First Aid Journal July 1928-June 1930

FOR SAFETY EVERYWHERE."

SELF - CONTAINED OXYGEN BREATHING APPARATUS for work In posionous atmospheres.

GAS MASKS for use in known poisons.

SMOKE HELMETS of all patterns.

RESUSCITATING APPARATUS, Ox ygen and Ox ygen + CO 2 systems

DUST RESPIRATORS. SAFETY GLOVES and GOGGLES. FIRST AID EQUIPMENTS. F IRE EXTINGUISHERS, and all other SAFETY & PROTECTIVE DEVICES.

SIEBE, CORMAN & CO., Ltd.,

"Neptune" Works is 181, Westminster Bridge Road , Telegrams-I Siebe, Lamb, London " LONDON S E 1 Telephone No Hop 340 (, lines). , . .

FIRST AID Motor in serious Accident

A Conespondent writes :"I was one of the first on the scene. Of course nobody could do anything until a Doctor arrived. I took out a cup of Oxo which, in the opinion of several people , helped the poor girl a lot."

Prevents Collapse

SPECIALISTS IN UNIFORMS.

Manufacturers of every description of Uniform Clothing and Equipment FOR ALL RANKS. Jackets, Trousers, Great Coats, Caps, Belts, Gloves, Haversacks, Waterbottles, etc.

Estimates ana Samples on request

- 32, RED LION ST., HICH HOLBORN , LONDON, W.C.1.

D

Adjustable Angular Splint, 20 AMBULANCE CUTTINGS FROM THE Air Cushion Rescue, 45 Child Scalded, 181 Cooking Tragedy, 100 Dangers of Alcohol, 30r Dog Ga , es Itself, 273 Fell Down a Mountain, 131

First did by Cutting Throat, 301 " Through a Window, 301

Four Rescuers Electrocuted, 73 Girl Thrown to Safety, 131

Hawser Danger to Cars, 181

Hire of Car for Patient, 181

Killed by a Cat, 273 " Open Car Door, 131

Lassoed on bus Top, 12

Lightning Victims, 73 Explosion, 45 Rescued from the 73

Saved by Clothes, 301 " Fi>hing Net, 10 3

Shot Dead by Lamb. 12

Strange Death of a Farmer, 1.31

Thr own to Safety, 273

Wasp Car Crash, 12

Wind Screen Tragedy, 45 Amhulance Strike, 48 Work Abroad, 321 in a Country Town, 61, 159

"Auckland, N.Z·, 176 An Apprecial ion, 86 Austin Ambulance, 228 B

Band Guide, A,"301 Birmingham N. e.O. 's in London, 105 BRIGADE DISTRICT REPORTSNo. (Prince of Wales), 4, 3z, 89, 117, 145, 172, 201,230,256, 28 4.313

4, 32, 89, 117, 145, 201, 230, 256, 284, 3 13

146 , 172, 2Q2, 231. 256

" 4,4,3 2,9 0 , 1I8, 146, 172,203,231,257,284. 314 5,4,33,59, 9T, II8, 146 173,232,258,285, 3T4

" 6,5, 34,60,9 2 , lI8, 147, 173, 233, 259, 285, 315

" 7, 120 " 60, 9 2 I20, 147, 204, 260, 286, 3 T5

" 9, S, 34,61,121,148,174,2°5 , 233,260,286,316

" 10, 6, 35,92, 123, 148,206,233, 260, 287, 316

" I, 6, 62, 93

" 12 (Irish), 123, 173, 287

Burn Dres5ings, 309

City ot London Poli ce Reserves, 319

Civic Honour for Commissioner No. 10 District, J3 0

Death of the Editor, 85

Detailed Malking Sheet, No·7, 69 S, 1I6 9, 15 8 10, I, 213 12,242 ., 13. 275

" " "" 14, 2g3

Diagnosis, 19

Dunant (Henri) and the Red Cross, 2 Duty, A, 58

E

EDITORIAL ;-

Accident Pre\'e ntion and the State, 169 Ambulance Competitions, 253 Ambulances and Street Ac c dents, 309 Employers and First Aid, " " the 'Flu Epidemic, I98 Opinions of Sun·ray Treatment, 198 Responsibility for Accidents, 169

" Views on Accident Prevention, 253 Ficance, 253

First Aid Equipment on Motor Omnibuses and Chars·a·bancs, 170 " " in Schools, 14 Free the IJospitah, 197 Happy New Year, 169 Our Dangerous Roads Again, I ') Message, 197 Monthly l'.larking Sheet Library, 281

Request, 197

" Voluntary Hosp:tals, 225 Railway .A mbulance, 281

" Safety, 197 Road Speeds and First Aid, 57 St John Ambulance Brigade, 1927, 29

To Fight Asthma, 170

T oll of the Road s 253

Eight Point Cross, The, Points, Th e, 124

Fire Ambulance Men, 2Y7

First Aid [,r Hospitals, 272

F Mallcing Sheet Library, 67, 86, 114, 142

" to the Injured, 199

Fraclures, 183

From Month to Month, 21, 46,77, 104

Fruits of EKperience with IIelpers, 183 H

IIelpers in Hy giene, 41, 71, 87, 114, 152

H. M. the Removal to Bognor, 199

Home Nursing, 331

" Senice Ambulance, 329 Hospitallers' Club, The, 226, 254 Hot Baths, 273

How the United States Bureau of Mines Conducts its National or International First Aid Contests, 184, 214, 226, 254, 282

Insensibility. 100, IS, 143 Inspection of Notts. Area, S.J.A B., 3z8

King's Stretcher Bearers, The, 227 L

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR ;-

An Appreciation of the Progress of FIHsT AlD, 106 " Expre ssion of Opinion re S.J. A .A. Text Book, 70

Anomalies, 159

AppOintments in the Order. 48 Blood Transfusion, 187

Erigade Uniform, 306, 329

Commission Rank, S.J A B., 106

Compre'sion ot Carotids, 106

Encouraqing Retrospect for Loncon First Aider s, 189

Enthusiasm in Competitions, 158

First Aid Competitions, 47 in Factories, 267 " in Schools, 268

Hats and Caps on Duly, 159

How to Maintain Interest in Ambulance Work, 14

Independent J oumal, Tlu, ) 3, 47

Inter.Railway Competition, 13

Late Lord Durham, The, 106

Lifeb oat First Aid, 189

Maintenance of Voluntary IIospitals, The, 267

Marking Sheet Library, 329

Military Home Hospitals Reserve, 70

No. 65 (City of London) Division, S.J.A. B., ) 59

Police Final, 267

Preliminary Round in Competitions, IS8 St. John Text Book, 106

To Fight Asthma, 187

Value of Freedom in Expressing an Opinion, 13,47

Lifeboat First Aid, 152 London Ambu'ar.ces, 334

Medical Comforts Depot!', 321

Mem ory Test, A, 277

Miners' Ambulance League, 163

National Police Ambulance Competiti on, 198, 240 New Appointment NJ. 8 Di3trict, 171

Order of 51. John, 2 " " Annual Festival, 3

Our Nur ses' Pages, 74, 102, 133, 156, 186, 218, 237, 269, Thanks, 1 [4

"Pidersgill " Cup CompetitioJ, 37 Picric Acid the Best for Burns, 324

Pioneers of Medicine, 228, 271, 300

PoisJning from C oa and Exhaust Gases, 318 Practical First Aid and Home Nursinl, 12, 44, 67

£RACTICAL POINTS :-

At School with Broken Neck, IS Dangers of Gas, 132 TIot Baths, 48 " Petrol, 132

Ekctrccuted in Garden, 268

Escape fr0111 Burning Ilouses, 15 Fatal Pin-Prick, 76

Fracture without Pain, 193 Lucky Swerve, A, 103

Need for Action, 76

Poisoned by Iodine, 48

Rescued from Canal, 268

Resourceful Act, A, 103

Saved by a Wooden Leg, 4 8 his Mate, 76 Human Chain, 193 Neighbours, 76 Nursemaid, 76 from Drowning, 268 Gas Asphyxia, 193 " "Suffocalion, 132

Snores Prevent Tragedy, 13 2

Value of Resourcefulness, IS Pdory for Wale" 9, 36 62, 94, 127, 153, 175,207,234 261,29°,3[7

Prisoners Study First Aid, 45

Public Secondary Schools <. amp, 31 Q

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS

Apparently 165

A pplication of Iodine, 276 " Spica Bandag s, 332

Armsling fur Fra ctu rf'd Ribs, 276

Asphyxia with 30 3

Bleeding 78, ;76

Blood Donors SocielY, 164

Brigade Regulations, 304

and Clavicle, 50

Calcium Carbide Poisoning, 303 Cau;ation of Thrush, 108, 136 Com plica' ed Fra cture of Metacarpus, 304

Compound Fracture cf Leg. 164

Conduct of Competitions, 50

Damages for Wrong Treatment, 165

Death from Rusty Nail, ro8

Definition of Collapse, 192 " Pain, 78

Detailed Marking Sbee s, 304

Digital Pressure, 276

Examina ion Howler, 2Z, 50, 78, 108, 13 6, 164, 192, 220, 24 8 276, 30 3, 33 2

Examinati un of Unconscious Patitnt, 192

Foreig1 Body Beneath Nails, 221

" "in Eye, 249

Fracture of Bo th Thighbones, 333 Clavicle, Humeru s and Ribs, 30+ First Rib. 332

Neck of Ferr.u r, 192 Patella, 2i8

" Ribs, 276

Fractulel Ankle, 164

Base of 333 Collarbone of Armless 1\1an, 78 Femur and Abdominal Wound, J37 " Scapula and DisloClted Shoulder, 136 Fracture; of Cla\'Ue, Scapula and 332 " Scapu'a and L1a\'icle, 332

Fumes of Gases, 249

German Measles, 108 H ::emo rrhage from In'ernal Organs, 221

Handkerchiefs as Respirators, 22 Home Dangers of Electricity, 164 Humours of First Aid, 50, 78, 13 6 " Nursing, 276

Iden tific Ition of Doctor, 164

Injury to Wrist, 22 , Thorax 332

In seosibil.ty with Epilepsey 22

Kiss Cause of Hysteria, 22 r Lectures and Text Bouk, 59 LiabJlilies of B igade Membership, 333

Meddlesome First Aitl, 277

Our Dangerous Roads, 165

Pad for Fractured C1a\ ide, 50

Pains in St omach, 249

Payment of Doctor, 164 Petrol and Wounds, 304 " Po;soning, 276

Poisoned by Iodine, r08

" 26 5, 293, 3 27 & Gt. Western Join t, 26 7

I NDEX.

Southern, 100, 149, 180, 210,244, 26S, 296 , 327

Red Cross Branch News, I6r, r88, 216, 246, 274, 302 33 1

Review of Nos. 8 and Distrirts at Herne Bay, 16

REVIEWS ;-

Factory and Workshop, 179 Home Service Ambulances, 273

lIow to Enjoy IIealth, 179 IIygiene of Infancy, 213

Pocht First-Aid Ready Reference, 289 Ouesl il ns and Answers in First Aid, 333 Cross, The, 160

Rivalry between Office and Works, I3 2 s

St. John Ambulance Assoc:ation, 1927, 66 Brigade 288, 3 10 " " "Overseas, I I, 263, 320

St. John's Gate at Play, 20 Saving Li;e by the Prone Pressure System, 190 Southall Division Church Parade, €!)6

Structural Anatomy, 30

"The Toilers," IS4, 170,27 1 Triangular Bandage used in France a Century Ago, 178 u

Use of Petrol for "Wound' 319 v Vital First Aid, 144 w Won and Lost, 44 j.r y Young Workers and their Jobs, 131 Illu stra tions.

FIRST AI D

for the The Independe

Ambulance and

Nur sing S ervices.

EDITORI A L .

Abertillery Nursing Team at. VY?rk, 29 1 ., Adderley Green and Area DlvlslOn, NO·5 DistrIct, 93 Ashford Town Team, 147 Auckland Division, S.J. A. B. Overseas Team, II " " New Zealand,. 177, 17 8

Austin Motor Ambulances, Exterior, 19 , 228 " Interior, 19, 228 Army Team, 321

Beccles Divi,ion Inspection, 43

Belfast Branch, V.A.D., 13

Blackburn's New Ambllance Cadet Unit, 6S

Brandon Colliery Ambulance Team, I23

Browne The Late Staff-Sergt., 202

,-entral 'Area, Prince of Wales Corps Inspection, S

Dale, A. B. (Our late Editor), 8S

Darlington Nursing Division, 97

Derby Division, 91

First Aid in School, 144

H.R.H. The Duke of Connaught, 3

H.R.H. The Princess Mary presents Stanley Shields, B.R.e. Finals, 302

Hanmer, District Officer e., ISS

Herne Bay 1\ ursing Division on Road Service, 63

Hossack, Dr. J. T. e., 130

Ipswich Medical Comforts Depot New Headquarters, IJ9

Ixworth Red Cross Detachment's Team, 162

King's Stretcher Bearers, The, 199

Knights of S t. John in 47

Leicester Corps, S.J.A.B., ProceSSIOn, 7

Y1

iddlesbrough Central Nursing Division Team, 237

National Police Ambulance Competiti(m ;-

Lt.-Col. Sir Vivian Henderson, 11. P., presenting; " Pim" Shield to Winners, 240

Lord Remnant presenting the" Police Review" Cup to Runnersup, 241

Corps, Annual Inspection, 33 Notts S.r.A B., Inspection, 328 3 29

Plymouth's S.J.A. Seaside Tent, 61

F.ailway Ambulance-

G. W. R. Ambulance Finals, Viscountess Churchill "Directors" to Winners, 293

Conelly, J. J., 38

Inter-l{ailway Final, W-aterloo "A" RccelvIDg Shield from the lIon, Everard Barin b, 326

L. M. S. Ambulance Finals, Machine Shop Team, Winners, 295 (Foster Square) Team, IS)

Leek Ambulance Team, IS I

Sou hem Ambulance Finals, T eam Test Scene, 29 6 " Winners Receiving Shield from Lady 297

Review of No.8 and No II Districts, T6, 17

Resuscitating Patients at 13 1

Richards E. A. (Kp.Ight of GI ace), 171

St. John 'Ambulance Brigade Finals-

Duchess of York presends "Dewar" ShIeld to Bncklayers Arms

Team, 288

Duchess of York presents "Perrott" Shield to Bournemouth Nurses rea.m, 288

South African Railway Ambulance Competitio n Officers and Competitors, 320

South-East Lancs Corps and Nursi. g .of.the NO·4 DIstrict inspected by Major-General Sir PerClval WJlkmson, 9

Southall Division's New Buildirg, 205

Sherwell (Plymouth) Nursing ('ad"t Team, 45

Todmorden Ambulance Hall, 23 1

Tunbridge Wells Division, 35

U.S A. First Aid Teams at Work, 184, TSS, 2T4, 21.1

Watford Division on Duty, 3 1 S West Hampstead Detachment, V.A. D., T2T

EMPLOYERS AND FIRST AID.

IN our last issue we had something to say upon the subject of the affinity between "Safety" and "First Aid," when we ventured to express the pious hope that, as a result of the activities of our Safety organisations, the need for first aid would diminish until that state of perfection would be reached when erring men and women were so impregnated with safety principles that accidents simply would not arIse.

That day is, we fear, not just yet. Indeed it must be fai rly and frankly admittell that it looks a very long way off, for accidents il1\Tolving personal injuries are all too frequent. Mere figures can but inadequately convey to the human mind the real extent of these happenings, but the statement that during the seven years, 1919 to 1925, over twenty thousand fatalities occurred in industry in this country and that in addition nearly three million workers were injured in the course of their employment, is surely sufficiently startling to make the most phlegmatic among us pause and think. Casualties in the greatest of all wars were terrible and during the five years, 1914 to 1919, the British wounded totalled 1,69.3,262 (when millions of men were, with the aid of the most efficient machinery for that purpose, deliberately trying to annihilate one another); but during the five years of peace, from 1919 to 1924, the number of British injured in industry a lone was 2,.385,766.

Incidentally it may be added that the amount paid as compensation by employer during that five year period (1919 24) was upwrads of forty-three m illions ste rl ing In a publication issued by the Nat io n a l Safety F i rst Association it is shown that

the actual cost of an accident is about five times the amount of compensation paid to the individual so we may say that the cost to inj ury (on this basis) was in the neighbourhood of two hundred million pounds!

This actual cost of an accident takes into account the expenditure which is occasioned directly or indirectly by the occurrence, but which is, none the less, an expense which the industry has to bear as a result of the occurrence. Among these is the eost of the time lost by the i nj ured person, and also by all those who cease work when such an emergency arises, either in order to assist, or out of sympathyor curiosity. Then there are ineidE'ntal losses, such as the cost of investigating the cause of the accident, in training someone else to do the work of the injured person, and other outgoings including the cost of the time of the first aid attendant and of any subsequent hospital treatment.

It is the proyince of our Safety organisations so to educate employers and employees that our factories and "workshops are safe places for those who work in them. \\ hilst progress in this direction can probably only be gradual, the effect of acciden ts involvi ng personal ll1Juries may be materially reduced by the existence of an efficient first aid service. Prompt first aid assistance means the alleviation of human suffering, a better chance of an early recovery and return to ,,'ork, and conseq uently better earnings for thc \Yorker and a smaller compensation payment by the employer.

\Ve heartily su pport the extension of the Safety Movement in industry as elsewhere, and there is doubtless much to be achieved by the provision of mechanical and other safeguards for the protection of the \yorkers, and by the inculcation of habits of care and forethought in carryin a out their duties. I n the meanwhile, howe\Ter, the provision of an cfficien t first aid service in industry is a moral

obligation on the employer, as is the acquisition of first aid knowledge to the worker to whom that knowledge is made available

First aid is more than this. It is a form of insurance in which the premiums are small compared with thc advantages which accrue to both employer and employee and the community at large. The employer who fosters the acquisition of ambulance knowledge by those whom he employs is conferring a real benefit which is by no means limited by the confines of industry. Anyone who is responsible for increasing the total number of trained ambulance men is doing a good turn for mankind for he is swelling the ranks of the" firstaiders " who are available when emergencies arise (as they do arise in these days in such alarming frequency) not only in industry, but in every othe r sphere of life.

Henri Dunant and the Red Cross.

THIS is a year of centenarians. While we in England have been celebrating the centenary of Harvey who discovered the circulation of the blood, that of Henri Dunant has been fitly remembered at Geneva, where in 1864 the Red Cross Movement took birth with the First Geneva Conven tion which was brought about by the practically unaided eftorts of Dunant.

Dunant, of course, found the inspiration of his life's work in the battle of Solferino, where, as a spectator, he witnessed the unparalleled slaughter among the highest ranks, and he did his best to alleviate the sufferings of dead and dying Frenchmen and Austrians, of whom many sought refuge [rom their agonies in suicide.

Binding Copies of "F. A."

OWING to the number of applications we have received for the binding of copies of FIRST AID, we have made arrangements whereby we can supply bindings at the following prices :-

Complete Volume 9/- post free.

Binding Volumes 6/- returned post free.

(Copies supplied by reader, which should compris e the Nos. July to June inclusive.)

Cases for Binding 2/9 post free.

The cases for binding are of leather cloth, with the title of the publication in gold letters on the front and side and the eight·pointed cross on front. Orders should be sent to Dale, Reynolds & Co., Ltd., 46, Cannon-street, LondoD 1 E. C+

Order of St. John.

PROMOTIONS AND NEW ApPOTNTMENTS.

TIlE King- has sanctioned the following- promotions in and appo in tments to the Venerable Ordel- of the Hos pital of St. John of Jerusalem :-

Dam es Grand (ross:

Princess Royal.

Princess Victoria.

Queen Maud of Norway.

Princess H e l e na Vi cto ria.

Princess Marie Loui se. Lady Perrott.

The Hon. Lady Cecil, C. B.E. Susan, Duchess of Somer set. Kniglzt of Jusft'ce (frorn Knight of Grace).

Field-Marshal Lord Plumer.

Dam es c!f ./usl/ce (frolli Dames of Grace).

Georgiana Elisabeth, Countess of Dudl ey. Winifr ed Anile, Duches s of Portland. Alberta, Countcc:;s Dowager of Plymouth. (If Grace.

Col. Sir "William Rob ert Campion. Clzaplat'n and Sub-P,'elat('.

The Rt. Re v Frederi ck Cyril Nugent Hi cks, Bishop of Gibraltar. Commanders.

Col. Harry Thornton Challis. John Willett. q(ficers.

Major Thomas Gabriel Lumley Luml ey-S mith, D. S. O. Lt.-Col. Henry K e ll er mann Hamilton-\Vedderhurn.

Mr. Georg e William Haigh.

Mr. George Frederi c k Hu ssey

Mr. Frederick Portway Nilson.

M1'. John Roberts.

Col. Reginald Pellatt.

M1'. Thomas Francis Brass.

Lt.-Col. William Bla ckwood, D.S.O. Brigadier-G e ne ral William Bain Ri c h ard so n Sandys.

Sir Gerald Hubert Ed"vard Busso n du l\[aurier.

Mr. John 1axwell.

II'. George Robert Alfred Cursons.

Me Franci s William S a rgant.

Major Frederick Charles Lefcwe

Mr. Herbert Green.

Mrs. Edith Marianne Fulljames.

Miss Hilda Marie Smith.

Mrs. Emmeline Hannah Cadbury.

Major William Owen Evans.

Mr. Robert William Brelt.

Mr. Charles Herbert Fowler Jones.

Lt.-Col. Hugh St e phenson Turnbull.

Col. John Gretton, M. P.

Mr. Arthur William Hopkins.

Lt.-Col. Thomas Ellis Robin s , D.S.O.

Col. Henry Franci s Newdigate Jourdain.

Mr. Edmund Lawrence Hann. Lady Clementi.

Does your colleague read FIRST AID, if not, send us his address and we will post him a copy_

July, 1928 -FIRST

Annual Festival of the Order.

TIm annual festival of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of J erusalcm was observed in London on Monday, June 25th (St. John the Baptist day falling on a Sunday). Holy Communion was celebrated at 8.30 a.m. in the Chapel of St. John the Almoner within the ancient crypt of St. John 's Church, Clerkenwell, the Church of the Grand Priory.

Robed in the distinctive mantles of the Order, members of the Chapter General marched in proces-

AID.3

cession from the chancery at St. John's Gate to the church.

A of Kn ighLs of Ju st ice by the Grand Pnor, HIS Ro ya l Highne ss the Duke of Conn aught, was b y the genera l assembly of members and assoclates of the Order, in the Chapter Hall, St. John's Gate, at 3.45 p. m.

The following Kni g hts of Ju stice were received and invested b y the Grand Prior :_ Lieut.-Col. Claude Bowes Palmer, C. B. E. Li eut .-Col. J ohn Th omas VVoolrych Pero\\"ne. Sir Spencer H arcourt Buller, G.-C. S.l., G. C. 1. E.

The Grand Prior also invested with thei r Insignia :-

H. R. H. Th e Dukc of COl1naughL, t he Grand Prior, al Lhe Commemoration Service of the Order.

sion, preceded by the choir from the Chapel Royal, from the St. John's Gate, Clerkenwcll, to the Grand Priory Church for the annual commemoration service at 2.30 p.m.

The service was conducted by the Rector (the Rev. T. C. Elsdon), and the sermon was preached by the Dean of \iVestminster, who is a chaplain of the Order. The Duke of Connauaht (the Grand Prior) s precede0 by the choir of His Majesty's Chapels Royal and the chaplains, walked in pro-

SU!:ian of Somerset and the Honourable Lad\' Cecil, whose promotion to the Grade of Damc Grand has recently been sanctioned by His Majesty the Kino". , H. R. H. t he Princess Louise, of Argyll,t'li\Iajor_ G.ell. t he Earl of Scarborough (Sub-I rior) and the Countc;,s of ScadJorough, Lieut.-Gen. Sir Ay lm er Hunter-\Veston Chancellor) and Lady Hunter-vVesloll, Sir John HeweLt (Bailiff of Egle), I\lajor-Gcll. Sir Perci\ a \Vilkillon (Secretary-General) and Lady \Yilkillson, C:) l. Francis \V. Pixley (Receiver-General), Col. Sir Courtauld Thomson (Hospitaller), Li eut .- Col. J. T. v\'oolrych PerO\\""I1e (Regi trar) , Capt. A. C. Seton ChrisLopher (,\lmoncr and DirecLor of Col. E. ]. King (Librarian), Scrgl.-Surgeoll Slr H avelock Charles (Chief COl1ll11issiolll r S.].A. B. O\'crseas), Li e ut. -C ol. Bingham (Secretary), Col. Sir \Vyndbam l\Iurr ay, Col. E. D. Browne- ynge-HuLchinson, Lord and Lady Mostyn, Brigadier-Gen. the Earl and Countess of Shaflesbury, Lieut.-Col. C. B. Palmer, Col. the Viscount Galway, Dr. R. A. Gibbons, H. Pirie-Gordon, Esq., Lieut.Col. R. Stewart, :\Iajor H. A Balbi, :\lr. and :\11'. G. \Yoods \i\T o ll aston, Countess Beauchamp, Lady Knowles, Robinia Viscountess 1\10unLg-arret, COllnLe s Bras s c\" Susan Du chess of Somerset, Hon.' Lady Cecil, I\lr;,. ,\. :A:'ickman l\lorgan, Bishop of Gibraltar, Dean of \VesLminster, \rchdea con of London, R e\,. ,\ C. E Jan is, Re\ "'. H. H omby Stecr, R e\". L. J. Perci\"al, Re\ T. C. Elsdon, Re\,. C. H. Hulton, Duchess of Buckingham and Chandos, Major Colin and Lady l\IargarcL :\lacRae, :\larchioness of BuLe, Col. G. F. L p\'erson, l\Iajor-Gen. Sir D' .-\. Crook.,hank, Col. R. J. Blackman, Col. Sir Robert ,-\rmsLwng Jones, Col. L ord Leigh, LieuL.-Coi. F. A. Brooks, LiclIt-Col. F. W. Gibbon, l\lajor-General T. ;'II. Corker, Col. C. de \V . Crooks hank, Sir \ " illiam Savoury, Col. Sir George Hastings, Dr. F. J. vVa ldo , Rt. Hon. Sir Thomas l\lalony, Sir Charles \\'akefie ld A. R. Prideaux, Esq., Sir Louie and Lady Dane, Li e ut. -Col. Si r \rthur Leetham, Sir A.ston \\ ebb, Capt. Sir I an H am ilton Benn, Mrs. Charles Scott-Gatt}', Lady Ilwerclyde, Lad y Strong, Lady Clipperton, :\larchioness of Z etb nd. M1'. and 1\1rs. ]. Cah'in Lines, Dr. 1\1ary Brodrick, Ir s \ Nards-Aldam, :\Irs. 1\1an Stuart, :\liss Cox Dm ies, Irs VV. R. Stobart, 1\1rs. Upton Prior, Dame Margaret Lloyd George, D ame i\l aud :\l cCathy, Lady Newnc , Miss \. F. ]. Ll oyd -S ti ll, Mrs. St. John Atkinson, l\lr Cah erley, Hon. il1rs Hcnn Collin, Countes DO\\'ager of Bradford, Lady Essex French, Hon. l\lr Fitzroy, :\lr. H. B. Hamilton, Lady Ludlow, L a dy Constance Butler, Sir Spencel- and Lady Harcourt Buller, Li eut. -Col. Sir l\lalcolm Murray, Countess of Onslow, Hon. Florence Amhurst, l\[ajor and :\lrs. HarL Dm is, Lieut. -Col. V. Gabriel, Rt. Hon. T. H. Ferens, Gen. Sir Reginald "Vin g-ate, Hon. Sir John Cockburn, Lipul.-Col. O. Boullon, Sir Cecil and Lady Clem nti, Sir Ronald and L ad\' Storrs, ;\[arc hion ess of Exeter, Lady \\ 'ilson, Lady Da\;'so n, Lady Smyth, Lady i\l a rjori e Dalrymple, Lady ]cph so n , COLlntc s of LyLLon , Lady Creagh, Lady Sydenham, Lady Phillipps, Lady Luki s, Lady Malcolm, LiL'ut.-Col. H. Hamilton vVedderburn, Lord H erbert ScoLt.

Brigade Dzstj/zct Reports.

No. I (Prince of Wales').

CEXTRAL ARE.\. - On Sunday, June 24th, by the courtesy of the Re\ '. 'V. Pennington Bickford, Central Area held its foul-th .\nnual Church Parade at St. Clements' Danes, the Assistant COJllllliSt>ioner- being in command, and some 350 members of \Illbulance, Nursing, and Cadet Divisions being on parade. Ll. -Col. J. T. W. Pero\\'ne, Registral- of The Order, and Col. G. , \. Moore, l\I. D., Deputy Chief Commi ssioner read the lessons; and the Rev. Basil Bourchier, Vicar of Hampstead Gardcn Suburb, preachcd a much appreciated se rmon in \\'hich he paid tributc to thc work of the Order and Brigade. i\fter the sen'ice Col. Pero\Yne, \\ -ho was accompanied by Col. :\J oore, the Rector of St. Clements' Danes, II'. Ralphs, Assi tant Commissioner IIong- Kong District S.].A. B. aud others, inspected the parade and congratulated all ranks on their smartness and crllcienc\'. Then followed a brief route march enlivened bv l11USrC of the Shoreditch Silver Band, after which Dr. Corbet Fletcher thanked all ranks for attending and then dismissed the parade.

I\' 0_ 22 (Hospital Saturday Fund) Di \ ision. -The Florence trophy which \\ -as anonymous given to the Di\ ision la..,t year has been won this year b) Private George \\'illoughby with Private F. C. Cousins as runner up.

46 (ILFoRD, V.A.D.).-The annual inspection of the ,0 1 H (womens') and Ko. 27 (mens') Voluntary A.id Detachments, took place on l\londay, June 18th, at the headquarters of the '0 27 detachment (:\lo. 46, Ilford Division, S.J..\.B.). The inspectiogofiicers were Brig-.-Gen. ]. 1\1. C. Coh'in, V.C., County Controller. l\lajor Fenwick, 1\1. C. , R \ . .\1. C., of the "Tar Office, and Robinia, Viscountess .\h1untgarrel, O. B. E.

Thc detachmcnts wcrc inspected on parade by Gen. Coh·in, after which practical demonstrations and tests of indi"idual and team work werc gi\'en together ""ith the necessary drill. The \'arious tests were subjected to critical examination by .\Iajor Fenwick who combined his official position of 'Val' Office inspecting officer, with that of a kindly and helpful instructor. His Worship the l\layor of llforcl, -\lderman 'V. J. O. Sheat, arri\'ed during the e\'ening and e\-inced a keen interest in the work of the two detachments.

-\fter the inspection Gen. Colvin and Major Fenwick expressed their admiration both of the appearancc on parade and the high standard of efficiency shown by the manncr in which the \'arious test!:> were carried out.

The :'Jayor of lIford, on behalf of thc Borough Council, expressed hi s appreciation of thc work of the two divisions in thc borough, in thcir capacity of S.].A. B. unib, ha\ 'i ng personally witnessed their 'york in se\'eral emergencies .\t the conclusion, in a few happily chosen phrases, the Vis co untess l\Iountgarret -o iced her appreciation of the sympathy and interest 5ho\\'n by the l'[ayor and Corporation by "irtue of his presence there that evening

46 Division with a membership of 41 active members, and No. 15 Tursing Division with over 30 members, made an impressive parade.

55 (SOUTIL\'LL).-The first. aid station and medical comforts depot was opened by Lt. -Col. ]. T. Woolrych Perowne, on June 16th. Col. Perownc was received at the

War :'IIcm or ial by Drs. Scccombe and Brooks, who introduccd the various mem bel'S of the V A. D.

No.2.

ALTUN. - A smok in g concert and distribution of rLw,lrds held by the Division in the Crown Hotel Assembly Room la st month. An exce ll cnt programme of music was given by the Post Office concert party and P.S. Monk, and during the evening the awards gained in the recent rc-examination test were distributed by the vicar ( R ev. T. N. R. Griffin). Supt. D. L. Hopkins presided, and others prescnt included l\lr. W. Berry (postmastcr), P S. Monk, and other members of thc Alton Police Di\'ision, besidcs a largc muster of firstaid mcn.

Hon. Sergt. ]. E. Stcwart proposed the toast of "The Visitors," coupled with the name of thc postmaster, and Mr. W. Berry briefly responded.

NO·3·

NUl\'EATOl\'. There was laid to rest in thc quiet churchyard of Chih'c rs Coton (the Shepperton of Georgc Eliots' scenes in clerical life) 011 J LIne 21st, l'lrs. Eliza Waltoll, one of the oldest members of N uncaton N ucsing Division. For 19 years Mrs. \\Talton had been a faithful and ardent worker, alv,ays willing and ready to do any work needed. Of a bright and cheerfu disposition she will he greatly missed.

Her coffin on which \o"as placed the flag of Sl. John and a beautiful wreath in the form of the badge, sent by her sist r nUI-ses, was GlITied by six ambulancc men. The lady su pL, officer', sistel-s, t>u officers and men, cadets ancl their officers of the S.J \. B. followed in the funeral procession

The service ""at> conducted in church, and at the f'raveside by the newly-appointed \ jcar, the Re\ ]. 1\. B. Dowis, 1'1. A. There werc very many beautiful wreaths, and great respect and sympathy was shown to those left to mourn her loss.

NO·4·

WIIIf\VORTll. - l\lajor Gen p nd Sir P. \Vilkin son visited \Vhitworth on June 18 to inspect the S.E. Lancashire Corps and Nursing Divisions, when nearly 2,000 ambulance and nursing members were on parade

Sir Percival V\Ti lkin son quoted some striking figures as to the strength of the Brigade in No.4 District-a district which, he said, was doing doublc its" \, hack" in propodion to the total membership. One is very glad to know that the Illo\-e ment is so sp lendid ly supported .in South East L1I1c<lshire, and in this respect a well-desern:cl tribute of apprcc ition was paid to l\lrs. \Valter Tweedale, J. P., Lady Supt. in No. 4 District, for her untiring work. One of the 1110st promising feat ur es of the Brigade is the success of the cadet section, which wa s only formed a few year's ago and is growing very rapidly.

NO·5·

SOUTII KIRKBV. - Three roadsidc boxes were formally opened by Supt. Amcry la st month. In cach cab inet is ;l tclescopic stretc h er and hood, a blanket, and a box containing vario u s requisite , sLich as iodinc, lint, cotton wool, sp lint s and bandag es

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A procession, consisting of the South Kirkby Division of the S.J.A.B. and members of the Parish Council, 1T1arched from Mill-lane to the police station. Among- the ambulance men present Supt. Amery, Corps Inspector of Stores W. R. Wig-g-les'vyorth (Pontefract), Corps Secretary VV. Banham (Ackworth), Am bulance Officer H. Kirk (Ackworth), Cadet Orrtcer]. Blackburn, IVIr. E. Young-e (President of the South Kirkby Division), and i\mbulance Officer T. Wilkinson (South Kirkby).

WOMBWELL. - U nder the auspices of the Womb well Di\ ision the ann ual ambulance competition was held at Wombwell on Jun e 30th. Forty teams competed. The adjudicators werc Drs. Jardin e, Mosberry and Dickinson (V\Tombwell), Hamilton ane! Huey (Mexboro), Crowley (Wath), and Beverley (Worsbro'). The principal awards were1, Barl11boro' No. 1 (R. Hargrea\'es, J. G. 'Wild, P. Smith, E. Balderson, J. Balderson); 2, Sih'e rwood No. 1 (H. G. Hilditch. G. T. Hude!, George Chan t rey, S Roberts, E. Butler) ; 3, I anvers No_ 1 (H. Odell, T. H. Parker, J. BaLLy, J. R. Ellmer)..

Mr. W. Thomson preslded andl\lr. Ene S. Roberts, of

AI D - 5

responding said she had becn a m embe r of the nursingdivision for nearly ten years, and what she had donc was done because she lov e d the \vork and took a very g-reat interest in it. She ",'o uld a lway !> remember her associations with the ambulance and nursing di\ isi on.." and thanked them all for theil- beautiful presents. .\n l'xcdknt tea was served after which ,;ongs were rendered hy :'lis s :'II ay vVilcock and Mr. VV. De\\-hurst, and the Forlllby dance hand prO\'ided an excellent dance progTClI1lIl1C. \uld Lang Syne was sung at the close c\'cryone wishing her bon voyage and good luck in her ncw home. No.6.

IIULL.-This Corp!> held their annual parade and int>pection at the A.rtillery barracks and in the Corporation Field on June 21st. Th ey were inspected by Col. C. 1. Ellis, C. M. G. There wer e 386 of all ranks on parade, including the boy cadets, nurses and g-irl cadets.

Col. Ellis pu t the parade through a number of test drills, and. ubsequently, in the drill hall, cOl11plimented the Corps on its efriciency, and pointed out one or t\\'o improvements that ITlig'ht be mad e.

The In:::.pection of the Ambulance Division of the Central Area, before the Church Parad-=, 81 S t. Clement!:> Dane, Prince of trancl. Corps, Shcffield (hon. president), spoke of the vital importance of ambula7,ce work in a colliery district.

-\TlIERTUN. -.- faIT'\,,!:ll gathering \\ -as held in the Formby Hall, Atherton, on J une to the departure for Rhodpsia, South Afnca, of SectIOn -:'lrs. A. Burrows, to join h er husband. Supt. R:)blnson spoke of the exce ll ent \\'ork done by Irs. Burro\\ 's In helping to raisc funds and train .who ha\'e ul: nursing and fIrst aid work Jl1 the c!n bIOl1_ i\f r s. SkIrro\\ also spoke in praiseworthy terms of the .of :'III's. Burro ws, and said that the Atherton 1 ursll1g DI\' ISIOI1 \\'as losing one of its most untiring and staunchest _ workers. Se\ eral members of both divisions concurred WIth SupL Robin son and l'Irs. SkirrO\y. 1\1rs. Burrows was then presented with a case of sih'cr fish knives and forks and sen'ers on behalf of the ambulance and nursing diyisions, and handbag and purse on behalf 011 thc .onicers alld !11Clllbers of the nursing division by Mrs. Skm-o\\'. Ir s. Burrows

The L l) rd or (.-\ldermCln H. De an) who atkmlcd 'lccompanied bv the Lady -:'hl}OreSS, abo gaye a short :lddress in he warn;!)" congratulated the Corps upon the excellent \"ork it ,,-as doing for the cit} g-I..'nerally.

The officers on parade included Supt. II. Bartrop, \ctin<'- COl11mi sioner -:'lajor Hammersley Jllhnston, 0, D.E., Corp; Officers Batty and Lamb, \Vh eatley and :'III'S. HO\\'ell, and ])1\-1. SUI geont> :\ldht, cln and Dean.

NO·9·

PLY:>lOCTIl. - In the School Hall of the l'rillce::-.::-.-street Church DeH)nport, on June 6th, the Sl. John Xurt>ing Cadets for the "Dan;.''' Cup, ane! \\-ere supposed to be in camp outside a londy mOL)rland fa.rmIll1ut>e.

\ s the teams of In_to the \\-ere confronted with the follL.)\nng pI obiL'1ll Thl' mi,tress and sen'ants a,,-ay to ". hde farmer is called a " 'a y to the telephone, IllS gll-l rushes

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out to see your camp Tripping O\ er a kettle she catching her dress ;;dight in front. She cannot sta nd and IS rolling about."

Other pracLical and oral first aid al:d tests carried out, the judge being :- COmJ111 Sloner H .. V. Mdler (Chief Commissioner's starf); l\Iiss Church supt., Ford Intlrmary), and Corps Supl. YV. F. Pethlck of PlymouLh). The standard of work was and the cup was ga in ed by the Sher\\'ell nursll1g cadets "nLh 268 marks. Plymouth Central girls were and those from Devonport-a team raised at tbe last minute-third.

At the sub"equent gathering presided over by COll.llty Commissioner T. Pengelly, supported by Lady Humphries, County vice-President, S.J.A. A., the handsome silver cup was presented to the winners by Lady Ambulance Officer Miss Da\ ey (the donor).

the competitors recei\ ed aLlache cases as and one tiny member of a team presented bouquets of Irises to the Misses Da\ ey and CI1Urch.

The Devon County Competition arrangements were under the direction of Lady County OITicer l\lrs. R. Balsdon, ancl an excel lent tea was provided by the officers and sisters of the Sherwell Nursing Division.

Twice recently in the Plymouth area ambulance workers, ",hilst proceeding to other duLy (a fm ouriLe beginning of competition tests) ha\ e been il1\'aluable to accident cases 111et ",ith en route.

1'1essr!:l. Tyler and Harding werc on il1\'alid transporL duty when they caught sight of a motor cyclist "vho W'IS pinned beneath a blazing machine, Immediately stopping tlw ambu ance they jumped out, rescued the victim, extinLinguisbed the fire with the app li ance kept on their car, and then took the inju red man to hospital. He probably owes his life to the ambulance men's bravery amI promptitude.

On July 12th H.R.H. Princess Helena Victoria isited Plymouth. As a squad of those on public duty were being cOllveyed from Ol1e point to another they arrived on the sc e ne of a Illotor accident just as it happened. Followed by a doctor, the casually was carried into a neighbouring housc where firsL aid was rendered prior to remO\ al to hospital.

"Vhat is e\ CI1 a 1110re strange co -i ncidcnce is that the strcet in the patient was taken had that same wcek won a substantial money prize for decorations during the" Civic " 'eek" and thc inhabitants had gel erously given Lhe whole of it La Lhe Plymouth Ambulance Sen'ice Fund,

TORQcA y. - During June , the Torquay .\mbulance Di"ision has been busy 011 competition work, the climax being the visit of Co l. C. 1. Ellis, C.M.G" the AssistanL Surgeon -in- Chief to judge the stretcher Lest, whilst Dr. T. Dunlop judged t.he individual work There were four men to a team and their problem was :- " You are on street duty during progress of a Royal procession, and are now by you-r alloLted ambulance station in Hyde Park. All round your station are trees, up which people are climbing Lo get a vie\\'. You have been watching a hoy climbing a high tree and someone shouts up La him, " Look out, sOl1ny, the police are coming!" He suddenly loosens his hold and falls through the branches. During his fall he lands on a man seated on a branch beneath him, and both are now on the ground. You know where yo ur divisional surgeon and am bulance are stationed ."

The cup presented by Mrs. Warneford, Dame of Grace of the Order and County Vice-President of the Devon 51. ] Ohl1 centre, was handed by h er to the winning team, (Pm ate Howe's). A shield, the gift of Mr. Gilley (manager of the Grand Hotel) was gained by Sergt. Curti's team. Before dispersing, hearty votcs of thanks were accorded to Mr. Warneford and Col. Ellis.

AI D.- July, 1928. No. 10.

Three of the East Coast Nursing Division of t he S1.. John Ambulance Brigade on June 16th took part in thc ann ual competitions for the "Alcleburgh" Challenge Cup, which for Lhe past year has been held by the Felixstowe Division. In accordance with custom, the genera l arrangemcnts were made by the holders, and Miss Rowl ey, a cordial supporter of the ambulance movement, placed the gro Llnd s of Vernon Villa at their disposal.

Teams from Sax 111 undhal11 and A ld eburgh were the chall engers, and in order to st imula te further in terest ill the C\ ent t h e lattcr di\ ision supp li ed two teams. The second of these had not the experience of the othe r com petitors, bUl they entered in a capital sporting spirit, an? gavc. quite. a good account of thelTlselves. At the genera l 1I1spectlOn, wlth which the afternoon's programl11,e was commenced, the parade was under the command of Lady District Officer l\1iss L. Haggar, A.R.R.C., and Lady Sup1. Miss Lloyd was in char<)"e of the Felixstowc Division and a number of cadets.

The inspecting officers were the Assistant Commissioner for Surfolk (Dr. S. O. Eades) and Lady District Supt. Mrs. Porter, of Woodbridge.

Col. F. A. Brooks, of the No.1 (Prince of Wales) Dislrict, was the exam,incr for the team tt'st, and Miss CarLwright, of the Ipswich Nurses Home, judged thc nursing work.

The ultimale winners of the trophy werc the Ale.!eburgh ( o. 1) team, Lady Supt: l\1iss A. J., Aml?ulance Sisters G. Richards, 1'1. Richards and E. Ptlgn1l1, With 250 points out of a maximum of 36+ . Other pl cLCings were: 2 Felixtowe, Lady Ambulance Officer 1\1rs. Woodhead, \mbulance Sisters Snell, Waller and Walling, points; 3, Saxmundham, Lady Supt. l\1iss Cutling, Lady Ambulance Officer Wint, Ambu lance Sisters Winter and Tiffins, 210 points; 4, Aldeburgh (No.2) team, .\mbulancc Si ters C. Heycock, A. Chedgey, L. Pilgrim and L. Garnham, 180 points, l\liss Rowley afterwards presented the cup La the .\Ideburgh team, and handed to Ambulance Si!:lter 1. Pilgrim :-lnd E. Til10tt the Aldeburgh Division's momcntoes for Lhe highcst scores in Lhat Division's schcme. Colonel Brooks addressed words of cncou ragc11lcl1t Lo the competitors, and said he was glad to !:lec LhaL the..: knowledgc of first aid and nursing was beillg mainlained in East Anglia.

No. II (Southern Railway.)

A.ldershot Cadet Division Competition on l\lay 30th reyealed a high standard of erficiency amongsL these Hampshire lads. Div!. Surgeons Patterson and WrighL acted as judges. 1\1rs. Thomasson presented tbe prizes to the winning team. It was composed of Sergl. A Nash, Cadets Lynch, Jackson, Robinson and Pickctt. The boys were afterwards entertained to tea

Red Hill Division was inspecLecl by District Orficer F. E. Drinkwater, S.B., on Jun c 13th. A notcworthy feature W,lS Lhe excellence of the foot drill. This Division rendered great help during the recent Agricultural Show at l\Ierstbam.

At the ann u a l inspection of the Tonbridge Division on Jun e 1st, District OJlicer E. J. Prew, S. B., received a letter of thanks from Chief Officcr W. L. Bradley, M.1.1\1. and C. E. Council. Mr. Bradley l11.entioned that the Tonbridge Fire Brigade had nevel- ca ll ed on the l ocal Division in vain, and praised the carefu l handling of the paLients. At the conclu sion of the inspection, DiYI. Surgcon H. ]. Manning Walts presented the c lass awards.

t\ ve r y large numb er of brigade units paraded aL Addiscombe of Jun e 17th for a serVIce at West Croydon

July 19 28 - FI

R ST

Wesleyan Church. In the procession were also terr itorial contingents and spec ial constab les. Accompanied by thc Croydon Citade l, Salvation Army Band, and the South Norwood Silver Band, an imposing progress was madc through the town. On arrival at the church a guard of honour was mounted. His Worship the Mayor (Alderman YV. ]. Chamberlain, J. P.) inspected the guard. His YVorship was accompanied by the town clerk (Dr. ]. H. Newnham), both of whom wore their robes, the mace bearer, Aldermen and Councillors of the Borough, members of the Board of Guardians, magistrates and other leading citizens.

An impressive service was conducted by the Rev. Walter T. Penny, who made an eloquent appeal for funds to assist the L-\ddiscombe Division motor ambulance service. The lesson was read by the Mayor. Canon E. 5. Wood s ,

AID.-

7

territorials or specia l constables were members of the "G.reat Unpaid," and the. action of the local governing bodies would be a great lI1centtve to the ambulance men in their work.

The parade was under the command of District Officer E ]. Prew, S. B., whilst the admirable arrangements made a representative gathering were due to the organ islIlg gCl1lUS of Ambulance Officer F. M. T\Yidle.

The Annual Inspection of the Hastings Ambulance and Cadet Divisions took place at Ore on June 19th. All ranks presented a smart appearance that was a creditable tribute to the splendid work of the surgeon and officers.

The London Divisions were inspected hy Commic;<:;ion e r

L eicester lJni/.

B) c(lllrtSt')'

The opening of the new HeadquarLers of Lhe Leicester Corps. Th e procession before the dedication.

the popular Vicar of Croydon, gave the add:-ess: He menLionec1t.hat he was in Jerusalem soon after the pIlgrimage of the Order and hc traced its connection with both St.John the BapList' and St. John the A lm oner (A. D. 614). expressed the p1casu re he fclt in taking part 11 a sernce connected so closely with the Saviour's "Inasmuch." Whatever opinions there might be that divided men, it was in the work of such Orders that true unity emerged The l'lll.}or subsequently took the salute from the town hall steps. His "Vorsh ip and the Mayoress afterwards enLertainedthe ofrlcers to tea. Thanks were tenderec1to all concerned for Lhis ci\'ic recognition. Reference \\'as made 1n the fact thaL a ll present, whether counci llors, guardians,

E. ,\. Richards on June 13th at Ladywell Recreation Ground. Lee.! by the Lewisham National Re Band, the Hither Green Victoria Bricklayers Arm, Addlscombe, Battersea, Orping·ton, and Chipstead yaUey Diyisions marched from Canadian A\ enue to the R enew Ground.

The Commissioner, accompanied by the l\1ayor of Lewlsham (Councillor H. J. Furneaux, J. P.), Ald. H. Chlseman, J.P" l'I.B.E., Councillors R. E. Webb, E. W. Hayes and \-V. l\lcDubbin, District Officers E. J. Prew, S. B. and J.. P. Flavin, clo ely inspected each di\'ision, the parade concludlllg with a demonstration of bandage and stretcher Divisional Supt. :-\. ]. Green, S. B., acted as AdJutanL to one of the most SUCCE'ssful e\'ents helel in Lhe London area,

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The Mayor and Mayoress of Queenboro' were present at the annua l in pection of the Chatham and Queen bora' Divisions by District Officer F. E Drinkwater, S. B., .on June 26th. Subsequently the Mayoress presented a ServIce Medal Bar to Pte. J. Sharp, Chatham Division, and the 21-year gold medal of the centre to Ambulance Officer Winch Oueenboro' Di, i ion. A number of class awards were distributed. Warm thanks were voiced to the -layor (Alderman C. R. Stevens) for his continued interest in the local work and his help as president.

The news of the appointment of Sergt. Darton and Pte. Jordan of the Ashford vVorks Division, as Serving Brothers of the Order, has given great pleasure to the Ashford Corps Both gentlemen are veterans in ambulance 'work and are typical representatives of the quiet sustained service that is rendered so freely in all parts of the country. Sergt. Darton took his first aid certificate in 1882. From. thence omvards he has been a tower of strength to the Ashford classes, and has also sen ed as Divisional Secretary. He received the Centre Certificate of Merit in 1919 and the Centre Gold Medal in 1925.

Pte. Jordan qualified in first aid Juring 1889. He received the Centre Certificate of Merit in 1923. A keen competition worker, he now acts as coach to the Ashford Works No.1 team.

In honouring these two pioneers, with a joint service of nearly ninety years, a well deserved tribute has been rendered by the Order to the whole body of unobtrusive workers who have helped to build up its beneficient activities.

BRICKLAYERS ARMs.-Theannual Divisional competition of this Dh'ision took place in the Recreation Hall of the Goods Station (S.E.&c.R.), Old Kent-road, on June 16th. The organisers of the competition can always be relied upon to stage a realistic" accident," and this test was quite up to standard.

The teams were told that they had just completed the erection of their ambulance tent in preparation for duty at a fete. A short di s tance away new houses were being erected. On hearing a shrill whistle they looked towards the partly built houses. Small houses were in course of erection, and bricklayers and carpenters had reached the top storey and were building the roof. The lunch whistle being sounded they descended the ladder. A carpenter, probably a little deaf, had not heard the whistle, but seeing no one about 100kE'd at his watch and found that he had worked past the regulation time, so he immediately put on his coat and hurried a way. In order to make up time he took a short cut, not knowing that some parts of the scaffolding had been cut for re-erection later. Before he could save himself the "vhole scaffolding cru s hed to the ground His mates sa,v the accident and immediately rushed to his aid.

Before the teams, of which there were eight, and the audience saw the "injured" man, the "accident" was on the screen.

The ambulance men also had an individual test. They were supposed to have been returning from public duty along the Old Kent-road, when their attention was attracted by a large crowd outside a butcher's shop . On approaching they find the butcher lying in a pool of blood. He had been cutting down a carcase when his knife s lipp ed and plunged deeply into his right thigh. He was bleeding severely, and it was quite obvious that he had severed his femoral artery. The ambulance man had to act once. Arrangements were made by Div. Supt. A. J. Green, S. B.

At a social and dance held later in the evening the awards were made under the chairmanship of District Officer J. A. Bourne. He was supported by Divisional Surgeon Dunlop, Div. Supt. A. G. Green, Supt. Hatley, Staff Sergt. Harris, Sergt. Jaggers, Quartermaster Cheese, Lady Supt.

A I D. - July, 19 2 8

Miss Grindley, Nursing Sister Mrs. Proctor, Ambulance Officers G. Stedman and C. Harrison, District Officer Prew, Corps Officer P. Wiggins, Staff Sergt. Seamer.

The chairman paid a trib ut e to the memory of the late Dr. T. Halliwell and to hi wonderful work and devot ion on behalf of the division. District Officer Bourne followed with a welcome to the late doctor's successo r, their Div. Surgeon, Dr. Dunlop.

The awards were then made bv Mrs. Dunlop, the " Miles" cup and medals for the afternoon's competition being won by Privates J. Leggett (who acted as captain), W. Good, W. Weaver and S. C, Barnes. The second team, who a lso received medals, consisted of Privates Ranson (captain), Moore, Weller anu Pannell. Certificates for first and second years, rnedals for third year an d labe s for four years and onwards were also presented. The winner of the highest individual points was Private G. Ironmonger, runner up Private H. B. Bowes.

There ,,,ere other pleasing ceremonies. Dr. Dunlop received a silver-fitted writing companion, consisting of writing pad and calendar, clock, match-holder and ash-tray; while Mr. File was the recipient of a walking-stick as a token of appreciation for acting as cinema operator and giving up part of his holiday on behalf of the division.

Div. Supt. A. J. Green expressed thanks to all who had assisted to make the competition a success. He also joined in the welcome to Dr. Dunlop.

Remarking upon the competition, Dr. Dunlop thought that the less he said about it the better. He did not mean that in an uncOinplin1.entary way, he explained, for he was "ery pleased with the high standard of work He pointed out that the great thing in an accident was to keep the patient from further harm, adding, amidst laughter, "until the doctor arrived." He thought some of the men were rather rough with their foreman, and on ly one paid him the great compliment of asking if he was a First Aid man. The Doclor said he once saw an old man fall down and went to his assistance, bul he was hustled off by a policeman and to ld to mind his own bu s iness. "I did not feel particularly welldisposed towards the human race at that time," he said. He thanked the diyision for their cordial reception and also thal given to his wife.

A first-class concert was provided by the Bricklayers Arms Concert Party (augmented), while music was supplied for dancing by the Aurora Dance Band.

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S.] .A.A. PLYMOUTII. - Wehave received the annual report for this County Centre for the year 1927, and it isverypleasing to note the progress that this enterprising centre makes. It covers an area of 3,500 miles, and an encouraging feature to note is that no less than 13 new sections were formed during the past year, which shows that progress is being we1l maintained in the educational side of the movement. The ambulance services are being well maintained, for Devon stands 4th in the British Isles for the number of cases carried by Home Ambulance Service Cars.

A Red Cross rally and fete was held on June 2nd in the grounds of Caerphilly famous old castle. The rally was or=ened by the Dowager Countess of Plymouth, and was patronised by several of the leading county families. Under the command of Major D. ]. Davies, Caerphilly, the officers and members of the various local detachments of the R ed Cross and Nursing Divisions of the S.J.A.B. paraded on the Castle Green, and it was through ranks of scar l et and grey clothed nurses that the Dogager Countess walked to the Banquetting Hall where the ceremo n y took place.

When corresponding with advertisers kindly mention "FIRST AID."

Priory for Wales. ST. JOHN'S DAY

THE names of a number of Welsh members, submitted by Chapter-General on the recommendation of the Priory for Wales, arc included in the list of appointments and advancements in the Venerable Orde: of the of St. John of Jerusalem, sanctIOned by HIS Majesty The King :OFFICERS.

Mr. Edmund L. Hann, Miskin Manor, Pontyclun.

Appo}nt ed by Chapter on March 1st, 1928, Registrar of the Priory to succeed the late Lord Kenyon.

A strong supporter of all branches of the Order's work; takes a keen int e rest in the Priory's Motor Ambulance Transport Service and has o-iven o-reat assistance in the pro v ision of adequate ambulance port and facilities in the South Wales coalfield.

L R Mcajor William Owen Evans, M. B. E., .P., Bryncelyn, Pontardawe.

Has lectured gratuitously to ambulance classes in North a?d vVales for the past thirty-four years.

111 the formation of a Voluntary Hospital, of :vhIch he became medical officer, at Pontardawe durmg the war.

Formed Division s of the Brigade at Ponta rdulai s Yst.radgynlais, Ystalyfera, Cwmtwrch and ?ra111. Appointed Surgeon to the Pontardawe Divi s ion 111 1912 and Sub-Commiss ion e r, Glamorgan County Centre, 111 1922.

SERVING BROTHERS.

Dr. John Ferguson, The Surgery Poplar Place, Troedyrhiw.

Appointed Surgeon to the Tro ed y rhiw Diyi s ion in 1910 and has continued to de vote himself to th e ambumovement. Reyived ambulance work in his after the war, pe rsonally financin g classes and enrolling members.

Mr. Thomas Isaac Griffiths, Cwmaman, Aberdare.

Obtained First Aid Certificate in 1899; helped to

Cour esy 'j'/ e R ochdale O;'SCY1J1"-

Major-General Sir Perci"al vVilkinson, K. C.l\l. G., C. B., , \cting Chief Commissioner of the Brigad e insp ec ting the parade of the S.-E. Lancs. Corps and Nursing Diyision of the No. + District at Whitl", orth on June 16th. He is seen (centre) speaking to Colonel C. ]. Trimble, C.l\l.G., the District Commissioner. Between Sir Perci\ al and Colonel i.s l\lrs. V\ alter T\\'eedale, J. P. (Lady District Supt.), while on the extreme right is Dr. Pim, the Assistant CommlsslOner, who was in command of the parade. The officer on the left of the group is Mr. V\'. :\lax\\'ell Reeki e, O.B.E., District Officer.

By

form in 1 906 ; esta bli s h c d Di v is ion a t Cwmaman n D 1908 and ,"vas appointed Superint.endent. Has assist.e d in the instruction of ambulance classes for t.he past t.wenty years.

Mr. John Owen Hughcs, RhuddJan, Flintshire

T a k e n a practical interest in ambu lan ce work since 190-+, when he organised the Rhuddlan Fire Brigade Class of which he ha s co ntinu ed to the present to act as Honorary Secretary. Also introd u ced amb ul.a nc e work into the North Wales Branch of the NCLtiOnal Fire Brigade Association.

Dr. Alfred Hugh James, Blaenavon.

H e ld Office in the Brigade since 1908. Promoted Sub-Commissioner, Monmoulh s hireC e ntre in 1\Iay, 192 1. Ha s rendered conspicuous sen'ices as lecturer, and exalll iner of classes and as an adjudicator in co mpetitions

J.VI:r. Thomas Daniel J enk ins, Ammanford.

Assisted in the formation of the fir s t Division in Cannarthenshire. Appo inte d Ambulance Officer in 1913 ; Corps Superintend ent in 1922 and Staff Officer in 1925. H as helped to organise ambu lance competitions at Ammanford and Llandebie and s uccessfully in st ituted inter-colliery competitioll":; in the Anthracite area.

Mr. John Matthews, Abertillery.

R en dered valuable sen'ice to the Ol-cler as organ ise r and instru cto r to ambulance c lasses which h e formed in connection \vith t h e local Fire BI-igade, Police' Force, R escue Brigade, Boys' Brigade. Has held Office in the St. John Ambulance Brigade for twenty-t.wo years; promoted Corps Offic er in 1924.

Mr. David Morgan, Glanamman.

D evoted cons id erab le part of his t.ime s ince 1908 to the de\'e lopment of First Aid work among the genera l public and at the loc a l collieries. As Superintendent of the Bedlinog Divi sio n h e assisted in r ais in g funds for Div is ional and Corps work. On relllO\ ing to Carmarthenshire, immedia te ly resumed a mbul ance work and no\\' hold s Offic e as Superintendent of the Garnan( Divi s io n

Mr. Brinley Richards, Llandebie.

Joined t.he St. J o hn Ambulance Brigade in 1914. Assisted in forming AITlman Vall ey Corps, appointe d Secretary an d finally promoted Corps Superintendent. Organ ised Classes and Divisions and obtained trophies for co mpetitions.

Mr . George Henry Rigsby, Caerphilly.

E stab li s hed Caerphilly D i\'ision in 1910. Assist.ed in forming Caerphilly Nursing Division an d Units at Llanbradach, Seng-henydd, Abertridwr. Ha s don e mu ch to a dvanc e the Order' s work among the Cardifr Di v isio n of the Gr eat Western Railw ay.

Dr. Thomas John Bell Thomas, Maesteg.

Took up am.bulance work in 1895 an d ha s given hi s serv ices as honorary lecturer cont.inuously for the past twenty-five years. Appointed Surgeon to the Garth Di v ision in 1914 ; Corps Surgeon on formation of Llynfi V a lley Corps in 1923 From 1916--1919 was honoral-y Surgeon to the Maesleg vVar Auxiliary Ho sp ital.

VELLUM VOTES OF THANKS

Mr. George William Hopkins, Newport, Mon. Com.menced First Aid activities with Boys' Brigad e in 1900. Before establis lllllent of St. John Ambulance

Brigade at Newport, undertook publi c <ll11b ulancc duty and assisted in th e instruct ion of railway c lasses Received certificate from the Dock s Company for mer itorious ambulance work in cOl1l1eci ioll with t.he Dock di saster in 1909. At pr esent Superintcndcnt o f t.h e Newport Town Divi sio n.

Mr. John Richards, Seven Sistcrs.

Qualifi cd in First Aid in 1908. As s isted in forming Onlh\,yl1 Seven Sisters Division, I-a ised fund for eq uipm e nt and uniform s Proillot ed to Corps Superintendent ill 1925 and co ntinues to d evote him se lf to the work.

Lieut.-Colon e l Thoma s V\Ta l lace, Cardiff. ;\ 1. D.,

Appointed an c'\ecuti,'c officer 011 th e creation of the Pri o r\'. i\ S Trea s ur er fOt' v\'ales, he reg'u larly pre-,ides at meetings of the Finance C Olllmitt ee and dc\ 'o(es consi d erable lime dailv to t.he honorar\' duties of hi" Office. e ecicd a-Knight of Grace the Order in 1918 for conspicuous se r\'ice s as a pioneer of ambulance work in vVales. I s a memher of Chapter, Grand and Standing Committees, "dlOSC constant interest anu support h ave been it pillal- of strength and encouragem e nt in t h e building of the \J\'ebh ationa l i\lllhulanc(' Organisation.

Al\IRl LANCE SC:'-'DAY AT B \RKY.

A practical dem onstration of thc strcngth of the Brigade in Barry was provided at the annual parade in which the lo cal ambulancc, nursing and cadet divisions took part on Su nday, Jul y 8th.

The units assembled in charge of Supt. C. Lennox, Lady Supts. :\lrs. Paul and ':\1rs. Lucas, and Cadet Offic er A. Paul, at Gladstone Squarc at two p. m , and, headed by the Town Silver Band, marched to the vVesleyan Church Brothcrhood, Barry Dock, where a lar ge congregation asse mbled to celebrate Am bulance Sunday.

Councillor Dr. E. E. Owens, 1\1.C. (su rgeon to the Barry Dock Division) took the chair , and the speaker was SirHerbertD \V. Lewis, K.B.E., Principal Secretary and Commissioner for \A/ ales, who was accompanied by Lady Lewis, O.B.E. "The History and \,\T ork of the Ordcr of S t. J oh n " was the subject of thc address. Opcning with a brief description of the origin of the Order, and recording its deeds of chivalry from thc time of the Crusades to the present day, Sir IIcrbcrt statcd that the secret of the Order's continuity and strengt h was the embracing objcct embodied in its moLLo, P7"O utilitate izominuJ77. It had stood the test of years, outlived other Orders of Knighthood, and was now the most ancient Order of Chivalry in existence

July,

19:.r

Much local interest was taken in the opening of the Whitchurch and Llandaff North Medical Comforts Depot, which took place in the presence of a large gathering last month The company were afterwards entertained to tea on the lawn of Benton House, Whitchurch, the residence of lr. D. Morgan Rees, J P.

A l b. It

S .J.A.B. Overseas.

NEW ZE ALAND - The annual meeting of the Auckland Division was held on February 2nd, 19 28, at the Brigade Headquarters, Rutland Street , Auckland. Acting Supt. Potter occupied the chair, and the meeting was graced by the presence of Divisional Surgeon Dr. Watson, Corp s Supt. F . E . Schofield, and Corps Officer U. Hitchon. The minutcs of the last annual meeting were read and confirmed. A report of the year's work was tendered by Di visiona l Secretary Sergt. E. C. Howes, a special note being made of the fact that 1,000 cases had rec eived treatment at football, race meetings and picnics, and that forty men were .\uck land Di\ ision, S.J.A B. O" erseas, winn e rs of C( J ones" Shield, 1927, and" Hesse)''' Shield, 1928. Corp. K. Crawford, Pte. J. J ohl1son, R. Jame s (patient), Pte. H. Chapman and Pte. H. Turn er.

The Dcpot was formally opened by Mrs. Morgan Rees, who was in troduced by Si r Herbert D \TV Lewis, K B E. Sir Herbert expressed the thanks of the Priory to \\1 r. and Mrs 10rgan Rees for thcir gencrous help to the committee, of which Mrs . Alexander is secretary, for the zealous way in which they had worked and to all who had cont ributed to the estab l ishment of the Depot.

Mr. J. Dyer Lewis gave a badge and the key to Mrs . Morgan Rees to open the Depot, and the dedication ceremony was performed by the Rev. Canon Akrill-J ones, Vicar of Llandaff.

The HDECOR.ATORS' & PAINTERS' MAGAZINE" (8d. monthly) is THE trade paper for all Intereste<!Publishing Office: 46, cannon Street, E.C

distributed weekly during the football season, to various districts for public duty.

Private C. Lindesay, Hon. Treasurer, gave a most satisfactory report regarding the financial position of the Division, dealing with the minutest detail of income and expenditure. Sergt. Hmves and Private Lindesay were accorded a unanimous vote of thanks b y the members present for their splend id reports

Business concluded, the presentation of medals to Corporal Crawford, Privates H. Chapman, H. Turner, and J. Johnston as winners of the " Jones Shield" at Auckland, and t.he " Hessey Shield" at 1\Iasterton, was performed by Supt. Schofield.

Supt. Schofield in his remarks stated that it was a very fine performance for the same team to

-FIRST

win both competitions, and stressed the that there is nothing like competition.work for Improvin a interest kno\vledf!e and effiClency. ;::, (J Divisional Surgeon Dr. ,ll atson service stars to Sergt. E. C. Howes and Pnvate VI. Groom as a mark of merit for years of service rendered.

A new addition to the Division was the presentation of the Flag of the Order of S.t.) ?hn of Jerusalem, given by tW? Officers of and the purchase of a Bngade Flag which IS to be posted at important points while on public duty.

Successfu 1 socia ls and a dance were held durina the winter months for the purpose of raising funds;::' to purchase uniforms and equipment, for which the Division extends its greatest thanks.

It is of interest to note that the Division is the oldest Overseas Ambulance Division in the Empire, dating from 1893.

Practical First Aid and Home Nursing

( By Question and Answer).

Arranged by Major S. T. BEGGS, l\I.D., D.P.H.

(Continued fi'01JZ page 327)

SURGICAL NURSI TG.

Q - "\Yh at are the two great principles to be applied in the nur si ng of s urgical ca es?

A.-Cleanliness and rest.

Q - \Yhat is meant by " surgical cleanliness" ?

A-It means not only freedom frolll dirt, but freedom froIll germs.

Q - Explain the meaning of "asepsis" and "anti. sepsis" ?

A-By asepsis is meant freedom from germs, 'while antisepsis refers to the measures emp loyed to destroy the germs which may be present either in the wound or on the skin

Q - Describe how surgical in truments are sterilized?

A- They are put into boiling \Vater, to which one per cent. of bicarbonate of soda has been a dd ed, and are boiled for 20 minutes. Knives shou ld not be boiled.

Q-Hm\' arc bowls and trays prepared for use and sterilized?

A-Bowls and trays should be well scrubbed 'w ith soap and hot water, and allowed to stand in 1 in 20 carbolic or other antiseptic for twenty-hours before usc.

Q - How are towels, dressings and swabs sterilized?

A- By heating to 212 deg. Fahr. in a steam -ster ili zer for twenty minutes.

Q-Describe the preparation of the hands and the precaut ion s to be observed.

A- The nails must be kept s hort, carefully trimmed and clean. The hands and arms up to the elbows shou ld be \'ery thoroug-hly scrubbed with soap and \ovater, spec a l care being taken with the nails. After this thorough 'was hing, the hands should be soaked in ant iseptic lotion. Th ey must on no account touch anything that is not ster iliz ed.

Q - Describc in detail the preparation of the patient for

AID.-

July, 19 28 .

operation (a) during the few days before and (b) on the rnorning of the operation.

A-(a) The day before an operation the patient has a hot bath; the skin i s then prepared. The part sllould be shaved round the place where the incision will be made, and then gently scrubbed with soap and water, m 'e r with ether. A compress i then appllcd, soaked With antiseptic A purgative is gi\'en on two nights preceding the operation, and on the morning of the operation an enema is giyen.

(b) On the morning of the operation a spe('imen of urine is examined. Food in a fluid form only fOUl h _.)rs previous to the operation hould be giyen.

Q-In the after treatment of an operation case, descrihe the preparation of the operation bed.

A- The operation bed is made up with cle<tn linen, with a draw-sheet and mackintosh, the bed clothes folded over to one side. Hot bottles should be placed in the bed.

Q-Describe the feeding of an operation ea e.

A-Food is 'withheld until the anCEsthetic sickness has passed off. Thir st is relie\ ed by sips of hot water and the tongue kept moist by rinsing the mouth with water. Special instructions for feeding will be gi"en according to the nature of the operation.

Q-Describe the management of the dres ing during the twenty-four hours after operation.

A-For the first twenty-four hours the dressing should he frequently examined. Should blood or discharge appear, the dressing ,vill require a fresh pad of sterilized " -00 1 applied outside the original dres lng, "'hich must 110t be disturbed. (To be concluded.)

fetters to the

We arli in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by C0rrespondents. -

THE INDEPE DENT JOUR I AL.

SIR,-

I feel I must write and congratulate you on your last issue, which, from an ambulance worker's point of vie\'\', is the best I have read for the last ten years. It not only deals with current topics but is well illustrated, and the edu cationa l matter is of the utmost use. r am sure it is just the paper that members of the S.l.A. B. require, and I wish you continued successYours, etc., AN OFFICER OF P. OF 'vV. DIST.

INTER-RAIL'vVAY

DEAR SIR,-

I read with considerable interest the article on this subin your May issue, and am of opinion that if the practical

AID.-

As a railwayman in London, who could possibly get away for a couple of hours, it would be a g-reat help if the two teams from one railway followed one another. 'vVe could get the tip oyer the 'phone when our teams were coming on, and see something of the work of both.

On one railway those 'who witnes the co mpetition are by no means" crack" competitors, for the Company a1l0,,-s representatives of the Beginners' teams to be and they go to see the older and more experienced hands and to l earn something from them.

May r in conclusion thank FIRST AID for all the help and assistance it has given and still giyes to the mo\·ement. As a free and independent journal it will doubtless be able to do even more for the movement, and in this it will have the wishes and support of

Yours faithfully, " HAYERSA CK."

THE VALUE OF I?\T EXPRESSING AN OPINION.

DEAR SIR,-

It has gi\'en me much pleasure to note the great improvement in the increase of interesting maLLer already

Tne Editor invites Peade s to senGi newsr;aper cuttings on matters of general interest for inclusion in this column.

SHOT DEAD BY LAi\IB.

Holding a loaded gun in his hand, Isaac Chambers, a widower, of Lidsing, stood talking to a shepherd near a sheep pen. A lamb sudden ly bumped into Chamber, and the gun, the butt of which 'was resting on the ground, went off. The bullet entered the right side of Chambers' head and he died instantly.-E·vening .l.Ve'Zf.ls.

'l\ ASP CAl'SES CAR Ci{ASII.

Struck in the eye by a wasp when driving his car at Castle Ashby, Edward Croxton, a commercia l traveller, was temporarily blinded. Ilis car s,veryed and dived through a hedg e. Croxton was thrown through the windscreen and received severe cuts from the broken glass - nailjl 1fail.

LASSOED ON Bus

Top.

Leonard P easey, 15, Homsey, who was tr<t\'elling 011 top of a bus at Stamford Hill yesterday, nearly lo st his life as the result of an unusu a l acci dent. Th e bus was passing a tram.car which had arrived at end of its journey. The trolley arm of tram was being turned, when the mpe by 'which the arm s rnanipulated swung in the youth's direction curled itself around hi s neck, and lifted Peasey from his seat. He ,vas taken to the nearest hospital in another tramcar. The rope left deep marks on his n eck. H e was found to he . urrering from nothing more ser iou s th<tn s ho ck.-nai(v lV.li1YOr.

Honours for Belfast Branch V. A. D.

The Lady Mayoress of Belfast presented m ed als and certificates to more than twenty ladie s who had sen'e d in the 82nd V.A.D. of theBritish R ed Cross Society of the City of Belfast from 1917 till 1928, in the Lord l ayor' Parlour, Belfa t. Group taken at the City Hall, Belfast, of the 82nd V. A. D R ed Cross Society Nurses (Belfast Branch). The Lord l\layor will be seen in centre holding medals, and nest to him the Lady suggestions enumerated therein were adopted, this competitition ,"vould again take its place as "the fir t competition of its kind."

It is difficult not to take issu e with your correspondent "Firstaider" whose letter appeared in your June number. for, as one of a party of old "finalists,", 1 like se\ eral others, found the greatest difficulty in knowing what the test w as a ll about or what the judges want ed, and most of the guesses made by spectators turned out to be wrong.

Your correspondent gives no reasons for indiyidual work being done in private, but there are many for h a\' ing- them in public from an educational point of \"ie\\'. After all, the competitiQn was won on the individual tests again this year, as it often has been in the past.

appearing in the pages of "F.A..' I lun-e read, and re-read the contributions of your "alued correspondents with much satisfaction, and certain definite conclusions lU1\ 'c formed in my mind therefrom.

1st. The incalculable ad\ antage and \'aluc of Editorial freedom in a journal of this description; the excellent results a lre ady obtained in the drawing out of indiyidual experience, and the encouragement ari ing therefrom of eeing them in print to all concerned.

2nd. That the whole ambulance 11100-ement Kould appear to be suffering from that common complaint so rifc nowadays-the 0'- r10ading with detail and rule cycrythillg appertaining to the acquiring of knowledge of description.

J\mbu lan ce j{ ews euttings fr om the 3lress.

-F IRS T

How far we seem to have drifted from the words of Robert Bruce in his preface to the Textbook of 1892:-

"This manual is intended to give plain rules La nOll-professional persons to enable them La render immediate aid in many of the cases of accident or sudden illness which occur in our daily life. It is not intended to supersede the medical man, but to point ouL ",haL may be done to the patient before his arrival:"

I wonder if it e\'er occurs to those responslble for the gro\vth and deyelopment of the ambulance movemcnt. thaL many young men and women, who have seen the Bngade adverts., films, competitions, displays, clc., arc deterred from coming forward to join the movement because it appears to them that too much be. of. then: ?

My idea of a real advance hes Jl1 the sllnpltficatlOn of subjects; and I still think that if any individual can feel confident that he has a complete mastery, in theory and practise, of all that is contained in the edition I refer to, the object of the organisation of St. J ohl1 has been obtained; not the production of medico.

Faithfully yours, E. ]. RAcK\\,lT z.

HOW TO MAINTAIN INTEREST IN i\l\IBULANCE WORK.

DEAR SIR,I have read with much interest the replies of your two correspondent in the June issue of FlRST Am in reply to "Educational." It is rarely one finds a medical man who can devote his time to the interests of a division in the matter of attendance at weekly meetings. In my case I know this to be impossible, but lucky is the unit so placed to have their divi sional surgeon with them at such classes. The of a division rests invariably with the superintendent and ambulance officer, and the I110re inte r est these two have in their N. C. O. 's and men the better is attendance at meetings. It is quite possible to foster a feeling of r espect without differentiation of rank or social position. Mutual respect one for the other always adds materi a lly to inte r est, and produces a feeling of esprit de C01PS.

As regards the controversy on drill, I find the J11O\ 'ements essential, and have noticed that the man smartest at drill is among the smartest in First Aid work; keenness in one seems to go in hand with the other. On e may say that " drill" is made interesting by the way it is taught. It gives an officer the opportunity of finding out whether he can successfully give details clearly and at the same time get his class to move as instructed. 1 y N. C. O. 's are also allowed to :-:lct as instructors, for in my opinion tl1Pre is no better time for such to act in that capacity than at drill.

" Commands" can be given quite a la S e rg-t. Major, but detail must be in the shape of an encouraging talk and no t as a severe chac:tisement, for to command sharply is to get a movement promptly. The public (often incorrectly) judge a man by his appearance; nevertheless, it is better to try and combine smartness on duty with smartness at duty.

I agree with Supt. Gray when he says that the numb er of certificates are not essential qualifications for the rank of officer. To have N.C.O.'s and men with as many, if not more certificates than th e ir officer is the greatest complirnent they can pay him.

The same correspondent seems to have a di stinct pet aversion in a Sergt. Major; in the St. John Ambulancc Brigade this rank acts as an adjutant on parade. There is plenty of work for the S. M. in that rank without adding the duties of a staff officer. One of the junior officers could vvell do this job as adjutant and leav e the S. M. to do hi s own, which under the present rule evidently allows no S. M. on parade unless one is appointed to act as such, for the Sergt. Major has becol11 e elevated to s taff rank in hi s own regiment.

"First Aid)) plays the important part in the work of the

A I b. -"'"

S.].i\. B., but" Drill" has its part abo; where uniform worn it creates a lea ning towards tru e soldierly manliness so essential to efficiency when" on parade."

To hm'e h ad such lengthy answers to "Educational" shows interest alone, and I hope such friendly interest will continue, as it adds to the welfare of those who do take intcrl' s t. - I am, Sir, yours truly,

F. WILSON iOULDS, Di\ Supt.

DEAR EIJrWR, -

l\lay 1 trespass 011 a li t lle Illore in the Cllluillns nf Yl1ur \ aluable journal, pleasc?

Vi e h ,we had" Ho"" lo maintain in ambulance work" No\\' I wish to point out, while \\ 'e are sugge st ing the various ways of "How to maintain," there is a point \\'hich requires some consideration before we can enll'rtain any further the question of "How to maintain interest in ambulance work."

Are \\'e not to a certa in extent discouraged in ambulance \\'ork by a class of officials in our emp loym ent r 1 am inclined to til i nk so !

Is there not a C'cnain class of ol'llciab \\'ho haH' nL) inlcrest in amb ulance w o rk, and do not inclividuab inlcrfere \"ith its progress to a certain extent by their ungrateful aclions? 1 think so !

Is it a fact that an official of a certain co lli ery not far from Dewsbury, Yorks., gave an enthusiastic ambulance Jllan his notice for refusing a reque t to enter a team for competition work, after servi n g 17 years at thc same collicry ':' H owe\,er, the story was corroborated by an Honorary Sening Brother, and his remarks-a nd, indeed, mine -are not fit for publication.

I s it a fact a n ambu lanc e man at a certain coll iery near R y hill , Yorkshire, lo t one d ay's pay wh en sent ,,·illl an injured man to hospital, and when the matter was reported, the management said he would have to bear the loss as he was helping a good cause? 1 wonder if any of those officia ls at the same co lliery would care to lo se any salary on similar line s? I doubt it !

Thesc are only two instance, and I kno\\' morl', bUl space docs not permit; 1 daresay therc are if \\'e ol1ly kne\\'.

I s this the way to maintain interest in ambulance \\'o rk ?

" No ; ernp h at ica lly n.>." And the sooner suc h ungrateful actions cease to exist the belter for paticnt ,lnd all.

Can you wonder at the young bloods falling short at taking up alll bulance work 'when such anomalies Th ere are co lli er ies and factories wh ere am hulance men are encouraged to the full, and it is ten thousand pities therc are a few who don't.

I hav e reason to belie\ 'e sLlch di scouraging ,,'o rk exists, as I h ave he ard of many of suc h anomalies P ersonal ly, I r emelTlber oncc, 'w h e n in trouble at my emp loymcnt , my s up e ltiors threw a mbulan ce work in my face, told me it was not my br.ead and butter and threatened with a r e duction in gra de-an d ind ee d wages, with the result I ccaspd my activities during- my emp loyment. I did not h an d my uniform in to my Di v isional Storekeeper. No! I 'm st ill one of the " Old Brig ade," and as enthusiastic as ever. However, tlwt was the kind of encouragement I received after a number of years as instructor to many classes, and I am sorry to say this incid e nt ha s done much harm to the maintenance of inte rest in a mbulanc e work in this locality alone.

1 hop e the officials concerned will reali sc some clay not far distant the value of an amb ulance man, and enco urage s Ll c h men in their work. And let us all work for one cause, " Humanity."

Now I will h ave a word on G. S.'s \'aluc of First Aid competitions. Competilions appear to be the only and one aim at co llieri es and on the railways, and I agrec with G. S. in hi s s ugge st ions ] certainly agree the men ill crac k teams arc not a lways th e besl men in actual emergc n cy, and I suggest too ITlUch attention i g-iven to teams of this kind

Julv, 19 28 -FIRST

CONTENT5 OF THI5 NUMBER.

EUITORIALEmployers a nd First Aid

Henri Dun a nt and the R e d Cross

Order of St. John

.\nnual Festival of the Ol-der

BRIG,\DE DISTRI CT REPORTS

No.1 (Prince of Wale )

NC1. 2; No.3; No.4; No.5 No.6; No.9 No. 10; No. 11

Priory for "Vales

S.J 1\. B.

Practical First Aid Home Nursin g.

i\ IBULANCE NEWS CUTTINGS -

Shot D ead by Lamb Wasp Causes Car Crash

Lassoed on 'Bus Top

LETTEHs TO TIlE EDITORThe Ind epenckl1 t Journal

Inte r-Railway Competition

The V a lu e ?f in Expressing an Opinion

How to l\Iall1tall1 Interest in Ambulance "\'ork

PH \CTIC\L POINTSValue of R eso urcefulness

Escape from Burning House s

At School with Broken eck

R e\'ie w of Nos. 8 and 11 Districts at H earne Bay

RAILWAY AMBULANCEGreat Western

L. M. & S. Ry

Diagnosis

SL. ] oh n's Gate at Play

From Ionth to QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO Insensibp!t)' with Epilepsey

Exami nation Howler

Delirium Trem ens an d Leg ::: Handkerchiefs as Respirators...

Injury to 'Vrist

Treatment of Tar Scald

Rupture of Muscle

Signs of Apoplexy

to them fit for the purpose they are selected for, and forgetting the younger end who are d es irou s of obtaininO' a knowledge of firt aid. to>

I agree tbe of expert leams discourages the yo.ung and Ie s expcrlenced men tal{ing up thc work; for thIS reason I know excellent first aiders who have b ee n discaUl-aged by this very anomaly, and \\'ho ha\ 'e in actual cll1?l:gency proved their efficiency. Although I agree COI11pcLltlon \\'ork does help to stimulate if takcn in modcration but too l11.uch is di sast rous to the ran k and file.

Is it a fact that too much interest is taken in the c rack teams by heads of departments? I suggest i is so, rather than encouragc the whole staff in the work under their charge.

I agree that intere s t has very much deterior ate d a mongst lhe rank and file due to the pres e nce of these crack and othel- That there is little or no co-operation in the rank and file, that the nlajority of ambulance mell now prepare a fortnight prior to the re-examination annually, some don't and chance their luck to cheat the examiner, and no more ambulance work until the next preparation for rcexam. ; and these are called ambulancc mcn ! Thal's all!

So the quality of the First Aider IllLlst detcriorate for this re'.LS?n : he does not keep up practice; and such men, in illY 0)11111011, are not what we can term, in a true sense,

AID.-

lance nlen. ent hu siasm exte nt.

Th ey hm c good men, no doubt, but their ha s becn pOlsoncd by to a certai 11

Can yo u blame the men? I don t! Becau se I CO llthese men are equally as valuable the men in crack teams, al l due respects to the latter.

Again, if you look round you will lind also in most cases Heads of Departments acting as ; and is it a faclthat these gentlemcn are not intercsted in thl' mon.:lllent o.nly to .suit their O\\'n purpose? - to attend a meellng, to hel\ 'e a day off (\\'ith pay) and a gOlKI ime, ell.ld so on, at the cxpense.

I s It a fact that a certain stationmaster-secretan \\ hell about his re-eX<lm., retorl e d " I 'Ill nol ted ln ambu lance work, I'm only duing it as a point of duty towards the Company! )) and that the same individual has to scrape up a team for the competition to makE' a for his own purpose? Such anomalies do not help to keep men together! and I agree with G. S. 's suggestion there is a for enqUlry

There are good, and all1bul,lllcc men who only need fair play, and who \\'ould reLurn an d take an active part in the movement if anomalies comp lete ly \Va h ed out of existence.

In I. hope we may recei\ 'e, as <:llnbu lanc e men, a btU e conslderatlOn from those whom it mar concern, and that the ambulance men will be treated as ambulance men be their energy, working for the cause of Suffenng Humal1lty.))

In conclusion, I must apologie should I h ave transgressed by takll1g up too much space of your valuable journal.

"Vith many thanks, I am, yours, etc., Dn SUPT. C GR.\\,.

The Editor invites No te:; o n actual Cases-wilh SPecial reference to good and bad points in Treatmen t-for inclusiun in this Column.

VALUE OF RESOCRCEf:oTLi\ESS.

A Brigade member, \"h o is employed a carkr, rece.ntly had cause to be grateful for his First "\id training. WhIle at "'ark he fell under his wagon which \\ 'as hem'il), laden with timber; and, as he fell, shouted " "Vho a ! " to his horse, \\'hich stopped immediately, so that the \yhe el only just touched him as he la\- on the u·ro uncl.C.N., Grim by. -;:,

ESCAPE FROM Bl:RNI1"G HOl:s E.

Th e bra\'e ry of a 12 years' old girl not long <lg0 sayed three li ves She \\'ith t\\'o women slept on the upper noor of a four-storeyed building. Awakened onE' night, they fo und the house on fire and the staircase in flames, so that escare was c ut off. Led by the plucky girl, all lhree groped their way in night attire to the front \\'indO\\'s and crawled along' the narro\\' fascia without to the premises next door. They escaped thus to afet}', though at considerable risk of falling to pavement belo,,·.-C.F., Forest Hill.

AT SCllOOL WITH BROKE:\' NECK.

Thc recent death of a 10-years old boy rl' \'ea kd thl' astonishing fact that for h\ 'e weeks the boy had regularly attended school and taken part in games alLhough sulrering' fr0111 a broken neck; and that, when at hospital and under treatment, h e di ed suddenly as a result of a ll1O\'e ment which had caused pressure on hi spinal corcl. Eyidently, during the preyious fi\'e \\' cel;;:s of comparati\'e acti\'ity, Nalure had protected the boy by muscular action in controlling the fractured spine, which action momentarily n:laxed when the boy lay fulllenglh in hi bed.-F.P-'., Cambridge.

Review of Nos. 8 a nd I I Distri c t s a t Hern e Bay.

SPECIALLY COXTRIB UTED

" HER XE B \ Y," "were the words ,,-e ,,'ere greeted with by the porters at the station when we arrived at this delightful seasidc resort on July 1 occasion being a review and inspection of Nos. 8 and 11 District Brigade and Nursing Divisions by

July.

After this was over, bouquets were presented by three daintily dressed little girls, to Lady and Miss Hunter Weston and Mrs. Richards; then we proceeded to the front of the station where the Brigade and Nursing Divisions attached to Herne Bay were inspected. From there.to the Cenotaph, where a wreath was laid on behalf 'of the Order and the Divisions attending the Parade, and an inspection of Veterans was carried out. And they were somc veterans. Among them was a young thing of 86 years, who also laid a wreath on the Cenotaph.

- Full of health and strength, these "lads of the village" were a tribute

to the bracing atmosphere of Herne Bay, where, it is said, one may live as long as one likes.

This ceremony over, we wended our way to the front, and soon found a restaurant where the needs of the inner man could be satisfied, prior to the great event of the afternoon. And what can we say about the Parade generally-only that it was a triumph of organisation, and reflects the greatest possible credi t upon those who were responsible for the arrangements in connection ,vilh it. There was not a hitch from start to finish. It was an i nspi ri ng sight to see over ,800 men and nurses on Parade, and if anv member was found with "eves ri ;ht" or "eyes left" when b they ought to have been at attention, there was excuse for it, for the spectacle was magnificent.

General Sir Hunter 'Veston of Hunterston, K.C.B., D.S.O., R.E.,

It was unnecessary to call out the name of the station howe, er, for our destination could have been known b y the number of ambulance men and nurses "who were on the platform, which had been ga il y decorated with flags and bunting. All the big-whigs travelled down b y our train and were recei ved on arrival b y the Chairman of the 1J rban District Council and the members thereof, all of whom were introduced in turn to General Sir Hunler Weston, Dr. Davies, the Commissioner for No 8 District; 1\1r. E. A. Richards, the Commissioner for No. 11 District; Iajor Darvill Smith, the Brigade Secretary; 1\1r. W rigglesworth the Parade Adjutant and Secretary of No. 8 District, and other officials.

jul

y, 1928.

-FIRST

However, here comes the General: and what a charming inspecting officer he makes. A kindly word for this one and that one; a talk over old times when he observes that a member of the Division is wearing a medal relating to an old campaign; a special hand-shake for the men wearina- a decoration for special services in connection the Great War; an affectionate smile for the Nurses; and a touching little speech to the Cadets.

Then to Church, headed by four bands- the Herne Bay Military Band, the Scouts Band, the Ashford Works Military Band, and the Folkestone Ambulance Division Band. The Church would not accommodate more than 1,200, but, as a further evidence of the completeness of the arrangements, seats had been provided on the grass round the Church and loud-speakers installed so that those

AID. -

invited to tea in the Pier Pavilion, as the guests of the Herne Bay Urban District Council, and it "\-vas not many minutes before we found in the Pavilion in compan y with a ll our friends and colleagues, partaking of a most excellent tea. There was no bustle or confusion. To the last detail everything had been thought out, with the result that the 1,800 people were all able to have tea at once, and "were served with the utmost despatch. And here was a surprise! All the ladies who waited on us were volunteer workers from the Churches and Chapels of all denominations in the town. The y were untiring in their efforts for our Ivelfare, and I know I am voicing the views of all present when I sa)' that we appreciate to the full their willing service on this occasion.

After tea, Cursons, the popular (he must be popular, or he would nel'er ha ve commanded the respect so evident) Chairman of the Urban District Council welcomed us, and General Sir Hunt er ,\Veston made a breezy speech, typical of one who has his ,\-hole interest in the work of the Order, and illustrativ e of the real tow e r of strength we kno,,- him to be.

,\Ve ,,-ere then entertained to " Land of Hope and Glory' by a lad y vocalist of no mean ability. ,\Vhen we all joined in, I guess even those who are used to public functions "were inspired. At any rate, we sang as ,,'e felt-happy, and as members of an undertaking whose patriotic motives haye never been questioned throughout History

Yes! It was indeed a great day. I have seen many Ambulance Parades, but neyer have I been privileged to witness one outside the Church could take an active part in the service going on inside.

The Rev. Thomas Elsdon, l\1.A., Officiating Chaplain of the Order of St. John and rector of the Priory Church preached the Sermon, whilst the local Wesleyan l\linister read the Lesson, and the vicar of the Church also took an active part The collection was on behalf of thc funds of o. 8 District, and was taken up by Brigade mem bers of various Divisions. Arrangements had also been made for a service to be held simultaneously at the Catholic Church for those who desired to a"ttenda facility much appreciated by members of that Faith.

After the service we had a march round, and were" dismissed" on the Marine Parade . But no! I am wrong '\iVe were not dismissed-we were

better stage-managed. 1'\ ever have I known such elaborate arrangements made bv a Local Council to ensure the success of an ne\' er has there been such unstinted '\\ e \yent to Bay as strangers . '\\' e came away with the feellllg that ,,'e had knOl\ 'n the place all lives, and ,,,ere parting ,,"ith real friends.

But we shall rene"- acq uai ntance ship . \\re wan t to more of this wonderful place, and the ki ndl), people who reside there.

La T. R ey ic\\' of o 8 and 11 Districts, - J. :\. B., held on July 1st at H e rn e B ay, K ent, \Y ar S en'ice No. 7503, will 11nder plea e ret urn to owner, Pt e, E. J. D a lto n , Green s treet Di\' is ion, S J.A.B., T eynh a ll1, Kent.

The general Parade of the 1\ os 8 and 11 Di trict on the promenade at H e rn e Bay.

Lieut.-G enera Sir Aylmer Hunter We ton in s pecting the urs ing Units at Herne Bay.

LIeut.-General Sir Aylmer Hunter \Ve - ton inspecting the _-\.mbulance Diyisions at Herne Bay.

Rat/way Ambulance News.

Great Western.

RAILWAY ambulance workers should advise their friends, who havc "w ireless sets, to tune in to Cardiff (5 W A) on the evening of 25t h, wher: Mr. A. C. B. Pickford, who for somc tIme was assistant to the G. W. R. Divisional Ambulance Secretary at Cardiff will broadcast a " talk '" on the subject of , " First Aid on the Rail ways."

The eleventh annual contest for the" VasaarSmith" am bul.'l.l1ce shie ld, opcn to teams of G. W. R. men at Gloucester, was held at thc Gloucester Football Club's ground at Kin gsho lm, on the afternoon of Saturday, June 23r d.

Drs. Sprague and Stallman were the judges for team and indi v idual work respectively, and the results were as under :-

FirsL

Second

Third

TEAiIl COMPETlTIOi\. LocomoLi\'e DepL. Sheet " Engineering' "

NDI 'wUAL COi\lPETITION.

FirsL N. P. Vaugl1all

Second F. A. DrinkwaLer

Third L. C. Perry

A large number of spectators followed the work of the competitors "w ith keen interest and spent a most entertaining afternoon.

The presentation of the trophy and prizes followed the tea inter va l, and in the even ing, a programme of sports was much enjoyed. The Swindon Silver Band was in attendance and played selections during the day and dance music in the evening.

Among the large company present at the gathering were Sir James and Lad y Bruton, Lady Guise, Mr. A. Daniels (City High Sheriff), Mr. and Mrs. S. Morris, Mr. and Mrs. E. A. Chapman, Mr. and Mrs. J. O. Roberts.

The Church House, Welshpool, was the scene of a joint distribution of first aid awards (St. John Ambulance Brigade and Great Western Railway) on the evening of June 21st, when a feature of the proceedings was the presentation of the G.W.R. quarter-century efficiency medal to Mr. T. Jones. The recipient who is the firstG.W.R. employee to gain this much-coveted award in the No. 44 (Cambri'a m) Division of the railwa y, is the energetic Secretary of the G.W.R. Class at Welshpoo!'

Mr. H. R. Griffiths ' (Divisional Supt.) distributed awards to members of the successful Patney Class, at Patney Station, on July 5th, and

heartily congratulated the Class Secretary on the fact that all the 20 members including 14 first year candidates had been successful in examination. He thanked the Lecturer, Dr. Harnois, and, on behalf of the Class members, asked his acceptance of a handsome clock in appreciation of his valuable serVIces.

The annual dinner and smoking concert of the Newport, , Dock Street Class took place at Temple Street Hall, Newport, on July 9th when, in the unavoidable absence of M r. R. H. Nicholls (Supt. of the Line ) , Mr. F. W. Wheatley, Assistant Divisional Supt. presided and was supported by Sir Herbert Lewis, Commissioner of Priory for Wales, and a largc number of local Officers of the Great Western Railway and the St. John Am bulance organisations. A goodly company sat down to an enjoyable repast and the later proceedings included a number of interesting presentations.

Dr. T. McCormac, Lecturer to the Class for over eleven years, received an entree dish, Mr. G. H. Edwards (Instructor) an umbrclla, whilst others were suitably recognised for their services to the Class which has progressed steadily since November 1887, and has had the distinction of winning the G. W. R. Directors' Shield on no less than seven occasIOns.

L .M . & S. Railwa y .

TREDEGAR. - There was a large gatheri ng of ambulance enthusiasts at the Tredegar Arms Hotel on July 3rd, on the occasion of the distribution of awards to the members of Tredegar, Nantybwch and Ynysddu Classes of the L M. & S. Railway Ambulance Centre.

Mr. W. A. Townsend presided, and was supported by Messrs. C. H. Tait, District Supt ; F. J Mansfield, Assistant Supt. ; Captain S. T. Beard, O.B.E., hon District Ambulance Secretary; W. O'Connor, the Traffic Manager, Tredegar Co. ; Dr. T. Crawford, etc.

The Chairman in his introductory remarks regretted that they had not succeeded in bringing the shield to Tredegar, but on the whole they had done very creditably in the competition. The membership had been well maintained during the winter season, and it was gratifying to find that advantage had been taken of the Classes by men connected with the Tredegar Company. He regretfully referred to the death of Mr. Fred Jones, who was a very devoted ambulance worker, and had done much for the movement.

Diagnosis.

IN all recent com petitions, a prominent feature has been the necessity for such knowled ge as will enable a first aid student to diagnose the injur y or injuries which the C( patient" is supposed to be suffering from, and in an equal degree, it is seen

lowing scheme, not forgetting that definite rules cannot be set down to meet all cases.

1s t. -Note surroundings and general appearance of the patient; an important point is often mi ssed in this connection. In competition work, this must, obviously, he seen in imagination, with the assistance of the description given on the examiner's carel.

2nd - -:'\ote degree of insensibi I it)' by touching the "whites" of the eyes and com pari ng the two pupils.

3rd. - Tote the circulatory S\' Stem to see if the heart is This can he clone either by noting the pulse, feeling the beati ng of the heart in the chest area, or by listening for thc beat by placing the ear on the chest Ivall. At the same time, the colour and appearance of the facc, also the body temperature would come under observation.

jf the lips and tongue were stained or showed signs of hcemorrhage.

5th.-Examine the nen OllS system to ascertain if any sign can be detected of injury to or disease of the brain. The possible alteration of the size of the pupils has already been mentioned, but there may be, in addition, greater helplessness in the

+th. - Examine the respiratory system to see if patient is breathing, and if so, whether the action is normal, slm\' , fast, slight, stertorous, &c., and whether any odour accom pan ies the breath. During this examination, it would be seen how frequently he has failed to arrive at the correct conclusions. Allowing for the nervous tension under which the work is done in the competitionroom and also for the absence of real signs in the patient, and history in the surroundings, there still seems room to question whether the same mistak es would not be made in a real case of accident or sudden illness.

I t is quite recognised that an ambulance man has not a doctor's knowledge nor a surgeon's training, but if the information contained in the textbook is intelligently applied there is no reason why the diagnosis of the case should be faulty. From the commencement, it must be borne in mind that in accident or illness, the smallest sign or symptom IS important. Every change in the temperature, pulse rate and tcnsion, colour of the skin, fashion of the breathing and general bearing of the patient, teaches something important if the knowledge is correctly used.

The greatest difficulty is undoubtedly experienced in instances of insensibility, as in these cases there is apparently so little to work upon. Consider, however, the fol-

Th e N ew 20- H. P. Austin Ambula n ce suppli ed to the Royal National Orthbpffidic Hospital.

The intprior \ iew of the 20-H. P. ,\u stin Ambu]ftncc.

limbs on one side of the body than on the other, and (what is often overlooked) an alteration in the folds or creases of the face on one side.

6th.-Further injuries must be looked for, such as fractures, dislocations, &c.

Now, assuming that when walking along a country lane on a hot day, "A man is found lying by the roadside, and no other person and no house near." All information must be obtained from what signs are present; in the case of a com petition, the signs present wou ld be indicated by the examiner in response to direct questions on the particular subject.

Hastily g lancing round, nothing is seen in the su rroundin gs to help, and there are no marks on the clothing. He appears to be completely insensible, and on the test being applied, it is seen that this is so, as there is no flicker of the eyelids when the conjunctiva is touched. The pupils appear to be slightly unequal in size and do not respond to light, £.e , they do not contract in the light and enlarge in the shade. (The reader should notice here, that the question to be put to an examiner is not "Is the patient insensible?" but rather" Do the eyelids flicker when the eyeball is touched?" or " Do the pupils respond to li ght?")

Next, the pulse at the wrist is felt and it is found that the rate is slow but the tension is hi ah \\Then the ski n is touched, it fee ls m uch than would be expected normall y Then the ?reathing is exam ined. Patient is makin g a snortsound and puffing his cheeks at each expi ratIon. Finally, it is possible that on testin a some difference may be noticed in the way the fall to the .ground after being raised, one s ide being more lImp than the other, but too much reliance must not be placed on this as it ma y take a clever man to detect any difference.

Up to the present we have found that:is insensible; pupils are unequal and fixed; pulse IS full and bounding; skin hot; breathing stertorous

The of first aid students, on seeing thIs summary "wIll say at once that it is a case of ap.op lex y or. but, unfortunately, few th1l1k of as lnn g the nght questions in order to get summary. It is not necessary to go on from thIS to show how to determine whether it is a case of the one or the other, as that should be well known.

l\luch more might be said on this question of

GRAND MOTOR BA LLOT in aid of the BUILDING , FUND of the PARKSTONE DIVISION NO.9 DistrIct.

1st Singer Saloon Motor Car, valve £ 16 5.

2nd PrIZe, Roy;l Enfield Cycle, value £39 lOS.

3rd Standard Cycle, value £8 195. 6d.

4t? Pnze, Ra leIgh Juvenile Cycle, value £5.

Tickets IS., to be obtained from Amb. Officer A J CU FF "Wodonga," Guest Avenue, Bournemouth West. ,

diagnosis but enoug h is g iven to enable the average student to follow the r eason in g an d by using the same method s to any give n case of illness or accident, to see how to arrive at correct conclusions.

St. John's Gate at Play.

THE fourth Annual Cricket Match between St. St. John's Gate Staff and C entral Area No. 1 Di str ict, took place at Acton on jul y 7th, and resulted 111 a win for the Area. The record to date is now 1 win each and 2 drawn games

The weather was glorious, and everyone, players .and spectators, thoroughly enjoyed a most Interest1l1g game. The Gate, who were without Col. Airey sadly missed his services, opened the proceedII1gs but found Sunshine in good fo rm the ball, Quilter (32 not out) and Thorne (11) beII1g only ones who could stand up to him.

TheIr efforts resulted in a total of 75 runs which a happy company of 120 players and VISItors sat down to the tea arranged by Divisional Supt. F. E Stallard in whose capable hands was placed control of this soc:ial athletic function

Then Central Area trieu what they could do. Archbold soon settled down and commenced to make. runs freely, but Hands kept the other batsmen II1 a state of nervousness until Dr. Corbet Fletcher joined Archbold. These two then proceeded to the runs required for victory, Archbold d?II1g the work and scoring 54, with the pla YII1g a quiet game and keepi n g his Wicket up (22 not out). Time was called soon afterwards alid found the Area score 98 for 5 wickets.

ST. J O lI N'S GATE.

Thorn e, 1. b. w., b. Macey Turpin, b. Swab t>y Bennett, c. Fl etcher, b. l\Iacey Quilter, not out '" Hands, b. Sunshine Green, 1. b w., b. Sunshine Wickard, run out '" Capt. Cahusac, c. Macey, b. Sunshine Menage, c. and b. Sunshine c. Macey b. Sunshine

P ottinge r, b. Sunshine Extras

Total (Sunshine 6 for 20, Macey 2 for 19)

CENTRAL AREA.

Pte. Archbold, c. Quilter, b. Benn e lt CorpJ. Park, c. a nd b. Hand s Pte M acey, c. Quilt e r, b H a nd s Ple. Swabey, c. Gr ee n, b. H a nd s

Dr. Corbet Fl etc h e r, not out

Pte. Smith, b. Green

Pte. Sunshine, not out Extras

Tolat;(for 5 wickets) (Hands

From Month

to Month.

THIS number mark s the completion of Volume XXXIV. Four hundred and eight issues have seen the light of day and (between ourselves of course) we somehow feel that the Jo urnal has been an asset to the ambulance movement and that we can accord ourselves a hearty vote of thanks. To all our many friends, old and tried (and they are legion) and new and eager to be tried, are our thanks for their suppo rt. It is g ratifying to an Editor to come in personal contact with his readers and during the period of now over twenty years, which the present Editor has been in charge, he has made many personal friends in the movement.

Motorists who do not pay for their treatment after accidents were mentioned by the Council of the British Hospitals Association in their report to the conference, which ended at Southport recently.

" It is chiefly the smaller hospitals in outlying districts that are concerned," it was stated "Their beds are occupied by strangers to the district and local su pporters are sometimes excluded from beds \vhich are really often provided for them. The worst trouble arises from the fact that these stranger patients do not contribute as might reasonably be expected towards their cost, and the voluntary hospitals have no legal power to make them pay."

Supt. H. J. Hunting of the Jarrow Division, reports to the Newcastle Press his experiences of public duty at the J arrow Carnival. It was reported to him that one of his members was refusing duty, and upon investigation he found that the ambulance man had been bullied into going to the assistance of a visitor under the influence of drink; the man was carried to headquarters where he eventually recovered. On the second day of the Carnival a cry was heard" Someone in a pond." Four men were hurried to the spot and on reaching the pond found that a man was running away with a woman's purse. Such happenings as these, do not encourage the performance of street duty.

The report of the Home Service Ambulance Committee of the Joint Council of the Order of St. John and the British Red Cross Society for the first quarter of the year contains, in addition to the usual statistics regarding work done, some interesting practical notes on the care and maintenance of

ambulances which should receive the attention of all concerned in this important service.

I t is pointed out that the comfort of patients depends lar ge ly on the condition of the cars, and it is suggested that divisions and detachments of the organisations shou ld make it their business to remedy all structural defects which may develop.

Referring to the road service scheme adopted last year, the report recorus an appreciable extension in the number of roadside first - aid boxes, firstaid stations, and patrols all over the country.

Last year it was noted that the presence of uniformed members of the Order and the Society on the roads served as a warning to many drivers and pedestrians of the need for caution. The committee suggests that units undertaking \\'ork on the roads should forward to the headquarters of their organisations descriptions of the schemes of working adopted and any obsen ations on their experience, so that information may be made available for the guidance of those taking up the work for the first time.

On Friday, l\lay 11th, a meeting \\as held in London of representati\ es actiYe in Red Cross and V A .D. work in the different counties, when matters affecting the policy and activities of the British Red Cross "were discussed. I n particular, reference was made to the arrangements con· templated for the organization, in London and in such counties as can conveniently arrange to collaborate, of a Red Cross Day on September 20th, 1928. This will be the first general appeal to support Red Cross activities addressed to the British public since the end of the \\ Tar. A sum of £10,000 will be asked for in furtherance of the general activities of the Society, and the greater part of the sum collected \yill be retained by thl: local branches and Llsed at their discretion.

It will be recalled that the Society made a special appeal a few months ago for £40,000 to establish a Red Cross clinic for the treatment of rheumatism. OYer £35,000 has already been received in response to this appeal.

The Societe Francaise de SaLl\ etage, of Paris, alliliat ed to the French Red Cross, the mo -t importanllife- m ing and ambulance society in France, ha, 011 the propositi?l1 of the Baron de Sanla i\Iaria, pre ident of honour of the society for 21 years, conferred the hand :ome of honour and the sih"er medal of the octety of the first class on Dr. Frank 1\1. Hughes, 1\1. D., :'ILR.C , a urgeoncaptain, R . .-\.M.C.(T.), 'l.nd district officer of the Sl. John Ambulance Brigade at Deal.

Queries and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules !-

1. -Letler3 containing Queries must be tr.arked on the lop left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4·

2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the J0urnal, or in case of Que ries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.- The Textbook, to which refe! ence may be made in these columns is the 36th l 19 Edition of S J. A. A. Manual of First Aid.

] SE:-ISlBTLITY \\ ITH EPILEPSY.

R. \V. CWidlles). - Please tell. me in :"hich deg:-ee of hility (s tupor or coma) IS a patient suffering from Epilepsy and if during the fit the eyes respond to touch I ask lhe que s ti o n because it bas been suggested to me that testiJl< Y th e e yes will serve to eliminate sham Epilep sy; I a your advice because the Tt'xlbook is so yague on signs and symptoms of Epdepsy.

\\,ilh Epil e psy los s of con s ciousnes s is comple t e and eyes dn n o t res pond to tOLlch during the fit. The eye test, therefore , is u s eful in di s criminating be tween true and sham Epil e psy Further, with the laUer, "patient" often acti"ely I- esisb ra is ing of lids to prove how unconscious he is! By the way, Epil e psy usually exhibits th!-ee stages: (1) sudden and cOJl1pl e tl: insen s ibility, (2) cOl1vul ions, and (3) automatic or irr esponsible s tage, at end of which there is sudden return of con s ciou s n css - N. CORBET FLETClIER.

EX

.\;\!ll\'ATIO:\

HOWL ER.

E.R. (vV a terloo). In a recent examination the doctor a s k ed a ca ndidat e what tI-eatmenl s he would adopt in a ca se o f Corrosi" e .-\cid Poisoning, and was considerably s urprised when candidate commenced her reply thus : " 1 'lUou ld cerlainly not l{i'l'e an enema.'''

G ood! N ext, pl cas e ! !- N.C. F.

DELlRIl'M TRE:VIEl\'S Af\D FRA CTl'RED LEG.

R. P. (Barro"w in Furness).-In a recent team test we had to treat a man supposed to be suffering from Delirium Tre mens and fractured leg. We beld patient down firmly and tr eated fracture as laid down in Textbook with in s ide and outside splints Our Officer told us that ,,,e should ha\'e begun by tying bolh feel logether as the man could not then kick lest he caused himself pain. I contend thal a delirious patient would not be able to help hims e lf and would be most likely owing to muscular s pa s m to jerk his fractured leg- before splints could be applied. We shall be grateful for your opinion.

Your argument is good and sound; and your method of treatm en t commends itself to me because with two splints you will oblain a better control of the fracluredleg.-N.C F.

H.\.NDKERClll8:FS AS RESPIRATORS.

P. S. (Chesterfield). In the Southern Railway Final Tearn Test, d e tails of which are published in May issue of Fl RST ,\lJ), I nole that marks are given for usi ng handkerchiefs as re s pirators. I am taught lhat handkerchiefs will only s top" lumps" (that is particulate maHer) and smoke, and also that t h ey arc usek ss against Ca l-b on Monoxick. Further, I am wondering why in -hi s test

AI D.- July, 1928

the competitors had reason to s u spect presence of Carbon Monoxide gas unl ess they did so hy deduction frOI11 pra ctica knowl ed ge of possibl e prese n ce of t h is d ead ly gas front the exhaust of a running e n g in e

The u se of h andke r c hi efs as respirators s a pregnant source of danger to would-be rescuers because lhey give a false sense of security and are only of service for condit ions named by yo u Ind eed, the Textbook (I" 132 para. 3) seems to agree with you and lo recommend s uch usc only before entering a building full of smoke."

I agree that t he pr esence of Carbon Monoxide gas could oilly be assumed; but s ur e ly the fact t h at patient was unconsc iou s a nd without any apparent grave injury .vas circu m stant ial evidence of supreme importance and almost equi"a lent to a labe l as to cause of insensibilil.y.-N.C. F.

INJURY TO WRIST.

C. G. (Wakefield).-The other d ay I was ca ll ed to an elder ly lady who cl imb ed a wall, tried to pass a telegraph pole an d fell lo the grou nd. S he com plained of seyere pain in ldt wrist which showed on ly s li ght deformity with some swe llin g I regarded the condition as due to dislocation of carp u s an d was surprised to learn later that on X-ray examination the carpal bones were fo und smashed to pulp I cou ld have understood such a fracture occurring as result of a crush such as might result from fa ll of hea"y weight or pressure of cart wheel hut not as sequel lo a fall.

If an e ld er ly lady falls off a wall and ands on her wrist, I take it that the violence was great and that it is quite possible for sma ll bones to be crushed especially in "iew of the fact that in old age bones become brittle.-N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF TAR SCALD.

H.S. (Chiswick).-Under query of above title published in June issue of FIRST AID you state that oil may be used provided that it is clean. As this is difficult to obtain I suggest that vaseline might be used and submit my suggestion for your kind opinion.

Vaseline, which is obtained as result of distillation of petroleum, does not exert any so lv ent action on tar and cannot, therefore, serve any useful specific purpose with Tar scalds Indeed it was withdrawn from the remedies named in Textbook for treatment of burns and sca ld s by reason of its liability to become germ in fected.-N.C.F.

R UPTURE OF MUSCLE.

A S. (York).-Please tell me if a muscle can be ruptured without any external wound.

Rupture of muscles may occur without external wouncl as result of some spasmo di c muscular effort. A common examp le is rupture of plantaris muscle which is a small muscle in calf of leg and w hi c h may be torn right across during acts of running- or jumping. Treatment is as laid down in Textbook, p. 71. -N C. F

SIGNS OF ApOPLEXY.

M. C. (Brinkworth).-I am to ld t h at a patient may suffe r from Apoplexy a nd yet be fully conscio u s I cannot believe t hi s; and I appeal to you on the point.

In sensib ility with Apoplexy d epends on the degree of pressure within the skull caused by the ruptured blood vesse l, and for practical purposes on the size of vesse l affected. It may, therefore, be abse nt, partial or compl ete; and i t may assist you to know that Epilepsy is the only co ndition named in Text book in which patient 1111.\st lose conscio u sness completel y.-N. C. F

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FIRST AID

for the The Independent Ambulance and Journal Nursing Services.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

EDITORIAL.

DUST

SPECIALISTS

THE Report of Chapter General TIlE ST. J OIIN of the Order of St. John for the year 1927 is interesting in that BRIGADE, 1927. it contains summaries of the work of the Brigade At Home and Overseas, without which the Order would be a small and little-known philanthropic body.

The Acting Chief Commissioner reports that a high state of efficiency exists in the Brigade, that general discipline is good, and that the Brigade continues to increase in units and personnel. Indeed we find that the Brigade has more than doubled its strength si nce 1914 and now touches a highwater mark, numbering as it does-At Home 5Z, 737 (of whom 4,678 are Cadets), and Overseas 8,319. That this increase is necessary is evidenced by the ever-increasing calls of Public Duty in the streets, public spaces, cinemas and other places of amusement proven by analysis of Returns which record that 355,103 cases of accident and sudden illness received attention from members when on duty during 19Z7.

Instruction in transport occupies a prominent place in the work of the Brigade; and the value of such service to the country is inestimable. Thanks to it there has been built up by Officers and Members a transport service of which the Order may not only be proud but also grateful to the Brigade. The saving of hundreds of lives yearly is clue to this efficient organisation which up and down the country at brief notice by day or night can turn out ambulance and trained personnel and that too at little more than cost price, because all members of the Brigade, from Commissioners down to the lowest ranks, give their services without fee or other reward.

Not the least interesting item, therefore, in the Report is the section dealing with the latest form of Public Duty-the Road Service Scheme-the extension of which is only restricted by lack of funds for working expenses. In Cheshire, Cumberland and Lancashire First Aid Posts are established, and patrols often operate two or three miles in each direction. In Kent, Surrey and Sussex the Brigade has erected First Aid Boxes and some 30 mobile Posts, the need and value of which is proven by the 580 cases treated during the latter part of 1927.

The Ambulance Sisters in their turn received practical instruction throughout the country in many civilian hospitals, the authorities of which have learned their value as assistants to their trained staffs, and are always glad to welcome further recruits. Consequent on this training the Ambulance Sisters of the Brigade are rendering valuable assistance to Doctors and District Nurses, more especially in poor outl y ing and agricultural districts, and are proving true to the traditions established in the early days by those pioneer women who first put on Brigade uniform.

Brigade Overseas also reports progress in strength and efficiency, though the Cadet Movement has not increased very rapidly during the year. Scattered throughout the British Empire in Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Ceylon, India, Malta, New Zealand and South Africa, it is carrying on bravely, often in face of well nigh insuperable difficulties; and the Chief Commissioner for Overseas is justly proud of the advance which he records in each section of his report.

\7i/ e cordially endorse the statements of the Chief Commissioners that the present prosperous condition of the Brigade is entirely due to the hard and conscientious work of all ranks, who are worthy of all praise; and we add to theirs our thanks to everyone for their loyal a istance and

co-operation during the past year. Further, we tender our congratulations to the members who in the Brigade At Home during 1927 earned 443 Service Medals for fifteen years completed and efficient service and 2,726 who received the Bar for each five years further efficient serV1ce, and who in the Brigade Overseas won 118 Service Medals and 22 Bars.

Structural Anatomy.

A MORE thorough knowledge of structural anatomy will elucidate much that is contained in the lectures of the First Aid Course, and give you a better understanding for the reasons why certain causes result in the subsequent history of accidents, etc., with which you are more conccrncd.

In the construction of the human body it would appear essential in the first place to provide some dense and solid texture capable of forming a framework for the support and attachment of the softer parts of the frame, and of forming cavities for the protection of the more important vital organs; and such a structure we find provided in the various bones which form what is called the skeleton.

Bone is one of the hardest structures of the animal body; it possesses also a certain degree of toughness and elasticity. Its colour, in a fresh state, is of a pinkish white externally and deep red within.

Nec1/osed 07/ Dead Bone. - On examining a transverse section of any bone, it is seen to be com posed of two kinds of tissue, one of which is dense and compact in texture like ivory; the other consisting of slender fibres and lameIIce, which join to form a reticular structure, this from its resemblance to lattice work, is called cancellated.

Bone is composed ofParts.

Earthy matter, such as phosphate of lime and carbonate of lime", 67 Animal matter 33 100

The outside edge of compact bone is covered with periosteum, which when inflamed causes the disease called Periostitis. The compact bone and the cancellated vary in proportion in different places of a bone. The shaft is almost entirely of com pact bone.

The central medullary cavity contains the medulla or marrow.

The various bones of which the skeleton consists are connected together by ligaments, by which joints or articulations are joined.

Ligaments are strong bands of fibrous white tissue, which surround the approximating hones on

all sides. Anterior, posterior, and latera l in square joints, and capsular in round joints.

White fibrous tissue or ligamentous structure is pliant and nexible, so as to allow of the most perfect freedom of movement; but strong, tough and inextensile so as not read ily to yield under the most severely applied force; it is consequently admirably adapted to serve as the con necting medium between bones.

Covering the skeleton we have the muscles, which are the active organs of locomotion; and which also go to make up and close in the large cavities of the body and thus assist in other functions, especially that of respiration.

The peculiar property of m uscu lar tissue is its contracticity, which not only causes the various movements (simple and combined) of the body and limbs, but also causes the different organs to perform their functions.

There are two varieties of muscle fibre, voluntary and involuntary.

Voluntary muscle is so-called because it is under the control of the will. It is a striped variety and forms the muscles of the limbs.

Involuntary muscle, or unstriped, is not controlled by the will, and is therefore found in other parts, such as walls of bloodvessels, of intestines, in the different viscera, etc., etc.

The actions of tile different muscular fibres is brought about by the nervous system. Each muscular fibre is supplied with a nerve filamcnt which on simulation from the brain or some nervous reflex centre, contracts and produces the particular result required.

Fat consists of little vesicles or cells about 1-400th of an inch in diameter, each com posed of a structUl eless and colourless membra ne, or bag filled with fatty matter which is liquid during life, but in part solidified after death.

The oily matter in the cells is composed chiefly of the ccmpounds of fatty acids with glycerine, and are named oleine and margarine.

The uses of fat are :-(1) Fat keeps up the heat of the body when re-absorbed into the blood. (2) By its want of conducting power it keeps in the warmth of the body. (3) As a packing material, and thus filling up hollows and crevices which would otherwise be perhaps ugly.

When the body begins to waste, as in consumption, fat is the first substance to go-it is easily lost and fairly easily put on. Muscular substance is next absorbed, then the viscera, and l astly, the brain.

The circulatory system comprises the heart, the arteries, the capillaries and the veins It is by this system that the blood is sent rou nd the body, carrying nutrition to all parts and removing again the used-up and worn-out material.

The machine orpump bywhich this mechan ism is carried O\,.lt is, as is known, the heart.

From t he lower part of the heart are gi yen off arteries, a long which the blood courses to enter the capi ll aries, then to the veins and back again to the uppe r part of the heart. The structure of an artery is identica l with that of a vein - five coats (1) Elast ic; (2) Muscular; (3) Fibrous; (4) Epithelial Lining, and with an enclosing sheath. It varies in thickness in different places, and veins generally are much thinner than arteries.

There are valves present in the interior cf veins, which are not present in arteries. The blood in the arteries is reel, and that in the veins, very dark red, or nearly purple.

The substance which acts as thc medium of communication for carrying nutritious material to the different parts of the body, and carrying a "way the effete material is the blood.

It consists of liquor sanguine and blood corpuscles (red white).

There is one white to 500 red corpuscles, and it is eight times larger than the reel.

Red is 1-3500th of an inch in diameter.

The cell wall is tough and elastic, with a clear homogenous contents.

It is doubtful whether the white corpuscles have any true cell wall, nucleated and granular, as well as gifted with amaboid power, 1-2500th of an inch in diameter, they are increased after a meal and diminished by fasting.

Blood has a pecul iar property - that of clotting. Whenever blood passes out of the living vessels in which it is perfectly liquid, in a moment or two it has formed into a clot, whereby it loses its liquid character and becomes partly solid. It is caused by the film of the blood becoming solid. In course of a little time the clot will be found to have shrunk and become more firm, and a thin watery liquid to have exuded from it.

The nervous system is the means by which sensations are transmitted to the brain, and the directing medium by which our actions are carried out.

The nervous system consists of the brain, or cerebrum, and the spinal corel with the ganglia and nerves connected there"vith.

Therefore the term cerebo-spinal system is a very good name to apply to the whole arrangement, that being the centre or receiving station from which all action takes place

The brain and medulla oblongata, the latter is the uniting medium between large brain or cerebrum, l itt le brain or cerebellum, and spinal cord. Nerves are cl ivided into two great classes, motor and sensory The motor nerves being those that cause movements of the muscles, and sensory nerves being those that give feeling to the different parts of the bod y

A ne rve, whether motor or sensory, is a round or A.attened white cord in direct communication \V i th the brain through the spinal coreL The

central portion of a nerve is a perfectly transparent and ,and is usually spoken of as the aX Is cy1ll1der; thlS 1S the essential elements oE the nerve tube; whilst the outer portion which t:-rbe. is usually opaque, and slightly granular. 1 h1s 1S known as the white substance of ?chwann, and is the insulating medium separating 1t from other neighbouring bodies. Outside of this is the transparent enclosing sheaf, or tubular casing The ending of the nerves is interesting.

In the skin they end in "touch corpuscles," or bulb ends, which vary in degrees oE sensitiveness, according to the part of the body they are placed.

Pu blic S e con d a ry Schools Camp. again, as in several years past, the Public Secondary Schools Cadet Association has been greatly assisted in the management of their annual camp by the camp hospital which is fitted out with such excellent equipment for the dealing of almo s t any case of injury or disease which may happen during its fortnight lease of life, including its own isolation tents and dental department.

The hospital itself is usually a roped-off enclosure in the camp ground, containing two ward tents holding at their fullest 2+ in-patients, a dressing tent or out-patients department where, at three times a day may be seen a sick parade of considerable size. The equipment here arrayed on the table is really an excellent scene, nothin g being there for show, everything for use.

A tent is also reserved for the den tal work and is fitted out just as any dental surgery should be including a gas plant, and in charge of a qualified dental surgeon, who is a member of the cadet officers staff.

Surrounding these are se v eral smaller tents wherein the staff live including the medical officer, and a number of cadets who act as orderlies and are receiving instruction in dressing, nursing and first aid under members of the S.] .A.B.

There is also a mess tent wherein the staff receive their meals, and special diets for patients are prepared by a capable cook.

The whole of the hospital is under the supreme control of the medical officer who runs it at his own expense and who is a divisional surgeon off1. well-known East London Division of the S.J.A.B., assisted by a staff, nearly all of "whom are drawn from various other divisions in London and Home Counties, who give a week or fortnight of their annual vacation and go at their own expense to give voluntary services to those who need their aid, and when it is said that the camp itself contains over 2,000 cadets and the hospital has only a staff of approximately two dozen, then it will be realised how well they carry out that olel motto of the S.J.A.B.

Brigade DzstJ/zct Reports.

No. I (Prince of Wales') District.

No. 87, SJlOHEDLTCII Dn lslON.-On Sunday, Jul y 22nd, the Diyi sion held its Annual Church Paradc at St. Lconard s, Shoreditc h somc 80 mcmbers of Ambulance and Nursing Division s being 011 parade. Th e Assistant who was accompanied by Councillor Parry and Lady Dl tnct Officer Mi ss A. l\l. Walker, inspected the para de, expressed his complete satisfaction and congrat ulat ed District Supt. A. R. Hatl ey on its s u ccess.

No. 51 CROYDON DIVlsION. - On July 15th, t he Divi s ion with detachm ents from other Divi sions in the Southern area, paraded at the town hall, Croydon, at 2 p. m., where they proceeded to Duppa s Hill, headed by the White Leaf Prize Band, for inspe ction by the Assistant Commissioner, E. McIntyre (Southern flrea) an d the Mayor an d Mayoress of Croydon.

Tne Mayoress presented a silver cup to Mrs. Edmonds, Croydon Nursing Di\ ision, and the Mayor presented a service medal for 15 years' se r vice ill the Brigade to Pte Kennard, of No. 51 Division.

After the march past the parade was dismissed, and tea was served to officers an d visitors on the ground.

No. 52, BARCLAY PERKINS DIVI SION - The Royal Human e Society have awarded their Vellum Certificate to Private Humphr eys for ga ll antry displayed on April 22nd whpn he dived into the Th ames, rescued a child and then revived her by artificial respiration. The Chief Commissioner in a letter to the Commissioner conveye d his co ngratulations to Private Humphr eys

No. 2 District .

GOSPORT AND A"ERSToKE - B y the help of an entertainment organised by the n1E'mbers of the ur s in g Division, th is Division has been able to purchase a tent and its equipment for public duty, and the badge of the Brigade has been painted on it by a mernber of the Division, Miss iarjorie Chads and by a friend of the Divi s ion Miss Bewley.

Lady Supt. Mrs. Ingles and the members are to be congrat ul ated on this useful acquisition.

No. 3 District.

NEWPORT PAGNELL. - Two members of the Divi s ion last month rend e r ed first aid so effic iently in a case of accident in the town, that when a local do ctor appeared on the scene he complimented them on the satisfactory w ay in which they had dress ed the injuri es The do ctor did not di st urb the dressings.

PETERBOROUGII. - Th e ho s pita in the town was removed last month, to n ew an J more commodious quarters, and the members of the l ocal Division undertook the transport of the patients und er Supt. Se\."ell. This wa s car ri ed out very successfully and to the entire satisfaction of the hospital authorities

EASTERN D1STRl cT.-Great interest was manifested in

Northampton on Saturday, July1-+th, when the Northampton, WeIIingborou g h, a nd Kettering Corps were in s p ected by.the Actin o Ch ief Commissioner, Major-General Sir P erciva l K.C. IVLG., C.B., in the spac iou s grounds of SL. Andrews Ho sp ita l, 650 mcmbers of th e Br igade being 011 Parade.

Sir Per c iv a l Wilkin so n was accom pa nicd by the COI11mi ss ioner of the No 3, Eastern District, Councillor VV. H arvey R eeves, O.B.E., J.P., and the Lady District Supt., Mrs W. Harvey Reeves, A. R. R. C. Th e Parade was in charge of District Officer J . Ca irn s Parke r, whilst Corps Supt. W. H. Percival, Northampton, Corps Supt. J. M. Bailey, Welling-borough, and Corps Supt. Curtis, Kett eri ng, were in charge of their respective Amb ulance Corps Lady District Officer 1VI iss L. E. Mawhy, M .B. E., LadyCorp s SupL. Miss Kate E. Bradford, A.R.R.C., Northampton, Lady Corps SupL l\liss A. Smith, Wellingborough, and Lady Corps Supt. l\lrs. A Wills, K elleri n g, were in charge of the Nursing Corps.

Others present were Assistant Commissioners G. C. W e ll s, and F. Adnitt, County Surgeon L. W. Dryland, Corps Surgeon H. F. Percival, O.B.E., the layoress of Northampton 1\lrs. J. Ro gers (the l ayor wa una\'oidably from aUending and sent an apology) and other prominent residents of Northampton.

After the in spection of personnel, eq u ipmcn t, records, and motor ambulances, Sir Percival, in an exce ll ent address pointed out how with increasing speed of traffic, the daily calls on the members services were continually increasing, and therefore the necessity arose of keeping the Divisions up to strengt h. H e referred to the two si d es of their duty, the lo ca l or civil and the national, and detai Icd :::'OIl1C of the features of both these sections.

T ea ,v as afterwards pl-ovided, the arrang'clllenls being made by Corps Supt. I}..T H. Percival.

No. 4 District.

LIV ERPOOL.-Heavy thunderstorms marl'l'd the ann ua l inspection, which was held on the of the \Vc st Lancashire T err itor ia l Division at \i gburth last month, and the programme of field events had to be curtailed when it torrential downpour forced the parade to break up and take s helter in the m.idst of the march past.

N ea rl y 500 men, nurses and cadets paradeJ under the com.mand of Col. G. C. E. Simpsons O.B.E.,T.D.,F.R.C.S., who was assisted by Corps Officers W. E. Searl, T Pickering, R. C. Gull ive r and Dr, Margaret J oyce (Lad) Corps Supt.).

A further attempt was made to proceed \'vith the forillal in s pcctio n, but rain aga in int ervened and the paradc was t h e n mustered und er cover a nd addressed by the In s pect in g Offic e r.

Before making hi s genC'ral report, Dr. Bentall presented three meda ls. M iss McCabe received the Order of Hon. Serving Siste l- for valuable serv ices r en d ere d to the 1110\'el11ent; Mr s. Fl egg rcceived a lon g se rvi ce medal, and Miss G. Greaves received a lon g serv ice meda l on beh a lf of her mother who h a d recenLly passed away, an d in making this pres e ntation Dr. Bentall paid a tribute to Mrs. Greaves' great work for the Corps.

Addressing the parade, h e sa id there were one or two points about the parade which h a d given him add itional pleas ur e The fLr st was that they had a new division, Exchange Divis ion, which was a lready d o ing good work and a credit to the Corps. He hop ed that every year a new di v i-

- 1<' IRS

s ion would be added. The seco nd point wa s t h e large nUlllber of r ec ruits h e noticed in the malTh past. Thi s was an aspect which made for a h ea lt h y and grow in g Corps, a nd o ne in which a ll co uld he lp by secur in g as m.a ny re c ruits to their own pa r ticu lar divi s ion as po ssib le Another creditab le feat ul-e of the parade was the Cadet Corps of boys and g irl s, and he looked upon that branc h of the movement to be co m e one ot the greatest so ur ces of st rength as it encouraged the younger generation to e nter their ranks.

This was the seco nd occasion they had had a united in s pection, and altho u gh the ir experience "vith reg ar d to the w ea ther h ad not been a happpy one, h e hop ed n future they would be mor e fort un ate a nd w o uld h ave a st ill bigge r parade until they were as v goro u s in We st Lan cas hire as they were in East Lan cs No. 5 District.

NOT"fINGIJ A:lf.-Thc visit of their l\l ajestics the King

T

AiD.

and Que c n to Nottingham durin g the R oya l Show week brought to the notice of the public ill a 'e ry marked degree the cap clbi li ties of the Nottingham Corps, and the \ cry 20 111pl ete wa y a busy week was covered by ambu la n ce men and nur s in g s sters

At the Royal Show during the period , Jul y 7th to 15th in cl u s ivc, there were on dut y each d ay from 10 a. 111. to 8 p.m. one di v is ion a l surgeon, one officer and eight men; and one orflcer and three nursing s ister besides frequent \ is its each d ay by the principal medical officer, Major H. \\'. Spaight (corps s urgeon and supt.); a ls o two se rgeanb with th e alllbulance man 011 duty e\'ery night. DLlring- the time 351 cases were d ea lt with, including fractured pe h 'is, fractured scap ul a, fractured both bones in leg , fractured forearm, man tossed and gored by bull, man torn by b :>a r, etc.

Th e whole arrang e ment s were und e r th e dir ect control of the A sistant Commi A B. Gibson, who wa s \'ery frequently in attendance

H ort/Lall/pton IILdejcll clen t.

The \ll n ual Insp ec tion of the orti1ampton Corps. .

(1) l\ I ajor-Gcncra l ir Percy vVilkin so n in spect ing the ursing Section. (2) g neral. a lut e on Genera l vVilkin so n wi ll be noticed Commissioner R eeves and i\ st. -Commis s ion er I rank Adllltt. (3) The lllspection of the Ambu lance Division. (-+ ) Th e Gencra l in a happy vcin, crac kin g a joke with Commissioner Re eves, on left s Hcadc.Juarters Superintendent W. E. Edwards.

By coltrlcsy

Other duties crowded into a very bu sy week "vas the u s ual compliment at the Nottingham ra ces, staffing the route taken by their Majestie s ; also at the New U niyersity whi c h his Majesty opened; and at \Voodthorpe Grange wh e r e 18,000 children w e re lined up; and, finall y, prO\ iding all flr st-aid arrangements ::tt a large fete and gala organised by the British Legion at 'Noodthorpe Grange. 111 addition Staff Ofn ce r 'o rton with four men patrolled th e main road outside sho\\' grounds fro111 6 p. m. to 10 p.l11. each day, and de a lt \\ ith fourteen cases of persons O\'ercome by the he a t and four minor accidents.

The annual co mpetition for the Gib so n Shield \\'as held in the l\Iarkcl-pl acc on July 22 nd, before a large crowd of s pectators, who greatly appreciated the very practical way the following ten teams approached and treat ed the tes t sets judged by Dr. Crooks. The" patient" informed each team captain h e had s lipp ed and hurl hi s I g, and was standing wi t h hi s righ foot r est ing on hi s left leg \ ery bent at the knee. In slipping he had displaced c artilegc at knee. The re s ult with the Individual, Practical, and Oral te s ts were as follows :-Teal1l s : Central, 12-1-; Carrington, 11-1-; Cinder IIill, 111 ; Bulwcll, 108; V\To llaton, 10-1- Robin Hood, 101 ; City, 92 ; Call1l11cll Laird s, 74 ; Basford, 59 l\lapp e rley, -1-1. Th e \s s istant ComJ11issioner, \. B. Gibson, presented the ::.hicld to the winning and also the league medals and c up s for 1917-18 to City (chrLll1pion) and Carrington (rul1l1 p rup), a nd congratulaled all on their fine \\ ork. The corps ::. urgcon a nd s upL, H. v\'. Spaight was in charge .

No. 6 District.

CONSE TT - The mem bers and friends of tilC Am bulancl' amI 1 ursing Di\ is ions spent a very enjoyable evening on July 18lh in theY.l\l.e.A. Hut, Consett, for the purpose of pre::.enting certificates, etc., to th e successful students of fir st aid and hom e nur s ing classes, and re-examination awards to the members of the Brigade Nursing Division s

During the evening a concert was arranged, which was presided over by Corps Su pt. P. Call1.eron, and 1\1 r. 10rland mad e the pre sentat ion s , s upported by Corps OHicers e. S. Brown, J. Almond, Divisional Supt. J. Price, Ambulance Offi ce rs J. R. Bolam and T. H. Cameron, Lady Supt. Mrs. \)'ton and 1\lrs. Tweed.

No 8 District.

T C:>IBR IDG E "VELLS, - Form e d somewhere about 1880 and as No.2 on the roll at Headquarters, this Division a record of continuous sen-ice 1ajor Lut\\'idge the I1rst Secretary held ledallion 0 , 1-1-, the 11rs t given to a male, whilst Transport Offi ce r W, F. 1\1uffett is the holder of two Nos. H-I-8 and 9 respecti\ -ely, and is still an active J11.ember. The attendance of members at all the imp ortant functions ill London w as always sought, but with the growth of the Briga de in that a r ea the work has b ee n confined to a more local sphere. The record of war-tim e activities by enlistment, training, transport, and nursing, re\'ea ls a splendid sp irit of self- sac rifi ce on the part of all assoc iated with the Division at the time.

The Division is fortunate to ha\ 'e as its lirs t PresiJent Lieut.-Col. e. B. Palmer, K.J., e.B.E., D.L, J.P., ami coupled :Yith t,h e se rvice s o.f Supt. H. G. Whibley is very much al,,-e WIth the traLllLng of Su p e rnul1leries, Polic e, and Scouts, throughout lhe distri ct forming a nucleus which it is hop ed to so lidify in the n ea r future.

On s ide the .two Amhulances CO\'er a very \\ lde raolU s, m'rulable at all tlllle s and in constant u sc, th e almost continuoLls demand for the aUendance of members at a ll the important gatherings in the neighbourhood, and from

Arg ust 19Z5

the many ap preciations expressed it is acknowledged a very high standard of efficiency is being maintain e d.

During the recent visit of the Prin ce of Wales, practically the whole of the personnel tunwd out and with the co-operation of the Nursing Division, some 50 cases were speedily dealt with, many tributes being received of the exce ll ent organisat on.

TU1\'I3!{Jl)GE WELLs. - This year the Di vis ion have rendered s igna l serv ce that h as been of the greatest value to the town and t h e Agricu ltural Show a uthoritie s la st month. They und ertook to "police" the whole of the route from St. J Oh11'S to the show gro und, a nd no l ess than 28 men were on duty, while a motor cycle patrol was estab li shed in conjunction with the motor ambu lanc e Th e men, who were LInder the direction of Supt. H. G. "Vhibl ey, were kept conlantly busy dealing with faints and minor "casua lti es," the majority of which consisted of fainting and heat ca es In add iti on, "aluable assistance was rendered by the Nursing Division of the Brigade, und er the superintendence of Miss \Vaddilov e The nurses included Lady Ho se, of Spc1dhurst, and Miss Carnegey, of Tunbridge "Vells.

No. 9 District.

LY:\TON. - An imp ortant gap in the St. J Ohl1 TranSpllrt Sen ices of Devon ha · been filled by the acquisit ion of an exce ll ent "Dodge" Ambulance at Lynton and Lynl110uth where are situated some of the most famoLls inclin es known to British motorists. The service of pre se ntation and dedication took place outside Lynton Town Hall on August 5th under the presidency of Captain Slater the Chairman of the Council. Among the larg e crow d were the lo ca l Ambulance Division under Supt. P. T. Kimmin s (Association Section Secretary), the Fire Brigade, and the Lifeboat Crew. Thus the three great humanitarian organisation s were s trongly and appropriately represented.

In accepting the ambulance, Dr. Courtenay, Association Chairman and Brigade Divisional Surgeon, paid a tribute to those who so faithfully maintained and the old hor se d \'e hicle, but mentioned how in these d a ngerous days, speed of both response and conveyance were essen tial. After prayers by the Wesleyan l\linister, and a scripture reading by the Congregational Pastor, the Vicar of Lynton dedica.ted the car.

BAR ISTAP LE. - Another orth Devon town \\'hi ce aliYl; to t he ndue of the Order's work is Barnstaplc, where the local [ ssociat ion and Brigade are pri\ il eg-ed with exceptiona lly fine quarters in the Municipal Buildings.

On Jul y 2-1-tl1 a visit of inspection was paid by Commissioner H. V. Miller. The Division paraded under Major S. Gibbs, M.e., Divisional Surgeon, and Supt. Butcher, whil e a vcry strong Cadet U nit was under the comma nd of Cadet Sup!.. Trott.

The In spect ing Officer warmly congTat ulatcd those all parade, 011 the remarkable progress since hi s visit of 1925, and a lso presented Officers' Warrants to those recently appoi nted.

Commissioner Miller further hdd a conference with the Section Committee of the St. John Ambulanc(' Association on future developments, of which there are several of an interesting nature.

MOUNT EIJGCUMBE P \RK. - Th e beautiful scat of the County President of the Sl. John Ambu lance Association Centre, Eclgcumbe P,lrk was the scene of a rally and sports meeting of St. John Cadct. Divi s ions in the lo ca lit\'. Favoured with splendid weather the boy s and g irls had

-FI RST

enjoyable t.ime, about fift ee n ca det unit s being represented. /\. steamer and a larg e motor ho;-tt had t o be c hart e r e d for the ir com'eyance to the parle Th a nks to the e nthu s iaslll and devotion of the orflcers the yout hful ho sp it a ll e r s were without a dull mom e nt.

PLYi\!Q( TT Tl. -A s h o rt timc ;-tgo the Plym outh JU \'e nilc Coullcil h e ld an ex hihition which was opl' nc d h\ II.R,TI. Princess far)" Dam e Grand Cross of t h c The amhulance nnd nursing cndets in the di <;t ri ct arranged it 1110st in s trLlcti\'c propag a nd a sta ll whi c h d e l110n strated the va lue and scopC' of St. J o hn juvcnile \\'ork. Th e royal v is it or s pent a consic1l'rahlc til11e lo o king at the S1. exh ihi ts, an d h er CO l11l11ent s e\'i d e n ce d an exper l kn owil'dg·l of the su hj ec s. [n till' Guildhall-square.' each the Prin cc"sstreet Church bo ys a nd the Sher\\'cll C llLlI ch g irls (hoth teams heing cad et c hampi o n s h o ldin g important trophic" \\'on in co mp e tition s) ga\'e displays to la rge and appreciat i\'c aud ie n ces.

Th e ambulance an d nur s ing perso nn e l in the Plymouth a rea ha ve passe d through a period of particularly st r e nu ous

AI D - 35

a nd h on. -sec retary ,o f Exmouth' Section ,of the - St. J ohn ,\ ssoc iat ion's County Centre, ga\e ;l hi g hl y a ddr ess to t h e R otary Club on the History and ObJc cts of t h e Ord er of St. J ohn. ;\Ilr. Bastin, who- is a Servlllg Brother of the Order, traced the romantic devclopIllent of the 1110,'c mcnt from its ear li est days up to the present. -

Dealing with local work he mentioned how that Col. II. Spackman, the supl. of thc Exmouth Poli ce and Fire Bri gade Di\ i.s io n, was al"o a Sen'ing' Brother \\'ho, sOl11e yt'ars ago, dId Ilotahle piolle'er \\'ork the Brigade in South and helel the rank of Chief Sup/. for the BloemfonteIn Corps. Suhsequent to the ad d ress warm trihute was paid hy prominent R otarians to the \\ 'orth of 1n "pector Bastin, and tn the "en'icC's of the Order in EXlllouth \\'here there arc li\'e adult and jU\'Cllilc units.

SALTASIl.-COLlllty Officer T. Perkins conducted the annual in s pec tion of he Saltash \l11bulance Diyi s ion, The pnrade wns under Supt. S. 'N. Pryor. 0IUlllerOUs exacting tests were carried out successfulh:, the or/icers and members Rain i ng the cO llllllenda t ion of the inspecting

Tunbridge "VeIls Di"ision.

duty in co nn ect ion wi h the "Ci\ ic "Y ee].;: " fesitiYities and the , y is it of II. R. II. Prin cess l\[ary, somet im es e\'ery a\'a d ab e orflcer a nd m e mh e r being n ee d ecl. In a dditi on to the perman e nt ambulance a nd nur s in g dep ots, a T e nt i \ic.1 Po sL hil S been in st ituted al the seas ide, a nd this i s heing k e pt open all the holiday s Up to t he timc of \\'fitin g abo ut 1 60 cases hm 'e b ee n atten d e d at the tent.

Pu b lic Duty on an extens iv e scale w as undertaken nt ·the "'Tes t Country Guides Rall y at the Roy a l Nm'a l B a rra cks, D evo np o rt when Prin cess l\Lary r ev iewed se\'era l t hous a nd gi rl s. Jn co-operation with th c ayal a uth o ritie s a hospital was Iitted up near the parad e ground. Some s tretc h e r teams \\'l're d eta il e d, s xty S1. John Si sle r s w e r e on dLlty, a nd goo d ll SC was made of hoy and g irl cadets for orderly dut y over the \'(lst area. The day was OIlC of tropic a l heat, so, despit e great carl' on the part of thc authorities, there wcr e 400 casual tic s ; but fortunately the Illajorit y were s li g ht a nd reClw e red after hl-icf rest and treal nll'nL Th e St. John Stair OfTi ce rs rc s pon s ibl e for arrangcments were Coullty Co III 111 is"ionet" T. Pengelly, Lady County Onic e r l\lr s. B a ls clon, a nd Co rp s Supl. \\'. F. PL'lhick (Borough of PIYlllouth Cl)rp")'

EXMOUTIJ. - In s p ec tor J . Ba s tin, D evo n Constabulary,

officer. .-\ "is it was also paid to the site granteu by the Corporation for the new amllLtlance po t.

No. 10 District.

BB:CCLES, - The first in.:;pection of this Di\ ision took place on Jul y 18th, Hossack and Dr. S. O. Eades being the in pecting ollicers, together with Lady District Supl. :\1 r.. Porler ,1I1el Lady Di..,trict Ollicer rs. lIaggar. The inspection hm ing bcen made, the ;\[ayor saiel the c\'e nin g \\'as unique in thc history of Becclcs, and they were pn1 uel that, sma ll town as it was, h ey '\'e re able to be in the position of "'elcoming the distinguished l)n1cers of the Bri gade.

IpS\\ ICTT - Thc funera l took place in Jul y at Ipswich Ce lllclery, of Mr •\rlhLII- Camlllel!. :\1 1', Camlllc il had heen a III Illhcr for many years of the BI-iga ck.

FWST [ \1D CL, \ SS FOR cIa"" for nwn of No, 7 Di \' ision ( Popl ar Section) will be held at St. Fricl('s\\-ides II a ll Lodorc-"treet, P op lar, E.1-1-, on Thursday, 27th September, at 8 p. 111

Priory for Wales.

Al\IBULA Ch VVORK IN WALES. THE annual report of the Principal Secr:,tary Comm ission e r for \ Va les for the year 1921, now 1I1 print bears testimony to the increasing response of th'e peopl e of Vval es to the Order' s appeal for public service. Extension and uevelopment \.vas recorded in every department. The followlI1g observations on the activities included under the heading of Ambulance Work, are of interest to readers of this J ouma!.

Each yea r , since the inception of the Priory, there has been a substant ia l increase in the number of am bu lance efficiency awards issued. The comparative figures, for the past eight yea rs, given helow, in d icate t h at eve r y effo rt h as been made to keep pace with the g rowin g frequency of accidents ;-

it has risen from 5,000 at the end of 19 20 to 8,282 at December 31st, 19 2 7. •

In addition to the usual forms of public duty , now recognised as part of the :-,oluntary of the Brigade, its member s ha ve g Ive n theIr se rv Ices in connection with the Motor Ambulance Transport Service. The Prior y's fleet of am bulance cars travelled over 79,000 miles during 19 27 . A standard type- of car was al:d ge l:eral improvements effected. The IS ofiiclally recoa-nised by the Home Office and IS referred to by Dr. A. J. Cr?nin, in his reP.ort to the Health Advisory CommIttee of the Ml11es D epa rtment, dated August, 19 27 , in he it " unlimited facilitie s to any colhery wh Ich s ub sc nb es to its scheme."

PROGRESSIVE WORK OF THE NEATII CORPS.

August 19 28

Comm issioner to Si r H e rb e rt and L a d y L ew is for their visit, and to Dr. C. Armstrong [ or a llowin g the in s p ect ion to be held in his grou nu s

AMBULANCE CONTESTS AT P ONTYPRIDD

The annua l ambu lanc e competitions in conn ection w it h t h e Pontypridd Su b-Di st ri ct of the Glamorgan County Centre of the Priory took p lace at M isk in Manor on Saturday , 14th Jul y, at t h e invitation of Mr. E. L. Hann ( reg ist ra r of the Priory) and Mrs. H a nn.

Mrs. H an n presented the rose bowl, and -:\f rs. Bruc e the indi v idu a l cup.

PORTHCAWL I NSPECTIOT\.

Gratitud e IS expressed to the voluntary assistance of members of the medical profession; hundred s of whom are lecturing gratuitously to clas ses in First Aid and Home N ursi ng, and it is no exaggeration to say that this assistance has been one of the m a in contributions to the development of the ambulance movement. Their appreciation of its va lu e to the whole community has persuaded the majority to regard it as charitable work rather than a business proposition, and the Priory is proud to have the names of these medical men inscrib ed on its roll of Honorary Life Members.

The Prior y has used its influence as the \Velsh National Ambulance Or ga nisation to advance the science of First Aid in all directions. It concentrated last year chiefly on the necessity for the provision of first aid equipment on public service vehicles such as motor omnib uses and char-a-bancs, and the training of the drivers and conductors in ambulance work. The views of the many authorities were obtained, and whilst the majority are in sympathy with the principle, it is apparently, a matter which can only be effectively dealt with by legislation. It is probable, the attention of the House of Comm o n s will be drawn to the matter at an early d ate

Increase in the membership of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in Wales has been a feature of each successive year's work of the Priory, and

The annual in s pe ct ion of the Neath Corps on Saturday, 2 1st Jul y , was a demonstration of the a-rowth of the work of the St. J oh n Ambulance b Bri a-ade in Wales. The corps assem bled ne a r the h Star Hotel, Cry nant, and were an ImpOSIng procession as the y marched to the inspection g round at Gelli Cr y nant, the r esidence of Di v is ional Surgeon' Dr. C. Armstrong. Sub-Commissioner D. M. Evans Be va n was in command, w ith Staff Officer A. J. Esmond and Corp s Officcrs J. Richards, W. T. Richards , D. J. John , and J. Phillips in attendance Nearl y 500 memb e rs paraded, a nd the units represented were :-Ambu lance Divisions; Briton Ferry, Onllwy n Seven Sisters, Crynant, Glynneath, Skewen, Aberdulais, Cwmgwrach, Resolven, Neath, Maesmarchog, and Cadoxton. Nursing Divisions (Ambulance Sister L. in charge): Briton Ferr y, Onllw y n Seven SIsters, Aberdulais and Resolven. Cadet Di v isions (Ambulance Officer T. J . Jenkin s in charge); Glynneath, Cwmgwra ch, Onll wyn Seven Sisters, Cadoxton, Skewen, Aberdulais, Resolven Maesmarchog, and Briton Ferry.

The inspection was conducted by Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K.B.E. ( Commi ss ion er for Wales), who was accompanied b y L ady Lewis, O. B.E., Lt.-Col. W. Bickerton Edwards, C.B. E ., and Mrs. Edwards, Dr. and Mrs Armstrong, Mr. E. Evans Bevan, Mr. and Mrs. Moe, the Vicar of Crynant, Dr. J. P. Prell, Dr. J. McClure, and Dr. S. McClure. The in spect in g officer sa id the Brigade was one of the few movements in the coalfield which, despit e the disastrous indu s trial conditions, had made excellent progress. He was proud to say that eight new division s were formed in the Neath Sub-District in 19 27 The Neath district had become one of the strongholds of ambulance work, and the local Corps had s upplied more recruits than any other branch in Wales for the Military Hospitals Rc se rve. He congratulated the Sub-Commissioner and hi s ofiicers on their hard work during the past year.

Votes of thanks were accordcd b y the Sub-

Amo n g those present we re Mr. and Mrs. E. L. II ann, Mr. A . G. Brown (Gene ra lM anage r of the Great Western Colliery), Mr. J. W. Davison, M.B E (Sub-C ommiss ioner of the Pontypridd Sub -Di strict) and Miss Davison, Sir Herbert and Lady Lewis (Comm iss io n er a n d Deputy. Lady Supt. for Wa les r espect ive ly), Capt. r. E. RIchards (Comm iss ione r [or the Rhondd a) , and Gerald Bruce.

Drs. Washington Evans ( \Van twit Fardre), Tudor \ Vi lli ams (C ilf ynyddd), vVilIiams (G ilfach Goch), D. R. Thomas (Taff's \ Ve Il ) , and T. \Va ll ace, Jr. (Cardiff), adjudicated in the contests for the men and nurses respectively.

The winners of the Challenge Shield were the Marit im e No.1 team (Captain, John H obbs), with marks, Tonyrefail coming seco nd, and Cilfynydd third.

Four Nurses' teams entered for the Ro se Bow l , Cilfyn ydd No :2 bein g the victo rs w ith 138 marks The captain of the team was 1\lrs. ( Dr. ) Wi lli ams Next in orde r came Cilfynydd No .1, Cwm, and Pontyclun.

The Washina-ton Evans Indi v idu a l Cup was secu r ed b y A . W. Lewis (Tonyrefail) with 701 marks. He was followed by A. \V. Williams (Gilfach Goch), Sergeant J onh, \V ester.n Railway (Pontypr idd ), and I vor \ V dltam s (Mantime No . 1).

Sir Herbert Lewis h anded warrants of appointment to seve ra l officers in the Tonyrefail and GilEach Goch Divisions and complimented the men. He also expressed on behalf of those pres e nt deep apprec iation of the kindness of .Mr. a nd _ 1\lrs. Hann Mr. H a nn took a keen l11terest 111 the Ord e r of St. John, and had been appointed an Execut ive Officer of the Prior y

Mr. Hann, in presenting the shield and medals to the s ucces s ful team said it was difficult for those who had little to do 'with collieries to reali se t he e normous value of the work carried out b y the a mbul ance m en for the benefit of the mining community. . The excellence of the duties it performcd made him feel very proud to be a n officer. There must be something encouragIng about the work, beca u se so me of the straightest a nd best men in the collieries belon ged to the St. John Ambulance.

Members of the Ambulance, Home J:T ursing, a nd Cadet Di v isions of the Aberavon, Ll \'Ilfi Va ll ey, a nd Br id gend and Di st rict Corps of the St. J ohn Am bulance Brigade, paraded at POl-thca\\ Ion Saturday, Jul y 14 th, for the Annual Inspection by Sir Herbert Lewis, K. B. E , Commissioner [or Wales. Sir H erbert was accompanied by Lady L ew is Comm issioner E. D. Jones, Llanel1y; Sub-Commissioner Lemuel Jon es, Port Talbot; Staff O fficers B. E . Maberly, Cardifr; D. C. \ iV illi ams, Ogmore Vale; Morgan \iVeeks, Port Talbot; D. 1\1. Jones, Brynmenin; G. Barnet, O gmore Vale, and Dr. T . J. Bell Thomas, Corps Surgeon, 1\laesteg, were present.

The parade, headed by the Pontycymmer Silver Band, marched from the Eastern Promenade to Lock's Common, where Sir Herbert, after the in spection, complimentedSub-Commi ssioner Jones, and the officers and members of the various corps, upon a fine turnout. 1\1r. Lemuel Jones done a ll he cou ld to increase the strength of the Bng-ade, to get new Di visions formed, to revive old ones, and the Priory was pleased \nth \york he had accomplished. Hc knew what sacnfices had been m ade b y the members, and he ,, ' as proud to know that they had the cause so much at heart.

Pickersgill CUp Compet ition.

TH E 23 rd annual ambulance competition for the Pickersgill Ch a ll enge Cup and prizes was held at York on Jul y 26th

Dr. R. Fell, of York, adjudicated, and four teams competed. _

Mr. J. J. Hunt, who presented the congratulated every. competitor the splendId work performed dUrIng the competItiOnS, and commented up on the amount of wo:k that must ha\'e be en put in to acquire the hIgh standard and efficiency. Mr. Hunt referred .to. the great done b y the Ambulance ASSOCIatIOn, and how It h e lped the hospitals.

Mr. Hunt presented the teat?s 'nth prizes: Neville Hill, 95 1 pts. 1 Cup winners); Starbeck, 91 pts.; Leeds PolIce, SJ:! pts. -d )ag-e 3 of our l<1-;t

We regret that an crror occun e on I - I t l L'cIe" The Annual Fe tiyal of the Order, Issue. n le elr I l' I " _ Lalecl "t h e Grand Prior a lso in\'cstecl With lClr Susan Du c h ess of Somcrset and thc HOIl. Lady CecIl" followed a l ong li st of names. The_c PI\.:ccded by t h e ,yords "AmongsL tho e present" ere. ____

When corresponding with advertisers kindly mention "FIRST AID ,"

Ratlway Ambulance News.

Great Western.

The August issue of the G. 'iV. R. Magazine O" ives particulars of a happening which illustrates fhe value of ambulance knmvledgc. On ,iVhitMonday last at a gathering of over a thousand spectators a race horse ran amuck among the crowd, injuring five persons. To medical assistance was available at the spot, but Ir. T. J. Thomas, the local railway ambulance class secretary, was fortunately present, and he was called upon to administer first aid to the injured, three of whom subsequently require medical treatment. No other trained ambulance worker "was present to assist 1\1r. Thomas, hut the medical officer who subsequently received the patients paid the highest tribute to the efficient and skilled assistance Mr. Thomas rendered.

The G,'iV.R. Ambulance Centre has lost an ardent supporter by the retirement of Mr. J. J. Connelly, of the Locomotive Department, Bristol. Mr. Connelly was one of two brothers who did much for the furtherance of first aid knowledge at Bristol. Both were Honorary Serving Brothers of the Order of St. John and had many years efficiency to their credit. 1\1r. W. E. Connelly died in larch, 1924. Mr. J. J. Connelly obtained his first aid certificate as long ago as 1888, since when he has annually maintained efficiency. He repre-

way service with the G. 'iV. R. in February last (prior to which he was Divisional Ambulance Secretary for the London A Division), has recently been appointed to the position of Superintendent of the Paddington (G. W.R.) Division Prince of 'Vales (No.1) District of the Brigade in succession to Supt. A. E. Evans. The appointment, which will doubtless prove to be a popular one, will afford Mr. Go[[rey the opportunity to exercise those unique organising abilities, the' possessor of "which he demonstrated so fully during his ten years of of-fice as Divisional Secretary.

Among recent admissions to the Order of St. John are the following, all of which have been selected as Serving Brothers of the Order as the result of recommendations made through the Great ,iV estern Railway Central Ambulance COI1lmittee:-

Dr. C. R. Lunn, (Lecturer), Olten, Binning-ham.

Mr. A. Barrington, Locomotive Dept., Cardirr. ;JbL Mr. G. Allett, Engineering Dept., Wolvcrhampton.

ri Mr. 'iV. G. Bevan, Traffic Dept., Swansea.

Mr. A. Hooper, Locomotive Dept., Swindon. !J In addition to the above Mr. VV. Jones, Locomotive Dept., Cardiff, and Mr. 'iV. E. Harries, Engineering Dept., Whitland, have each been awarded the Vellum Vote of Thanks of the Order.

The G. W.R. Co. 's gold Quarter-century efficiency medal has been specially awarded to Mr. T. Davies, late of the Street Dept., Worcester, who, retired [rom railway service, sti ll maintains his first aid efficiency and elevotes a large proportion of his leisure to the instruction of beginners in first aid methods.

l\Ir. J. J. Connelly.

sen ted the Locomotive Department on the Bristol Divisional Ambulance Committee from the inception of the divisional organisation in 1913, and is one of the proud possessors of the G.W.R. Quarter-century efficiency medal, awarded in 1926.

The best wishes o( his many friends in the ar:nbulance movement go with Mr. Connelly into hIS well-earned retirement.

Mr. \"1. Goffrey, who retircd from active rail-

London and North Eastern.

The blue riband of L.N.E.R. Ambulance trophies was held at the Mechanics Institute, Stratford, on J Llne 29th, when the two teams who competed in the Inter-Railway Competition in May in London, under the allspices of St. John meL the two teams who took highest places in the Scottish Railways Final under the auspices of Sl. Andrew, and Dr. W. Gray, of West Hartlepooi, judged the stretcher work, whilst Dr. Dryden Moffat, J r., of Glasgow, took the individual tests,

August, 1928

and after a keen competition the result was declared as follows :-

Gorton (G.C.), 143; Dundee (Southern Scottish), 132; Parkeston (G.E.) and Aberdeen (Northern Scottish) equal, 130. .

Mr. Alex. Wilson presided at the presentation, and l\Ir. 'iVillial11 Whitelaw presented the shield to the winning team and congratulated the Gorton team on their Sllccess, and wished the ambulance movement on the system every SLlccess, and spoke of the valued help rendered in the Darlington accident. l\f r. \iVil son moved, and Mr. F. Smith seconded a hearty vote of thanks to Mr. Whitelaw [or presenting the shield.

Several officers of the Company witnessed the competition, and 1\1r. Geo. Jackson (N.E. Area Secretary), acted as the Com petition Secretary.

On July 5th the members of the Cliburn Class met at the Clifton Moor Station, when Mr. Driver presided, and l\I r. Geo. Jackson presented the awards received at the recent examination, and spoke of the continued interest in the ambulance work of the Centre, and wished all success to the class. Quite a number of points were raised by the members, and cleared up the General Secretary.

On July 6th the Leeds (II unslet) C. & W. Class met at the New Station to receive their awards. "Cdr. G. Carr presided, and spoke of the valuable work the men rendered in cases of accident at the 'Vorks. J\Ir. Geo. Jackson presented the awards obtained in the recent examination, and gave some interesti ng particulars of the work of the Centre, and wished the class further success in their class and competitions.

Mr. G. Carr handed a very handsome table clock to Dr. Charles on behalf of the class as some small recognition of his valued labours to them, and Dr. Charles, in thanking them, referred to many pleasant times he had had amongst them, and promised them any help he could render them.

The Newcastle District Council at their annual meetin CT held at Berwick on July 7th, which was by delegates from all over the district, aloncr with the General and DisLrict Secretary, beb h fore closing the meeting, passed a vote of sympat y and condolence with the killed and injured in the Darlington accidcnt, which was passed by all standing in silellce for two min utes.

It is interesting to llote that the Gorton Loco. team, who won the L.N.E.P. Shield this have WOll and hold the following trophies in addItion: thc Great Central Shield, the Inter-Railway Shield of the S.J.A.A., flnd the l\laclure cup; all won in open competition.

N.E. AREA.

The an nual meeting of ' the Centre was held at Darlington on July 29th, when Mr. G. H. Oakes (HUll) presided, and the: General Secretary (Mr. Geo. Jackson) presented the annual report, in which he stated that 74 classes have been formed during the year.

The numbers]who have passed examinations are :- First, 338; second, 26J; third, 191; labels, 862; making a total since the formation of the Centre in 1896 of-fi rst, 11,5 23 ; second, 6,336 ; third, 4,876; labels, 7,208; and 71,174 accidents were dealt with, making a total since January, 1896, of 997,771.

The of the Centre is still going strong, and there are good prospects of another successful session.

The competitions produced 38 teams, but unfortunately not one succeeded in getting into the Inter-Railway competition this year.

The officers elected for the ensuing year were Mr. George Davidson (Divisional General :\lanager, York), President, r. G. H. Oakes (Hull),

."\

Chairman; l\1r. S. Hardwick (Darlington), ViceChairman; and Ir. Geo. Jackson, Business dealing with the competItIOn and the O"eneral welfare of the Centre was dealt with. b London,

Card i.-You have just arri\'ed on duty and are in the porters' room at the station of a mall town.

Feeling very cold, you hm'e pushed the table out of the

\\':ly and haH' dnt\\'n up a cha ir to thc lire to warm yourself, \\'hcn you hear a crash and cries of distrcss coming from the direction L)f the station front, about 25 yards away, wherc the glass archway lwer the entrance is in CO Lirse of bcing l'leancd and ,"cpaired.

The tin1<' is 6-5 a ,n1., and you arc alone; but you know that:: our captain and t\\'o other ambulance men will be arri\'ing on duty by the train due in at 6-12 a.m., platform 1 '0. 2

Small hospital in thc to\"11 about a mile a\ya\".

,\Iotor ambulance at thc fire stat ion also a mile away, Telephone, :-,tretcher and a mbulance appliance; In office.

AI D. - August, I928

position, l1leanwhile steadying the lilllb by holding the ankle and foot. Telll poral'y bandages to legs, ankles and knces 5

Treatmcnt of shock, as the ci rcumstanccs' perlll iL" 5

Preparation for transport, pati e nt securely fastened on stretcher '9

Loading on tretcher and remoyal from ... 22

Immediately transport ""ithout halting to portcr's room 9 In the meantimc the following ought to haye been done :-

Telephonc Illcs sage Lo hospiLal in town

Telephone message to Fire station for ambulance

Telephone message to doctor if availcl'ble

Quick preparation of porter's room

Hel p e r s i n H ygiene. *

By ANDRKw BALFOUR, C B., C M.G , M.D Director, School if lfyg-t'ene and Tropical lVledicine,

LET us, greatly daring, parody the "immortal William" and say :-

"To help or not to help; that is the question; Whether 'tis nobler in thc end to sufrer

c\t once proceeding in the direction of the cries

Tactful questioning of the bystander 3 3

Carel 2 (gi\'cn by hystander whcn asked questions).The hystander informs you that he is a fricnd of the injurcd man and that hc li\'es next door to him, and that he himself is o!r \\'ork with. a I?roken ann. He tells you that he was calling out to hiS fncnd that he had brolwht his breakfast \\'hel1 his slipped and fell from the on ",hich \\ ,t:-, working, on to the scaffo ldin g. He thinks that he is bauly hurl.

of scaffold as to strength 2

CIIIllbll1g on to scaffold (ladder) 2

, C.ard 3 (placed on patient).-The paticnt is lying as you Imd hll11, about a foot from the edge of the scalTold he is pale, quite capable of questions: He hruLthlng 111 a normal manner, his pulse is \\'(;'ak and II II: crying out with pain, complaining of it

CSI1L'clally III hls nghtleg, whi ch he thinks is "broke."

:'here is a \\'ouncl about one inch lon g, of the left temple, Just In front of and a.lxwc the le\'e l of the ear. Blood is l1o\\'ing freely from this wound. The eft thumb is a lmo st o.;c\ered, there h?ing a large gash, extending down almost to the hase of the 11rst metacarpal, with sevcrc bleeding.

Brief c'(;tmination of injured man '"

llhtructi ng h) stander to run La platform 2

1. To mL'c1 6-12 train

1. \\ "<L rning thL' three that t heir

SL'n iLL'S arc required at the station clltnllll'C 3 .•\Isll that strdeber and appliances will be

11eCeSS(ln

Cautioning the againsL' ;no\'cll1enl';Llld in'" him

pt arrest of

l' 0 Idt temple, digital pressure on pressure point 3

h-()rn the left thumh, hy prompt flexion

Instructing paticnt to maintain Hexion with his right hand an'li' bandage '(irnpro\ iseclj'on pllint ,) by lL'mporal'y bamlcLgc

Lll\ enng up \\ 'o unds temporarily

Treating cOl11plainecl of by the

IS arrested, by gi\ ing tea from basket, \yhlCh also has some handkerchiefs in it

\\'hik wi.th the a.rrest of bleeding rcpeat to the patient against 1110\ emenl, es p ec ially of the lo\\'er limbs

E:-;(lillinatioll of leo' noting"

Pnsitilln (unnatural)

Gkcdillg' (none) .,.

DdoJ'll1ity (yes)

\\'here (midway hcl\\ cen knee and ankk)

Pain (se\'ere)

Crepitus (ye..,) ... ...

Cnnatural I1lohility (yes)... :::

I'TL'gularity (the end of fracture can he felt unc.ler the skin)

Gently drawing the right foot down into its natural

Patient's friend told to stand by and take a tactful ll1e ssage homc when given one rrival in thc porter's room.

Treatm e nt. vVound of left tcmple.

Carefully exa mine...

No foreign bodies, no fracturc

i \pplication of iodine solution

Sterile hard pad and dressing after releasing tl'Il1j10r,,;.; pad and band age

Test clTlcienc), vVound of left til u 111 b

Examination of \\'ound for foreig'l1 bodies

Cleansing if nece ssary

Clean sterile cJt-essing: and bandage ... :::

Carefully applied cork rads on radial and ulnar <l rLcriL's (left) .... .. .

Releasing llexion to test their eHiciency

St. j 011l1's sling

Treatm e n t of fracture of right kgbut n.ol rCll1o\ ing templ1rary

Carefully steadYing and s upporting right fuol ,1I1d allkk' "\pplication of splints (l\\'o)

Bandages (five)

General trcatmcnt

Enquiries as to patient's health ""ith regard to fainting attacks or cpi ll'p:oy '" .:.

Noting anye\'idence Lhat \\ ould leae.! YOU to sLispect l1r the onsc1 of cOlllprcss'io n COl1dition Llf pupil..,

State of breat hi ng

[)resl' nce of paraly:-,i"

Colou I' of face to \'cntilatiol1 of roo III

Trcatll1g s ho ck and exposure by keeping comfllrtabh'

warm

Gi\'ing s uitable te;t:' coffee, sa'1' olatile 3

Guarding' again:-,t recurrence of 3

Prqmrati on for transport horne or hll::,pital' 1 ,Card 4. - '\\That i s your c.liagno ::, is of the patiL'nt'::, condition vVounc.b with h ;:emorrhage of thc left lcmple \:To und s with ha:morrhage of the left thuillb

The ills and maladies wlzz'clz sore beset us, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing them? "

evening, I would rather cite a passage in his "Vita Medica," that autobiography which he completed in 1896, two hours before he was seized with fatal illness He has therein a chapter entitled' 'Efforts towards theExtinction of Disease,"wherein he says: "The best idea, therefore, is that the disturbance or catastrophe called disease-ex cluding accidents-is not simply to be met by treatment, although that may be necessary and beneficial) but is to be prevented, and that with so much perfection that it shall altogether become!extinct, or remain as a mere historical ghost." - -

Another prophet, although possibly a somewhat optimistic one, who happily is still with us, was the distinguished zoologist, Sir Ray Lankester,

Sllnplc fr.acture of middle of the right leg, the cert<unly, probably also the fibula Shock

7 Septcmber 26th, at 6.30 p.m., No. 1 (l of W.) will hold a series of classes aL SL. jame,s Clc,'k-:nwell Green, E.C. j. Applications to the Class Scel'cta ry, Sergeanl \u s lin, 36, Totlcnllilll Road Palmers GI-ecn, N.13, or 1\11'. Fincham, Spa \\'ork s, ;.Ill! hampton Row, E. C.t.

"THE PLUMBER & J O U R NAL OF HEATING" s . mo n t h ly) is THE p a pe r f o r a ll progressive tradesmen Publish i ng Office 6, Cannon Street E . C... .

"By opposing end them." "Ay, there's the rub," as Shakespeare exclaims in "Hamlet" a little later. True, he is speaking of mental trouble . His second line, unaltered, runs, "Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer," while to-day the prevention of both mental and bodily ailments must form our theme if we are to consider adequately the campaign that has been waged and is being waged in the great cause of public health, a campaign in \... hich your support is desired, both for your own sakes and [or that of the visi tors who flock to your attractive island. Is it possible by active opposition, by a well-organised campaign, to exterminate those diseases which dog mankind from the cradle to the grave, some of which are indeed operative before his cradle days and which, even when the grave has claimed him, may continue to plague his offspring, having been transmitted from parent to child? The answer is that, in everyone of those maladies about which we are well informed, and more especially in the case of what are called communicable diseases, it is in many instances possible, if only we had the courage, tenacity, enthusiasm and, let me add, unselfishness to cope with them properly, and if the public were so educated and became so en 1ighlcned that, in all grades of society, there was a vast army of helpers, instead of, as at present, many who help and more who hinder. Happily, this proportion is yearly growing less, and ere long the helpers will outnumber the hinderers. Even so, it will take many years before our opposition to diseases will end them. Yet in certain directions the goal is in sight and the dream which has been dreamed by several great "helpers in hygiene," as they may be called, is no longer to be regarded as a fantasy or a vague am bition.

The remarkable changes which the last fiveand-twenty years have witnessed would have heartened one keen helper in hygiene, the late Sir Benjam inWard Richardson, a Victorian pioneer and somewhat of a seer in his day. He was the author of a notable book, en titled' 'The Health of 1'\ ations," which all those interested in the history of hygien ic endeavour should study, but, for our purposes th is

._----

* An Address Linder the auspiccs of the Isle of Red Cross Societ) aL the conclusion of HealLh vVeek, March -+th, 1928.

when he wrote, a good many years ago, that if we could only apply our present I-no\Yledge properly, all communicable disease could be stamped out 111 the short course of fifty years.

Now, neither of these men, shrewd, scientific, and well - informed, would have ventured to make such statements unless he had good reason for believi n 0' them to be true. They had good reason, for within the lifetime of each, a \ 'eritab le revolutiol; had been wroll o'ht in our kno\\·lec.1ge of the causes and spread of °those \\ 'h ich can be transmitted from man to man or from some lower

Supt. \V. C. vVath of the Beccles Di\'ision,

animal to man, with or without the aid of an intermediary; in other \vords, indirectly or directly.

It was the work of Pasteur, the greatest helper hygiene has known, which succeeded in dragging into the light secrets which had lain hidden since the beginning of things, secrets which men had from time time suspected, which some of them had even explored to some extent, but the true significance

of which eluded mankind until the genius of the (l'reat Frenchman revealed the rnystery of t.he microand showed the part which lowly forms of play in human, animal and plant pathology. IIard on his heels came Koch, and, as a malady with a direct transmission from man to man, we may take pulmonary tuberculosis, the causative oro'an ism of which he discovered and thereby enabled to fio'ht the o'reat white in a manner for- o b <.J merly impossible. For an example of a disease where the tranSl11 ission is z'lZdired, let us turn for a moment to the tropics. lanson, working at filariasis in China, discovered that the filaria bloodworm was transmitted from the infecte 1 person to the noninfected through the agency of a mosquito. He thereby introduced a new and most i m portan t idea into tl;e domain o[ human pathology, namely, the necessary intervention of a blood-sucking insect as a vector or carrier of infection and as a host for a parasite causing a human disease; a host, in the tissues of which the parasite had to undergo a certain development before it was able to enter the body of a second human being and therein reproduce the disease of which it is the cause. In the fullness of time this idea was, at :\Ianson's instigation, applied by Ross to malaria, with the result that the mystery which had for so long shrouded the life-history of that devastating disease was finally dispelled, and new methods for its control and prevention were discovered.

It is, of course, as a rule, easiest to master a malady when, as in the case of malaria or plague, which was such a terrifying enigma to our ancestors, we know both the pan.sitie cause and the method of transmission, but in some instances, though we are ignorant of the cause of a disease, our knowledge of how it is transmitted enables us to cope with it effectively. The most outstanding example of the benefit of such partt'al knowledge is to be seen in the case of yellow fever. The actual cause of "yellow Jack" remains a matter for conjecture, but, thanks to the work of Reed and his colleagues in Cuba as the last century was drawi ng to a close, we know for a certainty that a specics of mosquito is the vector of the virus or poison, whatever that may be, and as the habits of this mosquito make it comparatively easy to deal with, at least in t.he New World, a great triumph has been won and the dreaded [ever of ships and seaports and of sailors, as well as of other classes of the comm unity, is no longer, as of yore, a scourge and a menace. Now the tropics are far away, and you may say t.o yourselves, "Qu ile so, all that is no doubt in teresting, but it leaves us Cl little cold. Can t.he matter not be brought home to us?" Of a surety it can. Indeed, this vas done for the olle type of disease when plague was mentioned, for bubonic plague used to ravage England. It has vanished from this country, and nowadays, even if occasionally it is introduced from abroad, the full knowledge we

August. 1928. -FIRST

possess regarding its cause, the plague bacillus, and mode of spread, from rat to man through the agency of the rat-flea, enables us to view the presence of a few cases at some port like Liverpool or Glasgow with equanimity. IIowever, let us cite also typhoid fever, onee common enough in all conscience, now rare, and becoming rarer because we know that it is due to the Baet'llus typlwsZls, and we know that this organism reaches man through the medium of food or water to which it has gained access, directly or through fingers or flies, from the source of infection, and, knowing these things, we have and we exercise the power of prevention.

For the other type of disease, that for which yellow fever stands pre-eminent in the tropics, we may take spotted or typhus or gaol fever, at one time a very real danger in this country, but at the present day almost as extinct as the dodo or the

long before anything was known about the role of lice in typhus fever, Lind, the great naval !:Jurgeon of the eighteenth century, indicat ed clearly and correctly what measures would prove effective against that com plaint. Similarly other observers noted the connection between dirt and diseases of various kinds, notably such disorders as and dysentery, and preached and practised a hygiene of environment. Long ago, in Scotland, there was a proverb, (( The elartier (that is, the dirtier), the cosier." but the slogan of the health reformers \Vas very rightly, "The dirtier, the deadlier," and the deadlier, remember, not only to yourseH and your family, but to your neighbours, and fellow-citizens. These early reformers were very largely like voices crying in the wilderness. Few heeded them, save in communities like the Army and Navy, where, if the officers commanding were believers,

uf Beecles, with Commissioner IIo::>sack, inspecting the Beeck.., Diyi sio ll. great auk. H re, again, we have no certain knowledge of the cause; scientists continue to squabble about it, but happily there has been proved beyond all doubt the truth of the saying, "No lice, no typhus," anel, as lice have little chance in a contest with a health officer, typhus fever, the unknown parasite of which they transmit, has ceased to fill the cemeteries.

So far, so good, but it is of interest to reflect that long bcIore Pasteur revealed the worlel of microbes, and 1\ Ianson showed how insects play a part in the spread of disease, many helpers in hygiene, by careful observation and sound had reached conclusions \"hich, when they translated them into action, yielded \ ery gratifying results. True, these men worked in the dark, but they did get hold of some essential facts, and so,

disciplinary measures could be takcn, or where pressure could be brought to bear on local authorities and the Government, as \"hen John IIoward, shocked and horrified by the condition of the prisons, raised his \ ' oice and testified against them.

l'Iead and Howard, Perci\'al, Ferrier and Currie, the civilians, Lind, Trotter and Blane, the naval surcreons, Pringle, ?\Ionro and the rmy hyg':'ienists, livec.l and laboured and accomplished much crood in a limited way. The country doctor, Jcnnero by introducino vaccination, conferred upon humanity of the greatest boons e:'er vouchsafed to it, and radically altered the Situattoll with reference to small-pox and its \ ictims. It \\"as not, howe\ er, until Chadwick, the lawyer, came upon the scene and, \\ ith fearles enthusiasm, dogcred determination and no little pugnacity, took up b

The 1\layor

the cudgels on behalf of health, that any real and widespread proarcss was made, apart from what the aood Lorl'Shaftesbury accomplished in the way factory reform Then and thereafter, however a marve l lous change ensued, mainly as a result of an organised campaign for cleanliness. What a fiaht it was, against superstitions and vested b. I interests and sup1l1eness and bitter OpposltlOn . Althougll it is true that reform was in air, that it was a period of quickening and advance In several directions, perhaps the batt l e might have ?ee? successful had not the country been viSited perIod Ically by outbreaks of cho l era which swept away hundreds. The scared populace was thankful to listen to those ,\'ho brought a message of hope, more especially when Dr. John Snow showed cholera was spread by the intestina l discharges of the sick, and indicated po ll uted water as a of infection It was i n a great measure [ear ·whlch made the people of Eng l and l oosen their pursestrin as and provide the wherewithal Lo obtain pure wate; clean dwellin o-s, an efficient removal and 'b disposal of filth and refuse, but, to do these ':ICtorians justice, once they realised they were gettI ng value for their money they g ladly bore the burden and so reaped the reward .

(To be continlled.)

Won and Lost.

A :\L\TIIE:\IATTCAL error In an ambulance competition held at Thorne caused much jubilation followed by disappointment.

Thorne Colliery entered t,ro teams in the ambulance competition at Armthorpe this month, and the second team was adjudged the winner of the 'Criddle" Shield, and each member received a case of fish knives and forks

The "feat" was considered all the more meritorious because the' (youngsters" had defeated the senior string together, of course, with the other " crack" teams competing.

The shield was shown round the village, arranaements were made for it to be insured for £10 las . (its value) and 1\1r. C. F. Hoyle (the colliery agent), had consented to be custodian

When the excitement had subsided somewhat a motor - car drew up outside the colliery office, representatives of the competition stepped out and asked for the ambulance officials, who were told that a mathematica l e r ror had been made in calculating the points, and that Thorne Colliery II had not won the shield, but another team had.

The question now being asked is "Has a similar mistake ever been made before and never detected ? "

Practical F irst Aid and Home Nursing

( By Q uestion and Answer )

by l\lajor S. T. BEGGS, l. D., D .P.H_

(Concluded from page 12).

;\l.\1\' \G EJ\lENT OF INFE CT IOUS D1SE.\SES.

Q - \-VhaL is the cause of in fec tion?

1.- lnfecLion is caused by the entry of into Lhe body.

Q - 'v\ hat is Lhe principlc to be aimed aL in nursing infectious cases?

\ -(1) Isolation, (2) clisinfl 'clio n, LhaL is hy deslroying lhe germs which !em e the patienL's body in the breath, discharges, and C'xcretions.

Q :'IlcnLi on the personal precaulions againsL infection ll) be by the nurse.

hands washecl and rinsed in disinfectanl after ll)llchi ng lhe paLil'nl. .\s much fresh air (l;, should oblained, and no food hould be ealen in Sick-room.

o \\ 'haL is Illeanl 11, saving Lhat all arLicle Ims been .• sLe;Ilized " ':' - -

"\ -"\rlick s thal arc diinfected hy heal arc said tl) he t" c., lhe) arc rendered -ab::'l) lutcJy frcc frol11

O-HlH\· would, l)U (..li::,infect which callnol lo heal f -

\ Chel11ical disillkctanb hewe to be u::,ed such as cLlrbo lic acid.

Q-Ho\\" is Lhe air of all infcctiou::, roulll La bl..! kl..!pL pure ;;

.1. B) Cl l1S(;lIll amI ,cI1LiialiIJI1.

Q-\\'lly i..., it neL'e;,;,ar) Lo keep air of Lhe ;,ick-rulll11 \,·ell \·cnLilated ?

I.-Em analion'i arc gi\·cll niT hy the patienL's throaL and body, which are hurtful nuL onl,· to himself buL Lo atkndcu;b; thc risk of calching- infection is much diminished by free ventilaLion.

be how lhe roum sho uld be kcpL wei I \·enLiand Lhe precaulions Lo be in carrying lhis o ut.

I.-T h e window should opcn aL the lop, care being taken to guard the patient from draughts. The windO\.\,::, sho uld be lop and boLLol1l l wo or time::, a day, and Lhe room Lhoroughly Hushed with fn,::,h air, Lhe patient being carefu lly coyered up . A llre '-Lids cnLitiOll.

Q -Ho\\' should bed and body linen after use by an infecLious case be dealL with?

A- Tlwy should be aL once be disinfecLed.

Q - IIow s hould tllc spulum fro111 all infectiou::, case be disinfected?

-.-l.nLisepLic solulion should be placed in lhe sp it-cup

Q- How ;,houlcl fWIll lhc l1louLh and nose in an infectious casc be deall wilh ?

\ - Rags which can be burnt should be used to \Vipe awa.y all discharges from the mo u th an d nose

August, Ig28 - FiRs t

O-Descr i be how du s ting s hou ld bc done in an infectious 1'00111.

i\- Thc dusting ;,hou ld be dOll" w ilh a du ;, ter damped v\ iLh SOllle di;,infecling soh.ltion ; after u se the duster sho u kl be placed in di s infecting solution.

J\mbulance News euttings from the

T he Editor inviles Readers lo send news pape r cuttings on matle r s of genera l inte / est for inclus on in th is co l umn.

'vV1ND SCREEN TRACED\".

1. Swi ss engineer and his wife were motoring near Sl. Gall whcn thc ca r skidded in the snow They were hurled through Lhe windscre e n and killed by the broken glass, which cut th e ir lhroab.-Da/(ll Express.

.1.11{ CCSllJON REs ccE

I.n nil' c u::,hil)l1 played an imporlant part ill l]le rescue of Percy 13rook::" 17, from Long-moor lake yesterday. Brooks

At D.Prisoners Study First Aid.

A"N unique ceremony took place In Leicester Prison on 29th July, when Commissioner \V . Ha r vey Reeves, O.B.E . , J.P . , in the presence of t h e p ri soners and staff presented first aid certificates to pr isoners who had qualified at a course taken whi le serving their sentences

Among those present were Capt. Hampton (Governor of the Gao l) and 2\lrs. Hampton, :\lrs W Harvey Reeves, A.R R C , Lady District Supt. of the TO. 3 (E) District, Corps Supt. J. J. Dexter and Supt. H Loc1don, Secretary of the Leicester Centre, S.J.A.A., who arranged the c l asses.

Dr. E. J. O'Conner of Leicester, conducted the examination . Of the 28 men who entered, all passed The instruction was given in the evenings after working hours, by Supt. Lockton, Corps

Sber\\'eJl (PlymouLh) Nursing Cadet Teal11 - De\ 'o n Counly Champions.

\ \ ' inncrs of lhe "Dayey Cup" al the De\·on Nursing Cadet Competi tio n, 1928 had s unk three Lillles wilen Frank Gleed din. d in and brought him to the ::,urface, being assisLed by his broLher, who llsed lhe cu::,hiol1 as a rafL while bringing Brooks Jjirrur.

POChTf E:-':l LosLO:-:.

JaIl1L'S Kershaw, aged 27, a blacksmilh, l)f O ldham, was walking IWl11c from his wurl-.: reccnLly w l1l'n i.l bolLle of disinfeclanL in his pockct bur l, o w ing, it i::, belien.:d, to the heat and lhe jolLing.

He emptied his pockel of the broken g lass, bUL a liltle laler col lapsed amI was picked up unconscio u s. \ t the infIrmary he \\·as fl)Und Lo be seycrel.\· burned and suffering from shock. IIe was later SLid unconscious a n d his condiLion was very se l-io u s.-Dat"6J J/!.fr1l1

Supt. Dexter, and Dr. Hingham, the latter giving six lectures.

After the presentation, Commissioner \V. Harvey R eeves addressed the men. Three hymns were hearti ly joined in by all present, and vocal so l os were rendered by two lady visitors . One of the prisoners acted as organist.

0\"(: 1' 800 ambulance men, nursing si;,lers, and cadeLs atLl'nc.led a parade in QLll'en's Park , Che::,tertleld, 011 July 22, of lhe Brigade, No.5 Dislrict, :\'orth Derbyshire area, ,\-i1en all in pection was made by Major-Genera l Sir Perci,·al vVilkinson, Chief Commissioner.

From Month to Month.

At the British Association Conference held at Cardiff last month, Dr. :\Iacdonald moved to rescind a previous resoltion that "ambulance work should be treated by the profession as a matter of business and not of philanthropy," and that members of the profession should be "suitably ren umerated for teaching subjects in con nection with public health," Dr. l\Iacdonald said the resolution was more honoured in the breach than in the observance, It was sheer" eye -\'.;ash " and should be rescinded. It was not, however, rescinded, and from our knowledge of the medical profession connected with the ambulance movement its members gladly give their services to the cause.

An American Insurace Company has recently been fostering the establishment of first aid classes amongst industrial establishments with the aim of lowering Lhe cost of workmen's com pensation through lessening accidents made serious through improper treatment. The experiment in one factory alone, in which the Insurance Company have 58 qualified first aiders, showed such an improvement that it paid for the entire cost of the experiment. Lessened compensation payments had an immediate effect towards reduction of premiums.

*-'Ie*

One of the greatest problems confronting the insurance companies to-day is the mounting loss ratio and expense cost of workmen's compensation insurance. It is generally recognised that one of the first necessities in this field is a reduction in the increasing number of accidents as best exem pI ified in an increased cost due to injuries that become infected and eventua ll y serious in proportions and hence more costly to the insurance companies.

\V e notice that a contemporary in mentioning the name of D r. N. Corbet Fletcher points out: "or as he was more affectionatel v known to members o[ the Brigade as N.C.F."J We (this Journal) are responsible for this pseudonym, for it through the quesy columns of this Journal that he has become known by the abbreviatiotl. *

Safety First and First Aid are in terdependent. In other words, the person who studies first aid

and understands it, realises his responsibility in respect to safety first. It cannot be den ied that safety first is first a id Lo the injurell; nor can it be concealed that fixst aid is safety ,first to the injured. Therefore, it lllust follow that the safety iirst man shou ld be a ilrst aider. Of course, if there existed a perfecc organisation without accidents, then first aid of necessity would mean little, but accidents arc ever with US in every sphere o[ life.

As safety first and first aiel are allies in accident prevention, when the first has ceased to function the second must begin its operation \iVbil e prevention is better than cure, treatment is necessary when prcvell tion has failed.

The Seventh International Aid and line Rescue Contest is to be held at Butte, Montana, from August 20th to :22nd, uncler- the auspices of the Un ited States Bureau of l\Ii ncs, Department of Commerce. These International First Aid and l\Iine Rescue Contests are held each year under the auspices of the Bureau of l\Iines, with the co - operation of the National Safety Council, the American Red Cross, and various mine operators' associations and miners' organ isations. Expert first aid and mine rescue teams from the important mining districts of the country compete at these events [or a large number of prizes and trophics given by different mining or safety organisations.

Each first aiel team is required to perform certain definite problems in first aid practice, calling for the treatment o[ injuries anel proper handling of a "patient." The mine rescue teams, provided with oxygen breathing apparatus and other necessary equipment used by rescue crews in coa l and metal mines, work out practical problems, such as arc likely to be encountereel in underground rescue and fire-fighting operations. Employees of coal and metal mines, quarries and metallurgical plants and workers in the oil and gas industries arc eligible to participate in the contest, so that more than workers, living in practically every State and Territory, arc interested.

Since the creation of the United States Bureau of Mines in 1910 approximately a quarter of a million miners have been trained by the Bureau in the technique of mille rescue work and in the art of administering first aid to the injured. The large growth of this work is evidenced by the fact that during the past I1seal year 48,604 miners were g iven this training.

August, J 928

fetters to the f;ditor.

We are in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, o r the statements made, by Correspondents. - EDlTOR.

TIlE r 'DEPE DENT JOURi\'r\L.

DE ,\R SrR,- -

Your April numher of the FIRST Am ] OLTRNi\L just tn hand, and I wish to congratulate you on your rc"erting to the original posit ion as Ind ependent J ournal. We here in New Zealand hm c sometimes found it difficult to express opinions for the good and welfare of the Order, not i-Lltogether through autocrntic ruling, but for the thl)ught that ,>uch Illight orCcnd the su,>ceptihilitics of the" TIeads," and trust (hat no\\' we Illay ha\ c opportunities of 1l1(1.killg suggestiolls

It h is e frect.

li g-ht I sLlg-gest that means he fOLlnd in order that morc Colonial news be inserted in your Journal. It seems

AID.-

_ know full well that I more of this in a fortnight's tJ a1l11l1g, under one of the pioneers of com petitions than I had done in ten years' class work. '

Another good point is the clock-work formalities O'one through for diagnosis (of which one gets all too little in work), and also of the "extras," sendi ng for doctor I'lmhulancc, etc., and obtaining the patient's name and address, which automatically strikes one when dealino- \\ ith the actual cases, but 1 vcnture to think arc not so (0 those who do not enter into competition work. '"

One of the other items of progress, /.t'., time allo,,'ances for team and individual tests, train the" flrst-aider " to think and act quickly as wc1\ as erficienth'- a great asset in cases of accident. -.

I \'cry pleas.cd. (0 sec the suggestion, and quite agree With hll11, r(' the splitt IIlg up, after a rea-.;onahle time, of the cmck teams, to indi\-idually train others, as J kno\\' discouragement doe" take place, \\ ith til(' loss of some of the youthful and useful members. [It

F.G_H.

KNIGHTS or ST. J OTTl\' Tl\' RHODES.

The scene in the Strcet of (he Knigllts at Rhodes when thc Kni ghts of the Tong-uc of Italy in the soyereign Order of St. John of Jemsalem (Knights of Rhodes or of i\[alta) resullled possession of their Auhel-ge. It was _ restored to them by the gencrosity of the King of Italy, after haying been lost ,,-hen Rhodes ,,-as taken by the Turks in 1522.

sometimes that we are rather neglected in this respect, although our l'rficicncy and strE'ngth compilre very fa\'ol1ral1ly ",ith the Brigade in Eng-Iand.-Yours faithfully, IIAEREi\I.\r. New Zealand.

FIRST A Tn CO fPETITTO S. SlR,-

The mticle by G. S. in t hc issue of 1\f a,' last is ,'cry interest i ng. I t is necessary for t hc powers t hilt hc to kCCjl competitions, cverything else, up-to-date.

Personally 1 consider it quill' unque tionahlL that competitions are of great assistance in acquiring the art of flrst aid, and furtller -maintain that no coun;e of the suhject is :olllp lete without including the tr('atlllcnt of supposed cases 111 as rc,tlisti, surroundings as possible,

THE VALUE OF FREEDOM IN EXPRESSING AN OPINIO • DEAR STR,-

Your correspondent, i\[r. Rack\\'itz, in his letter published in Jul y issue of FlRST Am makes an attack upon the Textbook, sug-gests that the pre ent edition is too intricate, a nd concludes that the 1892 edition pro\'ides First i\ider s with all the knowledge which they r('quire in the cillergency treatment of patients.

Taking t\\'o examples only frol11 this edition, T ask him if he \Yould be content \\'hen wounded (0 have his cuts and wounds 11athecl in terid ,Yater, or ",hen aspbF,iatccl to trust to the Marshall Hall or possibly Sih-ester Method for restoration of his breathing. lIe forgets that Medicine and Surgery are a lw ays advancing, and (hat consequently First Aid must also keep pace with the times,

-FIRST

His attack on the Textbook, therefore, is unjustified. The ,\ssociillion l\Ianual is the first, and still the best Ambulance Textbook because it is the only book of its kind which sets out its facLs ill simple and yet systcmatised fashion. It is ahvays heing kept up-to-date; and .history tells us that it ,,'as first published in 1878, and that ill 1880 a Medical Sub-Committee \"as appointed under the Chairmanship of Dr. Robert Bruce to revise it. Since that. date all the Textbooks of the ,\ssociation hnxc bcen contliluously subject to revision by a Committee of fen.

Sometimes I ask nwself what additions I "'ould suggest if I wcre a membel' of the Re"ision COll1millce now sitting; and nothing Dashes to m)' mind. Perhaps, therefore, I alll o'lad that I did not accept office becausc I cannot see ho\\' Ule Textbook can be materiall\' illlprm cd except hy correction of crrors and inconsistenccs, many of which ha\'e been dealt ,,,ith in the Query Column of FrHsT ,\10. Yours faithfully, CORBET FLETCIlER.

DEAR SlR, -

One of YOUI' correspondents has seen (It to cast aspersions on the St. J ol1n Man uai. Eyic.1cnt1y he does not know that this hook in its essentials is the liying memorial of the gl'eatest First Aider of all time Sir James Cantlie, the man who made First Aid and 'who, being present at the hirth of the St. John l\Ianual, as has recently been told in , our Journal, controlled its destinies up to the last revision for SOllle reason he \\'ithdl'e\\' his guiding' inAuence.Yours faithfully, BRTGADE OFFTCER.

APPOl Tl\IENTS IN THE ORDER.

SfR,-

From time to time you publish in your JOl'RNAL a list of those \\'ho hm e receivcd promotions and appointments in the Order of St. John. In looking through this list covering a number of years, I haye been wondel-ing how many of those \\'hose names appear in the higher appointments hm'e been acti\'ely associated with the ambulance moyement. At all their names are not familiar to the rank and file. Perhaps they hm e done some good work in connection with the Order. - Yours, etc., UNO.

Ambulance Strike.

THERE ",vas an unfortunate episode on the opening day of the Treorchy National Eisteddfod, all but one of the 8 teams which had entered for the ambulance competltlOns refusing to compete. They did so as a protest against the action of the Eisteddfod Committee in compelling them to pay 2s. each for admissiQn to the ground in addition to the fee of 2s 6d. per team of five men charged for entrance to the competition.

On August 3rd, between 60 and 70 ambulance men assem bled at the gates, where Capt. Taliesi n E. Richards, J. P., appealed to them for the sake of the dignity of the Priory to reconsider the situation. He said he fully sympathised with them, but felt that on this occasion they should give way.

After an informal meeting, followed by a conference of the team captains, they offered to proceed with the com petitions on condition that they

A I D.- August, 1928

were allowed to enter the grounds at a reduced fee of 6d. each or 25. 6d. for the team.

This new "ultimatum" was conveyed to the Eisteddfod officials, who reciprocated the attitude of the men, agreeing to meet them hal f way, with the result that they were admitted at a fee of 1s. each, or 5s. per team.

The General Sir Charles \IV arren Shield, abandoned on the Monday, could not he proceeded with as all the teams who had en terecl were not available. It will be decided later when the competition shall be stag-eeL

August 19 28 FIRST AID.-

J DOWN! for Young WIVES Young HUSBANDS PARENTS

WOMEN OVER 40 and EVERYBODY

S,\ \'ED BY \\' OODE:\ LEe.

An ex-soldier \\'ho had lost his right ll'g in the \\'ar was depressed hy hard time" and sought refugc in suicide. On0 afternoon, therefore, he jUlllped ofT a bridge into a river; hut he forgot to rClllo\'C' his wooden leg \\ hich "upported hilll. He flonted do\\'n ..,tl-e<llll and \\'as hauled ashore none the worse for his ac1\'cnture.-E , FleL'l-street.

DANGERS OF HOT B \TTlS.

,\n personal experience Illakes me wondC'r if most people realise the danger of hot haths, e"peciallyafter a meal. Returning recently, tired after it gitme of cricket, I had some tea but avoided making a real meal. Then I proceeded to the bathroom where I prepared a nice hot bath. Within a Fe\\' minutes of getting into it I came over faint and with difficulty succeeded in getting' out of the bath. Ind eed, I was fortunate in falling OLlt on to the bathroom 11001', where I lay unconscious for five Illinutes. I ha\'e learned my lesson; and in future I shall ayoic! hot baths.-

F. N., Camhridge.

1'01S0 'ED BY J ODINE.

Recently I 'Nas summoned by a neighbour who told me t ha t her small boy, aged 3, had climbed on a chair, taken out of a cupboard a bottle of Tincture of Lodine and swallowed its contents. When I arri\'ed the hoy wa!'> in a state of col lap se and semi-consc iou s. Recognising the gravity of the situation, J despatched an urgent message for a doctor who came quickly, app li ed treatment for shock and ordered the ch ild to be removed fortln\'ith to hospital, where unfortunately our patient dicd soon after admission.-I\I.A., Norwich.

The Miller Cup contest for the Wellingborouf"h Corps of t he Sl. John Ambulance was held in Mr. R. Marriott's field, Rushden, on Jul y 22, when the trophy "vas won by Rushden.

Sergt. R. B. Bullimorc, who is leaving Hinckley for Loughborough shortly, vvas presented with a signet ring by the Hinckley branch of the Association, last month, in appreciation of serv ices rendered to the corps, particularly in regard to the raising of ,£170, wh ich enah led the committee to :c1earJMoff the original debt on the towll's new Illotor ambu lance,

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The Editor invites Note _ on actual Cases- wirh spec al reference to go ,cl and bad points in Treatment-for inclusion 'n this Column.

Queries and J\nswers to eort'espondents.

Queries will he dealt with under the following rules:-

I. - Letter,; containing- Queries must he marked on the top len hanel corner of tbe envelope" Query," and addressed,-FrRsT A In, 46, Cannon,street, London, E. C.4,

2. -All Queries mnst te accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the J0urnal, or in case of Queries from ahroad, from a recent issue.

3. - The Textbook, to which refeJ ence may he made in .these .columns is the 36th \ 1920) Edition of S J. A. A. Manual of Fast Ald.

TRK\Ti\IENT OF OrmM P01SONfNG.

r. D. tell Ille the correct tl'eatlllcnt of rases Opium Poisoning. I haw l)l'cn informed sillacking pntient, cold dOLlching, anel forceel exercise arc no longer rl'comillencied for this condition; and I ask your kind assistancc on this malter.

I do not think that as a First .\idcr you can do hetter than follo\\ the instructions of the Textbook. Your information is to a certain extent corr'ect be c ause in treatment of this condition doctors to-ela\ reh more on repeated \\'ashing' out of stomach with pernlil;lgan;lte of potash solutions combined with inhalation of oxygen. Some authoritil's also ad\ ise hlel ding pat il'n[ \\'hen hluel1l'ss of face is I11nrkl'el and assnciated \\ ith signs of failing respir;ltion. l'ORT1I£T

EX.\:\IIN \TfOl\'

:'Ir.c. (TempiL'). - Tn n recent l\ursing- a colleng ul' \\'ho was asked what happens, when a surgeon his knifl into an ahscess, ekctrified tIll' rest of tIle class ",hell '>he replied, 11 1 hill, fIlSS/III11PS olfl.'" P()OI' puss!

Good! please! !- N.C. F.

\SI'II,"XI.\ \\'1'1'11 RIDS \:-\n (I..\\"[CLR.

\\'.

D. (Gloucester). 1n a rcccnt competition "'e had the foIIO\\'ing- te'>t. .\ pn1 ient i'> draggee! out of the sea and found to he not hreathing. On examination he is also found to IX' sulTcring frol11 hruisl'd shoulder \\ ith compound fractulT of right cla\"ick (fntgml'nLs protruding) and also from serious injury to right side of chest, the 5th and 6th ribs on this side being hroken. \\'C shall he graleful for an cxpl'ession of your opinion as to ho'w we could deal mo'>t erfccti\'el\ with such a case, and if Ln.horc1e's J\[cthnc! should he 'performed in preferencc to Schafer. Somc of us say that properly trained ambulanel' men could turn such it patient without causing further injury and that Schafer's l\ ethod would he more clTccti\'e than Lahorde. \Vc await your ruling- with intel'l'"t and tL'nder our bL'st thanks.

Your problem is one of thc "dcad or dying-" \'ar iet\" concerning' \\ hieh wc cannot he dugmatic. \11 things con'sidl'f'ed Sl'h;lfer'" l\[l'lhod appeal's to g iH' the pat ent the only pl)ssihle chancl' of hut of coursc it IllUst be carried out with c:-:ccptional caution special carl' heing tah'n during extl'nsil)n of right uPIlL'r limb nhoH' head and in kecping hands of nperal()r \\'l·11 d()\\'n on loin".

Thl' ckl'isinn r,'sts nn the facts that Sch;tfl'r i" t he method uf wlection fur apparently drowlwd patil'nh, that Sikc<,ter is impossible owing to fractured clavicle, and thnt Laborde is

A

of \'cry doubtful value in such cases. In conclusion, T detest "dead or dying)) tests which do not nssist in education of am hu lance studcnts - N. C. F.

IIUlIlOURS or. FIRST Am. \ .C. (,Wellingt.on, N.Z.)-I hm c had many a hugh at the jokes with which you hrighten ):OLlI' columns and so send you a recent personal experll'nce. J hall tl; if-cal a little girl \\'110 had pushed a bead lip her nostrr l, hut finding it dinicult I decided to lake thl' child myself to hosp i tal. ,\Vhile waiting attention, the child sneezed and tIll' heae! fl'll to the nonr. Tn 111)' amusell1ent thc mother, \\'ho had accompanied us gm e the child a "igorous slap and said, ",\Vhy didn't you do that outside the hospital? l'd ha\"e sa\ ec.l half-a-crown if you had! ! "

Cone.!! ext, please!

C. F.

P J\D FOR FRACTURED CLAVICLE.

f\£. N. (Ban·ow).-The Texthook tells liS that the pad for Fractul'ecl Clavicle must be 2 ins. b\ -+ ins., but. it cloes not fell us whether or no wc sl;oLl ld \ arv the size accordin o to height nnc! huild of pnlient. 'Dr. Scott Ridell in'" his f\L\ :-\I ', \L 0[.' , \1\!B( LANCE tcll us to fold up a trinngular handage.

The Textbook gi\'es the size of pad suitahle for a full gro\\'n man, and lea\"es it to your commonscnse to "ary the size nccording to height and build of patient. Since tIll' pad is intended to the fractured clm'iclc in keeping out point of shoulder, it follows tllat pad should hc a fair sized one. One lriangulnr handage I11nkes too sillall a pad, nncl it will take t\\'o or lhl'ee folded together to gin' you a pad 2 ins, by -t ins. \ practical suggestion is that pad should be the size of palient's OWI1 clenched fist. C. F.

LEC1TRERS .\:-\n TEXTBOOK.

F. C. (Hig·hhury). - In \"ie\\' of the dirrerences of opinion ns to treatment which oftl'n exists among- doctor, r \\ onder if doctors hefore appointment ns Divisional Surgeons in thc Brigade or as lecturers fOl' the .\ssocintiol1, arc askcd to gi\'e instruction in accordance with our Tt'xthonk on which the candidates will he cxamined.

I am not aware that any such instruct ions arc issLled hefore appointments of Di\'isional Surgeon'i, and certainly I ne\'er ]'ccei\ ed such; hut sureh cOl11l11onsense should render lhis step unnecc"sary. Of cOl;rse, any qualified practitioner may lecture to an \s,>ociation Class; but fr'om its enrliest days the Association has insisted on its examiners hcing picked men and \\'omen who are only appointed to the or(icial list after proof of expel'ience in ambulance work. In this wav the ssociation has maintained the standard of kno\\,Icdg-c required from its certificated pupils. N.C. F.

(0:-\))('('"]' 0[.' (Ol\IPETfTIO:-\S. :-\. C. (Cardirr). - Plcase tell us why thl' author of the nf'licle puhli<.;hec.1 in July issue of .\11) IL'lls LIS that in a competition when we examine' a patil'nt's pupil.., \\'l' should not ask if patient is insensible or not. Surely by such examination we should know.

Read the article again. It is worth reading' se\"eral times. Then you ",ill sel' that the author l'xplnills h is point \"ery c lcar y. IIe is te<tching you that patients in l?11lt'f"gencies alT not labelled with the'ir sl'\'l'f'al injuril's that in a proper ly conducted COlllpl'tition only those fneLs (which might IX' disClwl'red hy propl'r usc of compl'titors' sl'nses) should he disclosl'c.! amI that COl1lpl'!iturs must form the i l' own conc l usions on fach, sig-ns ane! symptoms ",hich the), hm c e!isclwered in the cOI1lJ1L'lition, just as they wou d ha\ e to do in actual emergcncy. - N. C. F.

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FIRST AID

for the The Independent Ambulance and Journal Nursing Services.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

EDITORIAL.

THERE has been much in the ROAD SPEEDS daily press of late upon the AND vexed subject of road speeds, FlRST ALD. consequent upon the Minister of Transport having issued on the 9th ultimo the " Heavy Motor Car (Amendment) Order, 1928," which revised as from October st the speeds at which heavy motor cars (over two tons unloaded) may be driven upon the public highways.

Hitherto the maximum speed for such vehicles a s the modern motor coach, char-a-banc, or heav y lorry, was twelve miles an hour, but under the new Order these vehicles, when fitted with pneumatic t yres, are to be permitted to run at a maximum s peed of twenty miles an hour.

It is common knowledge that the twelvemiles-an-hour limit has in the past been openly ig nored, and it is obvious that many of the long distance motor coaches must of necessity to-day e xceed what is laid down as the new maximum if they are to keep within their time schedules. In fact, it is not too much to say that the maxz"7num s peed of these coaches has in the past been nearer forty than twenty miles an hour.

I t is not for us to say whether the new maximum speed for heavy vehicles of twenty miles a n hour is placed too high or too low, and there a re doubtless some who will contend that greater s peeds could be permitted with safety. The point, however, which we would emphasise is that an Order having been made by the authority for speed regulation that speed should not be exceeded without invoking the penalties which the law provided.

The result will probably be to slow down

heavy motor traffic, and to put a check upon the reckless driving which is far too common on our highways and so largel y responsible for the increasing n um ber of casualties which are occurring daily thereon.

J Speed, however, is not alone accountable for these accidents, for inefficient dri v ers, road congestion and bad road surfaces are all amon g the many contributory causes as, it is believ ed, is th e absence of some standing road re g ulations, r e passing (" cutting in" on hills, on cur v es , etc. ) , which in our opinion should be introduced and rigidly complied with if our hi g hwa y s are to be safer places for road users.

Dangerous and reckless drivin g must be put down at all costs and with a firm hand. An y one who has been associated with the work of the first aid patrols on our main roads will not need to seek further for evidence that there is a good deal of bad driving and a need for more road re g ulations on the lines suggested if the all too f requent casualies are to be checked. On the other hand there exists a large bod y of perfectl y safe and highly skilled drivers "who use discrimination and offer the courtesies of the road to all other users.

Just a word about the poor pedestrian who IS likely to be overlooked, but who, after all, has equal rights to the road with those who ride. In some cases the side-"walks, once his refuge, have been absorbed in road widening. Driven to the narrower side roads he finds these also invaded by the motorist, and encounters swayin g motor coaches filled with excited excursionists who finds cause for amusement as he clings to the side wall whilst these Juggernauts thunder by at express train speeds. If the Order remedies this state of things, it will be a boon to all who love the countryside, and be blessed by not only those who still proceed afoot, but also by that large army of

safe and sound motorists who are as I ittle anxious to break speed records on the highways as they are to have to open out to "40 m. p.h." in or der to escape the dust or cxhaust fumes or a preceding char-a-banc.

------. --.

A Duty_

"VlI \T wou ld your feelings be if as an Officer of a Unit you detailed a member to endertake duty at a c inema, theatre or sports, and on the way he or she became involvcd in an accident proving fatal or causing bodil y injur y necessitating remo\ 'a l to hospital, and the particular men) ber was not covered by insurance? , Vould it help matters to be sorry, but helpless, especially if the injured member was only remunerated by the employer according to the time served or work done?

In the January issue of FIRST AID our readers wcre informed of a scheme of Insurance approved by the Chief Commissioner of the Briaade. I ") r, ,-ecent events have proved the value of his forethought, and have shown the constant care and thought which he gives to the welfare of those wearing the uniform of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

,Ve also explained that the Chief Commissioner had made arrangements with a certain Insurance Company and approved the wordin a of the policy to be issued to Divisions. This be considered an extremely wise action, as it one interpretation of the wording and conditIOns of the policy approved under the scheme. ,Ve cannot do better in support of the proposal than quote the report of an accident from the Tizameszde .JJaz'Z :-

'.' At least three people were injured in an amazll1g tramcar accident at Gravesend. A Pelham -road car was involved, and there was danger not only to the passen ge rs but to pedestrians as well. 'A miracle it "was not worse,' said an eye witness.

"Strangely enough, an ambulance man in uniform was one of the passen ae r s upstairs. Ir. Chapman (private of the Division) had an extraordinary escape from death. The seat on which he sat was smashed to pieces by the heavy stanchion ·which knocked off his cap, leaving a dent in peak. Though himself suffering from shock, 1\1r. Chapman we nt to the rescue of the victi ms and later went on duty as an ambulance at the Grand Theatre."

It will be .seen that Private Chapman was actually proceedlllg duty o r dered by his Officer, and had he been kdle? the moral responsibility would have rested WIth the Divisional Supt.

A I D.- September 1928

,Ve congratu late Private Chapman on his m i racu 1ous escape.

r n fu fLher s upp ort of the proposal we hear that an ambu lance man was injured whi lst car ry i ng a patient up the stairs of an hospital. A claim was made by the Divisional Supt. undcl- an old policy taken out by the Divi s ion some ycars ago. The In su rance Company concerned bave not yet admitted the claim as the accident happened \\"hilst the ambu lance was stationa r y. It is therefore evident to be elig ibl e to claim under the polic\Theld by this particular Supe rint endent that a m a n" must fall off the ambulance car wh il st it is in motion o r t he ambulance to have a collision causing inJury to the driver or attendants. The Superintendent in question was honestly und e r the impression that the policy he held coyered members whi lst engaged on public dut y . Again some pol icies on I)' provide for total disablement, and not partia l cl isablement- i .C., con va lescen t period.

The pol icy approved b y the eh icf Com 111 iss ioner is simp ly worded and permits only one interpretation, and the covering it affords will be seen from the following case:

A member was detailed to proceed to a fete some three or four mile s out of town to relieve one of 11 is colleagues at the ambtllance tent. He proceeded by motor cycle, and unfortunatel y met with a bad accident on the way The case reported to the Insurance Company, the claim considcred and admitted.

r t will be seen that the man was covered whilst proceeding to take up his duty.

In view of the foregoing, we can not do morc than urge that the moral responsibilit y of those entrusted with the administration and welfare of the Brigade be covered, and that those who a ladh and unselfishly g ive their time in the of suffering human ity shall not have thei r reeover\' retarded through financial worries if they ar"e eve.r unfortunate enough to meet with an \\"h llst engaged on thei r human itarian \\·ork

In this matter we appeal to those whose duty It IS to further the interests of the Briaade 1 . b entUlse Its members with the value of their services to the nation and the tradit ions so nobly uphold by those who wear the White Cross to a ive h r, t e question of insurance their earnest attention.

Policies should be read and the wordi no" understoo.d . If any officers have difflculty correctly lllterpreting the wording of their policy and the cover it gives to the ir members, we shall be pleased to advise them on the matter.

This Inurance question is not on ly one which concerns the Officers in charge of Units but all ran ks should be surficiently interested in themselves and those t upon them to sec that they are covered aga In st bodily injur y whi l st en aao-p d on bon a fide Brigade duty. b r,

Brigade

No. 3 Distric t.

Dzstl/zct Reports.

i\lajor Orton j\J.. D., and Dr .\ cCa ll i Ilspected the \\' o lvurhampt on, T ill11\\'orth alld v\'alsall Di"isions 011 9t h.

The parade was under thc command of \miJui8 llcc Ofllc'r \V. VV. Burton (Wolverhalll pton), and among other Officcrs present werc Supt.. H W. Ilunt , Supt Morris Christophcl-, Dr. R c.. D av ison, and Mr. F. G. J ackson ( \,\'uh 'e rh al1lpton), Corps Supl. Blay, Supl. Stanniforth, C 1\I. S., Supt. Shaw, llnd Amhulance Officer !\lears (vVals<1.lI), SupL \rlll slr .:lng· and Ambulance Officer Chandler (Tamworth).

The Tamworth ursing Di vis ion, undcr the command of their Lady Supl., allended, and the Mayor of \-\' oh'crhampton was represcnlcd by .t\ lderI1lCln vVilicock.

,\fter the genera p<1.rade cach squad of men tn:atL!d supposed which were afterwards clealt with by the nurses in a temporary hospital.

1\lajor Orton sa id the \\"ork he had seen was excellenl. The" Cibe..; )) pre ."cn ted werc unique, and hc congratuhltcd th-? Divisions on thc'r smartness Hc spoke of the yaluc of combined parades, and suggested the formation of Cadet Di, isi.J!1s as a Jl1':ilns of increasing the numbers

Dr.. l\lcCall ofr.;red congratu at ion" also, and Supt. IIunt, in his reply, thanked the P arks and Baths COll1millec for th.; u sc of the park alld the Boy Scout s for their assistance.

II. - The Corps, consIstIng of sections from Finedon, lrthlingborough, Highalll Ferrers, Rushclcn, alld \\Tul\a<..,ton, held their annua l camp at Pleasant Clapham, through the kindness of 1\1r.. P. Tinsley. 30 mell1ber:">, under Supl. T. E. Po pc, had an enjl;rable and insLructi, e tillle.

-

,\ church parade was h e ld at the Parish Church, and the Vicar (thc R c,· J K. Cm\'burn) gm 'e thc campers a warm \\'..'lco111 c. \V ed n ..'sday in thc \"cck was "isitors' day, ,llle! it g"oxl Ilumher of "illagers accepted the il1\"itation to part in games and dancing at the camp. They \\'cre also entcrl,lined hy the caillp choir. "

The c.:loks, Pte. E. G. Goo:lman and Pte. r\ Chapman, were c.)ngratu lated on their ideal cook in g.

:'Ibn)' people interested in ambulancc work ha,'c "isited the camp to see the mcn at their drills. The dismantling of the and str ikin o of the bell tents on the £o ll o\\"il1 <'SlIllday afternoon the finish of a n id ea l camp. :""">

No. 5 Di.jtrict.

Th e annual inspection of the 01olts. area was held on \Ug"ust 26th, by the Commissioner of the District, S. \V. f alkin, Esq., - at vVollaton Park, 1 ottingha m, assisted hy the L a dy Distri ct Supl., 1\lr5. Bid<bcck, who in spL'ctecl the Diyisions.

There were 117-1- m e mb ers 011 parade compr ising 33 -\m bubncc Divisions, 1 Cadet and 12 Nursing' Diyi sions, 1 Cmkl.

Owing" to the continuous rain whi ch came on at the time thL') were lined up t hc incliyidualinspecLioll allli the 111<l1-ch past had to he callcelkd.. Ho\\' e " er, the\' w erc later fOfllled

a holl<.)\v sLjwtre wh en a dCIllL)n stra-tion \\ 'as gi"en consisting of an explosion with s upp0 !:ie d injuri cs to a number of Illen sing ing round a camp firc.

The'lc \\"e n " tn'ated by mcmber s of the Kirkby Di"ision, til(' Division convcy i ng lhem to first aid station

stretchers, £lndthe ho spita l tent being erected in record time by member., of the City Di"i sion

The Sl. J ohn (copy of which is printed belo\,') \"as sung at thc conclUSIon ;\layor and Lady I\Iay orcss of Nottingham pro; lded tea In the ancicnt h a ll afterwards, and in their una"oldablc absence, the Sheriff of ottingham, 1\1r. Councillor deputised and paid a g"lowillg" tribute to the work of the Brigade in r; otl in g"hamshire

Lsi St:1I1 Co III 111 issioner Gibson \\'as ill charge of the Supt. Adjutant, and Corps Surgeon i\laj or Sp cught was responsIble for the first aid arrangements HnlN.

(Vt'I-SC<; 2, 3, -I- and 5 composed by Supt. G. E. Hard)).

1. 0 God, oLlr help in ages past, Our hope for years to come, Our shelter from tlle stormy blast, And our eternal home

2.. Help u s our duty to fulfil, To aid thc sick and lamc, III evcrything \\'e undertake, To do it in Thy name.

3. JZ eL'p LIS in sig"ht eac h clay and night Help LIS to "carry Oil," Dlee" \\"ho ;\"ea rs the sign

The Cross of St. J ohn

-1-. \ t home, at '\'ork, in office, street, Our aid is needed there, But Thou, the Good Plw ician, be t our side c\"cr ncar:

J. A.nd ",hen at la t OLlI- strength is o'er, Our work has a ll bcen donc, Bless tho::.e ,\"'ho folio,," us and sen'e, The OrJer of St. J ohn. Amen.

:-lEss.-The annua general meeting and dinner of the Sergeants' mess \\"'ill be held at Rotherhal1l, on Saturday, r; O'Tmber 3rd.. All \\ ". O 's and Sergeants of the district are il1\ ited to attend. Programme :- -1- p m., tour of inspection of thc Prince of \V ales power station (electricity \\'orks) ; 5.15 p I11., General :-Ieetin g 6 .15 p.m., " 'elcomc to Sergeants by His 'Worship the Mayor of R otherham ; 6.301'.111., Dinner; 7 30 p.m., Smoking Concert.. Dinner tickets, -I-s. per head.

All tho"c \\"ishing to attend kindly notify l\less Secretary, Corps Sergt. :,[ ajor F. L. Le,Yendon, 118, ycamorc-road, :\ oltingham, not l atcr than October 2 -1-th

annua l in sp.;ction of the Corps took place in the \r bord ul1l, on Septcmber 2nd, \, hen there ,\"'ere about members prescnt and a good attendance of the public. Tlw Corps, cons sti ng of "A" and "B" <1.nd the Cadet \l11bulan ce Di' is ons and the Turs ing and Cadet Nursing Divisiolls were drawn up in line during the fir t pad of'thc inspectioll and afle nyard s marched past in column Llf sections, and co lumn of fours.

Thc in pectin')"' OOlc cr was the A -s istant Licut.-Col. F. S. :""">Lambert, R. A .1\1. C (T. F.), and he ,,"a aL"col1lpanied b)' ]\[rs. Lambert, A R. R C., Lady. District Oflicl'r of the Nur sing- Divi s ion. Om.cc rs 011 paracle Included Cl)rpS SupL. \\ T T. 1\ L Trafford, Di\"'isional up ls. H. Lord

-FIRST

and C. Geoffrey, Corps Officers R. Alston, and H. B. Seaton, District Officer F. F. Gibson, Cadet .\mbulancc Officer H. Chantrey, and the Nursing Division Officer Mrs. Taylor. The Mayor (Councillor C. E. Snook) and the Sheriff (l\lr. R. C. Minton) rlnd 1\1rs. Minton were present as well as Captain Dickinson, late Divisional Supt. Ruston's Prize Sih'er Band played splections whilst the inspection was being made. After the ceremony the inspecting Officer presented 1\1rs. J. Simms, of the Nursing Division, with a is-years long- service medal, and congratulated the Brigade and its Officers on the excellent parade. Various ambulance drills were subsequently gone through.

Earlier in the day the Corps paraded at High-street Wesley Chapel, headed by Ruston's Sih'er Band.

N ORTIl STAFFORO. - The quarterly meeting of the North Staffordshire Area of the Brigade was held recently at the Victoria I nstitute, Stoke. The Assistant Commissioner (Dr. ]. F. Arlidge) \\ as unable to be present, and the chair was taken by District Officer Evans.

Expression of sympathy were made in the case of Ambulance Officer Huxlf'y's accident, and serious illness of Corps Supt. Evans and the Secretary was asked to send a letter of sym pathy to each.

It was decided to hold the annual competition in February, but it was pointed out that Divi ions I1lU t take a greater interest otherwise the competition would hm e to be abandoned.

In his remarks on the annual inspection, the District Officer stated that the Commissioner (Mr, Sydney V/. Malkin) was highly satisfied with the drill, &c.

The question of holding an annllal outing was discussed, and it "vas agreed to bring- the matter before the \'arious Di\'ision for their views and suggestions at the next meeting which would be held in December.

It was also suggested that full co-operation between Di\-isons would be beneficial to the area as a whole, as it was only upon the occasion of thc annual inspection that the various Di\'isions met together.

No. 6 District.

MID DURIIAM.-l\lf'mbers of the Corps assembled in the beautiful grounds of Findon Cottage, near Durham, the residence of l\lr. Coroner Graham, D, L., and were inspected on September 8th by District Officer G. Curry, of Newcastle, where a demonstration of first aid and general routine was given.

Corps Supt. T. G. Noble was in charge, and other Officers present included Corps Surgeon J. H, R. Garson, Corps Officer ]. H. Pigg, and Corps Secretary R. Birtley. The band from Charlaw and Sacriston, under Mr. ] ames Tindale, discoursed Inusical selections.

District Officer Curry congratulated the Corps upon their turn-out and general demeanour on parade, and said the tone of the inspection throughout had attained a very high standard.

Mr. Graham remarked that those present represenled only a minority, whereas they should bf' a majority of those who were working day by day in a hazardous occupation. Frequently during his official career he had inquired as lo the percentage of men at a colliery who had trained themseh'es in the principles of first-aid, and he invariably found that never more than fl\'e per cent. knew anythino- about it. Without wishing to be offensive to anyone, he like to say that such a percentage was not altogether fair.

No. 8 District.

HERl\'E BAY. - Thousands of motorists were interested in

AI D. - September, 1928.

the Parade of ambu lanc e men and nurses which took place at Chislet on the Margate Road 011 Sunday, September 9th,

The Panlde was the occa ion of the opening ceremony of a First Aid Post recently in stalled uncler the Road Service Scheme. -

The entire cost of tile hut and its cLjuiplllent was defrayed by contributions from passing- motorists the previous week-end. This particular part of the Margate Road can be claimed as one of the most busiest and most dangerous in the South East part of Kent and the First Aid Post supplies a much needed necessity,

The First Aid Post is a white enamelled wooden structure of suitable dimensions, \\lith hbck lettering, placed on a fairly wide strip land by the road side, with a background of trees. It WJIl serve as a centre from which ambulance men will patrol the highway within defined limits, and nurses will be stationed there to respond to emergency calls.

A. telephone is installed and thereby direct communication s possible with the motor ambulance stationed in Hemc Bay, some six miles awa\,.

W. H. F. Noble, Assistant Commissioner, No. 8 Ol?ened the Post. Among those present were: Dlstnct Officer H. J. Wriggleswortb, Divisional Surgeon F. C. Cozens, Ambulance and Transport Officer A. R. ].

""hose organising abilities and energy have been preVIOusly commended upon; Supt. A. Sharp, of the Herne Bay Ambulance Divi ion, Divisional Surgeon J. R. HamerLady Supt. Miss Bayley, of the Herne Bay Nursing DI\ ISlOl1.

The ITlCn and l1ur:,cs looked extremely smart on parade, and were inspected by 1\1ajor Noble on arrival. a \'isit to the first-rost post and expressing hiS adnllratlOn for its design and equipment, Major Noble remarked that he could see that the Herne Bay Ambulance !'Iursing Divisions has been well supported by theiIDlnslOnal .Surgeons and others with regard to establishing that first-aid post. The idea of pro\ iding that semi-hospital, he thought, was excellenl. It was the first of its kind, and he warmly complimented the Herne Bay Di\'ision on its exThey could be vcry proud of 11<l\-ing the station avaIlable, he said, not only for the "JJrst-aider," but for all\' other medical man who happened to come alono' at the of an accident. He did not think it lacked that might be required.

<

" I congratulatc YOU, nur:,cs and men \ en' heartily" commented Major Tobie, "you are a li\'e You a;'e a credit not only to your o,,-n area, but a credit to the District. "

Walking to the cloor of the post, 1\1ajor Noble said: "I. much pleasure in lifting this latch and declaring' thiS p.ost ?pen for the sick and surfering, I am percertaJl1 Jt Will be a very lucky thing for the man who IS 1l1Jured, because he will have very elllc ient assistance render.ed him. I wish you all the luck imaginable, and hope you w1l1 go on and prosper as you have hitherto dOlle,"

fll1Clllcial position of thc Hailshal11 Divisi.ol: :s not \ ery satisfact?ry, and suggestions for placing the DIVISion on a sound foOtlllg '"vere invited at a meeting held at the George Hotel recently. Supt. Capt. J. Wickersham presided, Sergt. R. Funnell said their ambulance, which was of an old type, was a "white elephant" to tht Division and were dubious about engag in g it. They' now Wished t.o obtain for a new ambulance. .-\n appea l to the some tIme ago was not \'ery sLlccessful, due partly to negligence on the part of members in not calling- for subscrip tions. The ideil in m!nd in cal lin g the that e:' enmg was to form a worklllg committee, as it was imposSIble to carryon along the presf'nt lines. They had the men to do the ambulance work, but they wanted a few influential townspeople to takc an intf'rest in the Division. They sti ll

September, 19 28 -Fl:kS1' had certificatedmel1lbers who were without uniform , some of whom were not in a position to provide them for themselves.

Transport O(Ecer Dakin said the motor ambulance was to the Hailsha111 Division by Hastings, and they could sell it.

:\1 r_ lZ. I I. Sharp considen'd that the mcn should first he equipped and the deficit wiped out before incurring the expellse of a new ambulance.

Transport OITlcer Dakin pointed out that there were a great many removal cases which they mig-ht deal with if they had an ambulance, There had been several instances where the Hastings ambulance had come into their district to convey cascs to London.

The Chairl1lan said the Ilrst thing to do was to get rid of the present ambulance, for they were paying for storage c\,ery week.

-.\ coml11illec was appointed, consisting 0 £ l\lcssrs. R. E, Hills, I-I. Roberts, F. S. Parker, E. U. Jenner, K. H, Sharp, Supt, J. Wickersham, Transport Officer E. J. Dakin, Sergl. R, Funnell, Corpl. Skelton and Ptes. Poole and Bruton, to dnl\\- up the appeal and to methods for improving the financial position.

No. 9 District.

SIIORWELL. - On August 18th the Shorwell ursing Cadet Di\ ision, under Lady Cadet Supt. E. Leigh, proceeded to the l\laker Ju\ enile Organisations Camp, Cornwall, one of

A I n. - or

HELPING TIIE A\'Y - At the special request of the Naval Authorities , the Plymouth St. J ohn Ambulance workers staffed the De\ on pOI t Barracks and Dockyard on the occasion of "Nav)' Vleek." Eyery day enormous crowds the ships and docks, the "Hood" (the largest warship ll1, the world) and the submarines proving an exceptional attractIOn,

A fine temporary hospital was instituted at the Barracks and a comprehensive system of patrols was organised. The Royal Naval surgeons were unremitting in their professional services.

One of the relnarkable factors about the cases were thaL so many came from a distance, some so far a\va)' as Sheffield, Brentford, Wolverhal11pton, l\lanchester, Birmingham, Oldham, Neath, Li\ erpool and Shields, Since the duty some \ ery encouraging unsolici t ed te:,timonials ha\'e been recei\-ed by the County Commissioner for Deyon.

PLYMOUTII. - In addition to its three permanent motor ambulance stations, the Plymouth service has a chain of sUlTlmer-time aid posts of huts and tents. The tent between the Hoe and the beaches has recently closed down, Ambulauce sisters ha\ -e bee n on duty from 10 a.m. to 10 p,m., and 2S3 Cases ha\'\;; been attended, 19 of \\'hom required further hospital tre a tm e nt. Two Nursing Cadets ha\ e also been

Plymouth's St. John .-\l1lbulance Seaside Tent.

the most magnitlcent camping site in the country, On Sunday a church parade sen ice \\'as held at Maker, and during the \\'eek s\\'imming and rambles around the cliffs were arranged. vVednesday was ,. Visitors Day," their entertainment illcluLlin g selections from the Cadet Jazz Baml.

In another portil1l1 of the extensi\ c camp "'as a boys' organisation, and there were about 1 5 ca es which received attention frol11 the young ambulance \\'orkers under their l<ldy officers supcr\'ision,

On olle evelling the girls were entertained to dinner by Lt.-Colllmander O. Lee, R. ,C.C., who, with Mrs. Lee, were ce lebrating the forty-third anni\'ersary of their wedding day.

po ted for duty and ha\'e made themseh'es extremely useful in many ways,

In -addition to being a first aid station, the tent has been it depot for 10 t children, On a little being brought to the nurses, they telephone a full descnptton to ,the Police Station. Then inquiring parents were Jll1medlately put in tOLlch with their children, much to their deli.ght.

..-\ feature of much encourao-ement to local SI ters \\'as the kind calls of so man\, colleagues under the \"'hite from other areas who came to compare note \\'hilst on their \ isit to Plymouth. Doubtles se\'eral \\'ho are no,," far remo\ ed from "The Centre of a Hundred Tour " ,,·ill read this expression of deep appreciation of their pirit of COI11radeship \\·hilst on holiday.

August thc Exeler Ambulance Cadets hm'e becn in camp at Dawlish \iVarrcn under Supt. Lang-maid. On \Nedncsday, August 22nd, the Camp was ill;,pecled by Di\'isonal Supt. E. A. Bowden, l\1. B. E., of the Exetcr City Ambulance Di\ ision, who expressed his satisfaction <It everything he had seen. Later in the day a fine programme of sports was carried out. There \\'ere races. for lhe parenls as well as for the boy, and all had an enJoyable time. Thcre is a possibility of a combined County .\mbulance Cadet Camp ncxt year for the Devon JU\ enilc units.

KlNGsBRrDGE.-The Rev. H. T. Stealey, M.A., Supt. of the Kingsbridg-e Ambulance Division, is leaving for anolher parish. He has laken an active part in local St. John ,,-ork from its inception. For nearly twenty years his work \\-as in ew Zealand, where he \vas particularly energetic in foslering the work of the Order. In a marked degree he is an example of the Hospitallers t\oyin motto: "Pro }ide / j1'O utihtate lW1IZiu Ill.

No. I I (Southern Railway. )

HITHER GREEN.-" The St. John Ambulance Brigade is one of the shining lights of the borough. We have a motto, , Lewisham Leads,' and in your particular department you do lead,' and your services are yery g-reatly appreciated."

These remarks 'were made by Alderman H. Chiesman, ]. P., M.B. E., to the members of the Hither Green Division al the annual presentation of awards at St. Swithin's Parish Hall, Hither Green, recently. Among those present 'were l'drs. H. Chiesman, Councillor A. E. Webb (ex- Iayor), and Mrs. Webb, Div1sional Supt., W. H. Smith, S. B., District Officer Borne, S. B.

Supt. Smith said that all the members of the Division had been successful, under Dr. G. A. Maling, in passing the annual test. Important duties had been carried out during the past year, and, up to July 31 more than 200 first aid cases were In addition, the Hither Green Division took part in a church parade at Croydon, and in a grand parade and review at Herne Bay, where over 2,000 m,embers of the Brigade were inspected by General Sir A. Hunter-Weston.

The Hither Green Division was also successful in winning the McCorquodale Railway Cup and the Lady Eldridge Cup, both in open competition. The captain in each case was Corporal A. Hamerton.

Distributing the a'wards, Alderman Chiesman congratulated the Division on their successes and upon gaining the two cups.

Silver medals, 14 years: Ambulance Officer G. Carpenter and Hon. Sergeant E. Symonds.

Gold medals, 21 years: Supt. W. H. Smith, Sergeant T. Palmer, Corporal C. Oxley, and Privates]. Holness, S. J ones, and e. Knapp.

Individual competition held during 1927 : Corporal A. Hamerton, gold medal; Pri\'ate G. Arthey, runner-up, sih er medal.

l\Irs. Chiesman was afterwards presented with a bouquet by l\Iaster Bruce Symonds.

Gift for Dr. 1aling, V.e.-It had been intended to pre.sent to Dr. G. A. Maling, V.e., the Divisional Surgeon, a sliver rose bowl, but the doctor was unfortunately unable to be present to receive it.

Alderman Chiesman, referring to the gift, said it was a mark of appreciation and respect from the members of the Division.

Officer. sai? were all deeply grateful to Dr. Mahng for glvlng up h1S tune to lecturincr to the class and for the work he. had inspired there. were grateful to Supt. Sm1lh for keeping the Division together and up to such a lligh standard of efficiency. Thanks were also due to Alderman and Mrs. Chiesman and to Councillor

A I D. -'- 1928

and Mrs. Webb for their presence on lhat occasion. " vVc are very gratefu l for the services the Borough Council render to the public generally, and lo lhe Division ill par-Licu lar," he concluded.

During the evening, Illuch apprecialed ilems \\'ere given by l\Irs. Amy Mount, Mrs. Whightman, Master P. Riddall, 1\1rs. A. Jones, l\lrs. F. Benton, Mrs. C. Stevenson, and the band. A dance was subsequently held in the hall, the l\l.c. beillg Ambulance Orlicer Carpenter.

Priory for Wale s.

THE continued development of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in \N"ales throughout the long periodof industrialdepressionisalmost phenomenal. The only explanation is "where there's a will there's a way," and Wales has ever shown a firm will to assist suffering humanity.

During the past month several new Divisions have been registered. In the Aberdare Centre cadet units have been formed at Penrhiwceiber and Aberdare, in charge of Cadet Officers J. Cobley and Glyndwr Davies respectively. In the county of Glamorgan, a Nursing Division was raised at Ogmore Vale and the Penallta Colliery Cadet Ambulance Division with Cadet Officer C. Bowen was registered on July 25th. A new Cadet Division at Briton Ferry is attached to the Neath Corps which continues to be a centre of great activity. Officers and men are enthusiastic in their efforts to establish efficient ambulance services for the vale of Neath. The Cwmgwrach Division held an Eisteddfod at the Welfare Park Pavilion on September 8th to provide funds for the erection of an ambulance headquarters, and Neath Division recently organised a flag day in aid of its funds.

Increase in membership of the Brigade has been a feature of each successive year's work of the Priory, it has risen from five thousand at the end of 1920 to eight thousand two hundred and eightytwo at December, 1927

One of the most cherished awards of the Order of St. John is the Service Medal, which is issued by command of the Sovereign for fifteen year's efficient service in the Brigade . Bars are awarded for subsequent periods of five years efficiency The following awards have been approved by the Grand Prior, His Royal Highness The Duke of Connaught :-

Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O. B. E. (Deputy Lady Supt. for Wales).

ABERDARE CENTRE.

Staff Officer Henry Evans

Abercynon Division-Div isiona Supt. W. Jackson, Ambulance Officel- C. W. Gregory, Corporal E. T. I-lowe. Aberdare Divis ion-Divisiona l Supt. D. ]. Drew, Sergt D. T. J ones.

September, J 9 28 -FIRST

CITY OF CARDIFF CENTRE

Staff Officer B. E. Maberly.

Cardiff Nursing Division-Lady Ambulance Officer V. W. Rees, Lady Ambulance Officer A. Rosser.

Barry Hill Nur ing Division-Lady Divisional Supt. M. Lucas.

GLAMORGAN COUNTY CENTRE.

Ca::rphilly G. W. R. Division-Corporal e. Rogers.

Great Western Colliery Nursing Division-Lady Divisional Supt. E. Robinson.

MONMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE.

Sub-Comrnissioner A. H. James, M.D.

Abertillery Division-Corporal W. Matthews, Sergeant R. Lewis.

Blaina Division-Divisional Supt. A. Elkins. Cwmbran Colliery and Pontnewydd Division - Sergeant A. Powell.

Pontypool Division - Corporal W. Palmer, Private V·.,T. Phipps.

Pontypool Nursing Division - Lady Divisional Supt. D. Nelms.

Six Bells Division - Ambulance Officer T. Phillips, Private C. Wall.

BOROUGH OF RHONDDA CENTRE.

Tylorstown Division - Private J. Morg-an.

AMBULANE WORK AT THE ROYAL WELSH SHOW.

Ambulance work has become so closely associated with the industrial life of Wales that first aid competitions are now customary at the various public Shows, and the value of this work in the the promotion of hygiene and the safeguarding of public health bring it directly withing the scope of the objects of the Royal \Velsh Agricultural Society and justifies its inclusion as a regular feature at the annual show.

The Priory for Wales of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem was responsible for the ambulance competitions and the first aid arrangements at the W rexham Show. The Commissioner for Wales was Hon. Director of Ambulance and on duty at the Show. Two

BOROUGH OF MERTHYR TYDFIL CENTRE

l\Ierthyr Borough Division-Di\ isional Supt. L. Powell, Ambulance Officer T. W. Ed\\ ards.

BOROUGH OE" NEWPORT CENTRE.

Newport Town Division-Priyatc H. C. Biss.

"hrlRnnl!H n1<' RHnN'nnA. CH:N"T'Dll', Slaff Surgeon Dr. 1\1. C. O. Hurl),.

Tylorstown Divi ion-Supt. J. S. Jones, Ambulance Officers

E. Facey and D. Morgan, Sergeants R. Lewis and T. W. Hopkins. Service lIifedal Bars.

MONMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE.

West Monmouth Corps-Corps Treasurer W. Gardiner. Ponlypool Division-Di\'isional Supt. A. He\\-ill and Pri\'ale T. Miles.

BOROUGH OF MERTHYR TYDFIL CENTRE.

Slaff Officer W. H. Jones.

Taff Valley Corps - Corps Inspector of Stores, D. Davies. Dowlais Division-Centre Sergeant Major J. Wooding.

well-equipped first-aid stations were erected on the around and ambulance and nursing members of b B' d the local units of the St. John Am bulance nga e and the Brilish Red Cross Society were in daily attendance during the period of the Show. Fortunately no serious accidents but a of minor cases each day receIved prompt and effiCIent treatment under the supervision of Dr. \V. Glyn Evans, Surgeon of the \V rexham Division of lhe Brigade.

Am bulance competitions occupied the greater part of the final day, Friday, August 10th Six teams entered for the Silver Challenge ShIeld, open to men in \Vales and ;\Ionmouthshire, holding the qualifying certificates, and trophy was by the Den bigh L.l\1. &S. Radway team, ",hlch was also awarded the" l\Irs. K. L. Buckley" Cup

BRIGADE SERVICE AWARDS.

The Herne Bay ursing Division going lo an accident case on the l\largate main road.

for the best To rth \i\.Tales team. ] n the open COI1test for "\Turses the Silver Challenge Cup went to the Flint TO. 6 V.A.D., Rhyl, and the" Denbighshire Cup, confined to teams of men resident or regularly emp lo yed in that County, was keenly contested bv five teams and awarded to the Denbie-h L.1\I.&S. Railway.

t"- The adjudicators were Dr. R. D. Thomas (V/elshpool), Dr. R. Owen Morris (Newtown), Dr. D. D. Fraser (Buckley), and Dr. J. C. Lawton Roherts (Ruabon).

Considerable interest was taken in the presentation of troph ies and prizes by l\] rs. J. C. Read, wife of the President.

MEDICAL C0 1\IFORTS DEPOT AT P ENRIIIIYCEIBER.

An interesting event in the history of Penrhiwceiber was the opening of the fifth Medical Comforts Depot provided by the Aberdare Centre of the Priory on Saturday, Jul y 28th

The Centre President, the Hon. J. H. Bruce, presided, supported by Lady Aberdare (Lady President), the Hon .Mrs. J. H. Bruce, Mrs. C. Kenshole, Councillor A. N. Jenkins, O.B.E., Dr. I. Thomas, Dr. J. M. \iVilson, Staff Officer Gomer L. Davies, Corps Officers W. J. Morgan, 1. J. Griffiths, D. Evans, Sir Herbert and Lady Lewis, Police Inspector J. Thomas, 1\1 rs. \\T. 1\1organ, Dr. K. l\Iurphy and others.

Lady Lewis, O.B.E., who was presented with a beautiful bouquet of flowers, in declaring the Depot open, expressed admiration for the enterprise and acti \Tity of the Division in providing a Depot [or Penrhiwceiher, which she knew would prove of the greatest henefit to the to wn. Appeal in g for public support, Lady Lewis pointed out the great sacrifice of time and money made by the St. John men and nurses to equip them for their work and said they had treated in that district alone nine thousand cases in the last twelve months. These Depots not only brought comfort to the patients but eased the burdens of those who cared for them, and she felt sure that if everyone "would manage to spare a few pence no\\' and then to replace the stock wh ich must wear out, the Depot would be a real blessing in their midst.

The Commissioner for \Val es expressed the thanks of the Priory to the officers of the Penrhiwceiber Division for the establ ishment of the new Depot. He spoke appreciatively of the sLlccessfu I efforts of the Cen tre in developi ng the scheme for the provision of medical requisites and sick-room stores by the setting up of Depots at Aberdare, Aberaman, Cwmaman and Penrhiwceiber. Reporting on the genera l progress in the various Centres, Sir Herbert said this branch of the Priory's work had made a large contribution to the alleviation of human suffering, and since the in-

auguration of the scheme over .2+,000 s ick people 11 ad be nefi ted.

A demonstration of the developmen t of am bulance work was given in the Annual Inspection of Cynon Valley Corps by the Commissioner for \IV ales, afterwards held in the Clasbrook Fielcl, Penrhiwceiber.

A unique display, organised by Corps Surgeon Dr. J. M. Wilson, attracted a large crowd of spectators. A bomb was exploded in an old building; the local Fire Brigade was summoned to the scene, and the firemen handed the "\Tictims" to squads of men from each division, by whom they were treated and cOI1\Teyed to a supposed hospital which was in charge of the nurses. The earnestness and efficiency with which the men dealt ''lith the cases, and the enthusiastic way in which the Cadets assisted, added to the realism of the situation

After the Inspecti ng Ofilcer had addressed the parade, the Hon. J. H. Bruce, in an encouraging speech, reviewed the progress made in the Aberdare Centre during the past fi\ e years and expressed appreciation of the service rendered Iw Dr. R. Baird l\Iilne (now resident at Bridgend) and Dr. J. C. Ogilvie, ex -C ommissioners. 1\1r. Bruce paid high tribute to their fine capabilities, which had contributed greatly to the efficiency of the Corps. The Centre had been fortunate in finding an able successor to Dr. Baird on his resignation two years ago, and the announcement of the retirement of Dr. Ogih ' ie, on his remO\ al to Ireland, was received with dismay. Framed photographs of the Corps were presented hy Lady Aherdare to Dr. J. \Vilson, \\"110 rccei\ ' ccl the gifts on behalf of the two ex - Commissioners.

NEW DlvIsrON \T Ruos.

The ne'" Duffryn Mcelor (Rhos) Ambulancc Division of the Sl. J011 n Am bulancc Brigade, of which Mr. Ivor Tunnah is officer-in-charge, was inspected on Saturday, 11 th August, by the Commissioner for Wales at the Central Schools, Rhos, and a publ ic meeting was afterwards held at the Miners' I nstitute at \Vh ich the Com missioner explained the" Duty of the Brigade to the publ ic and the duty of the public to the Brigadc." 1\1 r. James Darlington presided; Dr. C. E . Salt and Miss Darline-ton were present, and there was a large audience.

Ambulance work in Denbighshire is making rapid strides. There are classes at Rhos, Glyn-. ceiriog, Penyczc, Johnstown, Gresford Colliery, Pendredwr, Gwynfryn, Llanddoget, Llay Main Colliery, Wrexham G.\V.R., Denbigh L.M. and S. Railway, Chirk and Ruabon G.\iV.R., and divisions of the Brigade at \Vrexham, Chirk, Denbigh, and two divisions at Rhos.

Col. Sir \iVatkin s \i\.Tilliallls-\iVynn is president of the centre; Lady Ifoward de \V a lden, lad \ pr esident; Mr. Jam s Darlington, o[

September , 19 28 - FIR S

C hairman and Dr. C. E. Salt, Chirk, Commissioner, aI' of whom are kecnly interested in the development o[ the Order's work in the COUllt)'.

1\1 r. Jame s Darl ington recell tl y demonstrated his enthus iasm by presenting a beautiful cup to the Priory for all n ual com peti tion by teams of men resident or regu larl y em ployed in Den bighshire. The first contest for this trophy was held in connection with the Royal \iVelsh Agricu ltur al Show at \Vr ex halll.

BUCKLAND B'iYLCII i l'RSI": S.

The Buckland Bwlch Nursing Di\ ision of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, of which Lady Buck land is president, accomplished an interesting week's work at the Girl Guides' camp, held on the Buckland estate .

Mrs. Cresswell, the Lady Divisional Supt., was asked to u ndcrtake the first-aiel care of any

.)

O. B. E., who expressed thei r enti re satisfaction and afterwards visited the camp.

The I?ivision again on duty at the Devynock AgrIcultural Show, on Saturday, September 1st, \\'hen a fully equipped tent was erected and a capahle staff of nurses in attendance.

AN:\TAL OF NEI,'poln.

The Inspection of the :\ewport Corps of the Bngade was held at the Drill II all , Dock Street, J ewport. The inspecting 0 fficer was 1) r. S Corps Surgeon and Acting COt11miSSioner for Newport Centre.

The parade, under the command of Corps Superintendent Gcorge Storey, \\ as composed o[ the following Divisions: Kewport Alexandra Docks (Supt . C. Marshall and Ambulance Officer T. :\larshall), Newport Railway (Supt. George Strickland and Amhulance Officer A. J. Powell), :\'ewport

I' casualties" that might occur to the 65 girls In camp, under the command of Grimrodd.

Ambulance Sister Rose :\Iorris was in charge of a hospital tent, fully equipped and superv ised by Nurse Davies, the trained nurse of the ])ivision.

Mrs. Dease, O.B.E., Lady Ambulance Officer, was responsible for the business-I ike arrangeme nts, a nd cleverly improvised tables and cupboards in the tent.

The Officers and those In camp warmly appreciate d the way in which the 139 cases were dea l t with.

The am hulancc arrangements were inspected hy the Commissioner for\\r a lcs a nd Lady Lewis,

High Street Railway (Supt. J. Barber), ewport Town (Supt. George Hopkins), Newport Cadets (Am bulance Officer S. Jones); Divisional Surgeon \\T. J. Roche and Corps Officer J. :\Iarshall were also on parade.

During the afternoon, demonstrations squad drill, stretcher drill and hand-seats drill were eff1c ien tly performed under the direction of Corps Sergeant-:\lajor H. Browne.

H. C. Biss a member of the Town DI\ ISIOn, was the recipient of the Service :\Iedal, awarded on completion of fifteen years' efficient sen ice. In acknowledgement, Sergeant Biss referred to the happy relationship existing between the Borough Polic'e and St. Joh n t11 bu lance B I·igade. The

Th e I1C\\ \ll1bulance Cadct l' nil of Bla c kburn.

-F IRS T

inspecting Officer, in addressing the parade, expressed his satisfaction with the efficiency shown, and impressed upon all ranks the importance of persistent training and co-operation. "i r r

Dr. IacCormac and Corps Supt. Storey expressed their pleasure at the attendance of the following Officers, who had g iven much service to the Brigade, and who are now on the Reserve of Officers: Mr. A. G. E. J. Fudge (formerly Commanding Officer and later Borough Commissioner), Mr. G. J. Rowlands (a former Commanding Officer ) , l\Tr. G. Hunt (Divisional Supt.), Mr. G. Campbcll Oliver (a former Commanding Officer and until recentl y Borough Commissioner).

The St. John A mbulance Association, 19 2 7.

IN th e 19 27 R e port of Chapter General of the Order of St. John we learn that the Association s till plou g hs th e succes s ful path which it first be g an in 18 77, and that its records for issue of certificates and ex amination awards still march forward. Thus, in its Jubilee y ear, through the medium of Centres and Detached Classes, the Association issued 38,158 certificates, 11,169 medallions, 26,498 labels, and 3,296 pendants, in each cas e an increase on the figures for last year.

The g lor y of Ambulance Work is that its beneficent ra y s spread from home throughout the British Empire. So we note with pleasure that the activit y of Overseas Centres of the Association continues to b e apparent; and the Report makes reference to the good work being done by the Central. Councils in South Africa, New Zealand, AustralIa, and also Canada, the President and Assistant S ecretar y of which made welcome visits to hom e and the' 'Gate" during the year.

Ne g otiations with the War Office for examination of R.A.M.C. at the Training Establishment a t Crookham Camp were carried throu O' h to successful conclusion; and a number of classes were held. The official demonstrator of the Association, Mr. Hanmer, still continues to receive requests for exhibitions of his film and for practical demonstrations; and duri ng the year he has given up and down the country a number of such exhibitions, all of which have been well attended.

The Report foreshadows establishment in 1928 of a Police Competition, a forward movement for whIch we have nothin O' but praise more especially as in the early days gf the ciation the Metropolitan and Provincial Police were prominent among those who became its certificated pu pils. Reference is made to the successful I nter-Railway Competition of 1927 in which the Southern Railway again secured first place.

Before the year ends we hope that we shall find

A I D.- Septemher, I928.

yet another National Competition controlled by the Association, and that the Miners of this country, good friends to the Am bulance Cause, may meet together to fight for championship honours.

For the rest the Association continues to promote establishment in London and the Provinces of Medical Comforts Depots, which are not quite as modern as some people imagine, si nce in the early days Nursing Guilds of the Association organised such institutions: and it is still in possession of funds with which it can assist creation of others. The Invalid Transport Corps, which is almost as old as the Association and owes its origin to John Furley, maintains its record of good work and supports a fleet of four up-to-date motor ambulances, which recorded a total of 57,000 miles co v ered during 1927. Further, the St. Paul's Station, the last of many such org anIsed In Its early days by the Association, proved once more its usefulness and rendered assistance to 1,000 patients during the y ear.

Such the records in its y ear of Jubilee, we may cordIall y congratulate the Association on a successful y ear, while we express the hope that it may continue to be true to its two objects of foundation, namely- (1) the instruction of pupils in the first treatment of sick and injured p a tients, and (2) the spread of useful ambulance mat e rial.

"First Aid" Marking Sheet Library.

D u ru TG the winter months wh e n practices an I drills are held weekly it is sometimes difficult to formulate a programme to sustain interest. Realising thi s , we have, owing to our lar g e library of marking sheets collectcd over a numb e r of years, th e majority of which have b ee n c o mpiled from some of the best competition authorities in th e country, been able to formulate a s eries of test sheets for weekly practices.

These taken in rotation throughout the wint e r session will give the competition aspirant and divisions a comprehensive ran g e of tests of the text-book, and give him or her an insight of what is required In an up-to-date First Aid Competition. The sets which comprises each mon th 2 Team Tests, 4 I ndivid ual Practical and 5 Viva Voce, and em braces a series covering the period from October, 1928, to May, 1929, will be sen t to any reader each month for an inclusive sum of 7s. 6d., or 1s. per set, post free.

It is essential that readers should reO'ister their names with us at once so that the; can receive this series of test sheets each month, and so have a comprehensive series of practices throughout the winter season.

September. I9 28 -FIRST Great Western.

SOUTHALL.

A pleasing little ceremony took place at the King's Hall, Southall recently, when the Rev. A . F. Parsons, "who is leaving the district aftcr a s ix years' ministry, received a number of farewell O' ifts. Among these was a handsomely embossed b rass inkstand subscribed for by railway ambulance men in token of appreciation of the keen interest w hich the recipient took in their work, and in a llowing them the use of the King's Hall for lec tures and practices. The presen tation was m a de by Mr. F. \iV ebster, stationmas ter. I n responding th e Re v . Parson s said that the gift "would remind h im of the host of railwa y men friends he had in th e district.

READING.

Ambulance workers through the G.\iV.R. he ard with deep regret the death of Mr. J. H. Batt, D ivisional Secretary of the London (I'\ o. 2) D iv ision, which took place on the 1st instant. af t e r a painful illness.

Mr. Batt who had been a first aid enthusiast f or v ery many years had filled the post of divisional se cretar y for a decade "with distincti.on. He a ho lder of thc G. \iV. R. lon g servIce medals 111cl udin 0' the Ouarter-Century Medal awarded to h im inn the y (ar of its institution, and a Serv ing B rother of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem.

Besides hi s activities in connection with the G .W.R., Mr. Batt was prominent in Brigade work bo th in Slough and later at Readin g He held the Ion 0 - service medal of t.he Brigade, and at the (i me of his death, was District Officer for the Co unty of Berkshire. . He was laid to rest WIth full honours at the O ld Cemeter y at Reading 011 the 5th instant, a p reliminary service bei n g held at St. John's C hurch. The lar u e attendances and wealth of 110ral tribute s speaking testimonies to the es teem in which he was held.

On S e pl e mber 12 th, a l t h e R a ilw a ySo c ia l Ip s wi c h, t h e m e mber s of N o .1 L.N.E.R. Ambllbinc e Dlv1 S o n m e t o 1ece iv e th e award s for the year 192 8. :\ goo d of tl: e m e mber s a nd f ri e nds "ver e prese nt. Thi s old D1 vlSlOn s tLiI s how s a very liv e ly a nd ke e n il:t e.r es l work, tcac hin o oth e r s Lo r e nd e r fir s t cud 10 th e Injur ed, dnd 1n c ompe titiont'> work Aft e r a n int e re s ting a ddr e s " th e w e re pre se nted by Mr. A. Woolford, F.R.P.S., to th e folI o \\'n a memb e r s : _ Voucher s : Georg e P a mm e nL and M e dalli o ns : William Godd a rd, S te phen P1 ck ess , Geo r g-c Todd Gcor o·e Fr e n c h, and Alfre d Bu rg es s_ : 'Wat s on, ·William Alfred Robin s on, H e nry Rufford, Allen, S.ldn e? Ro s e , B e rtie Farrow Arthur Woolford V\ t1ltam O. F1 s h e l, Erne s t S. Brown, Willi a m Preddy, St a nl ey Co ck e r , Erne s t S. Thompson, and James E Cobbold.

Practical First Aid and Home Nursing (By Question

Answer).

Arr a n ge d by M a j o r S. T. B

TR

Q. - \Vh a t m et h od s a r e u se d to ca r ry a pat ie nt s in g leh a nd e d?

\. -(a) Th e b ac k-li ft, (b) fir e m a n' s -li ft.

Q. - Wh e n is th e bac k-l ift m et h od su it a b le ?

A. - Th e b ac k-lif t m et h od is use d wh e n th e pat ie n t is ab le t o g i,'e ass sta n ce.

Q. - D esc r ibe t h e b ac k- l ift.

,\. - Pl ace h e pat ie n " 'i th his bac k to yo u rs, s li g h t ly s l oo p, pl ace yo ur h a nd s ove r yo u r s h o uld e r s a nd g-rasp th e pa ti e nt und e r h e a rm-pit s, brin g hi s wc ig h L \\ ·1'11 u p n to the s mall of th e b ac k , a nd sta nd up. T o l o w e r t h e pat ie n l Lo t h e g ro und , b e nd d ow n o n left kn ee, pl ace h im in a s itt in g pos tur e

Q .-If th e pat e n t is h e lpl ess or i nsensi bl e, how s h ou ld h e b e ca rri e d s i ng le -h a nd e d ?

\. - B y m ea n s of "t h e fi r ema n 's li ft."

a .-D esc rib e h o w o car r y a pat ie n t b y " t h e fi r e m an's lift ,,-

A. - 1. R oll t h e pat ie n t m'er o n hi s face, th e a rm s by the s id e 2, St a nd at t h e h ea d p lace yo ur h a nd s be n eath the p a ti e nt 's s h o uld ers a nd r a ise h im lo t h e 3 Pl ace yo ur h a nd s u n d e r t h e patie n t - a r m - pits, ralse him up ; stoo p , pl ace yo ur h ea d h is bo d y, bri ng h i ri g ht a rm r o und yo ur n ec k, pu t yo u r nght h and around the pat ie n t's ri g h t t hi g h , brin g hi s :\'eig l: t well to t h e centre o f yo ur b ac k, gras p hi s r ig h t \\'fl st w1 t h yo u r ng h t hand and ri se t o th e e r ec t pos iti o n.

a. - H o w is a pat ie nt carri e d by \\' o b ea r e r s (1) i. f ab le t o s itup , (2) if in e n s ibl e ?

\. -

1. B y t h e h a nd !:>eal.

2 On e b ea r e r kn ee ls , passes hi s h a nd s u nd er t h e armpit s a nd cl as ps th e m in Jro n t of hi s chest, t h e bearer ca rri es th e pa ti e n t feet fi rs t Wi t h a l eg o n Sid e. If the lo w e r limb is injure d , b ot h legs s h o uld be t ied toget h er and carri e d in a h o ri zo nt a l pos i t io n

O. - ln r e ll1O\ 'al by st re t c h e r, \\ h a t d ete rmin e in a g r eat th e p os ition i n whi c h a pat ie n t s h ou ld be p laced during tra n s port ! - (1 ) Th e pa rt injure d , (2) t h e n at ur e of t h e injur y.

a .- In a ll ca es hO\\ ' s h o uld t h e h ea d he pl ace d dur ing tra n sp o rt ? "

A. - L o \\' and nol pr esse d fo ny a rd o n Lo t h e c h est.

Q .- In injuri es o f th e h ea d , \\ hat pr eca ut io n s h o uld be tak e n ? , \ ._Th e pa li e nt s h o uld b e s o pl ace d th a t t h e injure d p art c10e s n ot pres a ga in s l th e s tr e t c h e r.

A I . . 'S o f lh e lo w e r l imb h o w \\·i ll t h e p at ient - n InJurtc b e pl;ce d during- lr a n s po rl ?

i\. - L a id up o n hi s bac k inclinin g tmya rd t h e lIlJ u red s id e

g. JIo\\' v"ill a patient be carried in case. of of the upper limb ",hcn it is nccessary to place 111m In a 1)'lllgdown po::.ilion ?

.\. -On his back on the uninjured sick

g.-How \\"ill a patient \\"ith an injury of the che be carried?

•\. - "\'ill1 the che::.t well raised and inclined towards the injured side

0. - "\'hat care \\'ill be ob en' ed in adjusting thc slings of th; stretcher?

,\. - To sec that they arc buckled so that the parls supporting thl' poles arc at equal distance from the ground.

g. - How is the patient usually carried on (1) Ie\ cl ground, (2) going up hill, (3) dO\\'I1 hill ?

A. - 1. Feet Jlrst 011 le\ el ground.

2. Head first going up hill.

3. Feel fir going down hill.

g. How will a case of fracture 'If the I,l\\ l'r limh he carried (1) on level ground, (2) going up hill, (3) go in g dl1\\'ll hill?

.\. - 1. Feel ilrst on le"el ground.

2. Feel 11r::.t going up hill.

3. Head first going down hill.

g. - \\'hen is the carriage-stretcher applicable-:

,\.-It can be utiliscd where there are good k\'l:l roads, and il1 transporting cases to a general hospital.

g. - l\ll'ntioll two other mcthods of imprO\'ising a stretcher.

A - 1. Coal stretcher. I'd adc by inturning the of two coats, through \\'hich the poles are passed, and buttoning the coats.

2. By lixing a rope O\'er ttJe poles by mean::, of the clo\'e-hitch or double turn.

g. - In all where stretchers are used, what precaution l11ust be exercised?

A -They should be thoroughly tested to their strength and for the carriage of the patients prior 10 being used.

Ambulance Work in a Country Town.

IT is market day.

People are bustling round the sta lls in the market place, wh ile cheap jacks arc bawli ng the superiority of their "wares, and quacks are offering cures for every disease under the sun.

The shops are crowded and the divisional Supt., a draper in business life, is bus)' with the rest.

An agitated woman rushes in and tel Is him there is a dreadful accident two miles out, and one man is lying in the road, ; she hurried up on a bicycle for the am bulance.

The supt. apologises to his customers, despatches an errand boy for the corporal driver, a grocer, hands his customer to an assistant and joins the corporal as he comes running pasL.

Across the market place, through the church -

yard to the garage where the ambulance stands ready, the s lid i ng dOGrs already open.

The engine started up, away they go, an urban district employee in overalls, a member of the division is spotted at work, a shout, t.he ambulance s low s up, hc scramb lcs in behind and off it goes again

Then comes the scene of thc accident.

A narrow village street, a crowd of excited women from the adjoining COLlages, an elderly man lying on his side on the g round in the centre of the road, proppecl up by cush ions and an inverted chair, and a clergyman who has evidently stopped hi 1 being moved. A large horse-drawn van with shafts gone "which has evidentl y struck a wall and is now facing in the opposite direction.

The Divisional Supt. goes at once to the case, the U. D. C. man fetches the su rgieal case, and the d ri ver goes further up the street to tu rn the am bulanc e and then comes to assist.

The patient is conscious, condition good, says he was thrown from t.he van when the shaft pin came out and the horse bolted; he complains of pain in the right thigh.

The chair and cushions arc gently removed, a pillow placed under the patients head and the injured limb supported while he is turned carefully on his back.

There is a shortening of about an inch, and the foot does not layover. Diagnosis: fracture of femur, upper third. The Supt. asks for a messenger to hospital. A motor cyclist. looking on, vo lunt eers and a "written message is sent :-

Road aceiden t at S. l\lan.

Fractured fem ur.

Bringing a lon g at ollce.

Dr. J.'s patient. Signed, Divisional Supt.

The patient's coat and waistcoat arc undone to save trouble at hospital and a splint applied underneath from arm-pit to heel, the short splint inside being omitted owing to position of limb due to impact. The stretc her is placed at the patien t's head and the services of a hefty agricul tural worker enlisted to act as 2, while the corporal and U.D .C. man are attend in g to the van-driver's hand, which was scraped at the back t.hrough being dragged by the horse the Supt. passes along the ,vaiti ng cars.

The st retcher case is then loaded up and taken to the Cottage IIospit a l where a bed is all ready with fracture boards.

At the matrons request the patient. is undressed, the ambulance taken back to the garage, and all are hack at husiness within an haul' of receiving the call.

\,\Then time permits the Supt. semIs a tactful

September 19 z5 . -FIRST

note La the U.D.C. Surve),oL-, say in g why he called his man from work.

An hour lat er a telephonc message comes from hospit.al asking fo[- two men to .to X-ray room. Tbe plate confirms their diagnOSIs, and l11esage is can veyed to his friends tell i ng them the result.

Detailed Marking Sheet, NO.7·

No. 1. (,\) In the First Aid treatment of poisoning, en U1l1erate those action s \-\'hic hare ['ccom mended ei ther not to do, or to avoid because they arc wrong or harmful.

(B) Enumerate fully the p.:>isons which burn or stain the mouth, and give all their names.

Time limit: 6 minutes.

(,\) 1. 1 ot to give oil- animal vegetable

111 of poisoning' by pllllSpllu,u )

2. Not to gi\e Illincral nil in any

3. In Ilarcntic poisoning' IluL tu allll\\' the paticnl tll g,) tLl

-I-. Not to wash the \\';liciJ may iJa :c Cl1lltained the

S. In Str\'chnine poisonin:< do 11l1l \\',lit for breathing - to befL)re c01l1mencing artil1cial rcspiration

0. III prussaic acid p,)i (.Ill nul .\\ ,llt fl:lhreathing to bdnre cOl1l1l1ellcll1g artllicial

7. Not Lo gi\ e the uncollscious patient anything to drink by the mouth

(13)

8. Not to gi\ 'c emetics in cases of poisoning by substances \\ ' hich burn or stain the mouth \cicb

1. itric .\qua forLi::.

2. Sulphuric Oil of \ itriol

3. Hydrochloric l\luriatic ... Spirits of salts

-1-. Strong carbolic acid ,e Phenol"

J. Oxalic acid

Oxalate of potash Salts of sorrel Salls of lemon

Polishing paslc Cllrt'osi\ e \lk alies

1. potash

2. Caustic

3. Strong ammonia

Nos. 3 and S. - You are returning' h01l1efrol1l theAmbulance Class with a irsl Aiel Box which you are taking to the Competition to-morrow.

You see in th distance two youths strugglll1g, and on gelting n arer yOLl see one youth stab the in. the abdomen, jump int o a smal l two-seater and dnve C]LIlckly away, whilst the injured youth fa,11 .on. to ground. It is summer time, and I1nc. fllnc 111111t : nine minutes.

Notes for Judge :to he lying on his right Side With leg I?cnl.

\Vllen 1l1emhers ha\'c rcad Card nf I nstruct Ion p;lllCllt tt) ell l put" Tll'lp ." Til' twu c hail 's tl1g-dhl'r t,l f'l'pITsent ,oar. 1'1;1L'l IlLlllllll'r

Al D.-

on back of same. Skward to remOl'c chairs as patient calls for help.

\Vid e bandage round waist of patient. Mark thereon wound.

Paint right knee-cap with red grease paint.

11l1mediate Action.

l\'1odc of action and approach on patient

I mmediately note details and number of car 2

Caution patient make no attempt Lo lllo\'e 1

Tact and encoumging words to patient 1

Examination of patient.

spil1t' for possible injurie (noil(') 2

Carefully turn patient on back; abdomen -I-

Locate site of wound (Icft side front) 3

Observe h;;emorrhagc ; ask if evere (only slight) 3

Ask naturc of wound (three inches 2

If wound deep (no) ; if intestines protrude (no) i-

Next observe ha.:l1lorrhagc right leg- on patella 2

Ask if hleeding SC\ ere (no); colour of blood (dark) 2

Exclude injuries to upper limb (none) 2

Raise and support of patient 3

Inquire where man (20 yards down road) 2 rig-hL lo\\'cr limb COllll11\:ncillg- with pall' I 1;1 2

.\sk if of pO\\'cr (yes); if irregularity 2

f gap felt (yes) ; if any foreign hodies (1lL1) 2 left 100\ cr limb fur injuric::. (none) 2

Flex left lower limh.. 3

\sk if al1\'one available to fetch doctor (no 1

If any <u;1bulance in (at ho::.pital - half-a-milc a\\,ay

Ring' -up for ambulance; explicit mes::.age (here in 11\'e minutes)

One member goes to patient's house

Tactfully explains to relatives

Obtain blanket to CO\ er patient

Treatmcnt of Patient.

Abdomen:

I odine to fingers before touching dressillg s

Iodine to wound skin round; allow to dry

Clean dry absorbent dres ing to wound

Apply bandag-e firmly but not too

Further encouraging words to patient

Right Lower Limb:

Control and support injured limb

Iodine to llngers ; \\'ound ; skin round; allo\\' to dry

Clean dry absorbent dressing to_ \yound.

Bandage firmly; pad splint to tit dresslllg \ppl\' splint back of limb; buttock to heel

Correctly secured with t\\'o bal:dages

Further secure splint round thigh and leg.-\;;k if h,clllorrhage in both cases still controlled

K eep foot well su pported off. grou nd

Cover patienL warmly ; <lmbulancp -\ccompan)' paticnt to hospital; report to uoctor

Smartness llnd co-operation of members Total

Thc l-+th an n ual com petition organ ised Chesterfield and District Ambulance attracted 31 teams to the Drill Hall, Chestertield, on September 15th, wnen Bolsover Divi ion team (i\1essrs. C. ,\Vard, F. A. and F. and A. Thomson) set up a record by Wll1 n Illg t.hree trophies. The judg-es were Dr. J. F. Hamtlton and Dr. J. J. IIu e)' and they were ahle to compliment the teams genera lly upon the high standard of theil- \\·ork.

fetters to the

We are in no way responsible for the opinions expres5ed or the statements made, by Can espondents. - EDITOR.

Ai EXPRESSIO OF OPI I ION re THE S.]. A B. TEXT BOOK.

DEAR SJR, -

As usual, when venturing to express an opinion, in thi::i case, not only my o"'n, but the sharing of similar opinions of quile a number of persons I have met from time to time during the last ten years, diffident of appearing in print, but would be ambulance enthusiasts, I evidently fail to make my meaning clear.

It is not the Quality, but the Quantity of knowledge demandpd that I know ha acted as a deterrent to very possible recruits, and interfered with the laying of a foundation of divisions.

Your correspondents seem to think that I do not realise that" Medicine and Surgery are always advancing," but that should not prevent the deleting of matter otherwise superseded. You can keep on these lines until the book becomes a kind of Encyclopced ia Britannica, while another seems shocked to think that anyone should dare to express an opinion al all. \Vhereas my sole intention to draw attention to the importance of not discouraging possible recruits-\'olunteers, be it remembered, not candidates for a Civil Service examination. That excellent production, illustrated from photographs I-eally good half-tone blocks, the Text Book of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association should not be forgotten; also the Man ual for the Royal Army l'l'ledical Corps. These publ ications "set their facts in simple and yet s),stemised fashion," ,vhile an entire column on page 56 of FIRST Am for August sho\-,"s us there are others.

l\1any of your readers may be highly gratified at reading, under Editororial, FIRST Am for August (front page) that the S.J.A. B. now numbers 52,773 at home (of whom 4-,678 are cadets), but that is out of a population of 43,000,000. Later we read "the Cadet MO\ 'e ment has not increased "ery rapidly during the year." Therefore a sustained effort s hould be 11.1ade to attract recruits and retain them when you do obtain them -Faithfully yours,

£. ]. RACK\\,lTZ.

:\IILITARY HOME HOSPITAL RESERVE. DEAR SIR, -

The Acting Chief Comm issioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade (Sir Perc ival Wi l kinson) is reported in the press as ha\ ing stated at an inspection of the Northampton Corps, 011 July 14th, that" Members must not confuse the new reser\,E''' (referring to the Mi litary Hospita ls Reserve) "with that of the Home Hospita l Reserve, which was founded before the War as a reserve to the Te1'1'ito17'als who ,,,ere for home defence only." ,

If the Acting Commissioner is reported correctly, he surely should know that this statement is incorrect.

The Military Home Hospita ls Reserve was a R eserve for the Regular R. A. M. c., and its object was to relieve t h e Medical Corps staffing the Home Military Hospitals, and thus alJow the R A M. C. to proceed overseas wit h the Expeditionary Force.

This in fact occurred on Mobi lisation, and the S. J .A.B. took oyer the Home Military H ospitals.

The late Chief Comm,issioner (Sir J ames Clark) very properly pointed out, when a quest ion arose as to members of the Brigade joining the reserYe for the Territor ial Genera l Hospitals, before the War, that the Brigade ,vas pledged to staff the reserve of the R egular R. A. M. C, and the former

A I D.- September, 1928

Chief Comm issioner, t h e l ate In specto r Ge n eral B e lg rave N i n n is, h e ld the same vi ews

Th e m em be l'S of t h e Bri gad e we r e d rafte d i n to t h e Terr itor ia l R. A.M.C. u n ts t h roug h t h e Briga d e H eadquarters, altho u gh many membe r s en li sted ind epe nd e n t ly

As an o d officer of Ih e Br igade w h o too k so m e part in draft ng members of t h e Br igade into the Regula?' Mi li tary Hospita ls, it seems on ly rig h that the error w hi c h the Acti n g Chief Commissioner ma d e sho ul d be corrected

It might be po inted out t h a t ma n y of the men w h o we r e drafted into the M. H. H. R were soon sent overseas i nto t h e Mi l itary Hosp ita ls n France an d e l sewhere.

I am, S ir, yours faithf ull y, " O LD BRIGADE."

DEAR Sm,-

The enclosed cutting appeared in the Daily Mail on the 23rd August. You will notice that it is m isleading In the first place Sal Volati le and Soda Bicarbonate, both being alkaline, do not fizz when mixed The dose of Soda Bicarbonate is from 5 to 30 grains (half a teaspoonf u l, therefore, being the max i mum dose) One teaspoonfu l equa ls 60 grains

Very few first-aiders are aware of the constituents of Sal Vo latile, and having regard to page 26, of the" Black Book," I think they should know that it is large ly composed of alcohol.

The following are the ingredients :- Strong solution of AmlTlonia, 200 parts; Ammonia Carbonate, 100 parts; Alcohol, 90 per cent., 3,000 parts; Oil of Lemon, 20.3 parts; Oil of Nutmeg, 14 1 parts; Water, 1,500 parts -Yours faithfu ll y,

C.LE.

We reprint below the paragraph referred to above.

SAL VOLATILE COCKTAIL.

An old man, looking tired and hungry, came to the SL John Ambulance tent during l\Iitcham Fair and asked for something to ease his throat, as he had been shouting till h e was hoarse.

sister, in charge at once poured him out a cup of tea, which he 1I1dlgnantly refused, " I want something better than that," said he .

The sister thereupon gave him a specia l cockta l of h e r own invention-sal vo ati le and water wit h a teaspoonfu l of bicarbonate of soda to make it fizz. Two gulps and the glass was emptied "That's something l ike a drink. I can feel it going warm all round me," dec lared the gratefu l patient.

Binding Copies of "F.A."

O WING to the number of applications we have received for the binding of copies of FIRST AID, we have made arrang e ments whereby we can supply bindings at the following prices :-

Complete Volume 9/ - post free.

Binding Volumes 6/- returned post free.

(Copies supplied by reader, which should compris e the Nos. July to June inclusive.)

Cases for Binding 2/9 post flee.

The cases for binding are of leather cloth, with the title of the publication in gold letters on the front and side and th e eight-pointed cross on front. Orders should be sent to Dale, Reynolds & Co., Ltd., 46, Cannon-street LondoD, E.C.4 . '

S eptember . 1928 -FIR ST

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EDITOR IALR oad Speeds a n d F rst Ai d

A Du ty

BRIGADE D ISTRICT REPORTS No.3; No.5 No.6; No.8

No.9

No 1 1

Priory for Wa les

St. John Ambu lance Association, 1927

, First Aid" Marking Sheet Library

RAILWAY AMBULANCEGreat Western

Practica l F irst Aid Home Nursing

Am bu lar!ce Work in a Country Town

Detailed Marking Sheet, No.7

LETTERS TO TilE EDITORAn Expression of Opinion re S .]. B. Text Book

Military Home Hospitals Resen'e

H e lpers in Hyg iene

AMBULANCE NEWS CUTTINGS -

Four Rescurers Electrocuted

Lightning Victims

Rescued from the Thames

Our Nurses' Pages

PRACTICAL POINTSSaved by his

Sa\'e d hy Nursemaid

Sa "cd by Neigh hOLi rs

Need for Action

Fatal P i n-Prick

From Month to Month

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTSFractured Co llarbone of Arm less Ian

How ler

B leed ing frol11 Nose

Strict u re of D iaphragm

Treatment of Wasp Sting

Humo u rs of First A id

Treatment of Stryc h nine Poisoning

Defin it ion of Pain

By p er mi ss io n of M r. J. p. Cob b old, t h e a nnu a l in s p ect io n of th e Ip SW Ic h Cor p s .of t h e Br i O'a d e t oo k p lace in IIol ywe ll P ark , I pSW Ich, o n 1 5th Th e C o r ps asse m b led at head qu a r te r s in Sa mu e l- road, a nd , h eaded by the i r b u O' le a n d d r um b a nd , m a r c h ed to t h e pa rk.

Su pt. C. E F id dy was i n c h arge, a n d the Mayo r (M r. W. R ow l ey E lli sto n ) i n spected t h e Co rp s

Helpers in Hygiene. *

By ANDREW BALFOUR, C B., C M.G , M D. Di1'ector, London Sclzool of Hygiene and Tropical lIIedicine.

( Continued fi'01IZ page 44).

THERE were, however, other directions in which these early helpers of hygiene exhibited activity. The hea l th of the indiv idual was not altogether neglected, though it is true that, for the most part, the individual received attention chiefly because he formed part of a community. It was, in other words, communal, rather than personal, hygiene to which the earlier workers devoted themselves. Take, for example, Lind's efforts to get scurvy stamped out of the Navy by the issue to the individua l sai lor of a ration of lemon juice. Consider how the individual slave benefited from certain efforts affecting his personal welfare, made by \Vilberforce and others in their campaign against the appalling conditions of the trade in black ivory.

Until quite recently, I fancy that few had any idea that some of the recent developments on which we pride ourselves had Lheir counterparts long ago.

Dr. Mabel Buer, of Reading University, has unearthed some interesting facts which show that considerab le attention was paid to infant and child welfare in the latter part of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century. There was actually a ba by clin ic in London in 1815, the year of Waterloo

N ow whence came these more enlightened ideas on the saving of young lives? From a study of the ancient Greeks, that nation of heroes, athletes and phi losophers, who certainly were well versed in all matters relating to bodily health? It is unlikely . From the ancient Romans, that race which performed remarkable feats in sanitary engineering, and had inherited some of hygienic wisdom of the Greeks? It is improbable, for the Romans appear to have had little thought for child li fe

I can n ot he l p wondering if it was not a legacy from a very remarkable man, a great helper in hygiene, and, indeed, not only a helper but a leader. So far as I can discover, his name and fame have in this country been ,\'holly forgotten, though upon the Continent, where he lived and wo r ked, t h ey are remembered, and they are known a lso to ce r tain American hygienists. Perhaps in E n O' land t here has been too great a tendency in 1:> matte r s hygien ic to say we are, or were, the people, a n d wisdom remains with us In other words, l(nowin 0' t h at En o- land led the \Va)' in public health

1:> 1:> • l eg is lation, Eng l ish students of the subject are a

* An Address de l ivered under the auspices of the Isle of Man Red Cross Society at the conclusion of Health \ Veek, l\ I arch 4- th, 1928.

September, 19 28 -FIRST

AID - 73

little apt to imagine that modern hygiene originated in this country, and Me not disposed to lo ok abroad and see what other nations had done in pre-Chadwickian days. It is true that the Engl ish first, of all peoples, placed hygiene on a sound basis, establ ished a definite system of organ ised san itary control, and enlisted the power of the law in regulating and enforci ng publ ic health procedure. Let LIS, hm\'e\'er, remembcr that when England was Slink in dirt and the cleanliness of thc Dutch was proverbial, amI let us pay homage to the memory of that leader of whom I spoke, who was no other than John Peter Frank.

You

" ' ill not find his name in the "Encyclopaxl ia Britan nica," though quite a respectable sraceis devoted to another Frank, one Jakob, who, of all things on earth, was a ]e\\'ish theologian. Y ct our Frank was once a name with which to conjure, and -:\apoleon, no mean hygienisthimsclf, tried in vain to obtain his services. He "was born at Rotalben, in Bavaria, in 1745, the year beforc Culloden, whcn the death rate in London was 50 per 1,000--i n 1926 it was 11'6-and life had an lIncertai nty about it to which it is no\\" a stranger, save in the matter of motor vehicles His father was French. After studying at Heidelberg, i\letz, and Strasburg, he grav itated to Gattingen and then to Pavia, eventually becoming DirectorGeneral for San itation in Lombardy, somewhere about 1786. Think of that! In 1795 he was called to Vienna by the Emperor of Austria as consu l tant for the health of the troops. Thereafter we find him as a Professor at \Viln a, then at St. Petersburg, and finally back again in Vienna, where he died, full of years and honours, in 1821.

He must have been a man of courage and humour. \iVhen he lay dying there were eight eminent doctors round his bed who had been summoned to attend him. He smi led and said : " This reminds me of the end of a French soldier wounded by eight musket shots at the battle of Wagram. 'l\Iorbleu!' said he, dying, ' it takes not less than eight bullets to kill a French grenadier. "

Fran k \vas a vol uminous wri ter and covered a wide field, but I mention him to-night because as a hygienist he was far ahead of his period, and because he wrote a truly astonishing book, ent itled, " J\. Complete System of Police Medicine. "t This, the first authoritative work dealing with public hygiene, appeared in successive vol umes between the years 1779 and 1817.

I t dealt with nearly every aspect of hvo"ienic _ b actl\T[ty, 1l1cludlng what we are pleased to regard as modern deyelopments. The author writes on

lt s CL'r1l1<ln titk is (. S\'s telll ciner \ ollstandio"cil Illcdicini..,clll'1l 1\)li/.L }." The \\"Z)rd « Polizl'\'" 11l'rl' a \\"ider ..,ignilinlllcL' thall (( plllin'." II Ill;;Y pl'ril;q)s he (rall..,lalL:d (( public sccurity""

sexua l hygiene and matern ity and ch ild welfare IIe discourses on the education of children. He considers the value of foundling institutes and orphanages, and look s at schools and gym nasia from the public health standpoint. A volume is devoted to the problems of II utrition, food and dri 11 k being considered and the importance of moderation stressed. IIous i ng is discussed an d health conditions generally. The question of cemeteries is not forgotten, an d there are disquisitions on the healing art and on schoo ls of medicine. The importance of veterinary knO\,vledge and its relations to medicine receive attention, and a lto gether it is start lin g to find how Frank anticipated posterity. I can find no record of his great work being translated into English or even into French, but a treatise which he wrote on the mcthod of rearing healthy children was translated into the latter tongue, and hence it is conceivable that it ,vas his influence which led to the carly movements in infant welfare of which we have spoken In addition to being a great clinician, a man of affairs and an illustri ous hygienist, Frank was a dreamer of dreams. He formed the conception of a State guided by public health considerations, a kind of Utopia wherein Hygeia should reign supreme, and where affairs \Vould be conducted for the true and lasti ng benefit of mankind. It is not surprising that, with his knowledge and acumen, he should have conceived such an idea when, all around him, he saw the misery and wretchedness produced by successive wars and reflected on the welter of intrigue and pol itics as well as on the endeavours of the proletariat to obtain a place in the sun. Remember, he li ved through the days of the French Revolution, "when, \vi th much that was vile and repellent, there were the germs of great thi ngs and indeed, in some ways, the beginnings of a new \\Torid.

\Vhatever may have been Frank's influence on England, there can be no doubt he left his mark on the State medicine of Germany, Scanclinavia and Russia, but he lived, for the most·part, in troublous times, and even after his death the continental nation s had not the means to put his precepts generally into practice. The man who followed him was Max von Pettenkofer, but we need not consider his exploits as a helper in hygiene.

Rather let us skip the intervening yea rs, including those when Sir John Simon, as Dr. Simon and Central Medical Officer to the General Board of Health, was making history, ably assisted by Southwood Smith and others, albeit remembering that Lecky has pen ned a noble epitaph for these stirring and fruitful times. IIe wrote: "The great work of sanita ry reforms has been, perhars, the nohlest legislativ e ac hievemcnt of our age, and, if mcasured by the suffering it has d i111 i n is hed, has prohahl y done rar more for the

real happinc ss o[ mankind than all tbe many questions that make and unmake ministries."

Its history is set forth in Simon's classic, " English San itary Institutions." The fight was won but the position had to be maintained, and [L1 rthermore, it soon became eviden t that the victory, though great, was not complete. In add ition, it came gradually to be recognised, as Frank had long before envisaged, that new methods of warfare had to be adopted. Let us dwell on these maLLers for a space

To maintain the position an adequate health organ isation was required, amI that is why and Wales have now a Health i nistry, adVised by a chief medical officer. Its Medical Department has separate sections dealing respectively with genera l heal th and epidem iology; matern ity and child wel[are, in which section very fittingly a woman is sen ior med ical officer and the med ical oDiccrs and in spectors are all women; tuberculosis and venereal disease; the supervision o[ food su ppl ies; general practitioner services; san itary administration in relation to infectious diseases, and ,AI elsh Board of Health to deal with the publ ic health int ere.sts of the principality.

I will comment on some of these immediately. let us continue the tale and note that other cen tral departments of Govern ment ha \ e important health interests, and so are helpers .in hygiene. The Board of Education with Its responsibilities for the health of school children and the sanitary condition of schools, the Home Office with it s control of the health conditions In factories, 111 i nes and \\' Ork5hops, are appropr iatc exam pIes. The duties of the l\Iedical Department of the Heal th M i nistrv are, speaki ng broadly, advisor), and supervisory, and cover a wide range \Vh ich you will find listed in that masterly memorallll.um, written b)' Sir Geora-e :'\ewman, and entltled b "An Outlin e of the Practice o[ Prevenllve :\Iedicine." Even com111 u n itv intent on hygien ic progress and, especiat'ly, eye r)' backward commu nity striving to amend its ways, should. he famil iar wi th it s pages. Perhaps the type of tbe l\Iinistry's activities which most stro ngly to an audience of thIS 1 that whereby an expert is sent [rom the In Istry to assist the local health officer of a district where either some obscu re infectiou s disease has made its appearance, or where some communicable disorder is prevailing as an epidemic and has not yielded to ordinary measures. officers of health greatly appreciate such _ help, wh ich is also n at u rally of very dehn 1te benefit to the local community and sometimes to the as a whole.

The ol'licial local helpers in hygiene arc the councils o\" the areas intn which the cOLlntr)' is divided. These are the Count)' Councils. There

is, as you know, a County of London, and that county, small in area but packed with people, has its council, and the cou nci I has its medical and health organisation, a large and most important department charged with most onerous duties . Outside London the \\'ork of the County Councils is reinforced by that of the Local Sanitary Authorities, be they urban, rural or port. There are three types of urban local authorities, namely, the county boroughs, the municipal boroughs and the urban districts, all acting through their respective councils. The county boroughs are represented by big towns, each with more than 50,000 people, the municipal boroughs are as a rule smaller tOWIlS, the urban districts, as the name implies, arealso townships and may indeed bevery large and important places which happen never to have had conferred upon them by Pari iament the title of County Borough. As a type take Gosport, with it s 33,000 people. The rural authorities are the COll ncils of rural cl istricts, which vary a good deal but which all answer to the description of country districts with comparati\rely small and scattered populations. I n these districts, however, there may be small to\\'ns or clusters of villages. The state of matters as regards ports varies in different places and may be distinctly specialised. Great ports like London and Liverpool, for example, are under different guidance and control in health matters to the cities whose names they bear.

(To be continued )

J\mbulance J'lews euttings from the

FOUl{ RE SCUERS ELECTROCL TED.

\ motor- car carrying Il\ 'e people co llided ,, "ith am brought dO\\'J1 a tclephone post at LapmdL" near Onl' of thc occupants ,, as killed. Four people \\"110 tned to rCIllOYe a li\'e wire \\ hich had fallcn across the car ,,'cre elcctroclIted. - Daill' i , .Iad.

LIGJIT:\ING V ICfL\IS.

During a sc\ ere thu nder storm at Stone) " 'oDd Crickd Park, Aberde e n, lightning struck the scorer' shed in which eight men \\"ere sheltering and hurkd them to thc gTound" Four of the 111 -.' 11 \\'cr e burned and

The met a \'(:'nli lator \\,<1 knocked oft the roof of the shed, the scoring board \\ as scorched, and the hed ,,"as partly Dt"s!Jalc!l "

R ESCL'El1 TI lE TII.\.\IES

P<.>ople " alking across Ha1lllllersmith Bridge h a d all thrill ,, "hcn a mall mounted the parapet )f the bridge and !lung him "elf into the water.

Two men at onc(' put out in a hoat a nd In grasping" till half-dJ'l1\\'ncd 111all as he 1'0<';1.' to surfac: a <';L'Cl11ld till1L'. TTL \\ IS takell ilsllllrL' \\'1lL'rl' ai"lJiIL"I;ti rL'splrat iOIl w as u<.;l d sun"c..,sfulh, ;l lld \\ as af"kJ"\\,:lrds (akell (() hospital. - l-!,·7'1 "/"K 1'7[1.1'.'

Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

INTRODUCTION.

I t was a happy thought on the part of the Editor of FIRST AID to suggest devoting space to news relating to Nursing Divisions of the Brigade, and to items of interest to their members and to other women First Aiders. ,Vhether this monthly article becomes useful or not largely depends on the readers themselves, who are asked to forward to the Editor Divisional news, notices of lectures, accounts of socials, specially interesting cases they attend, and any other items they may have for inclusion.

The winter season is upon us. The darker evenings provide so much more opportunity for reading and study than the long summer ones. And what First Aider does not have to read and re-read her books and to practise again and again on imaginary patients so as to be ready when emergency arrives? " Practice makes perfect" is very true of First Aid, and no one needs to be more perfect at his or her craft than do its followers, for to act wrongly or rightly in an emergency may make all the difference between life or death.

Classes in First Aid and Home Nursing are being arranged by many Divisions and Technical and other Institutions, where the new recruit can receive instruction, and where also the qualified member can refresh her knowledge. It sometimes happens that one hears of a would-be member of the Brigade who desires to take classes in, or near to, a particular district. If classes were notified, it would be an easy matter to pass on the knowledge quickly to such an enquirer, and some Division might be the richer for a new member.

FIRST AID IN MATERNITY CASES.

Besides First Aid and Home Nursing there are other su bjects which are of value to members of Nursing Divisions, such as Hygiene, Cookery, and First Aid in Maternity Cases. London members may be interested to note that a course of 8 lectures will be given at the L.C.C. School, Chequer-street, Whitecross-street, E.C.1, beginning Wednesday, October 12th, 1922, at 7.30 p. m. The lecturer will be Dr. Mary Blair, and the fee for the Course is 4 / 6. Although this course of lectures has been organised for the Nursing Divisions of Central Area of No.1 District, members of other Divisions arc cordially invited to attend. Knowledge of this subject is necessary, for an Ambulance Sister never knows, when going on Public Duty, or elsewhere for that matter, when she may be called upon to render assistance before a doctor or am bulance arrives.

COMPETITION WOgE:.

Competition work will be occupying the time of many Divisions from now until the Spril}g. This is a very valuable part of the work of a First Aider, how valuable only those who have taken part in it realise. To begin with, must know the two text books thoroughly. ThiS is no li o-ht task, and means never letting the books out of Last year a competitor remarked:

I:>

•

"I always carry my little black book With me In the hope that, though I cannot always be reading it, the knowledge may somehow ooze into me."

The theoretical knowledge is utterly useless unless it can be applied; and, moreover, applied in such a manner that it will fit the emergency, [or no two cases are alike. ,Vith a real patient the fracture rarely occurs in the place where the diagrams in the text book leads one to suppose that it should, nor are wounds often placed at a convenient spot for applying the bandages. Principles must be adapted to the emergency in hand, and, if necessary, material and means of transport improvised where equipment and ambulance are not obtainable.

Competition honours are now so keenly striven for that it is useless for a member to enter unless she is fully prepared for the fray. It may and does mean a great deal of hard work, but there is a large amount of pleasure and even fun to be obtained from it; and though the first place may not be obtained on the Great Day, the competitor feels the more fit for the training, and all the more keen to secure the trophy next year.

A NEW NURSING TROPHY.

I n order to encourage efficiency in bed-making, Lady District Officer, Robina, Viscoun tess Mou ntgarret, O.B.E., has presented a handsome silver cup for competition in that work among the Nursing Divisions of No.1 District. Full particulars are not to hand at the time of going to press, but wi Il be given in this page later.

Trained nurses, working in pairs, have to make beds at the rate of 24 in hour- so would-be cup-holders should start practising forthwith in order that, at least, the clock does not beat them.

A lady Divisional Surgeon once related to the members of her Division a story of two nurses who were told to prepare a water bed for a patient. They filled the bed in the bath-room, and then attempted to carry it back to the bed! Needless to say these two nurses had never been members of the S.J .A.B.

Septern ber, 19 28

AMBULANCE DUTY AT GIRL GUIDES' CAMP.

Ambulance Sisters nowadays get some most interesting duties, one of which is to attend Girl Guide Camps, and to care for the health of th 'e Guides while they are under canvas It calls for more than first aid knowledge, but for those who are able to receive training at one or other of the hospitals, it is a pleasant and not too onerous a duty.

An Am bulance Sister who has Just returned from a week under canvas with 3 companies of Girl Guides, has -;,rriHen a most interesting account of her experiences for circulation among ,her Division. Her only complaint seems to be agalllst the unsuitability of stiff collars, cuffs and belts camp life, especially when the weather IS unkind enough to send much rain, and mackll1tosh and goloshes are the order of the much of her letter deals with the Girl GUlde Side of the camp life, but the following extr,:cts may be of interest to other members who are likely to take a similar duty next year.

She says :-" I was met at the on my arrival by a Guide with a car, and through lovely country, to a field connected wlth large Girls' School, in which the camp was to be pltched. The Commandant received me, and I was then shown the tent set apart for my use, and another to be used as a hospital. In the former was a cam p bed, while my suit-case, raised from ground by + pegs acted as a table. The hospital tent contained 'a camp bed, one folding table, and later 011, a larae box which acted as another table.

"After unpacking, I offered to help with the work in hancl. Larders had to be prepared from boxes, and bread and butter and jam cut for hungry Guides expected to arrive in time for tea. One company arrived that day and two more on the following day. The Commandant, Quarter -:\Iaster and myself each took charge of one company for meals, except tea, of we three partook together, presiding over a dIfferent group for each meal.

,

"Inspection followed each morning, and then I adjourned to the hospItal tent for red - 'o-s The first mornin 0- there were only ressll11:> I:> h' 1 three vaccinated arms and one sore ,heel w IC 1 needed attention but I fixed the time for re, - d dh d to dressings morn Ing .and evenln a, an a ere. this rule durin a the time I was there. Emergencies of course dealt with immediately. I asked for an and a girl, of 13 was deputed for the post. This little gUlde proved to be ,very useful, especial! y as a t when the wanted to practice bandaglllg under mysupelvlSlon.

" On the second afternoon of the camp, one child developed sore throflt and a .of 102 deg. Fahr. She was a very spoIlt chtld, qUlte unfitted for camp life, and absolutely refused to

sleep in the hospital tent. In view of the possibility of infection, it was unwise to allow her to associate with the other Guides. Her captain solved the problem by allowing her to share her tent. Fortunately, all symptoms had disappeared by the morn in g, but she elected to go home, nevertheless.

" Friday morning brought heavy rain which continued till well into Saturday afternoon. To make matters worse, the weather turned quite chilly. Cooking was impossible, or almost so, and beds became soaked with the rain. The Commandant and I took these over to the school, where we emptied out the wet straw and dried the covers The rained cleared off about 3 p.m., and luckily, no one suffered by reason of the damp and cold.

"On Sunday we had a Church Parade. During the service one Guide was carried out fainting. Hardly had she when I had another patient on my hands III the form of a fainting boy. Both recovered and the party marched back to cam p and dinner.

"A Fancy Dress Camp Fire took place on Tuesday, and it was to see. what Guides had done with the hmlted matenal at theIr disposal which consisted chiefly of blankets. A mon 0- others there were Red Indians, Pirates, 1:>' , Arabian Nights, and a complete bndal party consisting of bride, bridegroom, clergyma?, best man and pages. There ,yas much mernment, and finally there was a rush to get to before all the da) rlio-ht had o-one. One of the girls grazed her I:> I:> d' 1 ankle and another twisted an alrea y spra111ec ankle: both of which had to be attended to in the semi-darkness.

" The followin 0- day the cam p was broken up. Tents were struck 11 . 30 a.m. By 2 p.m. the last Gu ide had left, and with party myself, very happy after an enjoyable week s duty."

I t is a-ood that we are allowed to hel p th is wonderful::' Girl Guide movement in this way. l\Jany of the girls will no doubt be the Ambulance Sisters of the future, and therefore the the link between the two bodies, t?e. better It wdl be for the Brigade and for the publiC 111 general.

NEWS FRO I OVERSEAS.

The Lady Supt. in Chief of the Brigade Overseas, 1\lrs. Lancelot Dent, .w,ho t,:o S a a'o inspected the NurSing DIVISions III year I:> 'S Af . Canada, is making a tour .of lllspectJ,on.!n. nca. She has just visited India for a Simi ar purpose. Austral ia and New Zealand are also to receive a deleo-ation from Headquarters, so that the will feel that they not Vve read with interest that, III the for the " fIrs. Lancelot Dent awarded to the most efficient Nurs111g DIViSion III

Canada, marks arc a\\ ' arcled for the pwmptness i n submitting Annual Return s to the I l eaclquarters, and for the neatness and accuracy of the same.

RO \D SIDE HosPJ'L\L.

The Erst R oad Side Hospital was opened at U pstreet, n ea r Can terbuf\', at the be cr innin cr of of this rear. \Iajor \Y. T. I the and women of thc Hcrne Bay Dn rJSlon s of the S , J. A. B., who arc staffin 0' this First Aid Post. These Divisions are to congratu lated on thcir initiative and enterprise A ll mcmb e rs of th,c Bri gade \Yill join in wi sh ing them c"cry succcss In th i r good work.

RID[CTLE.

,Vomen members of the S J A.B. are now wcll known to, and greatly respected by the public when they turn out on duty, and it is often rather pathetic to realise what an immcnse amount of conEdenee a patient will placc in one of them. It is all the more disgusti ng to re ad an article In a wcll-known daily paper, en ti tIed "A Sal Volatile Cocktail)" stat in o- that an Ambulance Sister, on being asked for ;omething to give relief to the sore throat of a man who had been shoutinoat a fair, mixed him a concoction of volatilt water, and somc bicarhonate of soda" to make fi ll " - a drink the patient pronounced excellent. An artIcle of this description s macks of quackery, and is liabl e either to brino- contempt on the work on so admirably:t the va rious A!11bulaJ:ce or to provide st upid peoplewith ,,,hlch thiS world seems to abound - with a supposed remedy [or all complaints of the throat.

Let us women First Aide r s who are o-o i no-to in, this page month by month, join In workl ng for the honour of our wonderful Brigade a nd by ou r work and example, to that \\'ould bring discredit upon it, and to live up to our motto Pro Cft'htatc> .fJomiIlZl177.

Items (Divisional news and com petitions, socia l s, interesting duties, lectures, etc.,) for this page should be se nt to Amhulance Sister "0 " 'I:J " 'r ur 1 urscs agc, c 0 fhe Editor, FIRST AID, 46 Cannon Street, London, E.C.4. '

3loints.

The Editor i n vi es Notes on actual Cas es- wi lh qJec'al reference to gOJd and bad points in Treatment-for inclusion lD this Column

S,\\ EIJ HY HIS 1\L\TE, Two l1:en w;c rc UIllo8ding hales of p8per from it 8t ", had, Bermonds )', when ol1e of them noticed the Jib of the cranc 30 fi. above them " as blling. Actpromptly, he /lung his mat e into the ri\'cr and thcn JUlllped elca l him se lf ju st h efo l'e th e jib cmshed on the harge, !h e n , :lS hi s mat e could not s willl, he pnll'c\. ded tn -;lIpporl hll11 lIntll both wcre re sc u ed by sOllle Illl ll ll <L hoal, L. R" Charlton Park

S \\ 'E ]) BY Nl'RSE:\IAln, , ,, nursemaid was wheeling a peramhulator along a road \"h en su dd en ly she sa\\' a hig mutor o rry mountthe pavem e nt. towanJs hel', Quickly realising the sit uatlOl1, she ga\'e the perambulator a big pu sh a nd sc nt it clea ?f,the l o rry , ,vhereby she sil\'cd the baby in it from ser iou s IIlJury, Th e n s h e fainted from shock \\ hcn s h e klle\\ ' the baby "",as sa\'e d heard the l orry crash into it shop " inclo\\' :l11 ll1ecllm e ly be!lllld he,r. Byst8nclers came to her help; hut It \\ '8S some tIme helore s h e rcc(werecl "iulli c ientl\ to 1'1'0cecd, 1\1. R, Cannon-stree!.

S \\ Ell B\, _ An o ld WOI1:iln, who li\'ed a lone, WilS sitling before her lire when s h e fillntcd and fell [onnlrcl, \ n eighbou r in th e next room he ar d the noi"e made h y the fa ll an d noticeJ that it was followcd by dead silence. Feeling anx ious aho u t the old she dashed into her n e i g hbour' s room and found lYing o n t.he hcartl: with her dre:-.s in !lames, Sei%i ng it s h e wrapped It round the o ld wOlllan and quickl\' the Jlames, Then ,,"ith the help of ilnothl -r nClg!lbour "he pla ced pat ient on Iwr heel and s lIlllll10ned llledlca,l ass ist al l Cl', which was lillickl\' <I \'ai lahl ', ,\ 1 ,\" l;1 lllhrld ge,

NEE]) FlW CTIO?\', \t a reccnt on a \\ 'o man who had strang e d Ill rse lf With a b?otiace, It \\ 'as statecl that h er 7-H'ars old SOil the ul1tied th e lace and cai led uron hi s f<lthel La !lelp ln e lforts to r est ore thc paLient to life , The coroner s,l1d that the boy had s hown more sc n se than mall\, groi: n-up pearl e; and h e further cxprcssed surprise at persI ste n ce of the mistak en idea that no lay p e rson W 1S allowcd to down an) on e found hanging or ot herwise intCI-fere until after arri\'al of a police co n stab le , 'I I , .\ Ioorgate-stl'ect.

F \T \I. PI ?\,

, It. is statcd by the British Red Cross Society ;I: their. an n !-eport, that Llle London B lood 1 ransfuslon ServIce dUrIng 1927 answered 1,293 calls f?r donor s , agai n st 737 and 428 in the two precedlllg years. Of the calls, 642, or 59 per cent. served by Rover Scouts, 79 by mem bers of Joe H, 49 by Illember s of the and 352 hy members of other organisations or unattached persons.

\n ordinary pin-pri c k took t h e lif e of Dr, fJow!\rcl \ La t hro!: , who su rgeon-in - chi.:! at thc Bo sto n, Massacllu:Ctls, C,lt)' Ho s p ital hi s rclirement. a ycar ago, Ill' Llie d h os pItal, where lllS had been prc\' iou s ly amputated in dticmpt, to s,:\,l' hiS lif e, DI Lathrop \\ as poisolll'd h\ a safctY.,-pln while adjusting it band;lgl on a paticnt's \\,ou;ld, -. \, B., 1\Iassachusl'th, L', S \,

The "DECORATORS' &. PAINTERS' MAGAZINE" (8d. monthly) is THE trade paper for all interestetl _ Office: 46, Canoon Street , E.C.,. _

F rom M on th

Acco rd i ng to Tlz e Lzlerary Dz:t;'esl, the American Red Cross Society is arrangi ng to send a s pecia ll y equi pped first aid rail road car through the U S.A., in charge of Dr. G. F. IIartlell, to o'ive first aid instruction to the staff emplo\'e d at differcnt rai l road yards.* 'k*

\Ve undcr s tand that the task of rC\ ' ising thc officia l Textbook of the St. John Ambulance Association-" First Aid to the Injured " - is nearing completion, and that the revised \York will shortly be available. It will be recalled that the book as originally com piled by the late Col. Sir J a mes Cantlie was revised by committee in 1917.

The British Red Cross Society is making an appeal for funds on September to carryon its peace work. This includes: training Red Cross Voluntary Aid Detachments, helping disabled and ex-Service men, running hospitals for ex-officers, carrying on special work for day nurseries, welfare centres, school treatment centres, collectJDg books for hospital librari es, pr ovi ding bandages and elothino- for patients in hospital, motor am bu lances, dispensaries and first aid for hoppickers, ftsher-gi rls, Scout and Guide camps, lifeboat stat ions, and thc hlood trans[uslon scheme [or hospi tals.

.,

progress h as becn made in this country in accidcnt preYention d uri ng rccent years. Bu t stat istical records here are still 1l1Ore meagre than they are in America. ago in an o.fficial publication of the I'" ede:ated E ng,JDeering Societies, details were glyen of how, aCCidents were reduced as the result o[ JDtroduclllg safety campaio-ns in seven representati\T fi.rms. The total of employees was over 38,000, and there was an average improvement of 76 cent. in the scverity rate during an average period o[ two and a half years. Even allowing for the expense of preventive the must lead to an approximately sUl1dar savlllg In the costs of industrial enterprise, and, indeed, it is not many years ago that the U nited Steel Corporation stated that its safety \york ylelded a net p r ofit to the Com pan y of more than onc bi 11 ion do l lars pcr year.

The report [or the quarter ended J of t h e Home Service Amhu lance COlllmlttee o[ the O r der of St. J011 n and Britis h Red Cross Society

to M on t h.

again refers to the extensiyc use madc of the committee's yehicles in the transport of casualties due to road accidents. \Vhilc therc has been no diminution in the number of traCftc accidents recorded, the establishment of first-aid stat ions on the roads has minimised the effects. Thc task of the hospitals, it is claimed, has been 1ightcned by the fact that an increasing number o[ patients brought in have alread} receiyed skil led attention and have been carried in ambulances instead of being subjected to unskilful handling, Great difficulty has be e n experienced, especially in connection with road accidents, in obtaining payment for the use of ambulances. The report suggests that motorists coming from London or other lar ge towns where sen'ices are maintained b y the municipalities do not realise that most of the ambulances in the country depend for upkeep on the moderate charges made for their use, supplemented by local voluntary subscriptions.

The curious outbrcak of irritant poisoning in the police force and other quarters, which was caused by lemon ade crystals, created much alarm by the ,, ide publicity it received in the daily Press, Commenting on the accident, the current issue of the / ollrllaZ of t/ze Illsftiufe o/Hy/(,'elle gi\'es the followin o' f'nlio-htenin o particulars :- "Lemonade pmn.ler h'-' h h and lemonade cr\ stats contain a proportion o[ tartaric acid which will dissoh 'e out from the enamcl of the pail some of the \yhich enters into its composition. Thc resulting solution contai ns anti m011\' tartrate or tartar emetic, which is a poison. Anyone \y11o puts made from crystals In an enamel h o \\'l or pat! lS aski ng [or trou hie.

::\Iedical help in case of road accidcnts be immediately forthcoming as a result of a ne\\ firstaid organisation which is already at \york in many parts of France and is being extended y throuo'hout the countrY. Thanks to thc Inltlatlye of a medical man, Dr. Bosredon,. of Bri\ ' e - la-Gaillarde, all doctors and surgeons uSing the read have agreed to carryon thei I' cars spec ial pennants indicating thcir professi?ll, so in case o( motoring' accidents the police or distressed motorists will kno\\' that first aid is at hanc/. It consisLs or a \\'hitc pannant " iLh a red horder and a reel cross Ilcar the staff and a rcd ci rc1c close to the roint.

Quet'ies and J\nswet's to eOt'respondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the followin g rules :-

I. -Letter; containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 46, Cannon-streer, Lond o n, E. C.4.

2.-All Que rie s must be acco mpanied by a "Query Coupon" cu from the current issue of the J(lurnal, or in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue

3·-The Textb ook , to which reference may be made in colu mns is the 36th 1I92o) Edi tio n of S J. A. c\. M anual of First Aid.

FRACTURED COLLARBONE OF ARMLESS MAN.

J.1\1. (Cardiff). - Please tell us how we shou ld treat a Simple Fracture of Col larbone on a one-arm patient, the fracture being 011 the same side as that on which upper limb has been amputated.

The absence of upper limb eliminates most of the dangers associated ",ith a Fractured Collarbone. So thel-e is 110 indication for acti\ e First Aid treatment; and all that remains for you to do is to remove patient to medical assistance.-N CORBET FLETCHER.

EXAMINATION HOWLER.

1. A" (Cambridge).-In a recent examination a cand id ate \\":'lS asked what she would do if a small chi ld swallowed all the ink out of the inkpot. Apparently her mind was concentrated upon the examination because she replied" TVrite Ill)' answers wl tlz a pencil -' "

Good! Next, please! !

BLEEI1I:--'G FROIlI NOSE.

F. E. (Portsl11outh). - Supposing that the treatment for Bleeding from Nose (as set out on p. 105 of Textbook) should pro\ e ineffectual, might not pressure be applied to Carotid Artery? If so, should such pressure be made on artery of side affected or on both arteries? Your kind help will be much appreciated.

Pressure on Carotid Art e ry might certainly bE' tried with severe bleed in g from Nose; but I question very much if it would prove effectua l. With such cases it w ill be wiser to hasten arrival of doctor who will probably decide to plug the nostril. -. C. F.

TRE \Tl\lENT OF VVASI-' STING.

D. D. (Putney) - During a recent holiday in the country, was plag-ued '""ith wasps and was to ld by my hostess that immediate application of onion is an efficient remedy. I wonder why this shou ld be so She to ld me a lso that shE' had recently read that blue bag, tho u gh goo d for bee-stings, is n o usc with wasp-stings; t hat wasp-st in gs are a lk aline; and that vinegar shou ld be app li ed to "wasp- stings. As the Textbook makes no such distinction, I sha ll appreciate your opinion

Your friend is more up-to-date than the Textbook; an d you must have overlooked the queries answered in February and October 1926 issues of FIRST AID. Practical ex per ence

AID.- September, 1928.

taught ),our- friend h e .va lu e of th e oni.on which s ac id in c h aracte r; a nd h e r readIng co nnrmed thIS when s h e learned to app ly yineg-ar to wasp-stings. An article in the Lancet (Sept. 6, 19 19) s upport s the truth of YO UI- friend's that wasp venOlli is a lk a lin e; and amo n g ga rd e n e r s there IS a be li ef that wasps draw their poison from yo un g la ure l eaves which are rightly suppose d to co n ta in prussic ac id. Further, wasps a re known to be "oracious flesh eate r s, which Illay further exp lain the a lk a lin e nature of t h ei r poison.N.C.F.

STRUCTURE OF DI APHR,\ GM.

]. C (Pc narth).- In a r ecent compet iti on one of ou r te<'l11l was aske d to d cscr ib e the di <'lp hr agl1l a nd ca ll ed it an in vo lun tary muscle. The doctor disagl-eed a nd told him that it is a voluntary muscle. Personally, I t hink it is a n in voluntary muscle because it works during h ours of activity and s leep. I shall be gratefu l for your d ecision

The diaphragm is a ,"oluntary muscle. Th e rate and extent of respiratory movements can be a ltered at will; and the fact that the diaphragm takes its part in t h e reBex action of breat h ing d oes not remove it from h e category of vo l untary muscles. On t h e other hand the muscles of sma ll intest in e carry out movements, none of which can be contro ll ed by the will, and are consequently ilwoluntary. By the way, is not "tact" one of the Qualificati0ns of a First A id er ?- N. C. F.

HUlI1011RS OF FIRST AlD.

F. N. (Penarth). -One Sunday afternoon my wife chose as her Bible lesson for our four -year old son the story of the Good Samaritan. and was astonished (and a lso amused) when the lad, "asked to tell the story in his own words, remarked: "A£UI7Z77ZY, wlzy dldn't Ize use Iodine jar the wounds? It is better than oil -' " Good! Next, please! !

TREATMEKT OF STRYCIININE POISONING.

S . C . (Finchley).-The Textbrok (p. 157 ) in its treatment at Strychnine Poisoning te ll s us to give an emetic if patient can swa ll ow. As this is the only poison for which this instruction i specifica ll y given, I "wonder what is its special signincance; and I ask your kind help, for which I thank you in advance.

.The patient might not be ab le to swa ll ow for two reasons. First, he might be in a convul sio n and, second ly, he might be far gone in co ll apse. So the emetic is g ven between fits and after testing ab ili ty to swa ll ow. By t h e way, convu ls ion s, whatever their cause, tend to be periodical, and, if t h ey recur, do so after an interval of intermittence.-N. C. F_

D EFINITlON OF PAll\'.

M. N. (Croydon) - I l ooked up severa l di ctionaries recently for a definition of " pain." and as I co uld not fi nd what I wanted I ventu r e to ask your kind ass istance.

You set a difn c ul query; but po s ibly this will meet your requirements. Pain is thE' ev id e nce durin g conscio u sness of c h a n ges produced in a n e r ve centre by exc itatio n, throug h externa l injury, effects of h eat , results of disease, etc . - N.C.F.

F. C. (Hither Green).-Your Hom e Nursing Certificate of B.R.C.S. do es not count in the S.].A B.

September, 19 28 -FIRST

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COMMON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID.

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FIRST AID

for the The Independent Ambulance and Journal Nursing Services.

Death of the Editor.

THE d eat h of 1\1 r. A B . D ale, J. P , seve n teen years

Ed ito r of F [ RST AID, t ook p lace on O ctober 8th last un de r trag ic ci rc um stances O n the previous Saturday h e was riding i n a fie ld near h is house at , ;V est Mersea, Essex, when h is horse stumbled and threw him i n such a man n e r that he sustained a fractured sku ll , and, desp i te the early attention of his ow n docto r a n d t h e serv ices of Sir Hugh Rig b y, he passed away on the 10nday \vithout regain i ng consciousness.

I r. D a le was 42 yea rs o ld He was born at Ley ton, Essex, and was we ll known In both the C ity of London and his Cou n ty _ D a l e took a n act ive part in his fathe r 's bus i ness as pub l ishers of technica l works, etc . , at 46, Can n on - st r eet, L ondon, E C A. He was a d i recto r of D ale, Rey n o l ds & Co , Ltd., a n d t h e Tra d es Mar k ets a nd Ex h i bitions, Ltd.

B efore the wa r he w as i n the , i\T est mi n ster Dr agoons, and on it s o utbr eak i n 19 14 was o n t h e Staff of the A mbul a n ce Se r v ice .

M r. D a le, w h o was of a ge ni a l n atu r e, w as a n ext r e m e l y p opu l ar p ersonage on the I s la n d of Me rsea . H e h a d b ee n a co un ci ll or on the VI est Mers ea Coun c il f ro m i ts fo rm at io n , a n d w as e lec t ed cha irm a n of th at b o d y last A pril.

H e to o k a k ee n in terest in o'a rd e nin g, and las t

year won the West l\Iersea Horticultural Society's cup for home-gro\\Tn roses -

He was President of the ,Vest :\Iersea Players, of which his \\rife is stage manager and producer. He was also Commodore of the ,i\T est l\Iersea Regatta, Senior , Varden of the Charles Dickens Masonic Lodge, and an ardent Buff of the Yictory Lodge He leaves a widow, a son and a daughter to mourn his loss.

The funeral took place on Thursday, October 11 th, \yhen the overwhelming popularity which the deceased gentleman had enjoyed " -as evidenced by the fact that many prominent persons from London as well as practically the whole of the inhabitants of ,Vest :\lersea attended. The parish church in which the sen ice was conducted by the \Ticar, the Rev . C. Pierrepoint Edwards, was filled to overflo\\'ing. :\ umerous other mourners packed the cemetery_ The coffin ,,-as bourne into the church and to the gra\ ' e by SIX local fishermen. The graye was beautifull}' lined \\"ith e,rergreens and roses, the deceased's fa\ ' ourite flo,,-ers, and there were oyer a hundred flora l tributes sent by relati,-es, friends and members of the various associations \\Tith w h ich the d eceased ,, -as connected.

._

\\Te reo-ret that an error crept into the letter fr0111 " Old Bri<racle" IJao'e 70 of our September number. Thl." -ixth b'" I I d " 1 " paragraph of " 'hich should ha\'e \\'It 1 10 \\'or ,, 0 instead of the " ord "The." TIllS of course allers the whole sense of the paragraph.

An App re ciation.

By N. Corbet Fletcher, M.A.,M 8.,M.R.C.S., etc.

THE Editor is dead! This ne"\Vs in its tragic suddenness appals us, more especially since he who in this journal devoted his energies to the ment of First Aid to the Injured has in the pnme of life been taken from us by an acciden t.

I first came into touch with Arthur B Dale in October, 1915, when, during the sudden and \vhat proved to be fatal illness of Dr Frank Christian the then medical correspondent of FIRST , AID, he was at a loss to obtain expert advIce on technical points. From that date began a friendship and combine which has lasted down the years, and throuo'h which I came to know the ambulance b heart of Arthur Dale perhaps better than any of his other ambulance colleagues.

Genial and generous in disposition, Dale was devoted to the Ambulance Movement. He believed that the Movement was as necessary to the Order of St. John as the Order was to the Movement; and he conducted his journal on these lines. He was, therefore, proud to have given hospitality to the Order when in 1920 he opened his columns to its officers and allotted to them the pages known as the ST. JOHN A:\IBULANCE GAZETfE; and when in the present year the Order decided to establish its own journal, he accepted the decision in the belief that there was room for both journals.

A t all times Arthur Dale favoured freedom of thought and speech, and was antagonistic to militarism which within his knowledge had been tried and failed, and which cannot but fail in a voluntary organ isation. Nevertheless he was firm in support of properly organised discipline; and he was aboye all jealous of justice being done to the rank and file, who, after all, constitute the Ambulance Movement.

So we who are left to carryon must needs pause for a short space, fix our thoughts steadfastly on the Great Unknown, and take in this life our last farewell of Arthur Badger Dale, good fellow and keen First Aider, in the strong, sure and soothing conviction that the end is not the grave and that in God's good time we shall meet agaIn. FAREWELL!

"First Aid" Marking Sheet Library.

IIA,rE you registcred your name to receive. our series of test sheets each month? Each post brIn.gs a batch of applications for by postal orders. The result to IS gratifying to us and OUI- enterpnse appealS to bc justified.

To read a few paraaraphs or pages from a text book as occasional is very nicc, but.5':lch a procedure does not help one much when traInIng for competitions.

To devour a text book with a defin lte like that of searching for an answer to a question, such as will be provided in our senes of test sheets and to do that regularly each throuahout the winter months as these sheets w!l l you to do, is to firmJy embed information on cardinal points in the mllld so that a ready answer will be forthcoming at the time of the actual competition.

\Vewould aaain remind our readers that these test sheets are upon tests set by thc lead ing and best competition authorities in the country and will provide the actual practice required to ensure success.

We reiterate that the sets comprise each month 2 Team Tests 4 Individual Practical and 5 Viva Voce Tests embrace a series covering the period October, 1928, to May, 1929, this being the period usually devoted to study and when we are more confined to the house and have time for intensive thought and concen tration

The sets will he sent to any reader, or fflends that we hope will in turn become regular readers, each month for an i nc1usive sum of 7s. 6d., or Js. per set, post free . . .

As the time for sendmg out the first set IS now here we ask that names may be registered without so that the first of these test sheets .may be despatched immediately and each aspIrant to competition successes IS may. be provided with a comprehensIve senes of practices throughout the winter season.

Members

October, 1928 -FIRST A I D.-

Helpers in Hygiene. 'x,

By ANDREW BALFOUR, C.B . , C.M . G., M.D. Diredor, T.rmriolt School of I£.nr/(,Il(, and Tropical llft'riic/uf'.

(Conli"lI1tPd jro717 pagp 73).

Now the councils of the above - mentioned boroughs and districts are concerned with various aspects of l ocal government-not only with health work-and so, as a rule, at least in places of any size, the care of the people's heal th is entrusted to a Public Health Committee . Such committees consist for the most part of laymen, and hence must have executive and advisory officers who are experts These experts are the medical officers of health, and in all important places, and I think I may say in all progressive and thoroughly up - todate places, the medical officers of health 3.re fulltime officials. Here, in the great towns, the lesser towns, the villages, the countryside, we find what Newman calls the fighti ng-line of the never-ending, though usually unobtrusive campaign against inefficiency, disease and death. The medical officers of health and those who assist them and work \vith them, the sanitary inspectors, health visitors and nurses, are, like Uriah the Hittite, in the forefront of the battle. So, too, are the executive officers of port health authorities. It is t hese men and women who are actually up against the forces of death, and remember that under the banner of the arch-destroyer there marches a multitude of legionaries, communicable and noncommunicable diseases, ignorance. poverty, vice, drink, gluttony, greed, spite, selfishness, and so forth. It is these workers, the majority, capable a nd devoted, who are the greatest helpers in hygiene. They are the greatest in the sense that the private soldier, to whom Lord Haig paid t ribute, is the greatest fighter. But for their numbers, skill, energy, patience, staunchness and uevotion to duty, there would be another tale to tell [rom that which is told in the columns and obituary notices of the newspapers, in the medical press and in the reports of the Health Ministry and of the Registrar-General. The commander-i n-chief and his staff may plan a campaign They cannot win it save through the deeds of the rank and file.

What are these deeds in the health campaign?

It would take a long time to enumerate them in full, but from what has already been said you have no doubt gathered, if you knew it not previollsly, that they fall into two chief groups which we may conveniently term environmental and personal. The former are those which the pioneers in this country chiefly practised when they fought and won

under the war-cry, Sanitas, sanziahr;;, om nz'a samias/ the latter em brace the principles wh ich the farsighted genius of Frank perceived to be essential, and others which he did not visualize, but which have established themselves throughout the fruitful years when the public health pendulum swungfrom the old order of things to the new.

And here let me remark that, although it cannot be said to have swung too far, for the hygiene of the individual is of paramount importance, yet interest in the new has, I fear, led to some neglect of the old. How otherwise can one explain the filthy condition of some of our streets and highways, the shocking manner in which much of our food is handled, the refuse dumps one encounters in rural areas, foul blots upon fair scenes? It is true protests are raised, but the faults continue, while one can imagine that in earlier days, say about 1860, the fervour of the reformers would have swept them away. Let us strive to preserve a balance and, in pursuit of new triumphs, not permit that insidious enemy, clirt, to regain positions from which he has been ousted. Even when dirt does nqt spell disease it leads to a lowering of tone, to a lack of self-respect, to a slackening of fibre. The trouble is partly due to the fact that much of the sanitation which formerly very closely concerned the medical officer of health has been relegated to other control. In the earlier days he had to fight like the devil, or shall we say like a good angel, to secure pure and sufficient water supplies, to get sewerage systems established, to ensure the healthiness of dwellings. 1 owaclays, [or order has long since succeeded chaos, water supplies, sewerage and sewage works, house drainage, and so forth, are in the hands of competen t engi neers. l\Iinor engineeri ng and house sanitation is looked after by well-trained and certificated sanitary inspectors.

Good and well, but from what I hear and what I see, I belie\ e it would be an ach-antage if our medical officers of health had a little more time to keep in personal touch with these matters. This, I b lieve is even more true in the case of the removal of nuisances and of refuse, one of the chief environmental duties in the olden days, and still in tropical countries a most e sential part of the health officer's routine.

Wh en cor r e spond in g w it h a d v erti se rs kind ly menti o n " FIRST AlD ."

An Address de livered under the auspices of the Isle of ;\lal1 Red Cross SocicLr at the conclusion of HCCllth \Veek, March 4th, 1928.

As of yore, the other em'ironmcntal deeds com prise action relating to housing and townplanning, smoke prevention, the inspection of food, the con trol of in fectious diseases and enq uiries in to offensive trades. I cannot list them all, but, with the exception of the control of infectious diseases, they have slipped a little into the backgroun.d multitude of activities relating to the hy'glene of the individual now falls to the lot of the mcdical officer of health and certain of his assistants. In the matter of practical application these nc\\ are a product of thi century, and comprise

of the local St. John Ambulance Brigade present at Richmond Parish Church on morning, October 7th. The Brigade assembled 011 Rich mond Green at half-past 10, and accompanied by other members of the we tern area, officers and men of Feltham, Brentford and Twickenhalll Divisions, ladies of the Southall Ambulance Sisters, and the 1st Richmond Rangers, to the Parish Church. The sermon was preached by the Vicar, the Rev. G. Harold M Gray, M.A., who took for his text the words, "I am among you as He that sen' eth" (St. Luke xxii. 27).

'I(-

maternity and child welfare work, the special and intensive control of tuberculosis and the venereal diseases from the standpoint of the infected individual, the care of the health of the school child, the care of the blind, and occasional duties arising out of the National Insurance Act.

Formerly the great idea was to stam p out disease, especially communicable disease. That great idea persists, but along with it there is now the conception of rearing a sound and healthy race from the start, of extending the campaign of diseases called non-communicable, like rheumatism, rickets and cancer, and even to minor maladies such as dental caries, oral sepsis, discharging ears, habitual constipation, the common but crippling cold, and the dyspepsias which cause so much chronic i11health and lead to so much inefficiency. There is a move also to\vards investigating and dealing with worm infestations, which have been in the past somewhat neglected.

Public education in hygiene has become a feature of the new campaign, and you have just had evidence of this development in the Health \i\T eek which you have been celebrating.

Enough has been said to indicate that hygiene in this country must be spelt with a very large H, and it must be evident that the health organisation is complicated, as indeed it could scarcely fail to be considering its origin, the ,vay it developed, the fact that over a long period of years there have been shifts and adaptations and modifications, the manner in which new legislation has been grafted upon old, the necessity for conforming to altered conditions of life.

Some of the helpers have been mentioned, but there are many others. The school teacher inculcating siml?le rules of health helps the cause, so d.oes the wIse parent, so does the child who puts precepts into practice. The schoo ls of medicine help, and will help more when they adopt as the chief object of their training the permeation of the medical curriculum w ith the preventive idea. Specialist me?ical officers help, like those in charge of tuberculOSiS and venerea l disease clinics. In' this category comes also the schoo l medical officer and, despite all that is urged against him and his d.o}ngs, the public vaccinator. The medical practitIOner helps, and his help will increase in value when he co-operates to a greater extent than at with the officers of the public health service, and If and when the idea of periodical exam ination s r.oot. The medical press helps, and it is gratlfY1l1g to ?OW much attention it now pays to the preventive Side of medicine. Veterinarians help by dealing with tuberculous milch cows and stamping out diseases of animals transmissible to man ... Employers of labour help when they make prOVISIOn for the welfare of their staffs and employees. The tradesman helps when by his cleanly methods he handles human food in a way

AI D.- October, 1928,

to command respect and confidence. I always take my hat off to the maiden in the sweetstuff shop who uses a scoop instead of her hand, be the laller never so dainty.

Those engaged in research help, as, for instance, the great army of workers under the cegis the Medical Research Council and those engaged in many scientific institutior.s upon problems affecting every branch of hygiene. There are many voluntary agencies, like the League of Red Cross Societies, which help, some more wisely then others, but all in some degree so that we recall an old proverb of Portugal which says: "One grain fills not a sack but helps his fellow." The la y press helps, often very g l-eatl y; occasionally, perhaps, not to the best advantage, but with opportunities vouchsafed to few of those who aid the cause. Its influence in the past has been widespread, and in the future wIll become more effective when those best fitted to advise the public can make use of its columns for propaganda purposes. The Church helps in various ways, and might help more if it recognised to a greater extent that sick bodies are specially apt to be tenanted by sick souls, and that there is something to be said for giving bodily and mental hygiene a first innings in any attempt to elevate the masses and improve moral tone. The Law helps, though it is better not to in voke its aid and to try what persuasion and education can do in the first instance.

But the lesson to-day, the lesson your Health Week has been inculcating, is that everyone can help. There is no mystery about the business_ Once a few essential facts are mastered, simple rul es of health can be adopted and practised by any person of average intelli gence A vast deal of public health practice is common sense app lied to everyday affairs. Long ago it was d ifferen t. A pall of ignorance shrouded the medical faculty and the lait y alike. Visitations of disease were supposed to be the outpoured vials of wrath of an outraged deity. Superstition was rampant. Fatal ism held sway The people perished for lack of knowledge. NO\v all is changed, and thouah we b are sti ll Ignorant in certain directions, for example, the causes of influenza, measles and the so-called "sleepy sickness" still elude us, we have a firm grasp of principles and in lar ge measure are masters of our fate. Who can doubt it? Consider what has happened.

(To be continued.)

There shou ld be double the number of L.e.e. ambulances, sa id Dr. Waldo, coroner, at a Southwark inqu st.

The s ub- committee appo inted by the local autho I-iti es in the South Kirkby district Lo cons id er the ofrer of an ambulance by the St. J ohn Ambu la nc e Brigade, recommends the respective Councils to accept the offer, and tel levy a raLe of a halfpenny in the pound for the maintenance of the vehicle.

October, 1928 -FIRST

Brigade DZSt1'lCt Reports.

No. I (Prince of Wales') District.

ARE ,\.-The Asst. Commissioner hopes that all members Ccntr;;tl Area have enjoyed real restful and health-glvll1g holtdays; and he reminds them that vVIth the pass111g of summer, the Ambulance Year reopens, though the Bngade Year does not start tl'll Ja - 1 R ," nualY st. that this is the time to lay plans fOl the com1l1g w1l1ter nIghts, and that systematic FIrst Aid and serve the double purpose of l\.eepl11g mC:llhers effiCIent and of o'at hering in :ecrlllts,. he DIV. Surgeons to this routine lIlstructlOn ot then memhcrs. Further, he knows from expe nence that personal missionary efforts alone afford the most satIsf actory method of winning new members' and he calls upon each and every member of Central Area to a missionary for his (or h e r ) Division an d the Bngade.

Central Area learns with pleasur e that the District Honours Board, which has for years been a fixture in Gene ral Office of Brigade Headquart e rs, has b ee n r emoved and posted on. of Headqu a rters.

Th e A Comml SlOner agam reminds Officers-inD1Vlslon .Lhat before issue or re-issue, proofs of DlvlslOnal StallOnery must b e submitted for his that in this way only can Central Area Its r ep utation for the correctness of its statIO nery.

is directed to District Orders of September Jt h, 111 'which the Commissioner asks that Officers-inc1:arge of .Ambulance and i ursin g Divisions will send dll'cct to !Ulil full particulars of all t rophies possessed by theIr DIVISIOns for competition or award.

Asst. Commi sioner reminds Officers-in-charge of DIVISions that appomtments of Presidents and Viceb.e submitted in usual way for sanction of Chief COmlTI1SSlOne:-; and that such appointments, once approved, are not subject to annual rc-consid e ration. to No. 30 (East London) Division on ,:pphcatlOn.s .f<;:>r mcmbership, and to o 80 (Stoke 1\ eW 1l1 gto n) DrnslOn on one.

Congratulations to Am b. Sister 1\J rs. E. 1\1ulburn, of No. 62 (Haagerston) N. Division on promotion to L.j Am.b. Offic er, with effect from August 23rd.

WI.th rcf ere I:ce. to No. 7 (Toy:nbee Hall) Division, the Chle [ CommiSSIOner has sanctIoned promotions to Co rporal of Pt e. A. J. Rollinson as from June 23rd, of Pte Vl. H. Hatfield as from June 2-+th, and of Pte. E. 'vV. White as from J ul)' 3rd He has also approved appointment of Amb. Officer T. VV. Trussl e r as Div. Secretary.

On August 5th, a crane at King's Cross Station, suddenly swung out in an un expected direction) struck a man \"'?rking n.earby, and ca used seyere injuries to his head With artenal bleeding. Patient was promptly treated by Amb Officer Dye, S.jSgt. Price, and Pt e Deanl1er and yv'aygood of No. 13 (King's Cross) Division, and removed 111 time to Free Hospital. The hospital llrl v.e wrIt.ten to L. .E. R a ilway praising the e.ffiCle ncy of FIrst AId rendered whereby patient lost so lIttle blood. Central Area adds its congratulations, and IS proud of its members.

Central Area extends best wishes to Amb. ist"er Miss M. Copping, of No. 39 (Temple) Division, who her .training as probationary nurse in kll1g s College HospItal.

Central Area congratulates Dr. Clark Trotter, M,O.11. of Islington, and Div. Surgeon 1\largare t Trotter, of No.

59 (\V. H. Smith) N. Division) on a recent happy eYcnt and extends best wishes to mother and daughter.

On Fnday, Septcmber 21st, Mrs. L eonard Herbert orgalllsed a Dance in aiel of fund for purchase of unifor N ewing-ton Cadets. Among the visitors we! c the Mayor the Mavoress tlle Asst C d D' , J, ommlSSIoner, an 1St. Officer 1'. McBride. 11rs. Herbert is to be congratulated on negotiated a happy, and in eyery way, successful evclllng

CO:\IIXG E,TEXTS.

, .On Saturda>', October 27th, TO. 39 (Temple) K. holds Its Annual Social at ew Oxford GalII, New Oxford Street. Tickets 2s. 6d., and further pat tlculars from L.j DlSt. Supt. 11rs. 'Walton 10 Sandwell Crescent, .vV.6. ' ,

? On Thursday, r:riday and Saturday, No:'ember 1st, _nel and 3rd) the Wood Green OperatIc SOCIety gin a perform ance of " The Rebel Maid," at Scala Theatre.

On Saturday, 1st, the Annual Dinner and Dance for Officers or Ko. 1 District takes place at Hotel Great Central, :;\Iarylebone.

On January 25th, Central Area holds its Annual at Shoreditch Town Hall. Further details \\'111 be suppbcd later.

On Sunday, Octobcr 7th, To. 80 (Stoke e\\'ington) DIVISIOn, held SIxth Annual Church Parade at Alexandra Theatre whIch) kindness of proprietor, \"as placed at t h eir WIthout fee The Sen'ice this year as las t, \\ 111tcr-denominalional, and \\as conducted by representatl\'cs of all the local churches. The Mayor and Mayoress and :;\1rs. Tread\YCll)

the Rev. G. A. St?ddert gan an eloquent and address, and the famous Congress Hall SalvatIOn Army Band prOVIded the music. The parade was larger even than last year, no less than 500 members of Ambulance and 180 memhers of N ursino' Di,-isions hein o und er command of Asst. Dr.

After the sen'ice the Brigade film ,,'as exhIbIt ed; and later the Commissioner) Col. Brooks, and the :;\Iayor took the salute. as the \"hole parade, men and marched past 1ll fours Congratulations are due to Dn'. Supt. L. Herbert. and Amb. Officer Knope. upon the success of the parade for arranO'ements of \\"hich they w ere responsible. b

No. 2 Di.strict.

TrsBuRY.-The annua l (\Var Office) inspection of the Eishury (\Yilts took place on Tuesday. September 18 th, 111 the beautdul grounds of Fonthill Olel Abbey, kinelly lent for the occasion by :;\Ir. and :;\Irs. Shawtewart. Th e inspecting officer ,\"as' Lieut.-Colonel A. \Y Gibson, R.A.l\I.c., Southern Command. There \\" ere present on paracle :-Thc Commandant) 1\lrs. ha,\"Stewart, O.B.E.: the Assistant Commandant, Lady apier; the 1\1cclical Officer, Dr. J. L. Knight; the Quarterma te r, 1\1iss Durf; two section leaders (mol)ile members); 1-!- members and two probationers. The scheme set for the inspection was eliyiclecl into 1\\'0 parts -(a) being a section of a temporary field hospital. and (h) an isolation h ospita l ward occupied by scarlet feyer patients: (a) is half-a-mile from (b), and has no communication with it.

The field hospitrll ,yas represented by three tents: t ,,-o hein g- occupied hy wounded casualtics: the third held ITleclical stores and equipment. A,cljac e nt to the field hos-

-FIRST

pital was a field kitchen, on the camp fire of the detachment cooks had prepared yanous fOl patIents, consisting of milk fish, alld ordinary dIets, vegetables, custards, etc. The food was perfectly 11: due course was much appreciated by the patIents Gl11des). After i1lspecting the field kitchen, an.d latnne, Colon.el Cibson yisited the tents and exam1I1ed the. first ald rendered to four casualti es in camp beds, sufferJl1g respectively from (1) hullet w()tInd, (2) hand (3) fractured ulna, (-.+) wound through aXllla; questlOl1lng the llurse in charo e of each ca e as to treatment of wounds, fractures, etc.

A visit was then made to the hospital ward established on the first floor in the Old Abbey, where four patients with scarlet segregated. precau · tions had been taken agamst nsk of contaglon, sheets soaked with disinfectants being hung over the entrance: a linen coat similarly treated was provided for the inspecting officer. As in the case of the casualties, the nursing member in of each patIent was questioned as to treatment, of charts, personal precautions against carryl11g contaglon, etc The Quartermaster's stores were exan-:ined found. 111 excellent order, the supply of surgIcal applIances bel11g exceptionally good for a V.A. Detachment.

The Detachment was then paraded by sectlOns, after which each member was put through a short oral examination on first aid and 110me nursing At the conclusion of the inspection the Detachment again formed up, when Colonel Gibson congratulated the Commandant on the efficiency of the members, and saId that they had done extraordinarily well. The inspection was attended by the County Controller, Colonel Sir Herbert Bryan, K.B.E., C.M.G., D.S.O.

EASTLEIGH.-The first annual inspection of the " Eastleigh " Division, took plac e on Thursday, September 27th, at the Headquarters.

The inspecting officer was Lieut.-Colonel H. G. Norman White , V. D., County Commissioner.

The Commissioner inspected the paracie, and congratulated the men 011 th e ir sm a rt appearance, also expressing great pleasure at the progress of the Division.

Colonel "White conducted the examination for the appointments of Div. Supt., Sgt. and Cpl., and the f01l0win); members were successful in passing :-Acl. Div. Supl.

H. A. Harris, Act. S gt. H. A. Virgo, and Cpl. R. Rattue.

At the conclusion of the inspection, Div. Supt. H. A. Harris proposed a yote of thanks to the Commissioner for presiding and for his general interest in the work of the Division, also paying warm attribute to the individual efforts of the members.

No 3 District.

HED TESFORD.-FifLeen ambulance teams from collieries in the Call110ck Chase coalfield competed at Hednesford, for the shield offered by th e Cannock Chase branch of the St. John Ambulance Association, and the trophy was secured by No.2 team from the West Cannock Colliery. They were awarded 235 points, Littleton B team were second with 212 points, and vVest Cannock No.5 team third with 208 points.

Other placings were :-Cannock Chase A 195, Hilton Main 189, Littleton C 184. Canl10ck Chase B 183, Coppice A 176, East Cannock 167, Coppice n 163, Cannock and Rug:eley 162, Aldridge 154, Littleton A 1-.+2, Cannock and Leacroft A 137, Cannock and Leacroft B 137.

Drs. Holton, Coleman and Stewart were the judges, and the tests were watched by large crOVYCls of miners, \\-ho gathered roundlhe three rin g' s on the Anglesey lawn. The most novel one was :-

On the sands of the sea at the hottom of cliffs, and

A I D. - Octob e r, 1928

sc"cral miles hom houses, you cC?l11e across pieces of broken bottles, and then you a track of blood and footprints. A quart.er of mde away you come across a man lying semI-conscIOUS and bottle him. The bottle contains a small quantIty of. flUld smellin<)' like whisky, but clarker in colour. Lookmg at his it is found that the pupils are contracted and his breath smells of alcohol. The tIcIe IS comll1g qUlckly. Treat and act as you should.

C\NNOCK CrT.\sE.-Cannock Chase No.1 team

"won the South Micllands Mines Rescue Trophy .at BIrmingham University, this heiIlg the fourth and the third consecutIve year that a team tramed at the Hednesford l\Iines Rescue Station, under Mr. J. ;F.ayton, has secured the handsome cup offered for competltlOn by Sir J 01111 Cadman during the past five years .

The successful team was composed of J. H. Weav.er (captain), W. Greenfield, P. J on.es, W'. Sam, and E. Archer, and they secured 112 malks, bem/:) .33 marks ahead of th e runners - up, who received the begorman Challenge S!lield: Other teams competmg were :-Tunnell (\Varwlckshlre) 739 marks. WIlnecote (Tamworth) 702, Cannocl< Chase No.2 686) Ashby-de-IaZouch 619.

In the chief test of the day, in the model mine, each team was set the following problem: ---:

A deputy has just completed an 1l.1spectlOn of the board and pillar district and has dIscovered dense smoke in the return airway coming from the long-wall district. He has sent all the men from the board and pillar district to the. surface and l::as proceeded inbye with a shot firer to lllvestigate . Emergency measures have been complied with, and you are the first rescue team to arrive.

Herewith is a plan of the mine. Tt is known fr?m the clay fireman's report that two men should be bonng in the proof h eading at A, that two men shou!d be building a way - end pack at B, also for some a progressive heating' has been suspected around POl11t C. Every t hing along the intake is known to he cl.ear as far as the office at [Joint D. To this point you WIll proceed immediately via the downcast shaft, but inbye of point D you must use your ov,'n discretion in everything that confronts you.

You are to attempt as far as possible to save life. to ascertain the orig"in and cause of the trouble, and if possible the casualties and the state of the district. You will report verbally to the manager on your return.

This test was recog'nised by all concerned to be a most arduous and difficL;lt one. The mine was filled with dense smoke and teams and examiners bad to wear their hreathing apparatus for the hour or so that was taken in traversing the workings by each team.

Colonel R. S. \Villiamson, of the Cannock and Rugeley Company, handed the cup to the winners

NO.4 District.

The 27th annual conference of the No. 4 District of the St. John Ambulance Association was held at St. Annes, on Saturday, October 6th. Nearly 1,200 officers and men from Lancashire, Cheshire, Cumberland and Westmorland were present, tlllcler the command of the District Commissioner, Col. C. J. Trimhle, C.M.G. The delegates were welcomed by W. F. (Mayor of Lytham St. Annes), who sald that the actIvitles of the Brigade represented a divine work. They provided an instance, he said, of man's humanity to man.

Dr. W. C. Bentall, O.RE., the District Treasurer, reported that a deficit of £11111ad been reduced to £37. Another £2.000 on the capital {und, he said, wou ld p lace the district heyond the pale of heggary_

-FIR S T

Col. Trimble reported that the membership in the district had increased by 2,065 within the last three years. Mrs. Twcedale, the Lady District Commissioner statcd that. the Nursing Divisions and V.A.D.'s had 500 mobIle mcmbers, but appealed for an increase on that number.

A paper on the establishment and growth of the St. Annes Nursing Division's Comforts Depot (which was inspected by thc Brigade officers) was read by Lady Divisional Supt. Miss II. 1\1. Smith, who stated that there were 726 articles in the dcpot, all of wllich could be let out to the sick at nominal rentals. Within the last 12 months the receipts totalled £82, compared with £22 during the preceding 18 months. All classes in the horough, she said, were making use of the depot.

The 1929 conference is to be held at Warrington.

VVORSBRO'.-Thc annual inspection of the Worsbro' and Dis t rict Corps of th e St. John Ambulance Brigade t ook place in a field adj oining; Tankersley Grange, on Sunday.

The Corps, comprising the Barnsley, Worsbro',

I D.-

for the march past}. bJll selections during the remainll1g part of the lllspectlOn. The numbers on parade were: -Officers 8, nurses 50, cadets 16, men 120.

No. 5 District.

DERB.y.-Assistant Commissioner Dr. A. Dobson, of Ilkeston, l11spected the Derby Division on the Rolls-Royce Welfare Ground, Derhy on Saturday, S eptcm ber 22nd. Porly privates, five N.C.O.'s and two Ambulance Officers were on parade, and were compliment ed by the inspecting officer on the smartness of their uniform. Staff-Sgt. A. J. FILL":: was presentecI with a second bar. to his long-service medal, and Ptes. A. Kirk, J. R. SmIth, A. Lloyd, and A. Pearman received medallions. Dr. Dobson also presented a number of labels. Derby's Division of the Brigade was founded in 1899, and Staff-Sgt. J. Hallam and Sgt. E. Bannister haye completed the full twenty-nine years' service. Staff-Sgt. Flux has completed 27 years, and Ambulance Officer Grice, 25 years.

Staff-Sgt. Hallam took the Company drill, 811 :1 Staff-

cer Flapwell, Staff-Sergt. Hal1alll, Corpl. Da,-is.

\Vharncli rfe Silkstonc, and Elsecar Ambulance, Worsbro' Tursing and Cadet Divisions, together with the Elsecar N ursing Division were first drawn up in line, where they a nd their equipment were inspected by the Assistant Commissioners for the ar ea, Captain 0_ F. Buxton, of S heffield, who was accompanied by County Surgeon K. H. Dev<;!r1ey and lr. F. C. Swallow, of Tankersley Grange.

The march past was then taken, after which the nurse cadets gave an exhibition of various forms of bandaging, a nd the men undertook stretcher, infantry and hand seat cJrill, and first aid treatment.

At the conclusion of the inspection Captain Buxton expressed his delight with all he had seen, and voiced the o pinion of all present in extending cordial thanks to Mr. S wallow for allowing the use of the field, which was a dmirably adapted for such a display.

Mention must be made of the services of the vVharnclirrc Silkstollc Colliery Prize Band which not only played

Sgt. Flux the stretcher drill. Both were complimented on the way the drills were cOI1ducted_

In examining the books of the Division, Dr. Dobson commented on the competent "Way in which they were kept by Ambulance Officer Fred Grice, the Secretary. He hoped that the younger members would carryon and earn long-sen ice medals. He was ycry pleased with the men' s appearance, and would be able to present a favourable report to Headquarters.

Thanks are clue to the Rolls-Royce Welfare Committee for the use of the ground.

LOI'\GTON.-The funeral of 1\1r. Percy John Enns, of The Laurels, Lightwood, Longton, took place at Longton Cemetery, September 26th.

1\1r. Evans, who was in his 60th year, had lived an active life. For oyer 30 years he had been a manager for Messrs. J. Joule and ons) tone. It was only in JL1ne

Photo taken at Annual I nspectiol1 of the Derby Di\'ision. Sitting, left to right- Pte. Gaskin, Staff-Sergt. Flux, Amb. Officer Grice, ,\mb. Offi

-FIRST

last that he r etired At that time h e was licensee of the Heathcote Arms, Longton.

Greatly interested in .work he was Superintendent of the Longton and DIstrIct Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. For many yea rs a l:;o was actively connected with the Longton and Dlstnct Amateur Operatic Society.

There were present at the se r vice, whIch was conducted by the Rey. 'vV. 'vVilliams, Vicar of Dresden, r epresentatives of the various Ambulance and Nursing Divisions. The bearers 'were Divisional Supt. W. Hammersley (Longton), Ambulance Offi ce r Copestake (Adderley G r een), Sgt. Wolf (Longton) and Sgt. Critchlow (Uttoxeter). .

The principal officials of the NursIng and Ambulance Divisions were present.

Wreaths were sent by numerous f ri ends, and a dozen or so Divisions of S.J.A.

LOUTJT.- The annual inspection of the Louth Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade took place on the London Road football ground on the last Su nd ay in September, the inspecting officer being Lt.-Col. F. S. Lamb er t, Assistant Commissioner for Lincolnshire.

The inspecting officer congratulated the Division upon the best parade they had h ad in Louth since h e h ad inspected the Diyision. He pointed out that the moyement was a voluntary movement, and he hoped that the public 'would support so worthy a cause. Reference was made by the Mayor and Ambulance Officer Paling to the ahsencc through illness of Dr. and His Yiorsl:ip c01llmented on the thorough and effiClent manner 111 whIch lhc Brigade did its work.

Do:\oSTER.-With the kind permission of the Assistant Commissioner, Captain H. C. lIarrison, two hundred members of the Doncaster Collieries Association St. John Ambulance Brigade, comprising Brodsworth, Bul1croft, Markham l\lain and Yorkshire Main Corps, recently entrained at Doncaste r station en rou te for Blackpool where they attended the F ir st Camp at BisJlham, on the outskirts of the town, under the command of Corps Superintendent S. Bunting, H.S.B.

The routine during the morning of the first day, comprised Company and Stretche r Drill and Route marches , while in the afternoon and evening men not detailed for duty were free to enjoy themselves.

A day was devoted to sports, and on this even in g a dinner was beld, when a number of t h e officers' wives were present. After the toast to "The King," proposed by Corps Officer f. 'vVanliss, the Officer in Command, Co rp s Superintendent S Bunting, empbasised the amount of work required successfully to run a camp, but, by be1l1g in tbe capable bands of Divisional Superintendent S. Criddle, everythilig had passed off like clockwork.

there was a general inspection by Corps SuperIntendent S Bunting, in the unavoidable absence of the Commissioner. He was supported by Co rp s Officer J. II. J\l1cock, A .D C., Corps Surgeon B. Hart, Corps Chaplall1 Rev. A. E. Duckett, and Divisional Superintendent and Adjutant S. Cridd le. He inspected the Brigade the. commancl of Co rp s Officer J. Wanliss , who receIved hlln with the general sa lut e. The march past was afterwards performed.

In add r essing the Brigade afterwards, the insp ecting officer congratulated the men on the smart way t h ey had per rormed the movements.

The terminated with a route march th e g-encra.l being; that the camp had a sp1cnc1HI 11ohc1ay and had been a great success.

AID.-

No . 6 Di s trict .

HULL.-The Officers of the No. 6 District of t h e St John Ambulance Brigade, been holdit;lg a conference in Hull attended a dll1ner gIVen at the CIty Hote l Hull, on night. The acting Commiss ioner (Maj o r A. H emmersley- Johnston, O.B.E ), wh? was accompanied by Mrs. Hemmersley-Johnston, occupIed the chair.

County Surgeon J. Milne Hermon, who proposed toast of " Th e Order," reminded tbose present that 111 honouring t h e toa st they were paying tribyte to an Order the ideals of which were probably the hIghest that man could aspire to- that was to help the sick and wounded a nd a ll those who could not help themselves.

DARLINGTON.-On Friday, September 28th, the Nursing Divisi on held a Social Evening, commencing with a Wir e less Whist Drive, followed b y a supper. Lady Divisional Superintendent Nurse A. G. Gardner, then presented pendants and certificates to 8 gentlemen who had been successful at the examination following the H ome Nursing Classes she conducted, 1927-8. Presentations were mad e of a handsome oak clock to Nurse Gardner by the members of this Class, and of a travelling ha t box to Miss Fawley, la t e Secretary of the Nursing Division.

Darlin gton Nursing Division-a photo of whom, with some of the trophies tbey hold, is printed b elow-is the h o ld er of the Chalmers Nursing Cup for the second year in s u ccession. Thev also won the Shi e ld at t he Wom e n's Nursing and Amblllance Competitions h eld at the L. & X.E. Railwaymen's Carniva l at Darlington last July.

No . 8 Dist ric t .

UCKFIELD .-Th e motor Ambulance in Uckfield is fully justifying it s existence, and the members of the loca l detachment of the British Red Cross Society are carrying; on a beneficent and splend id wo rk. Perhaps t his fact i s not brought to the public notice as much as it s h o uld b e . The Ambulance men are a lw ays ready for any eme rg e ncy and they carryon their us ef ul and important task willin g ly and effic ient ly. S uch service deserves r e co gn ition. Unfortunate ly motor c r as h es.. in which p e rsons arc seriously injured a nd somet im es kill ed, appear to be 011 the in crease in the Uckfie ld district, and the Uckfield Amb ul ance men, in addition to fo llowing their ordinary daily occ up ations, sacrifice time and ene r gy in attending to suffer in g hum a nit y.

T UNBRIDGE WELLS.-This Division held its annual Flag Day on September 1st last, when the total of £ 122 lOs. 6d. was raised L ette rs of congratulation hav e received from tlle Commiss ioner and Chief Com111isSlOne r.

No . 10 D is trict.

SAXMUNDIIAM.-The a nnual inspection of the Saxmundham Division of t h e St John Ambul a nce Bri gade and Women's N ur s in g Division was held at the Mark et Hall, Saxmundham r cce ntly, when th e r e was a good g'at h ering of members of th e local Divisions and a number of Officers and others from the Ipswich Division s numbering in all a bout 70. Th e Saxmundham were marshalled by Supt. W B. Mulley and Ambulan ce Officer E. E. Devereaux, and t h e Nursing Division was in charge of Miss B. Cutting.

Dr. S. O. Eades made the inspection, after which h e addressed the members and congratulated the parade on the sma rtn ess of t h eir turn-out.

Dr. Eades said th ey felt ]1011our ecl tl1<lt Dr. TTossack,

October, 1928 -FIRST their District .Commissioner, had been chosen as Mayorelect for Ip SW Ich the year, and it had b ee n suggested that, as a, complIment to Dr Possacl< d ' h

M I I .l LlrIng 1s ayol a ty, t le Ambulance N ur s 1l1 g Divisions of t h e county .meet at IpSWIch for an in spec tion, and h e hoped thIS mIght take place Dr Eades - d I

D " ul ge t 1e

IVlSIOn to stIck to It S Officer s r ema rkI ng' t' 1 I I d ' c parl cua r v 01": t le goo work d on e by Supt. M ull ey, Dr. David R de;RIchardson, and Mr. For sdi ke. y annual in spection of the H aver hill DlVISlon of the St. J ohn Ambu lance Brio·acle wa 1 h - h S b c S ca rn e( t lou g on und ay a ft e rnoon at the Recreation Ground, 1I1 .t he presence of an ll1terest ed gat h eri n "· of spe t t WIth Supt. S. Scott there v:ere fift,Y membet s of the on paradc, a ll of them in a nd the men.bell1g Ambulance Officer Wm. SCllve n e r , the N ur sl11g sectIOn un der Lady S t R Ruffle" t h e Boy Cadets und er Cadet Officer A. ami q-Irl Cadets und e r L ady Cadet Officer F. Ca rt er. Surgeon]. S. Rak e was a lso prescnt. Th e men a!1 c , the Doy Cadets were inspected by County CommissJOn.e ro.D r. .s. _9· Eades, and the nurses and G irl Cadets by Actll1 :qlstnc t Supt. Mrs. S. B. Porter, w h o was accompa m ed by the following staff office r s :-County Surgeon I?r. T. H. Goodman, of Haverhill; Lady District Officer M ISS L. Haggar, and District Officers F. E. Nethercoat and J. E. Death. During the proceedings a

A I O 93 taking p<l:rt in the county competitions, and he sald lthctt he fe lt ]ustlilcc1, considering the work put in by l11el11 )crs of t h e Brigade on behalf of tl bl' gene rall y, in appealing to of the to le t pu IC t ribu te to t l wn 0 con- le expenses of such an occasion H I expressed his great pleasure at seein o· Dr' Go e d a so present after his severe i lln ess. b·:r 0 man f To District Porter fell the pleasing duty o present1l1g the. follow1l1g trophies :-The "Erie" ShIe ld (for the sectIOn of the Division makin o the b t percentage 0 f attendance at drills throuo hout the yea e _) c 0 7 by the Boy .Cadets, and accepted on"" their behalf c 1»: ac et. Officer Sh IPP ; the" Eades" Cup, won b Cadet Phy llI S SCrIvener; and the" Scott" Cup won l{y edt ClIfford Claydon. was .also a to to Sg.t \ym Bea'ns lor pass111g his third "first aid" eXamll1atlOn.

Surgeon Goodman acknowledged the kind ane! h elp!ul 1 emarks that hac! been made by the Offiductll1 o 't' L cers COIl"" e l11spec lOn, to WHom, ane! to th e members of t h e cO l l1n 1 ty staff accompanying them, hearty thanks accorc ec, on the call of SllPt. Scott.

No. I I (S ou thern Railway.)

The cup. presentee! for competition by the Southern Ral:wa y se.ctIOn the St. .T ohn Ambulance Bri g ade at Do\ er, whIch 111cludes the the Drw c r

l\[elllbers of the \dcl e rle y a n,d Area Di"i s ion of the S.J.:-\,.B., attached to the Longton and DI strIct Corps, orth Staff, o. 5 District.

" case" reC[ ui ring bandaging elc was attended to the " " 1' }' pa.tlent Je.l11g aftenvarc!s remoyed on a tretcher, and Actll1g Dlstnct Supt. Porte r and District Officer Death cond u cted exam in ation.s of thc G irl and Boy Cadets respectl,;e ly, to deternune t h e h o ld ers for the coming year of the Eades" and lhe " Scott" cups.

At thc close, District Supt . Porter, addressing the a nd GI rl Cadets, expressed herself as very ple.ased WIth all she had seen, and tendered her congratulatIOns to the members and to the office r s who had charo'e of t h em. She h ad a specia l compliment to pay t h e Gi';.-l who had carned off the" Parkington " cup, which IS ope n to the county a f in t h e first competition for that trol?h y, a nd s poke 111 very ap p reciative terms of t he work bel11g put in by Lady Cadet Officer Carter.

Commissioner Eades spoke in a sim ilar manner to the men and tbe Boy Cadets, h avi n g, also, in this case, t o co n g r at ula te the Boy Cadets upon bein o· the first' of the" Parking-ton" C up fo r Boy Cadet sectio n s m S\lffolk. Speaking of the distance of Haverhill f rom TPSWICh, Commissioner Eades said h e und e r stood that it was lar ge ly a matt e r of expense that prevented the men's

Priory, and the Dovcr Harbour) has been WOll by the Doyel' Marine.

The trophy is awarded for efficient Ambulance 'work and is l?y the Eastern Diyisional Supt. and Eastern Dn'lslOnal Commercial Manager, and th e ir staff at Dover.

The examiner was Dr. Stanley Davies of Brockle, The following were the teams :-'DOYer (Captain), J. Culley, R. Wl11ter, J. \ V Smllh, D IIarns and F Lewis.

Dover Harbour.-P. Newham (Captain), F. SkIpwortb, S. Samson, A. ]. Smith, E. Farrant and D. Goodyear.

Dover Priory.-P . \ Vickens (Captain) L. Cleaver, Vv. J. Abbott, P. Austin, R. Au tin and R. Howard. The following is a list of the winners of certificates and other a wards :-

Certincate.-Messrs. V. Hinds, \V. Busswooc1, E Howell, J. Culley, D. Goodyear, G. Holman, L. IImyard, A. E. Cleayer, E. Dorman, E. Farrant, G. Head, \V. Lemar, F. Lewis, H. J. Smith, G. Morley, R. Dean and H. \ \falters,

-FIRST

Scven years' servicc medals.-Messrs. D. Harris, A. Clark and S. Samson.

Fourtcen years' service meclal.-Mr. B. Carter. ::\Ieclallions.-1Vlessrs. W. Mitchell, 'vV. J. Abbott and II. Noyes. W· A H kino' Bars.-l\Iessrs. P. \\,i.ckens,. R. 111ter, oc b' R. S. Austin, E. J. AUSLIl1,. 'vVlse, Moon, S: P. Newham, B. Squinell, A. F. th, Knott, H. Grimmer, II. Plyck, J. PIerce, Drul y, Goo , \V. Coward, A. Hawes, /uJlger, l?lyer and W. S'., l\Ir Dave Pcrkiss, the" l\ Ill11alur e IIercules ,a wonderful display of strength. IIe claims to be Bntams wonder athlete. str<:>ngest man in the :V0,rld. at own weight. This IS eV Idenc ecl by t he WOI ld s 1 ccore s he holds.

Alderman Deacon, J.P., President, District Officer J. A. Bornc, S.B., an? c. MIlton, S.13., at thc anllual in spection of the DivISIon on September 2nd. Alderman Deacon has glVen over fifty .of public serYice to the Borough of Rye, represents It on the East Sussex ounty Council, and has had the honour of bein o r eceived by the Pope. He has also been personally with the Croix du Guerre by Marshal Foch. Supt. Ramsden is doing ar;t _ and includes a g rowing 111 'plOgr amme. At the conclusion of the 111spectlOn the DIvISIOn attended Rye Parish Church, the sermon was preached by Bishop Bidwell of Ontaoo.

The delio-htful moat 01 'wa lmer Castle was lent by thc Lord of the Cinque Ports to the Deal and vValmer Diyision for a dance on August 30th. Earl Beauchamp presented the prize.s t? successful revellers, and was wa rml y thanked by DIstnct Officer F. Hughes, M.D., for his s ustain ed inter est in the local work.

District Officer E. J. Prew, S.13., representc?

Commissioner of o. 11 District at the funeral of Dlstnct Officer Batt, o 11 District at Reading. A large ml1:nber of J o. 11 District personnel attended as a tnbute to a loyal friend Divisional Supt. Fueggle :vas 111 charge of the bearing party. Brigade from the Rcading, Henlcy, TVlyford, GOrIng, vVinclsor, SlOllgh, Fc1tham, and Padd111gton were included in the large number of mourners. ASSOCIation representatives from Taunton, Worcester and Swindon also attended.

vVillesborough Diyision gave a much appreciated display of Ambulance work at the local CrIcket Club Fetc, on Septel11 ber 1st.

Faversham Division mourns the suddcn death of its Treasurer, l\Ir. T. C. Holloway, J.P., a man of interests, he was neycr happier than when renderIn g public service A prominent. he was W.M. of the Graystone Lod ge, \Vh ltstable, 111 1909 ; Secretary of the Athelstan Lodge, Faversham; P.P.G.D. Bearer, Kent. A member of the parish church chOIr from boyhood. He was also a great worker for the Faversllam Philharmonic Society, and a pioneer of the local Adult Sc11001 1110YCment. Hc was well known 111 the dislrict as Insp eclo r of the S.R. Engineer'S Dept.

Major-G e neral Sir P e rci\'a S. Wilkin so n, K.C.M.G., C.B., Acting Chief C01l1mis ioner of the SL John Ambulance Brigade, is to visit cwcastle on October 27th, and will inspect the lo ca l corps of t he Brigade in St. George' s Drill Hall. The Officers of the Di s tri ct will afterwards entertClin the G e neml at dinner.

Prio ry for Wales.

DISTI GUrSllED BRAVERY RECOGNISED.

THERE was an interesting sequel on Friday, October 5th to an accident which occurred at the Gatewen Cc'lIiery, \Vrexham, Denbighshire, when the Bronze Life Saving Medal of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. Job n of Jerusalem was presented to Mr. \Villiam Robertson, an overman at th is colI iery.

Tbe terrible disasters which have occurred from time to time in connection with the coal mininer industry have been illuminated by the rare and o'allantry invariably displayed by the and the hero of the present incident well to be numbered with those" who in a act?[ gallantry

own lives 1n savlng or attemptIng to save lIfe and so become eligible for recognition by the Order. The case is a particularly happy one to recall, as gaJlantry ,vas with success, and what mio-ht have been a tnple tragedy, averted. The accident occurred in the early morn i ng. Three men, namely, John Thornton, Cha.rles Jackson Lewis John Thomas, were .carrYll1g out repairs, timbering the roof of the mal11 haulage road In the four feet seam. A bar which they had just set broke without warning, the roof collapsed and about fifty tons of heavy stones and small dirt fell, completely burying Thornton and trappi ng J ackson and Thomas. \Villiam Robertson happened to be near and immediately, without considering the risk he incurred, released Jackson and Thomas from the edges of the fal I. All the wh ile more stones and small dirt were falling and Thornton was in great danger of being suffocated, although he was partly protected by a heavy stone over a ton in weight, and a broken prop, but. unable to move.

By the most stren uous exertlOns, Robertson burrowed under the fall, freely risking his life, and after twenty minutes hard work succeeded in releasing Thornton. Within three minutes after he was rescued the whole place collapsed.

The officials and workmen at the Colliery expressed their adm iration of the bravery shown by Robertson by presentino- him with a gold watch, but it was felt some official recognition should be given, and representations made to the Priory for \Vales resulted in the bestowal of one of the most highly cherished awards for the savi ng of life on lane1.

The presentat ion was made by Mr. James Darlington (Cha i rman of the Denbighshirc Centre of the Priory) at the Gatewen Co l liery, and the medal was pinned on by Lady Lewis, O.B.E , a Lady of Grace of the Order. Mr. J IIoughton (manager of the Broughton and P las Power Co. , Ltd . ) presided, and the ce r el110ny was attended by

Od ob er 19Z8.

a large and representative gathering, including Mr. Robertson's two and young son.

Sir Herbert D. Lewis, K.B.E , explained the circumstances under which the Order awarded Life Saving Medals and congratulated Mr. Robertson, in the name of the Prior (II. R. H the Prince of Wales), the Sub-Prior (the Right. I-Ion. Lord IZylsant, G C.M.G ), and the Chapter of the Priory

MOTOR AMBULAN CE TRANSPORT SERVICE.

The opening of an ambulance transport station at Pencoed, Glamorgan, adds another link to the Priory's chain of motor ambulance cars extending throughout the South V/ales coalfield.

This Ambulance Transport Service has been approved by the Mines Department as complying with the regulations of the Coal1\lines Act in regard to the provision of ambulance transport, and each year a greater number of colliery comp3.nies are subscribing at the rate of one s hilling per annum per man employed. The merits of af!1liation to this service, with its fleet of ambulance 111 day and night commission, in comparison with the inadequate method of maintaining one car, are referred to by Dr. H J. Cronin, M.R.C.P , in his recent official report to the Secretary for Ml11es o n First Aid Or ga nisation at Collieries in Great Britain, in which he states :- " In \Vales St. John's Association has taken up the questIOn of tra nsport very thoroughly, and at present offers unlimited facilities to any colliery which subscribes to its scheme."

The majority of the \V orkmen's Lodges have ado pted a scheme whereby for a payment at the rate of one penny per member [ler week the men, the ir wives and families, may h ave the free use of an ambulance in case of accident or sickness.

In addition to the mining cOllll11unity the se rvice is available to the genet'al public and in some country districts the whole population subsc ribes on the same basis as the workmens' lodges. \Vhen a car is required, by day or night, it is only necessary to ask the telephone operator or pol ice fo r an ambulance. The call will be transmitted to the nearest station and in the event of this car being in use the ambulance from the next station would be immediately summoned.

A:\1BULANCE GATIIERI;\G r\ T

The annual dinner and distribution of awards in connection with the Newport IIigh Street Great Western Railway Ambulance Class was .held Newport on Monday, September SIr FelDe J. C Pole, General Manager of th? Great \Vestern Railway Company, was present \\'lth a tive gathering of railwaymen and members of the Order.

Mr. E. G. Ireland (Divisional Locomotive Supt., Newport) presided, supported by Sir Fel ix Pole, His Worship the Mayor of Newport (Coun-

cillor Frank Quick), Sir Henry Mather Jackson, Bart . , C.B . E . (Chairman, Monmouthshire Centre of the Priory), Mr. R. Wilson Bartlett (Commissioner, Monmouthshire Centre), 1\1r. A. G. E. J. Fudge and Mr. G. Campbell Oliver (ex-Commissioners, 'ewport Centre), Dr. ,Vi lliam Verner (Honorary Lecturer to the High Street Class), Dr. S. McCormac (A / Commissioner, Newport Centre), Corps Surgeon Dr. Edgar Llewellyn (Cardiff), Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K.B.E., 1\lessrs . Trevor E. Roberts (Divisional Supt., Tewport), F. \V. Wheatley (Assistant Divisional Supt., l\ ewport), Godfrey Jenkins (Divisional Goods Supt., Cardiff and Newport), M. C. Harrison (Divis iona l Engineer, Newport), A. \V. Hollingdale (Assistant Divisional Engineer, 'e \vport), H. F. D. Page (Ass istant Signallin g Engineer, Great \V estern Railway), 1\lajor T y rwhitt (Assistant Divisional Locomotive Supt., Newport), 1\lessrs. R. KewerWilliams (Caerleon), H. N S. Edwards (Assistant Divisional Locomotive Supt. :';ewport) and 'V. H. Roberts (Chief Clerk to the Di\' isional L ocomot i\'e Supt , 'ew port).

The Newport High Street Ambulance Class has one of the largest memberships on the Great ,Vestern Railway. Eighteen of its members have received the gold medal for fifteen years' efficiency. The ereneral manao'er in dealing with the ambub b'. T lance question, paid high tribute to Newport Class and expressed thanks to the mecltcal Sion to whose o-enero us assistance the progreSSlye 'b 1 state of the ambulance l110\ ement was largely cue.

A certificate of Honorary Life i\lembership of the Priory was presented to Dr. ,Villiam Verner for his services as honorary lecturer to the In making the presentation, Sir. Herbert Le\\ lS said much of the development which recent years had brought to ambulance work. was clue to .the the support it had received from companies, who were among the first to realtse Its ar:d were still giving the lead in other 111 th.1S respect. He was to Sir Feltx Pole that night that It was hIS ll1tentlOn that ambulance work shou ld be brought up :0 same standard on the Great \Vestern Road Service as. on their railways, and he looked fon\ ard to the tIme when this exam pIe would be followed by owners of all public service vehicles.

BRECO:-\ V A.D. I;\SP ECTED

The Buckland Bwlch Voluntary. Aid Detacht (N 0 CJ O Brecon) was inspected In the Breck- men . - d . nockshire Agricultural Society's ?how groun In Brecon on September 8th i\laJor S. O. Dolan, R. A.1\1. C . , who was. detal the Officer Commancling-ll1-ChleE of the ,\ estern Command . . I C

The members of the Detachment, .Wlt 1 mandant 1\lrs. Cresswell in command, lll1ed. up. l,n review order outside the ambulance tent to 1 ecel\ e

the Inspectin o · Officer, "who was accompanied b y the County Sir Herbert D W. Lew is, K.B.E.

All Voluntary Aid Detachments registe red at the 'Var Officer must be inspected one in each year by a military officer to ensure efnciency in the duties undertaken. The Inspectlllg Officer expressed satisfaction with the work and comp limented the Commandant on the efficiency shown by this first Detachment in the County under the War Office scheme for the prOV ISIOn of voluntary reserves to supplement the Medical Services of the Naval, 1\Iilitary and Air Forces in the time of war or other national emergency The Detachment takes its name from its President, Lady Buckland of Bwlch, who takes a keen and practical interest in the ambulance movement . The officers are: Mrs. C S Cresswell, Commandant; Dr. T . P. Thomas, Medical Officer; Nurse Davies, Lady Supt.; Mrs. Mabe l Dease, O.B.E , Ouartermaster; Ir. F. Platts, Section Leader. flobile women members may be required at least once in every three years to attend for eig'ht days at a Service Hospital for training. :Miss A Picton has just completed a course at the Tidworth Military IIospital, and the matron has reported very favourably on her ability and interest in nursing work.

The Buckland Bwlch Nurses have responded to many calls for public duty during the summer months. As the Buckland Bwlch Nursing Division of the Brigade, they undertook responsibility for the ambulance arrangements at the Agricultural Shows at Sennybridge and Brecon and at the Girl Guides Camp held in August.

AWARDS DISTRIBUTED TO BRECOl'\ CLASSES.

The members of the Brecon and Talyllyn Ambulance Classes of the Great Western Ra ilway Company held their annual dinner on Thursday, September 20th, at Brecon.

1\1r. C. C. Jones (Stationmaster, Brecon) presided, supported by Dr. T. P. Thomas, who trained the class, 1\1r. P. Skey (Stationmaster, Talyllyn), Captain Carberry, R.N. and Sir Herbe r t D W. Le\\'is, K. B. E., who presented ambulance efficiency a\\'ards to over forty men who had been successfu l in the recent examination Mr. R. L. Tippins, the class Secretary, was responsible for the arrangements and a musical programme contributed to a happy evening.

Sir IIerbert Lewis congratulated the railwaymen on conti nu ng their first aid classes and was glad to see many new members who were to receive their first am bulance certificate that night. The ambulance movement in Breconshire \;"Tas, he said, making rapid strides. They already had three mens' Division s and one Nursing Division. The Ha y G.\V.R Class had decided to form a Division, which was well on the way to comp letion and he

A I D.- Oct ober 1928

h oped Brecon wo uld fo ll ow its exa m p le, h e wa n te d eve ry efficie n t a m b ul a n ce m an to dl sp lay the S t. J o hn Badge i n t h e w ind ows of t he ir h o u ses -as was done d uri ng th e G r eat War-so t h at t he public m i ght k now whe r e t o o b ta in assista n ce in case of acc ident, w hi c h was mo r e t h an n ecessa r y these days, wit h the n u m b e r of street acc ide n ts continua ll y inc reasi n g . H e hoped, a lso, they wou l d have a moto r a mbul a n ce car in Breco n at some futu r e date, and if t h ey were a bl e to fo r m a Divisio n a n d b e prepared to make themse lves respons ibl e for its adm i nistrat ion a n d ma intena n ce the We lsh Home Se r vice Amb ul ance Com m ittee might be ab le to arrange to a ll ocate a car to serve the county

RHONDDA FACH CORPS

The above Corps he l d their ann u a l chu r ch parade on September 30th at Tylorstown. . ,!,here were over 200 members on pa rade, compnslllg 5 Ambulance Divisions, 2 Cadet Divisions, 2 Nursing Divisions, and 1 Cadet Nursing Division ; also the Ferndale Fire Brigade; headed by the Y nyshir Si lver Prize Band The parade marched through the main thoroughfares under the mand of Corps Supt. T . J. Evans, assIsted by Corps Secretary C and C:0rps Treasurer Da n Roberts to attend DIvllle serVIce at St. Mary Magdalen'S Church The Rev Henry W ithers, B . A., vicar, conducted the service .

Southall Division Church Parade.

A parade and open-air seryice was organised hy the No. 55 Southall Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in conj unction with the local R.A.O.B. Lodg-es and kindred societies on Sunday, September 23rd, 1928.

The participating organisations assembled in good force outside the public first aid dressing station in 1\laypo le Road, Southall, at 2.30 p m , and marched to the park, where the service was conducted by the Rev. S. M. YounK, Vicar of Holy Trinity Parish Church, Southall.

Headed by the Hanwell Town Silver Prize Band, the order of the procession was as follows: Southall, Acton, Ealing, Twicken h am and Kensington Ambulance Divisions; Grand Lodge Officers G.M B., New Century, Earl Kitchener, Ivy Leaf, Pride of Southall, G.L.E., and visiting Lodges from Heston, Hounslow and Chiswick; British Legion, Foresters, Druids, Rechabites, L.G.O.c. Employees, Hanwell Garage, Southall, Norwood and Hayes Fire Brigades, Scouts and Boys' Brigade. On the arriyal in the park, the parade, which had created a good deal of public interest along the route, was joined by the Southall Nursing Division and cadets with members of the Ealing Nursing Class and Girl Guides, who had assembled there. The service was also attended by a large number of the public, the total congregation numberingabout eight hundred. The officials present sistant Commissioner S . J. Warren and Lady Dlstnct Officer Viscountess Mountgarrett, O.B.E., Di:visional Surgeon Dr. C. W Seccombe, Supt. J. Supt. J. E. Taylor, Ambulance Officer I-I. S. Kmg and Ambulance Officer A. Siers, Councillor F. W. Moss, J.P., Chairman of the Southall-Norwood Urban District Council, Dr. A. H. Hart, Chief Officer A. Smith, Southall

F ir e Brigade, Chief Officer R. A. Sa lies, Hayes Fire Brigade, Mess r s Gohm, Blrch, Learoyd and Long, R.A O.B., G.M B full surplice choir (Holy Trinity Church) led S111g111g of hymns, "Fight the Good Fight," "0 God, our Help 111 Ages Past," and" The White Cross of St. John," accompanied by the Hanwell Town Silver Prize Band.

The Vicar of Holy Trinity said that in addressing the kind friends who had come together to that place, he wanted, first of all, to read two verses from the second epistle of St. Peter, the first chapter. Having read them, he commented that he thought St. Peter, when he wrote these words) meant that our godliness must not be selfish; it must be social and Christian; it must r eac h out to all men, whether they be Christian or not. When our Lord and Saviour had b ee n asked by one of those around Him, .. Who is my neighbour? " He told them the story of how, after a priest and a Levite had passed a man by who had been set upon and wounded and robbed on the way trom Jerusalem to Jericho, a Samaritan-one who worshipped on Mount Gerizim, not at J e rusalem-had stopped in sympathy and in care for him. This Samaritan, a tender-hearted man, took his fellow-traveller, led him to

Friendly Societies' work of sustaining their sick brothers :-v hel1 no longer able to work for their support, and nursl11g them tenderly back to health and activity and independence. For both these branches of human and Christian se rvic e there is abundant scope in these days in which we are livin g.

In our well-ordered state wayside pillage and murder arc a lmo st unknown. Happily they are very rare ocurrences. But our modern life, with its rapidity of move- , ment and Its wonderful development of mechanical means of transport, has produced an ever-growing crop of accidents and 1l1JUfl es to the human frame which are constan tly needing first aid, and in numberless instances require after care and maintenance. It is a good th1l1g, he thought, that they had that day the opportunity of inviting the public attention of their own community to these necessary and noble institutions. Might God of HIS mercy bless the Ambulance Brigade and prosper the Friendly Societies. Might the former neYer lack and devoted workers, prepared and fitted to cope eve ry emergency comes along, and might th e splnt of sympathy cont1l1ue to permeate, to domina te, and to actuate all th e operations of their great Friendly Societies in this to\vn of Southall and else'v\'here. They

a place of rest, and paid the good man of the house to look after him and care for him) and gave him sufficient money to maintain him for several days. More than that, the Samaritan said, "If he should not recover sufficiently to get back to his home and his friends in a few days, whatever more was expended you shall have from me the next time come along."

It was from this old story, said the Rev. S. M. Young, that he had learned all that they stood for in that meeting. All they who belonged to the Ambulance Brigade or to the Friend ly Societies, or those of them who were bystanders but sympathised with and supported the work of these organisations-they were all just humble f?llowers of that good Samaritan in the promptltude WIth which he answered the call of his fellow-man, wounded and suffering, and rendered that invaluable first aid which saved his life from immediate extinction. They saw .t he picture of that blessed ministry to which their brothers and sisters in the Ambulance Brigade had trained and devoted themselves, and in the care bestowed upon that wounded man in order that he might regain his lost strength, they had again the type, the picture of the

were asked at that gathering to giye some practical.prou£ that they po sessed a social conscience by to the AmblJ..lance Drig'ade and the local nurs111g 111s11tutlOll. He would no\\' j us!: in closing recall to t heir minds the word of thc Holy Scripture with which they began: " Add to your faith godliness, to your godliness brotJ1erly kindness," and let their brotherly kindness be full of farr caching- charity. Godliness is only another word for God-likeness. and God-likeness demands that we should exercise humanity and sympathy toward th.ose \\'ho need our help. \\ hocyer they are. In the offermg that they made that day let their charity be free and unselfish and willing· and God-like.

The seryice concluded with the inging of .. Goel ,1\'e the King."

A collection. amonntl11g- to £6 9s. 6d:. :\'as dcyoted to the Southall-X orwood K ursing AssocIatlOll a.nd Southall St. J Oh11 Ambulance Brigade in proportlOl1s ot twenty-fi,'e and seventy-fin cent. IS tp make this an annual affair \\'1th the object of b.r11lg1l1g the Brig'ade and Friendly S ocieties in closer U11!on for the public interest.

Octob e r, 1928 -

Darlington Nur s ing Divi sion (se6 page 92).

Rat/way Ambulance News.

Great Western.

The new session (1928-9) was opened th.roughout the G.W R. system with considerable enthuslasm New classes have been formed at many P01l1ts, and old cl asses have re-assembled with many new members. Some of the classes commenced their courses of lectures as ea rl y as mid-September, and the opening of the p r esent mor: th sees most of them well started The Class Secretanes arc again making a special appeal to the younger members of the staff to join the Ambulance ranks

EXETER

We understand that Mr. D. F Atkins, of the Divisional Superintendent's Office, Exeter, h as been appointed to the position of Traffic Department tatiye on the Exeter Divisional Ambulance CommIttee, and as Divisional Ambulance Secretary. The latter appointment is in the place of 1\1r. J. Parr, Telegraph Department, Taunton, who has resigned after ho lding office for twelve years

SWINDON

Mr. 'vV. A. Stanier (vice-president) took t h e chair at the annual meeting of the Swindon Works Ambu l ance Class, held at the l\Iechanics' Instit u te on Septembe r 9t h , and commented in gratifying terms on the progress made by the class during the past year. The successes of the year included the Directors' Challenge Shield and the (( Athlone" Bowl, and there had also been a s ubstantial increase in the class membership. The Chairman hoped that the class would add to its laurels by providing the team to secure the Inter-railway Challenge Shield for the Great Western Railway.

The Honorary Secretary submitted an interesting report of the year's activ ities, and was hearti ly thanked for his services.

It was reported with regret that Dr, A. W Bennett was resigning the post of lecture r , but it was gratifying to learn that an able successor had been secured in Dr. Dunstan Brewer.

1\1r. e. B. Collett, Chief :Y1achanical Eno'ineer was ag'ain appointed President of the class, and the 'VicePresidents were re-elected

The new session of the class commenced on S unday, September 16th.

DUDLEY

At a distribution of examination awards to membe r s of the Dudley Class, Alderman W. Bradford, J.p , O.B.E., Deputy Mayor, who made the presentations, announced his intention of giving a Cha ll enge cup for competi tion among the class members.

NEWPORT DOCKS.

Speaking at the distribution of awards to members of the Newport Docks class, Mr. J. H. Swall ow, Docks Manager, said that a centenarian subject to epi leptic fi ts with use l ess legs could, provided he had the r equ isite five shillings, obtain a driving licence, and pointed out that such absurd regulations were a serious menace to road passengers. This made it very desirab le that as many persons as possible should acquire a fi r st aid training. G.W.R. were equipping their new omnib u ses wit h first aid outfits. It had been tru ly sa id t h at rai lway t r a in s

o'ene r a ll y are the safest places on earth, and the G W R. bids fair to extend that claim to its road vehicles

1\1r. W. Cl eaver, Resident Docks Engineer, presided ove r the gathering, and during the evening presentations were made to D r. Hamilton, lect u rer, and to Messrs. J. and e. Marsha ll, class secretary and instructor respectively.

A strong appeal was made by several of the speakers for recruits for the coming session

London, Midland and Scottish.

.vATFORD

In connection with the presentation of awards, a smoking concert was held at the Queen's Arms; St. Albans September 12th . . .

1\Ir. A. Wood-Hill, supported by Major G. N. Ford) presided over a goou. attendance. ,

The chairman, at the outset, said he would not give a dissertation on Ambulance work, because he would be talking to those already converted. They would not do the work if they did not know it was a good thing to do He thought it was very creditable that the 49 men who had attended for examination had all passed.

1\ l r Wood -H ill went all to express thanks to Dr. Buchanan for the work he had undertaken in connection with the class, to the secretary, 1\1r. Luing, for running the class, and to the older members who had acted as instructors

The secretary, in his report, stated he had one regret, and that was there were no first-year examinations These were six second-year, five third-year) and 38 fourth and subsequent years.

Mr. T. G. Davis had passed his 35th examination, amI four others had passed over 20 examinations Two gold medals for 15 examinations were also won by Mr. F. e. Crane and Mr. W J. Jennings

Major Ford, in presenting the awards, said he would like to say that he had always regarded the Watford Ambulance Class as one of the best they had on the line. He was very disappointeu., as everyone else was, that there were no first-year men.

OTTINGIIAM.

An enjoyable evening- was spent on August 25th, when a smoking concert was held, Mr. Gratten presiding. , A long-service gold medal was presented to Mr. G. Shnvc, class instructor, and a bar to long-service medal to Mr. e. D. Jarman, assistant class instructor, by Mr. Ball, who spoke in glowing terms of Messrs. Shrive's and Jarman's services to the Ambulance movement. Mr. Ball also presented certificates, vouchers and medallions to the class members. Mr. Shrive presented the class l ecturer, Dr. Blurton, with a pair of motoring gloves.

UTTOXETER.

The presentation of the awards to Uttoxeter. L.M.S. Railway Ambulance Class took place at the Dnll Ha ll , on Sunday, August 19t1l, by Brigade Supt. H. Ho l!l1es (Uttoxeter Town). The following members receIved awards :-One year: J. W. Ambrose, R. D. Hassall , H. B lood, S Danks., P M. Danks, H H Watson, A. Lovatt, A. Russell, W. Moors, IT. E. Bentley, J. W. H B. Beavan, A. E G r eatorex, S. R. Ma r tin, J J I-Iigso n, J. T ho rl ey,

October, 1928. -FIRST

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

DeaL h of t he E di tor

\11 Ap preciat ion .. .

" F irst Aid " lVl ar kin g S h ee t Li brary

He lpers in H yg ien e

BRIGADE D I STRICT R EPORTS No.

AID. - 99

WOL VERHAMPTON.

T h e presentation of awards to the successful students of the fi r st L. M S. ladies' Ambulance Class held in Wolverhampton took place on July 27th. Mr. W. A. Thomas, district goods manager, presented the pendants and certificates, and congratulated the members of the class on the fact that of the ladies who took the examination 100 per cent. were successful in passing. This, he said, reflected very great credit on the lecturer, Dr. Davison, and the instructor, 1\1r. H. T. \Villiams, as well as on the l adies concerned, and he expressed the hope that the membership of the class would greatly increase; and the interest of the present members be sustained.

On behalf of the class, Mr. Thomas presented Dr. Davison with a silver pencit and 1\1r. H. T. 'Villiams with a pocket knife, and boxes of cigarettes were also giyen by the members to the men who had assisted in their instruction.

FORF.\R.

What proved to be one of the finest spectacles ever witnessed in Station Park, Forfar, took place on Sunday, August 5th, "vhen the annual insflection of Fodar County Ambulance workers (organised by L.1\I.S. Section) vvas performed by Lord Strathmore, and Professors Price and Steggall, Dundee. Fully 3,000 people witnessed the display. After the inspection and march past, a demonstration by Forfar L.1\I.S. Section was carried out, and thereafter the Dowager Countess of Airlie's Rose Bowl \\'as competed for by ladies' teams. Arbroath Ladies secured the premier honour. Amongst those present were Lord and Lady Strathmore, Lord Southesk) Lord Talbot, Dowager Countess of Airlie, Sir Harry and Lady Hope, Sir Alexander and Lady Spence, Lady Baxter, and many others well known in the county.

GLOUCESTER

The annual presentation of awards took place on Sunday, September 23rd. 1\11'. 'V. A. Fish presided, supported by ::\Iessrs. T. A. Cartwright, F. Daniells, J. A. S. Mc [iUan, A. G. Radford, S. Blood, VV. Little, J. Gough, e. D. Lansley, S. E,"ans, and the Corps Surgeon, Dr. J. Greene. The President, who eulogised the good work of the Ambulance workers, and spoke of the general usefulntss of the know ledge gained, presented the first aid certificates and vouchers. 1\1r. T. A. Cartwright, in preseuting medal! ions, said the corps was fortunate in hay ing the support of all the local departmental heads. l\lr. Little next presented bronze labels and expressed his pleasure in being associated with such humanitarian work

A. Shorthouse, and J. Green; Vouche r s : P.e. S. N Brough, P.e. J. H. Evans, P.e. F Morris, and A W. Eyans; Medallions: P.e. A. E. Peake, P . e. F . T. Roberts, P.e. H Whittaker, and P.e. 'vV. Cooke; Labels: Sergeant S. Vodrey, P e. J. W Sharratt, and P e. e. Procter. Dr. J. R. Ocldic was the lecturer, and Dr. G. H. Herbert the examiner. The following Brigade members also received their awards, Dr. Foxton being the examiner :Vouchers: W. Critch low, R. Sho r thouse, W. Coates, F. e. Pritchard, and J. W Ford; Meda ll ions: E. A ll en, J. F. Marklew, A J. Bailey, J. E. Ho lmes, A. E. Chatfield, F. J. Hurst, and D. E. Thomas; Labels: Supe r intendent H. Holmes, Officer lV. Huxley, Sergeant H H u dson, and Sergeant J. Critchl ow, Privates W. H Allen, e. Attwoqd, W . Russell, e. Allen, F. A . Hammond) W . II . Ott ew ell, W. F. J. Jenkinson, e. Hodsoll W. Bagley, J. Ashmore, F Rudel, W Trevitt, and J. T. Greatorex. The Class Instructor was Officer W. H uxley) and the L.M.S. Hon. Secretary, M r. W. H A ll en.

1\1r. Radford, in presenting silnr labels, referred to the fortunate position of the corps in having two trophies for annual competition, and said another trophy, kno,,"n as the 'lV. A. Fish Efficiency Cup, had been presented for the best all-round performance during the year.

Mr. e. D. Lansley presented silnr miniature labels. Dr. J. Greene referred to the high standard of efficiency of the corps, and appealed to the members to endeavour to get more first-year men.

1\1r. .v. A. Fish then presented to the Gloucester Royal Infirmary a beautiful rocking horse bearing a brass plate with the inscription "Presented by the officers and members of the Glouce ter L.::\!J.S. Railway Combined Am bulance Corps to the Gloucester Royal Infirmary, Children's Ward, 1925,"

The Secretary (Mr. Symons) expressed thanks on behalf of the institution for the valuable gift.

ST. ROLLOX

At the monthly practice of St. Rollox \Vorkshops Ambulance Section, 011 July 1st, an interesting presentation to late Commandant Jack Dewar, who retired from

-FIRST roo

com man d in Ma r ch last, after 31 years as took place. Comman d ant Mackay called on Mr WIllIam Annan to make the presentatlOn . .'

Mr. Annan spoke of the pleasure he had 111 associated with l\Ir. Dewar in the Ambulance work S111ce the year 1890, during which time l\Ir. Dewar had been in the forefront of the He w.as SOl? the state of Mr. Dewar's heal t h dId not permIt ?f hIS carrying on, but he sure he expressed. the of the Section when he saId that he hoped Mr. De\\ ell woulJ soon be restored to good health, and. be able to come amono' them all again. Mr. Annan then asked Mr. Dewar to a wallet of Treasury notes as a token of esteem from the Section.

Mr. Dewar suitably replied.

Southern.

This season's classes are now in the course of formation, and, once again, an appeal is made 01 the staff who are not qualtfied render Fll st AId to the Inj ured" to seriously conslder the .unfortunate position in which they would find 111 the ever:t of their being called upon to help 111 a case of aCCIdent or sudden illness, and hav111g to admIt that they could not afford the relief required.

The subject is not a difficult ?ne to learn, but a knowledge of it may make all the dIfference between lIfe and death to a person.

Class secretaries will be delighted to we1c0!11e be()'inners and will see that the latter have specIal and attention.

A OUERY :-At a competition the other day we were required to treat a man who was found in the on a dark night. He was dazed and compla111ed of a pam in the right leg . He was able to speak, but confused and hiccoughed frequently There was a bl.cycle hIS side. It was diagnosed that he was suffer111g <1: sprained ankle and had been. drinkin g analYSIS ot the test required that the PolIce should be mformed, and that he should be seated on the bicycle and wheeled home. We shou ld like to have an opin ion as to the treatment required, and perhaps, at the .sa:ne ti:ne, informatlOn could be given as to whether It. IS deSIrable to turn a patient lying on his face on to hIS back when a fracture of the spine is present or suspected.

-" First Aider "-South Devon.

So long as the patient does. n?t a of having been assaulted, and 111J ur!' IS of a. slIght nature there is no reason for 111formmg the PolIce It would certainly, in my opinion, be courting and n?t preventing aggravation of the inj ury by means, be breaking the elementary prInClples of. FIrst Aid, if the patient was on a bIcycle the manner indicated. It is certa1l1ly good FIrst AId to turn a patient on his back when a fracture of the spine is present or suspected, provided it is done. with great c::tre as the action of the heart and lungs IS then rendered easier.-R.B.D.

There was an interesting event at Chertsey recently when a competition and demonstration und e r the auspices of the Chertsey Ambulance Committee was held. The arrangements were very capahly made by 1\11'. A. II. :Matthews, the secretary of the Weybridge Class Five teams competed for the silver cup presented by the Committee, the result of the competition being as fo11ows :-

AID. - October , 1928

After the Competition a d emo nstration was given the Waterloo Ambulance team, who were heartIly app la ud ed for their fine display.

By cou rt esy of the Dean, members o! Division w e r e privileged r ece ntly to VlSlt the Museum at Guy's Hospital in the company of theIr DIV. Surgeon, Dr. W. 1- Van.ce, L.R.C.P.Lo.nd., who explained the posItl?nS functlO?S of varIOUS organs, and prOVIded a n 111structlve for present. Full advantage was taken of thIS opportu11lty to increase their knowledge of anatomy, and a vote of apprec iatio n was for. the k een and actIve cooperation of the Doctor 111 the 111terests and work of the Division.

The official Text Book of the St. J oh n Ambulance Association bas been revised, and will sh o rtly b e r eady for issue. It has been arranged, how eve r, that so far as the railways are concerned, t h e issu e will effective until after the Inter-Railway CompetltlOns m 1929, so that this season's classes will be instructed, and the forthcoming Group Compet ition s judged, on the (37th) edition of the book as h eretofore. Competitors please note.

H is with much regret I have to record the decease of a member of the Centre Committee in the person of 1\Ir. A. Deacon, No. 7 District Secretary. tlr. Deacon, who has been a g r eat sufferer for some time, was taken suddenly ill whilst performing duty in the ambulance room at Brighton Works recently. Everything possible was done for him, and he was removed to hospital with all speed, but unfortunately a ll efforts proved unavailing, and he passed away on September 6th. tlr. Deacon has been a quiet but thoroug hl y earnest worker in the First Aid cause for many years, and h is loss is a very real one.

The interment took place at B ri ghton Cemetery on September 11th, many of his old colleagues and friends in the district attending to pay their l ast respects.

The undermentioned members of the staff h ave qualified for the Long Se rvi ce award :-

Gold Medal (21 years).-Edward Mills, Shunter, Reading.

Bronze Medal (7 years).-Ceci l Siggery, Platelayer, Reading; Fredk. Marshall, Fireman, R ead in g; Henry Cordery, Driver, Reading.

Insensibility.

By JAMES HOSSACK, F.R.C.S.

DARESAY other examiners like m yse lf, when acting as judges at various competitions, are struck b y the doubts and hesitations shown by almost every competitor, when he is asked que s tions on the subject of In se nsibilit y.

No wonder, for the condition even to a medical man, is one that require s careful handling, and deduction, if he is to arrive at a correct solution of its cause, and as a natural sequence, an accurate diagnosis.

Without this, one is merel y g ue ss ing and may make an unpardonable blunder, simply because one did not take reasonable care and systematically exami'Yle the individual.

October, 1928. -FIRST

There are certain conditions causing i nsensibility that a First Aider cannot be expected to diagnose, Diabetic Coma for but then, it is not likely that he would he called to such a case, because the patient almost certainly would have been under the care of a doctor for months.

There are others that need not be mentioned. Reference is made to them only, to show the am bulance man that very great care must be exercised in dealing with cases of insensibility.

Your first a id book gives a very good resume, but to my mind does not ern phasise sufficiently, the methods a First Aid man should adopt in exa mining a case, nor does it sufficiently impress upon him the importance of method and system.

Unless the examination is made with method yo u are almost certain to miss points, and if you do, your diagnosis will be uncertain, and you ma y be treading on very thin ice indeed, in applying remedies

For instance, if you were to diagnose a case of a poplexy as one of poisoning and gave an emetic, yo u would almost certainly end the career of the patient as a li v ing man. It is not an impossibility to do this, [or under certain conditions there are si milarities; but careful examination will save yo u from such a bl under.

Again, were he to diagnose collapse from a ruptured gastric ulcer, as one of fainting, and give hot coffee, once more there is an irreparable blunder, with the gravest possible r es ults to the unfortunate patient.

Care in your examination will avoi d such mistakes.

In cases of In se n s ibility, the First Aider must ta ke pains, must be thorough, and above all syste matic, if he is not to miss important signs and sy mptoms.

He must use his book kno"wledge, and his co mmonsense. He must apply both correctly, if he is to avoid g ra ve complications and possible disaster. I cannot impress that upon you s ufficiently.

I have used the word commonsense, but yo u will remember we all have five senses: Seeing; Hearing; Smelling; Tasting; Feelin g

Everyone of these should be brought into a nd used systematically

I do not mean that yo u must use one at a time, but that yo u must use them all.

If you find an individual lying the road side, don't jump to the conclUSIOn that It is a motor accident, and hunt round to find signs a nd symptoms to fit in with your lightning diagnOSIS.

For all you know the man may be dead drunk, or he may have had a crack on the head from a footpad, robbed and, as pugilists' say, "put out."

Get your facts first, and having got them, use all your senses, piece them together into a con-

AID.- lor

nected whole, and the diagnosis will be reasonably easy and almost certainly correct.

This is the right way: the other is all wrong, and is merely guesswork . True, yo u ma y make a lu cky shot, but yo u probably won't.

Now let me go through a case as I s u ggest, and we will commence b y See'ing, and take it the patien t is a man.

Have a good look at him and the surround. in gs

Is he l y in g quite still or twitching in the limbs. If so, which

Estimate hi s age. Even that will help you

Is there any evidence of a struggle?

Can you see bleedin g from anywhere? If so, sto p it at once.

Any constriction round his n eck?

Is his face pale, blue, or flushed?

Is he crumpled up with one or more limbs l y ing in an unnatur a l position?

Is hi s face drawn to one side?

Is there blood about his nose, mouth, ears?

Even now yo u have amassed a quantity of facts

Of course, Lo write and read a ll this takes t!me, but t o do it does not take a minute, and you have not even touched him yet. But even although, you have already b ega n to get a gii mp se of the possibilities. Carr yon, ne verthe l ess, with your examination and continue to be systematic. Commence at his head. Feeling.

Run your hands all over his head. You may find bumps and l umps produced by blows, or you may find blood that has congealed and matted in his hair which yo u had not n oticed, especially if he were lyin g on that side.

Your blood-st a in ed hands will tell you the t a l e, that ther e is an open wound there, even although yo u have not seen it.

Gentl y pull up one eyelid after the other, and l ook at and compare each pupil.

Are they the same size on both sides? Are they dilated or pin point? Do the r e -act to light?

To get this, close the lid for a moment and suddenly open and expose the eye to the light.

' Vatch carefully, and yo u will see the pupil contract to the li o- ht, almost at once. If it is dark, brin o' a li o- htedt:> match close to the eye and lift the t:> t:> lid, and yo u will see the contractIOn.

In motor accidents n eve r use a match. There may be spilt petrol about. A pocket e l ectric torch is better in every wa y and safer.

Gently touch the surface of each eye one after the other.

If he blinks, or "winces he is not profoundly unconscious. If he does not bli nk at the touch, then he is deeply unconsci o us, and th e case is serious.

(To be coli-eluded.)

1. 2 3. 4.

Reading. Guildford A. Guildfo1'd B. Chertsey Police and Aldershot (tie).

Our NZ1rses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

3 E

Just as we are going to press, the sad news comes through of the sudden death, through accident, of l\Ir. A. B. Dale, the Editor of this] ournal.

\Ve cannot estimate his loss to us, for he ahvays strove to keep FIRST AID to its hi a h standard. \Ve women should be pargrateful to him, for one of his last acts was to give us a corner to ourselves, where we could become better acquainted with each other.

l\Iay we not forget his good example, and ever strive to help all First Aiders as did he.

There is an old proverb which reads "A stitch in time saves nine." How true this is of one's health, and how many people, through not knOlving how to apply that "stitch," learn the truth of that other adage, "Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other."

An accident in the home is no uncommon thing-a kettle of boiling water is upset; baby lumbles dOlVll the stairs; mother lllay slip and put her arm through the window '\' hile cleaning it. All these small occurrences call for prompt treatment, which, to be accurate, is not possible without knowledge. In how many homes is there a Firstaider with such knowledge? Only quite recently a mother took a child with a bead in Its ear to one of the large London hospitals. She had previously done so much probing that the ear was all smeared -w ith blood. Another mother who brought her child to the same hospital had failed to detcct that the little one had something in its eye. Baby rubbed and rubbed with the result that it arrived in the receiving-room with that eye sightless.

Besides accidents, disease is an unwelcome and often frequent visitor. If every adult member of the home were to possess a knOlvledge of HOllle Nursing and of the signs and sym ptoms of the marc prevalent diseases, much suffering might be saved. For instance, it is no uncommon thing to see children suffering with mumps playing with others. :\Iumps is a highly infectious disease, and also a very painful one, and yet mothers do not think it necessary to isolate thei I' ail ing little ones. The benefit, not only to the patient but to the public in general, which would result from having an elementary knowledge of the subject of nursing cannot

bc estimated. This is not only true with regard to children's ill nesses, but also to those of adults. If we women but understood the first signs of those cancerous and other growths to which we scem prone, we should give the doctors a much chance of effecting a cure, and save 0 Irselves pam and inconvenience.

Here, then, is a great work for the women members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. We must become missionaries, and not be content until we see that at least one woman in every home has the knowledae to deal with emergencies of sudden b accident or illness. This is a moral responsLbdlty. Itis so easy to gain knowledge nowadays, but unless it is maintained by constant practice, the time spent in acquiring it will be wasted. This is where membership of aN ursing Division is valuable. By lectures and by taking public and hospital duties, a member keeps her knowledge up-to-date, and, when necessary, is able to render that assistance which is needful.

At the present time the Government does so 111 uch for us in looking after our health, that we are inclined to become slack. Medical Officers of Health, Sanitary Inspectors, Health Visitors, \i\Telfare Centres-a ll these are there for our benefit. Our children are periodically examined at school, and everything possible is done that the coming generation shall be quite fit. This is excellent in its way, but ,ve must not let ourselves rest on our oars and imagine that we have nothing to do but to si t still and be ministered to. I ndeed, if we value all the services which our country bestows upon us, we shall be all the more keen to co -op erate, by seeing that in the home the good work is maintained, and by fitting ourselves to apply that "stitch" when necessary.

TRUTH IS STRANGER THAN FICTION.-

A reader writes:-" You ask for descriptions of interesting cases, so I am sending the accou nt of an accident of which I heard recently. II struck me as being an amazing instance of what a patient, suffering from concussion, can do.

" A young lady was on her way to visit friends when she was involved in a street accident. She came out of unconsciousness to find hcrself on the side of the road. She proceeded to hasten away from the scene of the accident, but agai n became unconscious, and recovered to hear a policeman asking her name. She informed him that she did not know her name, but handed him her card and began to move away. The constable remonstrated,

telling that she had had an accident and that he had sent for an ambulance to take her to hospital. The girl said she was all right and was going home, and go home she did.

" She was over an hou r's journey from home, and to get there had to board three different buses, and, at each of the two changes, to cross busy thoroughfares and after this had [1 ve mi n des' walle Now comes what to me is the most remarkable part of the story- she does not remember any part of that hour's journey.

Ci On reaching home she fell unconscious in her room, and the noise of the fall brought the assistance of her family. The doctor was sent for, and she was found to have concussion, two or three scalp wounds, a fractured jaw, and a dislocated el bow.

"How she managed to do the com plicated journey without someone realising her pI ight and taking her in charge I cannot think, but then , Truth is stranger than "

The officers of No.1 District are holding their annual dinner and dance on December 30th next at the Wharncliffe Rooms, Gt. Central Hotel, Marylebone It is hoped that every officer will endeavour to be present.

On Sunday, September 30th, the members of the Ko. 2 (Ilaggerston) Division held tbeir annual Church Parade. This year they were accompanied by the members of the new Tursing Division of t his District, and by one or two mem hers of other Divisions. Lady Ambulance Officer 1\1iss Robinso n, of 39 (Temple) Nursing Division, was in charge of the detachment of nurses.

No. 80 (Stoke l ewington) Division held its a nnual Church Parade at the Theatre on Sunday, October 1st. About 100 ambulance s isters and lady officers of TO . 1 District, under t he command of Lady District Officer 1\lis \Valker, were present. The Rev. G. A. Studdert Kennedy ("\Voodbine \ Vil lie ") gave the address. The Brigade film was exhibited after the service .

BEDMAIGNG CO:\IPETITION. - Particulars of this competition are now to hanel.

1. The competition will form part of the McFadden Challenge Trophy Competition.

2. The sub je ct for the present will be CiBedmaking," and will form part of the Individual Pract ic a l Test of the five teams which are selected for the final competition. The two members of the team who obtain the highes t marks in this part of the competition will be the winners of the cup for their Divi s ion.

3. Two members of the learn, otb r than the officer, wi II be se lected by thc judge [or this part of the competition.

4. The judges shall be se lected by the Com·

missioner, and will be of the rank of Lady District Supt. or Lady District Officer. Their decision shall be final.

5. The Cup shall he held for twelve months and the Superintendent or Officer in Charo-e of Division to whiel: the winning team belo;gs sha ll be held ble for the safe custody o[ the trophy and Its return to the Comm iss ioner at least 7. days prior to the date fixed for the next competitLOn.

Item s news .and compelilion·, sc.ciaJ, inleresting dUlles, lec tu res, etc ., for thIS page snould be sent to Ambulance S ls: er, c/o The E d itor, FIR,)T AID, 46, Cannon S·., Lond on, E.C.4.

The Editor invites Noles o n aClual Cases -with >pec:al reference to gO'Jd and bad points in Treatment-for inclusi on in this Column.

i\ R ESOl'RCEFUL A_CT.

A woman was doing some \ya hing \\'hen a draught of air from the chimney a sheet of Aallle from til<:' nre into the r oom H er c lothes caught fire; but with great presence of mind h e jumped into a hath of \\'alcr and so distinguished !l ames before these had caused any se\"l?re burns.:'Il.A., Cambridge.

< \ Luo;:\, S\\,ER\·E.

A mall boy was cycl in g home from schoo l "'hen a bl ack cat sudden y dashed aero s the road under the front wh ee ls of hi s cyc le A.t that moment a large motor-lorry wa s passing; but, fortunately for the hoy, he s\\"cn"ed the oppo ite of the road. and, as the cycle hit the kerb, was ca u ght by an onlooker, and therehy sa\"ed from any ser iou s R., Cannon-street.

Jtmbulance News euttings from the 3lress.

The Editor invites r,_eaders to send newsp ape r cuttings on matters of general inter est for inclusion in this column.

S.'\.\'ED BY FISIl[1\'G KET.

The remarkable escape of two llshermen from dro\\'ning wa s reported ""he n the tra\\'ler Strathllncllay at \berdeen f rom the North Sea fishing grounds. As the ncl \\'a s heing run out, the skipper and the mate w e re dragged oyerbnard, disappearing out of The net was hurri ed h- hauled ill, and the men were found clinging Jlirror"

TR.\GEl1Y.

A of Death b\' misad\"enturC' was returned at an inquest 011 Mrs. Gertrude Hughes, 6-1-, of Pl aisto\\·. \\ 'hile cooking, she upset a sauce pan of boiling potatl1es, and scalded her feet. She did 110t calJ in it dodoI'. Last Saturday she fell do\YIl ullcon sc ious, and died soon aftenyarc1s. - ThL doctor \\ ],0 was calleel said that death was clue to cerebral embolism, ,mel thal this rl's ul tl'd from the scalding. i'!-"'l'lIill// \'(·ll'S.

"THE PLUMBER & JOURNAL OF HEATING" IS. monthly) is THE paper for all progressive tradesmen - Publishing Office -46, Cannon Street E.C

From Month to Month.

The Queen, accompanied by Princess Helena Victoria ;nd attended by Lady Cynthia Colville and the Hon. Gerald Chichester, on Thursday, October 4th honoured the Marquess and Marchioness of Aberdeen with a visit at House of Cromar, Tarland, Aboyne.

Lady Aberdeen received her Majesty at Tarland, where the Royal party inspected the Red Cross Emergency Station and the ambulance for road accidents. Lady Aberdeen is President of the Aberdeenshire Red Cross Society. The Queen afterwards presented certificates for proficiency in First Aid to the Tarland School members of the Junior Red Cross. The teachers and pupils of the school, who were assembled in front of the Red Cross station, enthusiastically cheered her Majesty on her arrival and again on her departure.

The V.A.D. first aid road service for Kincardineshire, proposed some time ago, has now been definitely agreed upon. At a meeting at Stonehaven, presided over by Viscountess Arbuthnott, president of the Kincardineshire Branch of the Scottish Red Cross, it was reported that the proposal had been approved by the Executive, and a scheme issued whereby all Commandants will make local arrangements by which members of the various detachments can be called out in case of all sorts of accidents on roads - motor car and otherwise-and render first aid. A list of those nurses willing to turn out for service will be placed with the local doctors and with the police. Forfarshire V.A.D. are, it is understood, also favourable to the new movement, and will shortly agree upon a similar service to that inaugurated by Kincardineshire.

During last year 44,987 hours of public duty were put in by members of the Sheffield Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and over 2,300 cases received atten tion.

When the police box system is com pleted in Sheffield, from 160 to 180 fully-equipped first aid cabinets will be available for public use in all parts of the city. Each police box will contain a cabinet.

Ambulance Classes for the clerical staff at Euston L.M.S. have again been arranged for the Wll1ter months, they commenced on Oct. 2nd and will be held on Tuesday evenings in the shareholders meeting room, Euston Station at 5.30 p. m.

The competition for the County Cup arranged by the Kincardshire branch of the British Red Cross Society will take place in the Town Hall, Stonehaven on November 3rd next. It is hoped that six or seven teams will again compete for this trophy which was presented by Miss Baird of orie in 1911.

An accident in the Heage Central School, when a scholar was injured by a falling blackboard, was referred to at the Heage School Managers' monthly meeting on Tuesday evening, October 2nd The meeting commended the action of Mr. T. Blount, one of the managers, who called in a doctor and the view was expressed that the school should be equipped with first aid appliances.

On Saturday evening, September 29th, the Earl of Scarbrough, Grand Sub Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, presented the awards to the Maltby Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

Speaking of the work of the Order in England, his Lordship said there had been an increase of 61 ambulance Divisions and 11 nursing associations, which comprised an increase of 50,000 in personnel. This increase was very necessary, because of the extra need for first aid service, due largely to the toll of the roads. Some 355,000 cases were dealt with last year.

This year the Order had instituted a national police competition, in which 95 teams had competed. Lord Scarbrough would like to see a national mines competition organised on similar lines, with the final for the cup held in London.

Only last April did the Central Committee of the Mexican Red Cross recognise Junior activity. But the committee went at it in earnest, collaborating with the Ministry of Public Instruction and inaugurating the first Junior Red Cross group in Mexico City at a demonstration school affiliated with the National University of Mexico. There was an inaugural ceremony when the various duties were assigned to the children. "What will interest our Juniors, because they voluntarily assume the responsibility to serve," was a feature of this inauguration when a group of the children was

October, 1928.

-FIRST AID-

" sworn in " as members of the Junior Red Cross executive committee. By this action the Junior Red Cross in Mexico was officially constituted and became a part of thc senior society. The J un iors in Mexico have a rather ambitious programme which includes civics, hygiene, first aid, and service to the sick.

It was in 1923 that steps to establish the airplane service were taken by Prince Charles, preSident of the Swedish Red Cross. Since 1924, there have been 102 patients transported without a single accident to a patient, although there was an accident to the plane two yea rs ago, which for a time disru pted the service. But the army air corps came to the aid of the Red Cross until the old machine was replaced. ---. -.

Birmingham N.C.O.'s in London.

ON Saturday September 22nd a party of 15 members of the Birmingham N. C. O. Cl ub paid their

lOS

Restaurant where an excellent meal had been prepared. There the mem bers again had the pleasure of Dr: Corb et Fletcher, who as Assistant Comrr:lssloner In charge of Central Area welcomed them If! the name of the Commissioner Col. Brooks.

. Wells expressed the pleasure of o. 1 Dlstnct.l\ .<;.0. Club 111 entertaining their comrades from BIrm1l1gham. Sgt. Lowe replied and told how .thre,e afro when the Birmingham Club was in difficultie s It found inspiration to carryon as result of their v isit to the London N. C. O. Club. He to Dr. Corbet Fletcher Lo suggest ways 111 which the London Club mio-ht overcome its present difficulties and win to success equal to that of their own club. b

, Sgt. Palmer, in supporting the welcome to the VISito rs, related some of the difficulties associated with the conduct of a I.C.O Club in London but affirmed the intention s of the London Cl ub to persevere. In a few final words the doctor wished success Lo both Clubs, urging that difficultIes were there to be overcome and that it ,vas up to every individual member to put his back

Ph oto taken on the oC,casio,: ?f an "At Home" gi "en by the members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade O,"erseas, J eWIsh Dl'"ISIOn, to Ir Samuel Jud ah on his appointment as an .\ssociate Sen'Lng Brother of the Venerable Ordel- of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, second VISit to London as the a uests of No. 1 District N.C.O. Club. Welcomed at the station they were first conducted over St. J ohn's where Mr. Ryall gave an eloquent exposition of the various points of interest.

After lunch the party proceeded to the London Hospital they were taken in charge by S jSgt. HarriS of East London Division aFld had the enjoyable experience of being conducted over the Anatomical Museum. Like all others who have. been so privileged, the visitors agreed that they had spent a most usefu I and lI1structive afternoon as the result of S jSgt. Harris eloquent lecture and demonstration of specimens.

N ext the party adjourned to the Cartrcf

into the fight because, if there was nothing for which to fight, there was nothing worth winning.

Shortly after 6 p.m. the party broke up into sections, some going to the theatres and some to places of interest. Finally at midnight a happy but tired party started from Euston for Birmingham, having spent together one of the most enjoyable days in the histories of both Clubs. Any N.C.O. in 1 District interested in this work should apply to Cpl. Palmer, 70, Tew ington Green-road, N .1.

The "DECORATORS' &. PAINTERS' MAGAZINE" (8d. monthly) is THE trade paper for all interestedPubUshing Office: 46, Cltn.tJon Street, E.C .of.

The lectures are being given by Gilbert E. Orme, Esq., M.A., M.B., B.Ch., (Cantab.).

fetters to the &ditor.

We are in no way r espons ible for the opinions expr esEed or the statements made, by Correspondents. - EDITOR.

AN APPRECIATION OF TIlE PROGRESS OF .. FIRST AID."

DE.\R SIR,-

I would not encroach on your valuahle space by 111duJ rr illu- in triyialities. I write with a very strong feeling of and sincere appreciation in the all-rounel excellence of the production of FIRST AID as eVldenced in the September issue.

All the items are not only of deep 111terest to everyone concerned in the amhu lanc e movement, but could scarcely fail to appeal to those with a superficial knO\vledge, \\'ho might llappcn to see a copy of FIRST AID or the Brigade on duty.

The Editorial in particular, on "Road Speeds and First Aid," the" Insurance Question" vividly portrayed on page 58, whil e incliyidually "The Il;tSpect,ion Hy,n111 ,. appeals to me as a most acceptable and 1l1g-emous adJ unct for the pnrpose it is intended .r The Brigade District Repor ts," the doin gs of the "St. John Ambulance Association," "The First Aid lVlarking Sheet Library," that remarkably well-written and illuminating description of " Ambulance vYork in a Country Town," the address on "Ilelpers in IIygiene," the it ems under heading "From Month to l\Ionth," and last, but not least) the introduction of O UR TURSES' P ,\GES,') completes the interest on every page.

I hold no brief fo r the modern woman; there are no Florence Tightingales or Madame l\larie Simons now; your junior readers perhaps might be interested to learn that Madame Marie Simon was known as "the friend of the wounded" in the horrors of the Franco-Prussian 'vVar, 1870-71, a lady who did much unobtrusively to further the work of Henry Durrant in the development of the Red Cross movement But I do think" Our Nurses' Pages" an excellent idea that has led off in a most promisin g manner, making it clear there is a considerable scope and hopeful future for this welcome innovation. Trusting I haye not trespassed on your space and attention, I r emain,- Yours sincerely,

E. J. RACKWITZ.

COi\IPRESSION OF CAROTIDS.

DE_\R SlR,-

I read with interest the article in the September issu e of your magazine 1'C compression of carotids with bleeding nose. 1t may interest many of you r readers to know of an experience which befel me some time ago. A few of my comrades and myself were practising the compression of arteries A discussion arose as to the probable effects upon the brain should both carotids be compressed. One of my comrades, taking great care not to press the windpipe, compressed both my carotids. I immediatelv became unconscious, but r ecovered when pressure '.va-s relaxed. This incident we r eported to o ur medical officer, who informed us that compressing both carotids was a dangerous procedure, and may lead to fatal consequences if maintained for only a short while. If this be so, wou ld it not he advi able to add a warning to this effect in our text book?-Yours sinc e r ely

D.T.J.

AI D. - October, 1928.

the members possessed paper and pencil, nor is it mentioned in equipment; yet in a number of instances the Text Dook says that a written message shou ld be sent to the doctor in preference to a verbal one. I think this is a very important matter and deserving of points. I also think that the First Aiders require writing material as much as a police officer and should be includ ed in o Llth t.- Yours faithfu ll y,

H.A.S.

RANK S.J.A.B.

DEAR SIR,-

Is it not time that the rules applicable to promotioll to commissioned r anks in t h e S.J.A.B shou ld be modified in o r der that membe r s may be ab l e to become ambulance ofticcrs, pr oy iclino' they possessed the nec essa ry qualifications, but who are unable to pay what I consider too great an expense for a man of the working class The cost of uniform and eq uipment, al 0 the annual subscription, are far too heavy for the (,rdinary working man to bear, althoug-h he has the work of the Ord e r at heart. In my own case, having over 26 years' ambu l ance service, 19 of which is brigade service, and desirous of becomin g an ambu lance officer in the Brigade) I find it absolutely impossible under- the existing conditions, although in r egular emp loym ent. I should very much like your r eade rs' views on the matter.-Faithfully yours}

THE LATE LORD DURIIAM.

DE_\R SIR,-

It may 110t be generally known the great interest the lat e Lord Durham showed in the work of the V.A D.'s before the Great War and the imm ense help he gave after war broke out.

As J was County Director of V.A.D in the county of Durham before a nd during the war, I had many opportunities of appreciating the lat e Earl's unfailin g help.

A ,Year or h\'o before the war a review and insp ection took place at Lambton Park (the seat of Lord Durham), when Lieut.-General Sir H erbe rt Plum er (now Field l\lar$hal Lord Plumer) carried out the inspection.

LorJ Durham threw himself h eart and soul in to the arrangements, and by his help the review was one of the g reat est successes ever held by the V.A .D

The who le countryside was turned into a battle areCt, aid posts were set up, rest statiohs} temporary hospitals and hase hospitals were created; also ambulance trains were run on the nearest colliery railways.

Lord Durham's help was, however, more valuable after the outbreak of war.

Our V .A. D.'s had prepa r ed themselves by constant training to be ready and of u se for" The Day," and much was their disappointment and great their impatience when t h e « powers that be" t urn ed a dea,f ear to all offers of help.

The sick and wounded were pouring into the country from the front, and I was inundated with offers of incliv idual help, from whoIc detachments and from kind people who wanted Lo give up t heir houses for hospital purposeS.

Still the V.A.D.'s were not accepted Then I wrote to Lord Durham, and asked him if he could help us.

October, 1928 for Young WIVES

Young HUSBANDS PARENTS

WOMEN OVER 40 and EVERYBODY

-FIRST

The HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIAN

DE.\R SIR,-

ST. TEXT BOOK.

1 see hy t11e l etter of Dr. N. C. Fletcher in your issue that the St. J ohn Text Book is under reyisiol1. l\Tay I he permitted to draw your attention to one omission of importance, yi2 , never h ave I been asked ilt ("xamination tests, re-examinations or inspeclions, if

H e asked me to see him at Lambton Cast l e where I found him in bed ill, but he at once p enned a le tte r to the Sec r etary of State for War (Lord Kitchener) in very direct terms, and asked if these good people's offers we r e to be eill ite turned down. It was soon after this that t 1l e order to mobi li se the de tachm ents required was received and I have a lways attr ibuted the acceptance of the vices of t h e V.A.D.'s to Lord Durham's insistance.-Yours

truly,

C. B. PALMER, Lieut.-Col., late County Director V .A.D' I Count,)' of Durllam,

OF MEN, WOMEN & CHILDREN

(19 2 8 edition ), written by eminent Specialists, Physicians and Surgeons descr'b simple language with helpful Coloure d Plates and J es In THE DISEASES

. TH .EIR CAUSE, TREATlYlENT AND CURE

wllh complete mstructions o n preventative medicine, the science of hygiene, physic a l c:Iture, etc.

T he 500 II1u st ration s and full-page Plates and the Anatomical Models showin lhe Or ans of the Human BOdy exact ly as they overlay each other makes the reading matter more easily

A FEW OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED:

First Aid Sleep, Beds and Bedding, Huw to Treat Accldeuts Influenza, Colds, etc. The Eye, tbe Ear l'IeurastheDia by 'Vater Plepubris y 1 he Cbest Da omy armacy

"Herb" and Salt The Heart The Principles of Nllrslng

Corns anll Warts Tb S I nvalid Cookery

Dieting for Disease Th e tomach Diseases

Treatments lor Beaut y Th: Brain and Nervous Diseases

Physical Culture The J\luscles Diseases of Old Age

ExerCises for all Purposes Infant Welfare Diseases of Infancy

What to Do in Th E t The PrinCiples of Phrenology

Treatments for all Skin Diseases Hae and Bobbed HaiJ , How to j{ead Symptoms hy ood of Ha r and Head Adenol1s, etc., etc.

THE YOUNG WIFE and the experienced married woman will find all they want to kno d Th' I ' w rna e c ear. wor < gIves, In e anguage, t!:.at knowledge our young people need to-da Th" th mformatIOn many a good father desires to give hi s son' b ut he does not kn h t bY'. IS IS e ow ow 0 set a out It.

MOTHERS who WIsh to. develop naturally wil l find exact:y the teac hing they need.

WOMEN OVER 40 Will find their difficulties reg arding heal h frankly dis cm sed

Th ere a re hundre cl.s ofsubje:ts of va lue to all. The muscles, teeth, digestion, hair, food values Ju-Jit phrenology How to diagnose di seases from appearance of head face tongue th 0 t h t '. su, " ,r a ,c es , perSpIratIOn, etc

THREE TESTIMONIALS FROM HUNDREDS RECEIVED.

"I haye gained 100% in each of tbe 8 test examinations the knowledge of '" hi c h 1 attribute to yc ur volumes, I h "ve yet to my defeat in A MBULANCE EXAMINATIONS"

"Very pleased and ddighted wi lh same. Tbey are wr itten explained so plainly thac I am sur.! everyone who stud Ie s them m ust understand, and, again, the IlIus= tratious are 80 true that anyone who had no knowledge at all about the particular di.5ease the diagram ilIu.5trates, would surely recognise it when seen on anyone."

" 1 am delighted with 'The H ousehold Physicia n ,' and as I am an amb ulan ce man, I ca n app r eciate them to the ir fullest extent. They are worth twice their costs."

THE CHANCE of a LIFETIME Seize it To=day

T------- --_ .-------------.--------

_ _ _ "P.A." _ _ _

Quet'ies and J\nswet's to eot't'espondents.

Queries will be dealt wilh under the following rules :r. -Letlers containing Queries must b e m arked on the lop left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addresse d -FIRST AID 46 , Cannon-street, London, E C 4·

2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Co u po n " cu t from the current issue of the Jour nal, or in case o f Q ueries fr om abroad, from a recent issue.

3.- The T extbook, La refelence may be made in the£ecolumns is the 36th P9zo) Edition of S J A A. Manual of F i rst Aid.

Tllr\XK TO TIlE DOCTOR.

Again, in this our October issue, we tendcr t h e vcry sincere thanks of OLlr readcrs and ourse lves to Dr. Corbct Fletcher, who has now completed his th irteenth year of oluntar\, service as honorary medical corrcspondent to FIRST .-\-10. During thls lengthy period the doctor has imparted an cnormous amoLlnt of inyaluable information to First Aiders in a general sense by his articles, and in a special scnse by his authoritati,'e an ,,'crs to querics which ha\ e numbered well o\ cr a hundred in each succes ive year.

vVhcn we consider that this iJ1\'a l uab lc hel p is voluntarily, ungrudgingly, readily and promptly gi\ cn by one whose time is \ ery fully occupied, wc llluSt admit that it sets up a 111.0nUment, indicative of the humanitarian spirit of the Venerab le Ordcr of which he is a worth" member.

So oncc again wc our heartfelt thanks to the doctor for his ready hclp and noble

POISONED BY IODINE.

S. H. (Norwich). - While reading the report under" Practical Points" in August issue of FIRST AID, I was greatly surprised that your correspondent did not tell us if he treated the case as laid down in Textbook, as soon as hc realised the danger and before patient ,,'as totally unconscIous.

\\'e are informed that, the doctor being immediately m ailable, our correspondent, like a wise First-Aider, did nothing except stand by and carry out the eloctor's instructions. - ,CORBET FLETCIIER HOWLER.

1\1. R, (Cannon Strect).-In a recent examinat ion a candidatc was asked what he would do if he were called upon to treat it case of Prussic Acid Poi on i ng for which no form of alcohol was a, aibble. " Prom'-se /,.''' said he, to the grcat amusement of the surgeon-exalll ner.

Good! Text, please! !- .C F

DEATll FROM RUSTY NAIL.

N. B. (Portsmouth) -I rcad recently that a woman had died from Lockjaw caused by on a rusty na il while at \\'ork in her garden, 1 wondered bow th is cou ld be and so decided to write to ) ou. How shou ld wc recognise this diseasc ?

The germs of Tetanus, w h ich is colloquiall y terme d

A 1 0 - October. 1928

Loc kj aw, flou r is h in surface aye l-s of ea r t h a n d, "" h e n comb in ed in a wo u nd wit h cc r ta in pus -form in g ger m s, a re li ab le to set up a d isease w hi ch s se 'e r e a n d ofte n fata l in its re u lts Tetanus is a disorder of t h e ne rvo u s syste m w hi c h ma ni fests itse lf in grcatly i n crcased excitabi li ty of spi na l cor el an d is recogn ise d by pa i n fu l and lengt h e n ed spasm of vo luntary m u scles t hr o u ghout the body. It oftc n aFfects t h e muscles of t h e jaw, whence is d eri\ed the name-" Loc kj aw." .:.....- T C.F

TREXriVIENT OF WASP STING.

"\ C. (Croydon).-F ur h er to q u ery answere d n Septembe r issue of FlRST Am I wonder if yo u saw t h e report p u b lis h ed in the papers rpcent ly of a woman w h o, w hil e taking a drink was tung in t h e throat by a wasp. S h e ate at once ix. onion as fast as she cou d with t h e res u lt that in ha lf-a n-h our t h e symptoms of c h oking cleared up and h e danger w as pa t.

Yo u r report is i n terest i ng, more particu la l-Iy in view of h e recent discussio n on th is subjcct. T h c remcdy is certain ly a safe one and wou ld appear in th is case to have b e n most efficacious -N. C. F.

C.\1JSATIO OF THRUSH.

A. E. (Shoreditch).-Rccently I took my baby to hospita l and was told that she was suffer ing from Thrush. I s it permissib le for me to ask'vyhat is the precise cause of this troublesome com p lain t?

Thrush is a kind of i nflamatiol1 "vhich affects the mouths of young chi ldren especia ll y when i n debilitated condition, and givcs rise to a white patchy appearance on lips tongue or palate It is causcd by growth of a fungus on surface of lining of the 1110uth.-N C.F.

GERMAN MEASLES.

c. W. (Bow).-Plea e tell me what is the origin of the term "German l ea les?" Does h e name sign ify that the disease first appeared in Germany?

German Measles is an acute infectious d isease of mi ld type ,\"hich resembles both Measles and Scar atina. It is known by several names, among these being "Gcrman." This in point of fael docs not refer Lo an)' country of origin but is the old English germane" 01- first cousin" to Measles.-N C.F, ---_ ._.

T h e new motor ambula n ce which has been pu rchased for the Spa ldi n g Corps of t h e St. J ohn } mbulance Br igade at a cost of £356 was dedicated by h e Vicar of Spa lding (Canon B. G. Nicholas) on a recent Sunday morning. Before dedicating the ambulance, the Vicar said t h e St. J o h n Ambulance Brigade did some fine work and deserved the back ing of all in the town who possessed anything of the sp r it of Sl. J ohn of J erusalem.

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FIRST AID

for the The Independent Ambulance and Journal Nursing Services.

EDITORIAL.

SUCH is the alarming growth in OllR DANGEROlTS road accidents in Great Britain ROADS AGATN _ that by the end of the presen t year it is estimated that one million persons will have been injured and some forty thousand killed during the decade.

These figures arc so vast that it is not a little diffic ult to appreciate what they really mean. Last ye ar 5,3:29 persons were killed and 148,575 injure d in this country in road accidents, a total which exceeds the population of Brighton. It is u nderstood that the figures for 19.28 will shew an inc rease over those for 1927.

Commenting on these statistics the Dazly lJJa/1 po ints out that the danger to the foot passenger in the se days is very real.

" To cross a road at a busy junction in safety requires a formidable combination of qualities- good eyesight and hearing, alertness of mind and speed of foot, accuracy in the estimation of distances and velocities and the power of co-relating all these faculties under the nervous strain of attempting to dodge cars, omn ibuses, motor-vans, trams, horse-drawn carts, and cyclists converging at different speeds from different directions."

,AI e do not think the case of the poor pedestrian has been more truly set out before . II is is indeed a so rry case in these days when petrol is the spirit o f the age, and speed has becom e a fetish.

According to the National Safety First A ssociation in 48 per cent. of motor accidents, pedestrians and persons other than motor drivers are to blame, so apparently, added to his risks of living, the poor old pedestrian is credited with ca using the loss of life by those who travel by car. It would be interesting to know how our friends the N.S.F.A. arrive at their fio-llres and if b

for instance, the foot passenger deprived of eyen a path at the side of the road, (wh ich has been taken him. in order to extend the motor-\\ ay), is credIted wlth causing an accident when he is using the only space left on which to walk.

Our roads must be made safer; but \ve think that most first-aiderswho have had actual experience of road accidents would suggest making the roadway safer for the pedestrian rather than blaminohim for accidents to motor cars. b

'Vhen anyone not under 17 years of ao-e ,, -ith fiye shillings to invest can obtain a motor driYinolicence be he blind, epileptic, crippled, or incapacitated, to control a car, it seems prett" obvious that some alteration of the Ja\\· is necessary if the high toll of fatalities on the1'->road"s IS to be reduced.

If some test of skill, nerve, and general fitness was imposed on would-be motor drivers- and some who already hold licences, subjected to such tests before renewals were granted-our first aid road patrols would be less in demand, and we commend such qualification tests for drivers-with other suggestions embodied in our September editoriaIto those who would make the highways safer for users, whether by car, coach, or afoot.

Our Thanks.

'VE are deeply grateful to all those readers and friends of FIR T AID who have sent such kind messages of sympathy and condolence upon the loss of our late editor, l\Ir. A. B. Dale.

"Father Dale," as one of our oldest friends has most lovingly called him, is deeply touched by the many letters he has receiyed, and has req uested LIS to ask all the senders to accept this acknowledgment of their kind and sympatnetic messages in the time of his grief, as it has been founel impossible to answer them persona)]y, especially as our bereavement came at the busiest time of our year.

TIIANK YO V ALL so ;'I[VCIT •

-FIRST

" Firs t Ai d " M ark i n g Sheet Librar y.

SINCE our reference to the Marking Sheet Library in last month's issue of FIRST AID feel like a school-boy, ready to throw our cap In the air with glee. So great has been the demand, accompanied by postal orders, that we have had to repri n t the first set.

Our glee is not because of the number of postal orders that arrive daily, because an educational feature has aroused such 1l1terest.

May we ask all those readers who wish to register their names for the plete of marking sheets to communicate \\' lth uS wIthout delay, so that we may be better able to meet their needs quickly by having an ample number of sets prepared at once ready for disposal at the proper time.

Helpers in Hygiene. *

By ANDREW BALFOUR, C.B., C.M.G., M.p. Director, London S chool of EI)'g-iene and Troj)lcal Nfedtc7ne,

(Continued j?'01lZ pag-e 88),

TIlE death-rate of the whole cou ntry has fallen to a figure which fifty years ago would have been regarded by many as beyond the dreams of the most optimistic. The infantile, mortality has bee.n halved in the course of a generation, the tuberculosIs death-rate has steadily declined; some diseases have become extinct, others nearly so. The expectation of life, that is, the num of a person may expect to live from the tIme of has greatly increased, i.e., from about forty-five 111 1900 to fifty-five to-day. In the U.S.A. it is fiftyeiCJ'ht in New Zealand sixty-two. In British India, b a land where hygiene has as yet made little progress, it is only twenty-three. "\N"hat we now have to fight is not so much death as damage. Life has not only become safer but infinitely more comfortable, though there is still greal need for improvement.

The facts are convincing, but these kinds of fact do not always appeal to the multitude, and, in any case, there are many people who, quite rightly, always consider the cost, their motto being, " Is the game worth the candle?" and their candle meaning hard cash. Not only so, but perhaps because there was some truth in Napoleon's sneer about a nation of shopkeepers, not a few folk in Great Britain and, I take it, the Isle of Man, want return for their outlay, if not actually in what used

to be called" jingling GeOl-dies," at least in tenns of CJ'uineas or of pounds, shillings and pence

b Both classes may rest satisfied, for it, is worth while spending money on health, which IS 111 a hiCJ'h deCJ'ree a purchaseable product, and, morehygiene pays. It is a. good and sound investment both for the 1I1dlvldual and for t,he nation. If, afte: your Health any remain, they wtll naturally SubmIt your proofs, and in plain language can be. understood, not camouflaged by sCientific verb Iage or rendered unintelligible by the use of what the Scotch call 'lanCJ'-nebbit words.'" Well, here they are-a few them-there is not time for many, though they could easily be multiplied

First let us consider the monetary value of human lit'e. What is that enigma, a human being, worth in coin of the realm? Well, his or her value varies according to age. The latest calculatio.ns come from America and are, of course, not appllcable to this country, especially are ba.sed on earning capacity . However, It IS Il1terestlng to consider them. Dublin and Latka have recently shown that in 1924 the potential val ue of a male child at birth was no less than £1,866, and, what is more, they have demonstrated that since 1901 its value has increased by £356, or nearly twenty per cent., owing to improved conditions.

Woods and Metzger have shown that in 1927 the average per capita value of the population of the United States was £3,113. There have been more or less vague guesses on the subject this, side of the Atlantic, and one feels that Dr. Nanklvell, the Medical Officer of Health of Plymouth, was distinctly cautious when he said.: '.' It is not an exaggeration to suppose that a life on an average at least £100 to community. ,Working on this modest baSIS and compaflng the Plymouth of to-day with that of seventy years he concludes that the improved health of the city represents a large annual financial saving which for 1926 he estimates at £100,000. " Nothing," he says, " costs the individual ratepayer more than sickness and mortality."

There you have a calculation concerned with all kinds of preventable disease. Let US look at another limited to a single malady, but a malady which takes heavy toll and which is one of the "four scouro'es" to which Dr. Fremantle devotes a chapter in his interesting book, "The Health of the Nation "

The malady is syphilis, that" hidden hand in pathology," as it has be.en called, and Colonel Harrison, writing about It 111 England and Wales, points out that" in 1920 there were reported to the clinics about 42 000 cases. Of these probably 6 000 would died of some sequel of syphilis it not been for the treatment afforded by the free clinics." He assumes that the value of a man's

N ovember, 1938 - Ii' I RS t A i 0.-

life i.s L;60, which he admits is a very low figure consldenng that the deaths wou ld have occurred in persons at the most productive period of life . As a matter of fact, £500 wou l d have been nearer the mark, and, as we have seen, in the United States an i nfin itely larger figure would be quoted. HOI-\,ever, if we put it at £60, the loss would have been £3?0,000 .by 1927. This represents only the sav1l1g of life The average patient prior to death is ill for about three years Hence the systcm of free treatmen t, a great ally of hygiene, by which many thousands of people are prevented from becoming burdens on the community at a time of life when they should be national assets must be of immense val ue to the nation.

Take another disease - small-pox - which in a mild form we now permit to run riot in certain parts of E,nglancl. Dr. D. Rocyn-J ones, the County M edical Officer of Monmouthsh i re, estimated that t he recent small-pox outbreak there had cost the ra tepayers £10,000 in capital expenditure and equipmcnt, while the maintenance of 200 beds for si x months means another £13,000 . That is a p retty state of thi ngs brought about by the neglect of a measure, the value of which in preventing s mall-pox has been abundantly proved and proved u p to the hilt.

(To be concluded.)

---' -' -

Insensibility.

By JAMES HOSSACK, F R C S.

(lontinued from pa ere IOI),

Are the whites of the eyes bloodshot?

These eye conditions seem to be veritable bugbe ars to all candidates. Here are the book stateme nts, and the pages on which they occur. Look up the context and get them into your heads.

Pin point pupils mean a hypnotic poison (m orphia group) page 130. The pupil of one eye is larger than the other (apoplexy, compression) page 145 The pupils respond to light in stupor, b ut not in coma. The patient will object to the ey eball being touched i n stupor but not in coma, pa ges 127, 128

Don't for heavens sake enter into a discussion as to variance in size of the pupil. There you are on exceeding ly dangerous ground, for in head cases the size may vary after a time, and is beyond a First Aiders scope.

One more I might add , but I cannot find it in yo ur book Both pupi ls d il ated and equa l, bellado nna poison, o r profound alcoholic poisoning may be suspected only Be very carefu l about using th e word drunk It is a very very dangerous word to use, even for a doctor, let alone a First Aider. T !1ink it if you like, but don't say it; treat too, if y ou l ike, but stop at that.

Open his mouth, fee l if he has fa lse teeth and

if they are in the right place, and not half down his throat, suffocating him

Is there any other thing in his gullet?

Look at the under surface of his tongue. You may old scars, there, ,the result of bites, or you find he has bItten hIS tongue and it is bleedIng. so remember epilepsy and its late stage.

Wipe away any blood from about the nose ears, or mouth, and make certain where it is coming' from

Is it mer.ely a graze produced by falling, or is It really comlllg from say inside the ear, nose or mouth?

You will note what a difference this will make to your and treatment, so don't jump to the conclUSIon that because there was blood about the ear, that he had a fractured skull.

The sam,e to the nose . He may simply have grazed It 1Il failing, or made it bleed, because of that fall. The presence of the graze will help you .

Bleeding from the mouth too Beware of f?r as I, already said he may be an epLleptlc and bItten It. He may have been fiCJ'htinCJ' and had a tooth knocked out, or he may be ing up blood or vomiting it up. b

Be wary therefore, and use all your senses to find out which is which

Feel his pulse Is it fast or slow? Is it regular? Is it full and bounding? Is it feeble and almost imperceptible? Remember don't feel it with your thum b. You have a pulse of your own there, and might make an error feeling it. Feel it with your index finger and be safe.

Examine ,every bone in the body for injury, as well as every Joint, for dislocation or sprain.

Feel if one side is more limp and helpless than the other. If he is conscious, see if he can feel and move each limb equally well. If he can't then thin k of fractured spi ne.

By now you have added enormously as to your knowledQ"e, as to what ile has in the of s'iCJ'ns <...J J h and symptoms, as well as what he has not.

Don't neglect the "nots." They are "ery important too, for by exclusion of these" nots" you will get great help.

Don't forget the possibil ities of hernias, abdominal injuries, bladder and internal ruptures. These you will have to diagnose as best you can from the general condition of the patient, and by a process of exclusion of all other external injuries. I n the majority of such cases they are I fear beyond the scope of a First Aider. But don't forget their possible presence, and overlook them Even now with a mass of information don't jump to a concl usion. You may be right, but carryon, and complete your examination.

HearilZg - Is he breathing regularly? Is it quiet or snori ng and snorting? Is it feeble and sha l lo \v? Is it present? If it is not audible don't

* An Address delivered under the auspices of the Isle of Man Red Cross Society at the conclusion of Health Week, March 4th, 1928.

Decide patient is suffering from su.nstroke 3 jump to the conclusion that he .is dead The heart Raise patient's head and shoulders slIghtly 22 continues to beat after breath in g has ceased, and Ask if ice available (blttcher's shop near. by ) artificial respiration might save him. Ask bystander to fetch ice; loosen cloth1l1g 3

I) id )'ou hear any ca ll for hE'lp or any. Fall pittient; apply ice to head} neck} sp 1l1e l .' 1 l'r \ t\1hile other Bearer exposes wound free y SLW')'cstiye of a scuffilc as you approachec 111:1 Ask if wound clean (yes); irres-ularity (yes) 3 bb Had you hearc.l a thunderstorm or seen Ilght- 1£ deformity (yes) and shorten1l1g (yes) 3 nino- and is he lying under a tree? If fraO'ments protrude f rom wound (no) 2 b'Die! )'ou hear any explosion or impact of a now combine to hasten treatment ... 2 Draw limb carefully to natural position ." 3 pos si ble colI ision ? . Immediately tie foot to foot with 3 Did you hear anyone funning away? Did you Apply iodine to fmgers, to wDund and sk111 3 hear a shot fired? Apply dressing, light pad of cotton wool ." 2 Smelling. Doe s hi s breath smell, and i f so, Cont rol dressing with narrow fold 2 can you identify it ? ,Apply two sp lin ts padded to fit dress1l1g 3

Do es the bOUle, if an)', sme ll the same? Cont r ol splints with 5 3 Loosen tourniquet; ask If bleed111g (no) 3

Place the poison in its proper group, nar- Examine patient for other injuries ('!'I'0) 4 co tic-corrosive, irri tant-if you can, and treat Ask if doctor is coming (he has an'wed) 2 accord ingly. Explain action: offer services to doctor 3

If his lip s are charred, then It IS a corroSive, ONE BEARER and e i ther an acid or an alkali. A rough way of You are called to a hou se, and are told that this man differentiating which is which is as follows :--;An was nailing up a partition, and that. h e slipped of[ t!1C ac id where it falls on cloth almost always turns the pair of steps 011 which he. was stand1l1g. You. find hIm C loth red and in addition, chars or burns holes in huddled on the ground WIth a wound above rIght , , brow, and you note that near him are some French naIls. it or makes it friable An alkali may make it Full cquipment is ayallable fr'iable, but as a rough rule, does not stain it Carefully l ay patient on his back 2

This is a rou gh test, and for want of a better will Speak to patient (ans7.()ers 'With difficulty) ...

Immcdiate digital pressure temporal artery

Ask result (controlled if pressure corTect)

Ask if foreign bodies present in wound (no)

Detailed Marking Sheet, No.8.

Two BE.\RERS.

On a hot summer afternoon you two .(fully eq uipp ed) are on your way to do public duty. W. alk1l1g along a busy street, you watch a motor-car (whIch be111g drIven unsteadily) pull up , and you see dnver, an elderly man, stagge r o ut of the ca r. Reelmg he IS knocked dov\'n by a taxi, a wheel of whIch passes over his right leg. fIe lies motionless.

Rapid advance on patient

Note numbers of car and taxicab

Keep crowd back; stop traffic

Place man on his back with head low

Ask if any bleeding (right trouser leg soaked in blood with wound exposed)

Ask colour of blood (bright red); Dow (SpttTtS)

Immediate dio-ital pressure to Femoral Artery

Ask result (bleeding ceased if p1:esmre

Other Bearer prepares and applIes tour11lquet

Ask result (bleeding ccased if conect)

Borrow umbrella from bystander 11l crowd

Ask him to protect patient from rays of sun

Send bystander to summon doctor ur gent ly .. .

Send bystander to telephone ambulance ..

Ask if 'patient breathing (yes; ste1'tol'ously)

Test for consciousness (no 1'esponse)

Test pupils and touc h eyeball s (no response)

Examine head for swell ing, for wound

For irregularity of bone, for blood from ears

Nose or mouth (no evidence of skull injury)

Ask if face flushed (Yes); eyes bloodshot (No)

Examine upper limbs for injury (none)

Test and compare limpness (equal both sides)

Test pulse at w rist (q1tick and bounding)

Test skin (hot and dry); note pupils (equal)

Ask if any assistance (man's 'Wife presenO

words to wife;

November, 1928

Brigade DzstP'lct Reports.

No. (Prince of Wales') District.

CITY OF LONDON.-The annual competition between the D etachments of the City Branch of the British Red Cross Soci ety for the Shield given by Lady Perks took place in the Egyptian Hall on Friday. Two well-known A rm y docto r s and the matrons of Queen Alexandra's Mi llb ank Hospital acted as examiners. The Lady Mayoress, President of the Branch, entertained the competitors (upwards of 200), the Executive Committee, and other g uests at tea. In the evening the Lord Mayor took the cha ir at the annual meeting, and the Lady Mayoress prese nted the Shie ld to the winning Detachment.

ELSTREE.-The annual meeting of the XIth Hert s (Elst ree) Detachmcnt of the V.A.D was held at Edgwa rcbury House, Elstree, on Saturday, by invitation of t he President, Sir Trevor Dawson, who presided

The Treasurer (Mr. P. W. Everett) reported that the total r ece ipts for the year amounted to £17 2s. Sd. and expenditure £14 12s. 2d., leaving a balance in hand of £2 lOs. 3d.

Reviewing the year's activities, the Commandant (Mr. vV. C. Steer) paid special tribute to the work of the Detachment's team in the British Red Cross Society 's compe tition, last year, when it was beaten by only two poi nts in the semi-final. He also said h e was very proud of the comp li ment paid the Detachment during last year's "si lver frost." The doctors were unable to get to the vi llage, and they advised the "casualties" to see the amb ulance men, who carried on until the doctors arrived. This showed, in no small degree, the confidence placed in the Detachment.

It was decided to enter the British Red Cross Society 's com petitions again and also to organise a number of social events for the coming season.

toast, thanked the proposer and the COl11}J<Lny Ull hdlali of Dr. Seccombe and himself, for the vcry kind way in which the toast had oeen drunk, and intimatcd that even from his own selfish point of view he would like every fam il y in Southall to haye someone trained in First Aid. He promised his support, and expressed his intention to do all he cou ld to help the Southall Ambulance and Nursing- Divisions.

SOuTH 1\1ET. G \S Co.-On Saturday afternoulI, Octobcr 13th, about 100 of the S M. Gas Cu. Amb. Corps paid a visit to the school of anatomy at the London Hospital Medical College And heard a lecture given by S./Sgt. Harris who, by the kind permission of the Professor of the College, has the school. also the :\1useum with a ll spec im ens placed at his disposal for these lectures. l\1r. Harris, a most" enthusiastic worker for First Aid, g ives up his Saturday afternoons after being at work in the College all the week to go back and give these lectures fo r the benefit of all interested in First Aid. The lecture lasted about two hours, and a most interesting time \\' e had. After which we were taken through the },1useum and had a la r ge number of specimens explained to us. After a few words of thanks to ::'\1r. Harris for the way he had ente rt ained us we left about 6 p.m., after spending one of the best three hours a First Aider could spend. vVe a re looking fo r ward to our next visit to hear another good and interesting lecture. Anyone in charge of a Division, or interested in First Aid, wanting to avail themselves of these lectures if they \\'fite to S./Sgt. Harris, School of Anatomy, London Hospital l\1edical College, Turner Street, Mile End, asking him for a date and telling how many your party would consist of, I am sure he WIll do his best to fix you up.

No. 2 District.

Relax; ask result (bleeding controlled)

Ask for doctor (lives 300 'Jlards a'Way)

Examine for other inj uri es (none pTesent)

Excludc marked signs of shock (no)

Sent wife to find if doctor at home (yes)

Assist patient wa lk to doctor's house

Kceping pressure 011 wound in mouth

Il\TER -IH ILW A\, COi\lI'ETITlOl\'. Th e R a il\\' CL) Ccntre

Secretaries 11a\'c held their annual myeting \\ ith t h e oniciab of th e St. John Ambu l ance Association somcwhat earlier tban usual to mak e arrangemeI1ts for th e 1929 competition. W e lea rn th at some in tercsti ng changes i 11 the co 111 petition arra ng eme nt are likely and th at in this co nnection there a di sposition to g-ivc effect t o s ugg est ion s nl.ade from time to time in the columns of FIRST Am ; also that ne x t year th ere is likely to be a chan ge in the ve nue of thi s contest.

When corresponding with advertisers kindl y mention "FIRST AlD ."

SOUTI-IALL.-The fourth Annual Dinner and Social Eve ning of the No. 55 Southall Ambulanc e and Nursing Divis ions was held on Tuesday, October 16th, at the Vi lliers Rooms, Red Lion Hotel, Southall. Mr. Councillor F . W. Moss, J.P., accompanied by Mrs . Moss, presided, and in a company of 67, was supported by AssistantCommiss ioner S. J. Warren, District Officer F. Claridge, Divisional Surgeons Dr. A. B. Brook and Dr. C. W. Seccombe, Supt. Forest (Horse ferry Chief Officer A. Smith, Southall-Norwood FIre Brigade , Mr. W. Watts, representing the Maypole Dairy Southall Works, Divisional Supt. J. E. Taylor, Mrs. Taylor, Lady S upt. Miss Lewis, and Ambulance Officer King.

The toast of the evening was proposed by the Assista nt-Commissioner , who stated that a deep debt of gratit ude was owing to t h eir Divisional Surgeons, who gave up a good deal of time to the instruction of the members. As fa r as the health of the Southall Divisions was conce rned, he thought there was nothing to be There was, to his mind, an outstanding stre ngth en1l1g of the a rea, at the opening, at which he was present, of the pub li c First Aid Dressing Station and Medica l Comforts Depot in Southall, and from what he had seen in the reports, it had al r eady justified its existence. In conclusion, he emphasised the importance of having plenty of ca ndidates in the two Divisions in Southall in order to se cure the continuance of the hi g h standard to which South a ll had attained. Dr. Bn!lok, responding to the

AYLE BURy.-,r I have not bcen able to catch une ul you out, and I can honestly say you are one of the be -t teams I han ever inspected," said Col. Prescott, D.S.O. (Inspecting representing the T\V<:r Office), the annua l inspectIOn of the Bucks :c.; o. J Aylesbury DIV. of the \ Toluntary Aid Detachment took place on October 2-+th at the Drill Hall, Aylesbury. The Aylesbury Detac hm ent is the only men's V.A.D. in Bucks. Each man was put through an individual test, and at the conclusion, the Examining Officer made the comments quoted above.

The new motor ambulance acquired by the Hig'h vVycombe Division of the Sl. JOhll Ambulance Brio'ade was delivered on Saturday, October 26th, and was b on view during the afternoon in the To\vn Hall 0Tounds where it was formally inspected by the }'1a) or (Council lor Aleck Stacey) and l\Irs. Stacey, and melllbers of the TO\\,1l CoullCII, and the general pubhc. 1 he new amb ul a nc e pro\ ides for two stretchers, and five or six in attendance, with the driver. Most of of the Di\ ision are skilled wood workers: It IS theIr intention to fit the ambulance with brackets, shel \'cs, and various other useful gadgets.

No. 3 District.

WARWICK.-A meeting of the \ran\ ickshirc Branch of the British Red Cross Society was held at the Court

-F iRS T

I-louse \\Tarwick, on Wednesday, October 23rd. Col. W. Pepys,' D.S.O., was in the chair.

The chief subject under dlSCUSSlOll was the competition for the Stanley Shield. Each area holds ehm111at111g competitions and sends a team for the County eliminating competition. The best team is then sent up to compete for the shield. It was decIded that Leamll1glon should be the centre for the Co unty eliminating competition.

The Chairman announced that Lady Leigh had kindly offered to allow the Society to hold a rally at Stoneleigh Abbey, and it was decided to take advantage of the offer. It was thought that the rally should be 111 the nature of a fete with displays by the various detachments.

O.U<IIAlI.-The Rutl and Branch of the British Red Cross Society have now had delivery of their new motor ambulance. It was on show in the Market Place, Oakham, on October 27th last, morning and afternoon, when a.ll those who were inter ested insp ected the same. The publIc will thus know that it is now re ady for immedia te use; at the same time a collection-box was attached for donations any friends are disposed to give. The old ambulance was in use six-and-a-half years, and did yeoman service. vVith the new car equipped with all the latest contriYances it is felt that the service will be still more efficient.

No. 4 District.

STocKPoRT.-A service organised by the Stockport Ambulance and Nursing Divisions of the S.J.A.B. in conjunction with the Stockport and District Brotherhood Federation was held at the Centenary Hall, on Sunday afternoon, October 21st. The service was preceded with a parade which assembled at Edgeley and marched to the Hall headed by the Yeomanry Prize Band. The principal Officers present, were Colonel Trimble (Chief Commissioner No.4 District), Ass. Commissioner Fowler Jones, and District Commissioner Col. W. Challoner, J.P. The Stockport Division were reinforced with detachments from Cheadle Heath, Ashton and Dukinfield, Reddish, Hazel Grove, and Bredbery and Romiley. The service in the Hall was presided over by the Mayor of Stockport, Mr. Joshua Preston, J.P., who was supported by the Rt. Hon. J. R. Clynes, M.P., .the Deputy Mayor, Counc. H. Patten, J.P., and Counc. J. Greenhalgh, J.P., Mrs. Patten and Mrs. Greenhalgh, Dr. and Mrs. Nightingale, Dr. Hibbert, Mr. G. W. Rowbotham (Chief Constable), Mrs. RO'vvbotham, Col. W. Cha11oner, J.P., and Mrs. Challoner, Mr. and Mrs. J. A. K. Ferns, Commissioner Trimble, CB., CM.G., V.D., Ass. Comm. Fowler Jones and Mrs. J ones, and various Brotherhood and Sisterhood officials. The l\Iayor introduced the speaker, The Rt. Hon. J. R. Clynes, M.P., and gave him a good welcome to Stockport. 1n his address, Mr. Clynes made reference to the relations of the public and the Police Force, and dealt with the Ambulance Service of the State, and various matters in connection with the League of Nations. Everyone present thoroug hly enj oyed every word that came from Mr. Clynes, and agreed that he had excelled himself. In proposing a vote of thanks to the speaker Col. Trimble endeared himself to the hearts of the Brigade members present, all of whom felt after Col. Trimble's remarks, that it was a pleasure to serve in the Ambulance Brigade, aml furthermore to have such a lovable officer as we have in our Commissioner. Col. Challoner, J.P., seconded the proposition. During the service two solos were sung by Mr. Whitmore Vvilson, "Rolling in foaming billows" (Haydn), and" \iVho treads the path of duty" (Mozart). The arrangements ror the service, which were in aid of the Stockport Divisions ew Headquarters. fund, were ably earned out by a member and old fnend of the Division, 1Ir. S. Gledhill, to whom thanks are due.

l\RROW.- The 12th annual of the J arrDW Division of Sl. John Ambulance states that dunng the past year many sick-room requlsltes were !o subscribers and bath chairs were also loaned. FIrst ald was rendered at the headquarters to many persons who happened to have ::lccidents in the town.

Two motor ambulances are avaIlable both for subscribers and non-subscribers. During the year 645 persons were removed to and from Newcastle. South Shields, Sunderland and other hospItals and homes, and the distance covered was 7,86..J. miles.

SOUTIIPORT.-The annual presentation of first aid awards to members of the Southport Division of the St. J01111 Ambulance Brigade and members of the local ambulance class of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway took place on October 2..J.th, at St. John Hall. Alderman J. E. Willett, CB.E., D.L., J.P., Knight of Grace of the urder of St. John of Jerusalem (Chauman of the Southport Division) presided and others were the Mayor of Southport (Counclilor J. G. Wllk111son), Miss Willett (Lady of Grace of the Order), Divisional Supt. W. Parkinson, M.B.E. (Serving Brother of the Order).

NO. 5 Ois tr ict.

BURTox.-The annual competltlOn for the Lord and Lady Burton handsome Challenge Bowl for ambulance workers within a radius of ten miles of the Borough took place at the Anglesey Hall on Saturday, October 21st. A novices' competltion also attracted three teams-Gresley Colliery No.2, Swadlincote and Burton Town Brigade Novices. The entries for the Challenge Bowl were: L.M.S. Loco; N.S. Railway Brigades A and B; Burton Town Brigades A and B; L.M.S. Goods (holders); and Gresley Colliery No. 1. The adjudicator was Dr. F. H. Maberley, Brigade Surgeon and University Ambulance Lecturer, of Birmingham, who has very frequently acted as adjudicator at the Burton competitions.

The test was as follows: "The patient has just been shot in the loins, while standing at the top of a steep hilly street. When he fell he was holding a small dish, which was smashed, and pieces of it are sticking in his hand, which is bleeding very slightly. There are very marked symptoms of internal hemorrhage. Fifty yards away down the street there is a hospital. Treat him."

The simplicity of the test piece nonplussed a good number of the most experienced ambulance men. Instead of getting the inj ured man, who was bleeding internally, as quickly as possible to the hospital, so that he could be attended to by the hospital doctor, they wasted precious time in attending to minor details, such as the wounded hand, with the result that in several cases the man was supposed to be dead before he reached the hospital.

The individual test set was to treat a man who had fractured one leg, but only one splint was allowed to be used.

In addition to this three of the members .of each team were questioned by Dr. Maberley as to the best methods of treating a man with a broken shoulder bone, etc.

Dr. Maberley, in reporting his decisions, said that he had given a test to make it practicable, the great thing being not to bother about little things, but to get the patient to the hospital for treatment as quickly as possible.

In the questioning part of his examining he tested the brain work of the ambulance men by asking them why they did a certain thing. If a man learned a thing off by heart, without knowing the real reason for doing it, he was much more likely to forget it than if he had known the reason for doing it. A man suffering from internal hemorrhage was in need of medical treatment immediately. He (Dr. Maberley) had given the same test

N ovember , 1928 -FIRST

to 15 ambulance teams in a Birmingham competition, and he to say that 1.lOt one o.f the teams had got the 1l1JUled man to the hospItal as qUlcldy as the winners that day. (Applause.)

PrCKERING.--At a meeting of the lo cal branch of the SL John Ambula.ncc presided over by Mr. Ernest Cowl111g, It was deCIded to hold another series of classes during the winter.

At the conclusion of the meeting, certificates, youchers, medals a nd labels were presented to the successful members of las t winter's session by Superintendent Calve rt.

The first round of the Yorkshire Col!Jenes (Lane-Fox) Ambulance L eague competitions, helcI on November 3rd last, came as another reminder of

A I D.lI9

for strengthening the safeguards of life in a calling susceptIble to sudden and unforeseen dangers is never allowed to wane.

The Duchess 0.£ Devonshire presided at a n: eet1l1g 111 <;::hesterfield CounCIl Chamber yesterday when It was deCIded to re-for1l1 the local women's Red Cross Vol untary: Detachment, and Lady Shentall accepted the posltlOn of Commandant.

Her Grace ref.erred to the splendid work done by the old V.A.D., saId that Chesterfield had every reason to be proud of ItS war record. The V.A.D. Hospital at Chesterfield was open fr,9m 1915, to March, 1919, an.u. <;iealt WIth 1,OJ9 patIents. Quite apart from the posslb:hty of war, she thought that all who had had any e?Cpenence of V.A.D. work would find it of enormous help 111 everyday lif e. Her own first aid certificate was

- For S0l118 time. the Ipswi ch ;\Ied ica l Comforts Sen ' ice, which has been carried on by the St. John Ambulance has found hampere? for room and has lon ge d for larger premises, H earinO" of this the 0l11l111ttec of the lp svnch Indu trial Co -, t', S' 1 lb.

I l ' '" (ope l a 1\ e oClet)' 1as come to t 1e rescue an d are g-enerou I) IJrondinO" the 1dl1C sOlne buIlding' tllustnted abo " f - tl i\l d' ' I C f S b C, 1e 1 e led 0111 ort erVlce, as a permanent memonal of the Diamond Jru bIlec ,of th: SOCIety. -r: he wtll cOl1\ e ni ent1y placed and the title deed will be in the hands of a body of S t ustecs of "h om the wIll be nOl1llnated by the Co-operati"e Society. The others beinO" appointed by the t. John Ambulance Bngade 1:>

:vilJ, of hm:e to be furnished, and there will al\\'ays be the need of support in order to IJrO\'ide the expensive mecllc::l! su pplJcs and leI.. room comforts \\'h ieh will be loaned to the sick poor of the town and district. the .fact that in good and bad coal times there is never lackmg a large number of miners and officials who O"ive of theIr l eis ure willingly for the acquisition of first aid an,d. its application on behalf of mates

111. the mme :nJ.ured 111 of their work. But for self.-sacnficll1g devotlOn, the toll of the mines would be heaVIer than it is, and it is due to the manacrements and men of the collieries to-day that the constant search

gained -to yea rs ago, and although the knowledge she then would be considered obsolete to-day, she could say that It had proved of the greatest use.

SOUTH LINcs.-An important meeting of the South Lincolnshire Branch of the British Red Cross Society, was held in the Council Chamber, Sleaford, on November 1st, the Countess of Ancaster, O.B.E.) J.P., presiding.

-FIRST

The County Director (lVIr. A. D. YOl1nghus?anc1, CS.J., J.P.) of Long Bennington)! m hIS report, mentlOned that very excellent service contInued to be rendered by the four motor ambulances within the County) at Boston, Spalding, Stamford and. no fewer than 177 patients having been dunng the past three months, the mileage covered be111g 2)569.

No. 6 District.

BRANDoN.-The members of the Brandon Colliery Ambulance Division held a social function in the Insb.tute Hall on Saturday evening) October 13th) the proce.ed111gs consisting of a whist drive) presentatlOns of and photographs) and a dance. There was a faIrly good gathering, having: reg3.:rd numerous attractions in the ll11medlate VICll11ty) and the WhIst dnve attracted approximately 70 players taking under stewardship of Mr. Leslie Payne, the pnze W111ners bemg l\lesdames W. Burnett and G. R. Dobson) and Messrs. A. Thompson and W. Harrison. After the whist drive, the presentation of certificates to students for proficiency in first aid and home nursmg took place.

NEWCASTLE.-The St. John Ambulance Brigade has eyery reason to be proud of its efforts in the No. 6 (Northern) District.

Major-General SIr PerCIval S. Wdkmson). K.C.M.G., CB., the Acting-Chief Commissioner of the Bngade) who inspected the Newcastle, Vickers-Armstrong, and North Durham Corps in St. George's Drill Hall, Newcastle, mentioned that during 1927 there were 47,000 accidents dealt with by the brigade in the district-a sp lendid record, he declared.

Their strength in 1901 , he said) was under 400, whereas at the present time it was over 4)000. During the war, they supplied 4)600 ambulance men. and sisters to nurse the wounded overseas) and were stdl able to staff 36 hospitals at home. "Keep your eyes open all the time for recruits," General Wilkinson counselled the parade, with which he expressed satisfaction.

Accompanying the inspecting officer was Maj or A. Hammersley Johnston) O.B.E. (Acting Commissioner for the District).

ClIESTER-LE-STREET.-Since the Cheste r -Ie-Street and district motor ambulance was destroyed by fire some weeks ago much correspondence has passed between the local voluntary committee and the St. John and British Red Cross Society regarding its replacement.

At a meeting of the Chester-Ie-Street sub-committee last night, Mr. 'vV. Cook presiding) it was decided to ask the Society to replace the vehicle on conditions that £20 a year was contributed to the replacement fund.

An alternative proposal was that the Committee should buy a new ambulance locally with the £122 collected by Mr. J. T. Sanders) the local organiser, and £ 150 received in insurance money by headquarters following the destruction of the old vehicle.

This would necessitate the raising of an additional £ 100 towards the cost and the vehicle would remain the property of the Society.

It would also be necessary for the Committee to contribute £10 annually to headquart ers This suggestion was · turned down.

No. 7 District

HEREFoRD.-In connection with the annual inspection of the V.A.D.'s in the Drill Hall, Hereford) on November 4th, the following was the general scheme of in struction.

During a combined instructional parade of V.A.D.'s a message is received that a ll ostile hom bing 'plane has

AI D.- November, 1928

e luded thc defences amI is rapidly approaching the tOWll.

Incendiary and J-I.E. bombs ar e upon an ?utlyin g shed of a filling f.actory on the far SIde of the nver causing several casual lIes.

Further bombs destroy the on ly road bndge crossing the river for some miles.

Gas incendiary and explosive bombs are also dropped upon a' railway goods yard doing considerable before the 'plane is finally brought down by pursUIng aIrcraft.

Details of scheme include the setting up of a small temporary 110spital complete (Hereford /4), the improvisation of means of crossing the river and) after rendering first a id to the victims at the factory) their transportation ove r the water to a dress111g statlOn establlshed 111 the headquarters of a Rowing Club (Hereford /l)-the D.S. will be staffed by IIereford / 18 in charge of 1\1.0. Hereford /1-conveyancc to and loading of motor am bulances (Service and improvised) (Hereford /1 and Hereford /3) first aid at railway siding and removal to hospital hy hand-seats and stretchers (Hereford /3), the fittino· up of an empty goods van for the transport of casets by rail-a modification of the J amesPollock method-(Hereford /1) and special duties as required by the Inspecting Officer.

No. 8 District.

ISLE OF SUEPPEy.-The gale that raged on Friday evening, November 2nd, was responsible for much damage and exciting incidents in many parts of England) but, perhaps one of the most remarkable happenings occurred to the Sheerness motor ambulance whilst returning from St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Rochester) in the early hours of the morning. It appears that an urgent case was removed to hospital during Friday evening) and later) about 1 a.m.) commenced the homeward journey in the gale. All went well until the ambulance crossed the railway bridge on the Bobbing Road) when a huge branch of tree was blown down about fifteen yards ahead. Pte. Ingham of the S.J.A.B., who was driving, pulled up quickly, and it was then found that the ambulance was entangled in the telegraph wires which had been brought down by the branch of the trec. Those inside the ambulance could not get out as the wires had curled all round it) and plicrs had to be used to release the occupants and the ambulance. After some considerable time this task was accomplished, but it was found impossible to proceed any further, as the road was completely blocked. A man was left on the spot whilst the ambulance had to return to Key Street etnd Sittingbourne, and pick up the Sheerness road that way. The -Police at Sittingbourne were informed of what had happened on the road. It was very fortunate that the branch of the tree did not crash on to the top of the ambulance, or the consequences would have been very serious indeed. After this lucky escape) the ambulance arrived home at 5 a.m.) it having taken four hours to come from Chatham to Sheerness.

WORTlIING.-The 'vVorthing Nursing Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade held their annual inspection at Orchard House on November 1st. The Superintendent of District 8) Mrs Falwasser) conducted thc inspection and those prescnt were Dr. VV. O. Pitt (Divisional Surgeon), Mrs. Morse (Lady Divisional Superintendent), and Ambulance Sisters Digby) Saunders) Roberts) Gardner, Swain, Goulburn and Shirtliff.

LITTLEIlAMPTON.-A splendid report and balance sheet were prcsented yesterday evening at the annual meeting of the Litllchampton and District Molor Ambulanc e Committee) h e ld al the Conncil Chamber) Mr. J\. Cairns presided.

-FIRST

The annua l Report) presented by Mr. A. G. King' staled that t.hc amhulance had 97 patients the. la st ye;:l.I) had co.vered a total dIstance of 3)299 miles, an 111.crease 0 f 50? mIles over la st year. The. total mileage covel ed up to Sel?te:nber was 6)087 mIles. Besides transport1l1g 1I1s1de the district) journeys h ad been to Chichester). Bosh':lm, Portsmouth, London, Sutton, Stal.nes, Sl1l1don, Arund.el, Salisbury, Sholl:ham, a!ld Worthll1g, and the longest Journeys were t? Bath (tWIce). The St. John Ambulance Nurses contl11ued to accompany the women patients on the car and had proyed very efficient. They had many lett.ers of g ratJtt:de and appreciation from those who had reqUlred the serVIces of the car. Their thanks were due to the employers of ambu lanc e men who) through then generous co-operatIOn) made the work possible.

No. 9 Djstrict.

DEVON AMBULANCE CIIAMPIONSIIIP.-Barnstaple proved the successful at Totnes, on October 22nd) when the annual cOmpel1tlOn of the St. John Ambulance teams of Devon for the MarcllS Hare Cup took place. Twelve

being thc Secretary, while County Officer Vick (PaIgnt<?n), and Corps Supl. Ricc ( ewton Abbot), acted as scrut1l1eers.

1\EWTON ABBOT.-" When you consider the growth of aCCIdents on th.e public highway, and when you consider the clangers of Industry) ther e is a tremendous demand fo men," remarked T.\'. Commissioner Hedley Mlller,. at Newton Abbot, on the occasion of the annual of th.e local Division of the St. John Ambulance. The pubbc un.clerstand how so many of you prepared to gIve your t1lne to this service" he added. Some people askcd what they got out of it and th answer was they got satisfaction ." ' e

All over the country this movement was growing rapIdly. In Devon 111 about seven or eight years they had Just. a.bout doubled theu· membership, and only this vYeek had bee.n formed at SOLlthmolton) and a ;{ urs111g Dn lslOn at PaIgnton.

Commissioner Miller congratulated the Division on ItS work) and hoped It would make up its present deficiency of not haYIng a Cadct Diyi ion He express ed pleasur e

te ams competed. TIle Stretcher Test was at a Gas E xplosion followed by a Fire.

The examination was conducted by Dr. Venn Dunn, Torquay, County Surgeon; Dr. F. R. Sandford) M.C, Diyisional SurgCOll, Saltash; and Co l. T. J. Potter, R.A.M.C, Totnes. The result was announced, as follovvs : -

(1) Barnslaple

(2) Newton Abhot

(3) Kino-sbrido c

Torquay 0

Central

Vvyse was again well enough to lead the Dl\ ISlOn on parade after his illness) and also at the presence of representatives of the Urban Council and t h e Great Western Railway at the inspection. He commented on dccided progress of the town, and also rem a rked that If only every employer of labour in the country took the same interest in ambulance work as the G.Vv. Railv,-aY the amount of accident haying a fatal termination would be greatly reduced.

Councillor A. Sampson said during the past year the Newton Ambulance Diyision had dealt with 76 sickness cases, 92 accidents, and 186 other cases.

A letter of regret for inahility to be present was read from 1\Ir. H. G. 1\Iichelmore (president) .

The Officers present were: Corps Surgeon J. J. Scrase, Corps Supt. J. Rice, Corps Secretary Grcen lade. Corps Officer E. E . Young, Divisional Sl1Pt. 'vVyse) and Amb. Officer Shapley. The Tests) especially Company and other drills, were excellent.

Acting COllnty COl1lm issioner T. Pengelly was in charge, and Corps Supe rintend ent, Wheatley (Totnes), mac1e' tllC InC<l1 arrangelllC'llts, Amh. Officer F. Rivers

STONEIIOusE.-On November 1st) T /Col1llllissioner Hedley Miller, of the Chic!".: COlllmissioner' personal Staff, inspectecl thc }d11bulance Diyision 11llder Diyisional Supt. E. G. and mho Officer (C.)

Photograph taken at the Annual vVar Office Inspection of the vVest Hampstead Detachments' \' \.D. (By courtesy of Red Cross).

L. Adams. Followin o an interview with every man on parade and a of uniforr:ns, the unde r.went various evolutions. The proceedmgs term111ated a Divisional call to an extensive " cliff accident," at whIch several persons were supposed to be injured.

The inspecting Officer commended the U111t s selfsacrifice in not only staffing a very busy moto.r ambulance station (open day and night), but in mannmg a beach First Aid post at the \Vhltsands, a popular resort on the Cornish coasl.

Commissioner Miller was thanked, on behalf of those on parade, by Corps Supt. V.i. Pethick and Supt. Hackworthy.

l\'IUTLEY I"SPECTIo.\".-On November 5th, at the Hope School Hall, Pe\ erell, the 1Ilutley Ambu!ance and Cadet Divisions of the St. John Ambulance Bngade underwent their annual inspection by Commissioner H. V,. MIller (of Chief Commissioner's Staff) The proceed111gs under the charge of Divisional Supt. A. Ponsford, assIsted by Amb. Officer E. FJemen and Cadet Supt. VV. Blake:

The boy Cadets were first tested,. and they .gamed high praise for their ability in first a.ld and carrying patients. The of artIfiClal respiration being particularly effectlve. the Inspecting Officer addressed them on the tradltlOns of the Knights of St. John.

Follo'vying the inspection of the ambulance men, later in the evening, a realistic" 'bus accident" was dealt with in vie\V of Mutley Division's activities in staffing the Dartmoor roads in case of accident. Numerous " casualties" were attended as per labels attached to them and removal was undertaken in three improvised " ambulances."

Commissioner Miller subsequently referred to the excellent public service rendered by the unit both in the Ambulance Station and on the highways during the summer months. Corps Supt. vV. F. Pethick and Supt. A. Ponsford also spoke.

Before dismissal, the men sang a special Ambulance Brigade Hymn, composed by Amb. Officer Flemen, and set to music by Supt. Ponsford. It is hoped that the hymn will be taken up by other Ambulance Services.

Among those present, were County-Sergt. Major P. G. Hockings, and Rev. Charles Dyer (pastor of Church).

PLyrvrOUTlI.-The second of the series of lectures entitled" Talks on Plymouth," arranged by the Hope Baptist Adult School, was delivered at Peverell, on November 7th , by Commissioner H. V. Miller of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, who dealt with the Lifeboat and Fire Services. Mr. A. B. Pendock presided, being supported by Rev. Charles Dyer and Councillor A. Vosper (Leader of the School).

Mr. Miller opened with the romantic story of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution, founded in 1824, mentioning that it began with seven boats, and now had about 221, including a large number of motor lifeboats. The organisation now needs nearly £250,000 a year for upkeep, and. from its foundation to the end of last year had savcd 61,168 lives. He told a thrilling story of the work of womcn launchers, and amused the audience with extracts from school-children's essays on various aspects of lifeboat work.

How THE NATIONAL LIFEBOAT FIRST AID SERVICE ORIGINATED.-After referring to the Institution's recent award. the Vellum to the City of Plymouth, CommlsslOner MIller gave an account of the various boats and important rescues of the Plymouth Lifeboat Service since the first boat arrived in 1825 Plymouth held an honourable position in that the great National Lifeboat

A I D - November, 19 28

First Aid scheme in operation around the British coast originated from the lecturer following the loca l ambu lance service's work in October, 1920, when 17 more or less collapsed survivors were brought asho r e from the F r ench vessel ,. Yvonne," wrecked on the Breakwater. Following an interesting description of the present large motor lifeboat, an appeal was made for more support fo r the R.N.L.I. funds

CITY'S SMART FIRE BRIGADE -Following a solo by Mrs A. Pendock, Mr. Miller, who has attended aboyt 500 fires includino· the recent London outbreak at Chlswick when £500,000 damage was done, dealt firefighting Beginning with an account of an eng;me. in 120 B.C., he went on to descnbe the orgamsatlOn 111 Rome and the crude methods of the Middle ages. He described how the Great Fire of London was fought, and then sketched the rise of the Fire Insurance Brigades) the evolution of the modern appliances and services. Speaking on present-day risks he stressed the dangers of celluloid combs and collars.

Dealing with Plymouth Fire-fighters, he spoke of. the various brigades and their work since the first one, ralsed in 1838, by the vVest of England Insurance Co

Mr. Miller eulogised the Plymouth Pollce FIre Brigade, and explained how effective .their methods must be in that, for its SIze, Plymouth enjoyed a remarkable immunity from big fires. He described their successful work recently in saving a large building literally packed \I>. ith combustible materials. Because the city was comparatively free from great blazes he feared the citizens did not fully appreciate the efficiency of its firemen. The police telephone call boxes were of an immense value in any emergencies.

TOT::-IEs.-The annual meeting of the Totnes and District Section of the St. John Ambulance Association was held on November 8th, at the Borough Guildhall under the Chairmanship of the Mayor, who, in moving the adoption of the Annual Report, highly praised the work of the Association and Brigade The Annual Rel:lort stated that the motor ambulance had travelled 956 miles on duty. Brigade members had attended 133 accidents and illnesses Among the officers re-elected was Sir Robert Harvey, D.L., Knight of Justice of the Order, County Vice-President of Section. High tribute was paid to the late Secretary, 1IIr. C. Tresidder, who has left for Cornwall, and to Corps Supt. A. Wheatley (Hon. Treasurer of the Association).

ASHBuRTON.-One of the oldest Divisions in the West-country is that of Ashburton, which was inspected on Novemller 9th by T /County Commissioner Hedley Miller (Chief Commissioner's Staff). There was a large parade of Cadets, not one being away, and they gave an excellent demonstration of drill and first aid work in the spacious Drill Hall. After congratulating the boys on their work the Commissioner gave an interesting description of the new Cadet Scheme.

The inspection of the Ambulance Division followed, Actg. Supt. Nicholls being in commancl. Among those on parade were several County Police Officers in uniform. Others present, included Dr. E. Ellis (Divisional Surgeon) and the Chairman and Secretary of the Ashburton S ].A A. Committee which supports the unit. The tests set included a Divisiona l " turn-out" with full equipment to a supposed extensive accident involving several casualties. Commissioner Miller expressed himself well satisfied with the work, and referred in feeling terms to the death of the late Supt. W. Butchers and Mr. A. Conroy (Hon. Treasurer of t h e Association). Proceedings closed with refreshments and social intercourse i n the Ashburton Sch ool.

N ovembff

] (,. :18 - F I RST

No. 10 District. the Town IIall, Aylsham, Captain Scott, of the Norwich Ambulance Brigade, and MI. CIar1-..e, Vice-President of the Norwich Divisio addres.sed about thirty mCI1, most of whom were trained first a.ld. men and members of the St. John Ambulance WIth the object of forming an Ambulance DIVISion 111 the A,ylsham district. Mr. F. IIodds head master, Alysham was in the Chair, suppo;ted by l?r. A. G. Holman, -\. W. Crossby, Secretary, and Mr. Canham. 1t was declded to form a Division) and Dr. A. G. IT olman has to serve as its surgeon. Mr. E. ]. Barber was apPo111tecl Secretary.

Tfie presentatlOn of certificates was preceded by that of a pIpe and tol?acco pouch to Dr. Holman from students of the. last sessIOn. Arrangements are being made for first aId courses for the next ses ion, ancl the Secretary would be pleased to hear from those desirous of attending the course at an early date.

BURY ST. commemoration of his and Lady Evelyn GU111ness' silver wedding, Col. Guinness recently, the Suffolk Dranch of the British Red Cross SOclety With a handsome new motor ambulance,

A ID -

r emarks, recalled that the old Red Cross amb 1 absolutc1 ' I u ance was c y worn out, an( It ,vas necessary that it sho II The question then arose as to how to t le leqUlrecl money, hut when their need came to the knowledge of Col. he generously promised to a new ambulance 111 commemoration of h' '1 . weddlllg. (Applause.). Col. Guinness left the of. the Without restriction, to the County Director,. and, all the later's knowledge of first aid and hosP.Ital reql1lremcnts, they could be quite sure the had a handsome ambulance. (Applause.) y Col. GUll1ness. expressed the pleasure of Lady Evelyn and himself at hClI1g able to present the ambulance d salcl 1I1r. \Nilson had made the excellent :vhcn It was purchased, that it should at once mto use. They hopeel that the ambulance would ease the sufferl11g, so far as possible, of the sick travelling over the country roads, and they hop ed that it would be of use 111 the excellent \\"hich the County Branch of the Red Cross was d0111g-. (Applause. )

!vIoving .a vote of thanks to Col. Guinness for his 111ul11fieent gift, 1\1r. Maitland \ViI o.n said that they exto anel Lady EHlyn GU111ness their heartiest congratulatlolls on ha"ll1g celebrated their sih' cr weclclillO' b

details of which have already been published. It was formally handed over at Bury St. Edmund's on Friday, October 26th, and the speechmaking took place in the Athenc.:cul11, where Lady Lellcha Warner (President of the Suffolk Branch B.R.C.S.) presided on the platform, supported by Col. and Lady Evelyn Guinness, the Duchess of Grafton, the lVIarchioness of Bristol, Lady Playfair, Lady Magnay, SI1" FranCIS Treherne, the Mayor of Bury E. P. Greene), the COLlnty Director (Mr. ]. Maitland Wilson), M1SS Rhodes, Miss Martin, Col. A. D. Waring, and others.

At the outset little Miss Sheila Watson daughter of the ambulance driver (Mr. Watson), presented Lady Eve lyn with a beautifu l bouquet of carnations from the Suffo k Branch. Lady Leucha vVarner, in h er opening

and they hoped they would haye a great many more years of happy and useful life. "Some of us," proceeded Mr. \ iVilson, "hope to be present when Col. Guinness makes a gift in commemoration of his golden wedding."

No. 12 ( Irish ) Distr i ct.

IRISH FREE STATE.-On the eye of the annual inspection of the Irish Free State District of the St. JOhl1 Ambulance Brig·adc, Major Darvil-Smith, the Headquarters Secretary, dcIiverecl an interesting address. The portion dealing \\"ith ambulance competition \\'ork is particularly valuable as the Major is mainly answerable for the arrangements for the great" Dewar" and" Perrott )J

The "Coroner John Graham" .shield \yas won this year by the Brandon Colliery Ambulancl' Brigade. Back row (Iefl to right) -- J. L i tel', R. Humphrey (Reserve), F. J. Grie\'eson, J. Daglish (Captain), L. Gayne, ] Peacock, E. vVarriner (Instructor).

Front row :- T. B leni<insop (Amb. Officer), W H Armstrong (Pre ident), G. R. Dob on (Di,·. Supt.), vV. Anderson (Hon. Sec.).

1z.t

Final Competitions, the premier c?ntests of the -:vo rl d. Ilis advice was divided into five sectlOns, as follows -

TILE

The captain should have enterpri.se and i.nitjative. It did not follow that because a team did not W111 It was not efficient in first aid but there were l<l:n h necessary for the carrying out of the" test w llC mIg be overlooked and marks lost thereby.

TUE TEAM TEST. d d' tl

" Headquarters were ende<l:vounng to stan ar Ise le team test. In drawing it up It was essentIal that all aspects of the case should be I?roYldecl for, and, there was some standard by the test., were drawn up for all the Districts, it was g01l1g to be vet:y difficult to meet that standard when the teams went 111 to the finals."

JUDGES.

"It required a certain amount of expenence a doctor to be a o'ood judge, especially With the high standanl to \\'hichb the competitions had now been brought. Fortunately the Brig<l:de is l':ow secuy111g a doctors who were tak111g an 111 c.ompetltlOn wOlk and givin o o-reater attention to thiS speCial phase of. first aid work, for the finals those with the most expenence of competition \\'ork were. selected.. Headquarters were now dealing with the questlOn of bnng111g out a text book on competitions for the guidance of the teams and the judges."

TESTS \:\'D 1I.\RKI:\'G SHEETS.

"The fourth point was the setting .of the test. It was exceedingly important that the envnonment should be as realistic as possible and that was why they introduced scenery and the film; hut he thought the tune had come when eyen the film would have to be succeeded by somethin o more realistic Some of the larger DIStricts had clone it very well. They had the scenery applicable to the test, and a man trained to act the aCC1deilt for each team.

it Fifthly, the all-importanL marking A markill o sheet should be drawn up comprehenSively-that was to b provide for cycrything possible 111 a test .. and to pro;' ide also f?r alternatlves There certain cases where alternatives should recel\ e crecltt.

DCBLI:\'.-A Bridge tournament, held at -1-0, 11errion Square, on behalf of the Invalid Requisit.e, Stores vVcIfare Depts., S1.. John Ambulance Bng-ad.e, realised over £70. Sir J01111 Lumsden presented the pnzes .-- .------

1l is said to be due to representations by the King that ScoUish organisations of thc Red Cross Society are considering- schemes for first-aid posts and ambulance services at busy road trafflc points in Scotland.

VVELSII IN'lEH - HAILWAY is interpst in g to observe that in the fifth contest for the" H arry Webb" Cup--thc V.,re lsh Int.er-railway trophy--thc conditions imposed were for a four-man team, the « patient" in t h e team tcst not being' a member of t.he team Th is is an arrangement which has been consistentlyadyocated in FIRST All) since 1911. It has already been adopted by t h e Great vVestern Railway and London :Ylidland and Scott is h R a ihnty i 1 their O,, n scries of annua l competitions. The Priory for \\'alcs cvidently intcnds to keep pace with modern ideas in matters of th is kind.

The Eigh t Points.

T [[ E fo ll ow in g hy mn , base d on B r igade Se r v ice a nd t h e Associat io n Text Book was co m by A mb. O ffice r E . F l emen, an d set to musIc bl Di v . S u p t. A . Ponsfor d. I t s u ng by t?elr 1I n it at th e M utl ey A m b ul ance D iVISIon I nspectlOn, Nove mb e r 5t h , 1928

For h ea lth ,ve now possess,

O u r thanks to Him w e sho \\' ;

To Him who gave H is best Whi lst on the earth be lov\'

Step i n the prints He

So emulate the work Dn'll1e.

Entrusted w ith this care, o let u s then renew

O u r wi ll to do and dare

All that is good and true.

By learning well, count gain, not

T he eight points of the Ambulancl! Cross.

Then, we hear the call For as istance in distress, l ay \\"e, then, '( One and all," - Be fitted for the quest.

vVith sympathy, rcsource and Lact, O u r uniform JIlust stand for thal.

Let's put all self behind,

The patient needs our aid vVith observation ilncl

The cause a « call" was maue.

'W ith skilled attention then applieu, Shock is relieyed and rest su ppliecl.

Our work is but « First Aid."

The book our all-in -all.

I n Chapter One is laid The gro u ndwork for the' ( call."

Within its pages we resort,

To diagnose, app ly, transporl.

And nov" when shadows fall, And night is ca ll ing, rest;

We thankfully recall

That we h ave given our best.

P roved bv results, our gain, not loss--

T h e eight points of the Ambu lance Cros:::..

Binding Copies of "F. A."

OWING to the number of applications we hav e r ec e iv e d for the binding of copies of FIR ST AID, we have made arrangemen ts whereby we can supply bindings at the following prices ;-

Complete Volume 9/ · post fr ee

BlOding Volumes 6/. return e d post free (Copies supplied by readEr, which should compris e the Nos. July to June inclusive.)

Cases for Binding 2/9 post fre e

Toe cases for binding ar e of leather cloth, with th e title of the publication in gold letters on the front and side and th e eight ·pointed cross on front. O rders should be sent to DJ.le, Reynolds & Co., Ltd., 46, C annon-street , LondoIl, E.C.4.

Ratlway Amou!ance News.

Great Western.

We understand that the position of Divisional Secretary of the London (B) No.2 Ambulance Division of the Great Western Rail way, rendered vacant by the recent death of Mr. J. II. Batt, has been filled by the appointment o f E. B Keefe, of the Locomotive Department, Oxlord. Mr. Keefe has been actively associated with the movement for many years and has represented the Locomotive Deparlment 011 the Divisional Committee since the institution of the Divisional organisation in 1913.

Among recent nominations for admission to the Grand Priory in the British Realm of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St . John of Jerusa lem in the g rade of Serving Brother are the undermentioned members of the staff of the Great Western Railway, who have been recommended for recognition for exceptionally merilorious services to the Ambulance movement rendered o\ er a long period of years :--

Stephen Barrett, Traffic Department, Paddingtou. Henry Byeit, Locomotive Department, Swindon . Hubert Day, Traffic Department, Pilning. Clifford J ucld, Locomotive Department, Slough Thomas Prowse, Locomotive Department, Bridgwater.

The recommendations were in each case passed for\vard by the G.vY.R. Central Ambulance Committee.

PILNI:\,G -At the distribution of Ambulance awards to members of the Pilning Class, which was held at the Mission Hall on the evening of October 22nd} Mr. H. R. Griffiths (Divisional Superintendent) emphasised the usef ulness of first aid knowledge in cases of accident and ot her elllergencies. It was, he said, the duty of everyone t o do his utmost to prevent accidents} but all should be p repared with first aid knowledge to give skilled assistance w hen occasion arose

1\1r. Legg, the Class Secretary, was made the recipient o f a framed mirror} at the hands of 1Iaster Kenneth Lock, 1S a tribute by the family to the effective first aid rendered to the lad in a recent accident.

PONTYPOOL Ro ,\D.-The Pontypool Road teams A and B were heartily congratulated on securing both first and s econd prizes respectively, as well as the trophy, in the Welsh Inter-railway Competition (reported elsewhere) a nd held at the Law Courts, Cardiff} on the 1st instant. It is probably quite unique for one station to provide both w inning teams in an event of such importance, and the f uture performances of these teams will be followed with co nsiderable interest.

TRowBRIDGE.-Members of the Trowbridge first aid class and their friends had supper and a social eveninga t the George Hote l, on the 17th October, when Mr. R. G. Pole (Assistant Divisional Supt.) presided, and among the were Mr. H. R. Griffiths (Divisiona Supt.), Mr. F. VV Tyler (District Goods Manager), Mr. R. J. Armstrong (Divisional Locomotive Superintendent), Ir. G. Lan down, J.P., and a large number of local officials.

Mr. G. Lansdown said that the growing interest in allllJUlance work amollg railwaymcn was 1110 t commendable. The work had the whole-hearted support of the Directors anel officers of the Company. Mr. Tyler, who

Great Western Rail way had the family. splnt al11mat1l1g all members of the staff and that with. that spirit the railways would tide ove; the dIfficult tImes which they were now facing and emerge successfully.

Examination awards were to a large number of reclpl 'nls by Mr II R. Gnffiths} who congratulated all concerned on their standard of efficiency. was pleased to see that 111 ambulance proficiency I rowbndge took fourth place in the Bristol Division although there were many larger stations. As a man he "',:as proud of that. He paid tribute to the ,,,, ork of the class and impressed upon all the necessity for contu;ued Ylgtlance at all times. Gold efficiency medals (b years) were presented to J. Cook (Trowbridge) and A E. Bruford (Bradford).

An excellent programme of vocal and instrumental music was provided and much appreciated

CHISELDO:f.--1Ir. C. T. Cuss} Assist. \'lorks Svvindon, distributed av.:ards to successful examineesb of the Chiseldon Class at a concert held at the Elm Tree Hotel, on the evening of October 20th, when Mr. G. Culling presid.ed. An excellent programme was provided and .much enjoyed the appreciative audience present. the proceed1l1gs Dr. l\Iacluer (lecturer), and Sgt. Hlcbe (mstructor), were made the recipients of fountain pens in token of their valuable ser\'ices to the class.

:EWPORT.-The news that Mr. J. H. Hill, the popular pn lslOnal of the X ewport A (X O. 7) Diyision, IS shortly rettnng fro111 the G.vV.R. service and leavina ewport, will be receiyed with considerable regret G.W.R. ambulance circles and throughout South \ iVales. 1\1r. IIill, who is retiring on the age limit, has been a prominent figure in the railway ambulance movement for many years, and is another of those veterans who did so much in the old days to lay the solid foundations of the movement we know to-day. He is the holder of the G.vV R. Quarter-century efficiency medal, and a Servino' Brother of the Order of St. John. He has been particularly prominent in competition work, and for a great many years has captained the team representing the G \V.R. in the Inter-railway competitions. His team has won the G.vV.R. Directors' Challenge Shield no fewer than seYen times. It is understood that Mr. HiU is taking up residence in South Devonshire.

BRISTOL.-Upwards of 200 examination awards were distributed to members of the Bristol G.W.R. ambulance classes at the Royal Hotel, College Green} on the evening of the 3rd instant.

Mr. H. R. Griffiths presided oyer a large company, and was supported by a number of railway officials and others. He said the ambulance movement was flourishing in the Bristol Division, where there were 34 classes and nearly 100 ho lders of the G.W.R. gold efficiency (13 years) award . The training received at these classes had proved invaluable when accidents had arisen, and elicited high testimony from the medical profession.

The Secretaries of the women's and men's classes submitteci reports of the respective activities of their classes, and the Luclents successful in examination recciYed their awards at the hands of Mr. A. S. Quarterl11aine, Divisional engineer

An exce ll ent conce r t was provided and much enjoyed.

FLORlDA HURRICANE.-The hurricane which causeJ such widespread damage in the West Indies reached the coast of Florida about September 20th. The region of Lake Okeechobee and Palm Beach county were seriously affected, over 2,000 people being killed and 15,000 rendered homeless. The American Red Cross took i111charge of the relief situation and issued a nationa l appeal for 5,000,000 dols.. All Governmenta l and State agencies are co-operating with the Red Cross Society to bring reJ:cf to the sufferers.

AID - No

R. J. R. Loxdale, J.P., of Castle Hill, Llanilar, distributed examination awards to successful members of the Aberystwyth Class at the G.W.R. Refreshment Rooms, 011 the evening of October 26th, when 1\11'. L. J. Slack, stationmaster, presided over a distinguished company

Durin o- the proceedings 1\11'. H WarwIck, DIstnct Traffic handed a G .\V.R. gold efficiency medal to 1\Ir. J. Collins. Mr. Trevor J (Secretary), and 1\1 r. A. Shone (instructor), were the reCIpIents <;>1 glfts on behalf of the class in recognition of their serV1CCS.

London, Midland and Scottish.

CASTLETO l .-A social evel1ing was held on Thursday, October 25th, at the Blue Pits Hotel, Castleton, by I<-ailway Ambulance Class for the purpose of the prizes won in a recent competition promoted. to stImulate the interes t in "First Aid," and also certlficates to successful students who had recently passed the examination. 1\1r. Merrick, stationmaster, \\ ho had kindly provided the prizes, occupied the chair, and 1\Ir. D. McCann pres e nted the certificates ancl prizes.

The chairman, in his opening remarks, said be was I cry pleased to see the interest revived at Castleton, and al s o to say that during the year there had passed at Castleton 15 first-year stud ents, 1 voucher, 3 for medallions, and 9 for lab e ls. These re ults were very gratifying.

Mr. D McCann said he was pleased to be amongst them that night. Th e re was no need to think the interest at Castleton would be lacking. During his remarks he alluded to the 8-pointed star saying, that to have that knowledge must be , -c ry useful, especially to married m e n In saving lots of doctor's bills.

He then present ed the certificates and prizes to the successful students.

The chairman apologised for the absence of Dr. vVhite who, through pressure of business, was unable to be present.

London and North Eastern.

LowEsToFT.-The annual meeting of th e L.N.E.R. Division, St. J01111 Ambulance, was held in the Lounge, South Pier Pavilion, 1\1r. A. G. Nightingal e presiding over a good number of members. He spoke of the splendid response to the call for more men and the way the class was being so well conducted, and he was sure their efforts to alleviate pain and suffering were appreciated. The Secretary (Mr. S. H. Halls), reporting on the year's work, stated the casualties were still heavy, and the necessity for trained men was absolutely essential at a place like Lowestuft, with its large number of railway employees. A course of lectures had been delivered by Pr. Dudley Boswell, M.D., whose services to the Division were greatly appreciated. Some 40 men had sat for the examination, and all had passed, which was a credit to the Doctor, the First Officer eMr. G. Wright), and other older members who had assisled in the coaching of candidates. The team had done well in the Directors' Cup competition, and the session had been a most instructive anel success1ul one.

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Priory for Wales.

TIlE WELSH RAILWAY J\l\1BULAl\'CE COMPETITlO;\T.

A SPECIALLY appropriate test was set for the teams compet ing in the annua l \Velsh Railway Ambulance Competition, organised by the Priory. for Wales, which took place at the Law Courts, Card iff, on N ovem ber 1st.

Teams from the Great \Vestern Railway COIllpany and the London, Midland and Scottish Railway Company entered and their work was followed by an enthusiastic number of spectators. The scene of the squad test was the recent disaster at Charfield. The teams were required to assume they were part of the rescue party on duty on th is occasion, and the first case they were called upon to treat was a pat ient whom they had discovered in a partly demolished carriage.

The adjudicators were Centre Surgeon S Glanville 10rris, 1\lardy; Corps Surgeon Edgar Llewellyn, Cardiff; and Divisional Surgeon A. M. Robertson, Cwmparc, and the first three teams In order of merit were :-

1st, Pontypool A (G. W R.) 250}

2nd, Pontypool B (G \V.R ) 208

3rd, Denbigh (L.M & S.R.)

The Com III issioner for \ Vales presided and was sUIlPorted by Sir Henry and Lady \ Vebb, Lady Lewis, O.B.E , 1\1rs. Hurry Riches, :\lr. \V. G. Chapman (G. \V. R. Centre Secretary, Paddington), Mr. G. S. Hill (L.l\I.S . R . Centre Secretary, Euston), Mr. \ V E C. Lazenby (L M.S R., Euston), M r. C. H. Tait (District Traffic Supt., L.M.S.R., Abergavenny), Mr. F G Wainwright ( Divisional Supt., G.\V . R . , Cardiff), Mr. C . T. Hurry Ricbes (Loco. Supt., G . W . R . , Cardiff), l\1r. J. \Vbeatley (Assistant Divisional Supt., G.W.R , Newport), G. H Iles (Divisional Secretary, G \V R., Cardiff Docks), Captain S. T Beard, O.B.E. (District Secretary, L M S R , Abergavenny), Mr. \ V. Duncan (Assistant Engineer, G W.R., Newport), Mr. J. \ iVhite (District Secretary, L.M.S . , Bargoed), Mr. G . H . Davey (Divisional Secretary, G W. R., Cardiff), 1\1r. J A Cad\vallader (Divisional Secretary, G \iV. R , Newport "B" Division), Mr. J H Hill (Divisional Secretary, G . W . R . , Newport Dock Street), :\1r. A. C Barrington (Class Secretal-Y, G \ iV R., Cardiff), Mr. J ames Wilson, O B E (Chief Constable of Cardiff), Mr. \ V. \ V . Harr iso n , M.B . E. (Deputy Chief Constable), Capta in T E Richards (Comm iss ioner, Borough of Rhondda Centre), Staff Officer George Payne, and a large number of en th usias ts.

Sir Henry Webb, Bart., in handing the cup and prizes to the first th r ee teams, said he had always taken a keen intere t i n ambu lance work

and admired the service given by the Raihvav Companies to the movement, and wished to than]\: their :vives a.nd families for the sacrifices they made 111 allOWing these men to be awav so much in their Spare time.

Sir Lewis thanked Sir Henry on behalf of the Pnory and congr,:-tulated the winning team, and hoped that the RaIlway Companies this ye.ar would bring the "Pim" Cup to \Vales. The raIlway servants, he said, were pioneers in ambulance wO.rk ;. it was entirely voluntary, and he felt the publiC dId not sufficiently realise its indebtedness to them for their great sacrifice of leisure. He hoped t.o n:ake this competition more important and to lI1Vlte the general public to \\ ' itness the test, and next year to ha\Te suitable prizes similar to those given by headquarters.

The Chief Constable proposed a vote of thanks to the Judges, which was seconded by C. T. Hurry Riches. Dr. A. 1\1. Robertson and Dr. Edgar Lle\\'ellyn, who judged the comhined "i v a voce and individual practical test, " ere of the unanimous opinion that the general standard of efficiency was exceedingly good, and the men would be well able to give valuable assistance in an actual emergency. Dr. Glanville l\Iorris was pleased with the manner In which the squad test had been carried out. The test was a particular!" catchy one and he kindly promised to see th-e teams and explain the difficult points. The majority of the errors committed really arose from a lack of observation, and he emphasised the importance to competitors of thoroughly visualising the setting of the accident.

PE:\IBROKESI-IIRE

Two important changes have been made in the constitution of the Pembrokeshire Centre; Lieut. - Col. \V. Bickerton Ed"' ards, C.B.E., has been appointed Com missioner in place of :\lajor Sir David H Bart., who has accepted the Office of Chairman, formerlv held b,' the late Colonel T Seymour Allen. - "

These appointments were made by the SubPrior, the Rt. Hon Lord Kylsant, on behalf of the Prior, His Royal Highness the Prince of \ Vales, and ·will be reported to Chapter. Col. Bickerton Edwards is a Knight of Grace of the Order; a member of Chapter and Grand Committee ; has been an Officer in the Brigade for many years; is Corps Surgeon of the Neath COI-PS; has the Service Medal of the Order, issued by command of the Sovereign for fifteen years' se;vice, and has always taken a keen interest in the moyement.

The Commissioner is the chief Executive Officer in the Centre, and as the work is increasing in the County, it is proposed to arrange a meeting of the Centre Committee at an early date to consieler the programme for the winter Jession

Sir David Hughes-Morgan was Commissioner when the Priory was created. HIs advice has been of crreat value and he has done everything in his to help the work in the County.

Ambulance and Cadet Divisions have been recristered at Haverfordwest and Milford Haven b and there are First Aid Classes at Letterston, Neyland, Milford Haven, Fishguard, Clarbeston Road, Haverfordwest, Maencloehog, Tenby, Pembroke Dock, Trellech and St. I shmaels. There is a Medical Comforts Depot at Tenby, and others are to be established in different parts of the County Pembrokeshire was at one time very closely associated with the Order. Slebech, which is owned by the Baron de Rutzen, ,vas an important Commandery, and many Knights were buried in the old Church There is a general desire to preserve this link and the incumbent has recently been attached to the Priory.

I0.'CREASE IN ,\iVELSH AMBULANCE AWARDS.

The sensation caused by the recent publication of the accident returns for the past twelve months acted as a kind of impetus to enro lm ent in am bulance classes, and in most Centres the winter session has opened with renewed vigour and increased strength .

It is really remarkable that men and women should require any incentive to obtain knowledge of such practical value as First Aiel. Evidence of its worth in industry and elsewhere is apparent to all. During a debate in the House of Commons on June 21st last, on the estimates for the Mines Department, Commodore Douglas King (Secretary for Mines) said: "I am impressed by the number of cases in these returns where, perhaps, some slight scratch on the hand or arm has, through neglect on the part of the man himself, in a short ,,,hile actually resulted in death, and is recorded as a fatal accident, whereas had the man shown proper care in having that sma ll injury attended to, his l ife would have been in no jeopardy. It is really appalling to realise that a sma ll scratch may cause a fatal accident, whereas in many cases you will find that ina serious accident, where a man has been crushed or badly injured, he recovers his full strength again." The natural laws of health pay no deference to any condition; what is true in this respect in industry is true in all spher.es Those who have discovered the lif e saving va lu e of ambulance work must make themselves enth u s iastic advocates for its general acquisition among a ll sections of the public. The diffusion of the knowledge of First A id must keep pace with the tremendous demand for am bulance men occasioned by the growth of accidents on the public highways and the dangers of industry. The chart below is encouraging. It shows the number of amb ul ance awards issued annua ll y by the Priory of Wales

s inc e its es tab li s hment. Apart from the natural decrease 111 the first three post-war yea r s a s tead y increase has b ee n maintained.

November, 1928. -FIRST AID.(Chairman of the Welfare Society) and RepresenLatives of the Miners' Federation. Appreciation was expressed of the fine body of men an d women who had placed their services at the disposal of the town in case of acc id ent or sickness. The Cwm disaster had proved the value of the Brigade in e mergencies and it was agreed Lhat an organised effort be made by the miners and other organisatio ns to support its work.

had resigned his appointment as Commissioner of the Borough of Newport Centre, and that Corps Surgeon Dr. S. McCormac had temporarily t.aken over the duties. The Hon. J. H. Bruce was appointed Acting Commissioner of the Aberdare Centre in of Dr. J. C. O g ilvie, resigned.

AWARDS PRESENTED AT YSTRAD MYNACH

A large gathering of Brigade members and o thers interested attended the annual distribution of awards to the Y strad M ynach Ladies' Class held o n October 31st.

The Welsh Border Corps was inspected at Cwm, 10nmouthshire, on Sunday, October 7th. Divi s ions from Abergavenny, Brynmawr, Ebbw Vale and Cwm includin g the newly-formed Cwm Nursing Division and the Colliery Cadet Unit assem bled, in cha r ge of the respective officers, on Cwm Road, and headed by the Cwm Town Prize Silver Band, made an imposing procession on its way to the Cwm Recreation Ground, where the parade was insp ected by Captain S. T. Beard, O.B.E., Sub-Commissioner for Monmouthshire. Captain Beard was accompanied by Divisional Surgeon E. T. Hale, who was recently admitted a Serving Brother of the Ord er in recognition of his s pl end id services at the Cwm Colliery disaster in 1927 The In specting Officer congratu lated the Di v is io ns on th e ir sma rt appearance and efficie nc y, and the unit s were a ft erwa rd s cntertained to tea at the Pavilion. The gues ts were Mr. E '\iVilliam s

Mrs. Tait presided, supported by Lady (Herbe rt) Lewis, O.B.E., Colonel and Mrs. Lindsay, S ub -C ommissioner C. T. Hurry Riches and Mrs. Hu rry Riches, Dr. E. L. Phillips (C lass Lecturer), M rs. F. M. Crocker (Secretary), and Staff Officer ,\V . Hares, of Brithdir. The Ambulance A,vards were presented by ;\ lrs . Lind::ay and Lady Lewis, who congratulated t he class on their hund r ed - per-cent success at the re cent First Aid Examination urged the members w ho received their first certificates to take up H ome Nursing and so become e li g ibl e to enrol in to a Nursing Division of the Brigade, and wear th e honoured uniform of St. John, which was k nown throughout the civi l ised world. Col. and "\I rs. Lindsay, she said, took a deep interest in the Br igade, and in 1\1r. Hurry Riches they had an en thusiastic Commissioner. Lady Staff Officer ;\f rs. Riches was particularly anxious to get a N ursing Division, and Lady Lewis hoped her w ish would short ly be gratified. She appealed to th e public to see that the men and women who we re constantly vo l unteering their time and assistanc e in order to relieve suffering received support ne cessary for their work, reminding them that in th at locality there were 152 men, 77 women and ++ boys who were maintaining efficiency as membe rs of the Brigade in ambulance work for the be nefit of their fe ll ows Lady Lewis referred to the Medical Depots-w hich did so much to relieve s uffering-and to the Priory'S Motor Ambulance S tation at Llanbradach, and brought to the notice of those present the scheme whereby householders, [o r an annual subscript ion at the rate of one penny p er week, might obtain the f ree use of a motor a mbu lance, in case of accident or sickness, for themselves or their fam ili es.

AMBULANCE AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES.

Meetings of the Ambu lance and Executive Committees of the Priory [or Wales were held at t he Priory Ro om, Law Courts, Cardiff, on l\londay, October Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Wallace, M .D., presiding.

It was reported that Mr. G. Campbell Oliver

ApphcatlOns were approved for Service l\f edals awarded by command of the Sovereign for fift een years'service in the Brigade, on behalf of Ambulan ce Offi cer A. T. Morgan, Aberdare Division' Sergeant J. <;. Mitchell, Abergavenny Division; Am bulance Slster L. 1\1. Watkins, Cardiff I\' ursin cr Division j and Service Medal Bars for additioncJ periods of five years' service for Staff Officer A. Lucas, ;\lerthyr Centre; Supt. R. H. Parker, Dowlais Division Ambulance Officer E. ,\Vithers, Dowlais Division; and Private D. Davies, Bedlinog Division.

A request was received from the Commissioner for Centre for the reforming of the South Wales Border Corps, to comprise the Divisions at Abergavenny, Brynmawr, :\Iarine Colliery, Ebbw Vale and Cwm, and this was agreed. Sanction was given for the formation of new Divisions at Hay, Trelewis, 1\Iilford Haven, Ystradgynlais, Kid "we llr, :\Iaesmarchog, Porthcawl, Cwmavon, Duffryn ;\Iaelor Rhos, Denbigh, Aberdare, Penrhiwceiber, Briton Ferry, Penallta Colliery and Ogmore Vale.

It was reported the Commissioner for '-Vales had been appointed Honorary Director of Ambulance by the Executive of the R oyal National Eisteddfod of Wales, Liverpool, 1929. The Commissioner for Carmarthenshire, 1\1 r. E. D. Jones, had been elected Chairman of the Ambulance Committee for the Royal National Eisteddfod at Llanelly in 1930, Corps Surgeon Dr. S. \Villiams, Vice-President, and Staff Officer T. D. \Villiams, Secretary. The Committee agreed that the trophies of the Priory be offered for competition at Llanelly.

A vote of thanks was giYen to the Hon. Mrs. Robert Devereux, Lady President of the Brecknockshire Centre, for the gift of a Cup, which has been vested in the Trustees of the Priory for the '\iV elsh District Police Ambulance Competition.

It was unanimously agreed to send the follo\\'ing resolution, proposed by Mr. James A. ,\Vilson, O.B.E., Chief Constable of Cardiff, to the l\linistry of Transport, and to inform him the Gt. '\Vestern R ailway Company is making arrangements for its Road Service Vehicles to be equipped with first a id appliances, and the drivers and conductors tra in ed in ambu lance work :-

"That it be a recommendation to the ;\Iinistry of Transport that, in an y new regulations for the control of public service vehicles, it be made compulsory to and a condition of the licensing thereof, that every omnibus and motor coach be prO\·ided with a first a id outfit."

W ELSI-I BORDER CORPS INSPE CTED

-FIRST

Civic Honour for Commissioner Hossack.

0:-; Friday, 9t h last, Dr. ]. F. C. Hoss<lck was elcctec.l to the high onice of Chid of the Borough of I pS\\'ich , [ the Council meeting at \\ hich the election took ylace there W:1S a full attendance of Aldermen and and the Council Chamber at the Town Hall was fdled \\' Ilh a representati\l COlllpany of lO\\ l1speople,

In suhmitting the naille of Dr. Hossack as the l\Jayor for the cnsuing year, Col. Turner humoroLlsly to a feeling of rC'sponsibility in the matter, for, \\'htle Dr. Ho.ssack had many and grcat qualification , he \\'as not born In lpswich. Thrs disad\'antage \\'a wiped out t\\'o facts the firsl that he came as a young m a n to Ipswich, <llld settled

AID Nov em b er, 928

HnL o. 10 District, \\ hi e h includcd Norfolk, Suffolk, C,Ullhridge, nnd parts of Essex a nd Herts, succeed ing the uncle of the outgo in g l\lilyor, Col, Elliston. Dr. H? ssnck had.a sp lendid record of war sen' icc, doing ho sp ltal .\\'ol.-k 111 France and Salonica, subsequent ly bec011llllg a Mn]or In the Royal A.rl11)' M ed icn l Corps, and reeei: ing I:lany honour for his sterling wOl'k abroad 111 conciu ' lon, Co l. Turner made complimentary references to :'Ill'S. IIossack, an.d Miss. Hossack, upon whol11 \Yould cl e\'o!\'e many duties In r e latIOn to the social side of the I ayor's office.

A ld e rm an Dr. J. R. Stadclol1, who seconded, sa id that J had been pleased to adopt Dr. .r f, as a Scotsman, he came to the lo\,vn to hUllt the nimble sl:\.pence, he had a lso done vo luntary sen icc in the tOWIl in which h e \\'as earni ng his li\'in g. Dr. Hos sac k had e\'cr been reCtdy to do public sen'ice, and wa.s a bright examp le to the youngel' g-ener<ltion who were com ing along.

In reply, the ne\\' :\Iayor said that he could not help feeling that -when a tOWI1 e lected one of its c iti ze n to the post of Mayor, they were conferring upon him one of the greatest honou-rs possible. lIe a l so felt that the responsibilities \-yere great, and be was bOllnd to admit he was facing responsiblities with some amount of fear and awe, but, \\,Ith the co-operat ion of the Counci l and the officials, perhaps any shortcomings would be looked upon with a littl e kindness. When he c;me into the room he pnssed a row of pictures of distinguished men who held the office of !\layor and who had repre;ented practically nil the professions and all in the town. They had all passed through the office \"itil honour and dignit);, and he would try to cnrry on in the same \Vny. He wanted to thank Col. Turner and Dr. Staddon for the kind things they had said about his wife and daughter and himself.

We can on ly add that in electing Dr. Jam es Hossack to tbe position of !\layor of I pswich, the Counci l has honoured a man whose medical career has shown him to be wl1at, in other walks of life, is known as "a live wire," Hailing from the far North, to wit, lnvernesshire, the nc\\' !\layor completed his education nt Edinburgh Cniversity and the College of Surgeons there. He then took up an on a Currie liner, and saw something of the world. Returlll11g to Edinburgh, he taught in the Anntomy School, nnd ncted as house surgeon at the Hospital for two periods, obtain in g while there experience of sma llpox owing to the outbreak of a severe ep id emic rlt Leith. Later he went to Ips\ovich, in 1897, and sett led down to fami ly life and practice as a su rgeon. He joinec.lthe honorary stafr of the East Suffolk and Ipswich Hospital, and took particular interest in X-I'ay tl'eatment, starting tbe X-ray apparatus at that institution. He also had a good deal to do with the equipment of the new OutPatients' Department.

Then came the war, when Dr. Hassack, after shal-ing in much pI'actical organising work in 1p wich, rendered very imp ortant service in France an d Serbia in war hospitals. His eyes suffered through too much X-ray work, and he returned to England, making him se lf useful on a travelling Medical Board, and atcr being associated with the Territorial Field Amhulance,

November, T928 -FIRST

Young Workers and Their Jobs.

WHAT young workers feel about their occupations in the early days of their employment is discussed in an interesting article in the October issue of Industrial vVeijare, arising out of the questionnaire issue d some months ago by Dr. Sargant Florence when he was giving a series of B. B C. talks on "Me n and Machines." The pupils of a Coventry schoo l were asked to answer the questionnaire, and their answers show, among other things, that young people have much more definite opinions a bout their jobs than is usually supposed.

Eighty-five per cent. of them say they would prefe r working five long days a week rather than 51 shorter ones. The same proportion again say

rrhree / 11 (Jllte

A I D. brings about fatigue and lo ss of health, with a corresponding decrease of output and an increase of spoilt work.

-------. --.------

j\mbulance

PltOto vy] [Adolphus Tear, .Ipswich. DR. J. F. C. HO SSACK.

down in the to \'\'11, thereby showing a remarkably good ense on his parl. The second fact was that he came fran, the and beyond the Tweed, and the combination of ScoLland and Ipswich appeared to make a perfect blend. They had many examp es of it. Proceeding, Col. Turner said that Dr. Hossack had twenty years' service on that Council, but, apart fro111 his sp lend id record of work for the municipality, he had also given wonderful service to the St. ] ohn Ambulance Brigade, \\ ith which be had been continuous ly id ent ified ince 1897. He had passed through all positions in the Order, and in 1921 he became Co 111 111 issioner for the il11 port-

He has taken a \'ery acti\ e in amb ulan ce work a ll the time he has been in Ip sw ich, joining the St John organisation as a divisional surgeon many years ago, and go ing through a ll the gra d es, as mentioned above, until he became Commissioner of the Five Counties, known as No. H) District, Norfolk, Suf{olk, Cambridge, H ertford, and Essex.

Amongst the other activ iti e', Dr. Hos sack, an nrclcnt motorist, is Chairman of the Suffolk County Automobile Club, and h e is also Chairman of the loc a l Caledonian Club.

The "DECOR.ATORS' &. PAINTERS' MAGAZINE " (8d. monthly) is THE trade paper for all interestect .Publishing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C.4.

RESCSClTATI1\'G TlIREE PATIENTS AT ONCE.

;\ Iall\' teachers of artificial respiration do not realise that il is possible to handle more than one patient at a time with the pro ne pressure method of resuscitation, The abo\'e illustration shows how one first aider can do artificial respiration on three patients. Applying his hands on patient Ko. 1 he giyes an expiration sl ghtly less than t\\'o seconds. Then immediately he giyes No.2 a simi lar expiraLion and. No. 3 in turn He then gocs back to TO 1 and repents. In this way he makes three person breathe about 8 to 10 times a lllinL1te -Reprinted from Sajelj (U .S, \ .).

th at they I ike variety in the course of their work, dn d suggest that as a reason for freq lIently changing their jobs.

Apropos of the question of whether there ar man y you ng people in i nd ustry who may be desc ribed as III is-fits- a poin t that has been the su bject of considerable i nvestigation - it is in teresti ng to note that 45 per cent. of the pll pils considered the mselves suitable for their work, and only two of these, one being a n errand boy, gave a contrary decla ration. Judging from repl ies, overtime is not pop ular with adolescents; they maintain that it

j\(

ews euttings from the 3lress.

The Editor invites r:eade s to send newspaper cuttings on matters of general intele,t for irc'mion in this column.

FELL Dowx A ;\10{;l\'TAI1\'.

\Vh ile out gathering hi s s heep, a farmer, aged 60, of Donegal, lipped on the edge of a mountain top and rolled to the bottom, a distance exceeding a mile. His son carried him nearly three miles to the main road, whence he wa s taken to ho pital. -EZlelling Standard,

STRAXGE DEATTI OF .\

A farmer named Robert Beattie, of Co. Antrim, \,'as kill e d in a remarkable accident.

He \\'as sawing branches off a tree which was blown down in a recent gale, when the tree, relie\'ed of the weight of its branches, shot u prigbt, striking B e.attie, who died a fe\\ minutes later from a fractnred skull. The tree remains in an upright position, - Daily Express.

GIRL TIIROW:--I TO S.\FETY.

A motor-lorry caught fire \\'hile going down a hill at Carmarthen. 111 the \' ell icle \'-' ere a tish hawker and his daughter, aged 13. The man threw the girl out of tbe lorry. vVh e n the flames leapt into his facE' he jumped out and was made uncon sc iou s by the fall. Th e girl \\'a able to go for help. The father is reco\'ering, and the lorry was from total jlfad.

K ILLED BY OPE:-; C\R DOOR.

\n cmployee at the London ;\Iidland and Railway's Derby locomoti\'e works, died esterda\ in hospital as a of injJuries received in an unus'ual accident.

\Vhile cycling home from \\ 'or k on Tuesday, he pa sed a stationary mOlor-cal', a door of \"hich fie,,' open and I·mocked him off I;is machine and under the wheels of another car. Ilis skull \\'<1 JIa/!.

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Report:; rccei\'lxl from China sI10\\' lhat the Chinese R.ed Cross despatched t\\'O units of 50 Red Cross \\ orkers to the Tsinan area last summer, where they established two Red Cross hospitals \\ ithin the city walls.

3 E

The Gre k Red Cross has conferrec.l Lln the League of Red Cross Societies one of the medal \\ h ieh ha\'e been struck to commemorate Red Cross relief in cOl1nection with the earthquake \\ hich de\ 'as tated Corinth and other districts in Greece in the Spring of this year. The medal is beinl), awarcled to tho e persons and organisations \\'ho co llaborated in til work of relief.

Rivalry Between Office and Works.

ONE of the most difficult tasks confronting industrial administration in the average factory is to promote unity between works and office ·workers, says a writer in the October issue of Illdustrz'al TTTeifare. This is an instance of the usual an tipathy of those who are black-coated workers, and those who are not, and arises [rom, among other things, a mistaken distinction between manual and mental work. The trouble is that the particular trend of modern organisation has intensified the distinctions, and has gi\Cen the impression of superiority to the office worker. There is some irony in the problem because, very often, the income of the office worker is inferior to that of the "factory hand," though his social status is conside red a higher one.

The writer attributes a good deal of the trouble to superficial distinctions such as dress, and suggests that mem bers of clerical and managerial staffs should be less ostentatious, and actually advises the adoption of some form of uniform for all.

A much more serious point, ho·wever, is whether some of the privileges which are usually reserved for office \vorkers, such as payment for holidays, might be extended to factory workers too. This is being done al ready by some of the largest industrial concerns in this cQuntry and America, by the promotion of all workers after a gi,'en length of service to what is known as (( staff grade. "

The Editor invites Note. on actual Cases-wilh reference to go (! and bad points in Treatm ent-for inc10sinn ;n this Column.

S,WED FRO:-'I SCfFOCATrOK.

Passing a house .rE'cent.ly I noticed a mother bending over a peramhulator 111 whlch was a baby Suddenly the mother screamed and called out that her baby was dead. Rushing to her help, I found th8.t the baby, who had been left asleep in the perambulator in the front garden, and h8.d turned face do\\,nw8.rds on the pillow, was blue in the face and had stopped breathing. I pulled the child out, laid it on a rug on the ground and commenced Schafer's l\Iethod. \\'ithin a fe\ \ minutes the child hegan to breathe; rtnd rtll \"as \\,('11.-:'1£',\., Cambridge.

D.\NGERS OF PETROl:..

.\ t an inquest held recently on an elder ly woman vvho died as a result of petrol exp lo s ion, it was slated thrtt patient ha:l wr:sI1ed a quilL in rt bath of peLrol and had proceeded to wnng It through a mangle which \yas on ly two feet a"'ay from a gas jet. An explosion followed and patient was brtdly burned that she succumhed shortly aftenvards

In his c\'idcnce a L.C:c. inspector pointed out (trthat It IS both dang·?rous and Illegal to usc peLrol in this way, 1he penalty hell1g .£20 per day or so doing_in a pri\'atC'

hou se, (2) Lhat it is illegal to have 1110re LImn a pinL of pclrol ill a pri"aLe house for cleaning purposes, and (3) that petro l will igniLe fr0111 a name s itu ate within 20 fccl.-G.].W., Thornton Lanc s.

DANGERS OF GAS.

Th e need for caution in the u se of gas is emphasised by the report of a recent accident. t\ young girl st ruck a match to light a g,lS ring in the kitchen, the gas hm'ing been turned on for a s hor t while. At once an explosion took plrtce and shattered the kitch en stove, of ,vhich only the top and door remained intact Two windows in the kitchen were blowll out; but the g irl \HlS unhurt. Her mother· and two-year old s ister, who were in the roo III also escapecl injulT-F. N. 0., L Ie of Mull.

SNORES PRE\'ENT TRAGEDY.

A middle-aged ,,'oman early one 1l10rning got out of hed and retired to the bathroom. Some minutes later her hushand, \",ho "vas s leep ing in the next room, was awakened by loud sno res proceeding from the bathroom; and, dashing in, he found hi s wife unconscious in a gas-laden room with gastap full on. AplX1Telltly the woman, having turned on the tap, had fainted amI was o\'ercome by the gas fumes hefort· recO\'ering from the fainting attack. lIe SUlllllloned a sistance and had his wife remo\'eci to hospital, where in due course she made a complete recoyery. - B. c., Stl-and.

R,\ILWAY CONCESSION TO BRlTISII RED CROSS SOCIETY.

-It having been brought to notice that mcmhers of tlw British R ed Cros Society, when tra\'elling in companies fur instruction or when joining Boy Scouts or Cadets at training centres, were required to pay ordinary railway chal-gcs, the Railway Companies h<1"e readily agreed, through the Railway Rates Tribunal, to offer to members of the Socie( \ the sa l;le pri\'ilegcs as already enjoyed hy Boy Scouts, C-ldch and others

FIRST Am PAys.-Thc value of the IIrst aid appliances installed in e\'ery department of Lever Bros.' works at Port Sunlight has again been demonstrated. A stack of palm kernels in the No.2 oil mill became ignited shortly before 9 o'clock ill the e\'elling, and the fire brigade was immediately summoned In the meantime the mill staff had got to work with the first aid appliances and held the names in check until the brigade arrived The outbreak was quickly extinguished and the damage 'vvas com pa rat i\'ely s li ght.

ASBESTOS BLANKETs.-When using- a cutting plant yery c lose to a patient one or two asbestos blankets are useful. The H ouse of Merryweather has just the th i ng on the market. The fireproof non-conducting blankets are made in two sizes and can be rolled into neat cylinders for storage purposes. Apart from their va lue in protecting a patient, they are an effective means for subd uing small fires, and for screen in g a victim from flying burning fragments or the sight of advancing flames whilsl release is taking place, llnd eyer)' seco nd see ms an hour.

Does your colleague read FIRST AID, if not , send us his address and we will post him a copy

Our Nurses Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

AT THE CENOT J\PIT, ARMISTICE DAY, 1928.

It is often being asked" Have we forgotten?" but for of us duty took us out at an early hour on Sunday morn1l1g,. the was surely in the negative, for by 8.30 a .m. ]t was WIth dIfficulty that one was able to The Cenotaph to reach the appointed Ambulance StatlOn

As usual, the weather was not all that could be desired, although, fortunately, the rain held up until the Ceremony was over.

The crowd began to grow denser and denser, and it was only by acting as our own police that we were able to keep our Station clear. It was obvious that our presence would very soon be justified.

Most of the besides bringing li ght equipment, now carry hot dnnks 111 thermos flasks) but before the attack commenced, O1:e flask lay shattered and the fragrant coffee was runmng down the gutter. But incidents like this are merely things sent to try us. (No, I did not hear one naughty word.)

Soon the cases came in fast and furious. Half-adozen Nur.ses and a number of Ambulance men were kept busy, and 111 a couple of hours or so, dealt with a hundred cases. Hot, muddy, perspiring, and hands anythino- but sterile, they dealt with cases as quickly as possible, as as a patient was sufficiently recovered to move, passed hll11 or her along to other scat (t,\'O chairs procured from a nearby office and a couple of forms), and so the s tretchers re-filled. The treatment required by most of these sufferers was (1) Comforting words (which some of us find so difficult in Competition work, but which I heard all arouncl me on actual duty); and (2) Hot drinks.

Our Lady Surgeon, who was called away to another Station ha\:ing a c. thick" t.ime, returning later, told llS she had c. pll1cbed ., (I am not sure if that was the actual word she used) a night-watchman's milk from a doorstep to help in the great effort to supply sufficient tea. I hope t he result justified the means.

As 11 o'clock drew near, young people of both sexes climbed into perilous positions., and one was kept wondering how long it would be before the expected happened, and what gooe! practice for us ·would result! ext came a small, forlorn lost boy, who was brought to us with sundry ac1!11oniLions "not to cry," and" be a soldier."

Poor mite!

A lull for a few minutes enabled one to make a sandwich look small," and then in the near distance, one or two shrieks in the silence gave the signal that the crowd was again" in aCLion " and, before long, ambulance men, hot and perspiring, came in with their burdens. As one leaves a patient to dash to another, one collides with someone standing ncar-is it? Yes! it's the Acting Chief Commissioner himself, Major General Sir Percival Wilkinson! It is wonderfully inspiring to us to find our Chief among u s on such an occasion

You mig ht ask me if I saw any Brigade Rules broken, and I am afraid I should have to answer" Yes." I actually saw a member of the Brigade peel off her coat (on a damp ovember clay) to cover a shivering patient, the demand for hlankets far exceeding the supply, although a large number "vere in usc. It is hoped that this kind action will wipe out the offence.

From the point of view of "casua lti es," in my experience this duty was lhe heaviest since Peace Day, 1919.

It may be because it was Sunday, ancl more people were able to be present.

Ancl so Amistice Day has passed, ancl if we have not been able to heal the broken hearts which we saw around us break again, the Brigade members were once more able to do their little bit in giving bodily succour to thos.e who had come to do homage to "Our Dead," and It IS wonderful how a c. spot of work" helps to keep down one's own inevitable rising lump.

War Office has been busy recently holding inspectlOns of V.A.D. units different parts of the country. FrOlTot the rep?rls the effiCIency of these units appears to be hIghly satIsfactory, evoking praise from the inspect1l1g officers.

The V.A.D. movement has a special appeal to FirstAlders, whether they be attached to the British Red Cross Society or to the older body, the St. John Ambulanc e Brigade. In times of peace, members of both work for the of humanity, by rendering First Aid to the sick and 1l1Jured whenever possible, by giving voluntary assistance at hospitals, by welfare work, and in many ot her ways. When war breaks out, the services of all are needed in the military hospitals to tend the sick and w?tmded . It is necessary, therefore, that every member o t a V.A.D. should be as efficient as possible, so as to b e ready the call comes. If a business or any oth e r undertakmg were suddenly to expand to an enormous extent, how harassed the principal would be if he found the additional staff with which he was suppJiedwhIch staff was supposed to be qualified for such \\'orkhad very little knowledge, and had been content with a half hearted training. He simply could not carryon. It is just the same with a hospital. The Commandant cloe.s not expect the V.A.D.'s to haY(' the knowl edge of tra1l1ed nurses, but she does require them to be effici ent as far as their training is designed to go. As in their case it is a matter of dealing with human lives, surely the call to be quite up to standard cannot be disregarded. In this matter, the Scouts' motto, "Be prepared," is on e that we mIght all adopt.

V A.D. CAMBS. 2.-Major Amy, D.S.O., has now issued the report of his inspection of this detachmen t which he carried out last July. He praises the knO\vleclg e of First Aid and Home J ursing shown and the of invalid cooking. He is of the opinion that the unit is efficient and ready for service.

CHESHIRE.-Detachments of this county were inspected at Stalybridge on Saturday, Oc t ober 13th, by Col. l\Iartin, D.S.O., D.D.l\I.S. The parade was under the command of Lady District Suplerintendent Irs. Tweedale. A.R.R.c., J.P.

The application of a Thomas's Splint to a fractured femur was demonstrated, after which the inspecting Officer visited a miniature hospital and kitchen arranged by the nurses, and expressed his pleasure at all he saw.

OXFORDSIIIRE.-Oxford City o. 8, Witney No. 22, and Bicester o 28 V.A.D.'s were inspected by Col. Langford Lloyd on October 6th. These detachments, aHer rendering First Aid to patients who had been invoh'ed in a motor accident, provided further treatment in a hospital they llac1 prepared, the latter even being

equipped with an operating theatre. Col. Langford Lloyd \vas favourably impressed with the demonstration.

HLJXTIXGDOl\.-October 6th was also the chosen by Major Amy to inspect the V.A.D. of. thlS Here, again, the Thomas's SplInt was applIed t? a fl actured femur. Some of the nurses gave a display of invalid cooking. In a short address of encouragement, l\lajor Amy praised the efficiency shown.

SCFFOLK.-Ipswich Ambulance IIall was the scene of an inspection of the V.A.D. Suffolk 2..J. on October 13th by Lieut.-Col. Bennett. The. detachment _:vas warmly commended for the demonstratlOn of bandai51J1g and bedmaking t hat was g-iYcn, and for the theoretical and practical knowledge sho\n1 by the members.

V\'lLTSIIIRE.-Lieut.-Col. B. 'v\!. Longhurst inspected V A.D. Wilts 6 at Chippcnham on October 11th. Four demonstrations were g-i\'en: (1) First Ald rendered to ,a victim of a road accident, sho\\'1J1g the use of a Thomas s Splint; (2) the accident in a (3) another ward to which a patient was Just beJllg brought from the operating theatre; (..J.) ward and treatment of a patient suffering \nth (IJphthena.. The excellence of the work was praised by the 111spect111g officer.

".A.D. \Vilts 56 was inspec ted on October 1st at Wootton Bassctt by Col. G.M. Goldsmith) O.B.E. After o-ivino- First Aid the members prayed their knowledge of ursing by further treatment of their patients in bed_ CoL Goldsmith congratulated the detachment 011 the efficiency sho\nl at its first insp ection.

10th was the date fixed by Col. Langford Lloyd for his inspection of the V_A.D_ here_ Four" casualties" were treated and removed to hospital. Nurses with one case, that of typhoid fever, \\ere completely covered, even to face vel.1s and rubber g-loycs. During the inspection, a real patient, who had met with a motor accident, was brought 111 amI recelved treatment. Col. Lang ford Lloyd stated that this was one of the best detachments he had inspected, and that he \\ as very pleased with the high standard of the work.

Ro .\ 1J STATIO:\,

Preston corps has built a hut on the Blackpool main road and equ ipped it as an ambulance station. Two Amhulance isters take duty every Saturday and Sunday from 2 p.m. until dusk, while six ambulance men patrol the road in the vicinity_ Considerahle service has been rendered Lo the pl1 blic since the station was opened on September 15th_ The police are able to use the h l1t for emergencies when no one is on duty.

SOCl r\LS.

All work and no play is bad for everyone, and ambulance workers have learned to enjoy a little well-earned recreation in each other's society apart from duty.

A sllccessf ul whist drive and dance was held at Hatfield on October 17Lh) the proceeds being allocated to the l\Iassage Clinic of that town) which is run in connection with the Herts. Red Cross Society. In an interval between the whist dri"e and the dance, Dr. A. C Ballance, Medical Officer of Health for the District, gave the history of the Herts_ Reel Cross from 1911) which was listened to with great interest.

On Octoher 17th No_ 55, Southall) Nursing Division held a most enjoyable social and dance. Assistant-Commissioner S. J. Warren was present, and Mrs. Burney, the Lady President) kindly presented medals won in the recent Divisional Annual Competitions. The Nursing Division Competition was secured by A./ S. Miss Bart-

A I D.- November, 1928

lett, and Cadet Margaret Bonner was successfu l in th e Cadet Competition o. 39 (Temple) Nursing Division, No, 1 Dlstnct, held its annua l dance on October 21th. Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher Assistant Commissioner in charge of the area, Lady District Officer Miss Walker, an.d District Officer l\Ir. l\IcBride) as well as many other fnends of the D1Vlsion honoured the members with their presence. A very happy evening was spent by all.

The members of the Lady Hospitallers' Club of 1 (Prince of \i\Ta les's) District spent a very afternoon on :0Tovember 3rd at the 'vVe1come Hlstoncal Medical l\Iuseum.

The existence of the museum and the lines on which it has been gathered together came as a surprise to most of the members.

Dr. 'lVelcome has for years been collecting material showin o- the history and growth of medicine and its

The result of his work is truly wonderful 111 its interest and educational value, and his collection s hows how some medical matters have been discovered in the past, lost, and re-discovered perhaps cent_uries later. lIe has delyed into the secrets of by-gone Clvlllsed alld unci viii sed peoples as well as those of more up-to, date times, so that one passes from relics of the medlCll1e men and head hunters of barbarian races, through mementoes of Egyptian) Roman and Hindu medical men to those of recent times.

It would take pages to do justice to the collection, but mention must be made of the Lister corner) where there is a portion ot the actual ward of. the G:lasgov:, pital in which Lord Lister first practised IllS antlsepl1c suro-ery. Near by are the utensils and instruments and with which he experimented, including the frog's foot which put him on the road to his great discovery.

Another section is devoted to the Great War) and there are to be seen models of dressing stations, specimens of all kinds of medical stores) the various methods of transporting wounded in t he different areas, and many pictures dealing with the healing side of the war.

The old-fashioned chemist's shop that once stood 111 Oxford Street and a quaint apothecary's shop with bottlea- lass windows arouse much admiration, while the barbershop, in which the owner is seen ol?erating 011 scalp of the blindfolded patient) and the 111struments for restraining insane persons lea,'e a feeling of thankfulness for the progress that has been made.

One gallery is devoted to the portraits, gowns, etc., of famous medical men, and many eyes turned With pleasure to the likeness of Sir Jam es Cantlie; the prince of First-Aiders, who is still rememhered affectionately by all the members of the Brigade who knew him.

Th e vote of thanks to the Conycrsator who took the part)' round was a very hearty one, and doubtless ma:1Y officers will take advantage of his offer to conduct partJes over the museum on Saturday afternoons or week-nighb.

It may interest members in and around London to learn that this museum (at 54A, Mortimer Street, W.1 is open during business hours, and they need have n( doubt that a visit t h ere will be time well spent.

AN AMBIGlJOUS R ULE

A lady Officer of No.1 District writes as follows:-

November, -FIRST

abated when I was told that the Ol-der had been given for caps to be worn.

" Why should caps be worn for this particular occasian? Either they are correct uniform or they are not. It is very unreasonable to expect an Ambulance Sister to wear a cap for one evening) and to tell her the next day that she must wear a hat tor a similar duty. There is no doubt that our Ambulance Sisters would welcome an alte ration of the rule which compels them to wear a close fe lt hat when indoors, often for several hour s at a stretch. Office rs' hats are not nearly so heavy and uncomfortable as are those of the Ambulance Sisters, as all who h ave lately risen to officership will admit. After all, it is th e ran k and file who do the actual work, and surely their comfo rt is to be considered where uniform is concern ed. But perhaps the rule has be en altered-at least} this is the only solution at which I can arrive after my visit to the Scala Theatre."

" Ambulance Sister agrees with the w ri ter of the above letter that the matter referr ed to is puzzling. She has no intimation of t he rule re wearing indoor caps has been altered, but will endeavour to find out and answer her correspondent later.

The Annu a l Inspection of the above Division was held by Lady County Officer Mrs Balsdon on October 25t h.

The Division was in charge of Lad y Ambulance Office r Miss Chudleigh. Practical tests in First Aid and Ho me Nursing were carried out satisfactorily.

A pleasant feature of the proc eedings was the present ation of the Service Medal to the late Lady Divisional Su perintendent, Mrs. Acton, A.RRC In making the prese ntation the L ady County Officer referred to the sple ndid service r ende r ed by Mrs. Acton during the war as Matron of the Torquay Red Cross Hospital. The gre atest honour which could be gained in the Brigade was the Service Medal. It denoted years of faithful) selfsac rificing service for suffering humanity) and she hoped the ceremony would be a n inspiration to all the other mem bers of the Division to continue with the work they we re doing

Mrs. Balsdon ur ged the importance of the Divisi on acq uiring h eadq uart ers of their own. Although there were the same number of members in the Division as in the previous year, she felt it was not sufficient to keep perso nnel at the same level; there should be a steady progress The Cadet Movement was the best solution for the recruiting problem) and she hoped they would do thei r b est to form a Cadet Nursing Division during the com ing year.

AID.-

TORQUAY CADET NURSING DIVISION.-The In spection of the Torquay Cadet Nursing Division was held prior to that of th e Nursing Division on October 25th. Drill and Practical First Aid and Home Nursing tests were carried out in a very efficient manner by eve r y Cadet.

The Lady County Officer gave a short address on the ·White Cross) and impressed the Cadets with the importance of the honour and responsibility resting upon them when they were wearing their uniform and the Eight-pointed Cross vVith the object of encouraging recruiting among them, she offered a prize for the Cadet obtaining the greatest number of new members during the n ext year.

Lady Cadet Superintendent Miss Birbeck was in charge of the Division.

ANNU,\L I i\'SPECTIOi\' Of' URSING DI\ ISIOi\'S Ii\' PLYi\lOUTII AREA.

On October 31st the Plymouth Area Nursing and Cadet Nursing Divisions were inspected by the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief) Lady Perrott, RRC. The inspection was held at the Town Hall, Stonehouse, and at an early hour was filled to its utmost capacity by prominent citizens and others wishing to pay a tribute to the work of the Nursing Divisions in the area. The hall had been tastefully decorated by the Stonehouse Ambulance Division, under the capable direction of Divisional Superintendent E. G. Hackworthy. Inspection arrangements were made by Lady County Officer Balsdon. At 7.30 the bugles sounded the arrival of the Mayor and Mayoress) the orchestra played the National Anthem, and the Mayor and IVIayoress took their places on the platform among other notable visitors keenly in the ambulance movement. These included Lady Josephine Humphreys (President of the Plymouth Central Nursing Division), Sir Frederick vVinnicott) Mrs. A. E, Berlyn (Vice-President of the same Division)) Miss Alice Dickson (Matron of the South Devon and East Cornwall Hospital)) 1\1rs. H. V Miller) and many others one would like to mention individually if space permitted

A diminutive Cadet, in uniform and looking exceedingly proud, then presented the Mayoress with a bouquet of pink carnations.

The buglers then sounded the sa lu te, and the Lady Superintendent-in-Chid arrived with her daughter. Lady Perrott then walked through the ranks and inspected uniforms. This was followed by the march-past of Nursing Diyisions under the direction of County Officer T. D. Perkins, followed by the Cadet Nursing Divisions under the direction of County Sergeant P. Hockings.

An inspection of Practical First Aid and Home N ursing followed, tests Leing set by the Lady Superintendentin-Chief, assisted by County Surgeon Col. J. P StephensWard, and County Surgeon B. Venn Dunn (Torquay).

Lady Perrott prefaced her remarks by a short account of the history of the order, and expressed her pleasure at the standard of work and also the growth of the ambul ance monment in Devon. It gave her deright to testify to the splendid work done by Commissioner H. -. l\Iiller and T. / County Commissioner T. Pengelly and Lady County Officer Balsdol1.

"

Vi e have been given to understand that indoor cap:m:l3t not be worn by Nursing Members of the Brigade (··n duty) except at hospitals. I was very much astonished. when attending the performance of the 'Rebe l Maid' at the Scala Theatre on November 1st) to see that the Ambulance Sisters were wearing caps, especially as it was a ( S.J.A.B. night,' and many of the chief officers were expected to be present. Nor was my astonishment

TORQUAY NUR SI NG DIVI SION.-Th e Annual Inspection was h e ld by Mrs. Balsdon (L.CO.) at the Drill Hall , Tor quay, o n October 25th The Division p a raded under the comma nd of Lady Divisional Superintendent Miss Col lihole and Dr. P A. McCallum. Tests in Fir st Aid and Home Nursing were performed in a most satisfactory man ner. The L ady County Officer exp ress ed pleasure at the numb er of members on parade, and at t he way in wh ich the Division were carryin g on in the face of great diffi culty. As in the case of Babbacombe, they were han dicapp ed for want of suitable h eadq uart ers) and she hoped the Divisional members would make it a personal matte r , and commence a fund with the idea of ultimat e ly securing suitable accommodation.

The Division were doing valuable work at the New Ort h opced ic Clinic. The n eed for all Di v ision a l m embe rs becom ing V.A.D .'s was emphasised . It would be one step towa rd a more ef-6cient service in Torquay if this could be accomplished during the coming session.

The Mayor eulogised the work of the Plymouth and District Ambulance Sen-ice) which had been so much in ev id ence d urin g his year of office. Although he be soon r elinquishing hi s office as Mayor of. the lt would give him great pleasure to help the Bngade 111 any way possible on any occasion .

Lady Perrott was then presented with a bouquet of ros es by one of the cadets) and Miss Perrott was with an illustrated book of Devon from the urs111g Cadets of Plymouth.

In proposing a vote of to the L.ady Supenntendent, the Co unty CommlsslOner apologIsed for the

BABBACOMBE AND ST. MARY CIIURCII N URS I NG DIVI SIOi\'.

absence of Commissioner H. V M iller, who was c arrying out inspections at another part of the county. Lady County Officer Mrs. Balsdon seconded the vote of thanks. Sir Frederick Winnicott proposed a vote of thanks to the Mayor and Mayoress, and this was seconded by Corps Officer F, Mardon (Hon, Treasurer Plymouth Ambulance Service). , .

A special feature of mspectlOI?- was a stall ?f exhibits by the Cadets. Mll11ature hospItals, 111 every detail, dolls bandaged to illustrate the kmds of fractures in the Preliminary Text Book, tnangu l ar and roller Bandaging, and many dolls dressed in reg ul ation Cadet uniform, anatomical drawings, and the cups ,:,",on in the district competitions for Cadets were also o? VIew.

This work was examined by Her Royal HIghnes!3

Princess Mary when she opened the Juvenile Organisations Council Exhibition at the Guildhall in Ju ly. The work exhibited called forth high praise Irom the royal visitor on that occasion.

The Nursing Divisions on parade were P l ymouth Co-operative, Devonport, Sherwe ll , F<;Hd, mouth Central, and the follow1l1g Cadet Nurs1l1g D IVIsions: Ford, Devonport, Sherwell, Plymouth Central, Friary, Saltash.

The following testimonial was received recently by the Devon County Commissioner regarding' the services of a Plymouth Ambulance Sister:Sir,

During her last illness my late wife was attended by one of your staff.

All my relatives and I wish to express our sincere appreciation of her most valuable assistance.

The untiring efforts rendered with marked ability and cheerful personality-persistent to the end-were an invaluable comfort to my wife and a great relief to the family. In the future we shall consider ourselves included in the many who are extremely grateful and very proud to remember association with an institution which is so deservedly admirec1, and we sincerely hope that the standard of excellence so ably typified by your nurse will be maintained for all time

I am, Sir, Yours faithfully, (Sd.)

ILems news and competition', social, i nteresting dULies, lectu res, etc" for this page should be se n t to Ambula nce Sis:er, c/o The Editor, FIR>T AID, 46, Cannon S'., L ondon , E. C.4·

The 13th International Red Cross Conference, presided o\,er by Prince Henry of the 1 etherIands, concluded at The Hague on October 28th last after a session lasting fi"e days. The 1110st important decision ""as the creation of a supreme Red Cross authority. By this decision, dual control in the Red Cross mo\'ement will be virtually ended, and the International Conference will stand as the supreme Red Cross authority abo\'e the organisations in Gene\'a and Pari.

Goldthorpe is parting with one of its best social workers ill I r. ] Bolderson, \"ho with his son is leaving for Amer ica "\1 1'. Bolderson has been a pioneer in am.bulance work, and has filled thc officc of acting -adjutant. He rcceivcd a go ld watch as a part i ng gift, and h is son was given a go l d wristlet "vatch. Both of them hope to take up amb u lance work \"hen they reach the other side-if not in the States at a n y rate in Canada, which is only seven miles beyond Detroit, the city for which they are bound.

and J\nswet's to eot't'espondents.

Q ueries will be d ealt with un de r h e fo ll ow ing rules:-

1. -Letlen co n taining Q ueries must b e rr arked on the lop left hand co rn e r of he enve ope" Query," and ad d resse d-FIRST AID , 46 , Ca n no n -st reet, Londo n E , C .4

2. - A ll Que ries mmt te accompanied by a "Que ry Co u pon" cU L from the current issue of the J(lurnal, o r in case o f Que ri es fr um ab road, from a rece n t issue

3.-T he T ext b ook, to which refe: ence m:>y be made in columns is th e 36th (1920) E dit on of S J. A A. M anual of First Aid.

FRACTURED SCAPULA A D DISLOCATE[) SIIOULDEH.

N. B (Bethnal Green).- I n a recent test we had to treat a man s u ffering from Simp le Fracture of Scapu la and Di s location of Shou lder, both injuries on same sick. Vie treated him by supporting upper limb in large arlllsling: but, as there was some difference of opinion, wu submit the point for your decision.

Much depends on position of upper limb. You will probably find that it will suffice to treat this combination of injuries as for Fractured Scapula as laid down in Textbook except that before applying the St. J ohn Sling it will be necessary to ti ll up with padding the gap between upper lil1lb and trunk whereby weight will be taken off the injured shoulder gird e -N CORBET FLETCIIER,

EXAMINATION HOWLEH.

L. R. (Coombe Park).-In a r ecenl examination a candidate was asked what a hernia was. Hc rcplied: ".-1 Pi 0irusion of the bowel from the stomach.l" We decided that we really must send the story to FIRST AID and you.

Good! Next please! !-N.C.F.

C,\CSATJON OF TIlRUSIl.

D, 1\1. (Newcastle) - I was interested in the ans\\,ur lo tluery of above title published in October issue of FIRST AJll but have to point out that you did not write about the treatment of this condition. Was the omission intentional?

Certa i nly it ,\'as! The lreatment of Thrush is beyond the scope of First Aid which deals only with accidents and sudden ill n ess -N. C. F.

HUMOURS OF FIRST AID.

E. R. ( vVaterloo) -I send you a cutting frolll a DO\ cr ncw!:>paper and would ask you to read the p,trag-mph which states that a special prize was given to two First Aiders " for being insirlt1JZental z'n saving a comrade's lije by se've l ing hl's leg artery." Is it not 10\'ely?

It is! P lease accept our thank::. for the c u lting and ::.eml us anothE'r soon.-N.C.F.

T REATMENT OF H EAD INJURIES

November, 1 9 28 -:-FIRST

Lhe J1:outh is not so I:otent as app lication of Smelling- Salts to nO!:>.tnls. Sal yo l.Htde may, therefore, bc given to such pat ents where 11lclJcatcd and prov ided that they are conscious and able lo swallow. - N.C.F, THExrMENT UF FR ,\CTL I{ED S rER;\fUl\!.

1\1. 1'. (CarclifT). - The Textbook (p. 55) warns LIS with of. SterJ:um to "keep patient quiet in easy position until arrival of doctor." Please explain this \'ague buL detLnitc in!:>truction.

Fracture of Sternum IS usua ly the resu lt of direct Co.nseguently it may be accompanied by::.crious 1I1lernal lllJunes and perhaps by fracture -dislocation of spinu. Hence the Textbook warning.-N.C.F.

FR J\CTURED FEMUR AND ABDOMINAL WOUl\D, E. H (Chesterfield). - At a recent practice we had to treat a paticnt who was supposed to be suffering from Simple Fracture of Femur with \ 'el-tical wound of abdominal wall, bowcls protruding. Somc of us favoured omission of splillt!:> anc.llrealillent by raising head and shoulders and supporting' thighs on roll of clothing. Others, regarding the limb injury as the more serious of the two, trcated the fractured thigh laid down in thc Textbook. Plea c tell us which you consider the best method of treatment.

The key to your abstruse problem is the condition of the protruding bO\\'el and the prescnce or absence of sickness s uggesti\'c of pressure on and possibly strangulation of howel (See Textbook under" Hernia" p. 121) vVith such e,nnbinati?n of injuries, howc\'er, the patienl will certainly he suffering from profound Shock; and probably his a bdominal muscles will be so lax that they will be little likely t o cause strangulation of bowel. In most cases, therefore, it " 'ill be sufficienl to treat the Fracturcd Thigh as set out in T extbook (p. 63) and to be content with protection of a bdominal wound as on p. 118. It, however, symptoms of s trangulation of bowel are present or threaten, I consider t hat First Aiders will be wise, if doctor cannot be brought q uickly to place of emergency, to remove patient as for F ractured Spine as rapidly as is consistent with lJre\'ention of furt!wr aggravation of injuries.-N.C.F.

I)OSITT01\' OF BEA RERS.

E II. (Che!:>terfield). - In Competition work what is a good rule as to placing Bearers on right or left of patient during examination, a!:> usually there are a good many points allotted for the best wa\'?

You !:>tale facts which are beyond Ill) knowledge. In a Competition marks are more likely to be gi\'en for effIciency of methods than for position of Bearers.-N,C.F .

Col. Stuart Sankey appeals to the banks, insurance compa nies, and other large employer!:> in the City of London to e ncourage thcir eillployees to form some men's V -\ D Dctachmcnls. The women of the City ha\'e responded well, , Ll1el there arc cight Detachments already regislered ; but, in s pite of the powerful appeal by the Lord layor last year, the is sli ll without a single Detachment of men.

QU

AND

UNIFORMS, HEADD RESSES - and ACC OUTREME NTS

All enq rur e 8 1.0-

DIVISIONAL

SUPERINTENDENTS (male and female ) send ! d. addressed envelope for particulars of my speciality.-A. W. Lunn, 18, Rillbank - street , Leeds.

F. S. (Bristol).-In you r very instructive and interesting Why and vVherefore in Fint Aid you say that Sme lli ng Sa lts should be withhe ld with Head I njuries because they may precip itate Compress ion of the Bra i n Will you p lease te ll me if Sal Vo lati lc should a lso be withheld in se\'erc cases of Concussion for the same rcason ?

Sn'lell ing Sa lts stimu late by direct, Sa l Volatile by indirect act on Conseq u e n tly, a d min st r ation of the latter by

November, 1928. -FIRST AID.-

otnmmrrrial tlninn J\ssuranrr

otnmpanl1 Jimitrb

(Official Insurance Company to the St. John Ambulance Brigade).

Collecti v e Policies issued cr rantin cr substantial compensation to enrolled members of a Unit of the Johnt:> Ambulance Brigade in the event of :-

DEATH OR LOSS OF LIMBS

TEMPORARY TOTAL DISABLEMENT

TEl\IPORARY PARTIAL DISABLEMENT

PERMANENT TOTAL DISABLEMENT ari s in g from accident during performance of Ambulance Duty, and in addition :LOSS OF 'VAGES AND / OR OUT-OF-POCKET EXPENSES UP TO £5 in cases where Members are Officially required to give e vidence followin g upon an Accident. Premium 1/- per Member based on the total membership of the Unit.

T emporary H ead Office:

ADELAIDE HOUSE, KING WILLIAM ST., E.C·4·

SURCICAL EQUIPMENT.

"STERAID (Regd.) series ot absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original depalture in packing SurgIcal DreBsings. The dress· ings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only the quan· tity 01 gauze I)r lint required; atter cutting this off, rotate the Can· tainer in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from ex· posure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded the Certificate 0/ the Institute of Hygiene.)

All Dressings are of GUARANTEED BRITISH MANU FACTURE.

"SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving soiled dressings, oanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing spring-, wilhout beine: handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and our. "ZORBO" (Regd.) JACKETS; SANITARY TOWELS; "VALENDA" DEODORANT; "FIRST.AID" (Reg.) DISIN FECTANT SOAP; all cl,,-sses ot FIRST·AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Rectuirements.

SEND FOR PRICE LISTS:BAILEY & SON, Ltd.

STREET MILLS, and at 331.

Smapt Unifopm-Is Essential

TO ALL DIVISIONS OF THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE.

We have made a specu:dlty of S.J .A.B. UNIFORMS for over 20 years and are fully conversant -w-ith all its requirements, both -w-ith regards to design and regulations, and also the -w-earing qualities of the material.

Here are a Few Examplt:! ut the Splend.lli Value we offer: Rank II File Tunics II Trousers £2 and £2 -7 -6

" Greatcoats (Grey Frieze) £2

"

., Trousers (Btack Vicuna II White Piping) 16/6 and 12/6

" "Raversacs (White Duck) 2/3

Ambulance Nurses Coats (All Wool Grey Serge) 37/6

Dfflcc's' Uniforms, Caps, Sam Browne Belis, Belts and Pouches, Gloves Chevrons, etc., Ht v Hy reasodable prices.

All Uniforms to Customers' Own MeasJ1rel11en g and strictly to Regulation. Send P.C. for Patterns, Price List and Measurement Form.

THORNTON & co., Tailors and Uniform Makers, st., BRIGHOUSE, TlIILRPHONB No. 281. YORKS.

A VERY serviceable vehicle, built on the famous Austin Twenty chassis, and coachbuilt in first class style. The interior. white ... enamelled and with linoleum or rubber tiled floor covering, accommodates two stretcher and four sitting cases with attendant. Five crank shaft ensure maximum length of service and the smoothest possible running. Four speeds and reverse, with four wheel brakes. Write for com plete particulars.

THE AUSTIN MOTOR CO., Ltd., LONGBRIDGE, BIRMINGHAM. London Showrooms:479-483, OXFORD STREET, W.L, and HOLLAND PARK HALL, W.I r.

AMBULANCE

PRICE at Works

4-cyl . .£ 610 6-cyl . .£ 710

90 Public Bodies use Austin Vehicles

One thing leads to another

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If you know something of Massage LEARN JOINT MANIPULATIONS

The SMAE Institute caters for all. You may learn any particular subject you wish or you may take the complete course

Write now stating what you wish to learn and you will receive full; particulars by return of post.

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J. A. WYLIE &

Wholesale Wlakers of

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suitable for

CO.,

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SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL. No. 77Bronze, 3/- Sliver, 4/6; Sliver, (lold Centre, 6/9. Original Designs and QuotatIons post free. Wholesale Prioes to all "FIRST AID" SOCIETIEI. Contractors to H.M. Ministry of Munitions, Russian Government, &c.

London Showroom62. HOLBORN VIADUCT. E.C. Telephone-840 Cltv.

By

The Best and Safest SKIN GERMICIDE

An Aseptic charms the Agent that Practitioner

Free test supply on application.

The advantages attending the use of the Aseptic Dressing, in hospital and domest.lc are now almost too well known to need recapitulation.

Since the introduction of this remarkable agen.t it has been put to the test by medical men and nurses In every part of the country. l.t has proved itself thoroughly efficient as a skID bactenclde and stenllzer and powerful healer.

An added charm a"scciated with its use is s.oo.thing effect in the case of inflammatory pain, or \0 Irritable conditions of the skin. For the treatment of children's skin complaints It IS unequalled, because It does. away with the tendency on the part of the young patient to scratch, and so spre"d or aggrevate the trouble.

Mechanically GERMOLENE is perfect, and its appearance and have gained it high encomiums from doctors and (hemists. Milled to microscopic fineness, ingredients are held in a base spreads with ease, does away WIth .messmess, a!ld whIch, when massaged, sinks straight IOta the skm. pores. Bandages may be prepared with the absolute mmlmum of delay and trouble, and slight heat reduces the dressing to the consistency of cream.

The manufacturers will be delighted to send a generous gratis trial sample to members of the medical and to nurses and hospital officials who enclose thelT profeSSIonal cards.

SOOTHES AT A TOUCH

A I D.-

MAN U ALS OF D, &C.,

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Fifth Edition. Post free, lid

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CoL CaMtil' a1t tlllroa.ftlchO" a1&d Wtl ,"ao.-S' Jtu ROon opuuo" 0/ t.lu book."-LANcBT.

:l108 TO HOME-NUHSI"'O. Third Edluon Price IS.

10 IUDd" IreatmeDt aDd BlamlDatloll 501'h,1l lor 1tod,er s " Witlr.ollt do ht llu 6"" willi" 01 p,o.t u..-v,e' '" ,A, ° , ou ° wlto it is d.rig d."-BRll"lSri MEDICAL JOVKNAI..

OOMMON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID.

II. net: post Errors In Plrst·Ald Detailed IIod Blplltloou.

1 Itis book gi,,.! a c/'tlr,r insight into ttfilt.e g" [)' treatment by laymu. than the 0 cza 00 s

AMBULANCE COMPETITIOr. TESTS

(Stretcher, lndivid.ual and Ea<;h. T:am in Competition Room; No. 3, C:r: '; NO.4, Further Errors in ; NO.5, History 0 PCompetition Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID. Fifth Edition. Price II. :Jd •• post free

Dlfflcnltles Ie Study and Treatment lIy Questloo aod 'w. com .,.d ltis book to L,et",...,..! a1la "" tiI /J ",An ""II Il"d.l oj r IIfflill. "-FIRST A.

HINTS FOR HOSPITAL

Post fr-e, 8d Ordtrly Dotles !!Jmplllled Il DIl TdboJatfd, wltb ,4 ."ost compact brocJtllr• • co tat s e;, "'/0

FIRST AID. lllustrated by 50 diNagrTaLih inK Letterpress. By Sir JAMES CA , , C.M., F.R.C.S., D.P.H.R.C.P. 7id. net; post free.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES.

M ted on Canvas Rolier top and hottom. 2 J s net each. Post, 15. oun f'. front view. 3. Human Skeleton

I. Human Skeleton, 2. Heart and principal Blood Vessels. back view 4· Musc es, d aXbd'ew. (A)' 7 Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen

6. Viscera C?f the aChest a°;IeAbdo'men' (C). 9. Viscera of the <;hest !lnd (B). 8. VIscera of e N System Schematic diagram of Clrculallon Abdomen (D). IE: e eTv;uk an Eye J4. Median Section through Skin.

12. The Human aT. MedianuSection Head.

LIFE SIZE

Male or Female. 638. net each. Ca rnage, 2S.

fh J. M, CARVBLL.

FIRST AID IN FEW WORDS. (r60th Ihonsand) With Coloured Diagrams. 12pp. Cloth, 6d. paper.

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HOW"RD M PRBSTON D.mo,ut 10 tlu PolytlClt ic

Oy E THIAlunjLAR BANDAgE: Price Is. net ;,postage, 2d TH It s Appl icat ion Accurately Described by Words and lIO Diagrams.

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EDITORIAL.

THE movement for instructing FIRST AID IN the young in the principles of SCHOOLS. "first aiel to the injured " appears to come in for criticism in some quarters ,Ve should I ike to say at once that in the best of all possible worlds it is a training which would not be necessary for young or old and we fully appreciate that in some of its aspects it hardly seems entirely suitable for the very young idea whilst: at most, the instruction shou ld consist almost as much of the "don'ts" of the subject as of the " dos."

Those of us who were privileged to be born in the latter part of the nineteenth century may have some difficulty in gett in g the viewpoint of the child of to-day and that perhaps accounts for some of the criticism. Since we were children ourselves there has been something of a speeding up, and scientific development has been so rapid that the modern child's vie w of the wonderful world in which it finds itself must be vastly different from what our own was as chi ldr en. The child of to-day takes the speeding motor car and flying machine much as we regarded the hansom cab and" safety" bicycle In our days the roads were comparatively safe. To-day they are not safe and every year they a re getting less safe.

Then again ideas aboul sport and games have changed. Young girls of forty years ago used to be taken for a sedate walk by the school -marm. To -day they play organ ised games including cr icket, football, and hockey and arc the better for it. Their lives are fuller, but the times in which they 1ive and the risks of i nj ury have increased so that it seems only reasonable that they should be tauO'ht somethinO' of what to do and what not to clo <::> <::> 111 times of emergency.

That there is some appreciation of this need is

found In the existence of a curriculum of first aid tra1J1l11g for scouts, guides, and others, as well as in the advent of Cadet Companies of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. This is all to the good, but IS it enough?

I t is perhaps a platitude nOlyadays to say that our highways are dangerous, but what is more alarming IS their tendency to become more dangerous year by year. ,Ve should surely be wanting in com mon humanity if, realising this, ,ye did nothing to equip those who are growing up around us to do what is necessary to safeguard life and limb when accidents oyertake them or others.

,Vh ether the youngster of to-day is happier than his father was at his age is a subject for philosohpic discussion, but few will join issue with the assertion that modern boys and girls find themselves in a fuller and more complex world and if they are to be adequately prepared to meet the risks and difficulties of life as we know it to-day, or as it may be tomorrow, they will require a somewhat different training to that which their parents recei,'ed.

,Ve should be the last to suggest that the full course of first aid instruction is suitable for quite young children, or equally suitable to youngsters of either sex, but what we do say is that a little elementarv instruction in both safety (on the roads, etc.) and- first aid, in addition to whetting of appetites for further study of the subjects at a later stag-e, may pro\re invaluable in safeguarding our country's -most valuable asset and richest heritage - its children.

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The Editor would be pleased if notes re peeling. competitions, or other ncws for publication, could reach 111.111 by the 10th of the month at the latest. Last month gUlte a bud"'ct camc in just as we had lef t for press, consequently items wcrc omittcd from OLlr November number.

The \.\-ork of the Sheffield Victoria District Nul' ing ,..\ssaciation ha developed to such an that at the present time a starf of 22 nul' c and a are employed. La t year the ca es I1U J1l bered /,298, and 110 fewer than 73,905 \'isits were paid til the homes of ick people.

80I'JS It DAflleLSSON, Ltd •• Tttellfteld Bt!pet'lt London, W.l

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THE" First Aid" l\Iarking Sheet Library is going strong. \Ve are pleased to say that orders are sti II coming in fast, which fact is evidence that a usefu I purpose is being served. We are prepared, however, to print still larger numbers and would urge those who have not yet registered their names, to do so without delay to " FIRST AID," 46, Cannonstreet, E.C.+, so· as to ha, -e the advantage of practice during the winter months.

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Helpers in Hygiene. *

By ANDREW BALFOUR, C.B., C.M.G., M.D. Director, London Sclzool if I-ij'l{ielte and Tropl-cal llIedicine

(Concluded j1'01Jl page II';)_

Sickness in relation to its cost in industry formed the title of an interesting paper by G. F. McArthur, the chief Lady \Velfare Superintenden t of the London Iidland and Scottish Railway Company. She quotes statistics issued by the l\linistry of Health to show that, in 1926, there were 15,000,000 cases of individual sickness drawing benefits under the National Insurance Act, and that 27,000,000 weeks of working time were lost owing to illness, much of it, remember, if not most of it, preventable. The loss of wages to the workers is estimated roughly at a minimum of '£30,000.000, and this means a corresponding loss to the nation in spending power. There remains the loss to production faintly reflected, as she puts it, in the 27,000,000 weeks of lost working time. Approximate though they admittedly are, these figures are probably under than above the mark. and they should give one furiously to think. It must be clear that money spent in diminishing this drain is money well spent, and, as a matter of fact, a comparatively small expenditure will bring about a great reward and in two directions. As l\IcArthur ,vell says: " If every industry would examine its sickness cost with the samc thoroughness as it examines its manufacturinod & costs, an With the same motive of reduction the result would not only be to bring dOv"n the' prchealth i,nsurance but to bring peace 111 ll1dustry many milestones nearer its longed-for fulfilment."

Professor Collis, quoted by Dr. Deardon, is even more emphatic on the "savings" qucstion. He considers that medical science, properly applied

* An Address deli vered under the auspices of the Isle of Man Red Cross Society at the conclusion of Health Week March 4th, 1928.

December, 1928.

to British industry, would result in an annual saving in labour turnover of 60,000,000 to 70,000,000 sterling, in lost time of 50,000,000 to 60,000,000, in industrial convalescence of many millions more, and that to assess the total savi ng at '£140,000,000 a year would be quite reasonable and well within the range of possibilities.

Lastly, for figures are apt to become wearisome, let me refer to an act of great sign ificance. Insurance companies know the value of money and are careful about their investments. The American has never been accused of lack of appreciation of the dollar. Yet we find an American company, the l\Ietropolitan Life Insurance, generously supporting public health work in Canada and the United States. \Vhy? Because it IS good business.

There is another aspect to this financial question which strengthens the argu ment that h ygienic methods pay. In the absence of adequate preventive employers of labour may have to com pensate thei r workpeople. Not very long ago, the widow of a coal miner in Scotland obtained compensation because it was shown that her husband had died of a disease called infectious jaundice, and that he had become infected in the pit from a rat or rats harbouring the parasite of that disease.

\Vith all these facts and figures before us what are the investments which can safely be recommended to the inhabitants of this island?

From a study of statistics and from information kindly supplied, it is clear that anti-tuberculosis gilt-cdged stock, if it can be secured, would yield good returns. \VeIl, it can be got if, at the same time, YOLl take some ordinary tcmperance, I don't say teetotal, shares, and secure also some housing debentures. I call these dcbcnturcs bccause money put into good houses and devoted to lcssening overcrowding may well result in a repayment of principal in addition to interest.

Segregation cumulative preferencc shares may be commended. In other words, put money into an hospital where communicable disease can be received and the danger of spread of i nfectiol1 thereby lessened. You may see little or no result one year, but the time will come when this investment will prove a boon and a blessing.

Milk bonds are indicated, for there is much need for the consum ption of more m ilk, and such milk should be pure and cheap.

Douglas has already put money into what we may call ordinary water shares with the ordinary result, which at one time would have been looked upon as extraordinary, that typhoid fever has been abolished. It still, however, lingers in the other districts, and so anti-typhoid stock is indicated for purchase. It is, as has been hinted, of differen t kinds.

Finally, funds may well be devoted to obtain-

Decem bel', 1928. FIRST ing education trustce securities, another o-ilt-edged stock. Making yourself trustees for public health propaganda, you can put moncy into this type of investment without being liable for depreciation. In any case, there should be no depreciation, nor should any of these ventures fail. The Isle of Man is favoured in many ways. It IS comparatively isolated during part of year, and isolation in health mattcrs has its advantages. Its climate has much to commend it. It enjoys a fair measure of prosperity, and yet is free from the graver industrial. problems. It is interested economically in keep1l1g healthy, for it derives much of its revenue from its visitors, and typhoid and tourists are incompatible.

Its death-rate, 14'6 per 1,000 in 1926, is a fairly respectable figure, and is less than its birthinfant mortality is not very high and is Improvlllg. Altogether it would appear that the Isle of Man, starting, it is hoped on a new race for health, has an excellent handicap. There really seems no reason why it should not achieve a record. It would be a proud boast in years to come if this little island could wrest the laurel wreath from another island, from New Zealand, which has a lready achieved several records and is all out to make others. It is worth trying, for everyone benefits in the process, except perhaps undertake rs, sextons, and the proprietors of cemeteries an d crematoria, and, after all, these good folk can never be quite ruined, for all must, in the long run, die. The great thing, however, is to die as we are meant .to die, peacefully at a good ol d age, and to live as we are meant to live, healthily with sound minds in sound bodies.

You may have heard of the old parson in the Clyde estuary, who was wont to pray for the grea ter and lesser Cum braes and the adjacen t isla nds of Great Britain and Ireland. Let us pray that the people of the Isle of and its adjacent is lands will devote themselves more and more serious ly to the pursuit of health and the prevention of damage and disease, remembering the stirring words of a great poet : " 1\10n, 1:1)" brothers, l1len the workers, e \-er reaping somethIng- IW\\" ; That whi c h thcy h a \ c don e but earnest of the t hing s that thcy s hall do."

Th e fact that the London CountY4 Council have a uthorIsed the building of yet another ambulance stat ion i sig nificant and indicative of th e alarming increase in road acc ident s in the Metropolis. In 1929 there will be fourtecn ambulance stations in the L.C.C. area, which COl11p;'lres ,,-ith six station in 1919-an increa e of 130 per cent. in a s ingl e decade. For the seven month s of 1928, co mmencing in \pril, there were 28,000 calls on the sen-ice, or an a\'erage ot -+,000 per month; whereas the calls for 1927 a"er.lgecl 3,+17. Thc new station authorised is to be equipped with two motor , -e hiclcs. Thel-e is onl/ one other two-vehicle station-

Insensibility.

By JAMES HOSSACK, F.R.C.S.

(Concluded from page I16),

There are other poisons that have definite but.r must refer you to your book. Strychl11ne, for 1l1stance, will make the limbs and back so stiff and hard that you will scarcely be able to bend them.

There are others, such as arsenic carbolic toad stools, berries of all kinds child ren' eat, donna, etc., etc., that would need a whole article for themselves.

Tastz·ng. Pcrhaps this is one of the senses you had better not apply, for if you have gone systematically, as I have sketched you won't need to. By now, you will have a pretty accurate and complete knowledge of the case and all its bearings, and if you apply your remedies, you won't be far out.

Let me give you one concrete case to show you the possibilities of an cxamination done in a sloppy way, but in a way you may be pleased to thin k well done.

Then let us go one further, and show you what you ought to have found, but for the want of method and system you missed, and actually was found, as a result of a systematic overhaul.

You find a man lying insensible by the road side. You note footprints all mixed up in the dust, suggesting a scuffle.

His breath smells of whisky, and there is a bottle sticking out his pocket labelled whisky. He has a black eye, and there is blood about his mouth, nose and ear.

He is snorting and snoring. His eyes are closed, his face red and flushed. He is about 69 years old, and has not shavcd for two days, is rather dirty and shabby, and apparently drunk, and been fighting.

You run over his lim bs. There are no broken bones, so you get the pol icc to hclp, and tell them to take him to the police station for his own safety. All plain and above board. A perfectly simple case! !

Let US see after a proper examination.

The police surgeon cxamines him, and he finds what you would have found had you taken the trouble to examine him, and not jumped to hasty conclusions.

His pupils are unequal. The blood is from the nose, but had run down on to his mouth and ear. On wiping this away he found a graze on the nose with bits of road grit sticki n o' to it.

His breath smells of whisky, but the bottle contains the remains of a little cold tea.

His black cye was dirty from his work, and was wiped away with a little swab of cottonwool.

There \\'as no broken bones, but one side is para lysed.

On enquiry h e is found to be a perfect l y respectable, hard-working man, going home from his day's work.

He had felt eedy, and although a teetota ll er had called at an inn for a li ttle whisky to help him . IIence the smell.

His bottle was filled by his wife that morning \I'ith cold tea for his midday dinner when at ,,·ork.

He had had an apoI leetic seizure, and in fa Iling had hit his no e, grazing the skin as well as making it bleed. The road grit remaining on the graze showed that .

Here then is a case where at a first g lance wrong impressions are got, a lightning diagnosis

t ions systemat ic a ll y, and yo u will find it far eas ier; and far more ce r tai n in resu lt s, th a n if yo u go haphazard.

Do not divorce from you r 111 i nd the possibility always of two injuri es in any case, espec ia ll y suic id e attempts

These poor people are somet im es very determined in thei r efforts to take their li ves, and to make sure take l")oison as well as well as hang themselves or drown themselves. So be on the watch for a ll possi ble condit ions, and don't be content because you have found, say, a simp le fr actu re of the tibia. Continue with your examination

LasLl y, from personal exper ience Never put your hands into a pat ie n t's pockets to find o ut hi s name and address. Leave that to the po li ce Keep your hands 1 n you I' own pockets.

I had a case n ot long ago where a First Aider did this with the best intentions in the world.

\ Vhen the patient recovered consciousness, a treasury note was missing, and the Frst A id er was suspected

I knew him to be beyond reproach. Neverthe less, he won't do it again; and my advice is, don't you either. Ferb sap

Vital First Aid.

A RES1DENT of Shepherd's Bush, London, recently rendered highly successful First Aid by submill in g himself for two transfusions of blood to save his new-born daughter, whose life was despaired of.

December, 1928. FIRST

Brzgade Reports.

No. I (Prince of Wales') District.

AMALGAMATIO. OF Nos. I , 2, 8 AND 11 DISTRICTS.The changes will operate in the St. J ohn Am bula.nce Bngade as from January 1st, consequent upon the reslgnatlOn of the Commissioner of No 8 District (Docto r A. V. Davies, O.B.E., M P.) :No. 11 district (Southern Railway) will be amalgamate d with os. I , 2 and 8 Districts. Mr. E. A. Com.mi.ssioner No; 11 been app01l1ted Commissloner of No. 8 DIstnct, VIce Doctor A. V. Davies, resigned OFFICERS' DINI\'ER AND DANcE.-The officers of this district held their annual dinner and dance at the Hotel Great Central, London, XW .1 on Saturday, D ecember 1st last, F. A. M.D. Knight of Grace, t.he CommISSIoner of the district, presided and was su pported by Major-Gen. Sir Percival Wilkinson, K.Cl\1 G., CR, Chief Commissioner Major Hossock l\Iayo r of Ipswich and commissioner' o. 10 District', W. I-laney Reeycs, Esq., O RE., J.P., Commissioner No. 3 District, Dr. C. J. R. 1\IacFadden, O.B.E., and Dr. N. Cor bet Fletcher, :\LA., Assistant Commissioners of lhe district, in addition to many other notable officers of the Br igade.

After an exce ll ent repast had receiyed ample justice r0111 the large company and the lo ya l toasts honoured, Dr. C J. R. MacFadden proposed the toast of (, The Visito rs," first r eg;retLing: the inability of Lord Byn o· and othe r notable 'people to be present, and then 11l a hUJllorous strain to say nice thino·s about many of the yisitors present, finally coupling with the toa t the names of l\[ajor l\L Tomlin, O RE Chief Constable.

Police, ancl \V. I-Ian'ey Reeyes, Esq , CommISSIOner o. 3 District.

Col. Brooks was an accomplished chief and a born l eade r.

Replying, CoL Brooks thanked all the previous sp.eak.ers the kmd lhl11gs they had said about No. 1 Dlstnct. Sl11CC January they had made 976 new members, and had enro ll ed 95 cadets, and he hoped that before the end of the year they would have made 1 000 new .m embers The police made repeated calls for ti1eir serVices, both 111 the City and Metropolitan districts and t h ere was ne\'er any difficulty in finding yolunteers He thanked the. officers and staff for their hearty co-operatIOn, remarkl11g, " But ,,"hat would ,ve officers do without the wonderful men and women of the rank and file."

It was a great pleasure to him to see so many brother officers other districts present that enning. It was a good thl11g to have healthy riyalry between Lhe differ e nt districts. He. would draw the attention of all pr esent to the co11ectlOn of Cups and Trophies on show in that room.

Continuing, Co l. Brooks said that as long as he hac! health and trength and enjoyed the confidence of officer, as ,yell as the rank and file, he should be happy to render all the assistance in his power to the S.J.A.R He coulcl not sit clown without a ,yord of thanks' to Capt. Franks, who had arranged for their comfort that eyening . He was a born organiser, as "vas also Capt. Goodley, their public duty officer who had so ablY assisted him. Col. Brooks thanked Sir PerciYal \\'ilkinson for the nice things he had said about him and all the officers aile! company for their hearty support.

The room was then cleared and a long programme of dances thoroug'hly enjoyed.

This depicLs a now I and forciblc way of lcaching firsL aid in schools, which bcgrtn last weck in the GrO\'e -l ane, Birmingham, Elemenytry as lhe of a skelcton being bC<..JueaLhed Lo the Education It will be seen t.hat a scho lar is lying b es id e th e skc leton, while the teacher is makin o· comparisions a nd in str uct in o· the boys ill GlsL aid. This instruction is to be given to boys of 13 and 14-

The baby, though normal at birth, was passing away when 48 hou rs old through hcemorrhage. This action was taken as a l ast resource on medical advice at the years of age. made, and the various signs and symptoms made to fit into the diagnosis. Result a bad howler had a reasonable examinat'ion been made: no mlstake was possible.

Such cases. I am bound to say do not happen often, but one llke the above discounts a hundred good ones.

Your mistakes are talked about and magnified The correct ones are taken as a matter ot by the public, and unless they are entered in the occurrence book, one hears little about them.

Practi.ce what I have said in all your competitIOns, get Into the habit of making your exam in a -

Children's Hospital, Paddington Green T,vo further transfusions from a brotherin-law proved effectua l. The infant, now ten day s old, is progressing satisfac torily towards normal development. This is declared to be a very rare case of success in the exper ience of the IIo sp ital staff, and highly creditab le to a ll concerned.

. Excluding sca l1l en, thc numb er of pe rson s reported killed In Llw course of Lhe ir e mployment during September, 1928 , was 160, as compared v"iLh 179 in tlJ(' previous month, and with 211 in SepLember, 1927. Th e tota l is arrived al as follow.s :- Railway se rvicc s, 13; Il,ine s al1lI quarri es, 71 ; factOries an d worksho[ls, 76.

Replying, l\Iajor Tomlin said the l\Ietropolitan Police sti ll hCld some [riencls, especially the St. John Ambulance Brigaele, who t urnecl out in any weather, wet or fine, !.!:oo d or bad, irrespectiYe of great crowds, etc., to do thei r voluntary duties. The Commissioner of the Police ah, ays spoke fayourably of the S,J.A.B. work, and encourage d members of the force to train in ambulance work, not only for recreCltion, but as part of their work. Also to enter for competitions such as the. National Police Sh ielcl ane! others It was alway human actions that counted. After t.hanking the officers of No.1 Disfor their hospitality he wi heel, not only the distnct, hut the whole Brigade, every prosperity :\1r. W. IIarny R eeves, al 0 r esponding, spoke of 111'; long· association with the Commissioner, Lt.-Col. l!rooks, Clnd congratulated l\Iaj or Hossack upon his electIon as Mayor of Ipswich. After many humorous r emarks, Mr. Reeves said that the willingness ·with which so many provinci al officers journeyed to London each ) car to attend that dinner was eyide n ce of the hi o·h esteem in which t he No. 1 District and its was held throughout the lane1.

Sir Percival 'W ilkinson, Lhe toast of the Prtnce of \Vales' District and the Chairman, said that tIle District had on from streno·th to streno·th so that it now difficult to hold any g r eat ill ' London Without i ts help. As Commissioner he could SeW that his re s pect {or thc Brigade's work was unhounded. No .1 District h ad ovcr 900 recruits, which was an ahsolute r cco rd.

The d istrict was to be congratu l ated upon its officers;

Between the items a Display of Greek i\ational and Character Dances was giyen by Miss Cecily MacFadden and Miss l\1ary Rickman ,,-hich were thoroughly enjoyed. Those of the company ranking as non-dancers t.ook parts ill a whis t driye and some yery nice prizes were awarded to the winners.

SOUTI-IEND.-On Saturday afternoon, Koyember 17th, many mem hers 0 f the Southend Diyision, with others from several London Diyisions, gathered at the London Hospital where Staff Sergeant Harris gayc a lecture on anatomy illustrated with actual specimcn from the hospital school. The amount of interes ti ng and useful information ,, hich Serg'eant Harris contrincl to impart in about an hour and a half ,,"as little short of maryellotls and in particular hi description of the arterial circulation ",as followed with intense interest. He showed him self as much a ma ter of blackboard demonstra tion as an exponent of dissected examples.

No. 2 District.

R\TII.-Th e Bath ambulance 'I'as returning the other night from London, where it had conyeyed a patient, wh en near Reading it came upon the scene of a road smash. A young man and a young ,,"oman lay at the roadside, eac h with a fracture of a leg, and other injuries, and the man ,,·jth seyere concussion as ,yell. The t,,-o were attended and l)andag:ed. and \\hen a doctor and polic e arriyetl. the St. John members from Bath, Serg'eant T. Eng'land and Tursing Sister Trac e y, helped in the remO\ ' el of the illj urecl people to Reading Hospital.

Cheltenham Corps of the St.

FIRST AID 1;\ SCI/OOLS

FIRST

John Ambulance Brigade held its. annual competition the Percy Shewell Challenge ShIeld and .other trophIes at St. Luke's Schools, on Wednesday evenmg, November 14th.

The results. were announced by the Corps Supenn tendent (Rev C. Cousens Petch, l\l.A.), each of the judges gave helpful advice to the competitors, and expressed their surprise. and conE;TatulatlOns on the very high of efficIency. attal11ed.

Follow111g the dlstnbutlOn of trophIes, the AssIstant Commissioner (Dr. Hugh Powell) presented Officer T. H. Read (Divisional Secretary Fnendly Societies Division) with his long service medal.

BUCKs.-The annual meeting of the County Com mittee of the Bucks Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association was held at Aylesbury on Thursday, December 6th. Colonel F. W Pixley, V.D., D.L., who presided, said he had received a letter from the Lord Lieutenant expressing his regret that owing to an important engagement it was not possible for him to attend.

The Hon. Secretary read the report of the ExecutIve Committee for the year 1927-28.

Major Darvil-Smith, the County Commissioner, in the course of his report, stated that five of the motor ambulances loaned to Divisions by the Home Service Ambulance Committee had now been replaced by new and up-to-date cars.

No. 3 District.

STAl'IIFORD.-The Stamford St. John Ambulance Bri gade held its annual church parade to St. Martin's Church on November 25th, where the vicar, the Rev. F. Davenport, who preached, made some stringent comments on the modern craze for speed "The divine gift of life had been bestowed for use, and not for reckless abuse." The new colours of the brigade were dedicated, and afterwards hoisted at the brigade headquarters.

Stamford V.A.D ., for the third successive year, have secured the cup, prcsented by the Countess of Ancaster for the most efficient detachment in South Lincolnshire, anu the trophy thus becomes their own property.

In handing over the cup to the detachment yesterday, when she also distributed certificates and medals, Lady Ancaster eulogised the efficiency and enthusiasm of the Stamford members.

M.\LVERl\'.-On Thursday evening, November 22nd, thc Malvern Division of St. John Ambulance Brigade held their annual whist drive and dance at Glenholme. At the conclusion Dr. Newton gave an account of the work done by the Brigade, and thanked all those who had given prizes and helped to make the gathering such a success.

DUDLEY.-The annual competition among the divisions of Dudl e y Corps of the St John Ambulance Brigade for the Whorton and Christopher Cup, of which the Stourbridge Division were the holders, was held at the Temperance Hall, Brierley Hill, on Saturday afternoon, December 1st. In order that no division should place a picked team in the field, and to test the individual merit of the members of the teams, each division had to enter teams of eight men, of whom five, chosen by ballot, actually competed. It was a condition of entry that in the first p l ace eight men should present themselves to the examiners, but all but two divisions failed to do this. Thus Lye and Tipton Divisions were the only competitors. Each team had a series of cases of wounded men to deal with, a condition being that first-aid should be rendered and the patient got to "hospital" within ten minutes. Following this, the individual members of the two teams underwent an oral examination. Lye Division were de-

A I D. December,'" 1928.

clared the winners with 102 points, and Tipton had 83 points.

NORTIIAMPToN.-On Thursday, November 29th, an enjoyable evening was spent by the cadets of the Northampton Headquarters Division of St. John Ambulanc e Brio'ade who wcre enterta111ed to tea and afterwards t o the Cinema by Dr. and Mrs. Eric Shaw. For t y with Cadct Officer F. Whiting and Cade t Corporals Brown, Clayson, Harris, and Warman, assembled at the headquarters) K111g Street, where tea had been prepared by Mrs. F Whiting, Mrs. Bland, H. Whiting) and :Mrs. Hutch111s. It was Dr. Shaw s 111tention to be present, but un10rtunately he wa? called away from Northampton to attend an urgent medIcal case, and could not get back in time His place was taken by Supt. Edwards who proposed a hearty vote of thank s to Dr. and M/s. Shaw for their kindness to the adi es who had prepared and served the tea, and to Mr. H Wallington, who had sent a bag of sweets for each cadet.

NO.4-District.

PREsToN.-There was a good attendance at the annual meeting in connection with the Preston centre o f the St. John Ambulance Association, held at headquarters, Chapel Walks, on Saturday afternoon, Novemb er 2-+th, Dr. Hugh Riddell presiding.

An encouraging report of the year's work was rea d by 1\1r. Herbert B. Brierley, H.S.B. (Chorley), the honorary secretary.

Colonel C. J. Trimble, in moving a vote of thank s to the chairman, said they were engaged in a great wor k that made a direct appeal to them. The public, to whom they made no organised appeal for help, would be interested to know that the Corps rendered very valuabl e service in road patrol work. In what was known a s o. 4 District, in connection with the Preston centr e, there were some 150 miles of roads almost continuousl y crowded wi t h motor yehicles, and these roads wer e patrolled every week-end and at holiday times in th e summer months.

BLACKBURN.-A meeting of the Blackburn Division of the St J olm Ambulance Brigade was held r ecentl y, \v hen certificates, pcndants and medallions were pr esented. Dr. R. J. Clarke presided, and among those pr esent were the Chief Constable (1\Ir. C. Hodson, O.B.E. ).

The Chief Constable said he had found Mr. Ormerod 's co-operation invaluable in dealing with ambulance work. The way dangerous roads were patrolled, and dealt with in football crowds, was a credit to the town.

NO.5 District.

LEEDs.-The Members of the Leeds Corps had th e privilege of taking part in the Armistice and Remembrance Sunday Parade at Leeds on November 11th. Th ey paraded at the Y.1\I.C.A., Albion Place, at 9.45 a .m. an d " fell in J) by divisions under their respective officers.

A duty party of 28 men and 12 ambulance sister s, under the command of two officers and two N.e.O.' s who marched off for duty round the Cenotaph, To wn Hall Square, and along the route of the procession.

A total of 26 officers, 153 other ranks, and 104 ambulance sisters werc on parade. They moved off, head ed by the Holy Family Brass Band (who very gene rou sl y gave their services)) under the command 01 Corps Supt. W. l\Tarcroft, accompanied by three corps officers and Ex-Corps Supt. Eddison, for servicc at St. J olm's Church where a splendid sermon on "Remembrance J) was given by the Rev. D'Arcy S. Rudd, M.A and the two minutes' silence was reverently obscrved during the service at 11 a.m.

December, 1928. FIRST

DO""C \STER.-Eight teams competed in the final for the Lane-Fox Shield for first - year men arranged by the Yorkshire Co lli eries Ambulance Lcague at Doncaster 011 Saturday, N o\ em ber 2-+th The winners were Grange Ash, a Huddersfield team, with 177 points) two poin t s ahead of Ncw Stubbin

Local interest cen t red in the progress of Fricklcy A," represell t ing the Doncastcr centre, but they had to be content with third po s ition. The test case was of a miner who had been struck across the middle of the back hy a falling pit prop. He was helpless and in great pain. Th e teams were called upon to treat him in fifteen minutcs, place him on a stretcher, and convcy him to hospital.

ROTIlERII.\M. - Therc was a plea ant gathering at the Co-operative Cafe 011 Tuesday night, ovember 27th, under the allspices of the Rotherham Division of the Yorkshire Collieries Ambulancc League, when a complim e ntary dinner was given to thc members of the Silver\Yood Collier No.1 Team, in recognition of their having \\'on the « Wood" Challenge Shield

OTTINCrL\lf.-Illustrated by o\"er 70 lantern slide, a n intercsting lecturc dealing with the ancient history of t h e Order of St. John of Jerusalem was delivered to the m embers and friends 01 the NoLtingham Corps St. John A mbulance Brigade, by 1\11'. F. \Vilson Moulds (Divis ional Supcrintcndent) at the Uninrsity College, Shakel;ea re Street. Nottingham, on Noyember 23rt!.

B \SFORD.-On Tuesday, ovemher 20th , a yery pleasa nt social cYcl1ing' was 5pent by the members of the Ba sford Division , when parents and friends of members \\ e re guests of the evening. A Ycry fine musical pro.l!,TCl1111l1e was rcnc1ered, during \\ hich the Asst. Commiss iclller, A. n. Gihslll1, Esq., in a few remarks, paid a g o wing trihute to the progress made by the division, and emphasised the need of continued road sen ice work. He also an1lounced the promotion to Divisional Superinten dent at \Veller.

Just prior to all illlcn ' al ill the proceedings [or reIl'l's hl11cnts thc Assl. CI)llllllissi()J1er prcsented awards gai ned hy Il1cmhers during' the past) car.

No. 6 District.

SOUTH IfF:TTo;-';.-Sou t h ll e Lton Brigade of the SL J ohn Ambulance Association held their annual prescnta ti o n and social on Saturday night in the Church Hall.

At an interyal, 1\Ir. F. :\l("Dade presiding) 1\1r. J. vV. JCl mieson, agent to the South Helton Coal Company, p r esented awards to the successful students at the recent ex amination by Dr. Gray, of \ l\1est Hartlepool.

1\1IDDLESBROUGH.-The compctition of works teams in the Clcnland District St. John Ambulance Associat io n for the Samuel Shield, the trophy giyen by Sir H e rbert Samuel lor annual competition, took place on Sa turday, December 1st, in Dorman's IIall, Linth?rpe, There were ten entnes, and consldera hle interest was howl1. The j uc1ges wcre Dr. Thompso n of Estoll for oral work, and Dr. Burnett, of a lt{or work. Results: Dock, 187 m a rks' 2 SkinningTove Ironworks "B," 1/1; 3, Tees " A," 167. The Ironm.asters' C up, lor the best stretcher team, apart from. the \\ as won by SkinninoTove Ironworks" B," WIth 8/ marks. The individual mec1;l, for the best man among the teams a fter a tie between Rogerson Halliman (Smith s Dock) a nd Fenna (T.ee. ,< A "), went to JIalliman. 1\1r. J. ]. Burton presided, and was supported hy Mr. John James, of thc Cargo Fleet Iron Co l\lrs. Ja1lles presented the trophies and mcdals to the "';l1lller

A I D. 147

DARLINGTox.-Dr. \l\1alsh Benson has examined four St. John Ambulance teams at the Cargo Fleet Iron Co.'s \1\1 orks. The teams were in competition for five silver cups provided by 1\1 r. J. E. James, director and general works manager.

The competition was very keen, and finally No. 3 team, comprising l\Iessrs. G Armstrong, VV. Pearson, J. Lockwood, and T. \\T. Oughtwaitc (capt.), was declared the winner.

No. 8 District.

ASIIFORD.-1\lem1Jers of the Ashford Ambulance Brigade (Town Diyision) competed for the Hayward Challenge Cup at the Ashford High School (kindly lent by Miss Brake) on Noycmbcr 14th last.

The cup was presented for the annual efficiency com. petition by 1Iessrs. C. Hayward & Sons.

Three teams of four \\-ere entered for the efficiency test, while an individual oral contest also had to be passed.

The test pieces \vere set by Dr. E. Scott (Divisional

The "Ha\'\\'('lrd" Cup Team \\'inI1crs, :-\shford Town Di\'ision. urgeon), while the j uclg-es were Dr. Ben t ley (Ashford) and Dr. Milne ( \ Villesborollgh)..

l\Iiss Brake presentcd the pnzes t o the \\'l11ners, .and a Yote of thanks was proposcd to her l1y upt. J. l\1!1es

Results: 1. Sergt. Stent's team (117 marks); 2, Pte. \ Voocl's team (ilO marks); 3, Pts. Hog-g's team (9-l-ma:ks)

Each member o£ the winning tcam recel\ ed a sIlyer replica of the trophy.

Two sih"er spoons \\'ere also for compc.L1 t lOl1., members of the econcl and third teams the captain) being eligible.

Rcsult: 1, Ptc. Harns; 2 PCe. Thompsett.

FIRST

C.\::IIBERLEY.-The Camberley and Frimley section ?f the St. Tohn Ambulance Bricrade paraded at the Dnll Hall. Ca;nberIcy, all Friday cnning, 30th, for their annual inspcction, \\'hich ,,'as carned out by thc district officer [or Surrey, r. E. D. IIeeson. .othcr offi.cials present includcd Lady Knowles (lady dlstnct officer for Surrey). \\'ho afterwards prescntcd the awards.

In the absence of Ambulance .officer A. E. J upp, Pte. II. \Yhite took command of the parade. After the in pection Heeson said h e had litt.le the recommendation for ).1r. Jupp to he dlstnct superIntendent \\ 'o uld "'0 throl1O"h. and there was no reason why thev should haye their examinations in the ncw year. Thcir drilL he said. had bccn cxcellcnt.

No. 9 District.

EXETER.-The City of Exeter Dn'isions mourn the dcath of Cadet Thornc, who joined the Cadet Division in 1925, and was to be soon transferred to the T\\'cnty -eigh t Cadets under Cadct Supt. Langmald, and se\'eraJ membcrs of the men's diyision under Supt. E. A. Bo\\dcn, M.B.E., attcndcd the funeral, which took place at the IIighcr Cemetery on Thursday, November 1st. Lance-Corporal Grecn., Pri"atcs Tapp., Hardy and Foster ,,'ere bearers.

I):DI\'JDl'.\L EFFICIE):CY Ct;P FOR DEyox.-T/County

Commissioncr T. Pcngelly has prescnted a sil-ver cup to cncourage incliyidual amlmlallce proficiency in the De-von County District. It was won for the first ) ear by Serp;t. Pickett 0 r the Xe\\tol1 Abbot Diyisiol1 at Totnes, and publicly handed to him by the s of the BorouO'h.

SOCTII Guildhall, South :;\Ioltoll, DC\'O ll, was the scene of an enthusiastic public meeting held for the purpose of forming a St. John Ambulance Brigade for the borough. Thc dcputy mayor (J\Ir. F. B. \\'yatt) presided, and among others present were the di"isional surgcon (Dr. Seal). Supt. Rodley, the Hon. Secretary (:\Ir. Eldridge), and se\'eral members of the Brigade.

H. V. ::'IIiller said that his first pleasing duty was to hand Dr. Seal his ,,,arrant of appointment as Divisional Surgeon, in the name of the Grand Prior, the Duke of Connaught. Dr. Seal suitably acknowledged. Th e Commissioner complimented Superintendent Rodley and A. Eldridg:e (holl. sec.) on their hard work, which hac! resulted in the registration of the South :\Iolton Brigade at hcadquart e rs He was also pleased to note that they had secured the names of about fifty men \Y ho were prepared to attend classes in first aid.

D.\WLISII.-JUr. Hedlev V. :\Iiller, 'Commissioner, held an inspection of the Da\vlish Diyision of the St. John Amhulance Brigade at the \Velfare Centre recently. The memhers were thoroughly tested in general knowledge and practical work, and came out of the ordeal with distinct credit.

. annual inspection of the Kingshodge Dr\'lslon St. JOhl1 Ambulance Brigade took place in the Markct IIall. the inspecting officer being T /County Commissioner T. Pengelly. The parade was commanded by Di-visional Superintendent Sergt. F. H. Horn, Deyon Constabulary.

PLnrOUTTI..-Qn Noyember 19th at Plymouth, the annual l11SpectlOll of the Plymouth Centra.l Division of the St. John Amhulance Brigade was held by T /Commissioner II. V. of the Chief Commissioner's personal staff. The unit parac1ed under Superintendent George Howard other divisional officers present b eing

1928

Ambulance Officer P. G Do id ge a n d Tr a n s po r t Offi cer

A. E. Ty ler.

Following an inspection in line and the. the ambulance mcn, uncler their 1l0n-commlsslOned. cers, wcre testcd as to their first-aid and transport ablhty, the cIosin o itcm being' the snpposed collapse of a floor seycral people into a cellar. A exhihition of ambulance \\'o rk on a large scale was gIven to thc inspecting officer's satisfaction.

improvement was shown in the drill and o'eneral turn-out of the Paig'nton St. John Amhulance at its annual inspection at the Paignton Puh1ic Hall last C\'cning, when Commissioner Hedley V. Miller, from the headquarters, was the inspecting officer. The Brigade, although only established. two years, has made rapid strides, and is now fully eql1lPPfcl with uniforms anel a motor ambulance.

LYNToN -The memhers of Lynton and Lynmouth section of the St. To11n Ambulance Association were 11ig-llly complimenteci recently by Commissioner H. V. (Commander of the Order of St. John) after he had witnessed their exhibition of first aid, 'which included treatment of a nUl11her of difficult cases.

L-\uxcEsTox.-The efficiency of the Launceston Diyision of the St. Tohn Ambulance Brigade was evidenced at the annual i;lspection. which was conducted at the' Drill Hall by the Temporary Commissioner, 1\11'. Hedley ' T . l\Iiller. of the Chief Commissioner's personal staff.

The Cadet Divisions, which, under Cadet Officer Roy Gibbens. paraded 28 strong, \\'as first inspected the lads. who presented a very smart turnout in their uniforms. being put through a most searching test hy the inspecting officer.

The inspection of the senior division followed, an(l was equally thorough in its character

N o. 1 0 D is tr i ct.

IPswrcH.-A very sLlccessful sale of work was held at the Ambulance Hall, Samuel Road, Ipswich, on '\Veelnesday afternoon NOYl'mher l4tb, in aid of the 1\1edical Comforts Depot, in connection -with the St. John Ambulance Brigadc.

Although the sale was not clue to open until thre e o'clock, the numh e r of people '\'C' iting for admission tCIl minutes before that hour was so great that it was eleemed ach'isahle to open then.

F.\KEKTI \\r.-There was a cro\ycled attendance at the Corn Hall, Fakenham, Oll V\Teclnesc.lay, November 28th. at a non-stop whist dri\'e and dance in aid of the funds of the St. John Ambulance Brigaele. Ambulance .officer R. H epkin acted as ::.'I1.c. The whist winners received their awards at the hands of Lady Cozens-Harely, who said slle was glad to he associatcd for the first time with the Brigade ,,,hich had so distinguished itself.

Y 1\R:::IlOUTII.-The annual meeting of t h e Yarmouth centre of St. John Amhulance Association was held 011 Wednesday evening, November 14th, at the Y.M.C.A. Rooms. t.he Mayor presiding, supported by th e Chief Constable, who is chairman of the centre.

The 1\layor thanked the members of St. Joh n Ambul ance Brigade for accompanying him to church on Sunclay. lIe thoue:ht they l ooked very smart. lI e reme11l bered attending- lectures and gaining hi s fi rst aid certifi , cate during- the war. It was very pleasant to find sn many young people in the ho r ough interested in amhtl lance work, w h ich was -ve r y essenlia l in these timc s. when traffic is so g r eat that an acciclent may occu r at all) moment.

Raz l way Ambula n ce Ne7VS.

Great Wes t ern.

Somerset (lecturer) described the past seSS10n as the most successful in the annals of the Stafford Road \\'orks class at a meetin o held at the potel on the enning of 19th, when C'xamJl1atlO 11 awards \\'ere distributed by M r. E. G. Wain(iocol11otiYC supcrintendent). The class had the clistlllction of winning the Felix FellO\\S Cup in the Birming'ham ])iyisional Competitions. amI its members had gained no }e\\'er 69 examination awards. Fi,'e gold mcda ls (1J years effiClency) and one gold bar (20 years' cffic icncy) ,,,ere also di tributed.

The. gathering took the form of a smoking concert m'cr \\ h1ch Pc IlO\\' (asst. loco. superintendent) preslde d.

OS\\'ESTRY.-A\\'arels gained in examination and prizes a\\'arckd in competition "'cre distributed to memhers or the Os\\cstry class on the e\'ening of Koyember 23rd, when an enthusia tic of ambulance \\orkers was helel at the Queen's IIotel.

T. A. Dlackall (cliYisional engineer) presided, and a wards were prcsented by ::.'Ilr. E. Colclough (divisiona l locomotive superintendent).

The Chairman re"ie\Yed the work of the class durJl1g' the past sessinn, ancl congTatulatcd Dr. J. H. Crofton (lcctllrcr) and l\Ir. S. James (hon. secretary) on the high stanclard of efficicncy attained.

:\11'. Colclough said he had been in close touch with Clmhulance \\'ork for nearlY twenty Ycars. He wanted to see all clep'l.rtments of the railway - senice well repres('nted JI1 the classes. He welcomed Sl1Pt. Taylor and nf the police force, and was glad that they as<.;nClClkd with the railwaymen in first aid instructlOl1 the procecdings references "'ere frequently madc to the work of 1\1r. T. C. IIodson (clivisional ambuhnce sl'cretary). who \\'as accorded musical honours.

GLOl'CESTER.-Por the third year in succession the rrlouces ' l' r G.\V.R. team has won the Gloucester" City" Shie ld. rossc5siol1 of which is keenly contest.ed annually.

Senl1 teams par tic ipated in this year's competition l?elcl in the .01:1 Corn Exchange on .I. 26th . The Judges \\'ere SU" lIarrv \Vaters and Dr. E. H. Davey, and, as usual the \Vork of the competing teams was watched hy a large l1l1tnher of interested spcctators

The result \\'as as under:Marks.

Pirst-Great '\Vestcrn Railway 170

Second-City Police 11 5

Thircl-St. Tol111 Ambulance 109

Fourth-BrIstol Tramways 108

Piflh-vVagon vVorks 97

Sixth-1\Icssrs. Fielding & P latt 94 Senuth-London, Mid. & Scot. Rly. 84

At the subsequent presentation of t h e trophy and prizes. the former was received on hehal£ of the railway. hy 1\11'. T. l\1orris (divisional superintendent). who handed hack the trophy (won outright hy the G.V\l.R. team) for further competition, in order to stimulate interest in fi r st aiel \\'or1' in the city.

a gathering p r es ided OYer by Mr. R. J. Armstrong (divis iona ll ocomo tive su per-

at the Regent Hall, \Veston-super-lIare, examll1atlOn awards \\ ere presented b,' :;\1r. A. S. Quarterengineer), \\'ho the class on the " IIenry Datt Cup," ope n to the Bristol ])IY1S1On. He emphasised the value of .. safety JJ methods and first aid kl1o\\ kdge.

ToxDu.-The annual dinner of the Tondu class was held at the Liynfi Arms Hotel, ,,,hen Dr. \V. E. Thomas of the good \\'ork being carried on by the .order ot St. John throughout the world. ::\Ir. Davey (diyisional ambulance secretary) ga\'e some intcresting' facts about the G. \Y.R. ambulance mo\'ement, as did other speakers.

An musical programme \\'as provided and much appreCIated J. H. B. Cooke made an excellent chairman, and his stories were much to the liki11 0' of the large and enthusiastic audience. '"

. (Alderman J. L. Crook) cllstnbuted eXal11111at1011 a,yards to meml)ers of the Stour11ridge class at a smoking concert held at the Se'·cn Stars Hotel, Qlds\yinforcl. l,1r. Pellow (asst. d: isioml locomotiye superintendent) presided, and was supported by Dr. R. Eccles Smith. Q.D.E Mr. T. '\\1. Enser (asst. di"isional ::'IIr.' Chas. Overhury (cliyisional ambulance secretary). and others.

The Chairman said the class shortly be celehrating its jubilee. It included the oldest \\orker on the G.'\V.R.. and 'ns ting'uished in other ways. He expressed the class members' indebtedness to their lecturer, Dr. T. R. Dallow. and to the instructor and secretary. 1\1r. H. -Bakcr. and Mr. F. T. Stacey, As a result of their sen-ices. 86 men sat for and 86 passed.

The Mayor addrcssed the g'athering', and congratulated the class membcrs upon their success, and testified to the splendid work raih,"ay amhulance men were doing'. l'.I r. Enser al so addrcssed the g·athering·, and some statistics comparing accidents on rail and road in the locality, as ,Yell as throug-hout the country.

At the annual lunch eon in connection with the Divisional Amhulance Secretaries' Conference. held at the Roya l HotC'l. Padding-ton. on Jonm1Jer 30th. 1\1essrs. F. ·S. Bolton and '\v. Goffre", who haye retired from the secretaryships of the Loncloi-I (A) and TIirming-ham D iyisions respectiyclv. werc made the recipients of ene:rayed silycr cig'arette hoxes 011 behalf of their fellow-secretaries. The prescntations were made b,' ::\Ir. J. F. Lean (assistant to General Manager and Chairman of the Central Ambulance Committee). who '.'oiced the thanks of the company and extendcd best wishes to the recipients on behalf of all concerned

Sou th e rn .

Tn reCog-llltJon of their yaluahle scrvices to the 1<irst Aid cause. 'the under1l1entioned ha,'C', \\'ith the sanction of H.1\I. The King'. Soycreign IIeacl and Patron of the .order of St. John of Jerusalem. heen appointed Sen'ing Brothers of the Order :C. Kersley, Supcrintendent. Victoria Ambulance Division.

G. R. ,\iVard District Secretary, To. 6 District.

H . B. H azell. J.P .. D istrict Secretary, No.4 District.

It is many a day since Ashford was treated to such a fine concert as that which was giycn at the Exchange Theatre recently, by 1\1r. \i\1ill Deller and London company of well-known a rtistes. The concert was in aid of the funds of the local Diyisions of the Brigade, and the hall was packed.

One would imagine that for a to'\"11 of its size Ash ford has more ambulance men than any other town in England, and this pleasing fact is due yery largely to the \\"ho1e-hearted l11annC'r in which all work together for the common good.

The unckrmentiollec1 members of the staff have qualified for the Long Seryice Awards :GOLD :\IEDc\L (21 years).

Thomas]. Porter, Signalman, Feltham IL\TER l\b:O \L (1-1- years).

\i\1illiam Boniface, 1\Iachini t, Ashford.

Charles Amhrose Porter, Reading. BRO;-..rZE 1\IED.\L (7 years).

Herbert White, Platelayer, Guildford.

Frank Crisp, Audit Office, London Bridge.

Alfred E. Clarke, Smith's Striker, Glastonbury.

\

i\1illiam \V Hayes, Storesman, Glastonbury.

Charles T. Smith, Joiner, Ashford.

Charles Pulford, Checker, Rye.

Edward Daycnport, Fireman, Reading.

Henry Edwards, Collector, Charing Cross.

Herbert ::\1. \Yilkins, Fircman, Feltham.

Arthur Phc:enix, Clerk, Reading.

Herbert A . Earl, Platelayer, Alton .

London and North Eastern.

NORTJI SITIELDs.-A successful session's work in connection with the North Shields L. .E.R Ambulance Class was consummated on November 19 th at a social gathering in the European Hotel, North Shields, oyer which Alderman G. D. Gascoignc, the ex-Mayor of Tynemouth, presided.

In all, 37 members attcnded the class during the session, comprising railway workers, members of the River and Dock Police. and others. Twenty-nine presented themselves before Dr. Bennett, of Newcastle, the examiner, and all passed.

qn Saturday, oyember 17th, the No. 13 (G.N.R.) DI\' lslon held a yery enjoyable eycning- at their headquarters, Sebright Hall, Finsbury Parle A whist drive was arranged, and a larg e attendance of members and t h ei r friends turned up to make the eve nin g- a success. Refreshments were se rv ed in t h e interval.

Mrs. F. Palmer, the \vife 0 the divisional superintendent, presented the prizes at the close of the evening, Supt. Palmer thanked those present for turning up 111 sych large numbers, and said h e hoped to see them all agall1 on some future occasion.

A yote of thanks proposed by S.S . Price to the Social Committee and their wives for the effIci e nt manner ill which the?, seryed the refresllments brought a very pleasant eve n1l1 g' to a close.

qn Armistice Day No. 13 (King's Cross, G.N.R.) DIVISIon St. John Amhulance Brigade, under the command of Supt. J. G. Palmer, paraded at the War Memorial,. Kin g:s Cross L & N:E.R. station, for the purpose of paymg tribute to the rallwaymen who gave their lives in the Great War. .

Th e division was accompanied by the drum, fife ancl bugle band.

Impressive features of the se r v ic e were the sing'incr h

I D. D dcember, 928

of 0 Goel, our help in ages past" to the music of the fif es, and th e sounding of th e" Last Post )J by bug lers. After the cercmony the parade, some 100 strong, marched to Finsbury Park, where the members were dismissed.

There arc yacancies in the Headquarters Daml for a fc\\ good flute playcrs. 1\lcmbers of the Brigade ill No. 1 J);strict "\\'ho havc the requisite qualificatioll, and wish to enro l, shou ld approach the sllperintendents in charge of their divisions.

IbRTLEPOOL .-On NOYember 2nd the West IIartlepool held a 1110st sLlccessful whist drive and dance in the Co-op. Hall, when Dr. and 1\Irs. Gray, Mr. and 11rs. Tate, 11r. and l1rs. vVright, Mr. Geo. Jackson a nd others attendcd l\Ir. Tate presented the prizes, and Dr. Gray made a presentation to the \\"orthy class secretary, 11r. ]. Forrest, for his indefatigable service.

SC ,\RBORO UGIL-On oyember 14th the Scarborough class in conj unction with the Station Welfare Committee, h eld a most successful cOllcert, 1\Ir. W. Anderson pr esided and 1\IL Geo. ] ackson (general secretary) pressed the importanc e of a much lar ge r class being forme(1 amongst a ll grades Mr. Dowson, station master, presented the awards, and 1\Ir. Atkinson, locomotive superintendent, handed to Dr. Thornley a yery handsome si h 'c r cigarette box and a lighter from the mcmbers of the class. Dr. Thornley, in responding', said they had given him a great surpr ise, but he app r eciated thei r kindness, and desired to associate him self with the general secretary for 1110re 111embers.

London, Midland and Scottish.

BR .\ DFORD.-The an1lual gTIH.: r al mceting' of the ahu\ 'c ccntre was held Oil Octoher 16th, when thc class lecturer, Dr. R Crawford, took the chair hcfure a g'ood atte ndance . The secretary. 1\11'. IV. H. LaiJan, ill his rc\ ie\\,

December, 1928 FIRST

himself in th e esteem of the railwaymen present, to some of whom he has l ec tured twenty years.

BROUCIITY FERRY.-Therc v\as a fine turnout of both new and o}d members at the opening meeting of the 1" e rry ambulance class, h eld on Sunday, Octoher Ith. Dr. Malcolm Chalmers, in his lecture, stated that present-clay statIstics proyed that it is more dano"ernus to cross the strcct in front of one's house tha n i s to take a long jo urn ey hy rail, anc1 sti ll it is to the railway companies in stead of the road transport that we are 1I1c1 ehlecl for suc h classes as t hi s.

C\RLIsLE.-The L. & .VV. 'cction Ambulance Class held their annual tea and distribution 0 f awards on Monday, October 1st.

At the prize distributioll, which followed tea 1\Ir. W Co ulth ard prcsided. The chairman took the tUJ11ty of recount1!1g how, on two occasions the traininoginn by th e c lass had been the means 0'£ sayinorecent ly. h

L EEK.-At t he annua l dinner 0 r the L eek Ambulance Class, held r ecently, :1\11'. W. Bromfield, M.P., presented labels won by the successfu l entrants in the April examination, at which c\'cry mem11er of the class passed.

The Inter =Rail w ay Competition.

IT. been asserted on more than one occasion in that the Inter- railway Competition bnngs the arena some of the finest exponents of first aId 111 the country It may, indeed, he that the over no teams superior in the p:actlcal of that" special branch of practical med le111e and su rgery " (as the official text book defines the subject) than those com posed of British railway employees.

We are therefore particularly gratified to learn that some of the suggestions that have from time to time in FIRST AID editorials and by our contrIbutors 111 connection \vith this important contest, are to be adopted.

The Inter - railway Competition for 1929 is to be held at T ortham pton Polytechnic Institute St. John Street Road, Clerkenwell, on May 31st: This change of venue will, it is understood, enable both team and individual work to be watched by the spectators. Another suggestion made in thIS journal to the effect that the tests should be rehearsed before the competition beai ns (so as to familiarise the judges and others cobncerned with the requirements) is, we gather, to be adopted as also is the after more than one final in the past that a full statement of the tests imposed shall be a\railable for the use of spectators.

L If. S .1 In.gazill t·.

Le e k Ambulance Team.

A go ld long service medal, marking the completion of 15 years' 'v ork, was also presented to l\Ir. S. Sheldon, sec retary of the class.

PERTII.-The Perth railw ay class is now clrawin o to a close, and is one of the most successful of recel{t ) cars. ea rly fifty pupils are on t h e roll as first and second year men! and there has been a very lar ge attendance 0 f the sell lor members of the staff.

SOUTl1S.\'D.-The So uth cnd class recently held their annual presentation of awards another hio'hl), successf ul session, and obtained 71 passes out of a °111e111bership of 74.

\Ve have consistently taken the yiew that much more could be made of this competition, to increase its educational \ alue and its attractiYeness from the spectacular \ ' iewpoint. Further, we hold that this premier competition, if suitably staged and organised would do much to ad \ ertise the movement generally and attract new recruits to the am bulance ranks

L. /17. \. /llagrr. zillc.

Bradford (Foster SC1uarc) .\l1lbulaIlCc Team.

on the year's progress, ref erre d to the fallillg off in cla ss membership, mainly owing to the changes consequent upon reorgani sat ion. Stressing t he value of the work, and the opportunity afforded employees by tIle company, each pre sent member under took to introduc e and be responsihle for one new memb e r for the class. Arrangem en ts were also made for the entry of teams in the forthL.::\LS. competition. Dr. Crawford, in pr ese ntIng gold medal to Mr. Allen and 1\Ir. vValter Preston, again backed up the organisation, and further entrenched

vV \I(EFIELD.-Ambulance activities t hroughout the prese nt year in this area have proyecl a great success. Three classes have h en held, rc l11tin g in a total of 63 members qualifying- for the Association's a\\'ards. Lt.-Col. Dr. W. K. Clayton officiated as surgeon exami n er at all three exa min at ions.

The "OECORATORS' & PAI N TERS ' MAGAZINE" (8 d. monthly) is THE trade paper for all interestetlP ublishing Office: 46, Cannon Street. E.C.4.

It is probably true to say that the employees of no other ind ustry have had the same opportunities for, or the long experience of, first aid competitions, as have railway ambulance men In last year's Inter - railway Com petition there were veterans participating with as much as a quarter of a century's ambulance experience Our railwaymen ha\'e certainly had unique facilities for obtaining and maintaining first aid efficiency. As a result, railwaymen to - day figure largely in the ranks of the St. J ohl1 Ambulance Brigade and other organisations of the kind, and a "aluable and benificent work:- q uite outside the raihyay service-is being carried on up and down the country through the initiative of the Railway Companies

The interest which has been taken in fostering the acquisition of ambulance knowledge by the railway companies for more than thirty years had its origin, we believe, in the assumption that railway employment was In its very natu r e "dangerous," or fraught with more than ord i nary risks of injury Be that as it

may, Lhere are probably many other industries in which the em plo)'ees are exposed to far greater risks, though we know of none which does more to encourage its employees to make thel11sch-es cfJicient in fir.':>t aid. It may be, in fact, that the a,-erage railwaymen (and we purposely say ({'('ent,!;,£,) is no more exposed to the risks of injury than workers in what arc regarded as "sa[e" occupations, or than those \\'ho have to make frequent usc of our congested highways.

\\TC now have hesides a national competition for railwaymen, a national contest for the Police Force ami \\-e should like to see other interests egualh- acti,-e in this connection, e.g., a national competition promoted by the road motor industry shuuld do much to extend first aid knowledge where it i':l urgently needed to-day-among the driver.':> o[ road motor vehicles.

Lifeboat First Aid.

A:'IIBT L\).'CE sen-ices 111 the seaports possessing Lifebuats \\ ho ha, e heen on tbe alert during the recent g'ales will he interested to learn of the genesis of the ?\ ational Scheme to provide first aid and transport for the injured and sick brought ashore by. the gallant men of the Royal Lifeboat Institution.

On the night of October 3rd, 1920, a large French ve.':>se\ was ,\-ashed ashore on the Plymouth Break,,-ater during a terrible gale After the alarm rocket sounded t\,-O motor am bu lances and two squads of men ,yere dispatched to the docks in case of need.

The call came at B.+5 p. m., and the lifeboat returned at 2.15 a.m. after a very severe struggle. It brought back no fe,Yer than seventeen survivors who needed assistance. Ever since that occasion a call for the Ph-mouth Lifeboat has also been a call to the am 1)L;lance men.

Although this sen-ice is small compared with the great \\ ork during the war of the \Vhitby Division, it is in a sense historic, for from it grew the national scheme. On Boxing Day, 1924, Asst. Commissioner H. V. drew up and submitted to the Chief Commissioner a comprehensive proposal to prm-ide first aid all around the coast. Shortly after,,-ards, Sir Herbert Lewis and :\1r. :\Iiller-attended at the Lifeboat headquarters to discuss joint working. Then it was not long before the scheme embracing the Order, Sl. Andre\v's and Red Cross units, was lanched and this beneficent co-operation came into being.

SEYERE TESTI).'G AT PLYMOCTH.

On Friday, ?\ovember 16th, Plymouth felt the full force of the hurricane, and, at about 1.0 p. m., a steamer, the 'c Kentish Trader," was blown on the rocks. At tremendous risk the large motor

A I D. Decemher, 1928.

Lifeboat went to the rescue, sustai n i ng several damages in so doing. One member of the ere\\! injured his hea 1.

A St. John ambulance and men were rushed to the docks, and later, when a number of men were being drawn ashore by rocket apparatus about five miles awa:-, arrangements were made to go there. The journey b:- two cars \yas one of great difficulty o\\'ing to the gale Two roads were impassable by the Erst light vehide.

The follm,-i ng is an extract from the officia l report on the ambulance work by the officer-incharge of the duty :-

December, 1928. FIRST Priory for Wales.

The monthly meetings of the Ambulance and Executive Committees of the Priory were held in the Priory Room, Law Courts, Cardiff, on :\Ionday, 26th November, Lieut.-Col. Thomas \Vallace, presiding.

Sanction was given [or the formation of a ::\ursing Division at Caerphilly to be known as the " Riches" )J ursing Division, anc.! a Girl Cadet Division at Bryn, Port Talbot.

A I D. 153

Wales Institute of Engineers, Opened in Cardiff on the 21st ::\ovember, which proved of interest not only to engineers but to the general public \vas the Priory stand.

"

I then had the I igbt am bulance dri\'en to the Air Station at Batten right alongside the wreck in order to recei', -e and attend (if necessary) the sun-iVOl's. I have travelled thousands of miles in motor ambulances, but I ha\-e never experienced such a journey. The wind had blown c.lo\\-n trees and huts in the vicinit\- of the \\reck, anel as ,, -e journeyed small branches of trees were sho\\ ereel on us. Toward the close of the jou mey tbe wind blew the bon net off the car. It prm-cd no easy matter to retrie,-e it!

cc The first road to tbe could not be negotiated o\\ ing to fragments of huts blo" n across it; the second road, ,vhich "as very steep, could not be mounted by the ligh t car in the face of the wind, so ,vith difilculty it ,,-as turned and the Air Station reached b\- a circuitous route.

On arriva l at the _ \i r Station I found that seven of the crew of the "Ken tish Trader" had been rescued by line and were being cared for by the Air Force at Batten. One was suffering severeh ' [rom shock and the resul t of immersion, and was a stretcher case under the care of the R.A.F. medical orderly, treated him splendidly. I then telephoned to Plymouth for the large Crossley am bulance also to come out. Because of its power and the fact that the gale ha"ing somewhat abated, the journey "as, although very lifficult, much easier than that of the first light ambulance. The latter took back the stretcher-case to to the S. Devon lIospital and one member of the crew. The Crossley returned to Plymouth Sailor's Home with the other five wrapped in blankets under the charge of the shipping agent's representative.

":\leanwhile, the Plymouth Lifeboat, by means of very fine seamanship, had taken off the captain and seven others and brought them to Plymouth Docks. A third St. John ambulance was on duty there and took them to the Sailor's Home after first transporting the injured lifeboatman to the hospital.

cc Divisions represented were: Plymouth Central, :\Iutley, Devonport and Co-operative.

"Two of the men engagcd on the task had only ret urned a few mi n utes previousl y from a case removed from a liner which called at the Port during the gale."

Service Bars, issued by command of the Sovereign for 20 years service in the Brigade, are to be appl ied for on behalf of Supt. John :\101'gan and Pte. Stephen Ballard of the Fochriw Division and Corps Treasurer Daniel Roberts, Rhondda Fach Corps.

It was reported the Church Lads' Brigade hac.! heen registered as a centre of the S.J.A.A., and it was hoped its members throughout the country would be trainec.! in first aid by the Brigade men and granted St. John certificates.

A vote of appreciation was sent to the Barry members on the excellent sen'ices the" hac.! rendered during the year, both at the First Tent on the where 1,+39 cases wcre dealt ,yith, and at the Lost Children's Creche, where attention 'was gi\-en to 1,.:274 children.

The report of the Emergency Help \york showed that in the County of Glamorgan the Order of St. John and British Red Cross Society had dealt with 11,000 applications for assistance during the past year, and made gran ts o[ '£1,125 to ex'>en-ice men suffering [rom sickness or disablement attributable to war service. The joint bodies decided to make a grant of 55. per head to all ex.':>e n'ice pensioner patients in hospital on Christmas Day, and the of-ficers -in-char ge of hospitals in \y have been comm un icatecl with.

A. vote of thanks was given to Lady Cope, wife of Si r \Villiam Cope, 1\1. P., for her usual gift of clothing, which it was decided should be distributed among ex-service men.

Sir Lcolin Forestier- \i\T al ker, K. B. E., P., and Sir Herbert D. VI. Lewis, K.B.E., ,,-ere appointed to represent the Priory on the Joint Council and Joint Committee of for the ensuing twelve months.

The Committee decided to approach the •\utomobile Association and Ro\'al "\u tomobi le Club " ith a vicw to thcir inviting their mcmbers to become affiliated to the Prion' transport anc.! first aid schemes, so that motorists call upon first aid men for assistance or obtain an amhulance car at any time of the night or da)' for themselves or any occupant of their cars who might be injured.

I;>\DUSTRL\L FIRST A lD.

One subsidiary fcature o[ annual Engineering Exhibition, promoted by the South

The exhibit com pri.':>ed ambulance materials and equipment to suit all requirements; first aid boxes for factories, specially designed to comply with the Regulations of the Factory Act, ambulance boxes approved by the :\1 i nes Department [or use underground; household cabinets, compact pocket outfits, and boxes for and char-abancs. The importance of first aid in the mine and factory has long been recognised, and the question of first aid on the roads is no\\ - exercising the minds of the travelling public and Authorities; the Llanelly Corp8ration has decided that all motor omnihuses trading from Llanelly must be equipped with suitable first aid appliances, and there is every likelihood of other municipalities taking similar action.

Am FOR BLACK\\·OOD Drnslo:\,.

A remarkably fine concert in aid of the Blackwood Ambulance-Division was gi,-el1 at the Capitol Cinema on Sunday, 11 th ::\ ovember. Sir Herbert D. \V. Lewis, k.B.E., the Commissioner for \Vales, who was accompanied by Lady Le\\' is, presided, supported by Dr. C. G. :\lackay (Blackwood), Islwyn Ambulance Corps Surgeon, :\lrs. :\Iackav, Dr. Arthur E,'ans (Blackwood), Surgeon to the Blackwood Di,-is ion, and E,-ans.

In his address Sir Herbert Lewis congratulated the Ambulance workers upon their strength and efficiency, and expressed his thanks to the military authorities for granting them the u.':>e of the Drill IIall for trai n i ng and d rill practices.

Dr. proposed a vote of thanks to Sir Herbert and Lady Lewis. He also congratulated the Blackwood Division upon its 'York, paid tribute to :\1r. J. C. Badge, Supt., for his untiring de, -otion, and thanked the management of the Capitol for the use of the building.

SERYICE PRESE:\,TED.

The Hon. J. H. Bruce, President and Acting Commissioner of the Aberdare Centre of the Priory, presided o\-er a meeting of the C,Y11011 Valley Corps of the St. John Ambulance BrIgade at :\Iountal11 Ash on \\Tcdnesda,-, :0:'o,-ember l+th, for the purpose of presenting 'long service medals to members of the Corps.

The Hon. Bruce handed the medals, o-ranted for fifteen years' efficient service in the Brigade, to StarC Ofilcer H. E, -ans, Abercynon (enrolled 1908); Supt. D" J. Drc\y, (1908, and war sen·ice 191+-18); . \mbulance Officer C. '\ \T. Gregory, Abercynon (1908, and ,yar sen-ice 191+-1919); amI Sergeant D. T. Jones, Aberdare (191..2).

ABERl·-\R).' Dl\"lSIU)J

Dr. E. 1\1. GriHith, Surgeon to the \\ Testern

Valley Corps, entertai ned members of the Abercarn Division of the Brigade to supper at St. John's Hall, Cwmcarn. Dr. Griffith's interest \\ 'or k of the Brigade is manifested annually In thIS manner, and the Corps is deeply indebted for his sympathetic interest, which enables them to review each year the progress of their work.

I n an encouraging address, he urged the members to help the public to realise the importance of ambulance work by their efficiency and devotion.

CARDIFF DIVISIONS INSPECTED.

The Am bu lance men and urses of the J:?rigade in the City of Cardiff, were inspected on Sunday, December 2nd, at the Police Drill Ha ll , Cathays Park, Carel iff, by the Commissioner for

\!Vales, Sir Herbert D. ,\V. Lewis, K.B.E Lady Lewis O B.E , Deputy Lady Supt. for ,\Vales, inspected the J urses.

The parade was under the command Lt.-Col. T Rees, 1\1. C., Commissioner for Cardiff. The units represented were Cardiff City, Cardiff Great '\Vestern, Cardiff Dowlais Works Ambulance Division, Cardi ff Emergency, Penarth N u rsi ng D ivision and Cardiff City Cadets. Staff Officer B. E. Maberly, Corps Supt. ,\V. H. Johnson, Lady Corps Supt. Iiss A. Fletcher and Corps Surgeon Dr. Edgar Llewellyn were on parade.

The Commissioner for '\Vales invested with thcir Service Medals, awarded by command of the Soverign for fifteen years efficiency in the Brigade, Staff Officer :\laberly, Lady Ambulance Officer 1\1iss Victoria ,\Vin ifred Rees and 1\J iss Alice Rosser, and Service Stars for three years' efiiciency to Ambulancc Sisters Miss M. Maidment and 1\liss O. Jones.

The Commissioner congratulated Col. Rees and his officers on the smart appearance of the men, nurses and cadets.

NeRSING DIVISION.

On November 10th an inleresling function took place at the Pioneer Hall, TL-eherbert, \"hen the Fernhill Nursing Division held its annual social evening. There was a large attendance, and Divisional Surgeon Dr. R. Nelson presided.

NEW

TREDEG \.R DI\ I IONS INSPE fED.

The New Tredegar Division of the Rhymney Valley Corps was inspected in the Rescue Station on Saturday, December 8th, by Captain S. T. Beard, O B. E., Sub-Commissioner, 1\Ionmouthshire There was an excellent attendance, particularly of the Cadets, both boys and girls.

.rTr. J. ,\Vilkins was appointed Divisional Supt. to succeed :\1r. W. H. Styling, who, as a result of an accident, had retired from active rank.

----. .---

"T he T oilers ."

MOST of our readers know, or at least have heard of District Officer C. Hanmcr, S.] .A. B., who startecllife as a miner at 12} years of age and who worked for some years in the III i nes, afterwards taking up a responsible post at headquarters in addition to bccoming a film producer and scenario writer. It is not fresh news to say that Mr. Hanmer has res igned his offic ia l position but still retains h is ran k as reserve officer. It will possi bly be fresh news to many to state that Mr. Hanmer has added, at his own expense, one of the most unique features ever screened and entit led (( The Toi lers," to his o ld programme.

This film is going out into the commercial world, on to the regu lar screen, and it is [rom this

December, 1928 . FIRST

that the producer hopes to derive his income. lIe is not, however, leaving the S.J.A.B . in the lurch . He has placed at the disposal of the movement a complete programme consisting of 11,000 feet of cinema film at a cost of about ,£500. The average life of a fLim copy is approximately 60 runs. Hanmer will gi\-e this programme in any town in the British Islcs on Sundays only, where a cinema can be obtained, on the following terms :-

(1) That application is made to him by a St. John Am bulance Secretary.

(2) That the participants see to the arrangements for the hall.

(3) That the working expenses be paid out of the total takings.

(4) That the expenses consist of hall ren t, ach-ertising (this to be done with stoek:material for

A I D. 155

This is a yery generous gift that sho uld receiye full appreciation and about which we shall have more to say at a later date I n the meantime we reproduce a leller we ha\'e recei ved, as follows :"TIlE "

On Sunday, XmeJl1her 11th, I present at the fir exhib iti on of this ncw picture prouuced h\ Di trict Officer C. Hanmel', lall' official touring dl lllonstrat'or of the Order of Sl. John, The hall \\'a crowded \\'ith 1,500 per OI1--; who gil\'t' an exceedingly hearty reception to the nl'\\ \'L'nturc, I had a tal],;: with the delllon"trator after the sho\\' and he inf ormecl me that --;0 keen s his cksirl' to help .\Illbulance Classes and Di\'isions that he has presented free of cost to the mo\'ement a copy of the 111m together \\ ith his sen'ices ih demonstrator. Any A.mhulance Secretary may apply to him for a\'Cti lable dates. i\lthough Hanmer has resigned hi sa laried po t under the Ord e r he is till anxious to help the \\'ork of the Order throug-hout the length and breadth of the country, The fi.lm is th outcome of a life-long desire to let the whole world sec real mining' conditions and particularly, La enab le him to emphasise the nt!uable sen'ices of colliery ambu lance

The lecturer no opportunity of impre sing his audience with the need for such sen'ices and actually shows the ambulance ml'n at \\'ork far out in the bo,,'e ls of the earth and under \'e ry dangerolls conditions. '\'hile, as I hm'e said, no opportunity of this kind is lost , he has skillfully a\'oided the danger of losing the of his audience by too pronounced propaganda , :'.lr. Hallmer -exce llently qualified to speak of mining conditian ha\'ing started life in the mine at 121 years of age and later becoming a student of mining engineering', He \\'as a member of one of the first rescue teams in England and has see n active sen'ice in many disasters,

DIS TR ICT OFFI CER C. HA , l\fER, S,] \. B. economy), demonstrators travel and accommodation.

(5) That the profits be equallydi\'ided betwccn:

(a) The participating mo\"e ment.

(b) 1\1r. Han mer's reser\'e fund for new film copy.

He makes no fees [0[- his serviccs, and distance is no object. IIowever, no other fees must l- e charged than those outlined abo\ ' e.

The film is accompanied by appropriate \\'hile the lecturer describes the \'arinus scenes-I had expected that this might pro\'e rather di stract ing but the lecturer's plea .' ing \'oice rather adds to one's appreciation of the film. The subject principally i'i the life of the coal miner, hi home and his work, his joys and his sorro\\'s, his recreations and his hobbies, his failings and his \'irtues ; all are treated in a manner at once skilful and true to life. The case for the miner is treated impartially and the spectators are left to SUIll up for thell1sch'es. The staging, photography and effects arc good, especially the photography underground and it is interesting to notl? that in this direction the film is unique, Loyel)' country and things of rare architectural beaut\' a impression. On the educational side there' is much to intere t; the actual operations in the mining of coal are sho\\ n, the geology of coal is handled in an instructi\ c yet pleasing \\'ay, The lif e - tories of great men, the e\'olution of the lamp, the methods of modern surge ry and many other instructi\'e features make the film one of outstanding educational \'alue and one to be commended to education authorities for exhibition to chi ldr en The appa llin g conditions in1l1ines prior to Lord ?haftesbury:s bill of 1 -+ 2, which abolished woman and child labour IS \'i\'idly depicted. In this connection it is intere ting to note that Lord \\' as a member of the Order of t. John. The film is ;t matter for congratulation to the producer ancl one \\'hich cannot be too strongly recolllillended to all pnrts of the country.

]. FORRE T B.Ch., Corps upcrintend ent, Dl'arne , Talley Corps,

The Order of Sl. ] ohn and the British Reel C,rDss have arranged, through the try of PenSions, a III prc\ iou s years, to prm' idc addlLlonal COl1lforts, sllch cigarettes, tohacco, chocolates, and g'<lmcs, for the men In l\linistry hospital on Christmas Day.

O ur ' Pages .

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

A m<.:rry Chnstmas and a happy New Year to all \\ 'omen Fast Aider::;, and may lY2Y find our number::; enormously increased Lhroughout the world, and our effons to alle\'iate pain and suffering crowned with eYcn greater SUCCeSS than in the past.

Isn't ChrIstmas a jolly time? 'Why, even in the hospitals the spirit of joy prevails, and patients, however ill thcy arc, sl1lllc and are happier. It is the time of year \\'hen \\'c, II ho daily try to do our bit for the one \\"11(1 is dO\\"l1 and out, feel that "e must exert every effort to do a littlc mor\.', that someonc may be the happier for our ministrations. Perhaps it is just a visit to a sick pcrson, or b_\ helping' at a Christmas treat for poor kid· dies, or even attending to the needs of one of our own little ones at home who has indulged not wiscly but too well. \Ye feel all the better for our effort. It is just thc Christmas spirit.

There are peoplc \\ho write wonderful articles te]]lllg uS that Christmas is all out of date, and a borc. \Yell, let them \\ 'e knO\\' that they have missed thc point, and are all wrong. L'nlikc us) thcy have not felt the thrill at recei\ ing a grateful smile hom one to whom \\ c ha vc bcen able to rendcr some small service. \V c should miss these cynics if they did not preach their nc\\- doctrincs to us e\'ery year. They arc part of Christmas-the acrid t1a,'our of their views brings out the richncss of the sentiment for "w hich Christmas stands.

For sen:ral \\ eeks past the hospitals have been preparing for the great clay of the year. Doctors, students and nurses, in the little spare time they have, have been busy practising carols with \yhich to arouse the patients ill the early morning, and ha\'e formed concert parties to amuse them all Christmas Day. Preparations ha\'c heen made for decorating the wards and receiving rooms, so that, when December 25th dawns, the whole atmosphere, as far as possible, shall be one of jollity and good spirits. In this good \york some of us are permitted to share. Surely liT are blessed to be allowed to do our little bit at this season After all, if we can only offer sen'ices at this time of the year, ,( It is more blessed to give than to receive."

CO);'GR.\TUL\TIOXS.-Our congratulations are ex· tended to Lady District Officer lIiss Curtis of No, 1 District, whose name has been forwarded H.M. the King' fur promotion to Honorary Scrving Sister of the Order.

)f o. 1 DISTRICT.-The officers of this district held their annual dinner and dance on Dcccmber 1st at thc Great Central Hotel, l\larylebone. The chair was taken by the Commissioner, Lt.-Col F. A Brookes.

Proposing the toast of the "Prince of Wales' Districts," Sir Perciyal Wilkinson said that he was astonished at the splendid and speedy way in which the ambulance men. and \vomen dcalt with cases on Armistice Day ill \ Vhltehall. The new Chief Commissioner of the Police Lord 13yng, had told him after the ceremony that he anxious to do all he could for the First Aiders out on public duty. He hoped that some arrangement could be made whereby patients could more casily be taken from crO\\'(1 to thc \ 'a rious stations for treatment, and so lnake the work 0 f the men less arduous C'vVe wome n \vho do street duty wou ld we lc ome any

ch,[11')'e for the Deller III this direction, as, apart from the ;train on our male fello\v-\\ orkers, patients would bc sayc'c1 additIOnal suffering, and would reach us quicker. Then, too., it \\ould probably be casier to transfer the more serious cases to ambulances for removal to hospital. On Armistice night of last year one patient lay on a sLrctcher in a cold building, which had been com mandcercd at a statioll, for over one hour because it was impossible to get her through the crowd to hospital. She was in a \ ery collapsed staLe, and needed more care: theUl we \\ cre able to giYe her.)

The members of the Lady HospiLallers' Club spent a \ cry pleasant e\'cning \\ hen the members. of the Hospitallers' Club entertained them at the Bonn111gton Hotel. After they had been refreshed and had had time to exchange grecLings with. their fellow-workers in the Brigade, an excellent mUSIcal programme was prOVIded for their amusement.

In the absence of the officers of the Lady Hospitallers' Club, Mr. Lynes rose to voice the thanks of the mcmbers for a yery enjoyable evening.

RolJinia, Viscountcss Mountgarret, who was among the \'isitors, was asked to say a few words. She appealed to those present to make more widely known than it was at present the Lincn Guild of the Order which provides useful articles for the IIospital of the Order of St. John at Jerusalem.

\Vith this e\ ening- yet another link of co-operation and friendship is forged between the Nursing and Ambulance Diyisiolls of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

CESTRAL ARE.\.-The Annual Social will take placc at the Slwrulitch Town Hall on Friday, January 25th, 1929. Will all tho:::.e who wish to be present send ill their applications for tickets early so as not to be disappointed. Although the hall is a large one its capacity is taxed more and more eycry year, the event being such a popular one.

HAGGERSTON.-No. 62 Hagg-erston Nursing Division is now an fact. A presentation of certificates took place on Noyember 26th ::\1r. E, Thurtle ::\I.P., taking the chair. Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (Assistant Commissioner in charge of the area) and many other distinguished people were present.

Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs , Milburn expressed the hope that in a fcw weeks they would have a band of fully fledged ambulance sisLers ready for duty, and said that she was proud to be in chargc of the first nursing division connected with club life.

Competitions ha\ e already beg'un, and the following rcports are to hand: -

EAST HAlYl DISTRIcT.-On November 24th the COlllpetition for thc Edith \tVaI'd Challenge Shield took p l ace at East 11alll, five teams taking part. Lady D i strict Supcrintenc1ent Miss Rideout inspected uniforms and g"eneral turnout, the other judges being Dr. Stuart, incli\'idua l practical 1.cst; Dr. K Lund, viva voce; and Dr. Conan Robertson, team work The Commissioner, Lt.-Col. F. A. Brookes, arrived during the afternoon ancl presented the shicld to East Ham Nursing Division, the winning team, and the Florence Adamson Rose Bowl to A.S :\lrs. Fraser, of East Ham, for the most points gained by an individua l competito r. lIe exp r essed his

December, F IR S '1

pleasure at being with them that afternoon, and emphathe importancc of competition work as a valuable means of acquiring knowledgc.

[,\.\11''1'0.\ SJ IIHE.-Aftcr a lapse 01 five years, the cOll1petiuoll for the Lord DO'v\nc Silver Challenge Cup lJas iJecll re\·i\ ed, the eycnt taking place at the headquarters of the \ \-cllllls"borough l\ ursll1g Division of the S.J .A.D., on Dcccmber 1st. Thc tests comprised treatment of a surgical nursing case, rendering first aid to thc inj ured, becl-lllaklll'" and changing sheets. The sLlccessful team was vVelling-borough HeadCjuarters V A.D. 6, to whom the trophy was presented by the of .l'\orthampton.

\ VEST RIDI.l\C' J Y ORKS.-At Elland, Yorks, on X 0\'C111ber 10th, Todmordl'n Xursing Di\' ision carried off the \ \' ilson ShIeld III open competItion with other divisiom of the \\-est RIding, each mcmber of the vVinning tea111 also rcceiying; a hand omc leather handbag, the gift oj the donor of the shield, Miss \Vilson Halifax

A N£\v CO":\lPETITIU,\ J. ,',)1JllY.-Lady District Officer Miss Valker has very kindly given a handsome trophy for the winners of a drill competition to be held among Ilursing divisions of Central Area, No. I District. The competition will take place each year immediately precding the District Inspection.

of nursing di\ isions in busy to\\'ns are apl tu wOllder \\ hal their fe11ow-\\or].;:ers in country districts ell) as regards dl1t). There are no Lord )'Iayo-r's Shows or other great pclgeants; \'er) few, if any, State funclions to all end ; hardly any events \\ hich arc likely to caL! 'C (Towds to form \\ here help may be needed. But Lhough their \\'ork is of a different nature) it is none the less of a \'cry important character) as the following will ':iho\\'. Perhaps the example set by the V.A.D. mentioned helo\\' may be 0 f help to other detachments similarly situated, \\'ho enthusiastic members eager for more duties.

In 13edfordshire is the little old-world yillage of Old \Varclen, which is the centrc of Q "ery keen V.A.D haying as its commandant 1\1rs. Shuttleworth, of Olel \"arden Park.

It was decided, ill 1921, to open a medical supply depot at Digglcs"'ade, the ncarest country LO\\" 11 primarily for the care of ick children, but also for the purl)OSe of loanin b' out medical appliances. As thc nearest hospital is at Bedford-a distance of about 13 milesit will be realised what a need there was for some such clinic, and \\ hat a blessing it has pro\'e d to thc local people, the fact that 32,328 cases han been tr ated during the last six years proving this beyond a doubt.

The depot is open each wcek-day morning from 10 to 11.30. There is a room filted up as a miniature hospital receiying rOOlll, \\'llich i in chargc of thc District Xurse. Here drcssino's are applicd and minor accidents and ailments treated. l\Iore serious cases arc left for one of the local doctors, who calls in to give any assislance nccessary

Therc are stretchers anel equipmcnt a\'ailable for all emergency ca ll , ane! a c u pboard well stocked with medical appliance' ready to he loaned out to the sick of the neighbourhood for a small sum, vvhile llch requisitcs as lint, cotton wool, bandages, etc.) can be bought at a low price

Another useful branch of the depot is the :;\Iatcrnity Centre, which is in charge of a certified mid\\ ite.

l\Iembers of 1he V". A. D., under their enthusiastic officers, run this clinic., and, as most of them arc wo r king' girls, they are to be cong r atu l ated T h e loca l doctors

A I D 157

arc grateful for the work done by these women , and spcak highly of the serVIces so freely gIven And what about the cost of carrYl11g on this work?

The members, of course, givc their labour voluntarily, but the of depot 111.\ oh'es <:t yearly expenditure of aboLlt .£ 1-l-0. 1 hIS sum IS prOVIded in the following manner. Tl:e chIldren who attcnd thc clinic pay 1d. per tor \\ 11lch they can receive attention every day ot wcck; \\ hlie adult patients also contribute a little. This brings in about £20 per annum, Then something is gained by the loaning out of medical comand apphances) and the \' A.D.'s organise variou iUl1ctlOns 111 order to obtain the balance.

Altogether, l3cdiordshire has indeed something to be proud of 111 \ ' .A.D Beds. 50.

Lady County Ofticcr Dalsdon conducted the annual inspectlOn of the City of Exeter l\ursing Division on ?\ oycmber 21nd. The parade was in charge of Lad) Diyisional Supt \\'ood. FollO\ving various tests, the inspecting officer exprcssed her congratulations on the \\'ork accomplished by the diyisiol1, especially during the Dcvon County ShOll. In addition to the full mem, bel'S, a number of ladics \vho hold the first aid certificatE attcnded )'lrs. Balsdon expressed the hope that, ere long, they, too, would be fully qualified ambulance sisters,

On X oYembcr 16th Lady County Officer 11rs. Balsdun visited the large Cadet l\ ursing Di\'ision at Buckfastkigh. Tv\-enty-six girls paraded, and those absent \\ ere either sick or out of the to\\'n. It is encouraging to llote lhat scYcnteel1 of the members of this unit are Girl Guides-an example of the closc so desi rable bctll'cen thc t\\'o moYcments, The tandard of \york done \\ as rcmarkably high, this being largely due LO the training of ::\Ir. Tarring, \\'ho deYotes himself to the Order's j uyenile acti\'ities with considerable succes

The X c\\·ton Abhot Ambulance Hall was the yenuc () f the inspection of the i\ ewton Nursing Di\'ision on X onmher 26th by Lady County Officcr ::\Irs. Balsdon. Lady Diyisional Supt. ::\Iiss Trcyenen, A.R.R.C., was in (,()l1lmal1lL \\ ith the cxception of t\\'o members, sick, the "'holc of the unit paraded. After the usual first aid and nursing test:, also a march-past, 1Irs. Balsdon set a competition test, and urged the importance of the latter t) pc of trailling. She appealed for the raising of a Cadet Di \·ision, and steps are being taken in the new year to consider responding to this call.

:\[L'll1hcrs () f the SL J ohl1 Ambulance ing Diyisian, under their Lady Superintendent, Miss F. K. \ Vood, formed a guard of honour at the wedding of Miss Amy Phillips (\\'ho is trained nursing sister of the diyision) to ::\11'. \Y. J. Harris at Christ Church, Exeter, 011 Saturday. The nurses, \\"ho were in uniform, scattered showers of rose pctals in the path of the wedded pair.

I tems ional news and competition o sccial, interesting duties, lectu es, etc ., fo r th is page shoold be sent to Ambularce S ister, c/o Th e E lito r, FrRST Aro, 46, Cannon S ., London, S.C 4·

:\l embcrs of the Tntnes Di\isioll, .l \. B., \\ !Jo \\'l:!re rC1l1ayillg- a raticllt to hospital, had a curious experience. .-\ s the\' \ \'ere turning a corner, in the motor ambulance ncar StaH.'rton, they came upon a Ford IL1ITY upside uo\\'n in the rllad. The \\'as :'Ill'. A a PaigntL1 n fish dealer, \\'ho had sustained a sc\'erel\' cut hanel. This "'as attendee! to h\' the amhulance men, aftl'J'\\'arcb turned the lorry 011 its ,,·heels. It ,,'as able to proceed, ha\ ing ittle for the "'ind creen.

Detailed Marking Sheet, NO.9· STRETCIlER TEST.

CARD OF I)\STHTCTIOK to bcarcrs 1, 2 alld 3)

Late one cold 1\o\'(:'111])cr evening yon are proceeding through a thick fog to the house of Dearer Ko. -J. who store all your equipmcnt. \\'hcn within 50 yards 0 [ ) our destination, YOll see in front of YOll a motor 'hus suddenly mount the kerb and dash into the railings 0 f an empty house. The front of the 'bus is smashed, and the drivcr is thro\\'n to the ground. He slaggcrs 10 his feet, stand a few seconds and then again falls.

hL\IEDL\TE ACTIox.

Prompt action hy all three Bearers 2

One proceeds to dri\'er and takes charge 2

Another attends to passengers in the 'bus 2

And enquires if anyone injured (all 'Well)

The third Bearer dashes to 1'\0. -+'s house 2

Calls him and assists to bring eql1ipment 3

:Mean\\'hile take teps to stop engine 3

To control traffic and to keep back cro\\'d -+ OF P.\TIEXT.

Ask if torch available for examination (yes)

Speak to dri\'er (replies in da::;ed 7//0111Ier) 3

\\' arn him make no attempt to 1110\'C 3

Ask if any bleeding 07'cr left car)

Ask colour of blood (scarlet); if spurts (yes)

If wound clean (yes); if foreign bodies (no)

Prompt digital pre sure Temporal Artery -J.

Ask result (col1trolled) if preSSllre correct) 2

1\.sk if any marked deformity (110)

Ask driver if in pain (paticnt complains of SC'i'cre paills ill lcft side Cllld in left ann)

Loosen clothing, but CO\'er up warmly..

A I D. December, 1928

Mode of lifLiug and carrying stretcher

Take steps to notify relatives

Care and obsel'Yation during march

Value of report given to house-surgeon Cen era I effici ency and SI1l a rtness 0 f team

fetters to the

We are in no war responsible for the or-inions ex pIes. ed, or the stalements made, by Correspondents. - EVI1 OR.

PRELDIINARY RO NDS J COl\lPETJTIONS _

DE ,\R SIR,-Now that the time has come, when keen First Aiders are beginning to think of competitions, may I suggest that it would add ycry greatly to their Yalue, if the senior officers of the Brigade would exercise a stricter oycrsight of all preliminary rounds. ince the Perrott Shield has been competed for, I haye known the follo\\ -ing breaches of rules:-

1. Ouestions not identical.

2. Examiners not doctors or trained nurses.

3. Stretcher-bearer not pro\'ided \\'hen lifting was required.

-J.. Each team allowed to pro\'ide and use what equipment they liked.

J. Two members of teams required to do practical test only, and the other two to ans\\'er theory questions only.

6. Some members of team rcqui red to do roller bandaging.

1 should likc to suggest that in County Districts or Areas) Officers in charge of the arrangements should be rcquired to notify their District Commissioner at least a fortnight before the competition of the following details :-

Date and place (so that he may be present or represented if he wishes).

)J ames and qualifi.cations of examiners.

For the District Competition the Chief Commissioner should be notified of:-

Dale and place.

N ames and qualifications of xaminers.

Equipment \;yhich teams ha\'c been notified to supply. Also) after the event, copies of the mark sheets should he sent.

I believe these rules would tend to preycnt badly thought ont., and ru hed arrangc:ments.-Yours faithfully, c, STILL KEE)T."

ENTH USI1\.SI\1

I - COMPETITIONS.

December, 1928. FIRST

Could not this ridiculous method be abolished and a more sensible mcthod officially laid down by our competent officials of the Brigade?

I would like to hear the opinion of our instructors on this present-day unofficial method of testing stretcher and slings.

1 will ask this question, \"hich is common sense, \\ hat may hap[>en to :;-\0. 2 should the canvas and slings pron: faulty?" Could not a serious injury bc the result?

1\lso, is it not a waste of \'aluable time in this method?

,Vhat surprises me is, [ understand marks are given for the performance of this risky method. For why may [ ask? There is no official mcthod laid down. I rememher a team) not long ago, competed in a Competition at ;\liddlcstown, near \\ akefield) and claim they lI'ere penaliscd because they did not perform this pantomime method, although they performed a method more sen iblc and without ri ks, this method being performed by TO. 1 and 3 bearers only leaying No.2 free to assist o.-J. with patient should he be required.

I cannot understand ,,-hy any team should be pcnalised! E\' en in the Lane Fox Competition marks \\ ere giyen for testing stretcher, yet no method is officially laid down. However, in my ohserl'ation at the \'.1\..D. Competition, the examiner and other officers appeared lO be amazed at thi theatrical stunt, as I term it, hut I ne\ er heard any comments on it, perhaps they t hought no less.

1 halT already quoted a method in my preyious lettcr LO F1R::'T " \lD 011 this matter. I sincerely hope to \ "ie\\'s from instructors and others which may lead to a more suitable method being' lai(l dO\Yll, officially

In conclusion, dear Mr. Editor, I thank you for your kind permission) trusting J ha \ e not taken up too much s pace on this snhject. - I am Sir, yours faithfully., Dl\ . UPT. C. GR \Y. \\akefield,25 / 11 / 28.

A I D. 159

tune to receive the necessary aid) then I suppose some do not appreciatt: what has been done for them.

l would therefore appeal to every perSOll in an official capacity to afford eycry encouragement possible to the \ 'oluntar), \\'orker, and not to stop hi payor place him under such obligations as alrcady suggcsted.

r ha\'e only heard of ont: case where an Ambulance \\ orkcr \\ as gi\'en notice for non-compliance to a re(luest to take up C()mpet it ion \\urk at a certain Colliny, ancl hope it is thc last.

I trust such obligations and the icar of loss oi employment, etc , will soon be a thing of the past.

Ambulance \\ ork is our hobby. It is, indeed, a pleasure to us to assist those ,,-ho suffer from accidents and so on. It is not our bread and butter) as I once had it thrO\\'ll at me, I agree, but there is no rea on why \\- e shoulcl receiye such treatment at the hands of officials who would rather gi\ e a £1 note to a football club than a copper to help our cause. motto has al\\'ays been .. Fiat justitia ruat ccelum. "-I am Sir, yours faithfully, DII'. SUPT. C. GR eW

'0. 68 (CITY OF DIYISIOK S.J.A.B. SIR,-Referenc e the paragraph on page 137 of the November issue of FIRST Am) I \\-ould like to point out to you that our Di"ision of S.lA.R. has h e en in exi tence ince 1913, when our headquarters \\"Cre at the Guildhall. \\ -e now drill 011 ::'IIondays at the Cit\· of London Schools, which are kindly lent LO us for purpose. \\'e arc always at the call of those requiring our a si tance for Ambulance duties.

DeCIde treat wound o£ head immediately 3

Then place dri\ er on strecher forthwith 3

And remove to house o£ Bearer :-To. -J. . .. 3

And there complete treatment in "iew of fog 3

Sterilise fingers: apply Iodine; allow dry 3

Clean dry dressing; pad of cottonwool 3

Fix dressings \\itli neat narrow bandage 3

Ask result (c?lItrollcd) if correct) 2

Apply arm-sllJ1g'; preparatlOn of stretcher 4

Loading, Ii fting and carrying stretcher 6 OF TRE,\T1fEXT.

On arrival kaye driver on stretcher ... 4

Ask if any further change (feels better) 3

1\.pply 2 broad bandages round chest 4

Immediately aboye and below fractured ribs 2

Apply broad bandage to top of Humerus 3

Pass round hody; tie on opposite side.. 2

Support limb in large arm-sling 3

Coyer warmly; offer dri\ er hot drink 3

Decide remove forthwith to hospital 3

DEAR l\lR. EDITOR,-vVill you kindly allow me a small space in your valuable journal, please I

As a spectator at two recent Competitions, viz., the first round of the Lane Fox, Colliery Competition, held at the H.escne Station) Tng-s Road, \Vakefielcl, and the V.A.D Competition) held at the lew Ambulance Hall, vVorshro', near Barnslcy, [ ha\'e pleasure in saying that much good \\'ork was performed.

It was pleasing to note the enthusiasm and the excellent First Aiel v,ork performed by all competitors. To the first year men credit is due, it was surprising to note how soon they had gained much knowledge The excellent way they approached their patient and got to business. They were lacking in very few points, and it would be a difficult task for the examiner to decide on the winners. All went splendidly until they tested stretche r and slings, by a method which was, in my opinion, both comical and, indeed, dangerous. And the sooner this pantomime unofficial method is abolished thc hetter. A method I term a theatrical stunt, with dangerous risks of injuring No.2.

J ,:\1 R. ElllTUR, 1 [r e spass it little further please, \\ ith the \·ie\\, of llrillgillg to notice anomalies at \ arious Collieries.

[ understand a semi-compulsory method is beingpracticcd at \'arious Collicries 011 the miner-competitor in Amlmlance \l'ork. According: to 111y informants, \\'ho111 I knoll' to he exccllent 1\mhulance mel1 and are under a ccrtain obligation. HOH'cn:'r, 1 am not at all s urprised, becausc 1 h,rve heard of this kind of husiness being practiced in other places.

Recently I approached several miner-Ambulance competitors on a certain matter and 1 found this apparent o bligation, That if they fail to observe the request of certain Colliery officials to enter Competition work they run the risks of either losing their employment or being placed on other \\-ork against their \\ ishes." 1 ask) why should the)' hc uncler s\1ch an ohligation? And) further, \\'hy should they he \'ictimised for refusal of such a requcst? Surely we are not nearing the Bolshevist Regime i n onr Amhulance 1ll0\'elllent! Do not the Colliery officials realise the \'alne of Ambulance men apart from Competition workcrs. I would also like to point out that o n various occasions when an Am1)ttlance man has been requestcd to accompany an inj ured mine-\\"orker to hospital he h as found that, at pay day, he has realised a shortage. Upon enquiries he finds payment stoppecl for the time occupied in accompanying his injured comrade to hospital. If this be true, m)' comments are not fit for publication, hecause it is ahove a joke and the kind of encouragement \\11ich is injurious to onr cause. It appears to me therc are some officials who 11a\'e neither a gra in of ense or feeling towards the Ambulance worker, they are harel-heartcd until they ha\'e the misfor-

HATS C1\.PS OX Dl:TY. SIR,-\1Ilhen I read the letter of the Lady Officer of Ko. 1 District, on the Xurses' Page of la t month's FIRST AID, with reference to the \\"Caring of caps at the Scala Theatre by the Amhulance Sisters, it called my attention to the fact that 1 h;wc 11(:'en on c1ut \ for s c \'eral hours a t a time \\ ith 1\.mhulance Sisters \\'ho ha\ ' c had to wcar their felt hats for indo()r (lut \" T often \\ onckrctl \\ hy they could not wcar thci l' The lattcr arc certain I) much nicer than the hats, Clnd must be much morc COI1lfortable.

Hats are ul1colllfmtahk at any timc, so \\ hy shlluld not we men hc aI10\\'('<1 to de) indoor duty \\ ithoul our head coycred? It \\'ould he much more comfortable for all of us. J\ s thc Lady Officer remarks, it is the rank and file \\'ho do the \\'ork, so comfort for the ister and men houlcl he considered. Let u carryon our ,,-ork llncler the most fayourahle comlitions.-Yours faithfully, A. ST JOII)T i\L\x.

Ambulance Work in a Country Town.

A ;'IPRKY T\ ovem ber e\'ening, and the rai n ,,·hieh has been fallll1g all day has ceased, but a heal")' mist pervades the atmosphere.

The Divisional Supt. is just knocking off work when a round man brings a vague message about a stretcher bei n 0- wan ted. A short cross-exam ination reveals the fact that a crane has fallen over in a timber yard a quart r of a mile away, a girl is 1v[no- inJ'ured amono-st the timber and a doctor has J b b been summoned

Tellino- the man to wait and help to carry the equipment, the Supt. hastily collects stretcher, surgical case, splints, blanket, and iunbulance lantern

F. J. CROSS.

FIRST

As the y are about to set out the girl's father arrives on a bicycle and is sent to warn the corporal, 'i'i"hose of business is on the ,ya.\" and ,\"110 joins them as they are entering the timber yard.

The place is in darkness, but a ,,"aye of the lantern bri ngs a shout from the doctor who has already arrived, and they quickly thread their way through the muddy yard guided by his voice. The light of the lantern reveals a gi rl of fourteen years of age lyin g between two tree trun ks ina pool of mud and s lime saying plaintively and incessantly " I s my hack really broken? "

The crane has fallen on one side, and the ,,,ire rope which has evidenth' struck the patient is quickly removed. "

After a hasty exam i nation the doctor goes off with the father to find a suitable board, while the Supt. and corporal succeed in rolling the tree trunks two feet and then prepare the stretcher and place it handy.

The doctor comes back with a board, which is placed beside the patient extending about sixteen inches beyond her head, and her clothes are carefully pulled tight to preyent any sagging. The doctor takes the shoulders, the Supt. the hips, the corpora l the patient's legs, and 'i"e ry gently, very slowly, to the accompaniment of snorting and clanging of the engines in the adjoining railway rard, she is moved almost imperceptihl)', inch by inch, from the mud a nd s l i me on to the firm board.

Once on the board she is quickly placed on the stretcher and wrapped in the "arm blan keto Then a short consultation as to the best method of conveyance to the hospital, "hi ch is about a mile away. The roads are up for sewerage work, so a litter is decided on, and the corporal trots 011 to get it while the doctor goes to make arrangements at the hospital.

The patient is nm\" suffering from acute spasms of pain in her back and legs, and the arri\ al of the litter is a welcome di\' ersion. The stretcher is loaded and the sad little procession sets Ollt,

The Supt. is at the front handles guiding with the lantern, the corporal at the rear handles, taking his cues to a,"oid a jar, ane.! the distressed parents follow.

It is a slow journey but the hospital is reached at last, and the patient is placed on a hed still on the board and left to the care of the sympathetic matron and her staff.

ow for the result, as the occurrence hook says.

The X-Ray reveals a dislocation and fracture of the ele\ enth and twelfth dorsal vertehrce.

Eight weeks elapse, and then the patient is taken home in the motor ambulance and removed on a carrying sheet with poles through a window on to her bed. Another eight ,\"e eks, and she is taken in the same way 16 miles to a surgical In-

A I D. December, 1928.

strument makers to have a felt jackct fitted, and IS brought home reclining on pillows.

Then \\ ithin a week she is walking awkwardly at first, and in threc months is swinging whistling her dog, with a ll the confidence of youth.

Now a word [rom an old ambulance man.

YOLl may have forty-nine cases some one else can deal with, e' "en an untrained person, and no rcal harm result only discomfort to the patient, hut the fiftieth case that al \\ Cl\ S comes sool1er or latcr requires textbook knowledge, trained skill and team ,\ ork. Then it is that the elm hulance men or \\"omen come into their 0\\"11.

Just as we go to press it has bcen ascertai ned that the patient has cntirely discarded the felt jacket. Reviews.

THE RED CROSS. TilE IDE.\ .\:\D ITS DE\·ELOP;\IE"T. Ih Coland Sir :\lagill, K.C.B., :\1.0. LOIlC.ILlIl : Cassell &:. Company, Ltd. Price .is. 6d. Ill'!.

The R ed hns made such great adY<lnces the past t\\Tnty yenr thai it i most l)pportulll' to haye before us an oillcial record of the stLpS which haye led to its remarkahle de\·elopment. one is hetter ljualitll'd (0 do this for us than Colond Sir James \Jagill who, as Hon. Organising Secretary of the British Red Cross Socil,ty 11:1'> before him all facts and figures.

In this concise, \y ell-wrillen anel mo<;t intcrcsting hook we are ::.hO\\,11 in Chapters I and 11 thl' heg-inning's of the l\Io\"lolllent from the First Gene\aConH'ntioll of 18b+ alld the \'nrious pl-ogre'>si\ e changc<; which led to the e"tablishment of the British Red Croc;s Society in 1 Y08, Perhap'> in this sect ion the author does not giyc as much credit a<; is clue to the Order of St. John for the ::.lwre \\-hich ih Illcillhers took in acl\"ancing- the \Ilwcmcnt and especially tl) the .\s50ciation which in 1877 commenced its ,>ucce"sful eA"orls to educate the lai,)" in those subjects nccessary to Red Cross work.

Th e n in Chapkrs J I [ and IV wc arc told ho\\- the 13ritioch Society came into lille with other 1'\ations with its o\\'n organisat-ion rlsponsihlc to GO\ernlllcnl : and \y e haH' placed before us it brief record of the wonderful lield of usefulness cm'ereel hy thc Joint Committee throughout the European \Var. I Il the final Chapter we arc gi\'e n a \"iyid and pleasing dcscription of Red Cros'> \H)rk in the future, illustrated by concrete of what some of the County Branches are actual I) doing at the prcsent time; and ,,"e reali"e that the British Red Cmss Sociel\, in addit ion to it<-; primary object of furnishing aid to sick ,u;d wounded in time of war, now seeks to do its share in "the improvement of health, the prcycntion of discase, and the mitigation of s uffer ing throughout the world " -as i<; laid down in its Su pplcmental Charter granted December 12th, 1919.

Trul y the book is most int eresting; and \\'e arc grateful to ts author for proyiding us ,, itll a history which, wc kno\\", will he \\'ielely read and enjoyed by many of our ITacler<.;.

"THE PLUMBER « JOURNAL OF HEATING" ". monthly) is THE paper for all progressive trade!'m eo -·Publishing Office 6, Cannon Street E.C

Red Cross Branch News.

BRITISIl RED CROSS SOCIETY.-The Duke of York, Chairman of the Council of the British Red Cross Society, presided at its ilalf-ycarly meetinoat St. Jame s's Palace on Thursday, ovem ber .22nct The mem bershi p of Red Cross and \'oluntary aid detachme nt s was stated to be over 20,000 women and men. There are also 2,000 junior Red Cross members.

The British Red Cross Society is asking its branches to collect old clothing to deal with the immediate distress and to form ,,"orking parties to provide the garments that will be needed in the near future. Persons IV ho wish to hel p in the matter should communicate with the president or se cretary of their county branch or ,,,ith the Secretary -G eneral, Britisl; Red Cross Sociel,', 19, Berkeley -s treet, London, \V.1.

BRISTOL.- The Committee of the Bristol Ce ntre have to report that keen interest in am bulance work is maintained in the C il,". The number of classes held being ]7 liming the year, 16 in First Aid (7 men and 9 women), 7 in Home :\ursing (2 men and :; women), a'iso 2 for junior girls and ] for junior boys in First Aid, 27 men also sat for examination in First Aid in connection with the :\Iercantile :\Iarine.

The classes ,,"ere made up as follows:Ladies' Schools, 3; Schools of Cookery,.2; :\I.Y.T .C., 3; Police, 1; Association, +; Factories, :); Education Committee, .2; Bristol City and :\Iarine Ambulance, 2; Barton Hill 'Cni;rersity 1; and Girl Guides, 1 ; 27 men COI{nected with the :\Icrcantilc :\Iari ne passed in First "\id. The number of candidates ,\ -ho inst ruction wcrc +00, and the number of successful ca ndidates 3H5.

\Ve hm'c also to report that the recommendation of the members of the Bristol Centre was s uccessful in securing from the Chancen of the Order or the IIospital of St. John of the hono ur of Commander of the Ordcr -for Dr. C. C. Lavington ; Serving Brother of the Order for Egbe rt A. O. \Vehb, the Secretary of the Bristol Centre; and a Vt.:llum Vote of Thanks to \\T. G. IIawkins, Esq., the lIon. Treasurer of the Bristol Centre.

B 1\TII.- Two , -ery sllccessful concerts organ,ised by tht.: three Bath detachments of the British Rcd Cross Society were held in thc banqueting room of the Bath Guildhall.

General Firth spoke of the excellent work of

the Society in Bath, and said the ne,," acti,"ities in the city took the form of a Blood Transfusion Fund, which was now well started, with Dr. as secretary, and a medical supply depot, It was hoped soon to establish, to provide Sick-room requisites, which would be ayailable for hire at a small charge to those in circumstances which prohibited the purchase of such things. One had already been established in \\Teston-super:\Iare and Y em"il, and they " ere also hoping to start one in Bruton.

C\ ,IRS. "\:-\D Isu: OF ELL-At the annual meeting of the Grand Council of the Cambs and I sle of Ely Red Cross Society on :\m"em ber 23rd, :\Irs. Aelams was re-elected president and chairman, Col. Beales ,ice-chairman, the Re'i'. C. F. To\Yl1Ie)', hon. treasurer, and :\1rs. Rygate hon. secretary. It 'ivas reported that although £350 ,,"orth of \\T ar -Stock had been solel to help in the purchase of a ne,\" ambulance, the Society still had a holding ,yorth £3,800. It ,yas announced that the executi,'e hoped to reyi, "e the competitions among Y.A.D.'s for the cups in the possession of the Society, 'iy hich had not been com peted for for se\"eral years.

DORSET.-Dorset Branch of the British Red Cross Society helel their annual compctitions for the :doullt Batten and Ilcbester challenge cups at Dorchester Territorial Drill Hall on Saturday, :\ oyem ber 20th. -

Dame Ber: I Oli'i"er presented the cups to the leaders of the \\inning detachments, to \"hom she tendered congralulations. She hoped that she would see the " inners of the :\1ount Batten cup again-at the final in Lr}I1don . . She ,yas sorry there were not more entries in tbe :\lount Batten competition. These competitions were the bcst possible means of training detachments.

It was not her c,,-perience that the members of th e team got trained and the rest of the detachment le ft behind.

\ \Ti th regard to the Ilchester cup team, she had been yery much impressed ,,,ith their ,,"ork, and she hoped they would go on and compete for the other cup.

H \ ,rpSIIIRE. - The final of the' 'Cooper" cup competition Y.A. D. 's, ,,"as contested at the Regent ITall, Je,\ry-street, \\ Tinchester, on ::'\o,'ember 7th, betwecn teams of V \.D. IIants 26 (Bart le'i') and V.A.D. Hants 3+ (\\'inchester). "

This year there were originally 22 entries from

various parts of the county, and these were first J . udO"ed in o-roups at four cen lres - Basi ngstoke, b b r Portsmouth, Southampton and \Vinchester. fhc tests were in first aid and in nursing.

OX A general meeting of the Oxforclshire bralleh of the Red Cross Society was held at the County IIal! on November 21st, under the presidency of Lady Evelyn Lady Mason (Presidp.nt), Dr. Gower GardIner, R.A . 1\I.C. (County Directer), Ir. J. A. Ta wiley (County Treasurer), Miss Burcharet (County Secretary) and Miss Richardson (Assistant County Director) \,-ere all re-elected, ",hi 1st the names of

Dr. Gower Gard ner reported that a notice had been received from hcadquarters to the effect that infant welfare lectures had been added to the of-ficial list of the Red Cross Society.

St'RREy. - During the progress of the committee meeting of the \Vimbledon Division of the British Red Cross Society, held at the Red Cross IIall on Monday, T\'" ovem ber 19th, at wh ich General Sir Malcolm Grover presided, Commandant Holder was presented with a testimonial 011 the occasion of his resigning the Commandantship of Surrey No.1 \Toluntary Aid Detachment. Mr. IIolder joined the detachmen t in 1911, first as Section Leader, was later appointed Quartermaster, and [or the last five years has been Commandant. Owing to professional calls he has been obliged to retire from his valuable voluntary work, to the regret of those with WllOl11 he C3.me in con tact in Red Cross duties.

SL FFOLI':- - The counly competi lion for men's and women's detachments were held at the AthenCCUl11, Bury St. Edmund's, on November 24th.

There were 1 11 com petitors from detachments from Bury St. Ed 111 u nd's, Vvood bridge, La\ enham, Ixworth, South\\'old, Hengrave, IIol brook, ;\ e\\"market, Long I e!ford, Sud bury and Stowmarket.

I xworth R cd Cross Detachment, Suffolk: 26, won the women's challenge cup, and will thus compete in the "Stanley" sb ield compeli lion.

S eated in front are l\lis'> Amy ;,[aitl a nd \Nilson (centre) the Commandant and on her right :'Ili ss Blydc (:\lalron of th e \Nest Suffolk IIospital), \\'ho trained td e detachm e nt. Lady Redesdale, Mrs . :\1 iller, Col. \Valler, Lady Pollock and l\1rs. Arthur Dillon were added to the list of vice-presidents.

I n the report and balan ce-sheet for 1928 it was stated that as Oxford and \Vhitney had purchased their own ambulances they would cease to come under the control of the B.R.C.S. after the present year. The total number of patients carried durinO" h b t e year was 1,26.), 205 of these being road accidents, as compared with 56 last year. Oxford City ambulance carried 709 invalids and 153 road accidents.

Decemqer, 1928. FIRST

Mi li tary Hosp ita l , Tidworth) and :\1iss Roy; superi n tend in g examiner, Dr . Laurence (Chippenham)

At t h e presentation of awards Colonel Sir Herbert Bryan, of Seend, who has succeeded Colonel F . G . F . Browne as county controller, presided.

Dr. Laurence announced the re'>ults as follows: Ch i ppenham, 893 marks (possible 1,000); ;\Tarlborough, 797; Sal isbury, 709; Bradford, 665; Tisbury, 664 Chippenham thus wins the trophy for the second year i n succession, and are entitled to com pete in the next rou nd for the Stan le y trophy, awarded for national competition. Last year they were successful in reaching the third round Marl borough 'were also winners of the second place in these com petitions last year.

Reunion Di nner.

AN interesting reunion of V. A. D.'s who had served in France under the Joint Committee and General Service Scheme from 1914-20, took place last month at Les Gobelins Restaurant. It took the form of a dinner and reception and was largely attended. It marked the end of a series of reunions where those who \\lorked together in the war years met each year to renew old friendships.

At this final reunion nearly 200 V.A.D.'s met for the dinner and 44 more joined at the su bsequent rcception. Most of the Joint Committee units were represented, especially the Crystal and the Boulogne Rest Station, the Etaples Convoy and Wimereux Convoy; there were also a good many members from the General Service Camp at 74General IIospital, Troville.

A I D. 163

and the first tentative days of the Join t Committee Overseas.

1\1 iss Mount Batten responded, and received a fine ovation from the large number of drivers present from the units she ably commanded at Etaples.

Grateful thanks were paid to Miss LethbridO"e who organised this final reun ion and all the oth:'rs since. their inception in 1820; and a very happy evening was at length brought to a close.

Miners: Ambulance Leagu e .

ARR

f\NGE:.\IE:\'"TS FOR

ARHAXGE..\IENTS are now being made for the annual competitions under the auspices of the Durham, Cleveland and District Ambulance League, of which 11 r. T. Greenland Davies, H. M. Inspector of is chairman, and 1\1r. George Watkin, of l\Iurton, Co. Durham, secretary.

Sixty teams entered last year, and the examiners expressed high appreciation of the work done and the marked improvement in the efficiency of the teams, making it difficult for the doctors to find mistakes.

The Committee are very anxious that general interest should be aroused in the work of First Aid, and that the large number of men who from year to year compete should be increased. Now is the time for classes to begin, and the Committee appeal for the co-operation of all workmen and officials to use their influence in assisting the organisation of classes to get teams to enter.

The following dates have been Bxed for competitions :-

\VILTSIIIHE. - The voluntary aid detachments of vViltshire met at Trowbridge on ovem ber 9th to take part in the annual competition for the Lansdowne andBoddinar cups, and the large attendance of uniformed members

and of the general public was sufficient indication of the continued interest taken in Red Cross work in the county. Five teams entered for the competition, as follows : - Salisbury, Chippenham, Bradford, Tisbury and Marlborough

The competitions commenced early in the morning and continued throughout the day. The The Judges were: First aid (oral), I?r. L. (Melksham) and Dr. F. F . Bond (frowbndge); first aid (practical), Dr. IIamil ton (Lacock) and Dr. Thompson (Devizes); un iform, Mrs J eHery (Dorchester); home nursing, Miss K . Allsopp (matron

Chief among V A.D.'s present were Dames Rachel Crowdy and Katherine Furse. More than 20 guests were entertained, notably the Director of Medical Services, Sir Arthur Sloggett; our cal Assessor, Sir Edward Stewart; \Vynch, Acting Comm issioner; Dame Beryl Oliver, so ,, -ell known at Devonshire I-louse; Lady Codrington, Chairman of the Selection Board; Dame McCarthy, Matron-in - Chief B.E.F. : Dame Sarah Swift, Matron-in-Chief to the Joint Committee; and also Dame Beardsmore Smith.

In the course of her delightful speech at the dinner Dame Rachel Crowdy regretted the unavoidable absence of Sir Arthur Stanley, Chairman of the J oint Committee; Lord Donoughmore and Sir Arthur Lawley, Red Cross Commissioners in France Lady Ampthill, Lady Perrott and 1\lrs. Fitzroy were a lso unfortunately unable to be present.

Keen interest was shown in the speeches by Dame Rachel and Sir Arthur Sloggett for the toast of the "Guests," and by Dame Katherine on behalf of the "V . A.D . 's," when she took all her hearers back to the early difficult days of 1914,

Donald Bain Divisional Competition, 2nd February, 1929.

Elizabeth Bain Divisional Competition, 16th February, 1929.

Finals at Durham on Saturday, l\1arch 2nd, T929. It is definitely decided that the examiners ,,-ill judge on the 1921 edition of "First Aid" Book. All entries are to be sent in not later than January 19th, 1929, to the secretary. All men engaged in mines or quarries in the County of Durham, \Vestmoreland and Cle\' eland are eligible to compete.

The Elizabeth Bain Shield is for Junior teams ,,-hich must be composed of persons employed in the mines who ha\ ' e not previously competed in any of tbe senior competitions, but may compete for three years in the Junior section, and are allowed one person who has been a member of a competitive team which has not won the Donald Bain Shield.

The secretary, 1\1r. George \\Tatkin, Park Yiew, l\Iurton, Co. Durham, will be only too pleased to giv any information. and will be glad to have the assistance of all ambulance men to make the com petition a further success.

By 1 [BIIJ )' w d /I m wi /, P ost h\\-orth Rcd Cro ss Detachmcnt, Suffolk 26.

and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules;-

I. - Letters containing Queries must be marked on the (op left hand corner of tbe envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4.

2.-AIJ Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the Journal, or in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.- The Textb ook, to which reference may be made in these columns is the 36th l 1920) Edition of S J. A, A. Manual of First Aid.

FR \CTCRED A"'KLE.

D.L.D. (Bridport).-Please tell us how 'C hould treat a casc of Fractured Ankle for which thc Textbook lay down no instructions. Should we be in order if we kept limb at re st on a pillo,,' and applied cold dressings periodically pending the arri\'al ot a doctor? Your kind help will be appreciated.

l\luch depends on circumstances of case and on deformity associated with fracture. \\'hile, therefore, your treatment would probably carry out all objects of First Aid if patient ",ere at home, it ,,'o uld certainly be wise if patient required remm'al LO home or hospital to trea t a for Fracture of L eg, as the T ex tbook. by omission of any special instructions for Fractured Ankle, clearly intended you to do.

N. CORBET FLETCI IER.

CO.\IPO ',,0 FR.\CTL'RE OF TIlE LEG.

\\'. l\1. (Kettering-).-In a rec ent competition we had to treat for Compound Fracture of Leg a patient whom \\' e found silt ing o n a chair with both feet on ground. Considemble argu1l1cnt arose as to the be'>t position we s hould treat fracture. Some placed him on floor ",hil others rais e d leg 011 another chair a nd others fixed fracture as they found it. Plea se giYe us the bencfit of your knowledge to the best method and accept our thanks for this privilege, which we appreciate \'ery much.

Clearly the right thing to do in this case is to tie limb to limb \\'ith bandages at a nkl es an d knees, and then to place patient recumbent 011 f100r before proceeding to treat ,,'o und and fracture. If you lem'e patient sitting on chair, he may fall at an \' mom e nt as result of shock and ma , - receive further injury or -aggr<l\'ate the original injury. :!\lany thanks for your thank s It is a joy to help those \\ ],0 a re appreciati\'e of

P \Y:\IEI\T OF DOCTORS.

T. R. (Pontypool).-.\.t a recent conference of "\.mbulance Secretaries the \yas raised as to \\'ho s hould pay the doctor, s upposIng the ambulance man, in accordance with instructions issued to ambulance workers considered it necessary to send for doctor, and ing that patient was either too poor or refused to pay fee for medical assistance. V\'e shall welcome your ruiillg on this point.

In law the incli"idual ,,-ho a doctor responSIble for the fee. So the amulance man doe s run a financial ri k when he Ull1ll1ons medical assistance, in the event of the patient being unable or unwilling to pay the fcc. Ke\'e r1 cannot imagine any doctor carrying his rights to thIS ext:eme, eyen though I do rememb e r many unpaid (and often wdd-goose) calls fOI- my as<:istance in street elllergen-

A I D. Deccm ber, t 928.

cies By the way, by a rccent decision in the law courts a doclor was dcclared liable for cost of hir e for an ambulance which, ordcre d by hill1 ill int ere"ts of paticnt, was used by paticnt for removal over long distance to her hOll1e. - N.C. F.

EX.-UlI",ATrO", HOWLER.

L. R. (CO\-e ntry). - In a recent examination a candidate ,,'as a ked to name the condition which was associated with pains in stomach, \ 'o miting, headache and purging. v\'ithout hesitation he rcplied :-" Too-..1lall), PO/SOll/lIg'/ v\ 'e thought this quite a good expres ion for" Ptomaine" and submit it for inclusion in your 1110st amusing "Gallery of Howlers ." Long may you suryi\'e to in -t ruct and a lso to amuse us! !

l\lany thanks for letter, howler and good wishes. Next, please !- N.C. F.

HOME D \",CERS OF ELECTRI C IT\,.

D. D. (Putney).-In the report on an inque t on a boy who was e ectrocuted while having a hath, I note that the doctor said that it s hould be 1110re generally known that in cases of Electric Sho ck artificial respiration should be continued for at lea t + hours. This it e m caught Illy " a mbulance el'e" and has been duly noted in my copy of Tcxtbook. 'I hope that it is correct.

Congratulations on restoration of sight to your" ambulance eye"! It lllU L ha\' e been closed [or a long time because I kno\\' you are a keen student of FIRST A ID and because llm'e been teaching this lesson in these columns eyer s ince A.ugust 1920 when I published in FJRST \.JD an article on Electric Slwck based on resolutions of Third Resuscitation Comllli sion held in New York, 19, 1918. - N.C.F. -

OF DO CTOR

l\f.:'I1. (Finchley).-A. of no little inten:stto members of the Brigade is to d ec icle what teps should be taken in thc identification of the doctor who comes to help of patients in street emergencies. Now and again we meet with curious tolk \\-ho opcnly or by inference lo\-e to ape the doctor; and we are consequently placed in an awkward situation wh e n we have reason to mistrust thc good faith of the doctor. \\ 'e shall, therefore, be grateful for your advice.

:'II)' sympatby goes out to you in thi" matter because I hm'c my se lf encountercd such an indiyidual on two occasions; and you may believe me when I te ll you that on each the inten-iew was \'e ry bl-ief and very emphatic. I suggcst, therefore, that you should with all II tact" and" discrimination" press home your question as to identity and in s isl on getting a definite <1I1s\.yer \\'ben you havc rcason to suspect that you are dealing with an unqualitied perso n I' assuming the Juties and responsibilities of a do c tor" (Textbook p. 27) No difficulty \\ ill with any qualified pra c titioner; and if you ,yere in Brigade uniform you would be within your right s if you asked the doctor to gi\'e you one of hi:; visiting cards for ubmission to Brigade auf horities. - N. C. F.

BLOOD DONORS SOCIETY.

T.l\1. (Bolton).-Please tell me the address of the Blood Donors Society. I al11 a mem ber of the Brigade and am on list of Blood DOllors of Bolton Infirmary and Di spe n sa ry; and I s nail be grateful for this information.

,V e regret that we cannot supply infon11(ltion desired; and we publish your query in the hope that some of our rcaders may be ablc to help. V\Tc can only suggest that you apply to the Secrctary of the Bolton Infirmary. - EoIToH.

Decembcr, 1928. FIRST

REVISED TEXTBOOK OF ASSOCIATJON.

M. E. (L.:VI. S, Rly. ) - 1 wonder if you have seen the revised Assoc iat ion Textbook which h as recently been published. Some members of our class which is composed of Railway men appalled to Gndthat the number of chapters has been cons id erably increased.

I ha\'c not yet seen the new Textbook; and I am sorry to hear that your members are distrcssed at the change in arra ngement of the book. - N. C. F.

ApPARENTLY DEAn.

D. (Croydon).- I am a member of the Brigade; and I ask if you "'ill kindly tell us what we should do if we found that a man apparently dead as result of heart failure or under su picious circumstances. SurE-I)' it is not wise to alter the position of body before arriva l of police as would be nece sar)' if we proceeded to app ly artificial respiration.

l\Iuch depends on circumstances amI more particularly on surroundings. The Textbook, however, lays it down that First Aiders must not assume df'ath to be present hecause signs of life are absent; and it emphasises that it is bettcr for a First Aider to treat a dead body tban allow a li"ing person to die fOI- want of First .-\'id. - N.C.F.

DAi\IAGES FOR V\'RONG TRE \TJ\E:\T_

D.N (Croyclon).-,\.t a recent Di\' isional leeting discussion arose as to wheth e r a Private of the Brigade could be held rcspon ible for damages as the result of giving the wrong treatment and making patient worse whereby a lot of extra expen e would be incurred, We, therefore submit the point to you and ask you to favour us ,,-ith your opinion

First Aid stands primarily for prevention of aggm\'ation or injury or condition. It, therefore, does not countenance acti\'e interfercnce withou t ,\'hich the ri k of making injury or co ndition \\'orse is not likely to arise. If l10\\'e\'e r a First Aider by gross neg-lcct or unw;lrrantable did do anyt hing which pcl1pably made conditions \\'orse, then I beIic\'e that he mig'ht exposc himself to an action for damages. For this reason the efficient First Aidcr is wise \\'hen he unloads his responsibility by transferring patient to care of a medical practitioner at the earliest possible moment, Th ereby he protects both himself and patient.-l

C.

F.

OUR DAl'\GEROl.:S Ro,\])s.

"S,\FETY FJRST" \Hites :- Bei ng interested, I wish to refer your FIRST Am publication of N ovcl11bcr, 1928, U Ilder the heading "Our Dangerous Roads Agaill," you make mcntion of the blind, epileptic, crippled and other such cases which are able to procure a clri\' illg licence, but omit whether these particular people are responsible in helping to make the toll of the road what it is to-day.

If possible, I hould like to kno\\ how many cases of accident, etc., were caused b\' the above strickcn people in 1927. -

vVhilst the statement made in our 1 O\'e mber ed itori al i we arc afraid that, despite' the present day yogue for sta tIstICS, the authorities hm'e not gone quite so far as you s uggest. Cascs hm 'c , howe\,er, been frequcntly reported in the pre s where pCI' ons physically aiTIicted in various ways hm 'e been il1\'o lYed in 111otor a:::cident as a result of their inability to contro l the "chicles in their charge. -

(. ntil some t sl or, at lcast, 1110re exha u stiye enquiry is InstItuted before li cences to drivc motOl' "chicles are issued we can hope for lillie improvement in thc dir ection of s afety on our roads.-W. S. t:->

HOBSON I, SONS (LONDON),

Ltd.

MANUFACTURERS OF UNIFORMS, HEADDRESSES

and ACCOUTREMENTS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION FOR st. John Ambulance Brigade.

All enquiriea toTOOLEY STREET, S.B.I. BRIDGE, Telephone-Hop 0680 (2 lines) and 7065. Telegrams-CO Hobson, Boroh, London."

ALLMAN'S POCKET ANATOMICAL ATLAS

Size 6" x 3t" (P lates i' x 6/1).

Illustrated by Twelve Coloured Plates from Original Drawings.

Contains an anatomical description of the plates and the arrangements and physiological functions of the Human Body, arranged in maDikin form. A valuable Atlas for First Aid Students. Price 1/- (post fI'ee).

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INSURANCES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.

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SURCICAL EQUIPMENT.

II STERAID (Regd.) series ot absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surglcal Dressmgs. The dressings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only the quantity of gauze 0r lint required; atter cutting this off, rota le the Container in the opposite direction and the remaiDing contents are completely protected from exposure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded the Certificate 01 the Institute oj Hygiene.)

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" SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving soiled dressings, ,anitary towels, etc. Constructed for affix:ing in any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bo ttom; the contents are easily removed by releasing .prinll, wi hout being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and ou. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS ; SANITARY TOWELS; "VALENDA" DEODORANT; II FIRST-AID" (Reg) DISINFECTANT SOAP; all c1.l.SSes or FIRST-AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c. Complying witb Home Office Re'1uirements.

SEN D FOR PRICE LISTS:-

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MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT and at 331. Sentinel House. Southampton Row. London. W.C.l.

SmaI't UnifoI'm Is Essential

TO ALL DIVISIONS OF THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE.

We have a specIalIty 01 S.J.A.B. UNIFORMS for over 20 years and are fully conversant vvith aU its reqUirements, both vvith regards to design and regulations, and also the vvearing qualities of the material.

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Greatcoats (Grey Frieze) £2

"

" Trousers (Btack Vicun(l II White Piping) 16/6 (lnd 12/6

., .. Haversacs (White Duck) 2/3

Ambulance Nurses CO(lts (All Wool Grey Serge) 31(6

Dfflcers' Unilorms, Caps, Sam Browne Belts, Belts and Pouches, Gloves Chevrons, etc., at very reasooable prices.

All Uniforms to Customers' Own Meas"remeots and strictly to RegulatIon.

Send P.C. for Patterns, PrIce LIst aod Measurement Form.

THORNTON & co., Tailors and Uniform Makers, 24, Commercial St., BRIGHOUSE,

December, 1928. FIRST

A

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AMBULANCE

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4-cyl. £610 6-cyl. £710

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SOOTHES AT A TOUCH

A I D. December, 1928.

MANUALS OF FIRST-A f D. &c.,

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AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

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for the The Independent Ambulance and Journal Nursing Services.

EDITORIAL.

HUMAN life has many phases. A HAPPY NEW In it are intermixed joy and YEAR. sorrow, health and suffering, work and pleasure; but at this time of each successive year everyone seems to forget all else in the spirit of good fellowship and cxtend the wish, not only to friends and acquaintances, but also to the man in the street, that he may be blessed with a happy and prosperous ne'''' year.

gratulatory missives we receive as to the usefulness of FIRST AID .

VIe li ve in the hope that, in the future as in the past, our readers will recount to us their successes, in addition to sending us news of experiences that may be useful to other readers, as well as consult US in their troubles so that we may be able to render them the best help in our power upon the advice of our able contributors.

Our policy is to continue to educate towards the greatest efficiency, all who carryon the noble work of alleviating the sufferings of their fellow creatures.

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A lth ough our publication qate is somewhat latc in the monlh, we really do wish our vast circle of readers a !lost Happy and Prosperous 1\ ew Year. In another sphere we might wish them good health a nd plenty of work, but because \\'ork for first aiders is coupled with suffering by other members of the community, we wish our readers Health, Happiness, Preparedness and the Will to stand fiml in any emergency .

With the publication of the annual number of a periodical, it is perhaps pardonable to recount a little of the preceding year's history. In the early part of last year FIRST AID resumed its independence and, as formerly, runs again as The" Independent" Journal for the Ambu lance and Nursing Services . I ts pages are open to all connected with the alleviation of pain and suffer in g.

Du ring the year we started our "Nurses' Pages," which arc compiled by a very competent Ambu lance Sister, and "which, we are pleased to learn, are ve ry much appreciated by our Sister readers

Towards the end of the year we experienced a shock by the udden and untimely death of our late editor, but FIRST AID stood firm and appeared as usua l for the benefit of its readers, and that exp lains our policy of weathering all trials and troubles and expe riencin g j oy at the encouraging and eon-

ACCIDEi\'T

J\'ND THE ST ,\.TE.

":l\IODERN propaganda leaves no doubt in the popular mind as to the appalling loss of life and limb incurred every y ear by industrial accidents , " states a wellknown authority in the January Issue of llldllstrz'al Welfare, who, in order to mobolise opinion and experience on this subject has invited statements from various authoritative leaders of industry- all of whom, it should be noted, are agreed upon the importance of the part played by "the human factor" in this connection.

" According to statistics of accident reports issued by the State," writes r. Cecil "\Valton, of Service Departmen t at Lever Bros., Ltd., "human carelessness enters into probably 60 per cent. of the reportable accidcn ts."

Another point of importance is the suggestion that has from time to time been made that statutory regulations might be enforced more and more so as to make "accident prc\ ention" compulsory. All the contributory employers are agreed that this move would be disastrous -------.--. -

"TDIE and time again have men E:.\IPLO\' ER' in our employment injured RESPONS1RlLITY lhemseh es by absolute disregard FOR ACCIDE:-\TS. of "\Vorks Rules," sates G \\. Ialcolm, l\Ianaging Director of the Salt Union, Ltd., in the January issue

of Illdustn'al TVel/are This question of employers' responsibility is a far reaching one, and such opinions as are expressed in this article are worthy of consideration.

Ir. Malcolm goes on to say: "Time and again have we refused to pay com pensation for a considerable period, entirely to impress the sense of his folly on the mind of the injured man . In my opinion the law requires some amenJment on this point, as the decision is invariably agai nst ihe employer because the acciden t arose 'i nand ou t of the course of his employment,' and ignores the personal responsibility. I agree there is a difficulty there, inasmuch as in the event of death or contin ued incapacity, consequences fall upon the man's family, but I think there should be some modification of the employer's responsibility in cases of this kind."

TI-IE important letter, which we

To FIGHT publish in another column, ASTI-DL\. signed by four distinguished doctors, t,vo of whom are at present in attendance on His will draw attention to the efforts ,,-hich are being made to investigate a group of disorders which deserve greater attention than they have received in the past. Among these asthma is, undoubtedly, the most distressing, but the victims o( hay - fever and eczema are probably more numerous and hardly less to be pitied. Only a few days ao-o a corob ner s ll1quest was held on a young man of 19 who had committed suicide. According to the evideIKe, which was not disputed, this unfortunate youth had been driven insane by the sufferings caused by eczema.

Physical methods of treatment, including raywhich is being used successfully at BucklI1gham Palace, are being investigated at the London Clinic as the result of an endowment by the British Humane Association, and we are interested to note that close touch is being kept with the latest methods of treating asthma abroad.

IT is always gratifying to be able

FIRST AID to record progress in a moveEQUIPMENT ON mentwith whichoneis associated, l\IOTOR particularly when the object BUSES aimed at is one that has been CI-L\RS-A-BANC. fostered and commended for some considerable time It is pleasing therefore to state that in the House of Commons. on I?ecember 18th a Bill" to regu late the first-aId equIpment of public service vehicles on roads and for purposes connected therewith" was presented and read a first time.

Mr, E. Ramsden, member for Bradford North ,

J anuary, 1929 .

who introduced the measure, explained that its ob iect was to ensure that on a ll public veh ic les, such as motor omnibuses and chars - a. - banc, there shall be carried a first aid outfiit and that there shall be someone on the vehicle competp-nt to use it.

It was pointed out that these vehicles travel considerable distances and go into remote parts of the country where, if an accident occurs, med ical assistance may not be readily available.

The measure is not intended to apply to railway carriages, tramways, or trolley vehicles and it was explained that the intention was to leave the regulations as to the first aid outfit to be carried, and by whom it shall be carried, to the Minister of Transport, so that it need not include boroughs or towns unless he thinks such provision desirable.

Ramsden pointcd out that in factories which employ more than ten hands it is alrcady necessary to providc first aid equipment and expressed the view, with which we entire ly concur, that it is much more necessary to make such a provision on motor chars-a.- banc, which may be very much farther removed from any doctor or person qualified to give skilled assistance.

The Bill is to be read a second time on January :23rd, and we trust that the business before the House will permit of its passing to the Statute Book before the forthcoming dissolution of Parliament.

" The Toilers . "

(The True Story of Coal.)

THE above striking Mining Film, the latest creation of Mr. C. Hanmer the well known Am bu lance has shown to very large auclJences 111 the follow Ing Y orksh ire Towns du ri ng the past month :-

Barnsley, Goldthorpe, Mexborough, Skelmanthorpe, Holmfirth and Kirkburton.

During January it will be seen at several towns in the Doncaster coal-field area.

The general opinion is :-" The film should be seen by workers in every industry, in all parts of the country " "It is indeed a wonderful production." "In' The Toilers,' Mr. Hanmer has excelled himself, and we all know the splendid thi ngs he has provided for us in the past."

Mr. Hanmer will welcome applications from the C?ast for one of his exhibitions . They are gIven WIth the dual purpose of rais i no- funds and making recruits He makes no chargebfor his services, and distance is no object.

January, 1929 . FIRST New Appointment No.8 District.

COMMISSiONER RICHARDS, who has been appointed to the Command of No.8 District vice Dr. Vernon Davies (resigned) first became connected with ambulance work in the year 1898, when he was placed in charge of the Ambulance Organisation on the London, Chatham,. and Dover Raihvay He soon fou nd scol?e for hIS organising abilities and, on the formatIon of the South Eastern and Chatham Railway Centre of the Association was appointed Centre Secretary. He was ultim'ately

at. short notice: In no single instance was there a to proVIde the requisite transport, although thIS meant that ambulance men had often to turn out late at nIght when a train load of wounded was expected, with the possibility of a long walk home 111 the early hours of the morning, and an eX,tremely short rest before taking their ordinary raIlway duty again.

T,he services thus rendered by the railwaymen met the u nq ualified approval of the medical a,uthontles, who freq uentl yexpressed their appreciation of the way in which the wounded had been handled, and testified to the value of the assistance rendered.

Mr. Richards is 3. Knio-ht of Grace of the and. in 1919, S. E. & C. Railway "\\ as constItuted a DIstnct of the Brio-ade was appoi.nted Commissioner. He has, occasIOns, been the recipient of handsome testimonials from those associated With him in the movement, in appreciation of his untlfll1g efforts in furthering the cause of "First Aid" to the injured.

In 19.25 he was appointed \Velfare Assistant to Gel:eral 1VJ of the Southern Railway, an.eI, 111 thIS capacIty, IS responsible, among other thIngs, for the organisation and conduct of the ambulance movement throughout the whole of that great undertaking.

Success has again follo 'wed his efforts , as is by the fact that the number of qualified hrst-alders on the Southern Rail'way has increased by no less than 50 per cent. eluring the past three years

Mr. Richards' genial personality has, undou btedly, much to do with his success as an Perfectly frank and outspoken in his dealIngs With others, and keenly alert to the necessary requirements of his office, he at once commands the respect of those with whom he comes into c.ontact- a respect which quickly develops into affection.

1

, , elected Chairman of the Railway Centre Secretaries' Conference, and, in this position, undou.bte?ly contributed to the very successful o rganisatIon of the ambulance movement 110"\\ in existence thmughout the railways of the country.

In the early days of the \i\T ar he was in .organising the necessary transport 111 WIth the unloading of Hospital trains at stations on the S.E. & C. Railway, and, In thiS connection, it is recorded that the railway ambulance men dealt with no less than 73 883 cases. This service was undertaken by the men at al l hours of the clay ancl night, frequently

of the progress in 1\0. Di s trict which man ifested itself under Doctor "\ crn o ll Davies' Command, is assured \\ ith r. Richards its head, and we all trust he may long be spared 1n health and strength to carryon the work "\\ e know he loves so much. ---.-.---

:'111', Geurge Balsillie, :\1. B. ot High g ate, Kend a l Diyi!::llon,;l Surgcon Sup1 of the St. JOhl1 ,\l1lbuJ a nce Brigade a1 h.endal, who died on J Lily lsl last, aged 38 year:-- left es1ate of lhe gross ",due of 15s. 7d., with ne1 persO.naltr £,3,830 19s. --lei. Probate has been granted 10 his Widow, Irs. Oli"cr Jefferson Balsilli e, of the amc a ddre $, 1he sole executrix.

Do es yo u r c olleag u e read FIRST AID, if not, s e n d us hi s add ress a n d we will post him a c o py"

Divisional Supt. Leonard Cockerill, of the File)' branch of the St. John Ambulance Association, has rec-ei,'cd from the East Riding branch of the Red Cross Association, through Colone l Easton, the of £,20 for the Division,

Clllllllli::.sillllcr .\. RICIJ.\IWS A'Il/I.}/ti 0/ (,'ra ce)

o. Dis1rict.

Brigade Reports.

No. (Prince of Wales') District.

CEXTR.\L ARE.\.-On January 25th Central Area holds it" Annual Social at Shoreditch Town Hall. Officers-incharge must notify Dist. Officer T. l\IcBride immediately how many tickets they require. These cost 1 /6 each, but they are only available for members and their personal friends.

A most en j oyable eyening was spent in the St. James' Church Hall, Clerkenwe11, E.C1, on the evening of December 12th last, \yhen members of the No.1 Division gathered together to li sten to a musical 1.reat provided by Miss Gladys J enwood and Misses Coleman and K. Stallard, and at \\Chich Miss K Earl gaye some humorous recitations

The Mayor of Finsbury, Councillor Chas. J. Sahourin, J.P., occupied the chair, and was supported by Lt.-Col. F. A. Brooks, M D., Commissioner, Dist. Officer T. l\IcBride, and Dist. Secretary Burton.

Lett ers of re gret at inability to attend were read from Dr. F. l\Ioseley and Lady Dist. Officer 1V1iss Walker.

During the e"eni ng Lt.-Col Brooks presented a fiftecn years serl'icc medal to Sergt. Austin and certificates to the following :-l\lessrs. K R. Stedman, ]. ivV Dennis, J. F. Smlth, L. H. A very, vv. G. Cox, ivV. H. Jobson, H. Hare, J. Clark, A. Lander, F. G. Collyer, H. Nichol011, H. A. ivV. Allen, A. R. Coppins, A. Palmer, S. A. Polton, H. Clark, \fl. 1\I. Brown, R. Mack, A. S. Courtney, F. H. Davi , W. A. Houlden, J. Green, A. Lawson, T. A. Guley, J. Thrasher, K. Stallard, A. Mall am, G. E. Chaffey, 'Y F. Bartlett, A. E. l\Iorris, J. Carnaghan.

?OUTlL\LL.-A jolly evening was spent at the Holy Tri11lty HaIl, Southall, on New Year's EYe, when memand fnenc1s of No. 55 Southall Ambulance and No. jJ Southall Nursi!1g Division danced the old year out and the new 111. In keep111g with all the events held 111 connectIon wlth t h ese diyisions, this [uncLion was a success. There was a large company, the doors hav111g to be closed at nine o'clock to all hut ticketholde.rs. Mr. A. \V Shead was as usual an efficient M.C, who l11troduced a number of noyelty dances, Spot prizes were awarded ,,!-nd fancy paper hats, streamers and 11.umerous novelties were distributed, which added to the f;alety o[ the The hall was tastefully decorated under the superV1SlOn of ]\Ilr. Shead. Ambulance S ister 1\1rs. :",ith the assistance of the members of the urSll1g Drvlslon, undertook catering, and the refreshments were served under h e r direction. Ambulance Slster :\lrs. was to attend, owing to an attack of At 111ldl1lght the company joined hands and sang Auld Lang Syne." Following a vote of thanks, on behalf of the Division, to the supporters the ane! members of the orchestra by Supt Ta 1 " 11 f h N' A <, . y 01, 1e S.ll1g1l1g 0 t e abonal nthem brOlwht a successful eysmng to a close Pts S Tilly is the Secretary. No. 3 District.

TOTTJ:\fCIL\J\f.-The n eed for a new motor ambulance ,succeed the one has had to be scrapped after 'ilxteen years of servIce was stressed by C " \\1. Hary ey Re yOn 'E J P ,0m111lsslOner , e e,s, .>. at the ,l nnual dlllller 0 r TT c<l.clql1arters DIYlSlOn 0 f the Northamptoll Corps or the Sl. John AmllUlance Brigade. c

Commissioner Rcc\cs said the pleasure of proposing thc toast, "The llcadquarLcrs Division, Northampton Corps," \\'as cllhanced by the facl that he had just completed forty years' membership. In the old days the Mctropolitan Corps used to call upon N orthamptonshire and Leicestershire for help on such occasions as Lord l\Iayor 's Show Day. The rations served out for those occasions were a tuppenny" meat pie for the day

In the five counties of which he was Commissioner, the To rthampton Headquarters Diyision was the strongest numerically, and there were 2,000 m en and women in his uistrict. It was very gratifying to find what wonderful interest and efficiency was retained by their division,

Until 1927 the ullit never made application for a flag day. The flag clay was such an unqualified success that no flag day was asked for last year, but he hoped that one vcould be obtained next year.

Sixteen years ago they acquired one of the most effic i ent motor ambulances in the country . It had done magnificent work, but now had to be scrapped. Ther e were the hom e service ambulances in the town but th e time had come when the Division must haye a good ambulance.

ivVELLINGBOROUGII.-}\1r. W Harvey Reev es , O.B.E.

J.P., the Commissioner for the District attended the anl1ual dinner of t he cWellinghorough DiviSlOn on Fnclay evenll1g, Decemb e r 21st, at the Masonic H all. He spoke in high terms of the work done by the of the Brigade in proposing the toast to th e Dn lSIOl1.

They were fortunate in having' as their superintendent a son of a father who had such a great int e rest in the work.

He \Vas pleased that the work ill Wellinocborouo'h was more m?re being recognised by the public. lIe kncw the ciJfficultles of an ambulance division, and it was up to tl:el11 to support superintendent to their yery Utl]loSt 111 order that he 1111ght be able to put the very best at the pucblic's disposal. In return, it was only faIr that the publIc should support them. The time had arrn'eel wh e n they should have new headquarters, and h e hoped that ·would be borne in mind,

ivVIlI!WJC:<.-That 59 cand idates were presented for eXamll1atlOn 111 connection with the V/hitwick Colliery amhulance ('lass, and all passed, was stated at th e annual tea and prize distribution at the Fox and Goose Hotel Coalville. There have been no failures for two years. '

Th e WOll, for the second ti111e, the Ambulanc e Challenge offered by the L e icestershire and South Derbyshire miners' welfare fund.

NO.4 District.

BURNOPFIELD.-The following students 0 f the Burnopfield branch of the St. J01111 Ambulance Association hay e been passed by the examiner, Dr. R. H Smallwood of Gatesheael :-First Aiel CerLificates: Messrs. S. Pres'ton, Dove!', J. Layton, W. Elliott, S. Preston, T. IIewison, C. Bur11lp, w.. ham, CRumley, J. J o11nso11, M. Patterson, J on, 1'. Spoor, T. lIug-iel, T. Rostren, J I r. Dal'lson, Cr W. Jon es, IT. Jennings, G. Fi h, B. T.ason , II. 1T crill, anci G. Rohson Voucher: Mr. T. Rlcharc1son.

J anuary, 1929 FIRST

The lecturer was Dr. F. G. II. Boland, o£ Burnopfidel.

VVJTITElT /\VEN .-Org a nisecl by the Whitehaven Division of the S1.. John Ambulance Brigade, a successfu l v\'hist drive ane! fancy .carniYal was held on Friday, January -+Lh. The wh1st <lrJve v,,'as helel in the Masonic 1 fall. Prize-winners :-Ladies: I, 1\1. Bales; 2, M, De"ine; 3, Mrs. Hawkins. Centlcmen: 1, 1\1. Alderson; 2, Parke!". Amhulance Officer R. B. Coyles was t he }\r.c., and those responsible for the arrangements were Sergt. p, Coyles, Corp l. Archard and CorpJ. Gill. The fancy dress carnival, helel in the Odd fellows' Hall, attracted 200 dancers, many of whom wore novel and attractive cosLumes. The hall had b een tastefully decorated. Music was supplied by the Arcadian Band.

No . 5 D i s t r ict.

C\STLEFORD.-At the annual competition held by colliery ambulance teams in the Castleford Division of the yorkshire. Collier.ies Le ag ue, Dr. Hargreaves, one o[ 1.he Judges, sald he WIshed to congratulate the OTeate r number of t.he competitors on 1.he intimate knowledge th ey had of the work, and added that in few examinations or competitions had there been such a complete knowledge of the answers to the question as there had been that afternoon. It had been really remarkable. They seemed to can absolute knowledge o£ the book, but it was not suffiCIent to be able to recite parrot-like from t he textboo.ks. They had to be able to interpret the meaning of It, and he belIeved that many of the competitors could do It. lI e thought they were ab olutely magnificent.

c DERBY.-Ambulance-Of6.ccr Fred Grice \vas presented \\'lth a gold watch as a memento of 22 years' service a secretary 0 f the Derby Division of the hrio'ade at a division socia l on December 18th. b

Dr. E. D: Kinsey, the hon. divisional surgeon, making the presentatlOn, sald that the office of secretary was a difficult If things \\'c nt wrong, the secretary came in for cnilClsm both from the ranks and from his superiors, hut he ",as g lad to say that Ambulance-Officer Grice had performed hi s duties satisfactori ly for the whole of the 22 years.

:\Ir. Grice, who has a total record of 25 years service in t he d i,:ision, thanked the brigade for the gift. He had always tned to carry out his eluties in an effic i e nt manner he said, and h e hoped he would be able to carryon for number of years yet.

Others who spoke were Staff-sergts. Hallam anel Flux, and apologies were read from 1\Ir. Preston Jones, the president of the Derby centre of the S.JA.A., and from l\Ir. II T. Ann.

SOll')"S and l11ol10Iog'ues were given durino' the e"enin o' by Ambulance Grice, Ptes. Pye Lamb, and l\Iessrs. G. H. Dix, G. \V. Smith, J. Rouse) and H Bayliss. Ptes. Farnsworth and Renshaw organised t he social, Wh1Ch lS the first held by the Derby division for a C011side rable time.

DONC\STER.-A distinguished company of ambulance men ancl WOlllen forgcot tl1cir arduous c1uties for a whil e, and assembled at the Lyceum Cafe on D ecembe r 18th for t he first annual dinner of tIle Doncaster Division ane! Ladies' Nursing' Division of the S1. JOh11 Ambulance Brig'ade, when presentations and awards" ere made hy the Mayoress, }\frs. Hep-worth. The DoncasLer Division has now a total meml)ership of ahout 50, and the Ladie s' Nursing Division 25. His Worship the l\fayor (Councillor R. II. Hepworth) proposed the toast of "The DOllcaster and Ladies ursin o Di\' isions of tIl(' St. John Amhulance Bri.e:acle" ancl

AID. 173

marked on the facL that he had Lccn placed on the lis1. for two speeches. .As .Mayor o£ Doncaster he was humbly grateful .for belllg Ilwlt ed to be present at 1.his, the firsL annual dmner, to giye the Division a send-off. " I hope we shall al:, be h e l." e t.o celc.:l)fate the 25th anniversary," he addecl. That IS_ Sl111pl y a hope, not a suggestion. If J take care of. mysel t and am not 1\la)'o1' again I prohahly shall b e; but If I am Mayor for a second time 1 shall he etead.

".1 do think that any organi ation of this kind which IS entIrely voluntary and asks for no remuneration for its good w.o:'k deser:'es encouragement. I think it is up to ev: ery cltlzen tc:> g i \ e 0 f h IS best, and I hope that Doncaster \\'111 see that It s Ambulance Brigade in the future will become one of the to·\\'11'S concerns."

HOLBROOK.-Aft er [lye years' effort on the part of the members of the Holbrook Colliery Division of the St. John At:nbulance Brigade, their hopes were realised c1urmg Chnstmas, when a room was opened by :\1r. T. Greensmith, managing director.

Assistant Commissioner Chambers said he was pleased to be ,:t the opel1lng- of the headquarters of the division, and WIth such a room to meet in, the brigade would be able to pracbse and keep up the high efficiency of N ortheast Derbyshire. Il l' sa id there was as much work for the women as the men, and he would ask them to serious ly consider forming a nursing division.

Ther.c \\ as an interesting ceremony at Rossll1gton CollIery \'lllage on "-ec1nesday, December 18th, ,,,hen the new headquarters of the Rossington brigade of t h e St. J o l1n Ambulance As ociation \\'ere formally opened by l\Ir. B. H. Pickering, agent of the Rossington Main Collie ry, in the presence of a large company.

The prem ises consist of a double Army hut cOlwertecl and made suitahle for the purpose mainly at the expense of the Colliery Co., and furnished bv the ambulance hrigade and nurses. '

SIIEFFIELD.-At the 26lh Allnual Dinner of Hadfields Ltd. Ambulance ociet)' held recently, it was stated that at a r ecent examination 12 first aid certificates, one youcher, th r ee medallions and 21 labels \"ere gained} thus repr esenting 100 per cent. passes for the seYenth year in succession under instructors A. E. Smith and C 'V. Tavernor

Sir Robert Hadfield complimented the society on this uniqu e performance.

No 6 Di s t rict

CossETT.-AL a gathe ring of Consett and District Ambulallce and Nursing- Divisions of the S.J.A.B. service medals of the Order o[ St. John were presented to Ambulanc e OBicer J. R. Bolam, Sergeant C. Almond, and Sergeant J. Hay.

DA\\,Dox.-The whole of the students \\'ho sat) 31 in number, were successful at the recent examination held in connecLion with Da\\'C10n Colliery Ambulance CIa s. This i:3 the third occasion on which the " hole of the students have satisfied the examiner since the formation of the pres e nt class in 1910.

SUXDERU:\fD.-Trihutes to the \\'ork 0 f the Sunclerland Eastern Division of the St. J Ohl1 Ambulance Brigade wer e made at the second annual dillner 0 ( the Divi iOIl hc1d in the 'orih of Eng-land Cafe, Fawcett Street) Sl1Ilderland, on December 20th.

The ;\Ia),or of Sunderland said that he was glad tn say tllat ci\ ic <luthori{ il's \\'cre heg'inning to appreciate more and more {hc yaluc of amhulance \\'ork. They did

not look upon the brigade now, as they used to, as an ornament. They looked upon the brigade as a necessi ty. He believed the Chlci Constable was very pleased with the assistance which the local branch of the brigade could give, and they had no 1110re loyal supporter than the Chief,

Proceeding, the Mayor mentioned a phase of ambulance \\'ork with which he had been intimately connected, and with which they would probably be more intimately connected at the end of this ,,·inter. As they were aware, a new edition o[ the handbook was coming out, and he llad had the honour of being one of the five selected by the Ambulance Committee to revise that book. It was last revised in 1916, and he was one of the seven who reyised it on that occasion They had tried to keep the handbook, as far as possible, in its present form, and had made it as simple as possible.

No. 9 District.

D.\RTMOUTII.-The second annual inspection of the Dorough of Dartmouth Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade was held at the Guildhall. The inspecting ()fficer was TjComJ1lissioner Mr. Hedley V. Milln, Commander of the Order of St. J oh11. The Mayor (Dr. H. ]. Call1pell, J.P., c.c.), President of the Division, and Dr. A. H. Brookes, F.RC.S.) L.RC.P. Hon. Divisional Surgeon, were present. At the conclusion of the Inspeclion 1\1r. Miller thanked the :Mayor for his attendance and the use of the Guildhall, and said it was a great pleasure to haye the opportunity of insp ecting the Borough of Dartmouth Division. H e expressed approval of the \\'ork done by the members during the inspection, and for the work of Police Sergt. Willcocks, and said that in the county of Deyon the constabulary were well represented in the various divisions. In Supt. 1\1arsh they had one of the pioneers of the work in the county, and he was congratulated on the exce llent work that was being done by the division in Dartmouth.

ambulance cOl1lpetition [or teams in the SOHLh IIams district was held in the Market Hall Kingsbridge, when two teams of women and five of men took part. Drs. Murphy and Roberts were the judges. Results:-

Alexlilldcr S lIicld.-l, Kingsbridge (Mrs. 'Wykes, Saunders, l\[lsses Richards and Solomon). Marks .)1 and 39, total 90 points. 2, Kingsbridge (Misses Stewart and Brown, Mrs. Stone and Miss F. Brown), 43 and -total points. -

Castle Point Cllp.- 1., Kingsbridge Police (Sergt. Honeyvnll, Salter and Litton) , Sn and /,), /ota1 1322" POll:tS. 2,. Malborough (Constable Sharp), 119:£ P0111tS 3, o. 1 (Sergt. Bailey), IOn P0111tS. 4, No.2 Transport (Officer H. H . Lu.gger), 10/ pomts. 5, Modbury (Sergt. Wood ), 80i P0111tS.

V ('rniqllet Clip.- l: Sergt. Bailey, 16 points. 2, Constable Lltton, pomts. 3, equal, Sergt. Horn and J. Perrott, 15 points.

.,. cups were presented by 1\1rs. 1\Iurph y and Mrs. "\ er11lquet, and the V crn iqu et Shield by Mrs Stapletoll- Cotton.

it has only been formed a short t11l1C, Pcllgnton St. .T ohn Ambulance Association has fine work. Wh en it is realised that all the work 1S voluntary it will be seen that it is a cau e whIch sh o uld be supported by the general public.

.some weeks under the auspices of the PaiO"nton Dr. /1. C. Adams .has been giving up bva1u _ c1hle t1l11C With Vv cclllesclay eYe1l1l1g classes in first-aid. Tt

A) D .

J anuary, 1929

has been decided that those who passed the examination in 1927 and tho e who passed it in 1928 will be eligible [or the Recruits Cup, which should be an added incentive to greater efficiency.

A whist drive-the first social function of the Paignton St. John Ambulance Association-took place at the Hydro Hotel, Paignton, and was yery sLlccessful, about fifty tables being in usc. After the drive members of the brigade and ladies of t he nursing division, lookin g \" e ry smart in thei r uniforms , seryed refresh 111ents.

Mr. H. j. Vick stated that since the brigade h as sta rted in Paignton 166 cases had been treated. The men attended -+3 public duti es, not including those \;"ith the motor-van. Since it had arrived in August, it ha d be e n called to 36 cases. It had been out three times that day. Forty-two weekly practices have been attended.

SrDllrouTII.-The first annual general insp ec tion of the local unit of the St. J Ohl1 Ambulance Brigade has b een conducted by Co unty Comm issioner I-I. V. Miller, of Plymouth, at the Manor Hall. The brigad e, who look ed smart in their uniforms, under Divisional Surgeon W. S. Campbell and Divisional Superintendent A. W. [rish "vere s ubjected to a thorough testing by Mr. l\liller ill the n:nc.lcring of first-aid to the inj ured , both practical ) and orally; and 1\Ir. Miller appeared to be thoroughl ) pleased and satisfied with the standard of efficiency shoWJl by t he memb e rs in such a short period, th e brigade having bee n formed as rec e ntly as July las t. At the conclusion of the inspection, which lasted an hour and a-half, the general public were admitted to the hall) and Mr. Miller, in addressing- the meeting, congratulated Sid mouth on the formation of the bri ga de unit and outlin ed the general objects of the Order of St. John, emphasising t he need for financial support in furtherance of it s work. He further stated that he came to Sidmouth that eyening with the knowledge that the local brigade was now fourth on the li st for the allocation of a motor ambulance, and h e was sure that when it v,as deliyered to the Sidmouth Brigade, the members) by their practica l knowledge of firsl-aid: would be able to r ende r good work for the alleyiation of the suffering, s ick a nd injur ed persons to wltom they were called upon to administer their skill.

TOT0:ES.-The annual insp ect ion of Totn es Di\"ision SL John Ambulance Association was made hy C0111missioner H. V. Miller, supported by Corps Supt. A. vVhe atley and Corps Officer W H Walker. Twenty-seven members were on parade, under the local po lice sergL, who is Divisional Ambulance Officer.

Th e Mayor and Superintendent of Police attended.

WTTJIYPooL.-During· December a p1 easa nl and il1structive evening was spent in the W ome n 's Institulc, Withypool.

Lady Perrott, RRC., Lady SuperinLendent-in-Chicf of ursing Corps and Divisions, presided, and was ably supported by Miss Priscilla P e rrott, Ambulance Sister Prince of Wales Corps, London District.

Several of the newly-formed Southm olton division \-",ere also present.

Lady Perrott and the Withypool Division ill\'ited th e visitors to supper, which was much appreciated, and vote s o[ thanks were proposed by Transport Officer G Hawkin s (Minehead) and seconded by Superintendent G. Roelle y (Southmolton ).

During the evening Lady Perrott stated that \ i\fithypool had been honoured by the visit of Minehead and S?l!thmolton Divisions, and that her daughter will be gW1l1g a cup carly next year to be compcted ror hy all divisions in the locality

Jan u ary, 1929.

F I RST No 12 (Irish ) District.

lRrsJ[ FREE STATE.-At the annual meeting of the St. John Ambulance Association) held in the City Hall d uring December., Dr. R W Leslie, who presided, sugges ted that a Ulllt of the Ambulance Brigade should be for med in Ulster.

The report of the joint hon. secretaries, Mr. C. G. Ewa rt and Dr. V. S L. Fielden, stated that during the yea r ended September 30th, twelve classes were held in connection with the centre

Mr. Ewart said the report was in some ways not a ve ry encouraging one; yet the fact that he had frequently rece ived inquiries from men who would like to get instru ction in first-aid showed that if there were classes in existence they would be fairly well attended. If anyone wished to form a class he would like them to know that there w e re funds available to help. The one thing lack ing in Belfast was a unit, or a number of units, of the Am bulance Brigade, which was only represented in the Nort h of Ireland by the Belfast and Londonderry fire hriga c1es. A unit of the brigade was a standing advertiseme nt.

Priory for Wales.

DISTINCTIONS FOR A?IBULANCE SERVICES. His l\lajesty the King has been pleased to sanct ion the follow i ng appointments and advanceme nts in the Venerab l e Order of the Hospital of St. John of J erusa]em submitted by ChapterGene ral on the recommendation of the Priory for \Va les :-

Officer.

Dr. \iVilliam Edmud Thomas, O.B E , L. R ' C P., Bridgend.-Dr. Thomas is a pioneer of the ambulance movement in Glamorgan and comme nced lecturing to ambulance classes in 1888 . He held the office of Sub - Commissioner for the Bridgend District; was e l ected a Serving Brother of the Order in 1912, and has continued to take an activ e part in ambulance work . During the war he was l\Iedical Officer at three auxiliary hospitals, was awa rded the O B E., and received a medal from Brit ish Red Cross Society He is a member of the Glamorgan Cent re Comm ittee and represents the County on the Grand Committee of the P riory.

Serving Brothers.

Dr. Christophe r Armstrong Crynant, Neath. -D r. Armstrong has held office in the St. John Am bu lance Brigade s i nce 1915 . when he was appo inted surgeon to the Crynant Division, which he was r esponsib le fo r ra ising Has formed, and lectured to, a n u mbe r of ambulance classes; presente d trop h ies for co m pet i t ions; generous ly supported the wo r k of the loca l b r igade, and is a pop ular officer of the Neath Corps.

Mr. Charles Henry Brown, Newport.-.lr. Brow n enro ll ed in the Brigade in 1904, was app ointed Sergeant i n 1922 and Corps SergeantMajor in 1926 He ho l ds the Service Medal of the

O rder for fifteen years' brigade efficiency), and has given great assistance to the development of amb ul ance work at the Alexandra Docks. He ovea.seas during the war, and after discharge 111 1916 aSSIsted in the conveying of the wounded to the hospitals

Mr. James Jenkyn Evans, Milford Haven.Mr. Evans' connection with ambulance work extends over a period of fifteen years. He took an active part in the Garnant (G.W.R.) Ambulance Classes, in which he enrolled in 1915, acted as secretary and inscructor for many years, established am bulance classes at Portardulais, Port Talbot, Letterston and Milford Haven (where he now resides), and has been successful in forming Ambulance and Cadet Divisions.

Mr. John Richards, Seven Sisters. - :;\1r. Richards interested himself in the Onllw yn (Seven Sisters) Division in 1912. Seven years later he was appointed Officer - in - Charge, and in 1925 accepted command of the Neath Corps under Sub- Commissioner D. iVI. Evans-Bevan. He obtained his certificate in 1928, and for t'Yentv years has been an enthusiastic worker.

iVIr. Daniel Roberts, Tylorstown. -:\1 r. Roberts joined the Brigade in 1907 and assisted in forming the Tylorstown Division, of which he was appointed Supt. He raised a cadet division of 70 boys, helped to establish a nursing division, and was appointed treasurer of the Rhondda Fach Corps in 1925.

Dr. John Macintosh i\I.A., :\I.B., Ch B , Trecynon, Aberdare. - Dr. \\Tilson has devoted considerable time to ambulance work since 1912, lecturing gratuito.usly to male and female classes each year. He is a keen supporter of the Brigade: presented three silver cups for competition, and encouraged the formation of the medical comforts depots and cadet divisions. He was promoted from Divisional Surgeon to Corps Surgeon in 1927, and at presen t is serving as acting commissioner for the Aberdarc Centre.

Assocz"ate Se1"vz"ng Brotlzer.

D r. Simon Simons, i\I.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Abertillery.-Dr. Simons has acted as honorary lecturer in first aid and its allied subjects for the past ten years He was appointed Divisional Surgeon to the West Momouthshire Corps in 1925, and cont i nues to take an active interest in the work of the Brigade

Se7ving Szster.

Miss May Protheroe, Llanelly. - Miss Protheroe enrolled in the Llanelly Nursing Division on its formation in 1915, and volunteered for hospital duties at Porthcawl (1915), Stebonheath 1916- 19), and Wrexham until 1921. One of the most active members of the Division, she has devoted cons iderable time to public ambulance duties

and taken a prominent part 111 thc social work of the Brigade.

TTell lf III Votes of Thalli,s.

:\Ir. Jame s Darlington, Chirk, Denbighshire . Darlington takes a keen interest in all branches of the Order's work in North Wales and gcnerously sup ports the work of the local of the Brigade. He has presented a cup and prizes to encourage am bulance teams, and is Chairman of the Den bighshire ·Centre.

Mr. Harold Thomas Dennis, Griffithstown, Dennis enrolled in the Pontypool and District Corps in 1909, and has given 19 efficicnt yea rs' service to the Brigade. He was mainly responsible for the Griffithstown Di'\ ision, of which he was appointed Supt. He organised and inst ruct ed ambulance classes and devoted much time to first aid work.

Mrs. Dora I\elms, Pontypool. - Mrs Nelms bas been a member of the Brigade since the formation of the Pontypool Nursing Division, to which she was appointed Nursing Officer in 1912 and promoted Lady Divisional Supt. in 1920. She has acted as assistant lecturer and instructor to the Pontypool classes, has instructed teams for competitions, and her services are in great demand in the district. Several members of the Nelms family have for many years been connected with the Brigade in thc Pontypool area.

TTote of Thanks.

:\Irs. Eleanor Benjamin Alexander, church, Glamorgan.-Mrs. Alexander has for many years assisted the Priory in its many activities in the Cardiff district, and was mainly respons ible for the setting up of the Medical Comforts Depot at '.Vhitchurch, of which she is honorary secreta ry.

Loss TO '.VORK.

After a long illness the death took place at his residence, Dyffryn, Llandaff, on Monday, December 31st, of Col. John Amal1t Jones, J.P., M.D., V. D., honorary st.lfgeon to the King, a noted South '.iV ales medical man and an arden t officer of the Priory for '.Vales.

Col. Jones had been actively associated with many phases of public life. His great work for the Priory will long be rembered. No man served the ambulance movement "with greater energy and enthus iasm or did more to deserve the distinction of Knight of Grace of the Order which was conferred upon him for his services. He was Honorary Almoner for Wales, a member of Chapter, served on the executive and ambulance committees, \\'as Commissioner of the County of Glamoro-an and from its inception had been connected with Order for tb irty-four years. In 1922 he received the Service Medal in recognition of hi activities in the Brigac1e.

A I D. J anuary, 1929 .

CROSS KEYS DIVISION.

There were interesting meet i ngs at Cross Keys on Saturday, Decembcr 15th, wben the Cross Keys Div ision celebrated its twenty-first birthday .

This Division, of which Mr. J Jeffries is Supt. and Dr. T . J . Smith, Divisional Surgeon, was formed in Ju ly 1907 It has a continuous record of voluntary service and one of the recent deve lopments was the training of forty boy cadets who have now becn enrolled in a Cadet Division.

The Reverend J . R . Evans presided and paid tribute to the work done by the Division, which, he said, was particularly valuab le in a colliery district and it was a glorious achievement to have kept such a body together for twenty-one years.

Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O.B E., who deputised the Commissioner for Wa les, presented warrants of appointment to Corps Secretary J . G. Collier and Divisional Supt. J. Jeffries . She congratulated the Division on its anniversary and on the formation of a Cadet Division, which was a valuable auxiliary . She hoped to see the Nursing unit, which had done magnificent work especially in Home Nursing, revived, and a fedical Comfort s Depot established, where invalid equipment could be borrowed in cases of sickness or emergency on the same principle as books from the lendin g library. Lady Lewis appealed for support for the :\Iotor Am bulance Transport Service to enable th e Priory to station a new up - to - date car at Cros s Keys so that every householder who contribute d one penny per week could hav'e the free use of tbis and any of the Priory ambulances in casc of accident or sickness.

Mr. G Hill, on behalf of the Officers and men , presented Corps Secretary J. G. Collier with a fountain pen.

Ambulance Work in Auckland , N.Z .

EXTRACTS FROM AN ARTICLE IN THE Sun BY MAX P . WHATMAN.

THE Auck land Corps of the St. John Am bulanc e Brigade was formed in October of j 893 with Dr. Dawson as Honorary Surgeon with the rank o f Surgeon Lieutenant-Colonel, and Mr. C J. Tunk s, the present Assistant- Commissioner, as Supt. Th e main object of the Association was, and still is, to train students in taking care of the sick Th e Brigade planned to put that knowledge into use b y keeping in a state of efficiency a body of me n trained to give immediate first aid to lhe injured , and all members had to possess first aid certificate s. At the end of the first year the Auckland Corps of the Brigade had 25 members and a considerable record of service. Its on ly equipment was an Ashford whee led litter and two stretchers.

January, 1929. FIRST

For 14 years the Association and Bri o-ade progressed steadily unti l , in 1908, a rn il estonebwas reached when, with a street col lection i naugurati n 0"Ambulance Day," £500 was obtained as toward a Building Fund The Nursing DIVISion was also founded; the number attendinG' first aid classes was greatly increased and 14Ashford litter stations were established in different parts of the city.

Five years later the Association shifted to its ncw station in Rutland - street which was dedicated by the. Rt. Rev. Dr. Crossley, Bishop of Auckland, on Friday, May 23rd, 1913. Largely owi ng to a bequest of £1,000 made to the Association by Sir John Logan Campbell, the building, which cost about £3,500, vvas opened free of debt and the committee was able to turn its attention to acquiring a motor ambulance wagon. About this time the Brigade members were put into their familiar black uniforms and commenced a regular attendance at spo rts meetings of various kinds.

Next year found the Association and Brigade

currence of the influenza epidemic with which lhe c ity was threatened in January and February, 19 20

A post-war reaction affectcd the Association however, mainly in the decreased number of attending first aid lectures. It was not lon o- conditions becoming almost normal once more bbefore the attendances improved and j 922 was record year. Over 100 men and boys and 451 women and gi rls attended classes and, of these, nearly 500 passed tests satisfactorily.

The great even t of the yea r was the com pletion of a ambulance wagon built locall y for the ASSOCiatIOn. It cost £350 and, used in conjuncwith a car also bought for ambulance work, aSSisted the Association to maintain an efficient transport service. The work done by the district 11 urses also increased during 1922 and in 12 months 8,143 visits were made to 621 patients. In following year another motor ambulance was purand excellent work was done, 236 patients havl11g been carried 2, 174 miles, 27 returned soldiers 144 miles and 25 players, who had met

fu lly prepared, when, on August 4th, war was decla red. l\Iembers enthusiastically grasped the many opportunities afforded them to assist the E mpire 's cause by supplying volunteers for active serv ice and making garments and first aid material for soldiers and refugees. The Epsom Nursing D ivision, which was founded on November 15th, 19 14, equipped and staffed the Epsom Convalescent Ho me for wounded soldiers which was opened in Se ptem ber, 1915. Attendance at football matches a nd race meetings was carried on, as usual, in add ition to the extraordinary war work.

Far from sinking back: intq a state of comparative coma after the strenuous years of the war, a g reat new work was founded in 1920 when the District Nursing Service began operations" on Ja nuary 5th. During the first two months of the serv ice, 1,323 visits were paid to 155 patients with exce llent results The Association's nurses also co ntributed materially to the checking of the re-

with accidents on sports grounds, a distance of 388 miles. A street collection and appeal by circulars was launched to procure funds for the maintenance of the District N u rsi ng and Motor Ambulance Services, the satisfactory sum of £1,302 being collected.

The Association now has four motor ambulances specially built and equi pped \yith all modern appliances such as balloon tyres and shock absorbers to ensure the comfort of the patients. Each ambulance has an adequately stocked first aid cupboard. 1\1r. S. E. Langstone, Transport Officer, and his assistants are skilled ambulance men as well as efficient chauffeurs, and can always summon to their assistance one of the district nurses or a member of the Brigade. During the past two years, by arrangement with the Harbour Board, an am bulance has been kept at the station on Queen's '.iVharf so that it is always available fo r attending to casualties on the wharves or waterfron t. It has

Group show ing- about one-third of the members of the St. John Ambulance .--\ssociatioI1 and Brig-ade of Auckland, N.Z., afte r a Field D ay.

also been arran o-ed with the Hospital Board that the }\ssociation'sb ambulances assist in the transport of patients to, or from the hospital when needed. Ashford litter stations are maintained at Mount Eden Birken head 1\ orthcote, Devon rort, Oneand thc o'nehunga wharf. The first aid and home nursin o lectures are more popular than ever and 'werc last year by 1,4+0 pupils, most of " ,hom o- ained the certificates of the Association. Lccture; are given at various rail way stations in the province, the department having decided to offer its cm ployees every facility to obtain a knowled o- e of first aid to the injured.

b Three trained nurses and one probatlOner are kept full y occupied with the District Nursing Service and last year 6,575 vists were made to 951 patients; doctors 'were assisted at 33 operations a nd 110 out-patients were treated at the Ambulance Station, the number of visits totalling 951. The

A I D. Januar y, 1929.

John Ambulance Brigade Overseas) and the Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem.

The Association must not bc considered as arival to the medical fraternity. Its primary purpose is to afford relief until a doctor can arrive, and the excellent understanding it has with medical men is evidenced by the fact that more than 120 doctors are honorary members of the Association's m.edical staff in Auck land alone.

Mr. \iVilliam Rattray, who celebrated his 76th birthday last August, has been secretary of the Auckland Centre for 33 years. He was appointed to the postition on August 17th, 1895. After holding the post for 17 years, 1r. Rattray was compelled, through bad health, to resign and assume the less arduous duties of honorary treasurer. In a year, however, his health having !mproved, he was back in harness, and has been secretary ever since.

To quote the Assistant-Commissioner, Mr. C. J. Tunks: "M r. Rattray has been enthusiastic, consistent and persistent in his work for the Centre. "

Under 1r. Rattray's careful guidance the work of the Brigade in Auckland has developed rapidly.

The Triangular Bandage used in France a Century Ago.

Fi c ld D ay P a ra d e of Am,bulan ce Cnit s in ;\u c kl a nd, N.L.

A ss o c iation mak es it known that the N ursin 0Seryice is for the benefit of the sick poor Th os e in the position to do so are expected to s ecure the services of a trained nurse, as the As s ociation nurses are fully occu pied in attending to more deservinf; cases.

The Bri g ade is in a better position than has e \' er been the case hitherto. Tew divisions have b een .formed; older divisi o ns have received many r ec ruIts, and there has been a remarkable increase in efficiency and the amount of work done by both Ambu,tance and Nursing Divisions. Nearly 9,000 first aid cases were attented to by Brigade members last y ear in addition to 2,707 cases attended to by the Association's transport officers at Oueen's ,\Vharf. ,..,

The Ambulance Department of the Grand Priory in the British Realm of the Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem is now divided JI1to three separate parts. There is the St. J ohn Association, the St. John Am bulance Bngade (In the case of New Zealand, the St.

'\iVE have reccntly had the pleasure of reading a book publishcd in Philadelphia, U.S A , in the year 1859, entitled "Minor Surgery," by Henry H. Smith, AS,sistant Lecturer on Chemical Surgery in the University of Pennsylvania, being a reprint of the third edition.

It was kindly forwarded to us by Mr. Phillips, an Instructor in First Aid of the Canadian National Railways, who di rected our attention to Part Second of the work which deals with "The Handkerchief System of Bandaging of M. layor, of France.

As the question of ascribing credit for the introduction of the triangular bandage is in dispute, a few of the facts and directions laid down by Mayor may be illuminating, particularly as the triangular bandage is commonly referred to as the Esmarch bandage.

That the illustrations thereon may be Esmarchian is correct, but that it should be designated the Mayor bandage is still nearer the truth as will be proved by the following reference to this French surgeon's writings.

Dr. Smith devotes no less than sixty-four pages, the whole of Part Second of his work to the use and application of the Handkerchief or square linen bandage of Mayor showing how it may replace the bandages of which he has treated

January, 1929. F1RST

at some length in Part First (chiefly roller bandages).

Passing over the use of the smaU square or oblong bandages made by folding a large square bandage, we come to the triano-ular bandage which is described as follows :_ b ,

II This triangle must vary in size accordino- to b the part to be cpvered by It; though the largest of those employed at Lousane is about a yard in length, and half yard from its summit to the centre of its base. Thus formed, the parts of the triangle are the base, the angles or extremities, and the summit."

It will therefore be seen that Mayor, certainly before the year 1838, the date of the publication in Paris of the Third Edition of his work, used a triangular bandage similar in every respect to that now issued by the St. John Ambulance Association a lthough slightly smaller in size.

In commenting upon the use and benefits o f the triangular bandage of Mayor, Dr. Smith s ay:, :-

" This principle, which is certainly correct, is the one M. Mayor has the credit of prosecuting to perfection, although for many years exposed to the sneers and ridicule of his professional brethren. As his plan of treatment is daily becoming better known, his system is now (1858) meeting with the respect to which by its merit it is entitled."

It is not, however, pretended by him that this n e'\v description of bandages can supply completely place of the common roller bandage; for, as he Justly observes: "There are cases which require a methodic compression of a certain energy-but as t hese are comparatively rare, handkerchiefs should b e employed as a general rule, while rollers should fo rm but the exceptions."

The reasons advanced by giving prefe rence to the triangular bandage for general use, b oth by the surgeon and others in the absence of t he scientific man (the First Aider), are most intertesting, and certainly, in the opinion of the writer, a re worthy of the serious attention of the general p ractitioner, who too often is not an expert in the p roper application of the roller bandage. :\ layor's own words in stating the principle are a s follows - -

" To reduce as much as possible all kinds of a pparatus to their most simple principles, by making them dependent upon particular and uniform Id eas; in order that the parts of such apparatus, or t he material objects of any dressing, may be so comm on, and of such a nature, as to be met with under ev ery or nearly every circumstance, no less at the d isposition always of the surgeon than of other pers ons; and that, in the absence of a scientific man, t hey may be applied with facility by the , first co mer, after very little instruction. I n other words, t o find out a means, simple, easy of application,

eve.r at hand, or at least always to be obtained, may replace lint, compresses, banda g es and lIgatures, such as surger y ordinaril y requir es f o r the various species of dressing s ."

The Edit?r feels sure the fo reg oin g fac t s a s brought to hiS attention throu g h the kindne ss of one of our instructors will be appre c ia t e d b y all our readers. They place be y ond all doubt thc fact th at t o M. Mayor, of Lousane, should be g iYe n th e cre dit for the introduction of and th e e labor a ti o n of th e use o[ the trian g Lllar banda g e, fo r n ea rl y o n e hundred y ears a g o he not onl y wr o t e ab o ut it bU L demonstrated be y ond all doubt th e m a n y u ses to which it could b e e mplo y ed in min o r s ur o-e rY.Canadian F irst Aid. t>

Reviews.

HOW TO E:.IJOY H E. \LTH.

By Cla ud e L illin gto n , fll.D. , an d I\ o rah Hill , A.R.R ,S, L on d o n: H od d er & Sto u ghton. Prz'ce 2S. 6d lid

On e of th c f un ct io n s of t h e L eag u e of R ed Cross Societies is p ro \ id e Edi to r s of R e d Cross J o u rnab \\-ith original a rttcl es o n h ca lth a nd preye n t i\'e me di c ine I n th s ,"o ume w e find a se ri es of 3 7 bri ef a nd pi thy a r ticles on \'arious and \\-id e ly diffe r e n u bj ects, se lected by t h e a u thors ,,'ho sign eac h \"ith th e ir initi a ls an d \\'h o ho p e h at in book form thLe\' m a y p r o\' e in te r e t in g to ot h e r s than h e Red eros publiL:.

On hi s po in t \\' e e nt erta in no d oubts beca u se each and e\'en a rticl e l'S in te r estin g a nd in st ru cti\-eA g la n ce at t h e co n te nt s l ist r eyea l t h e g r eat \'ariet\' of s ubj ects di sc u ssed, a', fo r exa m ples, " O ur Bl oo d " C o ns tip a ti o n, " " Fl eas," " D r ug .-\ d d ict ion," " :'II edical , \ I ec t s o f T o bacco," " Fir st A iel in P o iso n ing" a nd so on until a ll 3 7 a r tic le h a \'e h ee n dc \-o ur ed IJ\' enth u sia::,tic r ead e r s E ac h a r icle m akes d e li g h tfu a,; d instructi\'e r eadin g, a nd co uld ,,'el l b e m a d e t h e topic fo r discussion at m ee tin gs of a mbul a n ce ,,'or k ers In bri e f, t h e boo k is of goo d appearance, \y ell printed, pl easa ntly \Hi tte n a nd pac k ed w ith ju t tho"e of kn o \\ e cl ge ,, -hi c h a ppea to most of u s \y hether interested in Fir st Aid o r n o t. Ind ee d , i t - h o u ld h m e a most successful ca r ee r; an d w e co rdi a ll y co mm en d it to our rea cl er::-, tho u gh, knowing fr o m e xp c ri e n ce t h at th e r a nk a nd fi le of the A m bula n ce l\I o ye m e n t ca n ill affor d 2s 6d. for a m - one book ,,-e could b a\'e \\'i s b e d t h at a ch ea p er e d it ion ,,'ere a\'a il ab le for th em at, sa y , 1 p e r co p)'.

FACTORY Al\'D WORK S HOP NO T ICE OF A,CCIDE :\ TS.

An ord e r e nti tl ed Th e D a nge r o u s O cc ur re n ces :\ lllitiC<ltion Order, 1928 a nd m a d e by t h e S ec rd an of S late LI nd er th e Notic e of :\ c c id e nt -\ ct , -1 906, is no \\' sale at H,l\I. S ta tion e ry Orti ce, pri c e 1d. n et, l)J' t m a r be obtainu..1 throu g h a ny bo o k se ll e r. Th c o rder scts o u t a numb e r of acc id ents of \" h ic h notice mu t be gi\'e n \\'h c tll c r p e r so n a l i nj u r y o r di sab leme n t i:" ca us e d o r no t. , \11 r es pon s ib le p e r s on s in fact ori es el l' \\ o rk s h o[ls obtain a copy.

Rat/way Ambulance News.

Southern .

DrnSION,\L called to th.e fact that teams wishing to ente r the CompetItions must give nolice to the AssIstant) the District Secretary) on the speCIal form provIded f01 the purpose, not later than January 31st) The ach'ice will be acknowledged by the Welfare 111 due course.

DE.\L .\:'\0 \t\',\L:\rER.-The awards gained by the memhers of the Deal and \Valm er Division were presented by .l\Ir. A. \tVhite, Divisional Operating, Superintendent at ,a ,'cry largely attended concert held In the St. Andrew s Hall recently. Dr. F. Hughes) the MedIcal ,Lecturer and Divisional Surgeon, spoke of the very conSClentlOus manncr in which the men carried out their work; how they hael dealt with 172 cases of accident during the year) and had, in lllany other ways, worked fo r the benefit of the public in their spare time.

FELTIL\"\1.-An intere ting gathering was held at the Hailway JIotel, Felthal11, recently, when the members of the Class were presented '\'ith their awards) by 1\1r. VV. Vaughan, the Loco. Running Superintendent. In makmgthe presentation Mr. \' aug-han sl(oke of the many ac1yantao'cs of a knowlcdg e of first aId, and showed how trethe scope of the first-aider had increased with thc additional road traffic of to-day.

LOl\'Dol\', - What has come to be looked upon as an annual event, and will, we hope) be the forerunner of many such competitions- in view of the generous offer () f the General l\1anager 0 f a handsome trophy-took place at London Bridge recently, in the shape of a first aid competition among lady members of the staff.

Three teams, representing London (East) Divisional, Operating, Audit Accountant and Tndoor Commercial Manager's Offices, took part, and a very, keen contest was i l1dged by Dr. II. A. Dunlop, the :'I1echcal Lecturer, resl1ltin o in a win [or the London (East) Divisional Opefcrting team.

Great Western.

\\le understand that :;\Ir. J. H. Cordwallador, who has hitherto filled the position of Divisional Secretary for the Newport B (No, 7a) Division is also taking over the Secretaryship of the N ev/port A ( o. 7) Division, rendered vacant by the resignation of Mr. ]. II. Hill.

CAR),IARTIIEN.-Members of the Carmarthen Locomotive Department Class assembled recently at the residence of Dr. Harris (lecturer), and rec e ived the awards gained in recent examinations at the hands of the Mayoress, An excellent musical programme had been arranged and 'was much appreciated .

ClIII'PING SODBURY.-The Chipping Sod bury Class held ils annua l dinner at the Dog In11, Old Sodbury) on the evening' of December 13th, when 1\h. Weeks (station master) presided, and was suppo rt ed by Dr. Sarapain, and the Rev, 'vV. Burgess, Vicar of Old Sod bury. The presen-

tat ion of examination awards by the Vicar followed the repast and Mr. ]. Edmonds (Class gave a bnef report of the work of the Class, whIch was formed some 18 years ago, and included no fewer than 8 gold lists Mr. Edmonds has been Secretary of the Class Sll1ce its formation, and his valued services were recognised by a gift presented on behalf of the Class by Mr. W. J. Wellon.

o[ the l(iclderminster Class met for thei r annual dinner at the Black Horse IIotel, on December 13th, when 1\1r. A. Pasco master) presided. Subsequent to the rep,ast! eXamll1atIOn awards were distributed by 1\1r. R. W. Hlggll1S (ASSIstant Divisional SLlperintendent) who) in doing so) gave an excellent address on ambulance work on the Great Western Railway. Mr. S. Price, the Class Secreta,ry) and Dr. Smeeto11 Johnson also addressed the gathenng. A most enjoyable evening was spent) during which a number of musical and vocal items were contributed.

LLANELLY.-The Mayor and J\layoress (Alderman and Mrs. \iVillis Jones) were present at a gathering' of members of the LIanelly Clas held at St. Dayicl's Hall on the eYenin o of December 13 th. The J\Iayor revicwed ambulance in the town over a period of 37 years and r eca ll ed the first Class held, which was a railway class and at which he was present. The examination awa;ds were distributed by 1esdames Davis, Sarlin and Oakes, and Dr. 'vVilliam (Class Lecturer) ,,,, as made thc recipient of a dressing case) subscribed for by the mCI11bers at the hands of the l\Iayoress, whilst H. Webb ( received a smoking outfit. The ",,:-ried musical programme was appreciated by the lar ge audIence

SUREWSBURY.-There wa an attendance of ahout 80, representing- the Shrewsbury AmbulaI:ce C lass es at a socia l evening held at the Old Post Office IIotel, Shrcv\' shurl', 011 the evening of December 8th, when Mr, A. James, Assistant Divisional Superintendent, presided and gave a brief report of the progress of ambulance vvork in the Chester Division. Examination awards were dls'tributed by 1\1r. H, H, Bird (Assistant Divisional Engineer), and during the evening Dr. Downer, the Lecturer, was handed a medical volume as a token of the esteem 0 f the class members. Messrs. Hatton and Price (Secretary and Inslructor respectively of the Coton Hill Class) were presented with walking sticks Among other speakers was Mr. R. H. Pryce (Divisional Ambulance Secretary) who gave some interesting facts and figures with re gard to the progress of the movement in the Chester Division, and expressed pleasure at the way. 111 which the younger members of the staff were commg forward, The various speeches and presentations were int e rsp ersed by musical items.

SOUTII j\LL.-Mr, R. H. Nicholls, Superintendent of the line, distributed over 100 awards to successful examinees of the Southall Class at King's Hall, Southall, on the evening of December 11th, when Mr. A. S. 1\1ills, Dis trict Goods Manager, presided over an enthusiastic gathering. During the proceedings Dr. McKenna, who has become Lecturer for the class, vice Dr. Seccombe, was pr ese nt ed, on behal f of the class members, with an expanding' suitcase, whilst Dr. Seccombe was handed a framed photograph of the Southall team.

J an uary, 1929 . F I R S T

The awards presented included no fewer than eight go ld effic iency medals, and one gold bar.

TRURo -ln the course of an interesting speech on the occasion of the distribution of awards to m embe rs of the Truro Class, Mr. H. S. -? WhitIcy (DlvlslOnal Engineer), who was closel:y assOCIated WIth and dId [o r the movemenl III the ;olvlslOn from whIch he was recenLly transferred, peml hi g h trIbute to ambulance workers . He said that ambulance ,a labour of love, in which the ,men of theIr tllne JJl orde r to render efficient service to theIr fellow and olhers. IIe cited the case of an old, ganger .wIth upwards of 30 years effic iency who was stlll devotmg three niu'h ts a week to this work and who h a.d been al?Ic to valuable assistance on many occaSlOns to chlldr,en and others injured in street He spoke appreCIat ively of the so carned ont by 1\1r. R. q, odder, the and on behalf of hIS own department (englJ1eenng) saId It would not, hiS fault if they lagged behlJ1d 111 ,the Plymouth DIVISIon. On behalf of the Class, ::\1r. Whitley handed Dr , Molony it silve r mounted walking stick with t he thanks and good wi hes of the members, .'

The presentations of eXamll1atIOn al:d other awards, made by the Mayor (Mf. R. K. Worth) lJ1cluded the first medal gained in the Plymouth Dl\ I?lOl1, t he recipient being- the Class Secretary) 11r. F, GraCle,

London , Midland and Scottish .

DURTON-O T-TREi\T,-The annual supper and social ,of t he Ambulance Class was in eve ry way a successtul g athering'. ,

/\.{ter supper the awards at the, 1928 eXCll11J11(lti ons WCl'e presented. and the C h a Irm an, m callIng upo,n .:\ lr. Fro,t to pedorm the ceremony,: expressed hIS a ppreciation of the continued J1lterest, chsplayed by ral.l\\'aymen in amhulance work, He notI,ced that the LOl d a mi Lady Burton challenge usually g:rac,eel this table, ,,'as absent on thIS OCCaSlOl1. a,nc\ l:eartlly c Ol1 o Tatu lated the Town Brigade on WJl111Jl1g It) thIS the second occasion only on which It had passed the railwaymcn's possession. ince ItS

The rail\\'aymen would take up the challenge 111 the friend li est of spirit and the tovm must expect a keen fight f or it next year.

LONDON DISTRICT TROPIIY COMPETITIOX.

-This competition for second division teams of No. District was held on Decell1ber 15th last. A very 1l1terestin o st r etche r test was set by Dr. H. F. Walker, and I?r. R. MacFadden set the practical tests. 'l'I'l'a 'l 'oce tests were set by Dr, A. Rees. The competIlIOn was won by the Enslon with 326 marks) close]): followed by Southend WIth 32.), The 'vVood gale Cup for individ ual work was won by 1\1r. ?: 1\1. Hatley) of the East Ham team, After the competItIOn the doc.tors accorded a heart y vote of thanks, and) in th.eI,r r eplIes, pointed out the failings of the yarious teams, gllT1l1g a few hints for future.

CARMARTIIEN - The awards gained by members of the Amb ulance Class were distributed on November 17th, The l11eetiI1O' was presided over by Mr. J. Thomas ) and the were m.ade by Mr. o,:vho a brief but encouragmg address, congi atulat.111t- the 'Class upon its consistently gooel record, and aske: l to take an actne a nd 1l1telllg:ent Interest 111 Fll st Ald. ., The Class Lecturer, Dr. Gibbon, who has g n 'e n. hIS sery ices freely for some years, was recently recognIsed

by the St. John Association by receiving' the c. V cllum of Thanks."

J\mbulance j\{ ews euttings from the

T he Editor invites Readers to se nd newspaper cuttings on matters of general interest for inclusion in this column.

CIIlLD SCALDED.

A two-year-old Bristol boy, Alan l\1ilLon, of 15, Perrystreet, Stapleton-road, was severe ly sca ld ed by boiling' \Hlll:r. vVhen his mother had left the r00111 to a knock at the door the boy climbed lip on to a chair by the flre, in front of which was' a g uard, and pulled a saucepan of boiling water on to him self, The right side of his body was scalded and h e \,'as taken to the Bristol Roy a l Infirmary in the St. John ambulance and detained.-Brt'slol Times.

H ,\\\'SER D.\NCER TO CARS.

\ motor-car in ,,'hich :\lr. T. F. Green, his ",if..: and t\\O chi ldr en were tra\'elling from Staplehur t to Tenterdel1 ran in to a sleel ha ,,'ser stretched across the road. fIlr. Green noticed the ha\yser when about len yards fro111 it. H e s hout ed a warning to his wife.: and children; and all du cke d their hends, The hawser ripped the hood and bent the windscreen. :\11'. and 01rs. Green ,,'ere cut and bruised, but the c hildren escaped injury. - E1't'llilig .Y{-"il'S

HIRE OF CAR FOR P,\TlE:\T.

Al Eastbourne Count\ Court Judge Cann a CLlnsidered judgmenl in a case in \\'hich i\lessrs: BrLb." Eastbourne garage proprietor, sued Dr. D. G. Churcher, uf Eastbourne, for £5 for the use of a car on August 11th. Dr. Churcher orden'd a car to take a pntient from Ea tbourne to Bnlham, S. 'Y. , nothing being said as to the re po nsibilily for the chargc , Judge Cann a id he ,,'as 110t <l\yare of any gl:ollnd for taking judicial notice lhat a doctor was, so notonouslyan agent for his patient as to exclude h1l11, from personal li ab ility if he entered into a contract as tn thts case, Tilere would be judgment for thefiml, " ith cosls ; but he ,,'ould O'i\ e lean' to app('al, conditional on Dr. Churcher to pay the firm's costs of appeal in case.DrZl·1.J' iVaz'1.

\propo s of our Dec mbcr editori,al, in ."'h.ich ad,,?cated 0l1le elementary course of i-lr5t atd l11s.tr ucllon 111 schools it is obsen'ed fr0111 recently traffic i:l L ondon is taking an increasing toll of c hdd IlfL? The II ome OFfi. ce C ndcr-Sec.retary 18,t!1 la t thal 238 children \\'ere kdled and 10 , l'lII 11lJlll e.dlll sUed accident ill London during the l\yeh'c " ' hlCh ended Septemb er 30th last, \\'Ilil st in the pre\lous t\yeh c 221 children were killed and 10,0-+0 injured, rcpresenl1ng 111creases of 7'7 and 8,7 per cent. respecti\ elr·

\V EST RIDIl\'G to Colonel Philip Langdale and Co lon el George a of for the proyision of forty roaclsI,de First Aiel Pos t s, 1:: the East Riding has become ayaJlable. from the RIdlll,., hranch of the British Red Cross SOCIety. , Colonel Langdale. known to hIre f?lk a a commanding officer of the East RJcl1ng- \ 111erl\ helonged to the t lh IIllSS,l1'" the (laughter of Admiral I-I., Derrllnall, \\ hose \\ lie s family had as ' ociations WIth Mnfielcl.

se consult doctor without delay 1

The "DECORATORS' & PAINTERS' MAGAZINE "

(8d. monthly) is THE trade paper for all interestedPublfahing Office: 46, C.nnon Street, E.C.4.

Pruits of Experience with Helpers.

By CORPORAL H J. PALMER, S J A B

WE know that experience does teach, and in the hope that my exper ience may be of some help I venture to set down some fruits gathered i n the course of many years service in the Brigade, more particu larly with reference to some of the wi lling helpers whom we often meet on public duty Perhaps, the greatest lesson that I have learned is that we must be prepared to practi-;e our Qualifications as First Aiders in other ways than in rendering Fi rst Aid to the I njured.

Fruz't No . 1.-\ iVhen you meet the willing helper who is most anxious to give you a hand with a fainting lady, be on your guard when you note h is anxiety to go to the side on which rings an d bracelets are worn With such helpers, rings an d bracelets are apt to disappear.

Frud ,1'lo. 2 . -When you have to escort from the crowd a lady who is wearing nice furs, you sh ould not be too anxious to accept the assistance of the other lady who dashes up and offers help in ca rrying the fur coat or stole for "the poor lady wh o looks so hot. , You wil l be wise if you defer acce ptance until you reach the ambulance station \\' here one of the Brigade Sisters will do what is nec essary.

Frml ,1'lo. J - \ iVhen you have to treat a man or woman who, carrying bag or attache case, is kno cked down in the street, then you need to keep yo ur wits about you when the crowd gathers round les t bag or case mysteriously disappears. You sho uld, therefore, politely discourage the woman or man who in response to your question-" Does any one know the patient ?"-points to a confede rate and says that she is the wife or he the bro ther of the patient.

Frztd ,1'lo. -f - Perhaps when on Exhibition

Duty you may be called to assist a lady who has fa inted and upon arrival you may find a man busily loosening the clothing round patient's neck . He may explain to you that he is a doctor: but if you fin d that hc is undoing a diamond necklace round her throat or trying to push water down her throat wh ile she is unconscious, then your qualification as a First Aider wiII come into play. Consequently, the man wi ll probab ly disappear in the crowd before you have time to deal with him other than to tell h im quietly and firm ly just what you think of him.

Frud ]'lo 5 . - Again when on Open Space Duty i n sole charge of ambulance station, you sh ould view with suspic ion the two small innocentlooking boys who dash in and say that a man has fallen and broken his leg some distance a'way. If filled with pity [or the patient you run away and leave the stat.ion w ithout some respons i ble person

A I D . 183

in charge, then on your return you may find that the ambulance hamper has been raided and that with these stores the collecting box on the station has also disappeared .

Fruz'tlVo . 6.-Finally, if you yourself are the willing helper and in the kindness of your heart you go to the help of a man injured in the street and if an officious young police officer orders you back and accuses you of interferin a with the b patlent, though all you are trying to do is to render efficient First Aid, then if you are wise YOU \vill desist forthwith and leave the patient to care of the police officer, lest you in turn meet with trouble!

F ractures.

FR.\.CTURES are breaches in the structure of bones produced by violence. The great diyision of fractures is into those which are simple and those which are compound. Simple fractures form the commonest variety, consisting of those in which the bone is broken, \\'ith or without much laceration of the surrounding parts, but in which there is no wound leading from the fracture through the skin. Compound fractures are those in which the skin is injured, so that a wound leads from the outer air to the broken bone, which may indeed protrude through this wound.

The fact that a fracture is compound renders it very much more serious, even though there is little splintering of the bone or laceration of the soft tissues. There are special dangers attending compound fractures. The bleeding is apt to be much greater than in simple fracture, and a large quantity of blood may be lost. The union of the bone is much delayed, repair taking place by a much slower process when there is an open \\'ound, and a lengthy illness is the result. The greatest danger, howe,'e r, is that the \yound may become infected with virulent micro-organisms, so that suppuration, erysipelas, or blood poisoning may ensue, and amputation of the limb may be become necssary. The long illness accompanied b}' suppuration may also permanently impair the injured person's health. For all these reasons the greatest care is necessary in handling a fractured limb, so that a simple fracture may not be converted into a com pound one.

Complete fractures are those in \\'hich the bone is broken completel)Tacross, and no connection left between the pieces. Incol1l plete fractures are those in which the bone is broken only partly across, or in which the periosteum the tough membrane surrounding the bone, is not torn . This , 'a riety occurs in children, whose bones contain more fibrous material, and less bone earth than those of old people, a fact which renders thcm

tougher and more pliant in earlier life. A child's bone may, like a twig, crack halfway across and then split some distance up its length, suffering in this way what is called a green stick fracture.

Fissured fractures are meL-e cracks in the bone, and are fou nd most commonly in the skull. A simple fissured fracture of the skull is probably a fairly common accident. Depressed fractures also occur generally on the skull, and consist of fractures iri which a fragment of bone is forced inwards below the general level. This may give rise to serious ir jury of the brain either when the fracture is produced or at a later date from thickening consequent on repair of the bone.

Complicated fractures are those in which, in addition to the fracture, some other serious injury is produced, such as dislocation, tearing of a nerve, etc. Comminuted fractures are those in which there is much splintering. Imparted fractures are

safety stations at stategic points in minIng districts of the country. The personnel of these cars and stations, in addition to other duties, gives instructions in first aid to employer and em ployees I n their respective districts. Since the Bureau's training programme was inaugurated in 1910 to stimulate accident preFention in the mining industry, nearly 300,000 peL-sons have been trained in first-aid, mi ne-rescue, and safety work. Much of the work is carried on in co-operation with mining organisations and State mining departments. As a stimulus in promoting accident prevention a large number of competitive first-aid contests are conducted in the various mining districts each year; during the fiscal year 1928 more than 50 s uch contests were conducted by various companies, organisations a nd State departments with the assistance and co-operatiol1 of the Bureau of l\Iines. In many loca lities the meets are held as elimination contests to determine the most profici-

January, 1929. FIRST ac commodations, and similar features. In additio n, the city selected must guarantee the necessary money for financing the contest. The Director of the Bureau of Mines officially notifies the agency spo nsoring the contest that its request has been favo urable acted upon, after which a local organisatio n is effected and a committee appointed who co-o perates with the officials of the Bureau of ,;\Tines This committee takes care of the local pub licity campaign with the Bureau of Mines, thro ugh the technical press and by special invitations of mining companies, covers the broader or natio nal publicity.

A suitable site for the contest is selected in the chose n city by the local committee in close cooperat ion with the Bureau of Mines officials. An outdoo r site such a stadium or large athletic field is usua lly preferred ;however, an indoor or covered pavilio n is also selected to be used in case of inclemen t weather.

Another function of the local comm ittee is to

A I D. 185

The expenses of sending teams are borne by the company or organ isation which they represent.

The closing date of entries is usually set ten days to two weeks prior to the dates of the contest in order that necessary final arrangements can be made and program mes prepared. Upon receipt of an entry, rules" a list of hotels giving rates, and other ImformatlOn such as street maps are forwarded to the team captain through his company or organisation official.

Judges for the contest are selected with regard to proficiency in first aid and their mining expenence, as the problems involve mining phraseology i they are invited to participate by the Bureau of Mines. I nvitations are addressed to the individual or to an official of his company or organisation requesting his services. Invitations are sent only to persons in the mineral industries who have no personal interest in the teams entered in the contest. The expenses of the judges are

Int er-company- mcet, To\\cr I-lill, Pa., LS \. those in which after the break has occurred, one f ragment is jam bed inside the other, usually at an angle. - Railway Review

ent first aid team in the district, which will be designated to represent that district in the national or international contest.

How the United States Bureau of Mines

Conducts Its National or Iriternational First= Aid Contests. *

By J. J. FORBES, Sujel'l'ising Ellgt'neel, Insfnt cL/on Section, D.',-,t'st'olt.

I NTRODUCTlON.

U nitecl Bureau of l\li nes in carrying on Its safety educatIOnal '\vork in mining and allied industries maintains 10 railroad safety cars and 11

* Published by permission of the Director, U, S. Bureau 01 Mllle3.

A national or international contest is generally held each year; and is conducted by the Bureau of 2\Iines in co-operation with a group 'of mining companies and tl1e local chamber of commerce or mining organisation which s ponsors and assumes the financing of the contest.

In conjunction with the national or internation al first aid contests a mine-rescue contest is also conducted, and the number of teams participating in past years is shown in the tabulation.

The city in which the contest is held is selected by the officials of the safety division, with th e approval of the Director of the Bureau o[ Min es and S ec retary o[ Commerce, only after careful consideration of the location with relation to the mineral i nd ustries, transportation facil ities, botel

provide entertain ment for the teams, officials, and visito rs during the meet- usuall a tour of inspecti on of interesting local industrial plants or mining propert ies, sightseeing excursions, luncheons, possib ly dances, and, as a grand finale, a banquet, during which appropriate addresses are delivered by distinguished visitors and prizes are distri buted to the winning teams.

Invitations announcing the contest and giving place, dates, and closing date for entries are prepared and sent with entry blanks by the Bureau of l\Iines to mining com pan ies, organisations, and State departments inviting them to enter teams. The Director of the Bureau· of Mines or the Secretary of the Departmen t of Commerce sends invita-:tions to governors of mining States either to be prese nt in person or to send a representati, 'c , aml heads of mining departments of Canada and l\Iexico to send representatives and enter teams if they so desire.

borne b y the company or organisation they represent. Acceptances are carefully recorded, and the names of judges are included in the programme.

(To bf' continued.)

Stirling Public Library has receiyed the gift of a colleclion of book; by distinguished poets and authors from lhc librar\' of the late l\luriel Graham Cliflord-road Stirling', of the Stirlingshir branch of the Red Cros 'ociety.

.:\ 11rst-aicl box would hm'e to be carried on e\'ery public passenger \'ehicle and the dri\ er or conductor. han: be lrained in fir aid and hold a suitable certlilcate If .\lr. E. Ram sden's Ro ad Transporl (F irst A.id Equipment) Bill, Lhe kxt of which is no\\' issued, becomes a \\" In districts in which there arc, in the opinion of the "adequate amhulance scn iccs rC:ldil\, accessihle" he \\'ill ha\'(:, pm\'er to grant exemption can:iagc:-. and tralll,1ars are 1ll1t intended to be co\'ered hy the Btl!.

Fir L Aid Team \\'orking problem during

Pan orama, First -\id Contest, Prin cetO\\'J1, Indiana, l' .S,.\.

O u r Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER..

News is very scarce this month, probably on account of the Christmas holidays intervening between l ast month's issue and this.

An ambulance class at Ley ton had an unfortunate experience last month, a member of t h e class expiring during a lecture.

Mrs. Wheeler, who was 65 years of age, and who was attending the course, became very excited while asking a question of the lecturer. She suddenly collapsed and became unconscious, and died before the doctor, who had been summoned, arr ived A post-mort em revealed that death was due to syncope following rupture of the aorta.

Our sympathy is extended to Mrs. Wheeler's family, and to the members of the ambulance class for this unfortunate happening in their midst.

Christmas was celebrated in fine style at the West Suffolk Sanatorium. No efforts were spared by the matron, nLlr es and others to make the patients happy Each civilian inmate received a gift from Mrs. Oliver, while the ex-servicemen were the recipients of presents from the Red Cross Society. Christmas fare was served, and the patients were allowed to invite their friends to tea.

A course of eight lectures on first-aid in maternity cases will be ginn by Dr. Winifred Gray on Mondays, January 1-I-th to March 10th inclusive, at 8 p.m., at the London Clinic, Ranelagh Road, Lupus Street, London, S.vV.1. Fee lor the course (including examination) is 51-.

Applications for enrolment should be made immediaLely to Lady District Officer Miss Twiss, O.B.E., 52, Lower Sloane Street, London, S.W.1, or to Mrs. Graham, 8, Park Crescent, London, W.1.

On Monday, December 10th, 1928, Mrs. A. L. Greaves distributed trophies won by ambulance sisters of Peterborough Nursing Division S.].A.B., in competitions arranged by Dr. Duthie, who a l so was the donor of the prizes. The cup was won by A.S. Miss Wood, whose competition number was lucky 13.

Canon Swain, who was present, said that he felt that he must say a word of appreciation and enco ur agement. When anything was being mastered, t h ere came a time when the learner began to say, " Is it worth going on? "

That was the critical time. He recalled the Dickensian "nurse," whose last words to Mrs. Gamp before goi n g off duty were "The easy chair ain't soft enough-you'll want his pillow." It was not pride in their own deftness nor a desire Lo wear the uniform which prompted their members to become ambulance sisters, but a desire to do good when the opportunity arose. Prizewinners were not the most important people. Society depended on t hose who were willing' to try, and the competitions which had just been held proved that they were ready to do t heir best in illness or accident. The interest which Dr. Duthie and others of the medical profession took in the work was a striking testimony to its value.

TOC H A -D THE LEAGUE OF WOi\IEN HELPERS.

On Friday, December 13th, 1928, women members of No. 1 District S.J.A.B. were invited to attend an

address by the Rev P. B. Clayton (one of the founder s of Toc II), given to members of the nursing profession at the Brompton Hospital, London. It was a most inspiring address-one might almost say talk-and was enjoy.ed by an audience which taxed to the utmost the capaCIt y of the room in which it was delivered.

What are Toc H and the League of Women Helpers ?

It is astonishing how little we really know of the grea t works going on around us, and many of us were askin g ourselves this question before we heard Mr. Clayton an d Miss Macfie on the subject.

Toc H-the signallers' way of referring to Talbo t House by its initials-was a house which stood in on e of the main streets of Poperinghe, the first habitabl e place the British Tommy saw when he came out of th e Ypres Salient. Its signboard announced that it wa s Everyman's Club, and inside the building an inscriptio n was painted up, " All rank abandon) ye who enter here. " Thus, all who entered Toc H were brothers; difference s of creed, sect, or social standing were all laid aside, an d every man met on the same level. No one can estimat e what Toe H stood for to those weary men coming ou t of the mud and the horrors of war for a short rest.

Then peace came, and much new suffering followe d, and there seemed more need than ever of the love th at had radiated from the original Talbot House. Branch es of Toc H were started in London and other large citie s, and are now to be found in every part of the Empir e, and dotted all oyer other countries, too. Every rank of society is represented in its membership, every creed, every shade of opinion. But all have one commo n thought-To Be and To Do.

Where do the women come in in this wonderful scheme? Did they play no part in the original Toc H ? Yes, they did. In that house in Poperinghe, in an upp e r room, an old carpenter's bench served as an altar wher e all could worship. IIere came a number of women fro m all branches of the Nursing- Services-Regular Arm y, Territorial, V.A.D., F.A.N.Y., etc. Only ten of the m have left their names on record, and these are Foundatio n Members of Toc H.

The League of Women Helpers stands for tw o things: (1) Women helpers of Toc H; (2) Helpers of other women.

Splendid work, this, after our own heart! Ho w many women are overburdened and unable to fulfil their duty by reason of their load of care or trouble? Surel y it is only right that others more fortunate should put out a sisterly hand and share the burden.

The scope of work is enormous-social work amon g the young, as in clubs, Girl Guide and Scout movement s ; visiting the sick and the aged at home or in hospital; personal service in poor homes; helping the blind; an d, in fact, in any way where it is possible for a wom a n to help. It is not a CrLse of dispensing charity, but on e of helping others to help themselves.

To become a member, a woman can either join a branch or become attached to the General Branch. In the former case, after filling in an application form, th e candidate enters on a period of probation) during which the League is finding- out all it can about her, and sh e is able to discover all she can about the movement. Aft e r this, if found suitable, she is made a member, and is then under an obligation to serve and to attend the meet-

January, 1929. FIRST

ings of the branch as often as possible. Those who join the General Branch do so because they are either too far away from a particular branch, or who for some other reason are unable to ioin it. For them there is no period of probation. Even as a general member there is plenLy of work to be done.

Once having joined, a certain job is given to the new member which she is in honour bound to carry out.

As the work is great, so must the helpers be numerous and enthusiastic. There is only one inducement to j oin, and that is the one of fellowship. Each member is wanted for what she can bring- in the way of service

All are on an equal footing, and, contrary to many expectations, there is no snobbery in the ranks.

Those who join Toc H and the L.W.II. have four ideals: ( 1) To think fairly; (2) To witness humbly; (3) To love widely; (4) To build bravely. These speak fo r themselves.

Anyone who is interested in the movement-and surely our calling as first-aiders must make us so-and are able and willing to assist, should apply to Miss Macfie, L.W.H., SO, Great Tower Street, London, E.C.3.

Before beginning his talk on Toc H, Mr. Clayton "d ye a short address, taking as his subject, "Beware all men speak well of thee."

He said that the position of members of the nursing pro fession is a difficult one. Search of the Book \\ ill reveal that members of every professlOn have at o n e time or another been attacked-nurses never. They h a ve always been held sacred.

Tn England, poorly paid, strenuously worked as .they are , nurses hold a unique position. They can walk th rough the worst quarter of any Clty or town knowmg th a t they are perfectly safe. Nowhere else have they the same status as they hold in this country

Every Englishman believes that every nU.rse is a sinc ere and devout Christian. He never realtses that she has a harder fight than others; that she .has tn face one of the greatest arguments agamst Ch1'1sti, ll1itv-undeservccl suffering, children suffering for the sins of others.

" Beware when all men speak well of thee." Having bee n placed in this position by the community, a nurse h as an enormous power for Rood. And, on the other ha nel, she has an equally great for evil.. -f\-s her p ro fession gives her many fO.r uphftl11g the we ary soul of man to higher th1l1gs, so IS she able to usc these same opportunities in the reverse way, and tha t when a sick body is probably cau ing the mind to lose its normal sense of proportion for the time being. T he responsibility which rests on her shoulders, therefore, is very great. She is not free

So much is expected of her. She must always be at her best, no matter how long her hours may be, how try ing: her patients..

What is her compensatIOn for all thIS? Only the Gre at Compensation, and the realisation that lot of ho' predecessors was worse. "Here we arc aga1l1," .sangth e British Tommy in Flanders. It only had to be p01l1tecl out to him that at the beginning of every century the En o-lish were in this same spot turning somebody out, aml that the mud was worse then than now, and he felt more comfortab l e over his plight.

Drudgery always seems to b.reak the but actually if confronted it does not-It makes It. Dull monois the opposite. A nurse must therefore Martha and Mary. 1£ she neglects the Mary. SIde of h e r nature, the Martha side will not grow, eIther A Christian outlook without which she cannot hope to give of her best all the suffering around her) is only achieved by habit and personal contact.

It is desperately difficult for a nurse to keep In touch

A 10. 187

with beauty, surrounded as she is by all that which is the reverse-the ugliness of suffering, sin, and misery which she mLlst lock up inside ner as if it were a secret. But she should try every day to spend at least a few minutes with that "which is beautiful, that her outlook may not become distorted.

Above all, a nurse must be fair-minded. It is not easy, especially when the body and mind are weary) and with patients of different temperaments. But petty prejudices must be conquered and every comer treated alike. All are brick carriers helping the Builder to bring things straight. It is only by living up to her ideals that a nurse can silently and humbly carry out her duty to one of the greatest professions-that of ministering to the needs of suffering humanity.

Item s (Di isional news and competitiom, social, interesting duties, lectu res, etc ., for this page s bould be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o The Editor, FIR'iT AID, 46, Cannon Sr., London, E.C.4.

fetters to the

We are in no way responsible for the opinions or the statements made, by Correspondents.- EDITOR.

BLOOD TRA SFUSION.

DEAR Sm,-

I see that one of your correspondents wishes to know the address of the Blood Donors' Society. The following address may be helpful :-The Blood Transfu ion Service, 210. Peckham Rye, East Dulwich, S.E.22 Yours truly, M. E. HERD1L\N. Ripon, Yorks.

TESTING STRETCHER AND SLI TGS.

DE.\R SIR,-

With reference to Di,T. Superintendent C. Gray's letter in this month's issue of FIRST AID) page 158, I always contend thaL an undue amount of fuss is made , during competitions, over testing' stretcher and slings.

It must be perfectly obvious to Nos. 1 and 3) when opening out (" preparing ") an stretcher, whether the canvas is in a good state of repau or not, and whether it is securely attached to the poles

\Vith the "webbed or leather slings, too, a quick o"lance during the preparation of stretcher suffices to their condition.

An unnecessary and theatrical display is, to my mind, out of place and uncalled for. vVhen we are in?,' with an improvised stretcher probably no slmgs) the case is entirely different, and It should, undoubtedly, he tested according to the structure of the stretcher, before an attempt is made to carry a patient on it. I am, sir, yours faithfully, Torquay.

C. 1. ELLIS, Colonel, Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief, St. Tohn Ambulance Brigade.

ENCOT.TRAGING RETROSPECT FOR LO fDO FIRST AlDERS.

DEAR Sm,- b

RealisillO' that youth seldom finishes what It eglns, is ready to the world on fire with energy, .there come reality, disappointment, the plam prose of hfe. This I found embodied in the facts of the recent calamitol1s gas explo ions in the ,\iVest of Lond?n.

I saw Holborn and Kingsway m semI-darkness, "'nth

Continued on page 18 9,

R ed Cross Branch News.

CHESHIRE BR.\XCII.-The second annual county competition for the Stamford Casket, presented by the Countess of Stamford for competition between teams from the yarious \Yom en's detachments in the county, was held at the Albert Hall, Manchester, during December, when Jline teams competed.

The competition for the County Challenge Cup presentee! for competition between teams from men's detachments was held at the County Stand on the Roodee, Chester.

At the close of the competition the cup and silyer medals for the individual members were presented to the "'inning team by the Dowager Marchioness of Cholmondeley) the president of the branch. The winning teams in each competition will represent the county in the Stanley Shield Competition

DERBYSHIRE BR.\xcH.- The \\"ork depot organised by the Buxton branch of the Derbyshire Red Cross Society to make clothing for the men, women and children to llelp distressed miners and their families will be opened on \Vednesday next at Cayenclish Circus (oppos ite thc General Post Office) from 11.30 a.m. until one o'clock each clay. lIaterials g-iven by thc Red Cross \\ ill be supplied, and willing helpers are urgently rcquested to make garments at their own homes, The materials will be ready cut out, and more cuttcrs are also wanted. Any further particulars will be supplied by ::\lrs, Charles Dent. Rayenswor(h. Carlisle Road, \yho is yice-president of the Buxton Diyision of the Red Cross Society.

DEVOX BR.\xcII.-Brig.-Gen. G. F. S. Edwards presented the prizes at the first distribution in connection with the newly-formed men's detachment of Tiverton branch of the British Red Cross Society on Thursday evening, December 15th. Col. E. A. Wake presided.

Gen. Edwards said he had inspected the detachment, which was an extraordinarily good one, consisting of 31 officers and men. In Devon the Red Cross had 25 detachments of women, but only three of men. Howe\'er, six months ago there was only one men's detachment in the county, and he had no doubt that there would soon be more than three. Tiverton had the distinction of haying first - rate men's, women's, and junior detachments.

ESSEX BR.\NcII.-Mrs. J. M. Hanbury, RRC., chairman of the Executive Committee of the Essex Branch, Red Cross Society, invited a large number of friends to Hylands, Chelmsford, on Tuesday, December 18th, to witness the draw for the fifty excellent prizes, given by tradesmen ancl others in the district, in a competition organised by 1\lr Hanbury on behalf of the funds of the British Empire Cancer Campaign and the ]\If ahel Greyille Convalescent Home, Walton-on-the- aze (of whose committee she is a member). O\'er seven thousand tickets "vere sold, and the proceeds up to the time of the drav,r, including some donations, came to £345 16s. 6d. Tickets found their way to places as far di tant as Ottawa, and hundreds of people helped to sell them. One lady sold as many as £13 worth of shiIlin§?: tickets Mrs. Hanbury, in thanking all had helped in said this had heen an effort, not of one single JIlcllvldual, hut of thousands. It was not an easy matter to get together hundreds of pounds in shillingS; but the work had been most cheerfully carried out. - She was grateful to tllos(' who had sent donations, and also to the

generous tradesmen who had provided all fifty prizes.

OXFORDSIIIRE BR,\i\'CII.-There are now three V.I\.. Detachments in the county-Oxford No. 8 (Mrs. A. Richardson, l\l.B.E.), "Witney No 22 (Miss Bliss)) Bicester

TO. 28 (Miss Tubb). These are registered as part of th e Territorial lu"sing Force.

Oxford o. 2, Banbury os. -+ and 30 (amalgamated ) and Soulderne No. -+6 are Red Cross Detachments, and all are in a good state of efficiency.

The Lady Evelyn Mason was elected president on the resigIl:ltioll of Lacly Osler, whose death later was universally deplored She always took a keen intere st in the welfare of the British Red Cross Society's work.

Colonel Stanier 'vValler resigned the post of Count y Director during the year after fifteen years of devoted serYice, and was succeeded by Dr. F. Gower Gardner, Capt. R.A.M.C. ret.

Miss Bliss has been appointed Assistant County Secr etary, and her help will be \"Cry welcome l\liss Burchard L O.RE., ha , carried on the work as County Secretar) unaided for nearly twenty years.

The three voluntary Aid Detachments have been inspected under the \Var Office Scheme by Colonel Lan gford Lloyd, A.D.l\I.S., who came from Tidworth for th e occasIOn.

The A sembly Room was fitted as an au'(iliary ho spital and operating theatre. An imaginary accident w as arranged at the entrance, patients were carried to ho spital by St. J Ohll Ambulance stretcher bearers, wh f) kindly co-operated with Red Cross on this occasiOl Injuries were attended by \T oluntary Aid Nurses. Th e inspecting officer expressed himself pleased with the wor k shown, and advised the members of the three detacllments to persevere in their work and especially to concentrate on home nursing'. Tea was generously suppli ed ane! served hy Red Cross TO. 2, Oxford City

Nine members of Oxford No.2 and Oxford To. 8 have been helping in the out-patients' department at th e Radcliffe Infirmary. After an especially busy week ther e, they each received a letter of thanks for their help and good work signed by members of the surgical staff.

The annual competition for the Jersey Cup and th " Shield was held on Saturday, :\1arch 24th. The cup w as won by Oxford No.8 and the shield by Oxford No. 2.

A team from Oxford o. 8 competed at High 'Wycombe for the Stanley Shield on Thursday, Mar ch 29th, but was unfortunately not successful in more marks than the Berkshire team.

All the detachments have attended lectures during th e year and passed examinations

It is gratifying to find that in county districts le cture all first-aid are wanted, and interest in seems to increase.

Ortlzopcedic Clinics.-The cl inics in the county co ntinue their good work, under the Wingfield Hospital.

Cases treated in the yea r : Banbury, 1 14; Ch ipping Norton, 44; Witney, 127; Hen ley, 81.

The fo ll owing letter has been received from 1\1 r. Girdlestone :-

(( In Berkshire, Bucking'hamshire and Oxfordshir e the 'Wingfield Orthop::edic Hospital has received most valuable assistance from both Headqua r ters, and fr01l1 Coullty Branches and Local Detachments 0 r the R ed Cross Society. When the Wingfield Hospita l was young. weak, and very poor, the Reel Cross he l ped it; so thai it

J anu;try, 1929 . FIRST

\\ as nalural that whell Orthopa:dic clinics were being organised in the thrce counties that wc turned instinctiycly to the Rl·t! Cross. AmI it was not in vain, for a number of its Commandants l)ut thcir sCrYices at our di posal [or organising clinics, and brought members of their detachments to " ork in the clinics, practically and \'ery Llscf ully.

., Seven out of our fifteen clinics haye been organised by Red Cross Commandants, and in the others the local V.A. Detachments have provided the yaluable nursing help of their members. \Yilling and efficient hc!pers are always Clvailal)Ic in a clinic with a Red Cross Detachment behind it. Many hands, if well disciplined, make light work and make it easy for the surgeon and after-care sister to handle a large number of patients in a reasonably short time. Plasters are cut c1O\yn, limbs are washed, and all these time -taking- tasks are carried out behind the scenes. This SClYCS (he sister and the surgeon much time and trouble, and when 40 or 50 patients are to be seen It enables them to do their \\ork efficiently and \\ ithout undue hurry. Also it shortens the time patients are kept, a nd enal)les them to catch their bus home. This saying of time is invaluable to patient) and to surgeon, and incidentally makes it easier for the head of the clinic to get ,"oluntary motor transport for a\\"kwardly situated patients.

"Here i an opponunity of sen"ice both in organisat ion and in the care and semi-skilled handling of patient. a ne! the British Red Cross ociety has been quick to ..,ense the need and fill the gap."

THE DISTRESSED ARE.\S.

\Vork parties of the Society arc making: garments for distribution where the need is greatest, from material 'iupplied by the County branches.

Valuable contributions of blankets haye been made t o the Society here by ::\lessr . \V. Smith and J. and Philips, ::\le srs. Early and Co., Messrs. and Co., The \Vitney Blanket Co. All of \\,itney, and these han to help in the good work. The \Yitney V.A.D., on t wo occasions, ha attended Fe(es and rendered timely a nd valuable fir aiel.

Letters to the Editor .

Continu e d from pa g e 187 red hurricane lamps hung on the trees and lamp columns t he first night of the explosion; the contrast of past and present ambulance arrangements in London occurred to me. On the 5th of J ul)" 1880, a gas main exploded near Tottenham Court Roac1-2 deaths, much property destroyed.

Jo w to your .i unior readers of eighteen or twenty years of ag: , it will doubtless se.em incredible when T tell them at that time there \"as no ambulance provision in London of any description whatever.

No wheeled litter (the improyeel St. John yehicle, it was called) existed at any police station; no St. JOhll Ambulance Brigade: not one policeman with any ambulance training; no Metropolitan Asylums Board amhu" lances. Street call for the Fire Brigade undreamt of. Nothing hut one old-time army. tretcher. weight 32111s kept at each police station for the rC1110yal of drunk am 1 violent prisoners or dead hodies.

Although the 1880 explo ion occurred near the Middlesex Hospital, and dozens of the injured were taken there, only three police [retchers \"ere ayailable, most of the e heing so distant as to he of 110 real usc hy the time they arrived at the scene of the calamity.

Ohserve where the nearest had- to come from-Bow Street, Marlhorough Street and Tottenham Court Road. Rcmemher that instructions for sending thc111 on had 10 he spelled out on a \Vheatstone An.C (elegraph. ()

A I D 189

l"elephol1cs cxisted, \\ h ilL: the police had to march) military Jashlol1, t \\ () and a-het I f mile ' per hour all the way. And may gl\ C ,) Ott somc idea how much matters hayc imllro\'ed. It 1lot difftcult to understand that first aid ii therc ",as ally, mllst haye been of the most rough and unrcady de cription.

.On the threshold of a new year) these facts and rel1l111ISCences may. 1 hope, proyide a note of hopeful encouragement to present-day ambulance enthusiasts who ccUll.wt ha\e the lea::. idea ho\\' things have changeel all III my reco11ectl( ' l1. and at that time, \yhat is remarkthe ac cepted this as quite all right. No cnLlclsms, no jaull - fimling. ;\0 comments in the Press, and everybody thought we were quite civilised and London \Ya leading- the worlLl.

All good \yi ' hes lor New Year.

Sinc<.. rely yours in the good aT the cause)

E. J. R.\CKWITZ.

TO FIGHT ASTHMA.

A X.\TIOX ,\L

DE \R SIR,-

Tn yie\\' of statements which ha\"e recently appeared 111 the Press to the effect that a certain cure" for asthma has been found. ,, e, the undersigned) desire to place on record that there is no uch" cure" known to medical science. and that there is not anyone form of treatment \yhich is eff e ct in in all cases asthma.

Inycstigations are heing made under the auspice of the A thma Research Council and with the approyal and support at the ::\Ieclical Research Council and the :'1inistry of Health into the mysteries of this distressing complaint ,,"hich. it i hop ecl. \\-ill lead to a better knowledge of its origin and to the eliscO\cry of improved methods of preyention ancl treatmcnt.

\\Te hope that all intere ted in the subject, and e pecially \yell-to-do sufferers. \\"ill giye their moral and financial support to the campaign inaugurated by the Lord ::\Iayor of London at the ::\Iansion House on J annary 15th for a national Tund to pro\'ide research centres at seyeral ot the leacling London and pro"incial ho pital where asthma and its alliecl diseases will be scientificallY and exhaustiyeI\ inHstig·atec\. Donation and offers o-f assistance shouid he se;lt to ir Albert Stern, K.B.E., c.::\1.G., Han. Treasurer, Asthma Research Council, London Clinic, Ranelag'h Road, London, .\\T.1. \Ye arc. sir, your obedient servants, ROLLEsTox. D.\\\'sox OF PEXX. ARTHUR F. HlTRST. F. E. FRDL\XTLE.

LIFEBOAT FIRST AID.

DJ::. \R SIR,-

I read \\'ith much enjoyment the article on "Lifeboat Fir t Aid" in your Decemher is ue. It may interest your readers to knO\y that Margate prO\'iclecl the fir t amhulance corp of the St John Ambulance A ociation in 1879. and that thi corp wa inaugurated" for duty on lanel and ea." It \\"as tarted through the efforts of \Yilliam J ohl1 Church Brasier, whose memory should he sacred to all members of the Brigade, and of Dr. Smith Rowe. The corps was equipped \yith uniforms, sent meml)ers out \\"ith the lifeboat and possessed a wheeled litter \\ hich consisted of a Furley stretcher mounted on wheels. Further. Bra ier. on transfer to St. John's Gate in ". o\"ember. 1883. was succeeded as uperintendent of the ::\[argate Corp by Charles Echyard Troug-hton, who. in December, 1897, wa drowned through the up etting of a surf-hoat \\·hik returning from ambulance cluty at i1 wreck.

Yours faithfull\', BRTr. ,\Dr: OFFTCER.

A I D.

Saving Life by the Prone Pressure System.

The prone pressure method of re u citation ha for 111 a 11\' \Tar been rccog-ni ed a the rna t efficient method of restoring per on apparently dead fron: electric hock, a phyxiatinn. draw ning- and other condltlOl1s \\-here repiration ha cea cd. In the pa t been difference of opinion regarding some at the m1l1or detail of applying the prone pressure method.. Recently the 1c:ading organisatlOlls intere ted in promot1l1g the kno.',·kdg-c of resu. citation haye agreed on tandard rules tor ltS application.

The rules as pre ented herc hayc been endorsed by the .\merican Rcd Cro s, and numerou as ociations 111 t he C \.

The following points de en'e pecial attention:-

Fir t aid men arc no\\' instructcd to keep their fingeralong the lower riL and not place their hands bclo\\ them. F o rmcrh' the first aider used to traddle the patient' hips c; that" hen he put his hands dOlyn on the patient 's back the arm were apt to be already at right angle or beyond and force was applied directly dOlyn,,·ard In this position the operator cannot control the pressure as \yell a when he applies it at an oblique angle It has al a been found that men will put as much as threefourth 01 their \yeight on their hands. hould he drop that "'eight uddenly the impact \yould be sufficient to cause shock in the patient. Such prcssures are dangerolL to an unconscious patient \\·ho ha lost the pO\\'er of muscular contraction

The periods of expiration and inspiration are no\\ equal. In the timing "'hich has been discarded, an ener" etic operator would often put from 100 to 150 pound or more pre ure on the patient's back for three second out of eyery fiye

The instructor \yho is traininG' men in artificial re pi ration should always check up on the pressure he or hi t udent are exerting- in the follo"'ing way :Place the patient in po ition and han the operator siart artificial r espiration. At the side haye an ordinary platform he am cale \ Vhen thc operator has got thoroughly into the s\\-ing let him moye from the patient and take the same position relatiyc to the sca le \"ith hands on the platform. An assistant should hold his fingers so that the beam does not click up and dO\\'n as the operator S\\ ays back and fonh. The "'eights are moyed along the beam until it no longer comes up again t the finger. Take the finger a\\ ay and allo\\' the click to be heard.

Stop the operator and let him look at the beam to see the weight he has been exerting on t h e pat ien t An y pressure oyer 75 pounds should be considered excess iye. \Yhen too great pressures are registcred by t h e sca le they can be control1ed more easily hy keeping the shoulders hack of the hands.

DIRECTIOXS.

1. Lay the patient on his belly, one ann extended directly o\,er head, the other ann bent a t el bow and with the face turned out,, a r d and r esting on hand or forea r m so that the nose a n d mo u t h a r c f r ee fo r b reathi ng

2 K n eel st radd ling the patient's t hi ghs w it h your knecs placed at uch a d i stance from the h ip bo n es as \\'i11 allow the arms alv,ays to be at a n a ngle and not uprig·ht. Place the pa l ms of the h ands on th(> small of the back with fingers r esti ng on the ribs , the little finger j u t touc h ing t h e lowest rib, wit h the thumh a n d fingers in a n at ur a position, and the tips of the fi n gers just o u t of sig h t.

J a n ua r Y1 19 .2 9 .

3. \\-ith a r m h e ld st r aig h t. s" in g fo rw a rd sl owl y o that OIl1C "'eight 01 y our bod y i g r ad u a ll y brought to bear u pon the patient . T h e h o ul der should be dirccth' onr t h e h eel of the h and at the end of the s\,·i ng. Do not bend your elbo\\. Thi operation hould ta k e a bo u t two seconds

-t ::\ 0'" iml11ediateh' \nng bacbyard a as to completely remO \ 'e the p r e u re ,. .-\fter t\\'o second, swing fo n ya r d agai n T hu repeat deliberately t\\'eh e to fifteen time a minute the double moyement of compre sian a n d r elea e. a comp lete re pi ration in four or fi ye econd.

6 Continue a r tificia l re pi r ation without inte rr uption until natural breathing' is r esto r ed, if neceary. iour hours or longe;, or unti l a' ph y i cian declares the patient i dead.

I. A oon a thi artificial respiration has been started amI while it is being continued an a i tant hould loosen any clothing ahout the patil:llt' neck. chest or \yaist. KEEP THE P.-1 TILYT TT·ARJ I. Do not gin a ny l iquids \yhateyer by mouth until the patie n t is fu ll y conscio u s .

8 To a \ 'oid strain on the heart when the patient reyins, he hould be kept lying dOln1 and not allOl\'Cd to stand o r it up I f the docto r h as not arrind by the time the has reyind. he hould be gi\'en ome tim u lant. uch as one teaspoonful aromatic pirit of ammonia in a small gla s of wate r o r a hot drink of coffee or tea. etc. The patient sho uld be kept \"a r m.

9. Resuscitation should be carried on at the neare t po ih l e point to \"h e r e the pat ient receind hi in i urie He hould not he mond from thi point until h e i<; b r eathing norma ll y of h i 0\\'\1 yo lition ancl then mond only in a lying po ition, Should it be nece ary, due to extreme weather condition, etc ., to the patient before he i hreathing' normally, r e usc i tation should be carried on during the time that he is being moncL In. A brief return of natural respiration is not a certain indication for topp ing the resuscitation.

Xot infreqnent.ly the patient , after a tempo r ary recoyery of respiration, stops breathi n g again.

The patient must be \"atched and if nat u ral breathing stops, a r tificial r e 'pi r ation shou ld h e resumed at once.

1 1. In carrying' out resu citation it may be necessary to change the ope r ator. This change m u st be made \\'ithout losing the rhythm of r espirat ion.

By thi p r oced ur e no confu ion r cs ul ts at the ti me o£ change of operator and a regu l ar rh yt h m is ke p t up.

H \ Y. GE:\TLES in Th e Nat ioHal S afel'jI N e71.'s.

'V\' ill es d e n Cou n cil a r e as kin g t h e :Mini st ry of Tr a nsp ort to- pro" id e a mbul a n ce ser yi ces t o d eal " it h street acc ici e n bt h e yiew bpi ng t h at s uc h se rvi ces s ho uld be pro\' id ed by thl State a nd not t he loca l a uth oriti es

Sir Arthur 'VV. F a ir e a Kni g ht of Gr ace of t he Ord e r of St. J ohn of ] e ru !'.a le m , r ece n tl y prom o t ed a Kni g ht of Ju sticeha no\\' rece iye cl th e Kin g s sa n t ion t o th a t pro m ot io n. S ir \rthur, du rin g th e w a r und er t ook t o a rra nge fo r th e t l-a nspo rt of a ll t h e w o und ed bro u g hl into L e iceste r, a nd in m ar\'e ll o us ly qui c k tim e ra ise d a tra ns po rt se n ' ice a nd a fund of oYe r £ 13,0 00, \-" il h \\'hi c h'h e b o ug ht m ot ol--:>a r a nd a mbulance Alt oge th e r h e d eal t wi t h so m e 70,00 0 w ound ed so ldi er s H e"h as d o ne Roo d se n icc with th e V e ne rRb k Orde r of St. Joh n ,

The Doctor on Your Shelf

For WIVES, HUSBANDS, PARENTS, WOMEN OVER 40 and EVERYBODY.

THE SIMPLIFIED D.ICTIONARY IS A MINIATURE ENCYCLOPJEDIA RIGHT UP TO DATE, 1928. T h is i s he o ne·volume bo ok of uni\' ers a l re feren ce Y OU h a ve been waiting for. It gives and comple t e information on the newe st devel o pments in scien ce, medicine, transport, commer ce, etc it ex· plains th e at est words and t erm s conne c ted wi lh tho se modern activi ties no t covered b y the old e r boo k s 1,500 Pages, 32 Maps. 3,000 Educative Illustpations . I is a practical sel f-educator, full (f picture s th al te a ch as clearly as words do. Tell the y oung and old to go to its page s when th ey want to know thing3-wcrds and pla ces mentioned in he newspa p er s, Elr pu zzles th a t c r o p up in connec· l on with lessom reading w Ol k o r Cl OSS, wo rd pU lZ les.

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"it is tlte bes OIlC'7 O U IIlC Didiollczry Enci),(/o "dia tha t J Itave seell, alld contain s a 'l'ast amolillt oj /..' Ilow leti,r;c, and as a w ork of rt! erence its urifulness is bey ond pr a ise " ........................................, COUPON for FREE BOOKLET Messrs. & CO., Ltd" H. Dept., 19, 20, 21, Thavles Inn, Holborn Circus, London, E.C.I.

Please send me FREE Booklet on "THE SIMPLI· FlED DICTIONARY," with particulars a s to your o ffer to deli\ er the work at or ce for the first Payment of 2/ 6 only.

NAME _ ._._ ._ ,_ ,._._ S end tll is./or lll in unserrJed w <'e/ope t tl stalJl} \.l)l)RES S.... "F.A." _._,_, .• _ _ , ,

T H E. !f0CSE BuL D PH j S i C.iA Jll b)1 ElIliml1t S /'fCialisls, P ra,lisi/l Ph)'sk:an s a ll d 'surgcv ns, des(nbes ll simp.'.: lanollaJ,re witll lul/'Jirl , vlou red 114 fe a11 d dwgrallls

The DISEASES OF MEN, WOMEN &CHILDREN,

THEIR CAUSE, TREATMENT AND CURE.

With complete instructions on preventive medicine, the Hience of hygiene, physical culture, etc.

T he Illustr a t ions and full ·page P late3 an d h e An atom ical M od els the of th e Hu man Body e xact ly a they o verla y each other makes the readm g ma tte r m or e ea il y un d ers too d.

THE YOUNG WIFE an d the ex p erifnced ma rri ed woman w ill find all they want to kn ow made cl ea r.

Th is wor k gi ves in s im p' e a nguag e that k no w edge ou r you ng pe opl e need to· day ThI S IS the in fo rm ati o:1 m a ny a good fat her de sire s o gi ye his so n: hut he d oes n ot kn o w ho w o set a bout i t.

MOTHERS wh o their dau g ht e rs to d e\'el op na tura lly \\i ll fi nd e xact ly th e teachin g bey ne ed

WOM EN OVER 40 will find t h eir di ffic ulti es reg a rdi ng health frankly di scu ssed !h e re are hun d reds of subj ec of yal ue to a ll. T h e musc les, te e th, digesto r haIr, food \ alu es, Ju Ji tsu, phren ology, H o w to diagn ose di sea es from appearance of bea d. fa ce, ongue, hl oo t chets. p erspira tio n , e tc. e c

ONE TESTIMONIAL FROM HUNDREDS RECEIVED. " J would li ke to stale tlta t J cOllS ider this set if Books t he best ler I1IUlt )' t !tal [ ha'i'e ez.'tJr obtaimd a1ld J w ish J had had them years a,go ," (S ign Ed) "

A FEW OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED:

First Aid

Influen za, Colds, etc.

Mesales,

Treating Diseases by Water

"Herb" Root and Salt Remedies

Corns and Warts

Dieting for Disease

Treatments for Beauty

Physical Cu !ture

Exercises for all Purposes

What to Do in Emergencies

Treatments fo r all Skin Diseases

How to:Read Symptoms

Sleep, Beds and Bedd ing, The Eye, the Ear

The Throat The Nose

The Chest

The Heart

The Stomach

The L iyer The Teeth The Musctes Infant Welfare

The Expectant .\lot her Happy Homrepalhy

Huw to Treat Accideuts I'oeurasthenia

The Lungs Pieurisy Hygiene, Anatomy Pharmacy

The Principles 01 Nllrsln g I nval!d (ookery Sun!ieal

Queries and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

Queries will he dealt wilh under the following rules:-

J. _ Letters containing Queries must b e rrarked on the lOp left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 46 , Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4·

2.-All Queries must ce accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the J(1urnal, or in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.- The Textbook, to which refel ence msy be made in these columns is the 36th (1920) Edition of S J.A. A. Manual of First Aid.

DE F I;\,ITlOX OF COLLAPSE.

J. \\'. (Newcastle).-\Vith reference to the term "Collapse" used on p. 142 of Textbook, \\'ill you please g i\ 'e u your definition of this condition? ,\ lso, will you tell us if a person in a state of extreme collapse would be totally unconscious? vVe thank you for much kind assistance rendered in the past.

Collapse is a condition of extreme depre sion of the Ner\'ous System, and especially of the heart and breathing centres; and its chief manifestations are those of mental and phys ical pro st ration. Even when patient is in a state of extreme collapse, consciousness may be unim pai red. -N. CORBET FLETCIIER.

EX .UlIXATION HOWLER.

G. G. (Camhridge).-In a recent examination I asked a candidate to tell me " hat effE'ct Opium had on the eyes.

To 111\ intense amusement he replied: "It contracts t/ze pulp;l.' "

Good! please! !-N.C.F.

EXA;\lIl':ATIOX OF L;\'COl':SCIOUS PATIna.

Vl. G. (Portsmouth).-On a wet day a girl riding on step of a cycle i thrown to the ground. She is found lying on pa \'emen t unconscious and wi th her face bu ried in her arms. There is no apparent h<emorrhage. Please tell us how you would test for injuries to spine, pelvis and lo\ver limbs before turning her gently on her back for routine examination

If, after passing your hands gently but firmly over the parts named, you find no abnormal s\,vel lin g, deforillity or irregularity, you would be justified in deciding that in all probability there is no fracture present or cause which contraindicates turning patient upon her back for 1110re thorough examination.-N. C. F.

RE\'ISED TEXTBOOK OF .\SSOCIATION.

A.?-J.C.(St. Johns' Gate).-In your issue of December 1928, a correspondent s ubmitted a query published under above title and stated that some members of his class "vere "appalled to find that the number of c hapter s in the revised Textbook had been considerably increased." I do not think that he has read further than p. 4 of the Textbook on which the list of chapters is set out. If h e \\'ill again pick up his Textbook, he will find that the total numb e r of pages de\'oted to the Syllabus of I n structions has been increased by ten! !

vVe arc grateful for your il'tter and hope that our correspondent will quickly recoyer his equanimity when he

A I D. January,

cons id ers the revised Textbook as a whole and not in it s number of Chapters.-N.C.F.

RE\ 'ISED TEXTBOOK.

]\1. C. (Croydon).-If I am in order, I should lik l' 10 ask if you intend to answer queries in future on the revis cd edition of the Textbook \\'hich has recently heen puhli shed. At the ame time tender nw most sincere thanks to you for the kindly nHlnllcr in you help us out of our diffi culLiE's.

In \'iew of the \'ery proper decision of those in authority that the old Textbook is to be used for cd the big Fin ,;1 Com petitions thi year, 1 propose to continue to base my answers in these columns on the old Textbook until these competitions end in l\lay next. ;\I eanwhile you and I can set to work to lea rn up and master the a lt erations which (I belie\'e) ha\'e been accepted unanimously hy all Il1CI1l11er nf the R e\'ision COll1mittee.-N".C.F.

TREATMENT OF CONCUSSlON.

L. W. (CardirC).-Recently I had to treat a patient who during a football match collided, head to head, " itll another player and was knocked completely uncon scious. Upon examination I fou ncl that eyeballs were turned up and did not respond to ligh!, that pulse was full and slow, that breathing was short and hurri ed, but that face was a normal and healthy colour. vVe renlOved patient on stretcher to ambulan'ce station wh ere on arr i\' al patient's face appeared to be congested.

Thinkin g that Compression of Brain was threatening I treated as for this condition. Fifteen minutes later patient's eye l110\ 'e d to normal position, pupils rcsponded to light, pulse became more rapid, but face began to loose colour and lips h 'ca me white. Yc, therefore, the cold compress and again trea tL' d for Concussion. This seemed to be doing' good \\h L'11 the ambu lance arriyed and took patient to ho s pital.

As I am not quite sure if I demonstrated Ill)' elliciency in rendering First \id, 1 submit the case and Illy' treatment for your criticism.

Your ca e was clearly one of Concussion, and I am of opinion that you did trpat your patient elliciently. The fu ll picture of any condition usually takes time for its d e \'elL)pment a fact which explains the apparently normal colour of patient's face immediately after the accidenL- .c. F.

FRACTC[{E OF NECK OF FEi\ICR.

F. L. (Cardiff). - Please tell us the correct treatment of Sirnple Fracture of Neck of Femur. Should WE' apply the inn er sp lint which seems useless Also, should band ages bc placed as directed for Fracture of F emur in Textbook (p. 63), or in view of the rule that no bandage should be placed immediately o\'er a fract ure, s hould Bandage B of Figure 28 be omitted or place d higher up? We shall be \'ery gratefu for a rul ing which will help us in actual practice and also in COlllj1Cpetition.

Neither of your sugg'cstiOllS abouL of band ages CO ITlmend s itself to us. Fracture of Neck of Femur is to be com pare d with Fracture of Humeru s in iLs upper third; a nd on this comparison it would be ju tit1able in actual practice o l eave Bandage B in position as stated in Textbook (. p. 64) and presented in Figure 28. You will probably find that application of bandage in thi way will carry out the objecb of Treatm.ent of Fractures (Textbook p. 48, par. 1).

For co mpetition purposes, hOvYc\'e r, the so luti on of your difficulty is totally differe nt in "iew of the fact that the Texthook gi\'es instructions fO I- " Fractures of Thigh" and alloWS

January, 1929. FIRST

nO difference in treatmcnt for siLe of fracture. \Vhil e, therefore, I agree that there is reason in the arc Ul11cnt that the inner splint is useless with Fracture of of Femur I am opinion t h at it s omission would be contran' to instructions of Texthook Under these circu J1lstances Bnndao·c B \\'ould he Id t as ShO\\,11 il1 28 to control lower end of inner splint, Bandage C would be lllcwed upwards to lit firml\' in crutch and cnntrol upper end of inncr spiinl, and the B;cnc.lage B would IIg-ure as described on p. G4 and ligurccl in thc saIlle diagram and mar o\'erlap Banda'rC' C in its new j1osition.-N". C. F.

SPLl1\'"T.

J. S. (Rlackpool).-Is there any book which deals with the Thoma s Splint? If not, please tell u s the correct way of app lying this apparatus.

You \\'i11 find a very full descri ption of the Thoma" in the ",here it is included in an appl'ndlx, together WIth a set drIll for il<.; application. N. C. F.

------.--.-------

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases- wilh £pecial reference to gOJd and bad points in Treatment-,-for inclusiLn n this Column.

\\'ED BY HU:'IIAI\'" CIL\TX.

\ young man, bent on suicide, slashed his face with a razor and then jumped into a riYcr, " here he Aoated down sLream The ri\ 'e r being at lo\\' ebb, h e was rescued by a of men \\'1;0, down the ri\'er bank, ,,'aCted 1l1 to the ,, .ater waIst hIgh, formed a human chain, and so bwught hIm to the bank. .\ First .\ider dressed the throat wound. with handkerchiefs and arranged for patient's re1110\ al In ambulance to hospital. -. \.;\1., Bridgend.

FlU TURE \\ 'ITlIOL'T P \I:\,. CrO\\'Cls to \Vel11bler Stadium one Saturday n'l.:·ht astonIshed to ee a man outside the enc[o ure stand on hls left-leg and swinging his right leg in a curious manner. An ambulance ll1::tll, to his a , i tance g·asped. when assured him that he was not sufferinl:' any palll. vVlth assistance he patient to rOOI11, ",here he prep?-red to e::-o.amine the right leo and all110st collapsed whcn It broke in his right hand. It a \"ooden leg !-:\f. A , BrJc!gcaI1l.

SA \ 'E I) FRO,\I C.\S pfl\ X L\. young recently 11acl a narrow escape fr0111 death throug h shaVIng In the bathrooll1 and Llsing the run nino· hot water from the geyser. A neig·hbour, beino· in the the so.und of a fall, and to the b:;throom, \\as IIIle.d \nth gas, found the young man h in g on the noor unconscIO.Lls anLl not breathing. He first oA' the O'as opened \\'I.ndow and then dragged patient into next wlwre, delay, he cOl11menced artillcial I-espiration ten mll1utes' continuous effort he succeeded in 1110' b" Ll·· 1 I ane subsequC'l1t1y had patient I' 11l0\'ed to \\ hel e was slo\\' but cOl11plcte.-.- I. Blldgencl.

tl !s taking ': kccn interest in the appea " ' hieh 1: :III11C l\[lnlster has Issued 011 hehalf of thl' distresscd I11lnlno· 'lre'lS '1 I ,' L) -'d f I 1\ •• f "" ' ne ,lS I eSI ent 0 1 1C horth Rldln'" Branch o theBr ltl shR'dC' S· I II (' lOSS. OCIl'l), laS askl'd \ lcc-11resldcnts of 1C hranch tn cl)llcct fOl' the bne!.

HOBSON X, SONS (LONDON). Ltd.

MANUFACTURERS Of

UNIFORMS, HEADDRESSES and ACCOUTREMENTS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION FOR st. John Ambulance Brigade. AU t.oTOOLEY STREET, BRIDGE, S. E.!.

Tf'lephone-Hop 0680 (2 lines) and 7065.

Telegrams- CI Hobson, Boroh, London."

ALLMAN'S POOKET ANATOMICAL ATLAS

Size 6/J x (Plates 7" x 6").

Illustrated by Twelve Coloured Plates from Original Drawings. Contains an anatomical description of the plates and the arrangements and physiologIcal functlons of the Human Body, arranged III mantklD form. A valuable Atlas lor First Aid Students. Price 1/- (post free). Supplied by DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4.

CARRIAGE PAID. 1,000 Pairs New Stretcher 2/- pair; 4 pairs, 7/-; 10 1,000

Slings, pairs, 17/Ex-Army Ambulance Stretchers, 6 / - to 20/- each.

A. FIRTH. 20, Wakefield Rd., PONTEFRACT. .. FIRST AID" QUERY and COUPON.

To be cuI oul and t'nctoled WIth CHI <.!ue"res JAN. 19 2 9

COUNTY BOROUGH OF EAST HAM EDUCATION COMMITTEE.

Technical College Evening

Principll W. H. BARKER, B.Sc , F.C.S

APPLICATIONS are invIted fLOm qualified women for appointment as Assistant to the Instructor in charge of an Ambulance Class. Preference will be given to candidates who have had experience in teaching.

Form of application, together with of appomtment and scale of salaries, can be obtamed from the under· signed on the receipt of a stamped addressed envelope.

( Signed) F. R. THOMPSON, Education Office , Secretary. Town Hall, East Ham, E.6.

2 nd January, 19 2 9

ADMINISTRATIVE COUNTY OF LONDON.

Sale of Ambulances.

THE London County Council invites quotations for the purchase of 12 hand wheeled ambulances now stationed at var iou s parks and open spaces. Particulars may be obtained on appl ication to the Chief Officer. Parks Department, County Hall, Westminster Bridge, S E.l (Room 394). ApplIcat ions must be accomplnied by a stamped adrlressed envelope. No q uot a tion rece ived by the Chief Officer, Department, at The County Hall, after 4 o clo ck on Monday, 28 th January, 192 9 , will be considered.

The Council does not b nd itself to accept the highest or any quutation

MONT AG U H. Cox, Clerk of the London County Council.

SURCICAL EQUIPMENT.

STERAID ' (Regd.) series ot absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original departure in packing Surgical Dressings. The dressings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotation, uncovers only the quantity of gauze or lint required; after cutting this off, rotate the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents are completely protected from exposure and retain their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded the Certijicate of the Institute of Hygiene.)

All Dressings are ot GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFAOTURE.

"SANIBIN" (Regd.) an efficient receptacle for receiving soiled dressings, Eanitary towels, etc. Constructed for affiKing in any convenient corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring B? ttom; the conten ts are easily removed by releasing spring-, with out being handled. Easily sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White enamelled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.) PNEUMONIA JACKETS ; SANITARYTOWELS; "VALENDA" DEODORANT; "FIRST-AID" (Reg.) DISINFECTANT SOAP; all classes of FIRST-AID and SURGICAL EQUIPMENT, &c. Complying with Home Office Requirements.

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STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT and at 331, Sentinel House, Southampton Row, London, W.e.l.

FIRST AID I TO THE INJuqED " SICK·

A VERY serviceable vehicle, built on the famous Austin Twenty chassis, and coach built in first class style. The interior. and with linoleum or rubber tiled floor covering, accommodates two stretcher and four sitting cases with attendant. Five shaft bearings ensure maximum length of service and the smoothest possible running. Four speeds and reverse , with four wheel brakes W rite for com plete particulars.

THE AUSTIN MOTOR CO., Ltd., LONGBRIDGE, BIRMINGHAM. London Showrooms:479=483, OXFORD STI{EET, W.I., and HOLLAND PARK HALL, W.II.

FIRST AID WALL DIAGRAMS

Complete

Smart Uniform-Is Essential

We have made a speciality of S.J .A.B. UNIFORMS for over 20 years and are fully conversant "W"ith all its requirements, both "W"ith regards to design and regulations, and also the "W"earing qualities of the material.

Here are a Pew Examples of the SplendId Value we offer: Rank & File Tunics & Trousers £2 and £2 • 1 . 6

" " " Greatcoats (Grey Frieze) £2

" Trousers (Black Vicuna & White Piping) 16/6 and 12/6

" "Havenacs (White Duck) 2/3

Ambulance Nurses Coats (All Wool Grey Serge) 31/6

Dfflcers' Uniforms, Caps, Sam Browne Belis, Belts and Pouches, Gloves, Chevrons, etc., at very reas(Joable prices.

All Uniforms to Customers' Own Measurements and strictly to Regulation.

Send P.C. for Patterns, Price List and Measurement Porm.

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90 Public Bodies use Austin Vehicles One

h.ing l eads to another

The complete tralOlDg in Manipulative Therapy and Electricity as arranged by the SMAE Institute is so sub-divided that each progressive stage provides you with a thorough knowledge of each branch

If you are aquainted with First Aid LEARN MASSAGE

If you know something of Massage LEARN JOINT MANIPULATIONS

The SMAE Institute caters for all. You may learn any particular subject you wish or you may take the complete course

Write now stating what you wish to learn and you will receive full particulars by return of post.

The Ppincipal, 50, SMAE INSTITUTE, Clapendon Road, PORTSMOUTH.

AMBULANCE

PRICE at Works

4-cyl. £610 6-cyl. £710

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suitable for

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SEND FOR SELECTION ON APPROVAL. No. 77Bronze, 3/- SlIver, 4/6; SlIver, Gold Centre, 6/9· Ori%inal Designs ana Quotattons post free.

Wholesale Prices to all "FIRST AID" SOCIETIEI. Contractors to H.M. Ministry 01 Munitions, Russian Government. &c.

London Showroom62. HOLBORN VIADUCT, E.C. Telephone-840 City.

The Best and Safest SKIN GERMICIDE

Agent that An Aseptic charms the Practitioner Free test supply on application.

The adv3;ntages 1;l-ttending the use of GERMOLENE, the Aseptic Dressmg, in hospital and domestic practice are now almost too well known to need recapitulation.

Since the introduction of this remarkable agent it has been put to the test by medical men and nurses in every part , of the country. It has proved itself thoroughly efficient as a skin bactericide and sterilizer and powerful bealer.

An added charm associated with its use is its soothtng effect in the case of inflammatory pain, or in irritable conditions of the skin. For the treatment of children's complaints it is unequalled, because It does away with the tendency on the part of the young patient to scratch, and so spread or aggrevate the trouble.

Mechanically, GERMOLENE is perfect, and its appearance and texture have gained it high encomiums from and (hemists: to microscopic fineness, the are held m a high· grade creamy base which spreads with ease, does away with messiness, and which when massaged, sinks straight into the skin pores: Bandages may be prepared with the absolute minimum of delay and trouble, and slight heat reduces the dressing to the consistency of cream.

The. will be delighted to send a generous gratis tnal sample to members of the medical profession and to nurses and ho:,pltal officials who enclo<;e their professional cards.

SOOTHES AT A TOUCH

A I D. January, 1929.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &'c., 8y N. CORBET fLEICIU:R .•. B., B.C., B.l.(Caatab), •. R.C.S

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Postlree. lid , Plrst.Ald SimplifIed and Tabulated. wIth Ald8 to Momory.

• Col. Si" lames Ca"tli. co"&rib ,,s aN 11lt,.od ctlON a"d w ••,.ao U his gOOD opi io" 0/ thebook."-LANCBT.

AID8 TO HOME-NURSING.

Third Edition Price IS. 211 •• post tree

HOlDo.Norllog SImplifIed aDd Tabulated, with AIds to .emory. This boo;' wo"de simpli/ies a compi6x swblect a d sho 1d be ".ad b" al stwd ts,"-L. & N.W. Rv. GAZBTTB.

EFFIOIENOY IN FIRST-AID.

Postlree, IA. ad.

Problemll In Study, Treatmeot aDd 1l1amloatlol lIol,e4 for 1Io010r Studen ts " Wilhowt dowbt Ih. book will b. 01 Sl1'TJic " th.. a"u,,/{ 0/ &hou /0, whom it is dnig d."-BRI"l'lSH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

OOMMON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID.

••• net: post !Jd. Brror8 10 Plrst-Ald Detailed aDd Ilxplalood.

'1 his book gi".s a el,an" it«sight i"to tlu methods a"d ai/Jictllti,s oJ

AMBULANCE COMPETITION TESTS

in Competition Room; NO·3. Com mon

4. Further Errors in Treatment; NO·5. History of Competition Tests; No.6. Preparation of Tests. WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID. Fifth Edition. Price II. !Jd •• post free, Dlfllcn'Ues III StOdy aDd Treatment lolud by QuestloD aDd AD8wer. 'w, comm.,.d ,Jus boo;' to Loc, -I-J ,.,.d Stwth"ts who wtll /I,.d II 0/ r,a r •• "-j4'IRST ALL.

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FIRST AID for the The Independent Ambulance and Journal Nursing Services.

EDITORIAL.

'VE have received many conOUR MESSAGE. gratulations upon our January number, especially with reference to our cd itorial message.

In this number we had contemplated publishing the official list of the main alterations in the revised textbook, but, u nfortu natel y, our request for permission to do so has not been granted. Our readers, therefore, have to send 4d. to the Director of Stores, St. John Ambulance Association, St. John's Gate, Clcrkenwell, E. C.1, if they wish for the pamphlet in ·which these alterations are set out. Our preliminary notes on the revisi on appear on another page of this issue.

THIS month we have a request OUR REQUEST to make, and that is: Please let us know how we can help you by publishing in FIRST AID the information you require or which will be most useful to you. We are grateful to those mem bers who have this month sent us items respecting their work that they think will be of use to other first aiders.

----. --

COMMENTING on the letter from FREE THE the Chairman of the Chari ng HOSPITALS. Cross Hospital that we reproduce on another page, the Dm'£1 1 Express states :-Every day of fresh evidence and unsuspected revelations only strengthens the case of the hospitals to come withi n the benefits of the Government's Derating Bill. It was probably news to most people that the hospitals paid rates at all. It was certainly news to them that as the resu lt of the Act of 1926 the assessments to be levied on these most beneficent of all institutions

have been considerably increased Tl f d . lese acts an the further discovery that while manv I oJ mmense y profitable industries are to be exempt from rates under the new Bill the hospitals are to . enJoy no at all have been rather more than the British publiC can stand. Their demancl I'S unal11mous th.at hospitals should be brought immediately wlth1l1 the scope of the Bill. There is and can be no pol itics of any sort ina question like this. sense and the most elementary instincts of Justice are enough to guide one to the riO'ht decision. Let Parliament as a whole take th: action that every individual :\I.P. would gladly and natually take and relieve the hospitals at once of this monstrous toll.

We congratulate the .Daz'£l' Express for giving publicity to this matter, and can only hope that others of our great daily co ntem poraries ,,·i11 follow suit and use their best endeavours to free our hospitals from every financial burden possible.

his monthly message to the RAIL WAY staff the general manager of the SAFETY. Southern Railway states that the deaths from accidents on British railways during the year 1927, numbered 27, the rate being one passenger killed for every 36,000,000 carried, so that the risk of any railway passenO'er being killed is a 36 million to one chance. bIn other a passenger making two journeys a day, SIX days a week, would have to travel for about 57,000 years before meeting his chance of being killed.

Although comparisons are odious, it is interesting to note that during the year 1927, the average number of persons killed in road accidents was 14 every day, so that more people were killed in two days in road accidents than by train accidents in the year.

Thc conclusions we draw from these figures is that as the railways support the ambulance movement so should users of our roads. 1£ this CI tip" is taken to heart h)' road users, what a fine lot of

prizes for competitions and other forms of ent Oll r VOlllllta ry worker readers would couragemen have.

" "'\VOV:\TDS, in many cases, heal

E:\IPLOYER- in about one-third of the time OPI;\IONS 0;": taken by the ordinary methods

SU:\f-R \ y of dressi ng," is an arresti ng TREAT ,\[ENT. statement on sun-ray treatment which appears in the February issue of Industrial TVelfare.

The writer of this article has collected the views of various employers, 'who have had lamps installed for the benefit of their employees-all of whom are ao-reed on two points, namely, the bene1 fits derived from the sun-ray lamps, and the acvisability of getting a doctor's permission before commencing the treatment.

" The \vork has been remarkably successful in the treatment of chromium sores," writes a doctor in charere of an aluminium casting factory, 'who adds that in his belief this is the first time that it has been used in such a disease. He concludes with the statement that ultra-violet radiation is most useful in the rashes found in the plating industry.

The C}- airman of a firm of gas and elec!nc light fittings explains the inauguration of the scheme in his firm :- Four people volunteered to supervise the applications, and after a little coaching the treatment started. The Whitley Works Committee decided to charge 6d. per application, 10 per cent. of which was to be retained by the works to cover expenses-and the balance to go to the Benevolent Fund. At first treatment was not very much used, but it has gradually become more popular, and now there are about a dozen people using it every 'week."

£17,000 , 000 is an estimate of E:\IPLOYERS r\;..:n what rheumatisms costs this THE 'FLU country every year in lost time EPIDE:\IIC. alone, according to writer in the February issue of Indusjned f;Velfare. An interesting analysis is given of the number of days lost during a year in a well-known printing-office. It may be a matter of surprise to most people that the common cold, usually considered so insignificant, makes the most serious ravages on our time and perhaps also our efficiency.

Next in seriousness is influenza, and in view of the probability of inDuenza epidemics in this country before the end of the winter, suggestions are made of how employers may combat outbreaks in their works, and how they may limit infection.

N ational Police Ambulance Competition.

TIlE eliminati ng tests in connection with the above have now all taken place, and the Final will be held at the Northampton Institute, Clerkenwell, London, E . C . , on February 27th next, when the prizes will be distributed by Lt.-Col. Sir Vivian Henderson, M.C., M.P., Parliamentary Under Secretary for Home Affairs.

The eliminati ng tests for No.5 District were as follows ;-

ThA:\I TEST.

Time 1 a. m "'\iV eather cold and frosty. You four are off duty and when about 300 yards from your station you observe a 'bus being towed to its depot at a fast pace and from the back of it you see a man jump off. He is thrown violently to the ground Render first aid. You know there are first aid appliances at your station. TO other help allmved. The judge will only give such information as your examination entitles you to. Time limit 20 minutes.

Il\"DIVIDUAL PRACTICAL (No. 1 L\ND 3).

You are patrolli ng a country road when you come across two injured men. A motor cycle skidded and collided with a motor car. The dri vel' of the motor cycle got his foot jam bed under a wheel of the car and, when extracted, fainted. He is now conscious and complains of severe pain in the toes.

The pillion rider was thrown on to his lef t shoulder and complains of pain in the shoulder.

You know that a first aid box is kept at a cottage 50 yards away, and the nearcst doctor is five miles. Time limit 10 minutes.

I:\TDIVIDUAL PRACTICAL (No 2 -+).

Both you police constables were talking at the corner of a street when a boy came up and told you that he saw an old man lying in a pool of blood, in an open furniture shop close by "'\Alhen you reach the shop you find the man lying on the floor unconscious and bleeding from a wound 3 in. above the right ear. Act as you should. Time limit 10 minutes

Il\"DIVIDUAL PRACTICE (No 5).

A police constable has been bitten In the left forefinger by a dog suffering from rabies. How would you prevent the venous blood from carrying the poison through the body. Time limit 3 minutes.

The result placed the Great Yarmouth team first for the second year in succession

Unfortunately we referred to" orthampton" news in our Brigade District Report in the last number, under th e heading of " Nottingham." We tender our apologies.

H.M. The King's Removal to Bo g nor.

ON this page we reproduce a photograph of four proud and noble volunteers who are conscious that a great honour was accorded them in their selection as bearers of the stretcher upon which the King was borne from his bedroom in Buckingham Palace to the ambulance, and subsequently from the conveyance to his bedroom at Craigweil.

Reading from left to right they are :-

Supt. T. G Appleton, 44th Division; Sergeant J. W. C laridge, 44th Division; Sergeant E. Howard, 94th Division; Corporal ",\V. T. Puddifoot, 83rd 1\ orthern Heights

All these four members of the Brigade are in business, SupL Appleton being a builder.

",\,\Then interviewed by a representative of the Da£ly Express, Supt. Appleton said ;-

"The King seemed very comfortable, and

"First Aid to the Injured."

TIlE revised edition of " First Aid to the Injured," the official textbook of the St. John Ambulance Association, has been issued and is now on sale. In appearance the 38thedition is like its predecessors although the n umber of pages has been somewhat rf:duced. \Ve have not yet made a studied or close ex,3mination of the new edition, but the revisions would to be more in the nature of minor qualifications of previous statements than of a fundamental character. There has certainly been some rearrangement of the matter for lectures, and in the order of the chapters, but the value of these changes remains to be seen. The im pression is, at first, one of so little real change as to gi\ e cause [or wonder as to why re\"ision was considered necessaf\T

The're has been a certain amount of " general post" with the matter available. A"good deal on

g raciously thanked us on removing him from the Palace and taking him to his room at Craigweil.

" "'\iV e had a week's training at both places with a twelve-stone man in the stretcher. When we entered the King's bedroom we found him already in the stretcher by the side of the bed The doctors and nurses had performed t hat initial service

" I was in charge, and placed myself at the King's head . "'\iVe had, of course, to keep the s tretcher level in descending the stairs, but we knew exactly the best way to accomplish this.

" At Craigwei! there were two flights of stairs to be negotiated, although the King is on the first Hoor; but we were thoroughly rehearscd. The King said, 'Thank you,' when finally we had deposited him by the side of his bed.

"Afterwards the Oueen sent for us, and we lined up before her. SI1e shook hands with each of us."

wounds and haemorrhage, for instance, h.as been taken out of the fourth lecture and put 111tO the thi rd and the matter originally arranged in nine chapters and one appendix, is now over sixteen chapters and two appendices, \yl:ilst t\\",o other appen lices have been added. St1vester. s artificial respiration is relegatecl to an appendiX (Labordes' artificial respiration bei.ng dropped altogether) and there is a new appendiX ?evo.ted to the Thomas splint, making four all.

The matter at the beginning of the 31th edltlOn, which was largely a reprint from the Home Circular re "First Aid and Ambulance for Factones and "'\Vorkshops" constitutes the of the 38th revised edition. Here It IS a pIty that the new edition of the pamphlet was not used there are some alterations in the issue just to hand'*

* « First \id and A,mbulanc(' for Factori e s a nd ,\\'orkshops" (\\'cltnrc Pamphlet Ko. +)_issLlccl.by the Homc Office. Published by Stntionerr OffIce (priCC +d. net )

The King's Stre tcher Bear e rs.

particularly in the treatment for eye injuries which affects the prescribed equipment in the matter of eye drops.

First-aiders should note that the chapter on poisons has been rewritten and the poisons. reclassified according to symptoms and not accordtng to treabnents as heretofore. This is a considered attempt to make this troublesome subject a little plainer, but it may prove somewhat confusing to those who hav e been trained on the old book and will now have something to unlearn.

The chapter 011 preparation for the reception of accidents (which is somewhat loosely titled for the accz'dents are not received) is now included in the syllabus for both male and female classes.

There are a number of small alterations and amendments throughout the text, and it is pleasing to note that rather more attention is now devoted to detail of instructions for the administration of artificial respiration. The name Schafer, by the ·way, is no longer used in the textbook, although that system is adopted

As is well known, the familiar textbook was written 28 years ago by the late Col. J ames Cantlie (afterwards Sir James Cantlie), and the fact that a former revision in 1917 and the recent one have chan ge d the actual teaching so little (if at all) is eloquent tribute to the way that master of the subject did his work. Sir James Cantlie did all that he undertook well. Possibly no man did more for the First Aid Movement, and this textbook, like those he wrote for some other similar organisations, has ne ve r been improved upon. Time and ex perience may have rendered some changes d es irable, but fundamentally Cantlie's textbooks stand as when they were written.

The price of the book remains at one shilling and sixpence. \IV e had hoped the price, with this new edition, would have been reduced to one shilling at least, for such a book should be availab le to all classes. As somewhere near two and a half million copies of this book have been sold, it is felt in man y quarters that the should be lowered. A new edition of the book means new forms of examination, and revision of other pu blications, so that the ardent student is called on to bu y a cop y of the new edition if he wishes to satisfy the exa miner, i.e., he is made to pay in cash, as well as in study, for his enthusiasm.

We hope the Association will look well in to this question of price, for it may be a sound commercial proposition-apart from any other considerations, and there are many-to lower the price of the first aid hand-book. In this connection we throw out the suggestion that an edition in a strong paper cover- cutting out all but what is essentz'al teaching- mi g ht prove a valuable source of revenue to the Association if retailed at, say, s ixpence per copy. Industry to-day wants a good, cheap, authentic textbook of s7'mplc first aid in-

A 1 D. eebruary, 1929.

struction at a popular price for many who require instruction only without regard to examinations, or awards for proficiency.

We understand the St. John Ambulance Association has prepared for sale a pamphlet at 4d. which sets out the alterations made to the 37th edition, so that those who care to do so, can bring their old books up to date.

In conclusion, we should] ike to pay tribute to the way the Revision Committee has done its wotk. It has certainly very thoroughly examined the text and "polished its periods" where opportunity offered, but one cannot help being forced to the conclusion that fundamentally there was little to revIse.

Adjustable Angular Splint.

As the originator and co-applicant for patent rights, Mr Claude B. Sherratt, a member of the Brigade, of 55, King Edwards-road, Swansea, has submitted his Adjustable Angular Splint for our opinion. The splint aims, by means of two serrated surfaces and a set screw, to provide any angle that ma y be desired in treatment of fractures and injured joints; and it is recommended chiefly for compound fractures of the elbow. The joint of the splint is made of metal, with slots into which slips of wood, varying in size to suit different lengths of limb, may be inserted and held securely in position , while the screw of the splint may be worked b y means of a coi n. We cordially congratulate l\1 r. Sherralt on his clever invention which should prove very serviceable; but we fear that the model submitted is made in too heavy metal, whereby unnecessary weight is given to the splint: a grave disadvantage in treatment of fractures and injured joints which require control, as the Textbook teaches us, b y splints firm, long and wide enough to keep joints above and below fracture at rest.

VIe are since informed that the metal portion of the splint will be made from stamped sheet metal, which will be infinitely lighter than the cast model submitted for our medical correspondent's opinion -EDITOR.

---._.---

The No. 11 Divi s io n, Sl. J o hn Ambulance Brigade, ga\"c a dance and whist ;'It Furncss-road Schools , on Saturda y evening, Februar y 9th.

February)

1925l.

Dzstf/zct Reports.

No. \Prince of Wales') Distnct. of No. 94- (Dagenham) Diviaccompallled by memb e rs of a Hirst Aid a t prese nt bcmg held by the Div.ls i on, form ed a section. o f

.L pa rty o f about 18u whI ch VISIted the London HospItal of Anatomy o n Saturday, February 2nd. Th e party had a most instru ct iv e a.£te rno on, and \-vere favour.ed

IJY a lecture by S/Sgt. H ar ri S WIll b e. of especi a l \ alue to those ""h o a rc n ow preparIng for theIr examl11at wn. Th e l ect ur e coyered t h e st ructur e of t h e body, th e organs, a nd the c.ir c ul at ion, a nd t h e p o ints out by S/ Sgt. IIarri s were st rongly impress ed upon hIS lIsLeners by reason of the specim ens, which members of the party wer e allowed not onl y to see, but to h a ndl e At the conclusion of the lect ur e a collection was mad e towar d s th e funds of the L ond on Hospit a l, and the party II ere n round th e Museum, w hich contains man y specimens, n ot th e least int e r esting of w hich is a collectwn of X-ray photos of fractures.

LEWIS1L\.M.-This diyision has lately been presented \\ Ith a h andsome silver cha ll eng e cup by Alderman E. W. Haves, J.P. for t h e purpose of an nu a l competition a mongsL th e members, with the object of enco uragin g first aid to the injured.

Alderman II. Chiesman, J. P , M.B.E., presented the di\ ision with a challe n g·e shi eld fo r the same purpos e las t yea r, and these two t r op hi es w ill be eage rl y so ugh t aft e r during the coming summer months.

SOUT IL\LL.-The annual gene r al meeting of the No. 55 lSouthall) Ambulance Di"ision of the St. J o hn Ambulance Brigade \Vas held on Tuesday evening, Januar y 29th, in the Featherstone R oad Boys' School, Sup t. J. E. Taylo r presiding. There ,vas a f ull atlcndance of members, a nd the Di\ isional Surgeon, Dr. A. B. Brook, was ;tlso present.

The report on the year's work was ext r eme ly factun'. Durin o · the year many letters of appreCiatIon haye l)een from t h e public for sen'ices rendered by members There h as been oyer 100 cases of first aid r endered durin g' t h e year at public f un ctions, bot h loc al a nd London cl{lties, inc ln d in g- exh ibition s, racing tracks and foot hall fields. The Division is making' steady prog ress in numh e r s Seyell new members were enro ll ed dnrin o t h e year making' a total 0 r 58 all ranks. Unforllmat;ly by t h e' death ;)f Pte. Hillier early in t h e year, th e Diyision had lost a ll ent hu iastic member.

Ambulance Officer King gave a sh ort s urv ey of the \\"ork at t h e first a id c1r essing station, which w as ope n ed in June last by Lieut.-Col. vVoolryche P e rown e. R eco rd s r cycalcd that 779 attendances had heen made by th e Amb ul a nce Divisi o n members, an d 97 cases of accident or sudde n illness had rece iwd atte ntion at the station \1]1 to D ec ember 31st.

The Cadet Divisi on und e r Ambulanc e Offic er J. W. Turne r is o'oin o alon n well, an 1 a class for ]'ec ruits is now being' to the Ambulance Divi s ion is a B loo d Transfusion Section, which as isted in a case at a L ond on hospit a l ea rl y in the yea r for a young (Sout h a ll) w o man. S ey e ral members have j o in ed the ::.\Iilita ry Hospital R ese rve, a nd h ave und e r go ne a course of training' a t the Camhridge l\Iilitary Hospital. Aldershot. Tt is hop ed that this reserve will be furth e r str en gth('Ile d t hi s ye ar, and for this purpose Dr. Brook i;<; g ivin g: a. co urse of home nur s ing l ec tur e s to the men, 111 order

Lu gi \ e those \\ islllllg Lu j Olll the resen e the l1uaunCCLllOll tor enrCJ1l11enl.

1 he .LiIVISlOll IS greaLly indcbted lCJ Dr. Brook (lJiyislOna l :::,urgcon) tor tilC amo unt 01 voluntary serVlce he rendcrs to It. 11e ncyer LHCS III g lVlllg hIS valuable insLructIOll, to keep t11e memlkrs up to a hIgh standard 01 ethClenc),

Ambulance Ofticer J. \ \'. Turner and Corpl. Elilll:s were rc-elected dlnslOna1 audItors, and Sergt. J. 'vV. thews WIth seven members \vere elected to serve on the Jomt £ntcrta1lll1lent Comm;ttec \\ ith Pte. S. Tilly as secretary. On the suggestion of Supt. Taylor, officers were not elected- on thlS cOll1miUee, it being felt that as the DiVIsion was gett1l1g large, it wou ld be better to find work for the rank and hie and would gi\-c them encouragement to push the cntertamment section.

It was proposed that an open-air in Southall .Park be arranged again this year, and that all other socletics in the district be asked to assist as last year.

A flag day is being applied for, and May 4th has been noted by the CommIssioner of Police for this purpose.

A visit to the Royal College of Surgeons will be arranged again this year.

In conclusion, Supt. Taylor thanked Dr. Brook for his keen interest in the members, and said it was encouraging to see the members so keen on t h eir \\'ork. He thanked them all for their loyal support.

The first social evening arranged by the newly-formed entertainment committee \vas held in Beaconsfield Road Schools on Tuesday, February 3th, the function being a whi st drive, which proved to be \'Cry successful on the social side, although the number of players was not so la rge as anticipated

W.\LTIIAMSTow .-The 2-1-th annual concert in aid of the f unds of the No 29 (East and \ Vest \ Valthamsto\Y) Division takes place at the Public Baths, vValthamstow. o n Thursday, the 28th inst. The Pipe Band will render selections during the in ten-al. The concert is under the direction of lVIr. I eville Sydney.

EALIXG.-The St. John Ambulance Brigade ill Ealing is extending its \York, and has now added to its organisation a ladies' nur ing diyision. The new diyision ha s been reo'istered under the title of the Xo. 6-1- Ealing Nuring Di vis ion, and is at present uncler the charg·e of 11i s V. Baxter. 4, Cral'en Avenue, 'N est Ealing The members \\"i ll sh o r tly be ayailable for ambulance and nursing duties on public occasions in the horough Tn the past, nur es haYe been horrowed from neig hb ouring divisions for fetes, sports, etc.

GR,\ \-ESE"ND.-At the annual meeting of the Gravesend and ='J"orthfleet Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, held at the Depot. vVe t ?treet, on Friday, Tan u a r \" 2::lth, it was stated that whllst many letters of a n d thanks h ad been received, there had not heen a single compla in t during t h e past ye ar.

The secreta r y in his report, mentioned that thl' past yea r 9 13 serious cases had been atended WIth th(' molor ambulance. anel ,1Iso mcmhers had attended to 203 minor cases.

Th e treasurer (Supt. A. I. Black) disclosed that .the Ambulance Di vision had managed to carryon faIrly co mfortably.

Th e Gravesend allCl NorthAeet Amhulance Diyj i01l n ow 1l1uster 53 men and 40 cadets, and more arc joining-.

No. 2 District.

OLKEY.-The annual meeting 01 the Olney Division St. ] ohn Ambulance Brigade took place on Thursday, January 2-1-th. 1\1r. W. E. Pebudy, J.P., presIded. Supt. \\'. C. Knight submItted hIS annual repoI:t) WhICh stated the stren oth of the J)i"isio11 to be 21) an lllcrease of two on the year. drills had been held with an ayera o' e aLLendance 01 b.S; -1-1 cases had been reported as first aid, and 18 cases had bee!1 removeci. 011 June 2nd 20 members attended an ll1spection by the Chief Commissioner at vVolverton, and ",:,ere complimented on their turn -.out. The annual re-ex;amll1ation was held by the DivISlOllal Surgeon on April 12th, all members being present and passing. Four of the R. .A.S ,B.R. underwent trainin o' in R.N. hospItal s , and g-ave satisfaction. Sergt. H . Hoddle had been promoted to Ambulance Officer. IIe " as selected for steward at the county competitions at High in March, and receiyccl. on behalf of the Olney Dl\ IS10n" the Scales Carter Cup for the most efficient division in Bucks for 1927. On July 1-1-th members of the DI\' ISlOl1,. with Layendon, assisted the Bedford Town Dl\' ISlOll III public duty, on the occasion of the visit of I-I.R.H. the Princess Mary. Oyer 100 cases were treated, and letters of thanks were afterwards received expressing appreciation of the men's sen ices. Much good \\'ork had been done with the motor ambulance, and the to\\'n and district could not afford to b e withou t it. "Haying' concluded 21 years in this diyision proceeded Supt. Knigh t , ,( I h,we tendered my resignation to the County Commissioner. During he eight ancl a-half years that I han been in charge we have seen many changes, but we have made progress and kept efficienl. At the same time T am strongly of the opinion that the members should haye an officer on the pot to eleal with emergencies. I should like to leave the division stronger financially and numerically "

GLOUCE STER. - Th e annual dinncr of th e Atlas \ Vorks cla<;s was lleld at the Spread Eagle Hotel, Gloucester. The chair was taken by l\Ir. S. J. Fieldin.g'. The chai rm an said that the di rectors very much appreciated such a gathering as that , which enabled them to express their great appreciation for the keenness which the memhers of the class had sho\\'n cluring the past year He \Vas sure that they had earned all the nraise that was clue, ha\ ing hacl no less t han 100 per cent. successful in the recent examination. He made special reference to the lecturer (Dr. l\Ia\'\ and also to the in tructor (Mr. A. V/. Roach). to hoth of whom the class owed their thanks. He said that he had great hopes that the works would yet hecome the proud posse sors of the City S llield.

DmcoT.-The presentation of awards to members of the St. John Ambulance Association took place in the large room at the Junction Hotel Didcot before a laro e audience. 1\1r. A. l\Iedclows Tavlor (stationmaster cot) presided.,

The read a letter of apology from Colonel p.oultOll. (C1llef Consta.hle o.f Berkshire), who expressed h.IS g-ratltllde for allow1l1g hIS constables to join the assoCIatIon.

Dr: \ i\fatts congratulated the members on their awards, an.d sa Id they hopeel to enter on a new phase in Di ckol. HItherto .they had had a large muster of keen men who had not, 111 the past, tr ied to ohtain recoo'nition from the St. J ohn Ambu.lance He wat pleased to say had deCIded to Jom the Brigade and to he reco o'- lllsed. ,..,

Mr. Keefe said it was the first occasion on which he had been called upon to speak on the merits of the and he was pleased to say it was one of the most actIve and p r ogre<;<;i\'e in the district. Tt sho we d keell-

I U. February, 19 29 .

ness and inAllcllce among young members. good Sig l1 was the formation o£ a Brigade in th e dlstnct In ,u;llJulance "ork there was a ways room for r ecogllltlOl1 of good ,, ork.

No. 3 District.

RUGBY.-\Ve regret to report the death of one of the olclest members o£ the Rugby Division) Staff-Se r g t. W. E. 13 rowne, \yllO passed away on January 17th last after a short illness.

Staff-Sergt. Browne had been with the division from its earliest days, having heen one of the of original committee which took the first steps 111 fonmng this unit of the Bngade.

H is enrolment date was Octoher, 1902, promoted Corporal in 1910, Sergeant in 1915, and Staff - Sergt. in 1923.

Last year he ",as made a erving Brot h e r of the Order, and was truly proud of the honour, which un fortunately he has only been spared a short time to wear.

During' the days before the war Staff-Sergt. Browne

February, 1929.

FIRST

White and Corps Officer G. Kingsworth, who, to de light of the children, acted in the role of Father Ch1'1s.tmas, and hand ed each child a present and a b ag of The sp lendid succe.ss of the party due to t he untIr1ng effo rts and ent hUSIa sm of the commIttee.

The catering was well up to the standard of prevlOUS yea rs, and was carried out by Mrs. Porter, (Lady District Officer) and Lady C.orps Officer Mlss E. M. Bigg s who were ably assisted by the Ambulance Slsters, to the thanks of the N.C.O.'s is given.

A most enjoyable evening was brought to a close by sing ing the National Anthem.

No 4 ist rict.

ASPATRIA.-The annual Int e r-pit Shield Competition took place at Aspatria on Saturday , J 19th. Mr. S D Bouch presided over a company of 111terested specTe ams representing No.4. Pit, Brayton, a?d No. 5 Pit, Aspatria, competed for the Brayton Domam lieries Ch a ll enge Shield, an d two sets of me?als glVen by Mrs. Harri s. Tower Carhsle. The feature of the affaIr was the very hlg-h of effirip ncv disphved bv a ll t he competlt.lOn , whic h consistpd of individual oral. (lnd team work. was rondu cteo bv Dr. Rankll1, Aspat1'1a; Dr. Brown Dr. Fl etcher, Working-ton, respectively. Seven te::lm<; narticipated in the competition. the t hr ee sectio ns of whirh were carried out simulta n eously. The shield was r eta ined bv No.4 Pit with an numher of rks ncr team of 256 as against No.5 Pit's 239. The sh;elrl meoals were presented to the winning teams b y Miss Duckham, Keswick.

BAcup.--Th oug-h thev have met with several disappoint m ents the offirials of the Bacuo St. John Amhulance centre have 18houred to revive the interest in the annua l musical f e stival that was at one time centred in the movement, and they can now claim to have made some d efinite progress, for they are able to announce a profit on las t year's venture the amount is only small , it is the best result that has been returned for four years, and is an encouragement to the promoters to continue their efforts.

POLICE AMBuLANcE.-Cumb e rland and Westmorland

A I D. 203

Sergt. Smith (divisional secretary) then submitted his report for the past year, which stated that during the year the Divisional Surgeon (Dr. J. H. Thornley) had been promoted to county surgeon and Dr. Watson had been appointed divisional surgeon. The number of accident eases treated by brigade men during the year was 94 14 of which were road accidents, while six people had been removed At the annual re-examin ation 24 brigad e men were examined and a ll p asse d. Th e annual inspection was conducted b y Acting--Commission e r Major A. Hammersley Johnston, assisted by Assi stant- Commissioner F. P \Vilson J.P., and th e ir report of the inspection was of a hig-hlv satisfactory character.

A dis('ussion followed, in the cours e of which many us e ful sug-g-estions wer e made. One wort h y of special mention was t he proposition of Pte , W Gr eenwood that people interest ed in our work he invited toioin at honorarv members at a nominal subscription. the proceeds of which he devoted to equipping first -a id boxes in various parts of the town.

The St. John Ambulance Carnival held at the Olympia at Thursda y evening, Febru a r y 7th, was a success in every way, a nd was a record for t h e Brig-ade. The f;:mcv dress competiti()n was a special attraction, and was responsihle for the fin est show of fancy costumes this vear at the OlYmpia. Close upon 800 were present, and ;'f this over fifty were in dress.

Dtlring- the evening- a notoriou s hi ghwayman (Pt-=. Mattinson representin g- Dick Turpin) appeared on the scene and held up the patrons while he received their gold and silver.

The announcement that a bullock was to b e roasted on the ballroom floor created some speculation and not a little surprise and when during an inter val a "butcher ,(Pte. Sykes) 'and the" chef" (a FIlev ambulance man) appeared on the scene the bullock, the whole crowd rushed to the scene. The" bullock" was a toy one, about one foot long- and was then roasted over a candle on a dustpan. Th is created considerable amusement. but the excitement increased when it was observed that the highwayman h ad been captured. H e was fastened on a stretcher and carried to the "roasting place," but he offered too much resistance and eventually escaped.

late Staff-Sergl. Browne.

,, ' as a regular attendant at the K o. 3 District camps) and many members of the divisions taking part in those camp s will remcmber our late friend in the "L in es" and " Gllards" competitions.

At his funeral therc was a representative gathe rin g of the Rugby Division, the Rugby Nursing Division, ancl the Rugby Cadets Division, totalling about 30, [our noncoms , and two pr i\ ates of tIle former di\'ision acting a s hearers.

The Rughy Yolllntccr Fire Brigade was r epresented hv the Cllicf Officer, Maior C. Seabroke and Firem a n J-Iogg, while the Order 0 (Oddfellows and the local Comm it tee o[ Scouts a lso S(,11t representatives.

Birmingham Co rp s K.C.O.'s C luh helcl thei I- third annua l Christmas children's party 011 January 12th. at the corps headquarters, when 120 cllilclren and N.C.O.'s wives were c nt e r ta in ed.

AI; excellent tea was presided ove r by Corps Sergt.:'laJor Gregory, after which gamC's and an entertainment we r e 0 f tl1C' e\' ening, during' wllich eyeryone had an enJoyah le timC'. The compa n y were lono ur ed by th e presenCe of Asst. C01l1miss ioner Capt. H e nt on Whit e, Mrs.

Police ambulance team had the misfortune to be beaten by half a point by Blackburn Higher Division in the a nnual competition for the Pim Challenge Cup for the city and borough police ambulance teams in the North Weste rn Area, at Strefford Road Drill Hall, Manchester. Twe nty-one teams ente red for the competition, which consis ted of team and individual tests. In the team test the Cumberland team scored 16M points. Blackburn score d 164) but scored 71 in the individual tests, in which Cum berland gained points. Both teams being equal in the total number of points scored, it was decided that Blackburn t ea m should r e tain the trophy on the rule which allow s the most points scored in the individual tests to decide a tie.

The team, in to being the holders of t he Pim CUD. won the Malloy Cup at Preston in Octoher. w hen the Cumherland team tied with Livernool City for third place, and h ave an unbeaten record. This was the Cumberland team's second entry in the competition.

No. 6 District.

SCARROROUGH.-Th e annual meeting of the Scarborough Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade was held at Rowntree's Cafe on W ednesday February 6th. At t he commencement Supt. H. W. S. Coe welcomed the men of the Sherhllrn sub-division, who are attached to the Scarboro ugh Division.

A competition fo r g uessin g the amount of money the hig-hwayman had coll ected from his "victims" then was held and Mrs. G. Taylor secured the prize.

THORNLEY.-A number of colli e ry ambulance teams competed in the divisional competition of the D onald Bain Shield in the Welfare Hall , Thornle y, on Saturday, Febru ary 2nd.

Dr. Thorp and Dr. Vloodward were the adiudicators, and their placing-s were a s follows: 1, Bl ackh8 11 B., 236 points; 2, Dorothea B., 231 points; 3 Eppleton, points; 4 Horden B., 201 points; 5 Win gate, 193 pomts. Th e winners, Blackh al l B., qualify to compete in the final at Durham on March 2nd.

WILLI NGTON.-A divisional examination in connection with th e Don a ld Bain Shi eld Comp etition was held in Willington Parish Hall on Saturday, the 2nd for senior teams. Th e exam iners were Dr. .T. D. Lelg-h , of Sunderland, and Dr. McCrea, of Murton Colliery. Waterhouses t ea m did not put in a n appearance. The maximum numher of points was 300.

Th e awards in order of merit were: Bearpark, 234; Dean and Chapter, 220: Esh Winning-, 212; Rodd ymoo r , 185; Sacriston, 162. Bearpark qualified to compete in t he final to be held at Durham.

PENISTONE.-At the annual meeting of the Penistone Division Ambulance Brigade the hon. sec., Mr. G. Yard-

By courtl's) l [Tit Rug !» A rip /'} liscr, The

ley, rcported that during thc ycar the members had attended to 265 cases, eXclUS1ye of 18 cases to at Denby Dale during the Great Pie demonstratlOn "and, 1,0 cases of road accidents at the Flouch on the mOOI s, lTlclking a total of 293, or 66 morc than last ycar.. _

:\Iembers have also been 111 attendance wIth thc Pelll:,tulle Clnd District Motor Ambulance on 30. occaSlOns. Members have also been on road patrol sen'Jce on SUlldays since the openi11g of the road boxes. finances of the diYision are satisfactory, the pubhc havll1g gIven fairly good support.

N o .8 Distri ct .

VVELLS.-- That the Tunbridge \ iVells Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade performs a wonderful work is a fact that was fully rcyealed at the annual meetino' of the Diyision held on Tuesday, January 15th, at the bGeneral Ho pital. There it was shown that all previous records with regard to removals, accIdents, mcnt, etc., had been surpassed, and that the and efficiency of the Division had never stood hIgher.

Some intere ting and new ideas were put 10rward durin o' the meeting' by the President (Col. C B. Palmer, J.P., Knight of Justice of the Order of St. John), who occupied the chair, and Supt. Whlbley made som.e straight comments as to the attitucll: 01 the Town CouncIl towards the Brigade.

The commitlee and secretary presented reports and the hon. treasurer presented the accounts. Both the reports and accounts were adopted, and the President, in commenting on them, said he congratulated them on the excellent result of their year's labour. He had rarely, if eyer, come across a Diyision carried on in a more husiness-like way than theirs. The reports were lent in e\'ery way, and proyed that from the officers down to the latest priYate they had with one aim--to promote the efficiency in the Diyisiol1, and to work for the public weal. He \\'as g'lad to sec they were going- to haye an efficient team tll enter competitions, and he hoped the coullty trophy woule! comc to Tunbriclg-c \\'clls.

He thought first-aid wtre es ential, and would h e extended later on. II c referred to tlle police boxes which had been introduced hy the Chief Constable of N ewcastle, and said as a r es uit of t hese the town had been saved £2-1-,000, and the number of police stations had been reduc ed from e]cyell to three, whilst eight sergeants and 17 men hael been rel eased from duty. Since they had becn introduced, arrang'ements had been made 'with the St. John Ambulance Brigade to supply first-aid material, and those boxes were no\\' supplied with dressings and a set of splints. IIe thom;ht the idea was going- to reyolutionise the whole 0 r the police system in the country. and if Tunbridg'e vVells took the matter up. he· hoped the vVatch Committee would arran e:e \\lith the B rig-ade to supply first-aid materials. and lw hoped when they c.ame to them for hclp t hey woulel also give them a donatIOn for the purpose.

Supt. ,\iVllihley in supporting the President's remarks, referred to the housill!?,' of the amhulance, anel said but for the generosity 0 f the authorities of the General Hospital, he did not know what they ,"'ould have done. Th" assistance they hac! recei"ecl fraIn the Town Council had heen hlank.

The Committee had already made efforts to form a cadet di\'ision, l)ut there was one hie,- problem hefore them. It was necessary to make a cadet sup.e rintendent, and that wOlllc1 mean rc pone:ing'" on the persollnel of the existing- division. They had yaluahle officers and N.C.O .'s hut none 0 them could very well he spared to devote the :\'hole of their time to the \York of a cadet division. Thev l1llcndecl howeycr. to g:et oYer that difficulty. First-aiel classes hac! also been considered hy the Committee, and

A I D .

Fe b r u a r y, 1929 . they had endeayoured to increase of thc llngadc by appointing supernumarIes 1 he I ech11lcal JnsLltute had promised to start a class for the publtc 111 ;-.he new year, but they had heard no more, and r£ they v\ ere not going to do anythll1g, then It mIght pOSSIble £01' the Dlyisional Surgeon to take a class of .)0 as easdy as 2.5 or 30. They had always endecl\'ourec1 to help the nursing division in every wa) possible, and he thought the \\ cd;:-end camps was a most excellent suggestlOll.

C\TERlIxM.--The annual general I1.1eeting: of. the Caterham Division of the Sl. John Ambulance BrIgade was held in the Queen's Park Station on Tuesday, J anuary 8th. There was a good of members) ll1 eluding .i\1r. E. E. D. Heesom, J.P. (DIStrICt. Officer for Surrey). Ambulance Officer.T. Tuckcy was 111 the chaIr. Transport Officer R SmIth reported that 49 cases of illness and 22 cases 01 accidents had been removed 111 the motor' ambulance, im'o lving a "total of miles, since the car was received in May.

ASHFORD TOvVK.--Not only does Ashford claim to haye the oldest pLirely voluntary , bri,ga de in England, hut the town has the oldest division of the S1.. J 01111 Ambulance Brigade This d'ivision--the Ashford Town Division--this year celebrates its fifty years' work, and arranO'em e nts are being' made to celebrate the jubilee in a manner. 1n the combined district of Ashford and Will;sborotlg-h there are no fewer than five divisions of the St. Tohn Amhulance Brigade, a record probably unequalled- for a district of the size.

Evidence of the continued usefulness of the Town Di\'is ion was given at the annual meeting held in the Dr. \\1ilks' Memorial Hall, on Wednesday, January 23rd, when the -+9th annual report was reac!, mentioning- that in the year under reyiew the motor ambulanC'e eoYered a distance of nearly 6,000 miles. Councillor P. H. Jones presided, and among those attending- ,,"ere Dr. E. Scott (surgeon), 1\1r. F. J. Miles (superintcndent). l\1r. ]. H. Pierce (secretary) and 1\1r. Frith Lust y (treasurer).

In his annual report the secrdary stated that twent,)five drills were helc1 and 219 public duties attended Removals by the motor ambulances totalled 434, coyering' a distance of 5,9-1-2 miles. Attention W::1.S also given to 243 cases of accident and sudden illness, and a g-rcat amount of work had been performed on the cross-roads patrol scheme. To further assist in the latter work a motorcycle combination was pl1rChClSed for linking' up tIle men on th e cross-roads c1ut v Clnd for patrolling' hctween Ashford, Lenham, Charing , Challock and Cllilham.

The chairman remarked that the report showed what a wonderful work the Division was The public, he said, thanked the members very heartily for their selfsacrificing services

Superintendent F. T. 1\1iles, in his report, referred to the g'reat amount of time that mcmhers gave for road acc idents during the summer and that lle did not remember hearing one grouse.

Dr. Scott, on hehalf of the officers, non-commissioned officers and men as a mark of their esteem and co-incident with the juhi l ee of the Division and completion of the Superintendent's thirty years' se r vice. nresen1ed to SUDerintencIent Miles an ehony walking- stick with so l id silver head (engraved wit h tIle em l lem of t lle Order and t Ile clate llis monog.-ram ill si \'('r). Dr . Scott s;:Jid that he had seen nine years of 1\11'. Miles's service and had found Ilat cllaracterised hy two outstanding- qualities --rehahllIty and clleerfulness A superintendent posses<;ing' tho e qualities to an eminent degree collected ;:Jl'Ound him ()thers of like C1ualities, and in thr1t way a d v ision 'V'iS formed. Mr. Miles ill 1-IFI1lk1ng 1h0 mcmhers verv heartily. ;:) l so cong'rattJlated t h em upon keening' the mar1(,r secrct. Be h OJ)C'c1 to he (1h (' to 11se l1le p' ir t for a o'ood manv vears in t h e w()rk of t h e ;-,

Fe bru ary, 1929

.ALDERsHoT.--The probability that the Aldershot,Division of the St. John Ambu a. n ce Brigade will have its own headquarters and motor in the near future was mcntioned at the annual meetmg, held on Tuesday evening, January 29th, in the Hall) Station Road. The Mayor of A ldershot) Conncillor H. M Foster, J.P., presided. was .made of transfer. of the Division to a (11stnct whIch comprIses Hampslllfe and yarious Home Counties, from what was purely a railway district, and the hope was expressed that his would bring: thc Di\'ision into closer touch with Aldershot activities

An intere ting' anllual report was presented by Divisio nal Superintendent C. H Pearson, which is to be forwarded to the District Commission. This stated that it had heen h is ambit ion that one day we should have some headquarters of our own in Aldershot. This ambition seems to he realised, thanks to the Southern Railway for placing land at our disposal.

No. 9 District.

REDRuTII.--Presic1ing at the annual meeting of the Redruth St. J oh11 Ambu ance Brigade, Superintendent W Lanyon thanked the officers and men for their loyalty,

The old pumping station of the Maypole Iargarine Works, Ltd., '.vhich this Company let to the Southall Division, S.].A. B., at the exremely favourable rentai of one shilling per annum, and, in addition, supply water and light much below co 1.. The building stands in its l1\\'n grounds and has been converted into a dressing slalion. This is indeed a bandsome contribution to the funds of the Di\ ision and an apprec i;.u ion of it:-.

\"oluillary \\·ork . 'Ve call only hope that lhis will catch the eye uf other concerns that 11l;lY haw a little Llsed building that could be used for a similar puq)ose on such fa\ ourablc term!'..

B; (ourtes), 0/ tIle U est M'idd.'tse.1 Gazette.

and voiced appreciation of the suppOrt receiyed from the townspeople. Corpl. P. Rowe (secretary) reported that the working of the diyision during 1928 had been very satisfacto ry, and new records had been made in the number of transport and first-aid cases dealt with.

First-aiel cases dealt with totalled 1.023, an increase of 737. During the year the motor anel 110rs'e ambulances Inc! tranlled 2:661 miles.

WEYMOUTTI.--Who would be an ambulance worker?

Like the 111e111b rs of tIle medical profession, their ser\'ices are calleel upon sudden ly at all times 0 f the day ancl nig-ht ane! in all sorts of weather. and the '\iVeymouth Branch or St. J Oh11 Am hulan e Association is testimony to this.

During' last year the Ambulance Brigade received 1.79 calls, 128 hospital cases and 51 accidents; tIle prompt resnOl1Se to the calls is \'ery creditahle to Superintendent 1\1r.

F. A. Fanner and the driver, Symes. especially consideringthe distance of the C"l1l1hulance station in Commercial Road from Enderhy H ouse, where the driyer resides. Then oct h e B r igade receive -Frivo l ous ca ll s. As an l11stance, the clriver was ca llee! to a spot outs ide the town

A I D. 205

where he was hailed by two boy cyclists, one riding and one dismounted. On enquiry, Symes was informed that one of the cyclists had struck a pot hole in the road and had been thrown from his machine, but was unhurt. It appears that an alarmed witness of the mishap had telephoned for the ambulance before ascertaining whether there were any injuries.

The Hclston district has just cause in belI1g proud of 'its Diyision of the St. John Ambulance Brito whose \Vork in the area tributes were paid by speakers at a supper given to the members by friends of the Brigade at the Regent Hotel, Helston, on Monday, January 28th. The Mayor (Alderman J. B. Martin) presided over what proved to be an extremely happy function.

Following the loyal toast, the chairman offered the "Clergy and Ministers of Religion," and spoke of the g-reat debt due to them Responding, the Rev. Guy Graham (Vicar of Helston) said the first classical example in literature of first-aid work was found in the Bible in the story about the man who, when going down to Jericho, fell among thieves. The speaker had been

0Teatly interested in ambulance \vork. In looking through the bCtclo'et of hi church expenses he noticed that they had clon e for the Ambulance Brigade what they had done for the K ursing' A sociation and the Hospital., for whom they set asid; so much in yearly subscriptions. From that nig'ht he meant to appeal to his wardens that there should be some definite subscription set aside each year for tIle ambulance., and that they should clo for thef!1 as they did for the hospital. How would It be possible to get people to WIthout .t he help of the ambulance, \\ho certall1ly (hel the carrylng part well?

"The Medical Profession" \\ 'as toa ted by Mr V/esley Moyle (auditor), who said they \,ery fortunate in their doctors ill that to\\,l1 ancl dl tnct. They were very attentiye to their duties and ,,'e re alvcays careful not to im o]Ye them in too g-reat expense when new Go\'ernmcnt and County reg'ulatiol1s were brought in. He paid trihute to the efficiency and carefulness the mell?hers of th(> Amhulance Brigade in the handhng ?f t.hellpatients. He quoted a per onal when. hl SIster wa taken by yan to Penzance 1Il order to Journey to

London to be medically treated. She told him that the ambulance people in London shook her more in transferring her from the train to the stretcher than she was shaken in her journey from Helston Lo Penzance and from Penzance home. She had remarked that the men in London should come to Helston to take lessons from them in the handling of patients.

EXETER.-The usual atmosphere of comradeship and good fellowship was again in evidence at the annual supper of the Exeter Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, which was recently held at the Police Parade Room.

The loyal toast having been honoured, a presentation was made by the chairman, Dr. C. N. Lovely, brigade surgeon, to ex-Ambulance Officer Rivers of a case of pipes and photograph of the Brigade, in appreciation of his service on his retirement after 28 years' service.

Supt. Bowden said Mr. Rivers and himself were the only two left of the original division. Mr. Rivers joined the Brigade as a private 28 years ago, and had experienced rapid promotion. He quickly rose to the rank of corporal, then to sergeant, staff sergeant, and finally ambulance officer. Mr. Rivers held a record of which he could well be proud, and his career had been marked by long. faith ful and self-sacrificing service. He had several of di.stinction for long service and efficiency, includmg ServIce Brother Order of St. John; Service medal and two bars; St. John Ambulance Brigade; Gold, silver and bronze medals, Couthern Railway Centre; St. John Ambulance Association: and the St. John and British Red Cross War Service Medal. He was secretary for the Southern Railway Ambulance Corps for several years. Though no long-er on the active list, Mr. Rivers would be always welcomed bv the Brig-ade. CorpI. A violet said the work of the Brigade had grown enormously. In the early days an accident caused quite a stir and ,vas talked about for weeks. Now in these bustling days of increased traffic on the roads they dealt more .than a thousand cases a year. CorpI. AVIOle.t jomed Wlth the Brigade in wishing Mr. Rivers long hfe and hapDiness. and said they all wished to see more of him jn the future.

the gifts, Mr. Rivers said the hapdays of hIs hfe had been spent with the Brigade. was now firmly established. But he remembered the tIme when an accident would be a (( red letter day"

In .humorous vein Mr. Rivers spoke of the growth of the Bng-ade. and recalled his first removal, when, with two colleagues, a lady was taken through the streets to headquarters on a stretcher, no vehicles being available He referred to the excellent 'York done by Sergt. Arnold as transport officer,. and saId commendation was due to Dr. Loyely for gwmg free instruction. Mr. Rivers in conclusIOn: saId he was sorry to sever his active nectIOn wIth them, but he would often be with th the future. em m

No. 10

The following report of the She ringh.am ?f the. S.J.A.B. covers the work of the diviSIon smce Its mceptIOn in 1927. The Division was registered on June 3rd of that year, and was composed of 18 of whom one had obtained his fifth label one hIS first .label,. three had vouchers, and thirteen had passe? fOT FI.rst AId Certificates. In December, 1927 an ??me Nursing was held, and all members .m the passed this, thus gaining the Home N ursmg CertIficate. On April 24th 1928 a f th fi' " ur er exm ald. was conducted, for the purpos f obtammg thIS resulted in an increase of 13 . on December 18th a second examination III Home Nursmg took place, which resulted ip nine

A I D . February, 1929.

passes for pendants and four for certificates. Thus at the close of 1928, when the Division was only one year and seven months old, the membership, including the divisional surgeon, was 31. Of this number three have obtained more than one label, 14 have obtained medallions, and 13 have first-aid certificates. All members, with one exception, have qualified in Home Nursing, and seven obtained pendants, and this with only five members possessing any qualifications when the Division was first formed.

Each member of the Division has become a member of the St. John V.A.D. Can any other division of like age show such qualifications? It would be interesting- to hear of any others who have taken up the work in such an efficient manner. Apart from the individual interest taken by members to gain these qualifications, the Division has entered into useful public work, having at the end of 1928 attended 39 cases under medical supervision. Numerous cases of minor inj uries had been treated by members. Since October, 1927, the Division has provided two orderlies for each football match at the local recreation ground. A hospitals carnival was held here in September, 1928, and 13 members were on duty under the Divisional Superintendent, some of them doing conduty from. p.m. until 10.30 p.m. In competttIOn work the DIVISIOn has only entered into one contest, at Gt. Yarmouth, on June 9th, on the occasion of the county display of the B.R.C.S. In the men's first-aid and stretcher competition the team entered was sixth out of eleven entrants,. and in novice triangular bandagingfirst, and places were secured. Fifth place in ulllform competItIOn was also gained.

At present the Division has been unable to enter into competition work g-enerally owing to the fact that so many of the are engaged in businesses which are .very busy durmg season, and the g-eneral and full qualtficatIOns were considered more Important.

At the present time one of .the mel!lbers is conducting a class of. fifteen lads WIth a VIew to commencing a cadet dIVISIon.

Division is very fortunate in having officers who have ItS welfare and efficiency at heart and who spare no effort to further. work and usefulness. Will any of dIVISIOns please take particular notice of the suggestIOn made earlier in this report that a record may have been made .in f!1atter of the qualifications of n:embers of and if any others can beat. It, .It would be mterestlllg to see it printed in this publtcatIOn next month.

CRoMER.-The cheerful comradeship which has been an Important factor in enabling the Cromer Division of the St. J Ambulance Brigade to attain its present of .w.as in evidence at the second annual dInner of the held at Abbeville, Cabbell Road, on evenlllg, February 5th when Pte F H preSIded, supported ?y Asst. F. H'. Alder;nan D. DaVIson (chairman of the Urban Istnct CouncIl), and others.

d A plehasin g ceremony took place immediately after mner, w en Asst. Commissioner F H B 1 s t d d I arc ay pree me a s and clasps for efficient service Before so, Mr Barclay the most upon ItS successes durmg the past year in competlttons. They started by win,ning the East An lian Cup for the seventh ttme on March 31st gad t eny secured the "Barclay" Cup, presented by h' ff at armouth on June 9th, and to crown all th Imse , the Iveagh Cup in October, putting in two secured first and second places (A 1 ) Th J Brigade . e St. WIth surpnsmg rapidity in Norfolk. s gOlllg ahead Alderman D. Davison proposed the toqst of "The St.

February, 1929. FIRST

John Ambulance Brigade," and, thanking the members for their hospitality, saId that he knew that every member of the Division felt the obligation which devolved upon him in being associated with so honourable an institution as the St. John Ambulance Brigade, their record was proof of that, and the work done by the Cromer Division had added distinction and lustre to the services rendered by the organisation. In these days people, whether they went out in a perambulator or a Rolls-Royce, did not know whether they would be brought home in an ambulance, and therefore the general public ought to recognise both in a moral and material sense, the great advantages conferred upon the community by the organisation. District Officer Emms, responding, said that the Brigade generally was most fortunate in its superior officers. No District had a better Commissioner than Major Hossack, who always exercised wonderful tact when finding fault or in putting men on the right lines.

IpSWICII.-In the presence of skilled ambulance men and efficient nurses-members of the Ipswich Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association paraded at the Town Hall on Monday evening, January 28th, for the annual distribution of awards.

The Mayor (Dr. J. F. C. Hossack), who presided, is the Commissioner for No. 10 District of the St. John Ambulance Association, an area comprising a large tract of the East of England, and at the outset he indicated the scope of the activities of the local centre. Those activities are threefold, and his Worship placed first the voluntary service of men and women competent to render nrst aid, who are to be found at all places where crowds assemble, and whose services are immediately available in case of accident. In the second place, he said, the centre possessed two full-equipped motor ambulances, ready to turn out at any hour of the day or night for the transport of the sick or inj ured. Those ambulances ,\'ere in of fully-qualified first-aid men. Thirdly, the ASSOCIatIOn had a medical comforts depot, which was worked voluntarily under the direction of Dr. S. O. Eades, fro1!l this depot every requisite which was necessary In the SIck-room could be supplied on loan at the cost of a few pence per week.

Dr. S. O. Eades, describing the work of the Medical Comforts Depot, said that this branch of the St. J oh11 Ambulance Association's activities was established three years ago. There were now some 400 articles available a t the depot and during the year 688 applications were made for various requisites for the sick-room and for the use of patients. Those who were familiar with the work-carried on so admirably by Miss Hart and Mr. .conscious of the inadequacy of the present premIses, and It was a great joy to them that a site of new premises had been obtained in St. Margaret's Green, and that the ?uilding was to be erected at a cost of £1,750 by the IpSWIch Co-operative Society in commemoration of its diamond jubilee.

It is understood that for the first time for a number of ye-:r.s the annual field day of the North Riding branch of the Bnttsh Red Cross Society will be held at Redcar instead of Northallerton The field day will be held on Saturday, June 22nd.

Fourteen teams associated with the Ambulance Sections of. the Notts and Derbyshire Collieries Alliancl' took part at Bllsthorpe on Saturday, Janu ary 26th, in the annual competition for the Fenwick Cup. The winners were: 1, Cinde rhill Colliery; 2, Sutton Colliery; 3, Mansfield Colliery; 4, Annesley Colliery.

Priory for Wales.

GLAMORGAN POLICE FIRST AID COMPETITION.

KEEN interest was shown in the second annual County Police Ambulance CompetitIOn, whIch was held at the Bridgend Police Station on January 17th. Eight teams from various divisions in the County met in healthy rivalry to decide the winner of the" Joseph Freedman" Cup, and the of representing the Glamorgan County PolIce In the No.8 District Eliminating Contest. The various stages of the competition occupied the greater part of the day, and a high standard of merit was revealed. The team test printed below shows' that commonsense as well as skill '\ ere called for.

The Judges, l\Iajor A. ,\V. Anderson, Ogmore Vale, and Dr. \V. Edmund Thomas, O.B.E., awarded the following marks :-

Total marks.

1. Aberdare (Di\'ision ..1.1) 159i-

2. Pontypridd (Division B2) 152-

3. Treherbert (Di\ ision G6) 1+7 +. Tonypandy (Division G7) 131

5. Pontlottyn (Di\ ision F5) 131

6. Kenfig- Hill (Di\ ision C3) 115

7. Barry Dock (Di\ ision E+) 1Hi-

8. Gowerton (Di\ ision H8) 95-

The Chief Constable (Capt. Lionel Lindsay, O. B. E., 1\1. V. 0.) presented the cup to Sergeant R. Lions (captain) of the Aberdare Team, and the medals given by the Glamorgan Police Athletic Club to the members.

The competition was organised by the Priory for Wales at the request of the Chief Constable. The arrangements were carried out by the Competition Secretary, Mr. '\v. Abraham.

TEA [ TEST.

At the height of a very severe storm of wind you are informed that a live overhead transmission wire has fallen down and struck a man who is now lying unconscious. As you approach, a slate from the roof is seen to strike the man in the middle of the left leg. There is no means of short-circuit ing the wire. The man's home is 40 yards away.

A nswers worked out z'n detail.

Rapid cautious approach

Keep clear of ",ire (Deduct 10 if ,,,ire touched)

Keep back crowd

Warn them about wire

I nsulate self

Ask for rubber gloves (No)

Ask for rubber mat (No)

Ask for rubber pouches (No)

Select stick from those a\'ailable

Stand on dry wooden plank

Remove ",ire from per on with dry stick

Use dry caps, cloth, or silk for hand

Is he breRthing (No)

Rapid examination of ribs and upper cxtremitie fracture (N 0)

for

Steady injured leg

Schafer's method of artificia l r espiration

Careful turning of patient to prone position

Head Lo one side

10uth and nose away from ground

Kneel on one sid" or astride facing hE>ad .,.

Position of hands

Arms straight

Method of applying pressure

l\lethod of relaxing pressure

Twelve times to minute (Time)

If face congested change to Sylvester's

Phone for doctor

Phone to power station

Send to his house to prepare

If phon not working, send messenger

Expose leg ",here struck by slate

Is there (Yes)

Is it severe? (No)

Is it spurting? (No)

What is colour? (Red)

Is wound clean? (Yes)

Any foreign body in ""ound (No)

Swelling (Yes, slight)

Deformity ( 0)

Irregularity (No)

Paint fingers with iodine

Paint ,,-ound with iodine

Dry absorhent dressing

Pad of "\\"001

Firm bandage o\-er dressing

Is controlled? (Yes)

Examination for burns (Yes, right forearm)

Expose wound

Apply lint with boracic ointment if ,wailable

Co\"e r with cotton wool

Bandage lightly

Examination for further injuries (:\" one)

Prepare stretcher Load stretcher

_

OP ENING OF PORT TALBOT A:\IBULANCE HALL.

The Mayor and Corporation of Port Talbot accorded Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K.B.E. and Lady Lewis, O.B.E., and Mrs. Andrew Fletcher of Margam Castle, a civic reception on Saturday, January 5th, at a rally of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, to celebrale the opening of the Ambulance Hall In Margam Terrace, Port Talbot.

\Vith the Tayor and his guests on the platform were members of the Corporation, the Town Clerk (M r. Moses Thomas, J. P.), Alderman \Villiam Jenkins, M.P., Mr. W. G. Cove, M.P., Mr. J. Fletcher (deput ising his father, Captain Andrew Fletcher), Captain "'T . Henry Williams ( ewport) and Dr. R. T. Williams.

The Mayor (Alderman Evan Dummer), moved a vote of condolence with the widow and family of Colonel J. Arnallt Jones, M.D., K.H.S., V.D., to whose activities in Aberavon 40 years ago, the local ambulance movement owed its existence. Sub-Commissioner Lemuel Jones, J.P., as onewho had been associated with Colonel Jones at the birth

of the movement, seconded, and the motion '\vas carr\'ed in silence. The Mayor reviewed the growth of the' movement in the district, and hOl)ed the opening of their Hall would imbue the members with fresh enthu.<;>iasl11 and lead them on to still greater aetivities in their noble work. He extended a very warm welcome to Sir Herbert and Lady Lewis, and also to Mrs. Andrew Fletcher and Mr. J. Fletcher, expressi ng his regret that Captai n Fletcher had been unab1e to join them.

Sir Herberl Lewis paid a tribute to the kindIi ness and generosity of Captc..i nand M L-S. Fletcher, and added that Mrs. Flelcher in particular, took a very keen personal interest in the ambulance movement and was always ready to do what she could in the cause of suffering humanity. I t was Captain and :Mrs. Fletcher who had given the site for the new Hall at a nominal rental of five shillings per annum, and Mrs. Fletcher had come there that afternoon to open the Hall for them.

Bouquets \vere handed to Mrs. Fletcher and Lady Lewis, both oE whom thanked the donors.

Prior to the opening of the Hall, Sir Herbert Lewis presented Sub-Commissioner Lemuel Jones with the I nsign ia of an Officer of the Order of St. John, remarki ng that he knew of no one who was more entitled to receive it. His services to the cause in Port Talbot and district had been of incalculable value. Sub-Commissioner Lemuel J ones returned thanks.

Addresses were also given by Captain \i\T H. \,villiams, Alderman \i\Tilliam Jenkins, l\1.P., 1\lr. W. G. Cove, l\1.P., and Dr. R. T. \Villiams, after which Mrs. Flelcher opened lhe Hall, wishing lbe Sl. John Am bulance movement a long life of useful activity in the district.

Awards were presented by Mrs. Fletcher ami Lady Lewis to mem bers of the Nursing and Cade t Divisions.

MOJ-\TIILY AT CARDIFF.

The Right Hon. Thomas Richards, P.e. (Honorary Director of Am bulance), presided at the meetings of the Executive and Ambulanc e Committees in the Priory Room, Law Courts, Cardiff, on M'onday, January 26th

Mr. Frederick Robert Hortop of Barry wa s appointed Sub-Commissioner of the Cardiff Centre; Christopher Armstrong, M.B., Corps Surgeon, Neath Corps; J oh n Lewis Harold, Corps Secretary, South Wales Border Corps, Abergavenny; Thomas Blaney, L.R.C.P., Surgeon, Crynant Division and Alfred John Beckett, M.B., Surgeon, Kidwell y Division.

Sanction was given for New Divisions at Abercrave and Usk; a Nursing Division at Bryn and a Cadet Nursing Division at Merthyr.

It was decided to apply for a Service Bar for CaptainSamuel Beard, O.B. E., Sub-Commissioner, Monmouthshire Centre, who was congratulated on

February, 1929. FIR S T

the completion of thirty years' excellent service in the Bri gade

A Vote of Thanks was accorded to Lady Aberdare for the gift of a Cup to the Aberdare Centre, of which her son, the I-Ion. J. H. Bruce, is President. It is hoped the trophy will be competed for by Girl Cadets in Wales and Monmouthshire at the Flower Show at Aberdare in August next.

The Committee agreed lo the national ambulance trophies being competed for at the Royal National Eisteddfod at Llanelly in August 1930, and werc pleased the Executive Committee had appointed the Commissioner forWales its Honorary Director of Ambulance.

The Ambulance Halls and 1\Iedical ComEorts Depots throughout Wales arc to be available in connection with the Coalfield Distrcss Fund. The Halls will be used as Depots for the collection of clothing for which the mem bers of Nursing Divisions will be responsible and working parties are being held for the making of garments. The Com Eorts Depots are being kept open so that medical requisites may be obtained in any home in which there is sickness.

Arrangements were made for the annual meetincr of Chaj:ter, to be held in lhe Council Chamber, Hall, on Friday, March 1st, at the Prior, the Lord Kylsant, wIll preSIde and the Lord Mayor of Cardiff, Alderman \lv. R. \Villiams, has promised to accord an official welcome to the delegates from all parts of \Vales attending Grand Committee in the afternoon.

OF LIFE SA"l:\'G A '.YARDS.

Two Blaengarw miner heroes were honoured at a public meeting held at the Ambulance Hall, Pontycymmer, on the 30th January. Mr. \"Al. Dryburgh, M.E., presided, supported by Sir Herbert and Lady Lewis, Alderman the Rev. \V. Saunders, l\h. and 1'1rs. H. II. Johnson, Mrs. Dryburo-h the Rev. D. \V. Smith, 1\1r. \V. J. (H. 1\1. Divisional Inspector of :\Iines), l\1r. VV. J. Owen and Mr. J. R. Bowen (H. 1\I. Inspectors of ITines, Briclgend), Dr. \ lV . Edmund Thomas, O.B.E., Major A. 'lV. Anderson, 1\1r. B. Davies, Mr. T. Gibbs, and Mr. Ferguson.

Sir Herbert D. Vv. Lewis, K.B.E., presented the Certificates of Honou r awarded by the ChapterGeneral of the Order of St. John, on the recommendation of the Priory, to rr. Harry Parry and 1\1r. Thomas Ford, who risked their lives in rescuing Daniel Syphus from a fall of at .the Blaenganv Colliery on July 26th. He paid hIgh tribute to the heroism displayed and thanked the Colliery Manager, Mr. Martin ,Price, for bringing the case to the notice of the PrIory. . Certificates and ch ques of ten pounds, awarded by the Carnegie Hero Trust Fund, were handed to the men by r. W. J. Charlton and Mr. Martin Price.

AlD.

cluding musical items, and speeches by Mr. Vv. Gregory (Cardiff), NIr. A. Pugh (Pontycymmer), Mr. W. Dryburgh, Dr. Edmund Thomas, Mr. W. Gooding, the Rev. D. Smith, and :\1r. Johnson.

OPE:-..'

The annual open ambulance competition for the "Ince" cballenge shield, organised by the Abertillery Division, will be held on Easter 10nday, April 1st. P4rticulars may be obtained from the Secretary, Ambulance Officer A O. Gibbs, 1! Victoria-street, Blaenan Gwen t, Abertillery

Open ambulance competitions, organised by the Pontypool District Corps, will be held on Easter Tuesday, April 2nd. The programme includes a contest for teams of five men for a sih er shield and prizes for the first three teams the "Hanbury" silver bowl and prizes for teams of nurses; the "Glansychan" cup and "Clarence" cup for teams of boy and girl cadets. Entries must reach the Competition Secretary, 1\1r. Iyor Gregory, Myrtle Dene, Freehold Land, Pontnewynydd, Mon., not later than l\larch 20th.

Open competitions for teams of men and boys are being arranged in connection with the British Legion Chair Eisteddfod, at Porth, on Saturday, April 6th. Full particulars may be obtained from the Organising Secretary, 1\1r. R. H. IIobbs, +6, Aber Rhondda-road, Porth, Rhondda. .-.

Ambulance Class.

Our ::tmbulance class has just L et us roll up one by one

To t ry ancllearn what w e should kllo\Y our h e lp is needed so

In U:e mine or in the street, You n e\'e r kn ow what you may meet, For your help might \Yell be \\ 'anted .-\.s along the street you sauntered

Let u s learn what \\-e should do In case of fractures, and h ccmorrhage too; ,\nd the usc of splint and iodine, \Yh ether we be in street or mine, Also the , arioLls poisons there are, Or burns caused by fire or tar.

vVbat to do when people are drowning, \nd always \York c heerfully instead of frowning.

\Yhen people are fainting and arc bad, How to mak e them \\' el l an d glad.

---

----.--,

Certillcales and badges gained by tIl(' w omen an d men of the R e dcar Red eros Society \\" ere presented in tbe Gordon Cafe, by i\lrs, 'Yo od llOuse, \\-lfe of the \ .lcnr of KirkleathaJ11. Certrl1cales for home nul' ing- ,,,ere r ecel\-ed by 38 ,,-o men and 22 111 e n. Th e and ]\J ayo re ss of Redcal', Aid ri11<1.n and l\lrs, " ". M etca lf, atte nd ed, an d Dr. ,\. S. Robinson presicI e d.

R at lway A m bu lance News.

Great We s te rn .

The G.W.R. Ambulance Centre achieved • new record for the year 1Y28, when the number of successful first-aid exammees reached 7,426, which is an increase of 1,087 (or 17.3 per cent.) over the figure for 1927, and 236 (or 3.3 per cent.) better than the previous highest number in the year 1925. The accompanying statement gives the progress of the movement dunng the post-war decade.

NUMBER OF FIRST AID AWARDS GAINED IN EXAMINATION BY iEMBERS OF THE STAFF FROM 1)119 TO 1928 LNCLUSIVE.

Medallion

Year. Certificate Voucher Medallion Labels Total. (1st year). (2nd year). (3rd year). Ke-examll1ation.

During the year 18 quarter century medals, 57 gold bars (20 years' efficiency), and 152 gold medals (15 years' efficiency) have been awarded. The total number of these awards granted since their institution is as follows :-

IS-year gold medals

20-year gold bars

2S-year medals

837

273

70

Many reports were received during 1928 of first-aid rendered by Great Western Railway employees. In numerous cases these were supported by medical testimony as to the effiCIency of the treatment rendered, thus furnlshmg proof of the value to the community in general of the first-aid knowledge acquired at G.W.R. classes. The reports include the treatment of cases both on and off duty, many of which were in road accidents. After adjudication by the company's chief medical officer, the annual award of medals and certificates for the most meritorious cases will be announced.

For the .first time since the inauguration of the diviSIOnal (1913) the movement has lost by death of ItS d1v1slOnal secretaries, Mr. J. H. Batt, of Readmg, who for eight years filled the position of Divisional Secretary for the London B (No.2) Division, was among the most ardent and whole-hearted workers in the ambulance movement. His devotion and self-sacrifice to a cause for the benefit of his fellows cannot fail to be an example and inspiration to others.

Feb ruar y, 1929 .

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EDITORIALSOur Message

O ur Request

Free the Hospitals

Rail way Safety

Employer-Opinion on Sun-Ray Treatment

Employers and the 'Flu Epidemic National Police Ambulance Competition

H. M. The King's Removal to Bognor " First Aid to the Injured"

Adjustable Angular Splint

BRIGADE DISTRICT REPORTS

No.1 (Prince of Wales)

No.2; No.3 No.4; No.6

A 1 n 211

Agent, on behalf of the members of the class, presented Dr. R. B. Duncan with a very handsome silver cigarette case as a token of gratitude and esteem for his kindness in giving up his time to teach them first-aid work.

Mr Betteridge expressed his gratitude to Dr. Duncan, who, in reply , stated how pleased he was with the handsome testimony of their affection. He hoped that the members of the class would be successful in the competitions which were shortly to be held, a success which certainly could not be denied them if they all pulled together, as they were doing and made up their minds to brin g home one of the trophies to Nine Elms.

Mr. Betteridge pointed out that it was only by close attention and hard work that success could be assured, and he hoped that every member of the class would do his level best to show their further appreciation of Dr. Duncan's kindness.

A pleasing feature of the year's work was the increase m [he nwnber of first-year candIdates, 1,574 havmg passed for the certIficate award as compared with /11 m lY27, an mcrease of 119.5 per cent. A special effort was made by the issue of folders and posters to enrol the younger employees in the ambulance ranks, and the campaIgn received impetus from rivalry engendered between the various divisions for possession of the " Athlone" bowl, the gift of H.E. the Earl of Athlone, whlch IS award.ed annually to the division showing the highest proportIOn of certificates to total examination awards. For the year 1928 the trophy has been won by the London A (No.1) Division, with 159 certificates out of a total of 408 successful examinees, a percentage of 38.0.

The usual series of competitions was held in the sPTmg of the year, when 283 teams participated. The Directors' Challenge Shield was won by the Swindon team; the Newport, Dock Street, as runners-up, beingawarded the "Carvell" Cup.

The er Henry Butt" Challenge Bowl was awarded to the orcester (Goods te?-m for securing the hIghest number of marks m the begmners' section in the 1928 competitions.

to custom, the teams obtaining highest pOSItIOns m the final competitIOn (Swindon and N ewport, pock Street) represented the Great Western Railway m the competition held in London for the InterChalleng-e Shield of the St. John Ambulance ASS?ClatIOn, when the Newport Dock Street team again fi attamed second place, the Swindon team being placed £th.

er In the inter-railway competition for the Harry Webb Cup, which was held at Cardiff two Pontypo<;>l. Road Advanced and Pontypool 'Road egmne,rs, The advanced team was successful m wmnmg- the trophy whilst the b' , obtained second position.' egmners team

The movement continues to receive valuable help and support from members of the medical profession, who act l.ecturers, and competition judges. The centre tortunate 111 the number of medical men who are willmg to do so much for the classes, etc., organised by th e company.

The excellent. results achieved during the year furI11sh testimony to the organising abilities and mtere.st and hard work on the part of th e dlv1SIOnal secretanes, committeemen, class secretaries instructors and others, without whose voluntary the movement could not be sustained.

As we go to press the preliminary (divisional) of the G.W.R. comprehensive series of competition s IS m course <?f .p.rogress throughout each of the seventeen ambulance diVISIons of the railway.

T.he 1929 entry is easily a record one-328 teams. ThiS 1S. more than 50 per cent. in excess of the averaae entry smce these were resumed after the war.1:>

The entry thIS year includes four teams of wome n empl?yees, performances will be watched with mtere.st in view of the high position obtaine d h) a ladles m last year's contests

1 The semi-final competitions will probably take plac e March 12th and 19th, and be held at thre e 01 centres for convel11ence.

It IS understood that Lieut -Col F A B k 1 D R C R b roo es an e r. onon 0 ertson Will again be the adjudicators.

Southern.

1 lheGcompetition for the handsome trophy presente d Jy t e eneral Manager for competition between team s °M f fem h al 2 e employees will be held at Portsmouth on Friday arc 2nd.

The final competition fO r deciding the two teams to represent t h e South ern R aI lway i n t h e Inte r - R ailway

Competition, will be held at the Cannot Street Hotel on Fnday, April 19th.

This competItion will be held in public, and, accommodation is limited, members of the staff desInng to attend should communicate with the Centre Secretary in good time .

The judges for this competition will be: Major Orton, Coventry; Dr. A . White Knox, Denmark Hill; Dr. F. W. Morton Palmer, Teignmouth.

The Inter-Railway Final Competition will be held at the Northampton Polytechnic Institute, St. John Street, Clerkenwell, on May 31st. Stations within a convenient distance of this hall are Holborn Viaduct (Southern Railway), the Angel (City & South London Railway), and Farringdon Street (District and Metropolitan Railway).

NINE ELMS.-A very interestin a incident occurred at the Brunswick Institute, Vauxhall on January 8th (on the occasion of the first lecture of the new session of the Nine E lms Ambu l ance Class), when Mr. Betteridge, Goods

Members of the Southampton Docks (1'\0. 9) Distrist, Ra1lway Ambulance Centre, and their fnends, spent a partICularly enjoyabl e time at the Bungalow Cafe, Above Bar, on Saturday, F ebruary 3rd. Followl11g the loyal toast, that of The lhrectors and Officers o£ the Southern Railway Company" was submitted by Mr. F. E. Wentworth-Sheilds, who referred to the keen interest taken by those gentl emen in the ambulance movement, and in anything that was for the benefit of the employees of the company. According to cynics, a man was not going to bother himself with such a thing as ambulance, but in his leisure time wanted to enjoy himself, and at what he pleased. He (the speak e r) did not believe a word of that. He was certain that every man enjoyed his leisure time far more if he spent a good proportion of it in helping others. In his opinion, the ambulance movement should appeal to everybody; to all railwaymen in particular. He was glad to learn that last year 68 men at the Docks qualified themselyes in ambulancc work and that the present membership in the local Centre's class was 102. That was a very g ood adYance, but considering the thousands of m en who were employed at the Docks a great many more sho uld be inside the movement.

In coupling his name with the toast, Mr. \Ven t\vor t hSheilds recalled that during the war Mr. " Commission er If Richards took charge of the whole of the ambulance arrangements on the South-Eastern and Chatham Railway, and that on that system alone 73,000 cases were dealt with by railway ambulance men during those eventful years.

In his reply 1\1r. Richards said the directors and officers of the company were fully alive to the need for progress, and were working with a united effort towards bringing the Southern Railway to the premier position of all the railways in the Kingdom. Considerable success had already attended their efforts, in which they had received every co-operation from members of the staff, of all grades. They had the greatest confidence in the work that was being carried out by those who were interested in ambulance work, were fully aware of the value of that work, and gave every possible assistance in encourag-ingit. The General Manager (Sir Herbert Walker) recentl y presented a very handsome trophy for competition by th e lady members of the company's staff. (Applause.) Since 1925 the number of qualified ambulance men on th e Southern Railway had increased by 50 per cent., and ther e was every indication that this year would see another considerable advance in the number of men passing the examinations. The value of a knowledge of first aid was becoming more 'widely known among'st the various sections of the community, and he believed the time was when men would regard it as a responsibilitv to qualify themselves to render necessary assistance in the event of an accident or illness.

London, Midland and Scottish.

CllEsTER.-The Chester General Station team CL.1\l.S. and C. \Y. j oint) again distinguished themselves by W111nilw in the tace 01 keen competition fr0111 all oyer the the Carstairs Jones Challenge Cup Competition for the best team of four, held at the Town Hall on December 22nd last.

Great credit is due to the men {or the hard work they must have done to qualify

n\l{\\,EK. - vVarm tributes to Dr. Willett for his work 111 conllection with the Dar\\'cn Railway Ambulance class were paid ",hen the presentation of awards to members of the class were made at the Ambulai1Ce Hall recently.

Mr. E. H. Garner, stationmaster aL Spring Vale, presided and said the Darwen class had been in existence since 1908, and during the whole of that time they had had the yoluntary services of Dr. vVillett.

In presenting the awards to thc membcrs of the class and the " Darwen Jubilee Ambulance Shield)" presented by Alderman Cocker and won by the Dar\\'en o 1 team, 1\1r. I-I. E. Roberts, assistant district goods manager, said it was always a pleasure to come to Danven and do " ' hat little he could to assist thcm in the ambulance vI ' ork.

GLASGOW CEKTR,\L.-This class commenced in October, 1928) with SO ncw students and 20 second-year students and a good perccntage of old membcrs, Dr. Wilfred H. Scort again bcing the lecturer.

The annual examination was held 011 December 23rd, when 31 first-year students and 20 second-year students came forward for examination. Only one student failed to pass the test.

Th e annual class competition was held on January 6th, 1929. The handsome shield subscribed for by members of th e class for annual competition, also the president's prize presented by 1\1r. IN. 11urray) which is awarded to the shield winner, was won by James Thomson. Second -year winners were (lst) S. Hampton and (2nd) A Colquhoun, first-year ,yinners being Messrs. H. Sykes, G. Blyth, and D. lVlcEachen.

HELLlFIELD BRAXCII LINE.-On January 3rd the local individual ambulance competition was held at Clitheroe by staff attending classes on the Hellifield line for prizes again kindly provided by Dr. C. de L. Shortt.

Dr.\Villett, of Dan-ven, judged the competition, which was dlvlded l11to two sections) i.e.) (1) first and second year, and (2) other subsequent year men. A large number of comp eted, and the following were successfu l :

, Fnst and second year students-(1) T. Seed, (2) J. DLxon, (3) S. vVilson,

Third and subsequent year students-(1) S. Ryder, (2) H. Limbert, (3) J. Chatburt1.

, TR vDTE,-One of the most sllccessful classes held at In'1I1 e has lately concluded) over 60 members attendil1<Y the examination.

The lecturer, secretary and committee of the class are to be congratulated on the excellent result of their efforts.

NEWTON HE.\TTT.-Mr. Abraham Sumner, of the Carnage Wae:on Departmen.t) Heath. recently passed hIS 40th annual exam1l1atlOn 111 first aiel.

Tl: re.cognition of his sen' ices in the instruction and of classes he was invcsted with the insi!!niCl of Servl11g Brother and the Order of St. John in 19 10.

We congratulate Mr: Sumner on 11is exceptiona l record of ambulance serVlce, and hope that his example

A I D. F ebruar y , 19 29.

will be an encouragement to others to follow on the same path.

SOuTIIPoln.-The annual presentation of awards took place recently at St. john Hal l. Alderman J. E. Willett, D L.) J .P ) Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem (Chanman of the Southport Division), presided, and among others presenl were the Mayor of Miss Willett (La(ly of Grace of the Order), Divisional Supt. 'vV. Parkmson, 1\I.B E., and a number of olher officers and company's ofilcials.

The awards) which were distributed by the Mayor, were as follows: 18 firsl-aiel certificates) 8 vouchers, 6 medallions, and 28 labels.

Alderman vVillett, in calling 011 the Mayor to mak e the presentations, said he personally was yery pleas ed to be at that interesting little gathering and yery gl a d to see so many amhulance men there, belonging, most o f them, he believed, to the railway centre and a great man} of them also belonging to the Southport Brigade.

In addressing the gathering, the Mayor said it w as a great pleasure to him to be again associated with th e work carried on in St. John Hall. He knew what a tr emendous amount or yoluntary work was done there, and he was sure that they wcre worthily continuing the tr adition of the town in connection with ambulance work. It was pleasing to see many recipicnts of the award s were members of the L.i\I.S.

11r. Royle. proposing a \ ote of thanks to the May or , said first-aid \\ as ell1erg cncy work, and one never kne w when one was going to be call ed upon t o apply th e knowledge gained in theory or at the practice class es. Fortunately, so far as railways were concerned, they wer e given 'Tery little practical experience, because of th e small number of seriolls railway accidents that happcn ed 1I1 this country.

WATFORD.-Three L.1\1.S. railway amhulance team s arc to be congratulated on their recent achieyemen t s.

The Watforcl (J 1 and 2 teams and the St. Alban s class team took first second and thi rei placcs respectiv cly in the seventh annual competition promotecl hy the \V atfort St. John Brigade,

WILNECOTE.- The annual supper of the Wilnec ote Division of the St. Tohn Ambulance Brigade, wllich to ok place.on November 21st, was a gTeat success. Tn givin g the 11lnth annual report Divisional Supt. G, Parker r eferred to the progress made hv the Division, and hop ed that the membership would 11(' inCf(,flsed. He laid str c<;s on the point that all cases should he ree:istcrec1 in th e occurrence hook for it was to the credit of the Diyisi on to show what it hael clone

London and North Eastern.

Detailed Marking Sheet, No. II.

INDIVlDU.\L TESTS

BE \I{ER No i. - This man, while playing tennis, slipp d and fell to the ground. He is complainini:;' of great pain in his right elbow. You are on your way to do a Public Duty and are fuJI}' cquipped. Act.

Prom pt ad vance; consol ing words 2

Placc patient in comfortable position 2

:\sk if any visiblc hccmonhage (.Yo) 2

i\SI-:: if a doctor is liying Ileal' (J Tes) 1

Examine right elbo\\' for deformity (Marked) 1

S\\'elling () Tes) ; irregubrity (ll f uclz 100 swollen) 1 other injuries (.Vone) ,. 2

Do not expose elbo\\'; make angular splint 2

Armpit to beyond elba\\' ; beyond elbow to finger tips 2

Ask which side is most injured (Outsz'de) 2

Support limb and apply splint on inner side 2

Bandages round arm, fore-arm and hand... 1

Apply large arm. sling; cover warmly 2

RemO\ e to doctor in colleag ue's car 2

Total 2+

BEARER No. 2. - This boy \Vas cycling down a country lane when hi cycle slipped and he 'was thrown heavily on to his right hand. You are passing and know that the nearest doctor li\' es half a mile away. You haye full equipment.

[\ct.

Place patient comfortable in sitting position 2

Encouraging words; cover warmly 1

Examinc wrist for cause of pain ( f+''oI'se on 1Il0'vemenl) 1

Swelling (Jfarked abo'vc wn'st) ; loss of power (res)... 2

Irregularity and deformity pIa! ked, 107.uer elld 0./ radius) 1

D ecide treat for Impacted Fracture of Radius 2

Bend fore-arm at right angles to arm 1

Keep thumb upwards, palm to,Yards body 1

\pply padded splints on inner and outer sides J

From elbow to fingers

Bflndage abo\'c and below fracture and round hand

,Apply large am1 sling; co\ er warmly

Treatment of black eyeApply lint soaked in spirit and water (1--4), or 2

Cold water dressing's 1 i\sk if signs of shock (J.fodaa/e degree) 2

..1 sk if cycle intact (res) 2

Seat boy on cycle and remo"c to doctor 2

Total 26

BEARER No. 3.-You are ju about to leave the office one cvcning \yhen one of your colleagucs walks up to you <l.nd says that he fell downstairs at midday and that he has ever since suffered from a sharp pain in the right side. You ha\ e full equipment in the of1lce. Act.

A I D. 213

BEARER O. -+. - You are walking along the footpath of a :Iver when you come across some men who have pulled thiS boy oul of the water. They know nothin u about First Aid. YOll at once notice that boy is not Act. See that breathing is possible by clearing air passages 1 lJ ndo cloth ing at neck, chest, and \\'aist ." 1

Top button of trou er ; remo\'e braces 2

Lay boy in prone position, head to side , .,' 2 Nose and mouth away from ground, arm::; abo\ c heflci 2

Kneel at Icyel of pcl\ is or astride patient., , 1

Hands on lowest ribs, thumbs parallel, 2 in, apart 2 .\r1115 quilc straighl, lean fOr\\'ard ,., 2

Slowly apply firm, not violent, pressure downwards 2

This mo\ ement to occupy 3 seconds 1

Draw back hody rapidly; relax pressure... 1

Lean! hand::; in position; this mO\ emcnt- 2 seconds 2 .\Iternate movements l\\"eh'e time a minute 1

Perseyere with sy tematic mO\'emenls 2

Arrange remo\'al of boy by ambulance 2

Total 2+

BE ,\RER No. S.-Thi::; lllan was cleanin u a windo\\' when he slipped and fell on to some spike , of \\'hich pierced his right arm-pit. \\'hen you arri\ c the man lying' on pa\'ement and is bleeding profusel\' from the armpit. You haye no equipment. Act. -

Ask if reason suspect arterial bleeding () res) 2

1£ glass of window bl-oken (.Yo) 2

Immediately bare neck and upper part of chest 2

Depres shoulder; compress arm against body 2

Incline he.ld toward injured side 2

Take up position oppo ite to shoulder 2

G rasp neck lo\\' down with left hand 2

Thumb abO\ e centre of collar bone 2

Keeping fingers behind houlder 1

Press thuJ1l b downwards and backwards on first ri b , 3

Wid, fingers of right hand test if pulo.;e absent 2

Promptly send bystander to phone ambulance 2

;-\sk I' ople not to crowd round man; coycr \\"armly 2 Keep up pressure till ambulance arri\'es , 2 Re v iews.

THE HYGIENE OF INFANCY. By S. T. Begg , M.D., D.P.H., l\l.O.H. London: John Bale, Sons & Danielson, Ltd., 83-91, Great Titchfield- treet, 'V.1. Pn'ce IS. net " post free IS. 2d.

,..,

LEEDs.-Mr. H. Crowther, District Supt's Offi ce , L.N.E R. (G.N. Section), who retired from the seni ce on 7th) 1928, was presented with a portahk typcwrlter by the mClll hers of the St. J oh11 Ambulan cl' Association in the West Riding District 0 f Yorkshir e Mr. Crowther has heen the district amhulance secreta ry for a considerable number of years, and during' that tim e the work has gone forward with great zeal. Mr. Graci e District Superintendent, made the presentation at a smoking concert which was held at the Golden Lion Hot el. Leeds, on January 11th.

Col. E. C. Atkins, at the annual meeting, prcl>ented to the H inckley branch of the St. J ohn Ambu lance Association (of ""h ich he is the president) a handsome so l id sih er chall enge bowl for compeL it io n i n ambu lance \-vo rk a nd open to the co u nty of Leicestel-.

Quickly alTer assislance ; consoling words

Ask sitc of pain (L07.ocr part chest Oil riglzl side)

\sk if hc has coughed up an)' b lood (.Yo)

If any evidence of internal hccmorrhage ( l \ TO)

If pain is worse 011 taking a deep breath (res)

Place colleague in comfortable position

Remove coat, vest, and braces, etc.

Exan"line for deformity; irregularity (Plot l71arl., od)

Treat tor Simple Fracture of Ribs

Apply two broad bandages round chest firmly

First just abovc, second just bclow Fracture

Lower bandage o\'erlap the upper to half its extent

Knots tied towards front on opposite side

Support arm on injured side in large sling

l\rrange take co lleague to doctor; cO\'er \\'armly

Tola l 2+

This little book form a questionnaire for the use of Health Visitors, School 1 urses, Teachers, Social ,Vorkers and l\lothers. vVc think the best recommendation ,ve can give is to quote the introduction by Prof. A. Bostock Hill, l\LD., "1.Sc., D.P.H., Chairman of Council, Royal Sanitary In titute, \\'ho ays: -

"This little book drawn up by Dr. S. T. Beggs for the use of Health Visitors, Teachers, Social \\Torkers and l\lothers is, in Ill)' opinion, of considerable , alue, For the most part it is in the form of question and ans,, er, as being thc form most likel\' to attract and hold man\, classes of people, to \\'ho111 textbooks are taboo. The deals ",ilh l\laternity and Child \Vclfare, the Expectant l\lother, the General of Baby, Fre h Air and Sunshine, 111fection, Flies and Disease, and many other ubjects. He l11anao-es to COl1\ cr a large amount of information in reference personal a\'oids sensaLionali m, and in a small com pass a rrorcls iI1structiol1 on just those matters of which the ordinary per on in the past has learnt so little. I hail its ad\'ent as heing a means of sprcadisg the good tidings of .' ami aiding propaganda on mallY important subject

How the United States Bur eau o f Min es Conducts Its National or Intern at ional First .. Aid Con tests. *

By· J. J. FORBES, S7Ijelvist"ng- E1lgineel, Section, Sajely D.z'vz"sz·on.

( Contz"nued fr017t page 185.)

THE rules governing the contest are formulated by Bureau of l\lines officials. The" Manual of FirstAid Instruction for Miners," published by the Bureau of Mines in 1921, is the standard used in judging the work of the participants. A typical set of rules follows:

GENERAL RULES.

1. The first-aid contest will be at Columbia Gardens, Butte, Mont., on August 20 and 21, 1928.

AID. February, 1929.

organisation and shall be employed in or about a mine, quarry, mill, smelter, or oil plant in the local district covered by the membership of the tion.

5. Each team entering the first-aid contes t will be given a number to determine its order of performance and field location Such numbers will be assigned by lot and given to the teams a s they register.

6. Entry shall be submitted in writing or b y wire to the Pittsburgh, Pa., office of the Bureau of Mines on or before August 5, 1928. On or prior to this date the name of each captain of eac h contesting team must be submitted. Substitutes will, however, be allowed after August 5, if necessary, by proper statement in writing. N o entries will be received after August 5, 1928.

7. Registration of teams will be conducted a t the Butte Chamber of Commerce, 62, West way, Butte, Mont., between the hours of 9.0 a.m and 5.0 p.m., on August 19, 1928. Team registratio n will be continued at Columbia Gardens, Butte, Mont. , beginning at 8.0 a.m. o n August 20, until the beginning of the respective contests on that date. Members of the teams, other tha n captains, will not be r equired to register.

8. Subject to possibl e later revision, the first-ai d contests will be held b etween 1.0 p.m. and 5.0 p.m . on Monday and Tuesda y, August 20 and 21, 1928.

9. Any team not o n hand and ready when th e first event for which it is FIrst AId Team plaCing patient on improvised stretcher, U.S.A. entered is announced, will b e

2. There will be no limitations as to the number of admitted to the contest from any one State, dIstnct, company, or organisation.

3. The members of all teams must be bona fide employees of the mine mines, quarry or quarries, smelter or smelters, mIll or mills, or petroleum refinery or other branch of the petroleum industry by the team, may be any underground, or surface workers III or about the mine, smelter, metallurgical plant, or operatlOn, excepting that no physician or trallled nurse may be a member of a first-aid team.

4. organisation, union, club, or local benefit SOCIety may enter a team. The members of such team shall be actual mem bers of the said

disqualified from contesting . 10. Info:mation regarding cups and prize s wIll be found tn the programme of the meet whic h will be given to the teams when they register.

11. The teams winning prizes will be officially announced during the evening of August 22 by a person or persons designated for the purpose.

1.2. Following the awarding of prizes th e capta1l1 of each team will be furnished with hi s team rating

13. All rules relating to the contests will b e rigidly enforced.

RULES GOVERNING FIRST- AID CONTEST.

1.. A team will be composed of six men , 1l1elud1l1g a captain and a patient.

2. Full team events only will be used.

3. Each team will perform the same n um ber of problems, which will be three or more in

February, 1929. FIRST

number. This, of course, does not prevent the running off of ties between the individual teams concerned, but the points made in events performed to decide a tie sha1l not be included in the total points in the Nhole contest.

4. All problems will be worked in marked-off spaces which shall contain only the judges and the contesting teams.

5. The teams will be numbered consecutively, beginning with No.1, and they must occupy the positions assigned them on the field.

6. At the conclusion of any event, the captain must raise his right hand and announce his team number. The team will remain at its post until relieved by the judges.

7. All teams not performing a problem will be pl aced in a location where they are unable to obtain i nf ormation regarding the problem being worked. N o persons excepting designated officials will be all owed to communicate with the tea ms waiting to perform problems or wh ile working problems. Teams which have performed will not be permi tted to com municate with teams wa iting their turn.

8. Problems will be kept in sealed env elopes and given to teams after the y enter marked-off enclosures, enve lopes to be opened only on sound of g ong.

9. No practicing will be allowed on the field before the beginning of the contest.

10. Maten'al:-

(a) Teams must bring their own fir st-aid material, including bandages, sp lints, blankets, etc.

(b) Only first-aid material as ou tlined in the Bureau of Mines " Manual of First-Aid Instruction for M iners" shall be used in the contest. N o roller bandages shall be used.

(c) Splints shall not bepadded or m arked prior to the beginning of any event req uiring their use. It will not be a violation of this rule for a team to have on hand padding of suita ble dimensions.

(d) A team or team member shall not be allowed to leave the patient in order to obtain material while performing a problem.

11. Tz"mz"ng: -

(a) Three minutes will be allowed for reading the problem and assembling first-aid material. This will be indicated by sounding a gong. .

(b) At the sounding of the first gong the patient will take his place on the mat.

(c) Unless otherwise specified in the problem the patient will lie on his back, with his head toward the team.

A I D. 215

(d) A second gong will be sounded to indicate the time of starting of the problem.

(e) A third gong will be sounded when the time for working the problem is up.

(f) Time consumed in excess of that allowed for the problem will be indicated by a gong at oneminute intervals, until all teams have completed the problem.

(g) In any given event, time will not be taken into consideration unless the team performing exceeds the allotted time, or fails to g ive treatment promptly.

(h) Teams will be allowed a defini t e period for removing banda g es and lea v ing fi e ldapproximately two minutes.

12. judgz'ng:-

(a) Each team as it performs a problem will be rated by a judge, who will mark the score ca rd.

....

First Aid Team workin g probl ems, U.S.A.

(b) The same number of teams as there are judges will perform at one time.

(c) Judges will receive a score card and a copy of the problem, together with an outline of correct method of working the problem accordll1g to the Bureau of l\Iines "Manual of First-Aid Instruction for Miners."

(d) Judges should not askquestions or interfere in any way with a team while it is working the problem. (To be continued.)

In the preliminary round of the St. competition for the John Graham troph y, WhIC!1 wa deC!? ed at South Shi eld s on Saturd ay , Tyn e Dock \YIth 256 POI? ts came out top and thus qualified for th e round. .G nsuccessful competitors were South Shield s PolIce, 250 P01l1ts; St. Hilda Colliery, 234; Sunderland East End, 218 ; Felling" B," 217; Felling" A," 202,

R ed C r oss Bra n ch News.

BUCKS BR.lxcll.-At the meeting of the Bucks Joint Cummittee of the Order of St. JOh11 and British Red Cross Society held at Aylesbury on the 31st December last it was decided that the annual joint flag day" appeal should be made throughout the county on Saturday, May -Hh, 1929.

At this meeting ).1r. VV. Scott-Evans and 1\1rs. Darvil- mith were re-appointed hon. ecretaries, and 1\1r. C. Headington hon. t reasurer, for the appeal.

The proceeds of this appeal will be de\'oted entirely to the work of the Order and Society \\"ithin the County of Buckingham.

During the past year first aiel has been rendered to the sick and injured by the trained personnel, over 2,000 cases being treated. 1,-1-65 cases (-1-05 accident and 1,060 sick patients) were conveyed in the motor ambulances, the total mileage being 26,205 miles. The number of cases has more than doubled during the past two years. 266 cases were conveyed free of charge and a large number at a reduced rate. Five of the old" Ford" ambulances have been replaced by new and up-to-date vehicles. Twenty - six first aid posts ha\ e been maintained during the summer months on the main roads, especially during periods when traffic was heaviest. Fifteen roadside first aid cabinets, fully equipped, haye also been established. The expenditure incurred by the County J oint Committee on the motor ambulance and road service alone absorbed more than half the net proceeds of the last appeal.

The County Joint Committee continues to grant assistance, through the Emergency Help Fund, to approyed cases of sick and disabled ex-Service men and t heir dependants not eligihle for assistance from other fund

Increased demands han: been made upon the persOllnel for road and other accidents. Members of the nursing units have also rendered valuable assistance at hospitals, clinics, and other institutions, many acting as assistants to the district nurses.

The trained personnel of the County exceeds 500. The officers and members maintained their efficiency by regular attendances at practices and by annual reexamination and inspection. They all g-iye their services entirely without payor reward.

The net proceed from the last annual appeal amounted to £942, and it is estimated that £1200 will he required to meet the needs of the Order and Society for the maintenancc and development of their work during- the year ending December 31st next.

CAr-rBs. AXD TTlE ISLE OF ELY BR \:\TCII.-The activities of the Red Cross Soci e ty in Cam hriclgeshi re were reported to the Grand C01..111cil for the County of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely at the quarterly meetine: on Friday. held at the Guildhall. There were present Mrs. Adeane (president), Ma ior-General Hendley, M.D. (County Contrc:ller of V.A.D. work), Mrs. Buckland, Miss J enyns. M1SS E. Tenyns, Miss Bishop, Lady St. Davids. Miss Gaskell, Mr. L Jarman. Mrs. Clay, Miss Nichols, and Mrs. Ryg-ate (hon. secretary).

The President paid a trihute to the c1eyotecl v,rork of Mrs. Gaskell. a member of the Grand Counc-il and the foundress of massage \\'"ork in the county. Mrs. Ade::lne said it would he present in the minds 'of all that thev were hnlding' their fi1'st Grancl Counc-il since the cleath of Mrs. Gaskell, who die! so much for Red Cross and health work.

The County Director, the Rev. C. F. Townley, was unable to be present. IIis report stated that the balance at thc bank was £80 17s. 3d. The payments included £8-+ 15s. 7d. for repairs to the Fiat ambulancc, which was now in cxcellent condition, and grants to the various divisions for massage work amounting to £76 5s., and £20 to the Red Cross Home Service Ambulance Committee, the sum being' earmarked as a sinking fund belonging to this branch towards thc cost of a new ambulance in sc\'en or eight year time.

The 1\1a sage Sub-Committee reported that fifteen parishes in the Arrington divisions were willing to adopt the scheme. In Cambridge Borough during the last quarter twelve patients were treated and 18-+ treatments were given. In the Histon division the number of patients was fifteen and of treatments 225. Ely district had eighteen patients, and these received 270 treatments. l\liss Gaskell called attention to the fact that at the moment the Shelford division was without a masseu e.

At a meeting of thc sub-committee that received the reports of divisional secretaries and commandants it was stated the hygiene and sanitation lectures at Cambridge were attended hy seventeen memhers; fifteen took the examination and- all passed. The first aid lectures were attended by forty-one members, and forty passed the examination. Home nursing and invalid cookery lectures had been arranged In the Caxton division first aiel classes ha \,e been held at Bourn, Elsworth, and Longstowe. Six candidates sat for the examination at BOllrn anel all passed Ely has held home llttrsin ,e: lectures, and eighteen o£ the nineteen candidates passed. Linton had held first aiel lectures at Linton . and lectures had been arrang'ec1 for \Vhittlesford. Shuc1y Camps, and Horsehe a th.

Es 'EX BR \;-JCJ I.-A detachment of the British Red Cross Society, has been formed in Wanstead, to aS ist in the Road Scheme.

The members all of whom are in possession of First Aid Certificates will be stationed at dangerolls points and crossroads during the coming season and will be prepared to voluntarily offer their services in cases of sudden accidents and illness.

Tn the near future it is hoped than an ambulance car will be in attendance. and will be on call for transport purposes, for the weck-encl.

The detachment will work uncler the auspices of the Essex branch of tIle Joint Council of the British Reel Cross Society, and the Order of St. Tohn Ambulance of Jerusalem in Eng-land. of which Lady' Colvin is the presiclent, Col. R. B. Colvin the County Director, and Col. Colman tIle County secretary.

TIle road allottee! to the detachment is from "The Georg'e" corner, \Vanstead, to the junction of the Epping and South end roads at Vvoodford, and includcs \\Tanstead High Street. Parts of the road will 11e "worked" in conjunction \",ith 1he Forest Gate detachment.

Captain J. of the Leytonstone Fire Brig:ade, 118.S accepted the pos1tlOn of honorary transport officer to the c1etacll111ent.

With thr approval of these gentlemen Sir William Prvke. J.P., Bart.. has been allllointed H onorarv Cnm. mandant, sllpported hv Sir Christopl1cr J\Iusg-rave, J.P., and other prominent gent l emen.

HAMPSHIRE BRANCIL-Progress was reported at the

Febr u a r y, 1929 F I R S T

anllual meeting 01 the. Southampton Division 01 the BntIsh J<.ed Lross SocIety, held at the Dnll II all, St. 1\1<1.ry Street, on Tuesday afternoon, January '::::S!th, but Lady .bnma C1'1cllto11 (vlCe-presldent), who occupled the 'Ilalr emphaSIsed that the dlVlSlOn could do much more h;lwork 111 the public service if they could be assured () l greater financial assistance

Dr. Pcndered (ASSIstant County Dlrector, Southampton Division) rcponed with regret that Mrs. Anderson ll<ld resigned 1rom the position of Commandant of Hants YO, but he expressed l\liss Rose had taken her place, and that v'Cllhs f lcmJl1g' succee?ed l\1iss Rose as the ASSistant Commandanl. I he numencal str e ngth of the detachments had kept up well. Hants 90 was self-supporting and had contributed £ 10 to. the Di\ isional funds, while Hants 2 and IIants -+ were 111 a fa ir way to becoming self-supporting. IIe expressed app r eciation of the work of the the offic e rs for the work they had accompllshed du1'1ng the ye a r. Reports were gi\'en by Miss Rose (Hants 90), MISS Ba ckhouse (I-Iants 2), ]\l1rs. Vaughan Phillips (Hants 4), a nd Miss Farmar (junior units) of the activities of the year. The annual financial statement presented by the H on. Treasurer (Mr. G. vv. l\lichen ) was regarded as sat i s factory.

The reports were adopted, and Lady Emma complimented the Division on their progress, and heartily th a nked Dr. Penderecl, i\Ir. Hichens, and the Secretary I. Wooel) for their loyal service.

ORTllUMBERLMW BR t\ <Cll. - The Duchess of No rthumberland on Saturday, February 2nd, presented th e prizes aiter the allllual of the V.A.D of th e 80rth Northumberland R('d Cross SOClety at Alnwlck.

After inspecting the teams her Grace said the.y were smartest she had ever ..cen, and personally It f'a\ e her g reat pleasure to tell 01 the .work done 111 orth Ilrt humherlallc1. She specially \\ lshee.! to thank all docto rs a nd nurses \\'ho gaIT 11elp to the V.A.D. classes, ane.! al so the ue.!ges for their splendid work _ Whell all the t ca ms were so good, it must havG been cllfficult to deCIde.

As to W0111en members, one felt they were ready to fi ll in e\'ery spare moment, and had a real spit-it of selfsac rifice. Their's was a work. When one took up th e papers and read da ily of the appalling nu.mber o£ aeCl dents by road and otherwise it would he real!sed how \ a u able was a kno\\'lec1g'e o£ first aiel work. On the mot ion of Admiral Slayter, the Duchess was thanked for at Le nclance.

Among- those present at the prize distribution "were i\ Ii ss Blackctt-Orcl (Commandant), Mrs. Lea.ther Calley, l\fr s A. Scholefield, Mrs. Blackett-Ord, 1\11SS Craster. l\ l is s Pease, ;'ilrs. Mangin, and 1\1rs. Fullerton James. [n the contests three sih'er ('ups were competed for hy teams from Aln\\'ick, Bamburg)l, Corbridge, N o r t h Sl11lClcrlaml, and Stock field. The cup gwen 1)\ l\Jr s. Leather Calley for ct Home N ur ing" was \von by Alnwick for the second time: the cap given by J\Irs. A. J Blackett - Ord for" Uniform" was won hy \\hilst that g'iven by Mrs. Fullerton for." First Aiel" was won hy Alnwick. A pecwl pnze g:lven lw Mrs. Leather Calley and Mrs. Blackett-Ord for the smartest and most correct uniform worn by a V.A.D. m ember "Northumberland 2" (Alllwick) \\ ' a \\'on by }\Iiss 1/['. Hare The judges were 1\1rs. Frceman, Eclinhun; h. Sister Lee, Durllam, Admiral Slayter, ewcastlc, an d Captain Patterson, Durham.

NORTH LINCOLNSTI mE BR \NCfT.- The illness 0 f s( \ cral people macle a sort of Pooh-Bah of 1\1.rs. W. II. Rawnslcy, president 0 f the North L111colnshlre

A I D . 217

Branch of the British Red Cross Society, when she attended the annual meeting of the branch held in Gnmsby Town Jlall on J<lnuary 25th.

1n addition to gWlllg; her own Presidential review of the year's work she submitted three reports-those of the County Director (Dr. Colling-ridge), County Secretary (Gapt. ;'Ilerchant), and County] reasurer eMr. Abel all of whom were absent becau e of illness.

The O\Irs. :\1. G. Smith) presided o\,er the gathering, which included representativcs of \ T.A.D. units in various parts of the county, and many ladies interested in the So(:icty.

In presenting the annual report, l\Irs. Rawnslcy said that the increased interest shown in the work 01 the Red Cross Society was encouraging. There was an increase, also, in the activities of the Society itself. The 1\orth Lincolnshire Branch now comprised 17 detachm e nts, and another \\'as being formed. At the annual demonstration held at Well Vale in the summer, the new recruits did extraordinarily well. Progress was being made in the establishment of medical stores, and there were now 15 centre 111 addition to the C e ntr a S t ores at Louth.

OXFORDSIIIRE BR .l,)J'CIL-" It seems a sad reflection on our civilisation to he speaking- of the next war as if it was ine\'itable," said Dr. F. G. Gardn e r, of the British Red Cross Society, at the second annual m e eting of the Ox fordshire County C c ntn: of the St. J o hn Ambulanc e Association, \\'hich \I as held on \\' edne day, J anuar), 30th, a the County Hall.

I was at a meeting in London last week," he added, and it came as quite a shock to me that they were talking of the next war as thoLl CY h it would happen this year or next. vVe no sooner get things straightened out than another war is spoken of as a serious possibility. In the Reel Cross we are going so far as to issue a manual on how to meet gas at t acks."

The \\ a presid ed O\' er by Dr. \\ E. Auclland. wh0 remarked that Dr. Gardner had rather frig"htened them, hut he hoped there \vas 110t anoth e r ,, "ar in front of them.

A considerahle part of the \\ ork has been in the nature of propaganda, but it is g-ratifying to know thal there has been a distinct increase in the desire for a knowledge of first aid throughout the country;' said the second annual report which the committ e e pre se nted.

In a count\' like Oxfordshire, \\ here therc arc very few large to\\ n; or industrial c e ntr e s," the c<:)11tinued, r'difficult)" is sometimes experienc ed 111 getlmg enoLwh candidates to form a class and the committ e e desire to point out the acl\ ' antao'e of holding a course in first aid to \'illag-e cluhs, women's institutes, and similar org·anisations.

, "During the past year eleven classes in fir aiel held in various towns and yillages. The percentage ot successful candidates \yas satisfactory, h11t in many cases candidates did not prc ent themselves for examination."

The Secretary spoke of the \\'"ork which the centre contemplated cluring' the year, and said th e ex e cutiYC committee had decided to run the clrt e , fro111 headCluarters, the fee for \\ hich would be 5s. They had also , tarted a class for ho\'s in Oxford \\'"hich 56 \I' er e ;lltcnding-. Tntere t in the work wa gTo\\'i1H?: and a fast as one class ended the\' received application fnr ;l1lother ill the ame district-. The expenses would he hea\ ier this yeaL

Dr. F. G. GClrdner. who is con11ected with the Reel Cross Society. (lD]lcalcd for ;1 lai 011 het\veen fhe St. John Amhulance Association and the Reel Cros SociC'tv.

r'ThC'v arc hoth filling' imnnrtant place. in tIll' 11r1.1io11<t1 life to-cla\'. \ Ve want a little encouragement to kcep up peace time actiyities."

O ur Nurses Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

N"o. 1 DISTRICT.-On February 9th a meeting of the L ady Hospitallers' Club was a ddressed by Miss Rideou,t, L ady District Supermlendent of No.1 (Prmce of 'Wales s District).

She said that during 1928 ther e had be en 930 duties for nursing divisions, and that she had detal.led 3,21-1- nurses. This was quite apart from local dutIes, which must ha\'e run into thousands. She warmly thanked all members for the support given her in the carrying out of these numerous particularly as some were detailed at very short notIce. She expressed her appreciation of the punctual at and hop ed that this would continue, as It greatly faClhtated the work of the inspecting staff officers.

With regard to the forthcoming competitions, Miss Rideout o\\"ned to a disappointment at the number of entries, and hoped they would be higher. next year. She hinted at an alteration in the eliminat1l1g competJtlOns next year. .

At this year's inspection in Park Commissioner and the Lady Super1l1tendent-1l1-Chlef hope that the ursing Diyisions of To. 1 District \\Till take part in the march-past. Miss Rideout trusted that, in view of this fact, every member of the District would do her best to make it a success, and would attend the drills in preparation for the event.

No.4 Dr sTRIcT.-This district held its annual competitions for nursing divisions in first aid on January 29th. In the competition for the Howard Rose Bowl fourteen teams competed, Blackpool Team B being adjudged the most efficient and securing the trophy.

The Col. Trimble Shield was awarded to Kendal Division, which was placed first out of thirteen teams. This division has previously held the shield in 1911, and has repeatedly tried to regain it in the intervening years. This year, besides winning this trophy, they only lost the Howard Ros e Bowl by marks

BRIGHTON.-A successful whist drive was held at the Royal Pavilion on January 26th in aid of the Brighton and Have Division of the British Red Cross Society. Over 200 play e rs took part. The prizes were presented by the Mayoress, Mrs. H. J. Galliers.

After thanking the company for their support, the Mayoress appealed to the young people to join the British Red Cross Society, and so to learn how to deal efficiently with sudden accident or illness in the street or the home. She remind ed them that Sussex had undertaken to supply 280 mobile members for overseas service in case of war, and that so far only 88 had enrolled. Although everyone hoped that war was a thing of the past, yet cc Preparing was Preventing."

KENT V.A.D.-On January 23th the Marchioness of Camden presented her challenge shield to Chislehurst Kent 60 V.A.D., who gained the hig-hest marks for work performed during the year 1928.

An addre.ss was afterwards given by Dame Beryl Ohver, wh?, 111 congratulati.ng the winning team on its success, pomted out that thiS V .A.D had two-thirds of its. strength mobile-a tremendoLls achievement. She said that so many people were afraid to undertake the mobile obligation, as it meant that, in time of n eed, they undertook to go wherever they were sent. But they could

always be released on giving a month's notice so that th e oblio'ation was not so onerous as It appeared at first Sight. Kent was the air road to London, and in the forefront of what was going on; hence the need of as many mobile members as possible.

l'l-IE MEARNs.-The recently promoted V.A.D. Road SerYice in the Mearns loses one of its pioneers by th e departure of Dr. J. C. lVI. Matheson, D.S.O., to up an appointment at Wormwood Scrubbs HIS loss ,will be felt keenly by all connected With the V.A.D. movement in the District.

The scheme inaugurated by Dr. IvIatheson provided that where a doctor received information of a road accident, he could summon the help of a V.A.D. if he thought assistance desirable. If the doctor :vas away from home, the receiver of the message at hiS surgery would put the informant in touch ,:"ith a V.A.D.; or police, knowing that medical assistance was not Immediately available, could also enlist the aid of a V.A.D In this way the voluntary movement, althouCTh formed for war and national emerg-ency, was diverting its activities into peace time work.

FIRST AID IN MATERKITY

CASES.

On December 5th last, Dr. Mary Blair gave the last lec t ure of her COLlrse to women members of Central Area , No.1 District, S.J.A.B., on First Aid in Maternity Cases. At every lecture the ha.11 was crowded, which only goes to prove how much the Course was enjoyed. Dr. Blair was just wonderful) and Central Area owes her a big- debt of gratitude. In simple language, that all could understand, she instructed her audience in the method of dealing- with an emerg-ency case where skilled help was not available, often illustrating her point with a humorous story from real life.

Besides this, she emphasised the need for more antenatal work. describing- in some detail the work is now being- done to educate and helD mothers, and if possible in this way to reduce the high mortality of women in child-birth. For several years past four women out of every thousand have lost their lives in childbirth. and the rate is now slightly on the increase-a terrihle state of affairs.

Dr. Blair insisted over and over ag-ain on the need for stlrg-ical cleanliness in dealing with' a case. It is probable that to obtain this, the First Aider's resourcef111ness will be needed. The cases she is likely to be called upon to deal with will not be in a we]]enuipped hospital where evervthing- necessary is at h and. She will have to tClke anything she can g-et and turn it to thf' best

On public duty a First Aider is sometimes called to an expectant mother who is overcome by heat, a close atmosphere, excitement, etc ., or who has been taken ill from some other cause. Many such women seem to take a delight in inhaling- the ozone of the galleries of our Picture Houses and Music Halls, and in seeing- the lat est "thriller," Half-asphvxiated. thev are borne out in the sturdv arms of the men in the black and white uniform and the call comes, "Sister, you are wanted." Th ese mothers are usually very g-rateful for any assistance given them, A svmpathetic smile and many such a patient will pour forth her trouhles and anxieties. Listen, no matter how trying- it may be, it just shows that she trusts you. You can then offer her advice/ suiting your words to

February, 1929. FIRST A I D. 219 H

Sore throats, bruises, colds, colic, diarrhrea, blood poisoning, (tc., ARE ALL CURED with kerosene linseed oil, mustard, ginger, castor oil, and garden beet- rheumatism 1 nd nervous disease with celery-the lemon cures 29 diseases-the beetroot is used for delayed menstrllation - pepper cures the" orst attack of grippe.

for Young WIVES

Young HUSBANDS

PARENTS WOMEN OVER 40 and EVERYBODY

The HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIAN

wrItten by eminent Specialists, Physicians and Surgeons, describes in simple language with helpful Coloured Plates and diagrams

THE DISEASES OF MEN WOMEN AND CHILDREN, THEIR CAUSE, TREATMENT AND CURE, \\ il h complete instructions on preventatiYe medicine, the science of hygiene, ph) sical culture, etc.

The 500 Ill ust ration s and full-page Plates and tbe Anatomical Models showir.g he Organs of the Human Body exactly as they ove rlay each other makes the readin g matter more easily understood.

A FEW OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED:

First Aid What to 00 in Emergencies The Teeth The Principles of Influenza, Colds, etc. Treatments for all Diseases The Musces , Invalid lookery Alesales. Mumps How to Read Symptoms Infant Welfare Surl!ical Diseases Diseases by Water Sleep, Bed· and Bedding, The Expectant Mother Blain and Neryous Diseases

"Herb" Root and Salt Remedies The Eye, the Ear Happ y Motherhood Diseas s of Old Age Corns and Warts The Throat Homrepa hy Diseases of Infancy

Dieting for Disease The Nose 'The Chest How to Treat Accidents The Pr nciples of Phrenolrgy Treatments for Beauty The Heart Shin gled and Bobbed HaiJ , Physical Culture The Stomach The Lungs Pleurisy Diseases 01 and Head ExerCises for all Purposes The Lh er Hygiene, Anatomy Pharmacy AdenoidS, etc., etc.

TH E YOU NG WIFE a nd the experienced married woman will find all tbey want to know ma?e .cl ear.

This work gives, in simple anguag e, tbal knowledge our young people need to -day. T hIS IS the nf0l11lallOn many a good fatber desires to give hi s son; but he d oes not know how to set about Jt.

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WOMEN OVER 40 will find tbeir difficulties regarding health frankly discuFsed.

There are hundreds of subjects of value to all. The muscles, teeth, digestion, hair, food values, phrenology. How to ciagLose diseases from appearance of bead, face, tongne, throa chest. perspiration, etc. ___ • _______ _

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" I am delighled with' The Hou seho ld Physician,' and as I am an 111,n, I can lhem to the:r fulle extent. They are worth twice their costs."

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Please send roe Free Booklet on "THE Hou EHOLD FHYSI C1AK," with particulars as to your oAer to deliver the c omplete ViOl k at once for the first payment of 4/-, balance to be paid by a few smHll monthly payments after aelivery

ADDRESS , _"F.A ." ,. ,..- " ,

) our patient. Tell her how much easier in her mind she would be if s h e saw a doctor and knew that everythmg \\as alnght. Expbin to her h ow bad it i s for her to .go into a crowdcd stuffy almosphere as the one from whlch shc has just been rescued; how inj urious to her is excitement. Tcll her that shc has now to breathe for two, and Lllat, thereforc, she nceds more fresh a ir than the ordinary person; that crowds arc happy huntlllg grounds for germs, and that though m the ord mary way she w,?uld not bother much about the risk, she has now another lIttle life to consider.

Somcho,, or other there sccms to be a conspiracy to terrify the mother. Shc is to ld that she must expec t. to suffer from sickness, pain, sleeplessness etc , and to thll1k herself lucky if she gets off with nothing worse It she does most Ulwratcfully continue to enjoy good health there is no she will haye a tcrrible time when bab y arriYes.

\VhCll a young mothcr is lying in the ambulance station recovering from somc slight indisposition, exp lain LO hn that this is not the casc, but that her condition should be a happy, healthy one. If it is not so with her, that is due to somc cause that requircs skilled atte ntion. \Vhen in uniiorm, it is always so much easier to h elp with advicc. There is a greater feeling of self-co nfid ence, and for some reason or other the public attrib ut es to the .( grey nurse" far more kno\yledge than she act uall y posscsses Although \YC cannot and darc not presume on this, it cloes giye us a start.

If only wc could do our little bit in this Save -th eCampaign! For us it is a question of doing the small things and leaving thc big ones to those w ith more knowledge than ourselves. A word of advice at the ri ght momcnt, our help, our sympathy-who knows what fruit they may bear?

TH E D.\XCERS OF COl' Cll

lL is not generally realised hO\v dangerous an overdose of cough mixture may be. Most of those purchased have as an ing-redi c nt some form of opium in the form of chlorodync, clc., and many people seem to t hin k that the larger the dose they take, or a greater number of doscs than Lhe prescription states, the sooner will they be reli eyed of their cough. They fail to realise that the cough is but a sign of something wrong, and to remoye the cause \\"oulcl giye more lasting relief than to try to smother 1\ ature's \\arning.

One e\"ening, quite recently, an Ambulance Sister met a gentleman \Vhom she knew, and remarked ho\\" \'Cry" off colour" he looked" He laughingly replied that he had been trying to commit suicide. At 5 p.m. he h ad taken some cough mixture-which conta in ed laud anumand, thinking: thc dose prescribed rather small and wanting to get bctter quickly, hc took a ITItlch l arger quantity than he should. A short time later he went home and while walkil:g- along: the subway of the Tube, feli' very; shaky and gIddy. The top of his head seemed to be miles away, and he felt as if he was expanding in a ll directions. F.rom.6-9 p.m. he slept soundly, and then went out with hlS \\I1£e.

It \vas at this point that the Amhulance Sister met hi111. She expla ned that, in the first place, he sho uld not have' taken such a larg-e dose. and that he certa inl y sh ou ld not have gone.to sleep but shou ld have consulted a doc tor.

A few 111l11utes la.ter he was again feeling: very un" "ell. and on the adnce of the Ambulance Sister went top of the and, it is hoped, fo ll owe d h er ll1strnctlOl1s, and called m at the doctor's on the way.

I tems (Di vi sional news 3nd competition socia l, interestinq lectur es, etc. , for this page should be sen to Ambulance SIster, c/o The Edi to r, FIRST Am, 46, Cannon St., London, E.C.4.

Queries and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

Q uer ies will be deal wilh under the following rule s ;-

I. -Letters containing Q uerie s must be ma rked on the top lefl han d corner of t he envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 46, Cannon"street, Lon do n, E. C. 4·

2. -All Queries must te accompanied by a " Q uer y Co upon" cu from the current issue of the J 0urnal, o r in case of Q uerie s from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The T extbook, to which refel e nce may be made in these columns s the 36th P9zo) Edition ofS.J .A.A. M a nu a l of First Aid

TRE.\'DIE:\T oF' ACID POI S0:-i :"'l:

C. D. (Cromer). - For treatment of Corro i\'e \ cid P oison in g our Te;.;:tbook r ccommends us to g i\'e lim e waLer freely.

\n other \\'ell-knol\"n First .-\id :\I a nu a l ach 'ises a dmini st iun of two teaspoonsf ul of Sodium Bicarbonate in !In L)UnCCS of water. Please tell us whicb is corred, and accept thank" for many bcnetlts rccci\'ed froIn study of your colul1llls in FrRST Am

The S. J -\ \ Textbook i:::. right becau:::.e acid:::. \yill react "'ith bicarbonatc of soda and gi\'e off carbonic acid, which \\·il l Lend to distend the stomach and add to the miseries of the patient s u fferi ng from Corrosi\'c ,\ cid P o iso nin g. - l\. CORBE I FLETCIlER.

G. C. (Oxford). - ln a l-ecenL examination I a ked a candidate ,,"hat he would d o if there was no st retcher a\'itilable for remo\'a of an unconscious patient. You imagine my surprise and amusement when he rep li ed: " I slzould lise all il1ljropriale slre/dzer.l"

Good! l\exL, please! !-N.C .F

TREXL\IEl\'T OF J 01:\T ;\'JLJI<IE!->.

E. C. ( :\I anor Park). - Please Lell LlS whaL is the corrcct treatment for a patient \\'ho falls hea\'il)' and spra in s hi s knee which quickly becomes l1luch \\"o!lel1. Should wc appl: cold dressings or paint joint with 10dine-(1) when patient is ablc and willing- to stay and hm e co ld applications app li ed continuous ly, and (2) \\ hen h e wishes to proceed at once?

The correct treatment is to apply co ld water c.ln' sings ane! to renew at frcquent int erva ls. If patienl wishes to proceed then it is your duty to acl\'ise patient to rene\\' app li cat on pending- advice of his doctor to Wh0111 you as a wisc First \id er hal'e rcfelTed him. External application of I odine is not of much sen' ice in acute stagc of spra in ; and co ld applicat ions usually fai l to give bcnefit afler twent)-four hours. - K .C. F.

TIlE B.\l\UAGE.

\. "'\ T. ( \ 'icto ri a).- I r ea e.! \\ it h great int e l"cst Lhe article 011 Lhe Triangular B andage which was published in the J anua ry issue of FIRST \1)) and I note thaL t h e auLhor produced f Lll"t h l'r cy id ence in s upp o r of thc claim (w hi ch you ha\"c systematica ll y put forward for many years) that th is handage was often and in correc tly termed "Esl11<ll'ch Bandagc." 1 rClllclllber abo th<lt you i11Ilu encc d thl' a lt crat ion of this t it k in thc 36th cd it io n (If Textbook.

1 h o ugh the Triangular l:3andage was in H!I1l ed by Dr

February, 1939.

FIRST

Mayor, of Lausanne, S"\'itzerland, yet it WflS popularised by Dr. Esmarch, of Ki e l, Germany; a nd the hi sLorica l fact is that in 1877 the \ ssociat io ll pur chased from Germany ih original s pec im e n al l

OF VI':I:\.

C. (;. (Wake lt e ld ). R ccenL ly a student was askeel b\ the class in Lructor to dcmonstrate ho\\" he \\·oulc.l bloeding from a burst \'aricosc \'('in, patienl being a "'oman and no fe111ale assista n ce boing- <l\"a il ab le. The stu d ent procceded to treat as laid dowIl in Textbook; but the in tructor in::.isted that the method \l'a" to t urn patient on Lo her face anc.l to Hex lowcr li mb. 1 disagreed this mL'lhod of LreaLmcnt for \'arious and ob\'ious reasons; and I submit the poinL for your dccision.

On your sLaLement of facts the stuclenL was right and th e cia s in tructor wrong, for many reasons, three of which n .l U enumcrate. FurLher, 1 can anticipate serious objections the part of paticnL. - l\.c. F.

H.E\JORR11.\GE FRO\I I:"'nm1\',\L ORG.\l\.

L. :\. (\\' ol\ ertol1). Please tell us if }ou appro\ c the altered Signs and Sym ptl)mS l)f i nternal H<t'!morrhage as puhlished in Reyised Textbook (I'. 121). To me iL appear:" that the present Re\ i lon C0!l1111iLlee h;t\ c undone 01112 of the useful amendments made In 36Lh Edition, since the circulaton and respi ratnr: effech arc l1ll\\ interming led.

I do not apprm e the alteration \\ hich had already attracted my atLention and 1 agree with your contention.

By the way, you hm c missed one great amendment III the RCli-,ed Tcxtbook \\'bich has substituicd the term" Ha morrhage for I nternal Orgiul" for the old and 1111 leading term " internal IICI.'morrhage,"

C. F.

KISS C.\l SE OF H

E. C. (LancasLer). Reccntly tWLl girls ill our factory sky larking; and onc of thclll fcll OIl the back of hcr head and becllI11e unconscioLls. R ecogni"ing tlJat Lhe

1-6r l \\"as suffering from Concussion, 1 sent for Lhe strelcher and had her removed to thc Ambulance R oom where one of Bearer", apparenLly overCOIlle \\"ith spnpathy for the injured girl, stooped dO\\'!1 and kissecl her 011 the cheek. Tl) our utter surprise the other girl, \\"110 hacl accompanied her friend to the -\l11bulance Room, \y cnt ofT In it \ iolent lIt of l-ly"tcria. Latcr, \\"hen the storm had passed, I asked what \\'a" the reason for t h e IlL and was furLhcI- surprised \\·hen she rep li cd :-" Ife I.'/.\ st d Ill'!' alld jJasst tT I//t " GOllCl! ext pleasc! C. F.

1-<'oHEll;:"' BOD\, BE:\L\TII

C I-I. (Stoke l\e\yiI1gton). \s a membcr l)f the I shall be ob li ged if you wi ll gi\'C !l1C ach iL'e on a SIIllple but elllbarass in g ca e which I recently had to trcat namel" s plint er bcncath fi.no·cr nail. I failed tl) samc forccps, an d tricclfoll1cntatiolls wiLlHlut <lvai l, while my pat icnt passed uncolllplimcntary remarks about Lhe sen'ice rendered.

You wcre gui lt y ot pracLising' :\lcc.ld lesolllc \,i:1. ill

LhaL you cleliheratch i"'no l"ed t h e instruCliol1s of thc l c;.;:tbook'( Rul 7, p. 8-+) searched fL)r it fl)rcign hody \yhieh, heing beneath nai you \I 'l)u ld 11l1t rL'ndily seL You thnl'oughh c.lesern;d I'L' 1l1arks I\ ith \\'hieh your jXll icl1L gn'cted your rutile clfort at l'xLr,lction ; I:llt ] \\'oneler wlJat yo ur \ sst. Commissioner w ould ha\ e sale! (11' dune h a d h e l'(lllg'l1t you in the ael! C. I,'.

AID.

HOBSON I, SONS (LONDON),

Ltd.

MANUFACTURERS OF UNIFORMS,

HEADDRESSES and ACCOUTREMENTS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION FOR st. John Ambulance Brigade.

All enquiries toTOOLEY STREET, S.B.I. BRIDGE, Telephone-Hop 0680 (2 llnes) and 7065. Telegrams-" Hobson, Borah, LondoD."

ALLMAN'S POOKET ANATOMIOAL ATLAS

Si ze 6JJ x ( Plates i' x 6JJ ).

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FIRST AID I

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Rank « File Tunics « Trousers £2 and £2 -1 -6 Greatcoats (Grey Frieze) £2

Trousers (Stack Vicuna « White Piping) 16/6 and 12/6

" "Haversacs (White Duck) 2/3

Ambulance Nurses Coats (All Wool Grey Serge) 31/6

IUflcers' Uniforms, Caps, Sam Browne Belts, Belts and Pouches, Gloves Chevrons, etc., at very reasonable prices.

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February, 1929. FIRST

AVERY serviceable vehicle, built on the famous Austin Twenty chassis, and coachbuilt in first class style. The interior. and with linoleum or rubber tiled floor covering, accommodates two stretcher and four sitting cases with attendant. Five shaft bearings ensure maximum length of service and the smoothest possible runnmg. Four speeds and reverse, with four wheel brakes. W rite for com plete particulars.

THE AUSTIN MOTOR CO., Ltd., LONGBRIDGE, BIRMINGHAM.

L )Ojon Depots:SIIOWrO O7ll 479=483. OXFORD STREET, W.1. £J'vite S tation and SI1071JI'OO?llS

By

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The advantages attending the use of the Aseptic Dressing, in hospital and domestic practice are now almost too well known to need recapitulation.

Since the introduction of this remarkable agent it has been put to the test by medical men and nurses in every part of the country. It has proved itself thoroughly efficient as a skin bactericide and sterilizer and powerful healer.

An added charm associated with its use is its soothing effect in the case of inflammatory pain, or in irritable conditions of the skin. For the treatment of children's skin complaints it is unequalled, because It does away with the tendency on the part of the young patient to scratch, and so spread or aggrevate the trouble.

Mechanically, GERMOLENE is perfect, and its appearance and texture have gained it h ig h encomiums from doctors and (hemists. Milled to microscopic fineness, the ingredients are held in a high·grade creamy base which spreads with ease, does away with messiness, and which, when massaged, sinks straight into the skin pores. Bandages may be prepared with the absolute minimum of delay and trouble, and slight heat reduces the dressing to the consistency of cream.

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SOOTHES AT A TOUCH!

J\ I I) February, 10 2<).

MANU ALS OF FIRST-A.lD, &c.,

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AIDS TO FIRST.AID.

Fifth EdltioD. Post free, lid.

flrst.Ald Simplified alld Tab alated. wltb AIds to .emory.

• Col. Sir lam,s Ca,.tli, co,.tribflt" a" i,.trodflctio,. a,.d w",.dorSllus K'ooa opi,.io,. 0/ tlu book." - LANCET.

AIDa TO HOME-NURSINQ.

Third EdltioD. Price IS. 2d •• post free.

Homo.Narslog SImplifIed aad Tabalated, Aids to .emory.

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Problems la Stady, Treatmeat aad • sol,ed StadeD1s

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OOMMON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID.

II. net: post Brrors In flrst.Ald Detailed and •.

• 7lt.is book girl'S a cl,ar,r illsirht i,.to tlu methods a"d dil!icflltt'S OJ ,tn,rr'lI CJ' tr,a!me,.t b" laJlffltll thall tlu otficial Textbook itself. "-LANCET.

AMBULANCE COMPETITION TESTS

(Stretcher, Individ.ual and Quest,ion-Six 6d. each ,net, post, I!d Each Folder contams spec.al article on -No. I, Training of Co m petitioD Teams; No.2, CODduct of Team 10 Room; No. 3, Errors in Competition; NO.4, Further Errors 10 No. S, History of CompetitioD Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests.

WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID. Fifth EditioD. Price II. •• post free.

Dllllcalties III Stady and Treatmont lolnd by Qaestloa and ADswer.

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FIRST AID. Illustrated by so diagrams In Colours with Explanatorv Letterpress. By Sir JAMBS CANTLlB, K.B.E., LL.D., M.A., M. B. C.M. F.R.C.S., D.P.H R.C.P. 7! d. net; post free.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAM S FOR LECTURING PURPOSES.

Mounted on Canvas, Roller top and bottom. Det each. Post, IS.

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6 Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest aDd Abdomen

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12 PP.-72 bandaging diagrams, with notes. Strong paper, Post Id. HEALTH IN FEW WORDS. 8y R •.H. FIRTH. D.P. H. F.R C.S. 20th Thousand. Paper folder 3 and 4 \D. Post free 3d. net.

By HOWARD M PRESTON. to th, Pol,t,ch,.ic THE TRIANGULAR Price IS. net .postage, 2d It s Application Accurately Descnbed by Words and 110 Diagrams. THE ROLLER Price IS. net; 2d. lis Application Accurately DeSCribed by Words and X02 Diagrams.

ana 3/- per Tin.

OJ all Chemists throug1r.out the British EmtJire.

Sole Dt·str£butors.'

The Veno Drug Co. (1925), Ltd.,

MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS, MANCHESTER, ENO.

for the The Independent Ambulance and Journal Nursing Services.

EDITORIAL.

WE have all heard a good deal about de-rating of late, and in all probability we are destined to hear more of it in the not far distant future. In our editorial pages last month we touched very briefly on the heavy and increasing burden of local rates on our volunta ry hospitals, and then expressed th e opinion that in th ese days, when agricu ltur e and industry are bei ng de-rated in order" to pu t them on their feet" (if the expression is permissible), some such relief should also be afforded to our hospitals.

The question was raised In the House of Commons as recently as February 13th and 14th, and, on the former date, the l\Iinister of Health was asked whether his attention had been directed to the increased assessments on provincial vol untary hospitals as the result of the operation of the Ratingand Valuation Act, 1925, andfurtherwhether, in viewo[ the publicservices rendered bytheseinstitutions and of their present financial position, he would consider e ith er de-rating them, or of granting so me preferential of assessment.

Sir Kingsley Wood, Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health, who replied, explained that the exemption of hospitals from rati.ng could not be effected without l egislation, and he also pointed out the difficulties which would be encountered in considering such a proposal or in grant ing preferential assessments without opening th e door for the extension of similar facilities to man yother charitable institutions.

On little reflection his point can be appreciated, for it would certainly not be easy to frame le gis lation which would meet the immediate object in v iew without inviting claims for a wide extensiol1 of any concessions granted. To foresee

difficulties, however, is not to say that they are insurmountable . What we are concerned with , however, is rather the granting of relief, than the manner in which it is to be granted. Apart altogether from the incidence of operation of either the Rating or Valuation Act or of the Local Goverment Bill (when this comprehensive measure, with its wide scheme of de-rating, appears upon the Statute Book), there is a general feeling that our hospitals should either have rating relief or that some other assistance should be afforded to enable them to meet the additional financial burdens which are to-day being placed upon them.

In this connection, it is interesting to recall another utterance of Sir Kingsley \i\T ood's in which he voiced the considered opinion that the hospitals were treating 100,000 victims of motor accidents yearly, that the cost of this service probably exceeded half-a-million sterling and further, that as a result of the treatment of motor accident cases, thousands of people for whom these hospitals were provided could not be admitted.

The figures given were, of course, estimates, but the subsequent report of the British Hospitals Association (for the year 1927) showed that some 26,000 in-patients and 39,000 out- patients received hospital service in 1927 as the result of motor accidents. In that report both Lord l\lontagu of Beaulieu and Sir \Villiam Goschen, among others, discussed at some length the heavy financial burden which those accidents placed upon the hospitals and alternative arrangements for meeting it.

It may be argued, reasonably perhaps, that the extra expense thrown upon hospitals as the result of motor accidents should be a cbarge upon the motorist themselves, and a suggcstion was made that this should be effected through insurance. Alternatively, a strong case could probably be made out for some assistance from the Road Board Fund, that" long stocking" from which a " dip" has been made to meet charges less closely

related with the roads themselves than is the aid now suggested for our hospitals.

One thing, however, is certain, namely, that some relief is urgent and must be found, for, as Lord Montao-ll says in the report quoted, "there is o bound to be many more road accidents owmg to the increased use of the roads." The figures for the past year, alas, proved that prophecy to be only too true.

---._.---

The Hospitallers' Club.

TIlE members of the above held their monthly m eeting at the Bonnington Hotel on. March 8th. Mr. J. G. Paterson, of Ind.ustnal Welfare Society favoured the meetmg wIth a paper on " Welfare and Industrial Efficiency."

The subject proved most interesting and enlightening, and went to show what a tremendous amount of unobtrusive work is undertaken by the Society in furthering the spirit of co-operation between employers and employees in the interests of general we1l-being and efficiency.

Several of those present put questIOns to Mr. Paterson, which he very kindly answered, amplifying and explaining a number of points in his paper.

Members are reminded of the Annual Dinner of the Club which takes place on April 27th next at the Connaught Rooms. Lt.-Gen. Sir Aylmer Hunter-\Veston, Chance1lor of the Order, and Col. C. 1. Ellis, Asst. Surgeon in Chief of the Brigade, have both signified their pleasure in accepting the invitation of the Club to be present.

The Secretary, Mr. P. Bettison, 36, Clitherowavenue, IIanwell, W.7., urges members to make an early application to him for tickets. Separate tables will be arranged for parties of eight mem bers and friends.

The next meeting of the Club will be held on April 12th, and members will be gratified to know that Dr. Whitby, who has recently been in attendance on H.M. the King, has very kindly consented to give an address on "Parasites in Man."

I t is interesting to note that our Mr. Arthur T. Dale, F.J.l., "obtained a certificate in First Aid to the Injured at the Metropolitan of the St. John Ambulance Association in lay 1894," and that he took part in the Jubilee of Queen Victoria, for which he received a medal. He was al s o on duty at Windsor for the funeral of Queen Victoria. A film of this latter event was taken at Windsor and shol""n at the Polytechnic, and in which he figures with other of-ficcrs, King Edward, the ex-Emperor of Germany, and other notabilitie s ,

How the United States Bureau of Mines Conducts Its National or International Pirst=Aid Contests.*

By J. J. FORBES, Supe17n'sing- ElIg-ince1, S ection, 5'ajely Di-z,/Siol1.

(Continued page 215.)

(e) Judges will be required to examine car efully the work done in each event.

(f) Judges should not discuss discounts wi th a team or within hearing of a team.

(g) When the judges havc c.onwleted th e rating of each team the score cards wlil collect ed by a person or persons designated purpo se, who in turn will o'ive them to the cl11e[ Judge.

(h) After chief judge is satisfied th e score cards are in prop e r order the cards Will be immediately sent to the chief recorder, and tabulated. Such scores will be kept confidentI al by recorders.

13. Ties: -

(a) Announcemcnts of ties will be mad.e a nd decided as soon as possible after the c:ompletlon of the regular problems.

(b) Ties will be decided one or mo re problems if time permits; otherWise, b y lot.

14. An event embraces a probl e m that m ar call for the treatment of one or more i njuries and the handling of the patient."

15. The Bureau of Mines Manual of FlrstAid Instruction for Miners" (1921 edition) is hereby authorised for sole reference a;1d ,guidan ce in contest work at this meet. (Note: [hiS manu a l is a revision of former Bureau of Mines Handbo ok, " Advanced First-Aid Instruction for l\liners," a nd has been reprinted 16 times, the last time in October, 1928.)

16. The use of banners, lettering, or emble ms on garments, or marked first-aid boxes and equi p ment or use of means of identification of tea ms other' than by numbers officially assigned, will n ot be permitted on the field.

17. Dress:-

(a) Teams performing will wear ovcralls an d jumpers or a similar form of dress, such as a tw opiece uniform. Jumpers or coats may be remov e.d provided that a shirt with full-length sleeves 15 worn.

(b) The patient will be dressed similarly to other team members, except that he will not w ea r shoes duri ng the time the problem is being w.ork.eel

18. Preparation of bandages of a problem will not be permItted, with th e

* published by permission or the Director, U,S. Bureau of Mines.

March, 1929. FIR S T exception of cravat bandages, which may be folded.

19. All bandages will be applied over clothing.

20. Infraction of the above rules, if such infractions are not covered in the table of discounts, may result in the disqualification of the team or tea ms involved.

As thc teams, judges, and visitors arrive they ar e registered by a committee of Bureau of Mines offi cials. The teams draw for their number and wo rking place on the field and are then turned over to a field committee which assists thcm in making p re liminary preparations and getting their supplies and equipment to the field.

!he field is laid out to provide a rectangular wo r k lOg space of 10 by 20 feet for each team, eithe r in parallel or semicircular arrangement, depe nding upon thc shape and size of the field. E ac h working space is provided with a numbered s ig n mounted on a stake placed at the centre and j ust back of the border line. The spaces are num bered consecutively and the teams work in spaces corresponding to the number assigned by the reg istration committee.

T he meet officials are a committee of chief j udge s, supervising judges, team judges or comm itte es of team judges, an announcer, timekeepers, a chie f recorder and his assistants, and a managing com mittee of Bureau of T\Iines officials.

A committee of chief judges is in complete charge of the contest and is usually composed of t hrec members , one of whom acts as chairman. One member of this committee is generally a high officia l of the American Red Cross, one member repres ents the medical profession from the locality where the contest is held, and the third is a high officia l of some mining company or nationally know n organisation which does not have a team entere d in the contest. This committee assigns the s upervising and team judges.

A supervising judge is assigned to a group of tw o or morc teams, depending on the number of tea ms participating and judges available. These s upe rv ising judges are selected from the group of j udges and are choscn for thcir knowledge of fi rst -a id methods and the rules of the contest. T he ir duties consist of overseeing the work of the t eam judges and of making decisions on questions wh ic h may arise during the working of the problems or which concern the proper discounting of th e teams. The supervising judges rotate from gro up to group in the opposite direction from the te a m judges. A team judge is assigned to each tea m. The progressive system of judging is used: th e judge for team No.1 in event No.1 moves up an d judges tcam No.2 in event No.2; likewise, th e judge for team No. 20 in event No. 1 wou ld judge team No. 21 in event No.2. The ud g e for the last team or the team having thc

highest team number would revert to team No. for event No.2, and so on.

foregoing syste.m is generally employed, espeCIally where there IS a scarcity of judges. However, when there is a sufficient number of teams are judged by sub-committees of Judges, composed of two or three members .for .each The progressive system of rotatlI1g Judges IS employed undcr these conditions also.

This progressive method gives more uniform and eliminates the possibility of favouritism bell1g shown to any team.

PROBLE;.\IS.

The problems, usually 10 in number to o- ether with outlines for the correct method ot' wgrking them, are prepared by Bureau of l\Iines officials. !he fO.r guidance of the judges to ll1sure unIformIty 111 discounting. The problems are placed in sealed envelopes, and no person other than the preparing officials are permitted to see them prior to the contest. The followin o- is a typical problem and outline. 0

PROBLEl\I No. 1.

Three (3) minutes will be allowed for reading problem and assembling material.

A patient has the following injuries: Simple fracture of right elbow; compound fracture of left thigh, four (4) inches above the knee, arterial bleeding and bone protruding one (1 ) inch out of the inside of the thigh; dislocated lower jaw; a nd a horizontal cut two (2) inches long on the bottom (arch) of the right foot, spurting bright red blood. The patient is unconscious and suffering from shock during the whole problem. Treat and prepare for transportation. ,Vork time ten (10 ) minutes.

(To be continued.)

---.--. -

The King's Stretcher ... Bearers.

ON the King's own instructions gold sleeve-links bearing his l\Iajesty's monogram have been presented to the four stretcher-bearers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade who carried him between the rooms and the am bulance at the start and finish of the journey to Bognor.

The men are; Supt. P. S. Appleton, Sgt. J. V\!. Claridge, Sgt. E. Howard, and Cpl. "'V. T. Puddifoot. They were summoned to Buckingham Palace, where Colonel Erskine, Crown Equerry to the King, handed them the gifts with a message.

It was the King's own idea that a memento of the occasion should be given. His l\Iajesty gave instructions that the links be made, and afterwards inspected them. They are oval in shape, and of solid gold.

The Austin Am bulance.

ON this page we show external and internal of an "Austin" Ambulance recently to the Medical Department, Lagos" Nlgenaci The external view shows the neat. lll1es an illuminated panel. The intcrnal VIew reveals that the ambulance has two doors at the rear of the body and is not only with stretchers, but also with bed, wash - basLn, etc . Generally the" Austin Twenty" Ambulance

on a municipal authorities, and sets a new am 0 1 t . k d d · the comfort and sec u nty 0 -lerec 0 SIC stan ar 111 and inj ured persons .

Pi o neers of Medicine.

C (18.)'"'9--1906) AND MARIE CUR IE PIERRE URIE

(BORN 1867).

d · lead to a revolution in the pr e- SO:\1E Iscovenes .' vention and treatment of one partlc u lar dIsea se. Others like that of radIUm, open a door an entirely new branch of medicine and the research worker sees new' horizons opening ou t befor e him of which he has hardly dared to dream Perhaps evcn years after Mane first published theIr dIscovery of radIU m -we are only on the thre.shold of the practical application of thIS I?arvello us substance to the cure of dIsease, yet enough has already been learned to confirm and deepen the admiration of all scientists for the devoted work of these two pioneers. . ,

Pierre Curie was born JI1 P ans on May 15th, 1859, and was cducated at the Sorbon nc where he became professor of physics. l!IS wife who was the daughLer of a Po lIsh and whose maiden was :\larie Sklodowska, also studIed at the Sorbonne and took a in science. They were marned 111

March, 1929 . FIRST

1895 and together worked for long years at the Ecole de P lrysz'que et de Clzimz'e in Paris, where they carried out very difficult experimen ts i n an abandoned shed with only the most p ri m Ltlve equipment. Professor Curie at first worked on electricity and magnetism, but the pub l ication of Roentgen's work on X-rays in 1895, followed the next year by the discovery of the phenomenon of radio - activity by the French scientist, Henri Becquerel, attracted thc attention of the Curies to a new branch of study Becquerel, studyin a uranium, had found Lhat it emitted certain which made an im press ion on plates to th at made by light. ThIS property of emIttll1g rays was not affected even when the substance had been kept in darkness for sevcral months . The problem-what particular substance in the uranium produced these rays -ca ptured C;urie's in teres t so completely that she deCIded to gIve up all othe r work on which she was eng1.ged in order to conce ntrate on it. Testing various minerals to find out thei r radio-activity, she discovered that some minerals of uranium, such as pitchblende, were more active than the uranium itself, so she concluded that these minerals must contain small quantities of a substance possessing a very high radio-act ivity Hcr enthusIasm over the search for this new substance bec:me so great that her husband in turn left his research work and joined in hers

We lived in a unique state of preoccupation, as though in a dream."

Radium exists in minute quantities in every kind of soil, but for practical purposes it can be extracted only from certain mineral deposits, such as uranium. The first grammes of radium were obtained from urani te deposits in Bohemia; a part of this radium is now in the charge of the Radium Institute, Vienna. Lower-grade ores were worked in Colorado and other parts of America, but in 1922 rich deposits of uranium ore, containing about 20 times as much radium as the American ore, were found in the Belgian Congo.

The first radium factory was started in France in 1904, and the method of extraction is still essenLially that described b y Madam Curie. The cost of radium is from £15 to £30 per milligramme, and for medical purposes it is usually put up in tubes containing from 1 to 100 milligrammes.

The effect of radium on the human body was discovered accidently in 1901 through Professor Becquerel having incautiously carried a tube in his waistcoat pocket. Fourteen days later he found on his skin a patch of severe inflammation, the famous" Becquerel burn." The action of radium in destroying certain cells has been applied by medical science to the treatment of malignant growth such as cancer, and has brought relief to un to ld sufferers.

is exceptionally well equipped for hospital, police and general ambulance work. It has two stretchers, one above the other, fitted on Carter's patent improved elevator, or other type. to order. There is am pIE accommodatlOn on the other side for nurse or attendant, and four sitting cases; there is a seat for an attendant next to the The interior and roof are painted whIte and the exterior to any choice of colour. Double doors at rear are provided but special bo?ies .are built to order. Frosted or plain wll1dows are built high on bo.d y ,and ventilators. Electnc ltghting Installed, and a speaking tube and medicine with water bottle and glass are Included. An illuminated sign is fitted in the front of the vehicle.

The vehicle, owing to its very economical up-keep, speed and silen.ce, has acquired an excellent reputatlOn Inte rnal view of

Afte r lon g and patient experiments with pitc?blende, the two scientists were able to announce.In July, 1898, tbe discovery of polonium, a radLoactive substance, and in December of the same year their famous discovcry of radium was published over the joint signatures of Pierre and Marie Curie and G. Bemont. Raelium is a metal with radioactive properties, z'.e., it undergoes spontaneous clisinteara tion accom panied by the emission of rays. This gives ita pecul iar importance for scientific purposes and for medical use, and is also one of the causes of its extreme rarity.

Only after anothcr four years of patient research elfd Madame Curie succeed in isolating the first decigram me of pure radium salts. The in g- quotation gives an idea of her absorptIOn lJ1 her wo rk :-

"We were at that time completely a bsorbed by the neW field wh ich ou I' unexpected discovery bad opened up to us. In spite of the adverse conditions under which we were worki ng, we wcre very bappy. We. pas ed clay afteL" day in the laboratory, takll1g our simple meals there, student-fashion. In our bare shed a o-reat sense of reigned; o so metimes, while supervising some operatIon, we would walk to and fro, talking over our work, present and future. If we wcre colcl, a eu p or hot tea by the stove wou Ie! cheer us.

For many years the work of the Curies was hardly recognised, but in 1903 they were awarded the Dav y Medal of the (British) Royal Society, and in the same year the Nobel Prize for Physics was divided between them and Henri Becquerel.

On the tragic death of her husband, who was run over and killed instantl y on April 19th, 1906, Madame Curie succeeded him as Professor of Physic at Sorbon e, and in 1911 she was award.ed Lhe Nobel Cbem istry Prize for her work on radIOactivity. Both the Paris Radium Ins titute and the "\Varsa,,- Rad io-acti vity Laboratory O\ye much to her devoted efforts. During the "\V ar she oro'anised a valuable radiological sen rice in the hospitals, and later she bccame director the Curie L a bora tory in Paris. In 1921 PreSIdent Harding, on behalf of the women of the United States, presented her with a gramme of radium in recoanition of her great services to science. of Red Cross Socz'ehes.

The Junior R ed Cross LinI.;: connected \\,!tl: the l\'e\\-port Pagnel Congregationill Church been oilicially to lllake a portfolio of letters, drawmgs, etc " for at the Int ernationa l Red Cross Conference at Gen,e\'a In next, as a specimen of a good English portfolio, ThiS IS conside r ed to be a great honour to be to the \Y or k of English chi ldr en. There arc ;,1 other CLluntrieS taking part.

When corresponding with advertisers klLldly mention "FI RST A lD."

"AusLin" Ambulance recently s upplied to Nig-eria.

Brigade Dzst1'zct Reports.

No. (P rince of Wales ') District.

MERTON AXD WUIBLEDoN.-The annual meetin g of the 1 o. 17 (l\lerton and 'Wimbledon) St. John Ambulance Brigade was held on lIonday 111 last week, at the Headquarters, lIasonic Hall, 1\Ierton.. In the absence of the Presidcnt, Sir Charles Tyrrell Glles, K.c., M.1\.., D.L., J P., the chair was taken by. Division Surgcon, Dr. E. R. Clarke, supported by DiviSlon Superintendent L. M. Smith and Ambulance Officer C. W. Dunnell.

The meeting was well attended, 35 being present. A letter was received from the pressing his rcgret at his absence under medical adVice. The Divisional Superintendent read his annual report, which stated: During the year, Superintendent J. Mitchell resigned and Sergeant A. P. Riley was placed on the Brigade Rescrve, while nine new members were enrolled, making a net increase of seven. The total strength now was 42.

The personnel on duty numbered 1,667, and 680 persons receiyed treatment locally, whilst a considerable number were treated when on the duties arranged by District Headquarters.

"The financial position was good, the balance standing to the credit of the Division at the close of the year amounting to £70 ISs. lId which includes, however, next year's rent for headquarters, kindly paid by the John Innes Charity

"In conclusion, I desire to record the Division's indebtedness to the President and the Diyisional Surgeon for their loyal support and ready co-operation in our maintenance and general usefulness, and to thank members of all ranks for devotion to their respective d u ties."

WALTBA11sTow.-The funeral of Mr Henry John Alderslade, whose death occurred last month, at the age of 76, at hi residence, 105, Spruce Hill Road, vValthamstow, took place at the Chingford Mount Cemetery He was one of the founders of the \\ althamstow Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. Joining in February, 1899 h e completed thirty years' seryice this month. He earned the Coronation medals of King Edward VII. and King George V., the Service medal and bars and the \Var Service badge of the joint commiltee of the Red Cross Society and Venerable Order of St. John .

The funeral was attended by a detachment of men and ambulance sisters under Corps Supt. S. C. Knight, COl'pS Officer vv. J. Cardo, Divisional Supt. J. Kemp, Lady Diyisional Supt. Mrs. \ iVebb, Lady Ambulance Officer 1\lrs. Firmin and Reserve Lady Corps Officer Mrs. Car?o \nre also present. '-holen, Corporals Shnmplen and Harber, and PriYates 1\Iartin, Good and Cheeseman acted as pall bearers. Corporal J. Randall carried 1\1r. Alderslade's decorations.

N o. 2 District.

BRISTOL.-Thc annual supper and smoking concert of the "Lysaght" Division, S.J.A.B., v,as held on Feb23rd, at the Institute, Bristol. A company of clghty sat dO"'n to an excellent supper provided by 1\Ir. and 1\1rs. an.d St. Instrumental Quarpleas111g selectl.ons d uflng the repast. Supt. Fair (Dn'lslOnal Supt.), preslded, being- supported by Corps Supt. Cotton, M.B.E., Mr. W. H. D. Gladstone (genera l

manager), Amb u lance Officer Hopkins, and the N.C.O. 's of the Diyision Ambulance Officer Hopkins gave a brief resume of the activities of the Division during the past year.

Mr. Gladstone, presenting the certificates, bars, and medallions gained by examination last year, congratulat ed the members on their work, and announced that the directors would continue their support as in the past.

Supt. Cotton, 11.B.E., said he always came to t.he I. Lysaght" Division with great pleasure. As Supen ntendent of the Bristol Corps, he appreciated very mu ch what the big firms of the city were doing for the ambulance moyement by supporting a Division Divisional Supt. 1\1. R. Fair, who ,yas warmly receiyed based his remarks on the eight - pointed cross (th e badge' of. the St. John Ambulance), and explained what ambulance men stood for. He expressed his plcasur e at being in command of the Division, as it was such a happy family.

On the motion of Corporal \ Votton and Corpor al Bryant, a hearty yote of thanks was passed to the artistes, the caterers, and Sergt. Pearce, who had made all the arrangements for the evening. 1\1r. \ Varren and Sergt. Pearce suitably replied.

GLOUCESTER.-On 1\1arch 6th the Gloucester Centre Committee held a dinner at the -Bell Hotel.

The President, T. A. Washbourn, J r., Esq., was supported by H Leslie Boyce, Esq., S. 1\1orris , Esq., ]. A Smithin, Esq , J. \ V. Haines, Esq., 1\lrs Haines , 1\Ir. and 1Irs. T. \V. No:(cott, 1\Ir. and 1\1rs. \ V. A. Fish, 1\1iss Fish, 11r. and 1\1rs. 1\IcT\Iillan, Ii s Mc 1illan Dr. R. L. Hain es, Dr. E. 11. Davey, 1\1. G. Matty, Esq., T. Jackson, Esq., Superintendent to City Brigade, 11rs Jackson, 1\Ir. J. Smith, M1'. and Mrs W. G. Davis, 1\1r. and 1\1rs. A. W. Roach, Mr. and Mrs. W. G. Randall.

There were many apologies received through illn ess and other business preventing their attendance which \\as regretted.

After the loyal toast of "The King," \V. A. Fish, Esq., gave that of their "Chairman and President," to which the Chairman responded and thanked the proposer.

H. Leslie Boyce, Esq., in the absence of the 1\1ayor, proposed the "Gloucester Centre/' and gaye the resu lts of a.mbu1ance examinations and details \vith regard to the Gloucester City Shield. This toast v;as respon ded to by Supt. G. Jackson, who stated that a division of the S.J.A.B. was registered 19/8/04, known as the City of Gloucester Division, and is to-day carrying on its noble work. This division is provided with uniform and equipment by the Gloucester Centre of the S.J.A.A., whose fin:lnces come from the general public by subscriptions and donations. A Nursing Division of the S.J.A.B. was registered 18/4/26, knO\vn as the City of Glouccster St. John Nursing Division, and they work in conj unct ion with the men's division The men's diyision during 1928 held 44 drills and practices, average attendance at each eight. Cases treated on duty 157, cases treated off duty 989 , removal cases 3, total 1,149, Their present h eadquarters are in St John's Lane. All members ha\'e passed their re-examination. The members of both di\'isions give all their time freC'. to make them elves efficient and to be ready for any emergency. Their work is purely voluntary, and well worthy of all public supp ort. This was seconded by Mrs. Roach.

T he company were very ably entertained by Messr s.

March, 1929

F. Trigg and VV. IIawkins, thc 1\1isses D. Leech and 11. Colwell, with 1Ir. C. R. Harris at the piano. )\1r. 11. G. l\Ia tty than keel the artistes for t h t:i r services and musical treat and hc (1.1r. 11. G. Mally) proposed the health of the many ladies present, which was yery ably responded to by 1\Iiss 1\1dlillan. The delightful enning's ente rtainmcnt was brought to a close by the Kational Anthem.

No . 3 District.

LOUGIIBOROUGII.-Six local ambu lancc teams met at Lotlghborough on February 23rcl: to contest the right to ente r the second round for the Dewar Shield.

The main test was to deal with a case of asphyxia after an explosion., including- a compound fracture of the right thigh and arterial bleeding, and it \yas the thoroug hness of dealing with such a patient that gaye \\,igston thc Icad.

The results were: l\Iiclland, 247 point ; Loughhorough ancl Shep hed (tie), 233; Church Gresley, 20 1; L eIcester Y)'l.c.A., 195; L eicester Cit" Club and Instit ut e, 188. -

The examiners were Drs. Rus ell and ),IcLeod and

Br:.\cK I--lE.\TII.-The annual competition in connectl011 \\'1th t h e \yorcestershire Association of the St. John Ambul.ancc Brigade took place last month at the dining hall ot the \\ u1. )'Iessrs. T. \V. Lench, Ltd., at Black IIeath, to deCIde \\hlch team shou ld represent the county III the conte t for the Dewar hiek!.

Dr5: A. Lines (Hockley) and 1Iabcrlcy (Handsworth) .were the examiners, and the competition ended 111 a nctory for the Stourbridge Diyisiol1, who \vere a\yarclec1 209 marks, Ro\\'ley Regis being second with 192 marks, and ),Ial\'Crn third with 182 marks. )'1r: H. Lench prcscnted the County Shield to the Sl1ccessful team, and aftef\\'a rds entertained the three teams to tea.

No. 4 District.

Ambulance and Xursing Diyisions opened theIr new hall 011 aturday, February 23rd. A procession, headed by the Todmorden Band, left the Town Hall at 3 p.m., consisting' of the local diyisions, nursing cadets. old member, rcpresentatiycs from Hebden Brido-e (i\o. 5 District), Bacllp, Xelson, Burnley, Rochdale led by A st.-Commi sioner FO\\'ler Jones. On arnnng at the hall, the cloor was formally opened by

Todmorden A.mbulance Hall.

Asst.-Commissione r G. E. BrO\\'ne, and the latter said that the doctors were \\'(11 plea ed \\'ith the g'eneral efficiency of the competitor, but he regretted some of them misread their questions and llsed \Hong words in answe ring them.

HIXCKLEL-COJ. E. C. Atkin pre 'cnted to the Hinckley branch of the St. John Ambulance A ociaion, of whic h he i' thc president at the anll ual mccting, a hand50me sGlid sil\'Cr challenge bo\\'1 for competition in ambulance 'York, and open to the county of Leicester.

1\11'. S. P. Grimley (hon. secrctary). in his rep ort, that the new motor ambulance had carried 254 cases (5 1 accidents) during the year, and had tra\'cJled 6,000 mile. A scheme for erecting first-aiel boxes at dal)gerous crossings in the Hinckley district was being emharke d upon.

September 7th had been chosen for this year's carniyal, which would be 011 a mammoth scale. The malltliact urers in the to\\'n were Q·jying· assistance. anel the co ming event would proyide a reel day for Hi nckle),.

Dr. J. La\\' on Rus ell. i\1.B., c.i\1., upt. of Chesterfield, and formerly Surgeon and Superintendent of Todmorden, 1903 to 1919. The main hall was soon crowded. Major R. H. Barker, Pre ident, took the chair for the opening spc<.:che ,and upporting him were As t.-Commissioner Fowler J Dr. Ru ell. the Deputy ),Iayor Ald. Gouche, Dr. and :\Irs. Bayley, Yicar of Todmorden, Re\,. ),1. Pallin on. :\1. Supt. Greenwood, Lady. Supt. 1.),1. utcliffe, Amb. Officcr Hal tead and East\\·ood. The secretary read apoloe:ies from se\'eral people, including Col. J. C. Trimble. Commissioner and Dist. Supt., 11rs. T\\ ccdale, both of \\h0111 were absent through illness. Int eresting speeche_ were delivered by Barker, Dr. Ru ell, A t.-C0111mis ioner Fowler Jones, the Deputy 1\Iayor and others.

The hall consists of a main room, t,,·o mall rooms, and clo akrooms on the QTo llml fioor, and two rooms upstairs \\'hich \\'i11 house a comfort depot." In the eyening a crowded \\'hi t driye and dance was held in the Co-operati,'e Hall, at \\'hich onr 300 people paid for admi_ ion.

No. 5 District.

ARlI1LEY AND VVORTLEY -" Efficiency" is the keynote of the Armley and Wortley Division's annual r eport and financial statemen for the year 1928.

" Every member of the Division has now obta111ed by examinations the First Aid Certlficatc} VOllcher} Medallion and Proficicncy Labels of the SL John Ambulance AssociaLion. \V e hayc 17 members wIth flo7lle NlIrsl.H9 Certificates} 15 of \\-hom in the MedalhoH P endants for the same suhject. Agam 9 members. have obtained the S(/1/itation Certificate and rClldant} whde 11 members have passed the required examinations in. the subject of H:J!Jicne} thus qualifying for the HygIene Certificate a nd Pcndant for .same The has the proud distinction of possess111g cvery r;c.rt.lficate obta11lable. For t his \ve are indebted to our DlvlSlOnal Surgeons for their OTeat and valuable assistance, and for theIr lectures the subjects mentioned," thus writes Div. Supt. E. D. Glonr in an open letter to the general public, and w e should like to congratulate this Division on the work that they ha\Oe done during the past year.

BRc\DFORD.-The Ar ea Shield was competed for during February, when teams from Whitwood Co}liery, Castleford, Clayton vVorks (Leeds), Pudsey, Mldland Railw ay (Bradford), Elland, Eccleshill Nos. 1 and 2 Capt. J. E. Rusby (Armley) and Capt. H. A. Eadie (Leeds) judged the contests, the uniform and equipment judge being District Officer A. Robertshaw (Brighouse) The judges announced the results as follows: Whitwood Colliery, 1st; Elland, 2nd; and Clayton Works, 3rd.

BRODS\VORTII. - On the 7th February, the Brodsworth main Ambulance Corps held their supper, during which presentation of awards to members and the honouring of Corps Supt. S. Bunting, who was recently bestowed with the Order of Senoing Brother of St. John of J erusalem. salem, took place.

Divisional Surgeon vVylie, on behalf of the Corps, congratulated Corps Supt. Bunting on the very high honour that had been conferred upon one who had worked hard for the St. John Ambulance cause.

Corps Supt. Bunting, replying, said he was moved by the honour conferred upon him by the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and said it had come largely by reason of the support Irom Brodsworth and of the team spirit which pervaded the l\Iain Corps. He trusted that the spirit of unity would always prevail. He looked to the day whe1": every other man working in a coal pit would b e effiCIent 111 first aid work. If such came about it would be of great benefit to a mining community. Mr. Bunting thanked the members of the Corps for their loyalty to him and said his aim was t.he success of the Brodsworth Corps. He was pleased that the efficiency of the Corps was be ing noted. He appealed to the younger men to support the movement.

Hi\?-''LEy.-!he annual competition for the St. John Ambulance Bfl g-ade (North Staffordshire Area) cup and medals, was held in the Hanley High School on Saturday February 16th .

The competition was run on the same lin es as that for the Dewar Shield. The competing teams were f r om the Adderley Green, Alsager, Cheddleton, Cresswell, Shelton Welfare, Tunstall, and Uttoxeter DIVISlOl1S

One of the Dr. F. R. Oliver, was unable to be present, and It was agreed that the viva voce test be le!t OLlt} the and individua l tests be taken The judg-cs ror the se for the team test, Dr W. S Lynd. and for the mdlvldual test, Dr. R. Crichton P eate L.R.c.P.S., M.R.C.S.

A

I D. March, 19 29.

T h e resu lt was : 1, C r esswell, 226 p oin ts ; 2, Uttoxeter, 20 1 ; 3, She l to n , 170; 4, Al sage r , 158; 5, A d d e rl ey Gr een, 152; 6, T u nstall, 14 1 ; 7, 127 ; 8, F enton, 124.

The maximum number of POll1ts was 30 0.

Before the distribution of t h e awards t h e Commissioner briefly addressed the competitors, and presented service bars to Corps Supt. W Hughes (Stoke), and Ambulance Officer W. Huxley (Uttoxeter), each o£ whom hold the Brigade long service medal.

] he prizes were: 1, cup and gold medals; 2, SlIver medals with gold centres; 3, silver These wer e presented to the successfu l competItors by Mrs. Greenwood.

The catering for refreshments was undertaken by Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. J ervis, was by L a dy Ambulance Officer A. Goodw1l1, the N ursll1g sisters of the Hanley Nursing Divisions.

The Secretarial duties were in the hands of District Officer C. E. Evans . The" patients" were provided by the St. Luke's (Wellington) Troop of Boy Scouts

NOTTINGHAM.-The annual meeting of the Nottingham Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, was helel at. the University College, Shakespeare Street, on February 27th} when Assistant Commissioner A. B. Gibson presided

In the report concerning the Ambulance Divisions , present.ed by Corps Officer Ratcliff, it was shown ther e are ,12 Divisions, comprising 328 officers} non-commissioned officers and privates-an increase of one Corps officer and 56 privates.

In t.he dut.ies performed at the Royal Show, Goose Fair, race track meetings, football matches, etc., a personnel of 1,653 was involved Cases treated numbered 2,907, including 353 at the Royal Show, 103 at the Royal visit, and 238 at Goose Fair. At the Royal Show 1,628 duty hours were vwrked.

The transport section had 2,878 cases-an increase of 264, bringing a grand t.otal since the inauguration in 1923 to 7,908.

Lady Corps Officer Mrs Ratcliff presented the report of the Nursing Divisions, which showed there are eight Divisions, comprising 146 officers, ambulance sisters, etc., an increase of one Division (Basford), one Div i sional surgeon and superintendent, one ambulance officer, and 16 ambulance sisters Cases scheduled numbered 595, and frequently assistance rendered was not recorded, the activities of the members being boundless.

The Lady District Officer (Miss W. Gibson) stated in the medical comforts report t h at the work showed a steady increase. During- the year 412 articles were issued, as against 343 in 1927. Many additions had been made to stock. The depot had received loyal support from all Divisions, and thanks were due to many he lpers. They had had ample proof of the usefulness of the depot, which was now one o£ the recognised medical services of the city.

A satisfactory financial report was also submitted , and this, together with the other reports, were favourably commented ttpon by Assistant-Commissioner Gibson, and unanimously adopted . Assistant-Commissioner Gibson prese nt ed to P te. Lucas, of the Carrington Division, a meda l r ibb on in recognition of 15 years' service of efficiency an d , in congratulating the recipient, said the meda l would be p r esented to h im at the annua l review at We lbeck in June . Fol lowing t h e business meeting, papers of an in structiona l characte r were g-iven to the members by L ady Corps Supt. Mrs. P aling-, Div Supt. F W Mou lds, and Hon Sergt. G Lewendon

R IPLEY - Th e ann u al prize d ist r ibuti o n o f Ri p ley St. J oh n Ambu lance D ivis ion, took p lac e on S a turday, M a rc h

Ma rc h , 19 29 FIRST

2nd, when over 200 membe r s and friends sat down to tea

Mr. H. I-I. Holmes presided at the meeting which followed, assisted 11Y Lt.-Col. H. J. A. Banks, D S O., Mr. \Y. l\1ellor (under manag-er Ripley Colliery), Mr. H H. Shipman (under manager Britain Colliery), 1\1r. C. F Hanbury (secrcLary JIl g her Education Committee), Mr. \V alter ] ackson (uncler manager Ryefield Colliery), and <...;crgt. P. Taylor (Divisional S ec retary).

Lt.-Col. Danks congratulated the Brigade on their successes at Derby anel in the N otts. and Derbys. Collieries Ambulance League. They v.; ere very proud, too, the splendid results attained by students attending ambulance class} 102 members of which had passed out of a possible 105. This reflect.ed great credit on the part of both students and instructors, and he knew he was cOlweyi ng the feeling of Capt. Wright when he wished the Ambulance Brigade ancl classes continued success. The speaker then presented the awards.

]\Ir. Mellor performed a pleasing duty when he presented 1\1r. C. F. Hanbury with a silver cigarette case from members, for services rendered to the class and Div ision. The speaker said he had been connected with l\Ir. Hanbury at mining classes for a number of years alld no one had the work of higher education more deeply at heart.

Acknowledging the gift, l\1r. Hanbury said that although not a member of the Brigade, he had always taken a g:reat interest in ambulance work. He hop ed those \\ ho had gained certificates this year \,"ould C011tinue their attendance at the classes, because in ambulance \I ork it was absolutely essential to keep up to date.

No. 6 District.

BL,\CKIULL.-A \\-his t driye and dance and presentation of lab els, medallions, vouchers, and first certificates \\-as h eld last night in the Co-operatIve Hall, Dlack hall Colliery, under the auspices of the Blackhall Amb ulance Brigade There was a large and representatiYe gathering, \\"hich constituted a record for thIS annual eye nt.

County Councillor E. .manager of Blackhall Co lliery sa id it was very gratIiYll1g to know that the \\'hole of the students who sat the examination had passed, and h e stressed the ne ed, particularly in a mining area, for a knowlec1 o 'e of first aid \\"ork. It was in t he 1l1terests of humanity tl1at they studied and ambulance \York. They al 0 had t\\'o good teams, and in all probability they would be r ecog l11sed thIS year as having the best team in the County. They had CJuahfied fo r the final of the Donald "Rain Shield and C. B. Palmer Bowl.

On h ehal f of the Brigade and class he presented to Dr. Ross, Divisional Surgeon, and Supt. G .. Doxford, Class Sccretary, fountain pens for thclr ser\'lces The latter officer has occupied the post of Class Secretary for 11 years.

DUDLEY .-The Final competition for the "Donald Baia" was helel at the Dudley Town Hall on March 2nd. A competition for junior teams 'was also held.

'The judges were : (Senior) Dr. J. Seaton Delaval, and Dr. Hudson, (jul11or) Dr. D O'Kelly, Dolden, :'1.l1d Dr. F WhItley, Newcastle, and theIr awa rds were as follows:_

1 (Donald Rain S!1ield, L. G: Dillon Cup gold medals)-Brandon Colhcry, 403 2 (CommIttee Cup and silver medals)-Blackhall, 39; P01l1ts; 3 (H. Heath Cup for stretcher work), Bearpark, 3.95 P01l1ts; 4, Dorothea" A," 379 points; 5, Eston, 365 POll1ts; 6, Crooks359 points. .., Junior Event.-l (Elizabeth Bam shlelc! and SlIver

A I D. 233 medals), Eppleton, 2Sn points; 2, Brandon, 240 points; 3, [2erwent, 238 points.

The trophies and medals were presented by Sir Hugh Bell.

HULL -Reference to the splendid work of the St. John Ambulance Brigade was made by the Sheriff (Dr. T. Ritchie Rodger) at a concert held oy the Paragon Division of the Hull Corps in the York Rooms on Saturday, February 23rcl.

l\1r. R. Ritchi e (stationmaster, Paragon Station) was in the chair, and he was supported in addition to the Sheriff by Divisional Supt. A. O. Sayner, l\1r. W. T. Atkinson (District Officer), 11r. A. Stead (chairman of the Hull District, L.N.E.R. centre), and Dr. D ean.

Presenting a fountain pen and t estimonia l to Dr. Dean (Lect ur e r in first aid and hom e nursing) subscribed to by the members, Dr. Rodger said the success of Dr. Dean's efforts were prov ed by the fact that all his pupils passed their examination.

Responding, Dr. Dean declared that it had been a pleasure to devote his Sunday mornings to the teaching of the clas

A presentation of a tea senice and testimonial also were made to Mrs. L e Grove} v"ho acted as demonstrator in the home nursing class.

SUXDERL\KD.-Horden Colliery \\"ere winners of the Coroner Graham County of Durham Challenge Shield, the final of which was decided on Saturday at Sunderland by St. John Ambulanc e Brigade teams from various parts of Durham County. Horden Colliery scored 309 points, the runners-up l\1urton Colliery, 301, Tyne Dock, 282, Crookhall, 262, and last year's hold e r s, Brandon Colliery, 255.

The trophy was handed over to the winners by 1\Irs. Smith, 1\1ayoress of Darlington, who was accompanied by the of Darlington, Councilior J. F. J. Smith. Th e nonagenarian Coroner Graham, donor of the Shield, presid ed at the presentation, and said it was yery creditable to workmen in the staple industry of the county (the members of both first and second teams are \y orking miners) that the trophy during the four years it had been open for competition had always been \\"on by men employed in the mines

No. 9 District.

TEWTOX ABBoT.--l\1r. Harold G. Michelmore, the popular president of the Newton Abbot St. John Ambulance Brigade, entertained the membe.rs to at the Ambulance Hall last month, the functlOn be111g most successful and enj oyable.

There was no toast list and immediately following the dinner those present, also at Mr. l\1ichelmore's invitation, attended the Jewton Abbot Amateur OperatIc Society's performance of "Miss Hook of Holland" at at Alexandra Theatre.

Tonms.-Members of Totnes St. John Ambulance Division on February 13th competed for the Bowes and Kendall Cup. Drs. F VV. Style S. R. vVilliams (Divisional Surgeon) \\"ere the exam111ers, and .the test set was to deal with a fractured collar-bone and left elbow. The competitors were complimented on their work.

The Mayor (1\1r. J. N. Powney) handed the Bowes Cnp to Pte. -'V. H. Deeks, the runner-up being Pte. F. Osborne; and the Kendall Cup to Pte. D . Todd, the runner-up being Pte. R. Jones.

No. 10 District.

BEccLEs. The annual meeting of the Beccles Division was he1el at the Y.M C.A., Dr. C. T. Helsham

FIRST

(Divisional Surgeon) presided. The Secretary reported 1hat all members hac! passed their examinations and the of-ficcrs and men of thc Division numbered 17. They had a most efficient Cadet Section \\' hich shou lel, in due course, becomc a splendid recruiting ground for the seniors.

In all, 36 persons had bcen given first aidby membcrs; 10 pcrsons were removed by litter to the hospItal or homes, and thc Lowcstoft ambulance car had been accompa111cd by mcmbcrs 011 eight occasions it had been called to Bccc1es. Members had attended -+0 football matches during the year, and had clone a considerable amount of road patrol duty during the summer months and Easter, 'Whitsun and August holiday periods.

CUCTON.-Thc annual meeting of the Clacton Division was held on Tuesday, March 5th, when a year of yaluable work was reported, Dr. J. Coxhead Cook presided, supportcd by Supt. \V. D. Porter) ::\Ir. J. R. lIuQbard (lIon. Secretary), 11r. J. C. Chceld (Transport Officer), and others.

Dr. Cook rcviewcd the work of the year, and congratulated thc members on their smartness anel efficiency as well as on the financial position of the Division. Thc am bulance had been working well since the improvements had been cffccted. Their numbers were two fewer, but therc ,, cre six new members. The cadets were a smartlooking corps, and an asset to the Brigade. He trusted the Division "\\ ould go on and give a lead to others. (Applause.) The doctor also complimented Supt. Porter and the officer, the Superintendent haying been 25 years in the work.

Supt. Porter said that the work had been carried out sllccessfully, the transport work having been very heavy. The first aiel station on thc Front had been well maintai.ned from July to the end of September, many cases treated. lIe expressed appreciation of the help recen-cd from the V.A.D. nurses.

The Chai r111a11 presented certificates, medallions ancl labels, and it was dccided to make a levy of 1s. per member to be sent to thc district headquarters.

DERErr.\1f.-The distribution of certificates ancl other a\\'arc1s secured in the annual examination of the Dereham Di \ isioll took place 011 Monday, ::\larch 4th, at a social and .dance held in the Infant School, Dereham. Dancc musIc for the e"\Tnt was pro"\ ided by the Diamond Dance and entertaining items \yere giyen during the eyenII1g by :'II r. Sycl. Lemmon, ::\11'. Buster 1\ ewell, and Supt. C. B. Andrc\\'s, of Fakenham.

The awards were distributed by 1\Irs. J. K. Howlett.

In Mrs. lIo\\lctt, :Mr. H. \V. Fox, who preSIded, p0111ted out that they were indebted to her for other gracIOus act?, she had taken a lively interest in the \\ 'ork ever It ,, -as started in Dereham.

_ The Dn'lslonal Secrctary (Mr. VV, C. Pryke) said 1\11 s. Hmdctt "\\'a not only always ready to help them hut to spare t.he .doctor to teach them. He took the tll_ll.lty .of. pub!Jcly thanking her .for so successfully 01 gal11S111g a dance recenth', by "hlch their funds were hy. £10; and he also tha!lked the Dereham DramatIc for a £20 share of the procecds of their recent product1On.

ORWELL.-At thc invitation of the directors of 11:s,5rs. Ransomc:s, Sil1:S, and JcfEeries, members of the \'. e!l 'iVorks ! Irst AId Organisation amI Ambulance and !Dends as?emblecl at thc CrO\\,11 and Anchor .otel, on Fnday eVe11ll1g, l\Iarch 8th for tllel'l" an I (III " "'I" F k A .' nua mel." 1\ [. ran vton preslde(1 alld l' I I, "was lmmec late y supportcc ,by .sevcral of the head of departments.

;', The. the toast of "Thc Orwell \i\Torks st AIel. OrganIsatIOn and Al11hl1lance Diyision." H ",;lld lInt 111 one respect that gathering was unique.

A I D. March, 1929 .

previous occasions the firm, in order to mark their appreciation of the vuluntary services of certain of el11ployecs in first aid work in the works, cont.ributed towarcls the expense of the annual ,dinner, hut this year the directors felt they woulet like to show t.heir apprcciation to an l'\'en greater extent hy cntcrtaining the 111cmhcrs as thcir guests. The directors yery much valued the seryices they so efficiently rendered, and they were proud of the Ambulance Diyision and t.he high place they occupied for smartness, ability. and efficiency in the S1. John organisation. [Juring the year the)' hael had more cases than during the preyiOllS year) 5,500 inj uries of all kinds being attcndcd to.

The toast of "The Visitors and Artistes" was proposed hy ::\1r. G, J. OfCord. and responded to by District Officer F, C. N ethercoat and ]\[r. Cyril Culling' fa reI.

During- the cYclling a capital was provided by 1\1r. Cyril Culling-ford. 1\1r. J. Connell, 1\1r. H. Card. 1\1r. P. Edward,>, l\Ir. F. Pryke, and 1\11'. A. B. Pullard, the lattcr acting as accompanist.

Priory for Wales.

PRIKCE'S TRIBUTE TO P AST YE , \R'S \VORK.

\Varm tribute to the sen -ices of the Priory for \Vales was paid by the Prior, IIis Royal Highness the Prince of \Vales, in a letter to the Sub-Prior, the .Right Hon. Lord Kylsant, G.C.l\I.G., who preslded .at the annual St. David's Dar meetings at the Clty Hall, Cardiff, on Friday, 1st larch. There was a distinguished gathering at Grand Committee including of Chapter and the slanding Committees al1d delegates from County in \Vales and l\Ionmouthshire. His Royal Highness wrote :-

SL James's Palace, S \\'.1. 21st February, 1929,

DE \[{ LORD KYLS,\:-\f, IIad permiUed, it would hm -e arforded me great pleasure to preside on St. Dm 'id 's Day at the .\nnual l\Ieeting of the Priol"y for \Yales, as I should ha\'e \\'ekol1ledthat. opportunity Jlersonally to thank those responsible for the g"ood work carried on the sen' ices gi\'en by 'the Priory's tlon towards mitigating the distress in the mining area.

. I am fully aware of the great need that ul1Lloubtcdly eXIsts for organised efTort to amelil)ratc the conditions that pre\'ail in some parb, and, as Prior, 1 am glad t o that. the Priory for \iVales is doing its utmost t o mlllister to the needs of the sick and destitute.

Ambulance Brigade Halls han; been placed at the dIsposal of the Authorities as DeplHs where clothing may be sent. and distributed. The Medical Comforts DepOts are kept open continua11y to enable medical requisites to be obtained for any in which there is and the Priory Nurses are assisti ng the District :,nd Nurses in tl1eir work, and organising sc\\'1I1g partles to make garments, as they did in the Great \Var.

T am abo gratified thal the l\lotor ,\l1lbulanc e Transp()lt Sen in.: maintains its eilicicilt standard and is extending the sphere of acti\'ities, and I \\'ould appeal Lo :,ll employers of labour in the Principality to gi\'c t.hell- support to this scheme.

I h<1.\'e followed with mllch interest the Reports of the many branches of the work of the Priory, and would

March, 1929. FIRST

ask those who are concerned for the general "welfare of the people. and the relief of the suffering in \Vales to support thiS. bene\'olC'nl organisat.ion, and enable it not only to contlllue, but to extend its much-needed activities to all rlilrLs of the Principalitr.

Belie\"e Tme,'\ ours slncclTly (Signed)' , EDWARD P.

The mcmbers of Chapter in lheir black robes with the eight-poi n led white cross on the left shoulder and wcari ng thc badge, presen led a picsccne when they mct at noon. In the una VOidable of the Chaplai n, His Grace the Lord Archblshop of \Valcs, the Vicar of Cardiff, the Rcv. Canon Jones Powell, D. D., orficiated.

NKW ApPOI;\lT;\IE:\,TS.

· The proc.eedings of Chapter were conducted in pn\'ate, bUl lt was officially announced that the Rt. Viscount Tredcgar, C.B.E., had been apPoll:ted Almoner for \Vales, subject to the COIlfirmatlOn of H.R. H. the Prior. Col.. Sir Armstrong Jones, C. B. E., :\I.rD., Slr DaVid R. Llewellyn, Bart., and Col. E. J. frevor Cory, O.B.E., were elecled to fill vacancies on Chapter.

· J. l\1acLeod Carey, His Majesty's Inspector of l\lines; 1\11'. D. Llewellyn \" dltams, medical member, \Velsh Board of lIealth; Capt. \V. H. C. Llewellyn, Bridgend, :\Irs. Gerald B rLlce, 1\1 rs. Corneli us Griffiths and Dr. Edgar Llewellyn were appointed members of the Ambulancc Committee; and :\lajor A. \V. A.nderson, :\1. B., and :\J r. Stuart :\Iartin, of the FlI1ance Committee.

The nomination of :\1r. \Villiam Lle,vellyn as Presi_dent of lhe Borough of l\Ierthyr Tycifil Ccntre, ll1 place of the lale Lord Buckland of Bwlch was unanimously approvcd.

Viscount Trec.1egar presenLed an account of Almonry ,,'ork and :\[r. Ed\\·arc.1 L. Hann, his hrst report as Registrar for \Vales.

GUESTS AT LC:'\CIIEON.

· At lhc close of Chapter, Lord Kylsant, entertained the members to luncheon at the Park IIotel Cardi fe, and lhe guests included the Rt. Hon. Lord l\Iayor of Cardiff (\ldcrman. \V. H. \VilIiams), the Hon. the Earl of Plymouth, the Rl. lIon. Viscount Tredegar, C.B.E., the Rt. I.Ion. Thomas Richards, P.C., Sir Leolin Forestler-Walker, K.B.E., l\I.P., Sir John Beynon, Bart., C:B.E., Col. Sir J. A. Bradney, C . B . , T . D., D. L , Slr IIerbert D. \V. Lewis, K. B. E. (Principal Secretary and Commissioner [or \Vales), the Rt. Rev. the Lord Bishop of Llandaff, Sir H'enn \Vebb, Bart., Col. Sir Robert Armstrono--J ones C.B.E., F.R.C.P., Sir David gan, Bt., \Vi lliam Diamond, Sir Illtyd Thomas, rs.. of Iackintosh, C. B . E., Sir LewlS Lougher, l\1.P., James A. v\Tilson, Esq.,

O:B.E. (Chief Constable, Cardiff), Capt. Lionel Lll1dsay, l\l.V . O. (Chief Constable Glamoro-an) Ald. Evan Dummer (:\Iayor of PO:l Talbott

Canon Jones Powell, D.D., the Rev. \Villlam Sanders (Chairman, Glamoro-an County the R. ]. Rees, (President, Cardiff Free Church Council), Col. H. E. l\I. Lindsay, C . B., Col. D.' Hepburn, C.:\I.G., :\I.D., \V. Bickerton Edwards, C.B.E., E. J. Trevor Cory, O.B. E., Lieut.Col. F. T. Rees, 1\1. C.; Licul.-Col. Thomas :\1.D., Professor E. L. Collis, :\1.D., Slr W ililam Davies, Professor GeorO"e Knox Daniel Daniel, Hugh :\1. Inglede\\,: Esq., Edmund L. IIann, Esq., Dr. R. J. Smith, O.B.E. (City Coroner),. Capt. J. :\IcLeod Carey (H.:\1. Inspector of :\I1I1es), Dr. D. \Villiams (:Velsh Board of Hcalth), L. Lang Coath, Esq. (fown Clerk, Swansea), W. ;'\1. Llewellyn, Esq. (Aberdare), Dr. S. Glanville :\Iorris (:\Iardy), Dr. Urban (Swansea), Dr. D. Rocyn Jones, C: B. E. Officer of Health, I\ ewport), \V. Esq. (High-Sheriff Elect, Glamorgan), Esq., A. G. Brmvn, Esq., Fl11lay A. Glbson, Esq., J. Picton James, Esq., Trlomas Evans, Esq., C.B.E., E. R. Appleton, Esq., P. C. Osborne Sheppard, Esq., \iV. Johnson, Esq., :\1.E., R. \Vilson Bartlett, Esq. (A"e"-port), A. G. E. J. Fudge Captain Taliesin E. Richards, J ohl1 Grimes, Esq. (Cardiff), Evan D. Jones: Esq. (Llanelly), T. Edgar Smith, Esq. (Cardiff), J. J. Dunlop, Esq. (Cardiff), F. :\J. \Vitzel, Esq., Robert \Yebber, Esq., H. H. Ellis, Esq. (Lord :\[a)Tor's SecretanT), F. G. \Vainwrio-ht E - b sq.

LORD :\L\YOR'S \VELCO:\IE.

The Lord :\layor of Cardiff, Alderman \\T. R. \ \Tilliams, at the meeting of Grand Committee in the afternoon, said he was delighted to "welcome the members in the name of the cilizens of Cardiff and hoped every blessing would attend their deliberations and so enable them to extend the work for the benefit of the people in the Principality. He had, as a railway man, been in close touch for many years with the Order and thc Great \\Testern Railway Company with which he was associated had issued 637 gold medals to those employees who bad proved themselves efficient for fifteen years; 273 for t\yenty years, and 70 for twentr-fiYe, which he considereel spoke volumes for this work of ambulance. It must be a great comfort to the people and an asset to the community to have a large percen tage of the railway cmployees, mem bers of the Police Forces, firemen, members of the ::\Ierchant S n'ice, crews of fishing tra\rlers and those con nected wi th collieries and works holding a certificate of St. John. He was proud the Headquarters of this the most ancient Order of Chivalry in existence was in Cardift" and he \\-as also glad to

think that men of St. John had been selected to assist in the removal of His the K ing to Bognor.Before proceeding, it 'was resolved to send to His the King, the Sovereign Head of the Order, the greetings of the Priory and its ferven t hopes for His :\Iajesty's restoration to complete health

SCB-PRIOR'S

Lord Kylsant reviewed the past year's work

His Lordship thought the reports of the Executive Officers would demonstrate the im portan t place the Priory held in \Yelsh Nat.ional life, not only as a medical educative body, but as an organisation for the practical amelioration of suffering.

In spite of the general depression prevailing throughout the greater part of the sphere of the Priory'S operations, a considerable increase was effected in every branch of its activity They had trained nearly twelve thousand students in the ambulance classes, just seven hundred more than in the previous year. Public Authorities had been induced, through the influence of the Priory, to recognise the value and importance of this training and to afford every possible means of encouraging individuals to obtain it for themselves. In this connection, a Bill, drafted in consultation with the Order of St. John, was recently presented to the House of Commons to regulate first aid equipment on public service vehicles . Another important matter was the proposed new regulations dealing with first aid work in mines, which it is ilOped will shortly be put in to operation . The inauguration of the Police National First Aid Competition, organised by the Order of St. John with the approval of the Home Office, was in his opinion, an event of the past year that would have a beneficial effect on the public .

The membership of the Brigade had risen from 5,000 in 1920 to 8,889 in 1928, and over 500 additional men and women were trained and enrolled into its ranks during the past year.

The provision of ambulance transport for the coalfield had, he said, been carried out with considerable difficulty owing to the changed conditions affecting a number of regular subscribers The usefulness of the service was becoming more extensively recognised among the workmen, of whom sixty-four Lodges were subscribing; it had ?een officially recognised by the Home Office, and It was anticipated that increasing support would be forthcoming in the near future from t.he Mines Department. During the year 4,500 cases were carried and the cars covered a total mileage of 93,400.

He was glad to think the ledical Comforts Depots were giving increasingly valuable services, which would be shown by the report of Mrs . Macintosh of Mackintosh. He hoped that, in the interests of suffering humanity, genero us - m i nded

1929.

people, in disposing of thei r money, would not be unmindful of the Priory.

REPORTS OF DEPARTMENTS.

The financial position was explained by Col. David Hepburn, C.M G., ALD., in the absence of Col. Sir \iVatkin V!illiams-\iVynn, Bart., C.B. Sir Leolin Forestier-\iV alker made a report on the Ambulance Department, and Mrs. Mackintosh, who has devoted herself to the Almonry work of the Priory, gave some interesting deta il s of the l\Iedical Comforts Depot. During the year 5,421 articles had been distributed, and comfort thus taken into over 5,000 homes where there was suffering.

The Principal Secretary, Sir Herbert D . \iV. Lewis, in summing up, referred to matters which had been overlooked by the various speakers, thanked the staff at Priory House for the assist.ance given him, praised the officers and members of the Brigade for the loyal and efficient manner in ,,,hich they had carried out his directions, and expressed gratitude to the 500 medical men in \\T ales giving their services to the Brigade, instructing ambulance classes and adjudicating at their competitions.

The Sub-Prior presented Vellum Votes of Thanks, awarded by Chapter- General, to the following :Lieut.-Col. Thomas Wallace, M.D., Carcliff.

l\Ir. James A. Darlington, Chirk, 1\orth Wales.

l\Irs. Dora Nelms, PontypooJ.

Mr. Harold T. Dennis, Griffithstown.

M r. John Richards, 0J eath.

Mr. G. W. Hopkins, Neath.

A Priory Vote of Thanks was awarded to :Mrs. N. Alexander, Whitchurch.

TIlE QUEEN'S THANKS

The following t.elegram from Craigweil House, Bognor, was received at the Cardiff City Hall on Friday evening, addressed to Lord Kylsant.

"The Queen asks you to thank the officers and mem bers of the Priory of Wales for their loyal greetings and good wishes, which will be much appreciated by the King. (Signed) Private Secretary."

All examinations of the St. John Ambulance Brigad e on and after January 1st, 1930, will be conducted on the 38th edition of the Textbook.

A story of a collier \vho lived for se\'en years with [t broken spine was told at the i ngucst on David Abnar Jone s, forly-eight, of Cal-way, near L1anelly. It was revealed that Jones was caught by pit trams in 1922 and sustained a fractured spine. He was discharged from ho pital after eight weeks as a hopeless case.

O u r N urs es ' P ages.

COMPILED B Y A MB ULANCE SISTER.

· The leLter, which I appreciate very much has Ju:t been received. The photograph of the team on tIus pag-e

" Dear Ambulance Sister,-

"!his :s just a wee letter to let you know ho\.\- much we appreclate Our urses' Pages.' We all agree that they are A.1.

· are of lhe Iiddlesbrough Central ursIng Dl\'lsLon which at present is not \'ery large ltl I some of us are very keen. < a 10Ug 1

" Fi\'e of us ba\'e formed oursel\'es into a team and every Wednesday meet for practice at one of the local hospitals.

'!"e have two Inslructors, and when one is working the other IS al ways ready to take us. Just at present practices 11a \ e upset through the innuenza epidemIC. Y Je are all fearfully keen on s tre.tcher dnll, and can hardly get enough of Lt. far we have only entered for one competItIon, and on that occasion came in second. We. eagerly looking forward to more competttlOns, but unfortunately there do. not eem to be many within easy reach of Mlddle.sbrough. Perhaps if you know of any rou will be good enough to publish them on Our Nurses' Pages.'

"We enclose a photo of the fi \'e of us with our two instructol-s, Amb. Officer J. :'IIcArthur and Pte. ]. Espin.

"Now we will close, wi hing 'Our , Pages' the yery best of luck - \Ve remall1, Fi,'e First Aiders, Middlesbrough. "

At the present moment I do not know of any competitions for which you could enter, letter having arrived just as we are gOll1g to Press. But I will endeavour to find out what is going on in your district. Isn't there a Division near you that your Superint e ndent could challenge to a duel? It is s uch a pity that there should be nothin o for vou \\'hen you arc ob:'iously spoiling for a fig·ht. Remen{ber, First Place next time!

c,\MBRlDGESI][RE.-This Branch of the British Red Cross Society have lost a valued friend by the death of [rs. on U:e .J.th March through illness, the result of a motonng accldent.

In 1910 she became Hon. Secretmy of the Camhs. Branch, from then onwards working very hard for the cause she had at heart. S.he will be greatly missed by the Society, and sympathy ot all goes out to her daughter-herself at one tune a V. A D. COlDlTl.anclant-in her sudden bereavement.

· TIlE HAMPSllrRE BR r\ 'ell of the B. R. C. Society for ome tune has done valuable work at Orthopa.dic Clinics in the county. On 23rd Feb. acompetition 'HlS held between team of V.A.D. workers at the clinics at Alder hol-FarnborollCTh and Hc:rtley Witney, test set being in orthopredic work. Hartley Wltney \\:ere the winners of the trophy, the "Calthorpe j, Cup, whIch was presented to them by the Hon. i\lr. An trllther Gough Calthorpe.

of the S.].A B. in E a :\nglia will J?ln wLth us 111 congratulating Lady Corps Officer i\l's E: M. on being received into the Order as a SLster. SlIlce 1908 she has not missed one drill or and frOl:1 the date. of the inauguration of the Comfort Depot at of which she is Lady Supt. in Charge, she has cons:dered It alI:10st a to be late or absent from the Depot for one Single even1l1g. A wonderful record!

Waldegraye, the Pre s ident of the Somerset Branch of the B. R. C. Society, states in her annual that the work of the branch is slowly buL sure ly impI 0\ mg. On December 31st, 1928, lhe lolal strengtll (m e n and women) was 908. There ne, er was a time when th e trained V. ,\. D. could be more useful, but funds \\'ere not so large as they would like.

A 1edical Supply Depot had been opened at Yeoyil,and others were to be opened at Bath and Bruton. A branch of 1:lood tran fusion sen-ice had been tarted at Bath. ApplicatLons for a donor could be made, night or clar, to Dr. E. \\T \Vitham, Glen Avon, Sion-road, Bath.

KETTERIl'\G.-The Tursing Di\ isions of the Kettering Corps, S.].A.B., held their annual comp e tition on 23rd Feb. Six teams competed, the Shield (rresented the Clothing Co-operati"e Society) being \\'on by the He a dquarters Division. A team from Cytringans Di,·i iOIl \"as placed second, gaining the Vase presented by Mrs. T. N. Bird.

is endcm' ollring to reform its V \.D. under Commandant Dr. E. l\IcInto h, and for this purpose the Red Cross Society is gi\ ing a serie of six First .\id lecture at the Friends' Schoolroolll. The fir t of the e were gi\-en on the 19th ult, and, judging by the attendance, the detachment should oon be in a flourishing condition.

PERTlfSIllRE Branch of the B. R.C. Society held its

FIRST 't LI e Lesser City IIall on February ann u al C0J11petJ 1011 In 1 '1 b . 0' xe 23rd. Se\'en teams were presel:t, three ot lers elllt:> I\'ented from competing owing to tJInes ". ( db. the The winners ot the Challenge Cup prcsente )) P 'd tHe' Gr'ace the Duchess of .\tholl, ;\LP. was reSl en C t 1 . Perth V.A. D., \\'ho will now compete for thea ec Ollian Shield open to Scottish Detachments.

N 5 DlSTRICT S.J .A.B.-The annual insp,ection of o. ' . ' l' D' t" t f the E Area the Nursing Dlvls1Ol1S of llS IS IlC a of the West Riding of Yorkshire took place on 2nd, at the Mansion House, Doncaster. Among those pt (sen: were the Commissioner) 1\1r. S. 'vV ,1\1alk1l1'OA ffi sst. missioner H. C. El c) and Lady Dlstnct cer 1 IS. Pickering, 1 t' CI' t' ,,,ho Lady Perrott, the Lady Supermtenc en -111- lie, carried out the inspect1Ol1) was welcomed by the l\layOl of Doncaster, l\Ir. R. II. Hep,Yorth. ,,' b

Demonstrations in ambulance work weI e given y various teams) and there was a grand march , At the conclusion Lady Perrott congratulated the Dlvls10ns on their efficiency. "

In proposing a ,,?te. of thanks Lady Super dent-in-Chief Comnllss1Oner I\lalkm that the Dlstnct now 11) 18 members, an lllcrease of over 500 on the year.

VISIT TO TIlE LONDON HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL.-

On Saturday, February 16th, the members of the Ham East Ham) Barking and Dagenham N ursll1g paid a visit to the School of. Anatomy at the London Hospital Medical Schoot and lIstened to a mo.st instructive and educating lecture from Staff Sergt. Harns. l\Iany specimens were shown to the members) and after the lecture they visited the museum.

Officers and members in charge of I?lvlslOns would be well advised to avail themselves of thl? great opportunity, and to write to Staff Sergt. Harns) who would always be pleased to fix up a date.

A LETTER FRmr A NORTH OF ENGLAND AMBULANCE SISTER.-" We are studying the Home Nursing Book for Competition purposes, and are struck With the in infant feeding taught there and what we are taught 111 the infant clinics.

"Do you know if the Home Nursing I\lanual is revised and brought up-to-date ? We have new FIrst Aid book but we think that the IIome N ursmg Manual is far in need of revision."

(Sorry I can give you as to whether the Home Nursing' Manual IS to be revIsed or not. I suggest that you \vrite to Headquarters about it. Y' au must know the contents of the book for the CompetltlOn, but in practice I submit that you carry out the teaching of the 'vVelfare Clinic. Best wishes for success in your Competition.)

FIRST AID IN FACTORIES.-A leading Daily Newspaper has recently written an article on what it describes as a new vocation for women) that of attending to the physical well-being of those engaged in factories and large stores. The necessary qualifications for such a post appear to be a good knowledge of first aid) at least some hospital experience, a knowledge of the Pactory Acts, and plenty of tact and sympathy.

Although many large 'vorkshops to-day have their own first-aid room in charge of a qualified person, a great number of employers have still to discover that this makes for true economy . In many factories, if there is a firstaider on the staff, he or she is called to any serious case, hut not always before damage is clone by someone else. Not long ago the employees of a factory in the City of London were at lunch in their canteen. A terrific gust

f I 'bl Ollt a hro'e window pane which was encased o W111<. e\\ < C t:> d lId ' ] t rOI)l)ecl about two feet, an anc e all III rusty II on. u < "1 1 fi tthe head of a gIrl) mak1l1g. a large gash. 11e on y. .rs o aider was herself at lunch 111 another. par.t d not wishin o to disturb her) a bra111Y pouIed of colctwater over the poor girl's heacl 111 order to slop the bleeding! K aturally) she collapsecl. first-aidcr was hastily summoned, and had to do a fall amount of cleansing before she, could even loca.te the wound Hence there was delay 111 gettll1g the patIent to hospital.

Every factory must now proyicle a first-ald. box f?r ncry 150 employees. The e boxes are nom1l1ally 111 charge of a specified person" but where) .as so often happens, he or she is not q uahfiecl, there IS a to allow stores to run out) or wrappers tQ be tOIl1 off and dre sin o' s to become soiled. If an <!-c9 dent. h<,tppens, the dressing' a r required is mIssmg or no: in a sterile conchtlOn It 1 so necessal y to have someone in charge who understands the work

A few days ago I paid a visit to the first-aId room of a large factory in the City of London. The room itself was not large, but was spotlessly clean. The walls and doors were enamclled white. (\ large ':Vll1dow at on e end let in plenty of and and alL Hot-water pipcs and an electnc lire prOVIded warmtl:, whIle an electric fan ,,'as there if needed. On one SIde of .the room a stretcher made an emergency bed, round vv:hlch, privacy was desired) a screen hung WIth whIte curta1l1 S could be placed. At the head of the bed. was a desk which was a book for recordmg the hIstory of cas es treated, while nearby was a. basin fitted WIth for washing hands. OpPOSIte was a table .on wet e placed bowls and dishes) a of dressmgs, a tray of instruments covered :vI,th a cloth, and a thermometer in a glass conta1l11l1g dlsll1fectanl. A cupboard held a supply of bandages and stores) and o n shelves above the table was a of bottles containing the drugs known to all first-alders, a most suitable room for the purpose) and preSIded over by a competent woman member of Nurse, as she is called) has a busy tIme from 8 to 11 a.m. There are constantly redressings to be done) tations to put 011) treatmcnt to .be out accordmg to the ll1struct1Ons of the pallent sown eloctor. Anyone who is unwell must report to. her befor e permission is o'iven to 0'0 home. Just lately, WIth so much influcnza many t:> employees have come to room to haye their temperatures) pulses and respnatlOn s. taken and to receive the ad vice, "Home to bcd, and call in yo'ur panel doctor." A patient who ignores Nurs e s advice or instructions can expect no sympathy from th e directors of the company.

A glance at the case book revealed some ll1terestll1 g' first-aid work accomplished. It ought to be stated th at there is a doctor within a very short distance) and tha t nothin o but first-aid work is done hy the nurse unle ss she is under a doctor's instructions. Anything of a serious nature is sent to hospital.

The follov,"ing cases treated in the last week or tw o might be of interest to rcaders.

A boy, while skating during the week-end, fell on the ice and badly cut his head. He was taken to ho spital, where the wound was stitched and dressed. A day or so after) it was very painful) and he reported to the first-aid room. It was found that the wound had broken upen, sepsis having set in Putting on a Nurse sent him back to the hospital) reCelVll1g ll1stru ctions to continue the fomentations and later to appl y eusol.

The following case shows how doctors' instructiops arc often misunderstood. A man reported to 1:-J u rse WIth a septic finger. She sent him to his eloctor) who opened

March, 1929. FIR S T

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMB E R.

EDlTORIALOur Voluntary IIospitals 225

The Hospitallcrs' Club 226

Ho\\' the United States Bureau of Mines Conducts its National or International First Aid Contests

Pioneers

BRIGADE DISTIUCT REPORTS No.1 (Prince of Wales) ; No.2 No.3; No.4No.5 No 6; No.9; No, 10

Priory for Wales

Our 1\ urses' Pages

Na tional Police Ambulance Competition

Detailed Marking Sheet No 12

RAILWAY AMBULANCEGreat Western London and orth-Eastern Southern London, Midland and Scottish Red Cross Branch 1\ c\\'s

O u ERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS"" Treatment of Dirty vVounds ... '"

Exan"lination Howler

Transport with Fractured Thigh Fracture of Patella Re\'ie\\' of Tcxtbook

A I D. 239

The next case \\ as a very serious one. A dispenser \\ !10 was, receiYing medical treatment) placed her u1 meclIcll1e 011 a shelf where she was working. The hour for taking it arrived) and, 'while talking, she lifted dOl'"n a bottle, measured out a dose, and drank it. Its taste told her that something was amiss. One glance at the shelf, and she saw that she had taken nux vomica (strychnine) by mistake. Terrified, she rushed down to thc first-aid room, and explained what she had done. Her neck and face were a dull purple, and the muscles of her neck and j a IV were beginning to be convulsed. Having sat her clown and sent for the doctor, Nurse hastily mixed an emetic of salt and warm water and got that down, trYll1g to soothe the poor frightened creature as best she could. Artificial respiration had to be resorted to-no light task in a case of this sort-but repeated glasses of alt and water emptIed the stomach of the poison, and after t,,: o hours of unceasing labour the doctor pronounced the patIent out of danger, and prescribed rest and sleep, (Nurse felt that she herself also needed a rest.)

Another ca se of poisoning followed a few days later, an suicide. A illy girl, yery dissatIsfied 'nth her Joh) had a good drink from a bottle of disinf e ctant which was used by the cleaners. Luckily she \\ as seen in the act) and learned "hat a nasty mixture Epsom salts and \yarm milk is to take. She was sent to hospital, "'here she ,, as kept under obseryation for t\\'Cnty-fonr hours. 'Cnfortunately the girl's forewoman was guilt y of meddlesome first-aid. She realised that it was necessary to act quickly, and as the first-aid room was some dislance from the department, she gaye the paLIcnt a glass of salt and water before taking her along. Luckily it had no effect.

An interesting case \"as that of a boy who dropped a bottle of ammonia, some of which splashed up in his eye. Nurse washed the eye with vinegar and water, and afterwards ,,-ith plenty of distilled water.

The aboyc will gi,Te some indication of the ,vork \\'hich a first-aider in a factory is called upon to do. It is not c, ery day that a big case comes in for treatment. but she has always to be prepared. Often there is not time to stop and think what line of action is the best; she must act, and act quickly.

it a nd told the patient what treatment to follow. After se, e ral days he again came to urse) who found that .t he incision had practically healed (with the PLIS still insi de) and it and the surrounding skin were d<,trk brown w it h constant applications of iodine. On bell1g quesio ned, the man said that his doctor told him to apply fomentations and iodine. Presumably the former were oo much trouble for him, so he used the latter. Consequ elltly he had again to haye an incision made.

The next case \\ as caused by a foreign body (a small sp Iral of silyer plating) getting under the finger nail. It w as removcd and the patient went back to her work with a fomentation on her finger.

Hot pipes arc yery u?cful for warming rooms, but t h ey were the cause of extensiye hurns to a girl who put her barc arms on them one cold day. In this case bo ric ointment was applicd on strips of lint. It might be mentioned in passing that this dressing seems to afford l11uch more relief than the picric acid dressings found 11\ most first-aiel boxes.

One morning an employee, boarding a 'bus on her w a y to work, had her hand crushecl between the handrail and another 'bus that was passino'. She came to Nurse for treatment. It was founel that thcre was no fracture, but marked swelling and bruising. Repeated cold applications followed by light duly, and all was well, and no stiffness was felt.

Besid es having a good knowledge of first-aid, she must be ,:.ery tactful and win the confidence of the workers. It is often neces ary to find out further history of the patient, delails of the home life) etc. This can only be done by showing infinite tact and kindly interest. Sometimes a doctor will recommend a course of treatment in hospital. Perhaps it i absolutely necessary, but if the patient has no means other than a \\' cekly wage and there are dependants ,,,hat wonder is it that the idea is put in the background? Here the Nurse can be invaluable. She finds out the trouble, perhaps nrifying the story, and then tackles the directors or wclfare committee of the company as to what c,an be clone-for which task she requires more tact.

'\i\Tith it all, it is a "ery intere ting occupation, and one for which the keen woman first-aider is eminently suited, and in which she can feel that she is trying to still further carry out our motto-Pro Ctilitate HOJJ/illuJII.

Items (Di\isional news and competitions, social, interesting duties, lectures, etc., for this page sho uld be sent to Ambulance sister, c/o The Edito r FIRST Am, 46, Cannon S'., L ondon, E.C.4.

BRIGADE FIi\'.-\Ls.-Her Royal Highnes the Duches of York, has graciously consented to present th Challenge hield and Cups at the Brigade Finals to be held at the Great Central Hotel, larylebone-road, London, N, \ ,v., on Friday, 10th next.

National Police Ambulance Co m petition.

THE , rictors in the elimi nating con Lests of the :\"ational Police Ambulance Competition met on -\Vednesdav February 27th last, for the final tests at the -:\ pton Institute, Clerkel1\\-ell, London . The results ·were as follows :-

1. Scarborough Borough Police

2_ "'est Sussex Constabulary

.1, Ct. Yarmouth Borough Police

+. Birmingham City Police

5. Lancashire Constabulary

38+ 339\ 337-

6. illetropolitan Police, "H" Di\-i ion 325

7. :'IIol1mouthshire Constabulary 280

8, Dew bun County Borough Police

9. De\"on -

At the close of the competition the winners were presented with the" Pim" A:-mbulance trophy by Sir Vivian Henderson, ParlIamentary Under

1929.

The task of ajudication -was in the hands of Dr. S. Hamilton, M.D., D . P . H., of N"ewport, )'lon. (Team and -:\0 1), and Dr. G D. E. Tullis, of Hereford (Nos. 2, 3, 4 and 5).

Comments on Police Final by S. )'I.D., D.P H.

I have ahvays had a great respect for the members of our splendid Police force, even when they stop me on the road and very cou.rteo:lsly ask to see my driving licence. After tudg1l1g the Police First Aid Competition on the 21th ult., my feelin 0- was one of admiration for their industry in acquirino- a sound knowledge of First Aid in addition t:> to their other numerous and exacting duties. The performance of all the teams was very creditable.

The team test was designed to represent an accident such as constables might encounter on their usual beat any night, and to elicit their skill

:\larch, 1929. FIRST instructed to return and report the reply to the call.

Until their full equipment arrived, it was the duty of constables 1 and 4 to improyise a tourniquet with such material as they had . Instead of doing so, some competitors tried to commandeer from the surrounding houses. This "',"as met by the retort "people hostile to the police and refuse. "

All the teams found the penetrating \,-ound of the chest. The external hGemorrhage here ,,-as slight (capillary). Some competitors thought I treated them unfairly when I said there was no h Ge morrhage visible outside the clothing.

One or two teams were late in sending a message to hospital, and the motor ttmbulance could not arrive in time (5 min utes) for them to finish.

On the patient's return to consciousness questions addressed to him drew the information

A I D. 241

Comments by G. D. E. TCLLl , my section (the individual tests) of the cOmpetltlOn ,yas not so spectacular as the team from a spectator's point of view, the competitlOn proved to be a most interestino- one and I consider that, this being only the time such a contest has taken place, the material is there ""?ich will before long make this, the Police First AId Competition, one of the foremost in the kino-dom There is a keenness, and a good \yorki;g among each competitor which, "'hen a petltlOn. " aura" is added with more experience, WIll go far In making the Force able to hold their o.wn in any of the St. John \.mbulance competitIons.

The tests I gave were perfectly straIghtforward cases ,\-hlch any policeman might be called upon to deal .Each was purposely planned to need ImmedIate actlOn and initiati,-e on the part of the first aid policeman.

for Home Affairs. The gatheri ng was presided over by Lieut.-General Sir Aylmer HunterWeston, who was supported by Colonel Turnbull (Commissioner of the City Police), Tomlin, Chief Constables A. S. "\iVilliams (Vvest Sussex), J. A. Wilson (Cardiff), H. Windsor (Scarborough), S. Barraclough (Dewsbury), W . Trubshaw (Lancashire) and S. F. Butler (Ramsgate)

During the eveni ng the winners and runnersup were the guests of the Police Revz'e'lv at the Bonnington Hotel, where the Police Revz'ew Cup was presented by Lord Remnant to the West Sussex team who gained the second place .

and resource in dealing -with an emergency where the life of the "victim" was at stake. The thoughts of each team must have been exercised by two contending emotions-en to arrest the culprit, and (2) to afford assistance to the victim. Several of the competitors enquired whether the criminal was shelterino- in the houses nearby, and even suspected tht:>e "bystander" of knowing more than .he admitted. Eventually the cause of humal1lty claimed their undivided attention.

Some of the telephone messages were not efficient because they did not indicate the scene of the occurrence and the "bystander" was not

By

that he was a Spaniard who could not speak English. efforts were made to obtain an interpreter. The obvious thing, of course, was t o search his pockets to obtain evidence of indentity, name of ship, etc. I thought this was a routine procedure amongst the police. Some, howeyer, failed to do it.

I obsen ed at least two teams fanning the pa tient vigorously, although he ,,-as exposed Lo \\ hat the card described " cold" weather. Illchvzdual 7 est JYo. 1. This test ought to have discovered a "Sherlock Holmes" amongst the Police.

In conclusion, I should like to congratulate D. G. Monteith, the ComI etition Secretary, and his staff on the excellence of their arrangements and the success of their efforts to stage the Scene.

In the test for Nos. 2 and 3, :\"0 :2 had to support the hanging man whilst his unskilled friend cut the rope. Discovering the patient not breathing and the face congested, Syh-ester's artificial respiration was called for the friend being instructed to hold the tongue out. G nfortunately, whilst doing this a piece of timber falls striking the friend on the head, knocking him unconscious. Ao.:2 is now confronted ,,,ith a problem :-He realises he has:2 unconscious patients, one of whom is not breathing, but he remembers his appointmentwith his colleague -:\0. 3 who by this time must be near at hand and he blo\\'s a strong blast on his whistle to summon him. 1\0. 3 appears and takes charge of the concussed friend whilst N' o. 2 turns his patient O\ rer and adopts Schafer's artificial respiration. The efforts of both are soon re,,-arded, both patients gradually recovering (the second patient

BI' [" Tlu Police Review."

Lieut-Col. Sir Viyian Henderson, 1\1. P., presenting the National First Aid Challenge Cup captrun of the winning Scarborough Team. The Chief Constable of Mr. VV. v\ IS on the extreme right. The names of members of the tean" reading from le.ft to ng-ht, P.C. Le\ysey, P.C Parkin, P c. Taylor, P.e. Bond, P.e. Smith. Secretary

courtesy] {/ The P olice R eview "

Lord Remnant pre enting- Tile Police Re7}/ew Cup to P. S. Gee, the captain of the \Ye t Sus -ex Team. Reading from left to rir-ht the names of the team are P.C. \tYebster (second reser\'e), P.c. Jeffrey, P.S. Gee , P.C. l\e\\'ell, P.e. Leeson, P.c. Clapp, P.c. Bristow (first reserye).

first). No.3 goes to fetch a doctor and is fortunaLe O'h to find him passinQ' the door. Thus a ' I knowledO'e of the principles of first al Wit 1 resource£ulness and commonsense get No.2 out of a position which might at first seem hopeless' T the whole this test was well done, but many N 0 s forgot they were possessed of a whistle and talong it for granted that 1\0. 3 would eventually turn up.

No.4 had a very important case to look after. An A.A. man with his sidecar b.ox skidded at a crossroads where No.4 was on pOlI:t duty. The patient struggled to feet IS obviously bleeding freely from his. left He, the patient, has the presence of m1l1d, bell10 a first aid man, to grasp his left arm and apply pressure to the brachial .arter y. No. notices this and quickly has patient d?wn, patient to keep up the pressure, and has Imme.dlate recourse to ambulance box and applies a tourniquet loosely but ready to tighten if the patient relaxes his pressure. By careful examination No.4 finds a fracture of both bones of the forearm as well. He applies a temporary splint he cleans and dresses the wrist, finally applyll1g pad, and firm bandage over wrist. He tells patien t to relax grip and finds bleeding is,controlled.

He then properly splInts the and applies a sling and finally hands the patient over to a doctor who happens to be passing in his car. On the whole this test was well done, but the local condition was thought rather more of the than the patient's general condition. For afte.r a smash like this he was bound to be feehng especially as he had lost some therefore, If possible, a drink of fresh water might be thing. This was to be at the dnnkll1g fountain at the crossroads (which WLS well marked up, but none noticed it).

Whist No.5 was on hiS beat he was accosted by the father of a boy who had been down, and called into the house to attend to him. By careful examination he was able to discover that there was a fracture of the 10th, 11th and 12th ribs on the right side, and by still further enquiry he was able to find out that the right kidney was damaO'ed. This required discrimination, and many fell short of the full and correct diagnosis by not being careful enough in their examination or asking any necessary questions of the father.

- One of the main reasons for having the father 111 the test at all was for him to be asked questions 1)

And so to sum up, one realises that three main qualifiGations of a first-aider which appear on the 8-pointed ambulance cross on all St. John textbooks are brought out in these three tests. In the 1st test, resourcefulness; in the 2nd, observation; and in the 3rd, discrimination.

Does your colleague read FIR.S T AID, if not, send us his address and we will post him a copy.

Detailed Marking Sheet, No. 12.

TEAM TEST.

C\RD OF INSTRUCTlO ·S On a cold and wintry day you are on duty at a Raih,'ay Station and arc called to a mall who has be e n knocked down and run o\'er by a runaway hor se and carL You find the man lying on the ground co nscious but evidently badly injured. You. kno\" , thi:L ambulance material is kept at the Railway Statton \-vhlch IS 100 yards away •...Jet.

NOTE FOR J UDGE.-Arrange scene to a str?el and in one corner of hall arrange a Wailing Room 111 ",hlch place ful l equipment.

Defadcd J1£arkilL/[ Slzee!. hlMEDIATE ACTIO1\'.

Two Bearers proceed forth" ith to p<:tient

Two Bearers promptly collect matenal

Mode of approach and control of crowd

Ask if further risks from runaway (gone)

Ask if any doctor available (yes)

Nearest hospital (In t071.11l, 3 lIliles)

If am.bulance can be obtained (at lzosjdal)

Sympathy with patient; caution not to Cover lim.bs quickly to promote warmth

Send m.essages tor doctor and an"lbulance OF PATlEt-<T.

Ask colour of face (pale) ; test pulse (/rre/[ular)

Breathing (slow and slzallow) ; skin (cold and 1II0/sf)

Test temperature of body (below

Place patient's head low and on one side :

Undo tight clothing at neck, t walst

Cover body with rug; fan patient

Smelling salts to nostrils; avoid other. ttlllulanls

Locate site of pain (in and around jehils)

Enquire if in pain anpyhere else .(no)

If any marked deformity (not nottceablc)

If any visible bleeding (none

10de of exami nation for other 1l1JU rlCS

Head, limbs, spine, I'ibs (none) .:.

Diagnosis-Comminuted Fracture of Pel\ ls complicated by Internal Hcelllorrhage

TREATMENT OF' PATIE 'T.

Place in easiest position (lower limbs flexed)

Apply broad bandage round hips of patient Bandage knees together ; warm throughout

Gi\ 'e sips of cold water for thIrst , ...

A k if any further change noted (no Lmjr07'C111l'nf) OF PATIENT.

Ask if ambulance arrived (noLjor 30 mhmles)

Decide remove to Railway Station

To awa it arrival of doctor and ambulance

Prepare, test and place stretcher

Cover stretcher 'with rug for warmth

Turn up collar of patient's coat

Roll sticks in each side of coat

So that en d s are level with top of head

Broad bandage under head secured to stIcks

Bearer on each side grasps coat with hands apart

Third Bearer grasps clothing at hips

Fourth Bearer takes charge of l egs

Lift, C:1rry by short side over stretcher

Lower patient on stretcher WIth care

Lift; 1arch; lower

Care and observation dunng transIt

Later send message to relatives

Report to Doctor (His/my / Trea/JIll'ltf)

General smartness and co-operatIOn of Team

Ratlway Ambulance News.

Great Western.

CO:\IPETITlONS.-The following teams have secured premier positions in the preliminary (divisional) round of the G.\iV.R. Competitions) and thereby qualify to take part in the semi-final round) which is being decided partly at London) Birmingham, Newport) and Weston-superl\Iare In this contest (which is purely an eliminating compet ition) the eight teams scoring highest marks will qualify to participate in the final round to be held at Paddington on April 26th.

Di'vision. Adz'anced Class.

London A South Lambeth

London H .Reading Ladi es

S" indon Swindon

(Mr. Drinkwater's team)

Bristol A Bristol B Exeter Plymouth

S"ansea

Gloucester

Worceste r

BInl1ing-ham

Cheslcr

Central Wales

South \\'ales

Docks

\ Vestbury

Pilning

Taunton

Liskeard

Newport Dock St.

Pontypool Rd.

Darry (Loco.)

K cylancl

Pm'ton

'W orcester (Sheet)

Stombridge Jcn.

Ruahon

Afonwen

Newport Docks

Beginners' Class.

South Lambeth

Princes Risborough

Swindon

OU r. Gurney's team)

\V eymout h

\V cl ls

Exeter

Pcnzance

Blaina

Hengoed

Cardiff Parade.

Carma rthen

Glouceste r

IIoneybourne

Stourbridge Jcn, Shre\\"Sbury (Loco.)

Talyllyn

Port Talbot Docks

It ",ill l)c seen that one of the four teams 0 f women elllployees who originally entered the contests (Reading Ladies) is among- the thirty-four teams in the scmi-final compctition. This tcam, which entered in the Advancecl Cla"s this year, was last year sllccessful in getting as far as the scm i-final round by obtaining' highest place in the Beginners' Class in its (London D) Di\,ision.

Swnmox.-The annual competition for the "S\'I'indon" and "Cecil" Challeng:e Cups organised among l1lunbers of the S\\ inc10n \\ To rks Class took place at S\\ inclon Baths 011 February -1-th, when eight teams participated. Dr. R. Conon-Robertso n (London) and Dr. F:. ]. 1\Tanning (Swinclon) were the judges for stretcher and il!di"ic1ual tests respectinly.

The team captained by 1\1r. G. Gurney won in the Beginners' Scction (" Ceci l" Cup). and Mr. F. Drii1kwater's team was placed first in the Ach'ancecl Section and awardec1 the" Swinc\on ., Cup.

In t h e courSe 0 f his ubsequcnl address to the C0111Pl titors, Dr. COllon Robertson said "raih,,'aymen are the hest first-aiders." ancl cOl1lmcntecl llpon the excellLlll \\"ork of thc several tea111 s, as also did Dr. Manning.

TAUNTON.-M1'. T. F. Le a n Assistant GCllC'ral 1\lanagcr, 'who is the Ci1airl1lan of the Central Ambulance CommiUce, was accorded a h ea rty welcome at T a unton on the evening' 0 f Fehruary 22ml, when h e distributec1 awards to sLlccessful first-aiel examinees in h e Exeter (No.5) Al11bl11allcc Diyi ,io n. l\Ir. S. Cook (Chairman or the Divi, ional Committce) presided. anel among others present wcre Mr. II. E. Daman (Divisional Engineer). Mr. A. VI. Chri lison (Divisional Locomotive Superinten-

dent), 1\1r. G. J. Challcnger (District Goods Manager), and Dr. W. B. Winckworth (Lecturer, Taunton Class).

The Chairman voiced the gratitutde of all grades of thc service for the support and encouragement given to the staff in the acquisition and maintenance of ambulancc knowledge by the directors and officers of the company, and paid tribute to the Divisional Sccretary, l\Ir. D. F. Atkins) as a result of whose energies splendid progress was now being made in the division, Special menlion was made of the support affo rded to the movement by 1\11'. Lloyd Da\"ies, and it was stated that, as a result of his efforts, ovcr fifty employees in the bridge gang were now membcrs of the Taunton Class, 1\1r. Lean congratulated the teams successful in the recent cli"isional contcsts, and wished them luck in the semi-final round. lIe was pleased to say that the results la st year showed that the younger men were now coming forward in larger numbers. It was an encouraging sign, for it was up to the younger men to carryon the splendid traditions of those yeterans who had done so much to make the movement what it was to-day. They all owed a deep debt of gratit ud e to the members of the medical profession who gavc so generous ly of their valuable time in order to instruct the laity in first-aid methods. The movement, which was a purely yoluntary one, stood for a very high ideal-that of rendering help to others in times of need.

During the proceedings presentations were made by Dr. vVinck\\' orth to 1\Iessrs. Paul and Powell in recognition of their seryices as instructor and assistant instructor re pectiYely for a period of twenty years to the Taunton Class.

The annual distribution awards to mcmbers of classes in the Birmingham (No. 12) Division tnok place at the Town Hall, Leamington, on the evening of March 1st, when 1\I1'. F. K. Pelley (District Goods 1\Ianager) presided oycr a large gat h e ring.

Among the large company present, besides local officers of the company and class members and friends, \\'ere the Deputy Mayor (Alderman K. R. England). 1\1r. J R. Pickles (Director of Education). )[r. T. T. Earnshaw (C hi d Con tahle), Lieut.-Col. J H. Southey, l\Ir. G. J Roberts (Postmastcr). whilst )Ir. J. F. Lean (Assistant to General Manager amI Chairmall of G.\V.R. Central Ambulance Committee) was the guest of honour and distributecl a numb e r 0 gold efficiency awards.

The Chairman reviewed the moYcment on the G.\V.R. in general, and in the Birmingham Di\'ision in particular, and the Deputy Mayor, on behalf of t h e Corporation, welcomed tho e present all to Leaming to n.

In the course 0 fan interesting acid res following the eli,tributiol1 of a lc-ugl' number of fifleen years' medals. twenty years' bars. and quarter ccntury mcdals. 1\1r. Lean commended on the happy ancl clo e as oc i ation bet\\'een the ocal aL1thoritie, and the raih\- a \'. He said the moYe1l1cnt need cd still more young blond-to carryon the \\'ork, and although they had donc well and had a record year in the Birmingham Diyision, they should not r est on their lanre ls, but tri\'l' to clo still hctter year by year. It was lo the hard-working sec r elaries, h e said. that SLlcce s of thl' ambl1lance 1l10YCl11el1t was largely clue. They desen'ed t1ll' practical support of all their members. for thc secretan"s lot was no! an casy onc.

Dr. H. Ma so n was made the recipi c nt of a sih'er inkstancl in rccog llitioll of his untiring eryices to the Le;tlll ing-toll Class.

A much appreciated entertainment was provided by the Wynson Octette.

London and North Eastern.

On .;\1arch 8th a competition was held at CuI ross Hall, King's Cross} for team of fiye. mcn \\"ho haye passed thc St. J ohn,A SOClatlOn eXaI11lnatJon, and :vho are employed on the G.N. sectIOn 0/ the L. •. E.R. b e:"" een Kino"s Cross and Potlers Bar. rhe handsome tIophy} the london Di trict Challenge Bowl} was WOll by a team consisting of the following members of o. 13 S.J.A.B.: Amb Officer Dye, Ptes. vVaygood} Dearmel, Oscarthorpe and ·Woods..

This team is to be h ea rt!1y congratulated on Its splendid victory, having gainec.l 38 marks more than that placed second 011 the list. It IS now elIgIble to compete for the G. T Officers' Cup on March 21st.

The Dukinfi e lel Carriao'e and vVagon Works Ambulance Team hcl\'C again in winning the L.N.E.R. (G.C Section) Shiel?, and the Bartholomew" Cup in the one year. ThIrty-two teal:ns .competed the shield, and Dukinfic1d headed the 11st 111 the prelllTIlnary round as \\·ell as the final. They have created a record with three consecutive ",ins in the competition for the Bartholomew Cup} and their record in this competition is five \vins ont of the last six years, and the year they failed in the sequence they were placed second. V. Coopland has had the honour of captaining the team for the las eight years, and a great deal of credit is. due him for the manner in which he has fulfilled h1s dutles as \\"e ll as the splendid team spirit h.as. prevailed throlwhout their rnn of success. The 1l1dIVIdual pnze was by V. Coopland.

The elistrict competitions of the L. T.E.R. (N.E. Area) Centre arc now in full swing, anel the results of those already held are as follows:-

Leeds-Held in the y'M CA., Harrogate, on Fehruary 23rd. Judges, Dr. A. H. Johnston, Hull, and Dr. J. ::\1. Hermon, H essIe. Leeds Police, 1; Starbecl< (Stonefall), 2; Starbeck, 3; Leeds Loco., 4; Hunslet C. & W. TO 2, 5; Hunsl et C & W. No. I, 6. J. Thackrah (Loco. Shed Supt., L eeds) presented the shield to the winners, and 1\1r. Harper (Starbeck) the ,. Lindberg-" Cup to the runners-up.

Hull-Helel in the Odd fellows' Hall, Hull, on T\Iarch 2nd. J uclg es, Dr. W. Gray, vV est Hartlepool, ar: d Dr. J. J\I. Hennon, HessIe. King George Dock Pollce, 1; Hull Station No. I, 2; Dock Engine e rs No. I, 3; Dock Engineers o. 2, -t; Hull Goocls, 5; Hull Station No.3, 6; Hull East, 7.

11r. Waugh, Dock Supt., presented the shield to the " inning team.

Y ork-Helel in Railway Institute, York, on 9th. Judg'es, Dr. L. L. Westrope and Dr. E. B. Appleby, r ewcastlc. York C. & VV., 1 ; York Police, 2 ; York Station No.2, 3; York Station o. 1, 4.

?lIr. H. A. Butcher, Stationmaster, York, presented the shield to the winning team.

Micldlcsbrough-IIeld at Mid cllesbrough Station on March 10th. Jud ge, Dr 1\1. Buchanan, Darlington. Midell esb rough Station, 1; Hartlepool o. 2, 2; Stockton, 3; Hart1cpool No.1, -+; \Vest Hartlepool Xo. 2, 5; West Hartlepool TO I, 6; i\Iiddlcsbrough No.2, 7.

Mr. T. IIare, District Supt., presented the shield to the winning team, after \'\'hich Mr. Geo. J acksol1, General· Secretary, handecl to ::VIr. J. Willis, the District Secretary, a handsome demi-hunter gold watch, on behalf of the

members of his district as a token of their esteem and regard for him for all his many labours on behalf of the district.

Southern .

Entrics for this year's competitions sho\\o' a d ecided increase oyer that 0 ( last year, the number being 139, against 107 in 1928. On April 19th Lady present the prizes to the winning teams takIng 111 the eliminating rounel of the Inter - RaIlway CompetitIon.

Ol'EEXBOROUGII.-There was a ul1iq ue gathering at recently \\'hen the Eastcrn Divisio.n Class Secretaries met for the purpose of holdmg theIr hal£yearly conference.

Ailer the official husiness had been attended to, thosc pr ese nt were asked to join the ::\1ayor of the ancient Borough (Mr. C R. Stevens) at luncheon at Ship Hotcl.

Th e Mayor, whose practical inter est in t he work of thc Order of St. John is well-known in the distnct, COll gratulated those prescnt 011 the great work which they were performing in the ca.use of hl1manity. He had a great opinion of the standard of effic iency 0 ( the men in ambulance work, and i f he coulel render any aSSIst ance to them in conncction with the mOl'ement lle \\ as th ei rs to command.

::\1r. P. Spillett (Fayersham) thanked thc .;\Iayor for his kindly sentiment, and expressed on behalf of the class secretaries their apprcciation of the pleas ant t ime spent with him.

\\' ,\TERLoo.-There \\ as a large gathering of mcmbers o [ the vVaterloo class and their friends at the Brunswick Institut e, Vauxhall, on February 22ml, when the awards gained at the recent class examination were presented to the successful calldidates by 1\1rs. E. S. 1100re.

The chair was occupied by 1\1r. W. Bishop (solicit or), who was snpported hy the principal officers of the company anel their ladies.

Mr. Bishop congratulated the recipients on their SllCcesses. He paid great tribute to the L ect urer (Dr. Duncan), to Foreman Ticket Collector Hatch , who acted as instructor, and to 1\1r. Simmons, of the General1\lanager's Office, \\ho carried out the duties of class secretary. The two latter were rccipients of handsome gifts which had b een subscrihed for by the class meml)ers as a token of the respect and esteem in \\"hich they were helel.

SOUTJIAMPToN.-The annual dinner of the Southampton Docks Branch of th e Centre was lleld recently under the presidency of Mr. G. R. Newcomlle, Docks and Marine Manager. Mr. K ewc0111be was supported by the chief officers at Southampton, and the company numh e reel 150.

Mr. Wentworth Sheilds proposed the toast of the "Directors and Officers of the Southern Railway Co " and this was responded to l)y ';\ifr. E. A. Richards, who referred to the progress which was being: mac1e on the Sonthern, and spoke in appreciatiye terms of the earnest desire which haclmanifestecl itself on tlle part 0 [ the staff of all grades to co-operate with the management in brin ging success to the g-reClt l1ndertaking of which they form ed a part. IIe expressed the pleasure of the directors and officers at the increasecl interest which was hring' taken in the ambulance movement at Southampton Docks, and said that the staff coulel rely upon every encouragement heing glvcn in connection wltll the first-aiel movement.

The committee, of which Mr. E. Uzzell is chairm an ancl Mr. L. B. Petty secretary, arc to be congratulated on a most successfu l eyening.

London, Midland and Scottish.

BR.ISTOL.-Seven teams belonging to Division 2 of tl;e BrIstol and District assembled on Friday 22nel,. 111 the Drill Bath, the teams beingfr0111 Bath, ClIfton Down, BrIstol (St. Philips), Stonehousc, Gloucester (two), and Ashchurch.

t piece was .as follows: "This man, who was \\ ork1l1g 111 the r00111, had got a piece of steel 111 the cornea ot hIS rIght eye, and was walking to hospItal for treatment he is knocked down by a light

On CXaml11atIOn you find a pair of scissors ca rned 11: thc left top waistcoat pocket has penetrated armpIt, there IS much bleeding from the wound. right thIgh IS useless and is bleeding about the centre. 1hc man appears to be unconSCIOUS) and he breathes with clIfficulty. Telephone quarter of a mile away. Treat him."

The test was well staged and very efficiently judged by Dr. J. .;\I. of Bristol, the practical and YI\'a-YOce work be111g Juclgecl by Dr. II. C Heathcote of Bath. doctors expressed very high appreciation c0111menc\atlOn of the work performed.

Result :-Clifton Down, 242; Bristol St. P., 230; Bath, Gloucester No.4, 218; Stonehouse, 215; Gloucester No.3, 203; Ashchurch, 184.

At the conclusion of the competition Mr. W A. Fish (Glou,ceste r), who presided, welcomed 11r. W. Blake, L.J\,LS: vVelfare ?Upervlsor! from Derby, who presented the plye.s and salel conSIdered competition work to be next 111 ll11portance to actual practice. 0 one said he wants to deal with a case! but .should be called upon. Mr. paId a stnkll1g tribute to the work of the ambulance men 111 the district eluring the last twelve 111onths.

a.nnua1 tor

South \\ ales DI tnct l!l connectIOn WI t h the London MIdland & Scottish Railway, took place at the Town Hall: on 1\Ionday and Tuesday, February 18th and

On iVIonday,. the junior section com petitions were he1e1, uncler the of Mr. A. T. G. Posnett, A.1\I.1.CE.

Eng111eer, Ahergavenny) The stretcher and inclivlclual tests were adjudicated by Dr. VV. B. Butler and Dr. 1. \N. ::\hcGregor, of Hereford.

The rcsults were announced by the Hon. District Secr eta ry (Capt. S. T.. Beard, of Abergayenny) at a bat!1enng of the competItors and a few I'isitors, 0\ er whIch 1\1r. Brice (Ahergavenny) presided, being supby the May?r of Hereford (1\1r. T. vv. Goodwin), i\Il s. \ iVeb b (Heretorc1), anc\ Capt. Beard. The awards were as follow:-

.Blaenavon No. 2, Dowlais, 238; Tredcgar Traffic, 210, Ahergavenny JunctIOn No.2, 200; ine Mile Point 194; Abergavel1ny Local No.1, 193; Abergal'enny Locai No.2, 181; Hereford, 16-1-; Abergaycl111Y Brecon Road 161; Brynmawr No.2, 154. '

, Blaenavo.l1 o. 2 ea rried off the Ernest Gou1born Challenge ShIeld, \\,!1Ich they \\"ill hold for twelve months , ,Tl:e sectIOn held .thcir competition on Tuesday, \\ hen se;'cn s I rom vanous parts 0 f the district C0111rhe Judges were Dr. VV. Ainslie and Dr. G. D. T f uIhs, hoth of Hereford, and they made their awards as ollows :-

I Al)ergavenny Junction No. 1, 2, Brynma\H. 6'-2, 3, Blaenavoll, 151; 4, Carcllff, 1-1-3; 5, Sirhowy 138' 7. Hay, 116;i ,

\' SIr Thomas 'William Shield was presented to the team hy the .1\ Ta.yor of. Hereford (Mr. T. W. 1 and Mrs. Al11slte d1stnbuted prizes to the first t 11 cc teams.

Mr F. J. Mansfield (Assistant Traffic Superintendent,

A I D. 245

Abergavenny) presented Dr. Tullis with a vellum vote of thanks from the Order of .St. John in recognition of the serVIces he had rendered 111 connection with ambulance work.

PRJTTLEWELL:-From a total of scYentcen teams drawn fl"om No. of the L.1I.S. Al:nbulance Centre, the Southend B team won first place m a competition held rec ent ly at the Dnll Hall, East Street, Prittlewcll. Th e team tl.1Us becam e the .winners of the (( Kingham" Cup whIch IS. h e ld for a penod of one year. The result of c.ompetlt1011, whIch ll1cluded tests in hoth theory and pracas fo11o\\.s: <, B," 323; London Police, 30/, Ellston Car:-lage and \V agon, 206}. Other teams whIch competed, 111 oreler of merit were: Enston Clet"I'cal "B"E r J "A"S .( '" .l.am omerstown " A," vVillesden Traffic B, C:lck1ewood Loco., St. Pancras Goods, Ellston Telegram, LeI g h, CommerCIal Road, Broad Street Loco., \VIll esden Loco., Somerstown "B" and East Ham" B." ,

junior section ambulance competifOI the three of pnzes provided by the L.1\1.S. took place 111 the ?IuniciI?al Hall, Newcastle, on February 19th. The adjudIcators were Dr A RIley, J\,l.B., Ch.B., Dr. A. P. Spark, 1\1.B., Ch.B., and 'Dr' L. A. Daly, L.1\I.S.S.A.

The result of the judging and placing of the teams was as follows: 1. Al ager, 2, Te",castle) 309; 3 -+, Ct!oxeter, 303; .5, Cal cion Lowe, 302 6, B, 298; /, Eng-meers, 292; 8, Long-POt t A, 259. The total pomts obtainable \\" ere -+10.

T Th e Ambulance Competition between teams in 1\0. 10 Dls.tnct, the :0;olth tafforclshire Section of the RaIlway,. for t.he cup presented by the former :\orth StaffordshIre RaIlway Directors. and prizes o'iyen by the L.i\I.S. Railway. took place on February 26th. -,

The results of the j uclging' and placing of the teams' :-1, Newca tIc" A," -1-01; 2. Leek, 382; 3, Blythe BrIdge, 367; -to Uttoxeter, 338; 5, N e\\'castle ,. B " 337 1 6 B t " B" 33?. '. ur on.' -; I. Burton "A," The P01l1ts obta1l1able were -+60.

!he prizes ,ycre distributed at the close of the competltlOn by Mrs. G. S. Hil1.

The adjudicators complimentcd the team all the exccllent ell play .e: i\'CI1 throl1ghout the competition. propOSItIOn ot .Mr. A. H azlehurst, captain of the \\'lnnmg team, Mrs. HIli ,yas thanked for e1istributino' the award. ;-,

On behalf of the competitors Mr. \\T. T. Hu g-hes mo\:ed that the l)cst thanks he given to the doctors for so g'enerously given up their time to act as judg·es. ThIS was heartil\' carried.

Mr· G S. Hill aFterwards distrihuted t he Compam"s Long' Sen-rce Gold Meda.l to Dr. \\T. Megaw and Mr. T. PCPI?er (Crcss\YCll), bars to the following': Messrs. T.. H olll11sheacl (Cong'leton), S P. Sheldon (Leek). F. T. Slc1dal (Tutbury). A. Pedley (Tlltbury), and T. Cook (Congleton).

LYTIlAM ST •\:-\NES. -;\Ir. Councillor A. J. Price, architect, 1-+, is preparing plans for headquarter for the Lytham sectton of the SL John :\.l11bulancc Bri cra de and :"\'ursing Di\ i ions. ;-,

The "DECORATORS' « PAINTERS' MAGAZINE " (8d. monthly) is THE trade paper for all interested _ Publfshinst Office: 46, Cannon Street. B.C.".

Red Cross Branch News.

ESSEX BRANcII.-The annual meeting of the County Committee of the Essex branch, British Red Cross Society and Order of St. John, was held at the Holborn Restaurant, London, Mrs J. 1\1. Han bury, RR c., presid in g

The report, presented by the County Secretary (Col. G. H. Coleman, O.B.E.), stated that on the \"'hole it had been a good year for the branch. The reports concerning the detachments told of increasing general efficiency, a more important matter cven than the remarkable success of the Essex 18 Detachment in beating all the other counties in England and \iVales for the Stanley Shield. The men's detachments) though few in number) were alive and keen. Excellent work had been done on the roads and at functions of va ri ous kinds. The various activities, s u ch as the motor ambulance service, the emergency h elp , the :Mabel G r eville Home) the medical depots, the Junior Red Cross, etc , had all continued their work usefully. The 'Woodford Clinic was working well, and it was hoped was only a forerunner of others to be established. The passing of Lord Lambourne was a great loss, but the memory of his unfailing cheerfulness and encouragement remained. .1\1. C. Colvin, V.c., remained the County Controller. The accounts showed a credit of £259 13s. 8d., against one of £-1-80 18s. 3d. last year. Larger grants had been made, and the income had been somewhat less. Cases dealt with under the emergency help fund totalled 2,253, of which 2,0 -+ 9 were assisted Grants came to £4,13-+ 19s. 5d.) and £321 4s. 9d. had been refunded. The motor ambulance seryice in Essex had be e n the means of conveying 26,552 patients up to Sep t ember 30th last, the for the past year being 1)058. The ambu lances statlOned at Chelmsford on February 1st last, came under the control of the local St. John Division. A movement was on foot for providing a town ambulance for BrentFuture p0.1icy must be to encourage towns with fau-slZed populatIons to ha ye their o\\'n ambulances especiall y for accident cases. The branch would of do all they could to help in rural districts) especially in such areas as could be worked by men's detachments.

Lady Coh'in, c.B.E., ,vas unanimously re-elected Pres1dent, and the committee was also reelected. Mr. H. S. Tuke was elected Hon. Treasurer, and Col. Coleman was re-appointed Secretary.

.l\Ir. B. Whitchurch Howell, F.RC.S., gave an address on the work and va lu e of clinics.

BRANCIL-Several impo rt ant matters were dealt w1th at a meeting of the Herefordshire branch of the Bntlsh Red Cross Society, held at the Common Room of the Hereford Cathedra l Cloisters on W February 20th) at which Mr. E. R preSIded

At the outset of the meeting it was resolved to place on record the branch's appreciation of the great loss they h ad s uff ered through the death of Lt.-Col. A. G Prothero Director), and it was also decided to send an expreSSlOl1 of sympathy to the bereaved family.

Mr. Herbert Jones, t.he new manager of the Hereford branch of Barclays Dank, was appoint.ed to succeed his predecessor.

The Hon Secretary reported that the Hercfordshire Count.y Co un c1l had made a grant of £ 10 towards the upkeep t h e and that t.he Hereford Amateur Op eratIc SOClet.y had subscribecl £5 to the funds of t.lle branch and a lso to the orthop;£dic clinic,

Satisfactory reports on o rthop ce dic work at Her eford and Leominster were give n by Mrs. Fox and the Hon Secreta ry (for Miss Knight) r es p ective ly.

In his annual r eport) the n on. Secret.ary stated t.hat the defin it e progress during the past year had been stro n gly marked b y a definitely increased effi c iency, togethe r with a g r eate r all-rounel keenness. In Hereford and Leominster there were good detachments, and the work of the Orthopcedic Care Centres was so u nd ly established. In Ledbury, the Orthopcedic Centre was makin g Q'ood progress. The Kington and Brampton Brian districts both helped by raising funds.

There were two men's Voluntary Aid Detachment s which were practically up to strength and had a numb e r of probationers. The number of mobile members was in excess of the co un ty quota. There were two womell s detachments, one complete and having probationers; th e other nearly complete. The county quota for mobile women was far from complete) but there sho uld be littl e difficulty in this matter when its importance was fully recognised.

During the year fo u r courses of lectures in first aiel were given and 7-+ certificates were awarded. Four courses of instruction in home nursing were held, r esul ling in 64 certificates being obtained.

The two ambu ances worked by the county carried patient.s over 5)000 miles during the yea r.

HARLESTON BRAKCII.-The Harleston men's detachment of the Norfolk XI. British Red Cross Society h as made considerable strides during the past months, an d although the lack of sufficient funds has hindered the purchase of equipment, etc., yet the provision of uni form s for the majority of the men has been accomplished, an d the work of the detachment proceeded with in a satisf actory manner. Under Mr. R C. Hannant (Commandan t ) th men have taken great interest. in the work, and ha\' c attended the l ectures) drills, and displays wilh excell ent regularity. On Tuesday, lIarch 5th, the annual \ iV a r Office inspection was held at the Drill H a ll) Harlest on, thc Inspecting Officer being .l\lajor Amy, R.A.M .C. Others present included 1\1rs Ha rk er (the Norfolk Coun ty Contro ll er), Mrs. Sancroft Holmes) of Gawdy Hall (Vi cePresident of t h e Count.y Society), and Dr. F. N. H. Maidment (l\Iedical Officer of the detachment)

Following his inspection of the men on parade) Maj or Amy proceeded to test the ir genera l effic i ency in first ai el work. Th e men gave a praiseworthy display, and th e Inspecto r at t.he close of his tests congrat.ulated the Commandant and the detachment on their work, remarkingthat he was very pleased '\ ith their general ab ility H e had, however, noticecI that they lacked adeq u ate s up pli es of surgica l haversacks and dressings. The Commandant explained that so far thei r funds had been utilised in essential eq uipm ent and in the provision of u niforms. He hoped h e sho ulclil ave the support of the town, and coupl ed with the exce ll ent company of men uncler his charge, h e h ad hopes of having a detacl1ment eq u al in general efficiency to any detacll11lent in the county.

SOMERSET DR i\ crI.-Countess \V alcleg r ave. President of Some r set Dritish Red Cross Societ.y, stales in the 18th annual report, just published, that never was there a time when life at h ome in the daily rontine was in snc h constant peri l. Tr ained members 0 f the Voluntary Aiel D etach11lent could be most useful in s u cco ur ing and even saving life w h en at hand ancl occas ion arose.

I»O YOU

Sore throats, brUises, colds, colic, diarrhcea, blood olsonin .• mustard, ginger, castor oil, and garden beet- h p t' gd etc., AR.E !,LL With kerosene IInseeo oil , diseases - the be t. r euma Ism an nervous disease With celery-the lemon cures 2!J e root IS used for delayed menstruation-pepper cures the worst attack of grippe.

'SB\G DOWN!

for Young WIVES Young HUSBANDS PARENTS WOMEN OVER 40 and EVERYBODY

The lHOUSEHOLD PHYSIOIAN

wrltten by eminent Specialists, Physicians and Surgeons, describes in simple language with helpful Coloured Plates and dIagrams

THE DISEASES OF MEN WOMEN AND CHILDREN, . CAUSE, . TREATMENT AND CURE wll.h complete mstructlOns o n preventatIve medicine, the science of bygiene, culture, (tc. Th e 500 Illust ratJOn s and Plates and Anatomical

Corns and Warts The Throat Homrepal hy Dieting for Disease The Nose The Cbest Huw to Treat Accidents Treatments lor Beauty The Heart i'leurasthenla Physical Cu Hure The Stomach The Lungs Pleuris

Exerctses for all Purposes The Liver Hygiene, Anatomy

The Principles of Nursing I nvalld Cookery Surgical Diseases Brain and Nervous Diseases Diseases 01 Old Age Diseases of Infancy The PrincIples of Phrenology Shingled and Bobbed Hair, Diseases 01 Ha r and Head Adenoids, etc" etc.

T E YOU G W I and the experienced married w o man will find all they want to know made clear. d ThI S .gIves, ID SImple la nguage, tba t knowledge our young people ne ed to-day. Thi s i s the information many a good father es nes to gl ve hIS son; b ut he d oes not know how to set about it.

MOTHERS who wish daughter,S to.devel?p naturally will find exactly the teaching they need.

WOMEN OVER 40 find their dIfficultIes regarding health frankly discmsed.

Tb ere are hundre ds of subjects of value to all. The muscles, teeth, digestion, hair, food values, Ju·Jitsu, phrenology. How to diagnose dIseases from appearance of b ea d, face, tongue , throat, cbest perspiration, etc.

T ---------- , - - - -----_

THREE HUNDREDS : POST FREE COUPON NOW!

:'1 h a ve gained in each of the 8 test I 10atIOns the knOWledge of which I attribute to I your volumes, have yet to m : tt my defeat in A MBULANC E EXAMINATIONS" I

To VIRTUE &. CO., Ltd., H. Dept., 19,20, 21, Thavies Inn, Hoiborn London, E.C. I.

Please send me Free Booklet on "T HE H OUSEHOLD FHY SICIAN ," with par ticul a rs as to your ofter to deliver the c omplete Work at once for the first paymel;lt of 4/-, balance to be paid by a few sm::.11 monthly payments after celivery. written and exp lained so plainly that am every .one I who stud ie s them m ust understand, and, aga in, the IlIus I tratious are sO true that anyone who had no knowledge at all about the particular disease the I diagram illustrates, would surely recognise it I NAME _when seen on anyone." I this form in un sealed en\ elope, stamped halfpenny.)

"Very pleased and ddight ed with same. They are I

"I am delighted wi th The Household Physician,' and as I ADDRESS _ am an amb ul ance man, I can app reci ate them to their fullest I extent. They are worth twice their costs." I "F.A ." -I

FIRST

The eme rg ency h elp fund Lor ex-service men and their families aided 30 cases dUrIng the year, and £228 in grants h ad b een paid. Some were loans which had been repaid up to £3S.

A medical supply depot had been opened at Yeovll, and othe rs we r e to be ope n ed in Bath and Bruton A branch of blood-transfusion service was started in Bath, and a panel of blood donors" had been formed. They hac! been fortunate in ecu rin g as Hon. S ec retary Dr. E. VI. Witham, of Bath, to whom applications for a donor" might be made at any hou r of the day or ni g:ht.

The r esu lt of the Red Cross day efforts made dUrIng the yea r had been £S22, the l argest sum r a ised for th e purpose since 1921.

Brig.-Gen. Frith, County Controller, Somerset Voluntary Aid Detachment, states that the total strength on December 31st, men and women, was 90S With one exception, t h e r eports of the in specting office r h ad b ee n very satisfactory The gene r a l efficiency of the detachments was very good

GLOUCESTER SHIRE BRANcII.-Stroud teams scored a popular double s u ccess last even in g in th e County competitions for M e n's Volunta r y Aid Detachments, w inning both the sen ior and junior cups) the l alle r t rophy bein g for members with three years' service o r ess. The competitions were held at Stroud, where, at the Subscription Rooms, a larg e company witnessed with interest and no littl e admiratioJl the team work and work in practical first aid.

The ten teams competing, with the ir l eade rs, were as follo'vvs :-Senior Cup : Stroud No .1 (F. A. Wood); o. 2 (M P Langham); 1 o. 3 CH Ov,'e n); Glo u cester CW. E. Ga lli ng); Cheltenham (F. Peac ey) Juni o r Cup: Stroud 1 o ...j. (E Kn ee); Chelten h am No. 1 (W Screen); No.2 (A. Hopson); No .3 (J. Cook); Glouc este r (L. Goscombe). Th e judges (all from Chippenham) were Dr. Hamilton (oral questions), Dr. Laurence and Dr. Lowe (team test), and Dr. Thompson (p r actica l first aid work)

The tests over, Miss Allen announced that the senior cup had been won by Stroud No. I, and the junior trophy by Stroud No ...j. team, the placings in the matte r of points hem g Che lten h am, G loucester. The judges told the competltors that they h ad quite a lot to learn and if were not a l togeth er encouraging they certaJl1ly contamed a lot of good advice for the future.

General Champain congratulated the men upon their very smart turn-out, and Lady Helena Gibbs who saw con iclerabl e service with the V.A.D. in the and who has become a member of the G louceste r shire Branch of the Red Cross Society, then handed t h e cups to the w inning teams.

. t: new Di visio n of th.e S.].A. B. in the No.6 (Northern) h as sancl10 ned by the Acting Chief Commissioner. It IS to be known as R ai ne's Works Di vis ion and is con n ected with the D e lta Works, D e rw ent hau g h.

N o. 8 Distr ct, S.].A.B., send us a copy of their G azette February was t h e ini t ial is s u e, and those a r e to congrat ul ate d on the n eat publi cat ion. It IS Issued free a nd Di st.ri c t Ord e r s, s hor t pa rag raph s a nd report s conce rnl11 g the va nou s Di v is ion s

We h ave r ece i\'ed from the N ewcast le and City Di v ision ?- copy of their monthly journal, call ed "Fractures," "vhi c h IS old to memb e rs of the City Di v is ion and Corp s Offi ce rs at 2d. eac h. Members a r e in vited to co ntribut e a rticl es e tc. an d. the cost ?f produ ction is cove red by the two pence for It; The h as articles of in terest a nd reports of meet111gs, com pe tition s, a l so Di v is ion a l Duti es for the month.

Queries and to eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules:-

1. -Letler3 containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 46, Cannon-street, Lond o n, E. C.4·

2.-All Queries mmt be acco mpanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the J(lurnal, or in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The Textbook, to which refe ence m3Y be made in these columns is the 36th (1920) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.

TR EATME NT OF DIRTY WOUND S.

C. E. (Bath).-Our T ex tbook t eac he s us to '.\'as h dirty wound s with ste rile water when m edi ca l help i unobtainable. Thi s how eve r, is difficult es pec ially on ro a d patrol; and I wond e r if w e s hould u se Ly so l or Cyllin (1-100) as antiseptic lotion. Pl ease accept o ur thank s for pas t help.

You refer to an instruction of Textbook which I d o 110t a lto get h e r a ppro ve b eca u se it ca n only be carried out und er exceptionally favourable c ir c um sta n ces Wh e n , t here fore, you h ave no faciliti es for ste rili s in g water, as on ro a d patrol, it is better to treat obviously dirty and other wound s in pr ec ise l y the same way - with Iodin e, dr essi ng, pa d and h a nd age Th e same objection a ppli es to your so lution of Lysol or Cyllin, which by the way s best prepare d in s tren gth of o n e teaspoonful to one pint of \\' a rm boiled w ate r - namely 1-1 60 or thereabouts. - N. CORBET FL ETCIlER

EXAMINATION HOWLER.

A. B. (Birmingham). - In a r ecent exam in ation, a ca ndida te was asked wh at w as the u se of the Epig-Iottis. B ecoming muddl ed, h e e lect rified the exam inin g s u rg eo n with thi s r e ply :-" Tlte Epiglottt's is /lze trapdoor UiIZ1'clz separates solids and/lu/ds and direrts these separately 1'nlo the stomach."

Good! Next, pl ease! !-N .C.F.

TRA NSPORT WITII FRACTURED TIII GII.

W B (Wakeneld).-I a m n ot clear as to the in st m ct ion s of T extboo k which in Rul e 7 te ll s u s t o re move a pat ie n t s uffer ing from fractured thigh in r ec umb e nt position Do es this mean with pole s and b a ndag es or th e pol es and blankets, or upon s hutt e r? Pl ea e a d vise Th e in st ru ct ion m ea n s ju t wh at it says Ke e p pati ent ly 1l1 g flat, tr eat th e fractured thigh, a nd then remove pati ent ly in g fl a t by b est available m et hod of tran ]1ort.- C. F.

FR ACTURE OF PA TE LLA

H. D. class r ece ntly I had to treat a la d y for SllTlple Frac ture of P ate lla. I fa ste n ed both ankles an d both feet together with the ass istance of a lad y bystander, placed s plint from buttock to heel, raised and s upport ed head and s hould e r s and a lso bot h leg s, applied both thighs a nd both legs to k eep sp ll11t Ln posillon, and fixed a figure-oE-ei g ht b a nda ge i.njured knee to co ntrol fractur ed patell a Upon diSCU SS Ion w e were di v ided in opinion as to th e correctne ss of thi tre at mcnt a nd d ec ided to submit the point for your kind de c is ion.

I cannot see the a d va nt age of yo ur treatment, and can

March, 1929. FIRST

sec many disadvantages. Frankly, I know n o reason why in these days of sho r t skirts you shou ld not ha ve treated as laid down in Textbook, modifying thi s treatment perhap s by ge tting your "lady bystander" to apply the upper or th igh bandage for fix a tion of sp lint. - N.C.F.

REVIEW OF TEXTBOOK.

A N. (Uxbridge). - Being among tho se who are subscribers to the ind e pendent journal FIRST AID and a lso to the official magazine The St John A mbulance Gazette 1 have read the two review s of the Revi sed T ext bo o k, the unsigned review in the former amI your s igned crit icis im s in the l atter. Un lik e th e annonymous reviewer I ha ve studied and c losely examined the new Te xt book; and I a n, as toni s h ed that anyone s h o uld venture t o criticise any book without fir st s tud yi ng it c losely. I was therefore not s urpri se d to find that the a rti cle in FIRST AID was un s igned!

As a Fir st Aider I find ve ry little of va lu e in the ob eryations of the ano n y mou s writer. IIe ha s mu c h to say a bout t he appendices which are r ea lly outside the scope o f the T ext book, and prac ticall y co nfin es his co mments to th e Chapter on Pot'sons. H e states incorrect ly th at Schafer's n a m e is not m e ntioned a nd that hi s method of a rtincial r es piration is un a lt e red. I a m now wondering as to the motives which pro mpted him to take up hi s pen. Did he wish merely to pay a w e lld ese rved tribute to Cantlie, the "Father of First Ai d" which a ll a mbul a n ce ent hu s iasts will be g lad to see, o r ca n it b e that h e is a bookseller and n ot a m ed ca l man? Of co ur e we s h o uld a ll welcome a T extbook reduced in price; but ca n we expect it in these d ays of a dy anccd costs? Sure ly o ur a nonymou s friend a nswers hi s 0 \\ 11 question when h e remind u s that a n ew T extboo k m ea n s n ew forms of exam i natio n an d r ev isio n of other publications, a ll of whi c h add to the expe n ses of re\ i iOIl In co n c lu sion, I thank yo u for your r e\' iew in the Gazelte which I found really helpful.

Thank for yo ur t h anks. I freely confess th at I r ad the new T extboo k ca r e full y three t im es before I yentured to take up my pen a nd r e\' ie w it s a lt erations.- N.C.F

TR EATMENT OF LYSOL POl SON ING

L. G. (WalJasey).-I n o t e that Epsom or Glauber Salts are recommended in R ev ised Textbook for a dmini st r at ion in Lysol Poi so nin g vVh at effect would these r e m edi es h ave as ne utr a li ser or purgative? Y ou r kind a d\ ice will be much appreciated.

Lysol an d Carbolic Acid belong t o the same er ies of poisons Theor et ically the Sulphate contained in Epsom or G la uber s' Salts co mbin es with the Ca rboli c e l e ment in Lyso l or Carbolic Acid to g'i\,e a harml ess a lt. A, howe\ er, 1 have burn e d m y hand with a comb inati o n o f Carbolic Acid and it s r e puted antidote, I ha\ 'e good rea on for doubting t h e \'a lue of the s uppo se d neutrali in g age nt .- N. C. F.

PAIN S

W. \V. (S hr e w sb ury).- Plcasc tell me the co rr ect treatment for pa in s in sto mach from which I h a\'e s uffere d for e ig ht ee n month s and which ha\ 'e not yielded to treatm e nt presc rib e d by my do c tor.

The Textbook forbids m e as a Fir t A id e r to t a k e on cc the dutie s an d re s po n ibiliti es of a Doctor"; a nd in acc ordance with it s in st ruction s I a dvi se you to persevere wit h your doctor's treatment and to co n s ult him aga i n a nd aga in if necessa ry till you are c ur ed. - N .C. F.

FUMES OF GASES.

S. C. (Excter). - Th e T e xtbook (p 132) tells us that sOl11e ga es, s u c h as petrol, are h eav ier th a n air. I \Yonder, therefore, what position w e shou ld as. um e \\'h en going

A I D. 249

into a ga rage to re sc u e an un co nscio u s pat ient ove r come b y fume s fr0111 of motor eng in e, seeing that t h ese are composed c hLefly of Ca rb on Monox id e which is lighter th a n a ir.

The. R ev ised T extboo k (p ans w e r s your query, It tells yo u that the maJont y of gases being li ghter than aLI', you s hould k ee p l ow a nd quickly but cautious ly dr ag out pat ient.- C. F.

FOREIGN BODY IN EVE.

M. P ( North ampto n). - In a recent test we h a d to t reat a man s uffe rin g fr0111 Fore g n B od y in Eye. A bottle of lemo nade which h e was opening burst an d a piece of glass penetrated a nd lodged in hi s eye. It could be seen and appeare d easy to remove. V\ Te are in doubt as to whether we shou ld attempt to remove the foreign bod,· or t r eat as for piece of stee l em bedded in eye. -

A piece g ass wi1ich has cc penetrated and lodged" in the eye falls wlth1l1 the category of "foreign body embedded in eye" ( p. 117 ). though" it appears easy to remo\'e," the ruling of the T extbook definitely forbi d s active l11t e rfer ence; a nd I s u spect that the test was set in these t.o see if you would be tempted to practise i\ l eddlesome Ald.. So treat as la id down in T extboo k and take your pat Len Without delay to a doctor. - N. C. F.

TREAT;\IENT OF BUR:-.IS.

C G. (Wakeneld).- I note that in the R e vised (38th) Edition of T extbook washing soda has found its way back as an antidote for Corrosi\'{ r\ cids Do you consider it adyisable to use s uch? Please advise

The re\ ised T extbook on ly advises bicarbonate of soda as a neutralising agent for Corrosi\·e Acid Burns; and nofault can be fo und with this recol11mendation. - N.C. F.

HOBSON I, SONS (LONDON),

Ltd.

MANUFACTURERS OF UNIFORMS, HEADDRESSES and ACCOUTREMENTS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION FOR st. John Ambulance Brigade.

All enquiriea to154-164, TOOLEY LONDON STREET, S.E.I. BRIDGE, Telephone-Hop 0680 (2 lines) and 7065. Telegrams-" Hobson, Boroh, London."

Estab.

FILM EXHIBITIONS

to aid the Ambulanoe Movement IN ANY PART OF THE KINGDOM are available FREE for the asking.

THb.Y lr\CLUDS

"CAMEOS OF ST. JOHN" AND " TH E TOI LERS,"

a gre-l.t human document of MINING LIFE. Ambulance Work In the bowels of the Earth.

T he Optn dates are limikd, 50 APPLY for lJarticulor; EARLY. Seud stamp e d (foolscap) envelop .; to

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205, Doncaster Road, GOLDTHORPE, ROTHERHAM, Yorks.

SURCIGAL EQUIPMENT.

It STERAID (Regd.) series ot absorbent and medicated Gauzes and absorbent and boric Lintsan original depal ture in packing SurgIcal Dres sings. The dressings are placed in this Patent Container, which, by a simple rotatiun, uncovers only the quantity of gauze ()r lint required; after cutting this off, rotate the Container in the opposite direction and the remaining contents an completely protected from exposure and re ta in their natural aseptic condition. (Awarded the Certificate 0/ the Institute 0/ Hygiene )

All Dressings are ot GUARANTEED BRITISH MANUFACTURE.

" SANIBIN" (Regd ) an efficient recep ta cle for receiving soiled dres sings, sa nitary towels. etc. Constructed for affixing in any convenien t corner, provided with Hinged Lid and Spring Bottom; the contents are easily removed by releasing wilhout handled. sterilised, disinfected and cleaned. White ename lled inside and out. "ZORBO" (Regd.l PNEUMONIAJACKETS; SANITARYTOWELS; VALENDA" DEODORANT; "FIRST-AID" (Reg )

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SEND FOR PRICE LISTS:BAILEY & SON, Ltd.

MARRIOTT STREET MILLS, STOCKPORT

FIRST AID

• • TO THE ("JUQED " SICK •

160th THOUSAND

An Advanced Amhulanu Handbook

R V F J. WARWICK.

B A M.B (Cantab), Ma.JO" R.A .M.C.(T.), T.E., AND

A. C. TUI'I5T ALL, M.D., F.R.C.S., Maio,. R .A.M.C.(T ), Rtd 301 Illustpations.

FIRS r AID WALL .DIACRAMS

Complete

t of 19 Sheets on tough cartlidge paper, with K() tlel, net; or mouuted on Linen, 70/- net. Postage 1/3.

"Well sci 'c led for their purpose will certainly say. the Lefto re, much tr o uble "-Hosl.>itai.

Jurll't WRIGrlr &. SONS Ltd (P.O Box <'4' , BRIS1. OL.

Smart Unifopm Is Essential

TO ALL DIVISIONS OF THE ST, JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE.

We have nH' .i.e t1 bpeC1Gl,l1Ly ul S J.A .B. UNIFORMS fol" over 20 years and are fully conversant 'W'ith all its requirements, both w-ith regards to de sign and regUlations, and also the 'W'earing qualities of the material.

Here are a Few Examplca 01 (he S plcndld "alue we offer:

Rank H File Tunics H Trousers £2 and £2 -1 -6 Greatcoats (Grey Frieze) £2

., Trousers CBlack Vicuna H White Piping) 16 / 6 and 12/6

•, Havenacs (White Duck) 2/3

Ambulance Nurses Coats (All Wool Grey Serge) 31/6

Dfflcers' Uniforms, Caps, Sam Browne Belts, Belts and Pouches, Gloves Chevrons, etc., at very reasonable prices.

All Uniforms to Customers' Own Meas"remeots and strictly to Regulation.

Send P.C. for Patterns, Price List and Measurement Form.

THORNTON be CO.,

Tailors a d Uniform Makers, 24, Commercial st., BRIGHOUSE, TRLR'PH1NR No. 281. YORKS.

19 29 FIR S T AID

AVERY servIceable vehIcle, budt on the famous Austin Twenty chassis, and coachbuilt in first class style. The interior. white enamelled and with linoleum or rubber tiled floor covering, accommodates two stretcher and four sitting cases with attendant. Five crank shaft bearings ensure maximum length of service and the smoothest possible running. Four speeds and reverse, with four wheel brakes. Write for com plete particulars .

THE AUSTIN MOTOR CO •• Ltd., LONGBRIDGE, BIRMINGHAM.

LONDON DEPOfS:.'Jltowr. om Oxford Street, W.I. Sialiou f<r Slzowro{?IIJ : Holland Park Hall. W.I r.

90 Public Bodies use

Austin Vehicles

CARRIAGE 1,000 PAID. Pairs New Stretcher Slings, 2/ - pair 4 pairs, 7 /-; 1,000 10 pairs, 17/-

Ex-Army Ambulance Stretchers, 6 / - to 20/- each.

A. FIRTH, 20. Wakefield Rd .. PONTEFRACT.

AMBULANCE TRANSPORT IN CIVIL LIFE, By F. C. BOTfOMLEY, M.D., Asst.·Commlssloner, S.J.A.B.

A boo klet to aid those interested in Ambulance and Str et cher Work

Price 2d. each, post tree First Aid," 4 6, Cannon Street London, E C' 4.

T o FIRST AID SECRETARIES.-Please note Parkhill Colliery Class Ambulance Competition for the "Moreton"

Lna llenge Cup will be held in the Grove School, Hanley,

The Best and Safest SKIN GERMICIDE

Agent that An Aseptic chapms the Ppactitionep

Free test supply on applioation.

The advantages attending the use of GERMOLENE, the Aseptic Dressing, in hospital and domestic practice are now almost too well known to need recapitulation.

Since the introduction of this remarkable agent it has been put to the test by medical men and nurses in every part of the country. It has proved itself thoroughly efficient as a skin bactericide and sterilizer and powerful healer.

An added charm associated with its use is its soothing effect in the case of inflammatory pain, or in irritable conditions of the skin. For the treatment of children's skin complaints it is unequa,lled, because It does away with the tendency on the part of the young patient to scratch, and so spread or aggrevate the trouble.

Mechanically, GERMOLENE is perfect, and its appearance and texture have gained it high encomiums from doctors and <.hemists. Milled to microscopic fineness, the ingredients are held in a high-grade creamy base which spreads with ease, does away with messiness, and which, when massaged, sinks straight into the skin pores. Bandages may be prepared with the absolute minimum of delay and trouble, and slight heat reduces the dressing to the consistency of cream.

The manufacturers will be delighted to send a generous gratis trial sample to members of the medical profession and to nurses and hospital officials who enclose their professional cards.

SOOTHES AT A TOUCH

A I D. March, 1929.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &c., 8y N, CORBEl PLEICHER, .,B" B.C., B.A.(Caatab), •• R.C.S

AIDa TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free, lid. flrst.Ald Simplified and Tabulated, wltb Aids to .emor,. C"l. Si" laml,r Ca"tlil co"tribl4t.,r a" i"t"odl4ctio" a"d w, ,,,do,,SI his r"oa opi";o,, oj tM book. "-LANCBT.

AIDa TO HOME-NURSING.

Third Edition. Price 18. 2d •• post free.

Home.Nurslng Slmplllled and TabUlated, !ltll Aids to .emor,. Tllis b"o," wo"fh"fwll" simpli/£.s a sl4b"ct tJI"d Ihol4lti 6, ".ati 6., al slufh"t,r.' -L & N.W. Rv. GAZBTTE.

EFFIOIENOY IN FIRST-AID.

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Problems III Stud" 'Ireatment and Bxamlnatlol solved lor SenIor Studenls

1/ Wil""ut d"l4bt llu 1;",,11 will 1;, "1 r,at S'rfJ;CI i" tlu t"ai"i"ro/ tholl 10" whom it il tilsig",ti, "-BRITISH MEDICAL JOt1RNAL.

OOMMON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID.

••• net: post lid.

Brrors In Plrst·Ald and Bxplalned.

'7 "is book girllS a cl,a""" i",riglt.t i"to tM methods a"d di/J'icl4lti,s oJ ,m''''r'''cy 1".alm,,.1 by laym,,, I"a,. tlu official illl/I."-LANCET.

AMBULANCE COMPETITION TESTS

(Stretcher, Individual and Question-Six Price 6d. each net, post, I!d Each Folder contains special article on I, Training of Com petition Teams; NO.2, Conduct of Team In Room; No. 3, Errors in Competition; NO.4, Further Errors In NO.5, History of Competition Tests; No.6, Preparation of Tests. WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRaT-AID. Fifth Edition. Price II. lid., post free.

Dlfllcultles III Stnd, aud Treatment solnd b, Question and lnswer, 'f W, comm,,,d thil booll to L'(Jtu""",s a"d Stl4fh"tl wh" will ji"d II "J plat SlrfJi"."-FIRST AID.

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LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES.

Mounted on Canvas, Roller top and botlom. 215. net each. Post, IS

I. Human Skeleton, front view. 2. Muscles, front view 3 Human Skeleton back view 4. Muscles, back view. The and prinCipal Blood Vessels.

6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of .the Chest and Abdomen (B) 8 Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of tbe Chest and (D). 10. The Nervous System. n. Schemat,ic of Circulati<?n

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LIFE SIZE MANIKINS.

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12 Pp.-7 2 bandaging diagrams, with notes. Strong paper, lid. Post Id HEALTH IN FEW WORDB. By Sir I{, H. D.P.H P.R.C.S. 20th Thousand. Paper folder 3 in. and 4 in. Post free 3d. net.

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Prices 1/3 ana 3/- pe" Tin.

0/ all Chemists throughout the British Em{)ire.

Sole Dt'strt'butors: The Veno Drug Co. (1925), Ltd.,

MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS, MANCHESTER, ENG.

FIRST AID

for the The Independent Ambulance and Journal Nursing Services.

EDITORIAL .

AMBULA TC E com petitions are beAMBULANCE ing held throughout the country COMPETITIONS. this month to decide which teams shall represen t their district or rail way in the finals of the Brigade and I nterRailway com pctition to be held next month. \1iJ e are pleased to note that the auxiliary teams entering these competitions are still increasing.

These annual competitions play no small part in tr aining members to act intelligently in times of emerge ncy, and increasing their presence of mind by prepar ing them for times of crisis. It is therefore necessary that these competition tests should be of the highest standard and worked out in every detai l by those most conversant with the Textbook .

As these competitions are looked upon with such increasin g interest, it is hoped that those responsible will make them as realistic as possib le, without detracting from their educational valu e.

Loss of life 1n acciden ts on the TOLL OF THE highways of Great Britain ROADS. reached the alarming total, last year, of over 16 deaths per day. No fewer than 45 persons, on the average, were injured in street accidents each day of the year.

These figure, which are given in the annual return of the Home Office, are the highest ever reco rded.

The total number of deaths from street accidents during the year was 6,138, and the number of persons injured was 164,838. This compares with 5,329 killcd and 148,575 injurcd in 1927.

Such an a larm in g increase shows that still more patrols are needed to cope wi th the acciden ts th,H occur, Prompt attentiqn will often save life,

and it is to bc hoped that every division will do their best to eliminate the sufferings of humanity.

"IT is my opinion that the EMPLOYERS manager of any modern indusVIEWS ON trial concern should have each ACCIDENT case of an accident reported PREVE:\,TIOl\". specially to him so that he can, if the accident is serious, make personal investigations in regard to th e circumstances," states :\1r. Alexander Johnston, :\Ianaging Director of the l\"orth-British Rubber Co., in a contribution on « Accident Preyention" in the March issue of Tnduslrz'al TTTeifa7'e Other employers have also contributed their views to this symposium which should interest all those who realise the growing importance of the su bject.

DURING the last month or so, Diyisions have been holding their annual meetin gs and it is surpnsmg to note the number whose funds are not all that could be desired. ,Vhat is the reason for this? One Divisional Supt. stated that the public did not appreciate the work done, but it was pointed out to him by a public man that they did appreciate the work, but were under the impression that the funds came from other quarters. \\ Tith the Press always willing to help, it only requires a live member of the Division to write reports that would inform the public of the true facts. Hand - bills, concerts, flag days are all good means of increasing the funds. In many cases it is largely the fault of the Division that funds are lacking. It is no use hiding a light under a bushel, but rather put it in the open that all may see, for by this the Public will learn of the good work done, and one may hope, ,show its appreciation in the mcH,)oer,

The Hospitallers' Club.

THE monthly meeting of the above was he ld at the Bonnington Hotel, London, on Apnl 12th. A most important resolution, proposed by Mr. Langley Jones and seconded by Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, was unanimously adopted, which reads as follows : "That this meeting of the Hospitallers' Club respectfully suggests to the Order of St. John that a Memorial be erected at St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, to Sir James Cantlie, K.B.E., F.R.C.S . , commemorating the great services which he rendered to the cause of First Aid."

The President informed the meeting that Dr. Whitby, who has recently been in attendance upon II. M. the King, was giving his address, which had been unavoidably postponed on May 10th, the last meeting of the session. The subject will be " Parasites in Man," kindly assisted by Mr. Jackson as lanternist.

At the close of the ordinary business of the meeting Surgeon Commander A. T. Rivers, R N , gave an address on "Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve at the Dardanelles." The lecturer, who is Inspecting Medical Officer at the Admiralty for thlS Reserve, awakened war time memories and gave the meeting a very graphic description of this tragic incident of the Great War. One learned for the first time of the close connection the men of the John Ambulance Brigade had with this partlcular arm of the service. The speaker, in this connection, paid very high tribute to the help given to the R.N.A.S.B.R. by Major Darvil Smith in those early days of the War. The R . N.A.S.B.R. at Gallipoli was composed of St . John men recruited mainly from the Lancashire, Durham and South Wales miners, and they could not have been more praised than by Surgeon Commander Rlvers. IIe told the meeting of his somewhat experience whcn he was detailed for duty w1th the R.N . A.S.B.R. in chanaing from a Fleet Surgeon, with no executive powber, to that of an R.A.M.C. Officer who commands his men in addition to being a Medical Officer.

Mr. Knight proposed a vote of thanks in \,,"hich he said how gratified we all should to hear Surgeon Commander Rivers' praise of his Stretcher Bearer Sections This was seconded by Mr. Stallard and enthusiastically carried.

How the United .states Bureau of Min es Conducts Its National or Internation al First=Aid Contests. *

By J J FORB E S , Supe1 vising Enginee1, Instruction Section, Sajety Division

( Continued from page 227.)

OUTLINE FOR WORKING PROBLEM No 1.

1. Arterial bleeding from compound fracture of right thigh and bottom (arch) of left foot (See pp. 49 to 54 and figs. 10 to 13). t

(a) Temporary pressure over pressure points on right thigh and back of left knee o r thigh.

(b) Prepare and apply tourniq u ets at sam e points.

2. Compound fracture of left thigh 4 inches above the knee. (See pp 113 to 115 and fig. 49)

(a) Strengthen and su pport lim b by taking hol d of it on either side of fracture .

(b) Place bandage compress over wound and ti e.

(c) Place triangular bandage over compress an d tie. (See pp. 77 to 78 and fig. 23.)

(d) Splints: 2 of unequal length, 4 inches wide Pad well, forming arch over fracture.

1. To reach from armpit to 1 inch belo w heel.

2. To reach from crotch to inch belo w heel.

(c) Bandages (7 cravats) .

1. Above fracture.

2. Below fracture.

3. Below knee.

4 Around ankle.

5. Around chest under arms.

6. Around lower part of chest.

7 . Around hips.

(f) Knots to be tied on outer splint.

3. Cut 2 inches long on bottom (arch) of righ t foot. (See pp. 82 to 83 and fig . 37.)

(a) Apply bandage compress over wound and ti e.

(b) Apply cravat bandage over compress and ti e.

4. Simple fracture of right elbow. (See p. 103 and fig . 44.)

(a) Support limb by taking hold of it on either side of fracture.

(b) Splints: 2 splints of unequal length, 4 inches wide, nai led together to form a n " L." Pad well, forming arc h ove r f r acture.

1. To reach from armit to elbow.

(c) Bandages (3 cravats)

1. A r ou n d u pper end of splint and arm

2. Aro u nd arm and splint above elbow, cross i n fro n t of bend of elbow, carry around splint and forearm, then tie.

3 . Around wrist and hand, tying on back of hand.

(d) App ly cravat bandage sling. (See p. 41 and fig . 7.)

5. D islocated lower jaw. (See pp. 91 to 92 a nd fig 39)

(a) Reduce dislocation .

(b) Place folded bandage compress, lead pencil, etc , between teeth.

(c) Bandages (2 cravats).

1. Centre of bandage over front of chin, pass around neck and tie.

2. Centre of bandage under chin, pass to top of head and tie.

(d) Tie ends of bandages together on back of head.

(e) Remove wedging object.

6. Shock: Patient unconscious during whole p roblem. (See pp 26 to 28.)

(a) Place patient in comfortable position, with head low.

(b) Remove foreign substances from mouth.

(c) Wrap in blankets, clothing, etc.

(d) Pour aromatic ammonia on cloth and let patient inhale fumes.

(e) Place wrapped hot water bottles, hot bricks, etc., around patient under covers.

(f) Rub extremities toward body under covers.

(g) Do not give stimulants by mouth. Teams should not be penalised for doing more t han outlined above unless it is detrimental to the patient.

CONDUCTING THE CO l TEST.

The contest is conducted during the afternoons of two days, beginning at 1.0 p. m. and lasting until about 5.0 p.m. The teams are required to work five problems each afternoon. Ties, if any, are decided immediately after the second afternoon's events are completed.

Just prior to the beginning of the contest the c hief judges call a meeting of all judges at which they are given final instructions as to the standards which govern the contest and the of s corina At this meeting the judges are also gIven the nubmbers of the teams which they are to judge. The contest proper is conducted as follows :-

A I D. 255

The problem and score cards for the first event are then by messengers Lo the judges and at the sound of a gong the judges hand the problem to the team captains. The teams are allowed three minutes to read and discuss the problem and to assemble material which they think necessary for the proper treatment of the patient. After three minutes have elapsed, a second gong is sounded to signify the beginning of the period allotted for working the problem. This period is usually 10 minutes. Competent timekeepers are at hand and keep careful check on the time, working in cooperation with the announcer who operates the signaling gong. \iVhcn the allotted working period has elapsed, a third gong is sounded to notify the teams that the time for working the problem has expired and overtime has started. At one- min ute intervals, after the working period and until all teams have completed their work, the gong is sounded to keep the judges and teams advised of the length of overtime. At the completion of the work of his team, the captain calls them to attention and notifies the judge that the patient is ready for inspection. ' The judge carefully checks the work and marks the score card accordingly. The score card is then delivered to the supervising judge for approval and in turn he dispatches the cards for his group by messenger to the chief judges. The chief judges relay them on to the recorders. This procedure, of course, is carried out for each event in the contest.

The score cards are also prepared by Bureau of Mines officials. These are known as discount sheets. A typical set of discounts follows :-

TABLE OF DISCOU?\"TS.

Note: No team will be discounted more than once for anyone mistake in the same problem where such mistake may be discounted for under more than one of the 14 sections of discounts, except when symptoms are involved. In symptom problems a team may be penalised for failure to explain symptoms and also under the various other sections of discounts when working the problem. Teams will be additionally discounted for repetition of the same mistake in the same problem; for example, two tight bandages, 4 points discount; three granny knots, 3 points discount, etc.

(To be continued.)

Colchester Borough Police won the Colchester Borough Ambulance Challenge Cup competition, held at the Moot on March 26th. Four teams competed, and the plac1l1gs were as follows :- 1, Borough Police 104 points' 2, L.N.E.R., No.1 team (the 87; 3, L.N.E.R.: 0 team, ; 4, St. John Ambulance, 32. The h ghestI pnze W : IS WOI1 hy H , Si111ll011, -

2. To reach from elbow to t i p of little finger.

* Publi,hed by permission o f the Dire ctor, U.S. Burea u of M ines. t Referen c es are to Manual of First-Aid Instruction for by a Commit lee of Surgeons on Stand11,rdisnt:on of First Aid: Rev. Ed., Bureau of Mines, r92I, 2? [ pp,

After the teams and judges have taken their respective p l aces on the field, the announcer calls them to attention and explains the field procedure as set forth in the rules . All announcements are made from the centre of the field by the announcer who uses either a megaphone or an amplifying device. It is essential that all announcements be made clearly so that all teams and j udges receive instructio n s a n d s tart their work s i m u ltaneously.

H. R. H. Princess l\lary will \ isit Nof\\ c h on Jun e 29 th next, to open the new out-patients' department of th e Jenny Lind Hospital for Sick Children. During- th e aft e rnoon Her Royal Highness, as Commandant-in-Chief of Red Cro ss Detachments, will in s pect the Reel Cro ss memb e rs of th e city and county, and the St. John Diyision in city county have also been invited to be pres ent. Th e Jl1 Sp ect.LOI1 will be followed by competition fir s l- a ld l1ursll1g work at the conclusion of which Pnnces s l\lary ",JlI pre en!. the prior to leaving for London at 6.35 p.m.

Brigade Reports.

No. I (Prince of Wales') District.

The ninth annual dinner of the Croydon Dn'lslO n was. hcld at the Cafe Royal, North End, on Tuesday, Apnl 2nd There was an added interest in the function, as it marked the coming-oI-age of the division. Ald. VV. B. Southwell, J.P., who was accompanied by Mrs. Southwell, presided.

Ald." South\\:ell. proposed the " .St. John Ambulance Igadc, and saId It had not been hIs lot to be associated wIth many organisations such as that which was giving to the community without reward.

LIeut.-Col. Brooks (Commissioncr No. 1 District)

". Continued. Success to the Croydon Dlvls:on, and saId the commg-of-age was an important OCCaSI?n Only two of the original members remained, Dr. RIdley and Private Malcher.

Supt. Goldie said the continued success of the loc al was due to co-operation. "I think as a division It .IS tlme we got some support from the Borough of ClOydon. Durmg the 21 years of our existence we have ne-yer once made an appeal to Croydon for funds. I am gomg. to ask the Borough of Croydon to give us a twentyfirs t l?rescnt, and before the end of 1929 we want £500, a very small sum for a town of over 200,000 111habitants."

puring the evenin.g presentations were made of competItlOn spoons. to G. Halliday, winner of the Dr. Gaffney ShIeld; to Pnvate M. Halliday who secured tacse 111 tGhe competition; and the 'N.e.O.'s Cup gIyen)y upt. oldie) to Corporal J. Brewer. 1\.1rs South\\'ell made the presentations. .

A sparkling variety entertainment, given by the Stagers, under the direction of Mr. Arthur Gnmble, was much appreciated .

SOUTHEND-ON-SEA.-New property has been acquired by the Southend-on-Sea Division but the b ·ld· the' , Ul mgs 1 eop reqUlre vanous renovations and alterations at an estImated cost of £1!800, to which the local public have been .asked to .subscnbe. A twelyc-page booklet has been settm!; a short history of the Order in the wIth photographs of the Ambulance and N ursmg DivislOns, the Kursaal First Aid Station also plans of the new headquarters. It also gives number of cases t.reate? per year and other duties carried out. The Hon. Fmancial Secretary (Mr. e. Wilfred Fee 24, Road, Vvestc1iff-on-Sea), is open to ?OnatlOns, and has every hope of the appeal getting its Just reward.

No.2 Di ... trict.

annual meeting of the Brid _ wat:r DIVISIon was held in the Council Chamber ;n ch 26th. The Mayor (Councillor F 0 S ) Sided ad' . ymons pre( h n was supported by Alderman S. Berry J P onorary treasurer), Dr. G. W. Harvey Bird an'd Mr' A. Wevell (honorary secretary). ,.

t stated during the year the ambulance 1 ave e. 1,0.)4 mIles.. This added to the previous two years gIves a t?tal mdeage of 3,599 miles for the 355 cases handled Sll1ce December, 1925. Patients had been takcn or fetched from Bristol, Highbridge, Burnham Weston, and YJatchet, but the majority of cases are fo; the local hospItals and nursino- homes Th D' b e IVlSlOn con-

sists of fOI:ty men, who had met weekly throughout th e year. Durmg the year Dr. Cromie, our Divisional Surgeon, gave a course of lectures, and at the examination held on. and conducted by Dr. Burns, of HIghbn?£?·e, eIght recrLllts passcd and subscquently joined the DIvlslOn.

The after distributing awards, spoke of th e great pleasure It gave him to be present, because he felt that the work of the Ambulance Brigade in Bridgwater was a great and noble ,"'ork of which the town must be yery. proud. He congratulated the members who had qualIfied for and 011 the splendid work they had done the Interest they were taking in the work of the BrIgade.

SOUTHAMPTON.-The Southampton Division o'ained the .first place in thc competition held at Instltu.te, on March .23rd, gaining th e of esentmg HampshIre agamst the seven other countIes whIch make up their district.

Teams showed keen. rivalry, and some very smart ,\ ork was seen, and the Judges announced the results as follows: Southampton (169), Eastleigh (158), Aldershot (1-J.4), Alverstoke (142), and Bournemouth (140). ambulance shIeld was presented by Mrs. Chinery of Lymmgton (Lady County Officer).

No. 3 District.

BIRMINGHAM.-\he Birmingham Corps of the St. John Bngade were in keen competition for the Challenge Shield at the rooms of th e MIsSIOn, Floodgate Street on Ma'rch 6th and and Butler> team) which' had won in succeSSIve years, were, m the result, .beaten by two point s only by the G.W.R. team, Snow. HIll. The winners will other teams representing dIfferent parts of the disand as a rcsult of this eliminating contest the sid e WIll be fo\md to compete in London for the Dewar Shield. Judges. were: Stretcher, Dr. F. H. Maberly· 1l1dlVldual practIce, Dr. H. D. Burn; viva voce Dr. L. A' N L1l1e.

The teams .were placed as follows: I, Snow Hill (G.W.R); 2, Butlers; New Street (L.M. and S.)! 4, MedIcal MisslOn; 5, MIdland Carriage' 6 Sm.ethwlck; 7, Saltley (L.M. and S.); 8, Smith Stone'and KnIght; 9, Dunlop's; 10, Kynoch's. '

LOUGHBoROUGH.-The annual meetin o' of the Loughborough Centre, S.J.A.A., was held at bheadqua rters in on FrIday, March 23rd. Ald. F. A. Stenson preSIded m the absence of the Mayor (Coun. Alan Moss) and supported by Mr. R. e. Goold (chairman of commIt.tee), Mr. Geo. MacBriar, and Mr. G. F. Browne (finanCIal secretary).

The annual report, by Mr. Browne, showed that progress was contInumg satisfactorily, and classes been attended. The motor ambulance service contmued to be of great benefit to the town and dIstnct, had dealt with 684 cases of removals 153 d t d 37 f , acClen s, ap cases 0 Illness The total number of cases dealt WIth was 874, and the mileage covered 5 530 F the sheet it would be gathered that was sound, thanks to the generosity of subSCrIbers, and once more they had to express appreciation

April, 1929.

of thc services of t h e Ladies' Committee who organised the flower day.

A system of first -aid road patrols had been inano·mated at the bcginning of the summcr, and by that ar;angement squads of ambu lance men were stationed at selected "dangerous" spots in the county to deal with accidents or sudden cases of)llness in the area.

The Division had now installed first-aid posts and huts working in conjunction with the Police, A.A. and R.A.e. road patrols.

The huts conta.in full ambulance equipment, and are largc enough to house stretchcr cases until the arrival of thc ambulance to conyey patients to hospital.

TAMWORTII -Dr. D. McColl, Assistant Commissioner of the St. John Ambulancc Brigade, entertained the members of the Tamworth Ambulance and Nursing Divisions to a coffee supper at the Town Hall, Tamworth, last month, whcn the annual meeting was also held. The J\1ayor (Mr. T. Leedham) presidcd, and among others who attended were Messrs. W. J. Webb, S. W. Dewes,

A I D. 257

vcry pleasing to be able to record that during thc year the efficiency of both Divisions had been maintained in a very high standard. The young·er members of the Division were showing themselves to be not only efficient, but really enthusiastic in their ambulance work.

The winner of the competition for the Levick cup and gold medal was Private Sidney \Villiam Gorton

The Mayor, in presentin g samc to Priyate Gorton, said it was a great plcasurc to do so, as he was handing them to a young man, and urged him to stick to the work until he ·was grey-headcd, if possible, and eYer let it be one of the greatest things in his life.

On the call of Dr. McColl, the company expressed by applause their appreciation of the Mayor's attendance.

Ambulance Officer Armstrong voiced Jhe thanks of the Division to the Town Council for the use of the practice room; to the School i\Ianagers, )'Icssrs. T. Justice and Kitchen, for their help, and to Dr. McColl for the excellent supper.

During the evening son gs were pleasingly rendered by :\1iss P. Astbury and 1\1r. H. Sanders, community

G. Parker (Divisional Superintendent, Wilnecote), H. Sanders, H. Rose, G. H. Jones, Inspector Harrington, G. H. Smith, and F. Biddulph. The Vicar (the Rev. E. H. Rogers) and Superintendent W. H. Chandler, were absen t owing to illness.

Ambulance Officer VV. Armstrong prescnted a favourable report on last year's activities, stating that many young men were taking great interest in the work, turning up at the drills and practices, making it the most attractive year of the Division's existence, to the delight o£ Supt. Chandler. Forty-two drills had been held) with an attendance of 721, an average of 17 each night.

Dr. McColl, hon. treasurer, presented a satisfactory financial report for 1928. The total income, including balance carried forward from 1927, amounted to £107. The total expenditurc, roughly, was in the reo-ion of £50, leaving a handsom e credit balance of £57.

A Christmas draw organised by Private Startin and others realised £22 9s., whilst subscriptions from vicepresidents, etc., amounted to £14 8s.

Speaking of ambulance work, Dr. McColl said it was

singing being led Supt. George Parker. 1\1r. H. Rose was the accompal1lst.

No. 4 District.

CREwE.-The l\1ayor of Crewe (Mr. \V. e. presented the" Pat \V arneford" cup the Crewe. A Division of the St. John Ambulance .Bnga?e at a gathering of all Cre\\"e diyi ions of the bng-ade_111 the Borough Schools Crewe on \Vednesday, 1\.Iarch 21th.

LOl;O" seni'ce medals were also presented to Corps A. A. J ackson) Supt. W. :J1ason, Divisional Supt. J. E. Ankers, Pnvatcs J. Garrett and J. Wilde. 1· . h C There are now 15 long service medal m crewe detachment, their combincd length of serVIce bemg nearly 300 years.

EGREMONT.-The junior competition preliI?inary round for the l\Iiners' VveHare Cup took place 111 the

The "A" (right) and "B" (left) teams of the Exchange Ambulance Di: ision, No. -+ District, together \\ ith Di\"i ional Superintendent and . A.rl11ltage.

Thc "Lester" Cup shown was won by the "B" team, "A" team being the rUl:ners-up .. Thl Diyision was formed on March 17th, 1928, and ha\"e \\'on the cup t\\"o year 111 succeSSIOn.

'\Iarket Hall, Egremont, on March 27th, when t h e final pJacings were :-

Ullcoats A, 91; Aspatria A, 83; William A, 81; Ladysmith A, 75

Dr. Robertson, CIeator, was the adj udicator; Major Highton presided, and was supported by Mr. W Leck, J\Ir. Brown (H.M. Inspector of Mines), Mr. Morgan (Works Manager of Whitehaven Colliery), Mr. A. Dawson (Manager of William Pit), and Mr. Graham (Under-Manager of William Pit).

Mr. Brown proposed a vote of thanks to Dr. Robertson, the Chairman, and the Egremont Council for the use of the hall. The teams were afterwards entertained at tea.

WI-IITE1L\vEN.-To encourage the ambulance spirit in and about the 'Whitehaven collieries, Mr. H. W. Walker, the chairman of the Colliery Company, has presented a challenge shield to be competed for annually by the teams associated with the Company's pits, and the first competition took place at the OddfeUows' Hall, Whitehaven, on Monday, March 18th.

The shield is in silver and bears an engraved pictorial representation of Haig Pit with an ambulance team of miners assisting an inj ured comrade in the foreground.

Dr. Fletcher, who judged the competition, gave the following results:-

!, IIaig- "Vellington, 108; 2, LadysT!J.ith 1, 102; 3, WIllIam 3, 90; 4, Ladysmith B, 62; 5, William 2 61' 6 William I, 51. ' "

No. 5 D istr jct.

BRADFoRD.-A picturesque album-shield, presented by Assistant-Commissioner H. C Else (Sheffield), to be held each year by the ambulance and nursing division showing the best results in general efficiency of the divisions in No. 5 District of the St. John Ambulance Association, was won by the Bradford Tramwaymen's Division for the year 1927. Owing to some delay in the preparation of the trophy, the presentation was not made until March 30th, when the members of the ambulance and nursing sections attended in considerable force at their de120t in the Carlton Chambers, Westgate, for the presentatlOn ceremony.

Capt. A. Ellison (Assistant-Commissioner for the West Riding area) presided, and complimented the members on the excellent work which had made them the first winners of the beautiful trophy.

Assistant-Commissioner Else, in handing over the trophy to Supt. E. Bussey, urged the members to attend the summer camp at Scarborough. He trusted, too, that they would all do what they could to bring the road scheme to a successful issue.

A vote of thanks to the donor of the shield was carried with acclamation on the proposition of AssistantCommissioner Chambers, seconded by Supt. Bussey.

HANDswoRTII.-The third annual dinner of the Handsworth and District Ambulance Division was held at the Old Crown Inn, Handsworth, during March. About 50, 111clud111g members and wives and friends, sat to an excellent meal. A splendid entertainment was gr,:,en, the .artists being Mr. A. Beech, Mr. W. Foster, and MISS E. PIke.

Among those present were: Corps Supt. Hamer F. Russell and Mrs. Russell, J.P., Corps Officer W A. B:owne M.rs. Browne, Divisional Supt. R. P. RIchards, MISS W. I. (Ilkeston), Miss D. Smith (Chesterfie}d), Sergt. -MaJor A. Fielding- (Sheffield) and Mr.s. FIeld1l1g, Staff-Sergt. F Philbey (Sheffield) and Mrs. Phllbey, Staff-Sergt. G. Walters (Handswort h ) and Mrs. Walters, Sergt. Burton and Mrs. Burton.

Corps Officer W. A Browne proposed "The Division." He mentioned that the Corps Superintendent had received a letter from the Master Cutler (Mr. T. G. Sorby) expressing warmest thanks on behalf of hims elf and the Mistress Cutler to the members of the Brigad e who had recently carriee! out various duties at the Cutler s' Hall.

Divisional Supt. R. P. Richards responded on beh a lf of the Division, and stated that the Division had had 46 parades, with an average attendance of 18. Considering the great inconvenience caused by shift work and th e distance some members had to come, they claimed th at the attendance of 54 per cent. which they had was v e ry good

Every member was a worker, and it was because of this that their present high standard of efficiency had bee n maintained. The \tVhitsuntide camp at Grindelford h ad to be abandonee! last year on account of the great numb er of men required for road service. This was a disappoin tment to some members, but was partly compensated f or by spending week-ends under canvas at Fox House. F or the last six months twenty members of the Handsworth Division had put in 1,819 hours of duty and attended t o 361 cases.

KEIGULEY.-At the annual meeting of the Keighl e) Corps of the St. John Ambulance J?rigade, held in th e brigade rooms in Spencer Street on Friday, March 15 th, Supt. W H. Smith presided Mr. A. Redman, the divisional secretary, in subm itting the report of the year's work, said that the numb er of cases recorded during the year where first-aid tre atment was rendered totalled 1,420, but this did not repr esent anything like the actual number, as some of th e members had omitted to record all the cases they had attended. Viscountess Mountgarret, the Lady Distri ct Officer of No.5 District, had presented a cup for compe tition as the preliminary round of the Dewar Shield Co mpetition.

The balance sheet was submitted by the H on. Treasurer (Mr. J. A. Gott), who reported a balance 011 the year's working of £11 165. lId The balance sh eet was accepted, and the best thanks of the committee giv en to the Medical Officers and Auditors.

After a long discussion on the advantages and di sadvantages of holding another drum-head service th is year, it was finally left to the committee to make a decisi on. It was also decided that the road scheme be carried 011 as previously. The question of holding a house-to-hou se collection during the coming year, or the substitution of a flag day, caused a good deal of discussion among th e members, most of whom seemed to favour a house -t ollouse collection.

BENTLEY.-A great crowd of Bentley people attend ed the unveiling- ceremony at the Dr. Joseph Walk er memorial on the side of the Askern Road at Bentley on Sunday, April 7th. The memorial is unique. It is a monu · ment of stone with a St. John Ambulance first aid outfit inside, for use in case of accident in the district. On th e top is the familiar Red Cross, which will be illuminat ed at night. Beneath is the badge of the St. John Ambulanc e Brigade, and the first aid equipment is enclosed in th e body of the stonework. On the front is a bronze plaqu e, and the full inscription reads: "Roadside Ambulan ce: Cabinet. R.I.P. Dr. Joseph Walker, M.D., Division a l Surgeon, died November 4, 1928. Erected by Bentl ey Colliery Division in memory of one who devoted 17 year s' faithful service to the St. John Ambulance Brigade."

SnEFFIELD.-A permanent ambulance station has been erected opposite Fox House Inn by the Sheffield Corps of the St. John Amb ul ance Brigade. It i s a we ll appointed

Apr il , 19 29 FIR ST

building, 2S feet by 14 feet, and will be equipped with all Jlecessary first-aid materials.

The building was erected with reconstructed stone, (111d a start made on March 29th. The whole of the operalions are being carried out by voluntary services of membe rs of the Ambulance Brigade under the supervision of 1'1r. Hamer Russell, the Sheffield Corps Superintendent.

The interior is partitioned into two parts. One portion will be used solely as a dressing station or surgery, and the other part will be utilised for the accommodation of the Brigade members. The station will displace the tents that have hithcrto served as temporary first-aid places. Ambulance men will be on duty each week-end for dealing with casualties, and arrangements are being: made with the A.A and others whereby the use of st ation will be at once available at any time an accident may occur.

An instance of the usefulness of the Brigade's activi · l ics in the district was afforded during the afternoon when a call for an ambulance was received from Castleton. An a mbulance tl1at was at the scene of the building operations

A I D. 259

The ambulance report was given by Supt. G. F. Allen. N1l1et,Y cases were conveyed a distance of 1,234 miles, he saId, and 182 hours were given in voll1ntary transport hy Sergt. Walker.

No. 6 District.

CHARLAW SACRISTO:-.l'.-The annual church parade of the Charlaw and SacrIstan Collieries Diyision was held on March 24th. Assembl ing at Craiglands, the proc es si on was f.ormed under lhe direction of Corps Sergt.-1\I a jor W. It was headed by the Ch a rlaw and Sacnston Brass Band and comprised 40 ambulance m en from the contingent, under Divisional Supt. J. Taylor. together WIth representatives from Brandon and Craghead, in of Supt. W. E. Ro g ers and Officer Cooper, GIrl GUldes under the care of Miss Brass B:ownies in charge of Miss Forster, and th e Boy With Scoutmaster Ward in command.

The service was held in the Wesleyan Chur ch, Corp s Officer J. N. Thomas being th e Chairman. Pray e r w as

BJackhal1 Colliery Team (1 o. 6 Di , trict), winners of the "C. B. Palmer" Challenge Trophy, 1928 and 1929, 2nd place for the Committee Cup and ledals, and Ilnalists in the "Donald Bain" Competition. Back row: A. and S. Geddes. Seated: R. Tayler, A. J. Leighton (captain), and J. Geddes. was sent and it was found that a motor-cyclist had been hurt by being thrown off his machine. The acCid ent is 11elieved to have been due to a skid.

STAPLEFORD AND SANDIACRE.-The Annual Meeting of th e Stapleford and Sandiacre Division was held on March 17th; Councillor T. Northwood stated that a new motor was needed, and suggested they should make a public appeal for subscriptions. They had collected £50 already, C\,nd there were numerous firms that would allow them an on the instalment system. He was not in love WIth that method, but it seemed to be the only way.

Mr. H. N uthall, the Chairman, remarked that he had al ways appreciated the work of the Brigade) and in whatev er part of the country he had lived it had been a pleasure to them. Voluntary work, as he knew from exPC Tlence, was apt to be somewhat disheartening, and often thl11,g-s seemed to be going the opposite way to their wishes

The Secretary, Mr. T. H . Northwood, reported 123 ca se s of first-aid had been rendered, involving 26 hours. Tn public dtlty they had given 350 hours and 240 hours ha (l been spent on road patrol.

offered by Ambulance Officer l T. Birtley, Supt. Taylor read the lesson and the P.S.A. String Band rendered a pleasing selection.

The special speaker was Mr. T. F Brass, O.B.E., M.A., lP., officer of the Order, who wore his decorations.

MIDDLESBROUGII.- ine ambulance teams from Northumberland, Durham, and the North and East Ridings of Yorkshire took part at Middlesbrough 0!1 Saturday, March 16th) in the finals of the annual competitions for No.6 District of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. A very high standard was attained by the competitors. The judges were Dr. W. H. Pallett, Dr. D. F. O'Kelly, Dr. l A. Hislop, Dr. l H. Thornley, Dr. J. Johnston. The secretarial arrangements were ably carried out by Corps Supt. H. S. Crace, d Newcastle. The awards were as follow:-

Silver Challance Cup: I, 1\Iiddlesbrough Central Division (A. team), 306 marks; 2, Houghton-Ie-Spring, 298; 3, Ellington Division, Ashington Coal Co. Corps, 239. The winners will represent the District in the "Dewar" Shield competition.

FIRST

Gibbon Bowl (open to teams of which no member has previously held a district 1, St. Peter's Division, ewcast le, 309; 2, DI:'Ision (B. team), 282; 3, Brandon Coillery DIVISlOl1, MIdDurham Corps, 278.

Palmer Trophy (open only to teams of which all bers are employed as miners): 1, Blackhall Coillery DIVIsion, 305; 2, Houghton-Ie-Spring Division, 299; HettonIe-Hole Division, 263.

The Mayoress of Middlesbrough (Mrs G. Al exa nder) presented the trophies and medals to the W1l1ners.

JARRow.-A re -e xamination of the Janow Division took place at the headquarters on March 25th. One Superintendent, four Officers, six .C.O.'s and 35 men sat! the examiner being Dr. Lyons, of South ShIelds, \\"ho expressed himself highly satisfied with r es ult and the smartness and knowledge of the candIdates. Supl. Harry Hunting replied on behalf of the Brigade. -

No.8 District.

HORsHAM.-The real value of the work done by the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and the Horsham. Division in particular, was emphasised ,,,,hen the annual d1l1ner was held at Wakefield's Cafe, West Street, Horsham. Supt. \"1. L. Watton presided over a good company.

Following the loyal toast, Dr. G. S. Morgan toasted "The Horsham Division of the St. John Ambulance Bngade." As doctors in the town, he said? they with the Brigade, and were always pleased WIth the effiClent way ill which things were done. .

The Chairman thanked Dr. Morgan for hIS expressions of appreciation of the work of the Division. The Brigade had the respect of the doctors-a most important thing.

Mr. H. Hutton, J.P. (Chairman of the Horsham Urban Council), responded, and said the Council could do no other than encourage the Brigade in every possible way, becaus e it was a great asset to the town.

P.S. Wright, on behalf of the police, read a letter from Supt. W. H. Beacher in appreciation of the assistance received from members of the Brigade.

NO.9 District.

DAWLISrI.-The silvet shield, presented by Major Harvey, was competed for at Dawlish on Thursday, March 14th. Five teams entered, the judges being Dr. Morton Palmer (Teignmouth) the stretche r test, and Dr. Thurlow (Dawlish) the individual.

The placings were as follow :-1, Newton Abbot No. 1 team, 1-\'2 points; 2, Ashburton, points; 3, Newton Abbot No.2 team, 106 points; 4, Teignmouth, 99 points; 5, Dawlish, 87 points.

Miss Barbara Evans distributed the prizes. The arrangements were made by Supt. A. W. H. Bassett and Sergt. D. Rickwood (Han. Secretary), of the Dawlish Corps.

PENZANCE.-The Mayor (:Ylr. W. G. Goodfellow) accompanied by the Mayoress, presided at the annual meeting of the Penzance Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade on Monday, March 18th.

The Han. Treasurer (Mr. A. V\,T. Smith) r epo rted that their expenses for the year were £ 172, and the receipts were £263. A house-to-house collection had produced £195.

Supt. Jenkinson reported another year of increased service. Tn 1928 they had removed 311 patients, compared with 253 in 1927. The ambulance had run 2,542 miles in the year-an average of eight miles per case. The strength of the Division was 33, an increase of two.

The Mayor, as Hon. Secretary of the West Cornwall

A I D. April, 1929.

Hospital, was able to speak of the splendid service rendered by the Division. The Division now removed nearly one patient a day, and one wondered how people got on before it was formed. This was the tenth year of the Branch, and what an inc timable work it had done!

PLYMOuTH.-Competitions of the St. John Ambulanc e Brig:ade (County of Devon) were held on Saturday afternoon, March 23rd, in the Courtenay Street School, Plymouth. The judges were Lieut.-Col. J. P. S War d (county surgeon, Plymouth), team tests; Dr. H. P. Miles (Modbury), individual and practical tests; and Col. F. P. Lauder (Plymouth), viva voce test. The" Winnicott " cup was presented to the Plymouth Central Team, who secured 238 marks. Millbay Railway Team was awarded second place, with marks; Plymouth Co-operativ e third, with 190 marks; and Friary fourth, with 168 mark s.

Mr. A. L. E. BerIyn (postmaster, Plymouth), in pr esenting the cup and prizes, said Plymouth owed a gre at deal to the Brigade. It was an association of which it might feel proud.

Both Lieut.-Col. J. P. S. Ward and Col. F. P. Lau der exp ressed their satisfaction at the hi gh standard of th e competing teams. Asst.-Commissioner T. Pengell y (Devon) presided at the meeting, and proposed the vote of thanks, which Corps Officer C. M. Ball seconded. Tho se responsible for the arrangements of the competition wer e County Officer T. D. Perkins (Secretary and Treasur er for the competition), Corps Officer C. M. Ball (tim ekeeper), Ambulance Officer R. J. Broad (Steward), Sup ts. Howard and Pryor (Auditors).

BARNsTAPLE .-The Mayor of Barnstaple (Col. G. F. A Whitlock) presided over the annual meeting of the Barnstaple Division, when Supt. E. Butcher said that the year 287 minor accident cases had been attended. He appealed for more members, as the work wa s becoming heavy. All the members of the newly-form ed ladies' section had passed their first examination It was hop ed to open a medical comforts depot, from which it would be possible to obtain sick-room requisites free of charge.

N

EYE.-A course of study in (( First Aid for 1\1e11," h eld at Eye Grammer School, was brought to a close by 17 members sitting for St. John Ambulance Associati on exam inations. The class was conducted by Dr. Henr y Barnes, and was examined by Dr. Herbert Christal. All the candidates proved successful.

It is proposed to form a local branch in Eye of the St. John Ambul ance Brigade. All those who are int erest ed should apply to the h eadmaste r, Eye Grammer Scho ol, for particulars.

lPswICH.-The annual ambulance competitions of the No. 10 District were h eld on March 16th. Eleyen tea ms competed and the placing were: 1, Cromer (for the seco nd year) and Yarmouth, 210 points; 3, Cambridge, 191 point s; 4. Hitchin; 5, March; 6, Chelmsford; 7, Norwich Ci ty; 8, Norwich Lads' Club; 9, Felixstowe No.2; 10, Let chworth; 11, Felixstowe No. 1.

Each member of the winning teams received a sil ve r spoon as a memento, at the hands of Mrs. Eades.

A meeting is being sought at headquarters as to whether both the Cromer and Yarmouth teams will go to London for the final competition of the Dewar Shield.

The tests consisted of a viva 'voce examinat ion conducted by Dr. Crawford and Dr. J. Pringle, and the tr eatment of an accident. The case was one of varicose veins. To complicate matters, the patient was discovered to hav e serious head injuries, and during transport, one of the bearers were supposed to have fainted. The men were

April, 1929. FIR S T

not easily .daunted, bu.t carried on and one saw patients safe ly arnve at ho sp Ital. ThIS test was conducted by Corps Surgeon Dr. MacEwan, who afterwards gave a detailed and helpful criticism of the work.

Pri o ry for Wale s.

AWARDS FOR BRIGADE SERVICE.

The Service Medal of the Order, the cherished award for service in the St. John Ambulance Brigade , has been gran.ted ,to the following members, who have each mall1talned an efficient record of fiftee n years' service :-

Cdy of Cm"dijJ.

Amb ulance Sister Lily M. ,V atkins, Cardiff N ursing Division.

Lady Supt. Annie Paul, Barry Nursing Division. Lady Ambulance Officer Temperence Morris, Barry Nursing Division. .JIon mouthshi1"e.

Sergt . Charles Bullock, Pontypool Division. Borough of Ne'wport.

Sergt. Henry Charles Worthy, Alexandra Dock Division.

The following have received Bars for further p eri ods of five years' efficiency :lJ,/omnoutizsh£re.

Sub-Co mmissioner Samuel Trevor Beard, O.B.E. Divisiona l Supt. Joseph Alfred Hanman, Pontypool Road Railway Division.

Divisio nal Supt. Isaac Tibbs, Cwmbran Chemical Works Division.

Borough of lIIe'rth)w Tydfil.

Divisio nal Supt. John Morgan, Fochriw Division. Pte. S. Ballard, Fochriw Division. Borough of Newj01"t.

Ambu lance Officer Phillip Thomas Marshall, Alexandra Dock Division.

Borough of Rlwndda.

Corps Officer Daniel Roberts, Rhondda Borough Corps.

Captain Beard thus receives the third Bar to his Medal, having given over thirty vcars' service to the Brigade.

These medals are awarded, on the recommendation of the Priory, by the Chapter-General of the Orde.r, with the sanction of H. M. the King, the Sovereign Head, and it is significant of the depth of. the St. John appeal that so many memcontInue to devote many years of their life to Its work. From the annual report of the Commlssioner for Wales, Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis

E., it is observed that thirty-seven mem In the Principality qualified for Service Medals and sixteen Bars were awarded in 1928.

A I D. 261

Ano.ther interesting feature of the report is the In the strength of the Brigade i n Wales. It has nsen from 5,000 in 1920 to 8,889 at December,. 1928. This seems un believable when one realises of the Brigade entails.

.are an increasingly effective mea?s of stirn ulatll1g interest and maintaining and eleven new trophies were presented jUrIng. the year. .There are now seventy cups and shields .111 t.he Trustees of the Priory for annual competItion In the various centres.

DIVISIOX'S CO;\II:\,G-OF-AGE.

Twenty-one years of excellent service given by Abercynon Division of the St. John Ambulance BrIgade was celebrated on 'Vednesday evening March 13th, when the members attended a at the ,Vorkmen's Hall, Abercynon. Ir. Bruce J M.E , presided and in his opening remarks paId hIgh tnbute to the excellent ,, ork carried on by the Brigade.

The Division had as its chief auest Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O. B. E., the Deput/'Lad; Supt. for .V! ales, them not on lyon attaInIng theIr majority, but also on the value of their service to the town of Abercynon. She was glad to see several veteran members, Staff Officer Henry Evans, one of the first to join the Diyision and a former Divisional Supt. ; the present Supt. Mr. VV. Jackson; Divisional Secretary Mr. E. T. Howe; and Ambulance Officer C. ,V. Gregory were all holders of the Service redal for fifteen years' efficiency, and her Ladyship hoped there would be added to these medals many bars for continued service.

Referring to its achievements, Ladv Lewis commended the Division on its Iedical Comforts Depot, which is worked in conjunction with the Nursing Division, whose members visit the patients in their homes. Over one thousand articles had been issued to the sick since the Depot was opened in 1924 and during the coal stoppage of 1926, nourishment also ,vas supplied to necessitous cases. She appealed to them to look forward still further to increase their scope and usefulness and endeavour to enrol new mem bers, seek still further to extend their service to the town and leave their Division a worthy heritage to posterity.

l\Ir. Gwilym Griffiths, Instructor to the Abercynon Rescue Station, who judged the recent competition for the CI Dr. H. 1. ,iVilliams" silver cup competed for annually by members of the Division, commented on the test, and the cup and medal was presented to Mr. ,iVilliam E. Charles by Lady Lewis, who congratulated him on his efficiency.

Mrs. Bruce Jones presented the certificates, vouchers, medallions and labels. Mr. ,Villiam Fenwick, High Constable of l\Iiskin Higher gave an address and Staff Officer Henry Evans presented a report on the history of the Division.

Among those present were :-Mr. \Vm. Pugh, M.E., Mr. G. F. Livsey, Mr. G. Griffiths (Supt. of the Rescue Brigade), Staff Officer G. Davies (l\Iountain Ash), Mr. W. J. Bevan (First Secretary of the Finance Committee), Mr. Arthur Jones, Mr. D J. Price, 'fr. D. Parry, 1\lrs. Henry Evans, Mrs. G. Davies, Mrs. G. Griffiths, Nursing Sisters 1\lrs. Robinson, Mrs. Hyde, l\Jrs. T. E. Davies, Mrs. F. Rockey, Mrs. Brown, Mrs. M. Gallani and Mrs. Bevan.

The ladies of the Nursing Division presided at the tables, and great credit is due to them for the excellent manner in which the Dinner was served. The Division is greatly indebted to the Abercynon 'Vorkmen's Hall Committee and all the ladies and gentlemen who so nobly support the work of First Aid in the Abercynon District.

AMBULANCE HALL OPENED AT CEFN CRIBBlVR.

The new ambulance hall at Cefn Cribbwr was opened on Saturday, l\Iarch 30th, by Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O. B. E., \vho was supported by :Sub-Commissioner Lemuel Jones, who presided in the absence of Captain W. H. C. Llewellyn, Captain and 1\lrs. W. H. Williams, 1\liss. E. B. Hurman, Dr. W. Edmund Thomas, O.B.E., Staff Officer D. Thomas, Corps Secretary D. Pugh, l\lr. Idris Evans and 1\Jiss Hardy, 1\1r. Jenkin Jones, J.P., 1\1r. R. T. Davies, Mr. \V. T. Lewis, :\1r. E. James, 1\Ir. T. Hocking, 1\1r. Lewis Thomas, 1\1r. T. Francis, lr. W. J. Owens, :\1r. T. Lewis, the Officer-in-charge of the Cefn Cribbwr Division (Supt. William Browning), the Divisional Surgeon (Dr. T. C. Ghose), the Secretary (1\Ir. G. l\Iattbews), the local ambulance and cadet units, representatives of the Brigade from the adjoining areas and a great many of the officials and workmen from the collieries near by.

Lady Lewis was given a cordial reception and presented with a bouquet by l\1iss Ivy Browning, daughter of the superintendent of the division. Responding to the welcome, Lady Lewis said the hall had for its foundations the i ndivid ual effort of each man and woman in that area, who had given personal service in its erection and shouldered the financial responsibility. It was to be used for the training of the ambulance men, the nurses, and the boy and girl cadets, and a Medical Comforts Depot was to be opened. By that means the people would have medical comfort requisites in any home in which there was sickness, and their boys and girls would have someone to take interest in them, so that the hall would be more of a social centre. She hoped the people would realise this, and relieve the am bulance men of their financial anxiety and help them in every way to carryon and expand their activities.

Lady Lewis congratulated Su pt. Browning and the secretary (Mr. Matthews), on behalf of the Division, on their enterprise and determination, and expressed the thanks of the Priory to Messrs,

Baldwins, Ltd . , particular ly to Mr. J. Picton James (general manager), Mr. W. R. James and M r. Herbert Langford for the help they had given the men, for installing the electric l ight and supp lying the current free of cost.

CE TRE COMPETITIONS

All Centres have been occu pied du ring th e past few months preparing for the Brigade Fin a l Competitions.

The Welsh Final Brigade Competitions to select teams to represent Vvales will be held in th e Law Courts, Cathays Park, Cardiff, and each County, City and Borough Centre is entitled to enter one team.

The Glamorgan County Centre held its annu al eliminating contest at the Nolton Institute, Brid gend, on March 23rd, the Llanbradach Divisio n supplying the winning team It will represent th e County of Glamorgan in the" Llandinam" Shiel d competition, and the Kenfig Hill Nursing team in the "Arthur Griffith Memorial" Cup. The judges 'were Dr. aunton Jenkins (Bridgend) and Dr. Emrys Owen (Neath) who were assisted by Nurse Edwards and Nurse Thomas, of Ogmorc Val e. Seven teams entered for the first aid and four for the home nursing competition. The results were as follows :-First Aid: Llanbradach, 188 (out of a possible 200) ; Kenfig Hill, 170; Ffaldau Ins titute and Garw, 169; Nantymoel "A", 157; Ci lfynydd, 153; Glynneath, 143; and Nantym oel "B", 132. Home Nursing: Kenfig Hill, 18 0; Cilfynydd, 145; Ogmore Vale No.1, 139 and Ogmore Vale No.2, 96.

On 1\larch 23d, the Monmouthshire Centre met to determine which teams should represent it in the Welsh Final. In the nursing com petiti on Abertillery won a brillian t success, and the Cel ynen Colliery was first in the ambulance section. This is the second year in succession that the shield has been won by Celynen, and it is a very in teresti ng fact that the team is com posed of five brothers, \Villiam (Captain), Thomas, Geor ge, Ivor and Stanley Coleman.

PUBLIC HEALTH.

The Order of St. John has decided to take an active part in Health Weeks and Exhibitions and the Priory has informed all Medical Officers of Health in Wales it is prepared to organise and equi p stalls with am bulance and first-aid materi als and arrange for its local members to attend and give demonstrations.

Several areas have proposed to take advanta ge of the suggcstion and it is hoped that it may cre ate interest and be widely adopted.

The Priory has remodelled its Stores Dep artment and every kind of appliance for mines, factories, workshops, motorists, all classes of industry and private use can now be obtained from Priory House, 4, Cathedral - road, Cardiff.

April, 1929. FIRST

THE STORY OF TIlE ORDER TO BE BROADCAST IN FOUR EPISODES FROM TIlE CARDIFF STATION ON MAY 8TH, AT 7.45 P.M.

The British Broadcasting Corporation have arranged to broadcast from its Cardiff Station on Wednesday, May 8th, from 7.45 to 9 p.m. a Sketch specially prepared in honour of the Priory for Wales by Mr. Froom Tyler on the Knights of St. John and a few remarks on the work of the Order and particularly of the Priory for Wales will be made to introduce the programme, by Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K B.E., its Principal Sccretary.

The scene of the first episode will be laid in the Holy Land, 1192, in the tent of Richard Coeurde-Lion. The second will be on the ramparts of l\Ialta, 1565, the third in NI)-1\Ian's-Land, during a British Offensive in France, 1918, and the fourth among the traffic and crowds in a street in Cardiff, in 1929.

This will be the first occasion on \Vh ich a Sketch of this kind on the work of the Order has been broadcast. The detailed programme will appe ar in clue course in Radio Tz·mes.

S.J.A.B. Overseas.

AN:-.rUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1928 OF TIlE P ARSI A:\IBULANCE DIVISION.

TIlE Parsi Ambulance Division, Bombay Corps, Ko. 3 District of the S.J A.B. Overseas, has been in existence for the last 25 years, a record period in the history of voluntary organisations. It is now passing through its jubilee year, which may justly be called the jubilee year of the Brigade Overseas in India, as the Division was first of its kind in India.

The year under report has been one of hard work. lembers have well maintained their progres s and high reputation for efficiency, devotion to duty and smartness as will be observed from the numbers of duties performed satisfactorily and from the results of re-examinations.

The membership of the Division at the close of the year was 98, there being 8 admissions an 1 7 withdrawals.

There were numerous opportunities for public duties, which were satisfactorily carried out.

Members had a heavy strain owing to increasing numbers of calls for public duties, several of which were performed ungrudgingly till midnight and they fully maintained the work of the Division at its high level. They offered their honorary services and responded to 451 calls, involving in all about 850 hours, irrespective of creed, at all hours as far as possible.

The Division turned out for public duties on

A I D. 263

no less 18 occasions. The most important of these duties ,\'as on the occasion of the Five H. Fete, in aid of the IIospitals' Funds, when members attended with their motor am balance and first aid equipment continuously for 15 days, in inclement weather and treated 49 cases. These services ,vere very much appreciated by the Fete authorities and His Excellency the Governor twice visitcd the ambulance station, and expressed his satisfaction at the arrangements for rendering aid in cases of injuries.

. the occasion of the W orli Molor Speed TrIals 111 November, two accidcnts occurred, two Khoja ladies who were spectators, being down by a competitor. They were efficiently treated by members on duty and immediately removed to St. J. Hospital in the motor ambulance.

During the year, there was a marked increase in the numbers of removals, and members were as keen as ever. The extent of their usefulness and advancement is shovi n by the fact that there were 392 calls (against 331 in 1927). The motor ambulances travelled about 3,500 miles, involving nearly 750 hours.

The outstanding event of the year was the presentation of a Grahams Brothers' motor ambulance, with all its latest fittings by Sir Hormusjee Cowasjee Dinshaw of Aden, the well-known philanthropist andpublicspiritedcitizen of Bombay. The ambulance on behalf of the donor was forma II y handed to the Division in the presence of a large and represcntative gathering, by His Excellency Sir Leslie 'Vilson, Governor of Bombay.

The Division was inspected by His Excellency the Governor on l\Iarch 10th, 1928, along with the units of the Bombay Corps. On this occasion the Division, jointly with the Parsi Nursing and both Cadet Divisions, gave a demonstration of First Aid and Home T ursing, in which a programme showing treatment of various types of accidents was vividly displayed.

The Cadet Division has proved a source of recruitment to the parent Division, as since its organisation, 16 senior cadets attaining the age of 18 have been transferred to the parent Di vision. Classes in Junior Home ?\ ursing Course were organised in which 73 cadcts won the awards. Also a course of Natural History was organised, but in the absence of the Official 1\Ianual of Cadet Course, other courses cannot be taken up.

The Third Annual Camp of Instruction for the cadets was held ac Andheri from December 23rd to 27th. It was attended by 100 cadets who were enthusiastic and keen in the working of the Cam p. Com petitions in First Aid for l\Iemorial Cups were beld in the Camp.

"THE PLUMBER « JOURNAL OF HEATING" IS. monthly) is THE paper for all progressive tradesmen.- Publish,lng Office 6, Cannon Street E.C

Ratlway Ambulance News.

Inter=RaiJway Ambulance Competition.

THE co m pet ition fo r the I nter - Rai lway C h a ll enge Shie l d and pr izes of the St. J ohn Am bul a n ce Associat i on wi ll be he l d at the No r t h ampto n Polytechnic Inst itute, St . J ohn - st r eet, Clerkenwell, London, E C 1, on May 31st next, when two teams from each of the four grouped railways and one team (selected by a prelim i nary contest) from the ungrouped rai l ways w i ll contest possession of the much coveted trophy .

The adjudicators appointed for this competition are Major J ohn O rto n , M .D. , M .R. C S , of Coventry, and Captain A C. Wh ite - Knox, M C., M B , of London Dr. Gi l bert E O rme, M .D ., of London, judged the p r eliminary contest for ungrouped railways on F r iday, Apr il 19th, at St John's Gate, C l erkenwe ll , London

The trophy and prizes will be presented by Brigadier- General The Hon Eve rard Baring, Chaiman of the Southern Rai lway.

Great Western.

A;VIBUL\XCE CmIPETITIONS.-The second (semi -final) round of these competitions has been decided at Westonsuper-Mare, Newport, Paddington and Birmingham during the past few weeks, when Lieut.-Col. F. A. Brookes and Dr . R. Connon Robertson were the adjudicators.

The eight teams who have survived to participate in the final competition are as under.

1, ewport, Alexandra Docks; 2, Pur ton ; 3, Liskeard; 4, Swindon A.; 5, Newport, Dock Street; 6, Reading Ladies'; 7, Barry Locomotive and Taunton.

SUCCESS OF L ADIES' TE AlIL -Last year we had the pleasure to record that a team composed of lady clerks and draughtswomen employed in the Signal Engineer's Office of the Great Western Railway at Reading had been successful in winning the Beginners' Trophy-the" Frank Gray)J Cup-in the annual first aid competition, organised in the London (B) Division. This success in 1928 carried the team into the advanced class of the competitions this year, and it has now secured the senior trophy for the Division, the" Radcliffe )J Shield, in competition with nine teams experienced male competitors and qualified for the semI-final round for the whole of the line In this latter contest has gained sixth position and will, therefore, partICIpate 111 the final competition for the much coveted Directors' Challenge Shield and further prizes.

When it is stated that no fewer than 328 teams originally entered this year's contest (four only of which were composed of women) it is no mean achievement to have obtained sixth place in the semi-final round.

This is believed to be the first occasion in the history of the railway ambulance movement that a team of women employees has qualified to participate in any of the railway companies' finals.

The G.W.R. final contest takes pl ace at Paddington

on April 26th and the performance of the Reading ladies team on this occasion will engender no small amount o f interest among ambulance workers throughout the railway.

C.'\RDIFF.-Under the a u spices of the Cardiff (No 8) Ambulance Division of the G W.R., a successful smoking concert was held at the Angel Hotel, Cardiff, on th e eyening of Thursday, March 21st, when about 250 m.embers and their friends assembled. Mr. F. G . Wainwnght (Divisional Superintendent) presiding, was supported by, among others, Mr. ]. F. Lean (Assistant to the General l\Ianager), Mr. C. T. Cox (Assistant Divisional Superintendent), Mr. C. T. Hurry Riches (Divisional Locomotive Superintendent) Mr. E. A. Crackne1l (Assistant Di strict Goods Manager) Mr. J. Reynolds (Assistant Locomotive Superintendent) and Dr. Tom. Wallace) Jum.

Mr. Lean, who is Chairman of the G.W.R. Central Ambulance Committee, presented the Glanely Shi eld to the Barry Locomotive D epartment team as winners in the Advanced Class and the "Sven Hansen" Cup to the Cardiff Parade team for securing premier position in the Beginners' Class in the recent Divisional competitions, and distributed handsome prizes to members of the winning; teams and of the other teams who had been "placed" in the contests. He announced that the Barry team was on e of the eight teams from the whole of the line which had qualified to participate in the final competition at Paddington.

Mr. Lean reminded his hearers that when at Cardiff last year, he referred to the progress of teams of l ady competitors, and '\'a rned the Barry team that they would have to meet a ladies' team in contesting possession of the Directors' Shield. He congratulated Cardiff on havin g a class of women employees and on the fact that) as a Division, they had considerably increased the number of new entrants to the movement during the past year.

Mr. R. Carpmael (Chief Engineer) presided at the presentation of Awards to the London" A" Division at the Padclington Town Ha1l on Thursday, April 11th, 1929. In welcoming the Mayor of Paddington (Leonard T. Sn ell, J.P.), and the 1Iayoress (Miss G. R. Snell), he mention ed that he was happy to be associated with the Ambulan ce J\Iovement, not only b ecause its members alleviated th 2 sufferings of sick and injured) but incorporated as its du al pu r pose the promotion of safety and prevention of accidents, and pointed out how much better it was from th e Railway Company's standpoint to prevent avoidable accidents than having to payout heavy compensation claim s.

The Chairman was supported by Messrs. R. C. Ki rkpatrick (Divisional Engineer), H. D . Anderson (Assist ant Divisional Superintendent), Dr W. Salisbury Shar pe (Medical Officer), Mr. and Mrs. Chubb, Messrs. F. C. ,lvarren and P W. Wren.

After the Divisiona l Secretary (Mr. D. Nash) h ad given a brief resume of the year's work, the Mayore ss presented examination awards, Competition Shie lds, Competition Prizes, and Go ld Efficiency Medals. After making upwards of 190 presentations a bouquet was hand ed to her by the Lady Secretary of the Paddington Class.

The Mayor in a very comprehensive speech congratu· lated the members on their fine organisation and was pleased to note t h at by their un ited efforts the" Athlon e " Bow l had been secured fo r the London "A" Divisi on. He felt fu ll y convinced th at not only d id ambu lance men

A pril, _19 29 . FIRST

a lleviate suffering but in many cases were actually instrumental in saving life

During the evening, a fine programme of concert items were given uncler the direction of Mr. Lea Gove r) the artistes being: Miss Ivy Almond, Miss Geraldine Fisher, Mr. Leslie Franks and Mr. E. P. Mulford, assisted hy Miss P Laid law.

WESTBURY.-W hen on Apr il 12t h , S ir Felix Po le, General Manager, Great Western R ai lway, d i tr ibu te d competition pr izes and exarn ination awards, the Vista Cinema, vVestbury, was fi ll ed to ove r flowing.

Lad y Sybi l P h ipps presided , an d was supporte d by Mr. H. R. Griffiths, Div isio na l Supt ; M r R J. Armstrong, Locomot ive Supt.; Mr. F. W . Tyler, District Goods Manager; Mr. R G. Pole, Ass istant Di v isiona l Supt., a nd Drs. Richards and Prideaux A de li ghtfu l concert was provided by the Westbury and D ist ri ct G leemen under Mr. F. C. Clarke, and the proceeds from the gatheri ng were devoted to the Miners' Distress Fund

Sir Felix Po le congratulated t h e recipients of awards on their achievement and said he regarde d Westbury as a b right spot in the ambu lance movement on the Great Western Railway, and he encouraged them in their consistency and devotion to a high idea l. H e was particu larly grat ified to Jearn that the proceeds from the concert were being devoted to the Miner' Distress Fund

PENZA CE. - The annual contest for the "Robins Bolitho" Shield, open to team.s in West Cornwell, was decided at the Western Hotel, Penzance, on T hurs d n.y, April 11th. 1r. J. R. Catherall, District Goods Manager, presided, and was supported by the Mayor and Mayoress of Penzance (Col. W. G and Mrs. Goodfellow), the H on 11rs POl1sonby, 1rs. E H. Bo litho and others. Lord St. Levan was unfortunate ly prevented by a chill from being present, and in hi s absence his sister, the Hon. 1\l rs Ponsonby, presented the trophy and prizes. Mrs E. H Bolitho presented a num ber of examination awards, whi lst other were distributed by the Mayoress

In addressing the gathering, Mr. Catherall spoke highly of the movement and of the donor of the shie ld, the late Mr. T. Robins Bo li tho, \-\Those good works were being carried on by 1\1rs. Bolitho.

Dr. J. G. Morgan, \vho adjudicated, expressed himse lf as yery pleased with the Penzance team, which was declared the winner. The team had brought credit to their D iv ision, ha\'i ng won this contest by 98 marks out of 100, a h i ghly credita ble achievement.

Southern.

The Divisional Competitions have now been concluded and the followin o teams will meet in the final for the Directors' Challe;ge Shield and the right to the Southern Railway in the Inter-Railway CompetItIon :Bricklayers' Arms No . 1; London Bridge "A"; Waterloo" A"; Waterloo" B "; Ashford Works No. 1 ; Deal No.2; Horsham; Eastbourne; Southampton Vvest No.2 ; Redbridge " B "; Barnstaple No. 1 ; Ilfracombe.

"We are very proud of the Southern Railway Centre," said Mr. W. Pate, indoor to the general manaO'er of the Southern Railway, preslclmg at the presenof awards in connection with the ambulance competitions of the Southern Railway Centre at Exeter yesterday

It had done a areat deal du r mg the five years It had been in existence, said, ancl had increased the number of first-aiders by fifty pe r cent. The standa r d was very

A I D. 265

high and they had won the international trophy for firstaiel work, and also had won the inter-railway shield five times.

The JVlayor of Exeter) Dr Shirley Steele Perkins, who distributed the prizes, said that if at every station there were m en well versed in first-aid work it would prove the c;aving of many lives The men who were taking up ambulance work were an asset not only to the railway services but also to the community at large.

The winning team was Barnstaple No.1, with 318 marks out of a possible 403. Illfracombe were second \vith 236, and vVadebridge third with 208. The judge was Dr. R. B. Duncan .

The annual m ee ting of the Faversham Division was held on March 29th. Sir Sidney Alexander presid ed and was supported by Messrs F. T. Potts (District Officer), c. P. Curling (Supt.), Coun. J. H. Johnson (Treasurer) and Ambulance Offic e r P. Spillett (Hon. Secretary).

The Superintendent reported a slight reduction in members for the past year. Excellent work had been done and great keenness shown. Durin g the year 171 patients had been removed by car and 7 on the litter; 14 ro ad accidents together with 144 other cases had been attended.

NIr. Spillett, the Secretary, stated that the balance for the year was £61 lOs He also reported that people did not appear to appreciate the services of the Brigade.

The Chairman thought that the public did appreciate the efforts of the brigad e} but were und e r the impr ession that the funds were met in other ways. It should be brought home to them that not a penny subscribed for ambulance work was spent on the members, but only on equipment to make them efficient.

London, Midland and Scottish.

The Final Ambul ance Competitions will be held on Friday, 1\Iay 3rd, 1929) at the l\Iidlanel Grand Hotel , St. Pancras, London, .W., at ?30 a.m.

The Challenge Shield and pnzes wlll be presented hv Lady Stamp, at about 4 p m.

London and North Eastern.

Railway worker from as far North as took part in the ewcastle District annual competttlOn <.>f the St. John Ambulance As ociation (L. .E.R.), held 111 the Literary Institute, Gateshead, on. March 16th. Great keenness was displayed by the respectIve teams) the award, being made by Drs. E. J. Burnett and }. Benson C1Iidcllesbrough), who expressed then compl ete sCI tis faction ,vith the standard of the team work.

The shicld, which was presented by P,ohce. Supt. 1< OO'ers was \von by Newcastle Central StatlOn WIth an of 200 marks out of a possible 230. It has for since 1897, and the winners wll1 meet the winners of other di tricts in the orth-Eastern area to decide the championship.

The runners-up were Sunderland} last year s W1l1ners, with a tota l of 18 1 marks. Oth e r teams competmg were Newcastle and District Police, Park Lane (Gateshea d ), Tweedmouth, Washington and Heaton.

The annual West Riding Ambulance Competition was held in the People's Hall, Albion Street, Leeds, the folloi'lin o teams competing :-Leeds Central, Ardsley, Lo tOssett, Batley, Stanningley Shop and Bradford.

How

CONTENTS

A I D. April, 1929.

for the G.N. Officers' Cup at Liverpool Street Station London The judges were Dr. Conan Robertson and Dr. Duncan, the former tak1l1g the indIvidual work and the latter the team work. The results were as follows:Boston, 210 marks; Ardsley, 197; King's Cross Goods, 17n; Colwick, 169; New England, Doncaster, 15 5.

The winning team have secured the trophy after several attempls made in previous years) and are to be conaratulated on the work they must have put in in order to :'each the coveted position. They now represent the G Section in the compet ition to be held next month between teams from all sections of the L.N.E.R.

Th e district compebtion of the L.N.E.R. NorthEastern Area Centre of the St. John Ambulance Brigad e was held in the North Road Railway Institut e, Darlingto n. on March 23rd.

The judges were D r. Yeates, of North Shields, anel Dr. Dickinson Leigh of Sunderland.

The results were as fo11ow:-l, (District Shield ) Darlington Loco. Works No. I, 300; 2, (McIntyre Cup ) Faverdale Wagon Works, 283; 3, Shildon Wagon Works , 278; 4, Darlington Loco. Works No.2, 265; 5, Darlington Yardmaster's Staff, 257; 6, Ferryhill, 235; 7, Kirkb y Stephen, 229.

The tests were framed on essentially practical lines , The judges praised all the teams for the manner in which they acquitted themselves,

Mrs. W. E. Blakey presented the district challellg L shield and silver cup to the first and second team s, respectively.

Lieut.-Col. W. intendent, L.N.E.R., his gratification that departments of the work.

E. Blakey, R.E , District SupcrDarlington, who presided, expressed more men emp loyed in the operatin g' r ai lway were taking up ambulanc e

Capt. G. Jackson, General Secretary, and a number of representatives from other districts wcre present.

L.M.S. and G.W. Joint.

The ambulance competitions in connection with the L.M.S, and G.W. Joint Railways centre of the St. John Ambulance Association were held at Chester all March 20th and 21st.

On the 20th six beginners' teams were engag ed in the competition with the following results: 1st, Birkenh ead W., 120 marks; 2nd, Shrewsbury No.3, 118; 3rd, Capenhurst, 113; 4th) Shrewsbury No.4, 104; 5th, Chest er No.1, 94; 6lh, Chester No.2, 94, out of a possible of 200. The judge was Dr. Gilchrist, Ruabon.

April, 1929.

fetters to the

FIRST

We are in no way respon sible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents. - EDITOR.

THE l\L\INTENANCE OF OUR VOLGNTARY HOSPITALS.

SIR,-

Can nol \.\'c leilrn ,L lesson fl'0111 AusLral ia? n FIRST. \.10 for June, 1902, p. 126, deLails are given whereby the existence of the Queensland Ambulance Transport Brigade was saved by the £1 for £1 011 all. voluntary contributions secured Why cannot the same Idea be extended to our hospitals?

The subject is wilhin the province of ambulance worker whom it is not unreasonable to expect, take more than a cas ual interest in Lheinstitutions towhich theynol infrequently hil' e to rel11O\'e the injured. I kno\\' it is a big order; for "uch a scheme, to bc just, would include the \\'hole of lhe United Kingdom. So many peopk talk loosely of our Iwspitals, as though the 65 general hospilals in London co\'cred everyt hin g.

You will say" \Vh ere is lhe money to come from?"

From the same source that can !1nd three millions for red coats for soldiers, sc\'en millions for one batlleship that m<L} be obsolete in sc\'cn years, or go to the bottom in minutes; that pcrsits in the g'lorit1caLion of bloodshed and brutality with braid and buttons and would doubtless puL the burden on thosc leasl able to bear it.

Slill, as thc idea is 30 years old, is some hope lhat it might be considered. It cncourages \'oluntary effort, Ilrovid in g thc Government kept its promise like they did with Lhe Miners' Mansion House Relief Fund, and secures a stab ility to lhe begging hat in hand, for anylh ing to relieve surfe ring humanity. Therc i::. always plenty of money lo sma" h hUl11anity. - 'incL'rL'ly yours,

E. J. R \cK\\ rrz.

PULICE FINAL.

DEAl{ Sw, -

Thc recent Police Final Competition has recei\'ed ils official benediction, but the complacency of lhose responsible for the conte l \\"Quld be badly shaken if they ,,'erc aware of the compcLitors' private opinion as to its realism.

A 10. 267

who are well s uit ed for the post of attendant, many of whom are members of the Brigadc holding Hom e Nursing Certificates, and I daresay many of thcse are on uncmployment pay. Therefore, I would suggest that these valuab le individuals are given some considerat ion when a post opens.

In the second paragraph it Slates that lnany emp loyers ha\'e not yet realised the tru value of employing these experienced mem bers of our pu blic service and I concur with the ,vriter that such experienced individuab would be a ::.aving to many of our factorie ., mines and raih\'ays where minor and major accidents occur daily and the rcdressing under the doctor's orders are frequent. Therc ,,"ould he a saving in materials alone, prevention of contarnination to a minimum, and Icss infection.

It is true that companies encourage employees to lake up ambulance work, but I am sorry to say many of those cmploycd, who are in charge of materials, etc., are not exper ienced in aseptic conditions, in much ,1I1d probable infection.

The third paragraph suggests a \'ery importanl point and I certainly agTcc with the writer for this reason : I hm 'e found ambulance boxes and their in \\'hat I term" surgica lly" a very dirty condiLion and it is regretablc that such condiLions are allowed to pre\'a il.

The winning team was Ardsley, who hold the Officer's Shield for 12 months, the second team was Leeds Central, who hold the Crowther Cup which is a new trophy. The trophies were handed to the winning teams, also a set of carvers to the Ardsley team, by Mrs. A. Brown, wife of the District Goods Manager, Leeds. 11r. T Smith, Liverpool Street, the Centre Secretary also attended The judges were Dr. A. E. Ellison and Dr. Anderson, Leeds,

G.N. SECTloN .-On March 21st, six teams competed

On the 21st, eleven advanced teams competed, the results being: 1st, Rock Ferry, marks; 2nd Shrewsbury No.2, 29U; 3rd, Shrewsbury No. I , 4th, Hereford No. I, 5th, Chester, 265i; 6th, Port Sunlight, 24n; 7th, Ludlow, 238; 8th, Hereford No.2, 23-1-; 9th, Birkenhead W., 10th, Hooton, 11th, Leominster, 1891, out of a possible of 375, The judges were: Stretcher, Dr. Hamilton, ewport, Mon.; individual oral, Dr. Gilchrist, Ruabon; individual inj uries, Dr. Reid Duncan, Altrincham Dr. Meredith Young, Chester, also assisted with the indi vidllal portion of the test.

The "Thorne" Cup for the best team was won by Rock Ferry; the" R. E. Johnston" Cup for the best individual, oy J. Naylor, Rock Ferry; the "Mrs. George Johnston" Cup for the best Junior team, by Birkenhead; the" John WiIliams " Cup for the hcst stretcher team, by Shrewsbury No.2,

The cups and prizes were presented to the successful competitors by Mrs. Georgc J ohnstol1

The scenery was the same as that u ed last year, 111 which competition il had some meaning both to the spectators and to the competitors, but which, this year, was ol1ly background. The arena \yas cramped and the competitor::. were not able to 1110\'e about freely; the assistant' were boy sco uts whom iL was difficult to treat as men; and the card of was a verbose affair of great length. No less an authority Lhan Dr. Corbet Fletchcr has declared. that for realism this introduction card should be abo h shed enl irely, and demonstrated in last year's competition how this could be done. Yours faithfully, "TOUR IQUET."

FIRST <\,10 1:\ F \CTORIES.

DE,\R EDITOR,Kindly allo:v me a in your \-".ith, a \lew Lo expresSing my opinion of the article Flrst l\ld 111 Factories," which appeal'ed in the l\ arch issue,. 238.

I h ave much pleasure in saying' the arllcle IS a \'cry interest in g one and while apprcciating' the scycral remarks of the writer I would lik e to add onc or two facts.

In the fi'rst paragraph, the writcr gi\'cS the qualitlcatiol1s usua lly required of an attendant permancnLly employed . In add ition to those found employment from our NursIng Divisions of the Brigade, I would sugge t are ex-R.A.M.C. men who havc sen'cd on the NurSing Secllon

As a moet interested individual on ambulance work, perh a ps [ am sometimes rather too inquisiti\'e to tho e in chargc of ambulance boxes \\'ho are re::.ponsible for. th.eir cleanline::.s and efficiency. Onl\' recently as ked permiSSion to examine the contents' of an imbulance box with a view lu \'erifying the complaints that I had from timc to time heard. Thi s parti c ular ambulance box, 1 regret to say, was III uch a state that I would noL dare to venture to usc any of iLs contents except a few carton dressings which I found intact. It is true there were dressings, but what did 1 flnd? The box itself was not clean by any means; it was in su.ch, a state that I remarked on this, but my remark s are noL tit for publication, Triangular bandages were very dirty, impregnated with dust: c\'ery po c keL in the box "';'1. .of dust cven thick with it. There wa s no iodine, no bonc Ointment, the old tube thrO\\'ll in amongst th e contents; a dirty measure glass, cartons torn open, and \'e ry dirty splints.; in f.act there \\ 'e re a fe\\" splints pa c ked in the box glued. In \nth .\11 this is sound proof of inexperience, and n? It IS Lime thal something ",as done to prevcnt thiS ternble state of affairs, and sooner the better. Further, the sooner .the employer realises the value of an experienced person beIl1g in charge, ",hcther official or under-man, the better for th e cause of suffering humanity and the employer's pocket. There are numerous ambulance cla es, ambulance competitions and yet \\'e find this awful st tp of Can we our ;{mbulance sLudents? " 0; emphatiCally no," For this reason, they are not taught the causes and so on of sepsis. N c\'crlheless, the does not tell them to keep a dirty box. 1S, I am plea ed to say, a great interest taken III .competltl?I1S, but regret to say that very little or no interest IS taken In the ambulance bo'x and its contents by many.

Perhaps an occasional lecture on sepsIs at our arl1 bulance classes would do some good. It would .teach the s tudents of the dangers. I ha\'e a class about thirty bel'S, and I always make it my duty to give a lecture per,lodically to keep it in. the of my I Inay bc transp'essll1g accorchng- to the pnnclples of FI.rst Aid, <tnd as ha\ ing served on. the nursll1g sect ion (the scction I loved), I was. taught fight and lhe wrongs, I cannot see any harm 111 teaching others I havc been taught myself. I h l\'e. no fault to With. Tcxtbook ; it is an excellent gUIde so far as First AId IS concerned. I

In addition to our ambulancc boxes, ,,'e have stretc leI'S (L)r shou ld ready for an)' emcrgency. 1 .contend that lhe slretch r houlc1 a so recei\'e careful allentlOn, but 1:0\\ many do; The other clay I \\ 'as inquisiti\'e. On obserYlng

what w a once a fire box, I ve ntur ed to o pe n the c1oor, a n d ",hen I did , I foun d a st r etc h er dumped in .the co rn er, a h ea p of rusty o ld iroll o n the Door, and some dir ty ol d rags and paper. - Surely a stretcher is \\·orth. more than being on what I would suggest a rubbish heap. The stl etc h cl shou ld be kept as clean as possible, and a lw ays .ready hand in ca:::e of an)' emergency. This IJrO\'es the 1I1expenence of those placed in charge.

I s in cerely hope I have the day-l.lghts of the author it ies with il view to a great lJl1prO\ ement In the cleanliness of the ambulance box and its contents

In conclusion, Mr. Editor, I thank you for your permission. - Y ours fait hfull y, DI\'. SUPT.

C. GRAY, vVakelleld Vi"., S.J.A.B.

FIRST AID I T SCHOOLS.

A I D. April, 1929.

juniors, besides the edu cat io nal va lu e of making them obsena nt, tactful, e tc ., there s not the neces s ity for them to the s ubj ect in exte n 0 when th ey reach the "vag e earning period of li fe, they enter the business worlel e quipp ed on t his sco re, a nd in whatever sp h e r e in lif e th ey a r e after ward s engaged t h ey kno\\' so m c thing of the art, a nd th ey then 1110re easily ta k e up r e-exa min at ion.

Wh y waste tim e and money, also ene r gy, w't.h st ri v in g' to teach men and ,,"o m en whe'll, for less mon ey, With g r eater ease a nd far belter results, we ca n acco mpli s h 111 0re by the e du cat io n of th e boy s an d g irl s who wil l soo n be the m en an d women wage ea rn ers of Oll:- nati o n.

Get at the boys a nd g irl s who readi y beco m e in te re sted an d in s till into their respective minds the va lu ab e prin cip le of Fir st Aid, an d it will be Jl1 0 r e uni\'E'r sa ll y known and practised.

Our Nurses Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

DEAR SIR, -

Re the leading article i n your Deccn:ber I .am enclos ing a cutting fr0111 the Brt'sbane Dal1j: sho\v'.n g the value of first aid in schools. Had tillS ch ild of n1l1e not known anyth in g of first a id the rescued c hild 'wo uld have died.-Yours faithf ull y, Toowoomba Station, Queensland.

The art is n ot for a se lect an d sem i-military fo r ce, it is one a ll sho uld know, it s o n e those \"ho learn ca n practise when the occas io n arises. No o ll e s h o uld be like the priest a nd le\' ite of old, pass by o n the ot h er s id e of the road, but a ll s h o uld re nd er assista n ce a the despi d m a n of Samaria.

A NURSING OUTPosT.-In England we have so many facilities for obtaining medical and other skilled help in limc of acc id ent or illncss, we are apl to forget the large number of people in thi s wo rld w h o are not so fo r tunate <La ourselv es . H ere we have our doctors, o ur hospitals and nurses r eady to g i ve thei r services, and our first-aiders always willing to l end a hand where necessary. Even ill quite tiny h am lets in this country the services of a doctor can be obtained in a sho rt time, and the District Nurse goes daily on her round, tending the sick and giving advice to ama t e ur nurses.

lIembers of 1\ ursing Divisions of Central Area visitecl the vVelcol11e l\lus e um, 5-+a, \Vig1l10re Street, \V.I, on Saturday, April 6th, and spent a most enjoyable afternoon.

After being given a short lecture, explaining the nature of the exhiLits, and a brief visit to each department, members were allowed to wander round and examine more fully any section lhey chose.

L. R. G.

"GRAFTOl\', vVednesday.-Se\ eral children were ",atchino' the flooded Orara River, at Coramba, and Rita Dahl (6), attempted to grasp a stick in the water. She o\'erba lanced, and fe ll into the racing' current.

"vVitbout hesitation Recia Bettridge (9), who s a good swimmer, dived in. After some buffeting she succeeded in getting her playmate to the s h ore T.h e little o·irl Dahl 'was almost drowned, but R ec a, lzav/ng learned the rltd/ments oj first aid/rolll lzer schoolleader, set to work, and after some time brought the child round."

DEAR SIR, -

A copy of the December (1928) issue has my office thi morning, and all that I have read IS the Edlon " First Aid in Schools."

The question is one which for some years back has occupied my attention here in Camlda, and hence my interest in your Editorial.

1\1y first class in Fir- t Aid was held in the City of Toronto in 1890 where I then resided. It \"as composed of men of ages ranging from 70 to the twenties impressed.me then wac; the great \\'aste of effort and tune 111 endeavo unn g to teach persons, the greater number of whom had passed the age of receptivity.'

These early impressions have grown upon me, as t h ey must upon anyone ",ho knows anyth in g about education an d particularly instruction in First Aid. I 80m fu ll y convinced that first aid instruction should be imparted to boys and girls of the higher grades in our schools. It sho uld he considered as an important factor in health educat ion.

I have found by experience that the boys and girls of the group age 13 to 16 years can more readily grasp the subject in its various aspects if the full course is g iven as pe r "the black book" of the St. J ohn Ambu lance Assoc at ion than if the garb led first a id as contained in the Associat ion preliminary cou r se is fo ll owed out.

There can be no preliminary textbook to a s ubj ect which in itself is preliminary, and at the same time co mplete.

Juni ors of lhe age group just m,entioned readi ly grasp the s u bject of first aid if the i.nstruction conforms to the sen ior textbook, and 1 could quote rnany examp les where lhe e juniors have given a good account of themseh'es when ca ll ed upon to render first aid.

Th ere is another advantage of teaching First Aid to

Otta\\'a.

Your s very truly, CIfAS. A. H ODGETTS, Director General, St. J o hn Ambu lance Associ'ation. (Canadia n Branch.) -

The Editor invites Notes o n actua Cases -wi lh special reference to good and ba d points in Treatmen t-fo r inclusion in this Column.

R ESCUED FROi\l CANAL.

A cyclist rode in haste to the loca l P o li ce Station and excitedly to ld the officer in c h a r ge that h e h a d seen the body of a woman floating in the ca na l near by. Forthwith polic e officers s ummon ed the amb ul ance an d rushed to the canal where they saw the body of a middle-aged woman fl oating d ow n stream Th ey at once sought to r escue h er, an d after much exertion succeed e d in bringing as h ore-a full-length tai lor's dummy !-F.N., Southall.

ELECTROCUTED IN GARDEN.

A man was erecting a wireless aer ia l in hi s garden when the wire, st r etc h ed across the garde n, came in contact with a power cab l e se l-v in g a n eig hbourin g co lli e ry a nd c h arged with 6,000 vo lt s F a llin g to the gro und he was found by wife un consc iou s an d with seve r e burns of both h an d s A neighbour dr essed the h an d s, an d arranged for imm edi at e transport by ambulance to h o pital where patient died s h ort ly afterwar d s - D. E., l\Iansfield.

SAVED FROM D ROWNI IG

A man cas u a lly looki n g o ut of a bedroom was s urpri sed to see a g irl' s head a ppear in the river wbich cro sse d the boltom of hi s ga rd e n. H e ru shed from hi s h o u se ac ro ss the l aw n to the river bank a nd found that th e g irl had s u cceeded in gett in g to the opposite bank so m e distance down st r eam a nd that she was c lin g in g in d es pe r at ion to the grass on the bank. D as hing back to hi s hou se the m a n jumped in hi s ca r crosse d the ri ve r b y a bridge, r sc u ed th e girl, numbed an d se mi-con scio u s, a nd remo ved h er forthwith in hi s car to the ho s pita l wher e s h e made a speedy r ecL)ve r y.-

N. A ., vV eybridge.

This is not the case in Finland, and the Red Cross Society t h ere has just organised a scheme so that some skilled assistance can be given to the sick of that country wh en it i s required; and a lso whereby the people themselves may be instructed in hygiene and matters relating to genera l welfare.

Nursing Outposts are being established} and it is hoped that, by steadily increasing these, in 5 years a satisfactory nursing service will be provided for the population of the scattered districts.

Each nurse must establish her headquarters near some line of communication on a lake or river, not forgetting that due provision must be made for landing an aeroplanc if necessary. She contro ls a district of 25 miles radius, anel must he able to deal with any case single handed} as it is not always possible, even by telephone, to obtain the services of a doctor, who may be many miles a"vay. Included in her outfit are a boat, a bicycle, and a pair of skis, by one of which means of transport it is to be hoped sh e will be able to visit the sick in her district no matter wh e re they may be situated, or \Yhat the "'eather may Not only does the nurse have to care for the sick , hut her work must be preventative as well as curative. Sh e must be ab l e to teach the people how to take care of th eir hea lth. Visits have also to be paid regularly to the schools and every endeavour made that t he little ones may grow up healthy men and \Yomen. he must be a good n ee dlewoman, as one of her duties is to conduct sewing cl a sses.

For snch a post, besides having the necessary knowedge and plenty 0 f resourcefulness, one must surely he po ssessed of great courage, powers of enclurance, and the spirit of adventure

No. 1. DISTRlcT.-In view of the proposed 1\Iarcll Pas t at the Annual Inspection this year, a series of drills have been arrang'ed for the Nursing Divisions in Central Area by thei r inc1cfatig'able Lady District Officer, l}ss Walker. Through the kindness of Supt. Stallard, drIlls will he held at St. James' Church Hall, Clerkenwell, on April 3rd and 17th, May 1st, 1 5th, ane! 29th, at 6.-J.5 p.m Additiona l drills wi ll he held at Humanity I-louse, Rane lag- h Road, S.vV., on April 12th and 26th, at 6,45 p.m, Tt is hop ed that eve r y member will do her l)est to be present on each occasion.

On March 16 t h , No. 66 (Tovnhcc Hall) Nursing' Division h e ld a clance at Toynbee Hall in aiel of funds to provide uni Fo rm s. There was a large attendance, and the cvcning- was in eve r y wayan ent ir e success. Lady District Officer Miss vVa lk e r hon oured the Division with her prese nc e, a nd Lady Ambulance Officer Miss Rohinson who h as ju st recently been placed in charge of this ne\\' Divis io n, rna cl e her first public ap p ea r ance in that capacity

This museum traces the development of medicine and surgery from the earliest days until the present time, and as each exhibit is fully described on its particular label, it is a most interesting place to visit.

Members of the Brigade arc im ited to inspect the museum any day, free of charge. It is closed on Saturday afternoons, but, even then, special arrangements can always be made for parties comprising members of the Brigade.

HoxouRs.-Brighton and Hon Nursing Divisions have been recently honoured in that their Lady Superintendents have been selected for the dignity of Serving Sisters of thc Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem.

J\Iiss Theobald has been connected with the S.J.A.B. since 1915. She is Superintendent of the Brighton ?\ ursing Division, and Commandant of V.A D. Sussex 196 Miss Field-Comber ,vas one of the promoters of the Ambulance Classes, held in Hon in 191-+, from which \vas founded the Hove Nursing Division of \\'hich she is Superintendent.

Competitions among members of S.J,A.B. are no\\' in full swing} and the various di tricts are deciding which team shall represent them on J\Iay lath, in Lonclon, when the Perrott Shield will be competed for. So far four districts han held their tests and selectecl their team. The following have been successful: -Bourn e mouth} Blackpool, Durham City, and l-I O.K.A., Ipswich.

At \Voolston, on 1\Iarch 23rd, teams from Nursing Divisions, No. 2 Dislrict, competed for the honour of representing this district in the Brigade finals. The results \\ ere: -1, Bournemouth; 2, Southbourne; 3, Lymington. On l\Iarch 16th, a competion \\'as held at Rochdale for the Royd's Cup. Blackpool ursing Division were 1he winners, with Kendal a "ery close second, being only 3 mark below the winning team. B1ackpool are no\y eligible to compete in the Brigade finals next month. 't\o. 6, District Final Competitions were held at MiddleshroLlgh on l\Iarch 16th. Among the Nursing Diyisions, Durham City \Vas placed first, \yith 1 orth Shields second, and Torth and East Yorks third. Trophies for the highest inc1iyiclnal marks in each team were awarded to L. 1\I. Robson, Atkinson Cup; E. Seymour, Northumberland. Ritchie Cup; 1\1. Barker, Jorth and East Yorks, Beyan Cup.

No 10 District Finals were held at Ips\yich on Saturday, March 16th, when M.O.K.A., Ips,yich \\'cre again the winning team for the fourth year in succession. Alcleburgll hein ,e: placed second. 1\1i Elli ton presented the Elliston Cup to the first team, \\'hile each memher received a silyer , ponn: presented hy l\Ir . Eades, as a memento of the occasion.

It is interesting to note that Dr. Hossack \\'a present ;'It the competitions in a dual capacity, as l\Iayor of the Dorough, and as COl11missioner of the district.

DUBLIN.-Tw elve teams entered for the S.].A.B. Competitions at Brigade Ha11} Dublin} which were held last month. The results were as follows:-

Individual Challenge Cup, A.S. Miss E. Summers. Runner-up, L.A.C Miss Burroughs.

Irish Women's Challenge Cup (given by the HOll. Mrs. E. Guinness), City of Dublin. Runners-up, Harcourt. Dr. Webb's Challenge Cup for Novices (the gift of Dr. Ella Webb), City of Dublin} No.1 Team. Runners-up, Headquarters Nursing Division.

ORTilAMPToN.-The Headquarters Nursing Division has been presented with a handsome cup by Lady Supt. Miss Cowley and Lady Ambulance Officer Miss Chapman of that Division. It was competed for at the Ambulance Hall, Northampton, on February 27th, the test being ill first aid, roller bandaging, and bed-making and charting. Of the four teams which entered that consisting of A.S. J\Jiss Vvhitlock, A.S. Miss E. Lloyd, A.S. Miss Padfield

A I D. April, 1929.

of the County Challenge Cup. Other teams competing, \,,,ith the P01l1ts they gained were :-Minchinhamptol1, 78-+ (who thus gained the County Rose Bowl and a special cup for the best team of the Stroud district); Prestbury, 77b; Leckhampton (lst team), 772; Stroud, 734; Leckhampton (2nd team)) 722; Dursley) 665; Gloucester) II, 663; Fair ford, 661; Cirencester} 602; Dumbleton} 597. The tw o Cooking Cups were won by Miss Helbert (Dursley) in Lhe Certificated Hospital Cooks' Class, and Miss Shepparll (Leckhampton) in the V.A.D. Class.

The trophies were very kindly presented by th e DOv\'ager Duchess of Beaufort, the County President.

On March 23rd} the first eliminating tests in th e Stanley Shield Competition for members of the B.R.CS in the West of England took place at Cardiff. Four team s entered, Glamorgan, Herefordshire, Gloucestershire and Carmarthenshire. Herefordshire were the winners, and arc now eligible to compete in the semi-finals.

The Carnarvonshire Red Cross Challenge Shield w as \\"011 again this year (for the second time in succession) h v Pwllheli, with 903 marks; Llandudno was placed secon d, with 846 marks; Criccieth third, with 841; and Portmac[o L fourth, with 881. The winners nuw have earned the ligh t to compete for the Stanley Shield.

The North of England will be represented in t h e Stanley Shield Competition by Durham V.A.D. 12, wh o were the victors in a competition held at Newcastle 011 March 16th. Teams were entered from Northumberland, Durham, Cumberland, and the North Riding of Yorkshir e, and the resu\t.s ;-were Durham V.A .D. 12} 873 mark s ; Yorks, V.A.D., 856 marks; Northumberland V.A.D., 796 marks; Cumberland V.A.D. 8, 725! marks.

Four cOllnties compc1.ed at Oxford un 1larch 23 rd for the privilege of being in the final 0 r the Stall ley Shiel d Competition. At the end of the test the teams wcre plac ed in the following' order :-Ist, Berkshire, 596 poillt , ; 2n d, Oxforclshire, 583 points; 3rd, Wan\ickshire, 582 point s: -I-th, Rucks., 562 points. Stretcher hearers vvere l)rO\ iclecl h ) the S .lA .B

INSPECTIONS

and A.S. Miss F. Whiting was successful. A photograph of this team appears on this page. The cup was presented by Lady District Officer Miss Mawby} who} after congratulating the winners, thanked the donors for such a handsome gift} and said she was sure the members would greatly appreciate this evidence of the interest shown in them by their Officers.

N OTTlNGllANl..-S.].A.B. Nursing Divisions competed at Nottingham on March 14th for the Birkin Cup. The results were :-Nottingham City} 145 marks; Carrington, 121; Nottingham Central} 113; and Sutton} 10l. Lady District Officer Miss Gibson kindly presented the cup to the winning team.

SOUTHERN RAILWAY.-Teams consisting of female employees of this railway entered for a competition last month for the handsome trophy presented by Sir Herbert Walker. The results were :-Waterloo, 218 marks; London Bridge B, 213; London Bridge A, 188; Brighton, 158; Eastleigh Car Dept., 151; Eastleigh Loco Accts., 150.

The British Red Cross Society has also been busy arranging competitions in various parts of the country.

At Cheltenham, on March 16th, the Annual County Competitions were held for Women's V.A.D.'s of the Gloucester Branch of the B.R.CS. The winners were Gloucester City w ith 805 marks, who become the hold ers

The R.R.CS. is this year organising a V.A.D Nurses' Camp at Osborne} 1. of Vl.} from May 13th unt il J 3rd. It is no,:, announced that Her Royal Hi,e;hne ss, Pnncess Mary, 'hscountess Lascelles, will honour th e camp \,vith her presence on May 23rc1. She will arrive at Ryde Pier-head from London at 12.40 p.m. on that d ay, and will inspect the camp, where it is expected there will be about 400 V.A.D. nurses in training, and will remain to tea.

The annual inspection of V.A.D.'s of the Norwich District took plaee at Norwich on March 14th. Fiv e detachments were inspected} the total strength being 122 members. Tests were given in Cooking, Home Nursin g;, First-Aid, and the usc of the Thomas Splint. A fter th e tests, the Inspecting Officer, Major L. Dunhar, O.B.E., M.B., R.A.M.C, expressed himself well satisfied, and congratulated the Commandants on the llig h standard attained.

The \Var Office Tnspection of V.A.D. Warwick 2 took place on Mareh 26th, Colonel 'Whelan attending for the purpose. Following an exhibition of practical work, and members being subjected to oral tests, a good report ohtained from thc Tnspecting Officer as to the efficlel1cy 0 r tIle lllc1l1hers.

NEWPORT I. OF W.-Through the good services of Mrs. Whitcher, the vice-president of the 1. of VY. Branch

April, 1929. FIRST of the B.R.CS., a new motor ambu lance has been provided for Newport. This lady has ohtained donations and promises totalling £360 without recomse to puhlic appeal, leaving only £40 outstanding to lie collected. At a meeting of the Branch a special vote of tl1<lnks was accorded her for her splendid achievement.

Admiral A. K. Waistell, CB.} and his sister, Miss Trene Waistell, Ass1.. County Director of the Branch, have very kindly presented a handsome Cup for the Tsland Women's V.A.D. Competition.

Lady Corps Orrlcer Miss E. M. Hart, '""ho was received into the Order of Sl. J01111 at the last meeting' of Chapter General (whose portrait is here reproduced), has done much for the ambulance cause at Ipswich. She obtained her firstaid certificate in 1908, subsequenLly joining Ipswich Nursing

I D. 271

Lady Clementine Waring, C.B.E., Mr. Gordon Selfridge, and the Com m ittee and Supporters of the League.

The great building was packed to capacity although the time of the exhibition was an unusual one, i.e., 11.30 a.m. How that vast audience did enjoy the novel recital. The entire production gave pleasure to all, and the reception of the same by both the Public and the Press shou ld give Mr. Hanmer encouragement to persevere still further in his efforts.

The audience were delighted-the promotors picked up a splendid sum for the" Winter Distress League "-and last but not least we who know :\1 r. Hanmer can imagine that little chuckle of his as he realises how nicely he has got home his " First Aid" les son to an audience who came all unsuspectingly to the enterta inment. How cleverly he manages to interw eave the Ambulance part of the work. You cannot take a glance at the picture without seeing it, and the subtle methods adopted by Mr. Hanmer enables him to do valuable propaganda work for the movement he just lives for.

fly C(llIrtcs), 0/ tl.e Easl A II g liall /Jail; i /l/es

Corps, being aftenvards made Lady Supt. of the Beechholme Division. At the opening of the Ipswich l\Icd ieal Comforts Depot, l\liss Hart was llladeLady Supt.in-Charge in 1925. During the war she volunteered for duty at the East Surrolk and Ipswich Hospital, givi ng hundreds of hours of faithful service at a time when trained nurses were scarce. It is , however, among many of the poorer hou es where her loyal deH)tioll La duty has endeared her La a great nUll1ber of sick members of the community. Quiet, unobtrusi\ e in manner, she goes about her work, which she loves, doing her best to allevi,Ite those in pain and suffering. Nothing is Loo much trouble when she can assist. Her face is familiar to the hundreds \\ ho ha\"e benefited by the establishment of the Medical C,lIl1forts DepOt in the Lown and she never misses in her atte ndance here. Only those known per onall), to her fully realise what a faithful and loyal servant she has proved to th e cause of Sl. John, and it is only rig-ht and just that such den)tion should recE'i\ 'e it reward.

Items (Divisional news and competition!', social, interesting du ties, lectures, etc.), for this page sbould be sent to Ambulance s Sler, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon S r., London, E.C·4·

"The Toilers."

READERS of FIRST AID will be pleased to learn that Mr. C. Hanmer the producer of many am bulance films, was able on :\larch 27th to conduct a very successful exhibition of his latest production at the .:\Iarble Arch Pavilion, London.

The exhibition was given in aid of the "\;Vinter Distress League" schemes for married miners and was under the following distinguished patronage: -

The Marchioness of Carisbrooke (President of the League), the Rt. Hon. the Lord Chancellor and Lady Hailsham, the Rt. HOIl. the Lord Mayor of London, the Rt. Hon. Sir Arthur Steel Maitland, M.P (Ministerof Labour), the Rt. Hon. J. Ramsay MacDona ld, M.P., the Rt. Hon. D. Lloyd George, O.M., M.P., Her Grace Susan, Duchess of Somerset, the Bon. Lady Lawson-Johnston, the

The Ambulance Secretary who desires to give his section a real push forward, is loosing a valuable opportunity if he fails to grasp the chance he now has of obtaining 1\1r. Hanmer's serv ices. \Ve published full details of how to secure them in our issue of December, 1928, and we believe he has sti ll a few vacancies. ----,_.---

Pioneers of Medicine.

FREDhRICK GRANT (BORN 1891).

THE story of the young Canadian research worker, Dr. Banting, who suddenly sprang into fame as the discoverer of insulin in 1922, is so different from the usual tales of great discoverers that one almost finds it difficult to believe. Here is no history of long and patient work unrecognised, no refusal on the part of contemporaries to accept the new theory, no death in poverty and subsequent g lory. On the contrary, the tale of Banting's life -a tale not yet half told, it is to be hoped, for he is still young-is a tale of merit recognised.

Frederick Grant Banting was born n 1891 and educated at the University of Toronto. The war found him a medical student and he served from 1915 to 1919 in Canada, England and France, being wounded at Cambrai and receiving the M.C. On his return he completed his medical studies and received his degree at Toronto University. Then he started practice in London, Ontario. His keen intellect was quickly attracted to the problem of diabetes, which had long baffled medical science.

Diabetes is usually a chron ic disease of the

pancreas, which fai ls to produce the secretion necessary to help the tissues deal ·with the sugar taken in the food. For want of this secretion the suaar absorbed accumulates in the blood, passes info the urine, the patient suffering from hunger, thirst and lassitude. Banting conceived the idea that if he could introduce into thc body by artificial means a sufficient quantity of "insulin," i.e., of the secretion of the island glands of the pancreas, the so-called Langerhans is lets (named after a famous German research worker), he might artificially replace the normal functions of the pancreas. He submitted this idea to the authorities of the Toronto University, who encouraged him to continuc and offered him a small laboratory in which to work out his theory He began his research work on the secretions of the pancreas in lay, 1921, and after many experiments on dogs and calves he was able to announce in l\larch, 1922, that he, with Prof. 1\1r. Best and others, had succeeded in extracting from the pancreas a substance called insulin, a specific remedy for diabetes. Insulin does not, it must be emphasised, cure the disease, but it replaces the substance which the diabetic's own pancreas has lost the power to produce It enables the diabetic patient to continue a morc or less normal existence, although strict dieting may still be necessary.

Much research was necessary before it was possible to man ufacture insulin on a large scale. I t is administered subcutaneously (by injection under the ski n), and the doses must be strictly regulated by a doctor, for over-dosage may be as dangerous as is a lack of insulin.

After the announcement of Dr. Banting and his colleagues of their discovery, he was appointed Professor of Medical Research, and in 1923 he and Prof. Macleod were together awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in recognition of their valuable discovery. The Canadian nation has voted Dr. Banting an annuity in order that he may continue his research work undisturbed by financial worry.

Dr. Banting's work has prolonged the life of many chronic diabetics, and has enabled many who might have been condemned to permanent invalidity to lead useful and productive lives.

In a recent address to the medical students of Glasgow University, Dr. Banting, after emphasisi ng the fact that his work was but the final stage of research which had been begun by Von :\lering and Monkowski, and had been carried on by Ssobolew and others, concluded with the following advice :-

"The paintings of the great masters, the compositions of great musicians, the sermons of great preachers, the policies of great statesmen, and the ca mpaig-ns of great generals do not s pring full bloom from barren rock. Your training herc i s but a preliminary step in prepara t ion for your life \vork. Mac kensic practised thirty years before he wrote his book on

thc heart. Tr!lining is required. As Os ler says: 'Live in a day-tight compartment, doi n g each day' s work \Ye l.' If yo u are a true student yo u will be more dissatisiled \.vith YOLll-se lf w h en you graduate than you are now_ It is not within thc power of the properly constructed human mind to be satisfled. Progress would cease if this werc the case. The greatest joy in life is to accomp lish. It is the gctling, not the having It i the giving, not the keeping.

" I am a 11r111 bel ieyer in the theory that you can do or be anything that you w ish in this world, withi n reason, if you are prepared to make sacrifices, think and work hard enough, and long enough.

" Thcre is no chance, no destiny, no fate Can circumvent, can hinder or control

The fi I'm resol\'c of a determ ined soul. Gifts count as nothing. Will alone is great.

,\11 things give way before it soo n or late "

- League oj Rt!d Cross Sociell·es.

First Aid for Hospitals.

MR GEORGE VERITY, Chairman of Charing Cro ss Hospital, sends the following interesting communication to the Da£ly Exp7'ess, London :-

" It would a lmo t seem that thc last chancc of re ally helping the voluntary hospitals is being delibel-ately thrown away by the very Government which ought to be th eir mainstay.

" We read constantly in the complicated, though u seful, statistics issued by the Ministry of Health of the losse s to industry caused by a do ze n and one dis eases, and yet here thc Go\"crnment is neglecting an opportunity of benefitin g industry by h e lping the hospitals to improve the health of the worker. At the lime, it is making the boast that it is h e lping industry by derating the factories, the breweries and other concerns. What a paradox!

" It seems only a few years ago , when I gave evidence before the late Lord Cave's commission, tha t I stated that the futLlre of the voluntary hospitals was safe if a few eleme ntary principles were applied.

" What I said then was: 'Derate the hospitals; make them free of muni ci pal bUI-dens as they are of the Kin g's taxes; grant to the King Edward's Fund compulsory powers to prevent u se less expcnditure.'

"Again, I pointed out, apart from l1lunicipal burden s, that the public sen'ices of g-as, walel-, electricity, and even telcphones s hould be compellcd to make their chargcs to the hospitals at cost.

"Here at last w e have a chance with one of tho se e leme ntary principles, and within the last day or two I ha ve hnd n c w hope s, for we h ave the Daily Express championing our cause, n new s paper with more than a Inillion of reader s.

"Now or never: never if it is left to the Government· now if the Daily Exp1'ess wins the battle for us. I maintain : twenty-flve ycars' cxperiencc of ho pital work, and Judging by the wonderful co ntinuity of the benevo l ence of tl1: Briti. h pul11ic, that if the relief which cierating woul d us IS arrordeLl to th e hospita ls, their despairing cry of GI\ e u s morc money or we mu st c ose our wards' will be el iminated for ever."

,\ Sk<-1 I11'S annual ambulance rally has been fixed for July 13th.

3 e Roadside fi rst-aid boxes are bei ng erected from the proceeds of a police concert at L i ng-fie ld

j\mbulance News euttings fvom the 3lress.

Tbe Ed itor in vites Reade rs to send newspape r cuttings on matter of gene ra l inte rest for in clusion in this column

DOG GASSES ITSELF

A dog gassed itself and was found uncon sc ious in the kitchcn of its owner's house at Reading recently.

It was revived by artificial respiration and wagged it s tail on regaining consciousncss. The dog -a valuable terrie r- had turned on the tap of a gas stove in trying to reac h a bone. E7Jen ing News.

TJIROWN TO SAFETY.

When a pit cage stuck so that it could not be raised or [owpred at Clydach Vale, Glamorgan, a powerfully-built pitman named Will Jones rescued the only occupant, Entlyn Protherol' in extraordinary circumstances.

The cage was mane-ened to a point opposite a watercourse running into the shaft, and a plank was run to the cage Then Jone s, guided only by thc glimmer of safety lamps; crosspd the 6 ft. of plank, picked up Protheroe, threw him to the other r e uers, and calmly returned by the plank. -Sanda)! Dispatclz.

KILLED BY A. CAT.

A child's de at h f rom suffocation owing to a cat on its clwst was the subject of an inqu es t at Brixton on an infan t aged s ix month

The foster-mother said that s he gave the child some milk, and an hour later found a cat sleeping on the child, who was in a cot. Sh e beat the cat 01T. Th e child was blu e in thc facc. She ca lled her SOil, who tried artificial respiration, a nd then sent for a doctor.

The coroner, in recording a yerdict of "Accidental death," said" This is not the first time an accident of this kind has OCCUlTed. Care should be taken to prevent animals like cats having access to babies in cot. " -Daily Express.

BODY AS S IlIELD.

An injured miner buried under a fall of roof in the Celtic Colliery, Glal11organ, used hi s body as a s hield to protect his boy mate.

The miner, J. H John, when he was extricated, refused to leave the pit before the boy, Ben Martin, was rescued. John shielded lVlartin from further falls and whispered word of comfort while rescuers dug the boy out. John was in great pain him se lf; but he did not leave Martin even when the sides of the pit roachvay burst.-Dl1l'll' "liad.

SAYED BY A DOG.

A tory of :en Airedalc dog's sagacity is reported from B<trrowh ill, near Chesterfield. An el yen-months-old baby was left in front of a fire, in the temporary absence of its mother, when its c lothes bccame ignited.

The dog seized the ch ild, dragged it to a place of safety lay by its s ide and kept guard o\'er .J.J.ft"rrol.

A new ambu lance was named ancl dedicated on larch 30th at Chertsey The vchicle, which cost £+:-)0, was named "Thc Chertsey and District Ambulance" by Lady Stern, the Bishop of Guildford (Dr. J. H. Grcig) performing the dedication ceremony_

Hot Bat hs.

A HOT bath is a tonic for the heart and muscles' it opens the pores of the skin, and draws the blood to the surface. Cold baths and hot baths produce the same cffect in different ways. The action of the cold bath is sudden and violent; that of the hot bath gentle and more gradual. It is obvious that few people will benefit by the violent method, whereas many people will benefit by the other.

DANGER OF COLD B r\TTIS.

It is unwise for anyone "\,"ho does not" glow" at once to take a cold bath. I have seen people come out of cold baths with blue faces and hands. They believed they were doing themselves good, but really they were straining their hearts very severely. The same people would have felt \\"arm and comfortable had they used hot instead of cold water. For hot water is a tonic to the heart. By drawing blood to the skin it relieves the circulation; also causes blood to flow more freely through the muscles; that is why a hot bath is soothing after a day's walking. sufferers from rheumatism of the muscles are able to keep clear of pain by taking a hot bath every morning; the muscles and joints are" flooded" with blood, and so keep supple. A hot bath should be hot, not tepid. Tepid water is chilling, both during and after the bath. There is none of the sting of the cold waler, and none of the soothing action of hot. - PER CIV. \L CAR:\TE in The Hoaltlz. Reviews.

SERVICES

\Ve ha\"e a nicely got up register of. the Home .-\mbulance Sen'ice, giving particulars of the statIons, places where ambulances are kept and officers in chal-g-e It \\"ill pos ibl), be remembered by a number of our readers that the Home .:\mbulance Sen'ice of the Order of St. John and the British Red Cross SocieLy was set up in 1919 with the intention of providing better means of transport for the sick and injured throughout the country. So \Yell has this Sen'ice been organised that there are no\\" 352 equipped rnotor ambulances at stations sl1o \\-n in the RegIster under review. The number of case carri ed by these ambulance s m"erage oyer 110, 000 a year.

The se ambulances are ,yell sprung and form the Ideal link bet\yeen a patient's home and the hospital or in tituLion in which he , or she, is to rccei\'e treatment.

\Ve consider that this R etTister is a reference book that eyer)' country practitioner possess, becau e the Joint Council of the Hospit a l of Sl. John a nd the British Red Cros now state that the country is so well eq uipped that e\"ery part of it can be reached within a reasonable time.

Thc R egister can be obtained from the Secretary, Home Sen ice Ambulance Committee, 19, Berkeley-street, London, \V.1.

Do es your colleague read FIRST AID, if not, s en d us his address and we will post him a cop y.

R ed C r oss B ranch New s.

CIIELMSFORD.- The annual group competition for the British Red Cross Society's Stanley Shield, open to all women's and men's detachments, was held on March 23rd at the Shire Hall, Chelmsford. Teams representing delachments in Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk, Herts, Cambridge, Hunlingdon, and London took part. The arrangements were made by Col. G. H. Coleman, O.B.E., secretary of the Essex branch. In the women's contest there were three sections-individual first-aid and home-nursing (oral and practical), team test, and general smartnessthe maximum marks being 1, 000. The competition for men was divided into team tests, first-aid, and general smartness, and th e maximum marks were also 1,000.

The judges wcre :-W01l1Cl1'S competition: Dr. A. V/. Holthl1sen (Southend), Dr. T. B. Sellars (Southend), Dr. C. W. Alford (Chelmsford), Matron Jones (Colchesler Hospital), Sister Russell (Colchester Military Hospi tal), Matron Cragg (Chelmsford Hospital), and Miss A. V. Edden (Divi ional Hon. County Secretary, London). Men's competition: Dr. S. G. Corner (Chelmsford), Dr. B. A. Batt (Suffolk), Matron A. C. Arney (Colchesler l\Iilitary Hospital), and Mr. J. W. Batson. Members of the local Boy Scouts' Association acted as "patients)) in the various tests.

There were four women's detachments competing, and five men's, and the results were as follow :-

Women's detachments: 1, Norfolk (leadcr, Mrs. '\iVellesley), 733 marks; 2, Huntingdon (Miss B. Goldie). 687!; 3, Suffolk (Mrs. Nora Cox), 4, Cambs (Miss M. E. Johnson), 677.

Men's detachments: 1, Suffolk (Mr. William Estaugh), 648; 2, Norfolk (Mr. L. P. Clements), 601: 3. Essex (Mr. R E. Webb), 592; 4, City of London (Mr. D. Benstec1) , 522; 5, Herts (Mr. A. J. Bailey), 493.

LEAMINGToN.-Under the auspiccs of the Warwickshire branch an eliminating competition was helel OIl Saturday, March 16th, at the RF A. Headquarters, 9, Clarendon Place, Leamington, to select a tr:am to represent Warwickshire in the Stanley Shield Competition which is to be held in London during May.

This is the first occasion on which the Warwickshire 11ranch of the Society has entered the competition, and in Saturday's county round there were four women's and two men's teams. Of the women's teams, Leamington proved victorious with a total of 853 marks, and of the men's teams N uneaton gained the victory with 927 marks. These two teams now compete in an " Area" eliminating competition.

The final marks schedule shows the positions as follows :-Women's sections: Leamington 853; Southam 797; Stratford-on-A von 726; and Coventry 689. The winners were admirably led by Mrs. Erskine-Murray . Men's sections : Nuneaton 927; Coventry 845. The winners were led by Assistant Commandant F Mortimer.

The tests for the women consisted of examinations i1:1 first-aid (oral and practical), nursing (oral and pracbcal), and team work. Oral and practical tests in fi rst-aid were applied to the men. The judges in the. various suhjects were: Miss M. M. Bannister RRC. (Highburv Hospital, Birmingham) , Miss K. (matro;, children's convalescent hospital, Moseley), Miss A. G. Whitehurst, RRC., Lieut.-Colonel l Kearney, RA.M.C. (retired), Dr. L. .T. H. Oldmeadow (Kineton), Colonel V.i. Pepys, D.S.O. (County Director), and Lieut.-Colonel H. J. Humphreys , O.B.E.

The arrangements for the competition were in the

hands of Colonel '\iV. Pepys) and Lieut.-Colonel T. H. llarwood (secretary).

MANCIIESTER.-The 23rd Cheshire (Crewe) detachJ1lcnt have won through to the final of the all-Englanel Ambulance Championships.

The Crewe team obtained this success when r epr csenting Cheshire in lhe Northern Counties Championship at the Albert Hall, Manchester, on Saturday, Apnl Teams were sent from East Lancs, West Lancs, Cheshlrc, the North Riding of Yorkshire and Durham.

The Crewe team had prevlOusly won the Cup: .'

On Saturday they ga1l1ed 936 P01?tS out of a mum of 1,000 points . The North Rld1l1g of Yorkshir e "vere second, West Lancs third, East fourth, an d Durham fifth. The examiner for the 1l1dlvldual test Dr. Rust (Manchester), and Dr. A. Graham Bryce offic iated for the team test.

HEREFORDSIIIRE BRANCH. - Several intcrcstin g matters were discussed at a meeting of the Committee of the Herefordsbire Branch of the BritIsh Red Cross Soci ety held at the Town Hall, on Tuesda y, March 19th, when there were in attendance Mr. E. R Dymond (chairman), the R ev. R Eckett, Mr.s. Fox, Mrs. Bettington and Mr. S. F. Thompson, With the Han Secretary (Mr. W. R. . .

The proposal of the C;:lty CouncIl. to maugural e a motor ambulance service either on then' o,,,n account or in conjunction with the branch was raised by the Chairman.

Mr. Dymond recalled that the Chief Constable (1\1r. Freeman Newton) made the to. the .W?-tc h Committee who, while approving the Idea In pnnclpa l. decided to ascertain from the Home Office whether a Government grant could be obtained for the maintenan ce of an ambulance or for the purchase of an ambulance.

A letter was read from the Herefordsh i re Gener al Hospital giving the Branch notice to remove hu t<; at present situated in the hospital. as space now occupied by them was reql11red 111 connectlO n with the building operations which would commence at an early date.

n was announced that details concerni?g the r emoval of the portion of the hut to a new site were at present in the hands of the Building Sub-Committee.

ISLE OF WIGHT BRANCII.-A meeting of the Executi ve Committee of the Isle of Wight Branch was held at Newport on Wednesday afternoon, March 20th. Mr. Arthur Andrews, J.P., of Ryd e, was re-elected chairman, and Mr. G. F. Quinton vice-chairman. .

11r. G F. Quinton reported that Mrs. F. E. Whitch er had collected £360 towards the cost of a new ambulancc. Tllere had been no public appeal. There was about £40 more required, as tbe total cost was £400.

Admiral Waistell and Miss Waistell had presented to the hranch a silver cup, to be known as the '\iV aistell Cup. In the annual competition between women's , tachments the winners would bold Pr111cess Beatrice s Challenge Shield, and the team which was second would hold thl' Waistell Cup for the year.

A V.A.D. camp would be held at Osborne from May 13th to June 3rd. H.RH Princess Mary, as at present arranged, would visit the camp on \hy 23rd. Sir Guise Moores added that her Royal Hlgh-

Ap r il, 1929.

l:<IRST

ness would arrive at Ryde at 12.40 p.m. on the day in Cjuestion. Sir Guise Moores, continuing, said lhal the Princess would motor straight to Osborne. After luncheon H.R.H. would make an inspection of the camp and remain for tea with the detachments in camp.

ORWICII BRANCIL-The annual inspection of the Men's V.A.D.'s (Norwich Division) was held at Stuarl Hall on Thursday, March 21st. Two detachments were inspected, Norfolk 15 and Norfolk 31, whose total strength was 55 of all ranks. The officers present were: Mrs. Harker, County Director; Captain C. vV. Steel, Divisional Secretary; Commandants L. P. Clements and R G. B ushell, and Quartermasters Hooper and Smith. The inspector officer was Major S. Worthington, D.S.O., R.A.M.C., who examined the detachments in stretch e r wo rk, Thomas Splint) first aid and general organisation. He expressed himself well satisfied, and in an interesting add ress exhorted all to continue in the useful and fascina ting work they were engaged upon. It was held in high opinion by the War Office.

SHERINGHAl\L-The annual War Office inspection of She ringham Division St. J 01111 Ambulance (V.A.D. 23), was carried out by Maj or Dunbar at the Little Regent Hall, Sheringham, on Friday evening, March 15th. The inspecting officer was accompanied by Mrs. Harker, cou nty director of the Joint Council of the Order of St. John and B.RC.S., and County Commissioner F. H. Bar clay The parade mustered 26, including the comman dant, Mr. S. E. Day, and Assistant Commandant R G. Randall, an apology being received from the medical office r, Dr. J. E. Linnell, for non-attendance on account of sickness. After a thorough examination in individual and team first-aid work, in which a number of prospective cade ts under their instructor, Mr. J. Phillips, acted as patie nts, the inspecting officer congratulated the officers and membe rs on the efficiency and smartness of the detachment.

The County Director said she was proud of the progres s made by the detachment, and impressed upon them the necessity of following up their success at the county disp lay at Yarmouth last year by turning up in full force and entering all competitions at this year's inspection, which is to be carried out by Princess Mary at Crown Poin t on June 29th.

The County Commissioner congratulated the division lIpon being the first in Norfolk to become registered as a Vol untary Aid Detachment, and hoped that others would very soon follow such a good example.

"We may reasonably expect that within a few weeks the rate of mortality 'will again be normal," states the Bntl'slz lI£edz'cal Jozl1'nal, referring to the inOuenza epidemic.

3' e

A Handley-Page Rolls-Royce air liner "vas converted by Imperial Airways i nto an aerial ambulance for the conveyance to London of a woman yisitor to Switzerland. had been injured in an accident. The Dight from SWItzerland to London was made in less than seven hours, ncluding a halt of one hour in Paris for lunch.

3' E

The Attlcborough Red Cross Ambulance appeal made recently has been so quickly and generously responded to that a new motor ambulance has been ordered and is expeCl?d to reach Attleborough before the end of April. Dunnp- 1928 the ambulance was used on 11'-i- occasions 36 times in excess of the previous year, and covered a of 4163 mi les T lw expenses exceeded the receipts by £7 15s 6d and at the end of the year there was a balance in ha nd of .£ 16 8s. 8d .

Detailed Marking Sheet, No. 13.

TEAM TEST.

CARD OF INSTRUCTlON.-You are at the Ambulance S.lation of an Exhibition and have full equipment. An exClted man comes to you and says that an elderly man has fallen down in the Exhibition and that he is unconscious and bleeding from the mouth.

NOTE FOR J UDGE.-Arrange scene as "Exhibition" and in one corner of rOOm mark off wilh chairs, etc., "Ambulance Station," in "\Vhich place team and all equipment.

Details 0/ Test.

hHlEDIATE ACTIO

Prornpt advance on patient; control of crowd 2

Take messenger with you as guide and assistant 2

Together with all m ailable ambulance material 2

Note position of patient; do not alter now ... 2

Note face (pale) ; breathing (z'1'regular) ; pulse (good) 3

Loosen clothing from neck to waist; cover warmly 3

Ask if any other visible bleeding noted (no) 2

If any visible deformity (left joot eveded) 2

Detail Bearer to control left limb throughout 4

Place patient in comfortable position on back 2

Ask if doctor available (no) if ambulance (yes) 1-

Telephone forthwith for ambulance (here JO lIl/nutes).. 2

EXAMli'lATIO T OF PATIENT.

Explore mouth now; locate bleeding from gums 2

Ask if still bleeding (no) ; if artificial teeth (no) 2

If teeth missing, irregular or loosened (no) 3

S peak to patien t (1'ejlies in conjitsedjashz'on) 2

Test for deformity; loss of power of jaw (no) 3

I ote pupils (equal) if contract on exposure to light (yes) 2

Test reaction (patz'ent objects if eyes touched) 2

Exam.ine left leg for wound (none p1'esent) 2

For deformity (Jfes) ; irregularity (1 z'nches abo've ankle) -+

For shortening (yes) ; for any other injury (none) -+

Establish both bones of leg similarly affected 2

Decide treat Simple Fractures Tibia and Fibula 2 lode of examination for injuries elsewhere 2

Head, face, trunk, spine, pelvis, limbs (no) 6

TREATMENT OF PATIENT.

Decide do nothing with mouth injury 2

\Match carefully for recurrence of bleeding 3

Bearer with great care and without using force 2

Places one hand on instep and other behind heel 1

Pulls evpnly on foot till normal position obtai ned 1

And holds on till leg controlled by splints 2

Other Bearers apply inner and outer splints 2

Extending from abo\'e knee to beyond foot 2

Fix narrow bandages above and below fracture 2

Immediately above knee; round both ankle 2

Complete with broad bandage round both knees 2

Withhold all stimulants by mouth 2

Neatness and efficiency of work done 1-

TRANSPORT OF PATIENT.

As if any change face pulse breathing (no) 2

Decide remove forthwith to hospital 2

Preparing, testing and placing stretcher 6

Method of loading the stretcher 6

Lifting, carrying and lowering stretcher .. 4

Adjustment of slings; careful attention , 1-

l\lethod of loading patient on ambulance... 6

Proceed with patient to hospital; coyer warmly 3

Care and observation of patient during transil 3

Report to doctor history, injuries, treatment 3

General smartness and co -operation of team -+

Quet'ies and j\nswet's to eot't'espondents.

Queries will be dealt with uncer the following rules :-

1. -Letter; containing Queries must be marked on the lop left band corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 46, Canno.1-street, L ondon, E. C. 4·

2.-All Queries must Le accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the ] 0urnal, or in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.- The TeKtbook, to which refelenee may be made in these columns is tbe 36th tI920) Edition of S.]. A. A. Manual of First Aid.

A p PLICATION OF IODINE.

J. E. (Sberingham). - Reading through a recent marking sheet of a test for a well-kno\.\'n Challenge Cup, was surprised to find thaL marks were in treatment of Burst Varico e Vein for "replacing digital pressurc by pad soakcd in Iodine." NO\y I want to know what you ha\-e to say; and I thank you for information continuously found in your answers to queries.

1\1)' remarks are not for publication. As a this is a \'cry COlTlmOn error and a dang e rous method ot The Textbook is in part r e sponsible for Lhe error bccause lt reads "Apply lodinc" whereas "Paint lodi ne," ","hich I suo-gested in my reyie,,, of the Revised Textbook, 'would all possibility of mistake, especially if the \-vord "and allow to dry" were added_-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

EXAMINATION HOWLER.

D. D. (Hampstead). - In a recent examination I was tcsting the knowledge of a candidate concerning treatment of Typhoid Feyer ; and I was intensely amused when, as part of his a n wer, he told me :-" The stable d£et f 01 Typhoid is IIlzlk. "

Good! Next, please! !-N.C.F.

DIGITAL PRESSURE.

J. E. (Sheringllam). - In a recent detailed marking sheet I note that 5 marks were giYen for" Dig'ital Pressure on Bleeding Point)) in treatment of Burst Varicose Vein.

Some of us feel that the word "on" is bardly correct and submit the point for your ruling-.

The Textbook reading is "apply direct digital pressure" which to me is " on )) the spot and is to be read in conj unction with the warning, as far as possible, to "avoid contamination by touching wound." Direct digital pressure, therefore, is done with clean dry antiseptic dressing inter\'ening. - N.C. F.

BLEEDING FROM NOSE.

L.G. (Queensland). - Please be good enough to tell me why it is necessary to place patient's hand above his head with Bleeding from Nose. Out here in far Australia we read your answers to correspondents with much profit to ourselves; and we thank you.

Elevation of upper limbs abovc head enlarges the cavity of the chest. COl1scquenLly the lungs expand; and this in turn causes the large "enous trunks entering the heart to dilate so that the return of venous blood to hearL is facilitated and the bleeding from nosc is lessened.-N.C. F.

FRACTURE or RIBS.

L.G. (Sc\ enoaks) -The Textbook (p. 54) Lells us to apply two broad bandages round the chest when treat in g for Fractured Ribs. Does this apply when more than one rib is broken or patient is a woman? I imagine that the bandages might press uncotnfortably on the breast and make fracture complicated. Please advise .

If you obcy the Textbook and apply bandages "sufficiently firmly to afford comfort," then you cannot aggravate the fracture or cause discomfort in the 'way you suggest. From personal experience I know the sense of relief aCCorded by the bandagi.Os, which should co\'er the whole pain area due to fracLure of one or more ribs.-N.C.F.

PETROL POISON[NG.

].D. (Heath Hayes). - At a recent practicc the question o f the correct treatment of Petrol Poisoning came under discussion and elected many and "aried opinions. "C nder these ci rcu mstances we su bill it ou r problem t o you, more especially as I can find no reference to thi s poison in tlw Textbook. I thank you in ad\"ance for your an wcr and also for other help so freely gi\'en ill F1RST AID.

The Textbook does answer your que tion. IL tells you that if patient's mouth is not burned, thcn you must gi\"e a n emetic provided that patient is conscious and able to swallow

The nanle of the poison does not concern you as a First Aider; but its effects do! Petroleum Spirit or Petrol h as been taken internally in mistake for ginger bcer and since i does not burn the mouth should be treated on lines laid dOv\, l1 in Textbook for Non-Corrosive Poisolling.-N. C. F.

ARMSLING FOR FRACTURED Rms.

]. D. (Castletown),-At a recent Di\'isionalmeeting a melllber had to treat a supposed case of Complicated Fractu re of Ribs, and forgot to support patient's forearm in lar ge armslillg. He then asked what purpose wa scrved by so doing; but, as our instructor could not tell u and as the Textbook does not give the reason, I venturc to a sk you to solve this riddle.

The rnuscles of the arm are so interwoven with those of tlw chest that any movement of upper limb will pull on che st to greater or less extent. For example, with Silvester w e raise upper lirnbs above head to enlarge the chest cavi ty Consequently with all varieties of Fracturcd Ribs we supp ort forearm in large armsling to rest the ribs.-N.C.F.

HUMOURS OF NURSING.

A. W. (Bethnal Green). - I wonder if you would lik e to record the story of a cOllversation which took place a t a Nursing LecLure recently. The doctor was speakin g about" rigors," when a member of the class interven ed and askcd the difference between "a rigor" a n d " rigor mortis." The lectur er was explaining that rig or

April, 1929. FIRST

mortis was Lhc stiffcning of thc muscles 1ft - I tl I " I , el Cea 1 w lCIl ,1110tler 111.embel· of thc chss cx ·Ledl 11 d ., S ' I . ( J y") UI-tC out ttlt> ji, doc/or, ng-or mortts tS liZ£' slzh'erinu- 0/' under post m01'Lem e.Ta771i71a/£on. " " - a corpsi' Good! Next, please! !- N.C.F.

TREAHIENT OF POIS01'lS.

A. \V (Bethnal Green). - T was reaciill'" all old b I I I <""> 00 -( on POIS _ ons ane earned that IJowdcrcd 11 b I urntce stone used to , e 1e commonest antidote for fluid poisons and t hat 't IS known to tl d' I < I S I le me lca profe ssion as "Kaoli n."

UI e y thl _ 1S an antidote, bccause it can alb.so1rb1a Jal.ge g.ualltlty of moisture; and pcrsonally I

t 1111 {: t laL It mIght be more eJTecti\ n to u e tl t · I '"' , lan an erne IC. wc come your ruling. prepared varietics of Kaolin are used as dust ll1 g a nd todet powders because thev a b -bt 't t' d' J re a SOt ent and pre \'e n Irf! -a 1011. uc to friction. More recent u s es of Y 1'are fo r absorbIng toxins in the bowel f C:\..ao 111 . I b fi' III cases 0 holera

\\ It 1, e np Ctal result s on vomiting' and diarrhoce, and exter'na ll } as baSIS for the modern aIJIJlic"t o I I I I d <l I n W1IC 1 las replaced l e 1ll1seed or brea d poultice. ha oltn 1S therefore still useful' but ne -ll I 'n l 'od d' t tl ,\ el lC e s s pOIsons I, I uce 1I1 0 le s tomach must be e\ acuated at first Sib e, l11omenl, or at an)' rate neut-al' d S P 0' d lIse. 0 your sU O;-> este use of powdered pumice stone a s ab s orbe t" f .::> IS n ot l halJp) I' n 0 pOI on tl I .' one, slIl c e t le pOIson would be retained within l e a Imentary c anal. - C. F.

IEODLEsmlE FIRST \11).

1. \ V. of :\I e ddl es ome Firsl Aid ma b u,se ful If they teach practical lessons. Recently I ;\ a e to a you.th who had lost the tip s of hi s first and ,;ec ond 111 a machine. The s o-called First Aid ha d a to the Brachial Artery and to hnd that bleeding was excessive The ble edIng ceased when I remO\'ecl the t B : I ournlquet ) t le ."a}, 1 am uSlllg Acrifl a \'inc (1--1,000) in 0t f ,I.o1dllne ; .and I wonder if you apprO\ e its use as a r 11 S i uc e resslllg-.

effi .Th e wa not only incorrc c th but al a inIClen Uy applIed 111 Lhat it \Vas partially mterial a nd venous and 0 causing bleedit 1 ofbtournlcluct stopped the because 110v.e .11 S 0 strLlctlOn to circulation. < Ac nflavlne is excellent for wounds' but J"ll'c p. , A' I It IS cI I F" " ICt lC CIC r a 'IrsIt AId dressing, because applied it e e untouc led for two or three days. - C. F.

SPHAINED FOOT.

F.\V. friend fell downstairs and sprained her a n ( e which qUIckly becam e swollen. I aL oncc bathed !)af\ 1I1 hoL water, applied Iodinc Hnd bandao-cd the cl ll { e. Please tell mc if I did right. to>

'. Textbook teachcs YOLl to apI)I)' cold to a s _. I JOin t Immediatel it _ pI alllec. th e w is dom f t? a Ot and my experience supports afle r t r 0 11 lllstructlOl1. Cold, howe\ er, u ually fail s I went) -four hours ",hen Ileat is morc' u eful I do t {no w why r r d I no Spra in ed ) ou. apr Ie odlne, the usc of which with a JOlll t 1 usually indicated in latcr st'lO es of tlllen t. So , t" teaWhen _ fn.ex tIme SlIC.k to Lhe teachlt1g of the Textbook yOU! nend meets WIth an acc id ont.-N. C. F.

A Memory Test.

IT happened . Th In a recent ambulance competition. undergoing his individual £ ' e was not what could be truth fiullr a exponent of the science of rs al ) e \\'as certainly hopeful. abl After his was completed (as far as he was e .to plete t) he turned to the doctor who was JudaIna and th f II . I b h' eo oWlnu conversation tool pace: - h <:

Competitor: "I Suppose, sir, with all experience you've met worse first-al'ders your me?" than

Judge: (silence)

Competitor: "I all was saying, I suppose with your- " Judge (interrupting): "It's airiaht ! heard what you said the first time b my Just thinking !"

Annual A,: bulance Competit ion wtll he June 29'h, tn the King-'s Road School:-, " to all England. Stretcher Test d gl b ven h fo d r both events. All ay e a from the S M G Askew, JOO Hough Lane, Wombwell, near r.

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301 Illustrations. 9 I,. Colour. ., One of the most concise works on the subject pnbli5hedat a popular price. "- First id JoNr"al. "Has ta ke n ts 'pl ace as a S T A XDA R D V. oR r;. - Britisl, M ed ca JOlllllal

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SURCIOAL EQUIPMENT.

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We have made a speCiality of S. J . A . B UNIFORMS for over 20 years and are fully conversant -w-ith all its requirements, both vvith regards to design and regulations, and also the -w-earing qualities of the materia l.

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Ambulance Nurses Coats (All Wool Grey Serge) 31/ 6 DUlcers' Uniforms, Caps, Sam Browne Belts, Belts an d Poucbes, Gloves . Cbevrons, etc., at very reasonable price s. All Uniforms to Customers' Own Measurements and strictly to Regulation. Send P.C. for Patterns, Price List and Measurement Por m. THORNTON

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A I D. April, 1929.

MAN U ALS OF FIRST-A.u, &rc.,

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The advantages attending the use of GERMOLENE, the Aseptic Dressing, in hospital and domestic pract ic e are now almost too well known to need recapitulation.

Since the introduction of this remarkable agent it has been put to the test by medical men and nurses in every part of the country. It has proved itself thoroughly efficient as a skin bactericide and steril izer and powerful healer.

An added charm associated with its use is its soothing effect in the cas e of inflammatory pa in, or in rritable conditions of the skin. For the treatment of childr en's skin complaints it is unequalled, because It does away with the tendency on the part of the young patient to scratch, and so spread or aggrevate the trouble.

Mechanically, GERMOLENE is perfect, and its appearance and texture have gained it high encomiums from doctors and (hemists. Milled to microscopic fineness, the ingredients are held in a high-grade creamy base which spreads with ease, does away with messiness, and which, when massaged, sinks straight into the skin pores. Bandages may be prepared with the absolute minimum of delay and trouble, and slight heat reduces the dressing to the consistency of cream.

The manufacturers will be delighted to send a generous gratis trial sample to members of the medical profession and to nurses and hospital officials who enclose their professional cards.

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AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free, •• d. Flrst.Ald SlmplUled and Tabulated, wltb AIds to Memor,. , Col. Sir !am.s Ca"t/i. co"t..-ibt4tu a" ,"lrodt4Clio" a"d w doru his Kooa op;".o" 0./ tAl bOOR."-LANCRT.

AID8 TO HOME-NURSING •

• Third Edition Price IS_ 2 J post OOmo-NDrIIIOI! IIlmpllfled aDd Tabullltllll, wltb Aldll to Memor" , This 00";' wo"d'r/t4J1, umpl,ji,s a eo"'pl.x s h,.cl a d sh" ld b. r.ad b1l a sttid, ts,' -L. & N.W. Rv. GAZBTTE.

EFFIOIENOY IN FIRST-AID.

Post free, ••. 3d Problems In Stud" 1reatmflnt aod Bxamfuatioll sol.e" .or Seolor Stude nt s " Withollt dOllbt tlu booli will h, 01 CT,al Slr'OtC. i" tJr, tra"""1{ 0/ .hoSl for who", it is duiK""i. "- BR1 r1SH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

COMMON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID • ••• net: post :34. Brrors lu Flrst·Ald Detailed aDd Explalued.

1Ms book KiPIS a el.a i"sight i"to tlu methods a"d diifict4lti.s OJ .ottl"g'", cy trlaim."t by laymu, tha" the o/ftcial TextbooR itsel/."-LANCET.

AMBULANCE COMPETITION TESTS

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Difficulties la Study aod Treatmeut solted by Question and Aaswer.

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8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. -Ylsc_era of tbe Abdomen (D). 10. The Nervous System. n. SchematIC diagram of Circulation

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EDITORIAL,

THAT railway ambulance work

RAIL WAY is receiving greater attention by AMBULANCE those in administrative capacities onourgreatrailways, is evidenced by t he interest taken by the directors and officials of the various companies.

First Aid training is now looked upon as part of a railwayman's education. The companies en co urage their employees to take up this work a nd, as an incentive, shie ld s, cups and numerous pr ize s are offered for annual competition. The men' s keen interest in this useful and important work has sprung from humane motives and they se ek no reward save the satisfaction of being able to a lleviate the sufferings of their fellow beings sh ou ld the opportunity arise.

Each year the number of classes are increasing, an d a large part of the credit is due to the untiring work of the Centre Secretaries, who devote much of th eir leisure hours to the cause of first aid on railw ays

Sir Herbert Walker at the recent Southern R ail way finals expressed himself as follows :-" I wish it were possible to make it a condition of se rv ice, that all railwaymen should pass an examinati on in First Aid." Mr. J. Gore (President of the N .U .R.), at the L.M.S. Railway finals also stated th at he would like to see every man and woman on eve ry railway with a first aid certificate, not howeve r by corn pulsion but of the free will of the employees

That the training received is of serVice is sh own by reports issued by the various com panies of meritorious work during the past year. Gifts of ap p reciation have been presented by the directors, th e reby again encouraging the men to continue in th e ir good work.

The event of the year amongst railwaymen

who interest themselves in first aid competitions is , , of course, the contest for the Railway Challenge Shield of the St. John Ambulance Association , which takes place on the 31 st of this month. Two teams from each of the grouped railways and two from the ungrouped take part. The friendly rivalry and keenness, which is usually displayed, augurs well for the ambulance movement, and if the high skill which has been shown at the various companies finals is maintained, then our sympathies are extended to the medical gentlemen who are called upon to judge the contests.

WITH the May issue of these OUR MONTHLY valuable detailed marking sheets, MARKING SIIEET the series for the 1928--1929 LIBRARY. session has been completed. lany letters of appreciation have been received from readers and \"e arc pleased to have been able to help instructors with their work.

In answer to many correspondents, we hope In the near future to issue a further series of these tests, details of which will appear in the columns of this journal.

The L. C. C. Tramway Social and .Athl e tic Ass oci a tion have recently formed a First Aid Section.

3' e

A new Division of the S.].A. B. is proposed to be formed in Eltham. CIa ses will be held at th e Royal \r en a l Cooperative Society's Hall, vVell Hall -road, eye r)' 'Vedn es d a v evening

TERNATIONAL J U NIOR RED CROSS CONFEREN CE. -. \ Junior Red Cross Conference \\'ill be h eld at Gene\' a from July 18th to 24th, 1929, under the au s pices of 1\1. l\lalche, President of the Genev e se Depa rtment of Public Ins t ruction. This Conference, which is being convened primarily to discuss questions relating to Inter- chool Correspondence, will al 0 deal with the main problems of Junior Red Cros orga nisation. I \ViII bring tog e th e r the directors of Junior Sections and those respon ible for inter-school correspondence. A number of international bodie as \\' e ll a other persons interested in the Junior Red Cross, ha\ e also been iI1\'ited to attend the Conference in an advi s ory capa city.

How the United States Bureau of Mines Conducts Its N ational or International First ... Aid Contests. *

By J. J. FORBES, Sujel7.'7·sing- Enginee1, Instruction S ection, Di7,isiol1.

( Continued from page 2S-I.)

J U DGES DrSCOU1\'T SHEET.

1. Not doing most important thing first, such as :- Dzscozmt.

a Failure to remove patient from dangerous gas, roof, or grounded electric wire, etc , at proper ...

b Failure to insulate oneself when removing patient from live wire 6

c Failure to treat injuries in proper order ... 4

d Failure to support fracture previous to application of splints 4

e Treating wrong location of injury, wholly or partially (right for left, arm for forearm, thigh for leg, etc., or other wrong location) each dressing 4

2. Arterial bleeding:

a Failure to temporarily control hcemorrhage previous to application of tourniquet 7

b Application of tourniquet so as not to stop bleeding

c Failure to apply tourniquet (arterial bleeding)

d Failure to apply tourniquet loosely when treating compound fracture not having arterial bleeding

b Failure to remove foreign substances from mouth

c Failure to see that tongue is 111 proper position

d Failure to loosen tight clothing (neck and waistline)

e Improper position of operator's hands

f Incorrect timing . . .

g Breaking rhythm in change of operators (for each infraction)

Incorrect position of operator so as to rE :nder ineffective artificial respiration

i Incorrect method

5 Splints:

a Splint improperly applied

b Splint improperly padded (no arm at point of fracture, insufficient padding, etc)

c Improper splint or marked splint

d Use of previously padded splint

6. Bandaging:

a Failure to cover wound entirely

b Failure to use compress when required

c Failure to use cravat or triangul a r banda ge or required number of bandages to complete dressing (for each omission)

d Improperly applied compress or bandage (wrong method, location, position of knot, etc.) (Judge descri be)

e Tight compress or bandage

f Loose com press or bandage

g Failure to use sling when required

h Failure to use proper kind of sling Insecure, incomplete, or granny knot

7. Failure to be aseptic

8 . Unclean first-aid material

9 Transportation:

a Improperly constructed stretcher

b Failure to test stretcher before using

c Failure to command properly

d Improper position to lift or lower patient

May, 1929.

d Delayed treatment (slowness in g etting started, controllinE arterial bleedino'--' 0' start! ng artIficial respiration, treating for shock, etc.)

12 Rough or awkward handling of paLient 4

13. Assistance lent by pat ie nt (physical or verbal) .2 ( 'j 'u be continued.)

Detailed Ma rki ng Sheet, No. 14.

A I D.

Pupil s dil ate d

Flu s h e d face

Breathing-

P ,: raly s is of one s id e of body

Ri se of temperature

2 2 2 2 2 20

B eare,: \'0, j.-State h.o'" you would treat : (1) A child

In (2) a man III an Epileptic Fit ; (3) A. airl in

a It of Hy ste ri a. I::>

(1) CON\'U LS!H FIT.

Support c hild in a warm bath.,.

T em perature of bath slight ly abo ·e bach Lemperature

\V ate r to reach up to middle of trunk -

K eep in bath fo r 15--20 mintes

K eep spo n ge dipped in cold water app li ed top of

(2) EPILEPTIC FIT.

Support patient's h ead

Bearer \'0. r. - D escr ib e caref ully the s igns an d treatment of Shock.

SIGNS.

Patient is unconscious, or semi - consc ious

:-,kin is moist and clammy

Face is pale or a -hy co lourcel Brulthing is feeble Pulse is very feeble

Keep patient \\'arm and quiet... 2

Remove ind oors or und e r COHo 1

CLWL:r with extra clot hin g or blankets 1

Put hot -w ater bottles to fecl and pit of stomach 1 feet and legs abo,·c lcy c l of he a d 2

Gi\c hot drinks, coffec and lea, f patient can -wa11o\\ - 2 .\pply sme lli ng sa l ts to the no se 1

T otal

Bl'orer _ \ "u. 2.-\\ h at do you knO\\ - about Spinal Nen 'o u s System an d its- f un ct ions?

BRA I l\:

Seal of int e ll cct, cmot ions and will Ruei,'cs impressions t h rough se nsory orders through motor nen'es

SI'!l\,\L CURl)

Continuation of brain in spina l canal

Extending to "econd lum bar \"er tebra

Conducts ncrvc illl pulses to a nd fro\11 bnti n

NER\'ES

3. Shock:

e Improper lifting or lowering o[ patient

f Failure of team to obey command

g Improper carrying of patient, such as wrong step, etc.

10. Failure to take from supply base sufficient or proper material to complete problem

11. Slow and indifferent work:

a Slowness of work. Deduct one point for each minute or fraction thereof consumed over time allotted for working problem

b Lack of attention on part of one or more team members

c Lack of neatness-for each bandage, spli nt, etc., thc=tt is not neat

Occur in pairs as white pearly c,)rcls

With sensory a nd motor fi bres

Sensory I1Cn'cs co nv ey impul ses

From ski n and organs to the brain

:\lotor nervcs carry impul cs

Fmm brain to all parts of body

20

R emO\'e fal. e teeth if present

H o ld in m o uth piece of wood .'.

Or hard s ubstance wrapped in Ilandke; chief

D o not forcibly r estrain patient's limbs ...

Prevent patient hu rting himself

R emo,-e from source of danger

(3) H YSTERIC,\L FIT.

,-\.void sympathy

Treat firmly

Threaten coul d dou c he

Spr inkl e with co ld w ater ... \ppl)' mustard leaf to back of neck

2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 20

Bearer '0 5. - Describe the Circulation of the Blood, cOl1lmcncing at thc left , 'c ntriclc.

or pulse 1

\ orla 1

Arteries di\-ide and subdi,-ide 2

Cap ill ar ie - pulsation lo st 2

Exchange of g·ase and l1uids 2

Blood becomes impure 1

Veins - How in st r ea m. Val\ -e prevent backward How 2

Superior ·cna cm·a (from upper parts) 1

Inf er ior vena cm·a (fmm lo\\-er parts) 1

Ri ght auricle and right ventricle 1

Pulmonary artery (carr ie venous blood to lungs ) 2

Blood bccome puriflcd

\ rteria l b lood return to left auric e by pulmonary \-ein 2

Left a uri cle to left \·entriclc 1

T ota l 20

Th e ann Ll a co nt est for the " \\ illiam Higgin" hie1d, competed fo r by membel-s of the and Salford \lllbul a Il Ce Brigrtde, was '\'0 11 0 11 l ay 3rd by G. C. R (Opens h a \y Di\·ision) team.

Bearer Y o i. - Statc in d eta il how w o uld yo u di s tinguish bc tw ee n Alcohol Poi so nin g, Opium a nd

Apop lexy

ALCOIIOLlC Por SON INC.

Pupils dil ate d 2

Strollg alco holi c sme ll 2

Ol'lUl\ POI SOi\' 1

P upils co ntra cte d (pi n-point pupil s)

Strong- tenden cy to s leep

Stertorous breathin g

2 2 2

\L L am bet h P u li ce Co urt, Albert Goddard, of Hrixtol1r oad, w as s umm o n ed und er th e F actory Act for fai ling to k ee p n first-aid box. and for fai lin g to k ecp the prescribed abstract of the Act a llix ed ill hi s prcmises.

Does your colh:ague read FIR.ST AID, if not, send us his address and we will post him a copy .

Brzg-ade Reports.

N o . ( Pri n c e of Wales ') District.

HORl SEY A::--<D "VOOD GREEK.-The annual church parade of the Homsey and "Vood Green Division took place on Sunday, May 5th, at the Harringay Congregational Church. The Parade met at the Wood Green Town Hall Grounds, and marched in fine style, despite the steady uownpour of rain. The District Band headed the procession whilst Supt. A. J. Bowman was in charge. The Rev. D. B. Ashford, pastor of the church, conducted the service, which was attended by His Vvorship the 1\1ayor of Homsey (President of the Diyision)) District Officers Burton, Green, McBride and Osborne. Representatives of the Nursing Senices also attended. After the serYice the i\Iayor inspected the Parade and presented a IS-year ser\ ice medal to CorpI. Pedder.

SOUTIL\LL.-A flag day on behalf of the Southall Ambulance and Nursing Divisions was held on Saturday, -+th, \"ith the excellent result of £58 ISs. 3d. profit. proceeds is a testimony of the public appreciation ot the performed by these Diyisions. A practical illustratIOn of the usefulness of the Brigade was furnished during the day. PriYate Bradbury was selling flags in King Street when a boy \Vas knocked down by a motor-cycle, and suffered fro.m cuts on his head) knees) left hand , and a cut through hiS upper lip. Pte. Bradbury rendered first aid and accompanied the boy to the Hospital, where he was detamed The flag sellers a rriyed at the Depot at 5:30 and car ned ?n throughout the day. The DiviSIOns wish to thank thClr many helpers, and the Committee are to be congratulat ed on their splendid effort.

SOUTIIEXD-O:\,-SEA.-The annual meeting was held on Apnl 26th) at the Council Chamber) Southend-on-Sea.

The (Councillor R Thurlow Baker), who 'was 111 the chaIr) congratulated the Association on their" splendid voluntary work."

"yYhen p e rsonally, as the 1\Iayor, thank you for the \yay m you haye given unstintingly of your time and serVice, I but express the thanks of a grateful borough." not merely a mouthpiece, but appreciated it as an mdlvldual.

Speaking of the progress which had been made with the fund, Mr. Wilfred Tee, a member of the commIttee, saId £-+00 had been received towards the sum of £ 1,800 required. This was by no means satisfactory and w?ile appreciation was felt towards those who had subSCrIbed to the fund, a great dea l more was wanted.

Medals ,:,ere prese.nted by the Mayor to Pte. Cannon and 01: theIr achieyement of twenty-five years of whICh, m the \yords of 1\1r. l\lay, was voluntary, unstll1ted , necessary and worth while.

No. 2 Dis t rict .

J?RISTOL.-On April 20th the District finals were held at Bnstol. Seven teams and \\Tolv erton (Bucks) secured first place and retamed the very handsome" Oxo " Challenge Cup which they won last year when this annual event was decided at Slough. Thus the final r esults were :-

1, \i\Tolverton (Bucks), 502; 2, Packers (Bristol, Glos.), 4n; 3, Southampton (Hants); -+28, 4, Oxford (Oxon),

386; 5, Trowbrid ge (Wilts), 34n. Wolverton put up an extraordinary fine performance in the team test, gainin o 237 points out of a possible 2-+0. This handsome gave to \Vol ve r ton the honour of r ep resenting the N o.2 District in the" Dev,rar" Competition.

TOTTERDoW N -To celebrate the 25th anniversary of the. formation of the Totterdown Division of the City of BrIstol Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade, a social gathering was held at Oxford Street Schoolroom, Tott erdown.

The opportunity was taken to make a presentat ion to Dr. J. ]. S. Lucas, who has been hon. s ur geon to the division from its commencement.

Sergeant G H. Trebble, secretary of the division in his report said it was through the untiring efforts of 'Dr Lucas that the efficiency of the division h ad continu ccl. They had thei r o\yn tent and equipment presented to them by Mr. C. F. Beavis.

Dr. Lucas, who presided, mentioned that Mr. B eavis was among those who started ambulance work in Br istol 40 years ago. Twenty-five years ago doctors did not r.egard ambulance work with favour. They thought " a httl e knowledge was a dangerous thing," and that ambulanc e men might carry first aid too far and do more h arm than good. Now a ll t hat was changed and doctors \vere very appreciative of the splendid work of the ambul ance men.

Supl. Crew, who is at the head of the Totterd own Division, expressed, on behalf of the division sin cere appreciation of the interest Dr. Lucas had taken' in them and presented him with a crocodile wallet, and for l1rs: Lucas (v;ho was unavoidably absent) a purse.

Dr. Lucas, who was greeted with musical hon ours and cheers) suitab ly thanked the donors.

No. 4 District.

"V j,RRINGTO .-Sixteen teams repre enting var iol1s divisions of the To. -+ District competed for the " Crosfield" Challenge Shield on Saturday, April 20th. The competition, which was held for the first time since 19 14, took place in the Crosfield Centenary Theatre.

Th e shield was presented in 1899) and the tests were held annually un t il 191-+, and the competition has now been r evived, mainly through the interest and gene rosity of the directors of ]. Crosfield and ons Ltd.

The judg es were Assistant Commissioner F de B.' PV!11 (of N Dr. Ingram (1\I.O.H., Crewe), and Dr. Pat rlck (of Liverpool, and formerly of \i\Tarrin gton). Crosfiel cl5' Boy Scouts acted as patients, and the following was the full test set for each team of five men :-

"The team are returnin g from a com petitIOn when they notIce a motor-bike and sidecar n ear a railway crossing. A tyre had burst and thrown the dri ve r on to the side of his h ead on to the metals. A trai n is approaching, havin g passed the signals."

The awards were as follow:-

1, Nelson) 337; 2, Briarfield) 3, Ardwick, 26M.

The other competing teams repr esented Darwen Cr05fields' Division, Earlest.own No.1, Earlestown 'No.2, "Varrington, Widnes, Tyldesl ey, Hulme (Manches ter) elson, Preston, Salford, Liverpool Northwich and Cammell Lairds.

May, 1929. F I RST

The prize distribution was performed by the Mayor (CounCi llor Frank Stringer).

Colone l c.. J. Trimble (commissioner) thanked the K1l1gdon, and the di reclors, and said the competitIOn hael caused a lot of interest in the district. They were &"rateiul to 1\lessrs. Crosfields for granting such an opportul11ty.

was a large gathering of colliery offiClals, medical men, and other interested people from all parts of West Cumberland at the Tcchnical Colleo'c \tVorkington, on Salurday) April 27th, to witness the stages the competition among teams from t.he Cumberlanu J\1mes and Quarries Centre of the S.J.A.A for the "George Scoular" Challenge Shield. There were four competing, the teams having qualified from an ong1l1al entry of 21 .coal aI?d iron ore mine and quarry teall?s com12etItors displayed a high standard of effiCIe ncy 111 practical first aid and each team receiyed \\"ell merited applause from the onlookers.

!he adjudicators were Dr. 1\1cLaren and Dr. Willan, Mr. T. Greenland Davies, Diyisional Inspector of :\11l1es, Newcastle) presided.

The awards were as follows Florence 1\Iine, 69; 2. St. CollIery, 68; 3, Aspatna. 67; 4, Clintz, 65. The competItIOn was, it .will be observed, yery keen and th e result close, only five pomts separating the competitors.

No. 5 District.

CU.\PELTO\\,X - The third annual ambulance competition (junior section) in connection with the collieries of Messrs Newton, Chambers and Co.) took place on Saturclay, April 27th, at the Thorncliffe "Vorks, Chapeltown. Dr. Hardy and Dr. \Vilson, of Sheffield were the judo'es and the tropl:y, a silv.er cup, giyen by firm) was won by the Thornchffe Colliery team, who scored 84 per cent. of ma rks. Rockingham Colliery came second with 68 per cent. and Smithy \tVood Colliery thi rd with 66 per cent.

Taking the team t.est by itself the figures were:Thurn cliffe 94 p er cent., Smithy \\700 d 79 per cent. and Rocki ngham 66 per cent.

.Fo llowing t ea, 1\1r. G. P. Hay (manager of Thorncliffe CollIery) expressed thanks to Dr. Hardy and Dr. "Vilson.

R\ \'EXS TIIORPE.-Corps Officer \ V. Ledgard) who recUltly retired from the secretaryship of Rm"e nsthorpe St. John Ambulance Brigade-a position he occupied with conspicuous ability for about 25 years-was presented with a handsome oak smoking cabinet during a social at RaYCllsthorpe Ambulance headquarters on Tuesday, April 23rd. 1\1r. A. P Crabtree ("ice-president), paid tribute to Mr. Ledg-ard's geniality ancl popularity. l\1embers who had a grieyance to air always felt they could approach 1\1r. Ledgard with every confidence of a sympathetic hearing.

The presentation was made, amid applause, by Ambulance Officer H. Lee, who hop ed 1\1r. Ledgard would be spare d to enjoy good health and happiness for many years to come.

Lady Superintendent 1\Irs. M. Tolson expressed the Nprs ing Division's appreciation of 1\1r. Ledgard's serl'ices, Staff Sergt. C. Crowther also spoke eulogistically of hIS work.

SHEFFIELD.-Sheffield and District Ambulance Competition Association held an ambulance competition, under the auspices of the St. John Ambulance Association, at the Zion Schoolroom, Attercliffe, on Saturday, April 27th. The president ( lr. H. C. Else) presented l\1r. J. "V. Gilling. who has been hon. secretary since 1911, with a canteen of cutlery.

A I D. 285

The results of the competition were as follow :-

IndiVIdual Competition: II. \Nilson (Barmbro' Colhery, 237; ]. Chambers (Barmhro' Colliery), 231; A. Boulton (Waleswood), 228; W "Vild (Brightside Works) 227; F. (Waleswood)) 226; G. Deakin ham Ma1l1), 225.

Class Competition: "II. L. Brown" Shield for winners and Associ?-tion Challenge Shield for runners-up. Treatment of patient and stretcher exercises for teams of four : T1l1sley Par! Colliery, 131; Aldwarke 1\1ain, 127; Hadfield.s, Ltd.,. 1.2;,; Aston Colliery, 125.

.J IndIVIdual Competition: C. Delane (Beighton Colliery), 1-+; ). Stocks (Ald\\"arke Main), 72; H. Fletcher (Barrow CollIery), 70.

Junior .Team (the Junior Challenge Shield). Treatment of patient and stretcher exercises for teams of four Barrow Colliery, 103.

A ra.lly the Sheffield Corps of the S.J.A.B . was held at the VictorIa Hall, Sheffield, on :;'>,1ay 5th. The Earl of Scarborough (Sub-Prior of the Order) pr esided and on platform were the Master Cutler, officers' of the Bn.gade, and representatives of the medical profession, the body of the hall was occupied by members wearmg the St. John Ambulance uniform. Corps Supt. Hamer Russell welcomed the chairman.

Lord Scarborough said that the orrranisation had into an institution of g reat Yalue, conSlSt1l1g of over 1,000 ambulance di"isions and oyer 500 nursing division, with .a membership of well over 50,000, many of whom were domg splendId service in Sheffield and the \i\T esh Riding. He wished to acknowledge the immense debt .they owed to the medical profession for the amount of time and trouble de\'oted, out of their busy lives, to the work of teachmg and examination. \Vithout that aid the St. John Ambulance Association would be powerless .for good. He scarcely thought that the public at large realIsed fully enough the amount of yoluntary \\"ork that \\"as being done all over the country quietly day by day. l\1r. Herbert Caig-er) F.RC.S., in an address said the principles on which the St. John Ambulance rested might be found in The English Book of Proycrbs." They were) " Prevention is better than cure," and "A stitch in t.ime saves nine."

1\11'. Hamer Russell and Commissioner S. \v. :\1alkin expressed thanks to Lord Scarborou g h, the :\Iaster Cutler. l\1r. Caiger, and all \Yho had supported the seryice.

On Sunday, June 23rd, Assistant Commissioner Lt.Col. F. S. Lambert will inspect the Diyisions of the T'\ orthern section of Lincolnshire, consisting of contingents from Crowle, Gainsboro', Louth, New Holland. SCllnthorpe, Keadby, Grimsby and Cleethorpes. The inspection ",ill t.ake place at Cleethorpes and commence ",ith a church parade. Tt is hoped that all diyisions \Yill be at full strength

N o . 6 District.

CO:\,SETT.-Some excellent work \yas vyitnessed at the annual ambulance competitions of the Consett Iron Company's Home Collieries, \yhich took place at Consett on Saturday, April 27th.

The judges were Dr. 1\lorisol1, Anfield Plain; Dr. MacIntyre and Dr. 1\1urray Taylor) Con ett. Results:Senior Shield: 1, Victory Pit, Consett; 2, Chop\yel1. Junior Shield: 1, Derwent Colliery, Juniors "A" :'Iedol11sley: 2, Crookhall Juniors" B."

Boys' Shield: 1, Leadgate Boy Scouts; 2, COl1sett Lads' Brigade.

For the individual honour, Ryan and VV. of Derwent Juniors, tied, but in a special extra test Fl11dlay won. The prizes were presented by Mrs. G. P. Heron.

EASINGTON.- The annual St. John Ambulance c01:npetition for the Dr. Irvine cup and medals took place 111 t h e Parish Hall, Easington Colliery, last The competition, for which. four teams entered, first year students wlth an expenenced .captam 111 Easington. Dr. A. B. H. Irvme (Work111gton), the adJudIcator, who had no easy task, declared No. 1 the winners. They were: Messrs. W. Sawyer ]. Scott, J. Mawson, T. Clough, W. Iregonmng. 3 team Messrs. R. Wood (captal11), E. Coulson, R. Almstron'g, H. \i\Tils on, C;. Readon, were sccond. The adjudicator, in mak111g hls awards, commented on the smartness and efficiency of all the entrants.

HULL.-The forty-sixth annual mee t ing of the St. John Ambulance (Hull and East Riding County Centre) was held in the reception room of the on Tuesday, April 30th, the Lord Mayor (Councdlor Benno Pearlman) presiding. He was supported by the Lady Right Han. T. R. Ferens, .P .c. , J.P (Presldent), Major Sir Arthur and Lady Atk111son, MaJ or Johnston , O.B.E., the Sheriff (Dr. T. Rltchle Rodger), Mr. G. IIampson (hon. sec.). The hon. treasurer, Councillor Hubert Johnson, J.P. , was unable to be present.

The Lord Mayor, moving the adoption of the annual report and balance sheet, commented upo.n the f<l:ct that 468 candidates had obtained awards ThIS, he saId, was (,xceedinoly creditable both to the candidates and the persons responsible for their training. The Lord Mayor also referred to the fact that members of the brigade had treated 274 cases on public duty, while 8,587 cases .had been treated privately, an increase of 985 on the prevlOUS year.

Thanks to the medical profession for the amount of time devoted to Brigade work were expressed by Lady Atkinson. Mr. E. B. Stephenson (transport officer) seconded, and stressed the fact that they still required more money.

The Sheriff said the medical profession were very willing to give their help, because they realised the importance of the Brigade's work. .

Mrs. Hubert Johnson thanked the Lord Mayor, Lady i\Iayoress and Sheriff for their presen ce and to the Lord 1\Iavor for the loan of the reception room. She said the Brigade should receive more financial support from the citizens, and particularly from the motorists. Mrs. J. H. Fisher supported.

No.8 District.

ASI-IF ORD.-The sixth annual dinner of the Ashford Town Division was held at the County Hotel, Ashford, last month.

Sir Charles Igglesden presided and was supported by Commissioner E. A. Richards (No.8 District), Assistant Commissioner Dr. W. II. Noble (Sittingbourne), Corps Superintendent F. ]. Miles (Ashford Division), Mr. A. J. Southam (Chairman of Ashford Urban Council), Mr. ]. Hogg (ex-chairman Ashford Council), Mr. Julius Kingsford, Superintendent F. ]. Pattenden, Mr. R. J. Geering and many other helpers and friends.

The first toast, II The Order," was submitted by District Secretary Wrigglesworth, who spoke of the Empirewide organisation of the Association, pointing out that its ramifications were unique in that anyone cou ld start serv-

ing the ca u se of suffering hun:ani.ty at the age of eleven years and continue to d,? S? whIle lasted.

_ In response, C0l11111lSSlOner RIchards saId that fOl the size of the town, Ashford had more members than any other in the universe. He congratulated the town all the more heartily since only that day, an Ashford team, 111 the personnel of Ashford Station, under Supt. Long, had won the Championsh ip of Kent at Dover.

.. The Ashford Town Division" was proposed by Mr. J ones, who said it was absolutely to realise the work done by those who earned out then so ably and with such great cheer fulness care.

The honour of r esponding fell to Supt. MIles, who said the original amb ul ance was known as "The Town 'Bus ." Now they had a Bean and what was commonl y called" The Ford." They were doing excellent work and he felt it was now time they had another. He gave th e experiences of the present day as compare? with those. of years ago. If they had to go 200 mlles m a ye<l:r WIt h the old horse ambulance they used to crow about It. B ut in 1927 they had 402 cases and trave ll ed some 7,000 mil es, while in 1928 they had 434 cases and travelled over 6,00 0 miles. In conclusion, he paid a high tribute to his offic ers and men.

Amid hearty cheers. Commissioner Richards then pr esented Mr. Miles with his warrant on promotion as Cor ps Superintendent, and Supt. Jackson with a twenty years' service bar.

HORSIIAM.- The competition for the "Sir Willia m Gentle" trophy was again won by the Littlehampt on Division. The competition was held at the New Drill H all, Horsham, on April 17th. The judges were Major W. II. F. Noble (Asst. Commissioner for Kent), team test; Dr. H. Southey (Maidstone) and Dr. F. Cozens (Herne Bay), indil'idual; and Commissioner E. A. Richards, viva voce. The entries were disappointing, four teams entering, but only two competed The results were :-1, Littlehampt ol1, 319; 2, Horsham Divs., 281.

Major Dr. Noble addressed the competitors, and said that as a judge he would say that the work done was o"ood, but in a county like Sussex there should have been more teams in competition.

No. 9 District.

EXETER.-The No. 9 District Finals were held at Exeter on April 20th. Eig ht teams competed. The fi rst prize, the Devon and Cornwall ambulance' trophy, was a silver shield, given by Mr. E. Smerdon. of Newton Abb ot, anel the second prize was a cup, given by Messrs. Lennards. Judges were Dr. Verniquet (Kingsbridge), Dr. H. C. Adams (Paignton), and Col. Lauder (Plymouth), and they commented on the all-round excellence of the work of all teams.

County Officer T. D. Perkins was secretary, and Ambulance Officer Broad acted as marshal for the tea ms, which were placed in the following order:1, Newton Abbot, 250: 2, Exeter, 244; 3, Plymou th, Central, 233; 4, Redruth, 213; 5, Torqu ay, 211; 6, Totn es, 194; 7, Dawlish, 182: 8. Tavistock 175.

Supt. Bowden, Exeter, who entertained all present to luncheon and tea, announced after the prize distributi on that the City Council had promised to provide new he adquarters for the Exeter Brigade, and they hoped at the next competitions to welcome the visiting teams to their new depot.

The Mayoress of Exeter (Mrs. J. S. Steele-Perkin s) presented the prizes. Others present included the Mayor, the Commissioner for Cornwall (Mr. Trounson), Cor ps Supt. Wheatley (Totnes), Corps. Supt. Rice and Corps Officer Greenslade (Newton Abbot), County Officer Vick, and the Commissioners for Devon (Mr. T. Pengelly).

May, 1929.

No. 10 District.

FIRST

11'SWICLI.-On Sunday morning, May 5th, members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, Ip swich Corps, under the cha rge of Corps Supt. C. E. Fiddy; the Nursing Corps under Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Hodgson; and boy and gIrl cacle ts, attended S1. Michael's Church.

Previous to the service, the Corps assembled at th e Ambulance IIall, Samuel Road, where Lady Corps SUpl.

IIodgson presented the band with a mace. This was afterwards wielded very skilfully by E. J. Roll inson, all the march to church, and gave a magIC touch to the smartness of those on parade.

Among those present were the Assist.ant Com misSlllller , Dr. S. O. Eades, and his staff, District Officers F. E )J cthercoat and J. E. Death, Dr. Fryer, Corps Office rs Pepper, Powell and Goddard. At the commenceJ1lent of his a ddress the Vicar welcomed the members of the Brigade, and said that h e appreciated their presence that day, being his last as vicar, for he regarded as his parishioners, as the Ambulance Hall was 111 St. "\Iichae l's Parish.

On the return to the Ambulance Hall, District Sur"con Dr. W. Fryer presented warrants to Sergt. W. C. 1Jayhcw (Orwell Works and P. R. Woo llard (Social Settlement DIVISIOn) , upon thelr promotions to ambulance officers.

In a short address to the parade, the Assistant Commissioner elwelt on the work of three branches of the Bri,racle in the district, viz., the motor ambulance, the :\lcJica l Com forts Depot, and the patrol duty, emphasising the fact that the sympathy of the general public was solicited

ORWICII.-J\t the invitati on of Dr. W. E. Rutledge (hon. surgeon, Norwich Corps, St. J Ohl1 Ambulance flrigade) a concert and social at the Tudor Hall , Rosc Lane, on \iVcdn es ctay., Apnl 11t h. Among those prl'<;cnt were 1\1rs. W. H. Scott, Dr. J. S. i'lr. J. W. 'W hit es ide (I-T.1\1. Inspector of Factones) and Whiteside, Mr. TI. 0 Clark (vice-prcsiclcllt). !'Ill'. II i:,; h 1\1 r. Salldell. anci l\1 r. S. E. R Scott (hon. secretary). The chairll1an (Iv! r. It. O. Clark) read apologies for ailsence from Dr ane! 1\1rs. C. Day, 1\1rs. Hark e r, Mr. and 1\1i-;s Fox. 1\1 rs. Brown, and 1\1iss Southall.

':\1r. 'clark spoke of the increased activities of. the 11I'i ,rade durin'" the past year in c01lllcction with the "anou s duties that hecn unclertaken at local theatres, cinemas, road patrols, and gymkhanas, etc. He emphasised the necessity [or recrui ts, and went on to say that l\1r.

(in cons ultation with the County Controller and Dlstnct Commissio n e r) had fixed the date for the Norfolk and Suffolk competitions for the "Tn\'eagh," Holmes"

" Cook" Cups for Saturday, July 20th, at the NorWIch Lads' Club

l\ Ir s W. H. Scott spo ke in high praise of the St. J oh11 Amhulancc Brigade, and ref erre d to the good work that had been done hy its members, among whom she was proud to he a v c ry old member, having obtained. he.r first-aiel certificate as far back as 1888. She then dlstnbuted the award' \\'on in the recent examinations.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

DUHLIN .-In the first round for the Dublin Ambulallce Challenge Cup in the St. John Amhu!ance Brigade Hall. Creal Strand Street, Dublin, on Apnl 2-1-th, Brown amI Nola n I team defeated City of Dublin by 209 marks tn 191, anel Broadstone team defea te d Brown and Nolan 11 hv 202 to 172.

During the evening Sir John visited. the IIilll, and congratulated Corps Supcr111lendents Keat111ge and]. H. Webb on the smart turn out of the men. He

A I D. 287

allpealcd for support from the Brigade members during the Catho lic Emancipation Week and the motor cycle races. Acting Lady Superintendent Miss Eileen Bl a ndford and Assistant Commissioner A. ]. Connor were also present. Dr. Margaret Merrick and Dr. Nolan were the examining doctors.

------. --.

,. The Eight -Point Cross."

Do you kno\\" the story of the Cro ss r The Whitc Cross of Sl. John, The Cross that carries eight good point. , And a lesson in everyone.

The Eight-PoinL Cross-each point a sLcp On the path of Love and Duty.

Live up to these points; 'twill wid en your lif e, And lend to your soul true beauty.

Ob ervation is the primal point, Then close behind comes TactKnowing just what to sayar do , And the proper time to act.

Resource and Dexterity folio\\' next, l\lake perfect, then, your sk ill. You may not see the purpose no\\", Some day , perhap , you will.

Then Sympathy- that prec iou s gift Wh e n hearb are brui ed and bleeding.

Just tell them that you undel-sta nu; That is the h e lp they're needing. vVhen things go wrong, and " 'on't come right, Then you must try again.

So Perse\'ere until you\'e \Yon In the battle of Deat h and P a in.

\Vhen seem impossibl e, And defy exa mination , Tha L is the time to s ho \\" that \ OLl Pos sess DiscriminaLion.

Then, last of all: k eep th ing s quite clear, .-\nd akays be Explicit; Tell people just the thing y ou mean. That's !lot a hard task, is it?

If you can practise these eight POiIlts You'll be a man indeed.

For it /lllIst raise your life and mine \Vh e n we're h e lping tho se in neeu.

Give of your best, you won't regr et, NO!: count your labours lost. It is a noble ,,"o rk you do So ne, 'e r count the cost.

Then suffcrers ,,·ill eyer bless The Whi te Cross of Sl. John. .-\nd YOu when life's last twilight falb, \\'i!l hear thy Lord' s" \Vell donc !"

- E:-\..\ l\f. BurnLlpfield.

l\liddksex Count)' Council ha\ 'e agreed that <lIlU similar in "titutions supporte I \yholly or p,ut.l) hy \ tar), contributions houlcl he exempt from ratI.ng-. 1 he Council requl'sled the County \ Taluatinn not [0 olfer an)' opposition ill the cyent of proposals beIng mack with that object.

FIRST

___________ -

FILM OF ACCIDENT.

May, 1929.

FIRST

A I D. 289

P · I

vvreckage and debns. NOTE FOR J UDGE.

I' Id the Fly'in o Gl"Ound. ,\ Accident occurs III a 1C near 1 · I . 10" thc crash proceeds forLllwlth to locate mec lanlC on learll h. ".1

1 e and takes with hllll a fire exLmguls let. wrec zag, c1 1·c 'If 110w of The Officer in cbarge of team as:(s !11eC lanl b t d AfLer examination, the mechanic petrol can e s oppe ·t that flow of petrol ca nnot be stopped, as tan IS repoI:- d vVhen the officer enqu ires if any further danger damahe I '11 ,(( No further danger from aeroplane, the m ec 1al;:c WI sa) , -at

The film shows an aeroplane to Lhe an St. John Ambulance Brigade Ina s. . 1 'fterwa rd s the pilot yll1g- pl"One the explosIOn, anc d N .' a finals were held on Friday, Tr-IE A111 bu lan ce and Ul S1l1::, t I London and it is I t tl Great Centra :-1.0 e 1\Jay .10t 1, a. 1e. that these competitions become more plea.sll:g to t ecol.d D g the afternoon the band of the realistIc each yea l. ulr.ln P J" e rendered music in the " A" Di\'ision, .let ropo Itan OIC, '''inter Garden of the HoLel. . H Sheldon The judges for the lY[ens. B.Ch.: i\LD. (yiva voce); Capt. CEo M,B., B.Ch. H. C. Darby, L.R.C.P., .' R C P , F, C. (I d "d I)' Capt '\ Ellison, 01. R.C.S., L. n 1\'1 ua , < .,.

An inquisitive spectator approache s smoking, and is im111ediately ordered to tingu sh the cigaretLe, but not to the thro" the stump on the ground

When the pilot is aroused he groans, hut does not answer.

On enquiry, in fo rmation is oiJtall1ed there is an ambulance r00111 on the Fly\1lgGround, 50 yards a\\'a)", where stretche.r and blankets arc availahle ; a doctor fi\ e away, but out; and that ambulance S stationed at the hospital 10 mTles away

. . for· the "Perrott " The com petitIOn Sh ield was :-

PART 1.

Each com petitor has to: -:- .

(n) SubmiL to ora examln" Il Aid and Nursing.

I "t )11 '111 Fi rst

(b) Render First Aid to a case of supposed disability. PART II.

INTRODl'CTTO:\' TO TEST.

(First paragraph read onle to Team.)

Together with members of Division you four Sisters have .spent the

the eve ning you are now walking homeward s towards the staLion down a SLeep hill, at foot of which s a house. Ju st above a bend in the road, half-way to the stat ion, a twoscater car drivt:n by a girl passes at a speed which a larm s YOLl.

Suddenly you hear a crash, and as you turn the bend of the road yo u see a man lift the girl out of the wrecked car and carry her into hi s house.

FU.M OF ACCIOENT.

The film s how s a. two-seater car da'ihin g down a hill y road in the country. The car crashes outside a hou se, in a 1'00111 of which a man is seated. H e was in alarm, dashes out of the hou sc, and car rie s the girl into a room, where h e rlaces h er 011 a sofa

NOTE FOR J UDGE.

Accident occurs outside a house \-"hich is half a 11,ile fr0111 Halt Station and from First Aid Post where are two Brigade men and full equipment, and five miles from the town where nearest doctor, hospital and ambulance are available

'Phone calls to First Aid Post brings equipment (in passing car) in three minutes, to Hospital reveals that no is avai labl e, and to doctor elicits that he is out and that, if asked, lw will ring up, for which the 'phone rings one minute time.

Patient is lying- on sofa unconscious, with wounds on rig-ht forehead and clavicle and with marked swe llin g of right ulna. The man discovers that patient is neice in s ists on her being put to bed. On a table (aga1l1st which res ts a loaded gun) is a telephone. Bearers instructed to bring full eq uipm ent (includinp- st retcher) and to form correct handseat.

At the conclus ion of the competitions H. R. H. the Du c hess of York was received by Lady Perrott and MajorGe neral Sir P. Wilkinson, the Guard of Honour being \ id ed by the No.1 (Prince of Wales') District.

" Chalmers" Trophi es, whilst the "Lady )l\1ountgarret Cup went to Lhe Guildford team.

The winning teams were then presented with the various trophies by H. R. H. the Duchess of York Individual prizes were given to members of all the teams.

The Team Tcst of the "Dewar" Shield was a very interesting one The film showing the aeroplane diving and crashing to the ground in Aames gave the petitors a very realistic idea of what to expect on the "field of action ." Many, however, missed points which were very obvious. The mechanic shou ld havE" been asked" if flow of petrol could be stopped and if any further danger from aerop.lane or nre." The" inquisitive spectator" smoking a c Igarette should have been asked to extinguish the cigarette, but not to throw the stump on the ground. He could also have been utilised to telephone to the Hospital and doctor, and to get ice from the cart some distance away from the " scene of action ." Ho\yever, the work on the \\Thole \"as well done, and the cOlllpetitors are to be cong-ratulated on their smartness

The Duchess of York presenting the" Dewar" Shield to the Bricklayers Arms Team.

Cozens, M. B., B. Ch. (Team Test); W. Han eY Ree\ 'es, O. B. E., Earnest A Richards (Unifo-rms).

Judges for llw Women's Test we:e:

W. H. F. TobIe, L.M.S.S.A. (First Aid); l\Jiss 1\1. S. Cochrane, R.R.C. (Home Nursing); F. "\"'J. Morton Palmer, M.D.,M.A. (I ndividual); Miss C. E. Todd, R. R. C. (Bedmaking); N. Corbet Fletcher, M.D., M.B., B.C., L.R.C.P., Miss A. M. Phillios, A. R, R. C. (Team Test); Mrs. C. A. Miss E. M. Rideout (Uniforms).

The competition for the "Dewar" Shield was :-

PART 1.

Each competitor has to :

(a) Submit to an oral examim1.tion in First Aid.

(b) R en d er First Aid to a case of supposed disability.

PART II.

INTRODUCTION TO TEST.

You four men are proceeding on duty to a Fete. Near your destination you pass a Flying Ground. You stay for a moment intereslf·d in machines tak ing off. You watch them Ay in formation, and are Lhrilled by a stunt pilot engaged in evo lution s, when sudden ly he nose-dives, and-

d t t a St J01111 First Aid Post whIch on u y a c. 1 is six. miles froni your county. town ane Ol:l' mile from a raihYa), halt station. Late III

\t the subsequent presentation of prizes Major-General Sir P. \Vilkinson announced Lhe results as fo11O"\\'s :_ " DEWAR" COMPETITION.

The" Perrott" Team Test was the "spot" piece and attracted the crowd. Dr. Corbet Fletcher worked the Test as propaganda for Road Vlork of the Brigade and set the teams a stiff test into which was worked a novelty-All in/urt"es we1'e actually present-(an incised wounel of forehead, a compound fracture of cJa"icle (fragments protruding-) and a simple fracture of ulna)-z"n plaster casts. Consequently the Judg'e stood by watching examinations and saying nothing-. Teams either found the injuries or missed them, and in latter case cou ld not complain, when after Test ended, he directed attention to the cast. 'evertheless the \\'ork was 'iplendid and constituted a triumph for the WOI1lf'n who are rapielly catching up the men (they started years after them) in the handling of ambulance tests. It ,,'as a real pleasure to stand hy and watch their skilful handling of the unconscious girl and her talkati\'e <lnd some\\-hat some" Uncle Albert."

Reviews.

POCKET FIRST-AID READY REFERENCE.

By Joseph \V. \Valmsley.

London: Polt"ce Re7'/ew Publishing Co., Ltd. Pr/ce IS. 2d net.

COMPETITION.

Marks.

Bournel1l0uLh No.2 526

2, Ham pstead 1 523

3, Kingston (Hull) 6 492

4, Oswestry 7 489 Guild[ord 8 485 ;), 6, Blackpool " 4 482 7, Abertilkry Priory for Wales 465 8, Ripon No.5 46+

9, Moka (Ipswich) 10 4++

10, NorthampLon Headquart ers 3 4+3

11, Plymouth Co-op. 9 418

Bricklayers Arms team also won the "Trimble" Trophy, whilst the Wolverton team won the "Symons Eccles" Challenge Cup. Hampstead team \\'on the "Corbet Fletcher" and

The author who is ambulance instructor to the Blackburn Police has recently re\ ised and illlprlwed .his useful little book, which bas been compiled "'ith the object of enabling certified fiirst-aider to at a glance the ment of cascs of accident and sudden Illness. The ment of the book is good, as on the left page we details of the treatment under discussion, whilst on the nght page there is set out briefly, but accurately, the s:uy nl·st <lid treatment. Th ere are also pages for detaIls as to local doctors, hospitals, &c.

TIl e British Red Cross Society has issued :l new poster hy Charles Pears, the marine painter and \\Titer.. The poster repre e nt s a a holdll1g lip between them a lar o'e red cross, which OCCUPIC" !-he rf'llt- -·· to. "TI 13" I L- of the picture. The only inscription is 1e :>ntlS 1 n .eLl Cross" across the top, a space being left at the hottom for local cOlllm ittee to fill ill a they deem fit.

. I "P ··ott" Shield to the The Duche ss of York"presentlllg;;t1c, ell Bournemouth Nurse s Team.

A

I D

Priory for Wales.

PETITlONS, Tcams fr0111 the Garnant Ambulancc and Abertillery :'\ursing Di\'isions WOIl the right to represcnt \ Vales ill thc fillal compctitilllls for mcmbers of the Sl. John ,\mbulancc Brigadc in the annual of t,he Priory for .\\Tal cs , held ill the Law Courts, CardIff, on Saturd<l}', Api'll 13th, whcn se\'ell ambulance and fivc nursing teams entered Thc men's test was unique in that Dr. Edgar LJe\\'Cllyn (thc judge) had used as its basis his experience a month s back, whel1 during heavy frosts the car carry1l1g hIS wifc and baby and dri\'en by him elf, skidded on Tumble Hill and He was, howe\'er, kinder in his imaginings than fate \\'as in his c,:se, for ,on Sat,urday the injuries were sustained by the lmagll1ary dnn:'r while the lady was thrown clear.

• In the accident which was the basis of the te ,t , Llewellyn suffered a fractured arm. Dr. Llewellyn's test was by "Nay of being a "teaser" and it tripped the C0111-

He intended it to be a of p 'ycl:ology and deduction rather than of mere bandagll1g and spltnts. The competitors were expected to sho\\' human fe.eling in g:etting a passing motorist to the lady and chil? to their home before starting to work \nth the damaged dn\·c r. For the most part they got the l1aby, a life-size doll, out of the wa\', but, learning the lady was uninjurecl, left her on the ro;{dway until they had finished with the injured driver. That \\'as only one catch. The big one was that the driver was represented by means of two overturned chairs as being pinned in the car.

As the doclor explained later, the first thing \\ 'as to him out of the car, but only two teams thought of this; he confessed that the work 'was well done, and prophesied that if one team which had caught his fancy turned out the winners on the day's competitions, which included practical ane.! "iva HKC tests as well as the more spectacular' 'accidents," ther would do well ill the LondoJ1 CompetiLiolls.

The results 'v\'cre as follows :-

33-+

May, 1929.

J21{ 297X 227}

\bertillcrv thus becamc the holdcrs of the ",\rlhur Griffiths l\femoria l " Cup for the year

Ladv (Herbert) Lcwis, O. B. E., pn'idcd 0\ l'r thc presentation ceremony when tilE' Lady l\ ayorL'ss nf Carelill (Mrs \\'. R. \ Vil iams) handed lhe trophies to the successful competitors. Lady Lewis said lhat slw was taking the rlaCl' of her husband, tbe Pr i nci pal Secretary and COllllll issionl'r for vVales, who was pre\'cnlcd by illncss from being- present for the first time in the history of the compclitions Suppor ting Lady Lewis were 1\1rs. Cornelius GriFfiths, Miss l\lur iel \iVilliams, 1\1r, and 1\ l rs. vVilson Bartlett, Captain T. E. Richards, Dr. Llewellyn, Dr. J. 1\1. Wilson, and 1\1r. Hur ry Riches.

The Judges were: ",,romen's section: Di\'isional Surgel1n T. v\Tallacc, Centre Surgeon S. Glal1\ illc l\1orris, Corps Surgeon A. VV. Hayles, and Corps Surgeon]. I\f. v\Tilson

I\len's section: Corps Surgeon G. Stanley Phillips, SubCommissioner Captain R. J. I aac, Corps Surgeon S. Divisional Surgeon G. J. and Corps Surgeon Edgar Llewellyn.

FORTlICOi\lII\G CO;\IPET1TlONS.

The Commissioner for vVales has becn appointed Honon-lr\, Director of Ambulance for the Royal l\' ational Eisteddfod of vVales which meets al Li\'e rpo-ol in August next.

The programme of com petition' has been apprL1\'ed amI conditions and entry forms will be issued shortly. The events include the following :-

The cc Lady Lewis" Cup, of the Priory for \\ 'ales, a special medal to each member of the winning tec-un and monetary prizes.

This competition is open to teams of five men holdin g' a lirst aid certificate of a recognised socieL),

The "Lady BUle" Cup, of thc Priory for \\'ale s, d special medal to each member of the winning lL'alll ,llld monetary prizes.

This competition is open to tcams of fOLlr \\ 'l)Jlll'Jl, holding a 11rst aid and home nur ing certilicate (If a recognised society,

The" Tre\'et hin " Shield, a special medal to ..;ach ml:lllber of the winning team and monetary prizes.

May, 1929 F IR S T

each member holding a first aid qnd home n u rsino' certillcate of a recognised soc iety. "

Competition for teams of men resident in either of the North vVa les counties, yiz , c\ nglesey, Carnarvonshire ,\f:rionethshire, F l intshire, a.nd shire, A team to consist of five men hold ing a C'l'rtificate for lirst aid of a recognised society. I\ [onel.lry prizes to the first thrl'e' teallls and a gold medal to member of the "'inning team.

COI:lpetiti.on for tec-ullS of boys under eighteen years of age, reSident III Lancashire, Chesh ire, vVales or Monl110uthshire. r\ team to consist of 11ve boys holding a first aid of St. J ohn's Am.bulance Association'. l\1onetary prIzes for the first three teams and a medal for each member of the winning team.

Competition for teams of girls uncleI' eighteen years of age, resident in Lancashire, Cheshire, \i\'ales or l\Iollmouthshire. A team to consist of four girls, holdin<r a first aid of l. J oh n's •\.mbulance Association. Monetary pnzes for the hr ·t three teams and a medal for each member of the winning team.

The ambulance competitions in cOIlnection with thc Royal \i\'elsh c\gricultural Society Sho\\' at CarclifT in .\ugLlst arc being organised, as in formel- years, by the Priory. Entries aro? il1\'ited for each of the following contests :-

Siher Challenge Shield, open to teams of men in \\'ales and the members of which ll1.ust hold a first aid certificate of a IT cog- nised society. First prize, £3, second prize, £2.

Sih'cl- Challenge Cup, open to teams of ladies in \Vales and l\lonmouth hire, the members of which must hold a first aid and home nursing certificate of a recognised socicty, First prize, £3, second prize, £2.

",lrnalt Jones" ShIeld, open to teams of St. John Boy Cadets, in \Vales and :\[onI11outhshire, the members of which IllU,-;t hold a lir st aid junior certificate of the Orcler of SL John. First prize, i..:2 1Os., second ]Jl'izc, £1 10s.

" COI11mi sioner'"," Cup, open to tl'Hms of Brigade men in the City of CrlI-dill Cc ntre, Prior\' for vVales.

The Prion - for \Vales \\ ill gi,'e it prizc to the w(l1ning team.

A I n. 29j

A sug-gestion that the old St. John Hospice on c_asLle ,g iw'n to the Priory by the Right Hon. LOld G.C.M.G., mig-ht he used as a subject of an interesting discLlssion. This hi<;toric buIlding was kno\\'n far and \\'ide in the earh part of the, eleventh century, famous tor the protection it affol and .for the care of the sick and \\'oLl nded giwn by lhe r'>.l1.lghts In accordance with the motto of their Ord e; " Pro fide."

TI:e Committee was \'ery interested to learn that His '.' the of Llanelly, at the annual meetino' of the licenslllg- of public vehicle, called the attention" of all operators to the ad\'isability of carrying first aid outfits as suggested by the in the 1icensing year.

.\. \'ote of sy mpathy was passed with Lady on thc death of Lord :\10 ·tyn, a Knight of Justi ce of the Order HonoraI') B <liliff of '\'alcs, \\'ho took a vcry keen

290

This competition is open to teams of nve men resident in Wales or holding a first aid certificate of a recognised socielY·

The" Silurian" Shield, a special medal to cach melllber of the winning team and monetary prizes.

This competition is open to te;.llllS of four \\'omen re:,ident in Wales or j\ l onmouthshire holding a first aid <lm! home nursing- certificate of a recognised society.

The" lsca" Trophy, a special medal for each memhl'I' of the winning team and monetary prizes.

Open to teams of boys under eighteen ycars of agc resident in or Monmouthshire They must be accredited members of one of the fol lo\ving Boy Scouts, Boys' BrigRde, St. J ohn Cadets, British Red Cross Soc iety J uniors, C h urch Lads' Br igade, Wei fan; Centres, etc. A team to consist of five, ca.ch meillber holding a first aid certificate of a recognised society

The" Gwent " Trophy, a special medal for cach melllbel' of the winning' tea.m and monetary prizes,

Open to teams of girls under eighteen years of age resident i n Wales or :V onmout)lshire . The\' mLl st be accredited members of one of the following org'<lnisati ons: Sl. J ohn Girl Cadets, British R ed Cross Societ\' Girl G ui des, Welfare Centres, etc. A team to consist of fo ur,

" \Volllen's" Cup, opel1 to teams of Brig'ade WOIllen in the City of Cardirr Centre, and the Caerphilly Sub-district of

The Aberlillery Nursing team at ,,"ork in the" A.rthur Griffiths" l\lemorial CLIp Competition. the Glamorgan County Centre, Priory for Wales.

The Priory for vVales \\'ill give a prize to the " inning teaIll.

I\[ONTIILY 1\1EETINGS IN CARnIFF of the ,\mbulance and Executive Committees were held at the Priory Rooms, La\\- Courts, Cardin', Professor E. L. Collis, D.I\£., presiding.

It was agreed to make application for Sen ' ice I\Icdals for fifteen years' efTi.cicnt sen'ice on behalf of \VilliaI11 Joncs Lillie, 1s1\\')'n Corps, l\ l onl11oLlthshirc Centre; Lewis Jones, Kenl1g Hill Di\'ision, Glamorgan County Centre; George Higginson, Chirk Di\'ision, Denbighshire Centre; and a Bar tn till' Service l\ledal, D;wid Jones, Chirk Diyisioll, Denhighshire

The following mcdical men were elected Honorar) Life :'Ilembers of the Priory in recognition of IOllg periods of \'oluntary sen'ice in the cause of the amhulancc 1ll0\'enwnt in the County of Carl1larthcn : Sydney vVilllia1l1s, !\l.R l'.S., L.R.C. P', George Stanley Phillips, l\ R.C.S. (Eng.),

in the e tablishment of the Priory and its work In \\'ales.

BOROl:G1I OF RHONDDA

nonh

The annual competitions for members of the Cpper Rhondda and lid-Rhondda Corps for the" \\'. E. Willi Cup for men, the "Lady '"aughan v\'illiams" Cup for nurscs and the " ir Rhys \Villial1ls" Cup for cadets \\'ill take place at the Ystrad Rhondda Labour Club Hall on Saturday, June 8th, 1929, at fOLlr o'clock.

Saturday, ] une 15th, is the date selected for the InterColliery competition conflned to employces of I\lessr '. D. Dd.\ ies and Sons, Ltd., and the Consolidatecl Cambrian, Ltd., for the "Peter Haig Thomas" Shield. The compet ition will take place at Coed-Ely, commencing at3 p,m. Parti culars may be obtainecl from the 'ec rctary, Corps Secretary IV. R. i\latthe\\'s 2, Royal Terracc, Treala\\'.

"fHE PL UM BER &: JOU RN A L OF H EATING" I S m o n thl y) is THE p a pe r for all p r og r essive t ra desmen . Publlsbing- Office -4(), Cannon S tr e et E-C.<4.

Rat/way Ambulance News.

l11tcr .. !<aHway Ambulance

PRE Li MINARY TV..!\l TEST.

A me ssage comeS LO your scallon 11 uul a

Sdylllg Lh aL a n aeroplanc n as coHldeu w It,n L!le apl: W 11 es and crashed near the perman ent way aDout 4; m11e Hom Ule statIOn. Un arnval at the scene 01 the acc Ident yo u hnd the aeroplane 111 flames and Ll1e lY1l1 g on HIS back dI stance from the wreck a ge on l a ugh gr a Ss vil we other SIde of a deep dItch parallel to the raIlway. He IS unconscIOUs, bleedmg a large scalp wound on the nght side of hIS head, and IS burnt on the face and front of th.e neck. You llave an ambulance havresac stretcher and one blanket WIth you Deal WIth , the case.

Prompt approach; do not alter position before examinatIOn

Apply pressure to bleeding woul1:d,. WIth finger covered with lint or wool soaked 111 lOd1l1e

Turn head on one side; se e that breathing is unobstructed; remove false teeth (if any)

Ask man in signal box to telephone for doctor

Is a Hospital available? (Y two hundred yards

OIL the other sid e of the stattOn)

Is ambulance available? (No)

Undo all tight clothing

Cover burns with cotton wool, making mask for face

Cover patient warmly

Give nothing by mouth whIle uJ?-consclous

Examine .for cause of unconSClOusnessBreathing? (Stertorous)

Pulse? (F ee ble but rather slow)

Pupils? (/rregulcLr and fixed)

Is there bleeding from cars, nose, or blo?d trIckling down back of throat? from right ea?')

Ar e left side of body and l1mbs more lImp than right? (Yes) .:

Do not ask the colour of face obscure fact)

Examine for other injury-

Upper limb s (2), Shoulders (2), Chest (1), Abdomen (1), Back (1), Pelvis (1), Lower Limbs (2) (C oat 1'S toni a,t 1'ight elbow) and the?'e is bad bruising and sweIl1:11g about oute1' side of 1'ight eLbow ioint. No other visible inj'lrlry.)

Immediately support and steady right arm

Treatment of head injuries-

Raise and support h ead and shoulders

Paint own fingers with iodine

Cut hair round wound with scissors

Has bleeding stopped? (Not quite; on removal of digital pressure it C01nes away in spurts j1'om one point of wound)

R eap ply pressure as small artery must be bl eed in g

Apply ste rile pad and bandage to wound

Has bl eed in g- stopped ? (Yes)

Wipe away bloocl from rigbt car, but do no t plu o

If coid water is available, apply to bead

Tr eatment of rigbt elbow joint-

Make angular sp lint hy t\'ing two sp lint s tog'ether

Apply angular splint to inn e r side of arm, elhow and forearm

Bandages round arm, forean!! and hand

Support limb by large arm sh!1g ,

Has patient recovered. consclOusness? (N 0)

Examine general condltlOn? (About the Transport of patient-

Doctor not arrived. Decide to remove patien t to Hospital

Test stretcher and slings Loading stretcher

M et hod of crossing ditch Marching to Hospital

May, 1929. FIRST

the Carvell Cup to the runners-up, Newport (Alexandra Dock), together with prizes.

Having also dIstrIbuted prIzes to members of lhe Lhird a nd fourth teams, Viscountess Churchill handed the "lIenry Butt" Bowl to th e South Lambeth team for having obtained Lhe hi g h est position in th e beginners' class, and the " Athlone " Cup to the Secretary of th e London A Divi s ion for havin g the lar gest percentage of successf ul r ec ruits for th e year 1928. Her ladyship then prese nted gold, silver and m.edals and a numb er of certificates for the most m e ntonou s cases of actual [u'st aid treatment rendered in the year 1928, t h e recipi ent s having been selected by the Company's Chief Medica l Officer as und e r :Gold Medal} Archibald W. Clunas; Silver Medal , Sidney Dancer; Bronze Medal, Thomas J. Smith.

Certificates-Albert E. Bosley, Georo'e Co u zens. Alfred T. Davies, Samuel Elms, William E. Harri es. Robert J. Hill. Thomas W. Hill, Clarence Hutchin gs. William Kirby. John Roger, Hug'b R. Rowlands, Percy

AID. 293

cases before him were evidence of t he widespread knowl edge of ambulance methods which was put to goo d u se, an d throughout the length and br eadth of the railway there were men qualified to deal efficiently with accidents which might arise.

A vote of thanks to Lord and L ady Churchill brough t the proceedings to a close.

Lo n do n, Mi dla n d a n d S c ot t ish.

The final ambulance competitions of the L.M.S. took place on Friday, May 3rd, at the Midland Grand Hotel, London. The judges were Dr. A. T. L akin, M.B., Ch .B (Manchester) team test; Dr. Meredith Young, M.D., D.P.H. (Chester), individual; Dr. A. Stuart Holden, l\1.B., Ch.B. (Preston), Viva-voce. The team test, which

The final ambulance competition for. thc Challenge Shield and prizes look place III lhe Genn cd Mecting1 Room at Paddington on. Fnday, Apnl 26t h, when Dr. R. Connon Rob e rt on adjUdIcated In the tea lll test and Li e u t.-Co l. F. A. Brooks judg ed the mdl vldual work.

The tests were well staged a nd a good co.mpet lt lOn resulted which was watched by a number of spectato rs, which included and. VIscount ess Churchill, Sir William Th oma s, SIr Pole tJll: and Mayoress of Paddington (CounCillor and MISS Sne ll ), Mrs. Carv e ll, and man y of the officers of the Gre at Western Railway.

The result was announc.ed at a bout 3.30 p.m. by Mr. \ V. G. Chapman (C e ntre under:Directors' Shield and FIrst PrIz e, Newport (D ock St re et) ; Carvell Cup and Second Prize, Newport Clnd ra Docks); Third Prize, Purton; Fourth PrI ZC, Swindon; Barry; Reading Ladies; Liskeard; Tauntol?

Lord Churchill (who presided at the presentatlO ll) cOllo-ratulated Newport on producing both the win ners anct runners-up and reminded the teams .that 011 th em would fall the responsibility of repr e sent1l1g the Western R a ilway at the Competition for th e lnt e r-R all\Vay Challenge Shield.

He was pa rt icularly pleased to see for the first timc in the hist o r y of the mov eme nt a team o f women employees in the Final Competition, and considered that t h eir acllievement in obtaining sixth position out of 328 tea ms who llad originally e ntered was bi g hl v creditable. H e had bee n grat ifi ed to learn that during the past year there had been a satisfactory inflow of r ec ruit s to the movemen.t.

Continuing, Lord Churchill said he appreciated th.at the high standard of first aiel efficiency attained hy rat!waymen represented a considerable sacrifice of thelr l e isure time, but th eir re a l reward lay not in competitio!l prizes. or even in medals given for exce ptionally torious treatment hu t rather in th e privi leg-e of affordtl1g assistance to their fellow s hy the relief of human suffering'.

Viscountes s Chttrcbill th en present ed the Direct ors' Challenge Shield jn the Newport (Dock Stree t ) t eam and prizes to each memher of the team, Mrs Carvell handin g'

G. \tY. Ry A.mbulance CompeLilions.- Viscountess Churchill presenting Directors' Shield to winning team.

J, Sutton, Edward R. Thoma s, James Tr a nter, Henry Ward

Sir Felix Pole paid t ribu te to the valuable assistance afforded to th.e movement by the medical profession, and to the ingenuity displayed in prcparing- the competit ion tests. Fi rst aiel was not onlY useful on the ra ilw ay but ill the home. the sports field and in the streets.

The :\Iayor o.f Paddington said he was proud of fact that t he Great vVestern Railw ay headquarters wa III the Dorough of Padding-ton, and te tified to. the seryices which we r e being performed by raIlway tramecl amh ulance men.

rl1 rcply, Dr. Connon Robertson, who a lso spoke 011 behalf of his colleag u e, Lt.-Col. F. A. Brooks. gave th.e competitors S0111e useful h ints with regard to the competItion tests, which had heen imp osed that day, which \\'ere mllch appreciated. Lt.-Col. Salisbury Sharpc, WllO hac!

the recipients for the meda l and certificate lor first aid treatmcnt, sa id tbat whilst the Company s best compet iti on teams might come .from South W a les, the

was held in public, kept a crowded hall fu ll y interested throughout the day.

The result was announced as follows :-

1 Crewe l\Iachine hop 369; 2, Liverpool, North 35-+; 3, Featherstone 4, 'W olverton "A" 33H; 5, Leamington 327-L 6, Bolton,yo 1 7, St?ckport 310; 8, Bescot Traffic 301; 9, Bnstol Loco. 300 p.omts.

The first t\',,'o teams will represent the Company III the In ter-Rai lw ay Competition.

Lady Stamp presented the shield, cup and prizes. the teams, and to Bull, Clark} l\lcCaffel t y , McGregar, Thornton, Warlbur ton. lllahog'a ny clocks, suitably 111scnbed} for mentonous fil st aid during 1928, Gi fts '.nre al 0 pre. to a.lI the District Ambulance Secretanes 111 recognltlOn of theIr \'olunt<l.ry services during the past year.

A yote of thanks to Lady Stamp \;I,,·a. proposed by l\Ir. J. Garc, President. N.U.R., who he was pleased to learn that the number of fll t-aldel s on the

L.1LS. \\'ere increasing. IIe would like t.o sec every man on all the railways' ambulance \Yorkers.

Lady Stamp in reply apologised for tbe absence of Sir J. Stamp, \\ ho wa away on national business He. hO\\,l'\'er, sends words of C'llcouragel11ent to all tbe COI11pttitors. It is also a great pleasure, continued Lady Stamp,

A I D. 1ay, 1929.

to be ab le to present prizes for such noble work and hoped that the men would continue in their studies) thus makin g themselves 1110re efficient.

TEA:\1 TES T.

CARD A. The team are members o( the starr of a railway station in a small couIltry tOWIl.

Month: March. Time: 10 a.m. \\ 'ea ther: Cold and dry. No train will stop at this station until lO.-t5 a.l11. There is a hospi t al ill the tOWll OIll' mile Cl\\ ay [rom thl' station. No other medical assistance is a \ ailahlc.

CARD B. (To be handed to No.3). You arc standing on the station platform, receiving instructions from the Inspector. A train is passing through when the door of a compartment flies open and a passenger falls out. He collides with you) knocking you down.

C\RD C. There is a se\'ere pain in front of my left shoulder, and it hurts me when 1 try to raise my arm. The pain is easier 'when I support m)' Ie ft elbow.

May, 1929. FIR ST

EXAMINATION OF PATIENT.

No delay in attending to patient

Is he conscious? (Yes)

Is he dazed? (Yes)

Patient in suitable position

Cove r warmly

Loosen clothing about chest, neck, and \\ aist

Colo ur of face (Pale)

Condit ion of pulse (Normal)

ConcJit ion 0 f breathing ( onnal)

Not worrying patient with Cjllestions

Encou r aging words

Exam ination of patient :-

I1eacl- Wound over left temple

Slight arterial bleeding

Any depression ? (Yes)

Trunk-Chest (No)

Abdomen (No)

Any deformity about pelvis? ( 0)

Can he mO'l'e his legs? (Yes) with great difficulty and pain)

PREPARATION FOR REMOVAL.

Patient

Stretcher

Report of o. 2 regarding o. 3

Report of No.2 regarding treatment ". possibility of '0. 3 being ahle t() asslst

I".nqmry as to whether TO. 3 feels wcll e nough to as. ist (Yes)

INSTRUCTION TO No.3.

Not to do any hea"y work

Not to try to clo too much

To report any after-effects

Cover patient warmly

o need for cold to head (colcl day)

Lifting patient ... , ..

Pushing stretcher uncler patient

Lowering patient

Examination of patient

Extras :-

Resourcefulness

No.1 does this himself he must sLay in thl office for 5 minutes and only hal f the marks ear11ecl \\ ill he allowed.)

his return Jud .e:e will say: "Amhu l ance will arrin in 15 minutes." TRE

CrC\\'L :\[achinc Shop Tealll. - '\\'inil ers L.i\l.S -\Illhulance Final.

Recognising pelvis

Upper limb s Lower limbs

possihility of (racture of ( one) (1'\ o11e)

Diagnosis

TREATMENT OF PAT1ENT.

Head Injury-

Covering wound promptly

Arrest of bleeding Ring pad, banc1c1O'e

Enquiry as to efficacy of treatment

Realising possibility of stupor

Realising probability of stupor deepening into coma (Yes)

Treatment of condition of stupor

TRE,\TMENT OF FR \ CTURED PEL \'IS.

Adjust in g patient's po ition

(Note.-No. 2 must see that N(). 3 is all right hcfo rc leavillg him.)

Broad handage - position and method

Test tightness-method

Pc'rseverence

Tactfulness

Test

Owing to the \'arious ambulancc finals, many District reports hm'e beC'1l curtailed. \\'il l readers pleas e note to selld reports to reach LIS not lat er than the 12th of the month.

One hundred and flft\ -se\'en teams from the York<;hirc co lli eries took pnrt in the ilrst rOLlnd of the competition fOI "\Vood" Shield, the nllnllal competition of Yl)rkshire Collieries i\lllbul ance League.

Southern .

The Final Competition for deciding the two teams to represent the Southern Railway in the Inter-Railway Competition was held In the Great Hall) Cannon Street Hotel., on Friday) April 19th. The judges were Dr. Orton of Coventry (team test), and Doctors vVhIte-Knox, London, and .Morton-Palmer, Teignmouth, respectively (individual tests).

Th c individual work was conducted in private, but the team test was carried out in the Great Ha ll ) w h ich \\ 'as filled to over-flowing throughout the who le day

The staging was the last word in realism and called forth the unstinted commendation of both competitors and spectators.

\V e l1aYC all, from time to time, seen pictures in the press of the terrible effects of railway disasters, and the team test \Vas based on the lines of one.

The team test applied was as follows:-

" On a cold windy afternoon three members of the team are walking along a lonely country lane adjoin-

the woman passenger, and take her to. a platelayers' hut which was fifty ya r ds away; then extncate wounded man [rom under train and remov.e fallen timber from leg s; examine for injuries and find compound fracture 01 right leg; treat properly and remove him, all strdcher) to hul. The o'uard's ,,'a n was then to be opened and fmu the guard, his head No inj ury is apparent, anu so he is also removed to hut. With the help of the two men passengers the li ne is guarded either by fog signals or rear light on li ne Messages to be sent to the railwa y station, and the ambulance, also a doctor 'phoned for. The hospital is a lso warned

The who le idea was to create a scene of much COllfusion, noise, fire, escaping steam, crie.s and shouts hysterical woman and injured man. IYl11g burnt 111jured Much resource and promptItude reqUlred to carry out all the work and remov:e to hut 111 the minutes allotted Only one team dId all that was requIred , and their work was very good .

The Competition was run very smoothly throughout, and at 4 30 p m. the result was announced as under :1, Waterloo "A," 28-1-; 2, Bricklayers' Arms, 272;

May , 1929 FIRST

won the Inter-Railway Competition in 1927) and h e h oped that the shield would again find a resting pl ace on the Southern this year.

-'

-'

London and North Eastern.

The final competitions for the G.E. section of thl: L.N.E.R. took place at the Rai lway Mechanics' Institution, Stratford, on Wednesday, April 17th. Seven teams from various districts competed, whi l st the judging was in the hands of Lieut.-Col. F A. Brooks and Dr. W h iteKnox After a very thorough test, in which good work was done, the result was announced as follows :-

1, Harwich and Parkeston " A," 222; 2, March, 221;

3 Stratford Works, 217; 4, Liverpool Street, 196; 5, Ipswich No. 2, 6, Bishop's Stortford, 182; 7, King's Lynn, 16n.

Lord Ailwyn distributed the prizes, being supported

D. 297

The test for the com p etitors was as follows: "Whilst waiting on a blazing hot day at a small country station, you four observe a solitary elderly man on a pair of steps, working at an uncomp leted bungalow in an adjacent field. Presently you see his tools drop from his hands) and he falls heavily to the ground. Your train is due to arrive in 15 minutes. Render first aid "

Presenting the shield to the winning team, 11r. Thomas IIornsby, the Divisional General Manager,' of York, mentioned that accidents attended by the area men in 1928 numbered 35)641, and the numher since the formation of the centre in 1896 was 1,033,512.

Fire =Ambulance Men .

AN exa m pIe to their colleagues in other districts has been set by the members of the Acton Fire

Southern Railway Team Test Scene.-Major Orton, judge ing the railway line, on their way to the station, where it has been arranged they shall meet the other two members of their team for practice purposes . One member of the team is guard of a train due to arrive at the station in five minutes) and the other is expected to arrive by the same train. As the train enters the tunnel the last passenger coach and the guard's van become derailed and are telescoped, the passenger vehicle catching fire. Confusion and panic results " Major J. Orton) the team judge, has sent us the following impressions :-

There were three patients to treat.

(a) Hysterical woman who had jumped from the t1'<li11 in tunnel and was crying out in hysterics alongside the smashed and te lesco ped train; (b) man caught in debris under blazin g train (memher of team); and (c) guard of train, suffering from pain in head and giddiness caused by concussion.

The teams were supposed to ge t three unilljured passenge rs. (two men .ane! one woman) out of train, console and qUIeten hystencal woman and place her in charge o£

At the conclusion of the competition the JJi recturs Challenge Shield and Sir Herbert Walker's personal prizes were presented to the winning teams by L ady Walker.

Sir Herbert vValker, in reply to a vote of thanks, very ably expressed by the captain of the winning team (Mr. C. Hatch, foreman ticket collector, Waterloo), spoke of the great pleasure it had given Lady Walker and hi mself to be at the competition. He was delighted to be able to announce that the ambulance movement on thl: Southern Railway was going forward by leaps and boun ds. In 1925 sixty-six teams competed) v"hilst this year no less than 133 had entered the various groups. H e was anxioLls that it shou ld be known t hat it would be his pleasure to increase the numb er of prizes in this competition as the number of teams increased The Waterloo" A" Team

Mr. H. H. Mauldin proposed a vote of thanks to Lord Ai lwyn and the directors of the L.N.E. H.ailway.

Lord Ailwyn responded in a few words giving CI1cou ragement to the men to carryon their studies, and stated that the directors would certainly assist in every wa y.

Mr. T. O. l\1.cin, the centr.e secretary, gave his annual report, which showed that here again numbers were still increasing.

The competition for the 'vVhartoll Shield, open to teams of t he L.N.E. R. Company's North-Eastern Area Cent re 01 the S1.. John Ambulance Brigade, was held Sat urday afternoon at the Railway Tnstitute, Gatesheac.1.

Leeds were the winniJ1g team) securing 238 points. H u 11 obta ined 213, York, 19S, Darlington 189, l\Iiddlcsbrough 189, and Newcastle 18 L Dr. Duncan, 01 West Kensinglon, was the jnclge.

Brigade . Several members are already qualified in ambu lance and first aid work, and Chief Officer A T. Overall has decided to grant facilities for the extension of that qualification, to all members of the Br i aade. \ Veekly classes in ambulance work b were started on May 9th, under the superVISIOn of Mr. A . S . App leton, Supt. of the Acton Division S .J. A. B

The knowledge gained will be specially useful to firemen, as acciden ts at fires often req uire timely action.

The fact that most of the mem bers are prepared to devote their spare time to acquiri?g t?is know led ae, is another instance of the determll1atIOn of the volu n teer brigade to make itself efficient.

3, Barnstaple No.1, 259; -1-, Waterloo" 13," 255; 5, Lond on Bridge ., A ," 200; 6) Southampton West o. 1, 192; 7, Horsham, 191; 8, Ashford Works No.1, 190; 9, Deal No.2) 180; 10, Eastbourne, 170; 11, l1£racombe, 165; 12, Redbridge ., B," 160.

Southern Railway Final. - Lady "Valker presenting Shield to the \\'inners, "\Taterloo "A" Team. by various ge11tlemen connected with the railway and amlmlance movement.

Nurses Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

No 1. DISTRICT, S J.A.B.- The competItIOn for the A. M. Walker Cup for Efficiency in Drill (confined to Nursing Divisions of Central Area), will take place in the Drill Hall, Humanity House} Lupus Street, S.W., on May 25th, at 3 p.m. It is hoped that there will be a good number of entrants, as it is the fir t time this Cup has been competed for.

On M ay 18th, at the Municipal Hall, ToltenhalJ1, the Bruce House School of Music gave a pupils' concert, dming which a collection was made on behalf of No. 1 Nursing Division for the purpose a f providing uniforms for new members. Lt.-Col. Brooks} Commissioner of the District, and Lady District Officer l\liss Walker were present.

During the interval, the Commissioner made a short speech in which he explained the obj ects of the Brigade, and appealed for the generous support of the audience on behalf of members who were willing to give their services but were unable to provide their uniforms. He \yarmly thanked the staff and pupils of the school for arrangingthe concert on behalf of this cause} and congratulated them on the result.

There was a large attendance and the proceeds of th e collection was very sat-isfactory.

District Finals were held at the I orthampton Institute, Clerkenwell, on l\Iay 25th. Five Nursing Divisions of the District competed in the team tests} and 12 Ambulance Sisters in the individual Competition.

In the team work No . 16 (Hampstead) Diyision were placed first} with No. 39 (Temple) Division second} being{our marks below the winners. The judge was Dr. K. H. Lund. No. 65 (Southern Railway) Division won the Iountgarret Cup for bed-making) this competition being adjudicated by Lady District Superintendent Miss Rideout. Amhulance Sister M. Graham of No.9 (Borough of Kensington) Division won the Nursing Bowl, Dr. A. Offerd Stuart being the judge.

Robinia, Vi countess Mountgarret} O.B.E.) kindly presented the trophies. In the course of a few remarks} she said that it gaye her great pleasure to present her Cup for the first time. She hoped that the teams would soon be so efficient at bed-making that another test could b e substituted for the ]Jresent one

Lady Mountg-arret also presented the MacRae Cup to Gray (C.N.8.) Division-represented by a very smart team of cadets-thei r competition having taken place on March 9th.

JO. 2 DISTRICT S.J.A.B.- The annual competition was held last month Lo decide which team should represent the District in the Brigade Finals. Unfortunately Bristol had no team competing- this year. Bournemouth Division secured first place with 3851 marks out of a possible 473. Chesham (Bucks) Division were second with marks.

No.8 DISTRICT, S.J.A.B.-The Decies Cup was competed for at Dover on April 10th by ursing Divisions of Kent. The entrants were from Ramsgate, Westgate-onSea, Herne Bay, Folkestone, and Sheppey. Th e Cup was won by Ramsgate for the sixteenth time out of a possihle t \Venty-two.

This team is to be congratulated on mainlaining ts

eft1c ency In 192-+ it was successfu l in winning th e Perrot Shield at the Brigade Finals. The prizes were presented by the Mayoress 01 Dover. At the conclusion the Ramsgate team attended a short serV1ce of dedication of the new motor ambulance for Dover.

CORNWL\LL.-During the winter months Ambulanc e Classes in connection with the S .J. A.B. have been held at Botusfleming, the lecturer being Dr. N. G. Harvey, of Saltash At the recent examination held at the end of the course, all 16 candidates passed . It is hoped that these ladies will soon become members of the Brigade and will enjoy many years' useful senice.

STr\LYBRIDGE.-Eightcen girls aged 11 to 16 were presented with certificates 011 April 27th hy the l\Iayores s of the Borough. They have just passed the preliminar y examination in connection with the S.J.A.B. Cadet mo\'ement, and therefore form the beginning of a new Cad et Division attached to the local T Ul-sing' Division.

Lady Superintendent Mrs. Broadley is to be congrat ul ated on the result of her efforts, which she C0111111encell ear ly last winter and which haye had such SllCCCSSful resu lts.

VVJTLTEllAYEN.-The S .J.A.B. Nursing Division of thi" to\\ 11 has discovered a 11ew way of raisi ng fun cis. Films. lent by the European Picture Co., Ltd., and the Firs National Pathe were creened hy them at the Empire Picture H otlse 011 Sunday, April 21st, in aid of the Division al funds. Mllsic was supplied by the Arcadian Orchestra. The programme \\ 'as Illuch appreciated hy a large aud ience.

ELIMINATING CO:MPETITIO:-\S FOR THE ST,\NLEY SHIELD

-ERR ,\T \.-We regret that in reporting the result of the eliminating competition for the Stanley Shield held at Oxford, an error was made in last month's issue. Th e re lilts should have read: -1st, Berkshire, 596 point s; 2nd, \Varwick shire, 592 points; 3rd, Oxfordshire, 583 points; 4th} Bucks., 562 points. We trust that the tvV () teams whose places we reversed will accept our apologies.

The Jersey Cup was competed for at the Town Hall Assembly Room, Oxford, on April 13th., the winners bein g' eligib le to compete in the final round of the Stanley Shield Competition. Three teams entered from Oxford, two from Witney, and one from Souldern. The cup was won by Oxford Team No. 1, Souldern gaining the Cartwright Shield.

At the end of the tests, Dr. Gardner, County Dir ector of the B.R.C.S.} and Controller of the V.A.D of t h e District, introduced Lady Furley} who kindly presented the pr.izes. She is the widow of the lat e Sir John Furley) who, w1th Lord Wantage) IIltroduced the Red Cross movement into England.

Rhyl V A.D. were again successful in the first COlll1ies' test held at Chester l ast 1110nth, Carnarvonsllire gail1mg place. T wo years ago the Flintshire team was secund in the Finals lor the Stanley Shield.

May, 1929. FIR S T

Staffordshire Worcestershire, Herefordshire, Glol1ceste r s hir e Glamorganshire competed in April for the privilege of entering the Finals in London. The winners were IIereford with 869 points, Worcester being second with 780 points. The judges were Major Folan of Beachlcy, Dr. Edwards of Radnor. Nursing Si Ler He1lderson of Cardiff, and l\Iiss Allen, O.B.E., of Gloucester.

Perseverance was rewarded on April 9th when Wivelscombe V.A.D. (So111crset 22) beat Devon V.A.D. in lhe first stage of the Stanley Shield Competition. Twice before have they suffered defeat- first by Exeter, and la st year by Torquay hy a narrow margin () r two poin ts They haye continued to work hard, however} under their able Commandant, Mrs. Capper, and at their third attempt have been successful.

At York l\Iili t ary Hospital on April 27th, Durham V.A.D 12 and Nottingham V.A.D. 36 met to decide which sho uld enter the next round of the Stanley Shield Competition. Nottingham gained the victory with 826 points, Durham heing 19 marks below this.

Abindoll, Didcot and Wantage V.A.D. met at the beginning of the month at Wantage to decide who should hecome the holder of the Challenge Cup presented by their three Commandants. The test was in bandaging and the use of the Thomas Splint. Didcot \\ 'o n the CuP and \V antage secured the prize for bandaging.

The annual competitions 0 ( the Norwich Division of the B.R.C.S. were held at St. Giles Parish Hall on May ot h. The results were: - V.A.D. 128, 255; V.A.D 66, 236; V.A.D. 62) 204; V.A.D 6-+, 199; V A.D. 114, 176.

After the tests, the hon. treasurer, Mr. R. J ewson, pre'icnte d a handsome sil"er casket, suitably inscribed, to the De puty President, Mrs. Colman. O.B.E. In making' the prese ntation, he referred to the \'aluable \\'ork Mrs. Colman had done both during the war and afterwards, inspiring and helping all to carry out the task allotted to them, not her generous hospitality and munificent gifts t() the Division. She was a worthy successor of those I)ther Ilotable women of their City who hael done so much tl) relinl' paill and suffering-JcllllY Lind, Elizabeth Fry iln d Laura Stuart. He asked her to accept their gift as a permanent memento of their affection and gratitude.

V.A.D. INSPECTIo:-;'s.-The annual inspection of the \T oluntary Aid Detacl1111ents of Shropshire took place at the Speech IT all, KinRsland Road, Shre",sbury, on April 20t h. There were 149 meml)ers present, comprising nine \\'omen's and two men 's detachments.

The memhers were called upon to fit up the Hall as an emergency rest station for 30 surgical and medical Cel es. and carried out the work quite efficient ly. The Inspecting Officer, Col. J. Martin, expressed himself well sat isfied with tlle work and keenne s shown by the detachments.

Se\'e n women's detachments of the Viorc estershire V.A.D. were inspected on April 27th at the Drill Hall, \Vorcestcr, by Lady Plymoutll and Dame Beryl Oliver, accompanied by General Sir Francis Dayies} County Controlle r. Demonstratons were given in resclling patient {rom a 11urning house and conveying them to h ospital; \I ()rk at a child welfare clinic, in an operating theatre, a nd also in a hospital kitchen.

After the inspection) the COLlnty Director that it was with great regret that they had tbe resignation 01 Lady Coventry, the former PreSIdent, after many yea rs' faith f111 seryice. They \Yere ycry pleased to welcome Lady Plymouth in her place.

Th e new Lady President expressed her pleasure 111 acccptinu' the position, and said that it was a wonderful

A I D. 299

work the:y- were all doing and that they should bc very proud of 1t.

Dame Beryl Oliver congratulatcd all on the fine display they had given, and urged them to continue with the good work they had started. She begged members who could possibly do so to join the mohile ranks. Worcestershire's quota was 233} ami up to the present the actual number enrolled was only -+1. It was so necessary to kno\\' where we stood 111 case an emergency should arise.

Hants V.A.D. 8, ",hose headquarters is at Portsmuuth was inspected by l\Iajor E. A. Sutton, ;\J.c.) R.A.l\I.c., Ut; :\lay 6th. Demonstrations wcre in the usc of tIl(' Thomas Splint} dressing bayonet and scalp wounds} anel also in treating patients suffering from mustard gas, etc. l\laJor Sutton congratulated the detachment on their smartness and efficiency.

This branch of the B.R.C.S. is in need of more members. It now only numbers 46) of \,vhich eight are probatlOners-not nearly enough con si dering the size and population of the city.

PRmIOTION.-l\Iiss \Villiamson, Commandant of t T'll' Corbridge and Riding 1\1ill '-.A.D.} has recently been promoted to the po it ion of Assistant County Controller and Assistant County Director of the B.R.C.S. of Korthumberland. She has long shmivn keen interest in the cause of the Society, and has done much to secure new member for the V.A.D. 'vVe offer her our congratulations and good wishes for many years' valuable work in her new position.

AN ApPRECL\TIOi\ OF THE Vi ORK OF Two CA1IIBRIDGE V.A.D's.-The follO\iving account from a doctor of the splendid service rendered by two members of Cambs. V.A.D. 2} will doubtless be appreciated by all members of the moyement. The detachment must be yery proud of them. and the ladies themselyes are to be congratulated on displaying such e fficiency in a time of emergency " Cambridge has reason to he proud of its Voluntary Aid Detachment for the manner in \\"bieh t\\"o of its m embers acquitted thcll1selycs on Saturday eYcning, April 13th, ,, hcn a case of urgency and peculiar circumstances aro e. llece , sitating hurried preparation and performance of a dangerous operation in the house of a patient, who. owing to infection, could 110t be taken into the hospital. Likewise it was not thought desirable to expose di trict nurses. who might the infection a)1 over the town. The doctors were a Sl ted by t\\·o magl11ficent V.A.D.'s} t he quality of \\'ho e ,york in such emergency could not he adequately p'rai ed. the .11me the doctors arrived to do the operatIon. to then delIght they found a beautiful little operating theatre had been furnislled out of an ordinary dwelling, and everything \Ya ready for the success (ul operation that was performed. \Vitl1 0ut exaggeration it could be said that the successful is ue has been in no small measure due to the promptness in response, efficiency in the and meticulous care of t he patient foIlO\\'ing' the operatlOll. shown by these two Y.A.D.'s."

Suffolk .A.D. has 10 a yaluahle member by the death, at the beg-inning of the month., of Miss 'fir .1\1. Brown of Sudbury. She was a member a r a team :\'}11Ch took part in the County and Area V.A.I?. Compet?tlO.ns, and mallY timcs was one of those compns1l1g- a team. She also c1icl \'oluntary work at the local hospItal. l\liss Bro\\'n will he gTeatly missed both b'y her own tachment and hy tho e she \vas al11c to as 1st by carrY1l1g O1lt the \York she low'd.

l\lembers of the V.A D. contributed to\\"a.rd a purse which Mrs. Salisbury-J one, presented on thel1- behalf to

lIer Maj esty) Queen Mary) on May 8th, at the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital) London) when she opened the new Oueen Mary wino'. Owing to the generosIty of nch and pC;or alike, the new wing of this hospital-which was the first to be rlln by women for the benefit of ,;-, omen patients-opens entirely free from debt.

Our :\Iarch issne contained an account of First Aiel in Factories. Oil the 19th April a con fe r cnce was held in London on Industrial ursing," Ir. R. Hyde, Director of the Inciustrial Welfare Society, presiding. More than 100 repre entat iv es of First AicC and Welfare Department s of lar ge firms attended from all over the cot1l1try.

A luncheon "vas held in connection with the conference, at " hich Sir Edward I1iffe, LP.) was the g uest of hOllour. He said, in the course 0 f his speech, that the \\ ark hey were doing was of great importance in that it did I11llch towards rai sing the standard of living' of everyo lle in the conntry.

Dr. Leonard P. Lockhart stated that, on the average, per cent. of the insured wage -e arners of this country \\'ent sick for at least three clays eyery year. The cost to the was enormOllS, and it was here that the Industria l Turse could r ende r important National service hy doing' all she could to preyent illness,

During the luncheon, a lett e r was read from H,R.H the Duke of York in which h e stated tllat, on g'oing round the countn' , he hac! been deeply impressed with the valuahle contrihution the Industrial Nurses were making- to inclustrY hy the hig'hly effic ient manner in wl1ich tIle), dealt \\"ith all questions of health.

news and competition c social, interesting duties, lectures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance sister, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon London, KC.4.

Pioneers of Medicine.

JOSEPH LISTER.

(Born April 5th, 1827, died February 10th, 1912.)

IN the Lister Institute in London there hangs a picture by a French artist, M. Rixens, showing Lister paying hommage to Pasteur at the Sorbonne on December 27th, 1892, on the occasion of Pasteur's 70th birthday. These two men, Pasteur and Lister, have together by their discoveries saved countless human lives. It was because of Pasteur's discovery of bacteria that Lister was able to conquer the dreaded hospital gangrene. It was through Lister's discovery of anti-sepsis that Pasteur's work reached its full application in medicine. The scene painted by the French artist must have been intensely impressive, for scientists from all over the world had gathered to celebrate Pasteur's Jubilee. That great Frenchman, we are told, led Lister to the platform and embraced him, while the delegates wept and applauded. Recognition came to Lister only late in life. Like so manv discoverers, he had had to meet scepticism and even bitter attacks before his theory was believed.

Joseph Lister was born at Upton House, in West Ham, Essex (England), on April 5th, 1827. His father, a Quaker wine merchant, had been

A I D. May, 1929.

elected a Fellow of the Royal Society for his work in improving the microscope. Joseph was scnt to a Quaker school at Tottcnham near London, and at """17 he entered Un iversity College where, after three years of study, he gained his B. A. degree. From there he went on to the medical school attached to University College Hospital, and b y the age of twenty-five he had taken his M.D., was a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons and had won a gold medal in surgery. Soon after he had started work as a resident surgeon in University College Hospital he paid a vist to Edinburgh and there met Syme, a celebrated Edinburgh surgeon, who offered him a post in the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, a great centre of medical learning. Lister accepted gladly. Later on he married Syme's daughter. Although they had no children, their home life was a very happy one, and Lister' s wife helped him a great deal in his work. After some years at Edinburgh as assistant, Lister was appoin ted in 1860 Professor of Surgery at the University of Glasgow, and he was also given a ward in the old Glasgow Royal Infirmary. The windows of this ward looked over an im mens e burying-ground, an awe-inspiring sight cven on sunny days. The scene inside the ward was even sadder to a sympathetic large-hearted man lik e Lister, for death often followed operation. A wound which was clean at first would suddenly begin to discharge, and the patient would die in spite of all the surgeon's efforts to save him.

ie 9 tr Lister felt himself powerless in the face of thi s terrible" hospital gangrene" or "wound fever," and he determined to seek the cause. IIe note d that the gangrene nevcr attacked a patient whose skin remained unbroken, so he did not believe, as some people then did, that the decay came from within the human body. He thought it might be caused by the air, so he took infinite precautions to keep all air from the wound. He also had the floors scrubbed thoroughly and ordered the doctor s and nurses to wash their hands when they assisted at an operation, although they thought this a waste of soap!

ric;::"D In spite of all Lister's efforts, patients continued to die after operations, even though their wounds were not serious. Then one day he received from Paris some papers written by Pasteu r on the subject of putrefaction, in which the French scientist explained putrefaction is caused by livin g ferments or "bacteria." The idea occurred to Lister that this same process of putrefactio n through living germs might be going on in the wounds of his patients. If he could keep the wounds free of these invisible germs, he might be able to overcome hospital gangrene So he bcgan experimenting with a new treatment. He had heard th3.t carbolic acid was useful in treating sewage to prevent unpleasant odours, and he concluded that it probably also prevented putrefac-

May, 1929. FIRST

tion, so hc resolved to try carbolic acid for the trcatment of wounds. He therefore applied "antiseptic" dressings, soaked in carbolic acid, for the treatment of fractures and surgical wounds, and very soon his methods were succcssful. In other hospitals patients continued to die from gangrene, but in Listcr's wards they recovered after their wounds had been dressed with diluted carbolic acid, and covercd with cotton wool to serve as a barrier to the entry of germs.

When Lister made his first public annouceI11cnt of his results, in 865, many doctors were not conv inced, but he continued to experiment, to improve his methods and save more lives. He found that the use of "antiseptics" was bound to cause a ccrta in amount of irritation, so he began, little by little, to build up the theory of "asepsis" or minute surgical cleanliness. He argued that since the germs were not in the air but on the surgeon's hands, on his instruments and on his dressings, it shou ld be possible, by keeping hands, instruments and dressings scruplously clean, to dispense largely with the irritating antiseptics. This theory led to the disinfecting of the surgeon's hands and to the sterilising of all instruments and dressings -to the modern operating theatre as we know it t o- day. The success of Lister's methods led to vast improvements in surgery, and operations became possible which had never before been heard of, for there was no longer the dread of infection. [n 1869, Lister had succeeded his father-in-law Syme as Professor of Clinical Surgery in the Unive rsity of Edinburgh, a post of high honour.

Eight years later he accepted the professorship of Clin ical Surgery at King's College, London, and from then onwards he devoted himself to teaching his methods and defending them against hostile critics Hc died in 1912, having received many honou rs in old age and having been raised to the reerage as Baron Lister of Lyme Regis.

Lister's work has a special importance for Red Cross workers, for it was he who made "First Aid" poss ible. Soldiers who, before, died on the battlefields from suppuration of their wounds, even thoug h slight, before they could be conveyed to hosp ital, might now be saved by antiseptic dressings. It is interesting to recall that Henry Dunant (1828 -1910) and Lister (1827 -191 2) were contempo raries. Probably they never met but the ideas of the Swiss philanthropist were brought to fruit ion through the discovery of Lister, and the minds of both were bent to the same great problem of saving I ives and lessening human suffering.League of Red Cross Societies.

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The Priory for Wales is to provide a new motor "Ill bulance and station at Rhymney.

A n effort to l'csuscitate the S,]. A. Division at Clevedon, wh ich had becollle dorrnant, has been succes fu\'

A Band Guide.

EVERYONE interested in band instruments should secure a copy of " Band Guide" issued free of charge by Messrs. Henry Potter & Co., 36-38, West street, Charing Cross-road, London, \V.c'2, the well-known bugle, drum and fife makers. This booklet gives useful hints on the bugle, drum and fife, also parade formation, use of parade cane, staff, etc. ; a copy wi1l be sent post free on application. This firm have recently issued a new buo-Je b which has a very smart appearance and is reasonable in price. An illustration of same is shown in our advertisement columns.

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J\mbulance News euttings ft'om the

The Editor invites r,eade to send newspaper cuttings on matter of general interebt for inclusi on in this column,

FIRST All) TllROl'GII A \\'[l\'DO\\

By smashing a windo\\' in an upper story and crawling through it a policeman rescued two chi ldr en fro111 a fire in Greenwich.

The constable climbed 011 to a shed, forced his ,,-ay through the narrow window, and in doing so sen'rely hurt his hand. He carried the ch ildren out through the samc windo·\\' -Dadv llfirror,

FIRST .-\ID BY CUTTIl\'G TIIRO \T,

A dock foreman in Copenhagen who ,,-as found in a shed with his throat cut explained t h at while eating his su pper he found him self choking , a c rust or Inrgc crumb being in his throat.

In the absence of assistance h e cut hi . throat \\'here he felt the obstruction with a pocket-knife. Hospital doctors des cr ibe the operation as being remarkably well don e, and state that the man undoubtedly sayed his o,,'n life. Cit ron icle,

SAVED BY HIS CLOTTIES.

Adherence to the old "dage, " e'er cnst a clout till 1ay be out," sa"ed a Southend Corporation emp loyee from e,'ere injury. As he was working' at the pierhead a baulk of timber, weighing n ea rly two hundredw eight fell across his shoulders. He was taken to ho pitaL Before examinino his injury the doclor had to remove a "reefer" jacket, thick woollen jerseys, a waistcoat, a sh irt , and tl , ·est The thickne s of hi clothing had pre\'ented the bretlking of any bones.-E7'cnil1"r .\'nos.

DANGERS OF ALCOIIOL.

vVhile o' i,"ino- his "vife a cure for inAu enza il1\'oh-ing the use of a fla;1e in1">a cupping glass, a chemist accidentally set fi.re to her hair.

The wife jumped from her bed and upset the alco};ol which caught fire and et light to ,:hole house. \\ Ith their clothes ablaze, the man and hIS Wif e were rescued hy firemen and taken to hospital suffering fro111 sc\'cre hurns.Evening- lVews

Red Cross Branch News.

STANLEY SI11ELDS F1 AL COMPETlTIONS

Held at the \VharnclilTe Rooms, Gl. CeEtral Hotel, London, N.\,!.1, Oil \Vec!n-:sday, May 8th, the final C0I11petitions for Lhc Stanky Shields proved a vcry attracLin! and e\'l'llt. Teams participating were:-\\10111en: Berkshire, Dumbarton, Edinburgh, Esse."., Flintshire, H ercfo rclshirc, }\;ottinghamshire, Somerset. Cheshire, Essex, Perth, Stafford, Suffolk.

The imli\'idllal tests were carried on in private, but the team tests were watched by a large gathering throughout the day. The staging was very realistic and l)t'oYed a great help to competitors. The tests were as follows :-

::'b:\"s TEsT.-The team is on its way to perform duty near High Holborn and has nearly reached the fully equipped dressing station '.vhen a loud explosion is heard n ea r where a group of men and boys are standing.

The man has sustained a severe scalp wound and is entircIy unconscious.

The woman is COIl 'CioL1s uut is completely helpless , she cannot move her left leg.

At hand is the Cottage Hospital which is closed fo r ckalling. Thc stan is absent hut the matron is in t h e ho spital.

Thc team is allowed half an hour in which to administer first-aid and home nursing.

H.R.H. The Princ ss l\Iary, Viscountess Lascelle s, Commandant-in-Chief, arriyed at 2.45 p.m., the guard of honour being composed 0 f those competitors who h ac! finished their work.

A great interest taken by Her Royal Highne ss in the team work. After the tea interval Dame Ber yl OliYcr announced the resLllts as under :Women: 1st, Flintshire: 2nd, Essex; 3rd, Berkshir e.

Queries and J\nswers to eorrespondents..

Qtleries will be dealt with under tbe following rules :_

1. -Letler.; containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope "Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID 46 , Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4.

2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cu from the current issue of the J('Iurnal, or in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3·-Tbe Textb ook, to which refelence may be made in these columns is tbe 36th (1920) Edition of S.J. A. A. Manual of First Aid.

A.SPII"XIA WITII FRACTURED RIBS.

E. H. (Bradford) I have been confronted with the problem a s to what method of art ifici a l respiration should be used In the cas.e of a patienl who was both Asphyxiated and also surferlng frolll Fractured Ribs. I am informed that Sih'cste r, ;\Iarshall Hall and Schafer methods could not be applied with such combination, and I shall be grateful for a ruling on the point. You set an problel?1 which cannot be answered dogIllCltlcallr because Its depends on the site and variety of the } racLure of RIbs. Clearly Silvester and Marshall definitely excluded, the former because of the pull of the nbs, and the latter because of the rolling of patient to lhe righl side.

<

T.hercforc, if you had to treat such a combination, you are driven by a process of exclusion to adopt Schafer, which mdho cl you wuuld modify in accordance with special circumsta nces of case, on the assumption that re-establishment of breat hing is more important lhan risk of aggrayating the fracturcd ribs.-N. CORBET FLETClIER.

EXr\;\Ill\.\.TlO1\ HO\\ LER.

A. B \V. (Co\·cnlry).-In a recent examination I asked a. candidate ,, hat ",as the most important stcp in treatmenl of Burns; and you can my surprise when he replied; "SwlIr the Bunt." I thoug-Ilt that this w as a cUI:ious hO\\'!cr in mistake for coverning burn and send It (lIang for you r collection.

Good! Next, please! !-l\.C.F.

A I D. 503

vapour of Nitrite of Amyl greatly an altack. I would much appreciate it if you would give me your as to whether you agree or differ with these addlllOnal treatments for Epilepsy.

We indebted to you for a learned discu ss ion on a s ubj ect whIch baffles Lhe profession. Cnfortunalely do not know what preCIsely Epilepsy or what wtll prevent the onset of cOl1\'Lllsions, \\'hich in all cases run b.e this mild or severe. Our rE>ader " therefore, will be Wlse If they continue to adopt what you ca ll the" Masterly In activity" of the Textbook ralher than the s ugg est ion s which you make in your letter (lnd which I call cc l\Ieddlesome First Aid."-N.C.F. '

TREAT;\lENT OF FRACTURED BASE.

A. W. Green).-In a medical manual I noticed the paragraph under the heading of "Head InJun es "

"In Fractures of the Base of Skull it is of \'ital Importance the a\'enues, through which septic may should be guarded Thus, IrngatlOn and In ulfiatlOn of the nostril, ears, pharynx and Eustachian Tubes should be carefully attended to by means of of weak corrosive sublimate (1-1,000) or of aCId (1-100), and the packing of ears and nose '.nth .I odoform and other antiseptic gauze."

Is thiS not contrary to the teaching of our Textbook and also is there not danger of forming clots of blood and thus causing Compression of Brain? I thank you in anticipation for answers to my queries.

Danger looms ahead of First Aiders \\'ho read medical manual and tben consider ,\-bether or no the\, should a dopt lhe treatment therein ad\·ocated. I am glad 'to note, therefore, that you at least realise the dangers of active interference by First Aiders in cases of Fractured Base and that YOU have decided to stand by the instructions of the Textbook rather than run .the ri k of poi oning your patient or causing other the original condition. In an emergency it lS rarely pOSSible to take full antiseptic precautions; and consequently it is better to do \vhat one may in the "'a\ of prevention of aggravation of injury or condition rather than of act i\·c treatment, which is the prerogati\'e of do cto r.N.C.F.

CALCIClII C.-\RBIDE POISONI:\'G.

c. C. (Kensington).-Please tell u what you would consider to be the correct treatment in the case of a child who swallowed Calcium Carbide in mistake for s\\·eets.

On looking in the direction of the sound it is seen that a portion of the street has upheayed and scattered.

At the foot of a man-hole under the street is a man with the following inj uries: Complicated fracture of 6th lo 8th ribs, right side, and fracture of middle of left forea rm. Patient is conscious and has painful cough.

The other patient has been thrown down by the force o £ the explosion and is concussed and gassed. His face is lying near a broken gas pipe. There is a burn from three inches above the elbow-joint to wrist of left arm. The team is allowed twenty minutes in which to administer first aid.

TE.\11 TEST.-A man and his wife on a 111otor bicycle and side car haye ridden on to t he main road from a side road and have been run into by a fast car which has gone on.

1\lcn: 1st, Sussex; 2nd, Cheshire; 3rd, Perthshire.

II.R.II. The Princess Mary presented the shields and medals to the winning teams. Sir Arthur Stanley pr oposing a yote of thanks to Her Royal Highness for h er gracious presence, which was accorded with great enthusiasm.

The BriLish Red Cro 's Sociely, lhrough Lheir variou'> Branches, ha ve .fon,varded 70,000 articles of second-hand clothing for men, wOlllen and children in Lhe distress area s of the coal-fi e ld s In addilion, oyer 12,000 ne"" garment " have been made by working parties to reliev e the need s of various districts.

TREA'DIENT OF EPILEPSY

i\. YV (Betilnal Green). - The Texlbook is vcry brief on Epilepsy; and the whole of the recommencIed treatment may be ul11mcd up as Masterly Inaclivity. There are S0111C measures 'which, I think, might be useful for u s to adopt in the case of a fit. Finn pressure on both Carotid .\rleries often cuts short the attack. It was supposed that, by so doing, the amount of blood going to the brai 11 was sudden ly less ened; bu t the effect produced upon the conntlsions is more probably cau ed by the inllucnce of pressure on the cen ic al sympathetic and yagus nerves. This manccuvre is sometimes effective in preventing an attack. Also the inhaling of the

You have set a problem \"hich it is difficult to a ns,,,er authoritati,'ely because no book of ref rence at my command deals with Ca-lciul11 Carbide except to teach me 'that Acetylene, a poisonous hydrocarbon gas, is produced from t ;n contact with water. If the Calcium Carbide \\'ere s\\'allo\ved the acid juices of the stomach would to ·O l1lC extent neutralise the poison, which is not an acti"e corrosi\'e and is consequently not likely to burn through stomach \vall. POU1S ium Perlll a nganate is suggested as an antidote; and free \"ashing out of stomach \\·ith draughts of \,ater containing thc remedy (10 grains to pint) is clearly indicated if \\'e \\'ould protect patient fr0111 effects of Acelylene Gas which \\'ould give signs and )'m]1toms similar to those of Carbon }lonoxide. Further, if stomach should be distcnded with thc gas and patient should beIge out the gas, commonsense

H. R. H The Princess l\lary, Viscountess Lascelles, 'with winners of lhe "Stanley" Shields at the British R ed Cross Finals.

I 't of 1,'1111 a\\'a.y from any naked urge s 1e n eccss l y - <, lig hL - N. C. F.

CO;'. PLIC.\TED FR \ CTURE OF META C. \RPUS. ,\. D. CWidnes). - Pl ease tell m e if I s hould be in treating a co mp ou nd Fracture of l\I etacar pu s co mpIICated by a rt eria l bleeding' fr o m P a lm a r Arcl:es In the way as is d eta iled in T ext boo k for Ble edll1g from Paln1ar Arche

Th e a rt eria blcecling i the mor e se riou s injury ancl demands priority in treatment. .TIl of fi st, necessitated by tr eatme nt of bleeding, will al o. ten.d to the Fracturel l etacarp u s. So your s u ggestIO n IS gUlt c co rr ecL-N. C. F. R. R. (Sheringham).-vVe r ece ntl y ca m e ac ross a c uttin g In a nc\\'spaper which told us t h at a doctor had state d that in factories where petro l h a d been introdu ced for ment of wounds an d burn s the numb e r of r e-dr ess ing s had been reduced t\ovcnty-fivc per cent \\'e further lea rn ed that in Illotor car accidents where wound s h a d been contam in ated bv so il frolll the road pouring of petrol from thc ta nk -co uld b e relied upon to off tetanus. vV e s h o uld app r ec ia te yo ur ad\'lce on thIS POlllt.

P etro l is certai nly an antiseptic and is used b y so m e surgcons for preparation of sk in pr e\ iou s to operat ions. in November 1920 iSS Ll e of FIRST AID a co rr espo nd e nt u s that it would also co ntr o l bleeding to so m e extent. Th p ch ief drawback to its use for wounds is that it may prove an irritant; but th is is neg li g ibl e if it will protect from lockj aw -

BRIG,\OE

C. C. (Kennington) - Pl ease tell us if privates a r e a ll ow e d to be e lected to Social o r Financial Committee of their own Division in the Brigade.

Th ere is on ly one Divi sio n al Committee recognised by Brigatle R egulations ; and e lectio n of pri\ ates for e n ice t h ereon is illegal. Sub-Committees are somet im es form ed for s pec ia l purposes, suc h as a soc ial function, a nd pri vates may be co -opted an d se rve on suc h W e co nf ess that w e think a Di v isiona l Committee would be st r e n gt h e n ed by in clus io n of one or more pri vates who cou ld voice mor e sympathetica ll y than others the wishes of their own rank; but Brigade Regulations are framed o n the view that this would be subversive to di sc iplin e -EDlToR D ETA I LED SIIEETS.

1\1. F. (Bris o l). - 1 h ave been much inte r ested in the se ri es of D etailed l\Iarking Sheets appear in g in FIR ST Am month by month; a nd it has occ urr e d to m c th at marks are sometime g iv e n for as kin g questions whi c h i would be unn ecessary for a s m art team t o ask. In actual practice a smart team o n taking up pub li c du ty at s uch a place as an Exhibition (to quote Sheet No. 13) wou ld

A I D. May, 1929 .

acq u a int thcmselve with t h e .of do ctor, ambu lance, ho sp it a l, te lep hon e , fire ext ln g ul s h ers, eL c It would therefor e a pp ea r that a team would l ose I:n arks if thcy iss ued i n str u ct i o n s to u se wltho\It act ually as k ing ",d,ere w as s itu atc d ; a nd thIS act uall y happened in a co mpetItIOn l a t ye a r.

By the way, i s it n ecessa ry jab your f'ing:er i nto th e eye of a pat ie nt who an weI' s 111 con!us.ed fas hion and whose pupils rea ct to li g ht? Also, 1S It th e general practic e for a t ea Il1 to accompany l?ati e nt. to A so, s h ou ld s ling s of stretche r be a dju ste d If patI e nt h a s on ly to be carried a few yards? I s hall welcome y?ur op inion on t h ese points and yo ur answers to my qu e n es

The co ndition s of th e bi g Competitions require COlllpeti ng teams to d e m o nst r atp b ow they WOUld. co ndu ct se lv es in actual e m e rg ency and to talk as IIltle as p OSSible a bo ut what they would do ; a nd to e nd the s h ould be staged as r ea li st ica ll y as th e co mpetl tlO n r oo m wil l a ll ow. Simi la rl y, a prop e rly detailed m a rkIn g s h eet s h o uld set out in a ll d etai the olution which the author of the test cons id ers most s uita bl e for hi own probl e m.

Th e d etail ed markin g s h eet, hO\\'eye r, ca n on l y serve as a stan d a rd for fairness in jud g in g, and l)efore now I h <1\'e a ll owe d marks for treatment other than set down in my s h eet beca us e it wa s eq u a lly e ffi cie nt Th c in tro duct ion of the word" As!"" in these s h eets is only a brief m et h od of e mph as is ing the \ arious steps toward of the probl em , and is the cr u cial test of what you claIm would be the fi rst act ion of a smart team o n taking up public duty; a nd frankl y ca nnot credit your state m e nt that a team may be (and ", as ast yea r actually) pe na li se d because it u sed telephon e without first asking if s u c h instrument was ava il ab le. G oo d judg in g i s not a si mpl e .affair. a nd carr ies w it h it the need to exercise co n SId e r a bl e dI scre tIon a nd to m ake so me rapid d ec sio n s at times. No s h eet ca n be whi c h sets out the so lu tio n ste p by step; a nd some vanat lo n in seq uence mu st be a llow ed for cOl:"e n ie n ce in j ud gi ng' La stly, I co n fess that I am n eve r qUIte h appy about a les t until I have see n a o'ood average team \\' o rk o ut m y pro ble m

As fOl- your I am n ot in favour ?f First Aid Lrs " jabbing" (as you call it) the eyes of. patIents, be he y conscious or un co n SC IOUS; a nd I d o not gI\' e marks for su ch act ion. A rn ud dy fing'er mi g ht do ser iou s h a rm:

The T extboo k requires that a n un co n scLOUS patI en t sho uld not be left except in c h a rge of responsible pe r son a nd teaches u s that o ur duties as First Aide r s are n ot compl ete until patient h as been h ande d over to doctor. Th e r efo re , mo st tests rightly require that those who treat s h o uld proc eed with pat ie nt to h osp ita l. P PI-sona ll y, I do not ex pecL t he whole team. to go a nd on ly want evi tl e n ce that so m e of would so act in order that hi sto ry , ca u ses a nd fi rst 1Ie! r e nd e r ed ma y be set before ho spita

Last ly, I agree w ith yo u t h at a dJu st m c nt of s ltn g s of s tr etc h er is a waste of tim e wh e n pati e nt has on ly to he carried a few yards; and I u suall y a ll ow marks for recognisi l:g the va lu e of a few minutes save d b y omiLling this item In drill. -N .C.F.

COMPLETE CONTROL OF

RUPTURE TRUSSES ABOLISHED.

INSTANT AND PERMANENT RELIEF ASSURED!

FRACTU RES OF CLAVICLE, H UMERUS AND RIB S.

E C (Wood Green).-In a r ece nt pracLi cc '!'Ie h a d to il. patient who wa s s uppo se d to be s uffenn g f rom SII1; ple Fract ur es of C lavic le, Hurn e ru s and 6t h and 7th R ibs, a ll injuri es being on ri g ht s id e ; a nd we s h a.ll your rulin g as to the co rr ect treatment of thI S co mb ul ation of inj urie s

Su c h a patient would be s u fferi n g from m a rk cd d egree of Shock, w hi ch wo uld n ecess itate transport and tr eatm cnt

No wonder the great British Medical paper - - the LANCET -- enthusiastically endorses the ONLY BRITISH RUPTURE

TREATMENT

wh ich has the support of the Medical Profession.

Read what some of the Doctors say:

D ea r Sirs,-Having g iven the Appliance supplied to me lately a good trial, I fee l it only ri g ht to tell you that I am very with it, and find it fulfils all yo u describe in your claims for its functions in complete control of H ernia . I am quite satisfied with it and sha ll be happ y to recommend it to any fe ll owsu ffe rers I ma y me et. (Signed) , lV . V\1 ( 1.D. )

D ear Sirs,-I duly received yo ur. Belt wh ich I fitted on the patient myself, I am g lad to say that he finds It v e ry .superIor to any tru ss he has previously worn, and the Hernia is now held up for the firs t tune. I hereWIth enclose cheque (S igned) T. B. (;\I.D.)

ABSOLUTELY FREE TRIAL

If you are ruptured, send for free booklet describing the most wonderful appliance ever invented. It is not a truss. It is just a neat, washable little belt with a pad to inflate exactly to your requirements. You can adjust it in a moment, and it cannot possibly slip out of place. It is so light and comfortable that you positively will not know you have it on. Indeed you will forget the rupture altogether. It holds the Hernia with such gentle firmness that in nearly every case the broken tissues reunite and the rupture is conquered for ever. No wonder doctors everywhere recommend it.

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F.

in recumbent pos ition. F u rther, t h e fract u red hu me ru s appears to be the most serious nj ury ow ing to prox i m ity of Brachial Artery.

Consequently, I would 6rst fix up the r i b w it h t h e two bandages round body I wou ld then contro l the with splints and bandag-es ; and I wou ld co n tent myself III treatment of fractured clavicle by keeping pat ient flat o n his back and by tying upper limb in c lose contact with body by means of a hroad bandage. I would omit t h e axi ll ary pad for fractured clcwicle because 1 wou ld n ot dare to use humerus as le\'er.- C.F.

TRE,.l"T:\JENT OF IOD!1\E POISONING.

A. D (Widnes).-In an Individua l published in J an u ary issue of FIRST AID 6 marks are gi\'cn for adm i nistering an emetic after giving starch and '.vater as antidote. I wonder if this is correct because I thought that First Aider should only give antidote and app ly Gene r a l Rules.

General Rules include the giving or witholding of an emetic; and so I do not appreciate your difficulty I t was, of course, quitc correct to give the emetic because the l ips, though stained with Iodine, were not burned. - N.C.F.

POSITION OF KNOTS.

H VV. (Barnstaple).-At a recent practice we had to treat a supposed fracture of e l bow joint with most swe ll ing- on outer side. I applied angu lar splint to inner side of elbow, but tied my knot on outer side of limb. 1 d id so because I thought this position would be more convenient for me and for the doctor who subspquently took charge, and also more comfortable for the patient, especially if he should lie down. Opinion on this point was divided; and since the Textbook doe not clearly state position of knots in this case, venture to ask the fa your of you I' decision.

The Textbook (p. -1- 9) lays it down that knots of bandages used for arm or forearm should be tied on sp l ints. Ne\ 'cr theless, I fa\'our your decis on in this instance chieRy because the knots can be rnore easily tied and untied in this position. Further, I justify my decision by comparing th is injury with Crushed Hand, for which splint is p laced internally and knot of bandage externally.-N.C.F. ---. ._---

The "Dempster" Ambulance Shield competition wi l be held at Elland, Yorks, on Saturday, J uly 13th

The formal handing over by the Mayor, as organiser of Lhe Cheltenham Tm.vn memoria , of the motor amb u lance, which is to perpetuate the name of the Right H on. Sir James Agg - Gal-dner, took p lace on Wednesday, 24th Ap ril in the Montpellier Gardens. T he ceremony was atte n ded by a considerable body of subscribers and the genera p u blic, who were afforded fu ll opportunity of nspect i ng th e ve r y handsome and up-to-date vehicle wh ich is hencefort h to serve for the conveyance of the injured to hosp ita l.

The "DECOI{ATOR.s' & PAINTERS' MAGAZINE" (8d. monthly) is 1 HE trade paper (or all interestetfPublishing Office: 46, CanDon Street. E.C.4.

fetters to the E;ditor.

W e ar e in no way responsible for the opinions expres,ed, or the state me nts ma d e, by Correspondents. - EDITOR

BRIGADE UNIFOR 1.

DEAR SIR,

Now that the Textbook has been revised, might not t h ose respons i ble re\ ise the S ]. A. B. uniform

Starting from the head, could not the \\'hite cap ba nd be made detachable for washing purposes.

The present collar on the tunics could be chang-ed wi th ad\'antage to the type worn by the police, which is morc comfortab le, more hygienic, economical and smarter.

Our regulation water-hottIe is lamentably obsolete T here is a type on the market \\"bicb has a cup combined with the. stopper, and numel-ous other advantages. If it proves too expensive, I suggest that a piece of leath er be substit u ted for the ,,\,ebbing', which, on slim men, rolls up in an hour or two and cuts into the shouldec like a knife . Tile grubby piece of string securing the cork might with advantage be scrapped for a metal chain, which could be cleaned.

M ight not also the leather equpmenl bc black, as in a few years of constant cleaning with different materi als makes no two belts in a di\ ision the same colour.

These reforms would not be as expe nsi\ 'e as at Ilrst thought, as the equipment at present in circulation could he easily dyed and altered. I should 'ery much like to he ar other readers' \'ie\\"s on the malter. - Yours, (C ·C C. J. V\'IllTE. Tottenham, N.1S.

The annual house-to-house collection in a id of the Di <.;s and District "-\mhulance produced the sum of .£-+9 13s. td ., about £2 less than last year.

The rvriddlesbroug-h Red Cross D etac hment, in conjunction with the J\fic1c1lesbrough, S.J.A. D., are again ar r anging to form road patnls during the sUl1lmer sea on.

LL AN D DE MONS T RATION AND CARNIVAL.Ambul a nce competition for th e " Dempstet;' Ambulan ce Sh ield Will t ake p lace on Sa urday, July 13th, 1929 First pr iz es to the v a l ue of £ro; if more than 20 entries, four priz es. fhree spe cia p rizes w.II be awarded to the compe.tItors gai n in g t he hig h e s t number of mat ks outSide the pn ze wi nn in g team s. Ent ri es close J uly 1929 OP.en .to all t eams Asso ci at ion or Brigade. Entry on application to H. 13 1, C a herine"street, EIland, YOI ks Cheap fa res L.M S Ry N.B .- T he Eiland Brigade Will nut compete.

BRADFORD H O S PITAL ANL' CONVALESCENT

FU ND. - Th ir y -fourth Annua l Garden Par t y and Carnival at Li ster .Par k , Bradford, Saturday, July 20th, 19 2 9. A m bulance Compe ti t ions (open to all England). Ambulan ce Co m pet i t ion, N ur;:,i n g Competitio n (op e n only to teams of members of N urs in g D ivisio ns of St. J ohn Ambulance Rr lg ad e).

Entries clo se F r id ay, J uly 12t h, 1929 (or Satu rday mornin g's post will be ac c ep ed ), 45. per t e am. All e n tn es to b e made to James Batem a n, Han . S e c r etary 382, Barker en d-ro ad , Bradford

May, 19 29 FIRST

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FILM EXHIBITIONS

to aid t he Ambulan c e Movement IN A NY PART OF THE KINGDOM are a v ailabl e FR EE for the asking.

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a great human docum en t of MINING LI F E. A mbul a nc e Wo rk i n t h

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W EL L Ann ual Am bul a n c e C ompetition will be hel d o n June 29t h , in the Ki n g's Road Schools, Wombwell. Open to a ll E n g l and. Stretcher

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A I D. lay, 1929.

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Tele,t;raph ic .Address-" T wentl,Jour, Londo7l." Telephone- Centra l I</2

EDITORIAL .

AT a recent inquest held at A:'IB ULA CES Salford, on a lad of 15, who had STREET been thrown from his bicycle AC CIDENTS under a steam roller, it was disclosed that a motor-ambulance driv er of a neighbouring local authority refused to take the dying lad to the hospital j his reason bei ng that the accident not having occurred in his dis trict it was against the rules. According to the ru ling of thc coroner the ambulance men \vere not to blame, and were obviously following the instr llctions issued to them by the various Councils aro und l\lanchesterj that they must not carry cases un less they occur in the area of the Council.

In these days, when road accidents occur so fre quen tly, closer co-operation between local a uthorities is imperative .

The problem is not a new one, and in presentday traffic condit ions it will occur again unless im med iate action is taken. The remedy is in the h a nds of the various Councils. Ambulance units sho uld be instructed to deal with any street acc idents they may meet, whether in their own are a or not.

It may be suggested that some tax-pa y ers might object to contributing towards other Council's expenses, but it should not be difficult to make arrangements by which the cost of con v ey ing an injured person to the hospital should be reim bursed by the authority in whose area the accident occurred.

It is the plain duty of all local authorities to make, without delay, some such arrangement as suggested above, thereby avoiding a recurrence of similar cases, and consequently be the means of savll1g much suffering and the loss of many lives.

Burn Dressings.

1A Y readers will doubtless be interested in the following expression of opinion recen t l y received by a correspondent in the Industrz'al rVeifare :-

" In reply to your question re burns, it is true that picric acid was held in considerable esteem some time ago, but it is a relatively obsolete form of treatment at the present moment.

" The best form of dressing is spra y in g with ambrine, which is a form of paraffin, and which is supplied in various amounts with sprays of v a rious sizes for just kind of accident (molten met a l splash).

" Another very aood remedy is to have large pots of ointment composed of lanoline with 10 per cent. mixture of vaseline.

"This is highly recommended by many observers on the Continent.

"Another very handy remedy is a strong solution of common soda. One could easily dip some lint into sllch a sol ution and place it on the part affected

" When this has been applied, the next thing would be to dress lightly with some gauze followed by some wool, and then lightly bandage. )'

The sum of £8 has been add e d t o th e f und b e in g ra is ed to pro\ id e a new car for the LO\\' estoft t. J o hn -\mbul a n ce as the result of a whist drlye arranged by the loc a l bra n c h of Toe H.

Ju n e , 19 29.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Finals.

The Whitsun IIoliday made it necessary for us to go to press somewhat earlier than usual with our May issue . In consequence of this; we were unable to cleal so fully with these finals as we had intended; but we feel that a lthough late, the following will be of interest to all ambulance workers. vVe are now also able to give the" Dewar" a nd " Perrott" Team Marking Sheets.

Spectator writes:-

"The Practical Individual Tests were not a success in public) apparenlly only a few people knew as same

I, 1\1en's Team Test.- rot the success of other years and is getting more cramped for working space year. Too much talking going on and people walk111g about during the Test, especially in the later stages Tests would be better if stageel on floor and not on a ra ised surface, as time was lost by teams getting off in correct manner instead of walking direct to ambulance hut.

"Haying two doctors as judges is a great improve· ment. The film of the accident is still attractive to the competitors, but does not seem so interesting to

to r ece ive prompt attention, su ch as patient by surro undings, p lu s his injuries Also by 1l1ablhty to grasp early t h at the f ulkst outs ide help shou ld be made u.se of.

2nd Digita l pressure should be exact and cont1l1u ed, wh il st othe r means are used to control the hcemorrh age, just as though hcemorrhage was .actually likel'y to. go on.

3rd. Hurry and rush sometImes results 111 dIsord er.

4th. Petrol, whenever present, should be treated with the utmost respect and patient .move.d away from it as early as possib le, and due warnl11g gIVen to al! an.d SUI1dry that ground and clothing may: be soaked WIth It.

5th In the individual practIce no team lost m arks because they did not their cigarettes, but it seems to me that instead of putt1l1g them down on carp ets or floors) and stamping upon a neate.r, sa.fer,. and more workman-like way of putt1l1g ou t lIght IS pll:ching the end of the cigarette. The competttors were gIven lighted cigarettes when they the rooron ·

6th It is worth remember1l1g that artenal ha::m orrhage should be controlled at the nearest poin tfor instance-in bleeding from the palm It IS not necessary to stop the brachial, the radial and the ulnar should be sufficient) if p r operly done . . .

7th It is better to make a speedy exam1l1atIon of the patient for any hcemorrhage (it is fairly. ohvious) rather than to start askl11g the. examl11er ques tlOl1s.

FIRST

M. Phillips; A .R.R.C. (Principal Matron Q A .L M .N.S.).

INTRODUCTION TO TEST.-Fi r st parag r aph read on ce to Team.

Together with members of Ambulance Division, you four SIsters have spent the day on duty at a St. John First Aid Post which is six miles from your county town and one mile from a railway halt station. Late in the evening you are now walking homewards towards the station Jown a steep hill, at foot of which is a house. Just above a bend in the road, half-way to the station, a two-seater car driven by a girl passes at a speed which alarms you

Suddenly you hear a crash, and as you turn the bend of the road you see a man lift the girl out of the w r ecked car and carry her into his house

FILM OF ACCIDENT.

The film shows a two-seater car dashing down a hill road in the country. The car crashes outside a house in a room of which a man is seated. He rises in alarm, dashes out of the house, and carries the girl into a room where he places her on a sofa

f\OTE FOR JUDGE.

Accident occurs outside a house which is half a mile from Halt Station, and from First Aid Post where are t \\'0 Brigade men and full equipment, and five miles from the town where the nearest doctor, hospital and ambulance arc av ailable.

A

I D.

Fra c tures.

Fix for earm with two broad padded splints

Apply narrow bandages above and below fracture a thi.rd narrow bandage round palm

But

311

u!ly in St. Joh n sling

Oe clde reIllO\'e patIent to the bedroom

Despatch two Sisters to make preparations

I nstruct Bearers to use human stretcher

Carefuill' supc n 'ise method of removal

D ecide stand by till doctor arrives

REPORT OF C ASE , :-10 CONDUCT OF TE:\l\I-

R eport to D octor, who rings on telephone

Smartness and co'operation of Team

Competence of Officer who does no actua l work

Gr oss total

REGUL.\TIO:-l PDL\LTIES-

Use of uniform as covering (1 0 marks)

Unnecessary verbal explanations (10 marks)

AFTER CARE OF P.\TIENT-

DETAILS OF TEST.

\N B.-Bedroom, bed and bed·clothes all disarranged.)

Two Sisters to proceed early to bedroom

R apidly tidy up bedroom and furniture

:-Iext check of( all requirements of bed

PREPARATIO:-l OF BED-

Place mattress, then sacking under mattress

"

All welcomed H.R.H. The Duchess of York 111 U111form and were delighted at her speech It would be an improvement if amplifiers could be used next year) as those at the back of the Hall wer:e unabLe to hear distinctly."

II. C. Darley) L.R.c.P.) L.R.C.S., F.P and S , one of the Inclivid ual Test judges, writes as follows:-

To those who have not preyiously seen such competi, tions as those arranged for the" Dewar" and" Perrott " Shields the amount of tim e, and labour; involved in arranging the staging of the scenes of the accident is really amazing.

A real cinema picture thrown upon a moveable screen showed a young lady starting out in a car and driving a long beautiful country roads where she meets with an accident and is taken into a house. The screen was then r emoved and discloses two rooms of a house, one a sitting room and the other a furnished bedroom; nurses at work attending to the wounded) and one nurse preparing the bedroom for r ece ption of the case) making bed, removing rugs, etc.

An int erfe ring uncle of the inj ured lady was a very amusing feature in the piece. He was always getting in the way of the workers and had to be sent out, or found something to do by the nurses to keep him busy and out of their way.

In another large room the stage represented an aeroplane crash, the 'plane being' painted upon a l arge piece of canyas. The pilot was lying serious ly injured. He appeared to have a fractured spine as fa r as I cou ld judge from the distance, an opinion I formed by the way he was lifted.

Another test was staged upon an open road w h ere a motor cyclist had come to grief, he had concuss ion, and bleeding from the palm of hand.

In another place a patient was lying under a r epresentation of a laburnum tree.

And yet another was an inj ured person lying in a trench

There was not time to go into all the cases in detai l as j udg-ing of one section only, is a very arduo u s task, especially when eleven teams have to be examined, and there may be forty-five points to watch.

Some points which may be of interest are set o u t below.

1st. Some teams fall to pieces because they requi r e practice in imaginary accidents whe r e ma n y p oin ts have

Where there i scarlet grease pamt, you may ask the colour of blood and how it comes from the wound when you have found it.

8th. When competitors begin asking questions; without looking the patient over :vith an. observant eye, they are not makin o' a favourable ImpreSSIOn, to say the least.

'vVhen twg persons are working together is a advantao-e if both ask questions at the same tIme- It IS bette r tg appoint one as the senior and. let hir:1 questions wh ere necessary and he should Issue dIrectIon s to the other as to sending for help, or going with a message.

9th. 'When a doctor arrives it is well to mention to him any danger to himself, or the patient, ,which still exists and which you have been unable to aVOid, such as, for in'stance, the fact that patient's clothes may be soaked with petro l.

Lastly, where two ambulance men are workin g. toget h e r , the one should take in the general surround mgs and deal with them whilst the other gets down to the patient, then when all is safe, traffic stopped if sources of danger removed; bystanders taken notIc e of, !f any, and all in ord .e r; the man jn!11 his companion as quickly as pOSSIble to help hIm.

In conclusion I would like to say that the way !11 which one or two teams behaved in the test which I was judging was extremely creditable, and their .orders of procedure coincided so nearly with the mark1l1g sheet that I was very agreeably surprised.

I l earnt afterwards that one of these teams was a winner all round.

Miss M. S Cochrane, R.R.c.; who judged the 11 0111e nursing stated:-

T h at th e nurses she had to judge were indeed excellent. They were well informed on the subj ect A l so they showed marked signs of baving studied tl:<,11' subjects and b r ought thought and good commonsense 111to pl ay . T he attitude in all teams was smart and pro fess ional and t h ey have kept up to the standard shown on previous exam inations.

THE " P E RROTT " CHALL ENGE SHIELD T EAM T EST.

Judges.-First Aiel: N. Corbert Fletcher, M.A., M.n., B.c., M RC.S., L.R.c.P , Assistant Commissioner No.1 (Prince of Wa l es') District. Home Nursing-: Miss Ii..

'Phone call to First Aid Post brings equipment (in passing car) in three minutes; to Hospital, reyeals that no amhulance is available; and to doctor, elicits that he is out, and that (if a ked) he will ring up, for which purpose the 'phone rings 1 minute before time.

Patient is lyin g on sofa unconscious with wounds on right forehead and clayicle, and v\'ith marked s\velling of right ulna. The man discovers that patient is his niece and insists on her being put to bed. On a table (against \\ hich rests a load ed gun) is a telephone.

Bearers ins t ructed to bring full equipment, including stretche r, and to form correct hand -se at.

MARKS.

DETAILS OF TEST.

\I od e of 3cl\'a ncC' nf Sisters on h'luse

Ol1icIT knocks and olTers assistance

I'actful handling of man.in the hou'se

\5k if other female assistance ( None

Promptly removes gun to place of safety

Discover wounds of forehead and clavicle

\,-\< if any marked deformity right upper limb limp )

Loosen clothes freely; cover patient warmly

Forthwith ring up Bearers at First Aid Post (;i\,e detailed mes. age, asking [or help

\nd for equipment (h ere w it h n 3 minutes )

Ring doctor (out if as ked w ill phone on return )

Ring hospital for ambulance (not available )

\sk if any other suitable conveyance (No )

1-.X \\[1:-1 \TlON OF PATIENT-

"peak to a nd tOUCh ) patient no r es ponse )

\sk colour face pale ); breathing (s hallow pulse w ea k ); pupils (e qual , no reaction )

Start at forehead; as k colour of blood red )

Flow of blood (slow st eady , continuous

\sk if wound dirty (Yes ); if foreign bodi es (No

"'teri lise fingel's and test for irr egula rity ( No )

rest for wound or irregularity of dome No )

For blood frolll car, nose or into eye ( No )

Or history of v omiting of blood No )

Decide treat for concussion of the brain

:\0xt 0xallline wound over right clavicle

.\sk if fragments protrude (markedly )

If wound clean (Yes): colour of blood (red )

t 'haracter of flow (bleeding from wound ceased

Steri li se fingers and feel irregularity of clavicle

Decide treat for compound fracture of clavicle

I'rompt and careful support of the limb throughout

Cnmplete exam ination o f upper limb

Discover marked swelling mid shaft ulna

Test for il'l'cgularity (marked ): for wound ( NO )

Decide treat for simple fra ctu re fore a rm ,

Efficiency of examination for other injuries

Chest, spine, pelvis, and remaining 3 limbs none

'i'RE.\TJ\IENT OF PATIENT-

Wounds.

Wa h forehead wound with warm sterile water

Ster ilise fingers; paint with iodine; allow dry

Clean r) dressi ng, firm pad of co tton wool

FIX With narrow bandage, knot on wound

Paint iodine on wound of clavicle; allow dry

C!ean .dry dressing; no pressure o f pad

FIX WIth nanow, figure eigh t , bandage

Under·blanket, and over this an under·sheet

Tuck neatly all round under mattress

Bolster in case placed -lose to head of bed

\l ackintosh draw·sheet from bolster to knees

Cotton draw-sheet folded lengthwise

One end neatly tucked in on one side

Other end tucked in or hanging as pinned roll

Pillow slip projecting bero'nd bolster

Top sheet with upper end turned down

A nd lower end tucked away under mattress

Two blankets brought to edge o[ pillow

Bottom ends [or freedom of feet

Foot end of upper blanket folded back

COI'er all with light porous quilt OF PREPAR,\TION-

:'Iethod of tucking in, keep hands down

Extend finger, hand pointing to hand

\lol'e hands sideways and so place bedclothes

Fill, test, cover and place hot water bottles in bed

Fold back bedclothes for re ception of girl

I'L,\CING OF PATIENT-

Protect bed with an extra blanket

Wh en patient brought in b,' Bearers

R emove pi 1I0w and bolster' from bed

K eep patient's head and shoulders low, head to sice

Coyer warm Iv...

Carefully \vatch for further change ( Non e

Total

HIELD

Judge: Capt. A. Elli 011, M.R.C.S ., L.R.c.P. (Assistant Commis ioner o. 5 District).

INTRODUCTIO_ TO TEST.

You four men are proceeding on duty to a Fete. Near your destination you pass a flying ground. You tay for a moment interested in machines taking off. You watch them fly in formation, and are thrilled by a tllnt pilot engaged in evolutions, when suddenly he nose-diyes; and-

FILM OF ACCIDENT

The film shows an aeroplane crash to the ground, an explosion, and afterwards the pilot lying prone amongst the wreckage and debris

OTE FOR JUDGE.

Accident occurs in a field near the flying ground. A mechanic on hearing the crash proceeds forthwith to locate wreckao'e and takes with him a fire extinRl1isher. The Officer in) charge of team a ks mechanic if flow petrol can be stopped. After examinatIOn, the mechanIC reports that flow of peLrol canr:ot b.e stopped as tank IS damao-ed. Vvhen the officer enQl1lres If any further danger from b aeroplane, the mechanic will say, "No further dange r- a t pr e sent."

An inquisitive spectato r approaches smoking, and is immediately ordered to extinguis h the cigarette, but not to throw the stump on the ground.

"\iVhen the pilot is aroused h e groans, but does n o t answer.

On enquiry) information is obtained that there is an ambulance room on the flying g r ound, 50 yards away, where stretcher and blankets are availab le ; a doctor five minutes away) but out; and that an ambulance is stationed at the hospital 10 miles away.

DETAILS OF TEST. MARKS.

OAicer orders Bearers to double to accIdent

Officer warns bystanders to stand right back, and

SlOp a ll smoking..

Method of approach on patIent

Officer notices pool of clear fluid coming fr{Jm the machine. s it petrol?

(

rYes)

Man in mechanic 's clothing doubles up with fire ext nguisher .)

Officer asks him if he is acquainted with this particu lar machine (Yes )

Officer asks him to deal with the flow of pet rol, and

(

To stand by, continuing to keep a watch on th e 'plane for outbreak of fire

Mechl1ic reports tflat the now of petrol cannot be stopped as the tank is damaged .)

Officer decides on rapid examination of patient prepa atory to moving him from the danger area '"

(

Inqui siti ve spectator now approach e s smoking a cigarette .)

Officer immediately orders him to extinguish cigarette, but

Not to throw the stump on the ground

Officer asks him to stand by in case he may make use of him

Officer details bearer to remove patient's gogg les

Officer notices they are broken, and instructs bearcl' to look for si gns of injury to the face without moving the head ( No injury

Officer details bearer to remove the helmet carefullv

And attempt to arouse the patient

{Patient groans, but does not

Officer details bearer to examine spine, at neck, for fracture ( No fracture

OtTicer then details bearer to turn head slightly to side so that eyes can be examined

Officer details bearer to examine eyes and asks

Are pupils equal? Yes )

Do they contract on eyelids? Yes)

Does pat ient object to eyeball being touched? (Yes

OtTicer decides the patient is suffering from stupor

Officer details bearer to carry out r apid examination of head

OOicer notices blood coming from the mouth

Asks, what is colour of blood? ( Bright red Is it frothy? (Yes)

Are any bruise's visible? ( No

Any depression of bone? No

Are the eyes bloodshot? ( No )

Any fluid coming from the ear or nose? No )

What is the colour and appearance of the facc? Pale, forehead clammy )

Ollicer notices breathing, counts, and asks,

What is \he conditiun of breathing? Shallow , feeble, short )

Officer details bearer to count pulse, and asks,

What is condition of pulse? ( Rapid and feeble )

Officer asks mechanic if there is any further danger fr om the 'plane ( None at present

Oflicer details bearer (0 clothing round the neck, chest and

Officer detatls bearer to examIne trunk and limbs for signs of fracture dislocation, etc. ..:

As faT possible underneath t.he clothing

AS examinatIon passes over upper rtbs on the 12ft side Judge says there is irregularity and depression over 5th and 6th ribs .)

Officer as!<s iJ the fractured ribs the lung? Yes)

As exam!nat!on passes over the pelVIS the patient groans .)

As examlna.tlon passes over the lower limbs Judge says no fracture .)

Officer detaIls bearer to move the lower limbs carefully. ( patient groans.) Judge says there IS a fracture of pelvis

Officer asks mechanic if there is an accident room on the flying ground

Yes )

How far away? Fifty yards away)

Is there a st etche r there? Yes)

Blankets? (Yes

Officer details bearer to take spectator with him and collect stretcher and blankets. Away 2 minutes)

asks mechanic" [s there a doctor on the ground?" No , but he

Itves only 5 minutes away

Officer asks mechanic, "\lJhcre is the nearest telephone? ,; (There is one in the accident room )

Officer asks where is the nearest hospital' (Ten miles away

"Is there. an ambulance available?" At the hospital )

?fficer decI?es to send message to Doctor asking him to come at once

fype of wntten message gIven to bearer to send by 'phone

Officer bearer to send message through the Absent

2 minutes ..,

Bearer returns with message that Do ctor is not home, Officer's messag e wtll be gtven to him as he comes in .)

Office.r deCIdes, as soon as blankets arrive to turn patient gently on to hIS back on blanket spread out

Officer details to straighten out the low er limbs groans i: asks If Jl IS the most comfortable position for the patient (Yes

It IS)

OfTtc.er or<lers bearer to kel'p the head and to side ( PatIent b 3c.ome s es tless under movement. )

Officer drtatls bearers to further movement on part of patient

Officer deCides to place pat lent on stretcher

Officer del ails bearers 1 and 3 to prepare and test stretche r :::

Officer directs two bearers to stand one on each side of the patient facing each other, and

A 10. June, 1929.

Grasp the struts and blanket firml y with hands well apart

1f necessary, another bearer to g,'asp patient rounel ti,e hips, and Another to take c h arge of the patient's leg s

Offi cer g ives order, "Lift tog e t her" .,.

" Carryover th e stretcher bv short side paces"

Offi cer directs spectator to arrallge st etc her under the patient

Officer orders bearer to keep patient's head low ane! turn ed to one s i<l e

Offi cer details bearer to pass and tic broad ban<lage round th e patient's hips

Offi cer enquires as to state or consciousness Now completely unconscious )

Officer details bearer to fan th e patient

J[ the crowd presses forward, OtTiccr orders them to keep back

Offi cer decides to move patient 10 the accident rOOIl1, and

Await the doctor's arr iv al...

Offi cer states that t.Iecision to remove to hospital will rest with the Doctor,

But he has decided to IVMIl the hospital of the accident, on the telephone, and

fisk for the ambulance' to be sent at once in case the Doctor orders removal to h ospi tal

Clarity of elepho n e message

Skill and care in cart'yin!{ the stretcher

Officer asks if icc is availab e (There are ice·cream stands 011 the fete ground )

Oflicer sends spectator to ask for icc surrounding ice-cream containers.

Away 1 minute )

On arrival at accident room nfficer instructs hearer to wrap up the ict' in 2 or 3 triangular bandages and apply as a pad over the 5th and 6th ribs in front on the left side, and

Place patient's left arm in large arm sling

Then turn patient slightly towarc\s injured s id e

Officer arranges th at patient is kept well covered with blankets

Officer asks if hot-water bottles are availab le ( No

Officer orders fanning of face to be kept up

Officer details bearer to see that windows of accident I'oom are opened

wide

Officer makes enquiry of mechanic if he knows where patient lives mechanic gives address )

Whether the patient ib married (Yes)

Whether (here is a telephone at patient's home (Yes "

Officer decides not to use the telephone 2

But to send ta ctful written message to patient's wife informing her of the accident to her husband

Quality of written message sent

Officer asks mechanic to take the

Officer repeats enquiry as to patient's consciousness St ll unconsciou s)

Officer decides to wait with patient until Doctor arrivcs and to havc bearers in readiness to carry out Doctor's instructions

(judge says, II The Doctor has arrived I am the Doctor .")

Officer gives description of the acc ident injuI'il's found, and treatml'nt already g i ven

OAicer informs Doctor that ambulance has been summoned from hos· pital, if he should require it

(Judge says, II will now take over the case ")

Officer asks Doctor if he will reyuire services of team for lifting patient nto ambulance or other purpose No )

Orderliness of act ion

Orderliness or questions

Smartness and co-operation of Team Efliciency of Officer in command and detail

June, 1929. FIRST Brigade

No. I (Prince of Wales') District.

The Annual Inspection of th .e No. 1 (Prince of 'Wales') Distr ict, . S .J.A.B.) took on Saturday, June 8th, on the ExhIbItIOn. Ground) 111 Hyde Park. The Inspecting Officer was Pr111ce George) who was attended by Major Hugh Alexander, and was receIved by the S ub-Prior) Earl of Scarborough) the Chance ll or , Llcut-General SIr Aylmer Hunter-Weston, the Chief Commissioner, Major-Genera l Sir Percival Wilkinson and Lady-Supt.-in-Chief, Lady Perratt. '

The parade numbered 300 officers and 2825 other ranks) these comprising five battalions of men and two battalions of the nursing divisions

As the Prince arrived at th .e saluting base the large flag' of the Order was broken and the National Anthem played. The Prince carefully inspected each battalion, and afterwards took up a position at the saluting base.

The Brigade then formed up as battalions in column for the march past. First came the five ambulance divisions under the command of Captain L. L. Franks (Adjutant to the Commissioner), followed by the Nursing Divisions, in charge of Miss Rideout (Lady District Commissioner ).

The march past) carried out with impr essive effect, was witnessed by thousands of spectators

CARSHALTON.-The Carshalton Division attended divine service on Sunday, June 2nd) when the Rev. Frank Coope r conduct.ed the service and spoke on the work of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

be relieved of worry in connection with the Home Office Ambulance . by a small annual subscription.

The DIVISIOn a re to be congratulated on their finc progress. That the public appreciate their work is seen by. the statement of accounts, but still more support is reqUlred.

No. 2 District.

BOURNEMOUTII.- Mayor of Bournemouth (Ald. C. H. CartWrIght) preSIded at the opening of the new headquarters of the Bourncmouth Division at Boscombe on M<l;y 8th) which were opened by the Chief COmnllSSIOner, SIr Percival Wilkinson.

The local Lady Page Croft, was to have at the ope11lng ceremony, but was prevented from dOll1g so by the Illn ess of her husband, and her place was filled by the Mayor) who welcomed Sir Percival in the name of the Bournemouth Division. Supporting him on the platform \\fere the County Commissioner (Lieut.Colonel orman White, V.D.)) Major-General Sir Harry T: Brooking) Dr. F. C. Bottomley (deputy chairman), \'ihile LIeut.-Colonel A Heygate Vernon, Dr. Cecil H. Vernon, Dean Hayes (hon. secretary), Capt. P. D. Collett, Miss Compton, Alderman and Mrs F. S. Mate) Alderman F. B. Summerbee) Councillor Mrs, F. E. L aney) Councillors T. Peaty) 'vV. Jones) ]. Fox and other prominent townspeop le wer.e also present.

The Rev. G. Foster Carter, Vicar of St. John's, Boscombe, conducted a short service.

T otal 212

REGUL!\TJON PENALTIES.

Lack or precaution against ignition of petrol... ]0

Lack of precatuion against further danger from the damaged aeroplane .1 Redundant questions Ii Redundant remarks 5 mproper use or uniform

The Central Area No. 1 District summer social lakes place on Saturday, Jul y 6th when th e annua l cr icket mat ch between Central Area and St. J ohn's Gate Slaffwill aga in be played, by kind 11 0sp ita li ty of the Gas Light & Coke Company, on their sports gro und at Acton.

3' • E

Th e eight h annual ambulance compelition for the L ord J oicey Cha ll eng-e Cup in connection with the Belton group of the Lanlbton and Betton and J oicey's Co ll ieries took place in the Miners' Hall, Hetton-Ie-Hole, recently. Seven clubs from the Epplelon, E lel11ore, Hellon Lyons, and Ha zard Co llieries took part. Th e winners of the cup proved to he Eppleton, eac h member of the team winning gold medal s. Th e runners up, who were presented with si lver medals were a lso an Epplelon team

"THE &. JOURNAL OF HEATING "

18. monthly) is THE paper for all progressive trade sm Publishing Office ,,6. Cannon Street E.C .c.

After the service the Division was inspected by Lieut -Colonel F. A. Brooks (Commissioner) No. 1 District), who handed medals for long service to Supt. Bailey and Privates T. Woolcar and C. West. Lieut.-Colonel Brooks congratulated the Division on their smartness) and thanked Sergt. Brown for the work he had done in face of difficult tim.es which the Division had passed through.

SOUTI-IEND-ON-SEA . - The Southend Division who are endeavo uring to collect £ 1)800 for their new headquarters, met with a serious set back on May 26th) when, in a garage fire) the new Dodge motor ambulance belonging to the Brigade) was practically destroyed.

Arrangements have been made with the Rayleigh and South Benfleet Ambulances to relieve the pressure of work, whilst every effort is being made to replace the damag-ed ambulance at the earliest moment. The amount receive d towards their appeal is now over £500.

WATFORD.-The report for 1928 of the Watford Division, shows that the S.].A.B. work in this district is increasi ng each year.

The number of cases dealt with during the twelve months reached a tota l of 2,062, This figure compares with 1 77 1 in 1927 and 1)65 1 in 1926 It is interesting to note that a total 2)062 for the year represents nearly six cases every day. Public d uti es carried out by members numbered 980) as against 950 in 192 7 and 405 in 192 1. Tn attending these duties members gave 5,000 hours of their time. Volunteers a lso drive the motor ambu lance when the official driver is absent.

An auxi li ary service which has been considerab ly exte nded durin o' 1928 is that of supplying' and maintaining facto r y boxes at lo ca l factories. This service is a particularly us e ful one) in that factory managers can

Dr. Bottomley then gave an interesting resume of the work accomplished since the foundation of the Bournemouth Division in 1892.

Sir Percival Wilkinson then declared that the splendid building was opcn and he knew it would be dedicated to lon g- and useful service.

Proposing a vote of thanks to Sir Percival, the Mayor said h.e considered the time opportune to "throw out a hint" that the co-ordination of the police and the St. John Ambulance seryices in the town would prove of benefit to both bodies, and would undoubtedly constitute an added incentive to the promotion of hygiene in the borough. " Borunemouth people," he said, " appreciate the invaluable \;vork you are doing amongst them "

Si r Percival, accompanied by the Mayor and other officials) afterwards inspected the building, and proceeded to King's Park to inspect the members of the ambulance and Nursing Divisions.

·WESTON-SUPER-MARE. - Still anothu division is anxious to possess new headquarters so that ambulance work can go ahead 'without opposition. The WestonSuper-l\lare Division will in the near future an up-to-date station in the centre of th.e town. The SIte was offered by the Urban Council and plans have been approved by the local authority. The building will comprise two storeys, the ground floor containing garage accommodation for three ambulances) an office and a cloakroom, \:v hilst upstairs there will be a large recreation room,. a rest room and bathroom. Mr.]. S , Cox, formerly SuperIntendent, and now County Officer, together :vith Mr. S. ]. Bailey, who succeeded Mr. Cox as ha\ 'e worked hard to secure proper accommodatlOn for the Division, and we feel that the population of WestonSuper-Mare will meet th.e appeal for funds wholeh ea rt ea!y.

NO.4 District .

The annual review and inspection o£ the Cheshire Corps and Divisions took place at Wilmslow on Saturday: afternoon, ] un e 1st. There .\"I'ere. 600 members 01 the Ambulance Corps, urS1l1g UnIts, and Cadets 011 parade . Accompanied by the WilmslO\v Bartholomew oSilnr Band and the vVdmslow SUbSCrIptIOn Band, the units marched to the Rugby football ground, where inspection was carried out by the Surgeon-111-Clllcf, Colonel C. 1. Ellis, c.i\I.G., T.D., M.D., A.M.S., (T.), who \\ as accompanied by the Commissioner, Colonel C. J. Trimble, c.B., c.l\1.G., V.D , T.D parade was under the command of Assistant CommIssIOner C. H. FowlerJones; Di trict Officer yv. Ch.aI01:er, T.D. J.P., commanded the Ambulance DnTlSIOn; DIstnct \ \ '. Maxwell Reekie, O.B.E } J.P., commanded the N urS1l1 g Di\'isions and Divisional Superintendent C. W. Tapson , D.C.1\1., as adjuant. The Lady District Superintendent, Mrs Tweedale, AR.R.C., J.P., was also

The parade was well disciplined, and the cont1l1ued improyement in numbers, efficiency, and general smartness \\'as a contributing factor to the success of the parade. The inspection aroused considerable interest,. and ql11te a 'rood crowd assembled to watch the proceed1l1gs After rhe inspection Colonel Ellis and the members of the district staff present r et urned to the salut1l1g base to WItness the march past.

Durin u the afternoon practIcal demonstratIOns were oiycn on work which were followed with !?Teat interest.

At the close of the inspection Colonel Ellis presented the Long- Service Medal to Lady Superintendent Mrs. ::\r. PerU-SOil, of the New M ill s Nursing Division

The Carlisle Division att.ended a special se ryic e at the Carlisle Cathedral, which was held on Sunday, ::\lay 12th, to mark the observance of the day as Hospital Sunday. Assistant Commissioner Norman :\Iaclaren, assi ted by Supt. Lyttleton Stamper and StaffSergL Leslie was in charge of the parade . The D ean of the Cathedral gave an interesting address on " The l\Iaintcnance of Hospital vVorkers' Ideals."

\VIXD ERMERE -Dr. Gerald Holroyde has becn innstcc! as a Serving Brothcr of the Order of St. J o hn. For 15 ycars Dr. Holroyde has been surgeon to the \Vind ermere Division, and his unstin tcd labour since the formation of the Diyision is greatly appreciated by all mcmbers.

No. 5 District.

BRIGllOUsE.-The 27th annual meeting of the Brighouse Corps was h eld on Tuesday, May 14th, in the Ambulance l1all. Assistant-Commissioner H. L. Thornton, of H uddersfield, presided.

The annual report stated that during the year the number of cases treated had been 1,04-8.

The treasurer's report showed a balance in hand and al the bank of £10 19s. 9d.

The certificates, medallions, and l abels were presented lJy the Mayoress (Mrs. J. II. Turner), and the long ser\·ice medals, bars and t r oph ies by the ch a irma n.

The Mayor gave a short address dealing with the importancc of ambulance work and appealing to young students to st ick to their task and try to make themselvcs efficient so as to b.e useful members of the commun ity_

A concert follO\ved, songs and duets being given by Mme. Moulson and i\1r. Bodcn Saunders, w ith Mr. D. R. IIallam at the piano. Dancing comple tc d the cl'ening's programme.

FE.\TllEHSTONE.-ln recognition of his 25 years' vol un -

AlD. June, 19 29.

tary work in the Division, lV!r. W H. W has b ee n presented wIlh a go ld watch. 1 he preser:tatlOll was made by Dr. Slevens at a meetm g 011 Jun e 7th . In 906 Mr. Wood was a pP01l1ted Team Instructor, and stI ll acts 111 that capaCIty.

lIe was a member o£ the team whlch, for a numb er of yc:ars, won the Lancashire and Yorkshire Shield, and, later the Lady Pilkington Cup, for the whole of the London, Mid land and Scottish Railw ay, also the Yo rkshi r e Shield

He has competed ten times in finals in London, eight limes in the London Midland and Scot t ish Railway fin als, and twice in the Inter-Ra ilway finals for Great Brit ain, ga inin g second and third places r espec tiv ely.

The Annual Cadet Compet iti on for the" J. Corfi eld" Cup was held on June 1st, eleven Cadet Divi sions competing County Surgeon K. H. Beverley, M .R.C.S., L.R. c.P., judged the stretcher test, J?iv. H. Hemmingway , of \ Vorsboro', judging the doll, u11lform and sma:tness.

The stretcher test set was that of a boy bird-nesb nr< who fell from a bough of a t r e.e and .sustained a l acercllecl wound on right calf of leg a nd a simple fractured forearm.

After an interesting competition the result was as follows: 1st, Feathe r stone, 134- ; 2nd, Worsboro', 3rd, Keighley, 11 2; 4-th, Ponteirac t 103 ; 5th, Brigh ouse, Ion: 6th, Hems\vorth Co lli ery, 98; 7th , South Kirkb y, 91 ; 8th, Ponteiract, 90; 9th, Sowerby Bridge, and 10th EIland, 82·}; 11th, Grimsby, l\Iaximum points being 150.

The cup \\'as presented to the winning team by the donor who a lso gave indiyidual prizes to the first three teams, the winners receiving medals, runners-up watches, a nd the third team first-aid outfits.

1 OTTINGIIAM.-A large crowd watched with great interest on the Nottingham Victoria Embankment on Saturday, l\1ay 25th, a tirst-aid test in wh ich teams r epresenting four corps of the Nottingham Division took part.

The t.est was the semi-final of the "Spaight" Cup competition, the trophy being the gift of Major H. W. Spa ight (Corps Superintendent and Surgeon).

Maj o r Spaight set the test and acted as judge) and amongst other officers who watched the proceedings wcre Corps-Officer H. C. Radcliffe, Corps-Officer F. Carrier and Divisional-Supt. A. VV. Latimer (retired).

The test was that a man had been knocked down by a motor-car and was suffe rin g from concussion, whilst the lady driving th.e car was in a dead faint. The teams were allowed fifteen minutes in whic h to treat both cases.

The result was anno unc ed as follows: 1st Cind erhill, 61; 2nd, Band, 58; 3rd, City, 55; 4th, Clifton Colliery, 32.

PONTEFRACT.-The final round for the "Godfrey Brooke" Challenge Shield took place at the Pont efract \Velfare Centre, on Saturday, May 18th. Thir ty-fiye teams, divided into four sections, competed in t h e pr eliminary contests, those entering the final being Barnboro ugh l\lain, Glass Houghton Colliery, Pope and Pearson, and vVoolley Colliery.

A novel test was set as follows: The te ams were supposed to have been on their way to a competition, ill a private ca r driven by one of th ei r number} who) stun g by a wasp, lost control with the result that the car da shed into a telegraph pole.

All fo ur memb e r s of .each team were injur ed Jl1 various ways, and, u tilising the materials they had in the ca r , they hael to render first a id to eac h ot her, so far as their own inj uri es would permit.

Ba rnb orough l\lain won the shie ld with 78 points, fo ll owed by Glass Houghton Co lliery, 72 poin ts ; Wo olley Coll iery, 70 points; Pope and Pearson, 60 points.

June, 1929 FIR S T

Prizes for inclividual work were won by A. Whi tfi e ld De n a by; II. Di xo n, G lass Houghton; F. Hudd, Silverwood; a nd J. Chambers, Barnborough.

No. 6 District.

RIPLEY.-Sixteen teams competed in the final test for B u tte rl ey Com p a ny " Ch a ll enge Shield at the Ripley Counc il Schools, on Saturday, May 25th.

The .i udges were Maj or H. W. Spaight, team test; Dr. H. C Parker, practical; Dr. Doris Nick lin, oral. Appropriately enough-the competitors bein g mostly mine r s-the team t.est was a s up posed pit accident in w hich the patient h ad been c rush ed, and was suffering from a pelVIC fracture.

T eams entered were from the Kirkby Colli eries, Rip ley, Ollerton a nd L ang le y. Ollerton No.1 Team, who ga in ed 158 points, proved the winners, beating Kirkby No 2 Team, who gained 154po ints.

The judges com m ented ve r y favo ur ab ly up on the

A I D

Ltd.) presided, and Dr. T. H. Irvine presented the award s won by the students at the rccent examination .The competition for the Dr. Irvine Cup, held on AprIl 13th , was won by Messrs. W. Sawyer (captain), ]. Scott, ]. T. Clough and W. H. Tregonning, on hand111g over the trop h y to the captain, Mr. LIshman presented eac h 111e.mher of the team with a gold medal, the gtft of the Easmgton Coal Co., Ltd. Silver medals were a lso given for the runners-up, and these were presented to R. Wood (captam), R. Arm st ron g, E. Coulson, C. Readon and H. Wilson.

On behal [ of t h e class. i\lr. Lishman presentee! Dr. Irvine, lectur e r wit h a silver milk jug and sUO'ar basin and Mr. T. Mills, secretary and ins t ru ctor, with an oak time- pi ece, suitably inscribed.

No.8 District .

J:i'ARNINGIlAM.-An interesting ceremony took place at Farnll1gham on Sunday, June 2nd, when a new first aid post presented to the Farningham Division was formally opened

l\l embe rs of the \V atfo rd Divi s ion o n duty at a recent e\'ent.

\,o rk of the compe titors a n d the divisions we r e congratulate d on the exc.e ll e nt teams sent in.

The No.6 District S.].A.B. have undertaken t h e duty of su pp ly in g the Ambulance and Nursing service throughout the six months of t h e ort h -East Coast Exhibition at Newcas tle.

An a mbul ance hut, with two wards has been provid ed hy the exhib iti o n authorities. This is eq uipp ed by the hriga de a nd be in o staffed by three nurses and six men fro m 10 a .m. to 6j'0 p.m., a nd from 6.30 p.m. to the closing h )ur of t h e ex hibition. This numb .e r will be augmented to mee t special events. Th e gene r a l public will doub t less ly app reciate the amount of sacrifice involv ed in the maint e nance of this lon g rot a of duty by e nt ire ly voluntary ser"ice

EASI J GTON .-Th e a nnu a l dinner o£ the Easing-ton Co lliery branch of the St. John Ambulance Association was held last m on t h in the Station H ote l, Easington, it being atten ded bv o y er 150 pe rsons.

M,-, T: A Lishman (Agent to th e Eas ington Coal Co.,

The local officials present includ ed Diy. Supt. P. Kemp, Ambulance Officer A Brown, Captain E. \ V. Go ldsworthy (pre ident), 1\1rs. E . P. Dani els (divisional treasurer), Mr. W. A. Hagell (divisional secretary). There was a large attendance of the general public

In the absence of l\Irs. Gabriel the donor of the Fir t Aid Hut, l\Iajor VV. H. F. Noble, L.i\1.S.S.A, Assistant Commissioner for the County of Kent, und e rtook the open ing and r epresented the Chief Commissioner, MajorGene r al Sir Perciva l Wilkinson, who sent a message reg r etting hi s inability to attend .

The Farningham Division, under the command of Div. Supt. P. Kemp, paraded n ear the hut, and a contingent of the G r ave end Division, under llPt. A. Black, was present.

Major ob le declared the hut open, and proceeded to inspecl it, togethe r with Captain E VV. Gole.1 worthy, District Secretary H. J. 'Wrigglesworth, Distnct Offic er T. Potts, and 1\1rs. E. P. Daniels (Divisional treasurer).

After the inspection, 1\1ajor oble congratulated the Diyision upon th e way in which the hut had be en constructed. H e expressed a desire that the general public

should also inspect the building and its equipment, and that a brigade mem her should demon trate the use of certhat a brigade membcr should demonstrate the use of articles comprising the equipment.

Div. Supt. P. Kemp replying for the I?Iv.IslOn, thanked Major Noble for cominR to open h11l1dll1g. He sure that the members would conl1l1ue to carry thell duties as efficiently as in the past, and the possessIOn .of the hut wOllld be a hoon to them as well as to those reqL1lring first-aidtreatmenl. He also wished to thank the clonor of the first-aiel post.

FOLKEsToNE.-Three members of the Folkestone Division have recently been invested as Serving Brothers of the Order of St. J oh11.

They are Ambulance Officers R. Moat and L. B. Easton, and SerRt. J. Huntley. These members have long periods of sen'ice to their credit, Ambulance Officer Moat having served 20 years, L. B. Easton 19 years, and Sergt. Huntley 18 years

No. 9 District.

BARNsTAPLE.-The annual competItlOn for the " Gibbs" Cup, presented by Dr. .s. R. Gibbs, surgeon to the Barnslapk Diyision of St. John Ambulance, and open to members of the Division, took place on Saturday, June 1 t. Five teams competed.

The winners were: 1, team captall1ed by H. vVard (A. Ward, E Isaac, and H. Vincent), 227 points; P. Hunt, captain (A. Brittan, C. Jones, and J. ShaddIck), 20n; 3, W. Fisher, captain (W. Ward, F. Trott, V. Jewell),

The adjudicators were Dr. S. R. GIbbs, Dr. H. C. Jonas, and Dr. D. C. Dixey, who expressed themselves pleased with the standard of work achieved. The prizes were distributed by 1\lrs. Hall, who described the competitions a inter est in g and instructive.

In submitting his annual report on the actlvItles of the St. John Amhulance Brigade in Devon and the Eastern harder of Cornwall for the past year, the County CommissiOller (Mr. T. Pengelly) states that still fl11'ther progress has been made and new divisions have been raised at Harbourne, Totnes, South Brent, Southmolton; nursing divisions at Dartmouth and Paignton; whilst many cadet divisio ns are in the course of formation.

The central ambulance station at Plymouth, a threestorey building;, had been almost doubled in size owing to the generosity of an anonymous supporter. In the new portion, in addition to a three-car garage, engineering shop, lecture-rooms, and stores, there arc the administrative headquarters for the district nursing organisation, and a so the most useful nursing' station, at which the female personnel in the city of Plymouth take turns of duty in order to accompany women and children in the ambulancE'S. A good proportion of the 25,000 patients and crippled passeng'ers moved in the eight local vehicles are accompanied by the St. John sisters.

The motor services have been well maintained, lmt Lynton and Lynmouth had replaced tlleir old horse-dra'wn vehicle bv a motor. Devon was second on the list published hy tIle Home Ambulance Service for the amount of \1\'o rk undertaken hv its amhulances.

Two duties o{ a particularly strenuous nature had been the gTeat Westcountry Guide rally at Plymouth, and the inspection bv her Royal Highness Princess Mary. and the Navy vVeek, when many thousands of neople visited the ships in the Dockvard. The opening of a dirt track at Exeter had also added to the re sponsibility of the Order.

Thf' statistics of the strength of the brigade were now: COllnty staff officers, 6; ambulance corps and divi-

A I D. June, 1929.

sional officers (including surgeons), 121; o.ther ranks, 813; ambulance sisters, 231; cadets, 290; nurSl11g cadets, 179; I1l1rsing clivisiona.1 officers (including surgeons and train ed 11 ur es), -+9; mak1l1g a total personnel 0 ( 1,689.

No. 10 District.

BEccLES.-Onc of the biggest rallies of the No. 10 distric t yet held took place on the °Tounds of the St. John Leman Schools, Beccles, on June 9th, where .sOl1?-e 400 ambulance me11, \\ omell and cadets from all dlstncts attendee! for an inspection and drumhead service. Th e procession formed up in the Beccles Market Place and marched to the o·rounds It was h eaded by the Becc1e s Salvation Army Band, followed by the Mayors and Mayoresses of Beccles) Lowestof t, Gt. Yarmotlth, and Southwold, the 1\Iayor of Ipswich (Major Hossack), the I\Iayor of Aldcburg'h (1\Iiss Pettitt), chairman of the Urban District Council, 1\1r. Bedingfield, of BUl1gay, the Aldermen and Councillors, members of the Board 0 f Guardians, and other town officials in full civic dress, with the Beccl es Fire Brigade forming the civic guard of honour.

Next came the hand connected with the Ip swich Sl. .1 oh11 Amhl1lance, and deLachments of am hubnce fro m Becc1es, Norwich, Yarmouth, Lowestoft, SherJngham Cromer, Saxmundham, Aldeburgh, Ipswich, and sections of the British Reel Cro s from Southwolcl and IIarlestoll uncler their separate officers, nurses in uniform fr0111 Beccles, Lowestoft, Saxl11unclham, Aldeburgh, anel lpswicll. The Becc1es Diyision Cadets and the Becc1 e<; Boys' Brigade. The Beecles Boy Scouts form ed a of hononr at the entrance of the grounds, where Maj or J. F. C. Hossack, the Commissione r and Knight of Grac e, carried out the inspection. This was followed hy the march past and the drum Ilead service, conducted hy the Rev. W. Brown, of Ou1ton Broad, all address heing de liv ered by the Rev. G. R. McClenag'han, of Stockton, ancl the hymns, "Onward Christian oldiers ," the Brigad e hymn, and "Fil;'ht t1le Good Fight," were sung', ace01l1 panied by the Beccles Sah'a tion Army ha11cl. After the Benediction the proce<;sion reformed and marched hac k to the Reel Hut, where all the visitors were entertained to tea by the Reccles Division.

NORWICII. - Presentation of voucher certificates tn memhers of the Boulton and Paul Division wa s held on Fridav May 17th.

Captain J. Dawson Paul (chairman of the compan nrcsirled, supported by Mr. Stanley Howes, 1\1r. J. D North and Dr. \TV. E. Rutledge.

The cllairman special ly thanked Dr. an.r1 Lhe Division Instructor, Mr. S. E. R. Scott, for tlleJ1' untiring' efforts of o r gailisation and bringing the men t() a state of efficiency

A fter the presentation five souads of the Division representing th e works nolice staff, aircraft, and Mous ehold sections, constructional engineering shop, Jomer\' shop, and despatch bay, netting and ga lvanisin g shops, gave a series of display work.

Dr. Rutledge urg'eel the men to contl11ue then studl es. which h e was quite sure would enab e them to (1CCtlP Y the foremost position of the Divisions in Norfolk.

Teams from EIsccar Main and Stubbin Collieries met on Saturday, M<1v 26th in amhulance competition for tIle junior and se nior cu,;s. Thc awards \overe: - Junior Cup: Stubbin, 155; Elsecar, 106. Senior Cup: Elsecar No.1, 99; S tubbin, 99. In tIle individual tests the results were: j, T. N. Pu mphrey, Elsecar, 33 ; 2, H. Rodg-ers, Stubbin, 27; 3, C. Ratcliffe, Stubbin, 25 ; 4, R. Bamforth , Elsecar , 25.

June,

1929.

FIRST Priory for Wales.

PROGRAMME BROADCAST FROM C , \[WIFF STATIO1\'.

The Order of S.t. J ohn was the subject of a prog-ral11llle in honour of the Pri ory of \.Val es broadcast from the CardifT Studio on vVednesday, l ay 8th. A sketch spec ia ll y written for the occasion by 1\11'. Froo111 Tyler depicted four episodes of its hislory, and Illany expressions of appreciation sincc fl'cci " cd s h o,,\' thaL the traditions of thc Order continue to make a s tron g appcal to the public imag in at ion.

The Principal Secretary introdu ced thc programmc with with a s hort account of thc practical work of the Order as follows:

" By the kindness of t.he British Broadcasting Corporation, Ilstel1c:s are Lo hear to-night somelhing of the history and work of the gn'at Order of thc Hospital of St. John of Jerusa lem, the only religious Order of Chi\'alry in existence to-day. No doubt we can all recall how the deeds of this illustr iou s Order thrilled our youthful im clO' ination but wonder if an)' of you who St. in London, or do YOUI- s hopping in Knightsbridge, ha\'e e,"er thought that once upon a time theSe! places wcre part of the lands o\\"IH d by the Knights of Sl. John, whosc headquart e rs arc sti ll at Clerkenwell, on the same s pot as they were cen tu ries ago.

"Tradition means a lot to en?ry Britisher, and r \\'elcome this opportunity of telling you \ 'e ry briefly how the glorious tradition of the Order arc s till inspiring thousands of men ;lnd women in our Principality to sen' icc in the cause! of humanity. It is, I think, a tribute to OLlr clJunlrynlPn the \i\l e lsh Priory, with Ilis Royal Highness thl' Prince of Wales as Prior and the Right Hon. Lord K,lsant as Sub-Prior, is the Jirst and onl\, Prion' so far l:':tab lished b\' the Ordcr.

" The gelleral public may not reali se ",hat \york the Priory is doing in their l11,idst. First of all it trains ann ually about t\\"e h 'c thousand students, including, men, \\'omen, boys and girls, in First \id, HOl1le :\ursing and olhe r allied subjects, and the majority of these peopl e are, as Members of the S1. John Ambulancc Brigade , quietly , somet imes, I think, too quietly, working for you eycry cla),. You see men and wOl11en in tile well-known hlack and whi'tc uniform, which they often get aLlhcir o\\'n expense, 011 duty at all c inem;l , thcatres, shows, football matches, or where crowds congregate, and I fancy most people think they are there to enjoy the show on a free pass, whereas they kcpt busy the wholc e\'ening with ca es of accidents, hts or faints, both side of the footlights. They also help nurse sick people in their home by day or by nighL; lhl:Y are called upon in the 1\Iines and Factorie and do an enormo u s amount of \\'ork with street accidents. Some specia lly \' olunteered to supplement the 1\Iedical Scn'ice of the Navy, Army and Air Force in case of National Emergency, and take an annual coursc of training at a Service Hospital.

"The Pri ory ha s also organised the on ly public motor ambu ance transport serv ice out ide the London are<1.. I c..\pec t you hm 'e often seen those white car, which arc kept up to date, fitted with e\ ery device and appliancc to produce comfort for the patient \\'ith a dri\'cr and attcndant both lJu a liFlcd to render First aid.

" Medical Comforts Depots have bcen e labli h ed in a ll parts of Wales and from these, l1ledical eq uipm ent, invalid requisites, and comforts for a s ick rool11 can be hired at a nom inal payment in the same way as boo\.:::-; arc obtained from a lend ing library.

"You will sec from the episodes which arc to follow, so kindly and ably preparcd by :\[1'. Frool11 Tyler, how OLlr great hUlllanital-ian work, commenced in the 11th Century, ha s to meet Lhe ne eds of the c hanging times and condlttons, whilst wc are still treating thousands ot cases at the

A I D. 317

.St: Ophthalmic IIospital at Jerusalem, the land of our or ig in.

"Thc Order has lon g since ceased to concern it se lf with temporal po\.\'c r and worldly posse ss ion s; its objects are elevoted so lely to the allc"ialion of sufferin"· It docs howeT,:el', .enjoy .consi:lerab1c Royal fa\'our. IIis :\lajest; the h ll1g IS the ?o\·e r.clgn Head of the Order and is usually seen at Slate w ear ing the cight-pointed white cross; our Prin ce seldom appears wilhout it and it is by most cro wned heads in Europe. TIll! decoratrans of. the Ordcr arc much prized and it is a high honour to be admItted a mcmber.

" 1 am to-night, but \\'e ha\ c lllany branche of work to maintaIn anci it is di stress ing to us, \\'ho know th? va luc of the sen'ices gi\'en, to realise how l1luch m ore \\'e Illight do with an adell uate income, so, if \·ou h a\"e an\' mone\, to gi\'c <l.\\·ayor are \\'oncle ring- what good your money ca;l do when you will no longer need it, pl easc remember the Priory for ,"Vale s ."

1\1 Ol\'TIlL \' i\IEETlXGS.

:\Ieetings of the \mbulance and COlllmittees w e re held in the Priory Room, Law Cllurh, Ca rci iff, on l\lond rlY, lay 27th, the Right Hon. Thomas Richard s, P. c., presiding.

contracts \\'ere reported wi t h colliery compa ni es, cO.Iller)' lodges, tradespeople and pri\'ate residents of K enfig Hdl and Brynam a n, for the use of the Prion all1bulances. The of a numb e r of , "illage s are now"subscribing to the er\'lce at the rate of one penny per householder per week, which entitle him and any member of his famil\' to b e carrie!d free to the ho s pilals and in titutions at a 11\ time of the clay and night and the COl1lmittee hoped oth-or areas would adopt the sc hem e

It was agreed to makc application for the Sen'ice and Sen'ice Bar, for periods of fifteen and t,,"enty years' 'er\'ice respecti\'ely, on behalf of Corps Surgeo;1 Christopher Arm stro ng of the Neath Corps a nd .\mbulance Officer John Jenkins of the Y strad Rhonclda Di\'i ,ion Arrangements w e re mad e for the \\'e lsh R a ih\'ay Competitioll , organised by the Priory, to take place at the Law Court s, Cathays Park, Cardiff, o n Friday, J unc 14th. Tcams frol11 all parts of the Principality ha\'c entered, and there is likely to be (l large number of spectators.

The Priory made the same pro\'ision as in fanner years for First Aid treatmcnt on Sunday, June 2nd, when o\,er ten thL)ll 'a nd ch ildren took part in the procession to celebrate the festi\"al of Corpus Christi.

RlI01\'DD .\ PARADE.

The \ 'a riollS di\"isions cOl11pri ing the Rhondda Fach Corps held their annual Church Parade at Ynyshir on SundaT, 28th The Parade, \"hich was in charge of Corp Officer D. Grono\\', <1.nd headed by the Ynyshir \\ 'attstown si l\' er prize band and the Ynyshir clrum and fife band, marched to Penuel Congregational Chapel, ",here the se n ice W<1S conducted b,T the Rev. D. O\'ertol1, the Yll\' hir sih"er band playing the "accompaniment to the hymns by the large congregation.

There were also prcsont a strong contingent of exen'ice men uncleI' R. S.1\1. R. G. Roberts, 1\1. c., and \\T. \Yilli ams (Secretary and Chairman respecti\ 'c!y of the Ynyshir Branch of the British Legion). The Ynyshir Ladies' Nursing Di\'ision paraded under T urse Parr.

CWi\I.UL\N 'G OF AGE.

The coming of age of the Cwmaman Ambulance Di\ iion was celebrated at the \Velf are Institute, C\\'l11aman, on Saturday, l\lay 25th, when r. R. ]. Ace, 1\1. E., presided O\ c1' a large gathcl"ing.

Ir. Tom Hnrri , the first secretary of the organisalion, gave a survey of the hi tory of the ambulance mo\"e ment ill the di trict. 1\[1', Ben Jone M.E., \\'ho surcedcd him in that

F I R S T position, s poke of t h e achievements of its members , and Mr. James R ay test ified to th e value of the work done,.

Corp In s pec tor D Evans conveyed the greetings .of th e Pri ory an d presented s tars to nine m e mbers of th e bnga d e 1\lr. \IV. E. Veal e, on behalf of hi s wif e, prese nt ed to L!le br iga d e a c h a ll e ng e c up for competition to commemorate It s 2 1 \'ea rs a nni\·ersa ry.

. Councillor H e nry Cohen, in h a nding CO ml11eIT;or atlO.n cert ifi cates to Lhe m e mb e rs of the brigade, a lso s ig ndl ed hi S int ent ion to prese nt a se t of med a ls for the 1\11'. Veale ha s ;'11 0 prese nt ed th e Nur s ll1 g DIVI Sion a c h al le ng e s hi e ld for individual competition, and Councillor Coben a c up for team work.

TVLoR sTo wN COJllING OF AGE.

A large gat h e ring ce lebrated the coming of age of the T\,lorsto\\'n Ambulance Di\'i s ion which 'was held at the loca l gir l' s sc h oo l. l embe r s past a nd prese nt, friends and bo y and g'irl cad ets sat down to an excellent r e pas t. Dr. E: J. Jlorris, 1\1. D. (Hon. Surgeon) and. m eetll1g thL't followed gave a s hort resume of the DI VISIO n s hi sto r y Only three members were of the Divi s ion which was formed in 1907 , and offiCially sa nctIOn ed, J a nuar y 1 908. Three m embers hav e been decorated with th e Ord er of Honorary Serving Brot he r , a nd 12 have lon g sen' ice m ed a ls for 15 yea rs serv ice, whil st four of these h ave furth.el: ?ar fo r 20 years un st int ed se r vice . In 1916 a Nur s1l1g D1Yl s ion " 'as whilst the Bo y Cadets Corp formed in 19?,5 This was follo\ved in 1926 by the establIshment of a GIrl Cadets Division, a ll of which a re pro gress in g a nd a great cred it to a ll co n ce rn ed.

Alderman Dd. L e wis, ]. P , wa s called upon to propose a "ote of thanks to all who had assisted in m a kin g this occasio n a memorable one. This he did in hi s u s u a l effici e n t manner, a nd Mr. D av id Fenwick, ]. P., seco nd e d Thank s to the president were moved by Staff Offi ce r P ay ne, and a ll were accorded three h earty c he e r s Th e meeting e nd ed with the s ingin g of the W e lsh National Anthem.

Pois onin g From Coal and Ex haust Gases.

By G. C LARK TROTTER, M D., F.R.S., Edin. l\Jedical

Offi ce r of Health, I s lin gto n.

TIl E First Aider s h o uld a lways have in mind that apparent fainting or s ick ne ss with palpitati o n and a rapid pulse m ay be due to poisoning by Carbon 10noxide from und etected coa l gas, the ex h a u sts of motor cars, or oth er so u rces. Th e fl.rst co ns iu e ration of course is the r e mo va l of the perso n to a pure atmosphere, a co ntinuou s supply of fresh air, artificial res pirat ion if n ecessa ry, and the immediate summoning of medical a id.

In this paper I put before th e First Aider so m e a p eets of the ubiqui to u s presence of carbon monoxid e , a s ubj ect to \"hich the public aLle ntion has so far not been s uffi c ie ntl y dra wn if one may jud ge by the in c reasing numb e r at accidents du e to gas poisoning which are of daily occurrence. B es id es these there a re undoubtedly m a ny case of obscure illn ess, the ca u se bei ng un acco unted for I s uggest th at man y of these mi g ht after inv est iga tion be found to be poisoning b y carbo n mono xi de.

If the information in this pap e r causes mor e ca r e to be taken in the u se of d omest ic gas, an d a less ca rele ss altitude by readers and their friends (for undoubted ly familiari ty h as in r ece nt years br ed contempt), my puttin g it before th e

First Aider will n o t h ave bee n in vain

Carbon l\Ionoxide, CO, is (1 colourless, tas t eless gas.

AID . J une, 1929.

It is a pproximately as heavy as air, so that it ne ither ri ses to the ce ilil1 O' nor sinks to the floor, but pract ica ll y remain c.lilTu se d about where it is discharged.

Apart from th e dome s t ic gas supply, carbon monoxid e is o'iwm olT frOI1l. lim e ki l ns , bakers' ovens, the fumes frol1l blasting or the u se of explosiYes, the motor car ex hau st, and thc fum es in many trading processes. Of co ur se, th e vast m a j or it y of the de a th s are from dome s tic illuminatin g gas, and it is from this la t that most of the cases occ ur. Whil e it is true th e large r nU1l1ber of fata lities are suicidal, a good proportion are acc id e nL a l. It may be of interest t o enumera Le so m e in tan ces of faLal po iso ning cases before dealin g wi lh th e mor e chronic and often m issed, as far as cause is concerned, illn esses d e ri ve d from this toxic gas

Cases a r e , of co ur se, on r eco lTI in which e"e n with a si mpl e gas tap a per so n is s uppos ed to ha ve fainLed imm edia t e ly after turning it 011 before lighting, and thLl bc en poi so ned, a nd it h as be e n kn ow n Lh a while waitin g fOI w a t e r to boil in a k ett le, a tired perso n ha s fallen aslee p and bee n found de a d in a room fil led with gas, th e k e ttl e h m'ing' boiled over and ext ingui s h ed th e gas ring. Su ch insLanc es are, ho\.v eve r , of rare Occurrence. Most of the acc id ents are really du e to carelessness or want of knowled ge I n a similar ca t ego r y to these mi g ht a lso b e en um erated acc id ents due to the mi s u se of gas fittings; for in sta n ce, use of the gas brac k et as a clothes h a ng e r. Th e w e igh t may ca u se a sma ll fractul-e, th e gas esca pe s, and the per son as leep may be found un co n sc iou s or d ead in th e morning-.

First as r ega rd illumin at ing gas, so m e n o te on its m ode rn manufa ct ur e are interest ing. In r ece nt years the sc ient ifi c manufacture of gas make s for in c r eas in g- the h eatin g po w er a nd cheape ning the cost. There is n owa d ays mu ch less cr ude coal gas in th e dom est ic s uppl y Th e gas obtained fr o m coa l is r efi ne d to obta in by-produ cts as well as to purif y it. In a dditi o n, it i dilut ed arge ly with other gases. In o rd e r La in c r ease the illumin at in g po w er, wa ter gas, a gas whi c h is obtained by pa ss in g steal l1 over red hot coke, is in m a ny in sla nce s added. Thi s gas produced as statcd,goes by the n <1 111 e of " blue w a Ler gas" ; it burns \\ 'ith a bluish non-luminous Fl ame to improve this Il ame it is enric h ed with hydro- ca rb o n s from oil, th e oil being \'Clpourise d and mixed with it. After this it goes by the nam e of "carburetted water gas ." Th e toxic natur e of this ()"'as must be appa r ent " h e n one le a rn that water gas co nL a in s a,> much as 20 to 30 pe r ce nt ca rbon monoxide CarbureU ed water gas, ow in g to its special treatment with o il h as son1L' sl ight sme ll, n ot unpl easa nt, h oweve r, lik e that from coal gas; t h erefore, ",h e n a gas co nt a ining it escapes int o room s, it m ay produce toxic sy mptom s before it can be detected. In some to\\ n s where water gas i extensively u sed in the illumin ating gas, m a n y cases of poisoning- hav e bee n re corded.

A promin e nt public ana lyst, ha s ex pres ed th e opinion that the carbon monoxid e peril is due not to d e fect ve combustion but, "to th e fa ct that for cheapness the gas compa ni es are usin g water gas lar ge ly in th ei r fini s hed produ cts. Water gas is not hydro ge n, but a mixture of equal volum es of ca rb o n monoxid e a nd hydrogen. This is th e tru e, or in tech n ica l la ngu age I' blue water g-as." Some COlll pan ies ," h e staLes, "ha\'e b ee n s u s pected of e nding produ ce r- wa ter gas, made by pass ing air with so me steam over white hol coke Thi s is mu c h c heap e r, as th e nitrog e n, quit in ert, \\ ill lurn the met e r quite as well as d ece nt gas."

Th e re a re, as I h ave s tated, many other so ur ces of carbo n monoxid e quite aparL from coa l gas The se s h ould not be ove rlo o k ed. Carbon rllonoxide is di sc h a rg ed frOI11 the ex h a u s s of m oto r ca r s. Dr. El izabeth Wil so n and co ll eagues investigate d this pol lution of the st r eet atmosphere in Phil ad(' lphia. Th e inv es ti ga tion was conducted o n 1+ fo ottraffic pa tr o m e n, Lheir bl oo d he ing- tak e n a ft e r eighL h ours duh' in th e mo st crowded street. T h e blood of seve r a l was fou;1d to co nt a in appreciab le quantities of CO. 1\11 wer e not ('If cOll r-se equall) s u sce ptib le as iL is "vell known s u sce ptib ility " a ri es with th e indi v idua l. Many patro men h ad dur ing-

June, 1929. f 1 R S T

the las t few years comp la ined of the sy mptom s I ha ve me ntioned, particul a rly headache, a lso s light n a u sea an d some mu sc u lar weak n ess s uggestiv e of gas poi so nin g These sy mptom s ;>le re mark ed at the end of the day' s work, but lhese men got re li ef wher. tran s ferr ed to par t s a w ay from 1110l0 rs The Amer ican Burea u of Indu st ri a l II yg ie ne made a n irw es tigation on the a ir of public garages. in these, carbo n monoxi d e is be ing di sc har ge d b y the ca r s enLer in g and Il'<l\' ing, and und e rgo ing r e pa irs. It is well known, of lllurse, that th e per ce ntage of CO is hi g h in Lhe garages \\'hen a ca r is constanLly be in g sta rt e d or stopped Th e Burea u in ves ti gat ion rev ea led th at in 24 out of 3 1 garages where th e air \V S ilw es Ligated, CO w as found in 17 of them, show in g that the garage air w as very badly, ind ee d, dange rou s ly, contaminated. An exa min at ion was a lso made of garage workers. Out of 42, 29 s how ed the carbon 1l1onox id e d efi nit e y in their blood, severa of these presenting the sympto m s all-cady s tated. In 22 other workers examined, the average oxygen co nt e nt of the blood w as o nl y a littl e 1110re t h a n o ne -fo urth of what it s hould be normall y. Garage \\orke l-s co mpl a in of II poundin g" h eadac h e, Lhi s h ead ac h e occur rin g not at Lhe Lime, but after ex po s ur e had cease d and the \\'orkers h a d go ne into th e fresh ai r Di zz in ess, drowsincss, s m a l-t in g of the eyes a nd lac k of co -ordin at ion of the 111uscks are also indi cat iv e syrnptom s (To be continued.)

Use of Petrol for Wounds.

By G. ARBOUR STEPHENS , M.D_, B.S., B.Sc. (CU lts. Cardiologist King Edward V Jl vVclsh NatioJLul !II cllborial Association) ctc.)

W h en a s ur geo n h as to perform an operation he is most anxio u s to sec that the wound o r cut he makes is 1)(Jlh clean and dry so that it can heal up at once without any suppuration.

In order to do thi s he is very particular to have that part of the patient's body on which h e i s going to operate as clean as possible) so that no ge rm s may have the chance or getting unto the wound, and when the ope ra lion is 0\ n he is careful Lo see th at all bl eeding has stopped so that the v\'ound s hall b e as dryas po ssible.

When an acc ident occu r s there is no Lime for any preparat ion suc h as the surgeon makes) and consequently the wounds often times become ext r eme ly dirty

I-:(ow then can we clean th.ese wounds? To clean the skin is one thing) bUl to clean a wound is very different. One can scrub the skin, but wounds are too tender to be tl eate d in t his way

Ma ny people seem t o think that all that is necessary in order to cleanse a wound is to pour hot or eve n cold vvater over it but if the wound h as occurred, lor example, in the greasy' hand 01 a mechanic) no amount hot water will disso lve o r r emove the grease together vnth the (hrt a!lel germs ad h erent to it.

One must a l so remember that in every wound there exists just under the skin a certain amount _of fat" and if dirt has entered the wound it sticks to the tat willch can never be made clean by the application of hot water. Amono'st this dirt there is a lw ays a large numb er of germs of val10us so rt s w hich stick to the fat, and the on ly way Lo clea n the fat is by usin g' something' which will dissolve the surface of the fat so as to a ll ow it to run off.

Petrol as eve rybody knows , is a good so lvent of grease People usc it for r emo."ing g r ease spot.s clothes, and were p eo pl e to us e It a l so fo r r e1110V1l1g dirt from g r easy wo unds, they would save. t h emse lv es and their friends from a lar ge a moun t of trouble.

H persons arc ant for a moLor run III tl1e cC?ulltry la.r away [rom a eloctor or a chemist's s h o p, a nd If an accl-

AID 319

dent. occ ur s, the best thing o do i s to get petrol from the Lank and pOLlr it over the wounds.

Accidents on r oads or soil are ve r y liabl e to lead to lockjaw because of the tetanus germs which occur in soil or manure, but by u sing petrol at oJ/ce, even these terrible ge rm s a r e was h ed away complete ly and lockjaw is prc:n:nted f r om sett in g in.

Burns, espec ia ll y those caused by molten metal, arc wounds of a very dirty kind, because not only do burnt particles of the clothes get into the wounds, but the halfbllrnt particles of ftesh on the side of t he wound act a<; t()xins or p ois ons.

Petrol app li ed at Ollce, eithe r by means of a spray or hy b e in g poured over Lhe wound, washes the grease and half-burnt grease and sk in away, giving us a clean wound, and when the petrol h as evaporated the wound also hecomes dry In large factories o r works where petrol has been systematically employed, it has been found that compared with all other disinfectants petrol sayes r ed res sings to the extent of twenty-five per cent. Where there is a lar ge amount of material used for dressing and redressing wounds, a sav in g of 25 per cent. is very considerab le, and of va lu e both Lo the emp lo yer, as "\vell as [0 the emp loyee who returns to wo rk in a shorter time. In cases of compo und or of comminuted fracture I consider it a very wise thing once the li mb has been fixed 011 a splint to pour petrol over the wound so as not to a li a\\' the Rcrms any opport unit y of seu lin g down and poisoning t h e patient.

T he City of London Polic e Reserve.

At the rec.ent annual exa1I1ination in " First Aid ., helel at the Headquar te rs of the City Police Res erye, in 1\Iay lasL, seyenty-five candidates presented themseh'es) and only six failed to pass the test. The fact that sixty-nine were s ucces sf ul, and many of these were up for their first certificate, is in itself sufficient proof of the \'Cry :l11cl proficient instruction the men must haye T' The l ect urer, as in former years, was Colonel Sir \\1 t1!Jam 'mith, l\I.D., J.P.) CC. T.D , whose appointment as .HOll. l\Iedical Officer to the Police Reserye carnes With It the personal interest of all the m.embers of the on this import a nt subject. The practlcal part of the tra111ing was giYen, also as .in years by T. Rose .of the City Police, and hiS aSSistants, and It IS to these 111structors that the members of the Reserve owe so much of their success. In view of the great number of successes and at the request of many of the of the Res erve it was decided to approach the ChIef \=omI11ISsioner of the City Police through the S.taft Officer of the Reserye to obtain the r equired to continue this trainino- in First Aid. Li eut.-Col. Sir Hugh Turnbull, w h ose pbersonal interest all mat.ters connected with the Reserve is so well known 111 the of London. k indl y gaye his sanction .and approyal, \\'lth the help and sympathetic assistance of the Ch:ei Officer Capt. A. J. Roberts, these Aid Cont111uatlOn ('lasses arc alrcady in the be mg-. WIth a prop e rly con tltuted Committec detai s have been arranged and the. cia .es \\'111 be held on the first and t hird vV ednesday eyel1111gs 111 each month at the headquarters. It is hoped that. at a .later towarcls the end of t h e year, the Re erve wJ1I, ':'Ith ?ffic.lal sancLion, have severa l good work and 111 tom tor open a n cl In te r -d.iv: isiona l

To any mqlunes regard111g the enrolment !n t0 c City of Lonclon Police Re e n 'e) a personal ca)l IS 1I1\·ltecl. where e \Te ry fac ilit y will be g iv en to all sUltahle re.cflllts. All commllnications regarding matters connected \\'Ith the F ir st Aid C lasses s h o uld he addressed pe rsonally to Scr:gt. C. G. Emery. Hon. Secretary. the of the City poltce R eserve, 119, Bllnhtll Row E.C2.

S.J .A. B. Overseas.

SOUTH AFRIC \.'\ R.\ILW.\Y Ar.mUUI'\CE COl\1PETITION.

The annual competition for the South African Rail,,'ay Ambulance trophies-the T. R. Price shield, Sir vVilliam Hoy trophy', the Duncan Cup and Thompson Cup was held 011 Saturday, April 13th, at Port Elizabeth. O\\'lJ1g to lack of space, the competition \\'as held at two places, the men being detailed off to the St. George's JJall, Rink Street, while the laclie had the lise of the dining-room Clnl1eXe at the Park Hotel, Park Drive.

1n the men's section the teams repre en ted in the competition \\ ' ere the :;\1ah-crn Diyision, representing Durban, East London representing O.F.S., Johannesburg representing Transyaal and Capetown Ccntral rcpresent-

aid has to be rendered and the inj ured man p l aced on a stretcher."

The time allowed was 20 min u tes After a very interestin o and keenly competed competition the result \\ -as announced as fol lows:-

. " Duncan" Cup (Individual, 111en): 1st, CorpI. ]. M. Coetzee, Capetown; 2nd, CarpI. A. II, Roslin, East London.

.··.Price" Shield (Stretcher, men): 1st, East London DlvlSIOn Team; 2nd, l\Ialvern Division Team.

" Thompson" Cup (Individual, wOl11en) : 1st, l\Iis s

E. H. Morgan, Capt. Peninsula Team ,

,Sir vVilliam IIoy TropllY (Stretcher, w0111en): 1st PCl1l11su la Nursl11g Team; 2nd, J ohanneshur,e; Nursing: Team. '

In the eyening; an enjoyable social and dance was helel in St. George's Hall when the prizes were distributed

Jun e , 19 29. FIRST showed a very: small difference of points.

T h e wll1n. l11 g East L ondon team wit h t h eir 306 points of a pOSSIble 400, we r e closely followed u p by Nata l With 300 pomts. J o h annesburg received 29n points and Capetown 29 1 P01l1ts.

T h e marks in the ladies' competition for the Sir Wdllam H oy trop h y were even c loser. The Capetown team were followed by Johannesburg with 320 points to the former's 32 1, East London with 3 14, and lastly Durban WIth 300 P01l1ts.

In addition Long Se r vice Medals were presented to various members, after w ll i ch visito r s and competitors joined n a de l ig h tfu l dance.

Ambulance Work Abroad.

TIlE Sa lvation A r my n ew So u th vVa lE's take a great in terest n first aid work and at their an n ua l camp bst year a case: which needed immed iate was successfu ll y to. Th e case was as fo ll ows: One of the lads in c li mbing a tree lost his ba lance and fe ll to t h e gTound, strik i ng h is head on an old t r ee stump, causing an open \-vound to th e right temp le, a lso he recei\'ed a simp le fracture of right leg. Just before the lad became unconscious, he informed the "11rstaiders" that a snake had bitten the thumb on the rig h t h and. The case ",as treated \'e ry quick y and effic iency, and as on ly improv ised materia l was u ed, the team arc to be congrat ul ated on the i r smart work

The accompany i ns photog-raph shows the workers and paticnt, also i\lr. O. C. Pl)ttcn, Di,·. Secretary of the G lebe Di"ision, S ]. A, B, Lh-erseas, who has instructed malw classes composed of members of the Sal\ ation Army.

Medical Comforts Depots.

Spcc iall y COil t rib Iltcd.

Charitable work, in which the cause is dependent upon s upport from the subscribing public, calls for the most rlg1d economy. vVith the idea of as isting: those who C011l: 1l1pl.ate starting' a l\Iedical Comforts and in the best 111terests of economy the followin'" notes h8ye been compiled '"

The facts whic11 a r e quoted are based upon experience gained fro111 one 0 [ the most SL1ccess [ul depot in the provinces over a period of nearly four years.

A I D. 321

gest,. if of the right type, the fewer those responsible for lssues of apparatus the better the depot will be mane gee!. "The old proverb .r Too many cooks spoil the ])hrothf can app ly to Comforts Depots and issues of stock t ere r0111

[t i!. a very good to make a Lady Superintendentsolely responsIble for all apparatus issued from t. e depot. By all means let her choose a number of asto act for her at times when she is unable to atftend lJl persc.m! .but her absence should not relieve her o the respons1b111ty for any issue made.

" The local health auth.ori.ties will like to keep in touch v\ 1th the work of the depot 111. case an epidemic at any time and, as a means of cautlOn, It IS advisable to hand over certam artIcles to them, when returned from the

Group of Officers and Compctitors at the South i\frican Railway Ambu lance Compet ition, held at Port Elizabeth.

ing the Cape. The \\'omen's teams bein o - East London, the Durban and Johannesburg.b

!l:e J ud,ge was Col. Skinner, D.S O , acting SUl geon, S.A.R. & H ., Capetown, assisted by s S. Brawn, Joubert, Froellck, Perrott and Z1l10ber.

The stretcher test, which \vas the same for both the \\ omen and men, was an interesting," one. The cirstances of the test were as fO.llows: "A man was supposed to ha\'e J fr0111 the wtndow of a hOllse in a back street and 1S lYl11g' on the pa\'ement. It is founel that he has a .compound fracture of both bones of the left le<r 1l1ches abo\'e the .ankle. On further It IS found that he has d1slocated his left hip joint. First

by 1\1r. yv. G. ]. II ill, System 1\1anager of the Port Eliz abeth RatJways and Harbours .

Introducing Mr. Hill, Colonel Skinner said that in the past the St. John Ambulance movement had hael or support from railway authorities, and it \\ as only 111 qUlte recent tllnes that they had receiv ed allY encouragement at alL

Mr. Hill replied with that the Department and Adml11lst:atlOn were 111 full sympathy with the movement and anxIOus to give it a ll the encourag;ement and support that they could.

The winning' teams were then presented with their prizes.

The competitions had he en very c lose l y contested and

Although the scheme of providing- sick room apparatus to those in poor circumstances has he en in yogue in many centres of the St. John Ambulance Association for many years, it is only during the last four or fiye years that definite strides haye been made in this branch of the Order's activities. The cr.edit for this is cl u e, in no small measure, to the activ interest taken by the p;'e ent acting' Chief Comm issioner of the St. John A11l1)Ulance B r igade (l\Iajo r -Gencra Sir P Wi lkinson, K.C.M.G., C.B.) vVith the incentive beh nc.! the assistance forthcoming from his generous grants, made from the one thousand pounds offered by a "We ll -wisl1er," it is by 110 means difficult to the stipu lated nucleus either by way of a few pounds 111 ca h or by g'i [ts of a certain number of articles. A few \villing; assistants, an enthusiastic secretary, and success io the sc h eme is a s u red to any centre open to give it a trial. I say a few w ill ing assistants-for my part T sug-

A,ustralian Salvation A.rmy Team.

patients, to ensure complete disinfection. \Yith this posslblltty 111 \ leW, an ambulance officer possessing' tact, C011SCIentlOusness and cleanliness as his attributes should be 1:1ac1e solely responsible, to see that eyery article is percclly c lean after Its return to the depot and before bein') rc-issued b

Perhaps there is no branch of the \York clone in the alleyiation of human uffering. \yhich offer such a field of service, a that undertaken by one of th e se

Although, primarily, its object i to assist those 11: distress and, therefore, no charge should he made wh e re CIrcumstances do not allow, yet, on the other hand. the "man in the street" is rather apt to 11l1cleryallle some, tIling for which he is not asked to pay a trifle-be it (,YCt" so smalL

A depot is excellent from the point of publicity, and howe\'cr much we eli like the idea of ad\'ertising' ourselYes, it is essential from a bu ine s standpoint \\'he\l money i!" scarce. Again, tIle obj ect itself, is a regular source oi: income, for sick room requisites are always in demand and many borrowers prefer to show appreciation, by lea\,ing behind ome mall donation as a " thank-offering."

(To be contiJlllcd.)

---_ ._ -

T he a n n u a l inspection of tIle 96th (British International P ictures) D i vision, S. ] .A. B., took p lace on vVednesday l\ l ay 29t h The inspecting officers \yere Assi tant Commissioner \ Varren and District Officer Claridge, both of \\'h om comp limented t h e Diyision on its smartness and efficiency.

Our Nurs es Pages.

COMPILED BY A MBUL A NCE SISTER.

No. 1. DI STR IcT.-Th e annual in s pect ion to o k place on Saturday, Jun e 8th, in Hyd e Park. Pril; ce George arr i\'ed for that purpo se at 4.30 p.m., beIl1g re ce Ived by the Lady Supt.-in-Chief, Lady P e rrott, R. R. c., among others.

Besides a large numb e r of men and cadets, there were two battalions of nurses on parade under thc command of Lady District Officer Rob.inia, Ivuntgarrett, O. B E. Unfortunately, OWll1g to II1dl SposltlOn caused by an accident, Lady District Supt. Miss Rideout to to take her usual place in charge of the lu rslllg DI\ lslons. The rain \ 'ery kindly kept off, and the event \vas a great success.

CENTRAL AREA. - Nursing Divisions co mp e e d for the first time on M ay 25th for the A. M. vValker Cup, which their Lady District Officer Miss Walker had kindly presented to them. The test \vas in drill, five divisions taking part.

o. 39 (Temple) Nursing Division carried off the prize.

Nos. 28 (Post Office) and 66 (Toynbee Hall) tying for second place.

Commissioner CoL F. A Brooks, M. D., presented the c up to the winners, and said it gave him great pleasure to s e e h ow well t lw nurses could drill. He thought it was a pity they had no cup to be co mpeted for in the same vvay the men did for the Ethciency Cup. He hoped th;lt thI S would soo n be remedied, and h e trusted that one of til(' tests would be in st r etche r drill, which he thought a sq u a d could m a nage quite satisfactori y

CoL Brooks vcry warmly congratulated bee Hall) Division on gaining seco nd place. was but a baby of a few week old, and here up a good show aga inst the veterans.

10 66 (ToynThis Di\'ision it wa s putting

The annua l Church P a rade will be h e ld at St. Clement Danes Church, Strand, on Jun e 23rd. As the se n ice this year is of especia l lIlterest to m e mber s of Central Area, it is hoped that there will be a record attendance. Members will fall in at Lincoln' s Inn Fields at 10.15 a. m.

ROTlIERI-IAM.-In order to stimulate further interest in the work of t h e S.lA.B. in the di st rict, a g-arden party will be held in the grounds of Brooklands, Doncaster-road, Rotherham (the residence of Mrs. J. E. Knight, J P ), on Saturday, J LIly 13th. Birkbeck, Dame of Grace of the Ord er, and Lad y Di strict Supt. of the N.E. Di st rict, has kindly co nsent e d to declare the proceedings open.

H,\i\lPSIIIRE.-The annual competition for l urs ing Divisions of the S.lA. B. in th e County took place at Southampton on l\lay 25th. Unfortunately, only three teams entered, the marks awarded being; South bourne, 270; Calmore, 2+ 4. Lymington was placed third.

The winners were pre se nted with the T"viss Bow l by the Mayoress of Southampton, Mrs. M . H. Pugh Members of both fir t and second teams. a lso received prizes at her hands.

County Commissioner Col. Norman White, V. D., in <l.nnoullcing the result, sa id that South bourne had not only g'a in e d the highest aggregate of marks but also the highe in eac h part of the test. He was very pleased with the fine display that had been gi\ en, and also very gratified that the P er rott Shield had this year come to the County.

V.A. D. CAlI IP AT OSBORNE, 1. OF W - For th l-ee week s betw ee n +00 <l.tld 500 officers and memb e rs of th e V A. D. <l.ttached to the B. R. C. S. have enjoyed a COurse of instruction at the one-time Nava l College at Osborne. This is th e third time the camp has been he ld here, and it has pro\ eu a ureat s ucees s From 7 a. m. to 9.30 p.l11. the hours ha\ 'e be e n fully occupied with lectures, dri ll , demonstration s, field exercises and prac tical tests. Besides such subjects as First Aid and Home Nursing, lectures 'were given in prevention of illfectious diseases, mental diseases, orthopcedics and infant welfare

Some of the members preferred to camp out in the grounds, while others slept in the dormitories which wel- e divided into cubicles by canvas curtains

The kitchens were staffed by V.A. D. 's, and other m embers took turns at serving the meals. The large mail was also dealt with by a large number of V.A, D. 's, and altogether it was a self-contained little community that combined duty with pleasure under the care of the able Camp Commandant, l\liss Ir e ne Waistell, Assistant County Director of vVomen's Detachments on the island.

On l\lay 23rd, H. R. H. Princess Mary, Viscountess L<l. sce ll es, Commandant in Chief, visited the ca mp, arri \'in g at 1. 20 p. m. arcomp<l.nied by Major General Seely and Lady Seely (Deputy Pres ident of the Isle of Wight B. R. e. S.). Sh e w as m et hy l\lajor General Sir F G Gui 8e- Mo ores, K.e. B., c.l\f. G. (CountyController and Director), the V.A. D. colours and the Union Jack being dipped as th e band of th e 43rd Oxford and Bucks. Light Infantry played the N ational Anthem.

After in specting the guard of honour, Her Roy a l Hi ghn ess lunch e d at Osborne House with leading officials of th e B.R.e.S. She then in spected the members who were dr awn up on the lawn, just prior to which, a woman pilot dropp ed from h e r aeroplane a piece of lin e n mounted with the R eel Cross badge, attached to which was a mes sage for th e Commandant in Chief.

Prin cess l\lary then proceeded to the por c h of the hou e, an d took the salute as the detachment s mar c hed pa s t. Lat e r, s he watched patients h e ing treated at a casualty dearing station, a Geld day having been arranged for this purpo se. Tea with the members in their canteen came n ext, after \\ hich the ]ocal vice presidents were inspected.

H e r Royal Highness then left by motor for Ryde, and so ended a red letter day in the hi s tory of the V.A. D. Camp.

SUSSEX V.A. D. -F rant Memoria l Hall was the scene of th e annual insp ect ion of the Rye, East Sussex Division of the V A. D. on May 11 tho Seven detachments were inspect ed hy G e n e ral Gore - Anlcy, the County D i rector, fi\'c of them afterwards taking part in the competitions. Tes t s wer e in First Aid, Home Nursing, and Drill.

The results were as fo ll ows ;-

Seniors - Wadhul-st (Sussex 134), 385 marks; Coockn (Sussex 38), 340 marks; Bexh ill (Sussex 24), 318 marks. Juniors. - Heathfie ld (Sussex 204), 174 mark s Frant (Sussex 8), 162 marks.

Lady Courthope kindly presented the Lady Henry Nevill e (Seniol-S) Cup, and the Countess Brassey (Juniors) Cup to the winners, and congratu lated the respect i ve Commandants on their successes

SALISBURy-JONES CUP. - The prel im i nary compet i tion s for this Cup- open to a ll members of V.A.D . i n the London

CON T EN TS OF THIS NUMB E R.

Enl rOR IALAmbulances <l.nd Street Accidents

Burn Dressings

Sl. John [\mbulan cc Brigade Finals

DISTRICT R EPORTS

No, 1 (Prince of Wales) ; No.2 No.4; No.5

Nu.6 ; No. 8

1\0. 9 ; No 10

Pri ory for 'vValcs

poi son ing from Coal and Exhaust Gases

e sc of Petrol for Wounds

Th e CiLy of L o ndon Police R eserves

S.l i\. B.

r\ l1lbu lance Work Abroad

Comforts Depots

OLlr Nurses Pages

Pi cric ,\cid the 8est for 8urns

R,\lLWAY AMBOLANCEInter-Rai lw ay Competition

G reat Western

London, l\lidland <l.nd Scottish

Lo ndon and North-Eastern

So uthern

In spect ion of Notts \r ea, S.J \. B.

[l ol1le Sen ice \mhul ance

L ETTERS TO TilE EOITORSheet Li brary

Brigade en iforlll

Red Branch e\\'s

Homel ursing

(jljERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

Textbook of R eference

Exam.i nation Howler

\pplication of Spica B<l.ndagcs

Injury to Thorax

Fr<l.ctures of Scapula and Clavicle

Fractures of Cim iete, Scapula an d Humeru s

Fracture of First Rib

Schafers' Artificial Re s pirati o n

Fracture of both Thighbones

Fractured Base of Skull

Treatment of Capillary Bleeding

Liabilities of Hrigade l\lember ship

R E\'IEWS-

Questions and Answers in Fir st Aid

London Ambulances

arC;1 were held 0 11 25th and June 5th. h ere wer e a lar gL' numher of ent rants. Tests were given in oral and pra ct ical First Aid and Home Nursing.

I t is a pity that, as this competition is open to V.A. D. 's other than those attached Lo the B. R. C. ., the tests s hould all be set 0 11 the tC<l.ching laid down in the manuals of the SOciety on ly , and that the judges and competition staff should all <l.J1pC;lt' to hl connected with the B. Many of till' S.].A. B. memh e rs comp ling felt the futtilty of carry-

ing on und e r suc h a handicap, some of the qu es tions a s ked n ot coming within the scope of their knowledge. There is b o und to be some difTeren ces in tbe manuals of the l\\ o bo di es, but it must be easy t o lind enough matter in COllllllon on which t o base the tests. 'V,' hat a cheer in g effect thc famili<l.r black and whit e uniform and a fricndly face \Vou Id ha\ 'e had! P e rh a ps these defects can be rcmcd icd bdor e a noth e r year, and the St. J ohn V \. D.'<; competing- \\ ill not feel, as some of thcm did this year, that it i" a wasl e of lime entering for the competition ;l s tat e of mind whi c h i,., nl) t lik e ly to a llo\\' them to make the utmost of their kill \\ ledge.

IlEIns. V.A. D. - Eight detachments competed at St. Albans on Saturday, 25th, for the ,\cl and Cup pr ese nt e d by Miss K. ,\ cland, late County Director. Te<;h w ere g-iven in oral and practical First Aid and Home f\ ursing ; a nd marks \\'e re a so a ll otted for uniforms and smartness.

Hoddes don \\'e re judged the winners with lllr1.rks; SL Albans being' placed secon d with 80 marks, thus gaining the Prior Shield for the runner ' -up.

Announcing the r esu lts, Capt. Balance, th e County Director, said that the standa rd of efficiency wa s ext raordinarily hi g h, so much so that r1.fter th e first t ea m had gone through, the jLH.llS·es found it necessary to re\' ise the standa rd of marking on which they had originally agreed.

Th e Cup was presented by Dame l aud Be\'an, the Pr es id ent who said that she ,vas 'e ry anxious to extend the membersl;ip of the County, and believed this could be if eve ry present member w orked hard to get other" to Th ere was plenty of \\'ork to be clone apar.t from prepanng for a national emergency. It all probability H. R. H. Prin cess l\lary Viscounte ss L<l.scelles, \\'ould in spect a s up er I-a lh' of V.A. of H ert. and neighbouring counties at Hatfield next year.

ORTlI LINDSEY B.R.C.S. - The allnual ills pecticn and competit ions in connection \"ith thi s branch took place on Jun e 3rd at \\ -ell Vale, kindly lent for the occasion b," l\lajor and 1\1rs. \\T. H. Raw!1sley, Sixtee'n detachments took part in the competitions, t\\·o from Louth, and one each from Alford, Barlon with Chapel St. Leonard s, Cleethorpes, Donni.ngton, Grim by, Grimoldby, Horn castle, :\Iabclthorpe, Sptl s hy , Skegness, vVith ern, vVoodh a li Spa and \Vragby.

The inspection \...-as carried out by Col. In ln e, D e puty Director of l\l ed ica l Sen ices, orthern Command, and. by n ame Beryl Oli\ er, D. B. E., R. R. c., the latter anl;OUI1Clng that she hoped that in either 1931 or the ):ear Princess 1\1ary, Viscountes Lascelles, would \'ISlt \\ est " ale a nd in spect the member.

The Efficiency Shield was agall1 \Yon by Spilsby D etac hment, \\'ho took first place in :ix the Clcethorpes came seco nd in order of mertt With four Ilrst places.

L\BL ETllORPE BR.\l\'Cll, B. R .C.S.-Prescntations of ce rti ficates and en'ice badges w ere made by l\] r. Ra\\-nsley at the Church Hall on Thursday, l\Iay 9th.

Mrs. R a wnsl ey s<l.id that it ga\'P her great ple as ure to .b p again presenting awards to the mcmbers. qUite a.' n e w branch, they h;ld done r emarkably \yell tl1 co mpe t itions t his rear, in th<l.t for the Hon.1c Cup be 111 g, placed first of the new branches, and only beIng beaten b) the older ones.

Capt. l\Ierchant, O. B. E, the Secretary of N. LlI1cs., said that one member had gained 100 per cent. .of the ma.:ks, a thin o which had nC\ 'e r h ;lppened hefore dunllg the eIght b years h had held the PO Sition

ING ,\rESTONE V.A. D.'s Loss. - On l\lay 28th there passed

to rest the Commandant of Ingate tonc V.A.D., !\Irs. E. F. Sidg-wick

This lady took a deep interest in R ed ross \\'ork, during the war did \'a lu ab lc work at the temporary hospital at H'uskards, Bcsides this, Mrs. Sidg-wick wa keenly intere 'ted in the Di:-.trict Nursing As oc iation of which she was H on, Secretarr and Treasurer. It is through her generosity thal a bu'ilding i nm, in cour, e of erection to pro\'ide living accolllmodation for the District Nul' e, and also a surgery.

The competitions are O\'er for another year. vYhat havc we learned from them? Thc)' are useless if t h ey merely afford a mean of trophy-hunting , or a chance to appear in the limelight. (Such a spirit \\'ould be quit contrary to which urges us to sen'e others and not ourselves). At this time it is good to go quietly O\'er tht' \york and te ts of thc past season and to make a note of all \\'e have learned and where we ba"c failed, vVhethcr \\'e ha\ 'e heen lucky enough to carry off some cO\'cted trophy or not, to a good many of us the uppermost feeling to-day is, ho\\ little we really know! How hard we ha\ 'e had to work to come near the desired standard! How many hours we have had to s pend at our books, and at practical test to gain the place in the competition 'v,'e have reached! Does this not teach us how little we mu t haye known before we started? A,nd yet it will be the same next year; \\ 'e shall find we ha\ 'e forg'otten so much during the inten'al, w11ich goes to prove that every member of the Brigade, ,, ' hcthel aspiring to competition work or not, must always be s triving to keep his or her knowledge up-to-date, by constant study and practice,

Apart from all that is gained in preparing- for the different competitions, there is a great deal to be learned 011 the day of the test itself. It is often po s ibl e to see other competitor go through the same te t. Ian)' hints can be gained from watching others,

And what about our failures? Did \\'e stumble on a hitherto unknown weak point? Did we fail because we were too sure that we knew all that was required of us? Did we lack that team spirit which is so necessary all throug-h our work? Lct u s hone s tly cndea\'our to discovcr why we failed, that next year we may do better.

It \\ ill soon be time to start again, and leaders will be choosing the members of their resperti\'e team. Not everyone is fitted for competition work. It is a good plan for competitions to be arranged among- members of the Di\ ision. In this way the best workers and leaders are soon discovered, and the possihle team sent in to represent the Di\ ision, Sentiment cannot be allo\,'ed to enter into the question of choosing the team, Each mu t be the one best suited for the particular position she is to fill. Nor will this be difficult if cycryone in the Division has the wclfare of the whole at hcart.

v\'hen we have finished our self -examination and learned the lessons the past season has taught us, let us have a short rcst, and return with new vigour, dctermined that our team shall be next year's winner of the" Perrott J) Shield

I tems (Divisional news and competitions, social, interesling duties, lectures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance s;ster, c/o The Edi to r, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon Sr., London, E.C.4.

A roadside first aid box is to be erected at Dormansland (Surrey) era s-roads, where there have been fatal accidents, :t e

An appeal for St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Ro chester, the oldest hospital in the world, has been issued by Councillor F, C. A. Matthews, the 1ayor of Roche tel' The hospital, for which £4,500 is required, was founded in 1078 by Bishop Gundulp, who built the Tower of London,

Picric Acid the Best for Burns. *

By CHIEF SURGEON GILBERT BURNET) M.e. (of the Nutional Fire Brigades Association).

By the medium of the daily Press the general pub lIc has been told of a new treatment for burn) namely, hy the application of tannic acid. In these circumstances , I consider it my duty to place before my colleagues, of the British Fir.e Service \\ hat th e tannic acid treatment mean s and how it compares with the Fire Service practic e of usin o picric acid,

Tannic acid, or tannin, is a product of a widely disc:minated group of the vegetable kingdom) and derives its name from its power to COlwert hide into lcather in the process of tanning,

Ordinary tannic aciel occurs in great abundance in the gall nuts of the oak, but it i aloin tea, the coffee bean, the sumach, the \\ attic, and numerous other tree s.

\\,h e n extracted., it is in the form of a clear po\\'def) mass, very soluble in water and slightly so in pint. It 1S not poisonous and i frequently used 111 throat lozeng es, a. an astringent a nd mild antiseptic) or as a dres in g- for ulcers, or as a styptic to arrest bleeding. It can be sniff ed up the nostrils to stop a scyere nose blecding.

CO,\GUL\TION,

How then can it be used in the treatment of burn s, a nd why?

Its chief use for tanning depends on its property tJ coagulate albumen) amI it is this property which its usc desirable in treatment of burns.

By spraying a solution of tannic acid ovcr an ar ea which is burnt) th e clear watery serum, so familiar to tile blister of a burn) coagulated into a hard covering whi ch keeps air from the burnt tissue, and., mor e important stIlI. pre\'e nts the entry of germs and th e ab orptioll of SepSI'i, This is the principle of its action.

The details of it application will h e lp to deterJl1l 11C \\ h at u e it is to the Fire Service, In the treatment) say, of an extensive burn or scald of the l eg) th e dead skll1 is first cut away and the area thoroughly clean cd \n th spirit soap or saline (an allccsthetic being used if n ccesary), A 1 per cent. solution of tannic acid is th e n sprayed on and allowed to dry.

Further layers of solution are sprayed on until the whole part is encased in a solid crust of coagulated serum, This is left until it breaks away, le a ving healthy ne\;j,' tissue lJL neath it.

It is an ideal treatment and its results are invari ably good, when used in t he above manner. After the first application pain is negligible, and it has the great adv antage tha further dr ess ings are unnecessary, Now with regard to its use to the Service, This must be considered in comparison with the picric acid solution so generally used.

Thc grcat od'(.'ontage of picric acid solutio?1 is its pain killing property combined witli its anti-sep lic no t lire, 11 eithe r of 'Wlz ieh i11 on}'thing like t11 c same degree il1 tannic acid, with picric acid we have a freely-f1ow ingsolution which will convey its properties even through a light garment such as a stocking, whereby time is sa\' ecl in securing relief from pain.

Tt is true that picric acid is more poisonous than tannic acid-but it relieves pain quickly, is antiseptic and does not interfere with any subsequent mode of tr eat111 ent.

Consequently, in summing up, T must conclude that the tannic acid treatment of hUrlls, almost ideal as it be in home or hospital spheres, cannot replace picric aClel solution as a real first-aid treatment.

* Reprinted from Fire, the OfficLd Organ of the British Fire Ser vices,

Razlway A l/pzbu!ance ' News.

At the lllt er-Railw ay Ambulance Competition Final, Dent, Lady Supl. in Chief of the S,j.A,B, Overseas (\\'ho has just returI:ed from an ambulance c rusade through India and South AfrIca on behalf of the Ordcr), asked Dr. Corbet Fletcher to announce that she brought back m essages of Goodwi ll and Fcllowship from RailwaYl11en of those cou ntries to the R ai lw ny Ambulancc Mcn and vVomen of England and V\Tales.

Inte r= Rail way Ambulance Competition Final.

HELD on i\lay 31 t, at the Northampton Polytechnic Institute, Lnndon, E.C.1, thc Inter-Railway Final att racted a large number of visitors, \\'ho, from 9,30 a,m, to about -L 15 p, m" \, e re kep t interested by the work done by competitors.

Congratulations and thanks are due to the authorities for prm'iding better accommodation for the "Inter-Final.))

,\t last we were able to witne ss both the tcam and indi\ idual \\or k, and this year th e latter was indeed \\'ell \\'ort hy of the facili ties pro\ ided for \\'atching it. The appreciation of the spectato rs for the throwing open of the whole of the competition ,,'ns frequently \'o iced, and more than one was heard to say that "wc were gelling back to thc good old Portman day,"

Some from tlw countl'\' had difficulty in finding th e place of competition, but we're re\\'ar?ed ",hen the>' it and pleased and graleful to notice seyeral dl tinct Illlimpro\ ements in the competition arrangement ' The llwg break nt midday was not popular, for non-Londoners fnun d it a little dilllcult to r'<lSS the time or c\ cn get refreshlllent in the localit)" wilh ti ;e result that lllany who left at lllid da\ did not return,

The competitors certainly seemed happier in their tests tlli time th a n for many a year, and it ooks as if we are rca ll y getti ng back to good plai II straigh te _ ts "'i thout traps. [t is high time and a healthy Ign ftJr .thc mcnt that e\'en in the' 'blue riband,)) contest th e re IS at last a efrectiYefir t aid promptlycarriedout, wit hout making the te ts either g-ues ing competitions or feats in \ isualisinr a lot of complicated circumstances which do not exist.

The general opinion among the spectntors was thilt the tests were good, but-and here is thc same aIel but - they wou ld like to hay known a littl e more about them. It was on this subject that we heard a good deal of what one of the ra ilways had done in th ir Final cOlllpetitions to make ,the contes ts more interesting to the spectators, and certainly somet hing more is needed. It doe not <\ppear to be aplxel iated that the men who come to sec thiS contest come to Il'ar ll somcthing from those \\'ho hm 'c b ee n termed "the Iinest exponent of first aid,)), th: spectators are t?ld a little more about the tests, It IS ImpOSSible to learn, \\ hy not take the spectators a littl e more into conlldl'I1Ce ?-nd tell him all that is to bc told about the lcsts, and thus Increase the educat ion a l \'a luc of this prl'lIl/cr competition? A one old campa igner rcmarked the hall, "I had it good time and met a ot of o lel fne,lds, but 1 haven tlearnt an) thing from the tcsts , ". , If there is another critiCism (and cntlclsms are offered III a helpful and con tructi\'e \yay) the spectators '.,'erc kept too far from the competitors. This was morc noticeable In the indiv idual tcsts which this year particularly good, There cou ld have been fcw onlookers in that \'as t gymna ium

who did not itch to 1l10\ e insid c thc barrier and hear what was going on in thc cxcelle'll 0:0, -I- and 5 test. Authorities, plea e note that keen ambulance l11pn like to hear the competitors' qucstions to t h e judges and their replies f rom which \ye ca n le a rn mu c h, A suggestion \\'as madc some time ag'o in FIRST "\m for adopting the" circ us ring" arena and this appear to ha\' e a good d ea to commend it.

v\'hilst we were glad to see some attempt at staging the team test ,, c wondered \\'hy the indi\'i du al \\' ork \yas noL \\'orthy of such attention, is this s ide of the competition ahua),s regarded as a poor relation, and e ith er kept out of sight or treated with ,>cant attention as compared " it], the team test. Thi s year's competition proyed that it i.., aL least equally aUracti\ 'e and equally ellectin! in testing the abilities of the competitors. :'IJ an)' ambulance \\'or k ers \\'ould place it higher still.

Some amusement \vas caused in the team test at the wn\ in \\ hi c h "stone" pillars in the street \\ 'e re bundled out of the \\'ar. One team used one as a supporl for an injured limb and 'all must haye \\ ondered why in a busy thoroughfare \"hich bo asted eyen a pawnbroker's no better tran port than a d efect i\ e builder's barrow \\ 'a (l\'ai lab le to take a patient half a mile to hospit a after a lapse of t\\'enty minutes?

Bul, things like this must be perhaps, in competitions, Ther e ' cel11ed little to choose bet\\'een the teams this year and he \"as a bold man \"ho co uld foreca'it the winner, for as far a the spectator could judge there \\'as a high degre c of uni for mity in the standard of ,,'or k

Thc judges were :\lajor J. Orton , :\I.D" D,P,H" of Covcntry (team and No.1), Capt. \, C. White Knox, :'11. C. , M, B., of London (1\ L1S. 2, 3, -I- and 5).

The order in \\'hieh the teams \\'ere placed was a follo\,,-; :-

Team,

1. Soutllern (\'-'aterloo "A")

2, Great \'-'estern ( Nc\\'port, .-\.Iexandra D ock)

3 Great \\'e tern (Ne\"port, Dock Street) of. Southern (Bricklayer' Arms)

5, London, :\Iidland and S cott ish and Great \\'estern Joint (Rock Ferry )

6, Lond on, :\1 idland and Scottish (Crewe, :\[achin e Shop)

7. London, 1\lidland and coltish (Li\'erpool, North Dock) ,.. ,..

8, London and I\' orth-Eastern (Parke ' ton)

:\lark , -1-07

Brigadier-General the Han, EYerard Baring, the Chairman of the Southern Railway, presentcd the pri zes . Lord Stanmore thanked him on behalf of the Order of St. John for his kindness in coming there that d ay, and thcy appreciated hi - presence as being the head of one of the grc'at rail\\'ay compnnies of thi , countr)', Lord Stanmore

aL 0 thanked Dr, N, Corbel Fletch e r \"ho had presented a sih-er challeng'c cup for thc runner s-up in the co mpe tition .

The Hon, E\'emrd Baring, in reply, snic1 that he ,, a"ery plea se d to be pr sent, especiallly so a tl,le Challenge Shield once more had gone to the Southern Rad\\'ay Dr. :'IJ, Corhet Fletcher in his reply stated that he \\ 'as "ery plea. ed th<1t thc Order of St. John had accepted.his Cup. He had long- felt that a second trophy ,, 'as an d h,n in o' a ",,"eak spot' for the rank and file of Rad\\'ay "Firs7 :\iders," elected to commemorate hi "majority" by g'i\ ' ing the cup,

< The inscription read as foil 0\\ :-" Present e d by Dr. Corbet Fletcher in remembrance of 21 year' happy "'ark with RaihYay First Aiders, 1908 to 1929."

FIRST

IMPRESSIONS OF A SPECTATOR.

At the Inter-Railway Final nine picked teams, survivor of hundred s of teams up and down Eligland and \Vales, met to fight for the premier position in the Railway Ambulance vVorld.

Congratulations are due to the As.ociation on its new choice of venue for the Competition, because there \\"as ample room for all the visitors of whom th e re were se\'eral hundreds and because the 1'00111 set apart fOI- the individual tests was open to all wher eby an old and sore grievance was removed.

Th e staging of all tests was satisfactory since it concyed to thl: competitors a tl-ue Sense of the situations of the various cmergencies. There is in some quarters an incorrect idea t hat rainted scenery is necessary fOI- realism \Vh reas, as w as shown in this competition and elsewhere on many previous occasions, a little improvisation may sen'e all the needs of I' ea listic presentation of the tests.

Th e judging wa s al a good and gave to competitors and spectato r s the pleas ing impres s ion that justice was being done to the team. To us behind the ropes the team test seemed simple and stra ightforward; and indeed some of tlw teams clearly looked for problems which did not exisl.

A I D. June, 1929.

Great Western.

The G.W.R. annual gold medallists' outing is unique.. Holders of the Company's medal for 15 years' first aiel efficiency foregathered from all parts of the rallw ay system together. The venue is changed yearly and the organisation is in th e hands 0 f the appropriate Diyisiona l secretary. This year the duties fell upon 11'1r. C. II. Davey, Cardiff) and were ably carri d out to the satisfaction of all concerned.

The 1929 gathering, held at Cardjff on J nn e 8th, wa s accorded a civic reception) and approximately 600 medallists, wives and friends participated.

During the morning many of the visitors made a tour of Cardiff Castle, after which the large compan) was photographed on the steps of the Law Courts.

At mid-day the party was entertained by t he G.vV.R. to luncheon at the City Hall, where ::'1r. F. G. Wainwright , Div. Supt., presided, and the Lord 1\layor of Cardiff, Alderman W. R. Williams, was the chief g u est. Other s

June, 1929. F IR ST

1l1eda llists was a source of great pride. At the first annual (luti n g' in 1922 the party numbered about SO; to-day there 1\'Cre about six hundr ed people present, and 892 members of the staff were holders of the Company's gold medal award. Addressing th e medallists, he said, "There is no slJ1lila1' orgcwisatioll in the country, and by your wonderinl example and what you have accomplished in the days. \I hen facilities were lelV you have done a good work." This was the first time that the gathe rin g had been ;dto rdecl a wclcollle hy the ciyic authority, and he was proud 0 the fact that the Lord Mayor of Cardiff himself a Great Western railwayman.

Mr. 'vY. G. Chapman, who a l so addressed the gathering, expressed pleasure at seeing so many of the veterans of the movement, and welcomed the n ewe r medallists. They were fortunatc in enjoying' the hospi ta lity of the City of Cardiff. othillg in the amb ulanc e movement was more gratifying than the growth in the number of meda llists, but one wondered where there would be accommodation to entertain them in future years.

After lunch eon the party travelled by special trail'l to St. Fagans, where by kind permission of the Earl of Plymouth they were admitted to the Castle grounds. On their return to Cardiff they were the guests of the Lord Mayor, who was accompanied by the Lady Mayoress, to tra at the City Hall, and before dispersing many of them te ok advantag-e of the spec ial facilities afforded by the r ord 1\Iayor of visiting the Welsh National Museum.

sw.\:\'SF. \.- The distrihution of competition trophies, pI izes and long- awards to memhers of the ambulance movement in the S,,,ansea (No.9) Division was llncle at the Central Cafe. Swansea, on the evening- of Tuesday. May 28th, when l\Ir. J. Lea, Div. Sunt., presid ed Mer a l arge company which included Mr. J. F. Lean. A""istant the General },Ianag'er and Chairman of the Ambu lance Committee, }'1r. R. Carnmael, Diyisional EnMr. 'lV. Raines, Di, "isional Locomotive Supt., and am I a large numllcr of local officials

A I D 327

.1 of the work done by their respective instructors have presented tokens of thanks. At Blackburn Dr. Clarke was handed a wallet, Burnley presented Dr. Seane with a sIlver cigarette case and lighter, whilst Dr. Grant of Carlisle received a cigarette box, and Dr. Waters Lane) a .ciga rette case suitably engraved. These g Iv e reClpie.nts the satisfaction of knowing that the1i" work 1S appreClated to the utmost by all who learn ambulance work.

DE.RBY.-After 27 years as secretary 1\1r. Geo. 1>.Iunm has retll-ed, and the members hayc presented him with an umbrdla in appreciation of the \I'()1"k he has done for amb ulance workers.

London and Nor t h Eastern.

DARLINGTON.-:\I r. \V. E. Blakey, LN.E.H distrIct supermtendent for Darlington, presented the certificates and labels won by of the Darlington yardmasters' class at a smoking concert held by that class in the LN .E .R. Bank T op Assembly Rooms, on 1>.lay 15 th. Alfred. Grahal?) tIle yardmaster, presided. l\Ir. Craham sald that lt was , -c ry gratifying to know that the ambulance class had made such progres in the la s: few months. It was due greatly to the \I'ork and resourcefulness of the secretary, 11r. S. Cooper. Dr. Forsyth, too, had gi\"en "ery useful sen-ice in lecturi11'r to and instructin g the members. b

The speaker understood that 1\11'. Cooper was a member of the first ambulance class in Darlington which waes formed in 1890 or 1891. '

Mr. Cooper reportee! that the class) which \"a s formed only last October, had done exceedingly well. The .membe rs were examined on February 17th, and 19 of had passed the necessary tests.

Brigadier-General Th e Hon. Everard Baring, C. V. 0., C. B. E., presenting the Shield to vVa te rloo "A" tealn at the Inter-Railway Ambulance Final. Similarly the individual tests apparently ca lled for nothing except a so und and practica l knowledge of first aid, the testing of which is the sound substance of the Inter-Railway Competition.

\i\Tat e rloo once again won the Shield for the Southern Railway which, if ,-,ve count the two victories of the old South Eastern and Chatham Railway, holds the proud record of 6 s uc h vidories. \11 agreed that they thoroughly deserved success and that th ey did full justice to those responsible for their training. Equally so all were glad that the new trophy, the Corbet Fletcher Cup, was won by that splendid team of fighters, the Newport Tea m from Alexandra Docks. So ended the Jlght fOI- the Shield and the Cup. Still our story is not com plete unless we re cord the l11.any happy meetings of ambulance enthusiasts from orth, South, East and West. It is good to meet together, to compete or to watch and with it all to learn some practical lesson of first aid; but it is equally good to meet old friend, to clasp th ir hands and to talk about the pa s t, the present and the future So long may the Inter-Raihvay Final Aourish; and long may we live to e njoy the se gatherings!

present were Mr. ]. F. Lean, Assistant to the General Manager, Mr. lV1. C. Harrison) Div. Engineer, Mr. C. T. Il. Riches, Div. Locomotive Supt., Mr. C. T. Cox, Assistant Div. Supt., Mr. W. G. Chapman, and Miss C. A. Ault, Centre Secretary and Assistant Secretary respectively, '!\1r. E. ?'. IIadley, Editor G.W R. Magazine) and the vanous diVISional sec r eta n es

The Chaim1an read messages from Sir Felix J. C. Pole, general manager, and Mr . R. H. Nicholls, superinof the line, regretting inab ility to be present, and vllshmg the medallists an enjoyable day. The Lord Mayor said he was proud to welcome the medallists to Cardiff on behalf of the civic authorities, and particularl y as a rallwayman to welcome such an assembly of ratlway workers. He was glad that Cardiff had been selected for this function) for the G.W.R. were the largest employers and biggest ratepayers in that City, its proportion being about one-lenth of the total rates. Ambulance men went further than pur e ly G.W.R servicr, for they had adopted t l1 e nohlest in s tincts of humanity.

Mr. J. F. Lean said that the increa se or the C.W.R.

An e'xce li ent concert had heen arranged in which the whole 0 f tllC tillCl1t was dral'm from the Great \Veslern R;lilwav. 1\11. Lean. \ovho distributed the 1 ro]1hie5, nrizes _ and g'o lc! medals, congratulated the Swansea Division on being the lanrest. a:-; measllred b v C'x;L111ination resl1lls. in tl1e whole of the Great W esten' Rai lw ay system. 2nd ;:11so of the fact that it had attracted a large pprcentage of new entl-;lnts tn ambulance r,mks during the past year. He the good \york which was 1,eing- carried on hy the vanous secret:1ries. class in strllrto rs and others. which was largely a lahoU1- of lov e. <1nd who dC'serYed well of a ll concerned.

1\1 r. W. G Chapman. Cent1'(, in the cou:se nf a short <1ddress. gave some interest1l1g figures whIch illust r ated the r e111 '1 rkrl hIe grO\,vth \",hich had heen made in the movemcnt during recent years.

London, Midland and Scottish.

At the recent L.M.S. finals, the secretary institut ed an innovation) which proved a great success. As tators entered the hall they were handed a synopSIS of the team test which readily showed what work the nrio us members of the teams should do. Spectators ,,"ere therefore able to appreciate all the possibilities of the test and learn how to avoid mistakes. The. Amb ulance Secretary is to be congratulated on thIS P01l1t, iln d other centres would do well to follow the lead thus give n.

Annual presentations of awards have been held. at ma ny centres. Many students to show their appreciatIOn

Dr. Forsyth was presented with a smoker's stand, and 1\1r. 'lV. T ennick and 1\1r. J. Smith, the instructors, a tea service and a biscuit jar respecti\"ely. 1\1r. C Golightly, who has retired) was g-iyen a gold watch and chain, and Mr. -. 1\[CKay Jasper, the ex-assistant yardmaster, \,...ho has left the to\\'n for Dunston, a tobacco cabinet, a fountain pen and a pipe. Mf. Cooper was presented with a ]lair of candlesticks.

BLYTHE.-Award won by members of the Blythe L .E.R. amhulance class \\'ere presented at a gathering in the Adult School. Blythe, on June 2nd. Mr. 1. R. H erron presided, and the pre entation were made by Mrs. Curry.

Councillor Cmrv paid tribute to the work of Dr. A. Fairlie. lecturer since 1908 1\lr. 1\1. Harrison. instructor since lR90. and 1\lr. \lV. S. 100re. secretan" since 1905 All :)-\. pupils who enterecl for the exarnination, which II as conductecl hy Dr. Smallwood. of Gatesheacl, passed.

-------.

Southern .

The Southern Railway are to be congratulated on again holdin o the S.J.A.A. Shield, which was won by Waterloo" A ,. at the FinaL This railway has now held the shield six times during the last nine years. A r ea lly creditable performance. Nor is this all. The Bricklayers' Arms team ',"011 the "Dewar" Shield at the S_J.A.B. Finals. This team is a'tso a team of fio hters, as during the past seven years they ha\"e secured the premier position on four occasions and ha\"e been runners-up the three other occasions.. These teams are to be heartily congratulated on the1r performance,

and we hope to again see their name added to the shields in future years.

LnIE REGrs.-For three years in succession one hundred per cent. of the calldidates of the Lyme R egis class hi:l\'c the requirements of the examiner.

A Illag'n ificcnt performance, and hoth the instructor and candidates show that the text book has received their strictest attention

Notification has he e n receiycd from the Craecl Pri or o[ th e Venerahle Order of the Hospita l of Sl. John of Jerusal e m in E11gland that, \\'ith the sanction of His l\Iajesty King Georg'c V, Sovereign head and Patron of the Order, Dr. A. Tennyson Smith, lecturer to the Orpington cla_s [or the past 22 years. has been appointed SCn'ing Brother of t he Order, in recognition of h is exceptional en'ices.

Th e Redhriclge District Annual Ambulance Competition for the C halleng e Cup and prize \\'ill he helel at Te t\Yood Park, Totton, on Saturday, July 6th. This ('\'C11t is eag'crly lookcd forward to. and, if a ll acco unts he true., a lar g-c Illlmher of teams ",i]] compete. Full particulars may he ohtaillcd from :\I1'. R. Gilling'ham, Engineer's Dept., Rcclbriclge \\To rk s ------.

Inspection of Notts. Area! S J . A.B.

D ELIGHTFUL weather favoured the annual inspection of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions ' of the ottinghamshire Area, which was held in the

marched past for the salutc. Sir Percival Wilkinson was accompanied by Commissioner S. Vv. Malk in and Mrs B i rkbeck, the Lady Distri ct Supt., and had as his aides-de - camp Capt. F. Muschamp and Corp s Supt. Aspinall. Assistant Commissioner A . B. Gibson was in charge of th e parade, with Major H. W. Spaight as second in command, and Div. Supt. G. E. Hardy as Adjutant. Lady District Officer Miss Gibson was in charge of the Nursing Divisions.

After the march past, a demonstration of First Aid and Nursing was given under the direction of tllC Count y Surgeon, Dr. YV. H. Horan, and wa s watched with keen interest by the distinguishe d visitors, including Her Grace the Duchess of Portland, the Lord 1ayor of Nottingham, Ald. A. R . Atkey and Mrs. Atkcy, the Mayor of Mansfiel d, Ald. J. A. Beck and Mrs. Beck. The demonstr ation consisted of t he following: Appl ication of Th o mas's plint; s tretcher drill; waggon drill ; triangular b a ndage on chest, hcad, s houlder and h a nd; roller band age on head, shoulder, brea st and forearm .

Durin g the ceremony Her Grace the Duche ss of Portland prese nted Service Medals to Sergt. G Harv ey, of Clipstone Div., and Pte. H. Lucas, of Carrin gto n Di v Afterwards, in a charming littl e speech, Her Grac e said how pleased she was to see them a ll at the Abbey that afternoon ;' s he thouCTh t b their work was the mo st u se ful that on e could do , and she recogn ised hmv val uable it was during th e Great War, when her ow n nursin g knowledge stood her in good stead.

Major-General Si r

Perci val \iV ilkinson spok e of the condition of th e Bri ga de as a whole, and sa id the last return was a hi g h ly satisfactory on e and showed an increase in the adults of 3,600 and in cadets of 1,000, as compared with the previou s year. The strength of the two departments no w sLood at 52,000 adults an d by S, VV MalkLn, Esq., Co mmi ss

June, 19 29 .

F I RST

were a sp lendid set of men and equal to any work they might have to carry out. The nurses also had turned out very we ll indeed, and he congratula ted them all and wished them every succes in th e future.

Thanks to the Inspecting Officer were expressed by the District Commissioner, Mr. S. W . Ma lkin, and the Divisions gave three hearty cheers to sho w their appreciation.

Home Service Ambulance .

A CCO RDI G to the annual report for 19 28 of the Home Service Committee, the total number of ambu lance stations in the country equipped by the Committee is 28 7, and there are, in addition, 69 ambu lances affi I iated to the service, makin 0' 356 in b all. Duong the year tw en ty cars were replaced by new ones and fou rteen statio ns eq u i pped.

The n lim ber of patien ts carried In the ambu lances during the qu arte r ended 31st D ecember last was 28,269

During the twelve mont hs ended Decem b e l' 31 st, the am bulan ces carried 11 patients, and the total numbe r o f pati e nts carried lw the Service since it set up is 733,488.

Among the lesserkn ow n activities of the Com mittee ma y be mentioned its Mobile X-ray Service , little known to the public perhaps, but widely known to the medica l profession. Alth oug h primarily designed for use in and around L on don, journeys as far as C umberland have been

A I D. 329

for th.e examination of His Majesty the Kin g at Buckll1gham Palace, and that in one of the authoritative statements addressed to the medica l profession the radio g rams taken with thi s apparatus were referred to as exce llent.

fe tters to the &dito r.

W e are in no way res p onsib le for the opinions expre ssed, o r the state ments made, by Correspondents. - EDITOR.

'l A RKING SHEET LIBR ARY.

D EAR SrR,-

Will you please forward the May is s ue of "First Aid M arking- Sheet Library."

I notice that thi s month is the last iss ue of lhis erie. vV e ll , I would lik e to say ho\\' much these marking s h eets hayc h e lp ed me, not so much in the way of competition \\'ork, hu t in a ge ner a l way of "First Aid" \\'ork I think

OF FICERS 0", PAR ADE AT T Il E I"' SPECTION OF T ilE AREA, J UNE 9th 1929. Bottom r o w , from the left, C hi ef of Staff H. C. Else (Knight of Grace), Corp Supt. H. vV. Spaight, L ady Corps Supt. L.ady District. O,tncer Mi ss. Gibson, Hi s \\'or s hip t h e l\layor ot Mansfield, !-\SSlstant CommLsSLoner A. B. Gib o n, L a dy Di st ri ct Supt. l\Irs. Birkb ec k, H er Grace

Du

of P or tl a nd ( D a m e

Grace of the Ord e r) , Sir PerciY a.1 01> Th e Lady VI ayo r ess of N ott in g h am, COl1ll1lLSSlOner of No.5 Dlstnct \\. M a lkin (Knight of Grace), Th e Lord M ayor of (A ld. A. Alkey), Th e Mayores s of M ansfie ld Lady Corps Officer II' R atcltff. made on severa l occasions

a nd Lady DistriCL Officer Miss Gibson. 6,000 cadets This was grounds of Welbeck Abbey on June 9th. There were on. parade. 1,348 of all ranks, and they made a mo st and striking display.

No. 5 Di st

The DIVISions were drawn up in line on the c.ricket-pitch. in front of the Abbey for the inspectIOn by lVIaJor-General Sir Percival Wilkinson the Acting Chief Commissioner, and

a good sign that we were getting on, and whe n new work came along we should be ab le to tak e it up He urged officers to keep an eye on th e recruiting depar.tment, and maintain the strength much.as Referring to the inspection , Sir PerCival saId two things had impressed him : one was the way in which they had turned out, an d the other the strength of the Divisions. The y

The object of this service is to provide the ph ys ician and surgeon with means whereby the utmos t evidence may be obtained from a radiograp hic examination of the unfortunate patient, who, by reason of his illness or injuries, is confin ed to bed.

Many of the small hospitals, whose finances are s mail, prefer to take advantage of this service ra the r than instal the smaller type of X - ray set, use of which, in the main, is unsatisfactory.

The Committee records with gratification the fa ct that its · Mobi le X-ray Service was employed

that they h ave been a splend id help and in s pirati on to all those wh o h aye a\"a il ed them elves of the opportunity If s u c h a further opport un ity presents itself again, am cO lwin ced that you find us all keen and ready to grasp It.R es p ec tfull y yours, CORPL. W V\ T. K ette rin g

BRIGADE U IFORl\lS.

SIR,In reply to]. C. vVhit e, of Tottenham, re the ?-bo\'e,.my s u ggestio n are: Th e whit e ca p band s h ou ld r e maln, as It IS mu c h eas ier to wIlde blall co. Th e co ll ar to be made upright as s ugg ested with numeral numbers like t1:e police. Thc w ate r bottl e r evise d a u ggeste d. The eqUlpment I should like to rem a in ) with the suggestion that a sta nd ard

Exclusive photograph to FIRST All) of the \ ct in g rChief Comn'lissioner in spccti n '" the l1urs?s of t h e .\.rea at Welbeck Abbey, Jun e 9t h, accompanied b

io n er of

ri ct

the

c hess

of

polish be used by <1 11 ranks. I find (ox-blood) a dds tone and finish to the leather. I u se J It 111 the Army where e \ eryone h ad to be uni form with one a n ot h er.

I n conclus ion, 1 t hi n k the uniform look s mu c h s m a r te r being black. - Youl-s, &c., W. N

B irminghaill.

DEAR Sm,-

A I D. June, 19 29. leat hcr equipll1ent pu zz es m e s in ce w e are "black aile! whit c brig a de." Th c pre se nt e quipm e nt co uld be dy ed black at very littl e cos t.

How eve r, 1 hop e so m e a ltenttion s will bc m adc in these directions.

Red Cross Branch News.

EWTON

In FIRsr \11) for ]\f ar we read wi t h g r eat interest a letter re the nbo\'e, <1ncl say at o nce h at w e think it a very sensible letter a nd agree with him that the unif or m W<1nts revising. Now ou r ideas are thi s : starting fr om th e h ea d , wc hi,;k the prese nt white band round the.cap is a· nuisanc e, for it cloe s n ot maller h ow caref ul o n e IS wh e n c lean in g it, they are bound to get some of t h e pip e - c lay, c loth-ball, o r whatever they u se, on to the blrlck part of th e cap, and after a time the cap begins to loo k a nythin g but smarr.

Seeing that we copy the Services in so m a ny why not clo away with the whi te b an d a lt oget h e r (for It has a lways seemcd rid icu lous to u s to l1 ave a s il ver badge o n a white background) a nd wear a ,>v hit e ca p cove r from ]\f ay to October. vVc are ure t h e badge would look be tte r on black than it does on white.

The present co ll a r on the tunic ce rt ain ly wants a l ter in g, for we hm'c h ad so m e experience with the m, es p ec ia ll y o n a hot day.

\V c a lso agree that the leather eq uipm ent would loo k better if it were black, we are quit e a w a r e that we a r e not supposed to clean the leat h er, but everyo n e in unifol-m \" a nt s to look hi s be st, and, t h erefo r e, gets to work with a little polish and "elbow grease," a nd w e a r e s ur e til e buckles, etc. , \\'o uld look bette r o n bl ack than they do o n th e presenl equipment.

Refering to l h e water bottlc, we t hink the present o n e i ycrr awkward and clumsy. :\ round Oa t bollle, s u c h as is u sed in thc Sen ice by A rtill erymen, is a much morc CO I1\'cnient and ncater bOllle.

Th ese alteral ions w o uld not be \'e ry ex p e n si\'e.

Yours truly, H. RlNT (Sergt.), c. BARTLETT (Sergt.). V/eym.outh, No.9 Di\ isio n.

DEAR SlR,-

I wou ld like to g i\'e a fe v s u ggestions in s upport of l\lr.

C. ]. Whit e's etter in FIRST AID of 1\lay iss u e.

\i\ hile appreciating 1\11'. vVhi te s in te r est in the unifo rm of the "b lack and white brigade," I w o uld likE' to add n ot onlY does t h f' rank and file need so m e alterat ion but t h e to, especiall y divi ional.

Th e present co ll a r on j ac k ct is far from be ing smart, especially in m a ny cases where, owing to s m a ll n ec k, t he co ll ar needs muc h a lterat io n to fit, ot h e rwi se it res e mbl es a h o rse-collar. I fo r one would welcome a c h a n ge in this direction.

The que t io n of h eadgea r ne e d s so me diplomat t o ov e rco;ne that difficulty, for va ri o u s reasons. To h ave a d e t ac hab le whit e ba nd is ve r y se n s ibl e, but ho"" many exc u Ses would be heard, s u c h as "1 for got to put it on," "Th e ba nd is sti ll at the lau nd ry," or "I've left it o n th e pi a no"? If the b.wd remains a permanent fixture, there would b e no ri s k of l eay in g it at h ome o r elsewhe r e a nd co nling on p a rad e improperly dressed.

The webbing e quipment I am ve ry mu c h in favour of; t is not heavy an d i s m ore co mf ortab le, a nd one do es n o t look lik e a h arnesse d hor se, as when in a ll leat her Tile st rin g on water bottle s hould be abolished and a white melal c h a in subst itute d. Also the a t est pattern bottle as 1\1r. White s u ggests Th e co lour of a ll eq uipm e nt s hould in m y opinion, bc hlack; and why the ran k and file s hould wear light brown

I would further a dd th at so mc altera ti o n shou ld be made r eg-a rding o ni ce r s' uniform s eS pec ia ll y divi s io n a orficers. Th e pr cse nt style of unif or m is ind ee d \'ery n eat but s h ort of di tinction. \V e do n ot w ea r a parti c e white (cxccpt hadges) o n o ur unif o rm s, a nd I con id e r we s hould a li tt e whit e to d e n o t e th a t w e b lo n g to the S.J. i \. B. alld n ot a po li ce in speclo l-, bandmaster or s u c h as w e 11 ,1\-e been taken for. It w as only recenLly a n old ge ntl e m an approached Ille as k ed m e w ere we pl ay in g n ea L - h e r e, a nd t o what ba n d did 1 bc long. 1 h a d t o exp la in m yse lf to the interestcd old ge ntl e m a n , wh o was s urpri se d to leal-n I w as an amhulance o ffi ce r and not a bandmaster, whi c h h e too k me for.

Th e band roulld h ea d gear 1 v\ 'o uld suggest be black a nd \\ hit e c h ec k o r so m et hin g uitablc.

Th e trousers at pr ese nt worn a r c plain, a nd in Illy o pini o n s h o uld car ry a whitc str ip e of br a id at a suitable width,

S eve ral tim es I have b ee n taken for a police antler, and thi s pro ves w e are s h ort of di st in ct io n as an a m bulance work e r.

We a ll b e long to the "black a nd w hit e brigade" and s h o uld ca rry eq u a l distinction. I would t h e r efore welc ome th e views of ot h e r reaclers. - Y o ur s fa ilhf ully ,

DIY. SUPT. C. Grny, W akefie ld Div.

D EAR SIR, -

A d etac h a bl e w as h ab le band round the cap is not n ecessa r y. Th e pr ese nt band ca n be easi ly kept clean, and is mu c h neater. As regards the collar being- ma d e lik e the police collar, o ur s is 0 K because wc 1 equire it co ll ar thal is adaptab le to m en of a ll co nditi ons of physical build. VV aler bottles co uld be impr ove d. An un co\'erecl aluminium bottle with a co r k sec ured by chai n , and having a cup for co\er lik e t h e thermos n ask. But these are of \erv lilli e COIlseq u e n ce compared with the first aid equipmellt carried. vVe are told a pouch s h o uld conlain1 ll-iangular, 1 l\Hlin c h , 1 one-inch, a bit of lin t, a bit of cotton wool, and three fiddlin g iodin e a mp o ul es. Wc sho uld be efficient at improvi s ing , bu t somet hin g b ette r is expected from a unifor med m a n. Th e pouches in o n e division are made to contain four g ass sto pp ered hottles (Iodine, Sal Volatile, Olivc Oil, L yso l), 2 triangular bandages, 2 w o -in ch bandages, 2 onein c h bandages, tin of lint a nd tin of callan wool, forceps, s ti c ki n g plaster a nd cane I a dmit the pouch looks c r o wcl ed a nd I think the ideal w o uld be a sim il a r e quipm e nt for p o u c h but omitting the co tt o n wool from it an d ca rr y in g lint in large r qu:=tntLty. Cotton wool ca n b e in lar ge r quantities a nd carr ied in hmerack. I would a lso pre fe r pc rm a n ganate of pota h to lysll i.

- Your s, etc. ,

D EAR SIR,M ay I e n c r oac h on yo ur 'a lu ab e space to say how h ea rtil y I for o n e agree with C. J. White of Tollcllh:llll. T a k e for in sta n ce th e Annual P a r a d e at lI yde Park. Th e leat h e r e quipm e nt va ri e d from :=t blo od black to a light tan; thi s co uld b e re ct i fi e d for a fcw pe n cc per man.

Several men ca rri e d undye d ot h ers hacl round o n es

I a l so think that N.C.O.' s s h o uld h e r e-examined a nnu a ll y 1 h ave bitt e r m c mori es o f a "sergca n t" who gave th e co mm a nd" Front lurn " :l ncI when pro v in g th e dre ssing of th e lin e a ddr essed th e men lik e a team of frisky h orses. On the whol e I was forcibly re mind e d o r o n e of Fr e d Kam os co m e di es - Sincere ly yours, F. J. CLANSWORTllY.

HARWlCII.-The annual county rally of the Essex l\.cd Cross Socicly and Ordcr of St. ] ohn of J erusalc:m

\\ as held on Saturday, June 1st, at Harwich, in the gro unds of lIlichaclstowe Hall, by the kindness of 1\1r.

1\.. C. Abdy

The rally WelS most splendidly administered by a capable and efficient body of administrators, with :vIajorGenera l F. F J ohnson, c.B., C.B.E D.L., the county directo r, as chalrman, Col. J. M. C. Colvin, V.c., county cont roller, and 1\1rs. J. 11. Hanbury, R R.C.) 11rs J. T. \\ ' igan, and 1\1rs. Gerald Buxton, O.B.E.) chief marshals of the rally. The secretarial work was in the experienced and very efficient control of Col. G H. Coleman, O.B.E., \ r.D., and there was a large band of marshals and stcwards, who were responsible for the smooth and effectn'e working of the rally.

The women's detachments were represented as follows: Lexden and \tVinstree Division by three detachments, Essex 2, Essex 48, Essex 8; Epping Division by Jive detachments, Essex 6, Essex 10, Essex 16 Essex 36, Essex 124; Dengic and 1Ialdon one detachment, Essex 1-+; Brentwood Division, two detachments, Essex 18, Essex 134; \ Vitham, one detachment, Essex 24; Chelmsford, t\\U detachment, Ess.:x 102, Essex 40; Tendring Division, t\\'o detachments, Essex 74, Essex 86; Harwich, one detachment, Essex 88; Romford, two detachments, Essex 108, Essex 128; Southend-on-Sea, one detachment) Essex 116. Men's detachments were present from: L exden and \\instree one) Colchester S.J.A.B.; Epping one, Essex 7; Chelmsford one, Chelmsford S.J.A.B.; Romford two, 51, Dagenham S.J.A.B.; Tendring one, 1\Ianningtree S.J.A.B.; Beacontree one, Essex 57; South end-onSea one, SouthenJ S.J.A.D.

There were numerous prizes, the grand aggregate heing: 1 Essex 40) Chelmsford, 436.75 points; 2 Essex tl6, Tendring, 422.25; 3 Essex 88, Harwich, 417.25.

At the conclusion of the competitions there was a parade with inspection by Lieutenant for E:,sex, Brigadier-General R. B. Colvll1, C.R, who was accompanied by Major-General F. F. Johnson, c.B., C.B.E., County Direetqr) Col. ]. 1\1. C. Coh'in, V.c., C.ontroller, Lady Gwendoline Colvin, C.B.E and Bn€,adIerCenera l K. J. Kincaid-Smith, c.B., C.M G., D.S.O High Sheriff of E sex

The Lord-Lieutenant, after distnbuting the trophies) said it had been a real pleasure to attend that very intu-esting ceremony Everyone in Essex knew how keen ;11ll1 ent husiastic they were, or they would not have had that splendid gat herin g. It was a peculiar :pleasure him to as ociate himself with them, because It fell to hIS lIlt to raise the Voluntary Aid Detachments in the county 111 1909

BURY ST. EDMuNDs.-The annual in pection of the detachments helon ging' to the Bury St. Division took p l ace (by permission of Miss Blyde) 111 the outpatients' department of the West Hospita l on Tuesday evening, June 4th. ThIS 1l1spectlOl1 was tar ried out by Major W. B. Stevenson, .I3- .A.lV1.C. CC;:0lchester), assisted by Sister (MIlItary HospItal, Colchester), and Dr. Rix (MedIcal Officer, Suffolk). Th e detachme nts were: Bury St. Edmunds (Suffolk) 15, commanda nt Dr. B. E. A. Batt; Bury St. Edmunds (V.A.D., Suffo lk) 18, commandant 1\liss Alice Maitland Wilson, A.R. R.C.; lxworLh (Suffolk) 26, commandant 1\115S Amy Mait land Wilson, A.R.R.C.; HcngTave (Suffolk) 42, comma ndant the H on Mrs. Wood. Thes e were put throu gh

many practical and oral in first aid and home nursing. Trays of ilwahd cookery were disl)laycd, and those III charge of the quartermaster's stores and thc dispensary ,nrc quest.ioned as to their duties. The exp r essed themselves well pleased with the work donc and know l edge displayed.

A brief but interesting ceremony took place at the end of the evening, when 11rs. Batt's Cup, given for an individual competition for members of the 11en's Detachment (Suffolk) 15 ) was presented by Major SteHnson to ::\1r. A. Catton. The contest for thi cup was yery close, 'vV. :'Iark\vell being second by i mark only.

At the close of the proceedings 11r. J. 1Iaitland \Vil son thanked all those "vho had helped, and urged the members of the detachments present to do recruiting \Iork, and so add to their numbers.

D,lRLINGTOX.-High tributes to the Commandant of the Detachment, 1\Ir. H. Roberts, Dr. H. Gompertz, the 1Iedical Officer, and the men of the 79th Yoluntary Aid Detachment of the Red Cross Society.. ,\ere paid 1)), Capt. A. H. Co\\ap and the ::\Iayor of Stockton (Ald. J Gold ton) at a general inspection on Saturela}, ::\Iay 25th.

The -11ayor and Captain Co\Yap took the salute aI the end of the inspection. and were impressed by a play and exhibtion ?:iYen hy the men. In addressing- the company, Captain Cowap remarked on the pleasure it gaYe him to be a commandant oyer uch an efficient hody of men, and complimented the presiding- commandant on the hard \york h e must haYe put in \\'hen training the corps. -------. --.

Home Nursing.

TIlE doctor had been called to the home of a London nav"y who \va s sick, and on departing the former promised to call the ncxt day to see how his patien t \vas progressing, but counselled h is wife to be sure and take her husband's temperature in the morning and, if necessary, see that he had a cooling draught.

In due course the doctor appeared again at the house and enquired after his charge. "'VeIl sir" explained the wife" 'Ve ain't got no thermometer so I put the barometer on Bill's chest. It " Tent to , Very dry,' so Bill 'ad a pint 0' beer and 'e's gorn back to work."

Red Cross Day, by a decree of thc Italian gl1\ L'l'IlI1lL'llt has recently been Clulhol-i::;ed. The dm was celebrated th,-oughoLlt-thc co untr) for the firsl lime 01; JUlle 15th, \\·hcl1 a tax of 6\'e per ccnt. was le\'ied on 11L'half of the Red Cross on all travellers' tickets, and the prices of admission to theatres, picture-houses, sports meeting.s and other public functions. The whole of the proceeds re ulting from the increases \yill be handed to the Red Cross. This plan is ex.pected lo prLwidc a fund for peace-time Sl'!'\ ices \\ hich tbc lLalian R ed Cross lS broadening, particularly in health and welfare work.

Queries and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules ;-

1. -Let'er.; containil1g Qurries must be n arhed on the (op lefL band corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 46 Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4·

2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cu t from the current issue of the J(lurnal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3. - The Textb ook, to which refe ence may be made in these columns is the 38th (1928) Edition of S J.A.A Manu al of First Aid.

TEXTBOOK OF R EFEREl\'CE.

C.S. (Penarth).-I note that in FIR T Am you sLi ll base your answers 011 the o ld Textbook; and ] \\'onder when you will accept the re\ ised Ianualof the Association as yo ur Textbook of Reference.

Up to last month I quoted from the old Textbook (1920) because on it .\'e re conducted all the big Final Conlpetitions. These rlllished last month; and from now Olw;ards 1 shall quote from the revised or 38th (1928) Edition of Fi1 st A id to lIte InJured By the way, it has been decreed tbat answers may be based on either book for Association Examinations held during the present year.-N CORBET FLETCHER.

A I D. June, 1929.

The term is a technical alternative for" chest" and has bee n introduce? the 38th Edition .of Textbook (p. 48). So I h ope that 111 falnleSS to a ll competltol-s the competition was being conducted all r evised T extbook.-N C.F

FRACTURES OF SCAPULA .\ND CL\\ ICLE.

E. S . (Cardiff).-Some of us have been discu ss ing the corrl:cL treatment of Simple Fractures of Ri ght Scapula and Right Clavicle; and as we disag'ree we subm it the point for your kind ruling.

I cannot see where difficulty arises. Personally, havin g removed coat, etc ., I would first fi:-.:. up the scapu la in the usual \\'a), with figure-of-eight bandage. This done, I would then carry out treatmcnt of lractured clavicle a laid dowll in Textbo ok (p. 67). - C. F.

June, 1929.

J:.IRST

thi-lt his head shou ld rest on the bent elbow. Our TexLbook tells us that both upper limbs should be stretched out above So, perplexed, I ,,,rite post haste to Y?U which POSItion IS the correct one; and meanwhIle I Il1tencl to follow the S J.A.A. Textbook.

Your is wise; and the Textbook gives the correct deSCriptIOn. If one of the upper limbs is bent at the elbow, then th of the mo\'ements adopted in imitation of natural breatll1ng \\ "o uld be minimised becau se the ex.pansion of. and. consequently of lung-s, would be re s tricted by POSItion of patlcnt. So, when you are called upon to do Scha fe r, thcn stretch your patient's upper limb s as far above hi s head as possible. - N.C.F.

FRACTURES OF BOTIl TIIlGIIBONES.

G. B. (Shuttlewood).-With Simple Fracture of left Femur a nd. Compound Fracturc of right Femur, would you adVIse us to treat as for one fracture 01- as for two fractures? \N e await your decision with Interest.

that was conducted on S.J. A.A. Textbook, then I that decision was ]:not a fair one. I am the III your problem b eca us e it tou c hes a weak 111 the !extbook which, in my opinion, in cor rect! ,," omIts t!,e pad I.n of Capilary Bleeding. Thi s ma) be severe It from I?Ramed areas, hut I have never met capIllary bleedll1g whIch could not be controlled by firm press ure of a "veil-placed pad.

!he criticisl:, that tourniquet should be applied before t? of ble?ding re\' ea ls a failure to apprecidte a plP.SS1i1g dIfficulty In competition work. In actual ?l11ergency you would at once recognise the variety of bleed1I.,g ; and consequently in competition you must a k quellons before you can cstablish the variety. Otherwis e, vou .start to treat before you kno\\' what you are and mIght easIly, as you su<YC)'est be o'uilty of :\Ieddleso First Aid.-N. C. F. "'t>' 1':> • me

LIABILITIES OF BIUGAIJE i\lDIBERSIII P

FHACTURES OF CLA\ ICLE, S CAPU LA AND HUl\IERCS.

P. L. (Aberfarn).-At a recent practice we had to tre at it patient \\ 'ho was supposed to be suffering from Fractu res of Clavicle, Scapula and (middle of shaft), all injuries on left side. Please ad\'i e as to correct method of treatment

Such patient would be suffering fr0111 marked degree of Shock which would necessitate treatment and transport ill recumbent position, even· if we suppose that all fractures are simp le, an important point which you ignore. Further, the Fractured Humerus appears to be the most serious inj ury owing to possibility of the broken fragment penetrating Brach ial Artery or Vein.

U nder the instructions no\\' prc"ai ling in the Textbook (p. 73) for of Thigh I question \ ery much of Lreatlng- each fracture separately, one .serIous dlsad\·a.ntage being multiplicity of bandages. H a\ mg-, therefore, tied foot to foot, I would dre s wound and then. pl:oceed to .treat as. though for fracture of one thighbone, modlfytng 1i1structlons set out by placing long splints a lon g both 1I1Jured sides of patient from armpits to just' beyond feel.-N. C. F.

FRA CTURED BASE OF SKULL.

W. B. (St.onyport).-Some of our men are under the ill1that members hip of the Brigade carries \\'ith it to be called up on mobilisation of the Sen'ices "I' the .e\:ent off a National S:risis. They \Viii not accept t 0 us \\'ho are 111 charge of the Di\-i ion that thl IS l1?t so ; but they say that they \\'ill accept as final your as to the reading- of paragraph 3 of General RegulatIOns.

EXAl\lIl\'ATION HOWLER.

\V. H. (Vlaterloo).-During a recent examination the doctor was asking a candidate to name the position of the various organs within the abdomen, and ended by enquiring the po ition of "the appendix." You may imagine our amusement when the candidate replied: " At the end oj the T extbook, SiT.I"

Good! N ext, please! !- J. C. F.

Consequently, I would first fix up the Scapula with figure-of - eight bandage. I would then control th e Hum erus with splints and bandages; and I would cont nt mys elf in treatment of Clavicle by keeping- patient nat on his hack and by tying upper limb in clo e contact with body with a broad bandage. I would omil the axillary pad for the broke n clavicle because I would not dare to use the humeru s as a lever.-N C. F.

FRACTURE OF FIRST RIB.

J. \\'. that we had to treat an unconsc ious paticnt suffering from Fracture of Base of Skull with se\'ere No se Ble e ding, s hould we be likely to agg ravat e thc condition if we turned patient's bead to one side. Please ach'ise.

v\rhile I question if with u c h condition the nose bleedin<)' \\'ould be sevel-e, I consider that you should turn patient heael to one side. Thereby you anticipate as far as you can the poss ibility of r eg urgitation of \ omited maller or blood bac1nnuds into larynx. - N.C.F.

The Brigade. is primarily a ci\·ilian organisation for c.l\'lI.I,:n emerge?cles.; and membership carries ,,-ith it no Ilabll1ty for ser\'lce WIth Army, Na\ ')' or Air F orce. From its earliest day, however, it has organised Special R esen'es for the Services and has invited members of Brigade to \'olunteer for these Reserve. lJ pon mobilisation of these Sen ices there is no clail1l on any except those who hm'e J0111ed these Resen·es. -EDITOR.

Reviews.

Q"CESTIOI S A. D ANSWERS IN FIRST .\'ID.

By G. H. Hanvood.

Third Edition.

Pn'ce 6d net.

ApPLICATION OF SPICA BAl\'DAGE.

K. C (Swinton) - In a recent Nursing Examination one of us had to apply a double spica roller bandage for both groins. The ca ndidate was applying the bandage with patient in erect position and was told by the examiner that patient should be lying down. Please tell us how this could be done.

If you place a small su pport in 1u 111 bar region so that patient is raised slightly from table, you will find that application of double spica for groins is not a. dif-ficult as you imagine. - N.C.F INJURY TO TIIORAX.

P. T. (Derby).-In a recent competition we were asked a quesLion about a patient suffering from '( pain in his thorax," and are much perplexed because the Textbook does not mention the word (C thorax."

T. T. (Bridgend). -Please tells us 'what you con ider to be the best treatment for Fracture of First Rib at the stern um. We recenLly had such a case to treat, and noted that patient was supporting his elbow as if he had broken his collarbone.

With Fracture of First Rib I would content myself with one broad bandage applied firmly round chest; and accepting the unconscious hint given by patient, I would find out which sling-larg-e or St. J ohn-gave most relief from pain If the laUer did, then I would modify the usual treatment for Fractured Rib s accordingly -N .C.F.

SCI-IAFERS' ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

A. D. (Milford Haven). - In my morning paper to-day I find set out' ( Rules j01' A rtijicz'al Respira!z'on" ; and I note with surprise that these tell me that for Schafers' .fcthoc! patient should have one upper limb bent at elbow an d

THE.\ L\lENT Of" C.U'[LL-\H.Y BLI!:EDING.

E. :\1. (l\Ietford). - In a recent competition the team had to treat, among other injuries, se\ ere ble e ding fmm forear m, and by enquiry estflbli hed that this was capillary. !hey treated with drcs s ing and bandage as laid down 111 (p. 112) and O\'erlooked the warning that blcedlllg was se\·cre.

The Judge afterwards commented on this and remadzed that most teams had acted as if the bleeding was of no importance because it \\'flS capillary He said that either a tourniqu e t or pres s ure on Brachial Artery sho uld have becn used; and that this should hm'e been ap plied before enquiry as to kind of hleeding. I h(t\'e al\\'ays thought that enquiry should be madc before action, bccause it would be useless to apply tourniquet on heart side for , CI10US bleeding \i\Te therefore submit the point to you and await your decision wiLh much interest.

Accepting that you r statement of facts i correct, and

The third edition of this little book bas been thoroughly rensed and brought up to d ate. It bas ed on the :\sso ciation Textbook and is the outcome of the per onal experiences of a la\"l11an a to the difficulties of la\ men and women in the and competition room;. Mr. Harwood has had experience, ince be holus the gold medal <l\\-arded by the Southern Railway .\.mbulance Centre and i' a Sen ing Brother of the Order of St. John. Sin ce i l last issue, (l complete index ha been added, which has further increa!3ed the usefulness of the book.

Copies may be obtained direct from author at .\.udit Accountant's Office, London Bridge Station, London, E.1

The "DECORATORS' & PAINTERS' MAGAZINE (8d. monthly) is THE trade paper for all interestedPubll&hing Office: 46, Cannon Street, B.C ....

FIRST London's Ambulances.

A::\IB1JLA NCE ca ll s in London during the past y ear we re a n s w e re d in a n average time of 7'+ minutes, a nd p at ients we r e con v e y ed to hospital in an ave raae tim e of 14 min ut es. These fi g ures reflect a hi g h s ta nd a rd, particularl y a s there are only 13 a m bul a n ce stations in the L. C. C. area- of 117 s quar e miles. .'

Th e ave raae tim es are ralsed b y Journeys on b d w hich p a ti e n ts a re t a ken at doctors or ers, t im es t o ho s pita ls man y miles away. An hour IS freq uen t ly tak e n up b y such journeys.

Sinc e 19 2 5 o nl y two new sub-statiOns have b ee n pro v ided, although, since that time, street ac ci d ents have increas ed by 10,000 a y ear.

Four h und red and fifty o ffi cers a nd m e n dr a wn f r o m th e X o. 5 Di strict of t h e St. Jo l1n Ambul a n ce B r iga d e ,,-e n t in to camp on Scarboroug h Ca t Ie Hill o n l\I ay 20t h fo r a w ee k. The nl r io u s units w ere dra w n fr om Sh e ffi e ld , D o n casLe r \\ Takefiehl, R ot h cr h al11, B a rn s ley , a nd T he,' "'ere welcome d into cam p b y A.5s ls t a n t Co mml ss lo n c r H. -c. Elsc (S h effiel d ), wh o ex presse d th e h o p e th a t t l-,ey "'ou ld see the sa m e goo d b e h a , "io ur as in t h e pr e ,oiou s yea r. ] f t h e " did that, h e w o uld b e sat is fi e d T ra inin g a nd l ec tur es occLlp'ied c,·ery mo rnin g; t Il e m e n b e in g at afte r dinncr. , n inspect io n a nd s p o r ts w e r e h e ld o n Fnd ay

N o IV. DI S TRI CT. - Th e A n n u a l S q u a d Co mp et it io n for the " vVil k in son" l'.I emo ri a l Shi e ld a nd th e Indi"idua l ur"ing Com p et it ion fo r t h e " l'.l a r y vVilkin so n"

Trophy w ill take pJ:tce at Te s on , o n S at urd ay , Au g ust 17th. Full pa r tic ul ars ca n be obta in e d fr o m Corp s Supt. R. \V. Oldfield, 35, D erb y-s tr ee t, N e ls on.

C LO \\T:..r F.irsL A. nnu a l :-irn bul a n ce f? r " C. vVn g h t" l\ I e m o n a l Cup , \'a lu e /::J g Uin eas, ",til he he ld on \ ug u st 17 t h , at th e ,Ve lfa r e H a ll, Cl o wn. Open to a ll Eng lan d. S t r etc h er T es t a nd Individu a l T est, pr izes g' j"en for b ot h eve nt s A ll a ppli ca ti o n s a nd En t r y Form 'may be h a d fro m th e S ec r eta ry , 1r. A . Wri g ht. 2 -+, C hu rc h -street, Cl ow n , n ea r Ch este rfi e ld

ELLA :N D AND CARNIVAL.-

Ambulance competition for the "Dempster; Ambulance Shield will take place on Saturday, July 13th, 1929. First three pr iz es to the value of £[0; if more than 20 four Ihree spec ia l pr iz es Will be awarded to the individual competitors ga in ing the highest number of marks outside the pr ;ze winnIng teams. Entries close July 10th, 1929 Open to all teams, Association or Brigade. Entry forms on application to H Horsfall, 131, Catherine-street, Elland, Yorks. Cheap fares

L.M S.Ry. N.B.- The Eiland Br igade Will n0t compete.

BRADFORD HOSPITAL ANI) CONVALESCENT

FU N D. - Thirty-fourth Annual Garden Party and Carnival at Lister Park, Bradford, Saturday, July 20th, 1929. Ambulance Competitions (open to all England) Ambulance Compet it ion, Nursing Competition (open only to teams of members of Nursing Divisions of St. Jobn Ambulance Brigade).

Entries clo5e Friday, July 12th, 1929 (or Saturday morning :> post will be accepted ), 4s. per team. All entries to be made to James Bateman, Hon. Secretary, 382, Barkerend-Ioad, Bradford.

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MANUALS OF FIRST-AiD, &c., 8y I. CORBIlI fLEICHIlR, •• B., B.C., B.A.(Cautab), •• R.c.S AID. TO FIRST-AID.

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First Aid

Hot Oxo revives and stimulates after shock or injury, and frequently prevents coll.apse and total exhaustion.

Oxo provides the energy and warmthpromoting elements fresh, lean beef concentrated form.

of In

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POCKET "FIRST AID" CASE

This case has been specially designed for portability an d neatness. I t measures d" x 3i" X liN, and. has, e?ges and corners rounded; being stamped out of tID, it IS lIght an d strong. The outside of the lid is of .appear ance, having a background of dark green relteved With red and white. Instructions are printed inside the lid how to act in cases of emergency. The contents,

which have been carefully selected, are as follows :-BANDA GES I in., 2 in., and 3 in.; BORIC LINT; SAFETY PINS; CO URT P LASTER, Perforated; RUBBER PLASTER; CARBOLI SED JELLY; AMPOULE

Ambulance Contests in Belfa st, 321

AMBULANCE CUTTINGS FROM THE PRESS-

A Derelict, 330

Aloe Plant Causes Death, 181

Cat Causes Gas Mishap, 45 " Suffocates a Baby, 291

Death from Fractured Spine, 330

1< irst Aid on a Roof, 45

Foreign Body in Mouth, 45

Gas Pendant Deaths, 2 6

Gassed in Bed, 330 " Garage, 330

Glass Cau ses Death, 268

His Other Hobby, 291

Hot Bath afte r Meal, 45

Kept Alive by Mud, 330

Large Cerebral Ha!morrhage with Few Symptoms, 24 1

Life Saved by a Cry, 93

Mountain First Aid, 181

New Use for Bishop's Girdle, 268

Poison Drunk in Mistake for Water, 45

Resourceful First Aid for Sn ak e Bite, 21 5

Saved by Sea Water, 93

Set Altght by Cough L oz enges, 181

Sleepwalker's Fall, 93

Suffocated During Sleep, 241

ThTGat Cut to Save Life, 268

Treatment of Burns and Scald s, 216

Upnght in Water, 93

Whirling Man, 93

Association in Canada, The, 82,25 0 B

Beware of Exhaust Gas, 241

British Red Cross Branch New" 16, 47, 70, 99, 130, 156, 190 ,218, 244 26 9, 295, 328

" Daily Mail" Ideal Home Exhibition, 237

Detailed Marking Sheet, No.

103 18, 131 19, 160

274

Developing the Eight Q ualifications, 195 Doctors can now Make their Own X-Ray ExammatlOn s, 261 Durham, Cleveland and Westmorland DJstrict Ambulance League, 260

E

Ear Troubles from Bathing, 292

EDITORIAL :A Reque5t, 194

Are Competitions Worth While? 193, 277

British Red Cross Society's Report, 25 First Aid in the Home, 109 Holidays and First Aid, I

J omt Council, The, 305 More First Aiders Wanted, 81 Motorists and First Aid Outfits, 53

Our" Queey" Column s, 250

" Thirty -Six th Year, Retirement of G. W. R. Ambulance Secretary, 137 Rhodes Missal, 137 Road PaLTols, 249

S.J.A.B. Report, 25 Staging Competitions, 221 True Ambulance Work, 165 Win ter Programme, 53

Ene m ies of Kn ow ledg e, 34, 66, 100

F

Father of Medicine, The, III

" Surgery, The, 295

First Aid and the Special Constabulary, 246 in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, 168

"

Electrical .<\ccidents, 223 Marking Sheet Library, 54, 102 on French Roacs, 39, 68 Posts on Italian Roaus, 126 Road-side S tations, 167 to the Injured, 130 H

Heart Aftections-their Cauie and Prevention, 182 Help on Roads in Switzerland, 96 High Blood-pressure-What it is and How to AVOId It, 110 Home Service Ambulance Committee, 72, 159, 260

Ho.pitallers' Club, The, 167 Hospital s and Social Servi ce 216

Hew to Spend an interesting Saturday Afternoon, 42 Hygienic Lecture Board, 72

mpressions of Brigade Final s, 280

I This a Record? 25 1

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR ;-

Annual Returns, 213

L

Appreciation and Criticism, 19 Are Competitions Worth While? 272

Artificial Respiration, 272, 302, 316

Brigade Uniform, 19 Mandgement of Competitions, 272 Medallion Alterations, 43

N.C.O.'s Re-Examination, 19,43, 72

N. S. W. Railways, 102

Re Mr. W. J. Harris's Lectures, 272 Promotion in Brigade, 146, 147, 183, 213, 302, 3 16

R. N.A.S.B.R. (Old Comrades' Association) , 183

S.J.A.B. Report for 1928, The, 71

Thirty-Six Years Ago, 43

Lincoln and District Ambulance Society, 328

London • mbnlance Service, 241 County Council Tramways, 147 Hospital Medical 195

Medical C6mPorts Depots, 3 Meritorious Fint Aid, 155

Message t') St. J lhn Ambulance Cadets from the National Safety First Associatio n, 212

Methods of ArtifiCial Re spi ration, 278, 306

Miners' Ambulance League, 129 More Common Poisons, The, 293

New Cacet Curriculum, 106 Noah Staffordshire Inter-Colliery Ambulance Competition, 151

Order of S t. Tohn, 2, 166

Our Nurses' Pages, 17,45, 73,97, 12 7, 153, 184,210,238,266,296,

Pionefrs of Medicine, 26, 54, 82, 125, 152, 222, 294

Poisoning from Coal and EKhaust Gases, 2 POLICI]; AMBULANCE WORK:-

City of LGndon Police Reserve, 20, 35, 83, 159, 180,207,234,

Met ropolitan Police First Aid Champi onship, 181 " Special Cunstabulary Reservf>, 41

National Police Competition, 180, 206, 231

Post Office Ambulance Corps, IS PRACTICAL POINTS ;-

Dead or Dying? 234

Death from Asphyxia, 302

Effects of Alcohol, 325 in First Aid, 302

First Aid in Medical Praclice, 212

Prom pt and Resourceful Action, 302 Rescue d by Alsatian Dog, 325

Vagaries of Epilepsy, 234

Prince of Wales Collieries Ambulance Competlllon, 316

Priory fo r Wales, 10, 33,60, 91, II8, 145, 176,204,229,257, .84, 314

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS

Acrifla vine for Burns, 132

Ad ministration of Oxygen, 48

App lication of Flexion for Ilzemo rrhage, 215 " " Thomas Splint, 48

Arti cle for Criticism, An, 48

Artifici al Respiration, 215, 243, 298

Asph yx:ia with Fracture of Ribs, 214

Birt h of Brigade, 76

Bites of Rabid Animals, 187

Bleeding from Palmer Arches, 76

Breach of Confidence, 187

Brigade Regulations, 270

Calcium Carbide Poisoning, 242

Causes and Their 300 " In sensibility, 22

Classification of Strychnine, 13 1

Clove Hitch, 50

Complicated Fracture of Ribs, 29 8

Compound, Complicated Fracture of Thigh, 24 2 " Fracture of Femur, lR6

Conduct of Competitions, 187

Control of Femoral Artery, 104 " Popliteal Artery, 300

Corrosive Acid Poisoning, 104 Cramp and Its Treatmenr, 271

Death from Wound of Leg, 271

Description of Circulation, 27 Di slocacion of the L0wer Jaw, 186 Examination 11 0wler 21, 48, 76, 104, 131, 158, 186, 21 4,24 2, 270, 298, 326

Exammation in Home Nur sing, 27 Ethics of First Ai d, 22

First Aid to the Uninjured, 48 Foreign Body in Thr oat, 214 Fracture In\olving Elb ow Joint, 326 of Arm, 132, 158, 187 Femur, 186 Forearm, 326 Lower Jaw, 270 Patella, 243 Pelvis, 326 Ribs and Drowning, 271 Sternum, 326 " without Loss of Power, 215, 271

Fra ct ured Base of Skull, 105, 300 Patella and Bleeding Buttock, 21 " Thigh and Crushed Foot, 27

Fractures In volving Elbow Joint, 242 of Both Cl avicles, 270 " Legs, 158

Femur and Patella, 242 " Ribs and Clavicle, 104, 298

H re mOlrhage from Ear Channel, 214

" "Internal Orga n, 48, 186 ,. Nose, 187 " of the Brain, 76 Home Nursing Pendant, 105

" Office Eye Drops, 158 llumour in Competition, 298 Humours of First Aid, 242, 326, 327

" Nursing, 21

Injuries to Bladder, 270

Medallion of Association, 158, 188

Plaint of Competitors, 327

Poisoning by Prussic Acid, 298

Position of Body, r86

Premotion in Brigade, 132, 159, 188, 326 Prussic Acid as Narcotic, 215 R-mk in Brigade, 215

Recognition of Services, 159 Sal Volatile and Beer, 131

Scope of Brigade Dutie s, 298 Service Medal, 188 Should Medallions be Cleaned? 50

Signs and Symptons of Strains, 300 " of Collapse, 243

2!4

" Insensibility, 300

Su bmission of Grier ances, 18S

Suffoca tion During Sleep, 13 1

Tablets in Brigade Equipment, 300 Testing Stretcher, 187

Tests of Insensibility, 327

Thanks to the Doctor, Tragic Blunder, 279

Tr ansport for Fractured Ri bs and Pelvi s 242 of Fractured Pelvis, 132, 21 5 of Apoplexy, 3'7 Bleeding, 105 Burns, 31, 327 and Scalds, 76, 104 Bu';st Varicose Veins, 187 C<;mtused Wound, 158

INDEX.

Tre:l.tment of Crushed Feet, 243 Dog Bite, 270

Fractured Forearm, 132, 214

Pelvi < , 243

Spine 158

" Thigh, 2I4

Fro;t Bite, 243 Hanging, 2I Hysteria, I04

Lysol Pois oning, 27 " Poi soning 298

Use of Boracic Lint, 300

Iodine for Wounds, 2 [

Picric Ar;d, 21 " Smelllin Salt s 158

Waste of Iodine, 327

Wound of Abdom e n with H ;:e morrbage, 300 R

RAILWAY AMBULANCE-

Canadian Nati onal Railways, 3 21

Great Western, I4, 36,64,94 120, 149, 178, 208, 235, 262,287, 320

Inter -Railway Ambulance Competition, 13, 178,3 17

London and North Eastern, 38,64,94, 12[, 14 8 , I79, 209, 235, 262, 287

London, Midland and Scottish, 14, 37. 95, 121, 148, 179, 208, 236, 264, 288, 320

Southern, 14, 36, 65, 122, ISO, 179, 208, 28 9

Record Breakers, 330 Research Defence Society, 42

REVIEWS :-

Accidents and Emergencies, 240

Bailliere s M a le and Female Atlases, 269

Class ificati on of Bright s Disease, A, 240

Family D oct or, The,

First Aid in Few Words, I30 Juvenile Manual, The, I02 Photography Simplified, 240 Tannic Acid Treatment of Burns, 157 Rise of the Barber-Surgeons, 25 [

87

Illustrations.

West Sussex Team Receiving " Police Review " Cup from Lord Remnant, 233

Princess Mary Inspecting Red Cross Detachment s at Cheder, 16

Priory for Wale s -

Burley and Kirkstall Nursing Division Team, 324

Burnepfield Ambulance Team, S.J.A. B., 59

Cardo, The late Corps Officer W. ]., 57

"Coroner Graham" Shield Competitions, Tyne Dock Team at WOI k, 209

Donca, ter Ambulance Officers at the Blackpool Town Hall, 8y

Grantham (Lincoln II) British Red Cross Team, 218

H. R H. Princess Arthur of Connaught presenting" Dewar" Shield to Mitchell & Butler s Team, 279

Illustration of Mr. F. C. Harwood's First Aid Awards, 251

Inspection of NO.3 (Eastern) District, S.J.A.B by W. Harvey Reeves, O.B.E., J.P., 29

L'3.ngwith Colliery Ambulance Brigade, 3

Leeds Vict oria Nursing 211

Loughborough Ambulance: Team, S.J.A.B., 141

Mansfield (No.4 District) Demonstration, 6

Mayor of Pontefract Handing COIpS Supt. T. C. Amery New Ambulance Licence, 173

" Metalix" Portable X -Ray, 261

" Metrogas" Efficiency Shield, 929 Winners, 171

New Ollerton Division, S.J.A.B., 3 1 Club Division, S J.A.B., 1.44

NovJta Oxygen Apparatu s DemonstratIOn, 225

Penistone Ambulance Team, S .J.A.B., 9 1

Police Ambulance-

Team, ':Vinners of the" Pim " Trophy, 23 2

P DIVISIon (Lewlsham), Metropolitan Special Constabulary Ambulance Team, 41

Briton Ferry No. Ambulance Team, S.J.A.B., 259

Grand Committee of the Priory for W a les 230

Lady Mayoress of Cardiff Presel'ting " i\rthur Griffiths" M emo rial Cup to Llanelly Nursing Team, 285

Lord Mayor of Cardiff l'resenling Ihe "L1andinam" Shi eld to Garnant Ambulance Team, 285

Ra.ilway Ambulance-

G. W.K -Viscountess r.hurchill Presenting " Dirf!ctors ShIeld Newport Dock-s t reet Team, 287

Inter-Railway Finals-Sir H nold Hartley Presenting Shiel d to Waterloo "A" Team, 319

L.M.S.-Dar wen Ambulance Team and Officials, 149

Lady Stamp Presenting Ambulance Shield to Liver po ol, North Docks Team, 265 Liverpool, Waterloo Dock, No. Women's Team , 288 vVellingborough Ambulance Team, 121

L.N.E.-Colwick Ambulan:e Team P ect!iving Challenge Cop, 26 3 March Silver Challenge Cup, 179

South African Railway.-Winners of S A R Ambulance Fi nals, 37

S. R-Arundel (South ern Railway) Red Cross Team, 36 Lady Walker Challenge Shield to Wat erl oo "A" Team, 289

" R. A. Jones" Challenge Cup Competitions, II3

Sheriff of Nottingham:;.t the" Spaight" Cup Presentation, 7

Side-Car of the Swiss Touring Club on Road Service, 96 Wedding of Ambulance Officer P. A. Butanowich and Ambu la nce Sister Dorothy Dolman, 85

FIRST

AID for the The Independent Ambulance and Journal Nursing Services.

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is publishe d o n t h e 20th of each month. T he Annua l S ubsc ript ion i s 35. 6d. p ost free ; sing le co pies 3d. Its ai m a nd obj(ct being the adva nc eme n of A m bulance W o r k in a ll its b ra nches T he E d it or nv i tes Read ors to send Ar u cle s a nd Repo rts o n subjects pe rt a inin g t o the Mo \ ement an d also Yo el (omes su ggestio n s for P ra c ti ca l Pape rs.

All IZepo r is, &c , shou ld be a d dr essed o th e E d ito r a t th e address be low, a n d shou ld r each h m be fo re the 12th of eac h mo n th , and m ust b e acco mp anied (1Iot necessarily f or publicatio n ) b y Ih e name an d a ddr ess o f the Co rr espo n d e n t.

S ubsc ri pt io n'> , A dve rti seme n ts and ot he r bus in ess Commun ications conne cted wit h F I RS T AI D b e fo r war d ed to the Pub li shers, D ALE R EYN'ILDS & C O , L TO., 4 6, CANNON S REK T L ONDON, E.C.4 Telet;rajlzic Add rcss- " T w cnf1,J olt r, Londolt " T elephone-Central I42£.

EDITORIAL.

tra ge di es, bu t some source fo r g ratification and co mf o rt l ies i n the know l edge that, but for the se r v ices of those who give so generously of their s p a r e t i m e to ma i nta i n efficiency in first aic.l, the li st o f suc h fata l it ies wou l d be considerably greater th a n i t is .

On ce aga in , t h e first a id is never off duty, an d, if t h e n ecess i ty a ri ses, he is ever ready to ap pl y hi s k n Olv l edge, seek in g no recompense bUl the satisfact ion of having relieved those 111 di st r ess

HOLIDAYS AND FI R ST A I D

T HE Fi rst A i de r is ne ver off dut y . H e n ever knows wh e n o r u nd e r w h at ci r c um s t a n ces i t m ay b e hi s l o t to a p p l y th e skill an d kn ow l e d ge w hi c h h e h as acquire d in th e c our se of h is am bu lance st ud ies

T h e h o lid ay seaso n is n ow i n f u ll sw in g , and many a mbul a nc e wo rk e r s a w ay fr o m h o m e h av e been in st rum e nt a l 1n a lle v i a tin g s u ffer i n g b y affor din g tim e l y fir s t aid to their f e llo w holid aymake rs, who se injuri es , but f o r th e as si s t a nc e rende r e d, mi g ht h av e b e en furth e r co mplic a t e d or poss i b ly (as in case s wher e prompt a ppli cat i o n o f artific i a l r e spir a ti o n is r e quir e d ) t.h e ir li ves l os t.

When w e l eave d es k o r \york s hop for our annua l holida y , one naturall y d es ir es a g eneral relaxa tion fr o m th e ir custom a ry a ctiviti es , but one must a lw ays be pr e p a red to rend e r ass is t a nc e when requ i re d.

U nf o rtun a tel y it a pp e ars to b e a ll t oo tru e that the ex ub e r a n c e o f th e h o lid ay s pirit lea d s to a reck less n ess 'whi c h is a unn ecessa r y as i t dep lorabl e

There is a pathetic monotony about holida y

TrrIs month's lssue of FIRST 0 1J R AID marks the 36th year of i ts 3 6T H YEAR. career, and, judging by the letters of app rec iation ,ve constantly r ece iYe f ro m a ll oyer the world, we feel sure that w e are l ivi n g up to our object of helping those who a r e engaged in thc u nselfish and YOhlllt -1.ry wo rk o f te ndi ng to the needs of the inj urec.l. First A id wo rk h as made great progress during recent yea r s, a n d to - day every industrial company has a l a rge pro p o r t ion of their employees qualified to g ive fi r st a id to the injured. Year after year the numb e r g ro ws, b ut still more and more men and wo m e n a re wanted to he l p shoulll the necessity a n se .

\i\Tith th is, th e a n nive r sary n urn ber, we desire t o t ende r our wa rm est thanks to all those who ha\ e ass is t e d US in m aki n g FIRST AID so useful and in st ruc t ive t o its readers

Th e 44 t h (Acto n ) Di\ ision, S.J -\ B., re-opened their dr essing stat ion i n Acton Vale on J uly 6th for continuous d ay li g ht se n ice.

3' e

T he ann u a l ambu lance cOll1pe titil)n in conn e ction \\ ilh t h e :\I essrs Pease a n d Partners, Ltd. , mines ill a nd Durham, was h e ld at Saltburn on Saturelay, June 15th . Dr. GI'a \ , of Hart lepool, and Dr. :\1. Buchan <lll, of D a rling-to n , T he a vards were as fol1o\\"s: - 1, Skinning ro\' e A; 2 All erto n Vi ctory B ; 3, R od d ymoor C; 4, Fishburn ; 5 , Skinnin grove B ; 6, C h ilto n C.

Order of st. John.

TIlE Grand Priory in the British Realm of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. J ohn of J erusalem. held its annual festintl 011 Jun e 24th, the feast of St. J ohn the Baptist.

The procession from the Chancery at Sl. J ohn's Gate to the Grand Priory Church, Clerkenwell, was a piece of brilliant pageantry.

The Grand Prior (the Duke of Connaught), in his robes, was preceded by the Chapter-General and Chapl a in s of the Order and the choir of hi s Majesty' - Chapels R oyal, in scarlet. The standard and the cross of the Order were carried in front of the Chapter (the former by District Officer H. A. J. \Vri gg es\\"orth, and the latter by Captain A. N. Cahusac). After the Chapter-General came the Chancellor (Sir Aylmer Hunter-"Weston) and the Sub-Prior (the Earl of Scarborough), and then, with the Sword of the Order borne before him by Captain E. 'vV. Goldsworthy, walked the Grand Prior, "with his esq uires-in-waiting.

Traffic in Clerkenwell "vas h e ld up for some minutes to allow the procession to pass into the church There the ser"icE' was taken by the rector (the Rev. T. C Elsdon), and the sermon was preached by Prebendary Percival, a Chaplain,

After the en' ice the General Assembly of the Order was held in the Chapter House at St. John' s Gate, the Grand Priol- presiding.

Poisoning From Coal and Exhaust Gases.

By G. CLARK TROTTER, l\l .D ., F.R.S., Edin. Medical Officer of Islington.

(Conti1lued from page 3I9),

CARBON MONOXIDE generated owing to d efect i"e fittings and consequent imperfect combustion of household gas is a frequent and serious cause of acute poisoning, and also of chronic ill-health Sometimes the "poisoning" takes an obscure and not easily identified form. L et an instance which occurred in Islington this time last year, be related.

A telephone message was received stating that the staff of a large establishment had been taken sudden ly and seriollsly ill after partaking of milk, the only food used in common. Upon examining the remaining portion of the milk and going into the d eta ils related, it was appare nt that the milk could not possibly have been the cause of the illness. The illness consi ted of palpitation, sicknE'ss, a fee lin g of faintness, and splitt ing headaches, with a rapid pulse, affecting six ,\-omen and a man No sme ll could be detected, but upon expert examination of the gas fittings in the premises, in all ten leaks, whi ch could actually be were found. Two of the e leaks were considerable. The gas heated boiler in the premises had a flue \-vhich to all intents and purposes was inoperative. The whole of the burned gases escaped into the basement. The day previous had been foggy, a nd the door of the premises bad been seldom opened, neither bad the windows been opened, nor ventilators used. H ere was illness which might at first b een ascribed to " food poisoning," but the milk was 1'lbo ve s u s picion. The occupier had no idea that there was any gas leakage Further confirmation of a considerab e leakage was, that after overhau l it was found that the gas bills showed a marked reduction.

Faulty position of gas fittings -A common so ur ce of trouble at the present time is the custom of fitting gas cookers

A I D. July, 1929.

in un s uit a bl e positions. Cases are known ."here these have bee n fixed on lan din gs. Th ese cookers, a lth o u gh provid ed at the back or s ide with a n opening for the purpose, are seldom venti late d to t h e open air. Very frequently indeed the cleanliness of the gas cooker is not considered by the h ouse _ h o ld er. At one time- in pre-war days-the gas company would c h a n ge a hired gas cooker, and there was a mean of gett in g a clean one fOl- a dirty one, but this opportunity has now ceased. Apart from the d anger of a. tap being left s li g htl y on, the want of ventilation of even a gas cooker m a k es an apprec iab le difference in the purity of the air in an apart ment.

Dan ger from geysers and water-heatcrs. - I wa s cons ult e d recently by a Medical Officer of a l arge public dispensary. Th e dispenser had complain ed of very frequent headaches, and he asked if I wou ld go into the matter of the geyser used for heating the water. This had been ventilat ed into h e breast of an existing firep lace chimney. The Medical Officer stated he had had it recently inspect ed by the gas company's officials, who had pooh-poohed the id ea t h at it was not properly ventilated I found that the chimn ey had a lou vre ventilator from the room at the side Quite evi d ently this chim n ey, when the water -h eater was in u sc, did not" d raw" and the exhaust from the geyser came back through this venti lator into the room. Th e re was qui te a good position to put the geyser in an adjoining large dru g c upb oard with an open window ventilating outside, and I recommen d ed that the geyser should be rE'moved to this position and the shelving and the drugs placed in the geyser's present position. There was thus got an admirable positi on for the geyser, ventilated to the open air, and the c upb oard door would shut it off fron1. the working apartment.

I hazard the opinion that if the same care and assiduity were displayed in choosing the proper position for gas fittings as is displayed in the sale of gas, we would have fewer of these incidents occurring

Quite recently an Islington doctor just mannged to sa\'e the lite of a lad who became unconscious from carbon monoxide given off from a gas copper which was u ed to supply the hot water for the bath. This copper was not ventilated to the outside air in any way, and as the weather was cold, the door and window had been kept closed. A g-reat dang er, which n eeds all the emphasis it is possible to give arises from the l ack of knowledge of the precautions nece ssary in using a geyser or water heater. In these appliances, in which the burning, or rather the attempted burning, of any gaseo u s mixture containing carbon takes place, there may be an imperfect oxidisation and formation of carbon mon oxide. Th e danger ever pre se nt in such highly efficient w ate r apparatus as geysers can apparently never be overcome with certainty, even by arrangements intended to lead the products of combustion outside the building, an absolut ely necessary precaution. The very small bathrooms now prov id ed in flats certa inl y add to the danger of poisoning.

Simple rules wh ich shou ld be observed.-AUempt has been made of late to issue warnings as to the careful management of geysers and water heaters, an d the following s u ggestions have been put forward with a view to preven ting regrettable acc id ents

1. Open the window a little at the top and leav e the door wide open while the water is heating.

2. Undress in the bedroom, and on entering h e bathro om t urn out the gas before commenc in g to bathe.

3. H ang on the door a notice to say "occ upi ed" rather t h an bolt the d oor

Gas is, ind eed, one of our most va lu able of our mod ern household conveniences, labour saving, du stless and smokeless, a most va lu ab e asset in any household, but, as has been shown, if careless ly used, ca u ses ill-health and even fatal poisoning. It is inadvisable to u se any considerab le amount of gas by cooker or otherwise without having efficient 'en tilation to the outside air.

The First Aider, when dealin g with a case of fainting, n-

July, 19 29 . FIRST accounted-for sickness, or eve n h eadache, will, if these notes arc kept in mind, think of the possibilities of "gas" poisoning. I vent ur e to s u ggest with the knowledge of wl:at has been put forward (even WIthout the exc u se of some !11nesS for which to commence the investigation) if the gas tlLLings in many houses were to come under investig-ation, a fair proportion wou ld be found to show small l eaks

Cannot something be done to cure the genera l apathy and stimu late users of gas to give up their attitude of careless indifference? Here is a new activity for the First Aider.

Medical Comforts Depots.

Specially Contributed (Concluded from paKe 32 I.)

VVE now come to the main object of this article, and that is the consideration of economy in the stocking of a Depot. I n 01 del' to ;urive at definite conclusions, all the stock was listed a nd the number of times eac h c lass of article was issued was en tered against the item for each year; including, of co urse, re-issues. This table gave totals at the end of eac h line for issues, for each article, over a period of four years Th e totals then gave grand total, of served out during the four years of the Depot s eXIstence.

Each total was then reduced down to a percentage of the gran d total, and gave the following interesting comparison.

Bed-pans are an easy first at 22 per cent.-every bedridden case needs this commodity When purchasing bedpans it is well to bear in mind that, if procured from Headquarters, they are upplied the crest of the. on them, thereby ensuring aga1l1st loss. BronchItIS kettle s co me second with 121 per cent.-the call for these may have been due to a sharp spe ll of cold weat her, and should not be taken a a true compari on. These kettl e are found to be rather a bad investment, although a real necessity. They arc often returned in a s hocking condition, and, frequently, just in the state in 'w hi c h they are taken from the fire, w!thout even soot being brushed from them. Before plac1l1g them into stock they must be carefully cleaned and dried, otherw ise ru t will cause l eakage the nest time they are issued

Air rings are third with 12 per cent.-another necessity for those bed-ridden. Bed rests are fourth with 10 per cent. -t hese allow a patient to be raised to any angle in bed and afford great relief to long tedious bed cases. Hot water bottl es stand next at 7t per cent. Rubber bottles must be purchased for many of the calls recei,' ed, but they are a consta nt source of trouble and danger. Borrowers freq uently fill them with boiling water, causing the rubber to perish and then d anO"er results from scalding the patient. s he ts next with 7 per article likely to peri s h \' cry quickly.

Urinals are se\ enth at 5i per ce nL, and it is only due to ignorance of their u se in a sick room that they do not stand sq ual with bed-pans. Much discomfort may be saved a patient in bed if one of these utensils is passed in between the bed clothes. The usc of a bed-pan is liable to di st urb bot h the patient and the bedding, when possibly on ly a uri nal is neces sa ry at the time

Feeding cups are next at 5 per i s on ly neede d for the worst of cases and " here the patient cannot sit up to take nourishment. Cr u tches are ninth on t h e li st wit h 3t per cenL; next, 2t per ce nt.! cradles, 2i per cent; and all' pdlows come twelfth WIth 10£ per cent. The remaining articles on the list, such as air or \Vate r beds, syringes, pneumonia jackets, sput um

A I D. 3

thermometers, etc ., arc all mostly under 1 per cent., :Uld, III co n seq u ence, are difficult to classify in their relati\ 'c Imp ortance

The main deductions to be made frol11 this analysis of figure s are, in the first in stance', the first calls l11adp il Depot will be for those requisites for a bed-ridden patient and a large number of bed pans, air rings, bed rests, hot water bottles, mackintosh shcets, and urinals should be the first consideration when starting Later, such articles as bronchitis kettles, feeding cup, crutches, bath chairs, bcd cradles, water beds, clinical thermometers, syringes, etc., can be purchased as calls and finances permit, but always bear in mind the question of renewals an d breakages of those articles most vital.

Without doubt, the ignorance di splayed by the publi c as to the proper usc of many of the articles stocked in these Depots is re sponsib le for much damage done ,,"hich could easily be avoide d by an enthusiastic officer-in-charge. A few tactful hints as to the correct manner in which to fill a rubber hot water bottle will save pounds in the course of a year. A gentle reminder that rubber air or water beds should not be returned to the Depot complctely emptied of their contents may prevent adhesion of two sides of the bag with longer life for that expensive article. A clinical thermometer is a real problem to use unless some practical suggestions are offered at the time of issue and some of them cause real heart-burnings before they can be shaken back to 95. Bronchitis kettles are not provided with long spouts in order that the steam emitted can reach direct to the patient's throat, but to diffuse steam in the room These points may appear out of place to anyone trained in home nur ing, but they are not so where ignorance is concerned and this brings me to my final remarks.

I t is surprising what confidence is placed in the uniform of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. The Lady-Supt.-inCharge should a lway wear her uniform when on duty at the Depot. I have seen cases, times without numb e r, where borrowers have refused to be sen'ed \\'ith their neE'ds until the "little nurse in uniform" is disengaged. In conclusion, there is no neces ity to remind member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade for what the eight points of the "White Cross stand, but it is just a<: "well to remember that, ,,,hen in uniform, they are always respected by those in distress.

Binding Copies of "F.A."

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Brzgade Dzst7'zct Reports.

No. (Prince of Wales') District.

Central Arca held its fifth Annual Church Paradc on June 23rd, at St. Clcments Danes by kind invitation of J:{ector, thc Re\,. PennlI1gton Bicldord, .M.A. The ASSIStant Commissioner, Dr. Corbet Fletcher, was in command of thc 350 mcmbcrs of Ambulancc, Nursing and Cadet Divisions \\"ho ,,"crc on paradc.

The church was crowded, and among the I'isitors were members of The Order, Colonel J. T W. Perowl1e and Mr. 11. VV. Fineham, members of the Headquarters Staff Colonel G. A. l\loore, and Mrs. Lancelot Dent, R.R.c., members of District Staff, Colonel F. A. Brooks, l\l.D., l\Iiss Ridcout, Lady l\lountgarrett, l\1r. Burton, lady representatives of Brigade Oyerseas from IndIa, A ustraha, Canada and South Africa.

The Commissioner, Coloncl Brooks and County Surgeon Kenneth F. Lund, read the lessons. The Rev. Edgar Rogers, O.RE., M.A., Chaplain of the Order, pre ac hed an inspiring sermon in which he paid tribute to the \Y o rk of the Brigade.

Then followed the impressive ceremony of conseCl-ating the Brigade Standard, which Central Area is proud to know is the first in Io. 1 District. Receiving the Standard from the Asst. Conul1ander, the Priest took it, blessed it and delivered it to the keeping of District Officer T. McBride, Wll0 \,"as escorted by a Colour Guard of Six, consisting of 2 Superintendents, 2 Ambulance Officers, a private and Nursing Sister, dra\\-n from Ambulance and Nursing Divisions of Central Area.

After the service the Mayor of Westminster, l\layor T. E\'ans, who was accompanied by the Asst. Chief Commissioner, the Registrar of The Order and the Lady Superintendent of Brigade OYerseas, inspected the parade and congratulated members on their smart appearance . The parade ended with a short route march, accompanied by the District and Shorcditch Sih"er Bands.

LEWISIIA:\L-An interesting display of first-aid was given recently by the Lewisham Division at the headquarters, Hither Green Station, when the first annual competition took place for the Silver Challenge Cup which has been presented to the Division by Alderman E. W. Hayes, J.P., for the purpose of encouraging the members in the work of first-aid to the inj ured.

Four teams entered the contest) and after being judged by Corps Supt. A. J. Green (team test) and Corps Officer P. Betts (individual) the winners were T. Palmer, H. Buller) G. Gidden and G. Arthey (captain).

Supt. Smith thanked Alderman and Mrs. Hayes for their kindness in coming to witness the competition, and referred to the support given the division by the various ladies and gentlemen connected ·with the borough.

Alderman Hayes thanked the division for giving his wife and himself the opportunity of witnessing the competition, which had proved very instructive. He assured the division that it was a great asset to the borough and a source of usefulness.

The then presented the cup to winners, congratulat111g the team on their work, and hoped that the trophy would be incentive to promote still more friendly rivalry.

The proceedings closed with a hearty vote of thanks to Corps Supt. Green, Corps Officer Betts) Ambulance Officer .C:arpenter, and Div. Supt. Smith, who arranged the competltlOn,

On Saturday, June 15th, an interesting event t.ook place at the Medical College of the London HospItal, vVhitechapel Road, E.1. Ambulance Officer I-lan-is of No 30 Division, S ].A.B., 'Nas the recipient of a silv er watch, suitably inscr ibeu and a wallet containing' no tes which was the surplus of donations receiyed. A pair of turned oak candlesticks for Mrs. Harri s was also presented.

Supt. Hatley, was the Chairman) and gave a short r es ume of the work done by Mr. Harris. By t he kind permission of Prof. William \iv right (the Dean of the Ho spital) Mr. Harris started to conduct sma ll parties of am bulance men round the Medical College for the purpose of instruction. The classes became so popular that 1928 he lectured to 200 nursing sisters and approximatel y 2,000 men of the S.J.A.B., L.c.e. and :Metropolitan Polic e. This has been in addition to his usual duties at the Colleg e. The visiting parties have not been confined to London) anc1 many parties from the Provinces had attended the lecture s. Supt. Hatl ey then performed their presentation seryi ce, to which Mr. H arris suitably replied, following which a lecture by Ambulance Offic.e r Harris concluded the me etin o·.

I:>

••

As it is impossibl e for !\Ir. Harns to thank 111 persoll all persons who subscribed to his testimonial, Ambulanc e Officer Harris wishes us to offer to all collectively aneI indiyidually his sincere thanks and appreciation of their splendid testimonial. Both 1\1r. and Mrs. I-Iarris are deeply touched by this signal mark of appreciation and hono.ur.

No.2 District.

HENLEY.-Between 500 and 600 ambulance men , nurses and cadets, from divisions in Bucks, Berks, and Oxfordshire, were inspected by Maj or-General Sir Pe rcival vVilkinson (Chief Commissioner) at Harpsden Court, Henley-on-Thames, by kind permission of Lt.-Col. L. Noble (Knight of Grace), on Sunday, June 30th.

Major P. e. Darvil Smith was in command) assisted by Dr. A. G. Osborn.

The inspection concl uded) the companies filed to seat s provided in the enclosure opposite a baleonied entranc e to the house, in front of which \\'as arranged a pulpit for the minister conducting the service-the Rev. Edgar Rogers, C.B.E.) Chaplain of the Order of St. John. Th e Radio Company, Maidenhead, who supplied the incid ental music, also provided the music for the hymns, sLlch favourites and ever-appealing hymns being sung as: " J esu, lover of my souJ/' " 0 God our h e lp in ages pas t," " Onward, Christian Soldiers/' and" Abide with Me." The lesson was read by Lt.-Col. Noble, Knight of Grace, anel was taken from St Luke x.) 30-37.

The insp ecting officer, in a brief address, congratnlated the divisions on their appearance) and compliment ed the staff on what he termed a " perfect parade." He al so congratulated the area upon the progress which it h ad made, stressing the value of close co-operation with the parent society) in order to ensure the fullest efficiency.

The proceedings concluded with a march past of all ranks, Major-General Wilkinson taking the salute.

No. 3 District.

BIRMINGI-IAM.-The annual inspection of the Birmingham Corps took place on July 7th, on the sports ground of Birmingham University, the inspecting officer bei ng

July, 1929. FIR S T

Major-Gene ral Sir Percival Wilkinson (Chief C,?mmissioner). The parade, whIch numbered 44 officers, ?8 noncommissioned officers 406 other ranks, was 111 command of Corps Supt. Lleut. W. E. ;Ballard.

After a ,"cry thorough 1l1spectton by the General, during which. selecLions played by tIle Corps Band, a demonstratIon of first-cud was .gn'Cl1, and t11en, WIth soldier-like preCISIon, the compal11es marched past the sal ut ing base.

General vVilkinson, address1l1g the paradc, congratulated the corps ulJon their appearance and upon the excellent manner in which they hael marched past. , He spoke of the steady and satisfactory advance the were making ill this counLry. The Bngade, .sald, becoming more and more part of the publIC h.fe, and 111creasin')" demands were being made upon thell- SerYICes. To meet this position it was necessary that the.ir nUll:bers should be continually strengthened, and that theIr effiClency should be maintained.

Presentations were made by the General of a gold wristlet watch to Dr. J. H. Maberly, who recently resio·ned his position as Corps Surgeon, in appreciation of ;, the splendid work he has rendered to the Brigade," and of a clock to ex-Corps Sergeant-l\laJor G. " for the splendid work he has done for the Blrmmgham Corps while in occupation of his post."

GRESLEY.-O\ er 200 members attended the annual Church Parade and Field Day of No.3 Eastern at Church, Gresley, on Sunday, when they were 111spected hy the Asst. Commissioner G. F. Brown,. of Loughborough.

Seven divisions took part 111 chvme serVIce at the Parish Church, conducted by the Vicar (the ReI'. E. F. F. Desparel), assisted by the Rev H.

The lesson was read by Pnvate F. L. S llnk 111, of the Gresley Colliery Diyision.

Thc field operations were conducted on the Lower Ground and were \\ atched with keen interest by a large crowd spectators. Supt. Atkins was in s-eneral charge, anel the divisions marched from the colhery hea?e.d by the drum and bugle band of the Loughborough DIVISlOl1, led by Supt. K ash.

The o·cneral salute \vas played on the arnval of the Assistant I:> Commissioner, who inspected the ranks, and afterwards took the salute as the divisions marched past in line and in column.

Squad drill by N.C.O.'s was followed by stret.cher drill and after a short rest) test cases were proVIded. It supposed that a 'bus smash had place, the " inj ured" were all laid out on walt1l1g for the first-aid men. On a signal be111g gl\'en) the stretcher parties rushed to the spot, and each " ': l-:ad. affi'(ed to his clothin o· a tao· stating· the nature of hIS 111Junes. In an incrediblyl:> short space of time the IC casualties" we,re tended to and carried to the "hospital" on the OppOSIte side of the field, where the Divisional Surgeon and the Sisters were waiting.

Tea was sen'e el subsequently in Gresley Drill Hall.

LEICESTER.-Members of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions of St. John Ambulance Associa.tion in Coalville and Hinckley centres held then annual 111spection at the Mao·azine Leic ester, on June 29th.

They a smart turn out in their and white twiforms, and tbei r parade in the l\1ag·azme attracted a o·ood deal of attention. The Ambulance Drnsions were of 257 men.

The inspection was carried out by Col. George .A. I\loore, Deputy Chie f Commissioner, who was accompamed hy the Chairman, Mr. Wortley Lovell.

AID. 5

NO.4 District.

KESWICK.-The Keswick Centre held a garden party on Thursday evening, June 27th, in the grounds of Dr. Burnett's home) Riverholme, Keswick, kindly put at their disposal by Dr. and 1Irs. Burnett. There \\as a large attendance and an enjoyable time \\'a s spent in the grounds. Dr. Burnett presided, and ccrtificates gained by the members were presented by Lady Rochdale, ·who appealed for students to come forward and join the Nursing Division and Ambulance Brigade. Supper \vas provided by the Keswick St. John Ambulance Association. The rest of the evening was spent in playing games and competitions.

No. 5 District.

NOTTINGIIA)'1.-The presentation by Dr. H. \\". Spaight, in 1927, of a silver cup to the Nottingham corps has resulted in a keen competition among the different detachments. This year 11 teams competed for the cup, and the finalists) the Band team and Cinderhill, contested the final on the Forest, on June 16th.

The contest provided an interesting display for a number of sightseers The finalists ·were teams who figured well down the list in last year's competition and in scoring 85 points against 7-1- by Cinderhill, the Band team became ncw holders of the trophy. In addition each individual winner was presented with a pewter mug.

Dr. Spaight himself judged the competition) the test comprising the treatment of a supposed "casualty "-a doctor who in stepping from his car, slipped and fractured his kn'ee-cap. Each t.eam advanced to the "patient," rendered first-aid treatment) and removed him for conyeyance to hospital. The whole had to be performed \\ ithin a specified period.

The Sheriff of ottingham (Ald. VV. Green), presenting the cup and prizes, was pleased to think that the St. John Ambulance Brigade was at the service of citizen. He spoke in appreciative terms of the sport111g spirit displayed, and expressed the hope that the defeated te am ,,-o uld go one better next year.

The Nottingham Corps, together with the Stapleford Ambulance and Nursing Dil"isions, celebrated St. John's Day iJy holding a drum-head seryice on the All ranks numberin o· between 400 and JOO) paraded under the of Asst. Commissioner A. B. Gibson. Corps Surgeon and Supt. H. VV. Spaig:ht \\-a s second command, and Lady District Officer 1\11SS was charo·e of the N Divisions. Corps Officer Ratchff acted as adj utant.

The service was conducted by the Rey. J. Walton (St. Leodegarius', Old Basford), assisted by the Re\,. F. '.V. Darr (Vi esleyan Chapel, Sherwood), who base.d an appropriate address on the parable of the Good Samantan; the ReI". '.V. Cammell (Baptist Tabernacle), offered prayer, and l\Iajor Sutton (International Headquarters of the Sail-ation Army), who rea? the lessollr The bands in attend8.l1ce were the SalvatlOn Army No. 1 and the Norton Street Lads' Club.

MANSFIELD.-An impressive demon of the strength of the o. 5 District (N Area) took place on Sunday, J nne 30th, ,,·hen the eIghth annual Church Parade and Sen'ice was held 1\Iansfield. The sen ice coincic1.ec1 with the Patronal FestIval .. and \vas held at St. l\Iark's Church where thc Bi hop of Soutlnnll (Dr. H. :0Ioslev) Qreached.

__

Kearly 600 officers and men paraded nnde! t\e mand of As t. Commissioner A. n. Gd).ol1: The nrsll1:" Di,·isiol1s \\"ere commanded by Lady DIstrict Officer :0lt s Gibson. fi leI B ·t· 1

There were three bands on parade: l\Ians e n IS 1

Legion, Welbeck Drum and Fife and N ewstead Bugle Band.

The Mayor (Ald. J. A. Beck) J.P., c.c.), accompanied by the members of the Corporation and chief officials, walked in procession to the church.

The church was crowded to its utmost capaClty when the service commenced, chairs being requisitioned to seat the members of the general public. Scriptural readings were given by Div.-Supt. W. N. Stansfield and Div.-Surgeon Darley and the hymn) "0 God, our help in ages past," containing four verses written by Div.-Supt. G. E. Hardy, was sung. Then followed the National Anthem, and the hymn "God bless our native land," while the choir rendered the anthem" I vow to thee, my country."

The Bishop of Southwell, in an inspiring sermon on the meaning of Christianity, gave as his text the 24th and 25th verses of the 12th chapter ot St. John.

After the service the procession was reformed and

A I D. July, 1929.

Mr. Gibson in a most eloquent manner placed befor e the meeting the aims and obj ects of the "Order" with special r eference to the scope of work which would be expected from such a formation as was proposed that morning. The village of Radcliffe being situated on such an important road from Nottingham and also having in close proximity the Fosseway, called for men who wer e unselfish eno ugh to give up their leisure to the l earning and application of "First-Aid," should their services be r equired. The road scheme undertaken by the S.J.A.A. w as a service to mankind and was only following the magnificent example of those early brethren of the Order of St. John, who, in the year 1048, undertook to protect pilgri ms travelling to the Holy Land. He also explained the position of a member of the Order and his us efu lness in such a village as Radcliffe. The enthusiasm of Mr. Gibson for the Order and his attachment to the work covering many years added greatly to the success of the meeting.

Dr. Towers undertook the duty of lecturer: stating that when the class had been through the necessary training, he hoped that they would become attached to th e .. Brigade)) and, as uniformed members, take part in such llseful and required work

Mr. Richmond, who had been a member of the S.J.A.A. since 1898 was elected chid of the "Class" and wi ll become Superintendent of the division when formed. Mr. \V. N. l\Ioulds was elected to take over the duties as Secretary (pro. t.em).

Tweh'e men immediately gave their names as willing to join the class, when ir was unanimously decided to commence at once, Dr. 1m,vers suggesting the first lectur e be on the .following Sunday afternoon, with a practic al instructional class during the week

SIIEFFIELD.-On Jun e 16th, the Lord Mayor ot Sheffield Alderman H. Bolton) opened the n ew S.J.A.B. roadside hut at Fox House Inn.

For a long time past th e Brigade has provided a ten t for use as a dressing station during week-ends.

The material for the hut was provid ed by voluntar} subscriptions, and the hut was assembled voluntarily by Ambulance Brigade members. During the weekends th e station will be staffed by six Brigade members, who, wit h th e ambulance will he ready for any call that may be made upon them.

A large gathering of officers and members of th e Sheffield Corps and prominent Sheffield people who are upporters of the Brigaae and its work assembled for th e ceremony. The drum and fife band of the Corps was 11l attendance, and the paraae stood to attention for the general salute when the Lord Mayor arrived.

Col. Sir Charles Clifford presided, and praised the work of the members of the Ambul ance Brigade, whom he described as the Samaritans of the wayside.

July, 1929. FIRST

bulance Officer Graham as timeke eper. Eleven teams en tered and competition was very keen, only six marks separating the first three teams.

Hartington No.3 team won the shield with 100 marks out of a possible 125, and Warsop K o. 1 team came second with 97 marks; Staveley K o. 1 were third with 9+ mark.

WOMBwEL;L.-The Wombwell Division h eld sports and a ga la on June 29th.

In an ambu lance competition in the Kin g's Road School, 30 teams took part and a large number of spectators watched the proceedings.

Dr. Beverley) of Worsborou g h, was judg e and he had the assistance of other doctors.

The premier awards were :-

1, Denby Grange Colliery; 2) B a rnborou g h lVIain Coll iery (No.2); 3, Manvers Main Colliery (No.1)

Mr. W. H. Thompson) under manager at tIle J\Iitcllell

1'1ain Colliery, present ed the Championship Shield to the win ners. He emphasised the importance of ambulance wo rk in a mining district and said amb ul ance men and \\'omen \,vere of inestimab1.e value to a community.

WORSBOROUGII.-On Saturday, June 15 t h, the Worsl)orough Division was insp ected by Major L arge (York). The inspection took place at Kendal Green, where the men

A I D. 7

Coroner Graham presented the awards won durin o the year. The Sir Lind say Wood Cup and Medals handed over to the Elemore team by Mr. ]. F. Bell. The competitions resulted as follow:-

. Sir Lindsay Wood Cup and l\Iedals.-1, Elemore, 120 P0111ts; 2, El?pleton B) 118; 3, Hetton Colliery, 117; 4, Hazard CollIery, 114; 5, Helton Engil1eworks 103' 6 Eppleton A, 100. "

Individu a l Competition.-J. Forster.

J ARRow.-The imp ortance of shipyard ambulance work and the hop e of an increased membership in Palmers Shipyard Ambulance Corps was stressed on J nne 20th at the presentation of the Palmer Shield and medallions whi.ch are competed for annually.

Col. D. R. l\IacDonald, gene ral manager, Palmers' Company, made the presentation, and he \\"as supported by Mr. J. Beck) Secretary, Palmer Company; l\Ir. F 'Wi lson, outside manager, J arrow shipyard; Dr. ]. Hyslop, Dr. Klcr, and l\Ir. Harry Hunting, Superintendent of the corps.

The winning team was C. Mullen, \V 1\Inllen, T. Monaghan, P. Cunningham and W. Worley, and the runners-up, who also r eceived medallions, were :-J. Ferris, J. Caine, J. Smith, ]. Robson and J. Mariner.

Col. MacDonald said he represented J\Ir. A. B. Gowan,

The l\1ayor of Mansfield, the Lord Bishop of South"vell and Asst. -Commissioner A. B. Gibson at the recent 1\0. 5 District Demon st ration.

march ed back to the Market Place the Bishop of Southwell accompanying the Mayor. J

Asst. Commissioner Gibson, speaking from the Town Hall steps, thanked the Mayor and members of the Corporation Jar their presence. He also wished to thank the Lord Bishop for being with them.

The Mayor and Lord Bishop suitably replied.

RADcLlFFE-oN-TRENT -A meeting was held at Radcliffe-on-Trent on June 23rd, 1929} in the Co-Operative Hall, when the proposed formation of a "First-Aid was considered. Mr. S. H. Richmond was in the chaIr, supported by Asst. Commissioner A. B. Gibson, Dr, Town§j Div.-Supt. F. Wilson Moulds and others,

The Lord Mayor was men presented with the k eys of the hutment by Staff-Sergt. Filby and opened the door.

Proposing thanks to all who had assisted in the effort to establish the station Mr. Hamer Russe1l (Corps Sup erintendent) acknowled ge d tl1e J2:ooclwill shown in the matt er by the Sheffield City CounciL -

The vote was seconded by Dr. F. S. Hardy (Cor ps Surgeon).

Within a couple of nour s of th.e opening of the stati on, the Ambulance Brigade men were caned upon to deal wi th two accidents.

STAVELEY.-About 4UU members of the Staveley Coa l and Iron Company's Ambulance Corps had an enjoyab le camp at Blackpool, for eight days. During their stay the the competition for the Staveley Co.'s Ambulance Ch all enge Shield was held on Thursd ay morning, the arran gements being in the hands of Corps Officer Hudson, As st. Commissioner H. C. Chambers, acting as judge) and Am -

\\ ent through gas warfare, preparation of camp, including field cooking, and tent pi tching, the erection c:>f an operating theatre, and the conducting of an operatIOn.

Following tea at t he Ambulance H a ll, Worsborough Bri dge, Brigadier-General Sandys spoke of the enth usiasm and keenness which always characterIsed th e wor k of the vVorsborough Division. He \varmly complimente d the members on their efficiency.

Captain O. K. Buxton said it was a pleasure to to hear the division commended by such an authOrIty as Gene ral Sandys.

No. 6 District.

HETToN.-On Saturday, June 29th, Coroner John Graham, who will be 96 years of age next month) an active part in the presentation of awards follow1l1g the ann ual competitions. Mr. Graham) who is Englanel ' s oldes t Coroner, made an interesting speech.

The competitions took place at a garden party, hc1.d by the Brigade in the grounds of Betton House, the reSIdence of Dr. A. S. Watson.

Alderman T. R. Clish, who presided, emphasised the necessity of first-aiel knowledge among miners.

managing director, who regretted his inability to be present as he greatly appreciated the work of the corps. Palmcrs' Corps wa inaugurated 16 years ago) pnor to which ambulance work in J a rrow was carned on by the Singleton Corps, which dated as far back as 40 The whole essence of ambulance "'ork was domg good for their fellow "'orkm en and also for themselves. Ambulance work was very essentia l in shipyards and he hoped the corps would prosper and more mcn would. be encouraged to join. It was up to t he men to do thIS.

Dr. Hyslop and Dr. Klcr also spoke and the hope that the corps would increase t?ember.sll1p. 1\1r. H. Bamboro, D ep uty Capta1l1, 111 mOV1l1g a .;rote of thanks to the doctors, Col. 1\lacDonald and the patien t," sail th ey were all pleased to bear tha t 1\1r. Gowan was one of the first to take up ambulance \\'ork on the river and they were very grateful to manaO'ement of the firm for the great int erest took 111 the corps. Referring to the doctors, he had never approached the doctors of the tovm 111 yam.

JEWC\STLE-ON- TYNE.-A memorable in the 1,istory of I o. VI District was the DIstrIct Church

The Sheriff of Nottingham at the" Sp a ight" Cup prese ntation.

FIRST

IJarade, held 011 Sunday, June 30th, \\ hich took the form of a Drum-Head Servic.e on thc Town 1100r, N ewcastle011- Tyne. The site choscn lay immediately outside the grounds of the orth-East Coast Exhibition, and of especial interest was the famous Tew Zealand carillon, which was ca11.ed into service.

The Parade, numbering approximately 1,150 men and 250 nurses, was drawn up in hollow square formation, and the Deputy Lord l1ayor of Newcastle (Alderman R. H. l1illican), with J\Iiss Millican) took up a position behind the drums, with l1ajor A. Hammersley Johnston (Acting Commissioner o[ the District), Asst. Comm issioner Captain J. Anderson, Asst. Commissioner Stanley Embleton, Sir Thomas OliYer, Admira l '\IV. F·. Slayter, Col. W. C. Blackett, J\Ir. John Graham (the veteran Corone r ), Col. Woodbury Thompson, County Alderman T. F. Brass, and J\Ir. J. R. Andrews (Chairman of the Stewards' Committee of the Freemen).

The Colour Party (composed of District Officer G. R. Curry, Corps Supt. H. Bartrop (Hull Corps), Corps Officer C. S. Brown (Derwent Valley Corps), Sergeant J. W. Stobbs (Gateshead Fell Division, North Durllam Corps), and Sergeant Wilson (Houghton-Ie-Spring Division), was up 111 the centre of the squarc, anel the Rcv. C. N. Middleton Evans, H.C.F.,! of Iroly Trinity Church, 1, esmond, began the. service with si.nging of the ]lyn.ln, o God, Help 111 Ages Pas t. ThiS was accompanled by the canllon, and the vast concourse of approximately 20,000 people took up the singing with fervour. "The White Cross of St. John," to the tune of " Sandon/' was echoed over the Moor. The bel1s also ]ed the sino'in o of I 1 "TI b • t le next lOU, to whom the sick and dying."

Follow111g upon the sermon, came the dedication and presentation of new Colours for the No. VI District.

The.se were over to. District Officer G. R. Curry, by Actmg Commissioner Major Hammersley Johnston and Asst. Commissioner Stanley Embleton.

The Parade, led by the Heworth Collierv Prize Band and the Newcastle Imperial PIpe Band, proceeded to Prudhoe Street for dismissal.

SUXDERLAND.-The competition for the Charles Cook Challenge Shield, which is held in connection with the Sunderland .Eastern Division, took place on Saturday, .Tulle I? the Green Terrace School. After a very ll1terest111g display of first-aid work hy the yarious teams, Corporal H. R. Gray's team were declared the winners. The of .the winnin?: team \\'ere :-H. R. Gray (Capta111), N. F. Chlsholme, A. Leonard, and W. They gamed a total number of 235 points out of a pOSSIble 266. The Shield was formally presented by ::\1rs. C. Cook.

, Wr-IITBY.- :;Vlembers of the Whitby Division of the East Carlin How Division of the St. J ohl1 Al;nhulance Bngade turned out in good numbers at the cn,c.ket Lane, Whitby, on June 16th, for a FIeld Day by A. Hammersley Johnston, O.B.E., .HuII) Actmg CommlsslOner of No.6 District. or Johnston visi.ted an expel:imental fully equipped h.1 st-ald on the GUlsborough hIgh road in the mornmg and evmced much interest in the organisation of the hut and the men for duty.

In the afternoon, after t]le inspection and march past a of " cases" were staged in various parts of cllcket field. All \: ere stretcher cases except the few and c1ressJl1g cases, including those of the Nurs11lg DIVISlOl1.

1\Iajor TohnstOI1 congratulated the members on their work and exprcssed the pleasure it gave him to see so many on parade.

Re Ferring: tt} the work done hy thc 111(1111)crs on the llH; hways, !le said the public realiscd that tllose \\'ho often reqUIred were those out for pleasure,

A I D. July, 1929.

\\ ' hile the ambulance men were sacrificing their pleasure for duty. After all it was living up to the molto of the order, I. Not self but service."

No.8 District.

ASI-IFoRD.-l\lajor-General Sir Percival Wilkinson inspected the Kent units of the St. John Ambulance Brigad e at Ashford on June 16th. He was met at the railw ay tabon by the local Council, the District Officers' Brigad e, and by the Ashford Ambulance Corps under Supt. Miles \\ ho formed a guard of honour. After a visit to hospital, Sir Perciyal vVilkinson went to thc War :.\Iemorial GarcIens and laid the wreath of the Order on th e Cenotaph.

Sir Percival was the guest of the town at luncheon at the County Hotel) where a further civic wclcome w as by Mr. out ham and Sir Charles Igglesden. ReplYll1g, th .e Gcneral said his welcome that day showed how far the Brigadc had reached in attaining its obj ecL

The Rcnew took place in Ed\\'ick Road, where clo se upon 1,200 men, nurses, and cadets were lined up. Th e General passed up thc long ranks and took the salute from the dais in the centrc, as the parade marched past to th e 111 usic of seycral bands.

enits on parade came from Ashford) Tunbridge Well s, BOl!ghtoll, Chatham Ramsgate, Greenstreet, '\Vhitstabl e, l\Ialcistol1c, Do\'cr, .R.) Folkestone S.R. Doddinoton Sittingbourne, Isle o[ Sheppy, Dove;', bury, Gravesenel and Northfteet Hern Bay Folkeston e Town, vVestgate) Deal and Walmer, S.R. , Qucenborough) Ra111sgate) S.R., Teynham, an d GIllll1gham.

The Church Sen ice at the Parish Church was conducted hy the Rc\ J. H. Roundhill in the absence of th e Vicar, the Rev. H. ,\V. Blackbl1rne, D.S.O., and other loc a l clergy. The address was gi\'en by the Rcv. C. H. S. of St. Peter's) Thanet.

The who1.e of the Brigades were afterwards entertamed to te.a, .and long-service medals were presented by ?hlkmson, wh? aftenyards expres ed his hi g h appreClatlOn of e\,erythll1g he had seen. II c remark ed that It was Jubilee, and referred to the [act th at ambulance bngade work really started in Asll ford, wher e the first stretcher and the first ambulance were mad e uncler the supervision of the t. John Briga de . The General cong!-atulated all on the magnificent servic es they were. and observed that they would increase thell-. s erVIces on the roads, where much could be done to 1"E:lteye suffering

Cheers were given for the General, and appreciati on e.xpressed of the work of the Ashford Committee an d DIstnct Commissioller Wrigglesv,orth (organiser).

BRr(;l[TOI\.-Th e County reyiew of the No.8 Distri ct was he.lel Oil ) ul), 7th. at Preston Park, Brighton, t he Officer bcmg Commis ioner E. A. Richar ds (KnIght of Grace). The Parade numbered about 300. A detachment of the Brighton Borough Police also to o k part.

The Tramways Band, under thc direction of Mr. R. played selections w]lile thc yarious evolution s V:' ere bemg and the inspection, hy \vhich tIme C;:ommlssloner Rlcharcls 11ad heen joined by thc l\1ay or 0.[ Bnghton (Alderman.H. l Ga lli ers. J.P.). The inspe ction over, the Mayor, Commissioncr Richards. Maj or W. H. F. oble (Assl tant C0111missioner for the Cou11 t \ of Kent), District Officer H. ]. \Vri ggleswo rlll, anc1 l\lr ; Felwesser p}strict Supcrintendent of No.8 District) tip theIr POSltlOll at thc saluting base while th(' C0111panIcs filed past. They then marched to the PrcstOll Pari-;h SI:l1rch, where a specia l crvice was conducted by the \ Icar (the Rev. Donald F. Campbe ll M.A.). The c01lec-

July, 1929. FIR S T

tion was on behalf of the County funds of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

Subsequently the Commissioner addressed the Parade, COJ1lJTatulating them upon their general turn-out, and also the excellence of their work during the year.

The local arrangements for the Parade was made by Co rps Supt. C. G yates) Corps Secretary i\. Vitler, and Co rps Sergeant-J\Iajor T. E. l\Iarsh.

HAsTlNGs.-The Hastings Division and the local Southern Railway Division and cadets were inspected at th e Central Cricket Ground, by Commissioner E. A. Richards. The men paraded in full kit, and after inspectin <)' the personnel, Commissioner Richards tested their efficiency in ambulance and foot drill. He also inspected th e three motor and the record books, and expr es sed himself well satisfied with the appea:ance of the Didsion and congratulated the men on their smartness and efficiency .

Supt. G. Hazelden French was in charge of the H a s t in g' s Diyisioll) Ambulance Officer O. Newman being in charge of the Railway Division.

Tt:NBRIDGE WELLs.-A large gathering of the public \1 t ncssed the fonnal opening by Commissioner E A. Ri chards on \Vednesday, June 26th, of the new headqu a rters of th e Tunbridge Wells Division. The building, \\h i ch is ituatecl in J\Ionson Road, was formerly the stat ion of the Tunbrido e '\Vells and District Steam Fire Bri g ad e , and it wa neatly decorated the occasion. Th e whole of the furniture had been gl\ en by members of the division; while the interior decorations were also th e \vork of the members.

The ceremony opened with the mounting of the guard of honour by the di\'ision. This was followed by an ins pec tion by Commissioner Richards. Subsequently the :\f ayor (Alderman J. B. Snell) J.P.) welcomed Commissio n e r Richards, Asst. Commissioner J\Iajor roble, Distr ic t Secr etary II. ]. Wrigglesworth, District Officer T. P ot ts and Lt.-Col. C. B. Palmer (Knight of Justice and P res ident of the Tunbridge Wells Division), who were pr esen t to takc part in the ceremony.

The l\Iayor said that the St. John Ambulance Brigade ill t h e town had clone mo t useful work for many years and was still urgently rcquired for an ambulance a,nd to carry 011 the good work and he took that opportu111ty oi a ppe aling to the residents of Tunbridge Wells to subscribe.

The flag' bearing the eig;ht pointed cross of St. John \\ hich ]lad been ginn by the Treasurer of the Division, :\Tr. Owen Norman) was then hoisted and unfurled from t he mast at thc entrance to the building.

COl111l1i ioner E. A. Richards pcrformed the formal ope ning' cercmony and congratulated tIle Superintendent, th e Officel s, the :-J.C.O.'s and the members of the Divisio n on haying acquired such excellent premiscs for their h ca do uarters.

The dcdication service by Canon A. W. Oliver followed.

C. '.0. Palmer moved a yote of thanks to the :\[ ayo1" and others had assisted in the ceremony He r emarked tliCi.t iast year tIle Division dcalt with 385 accid ents; the ambu l ance did a mileage of 4,521: while 53 Dublic dutie5 were also done by the Division. There were 97 cases of <..is, the puhlic were invited to inspect the hl1ilding:; while thc Division paraded to Skinncrs' School for their annual lf1spection., ",hic]l was performcd by Major J\Tohle.

No. 9 District.

BARNsTAPLE.-With a total score of 336 points, Bi'lil\s laple S. T.A.B. team on Saturday, Ju1y 6th, carried th.:. P e rrott Cup a.'Hl given by Lady Perrott, of "'Nith y-

A I D. 9 pool, near Taunton, for annual competition among St. John Ambulance teams within a 30-miles' radius of \Vithypool, and compe t eci for, [or thl: first time, on Saturday, at the Barnstaple Drillhall.

Fi ve teams took part and the IV inning side, \\' hich was called upon to carry out the test first) were closely shadowed for efficiency and smartness in team work by Minehead.

The arrangements w e re made by Sergeant F. O. icholls, of the Barnstaple Diyision, and the duty of totalling up the various points awarded \vas carried out by Supt. S. T. Kimmins (Lynton), Mr. C. E. Drewett (Barnstaple)) and l\1r ]. Shaddick (Barnstaple ) The judges were Dr. B. Courtney (Barnstaple), team work; and Drs. R. C. Gompertz (Barnstaple) and Dale (Hou s e Surgeon, North Devon Infirm a ry, Barnst a ple), indiyidual work. The Barnstaplc Divisional Surgeon, Dr. S. R. Gibbs, was timekeeper.

The teams and their points \v ere :-1, Barnstaple, 336; 2, l\Iinehead, 300; 3) Lynton, 26H; 4) Southmoltol1 , 2-1-2; 5, Withypool, 16n.

The J\Iayoress (l\Irs. G. F. A. \Vhitlock) pres e ntec1 the cup.

LrsKE.\RD.-The Annual Church Parade of the Cornwall Divisions was held at the Parish Church, Liskeard, on Sunday) June 23rd. About 250 officers and men were 011 parad e und e r the command of District Officer E. Trounson, of Rcdruth.

The Mayor of Liskeard H. J. Rule ) w e arin g hi s chain and robes of office, attended, accompanied by the Town Clerk, the mace-bearers and members of the Council.

The Mayor and Corpor a tion assembled at th e T o wn Hall and walked in procession to the Parade wh e r e th e l\Iayor presented l\lr. Troul1son with the insi g nia of the Venerable Order of St. John of J e rusal e m.

Headed by the Liskeard Sih' er Band, thc pr o ce s s io n then proceeded to the Parish Church, wh e re the service was conducted by th e \ Ticar (Rev. F. Rupert Mills) who gave a most impres s i\' e address. ReI'. H. D e\\'dn ey (Curate) read th e Ie SOI1 and a collection was mad e for th e County Benevolent Fund.

Srm.rouTH.- Sic.lmouth's motor ambulanc e w a s C",(1icated by the Vicar (Rev. C. K. \VooIIc o mbe)) on 18th

Explaining the obj ect of th e d edicati o n. R ev. S. F. Ha\\ kes, Chairman of the Local Committ ee, s a id t\\'o years ao'o a number of townspeople decid e d it \\-o uld b e g o od to have a section of St. John Ambul a nc e men working- in the Town. vVithin a year this section was formed Sllhsequently the Committee decided th e section \\ ould not do its work properly \\'ithout a motor ambulance, and consequently app]ied to headquar t ers. Th e am.hulance h a d now been deli\'erecl, but it could not he pnt 111tO g eneral use until it had llecn dcdicated.

General enthusiasm by the public had been shown. and this had been bac1.;:cd up by hard work by the Committee. The ambulance to St. Tohn h e adquarters. and Sid1110l1th \yould pay for its loan £20 p e r annum. This um would be accu1l1ulated so that it could he replac ed \\·hen the time became nec essary. Fees from patients would 0'0 to,,-ards the upkeep, as ,,-ould also special subHe expressed his gratitude to. all who had 1l1ade the proyision of the ambulance pOSSible} and ga\'e onr the car to Col. Balfour, on hehalf of headquart e.rs. Col. Balfour. accepting the car on behalf of Sldmouth and eli trict. said sllch a complete and up-to-dale a1111mlance Ilould he an asset to the to\yn. It said much for the few \\'ho started the movement that snch a car had arrivcd in so short a space of time. The larg'e g-atheril1O' , 110wed interest in the venture, which interest. he \\'ould always continue. He anticipat ed a great Qe1'\'ice of usefulness in the cause of suffenng.

The procecdings closcd with thc NaHona1 Anthem.

No. 10 District.

annual inspcction of Cromer Division was made by the Diyisional Surgeon (Dr. A. Burton) on Tuesday, July 2nd, at the \Varren Cricket Field . Therc ,,'erc 21 present in the charge of Di\"isional Supt. 'vV . H. Balls. Oth.ers at the parade were Asst. Commissioner F. H. Barclay, District Officer F. ]. Emms, Divisional Secretary R. L. Randall, and 1Ir. D. Davison (Chairman of Cromer Council).

The men, some of whom were wearing war and ambulance medals, presented a smart appearance in their uniform and equipment. They drilled under the direction of Sergeant Robinson, and treated four "injured" boys, the whole being accomplished in a praiseworthy manner.

Asst. Commissioner Barclay congratulated the men upon their uniform and drill) and added that the Cromer Di,"ision was now in its twenty-eight year. The present membership of 54 was larger than it eve r had been before. Aft.er the war, the division got in low water, and he was now pleased that such a good improvement had been made.

HARLOw.-A demonstration of first-aid work by the Harlow Division and presentation of awards to members, took place in the Royal Engineers' Drill Hall, Harlow on 1\1onday, J nne 17th. 1\11'. A. H. Langley Jones, Asst. of the Brigade for Essex, presided, and with hm1 on the platform were :l\1rs. Calverley, O,B.E" Ladv of Grace, Order of St. J aIm; :l\1r. ]. Balfour, President o-f the Harlow Division; 1\1r. R. COIv1in, the Rev. 'vV. D. Topping, the Rev. W. H. Biscoe, Dr. W. N. Booth, Divisional Surgeon; Dr. C. L. Chalk, Dr. F. N. Day, Miss B. Edwards and Mr. F. Drake.

The Chairman in his opening remarks, explained the aims and objects of the St. John Ambulance Birgad e Its members were recruited from the St. John Ambulance Association, lle said, in which first-aiel, nursing and the lIke were t.aught. Members of Association who qualified by tak1l1g certIficates were elJglble to become members of the Brigade, the object of which was to continue the training: of the Association so that members should not lose their knowledge through want of practice.

]. Balfour presented the awards.

Priory for Wales.

\\'ELSII l\lE:\IBERS HONOURED.

FOR devoted !:len-ices to the St. John Ambulance Brio'ade in Wales the names of the following e ight members, submitted to ?y the Priory, hm'e been added, with the of Hls IaJesty the King, to the distinguished Roll of Sernng Brothers of the Order : _

"\l11bu lance Officer John Bellew, Newport, 1\Ion.

:'IIr. ] Bellew joined the Ne\vport High Street Rail\\'(lY Class In 1910, and was a member of the Class Committee fr0l111911 to 1915. Served in the Army £ro1111915 to 1919 and was Assistant Class Instru cto r on his return: Formed andy-tuned teams for cOl1lpetition in the senior railway comretltlOilS from 1922 to 1926. Awarded G W R Gold ledal in 1925.

EYcUl Evans, Bridgend, Glam. Ex-Di,'isional Superintendent. E,'an E.vans fulfilled the duties of Superintendent to the Haldau In<;tltute and Gar\\' Di\'isiun from 1912 t ] I 1926, during which period t!le Division's strength was doubled. He was lI1strumental in obtaining funds necessary for erection of the Ambulance HalL Transferred to the Bngade Reserye in 1926.

A I D. July, 1929.

Di"isional Supl. Emrys James, Aberdare.

Mr. Emrys ] ames joined the Aberdare Division in 1909 and organ ised and established the Duffryn Aman Division in 1913. Enlisted in theR.A.l\1.C., 1914, promotedtotherank of Reg'imental Sergeant l\lajor and awarded the Ileritori ou Service Medal. Re uscitated the Duffr),n Am<1.n Division On his return in 1920, organised and set LIp a l\ledical Comforts Depot at Aberaman in 1925, and is training boy s for enrolment in Cadet Divisions.

Divisional Supt. Dcl\'id Jon es, Chirk.

Mr. David J ones enrolled in the Chide Division in 190+ formed a First A id C lass at Vroncysylte in 1911, and served in the Royal Am1)' Medical Corps as StaIr-Sergt. from 191+ to March, 1919. Reorganised the Chirle Division of the Brigade in 1923 and was appointed divisional supt. Has s ince acted as As sis tant Le ct urer and Demonstrator, is secretacy of the Division, and formed a class at Glyn Ceiriog in 192R. ,,\w arded the Service 1\1edal of the Ord er in 1925

Divisional Supl. "William l\lorgan, Ferndale.

Mr. William Morgan enro ll ed in the Ferndale Di"ision in 1910, volunteered with the Home Hospitals Reserv e in 191..f, served abroad and was promoted to the rank of Sergeant. On his return in 1919, raised funds and succeeded in resuscitating the Ferndale IDi\'isio n ; has organised a Nursing Division, and focms First Aid and Home Nur sing Classes each year. \\'as awarded the Service 1\1edal of the Order in 192..f, and promoted from the rank of ambulance officer to supt. of the Di\'is ion in 1926.

Di, isional Supt. Lemuel Powell, l\Ierthyr Tydfil.

Enrolled in the l\lerthyr Borough Division i 11 1912, appointed corporal in 1913 and divisional secretan' in 191+, Encouraged First Aid in mines and was respon-sible for a ley)' made by the miners towards the funds of the Brigade. Served in the 130th St John Field Ambulance during the war and was promoted to the rank of sergeant. Assisted in the establishment of the Medical Comforts Depot, ,nts arpointed divisional s upt. in 1926, and has e tabli!:lhed a Cadet Di\'ision.

Corps Secretary Dm id Pugb, Bryn, Porl Talbot.

Has been closely associated with ambulance work since 1908 and assisted in the formation of a Di"ision at Bryn in 1912. Volunteered for service on the ouLbreak of war and on hi return as isted in the formation of a Di\'is ion at Taibach and was appointed supt. vVas made supl. of the Bryn Division in 1921, corps treasurer in 192..f, and corps secretary in 1927 ; and \v as in trumenLal in establishino' a building fund for the am bu lance hall, oppned free of debt in 1927.

Corps Secretary Samuel William Wathan, Blaenavoll.

Mr. Samuel William Wathan assisted in the formation and became a member of the Blaenavon Division in 1908, was appointed S ergea nt in 1910, Ambu lance Officer in 1917, Su pt. in 1922 and Corps Secretary i 11 192..f. Ha gi ,en valuable services in organising classe s , acting as Instru ctor, and in rendering first aid. Holds the Sen ice Medal of the Order.

Brigade Service is also represented in the list of Vellum Vote s of Thanks, awarded by Chapter-Gencnl. l of the Ord er.

Mr. Bernard Evan Maberly has efficiently carried out the du ties of Staff Officer in the City of Cardiff Centre since 1918 ; is largely responsible for the great amount of public Brigade duty in the city and has devoted much time to the adm ini strative work in the Centre. He takes an active part in the work of the Whitchurch Medical Comfort Dcp ot, whicb he helped to estab li sh.

Mr. Thomas J ames Morris has held the rank of Divisional Supt. of the Abcrdulais DistL-icL Division since his promotion fr0111 Ambulance Officer in 1926. Apart from the able

July, 1929. FIR S T

manner in which the routine work of the Brigade is undertaken, Mr. Morris displayed bravery an d endurance in connection with a col li ery accident, in rescuing a man suffering from fracture and dislocation of the spine', whom he afterv\'ards assisted by vis itin g in his home and devoting- an hour each day for twelve months to massage treatment.

VVELSIl RAILWAY AMBULANCE

,\m bulance team work of the highest order wa s witnessed at Cardiff on Friday, ] une 14th, when five teams, selected by the railway companies as the most efGcient of their local first aid organisat ions, competed for the "Sir Henry Webb" Challenge Cup, Thi is the principal trophy offered in the annual vVelsh Railw<lYs Ambulance competition organised by the Priory and the arrangements for this year's national contests were adm.irab ly carried out.

The teams, which met in the spacious \'estibule of the Law Courts, were gi\'en exceptionally difficult tests by Dr. r\. 1'11. Robertson, Cwmparc; Dr. G. Stanley Phillips, G\\'i1Ull-cae-Gur\\'cn; and Dr. J. :\1. Wilson, Tre cynon, who acted as judges. Tetll11s com peting were :-

Alexa ndra Docks, Newport, G. vV. R. ; Aberg-m'enny Jun ctio n, L.l\1. and S. R.; Barry Locomoti\'e Factory, G,W. R.; Carmarthen, L. 1. and S. R.; and Denhigh, L.1\L and S. R.

The results were as under :-

1. Bany Locol11otiYe Factory, G. \\'. R. 307-!, 2. ,\Iexan dra Dock', ewport, G. vV. R. 30+3. Carmart hen, L. I. and S. R. 272 -L Denbigh, L. and S. R. 252 5. ,\bel-ga\'cllll} J ullction, L.l\1. and S. R. 241

"\Vith one exception, when the .Abersychan and Taly\\,aUI1, L. r. and S. R., team \Von it in 1924, the challengl' cup has been always helel by G. "\V. R. teams since the inception of the national competition in 1923, last year's holders being t he Pontypool Road "A " team.

Amongst those who witnessed the com petition on Friday were; - ir \iVilliam James Thomas, Bart., Director of the G W. R. Co . ; Irs Cornelius Griffith, Cardiff; Mrs. Robert on, CWl11parc ; l\ lr. C. T. Hurry Riche s, Dr. Edgar Llewellyn, CardiFf; l\1r. C. H, Tait, Distl-ict Traffic Supt., L. 1\1. and S. R., Aberga venny; l\lr. H. Owen, District Ambulance Secretary, L.l\l. and S, R., Swansea; 1r. J. \Vhi te, District Ambulance Secretary, L. :'11, and S. R., Bangor; l\lr, G. H. lles, District Ambu lance Secretary, G. 'vV, R" Cardiff; Captain S, T. Beard, O. B. E., District Ambulance Secretary, L.1\1. and S.R., Abergawnny; l\Ir. J. Dyer Lewis, Penarth; 1\Ir. W. J. H, Young, L.l\1. and S.R. Chief Staff Officer, Aberga\'enny ; 1\ Ir. G, H. D,we}, G. 11\'. R. Divisional Secretary, CardiJT; Supt. David Davies, G. vV. R. Docks Police, CardilT; 11-. 11\ H. Victory, representing 1\1r. C. F Page, Chief Dock s l\Ianager, G. y\'o R. ; l\Ir. B. E. :\laberlyand 1\Ir. ]. F. Peppcrell.

Sir Herbert Lewis, K. B. E. (Pr in cipal Secretary), presided at the subsequent fUllction for the distribution of awards and expresse d the thank s of the Priory to the Railway Compani es for their splendid co-operation in the ambulance 1110,'c men t. It was gratifying to know that t wenty- e\ en per cent. of the Railway Staffs held First Aid Certificates, H e urged the men to persevere and emulate so me of the police forces which were a hundred per cent. first aid men.

Drs Wilson and Robertson spoke of the high standal d of eFfic iency di splayed by the teams

Sir William J ames Thomas presented the cup, medals and ce rtifIcates to the first and second teams. He said fi rst aid had long been regarded as part of a raih\'ay man's educa.tion und the number of men \\ ho were yo lun tari ly devoting a considerable amount of their leisure to this work, increa ed year by year. During 1928, two thousand more raihnl.} men passed he examination of the SL Jol1n , \m bulallcc Associathan in the pre\'iou' t",eh'e months, whilst the Priory ISsu ed efficie n cy awards to three thousand, nine hundred and seven men emp loyed 011 the railways in vValcs. The interest tak en by the Railway Companies a nd men w as highly COI11 -

A I D. 11

mendable, as the obtained Kas of the greatest n tiu e, not only in connection \yith the rai!",a\'s but £11-;0 in lhe fie ld of sport and all spheres of life. bc a source of grcat satisfaction to the public to kno\y that in C<l!:le of accident, a "ery large proportion of the railway stafrs \\'e re able to give skilled assistance; bUl the hem'y toll of the road wa s a clear indication that the raih,-ays were a comparati\'cly safe means of tra\'el and it was, therefore, hoped the raih"a\T authorities would be as enthusiastic in the de\'elo pment of ambulance work among their transport \\'orkers as they \\-e re among the railway men.

l\Ir. C. T. Hurry Ri ches, proposed and :'11 r. C. H. Tait, seconded, a \'ote of thanks to Sir Herbert Lewis and Sir vVilliam James Thom a, and a similar \'ote \\'as accorded to the judges on the motion of Supt. Da,-id Dm ies, Cardirr G.v\T.R. Police, seconded by ?\[r, J. Dyer Lewis, A pleasing finale ,,,as the hearty, spontaneous exprcs<;ion of thanks by the teams to the Priory for the day''i excellent arrangements.

Ai\IBUL\1\CE P.\R,\DE AT TREDEC \R.

The Tredegar Division held a full parade on Satuday, 22nd June, for inspection. The Contingent, headed by the Tred egar Workmen's Town Band, marched from Sirho,Yy to their headquarters at the offices of the Tredegar Company. Here they were met by Sir Herbert D. \\'. Le""is, K. B. E., the Principal Secretary of the Priory, ,yho ,,'as accompanied by Lady Le,yis, O.B.E., :'III'. R. "\\Tilson Bartlett, Commissioner for :'Ilessrs. \\'. D. \\ 'oo ll cy, J .P., President of the Diyision, \neurin Bcyen, l\I.P., T. :'IIorgan, J. P , Chairman of Tredegar Council, T. Reynolds, G. E. Golding, J. P., Colliery .-\gent, D. Davies, Manager l\Iarkham Colliery, Humphrey E\',U1S, \Ianagcr Pochin Colliery, H, Le Yesconte, Commercial :'Il£1nager Tredegar Company, G. E. and S. E,'ans, J. p" Tn vil.

The Diyision, "'hich ,,-as under the command of Corps SupL J. Penberthy, supported by J. Leach, Corps Secretary, Di\"isional Supt. J. Wilcox, Officer ,Yhit combe, Di,'isional Treasurer E. Padfield, and Di"isional Secretary T. Jones, were inspected by the COl11missioner accompanied by VV. D. vVooll ey, who deputised Sir Herbert Le\\'i in the performance of this ceremony, and the ofTtcers and men ,,,ere were complimented on their smart appearance.

After being photographed, all sat do,yn to an. excellen t tea pro\'ided in the ambulance room by the Ladle.' Committee, and then toll owed the presentation of warrants of appointl11ent by Sir Herbert Lc\\""is to "\\T. D. \\ 'oo lley (President), Captain L. D. "\\'hithe ad (\'ice-President), and the following honorary member ', \\ '. S. Dayie'i, J.P., R. \tV. O'Connor, D. E\'Cl.ns, J.P. G, E. Golding, J.P., T, Re\-nolds, D. T. Dm-ics, the Re\,. T, George and Supt. Kcar.

Sir Herbert Lc\\-is conoTatulated the Di"i5ion on the hi o' h 's tate of efficiency to which it had attained, thanks to (l"reat enthusiasm ;f the officers and the support gi\'en . them by their Commissioner, :\ir. R. In whom he had great confidencc, and expressed appreClatlon of the practical 'interest ShO\Yll in the ,york by r-.lr. D. "\". "\V oolle\, and other oilicials of the Treuegar Company, }l r. "\V. D. -\t\'oolle\' addressed the gathering and Sir Herbert and Lady Lc\yls were thanked for their attendance.

\

I3ERJ)ARE

The HOIl. J. I-I. Bruce (.\cting Ccntre COll111lis "ioller, .\berdare Centre), presided o,'er the coming-of-age ceJcbrnP1Dn' of the Di\' i iOIl on June 29th, and among those present were Sir Herbert D. \\T. Lc\\'is (Commissioncr tor \\' ales) and Lady Lewis, the Hon .'drs. J. H ..B rLlce Charles Ken hole, Coullcillor -\.. :'II. Jcnkll1s, O.B. E., the Rl. HOI1. G. II. Hall, P. (Ci\'il Lord of the .\dmiralty), 1\11'. John I saac (High Constable), :'II iskin Higher. D,r. r i\I. \\,il sol1, :'Ilr. T. BOlling, B.Se, J.P., al.ld .:'111'. ,\\' Ri chardson, Electrical r-.lanager, , \bcrclal-c Dl stnct COLlnClL

EDITORIAL-

Orcler

BRIGADE

indisposition of Councillor Tudor Dcl\'ies, Chairman of the Centre, and said al l his friends will be de l ighted to see hil11 amongst them once again, resuming h is many activities. There were bet \\'een ll\'e hundred and six h Llndred m elll_ bel'S on parade. Captain S. T Beard, O. B E inspected the men and Lady Lewis, on behalf of Sir Herbert, inspected thl' girls. Later the Corps g,t\'e a plendid demonstration, whi ch was much appreciated and drew forth warm words of prai l' from the C01l1m issioner. Captain Beard and l\1r. Horto]) also addressed the Corps and spoke highly of th ir wo rk. Sir Herbert afterwards handed the Insignia of an Honor a r\, Serving Brother to Dr. Ferguson, Troedyrhi\\', and thank ed him for his valuable ervices to the Corps Service l\led als, for fifteen years' efficient sen'ice, were presented to Cadet Officer vV. R. Williams, Corporal E. Jehu, Corporal E. T. Berriman, Pri\'ate \V. Evans, Private D. \V. Davies, Sergeant T. l\lorgan, Corporal 1\1. Jenkins, and Sergeant J. Dayi es. The follo'wing Sen ice Iedal holders received bars for additional periods of fi\ 'e years' efficiency :-Corporal L evi vVilliarns, Ambulance Officer F \V. Hanscombe, Ambulancl' Officer D. VV . J one Divisional Supt. vV . G. ?l I orris, Serg eant G. vVilliams, Sergeant l\J. T. Jones, Corps Treasurer Thom as Da\' ies and Corps Supt. David Jones.

NEATII CORPS.

The church parade> of the eath Corps this year Was held in three ections. The first being lwld <tt St. l\iaryChurch, Briton Ferry, under the command of Stall Officer A. J. Esmond. The parade, headed by the Britoll Ferry T own Band, was met at the church by the vicar, the Re\'. L. vValters, B.A., Lessons \yere re<td by .\mbulancc Offi cer D. vVatkins. The second section was held at the Aberp crgwm -Church, Glcilneath, headed by the GIYllneath Sil ver Band. Corps OAlcer VV. T. Richards was in charge, the service being conducted by the vicar, the Rey. Ll. Thom as. The third section consisted of a Drumhead Service, held 011 the \Velfare Ground, Seven Sisters. The local banel he aded the procession, which \\'as under the command of Corps Supt. J. Richards. The vicar of Sewn Sist e r conducted the service.

On July 611' the annual compctition was held at the Council School, Resolven. The judges were Dr. G. S Phillips, Gwain-cae-gurwen, and Dt' Stehbing , Ystall rfern. The results were as follows:

Ratlway Ambulance News.

Int er=Railway Ambulance Competition Final.

This month we are able to publish the Judge's Comments of the team test and also the marking sheet, which we feel wre will b,e of great interest to the competitors.

l\Iajor ] Orton] l\I.D., l\I.R.C.S., writes: Th e team test was supposed to be as follows:-

A man is wheeling a large hand carl filled \\ lth heavy building material-planks of wood, bricks, in sacksdow n an incline. cart runs away With him and a man walking along in front is struck a heavy blow in. the back, knocking him against an upright 12ost, which h11n on the chest) over the heart reglOn. The pabent falls heavily to the ground, dropping a boltle of ammOl11a, which he is carrying in his ri g ht hand] which causes cuts and burns .

The team provided the patient and he had to carry out his share in the idea by falling as dramatically and realistically as possible. l\Iarks being given for this, tim e taken into account for rendering first-aiel, diagnosis of case, and improvisation a [ hand cart for of \vounde d. An important factor was the observatlOn of the accident, which was watched by all members of the team and their appreciation of 'what had occurred. They \vere told that face \"as pale] pulse poor and feeble. A s the patient come round he complains of pain over hi chest and he had all symptons of collapse. The right hand was burnt with ammonia] but he ",as too bad to feel that Superficial bleeding of hand at first, but as he heart shock bleeding may become more profuse when Circulatio n established.

TE,\:\ 1 TEST.

JUDGE: ?ll,\.IlJR J. ORTOX, l.D., M.R.C.S.

Bruce gm'e the history of the Division from it inception, an d paid an eloquent tribute to its pioneers- Dr. Rhys, Dr. Rob erts, and 1\lr. T. E. Dm ies, Mining Lecturer; also to Lt.-Col. Dr. Trevor Jones Cory, Dr. Baird l\lilne, Dr. Og ih ie, Dr. \Vilson and Dr. Harry Banks, the present Div. Surgeon of the Brigade. In the competitive at'ea the Brigade had done remarkably well, among other trophie they had won was the cup put up by Sir D. R. Llewel lyn, Bart, who had been it s president since 1914.

Congratulating the Division, Sir Herbert Lewis said, " You are a very plucky lot of people to hm 'e built up the fine reputation which your Commissioner has so fully outlined this e\'ening. You are worthy of the highest credit."

Sir H erbert thanked l\lr. George Hall for the practical interest he had taken in th e movement, and referred to the splendid efforts of l\1r. Jenkins.

Commemorative certiflcates were distributed by Lady Lewis.

l\lERTlIYR UXlTS IKSl'ECTED.

On Saturday, 15th June, the annual inspection of the Do\\'l a is and Taff Valley Ambulance Corps was conducted at the Central School by Sir Herbert Lewis, Commissionet' for ,Vales. who was accompanied by Lady Lewis, O. B. E., Mr D. ill. Davie s, Commissioner for Ierthyr, Capt. S. T. Beard, O. B. E., Abergayenny, Sub-Commissioner, Monmoulhshire; F. H. Hortop, Sub-Commissioner, BatTY.

Sir Herbert Lewis expressed his extreme regret at the

Sih'e r Cup for urses, presented by Sub-C011lmission er D. 1\1. E\'ans-Bevan : 1, Briton Ferry, 99; 2, Skewer, 93. Dulais Valley Cup for l\1en, presented by Corps Surg eon Dr. C. Armstrong: 1, CW1l1gwrach, 2, Glynne ath, 156t; 3, Briton Ferry, 15+ ; +, Ske\,·cr, 1391 ; 5, Resol wl1, 13-+.

Corps Cup (presented by Lt.-Col. l\leda ls: 1, Briton Ferry, 1851; 2, Cwmgwrach, 18+; 3, GI)'nneath, 182t ; +, Skewer, 163; 5, Resoh'ell, 152.

LLVNFI VALLEY CORPS ,

The sixth annual competition was held at Maesteg, all Saturday, J une 29th. The judges were Dr. T. J. Bell Thomas (Corps Surgeon), Dr. Lewis (Caerau), Dr. 1eban (Caerau), Dr. J ewitt (l\ aesteg), and Dr. l\Iurphy (Kenfi g Hill). Among those present were Stag-officer D . C. vVilliams (Ogmore), Staff-officer Thomas (Bt'yn), and Corpsofficer Poole (Port Talbot).

Tests for cadets and men, and after an interesting display the results were announced as follows :-

Boy Cadets: 1, Kenfiig Hill, 108 ; 2, PorL Talbot, 98 ; 3, Garth, Maesteg, 95 ; 4, Bryn, 92. IZenfig Hi l l Cad ets therefore won the "A. E. Lockyer" challenge cup and medals.

The North's Institute shield and gold medals (mcn) : 1, l\Jaesteg Centra l 1981; 2, Garth "A," ; 3, Garth "B," 100.-

The "Vernon Hartshorn" challenge shie ld (men ): 1, Hi ll, 250; 2, antymoe l, 239; 3, Barry Dock, 215 ; -+, G lynneath, 200; 5, Glync0111wg, 177; 6, CWlllpare, 153.

Card 1.-Y au arc returning home on a cold, slippery day after an ambulance practice and sec an accident happ e n. You have an ambulance ha\resac \\'ith you. Render first-aid.

Time allowed, 20 minutes, beginlling ,,,he11 you recei\'e thi card

Notc for J1/dge.-The patient is \\aiking along the street carrying a glass bottle marked. " Ammonia" in his right hancl. A man with a heavtly laden handcart loses cont rol of the cart which runs away down the steep street, strikes the l)atient in the back and knocks his chest heavily against a post. The patient falls on his face and the bottle is smashed. The patient's right hand is cut and bleeding and resting' in a pool of ammonia which has escaped fr0111 the broken boU1.e. Builders' handcart loaded with boards and sacks.

Prompt approach 3

Card 2.-(Placcd OJ! patieJlt.) The patient's right hand is cut and 111 eeding and resting in a pool of st rong ammonia which has escaped from the broken bottle.

Keep back crowd 2

Tell handcart man to stand by with cart a he may be wanted .., 6

NOTE. -If haJldcart lIIail is !lot told to stand by w ithin ji'l'C 111iJ1l1tCS he 'lc,ill take tile cart a'iC'ay.

Support patient and carerully turn him over keeping clear of am1ll0nia -+

Remove hroken glass to place of safety 4 PREUlIfTNARY EXi\l\rTNi\TTOr. 1T()'11d.

Character of bleeding from hand Slight .. ,

Any broken glass in wound? }' es

Is hand burned by ammonia? Yes .. .

Digital pressure on radial and ulnar \\ hill: preparing bandage, corks) etc.

Test consciousness. Does 110t respolld

Colour of face? PaZe

Condition of pupils? EqllaZ

Test pulse, left side? uud pour

State of breathing? Rather sliallo'LL'

Any hcemorrhag e from ears? No

o l' elsew here on No

Keep head low, turned to one side

Loosen clothing-neck, chest] and abdomen

Cover warmly

Examine chest. No irreglilarities) nozl 'UIIJld

Examine for further injuries: head (1), upper limbs (2), abdomen (1)) peh'i (1), back (1), low e r limbs (2). No other visible illjuries .' JUDGE. "Patient COJJles 1'01wd) groans) coJJlplallls of pain over heart) feels sick alld faint) teeth chatter."

Diagnose shock to heart

TREATMENT OF SHOCK.

Reassuring words

Smelling salts to llostrils

Ask for hot water bottles at nearest house

Also hot drinks

Also weak \'inegar and water or lemon juice .. , Apply hot 'Yat er bottles to leg-s, abdomen and chest

GiYe hot drinks

TREATMENT OF TVOUND OF H.--1XD.

Apply corks and bandage to radial and ulnar. Carefully wipe off with cotton wool used I1ghtly any ammonia which may be present

Iodine own fingers

Remove \'isible pieces o£ glass

Do not search or probe ... ... ... . ..

,\Va h burn with \Yeak yinegar amI \\'atcr or lemon juice

Apply boric ointment to burn

Is hand still bleeding'? No

Light \\'001 dressing

Bandage lightly

St. Tohn ling

,

A ,,,here patien t Ens. 1 lIlile u'Z.('oy

Nearest Hospital? Half-1I1ile

Nearest telephone NOlle

Nearest doctor? T'((Io miles mc'o)' and probably Ollt TRANSPORT.

Is an ambulance or stretcher a,'ailable? No

Decide to remoye to Hospital on handcart

Ask man if you may borrow cart. Yes

Send him on in advance with message to Eo pit<1l

Test handcart

Use sacks to line handcart and for \varm t h

Place in safety contents of handcart not reqtlll'ecl

l\Iethod of loading handcart ..,

Steady handcart and transpo:t carefully

'\Vatchful care of patient dUring transport, and 011serl'ation of bleeding

R.eport to Hospital.

Shock to heart

Vi/ound of palm of hand

Prol)ably glass in wound

Burn by ammonia

Tactful message to relatives

Extra marks for genera l efficiency

both divisions and departments since thc last cens us was taken in. 192 1.

On the Great West.ern Railway it is customary to regard all employees who have not passed an examination in first-aid during the past five years as unqualified.

Southern.

CIIESTER.-At the Bars Hotel, Chester, on the evening of June 22nd, members of the G.W. Railway, C;:hesler and Saltney Ambulance Classes assembled to reCClve the awards they had gained in examination

.!'vIr. Oswell, Saltney, presided and the certificates, medallions and other tokens of efficiency in first-aid were distributed' by Div. Supt. J. R. 1\lorris, who had the support of Dr. Rutherford Smith, Dr. Lees, Mr. H. J Assistant Superintendent, and Mr. R. H . Pryce, Dr\,. Ambulance Secretary.

In the course of an inter.e st ing address, Mr. Morris \velcomed Dr. Lees and Dr. Rutherford Smith and referred to the former's long association with Chester. He announced amid acclamation that in addition to the three " Morris" Cups already given for compctition in the Division, he proposed adding a fourth for teams employed between Chester and Leaton Stations and branches. Among the awards distributed ·were the Dr. Lees Challenge Cup, which was handed to Mr. H. J. Tame for individual work and two gold medals for fifteen years' efficiency.

Drs. Le es and Rutherford Smith addressed the gathering as did 11r. Pryce and favourable comment was made upon the satisfactory influx: of younger men to the moycment.

PADDINGTON -1\1embers of thc 37th (G.Vv. Railway) Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade (Paddington) received awards at the hands of the Mayorcss of Paddington at St. Paul's Hall, Harrow Road, London, on the eyening of June 19th. Asst. Commissioner A. J. Warren presided and was supported by the l\1aY(1r (Alderman Snell), District Officer F. Claridge, 1\1r. R. (Chief Engineer G.W. Railway), Chief Inspectm' Chamberlain (1\Iet. Police\ Div. Supt. W. Gaffney, Dr. A. Baldie (Met. Police), Dr. Perram and Mr. VI. F. Abbis (Town Clerk).

During the proceedings, presentations were made to Supt. Gaffney, Dr. Baldie, and Res. Supt. A. E. Evans (the last named in appreciation of 29 years' service with the 37th Division).

GLOUCESTER.-The annual competition for the VassarSmith Challenge Shield was held in the Kingholme Football Ground on Saturday, June 29th, when the adj udicators were Drs. Sprague and Stillman (team and individual work respectively) and Sister Newman (bandaging).

Tl1e contest excited considerable interest and in the end the Gloucester" A" team was adjudged the winner of the trophy with 74 marks out of 100. The individual prize was awarded to F. A. Drinkwater and the bandaging prize to J. A. Grimes.

At the adjournment for tea, Div. Supt. S. Morris presided and was accompanied by Mrs. Morris, Sir James and Bruton. The City I.-ligh Sheriff (Col. Waller), Col. Leslte Boyce, M.P. (the Clty member), and many others.

In the evening, there was a programme of sports for the children, which secured a good entry; the prizes being prcsented by 11rs. Morris. During an interval the Mayor of Gloucester addressed the Company.

During the week cnded June 8th, a census af ambulance workers was taken throughout the Great Western Railway and the result will be awaited with considerable interest in order not only to compare the standards of efficiency in the various ambulance divisions of the railway, but also to ascertain the growth of the movement in

Congratulations to the Arund el Team, which consisted of Signalmen Hoad (Bognar), Booking Clerk Levitt (Arundel), Carriage and Wagon Examiner Harman (Liltl ehampton), Porter Signalman Pretlove (Pulborough), in winning the Challenge Shield for the best Red Cross Team in the British Isles-still a further evidence of the efficiency of the railwaymen in ambulance work.

An enjoyable evening was spent at Barnstaple receni.l y hy members of the North Devon Ambulance class, on th e occasion of their annual dinner, which proved to be a great success .

Mr. J. Granger (Barnstaple) presided. He was supported by Mr. Board (Statio11master, Torrington), Dr. King (Ilfracombe), Mr. Pring (Engineer's Department, Barnstaple), and Mr. E. S. Moore (Western District Loc omotive Running Department) Mr. C E. Drewitt (late of Barnstaple and Lynton Railway) was also present. Th e success of the evening was in no small measure due to th e untiring efforts of Mr. Richard Copp (Barnstaple), who ably made the arrangements.

The presentation of the awards to the successful mcmbers of the Lyme Regis class was made by Mi ss Edith Allhusen, J.P. Miss Allhusen congratulated th e class on the excellent result which had been obtained, anel said that sllch efficiency could not possibly have bec n realised without real interest in the movement, especially on the part of the Lecturer and the Class Secretary.

Mr. Mairs was the recipient of a briar pipe as a tok en of appreciation of the members of the class, for his wor k in connection with same .

London, Midland and Scottish.

Th e first L.M.S. ambulance competition between tw o teams repre sentative of England and Wales and two team s representative of Scotland took place in the Central Hall s, Glasgow, on Tuesday, June 18th. The competition included individu a l, viva voce} and team tests, which w ere each carried out under a time limit. The teams taking part were Crewe Machine Shop and Liverpool Nor th Docks-winners and runners-up r espective ly in the fin al competition of the L.M .S. Ambulance Shield in England -and Corkerhill and Motherwell-winners and runn ersup r espective ly in the final Ambulance Cup Competition in Scotland

Mr. Charles Ker} Chairman of the Scottish Local Committee, who presided at the presentation ceremony following the competition, was accompanied on the platform by Mrs. Ker, Mr. David Cooper, Sir Alexandcr Graci e, Mr. J. Hamilton Houldsworth} and members of the Sco ttish Local Committee.

M1'. Ker opened the proceedings by intimating th at the winning- team was Liverpool North Docks, with 293 marks out of a maximum of 350. Crewe Machine Shop , Motherwell and Corkerhill were placed sewed, third and fourth with 270, and marks Th e Chairman warmly congratulated the winnir.l; and stated that, as showing the inter est taken in railway amhulance work, 472 teams this year entered the competition in Eng land and Wales, while in Scotland t h e number was 72. As a further point of int erest, Mr. Ker mentioned tha t

July, 1929.

the number of men doing railway ambulance work is over 27,000, a number which .excecds the entire popUlation of the county town of S1.1rlmg.

Mrs. Ker, in presenting th e Cup and other prizes to thc winning tcam, stated that it gave her great pleasure to be present at the competition .

On the motion of Mr. Evans a hearty vote of thanks was accorded Mr. and Mrs. Ker. In his remarks, Mr. Evans stated that Mr. Ker, like all the directors of the Company, took a great interest in the welfare of the staff, but perhaps particularly so in the ambulance movement, because not only is the work of great advantage to the men themselves, but it is of great advantage to the Company, as has been seen in recent the railway. While Mr. Ker deserved great prmse for be1l1g present 111 his own time, Mrs. Ker deserved special praise for the gra cious manner in which she had handed over the prizes.

Sl1- H enry Fowler then tendered thanks to Dr. J. Manda ll Coates, Horwich, and Dr. E D. Gairdner, Glasgow, for th .e ir services. In reply, Dr. Gairdner expressed his satisfaction with the work of the four teams, and at the same time took the opportunity of reminding compet itors of the necessity of r eading the questions carefu lly before starting to answer them, while Dr. Coates, befo re commenting on the satisfactory performance of the Scott ish teams-although they had no t been successfulindicate d that he had enj oyed the competition more than any other compctition he had ever judg ed.

The arrangements made by Mr. G. S. Hill, L.M.S. Am bulance Secretary, were carried out without a hitch , and Mr. Hill is to be congratulated on the success attending his efforts

Post Office Ambulance Corps.

PRESENT \TION OF AWARDS.

The anllual presentation of certificat es and other a\\ ards of the St. John Ambulance Association, and medals to the winners of the Post Office Ambulance Corps Challenge Shield, Women's Trophy and Corps Trophy Competitions, by Major-General Sir Percival S. V\1ilkinson, K.CM .G., CB., Secretary General of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusal em, took place at 3 p.m. last month in the Cr ipplegate Institute, Golden Lane, E.C1.

Col. H. V. Prynne, CB.E., D.S.O., F .R.CS.} etc presided and other distingLlished visitors included A J. \Valdegrave, Esq., M.B.E., Deputy Comptroller and Accounta nt General (who attended in the unavoidable absence of Sir Henry Bunbury, K.CB.)} H. H . Bashford, Esq ., M.D., B.S.) etc It was learned with much regret that Dr. Sinclair, the First President of the P.O.A.C and late Chief Medical Officer G.P.O., who had helped the P.O.A.C with untiring zeal in the past, was unable to atte nd owing to illness.

Col. Prynne, in opening the proceedings, spoke of the exce llent ·work done during the past year, which deserved the highest praise.

It was interesting to note that the Treasury had recognised the good work of the Corps by increasing the Annual Grant and that special facilities had been granted by the Secreta ry G P.O. He regretted that there was a falling off in membership in the Women's Branches, which he hoped would show an improvement in thc current year. specia l item in the programme was a presentation of a slive r eper ,e;ne to T. VV. Kidds, Esq } who was retiring; on acco unt of age limit from the Post Office, and ,yas relinquishing the Hon. Treasuryship of the Corps. 1\11'. Kic1cls who with Dr. Sinclair \\ra s one of thc original pioneers of ambulance work in the London Post Offices had carried on his ambulance work for many years with the greatest zeal, and, althoLlgh he would be greatly missed, Col. Prynnc

A I D. 15

was extremely glad Lo know that he intended to continue his ambulance activitics in London. In making the presentation, Major-General Sir Percival S. Wilkinson quoted the inscription on the epergne which read as follows:-

" Presented to T. W. Kidds, Esq., by the members of the Post Office Ambulance Centre, St. John Ambulance As sociation, as a token of appreciation of his 26k years of devoted service to the cause. 4th June, 1929."

The Awards were presented as follows:-

_ First Aid Certificates 27; Home Nursing Certificatcs 3.); Vouchers 2-1-; Medallions 18; Labels 173; Pendants 48; Medals were present ed to the winning teams, etc., from t.he following Offices :-:-vVestern District Post Office, P.O.A.C. Challenge Shleld; Central Telegraph Office Women's Trophy; 1\liss E. H. Wyatt and 1\1r. G. 1-/ Laurie, Savings Bank Department, joint winners of the Corps Trophy.

These are only gained by t he highest effiCIency shown 111 the searching open competitions.

Vellum Votes of Thanks awarded oy the ChapterGeneral of the Order of St. John for conspiCLlOus ambulance service were pres ented to l\Iisses M. r. Clarke 1. L. King (CT.O.), M. 1\1. Masson, F. M. RQgers (S.B.D.); and B. L. Webb (L.T S.).

It was announced that 1\1r. A. F. Hall had been admitted to the Order as a Serving Brother.

1\1r. vVald egray e in an encouraging speech spoke of his hearty appreciation of the ambulance "\york of the men and wom.en members

A hear ty yote of thanks to Major-General Sir P e rciyal S. vVilkinson, K.Ci\I.G., C.B for making the presentations was proposed by 1\1iss F. 1\1. Rogers (S.B.D.) and seconded by Mr. S. J. Smith eL.T.S.) . In repl y 1\lajorGeneral Sir Percival S. vVilkinson referred to thc origin of the ambulance movement in this country. It was originally intended that it should be confined to soldiers on acti,'e senice, but those who acquired such knowledge in the early days desired to enlarge the scope of First Aiel by helping their friends, and so the work had grown until it was now a universal s.e rvice.

He spoke of the Post Office as being a tremendous institution with officers not only in tmYns but in practically every village in the country, and he hop ed the ambulance movement would extend to the whole world.

1\lcmbers of the No.6-District, S.JA.B., are haying a busy time at the North-East Coast Exhi bition. C p to June 21st nearly 1,000 cases h;;tYe been eHlciently dealt \\·ith.

Since the institution of the first-aid tatiol1 at Southend Pond, Catford, at vVhitsun, and \\ hich is cnrried out eYen Saturdny ::lnd Sunday nt thnt point, over 100 cases ha"e bee;1 dealt with by the members of the No.1 Prince of ""::lI es' District.

3' • e

The annua l ambulance competition " 'ns held on Jun e 22nd, at Tankersley, ,,-hen 23 teams competed. Drs. Ben-e ric), and Rit chie were the judg-es, and their awards \\-e re as follows :- 1, l\litchell's ;\lain (114); 2, Strafford Colliery (107) ; 3, Thorncliffe Colliery (105) ; -t Rocking-ham Colliery (101).

'3 • E

In connect ion with the ambulance competitions for the yarious collieries of Messr s Newton Chambers and Company, Ltd., the first prize, a sih'er cup and medal.s " 'a prescnted at Cb::lpletO\Y11 on .Tune 2-tth, to the Thorncliffe Colliery team, the winners of the enior competitions, by Mrs. \V. [c""ton Dre,,', wife of the chairman of the Compnny. The second wize, a sh ie ld and mcdals, "\-vas presented to the Th orncliffe Colliery junior team. Prof. D. Hay presided, and 1\lr. \\T. Newton Drc,,- also spoke. Prior to the presentation a tea was h eld al the Thorncl iffe ,,-o rks.

Red Cross Bra1/zch News.

C\)'IBRIDGE.-The Inter-Squad Competition of the V.A.D.'s in the county of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely, was held in the grounds of Downing College, Cambridge, on Thursday, June 20th

A very interesting competition was staged and among the interested spectators \vere :-the 1\1aster (Professor A. C. Seward), the President of the Society (Mrs. Adeane), Lt.-Col. B \tV. Beale, 1\1rs. Pryor) the Hon. 1\Irs. vVoocl, Major-General Hendley (County Controller), the Rc\,. C. F. Townley (County Director) and others. The judges were Dr. Apthorpe vVebb (women), Dr. Richards (men).

The prizewinners were as follows :-

\\'omen's County Cup-V.A.D. Cambs. 2, Borough Commandant 1\li s John on.

Uniform Cup- V.A.D. Cambs. -12., Riston; Commandant Miss Rowley.

1\1en's COUllty Cup- V.A.D. Cambs. 13; Sectiol1Leader Mrs. Rygate's Challenge Shielcl-Three competitors tied: l\Iessrs. L. Jarman) P orth and \\'. 1\loore.

N'o\,ice's Cup, B.R.C.S.-Cam1) -+2. HistOll, Leacl e r Robinson; V.A.D. Call1hs. 13., Borough, Leader ::\[ r. e\Vman.

Squad Cups (women).-Test piece-B.R.C.S. Call1bs.

16. Linton, Leader A Browll; heclmakillg-V.A.D.

Grinstead (Sussex Branch) was held at \\ hen 1\1rs. E. Blount, O.B.E , J.P. (Deputy PreSIdent o f the Division), presided.

Very satisfactory progress was reported Subscnptions reached the Sllm of £200 8 . 5e1., an increas.e of £56, \\ hich was largely clue to the new subscribers enrolled at Haywards Heath and Crowborough

There had been a greatly increased demand for cours es of lectures on Red Cross subjects during the past year, amI 13 of these had been held.

The ambulances at East Grinstead, Haywards Heath and UckficJd had continued their useful work. The mileag e conrec! by the three cars during the year totalled 15,717 miles, while 636 patients were. carried These were th e highest figures yet recorded. Sll1ce the <l:mbulances wer e started, proving l10W essentIal the serVlce had become TIle Haywards Heath Ambulance hac! the highest record of mileage run and patients carried during the year.

NORWICTT.-On Saturday, June 29th, Princess Mar y \ ' is('ountess Lascelles inspected the Norfolk Branch) on the grounds of CrO\YI1 Point, the residence of the LordLieutenant of )Jodolk and 1\lrs. Russell Colman. Abou t l,SOn officers anc! members were on parade, including 11 4 Illcn of the Order of St. John.

Ju ly, 1929 FI R ST

Then accompanied by Mrs. Harker) county director and of the Nor folk Branch, the Commandant-inChief made a thorough inspection of the detachments, a tour that occupied fully half-an-hour. On either side of the parade ground were well-appointed, covered-in places set apart for competitive events, and? with parade missed, Princess Mary had a busy tIme vIew111g competItors performing their various examinations

After tea with the Lord-Lieutenant and party, Princess Mary returned to the platform and distributed the prizes won that afternoon; and, following short speeches by 1\Irs. Cator and General H Ensor (D.D 1\I.S Eastern Command) rousing cheers were accorded a vote of thanks, proposed by the Lord-Lieutenant, and seconded by the Hon. Sir Arthur Stanley (Chairman of the B.R.C.S.), to which the Commander-in-Chief bowed her acknowledgment.

OXFoRD.-A successful meeting was held at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, at the end of J Ul1e, with a view to the formation of a branch of the Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service for Oxford and District. The meetin o was well attended and the 1\1ayor of Oxford presided. was supported 11y the County Director (Dr. F. G. Ga rdner), the Asst. County Director (1\1rs. A. Richard on, O.B.E.), Dr. Audland, County Commissioner of the Order of St. J oh11) members of the Honor a ry Staff and others.

Oli\ er, who has done so much on behalf of the

movement, attended specially and gave a \'ery interesting lecture-" The Romance of Blood Transfusion "-which deeply impressed his hearers. The County Director explained the reasons for holding thc meeting and the connection of the B.R.C.S. with the Blood Transfusion Service, and said that this Senice was one of the mo t important of the peace-time activities of the Society. Thanks to modern research and discO\ery, blood transfusion has been made a very sa fe procedure for donor and receiver, and the Society has been very active in establishing branches in various parts of the county and in keeping' a controlling interest in their operations.

Dr. W. T. Collier and Abernethy, members of the Honorary Staff of the Infirmary, explain ed the technical aspects of the transfusion) and it is at this Institution that the work will be mainly carried out, under the latest and most skilled methods.

1\1r. Oliver was warmly thanked for his important share in this successful meeting and reference was made to his great services to a good cause.

As a result of the meeting, a fair number of volunteers have themselves for enrolment and have been « grouped." In this connection, especial mention must be made of the RO\' er Scouts who haye come forward, as they haye done in other areas) in a most public spirit ed manner.

It is to be hoped that a branch has now been firmly established in the district and that it will adequately meet the needs of the time.

Ou r N u rses Pages.

COMPILED BY A MBULANCE SISTER.

No. 1 DISTRlcT.-Members of this district have just had the privilege of taking part in two important duties in London-the first on 1\IondaYI the 1st instant) when H is Majesty the King drove in an open carriage on his r et urn to Buckingham Palace) and the second on the following Sunday when he went to Westminster Abbey to r et urn thanks for his recovery to health

Princess i\lary, Viscounless Lascelles, inspecling detachments of the British Red Cross at Chesler.

Cambs. 2, Borough, Leader Miss Doggett; bandagingCambs. 2, Borough, Leader Miss Marshall; nursll1g-V.A.D. Cambs. 2) Borough, Leader Miss Marshall. Squad Cups (men).-Test piece-V.A.D Cambs. 13, Leader :Mr. Ginn; Thomas' splint-V.A.D. Cambs. 13, Dorough, Leader Mr. N'orth; bedmaking-V.A.D. Camb 13, Borough, Leader Mr. Ginn; stretcher control-V .A.D. Cambs. 13, Borough, Leader 1\1r. North. Mrs. Adeane presented the prizes.

EAST GRINSTEAD.-The annual meeting of the East

As Princess Mary left Crown Point House, accompanied by Mrs. Cator, the Norfolk President, she walked along the drive between a g'uard of honour of Boy Scout s, in charge of Captain E. H. COc, and with whom were th e Earl of Albemarle (County Commissioner), and Captaill H. J. Cator; and Girl Guides, ill charge of Miss G Watts with the Dowager Lady Suffield (County Commissioner), a1ld others in attendance.

1t was an impressive incidellt when., standing in front of the platform) and with the Red Cress Band playing th e National Anthem, Princess Mary took the Roya l Salute.

His 1\laj esty, being the Sovereign Head and Patron of the Order) is in a special way bound up with that part of our life in which) as brothers and sisters, we try to do our little bit for the suffering To him we not only r ender our love and loyalty as our King, but also as the Chief of that great work in which we have our small pa rt. Through the dark days of his illness) our thoughts \\ ere ever with him, anxiously waiting for good news) even if it only spoke of a slight improvement in his condition. When he so far recovered as to be able to be taken to Bo g nor, it was with joy and pride that we learned that four of our number were to have the honour of carrying His Majesty to and from the ambulance. Since that time we have watched his gradual progress towards health with grateful hearts.

Those of us who were on duty on either the 1st or th e 8th instants, feel that we were indeed lucky to he there. Fortunately the v,r eather kept fine, and, as it was not too bot, we were not so busy as we had expected to be. Most of the cases that came into our hands were people-both men and women-who had taken Uj) their stand very early in the day. The loyalty and the cnthusiasm of the crowd was wonderful, in hct, the laUer was so infectious, many First-Aiclcrs had difficulty jn carrying 011 will, the work in hand and not stopping- to cheer with those all around.

Members of Nursing Divisions on duty for the King's

drive were very pleased to see Lady District Supt. 1\liss Rideout in uniform again. This is her first appearance in uniform since the serious accident she sustained on \ Vhitsun Monday, after carrying out an inspe.ction. of those on duty at Hampstead Heath. Although MISS RIdeout does not look quite fit, e\'eryolle \\'as glad that she \,\ as again able to up her dutie ) and all trust that she will soon haye quite recovered from what was-as she herself admits-a marvellous escape.

CENTR.\L AREA Sl,;:\Il\IER SOCI,\L.-By kind penni sian of the Gas Light and Coke Co., the summer social was held as in past years, at their Sports Ground at Acton 011 Saturday, July 6th, the annual cricket match between the Area and the Gate being the chief eyent of the afternoon. The l1lunber of visitors was disappointingly small, no doubt due to the state of the " eather which left much to be desired. Tea was seryed during the interval.

Thanks are due to Supt. F E. Stallard for again so kindly making all the arrangements. is hoped that nexl year his efforts will be rewarded With a much larger ;ttendance of members and friends.

No. 39 (TE1\IPLE) NURSIKG DlnsIOx.-On July 3rcl, Lady Ambulance Officer Miss E. Robinson wa with an attache case and an umbrella by the DIViSIOnal Suro·con. 1\1i s Helen Moss M.D., as a token of love and from the officers dnd 111e111b.er of the Division. Since she became attached to them :r.1i s Robinson had cndeared herself to all, )10t only for her loying disposition, 1mt also for the way in which she had done her utmost to help all. It was \\'ith great regret that th.e . and members heard of her transfer, althollgh reJOiC1l1 0 111

her promotion to the position of Officer-in-Charge of No. 66 (Toynbee IIall) DIvision In wishing her eyery success and happincss with her new dins ion, Dr. ::\1oss expressed the hope that the members of the tW? diyisions would meet occasionally for lectures and practices.

Xo. 10 DISTRICT) S.J.A.B.-C olllpetitio lls at Aldcbllrgh. Diyisions of the S.J.AB. on. the Coast \yere im'ited to take part in four competItlOns whIch \yere held at Aldeburgh on Saturday, June 22nd. By the kind permission of and ::\Irs. F. C. Lindo (the latter being the President of the Aldeburgh - ursing Diyision) the tests w ere held in the garden of Adair Lodg e) the large la\yn, of which, surroundcd by tall shrubberies of lilac and laburn um, furnishcd an id ea l setting for the spectacle. There was a large muster of members and friends, and although the weather was dull, tea \\' as sCHed under the trees.

Four Challenge Cups ,yere competed for. The Aldeburgh Challenge Cup Competition, open to teams from ;'\ ursing Di,·i ions of X o. 10 District, was again '\'on by Aldeburgh. Unfortunately, Felixstowe, a former winner, was unable to send in a team this year, leaving only Aldeburgh and Beccles to compete. The Bed-making Cup, presented to Nursing Divisions of the East Coast, and competed for, for the first time, wa \\'on by Saxmundham. Beccles Boy.' Cadet Diyi ion carried off the Aldeburgh Challenge Cup, while the Bedmaking Cup for Girl Cadets (working in pairs) of thc Aldebnro'h Diyision wa s ,\,on by the Misses J. Shemming and G. Edmunds.

The tests were made as realistic as possible. Before the arrinl of the teams, Major Hossack, F R.C.S. , Commissioner of o. 10 District, explained to the spectators the nature of the supposed accidents, by which means they ,\'ere able to follow more closely the \\'ork of the various competitors.

1\t the conclusion, the 1Iayor of Aldeburgh., 1\1iss Pettitt, proceeded to the saluting base and took the salutc as the competitors marched past. L ater Major Hossack addre sed the members and heartily congratulated 1\1i s Parker, Lady Superintendent of the Aldeburgh Diyision, on the good work she was doing. he had brought to. Ii fe a dctachment that had seemed almost moribund; and that every branch of the Brigade was here represented spoke yolumes for the credit due to her. He v,'as yery glad to see so many members and friends from a distance. The interchange of visits betlveen divisions \\'as all to the good and should be encouraged. He also wished to propose a votc of thanks to t he layor for her presence on that occasion.

In reply, l\Iiss Pettitt said that she ",as very happy to do all she could for the Brigade.

A votc of thanks to Mrs. Lindo for her kindness in throwing opcn her grounds for thc competitions, and to the examiners for their sen'ices, brought the proceedings to a close.

On the following; day, it being Sunday and the eve of St. John's Day, the members of Aldeburgh and Saxmundham Divisions assembled at the Ald eburcrh AmbuHall, and marche<;t to the Parish Church, headed by thcIr banncr, for even1l1g service.

VISIT OF H.R.H, PRINCESS MARY TO CHESTER.-On Saturday, June 15th, Chester \\'as en fete for the first visit to the city of Her Royal Hig-hn ess, Princess Mary, Viscountess Lascell e s, who motored oyer from Dunham :\[ass ey during the for tIl e purpose of inspecting 1.100 members of the BrItlsh Red Cross Society who came from Cheshire, Derbvshirc. Staffordshire and Flin ts hire.

Arriving at the Town Hall Square where Girl Guides forn: ed a Guard of Honour, Her Royal Highness was receI.ved by the Mayor and Mayore s. the four County Presldents and others, with whom sbc took lunch The

A I D. J uly, 1929.

City plate \\'as then in pected, after \\'hich the Princ e s proceeded to the Roodee by car, where she \\ as receind by the County President -the Dowager Marchioness of Cholmondely (Cheshire); the Duchess of De\'onsh ire (Derbyshire); Lady Dorothy Meynell ( taffordshire); and Mrs. Randle Mainwaring (Flintshire). An in pection of members then took place, follO\\'ed by thc march past. Later Her Royal Highness ,\'itnessed an exhibition of practical First Aid and Home :0lursing. Fiyc Bri stol Fighter , supplied from the RAF. Sealand Acrodro me, flew oyer and pretended to bomb a Yillage in \\'hich a Red Cross Field Day \\'as being held. Casualties, includ ing people supposed to be suffering from gas as the result of a burst main, were promptly attended to by the memb ers. In addition to this, there was on vie\\' a Red Cross Hos pital Tent, an Orthopcedic Tent, a First Aid Station, a First Aid Box, and a camp kitchen staffed by memb ers of the Che hire detachment.

At -I- p.m., after ha\-ing taken tea with the County Presidents, Princess accompanied by the May or, left for the station to catch her train for London.

Unfortunately , as the crowd \\'a s returning from the inspection, a large flag-pole fell in Foregate tred. This gaYe ample opportunity for the Y.A.D.'s to put their kno\\'l edge to practical usc \\'hich they peedily did.

BELF,\ST \ T.AD. 82.-The outbreak of influenza in Belfa t in February and March was recalled on June 20 th \\'h en Mrs. Clouo-h Herring, Commandant of the abo\'e \ -. AD ., and Mrs. FIO\Yerde\\', the trea m e r, \yere pr esented \\'i t h tokens of esteem from the members of the detachment in recognition of the splendid manner in ,\'hich Irs. Herring organised a "Flying Squad)J and \\'(:11t to the assistance of Dr. Barry and his staff.

After t.ea at the Lombard Cafe, the Class up erintendent, Miss H. Tewton asked }'..Irs. Herring to accept a ring made in the form of the Red Cross and the of the Flying' Squad, to commemorate her yaluable work at a time of great need. Returning thank for the lo nl}' gift, the Commandant said how proud she \\'as of her members, and thanked them for all the loyalty and support they had g iYen her during the past ten years. 1'\0t only she, but the people of Belfast were beginning to realise what yaluable work they w e rc doing.

Miss Hemphill (Section Leader) then presented Mrs. Flowerdew with a pair of bea,'er gloves as a mark of their appreciation for all the time and service she gave to the detachment.

DARLIXGTOX V.A.D.-An inspection of this detach, ment, which is also a Tursing Diyision of the S.lA. B., was carried out on Saturday, JUl1e 15th, by Captai n Bradford, D.S.O , County Controller, Major A. S. Cane, D.S.C., R.AM.C., Sister Urwin, Acting l\Iatron. Cat, terick Camp, and Mrs. Ritson, Lady District Offi cer S.lA.B. and Asst. Conlroller of the V.A.D. Maj or Cane expressed himself as vcry well satisfied \'\'ith the efficiency shown by the members, while Si ster Urwin also congratulated them on their knowledge of nursing.

This division, whose headquarters is at 22, North gate, would be glad to hcar of anyone wi hing to take up first-aiel work. Classes in first-aid and home nursing will be helel during the winter. At pre ent it has 24 memb ers, who, besidcs attending; shows, sports and other meetin gs, arrange for some of their number to bc in attenda nce at headquarters each evening from 6 to 7 p.m. and Oll Saturdays from 11 a.m. to 12 p.m. Medical appliances are also loaned lo those in need of them

Di\,. Surgeon A C. 'W h ite Knox of No. 86 (Horseferry) Division, S. ]. A. B., has been promoted La County Surgeo n for Western Area.

July, 1929. FIRST

Detailed Marking Sheet, No. 15.

Bearer AYO. I,

:\ porter ha ju t carried a hem'), trunk up three flights of stair He i:" no\\' complaining of pain in right groin and of fee ling sick and faint. Act as you hould.

Forth,,'ith place palient recumbent

Di:"col'er marked s\\'clling in right groin

,\.sk if . \yelling recent in origin ()'es)

If it came after lifting trunk (ycs)

Decide Hernia is probable cause

But cxclude other injurie elsewhere (1/0)

end fo r do .::to r in ta ntly (Jlot m,ailable)

rlace pillo\\' or rollld coat under knees

.\.ppl)' ice or cold ,,'ate r dressings to !:>\\'elling

Renew at intcr\'ab of fl\ 'e minutes

Ll)('lsen clothe and CO\'er \\'ith blanket l;i\ e hot drink of milk , tea or coffee

,\rrclllge prompt tran port to hospital

Bearer "0 2.

c1ro\\-s\' _ tale. On the floor nearby i. a bottle labelled " Poi;oll." He i kIll1\\'!1 to l;ecll dcprC':->sed and to hal c thn.'ateneel suicide. \d as Yl)U should.

Examine' bottle and no ll' :"111ell 2

.\ -k if '>ugge ti\'c of Laudanum (,1'( \') 2

Compare mel! of breath (sallh' odour)

'e nd at once for doctortaling , uspicion::i 2

Open clothe of neck, chest and wai - t

Obtain colel ,,'ater and dash on face

\\-et a lo\\'el and llick face and chest 2

hake \'igorously; per e\'lore at a ll 1

Obtain mustal'll, mix \\,ith \\'arm water 1

Make patient drink till he \'omits 1

Make patient get up and walk about room i

Gi\ 'e strong; black colTee in liberal do e '" 1

Gi\'e Permang-. Pota h (10 grain to pint) 1

Or 3 tablespoons ondy" Fluid to pint 1

Pre en-e any \'omit; lake charge of bollie 2

K eep \\'arm and continue to k eep ll\iet

Till doctor arriYe and take..;; charge of L'a l: .2

2-1-

\ porter, carrying a pair of 't ep upstair::;, stumbles and falls on his right side. He cough up bright red blood and pre' ing his hand against his injured side. -\cl a you

:"hould

:'Ilethod of a s i ting panel' down tair :2

Remoye to siUing room and place on couch .2

In as comfortable a po s ition a possible 1

Loosen clothes, neck, chest and \"aist 1

Examine side for signs of injury

Locate marked irregularity 6th and 7th rib::; 2

.bk if bruising (110), if \\'ound (no) 2

.-\sk if doctor a\'ailable (h7.'<'s 300 -,'ards) :2

Decide treat for Complicatf'd Fracture Rihs 1

E\.c1ude any injurie , e!sc\\, here (nollt') 2

InLline slig htly to\\'ards injured side 1

COler " 'a rml), : gin:, hot drink, tea or coFree 2

Place ann in large ar111 sling... 2

Omit bandag s round chest; encourage. 1

Summon doclor ; and a\"ait hi s arrintl 2 24

Bearer _Yo. 3-

Tra\'elling in a tramcar you nole lha t dark red blood from the right boo t of an old man ,\ ho is seated oppos ite to you. You byo triangular bandages in your pocket. Act as you s hould.

Prompt adnll1ce on patient

Tactfully explain what is happening

Orrer help a qualified First Aider

:'Ilake patient lie flat on floor

Ele\ ate limb and carefully place on scat

E. pose freely; locate Varicose Vein

.\pply pres ure on the bleeding spot

RCl11o\'e garter or other con triction

Do not touch or interfere wilh wound

Place clean handkerchief on wound

Usc one bandage to control dressing

And keep up pre sure on wound

l'sc other bandage as ligature belo\\' wound

.\sk for doctor (tram passes llOspital)

Rcmain with patient; consoling \yord"

Carry into hospital by Human StretchL'r

B ea rer _'"0. l. 24

111<l11 is fOllnd lying, fully dressed, on his b d in a

1

fette t s to the

\Y e are in no way resp onsible for the opinion s expressed, or the ,talements made, by Correspondents. - EDITOR.

IR ,I agree \\'ilh F. J. Clan \\'orthy':::, remark in the Jun G i sue, that hould be re-examined annually.

I recollect a hort time ago a corporal ,,'a - asked to a sll uad in stretch r drill and he openly admitted nol knO\\,ing the drill

\Yhile inefficient m en as this hold tripes there i not much hope of pr01110tion for others, and if thi ..;ort of thing continues, one mu t expect to be reminded of a Fred Kamo's comedy. -You L, etc., rTE. X.Y.2.

\XD CRITICI :'II.

:

DE ,\R Sm, -

To me, there i -suc h an abundance L)f deepl)' interesting subject in "F. A.)) for June that creates the cacoethes scr/belldi coupled \\,ith a reluctance to encroach on your I'Llluable pace, time and attention.

Yet there is 011(' item mentioned by your cl)rrespondenl of the \Yeymouth, No.9 Di\'ision, that has also occurred to me: that is the defect of the white cross badge on a " 'hite cap band. :\ly suggc ted remedr for cap badge is a \\ hite bado'e on a black - hiclJ. also think your corre::;pondcnt, \\'. {\t' \\'ll)l1, Binningham, i- right re -his suggestion of a standard ]101i::;h to be used b\' all rank for leather equipment. Rememb('r, bro\\"n belts \\:ere introduced to make a distinclil)J1 the black Police and Telegraph :\lc5 enger an d to <lH)id ol'erloadin o' the uniform \\'ith too much ,,'hlte . The statements of the i'l1edical Officer of Health, IslingLon G. lark Trotter, ?II. D., F.R Edin" are ah\'ays and deeply interesting, \\'hether written or oral, while the Brigade District Reports seem to me of an exceptionally all ro und encouraging character The 011 compelitions in Our Nurse s' rage ll11prCS cd 111e by their deep thoughtfulnc s Incenly and coml11on sense. " '?_

I find the reading of Ralhnl)' .-\mbulance (,\\'5, p. particularly pleasing, especially tl:ese. ,,'ords, "There 1 at last a mo\'e to\\'nrds simple and cflectl\ e first aid, promptly carried out'" how little, slll1plicity and el11cicncr is

FIRST

appreciated to-dny, a simple thing being regarded with sOl11ethin o likc contempt, IS l1oth1l1g Ilo\\'-a-days, ] regrct .\I;nual Inspection, London, is not treated as a matter of exceptional imporlance; fr0111 \\'hat ] can "'ather there was nothing to be ashanwd of.

'ow the condition of that l\Iunicipcd Institution, The London Ambulance Sen'ice, p. 3.)-+, is 1101 a matter for COJ11phccnt congratulation. and at least seyen stations ;,hort of an adequate prO\'ISlQn, and as I write fr0111 daily ob en'ation of its \\'ork all the year round, I am not onc of those \\·ho can indulge in extravagant laudation of London's :-1 unicipal supremacy, The ,\11lbulance, Pol icc, Fire Brigade or local gO\'ern11lcnt administration, I find, from personal obserYatlcn, qlllte as good at Brighton, Reading, ",Iargatc, Folkestone and, on the authority of " F. A,)) and other sources, Plymouth.

There is indeed much room for improyemenL I \\'ould remind your junior readers that it \\'as not until afler f'Z(lf'71fy years of ag'itatioll in the Press for the establishl:lel:t of. a :\f ullicipal A,I11bulance Sen'ice for London, an agItatIOn In which the Editor of "F. A." the late Dr. Heaton Howard played a prominent and effective part, that the present sen'ice c<lI;,e into existence at all, commencing- ti11lidly and tentati"el\' with six stations for the \yhole of London-as though there \yas not enough e\'idence wholesale to justify the expenditure of public money. There is no lack of in constant endeavour to sa\ e property by means of the FIre Brigade and Sahage Corps, but saying life, and mitigating human suffering is apparently not so profitable.

Sincerely yours, in the good of the" Cause,"

E. J. R,-\cr-.:."Trz.

BRIG.\DE "CNIFORl\I.

DEAR SIR,I read with great interest the comments on uniform reform in this month',; FIRST AlD.

l\lay I point out that if the "Snowinc," or \\'hate\'er the hat band IS cleaned 'nth, IS diluted with a little milk it will not rub orf.

I think that all leather equipment should be black, and that the collar should be uprigbl. Thc bottle ,,'auld be alright if the holt in the cork was of rustless metal. The ofilcers would look well with a silver hat band and siher piping down the trousers.

I also think tl,at the nurses should ,,'ear a light cloak or coat, such as is worn by hospital nur es in the summer months, instead of the present great coal. -Yours, &c., G. WOOD.

St. John's Gate Cricket Match.

FIVE years ago St. John's Gate challenged Central Area o. 1 District to play cricket, and the honours are still even. This year the match took place on Saturday, July 6th, at Acton, on the grounds of the Gas Light & Coke Coy., who again kindly lent a pitch, and resulted in a drawn game. The occasion was the Area Summer Social, and showery weather interfered with the game. For the Area Corpl. Archbold and the Asst. Commissioner were top scorers, while for the Gate Capt. Cahusac and Col. Airey were most successful.

This fixture is very popular in Central Area, and was honoured by the presence of many friends, some 60 people partaking of the tea arranged by Divisional Supt. F. E. Stallard, who always organises these gatherings with such success. Among the visitors were the Commissioner (Col.

A I D. July, 1929.

F. A. Brooks), Mr. \V. A. Fincham, District Officer N. Burton and 1\1 rs. Bu rton, and Mrs, Cahusac.

July, 1929. FIRST

hoped that arrangements would be made for further visits. As most of the party were old first-aidcrs, this obviously shows they are of the class of men that are most valuable in the practical application of their training.

Further such visits to other places and museums of like interest are now being arranged by the hon. secretary; also a series of lecture are under consideration, to be gi ven from time to time at the headquarters of the Pol ice Reserve by medical officers and other experts in first aiel. It might also be added that an Autumn programme is under consideration, so that it certainly suggests that these continuation classes have already justified their formation.

The City of London Pol ice Reserve have still vacancies for su itablc recruits. Application should be made personally at the headquarters any day except Saturdays, between the hours o[ 10 a.m. and 5 p.ln. All recruits interested in am blllance work, and all matters connected with this section, should communicate with Sergt. C. G. Emery, 119, Bunhill-row, E. C., the headquarters of the City of London Police Reserye.

City of London Police Reserve.

A.\IBULANCE

SECTION.

DESPITE the fact that the summer months are of necessity the slackest with regard to work in connection with all matters appertaining to first aid classes, etc., a good average attendance is being maintained with the continuation classes of the ambulance section. Perhaps this is to be accounted for in view of the fact that the members of the Police Reserve, who went up for tLeir annual training and examination earlier in the year ·with such phenomenal success, are all men who are exceptionally keen on their work. It used to be said of the Special Constabulary that they were apt to grow stale owing to their having so much "off duty" between the uniformed parades. Judging from facts and recent events this indictment does not in any sense apply to the City of London Police Reserve.

Under the direct supervision of the Chief Staff Officer, Capt. A. J. Roberts, matters in all the various braches of the Reserve have taken a most decided upward turn, and a general interest and renewal of activities seems to be the order of the day. This is particularly noticeable in regard to the ambulance section's work and progress. On the afternoon of Saturday, June 13th, a party of 22 members of the section, including 2 sergeants of the regular police, paid a visit to the Royal College of Surgeons, and a most interesting two hours was spent, the general verdict being that it was

Queries and , J\nswers to eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules :-

1. -Letler3 containing Queries must be rrarked on the lop left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4.

2.-All Queries must te accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.- The TeKtbook. to which refe- ence be made in columns is the 38th tr928) Edition of S.J. A. A. Manual of First Aid.

THEATi\IENT OF BUR:--'s.

1\1. I\. (Coyentry).-RecenOy the ne\vspapers r2ferrecl to the successful treatment of Burns with Tannic Acid. \Ve would like to 11c L1p-lo-datc; and as the Textbook can only advise Lise of Bicarbonate of Soda solution, we ask your hel p.

The medical journals have reccntly reported, as you say, th e successful usc of Tannic .Acid in treatment of Burns. As, howe\'er, thp. solution mu t be accurately prepared, freshly maul', and continuously applied for -+8 hours, it follows that such treatment is beyonclthe scope of First .\id. So stick to the Textbook and -do not look for tmuble.-:\!. CORBET FLETCIIER.

EXAMf rATION HOWLER.

1\1. R. (Cannon SL).-In a recent cxamination a member of our class was as1{ed what he would do for a case of on-Corrosive Poisoning after having administered an emetic. He repl icel with all conflclence. -" ut'7:'C 1 lIlIt/C'S dope," \\' e laughed; and thc su rgcon exam ner smiled at this new name for" antidotc."

Good! Next, plea e!! N.C.F.

FRACTCREO PATELL \:\[) BLEE[)I:\C; BL'TTOCK.

T. c. ] n a recent c0111pelition we had to treat a patient who was ;,uITcring- from profu'>c arterial bleeding' from a wound ill the bUllock and also from n. simple fracture of patella, S011ll! teams placed patient on his ldt siele and then treated the wound. Others \yere content to case paticnt up slig-htly ill on1el' to treat the \\ ound, ,\s some dirrerencc of opinion exists, \H shall \\'e!come your ruling.

Jf ] had to treat such a case, ,,"auld take steps t\) keep the lower limbs fully extended and to tic thcm together. Then I would turn palient to the prone position, expose and treat the wound in ordinary way. If paticnt wcre placed on left sicle, the dirficultips in treatment of ,,'ound ",ith arterial bleeding \yould be increased; and if he were only" eased up," it ",ould he \\'ell nigh impossihe to treat ,;uch :1 ,\'ound, _ '.C.F.

HnlOL RS OF l'\L·RS!;\,(.. ;\, \1. (Goo1e).-I have recenth hael to dress an old man for carbuncle in his neck; -ancl, in accordance \\ ,ilh the doctor's orders, I ha\'e had to bathe it \\ ith a ,;olu t ion of Epsom salts and water and Lo apply a paste of Epsom salts on a poultice. The patient's son ha s proyed an intcl'ested spectator: and yesterday he amused me by asking-" If /Zl' use I"!-psolll salts? TJo lickle the gerllls to deatlz ,'J" I was so tickled that I pass the on to you.

Good Xext, please

USE OF FOR \\'oe:---nc,.

M.. (Cardirf). - You hm' e sC\ era1 times explained the dangers of soaking lint or cottol1\yool in Iodine and placing in contact " itil a \, ound. ,yonder "'hat you said when you read the detailed marking .;;heet u.;;ed for ] nter-Raih\'ay Preliminan Competition and published on p, 292 of isslle of .\10, whcre -+ marks are g:i\ en for such treatment.

I think you haye misread the instruc t ion, \vhich ",as to co\'er "'ith lint soaked in Iodine. You ",ill note later that a sterile pad "'as to be applied to the ,,'ound. theless, I should ha\'c preferred the Iodine to hm e been painted on fingers, though I note that there is no further refcrencc to usc of Iodine while \"oulld is being dressed later.

C. F.

Trm,\nlE:\T OF H.-\:\'Gr:\'G.

P. B, (Co\'eneton), During a recent di cusstion .on treatof Hanging, S0111e one stated that the pohcc "'ould object seriously if we interfered "'ith a patient wh.o \\'<:s found hanging, and thal it would be \yiser to a\\alt their arriYal before taking patient c!O\YI1.

Do not be silh' .c\s a qualified Fir::.t Aider you should act as the Tcxtbook intructs \OU, lest the police upon arri\'al find a dead body instead ' of resuscitated patienl.l\.C.F.

C SE OF PICRIC Ann,

J. B. CWest HartIepool).-In the J.unc issue of. Fl.RST I note conflicting \' ie\\'s concern1l1g use of Plcnc.• as dressing for Burns. v\ e have used it in an EngIlleenng Factory here for se\'era1 years; and I am nm\' \yonderin o if ;ou would ad\,ise us to discontinue sLIch use. If h - 't I ? I so, what dressing ,,'ould you 111 I S P acc shall be grateful for your "alued ad"lce.

If your present mcthods of dressing Burns are fadory, then why alter them? I lut\'e al"'ays found It is \"i. "to lcaYc \ye11 alone." In any case, the deCISion

must come frolll your Mcdical Officer who alolJe is competel1t to answer the question.

Personally I do nol regard Picric \ cid as a First Aid dressing; and in my practice I fo low the Nm·,L! practice and use an ointment made up of boracic ointment and vaseline in equal parts.- .C.F

CAUSES OF INSENSIBILITY.

W. S. would like your opl11l0n with reference to a question set in a recent test paper and which read thus cc A man was lying- in a mine unconscious and unable to use his lower limbs. Blood ",va. issuing from his mouth." 'Vc su peeled tbat he ",vas ::-.uffering from a Fracture of Spine or Peh is. Are we right?

Your qucstion does not gi\·e me sufl-lcienL facts all which 1 can form a diagnosis, more especially as many causes of insensibility would be accompanied by inabilily to mO\·e the lower limbs. So I will not waste time in making blind guesses at cause of the condition, evcn if I suspect Fractured Base of Skull.-N.C.F.

ETIllCS OF FIRST -\10.

J. E. (Gorton).-Last week " 'e had to treat a young lady ,, ho fell off a tram, was insensible, and was clearly sufferi ng from Concussion of the Brain. The Inspector of Trams asked us whal should be done; and we at once advised him to call the ambulance and to get patient quickly to hospital.

\t this moment a Police Sergeant in plain clothes came up, oyerruled our advice, and said that we must wait for a Pol icc Officer who would telephone for ambulance The unfortunate patient, consequent on this ruling, had to be kept lying on the floor of the Tram Offi ce for half an hour before we could get her away.

'Ve now wonder if wc hould have ignored the Police Sergeant and ha\ 'e phoned for the ambulance as soon as we realised the serious condition of the patient; and we ask if you will ad"ise us on this point for our future guidance.

Doctors and First A.iders can only give ad"ice and offer assistance which patients and responsible officials may accept or refuse, as the), see fit. Further, in treet emergencies Police Officers, who represent the law, take full charge and are wi t hin their rights to accept or refuse the ao istance of First Aiders.

On your statement of facts, the Police Sergeant in this instance ga\'e his decision; and, howe\'e r foolish it \vas, it would be most unwise for you to interfere. Under the circumstances, all you could do was to emphasise the need for' keeping' the insensible patient in recumbpnt po ition with head to side and \\'a rm1), cO\·ered with rug, pending arrival of police F.

F OR a SL John Litter, almost ne\v and in perfect condItIOn, -:£'16 or nearest offer. The reason for selling the purchas1l1g of a i'llotor Ambulance. Further parbe h,ad fro111 Walter Logan, Div. Secretary, B1l1glcyDlvJslon, S.].A.B., 10, Rook-street, Bingley, Yorks.

District Individual and Ambu lance Shield Competltton.-The 6th Annual Open Competition

Will be held on Saturday, August 2+th, 1929, in a ield kindly lent for th e occasion, when a Shie ld and "aluable prizes will be given to 1 t, 2nd and 3rd teams also fou r indi\'idual For furthe: particulars apply'Secretary, E. Steel, 8, Vlctona-terrace, Snydalc, ncar Pontcfract.

S.J.A.B. STOCK

POSTERS

Bizes-40 in. x 23 in & 20 in. >< 12 in.

Printing Spaces-l8in. x l7in. & 9in. x 8in

Especially suitable for advertisin g the Brigade Film.

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EDITORIAL .

THE high state of efficiency, S.] A. B. good discipline and progress has REPORT . been fully maintained, says Major- Genera l Sir Percival S. Wilkinson (Acting Chief Commissioner of the S.] .A. B . ) in his ann ual report.

The net increase of strength du ring 1928 consisted of 104 divisions with a personnel of 3,662. The Brigade now consists of 1,128 men's di visions, 556 women's divisions-1,684 in all, with a pe rsonne l of 38,222 men and 13,409 women, -51,6 31 in a l l. There are, in addition, 292 cadet divisions, to which 3,892 boys and 1,922 girls belong.

The ca ll s made for the services of Brigade pe rs onnel s h ow a l arge increase, and the Commissioner refe rs to th e increasing amo u nt of support given to t h e B ri gade by the police and mun icipa l authorities, and the p u b li c . D etails of the immense amount of duty undertaken in 1928 are given i n th e reports . A n analys is of the return shows that 317,671 cases of acc ide nt and sudden illness received at t e n t io n.

Many n ew ambu lances have been gIven or

purchased by units of the Ambulance Transport Service. During the year 106 ambulances dealt with 2,292 accidents and 16,371 removals of invalids. The distance traversed amounted to :2 71 , 532 mil es .

In conclusion, the Commissioner states that he has no hesitation in believing that the Brigade will continue to increase in numbers each year.

The desire to join the ranks is reaching all grades of society, all ages and professions. In making men and women acquainted with sufferIngs which they themselves may never have experienced or seen, it softens their hearts, awakens their sympathies and excites their courage.

,\VE are pleased to note that in BRITISH RED the Society's Report for 1928 CROSS SOCIEY'S the movement is still progressREPORT. ing. The principal event during the year was the initiation of the campaign against rheumatism, and extracts from a paper by R. II. P. Orde, Director of the Central Bureau of Hospital Information, is contained in the report.

The Blood Transfusion Service has continued active, and during the past year 1,333 calls were answered. At present the personnel numbers 750, but efforts to attract fresh recruits to cope with the heavy demand are being made.

Health lectures by the Society continue their successful career. Ten or eleven tours per year seem the average, but it must be remembered that there are from sixty to seventy lectures given In each tour.

The work of the V.A. Detachments and Red Cross Detachments continued steadily during the year. The total number of mobile badges and badges on brassards issued were t, 379, and of immobile badges and badges on brassards 3,362.

With reference to the appeal for clothing for

the distressed in the coal fields, 30,000 articles of clothing for men, women and children haev been forwarded to the various areas.

The Branch reports show that, on the whole, interest has been fairly maintained, whilst numbers have shown an increase.

Pioneers of Medicine.

PAUL EHRLICH, 1854-1915.

A HALF-CENTURY ao-o a boy in a Breslau school b L'f handed in an extraordinary essay on I e considered as a dream," which was returned by his teachers as too wildly imaginative to be given consideration. The underlying idea of this essaythat life and mental activity are normal processes of oxidation-was later to lead its author, Paul Ehrlich, to chemical discoveries of the greatest im portance. .

Paul Ehrlich was born in 1854 at StrehIen In Silesia, his father being a Jew. He was educated at the neighbouring University of Breslau, where we are told he was but an indifferent student, and o-raduated later in medicine at Strasburg. From rhe first he devoted much attention to the chemical aspects of medicine, and to the action of chemical substances on living bodies. His work in biochemistry followed and continued that of Pasteur and Lister in bacteriology.

He began his career as a chemist by investigating the effect of the action of various dyes on living cells, and arrived at the discovery of a red dye, known as" trypan red," which was widely used in the treatment of diseases brought about by the parasites known as trypanosomes, and another dye known as "methylene blue," used in quartan fever.

Although possessed of the truly scientific spirit, Ehrlich's aims were consistently practical. His interest in the problem of immunity led him into a long series of experiments. Why was it that, in the case of many diseases, one attack rendered a person practically immune to a subsequent infection? Why was it that occasionally a second attack was nevertheless recorded? Why was it that some epidemic diseases affected animals and yet did not attack man?

Ehrlich showed that many of the problems of infection and immunity were closely connected with the action of drugs. He showed that an antiseptic capable of destroying one germ might prove useless in the very same strength against another. There must be some condition present in the living cells of the body which enables a drug to affect that living cell. From this arose his "side-chain" theory, which explains immunity as the resldt of

chemical reactions. In thc course of his researches he greatly im proved existing methods of preparing serums and evolved a method of testing and standardising diphtheria anti-toxin.

But Ehrlich's greatest discovery by far w as that of salvarsan, or "606" as it is called in laboratory phraseology, because it was the 606 t h experiment in the series, a fact which proves th a t it was no chance "find" but the culmination of many months' hard work. Its is dioxydiaminoarsenobenzol! Ehrltch was loolnn g for a substance that would completely destroy the germs of syphilis in the body. started fro:n the fact that arsenic had been used WIth success 111 the treatment of syphilis, and he gave directio ns to those chemists who assisted him to prepare certain chemical substances for trial, although t he effects could not be predicted with certainty. T he final result was salvarsan, which was first tried by Ehrlich's Japanese assistant, S. Hata. The dru g caused a marvellous improvement with extre me rapidity and, though experience has shown that it cannot reach all the infecting germs, it has prov ed most valuable. It cleans up the ugly sores a nd eruptions thus minimizing the possibility of infecing others with the disease.

The great chemist was not hImself satisfi ed with his production and made further experime nts in the same series, which resulted in the product ion of neo-salvarsan and sodium-salvarsan, both of which are now widely used in the treatment of syphilis.

Ehrlich's private secretary, Martha Marquardt, has lately published a most facinating accoun t.of his every-day life. He was a human man, w!t h oddities and eccentricities. He loved detect iv e novels, and the only evening in the week he did not ask his wife to play to him on the pl ano was Sunday evening, when a 30-pfennig cop y of the last number of a detective journal was an i rresistable counter-attraction. Serious music depressed him, but he loved simple airs and li gh t waltzes and it was when his wife played s uc h music he walked up and down smoking h is inevitable cigar that his best ideas came t o him. These he would jot down, filling m a ny writing pads. Once he remarked that even if he did nothing further himself, there were eno ug h ideas in his note-books to give employment to a dozen chemists for years under his direction.

Ehrlich died in the midst of the Great W a r, but even at such time the loss of so valuabl e a scientist caused a profound stir throughout t he world. His great contributions to the advanc e ?f bio-chemistry and medicine had been signalise d [11 1908 by his being awarded the Nobel Prize Medicine, and he received many honours from h [5 Government, as well as marks of distinction f ro m countless universities and scientific societies throu g hout the world.-League 0/ Red Cross Socz'etz'es.

August, 1929. FIRST

The Special Constabulary and First Aid.

By a Specz'aZ Correspondent.

No one can deny that as an Auxiliary Force the S pecial Constabulary is unique and stands quite apart from any other body of men as regards its org anisation. Its purpose has been more definitely understood by the public generally ever since its pe rmanent embodiment at the beginning of the late wa r, and its usefulness is now an accomplished fact , as witnessed during the war and subsequently at t he time of the great strike in 1926. Much has bee n said in the press in praise of the assistan t or a ux iliary Police Service after many of our City a nd Metropolitan functions at \vhich so many Spe cials have been on duty with their brethren of t he senior service - the Regular Police, and judging by the very complimentary reports that have bee n sent from the Chief Commissioner of Police to the Chief Staff Officer of the Special Constabulary (I a m speaking now more particularly of the Metropolitan and City Specials), and subsequently conveye d in orders to all ranks, it should be a matter of g reat ')atisfaction to ever member of the Force to k now that his personal sacrifice in turning out to th ese optional duties is so much appreciated by the authorities in command. It is a fact, however, and a most regrettable one, that the gene ral public are seemingly so apathetic in their view s and so caustic in their criticisms of Special Cons tables generally and the value they are to the R eg ular Police. Possibly, and very probably, it is th at they are not seen often enough in uniform to warrant the same amount of familiaritv as are othe r bodies of men, such as the St. J Ambulance Brigade or the Red Cross Units.

I t is to this particular point that I am veering to, k nowing that there is at least one way in which th e S pecial Constable can contribute to increase his popu larity with the pu bl ic, and which I am privileged by the Editor to explain to the many reacl.ers of F IRST A1D, and amongst them to the members of t he various ambulance services; I refer to the su gg estion that every Special Constable should, as part of his duty and equipment, become proficient in F irst Aid. Speaking more particularly of the CiLy of London Police Reserve, in which I have had the honour of serving for many years, this matt er has now received the very .serious consi de ration of the Chief Staff Officer, and with the sanc tion of the Commissioner of the City Police (Si r Hugh Turnbull), all the men of the City Police are being encouraged to join up for a continuation of the training in First Aid work in additi on to the, five weeks' training given annually in pre pa ration for the St. John examination, which has always formed part of their training and general instructional course. I t is certainly gratifying

to know that an average of 70 men pass out in these examinations each year.

The question, however, o(every Special Conthoroughly efficient in rendering FIrst AId, IS one that should commend itself to every man serving in and wearing the uniform of the Special Constabulary. "'\,vith the appalling increase in the number of street and road accidents during the last four or five years, it is surely a matter of immediate concern to these men in particular, to be able to render First Aid in a case of accident; to be able to improvise splints and bandages and attend to an injury on the spot, and to generally help to alleviate suffering until the arrival of either a doctor or the ambulance.

It may not be generally known that in the case of the City Police every man must pass his third or medallion examination course. In the Metropolitan Police Force it is, I belie ve, a matte r of choice, or rather it was until a few years ago, but now the passing of the first examination in First Aid is essential for further promotion in the ranks.

It is then no matter of wonder that the Cit y of London Police are acknowledged to be the finest force in the world. First Aid is one of their strongest points of efficiency, and with a con g ested City traffic, unequalled in other city or town, the loss of life from street accidents is practicall y nil, owing to the high standard of trainin g in First Aid and the wonderful efficienc y of the Am bulance Service at their immediate call. The Junior Service, i.e., the City Police Reserve, ha v e now a great number of qualified men, and mor e are becoming so by means of the continuation classes which have come into being thi s y ear. It is , I believe, also a feature of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary, though onl y in one or two Di v isions as yet.

It is, however, to be hoped that, with due credit to the men who has giving up the extra -time to become efficient in FJrst Aid as the most essential part of a Special Constable's trainin g , the Commissioners of Police will ev entuall y , and before long, stipulate it as a matter of compulsion with all men of the Special Constabulary , a s it is with practically every other Police Force, including Private, Railway and Dock Pol ice.

We re gr e t t o a nnounc e th e d ea th of i\lr. \V. ]. H a r r is al Sydn ey, N.S.vV., on May 27th la st. F o r m a ny yea r s i\Ir. Harris w a s th e Di v ision a l Supt. of th e Gl e be Did io n, N.S. W., and Servin g Bro t her of th e Order.

A "li\ e wire" in ambul a nc e \York is Ir. H. ]. H a mmond of the Red Cross \V a n t e a d D e t ac hm e nt. H e goes on duty on a ll days of th e al:d a t all hour s, il: a district wh e re motors of every pOSSIble kIlld a nd a ll d eSC rIptions of drivers are to be found.

Brigade Dzstf/zct Reports.

No . I ( Prince of Wales') Distnct.

BRICKLf\ YERS ARMs.-On Saturday, July 13th, the Bricklayers AnTIS Division held their annual Divisional Competition at the Bricklayers Anns Station for the " Miles" cup and medals.

A large number of visitors were present, includingAssistant Commissioner Dr. McIntyre and Mrs. McIntyre, District Officer F. W Clifford (Southern area), District Officer E. J Prew ( o. 8 District), l\Ir. and Mrs. G. Oxley, 1\1rs. Dunlop and Messrs. D. G. Miles, and F. G. White, Divisional Surgeon Hugh A. Dunlop being the judge. Scenery depicting a railway smash \\'as shown and the teams had to deal with a passenger, whom they found covered with debris. Examination showed that the patient had a compound fracture of right leg and head inj uries. Team got quickly to work and within the allotted time, 20 minutes, had dressed wounds and conveycd to hospital. After the competition all adjourned for tea. This was followed by a social and dance during which the results were made known and the prize-giving took place.

:'1r. F. W. White presided at the function and after a short speech asked Corps. Supt. A. J Green to announce the results which were as follows: _It Miles" cup and medals, Pte. H. Bowes' team; Runners-up, Pte. G. Ironmonger's team; highest individual, Pte. G. Ironmonger; highest non-competition man, Pte. G. Barnes; smartest man on parade, Pte. H. Bowes. Mrs. Dunlop then presented the various prizes, also a little souvenir to the patient.

Dr. Dunlop congratulated the Division on its work and thanked Corps. Supt. Green for the work he had done in organising the Corps. Supt. Green suitably replIed. The r ema111der of the evening was spent in dancing, music by the Aurara Dance Orchestra.

HITIIER GREEN -We regret to report the death of Dr. George A. Maling, V.C, M.A., M.B. , B.Ch ., who away on July 9th. He was for the last 7 years DIvISIonal Surgeon of the I-lither Green Division and last year was ad.mit.ted as a life member of the S.JA.A.

A semI-mIlItary funeral took place at Chislehurst Ceme.tery on July 12th, detachments from the S.JA.B. form111g of the :t:loral tributes were sent by the CommIsslOner No. 1 DIstnct, and the local Diyision.

.SOUTI!:\LL.-The Southall Division held an enjoyable WhlSt Dnve on Wednesday, July 24th, at the Beaconsfield Road Schools.

Twenty tables were filled. Ambulance Sisters Matting}ey, Wilmot, Kirkerty} Standage and 1\111ss Grove were 111 charge of the refreshments whilst Supt. J E. Taylor acted as M.C . Mrs. Burbage kindly presented the prizes to the lucky ladles and gentlemen. Supt.]. E. Taylor thanked those p.resent for theIr support, also the Conservative AssociatIOn who had postponed their whist drive, which should have taken place on same evening.

The Cadets ?elong111B to the Division paraded at the FIrst-AId Dress111g StatlOn on August 6th, under the of 1\mb. Officer J. W Turner to receive the JunIOr Flrst-1\ld Cert.ificate, which were presented by Mr. H. Leach, Chlci l\laypole Margarine Company.

After presentlng the certificate Mr. Leach stated that they would contil?ue the useful work they had commence.d :'lnd rccerve 111 due course the medallion of the AssoclatlOn.

No. 22 (HOSPITAL SUNDAY FUND).-The "Florence" trophy (anonymously given) has been won this year by Pte F. C Cousins, followed by Pte. G. Willoughby as the runner-up. The third prize-winner (a lso presented anonymously) is Pte. F. J Edginton.

No. 2 District.

ALDERSHOT.-About 24 members of the Aldersh ot Cadet Division took part in thc annual competition in the Y M.CA. Hall on vVednesday evening, July 17th. Th ey were under the command of Cadet-Officer Thomason. The senior members of the Brigade present were Supt. C H. Pearson, Amb.-Officer Knott} Pt.e. Morley, and Dr. C E. Paterson, who judged the competition.

The cup presented by Mrs. Morley in memory of Pte. F. G. Morley} who was a member of the Brigade, as an incentive to the Cadets to become efficient ambula nce members, was won by No. 1 Team, consisting of CpI. R. Crumpton, Cadets Bishop, Moore} Coles and Hargro ves. They secured 161 out of a possible 210 points. No.2 T eam was second with 138 points} and Sergt. ash's Team third with 134 points.

The cup and medals were presented to the winn ing team by Mrs. Morley.

Dr. Paterson told thc Cadets that they had all done well in the team tests, but it was necessary not to overlook any points. He also emphasised that the duty of the officer in charge was to give orders and not to take a hand in the work.

Supt. Pearson stated that in the individual test the questions were, with one or two exceptions, answered fairly well, but a little more att.ention to book work was necessary.

Dr. Paterson moved a vote of thanks to Mrs. Morley for the interest she had shown in the Division by pres enting th .e Cup.

Capt. Pearson, in seconding) said it had been his ambition for some time to secure a cup, and Mrs. Morley had generously come forward and presented one.

BRISTOL.- The Zoological Gardens, Clifton} wa s the venue chosen for the annual stretcher competitions promoted by the Bristol Centre of the S.].A.A., which were held on Saturday} July 27th. Forty Teams from with in a radius of 12 miles of Bristol Corn Exchange entered for the six events and the work done in the enclosures pro vided for the purpose was of a high standard} the. competi tion in some cases being particularly keen.

Standard tests were set, each judge setting his own ,kl-tlresh·"OB-s......which had to be based on the contents of the thirty-ninth: edition of the manual. The L. & M.S. No. ea on the chief trophy, which is a testimony to their efficiency.

Mr. R. Edwin Bush, Knight of Grace of the Ord er of St. John, speaking at the cup distribution, said he was afraid the people of Bristol did not take the interest they should in the S.].A.B. and the magnificent voluntary wo rk done by its members for their fellow-citizens. In the past year the Brigade in Bristol had carried 6}000 people who had been inj ured in accidents, and also rendered first -aid to over 30,000 people who had met with an accident or illness. Apart from six drivers who must be alwa ys at call, and therefore were paid, all this work was done voluntarily.

In the Bristol Centre during the last year 500 had been added to the already large number of people com-

August, 19 29. F I RST

petent to render first-aid) and he appealed for greater practical interest and assistance from the citizens. The work of the Bristol Association had been recognised by the central organisation in a number of honours which had been conferred. Dr. C. C. Lavington had been made a Commander of the Order, Mr. Egbert Webb (Hon. Centre Secretary) a Serving Brother, and Mr. W. C Hawkins (Hon. Centre Treasurer) had received from the Chancery of the Order a vellum vote of thanks.

The cups, with medals for each member of the teams, were distributed by Mrs. Bush.

The organisation of the competitions was in the hands of Mr. W. G. Hawkins and Mr. Egbert Webb.

The results were as follows: _It Cyril Lavington" Cup, for teams, all holders of the S.J.A.A. Medallion (judges, Drs. H. N. M. Strover and F. H. Bodman).-l, 1.MS. Loco No. I, 175 (out of possible 200); 2, Lysaght's No.1, 167; 3, Packer's No.1 and Bedminster No.2, 166 (tied).

"Beavis" Cup (judges, Drs. H. G. Kyle and W. H.

noon, July 13th, Major-General Sir Percival Wilkinson K.C, M.G.) CB., inspected the Cheltenham Corps and Gloucester Divisions of the Brigade in the presence of a large number of th.e townspeople, including the Mayor (Alderman C H. Margrett), Councillors W. Welstead and G. O. Dunn.

Before the inspection Sir Percival was the guest of honour of the county and local St. John officers at the Queen's Hotel, those present including Col. Cardew (Chairman S.J.A.A.) Cheltenham Centre), the Mayor, Rev. R. H. M. Bouth (Chairman of the local Joint Ambulance Headquarters), Councillor G. O. Dunn (Treasurer), Dr. A. Barrett Cardew (Corps Secretary), Dr. Andrews (Surgeon), and the officers whose names are given below as tak ing part in the parade.

With Sir Percival during the inspection were Dr. Hepplethwaite (County Surgeon), acting as A.D.C and Corps Inspector of Stores, Mr. J. T. Mullins, Rev. C Cousens Petch (Corps. Supt.) '.vas in command, and other

By Ce)7(rtes.y] [.Y"rthalilpfcUl Independent 'vV. Harvey Ree\'es, O. B. E., ]. P., C01l1Il1is

Elliott).-I, Clifton Division, 172 (aLIt of possible 200); 2, Bedminster No.2, 171; Packer's No. I, 170. " Squire" Cup (Handicap), for teams all holders of the S.J.A.A, Medallion (judges, Drs. Norman Burgess and A. J. Struthers).-I) L.M.S. Loco No. I} 273! (out of possible 300); 2, Bedminster No.2, 2681; 3, Clifton Division, 263 e( Mather" Cup, for teams who have 110t won a competition at the Bristol Centre (j udges, Drs. N. P. Dyer and ]. A. Lawson Roberts).-I, Bedminster No. I, 153 (out of possible 200); 2, N etham A) 150; 3, Packer's No.2, 140.

Novice Cup, for teams which have not won a competition at the Bristol Centre (judges, Dr. J. M. Evans and Lt.-Col. P. H. Collingwood).-I, L.M.S. Loco No.2, 133 (out of po ible 200); 2, Packer's No.2, 125; 3} Netham A,124.

CIIELTENHAM.-Jn Sandford Park, on Saturday after-

officers on parade were Corps Surgeon Dr. Hutton, Div. Supt. Tandy) Diy. and Corps Sergt.-Major Bc:llinger (Friendly Societies' Diyision). Div. Supt. LeWIS, and Amb.-Officer Gardner (Town Division), Inspector Pugh (Gloucestershire Constabulary) of whom there were nearly 20 on parade)} Dr. Grace Billings and Dr. Gwen. Brown (Div. Surgeons) in command of the St. John nurses), StaffSergt. 1\1orris (Gloucester W.agon Works) a!1d Sergt. Clark (Gloucester City). MUSIC for the march111g movements was provided by the Gloucester Wagon Works Silver Band. Forming a guard of honour was a representative squad of the Red Cross (Glos. VII), in c.harge of Major BowIe Evans} and the Agg-Gardner memonal ambulance flanked the ranks of the force on parade, whIch, all told, totalled about 140.

After the inspection, those on parade marched to St. Luke's School, where they were the guests at tea of lVIr. John Player.

ioner No. 3 (Ea tern) Di strict inspecting Ambulance and I\"ursing Di"isions.

No . 3 Dist rict.

KETTERING.- The Annual Inspection of the Corps, comprising 9 Divisions and 5 N Divisions, was held at Kettenng on Saturday evemng, July 20th. There was. a very attendance of the public1 who were much ll1terested m the work can led out.

Commissioner W. Harvey Reeves, O . B.E., J.P ., the Inspecting Officer, was by Mrs W. Harvey Reeves, A.R.R.c., Lady Dlstnct Officer M1SS Mawby, M.B.E., Districr Officer J. C. Parker and others. Corps Supt. C. W. Curtis was in charge of the parade

There was a very good turn out, the total number on parade being 245, 151 men and 94 women.

WELLIl GBORouGH.-The Northampton and Wellingborough Corps had their combined inspection on July 20th at Wellingborough.

There was a large muster, 332 nurSll1g members and 229 men. a total of 561.

Commissioner W. Harvey Reeves, O.B .E., J.P., accompanied by Mrs. W. Harvey Reeves, was the inspecting Officer. Othcrs present were Dlstnct Officer J. c. Parker, Lady District Officer Miss L. E. Mawby, M.B.E., Corps Supt. W. H. Percival (Northampton Corps), and Corps Supt. J. M. Bailey (Wellingborough Corps).

Officers and ranks turned out exceptionally well, and althoua-h it was tropical weather, there was a large gathering ot the public. Drill, work and the mat'ch past were all excellently carned out.

N o. 4 District

EGREMoNT -At Beckermet on Saturday, July 20th, an open practical ambulance competition was held under the auspices of Beckermet British Legion Sports, at which eight teams from various parts of Cumberland contested.

The winning team was provided from the Egremont Division S.J.A.A., which consisted of Pte. S. Cockbain, Cpl. J. Casson, Pte. ]. Kilburn and Sergt. ]. Dixon (capt.).

The placings were :-1, Egremont S.].A.B., 92; 2, Aspatria B. Colliery, 87; 3, Whitehaven L.M.S., 85; 4, Florence Mine, 81; 5, Allcoats Mine, 81; 6, Aspatria A. Colliery, 79; 7, Millom, 76; 8, St. Helens (Lancs.), 76.

The competing teams had to deal with a person found suffering from a fractured thigh and a large bleeding wound in the same region. The patient was lying over girders, two feet from the floor of a disused dutch barn, situated at the foot of a steep hill up which the patient had to be taken.

The judge was Dr. Maxwell, of Whitehaven. Each member of the winning t.eam was awarded a watch.

BRIERFIELD.-On Saturday, ] uly 27th, the" Tunstall " Shield Ambulance Competition took place, in connection with the Brierfield, Preston, S.J.A.B. Six teams entered and Preston and Kendal came out equal with 331 marks out of a possible 400. This necessitated further tests after which Preston were adjudged the winners by 4 marks, Kendal second and Colne third, each of these receiving prizes.

No 5 Dis trict.

BULLcRoFT.-A garden fete and ambulance competition, arranged by the Bullcroft Main Corps, on the BuIIcroft Cricket Ground, on Saturday, July 20th, proved a great success, 29 men's teams and nine women's teams competing compared with 19 and five respectively last year.

Yorkshire Main (Edlington) carried off the men's event and also supplied the winner of the individual prize The feature of the women's competition was the remarkable success of the Denaby Main team who have won the cup for three years running.

The officials included: Corps Officer and Secretary,

A In. August , 1929.

Mr. J. H. Alcock; Assistant Sec r eta r y,. Mr. T Allen; Diy ::iupt. ]. B ull ard; Amb -Officer G Dav l s ; Corps Sergt.Major, J. Beaumont; and Judges, Dr. C. Sheahan! CorpsSergts J. Ashforth, T. L. Ashfort hJ Kelly, McFetndge and Bowie

The results were as follows :-" W i lliam H u mble" Challenge Shield : 1 Yorkshire Main, 294;.2, Barnborough Main ( 1), 280; 3, Doncaster Borough Pollce, 278 . Prize for the best individual: S Hunt, Yorkshire Main, 49 marks out of a possible 50.

The prizes were distributed by Mrs. Humble.

ELLAND. - Thirty - eight teams competed in a n ambulance competition, held on Saturday, ] uly 27th, ill connection with the demonstration and carnival arrang ed by the EIland Division, S.J.A.B , and the Men's O wn Brotherhood

After an interesting competition the results wer e announced as follows :-1, Dinnington Main Colliery; 2, vVheldale Colliery; 3, Silverwood Colliery; 4, Whitwood Colliery.

Mr. Buxton (M.P. for EIland) presented the priz es

NOTTINGHAM.-For nearly three hours a large cro wel of people watched with the keenest intcrest the division al teams of the Nottingham Corps of the St. J oh11 Ambulan ce Brigade, compete for thc Gibson Shield, a trophy pr esented by Mr. A. B. Gibson (Assistant Commissioner o f the area), on ] uly 14th.

The competition is an annual one, and the test, an accident case, arranged and staged by Dr. Doris Nicklin, was extremely difficult. Briefly, the accident was a collision between a motor cyclist who had a young lady pillion rider, and a motor car. The motor cyclist sustain ed abdominal inj uries, the girl-pillion rider severe concu ssion, whilst the lady-driver of the motor car was in a st at e of hysteria.

The twelve teams, which consisted of a captain a nd four privates, who were each allowed 15 minutes in whi ch to deal with all three patients, did their work wonderfull y well and brought great credit to their respective division s Equally creditable, however, was the work of the thr ee patients, Mr. T. Brown, Miss M. Knowles and Miss L. Maltby, all members of the St. ] ohn Ambulane.e Briga de , who cleverly impersonated injured people and made th e task of the teams all the more difficult.

Dr. Nicklin acted as judge, and amongst thc offic crs present were Assistant-Commissioner A. B. Gibson a nd and Corps Officers H. C. Ratcliff and F. Carrier

The results were as follows :-1, Cinc1erhill Divisi oll, 125 points; 2, City Division, 122; 3, Basford Division, 103.

At the close of the tcst, Assistant-Commission er Gihson presented the shield to the winning team, w it h silver cups to its members and silver cups to the runner sup.. I-Ie also presented silver cups to Bulwcll division and the Cammell Laird and Co.'s Division, who were t he winners of the first and second divisions of the St. ] ohn Ambulance League during the past year.

The Assistant-Commissioner and Dr. Nicklin warml y congratulated th.e teams on their work.

PONTEFRACT.-The Annual Dn,1mheaQ Service of the Pontefract and Micklegate Divisions was held on Sunday, July 21st, at Pontefract. Over 1,000 officers, men, nurses, boy and girl cadets wer e welcomed by the Mayor (Councillor P. Wilson, J.P.).

The service was held on the lawn at the Castle. The Mayor said that he did not think they couJd have comc to a more suitable place than Pontefract, with its histori ca l associations, especially those of the Castle.

Corps Supt Amery, who was in charge of the parade, thanked the Mayor and members of the Corporation for their attendance, and a l so the members and office r s of the

August, 1929.

F IRS T

Brigade. He welcomed the girl cadets, for was the first time the gathering had been honoured by.thelr presence.

An excellent address on the wlder aspects of ambulance work was given by the Rev. F. C. Taylor, M A., D.D., of Pontefracl..

Hymns were sung durmg the which with the benediction and the smgmg of the NatlOnal Anthcm. Thc divisions then paraded and marched to t1.1C T own Ilall and the Wesleyan Schoolroom, Horsefalr, wh ere tea was served by members of Nursin ')' Division and other hclpers. The DlvlslOnal Secretary (/\mb.-Officer J. had charge of the. wh ich included selectlOns by the New Edlmgton Band m th e Pontefract Park during the evening.

ROTI-lERIIAM.-The annual inspection of the Rotherha m Corps took place on th e Millmoor ground on Saturclay afternoon, July 27th, when upwards 1.00 officers and men werc inspected by Assistant-CommlsslOner Captai n O. F. Buxton, of Sheffield.

There were three divisions from the Rotherham Headqua rters, two f:om Parkgate) on.e from Swinton, two from T hurcroft CollIery, as well as nurses from the N nr sing Division, under Acting-Ambulance Officer MISS i\ f. Knight.

A I D. 31

inspection. He said they were all volunteers and their work was generally satisfactory.

TIIRYBERGII.-The Annual Garden Party and Prize Distrihution, in connection with the Silverwood Ambulance Class, was held in the grounds of Milburn on Saturday, July 20th. 1\11'. and Mrs. George Wilshaw kindly lent the grounds for the purpose and also acted as host and hostess. Clock golf, miniature football, bowls, fishing, cocoanut shies, skittles, and many other pastimes were indulged in. An excellent tea was also provided. Mr. A. Blenkinsop, Director of Dalton Main Colleries, presented medallions, certificates and other prizes to the members of the Ambulance Class.

No. 6 Di strict.

DARLIKGToN.-The members of the Darlington Division were inspected on Saturday, July 13th, by AssistantCommissioner F. B. Wilson, J.P., of Middlesbrough. The gathering took place in the grounds. of Danby Lodere the beautiful home of Alderman Slr Charles who had placed them at the disposal of the Brigade.

Amb.-Officer A. E. Dando, who was in charge, was acco mpanied by Sergt.-lVIajor ]. W. Gilling.

The Corps was put through a number of movements an d drills, including the march :past, the Sheffield and Fife Band under Amb.-Officer G. Lowe bemg m att endance.

For the first time teams competed for an ambulance shicld presented by Alderman P. Bancroft Coward, J.P., t.o be h eld for one year. Seven teams competed, the maXlm um points being 130. The placings were as 1, Ro therham B., 120 points; 2, Rotherham A., 115; J, Swinton 110' 4 Parka-ate No.1; 5, Thurcroft No.2; 6, No.' 2;' 7, 1.

The judges fur the competttlOn were E. h.. v\ nlkel, J. Cook, and J. Jockel.

The shield was presented by Mrs. K. W. Fleldsend, and S e rgt.-Major Gilling: presel:ted bal:dages .to the teams.

The Inspecting Officer sald the was certainly an improvement on last year s which he. also inspectcd, but he did not ",rant them to g'O away satIsfied with what had l)Cell done. There was 1'00111 for further improvement. He alluded to the per feet condition of the football groUllcl, which he cOllsider<:d all ideal place for

There was a good muster of the men under Supt. M. Fletcher.

The 1\Iayor, who "vas accompanied by the took occasion to make a few remarks to th.e dunng the afternoon, observing that the work of the bngade was purely voluntary, and that it was sLlch work that had kept the British nation and Emplre gomg. The idea underlying all voluntary work was n?t w.hat they could get out of it, but what they could put mto lt.

The Inspecting Officer congratulated. the D1V!SlOn on the excellence of their work, and also paId warm .tnbute to Sir Charles Starmer for his kindness in allowmg the inspection to take place on his grounds.

MIDDLESBROUGII.-The junior competitions, by the St. John Ambulance Association) have. been held l.n 1\ Iiddlesbrollgh, and in the Hall Chambers. Competition, for which nine teams entered, SmIth s Dock ,yere again successful. results were s Dock Boys, 199 P01l1ts; 2, Boys Dngade, 191; 3, South Bank Church Lads' Bngade., 186; 4, The Tunior Technical c., 161.

Sister-tutor Dixon of the Infirmary, 1'1'11'. F. W,

FIRST

Kirkby, of Great Ayton, and Mr. H. Meadows of Guisborough, were the judges, whose thoroughness was very much appreciated . Mrs. George Richardson presented the cup and shteld and also medals.

SUNDERLAND.-For the church parade of the land Eastern Division of the St. John Ambulance Br.tgade more than 300 ambulance men and nurses assembled 111 the West Park, on Sunday, July 21st.

The procession headed by two mounted polrcemen, was followed by 'Ryhope Colliery. J?and , Sunder}and Eastern Division Hetton-Ie-Hole DIvISIOn, South People's Mission 'Band, St. Pivision) J P?VIsion South Shields Borough DIvISIOn, Hebburn DIvIsion, Sprlngwell (Washington) Division,. and of the Sunderland Eastern and South Shields DIVISIOn. They marched to the Grange Congregational Church, where the service was held.

The lesson was re ad by Mr. Stanley Embleton , Assistant-Commissioner of the Division, which covers Northumberland, Durham, and Yorkshire.

Th e Rev. H. Parker Davies said of the St. John Ambulance this was a healing work, which had a long tradition. 'They were first to combine healing with

After the service the procession) led by the Commissioner, returned to West Park. al!d the dlvlslOns were addressed by the Assistant-CommissIOner, who complimented them on their smart turn out. He presented Div. Supt. C. Cook, Sergt. Jones, and Pte. Kirkley, all the Sunderland Eastern Division, with medals for 15 years efficient service.

Among those present at the c1:urch service were the Chief Constable, Mr. John Ruddick, and the veteran Coroner, Mr. John Graham.

-The arrangements were efficient ly out by DI V.Supt. C. Cook, Div.-Secretary Amb.-Offic1a1 J? Nelson, and Amb.-Officer W. Graham, who acted as adjutant.

No. 8 0 is trict.

CATERIIAM.-An interesting event took place at Caterham on Sunday, July 14th, at the new h eadq uarters of the Caterham Division, S.J,A.B.

A strong contingent of officers and men of the from neighbouring divisions in Surrey attended, Dlstnct Officer E. J. Prew being in charge of the parade.

The parade was inspected by· E. A. Richards (Knight of Grace) and Lady Dlstnct Supt. Mrs C. Fa1wasser, who were accompanied by other officers including District Officer for Surrey, Mr. E. E. D. H ecson, J.P., and Lady Knowles, O.B.E., members of the Urban District Council also attended.

At half-past four a short dedication service, conducted by Canon J. c. Morris and the Rev. A. W Anderson, was held.

At the close the procession marched to the Soper i-lemorial Hall, where tea was served to the visiting divisions

HORSIIAM.-The Horsham Division S.J.A.B., held their annual garden fete on Thursday, August 8th, at "Tanfield," Horsham, th e charming residence of Capt. and Mrs. Hugh Lancaster. Favoured with fine weather the grounds were ablaze with multi-coloured bunting.

Lady Branch briefly declared the event open, and Amb -Officer David Bryce said how much a voluntary organisation such as theirs, which worked for the suffering and the injured, appreciated the support accorded by the public They had felt for a long time that no such Brigade was properly equipped unless it had an ambulance of its own. The Horsham Di vision had gradually accum ulat ed a fund to purchase one, but Capt. and Mrs. Hu gh

A I D. August, 1929.

Lancaster and Mr. G BeLney were making up the already collected to a total of £800, so that the vehicle could be purchased imm ediate ly. ThiS SU111 (bd not l11clud e the £ 150 needed to equip the ambulance.

Th e Horsham Borough Silver Band p}ayed seJectlOll s and provided music for al fresco dancl11g dur1l1g th e evening.

No. 10 Dis.trict.

NORTH W ALSIIAIII.- On Wednesday evening, July 31st, the local Division S J.A.B., held its annual meeting; Mr. J 01111 Dixon presided.

Supt. G. B. Fuller presented the a:111ual report. Durin o the year 189 duties were performed The had carried 55 patients and travelled 1,027 miles in service. A small deficit on the capital accou nt had been wiped out through a col1ection taken by Mr s. Ingmere.

Miss Wilkin son subsequently dlstnbuted certIficat es and labels awarded the men at their annual examination

The Chairman, on behalf of the members and cO.mmittee of the Division, presented to Supt. Fuller a maSSI ve silve,r-plated rose ?owl to show. their of services. As PreSident, he testIfied to Mr. Fuller s un tIring zeal, both as regards the instruction of members, his response to the many caps made upon hIm, and .th.e high state of efficiency to "vhlch he brought the Di VIsion. The injured in many an aCCldent had expressed CT ratitude to Supt. Fuller and his men for their prom pt careful attention in rendering first- aid The proy ision of the motor ambulance was mainly due to Mr. Ful1er, and at the Cottage Hospital his services were always available day and night.

Mr. Fuller, who was quite taken by surprise by the presentation, briefly responded.

NORWlcH.-Under the auspices of the St. Jo hn Ambulance Brigade, competitions for three cups for tea m<; from Norfolk Suffolk were brought off in the La ds' Club, Norwich, by permission of the Chief Constable (Mr. J. H. D ain) on Saturday afternoon, J uly 20th, and aroused consid erab l e interest. Among a group of spectators were the Presid ent of the J orwich Divisi on (Dr. G. S. Pope), the Sheriff of Norwich (Miss M. I\1. Clarkson), Mr. H. O. Clark (vice-President and Treasur er)' Mr. J. H. D ain, Mr. and Mrs T. A. Cook. Mr. F. H. Barclay (Assistant-Commissioner), Mrs. M. Har ker (County Dir ector, B.R.C.S.). Dr. D. Wainwright (Yarmouth), District Offic er F. J. Emms , Supts. VJ. Sand ell, W. Balls R. G. Randall (Secretary, Sheringham Division) and T. L. Rand a ll (Secretary, Cromer Division), Supt. A. Christie, and Commandants L. P. Clements and H. J. Howard (B.R.C.S.)

The j ud ges were :_It Iv eag h Cup." Dr. VV. A. L. Marriott and Dr. G. Day (Norw ich,) and Dr. A. G. Holman (Aylsham). er Holm es Cup ," Dr. C. T. Helsh am (Beccl es) and Dr. M Gentle (Attleborough). " Co ok Cup," Dr. A. D av idson (Thorpe). Th e whole arran gements were under the director of Major J. F. C. Hoss ack P.R.C.S. (Mayor of Ipswich and Commissioner for the District), assisted by Lady Supt. Miss B. Hossack the M. Cs. being Supt. W. Sandell and Sergt. H. Staff.

Th e competitions were organised by the Hon. Se cretary of t h e Norwich Branch, Supt. Sidney E. R. Scott, of the Lads' Club Divi sion.

The resul ts were as follows :_tc Iv eagh Cup " men 's first-aid and stretcher for members of the S. LA.B.. No rfolk and Suffolk Divisions only-I, Crom er (1) (holder sl: 2, Cromer (2); 3, Great Yarmouth Division; 4, Norwich Lads' Club; 5, Norwich City Divisi on: 6, Sheringham St. John. er Cup." for novices, Norfolk on 1y-1. Great Yarmouth Di vision; 2, Norwich City Di vision; 3, Crom er

August, 1929.

FIRST (2); 4, Norwich Lads' Club; 5, Sheringham Division; 6, Swaffham.

"Holmes Cup," open to members ?f any or,ga111satlOl1 -1 Sheringham St. John; 2, Norwich L ads Club .St. J Oh'l1; 3, Yarmouth P olice S! John (holders); 4, Norwich City St. J 5, J orfolk (I).., Red Cross; 6, Cromer & G.N RaIlway) St. Joh11; I, Cromer (1) St. John, 8, Norfolk (15) R ed Cross; 9, Suffolk (15) Red Cross; 10, Norfo lk (35) Red Cross.

At the prize distribution Dr. G. S. Pope (President), and Mr. T. A. Cook and Mrs. (the ir: th.e uniform of a Commissioner of the Girl GUldes), dlstnbuted the awards, while supporting them on the platform were l\Iajor J. F. C. Hossack 1\1 rs. Hark e r, Mr. F. H. Barclay, ilIr. J. H. Dain, and Supt. S. E. R. Scott (Secretary)

A comprehensiye vote of thanks, moved. from the chair, was carried with cheers from the competItors.

Priory for Wales.

ROYAL WELSll AGRICULTURAL SIIOW. 'C E COMPETITIONS.

A:\!BULANCE work ha s become a popular feature of the Royal \\relsh ACTricultural Society'S Annual Show. Adequate were made for the treatment of acc idents, and from 9.30 a m. on vVednesda y, August 7th, the opening day, until its closino- on Friday, the 9th, two Fir t Aid T ents w ere equip ped all necessary appliances, with nurses in attendance, whilst squads of ul11form men patrolled the !Trounds.

t> Staff Officer B E. i\laberly (City of Cardiff Centre) too k charg e of these duties, under the of Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K.B.E., the Honorary DIrecto r of Ambulance for the Show The per onnel on duty included me.mbers .of the Ambulance and Nur s in g Division s of the BrIgade 111 t he County of Glamorgan and City of Cardiff Centres, and arra ngements were m ade for the Glamorgan Branch of t h e British Red Cross Sociecy to assist.

Considerable intere st was centered in the Ambulance Competitions, which were a specia l feature of the programme for Thurs day, August 8th.

The result of the five events was a under: -

1. "Sir J ohn Lynn-Thomas" Shield, open to teams of men in "Va les and Monmouth sh ire :-

1. 10l1mouthshire Police

2. Barry Dock

3. I cLaren ( I on) 169-

2. "Lady Lynn-Thomas " Cup, open to teams of women in \Va les an d Monmouthshire :-

1. LlaneUy

2. Abertillery

3. "Arnall t Jones" Shield, open to teams Boy Cadets in Wales and onmouthshire: -

1. Kenfi g Hill Cadets

2. Abertysswg

3. Llwynypia

4. Cardiff C it y

5. Barry Dock

A I D. 33

The Ju dges were :-

Dr. A. i\I. Rob e rt son, C,vmparc; Dr. S. McCormac, N e wport; Dr. G. S. Phillip s, Gwaun-cae-Gurwen; Dr. J. M. vVilson, Aberdare.

The results of the competitions were announced by the Honorary Director of Ambulance of the R oyal "Vel h Agricultural Show. Sir H erbert Lewis, K. B. E., and the Pres ident, the Ri ght Hon. the Earl of Plymouth, who prese nted the trophies to the winning teams, congratulated them on their voluntary sen·ice in the agricultural districts and hoped they would continue their interest in the great Ambulancc MO\'ement of St. J ohn, which was needed marc now than ever before in the history of the country. Th e teams \\"110 were paraded in front of the grand stand marched off and were greaLly applauded by those in the stand and round the ring.

BRIGADE ER\·ICE AWARDS.

Th e following awards ha\'e been appro\'ed by the Grand Pri or, His R oyal Highness the Duke of Connaught, K. G. SERYICE i\IEDALS.

City of Cardiff Centre: Staff Sergeant A. E. Williams, Barry Dock Di"ision ; Sergeant 1. A. Chivers, Ban)' pock Di vision; Sergeant D. L. J ones, Barry Dock D1YIslon ; Corporal W. E. ::'11 organ, Barry Dock Division. Glamorgan County Centre: Corps Surgeon C. Armstrong, Neath Corps.

Borough of Rhondda Centre: Corps In spector of Stores

1. H Caple, Mid-Rhondda Corps; Di"isional Supt. J. Power, Tynyb edw a.nd Pentre Division; Serg-cant 'i'i J. Stone, Tynyb cdw and Pentre Di\'i ion.

SER'·ICE :\IE DAL BARS.

City of Cardiff Centre: Corps Supt. vV. H. Johnson, Cardiff and District Corps. Borough of Rhondd a Centre: Ambulance Officer J. J enkins, Ystrad Rhondd a Division.

PA.RADE AT GLYXXEATH.

A.n Ambulance P arade took place at Glynncath on Saturday, July 20th, when detachments of the Corps, he a ded by the Gh nneath Sih·er Band, took part 111 a proces ion tl;rough main street.s before being by the Commissioner for Wales, SIr Herbert LeWIS, I B. E., accompanied by the County Commis ioner for Carmarthen, Mr. E. D. J ones.

144t of St. John

151

146

131t 129t

4. The "Commissioner's" Cup, open to teams of Brigade men in the Ci1y of Cardiff CenLre, Priory for Wales :-

1. Barry Dock

2. Cardiff C ity No.

1

5. The "Women's" Cup, opcn to teams of Brigade women in the CiLy of Cardiff Centre and the Caerphtlly SubDi st rict of the Glamorgal1 County Centre, was won by -

1. Barry Nursing Division 133

Sub-Commissioner D. ::'II. Evans Be'·an was 111 command, ,,·itIl Corps Officer E I11ond, Corps Supt. J. Richards, Corps Secretary \V. T. Ri chards, and Corps Treasurer D. J. Johns. The following detachments. were represented:Ambulance: Briton Ferry, Seyen SIsters, Crynant, plynneath, Skewe n , Aberdulai , C,, mgwrach, Resoh en, eath. l aesma rchog and Cadoxton. Cadets: Glynneath, C,, y.gwrach, Se,·en Sisters, Cadoxton, Ske,,·en, Aberdu.Ials, Resoh·en, Briton Ferry and Maesm2rchog Nursing: Briton Ferry, Seven Sister, Skewen, R e oh·en and :\I aesmarcho g Girl Cadets.

An excellent di pla y of stretcher \\·ork was gl\·en, after which the parade of 500 of all rank re-assembled was addressed by the COl11mi ioner for 'i" ales, " ho them upon their smart appearance and urged. them to 111crease their nU l1bers and add to their already 111gh standard of efficiency. H e said the Brigade of the IT10,'ements in the coalfi e ld s which, despIt e the dIsastrous Industrou conditions, had actually made by the interest and generous support of the Sub-Comml Sloner, Mr. E\'an Bevan, the eat h Di trict had become the tronghold of ambulance \\"ork.

Sur <)'con Dr. T. Mc lure and Mrs. a large to tea, among whom \\"ere: Lady LC\, I O. B.E., Re\". L. Thoma (Vicar of Aberpergmn), Supt. R . D av ies (County Polt ce, N eath), In specLor Cole (!<?o.unt) Poli ce) , E. Enll1s Be\ an (Neath), :\lr. H. W. \\ tlhams

( Brit on F c r ry) D r. G Armstro n g (Cor p s S u rgeo n , Crynan t) , D r. D al r y m ple ( Maes m archog), D r. S. M cClure (G ly n neath), M rs. M cCl u re and 1\1rs Scott.

A pleasing incident w as the presc n tation of i\ mbulance Efficiency :\warc1s to 50 Cadets by Lady Le\\'ls.

ROADSIDE FIRST AID II( TTS

The official opening of two Roadside Amhulance Po;ts on Saturday. July 27th, in the County of Carmarthenshlre form a link in thc chain of sen'icc known as the Road Service Scheme.

The boxes hm'e been provided hy the Burry Port and Pcmbrey Ambulance Div isions, and are situated near the Pembrey Church and Chi vcrs Corner, Burrr Port. They are equipped with first aid public .lIse, the sen'ices of a member of the Bngade \nll bc m'adable In ca e of accidents. Arrangements haye been made for ambulance men to be in con tant aLtendance on Bank Holidays and days of hea\')' vehicu lar tranic.

The opening ceremonies were by :ti l l'S . WiIliams, widow of the late Dr. Owen Wllhams, Burry Port and irs. Evans, widow of the late Dr Evan Evans, in the presence of a large gathering, ,:\'hich included the Mayor of Llanelly (Alderman E. vVJllIs J one J. P.), Councillor J. Withey, J P (Chairman of the Bun), Port Council), County Commissioner E. D. Jones, Re\ . D . J. Morgan (Pembrey) ; and Re\ R. Davies (Pembrey)

The Pembrey, Burry Port, Llanelly, Cross Hands, Trimsaran and Kidwelly Ambulance Divisions and the Llanell)' Nursing Division were well represented.

Th;} Goole D ivision, S. J .A.B , are asking for donations towards the erection and equipment of First Aid Road Huts

The amount col1ected on Ambulance Sunday in Ipswich \,va.s £34 18s. Sd., including £4 13s. 8d. collected duringthe musical programme given by the Sa.h'a.tion Army Band. 3' • e

A course of eight lectures on Home Hygiene, commencing early in October, wi ll be given on Wednesday evenings in St. James' Church Hall, Clerkenwell Green, by Mr. P. Bettison, A R.San.!. The class will be open to members of Ambulance and N Ll rsi ng Diyi s ions, and officers-i n-charge are asked to inform D j Supt. F. E. Stallard, 37a, Harthamroad, N.7, not later than September 1st approximate number of memb e rs wishing to join, and whether 6.30 to 7.30 or 7 to 8 p.m. would be more cOlwenient. The Home Hyg' iene Certificate ma.y be claimed as pa.rt qutllillc<ltion for medtlllion, and a small fee \\'ill be

Binding Copies of "P.A."

O W NG to th e numb e r of applicat ions we hav e r e c e ived for the binding of cop ies of FIR ST AID, we have made arrang e men t s whereby we can supply bindings at the following pr i ces ;-

Complet e Volume 9/- post fr e e.

Binding Volumes 6/- return e d post free. (Copies suppli e d by r e ad e r, which should compris e the Nos July to June i nclusive.)

Cases for Binding 2/9 post fre e The cas e s for binding ar e of le ath e r cloth, with the title of the publ i cation in gold l e tters on th e front and side and th e eight-pointed cross on front. Orders should b e sent to Dal e , Reynolds & Co .) Lt d , 4 6 , C annon -st r eet, L ondoD, E. C. 4.

Enemies of Knowledge.

Being the Thil d Stephen Paget M emo.rial Lecture delivered at the (I'JIJI'IIal general meettng of {h(' Researcli f)('fenre Society on J1tl1e 12th, 1929.

By PROF A. Y. HrLL, O.B.E., Sc.D , F.R.S.

THERE is a limit beyond which abuse, l11isstatem ent, intolerance and deslrL1ctiveness must not be allowed to go. ] 110tc:l no special hrie f for the medica l [ real ise t hat doctors, like the re t of us, have then £aJllllgs, I am aware that privilege and v.ested interest may make some of them-sometimes- lS selfish and intolerant as any. I tell them this at intervals, and admit, as greatly to their credit, that in spite of my abuse they continue to treat me with OTeat friendliness and consideration; perhaps they do not take it too seriously. Gratitude) however) for that friendliness is not the re aso n why I stand here to-clay, to def end them ancl their colleagues in the l aboratories. Rath er is it a sense of urgent necessity. When the beneficent work of the Medical Research Council is publicly denounced by a presumably responsihle priest) when the usc of radium in the treatment of cancer, is openly described as an imposture by a qualified medical man who claims to h ave investigated it, and found it worthless forty year.s (9 years before it was discovered !)) when the publIc 1S 1TIlplored not to subscribe to hospitals lest its money be spent in torturing rabbits and guinea-pigs, when the greatest of human quests-the search for knowledge for the tion of suffering-is held up to obloquy by persons mc apable of unde r standing or appreciating the beginning of what it means) then it is time for a counter-attack to he made. To change the metaphor) diagnosis is a necess ary preliminary to cure. Instead of answering preposter ous falsehoods merely by denial-a certain amount of mucl always sticks) hO\'Vcver innocent the victim pelted-one should inquire into the motives and mentality of those who make thel11 Stephen Paget would have approved of the title of this lecture His fighting spirit and his generous heart often led him to join battle with those who attempted to hinder the advance of knowledge) and the improvement of meclicine and surgery, for the gratification of their own sense of superior wisdom anel goodness. 1 do not propose) however, to-day to discuss only the fantastic opposition of the anti-vivisectionists. Their attitude of mind is only one aspect of a general phenomenon \\'ell known throug hoUl history, a mild form of mental if you will) but one which has expressed itself from time to time in various hideous forms; in cruelty and pers ecution, in hatred and ma lice, in the perpetual treacher y of hindering mankind in 11is s lov" and pathetic erforts to climb the ladder of civilisation.

There are not many who realise the facts of man's g-radual evolution; the majority are still inclinecl to ima gine that Adam arrived full -g rown a few thousand years ag?, with a complete university education and a degre e 111 zoology, in the Garden of Eden, and undertook forth with the task of nal11ing' and classifying the other creatl!reS whom God created for his special needs and satisfactlOll. Not many properly appreciate, and in some quarters it is a l most b l asphemy to do so, that in the course of a hal f mi ll ion years mankind l1Y a slow and pa infu l proc ess of tria l and error has gTaclua ll y risen from h is or iginal low estate Nature's experiments in living things have 11een proceed i ng for hundreds of mi ll ions of years by these experiments creatures of the most varied type had heen evolved, to meet t h e absolute necessities of li fe) namely growth, maintenance, and reproduction Finall y a typ e of anima l appeared, man's distant ancesto r ) so des igned al:d constructed t h at h e conld become c ivi l ised . Tn an essay 111 tlle New E n cyc l np;ecl a BriLa n n i ca, (C inn," by J. n.

Aug u s t, 19 29 FIR S T

Robinson, w hi ch some of you may have r ead, t h e matter is expressed in a viv i d and a rr es ti ng fo r m. Pict u re the five hundred t ho u sand years of ma n 's deve l oping cullu r e as compressed into a sing le lifet me On t hi s scal e mankind needed 49 years to learn eno u g h to desert his primitive hunting habits and to sett l e down in villages. Half through the fiftieth year a few of the vi ll agers discovered and began to practice the .art of The ll1ents of the Greeks on th1S scale were 111 March of th1s yea r : has pr.evailed si11 ce middle of April : the pnntmg process was mvented a fortl11ght ago; we have been using steam for l ess than a week, motor cars for a day, wireless for a few hours Whither i s mankind going, 011 this strange progress? What are t h e methods of advance ? are they inevitable? or can they now be influenced by conscious adjustment on his part? Have wc in fact any responsibility in th e matter?

KNOWLEDGE MAKES CIVILIS,\TION.

There are superior people who affect to despise the degree of civilisation) the modicum of knowledge) the exte nt of social organisation which have been as yet atta ined. They would have us abandon scientific research and engineering development as things unworthy of man's high spiritual estate. Such highbrows and unbelievers are useful, not for what they themselves bring to the common fund , but because it is good, even for the best of causes, to have to bear the brunt of criticism. I would not make " Progress" into a false god. Most reasonable people, however, neither believing in magic on the one han?, nor in the inevitability of progress on the other, see 111 the achieve ments of mankind, won by patient toi l and eager searc hing, by failur .e as well as success, by disaster as well as triumph, in sorrow as well as in joy, by courage as well as skill, ·something to be treated with respect and reverence, something sacred) as we have come to regard human life itself to be. The advance of knowledge is a real and living thing, something worth working for) worth fighting for. That is why we are here to-day. It is true that we are all very stupid and unseeing still-some of us perhaps more stupid than others. We are very far yet from any Utop ia, moral, mental, or material; but that the general prog ress of knowledge has improved man's l ot and characte r and outlook in the last half million years, and that it can continue to improve them in the fifty million that lie hefore him, is a general proposition that not many will dare to deny. After all) it is knowledge which makes civi lisation, kllowledge tempered by reasonable sentiment, cOJ/t rolled by decent emotion. It is knowledge which makes the difference between man and animal: my spaniel Ben is a tangle of emotions) sentimental beyond belief, cred ulous to the last degree) ready to chase any imaginery cat or squirrel, believing in spooks and probably in "ecto plasm," a very pleasant and interest i ng companion, Lut utterly incapable of reaching any great height by his own unaided effort. The capacity for knowledge) for understa nding himself and his environment) is man's essent ial characteristic and his alone: and to deny him the exercise of this fundamenta l gift would be an lUlpondona ble, an almost unthinkable offence There is indeed no danger, to-day, of a n yone attempting to do so : all go vernments pay at least lip -service to education and resea rch. The danger arises in t h e special applications, ]lot in the general prupositio n n amely, when any specific ind ividua l piece of knowledge conie s in conflict with vested inte rests or tribal pre j udices, o r i nh e r ent conservatism, or even natura l slupid ity. It is aga in st such prejudices that lhe fight has continually to be wage d. \ Ve cannot hold our position by standing still-c i v il isation must either go forwa rd or go back, and to go for war d on some paths, back on others, will probably l ead to co nfu s ion and disaste r. Stephen Paget founded th i s soc iety " to promote national hea th and efficiency, to brin g about a better umlerstanding of the va lu e of med i ca l and surgic al :':tudies,

and to expose the false statements which are made against them": and in fulfilling this purpose it is necessary to combat one particular aspect of the spirit of reaction, namely, th .e emotional opposition to the use of animals for ex p e riment Since, however, anti-vivisection is only a passing phase (one hopes) in the varying follies of mankind, while the fanatical desire to obstruct the advance of knowledge, for one or other cause, is apparently-judging from history-a permanent factor in man's mental constitution, I feel that a Society like ours must view the matter occasionally from the broader aspeet and stand, as its name implies, for the defence of res ea rch in whatever form that research is undertaken.

(To be continued.)

The City of London Police Reserve.

\s might be anticipated, lhe holiday to be taken ill accounl, as being' responsible for so many of the regular attendants of the Ambulance Section being absent just now from the fortnightly practice s But il is interesting" ami el1cour;lgillg to note that quite a numb c I- of fresh mcn are nO\\' getting the "first aid" habil and are joinillg the cIa ·ses.

If, as it certainly is, the great point to he aimed at in ambulance \\'o rk would be efficiency, lhere can be no doubt that the men of the City Police Resen 'e are taking cyer)' opportunity to make themseh'es so. As an instance in point, quite a num.ber t urn up on an afte rnoon when a \'isil is arranged.

On Saturday afternooll, July 13th, thc Seclion \'isited the \ \Tellcome Histo rical and Medi ca ll\luseum, at the special il1\ itation of its Consen-ator, L. \\'. G. Malcolm, Estl" i\1.Sc., F R. S. E. :\11'. 1alcolm very kindly met the men on arrival and gave them a warm welcom e, followed by a mosl delightful lecture 011 the history of the ;,1us e ul11 from its inception to its present day state. Space " ,ill not allow of giving further details, bUl we would add that it is certainly unique and possibly lhe only l\luseum of its kind in the world absolutel\' fu ll of intere st and invaluable to medical man student a like.

On the evening of July 17lh last, a more or lcs surprise \'isit was paiel to the Pol ice Re erye Headquarters al Bunhill-row, E. C., by Lieut.-Col. F. A. Brooks, l\I.D., of the S.J A.B. A..fter seeing the Section at work , Col. Brooks o·aye the men one of his delightful little lectures, taking for his subject "Common mi,takes made at first aid examinations." It \vas li ste ned to with immen se interest, tlnd Col. Brooks \\'as accorded a very h earty \'ote of thank at ils conclusion. It may be here added that the men \\ 'ere unanimous in their opinion that they had learned more during the short half hour of the lecture than they \\:ould expcct to learn ill a month from the IanuaL It lS to be sincerely hoped that Col. Brooks ,yill favour lhe Police Reserve \\'ith a furlher edition at no great distant date.

The COl11mandanl of the Police Re sen'e, \1,1. G. LO\'ell, E t]., C. B. E., has been watching the recent \\ 'or k of the S eLion " ith particular interest. The COll1mandanl is specially interested in fir't aid and ambulance \\'ork , <lnd the Section has his " ' hole-hearted support, the result being that We are already hearing ",hi perings of sih'er challenge cups anc.! the like, looming out ill lhe oiling. \\ 'hen, as is 110W known, the letropolilan [lecial Constabulary have already held their llrst team competition, it certainly suggests that t he Cit \' Police Re ('rve should 100 e no time in getling matters well in hand for one of their 0\\,11, which it is hoped wi ll be early in the nexL year.

The "DECORATORS' & PAI N TERS ' MA G AZINE" (8d. monthly) is 1 HE trade paper for all interestedPublishing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C ••

R atlway A m bulance News.

Southern.

COMPETITION CONDITIONS, 1930.-It has decide.d that in future when mor.e than 16 teams sigl11fy theIr intention of competing in anyone group, such l:nay at the discretion of the \Alelfare Assistant be dIvIded 1l1to two sections. Prizes will be offered to .ea.::h sectIOn, and the general rules applying to Group Competitions will be followed in each case.

This arrangement should greatly stimulate int erest in the divisions where a large number of teams compete. It has also be en decided that, for the year 1930, teams who woulJ by yirtue o[ their position in the Group 1 C0111petition, 1929, have reverted t.o Group 2, .be allowed to continue in Group I prOVIded apphcatlOn IS made to the W e lfare Assistant for permission to do so not later than December 31st next.

MERITORIOUS FIRST AlD.-The Centre Certificate for Meritorious First Aid has been awarded to the undermentioned :-

Station foreman E. J. Chapman, Bexhill-In recognition of the efficient manner in which he dealt with the case of Signalman Bryant, who was knocked down by a light engine and had his left leg severed knee.

Signalman Kimber, Chilham-In appreClatIO!1 of the prompt manner in which he dealt with the case of a man

CUjJ followed by Southampton West, second; Southampton 'Docks " B," third; and Portsmouth " A," fourth.

The Judges were Drs. Callaghan and Dunlop (London), Dr. Eldon Pratt

At the conclusion of the competItIOn the prIzes wer e presented by Colonel Christopher O B.E , J.P ., who expressed great pleasure at be1l1g 1l1vlted.

All the competitors received as a gift from the Redbrid<Ye Committee an earthcnware "Thanksgiving Cup " as a token of gratitude for the recovery of H.M. the Kin g. Concurrent with the ambulance competition a sports programme was arranged, all events being under A.A.A lav"s.

A comprehensive programme was carried through satisfactorily and various side shows were provided to in te rest visitors, of which there was a large attendance.

The Committee responsible for the organisation of the event consisted of Mr. J. A. Birkett (Chairman), Mr. R. Gillingham (Hon. Sec.)) Messrs. Stride, Cardey, Mat ol1, Wateridge, Snellgrove, Inge, Petty and Butt.

There is not the least douht that these competiti ons do a great deal to stimulate interest in First Aid work amongst the railwaymen in the district) and the organisers arc to be heartily congratulC'-ted on the success of their efforts.

Great Western.

Among recent admissions to the Venerable Ord e r of Sl. J oho of Jerusalem io En,!Sland, io the grade of Serying Brother appears the name of Mr. Aubrey V. l\Iaggs, of the Locomotive Supt. 's Ofnce, Bristol. Ir. Maggs has rend ered "aluable service to the MO\'e rnent as the Secreta ry of the Bristol (A) Division of the G. W.R. Ambulance Centre and, although only just in the early thirties, has already been awarded the Company's gold efficiency medal (15 years' first aid).

Bristol is one of the ambulance strongholds of the Gr eat Western Railway and the honour conferred on Mr. Ma ggs, will meet with approval and acclamation throughout the Bristol (A) Division.

August,

1929

FIR

London, Midland and Scottish.

S T

Ambulance Competition held in Glasgow, June 18th, 1929.

JUDGES: J. MANDALL COATES, M D. (Horwich); E. D. GAIRDNER , M.B., Ch.B. (Glasgow). TEAM TEST.

Max. Marks.

Card A.-You are on duty on a crowded station platform on a December afternoon, when you are told that there has been an accident at the far end of the platform. Two other ambulance men are ava ilable at the booking office. Stretcher and ambulance appliances are in the office. It is a large town with a hospital and ambulance van ayailable. Proceeding at once to scene of accident 3 Card B.-After pushing your way through the crowd you find this man sitting, half lying on a stat ion trolley. He IS conscious, p alc, breathing wit h difficulty and ev id ent ly with g r eat pain. H e is his right s ide with his hanel. Ther e is

A I D .

On arrival at waiting room.

Place carefully on couch near fire

Loosen all tight clothing

EXa111,ination of chest.

Pain in right side

Over 6th and 7th ribs

Great tenderness

Breathing short and sharp

Crepitus may be felt with palm of the hand

Injury--fracture ribs

Examination of wotmd of left temple.

Hcemorrhage? A1,te1'ial

Foreign bodies? No

Fracture of skull? No

Examine general condition.

Patient. Conscious

Face? Pale

Pupils? Normal

Pulse? Rather weak

Compression? No sign

Breath? Smells of alcohol

C') of feeling co lel

The Arundel (Southern Railway) Red Cross Team. :",ho been suffocated by gas, and was found lying 1l1senslble on top of a hole in the main road outside the station premises, consequent upon gas leaking from Uin. main.

REDBRlDGE CENTRE.-The third annual Ambulance Competition and Sports M ee ting was held on July 6th at. -r:estwood Park, Tatton, Southampton, by kind permISSIOn of M. Maitland Heriot, Esq.

Eighteen teams entered, as follows :-Basingstoke (2), Bournemouth (2), Portsmouth (2), Redbridge (3), Southampton Docks (4), Templecombe (2), Salisbury, Southampton West and Verwood, on.e each.

Southampton Docks "A)) (holders) again won the

DEVIZES.-The distribution of examination awards to m.embers of the Devizes class took place recently durin g a social evening held at the White Lion Hotel, when lVlrs. T. H. Ferris kindly performed the ceremony and at her bands, Dr. Bernard Hancock (lecturer) was made the recipient of a fran'led group photograph of the class members. Mr. C. S. Wish, who presided, thanked Mrs. Ferris [or her kindnes s in undertaking the presentations, vvhilst the class Secret ary, Me Tillin, gave a brief report of Lhe work of the class and urged upon the members the necsessity of conLinuing to maintain the efficiency Lhey had acquired

SWINDON. - About twenty men from the Swindon W orks Class attended the annual church parade of the Swin don Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade at the Par ish Church on the morning of Sunday, July 28Lh, when a la rge congregation was present to hear the address by the Vi car, the Rev. John Gi lbert, who gave the ambulance men a cordial welcome both individua ll y and as a un i t.

Among those presenL were Divis ional Supt. (S. J. A. B.) F Nutbeam and Divisiona l Secretary(G. W. R.) L. G Bret ch, and Mr. G. Cu ll ing, who is chairman of t h e Swindon Am bulance Class.

a wo und about one inch on the left temple just above the ear which is bleeding freely. He complains of great pain \vh.en he breathes or coughs and says he can walk home. His friends inform you that the man had had a dram or two, and in alight ing from the compartment had staggered and fa llen against the trolley wagon.

Brief examinaLion

Arrest of bleeding (pressure and improvised pad and handkerchief)

\Vith assistance of your colleague

Placing man on trolley

TemporJ.ry covering, coats, etc.

Wheel him as quickly as possible to warm waiting room

Message being sent on to warn other men. To get the stretcher and appliances prepared 111 the waiting room 2

General condition. Shock

Treatment.

Wound. Temple Foreign bodies? No

Fracture? No sign

Apply iodine solution to wound and surrounding skin

Firm sterile dre sing. pad and bandage...

If necessary, whi1.e this is being done, hGemorrhage kept under control by pressure on temporal artery Fract1,£re of 1'i bs.

Two broad banda o'cs firmly but gent ly applIed round chest, tiecton the opposite sic1e

Right arm. large arm sling

General condition.

Treat shock

Warm clOLhing, etc.

\!\Tinning team of the" Price" Challenge Shi e ld at the recent South African R ailway Final. Back, left to right, Corpl. J. Jack on, CorpI. J. Sonnekus, Pte. ]. Grindlay, Corp!' ]. E. La\.\" Sitting, Amb. Officer A. E. J. Lo,ve, Did. Supt. ]. W. Gibbons, Sergt. G. D. Sw anepoel (CaptaIn).

F IRST

Judicious use of warm stimulants like coffee, or bovril Transport.

Preparation of stretc h er

Message (telephone) for amb ul anc.e ., Message (telephone) to hospital or home

Tactful message home by man's friends

Loading on to stretcher Carrying Loading into ambulance on arrival

150

SKIPTON.-After utilising a waiting-room for their practices during the last three amI a half years, the ambulance workers at Skipton have been provided with other accommodation. It is situated in the old station buildings, where the Company has defrayed the cost 01 the structural alterations necessary to conv.ert three small rooms into one large room, When the contractors finished their work, the local enthusiasts decorated and cleaned the premises themselves, and they were opened recently by Mr. F. Tiffany, Leeds

After the formal opening, a pleasant little function was held under the chairmanship of Mr. J. J. Cook.

WOLVERTON,- After 35 years' active service in the ambulance moYement, Mr. J. A, Rose has relinquished his post of Ambulance Secretary to the Wolverton Ambulance Committee, owing to retirement from the service.

At the annual presentation of ambulance awards held last month, Mr. Purves asked 11r. Rose to accept a handsome Westminster chimes clock, togeth er with an armchair, as a token of appreciation from the Ambulance Diyision for his untiring efforts on behalf of the movement. ]\If r. Purves congratulated Mr. Rose on his record of service with the Company, and referred in detail to his excellent work on behalf of the ambulance cause. In addition to honours, conferred upon him locally, Mr. Rose has receIved the hIghest possible honour in the ambulance world by being made an Honorary Serving Brother of the Order of St. John,

In Mr. Rose to accept the testimonial, Mr. Pu.rves WIshed both Mr. and Mrs. Rose good health to enJoy a long and happy retirement.

At same meeting 1\1r. Purves presented 12 firstyear certJficates, 7 vouchers, 54 long-service ribbons and 28 other awards, ten of which went to retired members of the staff. Mr. Purves congratulated the recipients and appealed for continued interest in th.e movement.

London and North Eastern.

HULL.-The lIull District Council of the London and North Eastern Railway, North Eastern Centre of the St. John Al!l?ulance Association, held their Annual Field Day on July 6th in the grounds of the L. N.E.R. AthletIc Club, Southcoates Lane. Indoor facilities were by the courtesy of the Hull Education Committee m the event of inclem ent weather. Enthusiasm in the work of first ,aid on the railway in Hull continues. A record entry m the number of competitors was received. Dr: A. Barker, Hull, and Dr. D J. Young, Wlthernsea, while simultaneously Dr. c.. A. Dean adJ udlcated .the smgle hand competitions of ladles and first-year candIdates Their decisions were a:s.

i, 'Wilmington, 436; 2, Hull Police, 433; 3, Hull Goods, 410; 4, D ock E ngmeers No 1, 40 3 ; 5,

A I D . August, 1929.

Paragon No .1, 402; 6, Alexandra Dock No .1 , 338; 7, Dock Engmeers No.2 , 328; 8, Pa r agon No.3, 327; 9, Mechanica l Engineers, 318; 10, Alexandra Dock No.2, 306; 11, Paragon No 2, 286

LADIES, INDlVIDUAL -l, l'v1iss M. E. Warc, 45; 2, Mi ss .1\1. l\Iearer, 42; 3, Miss E. Parkinson, 39; 4, Miss C. Collingwood, 36; 5, Miss M. Pickering and Miss .1\1. Gillery, 32

FIRST- YE \R MEN, INDI VIDUAL.-l, J. Shaw, 36; 2, F. alter, J+; 3, G. A Smithson, 32; 4, T S. lIeeney, 30 " 5, Oliver, 2n; 6, G. H. Lightfoot, 29; 7, W Hodgson; 28

Dr. Barker said he experienced a vast impruvement in the work since his judging on a previous occasion. Drs. Dean and Young also expressed their appreciati on of the excellent performances The" John Lardcr Ch a llenge Shield" was the coveted trophy for the team work and the" Braund Challenge Bowl)) in the ladies' competition, the winners each holding them for the ensui ng 12 months; other valuable prizes were also gained. Mrs. J. S. Harper, wife of the president of the Hull Distri ct Council, presented the awards. Mr. Harper) in expre ssing words of encouragement to the competitors, stat ed that the judge's marking sheet in one section showed th a t 100 per cent. of marks had beeH gained in three instances

lIuLL.-The Annual Meeting of the North Eastern Area Centre was held in the District Superintendent's office, Hull, on Sunday, July 28th, when delegates we re present from the six districts of the Centre.

The officers elected were: -Honorary President, Sir R. L. Wedgwood, c.B., C.M.G.; President, Th os. Hornsby, Esq . ; Chairman, Mr. S. Hardwick; Vice-Chairman, Mr. ]. Willis; Secretary, Capt. Geo. Jackson.

The Secretary presented his annual report, whi ch showed that 74 classes had been formed, Newcastle wi th 21 heading the list. During the session examinati on s num as follows: -Certificates 348, Vouchers 245, .l\Iedalhons 250, Labels 900. Cases treated by the six c.l.istricts totalled 72,919, making a grand total of 1,106,331 smce January, 1896.

From the figures given a substantial increase in numbers p;;tssing is shown, 1/43 having pass ed as aga111st 1,302 last seSSIOn, but there is yet a large number of the staff who have not availed themselves of t he opportunity of joining the classes, and further me a ns should be adopted to prevail upon them, especially the younger men.

The Directors' Shield was won by the Parkest on team at Edinburgh in June.

Expressions of approval were made at the ste a dy progress maintained in the work of the Cent r e, and further efforts are to be made in the coming sessi on, to awaken a deeper interest in the wo r k amongst the younger members of t h e staff

As the result of a Oag day held on July 6th, at Southcnd· on-Sea, the loca l S .J. A.B. Division obtained £459.

At thc Petty Sessions, reccnLly, a builder w a s summoned for not b aving the contents of llis first-aid box up to the req u ired standard.

A new motor ambulance equipped wilh up-to-d a te appitances, has been purchased for Redcar and disLrict by t h e local detachmcnts of the Br i tish Red Cross Society. Il w ill rep lace an old vehicle which has travelled ovcr 10, 000 rni les, and carr ied about 1, 000 cases. T he new am bulance cost £ 500.

Aug u s t, 19 29.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EUITO RIALS,J A B, R eport

Britis h R ed Cross Society's R epo l-t pioneers of Medicine

The Spec ia l Constabu lary and First Aid

BRIGADE DISTRICT R EPORTS

No 1 (Pri n ce of \ Va les) ; No 2

No 3; No. 4 ; No.5

No.6

No 8; No 10 Priory for Wales

Enemies of Knowledge

City of London Police R eserve

RAILWAY AMBULANCESouthern Great vVestern London, Midland and ScoLLisi1 London and N orLh-Eastern

Fir!:>t .\id on French Road!:>

:\l etropolitan Special ConsLabulary Re!:>erve ...

II ow Lo Spend an interesting Saturday Afternoon

Res earch Defence Society

DeLailed Marking Sheet No 16

Typhoid Vaccination

L ETTERS TO Til E EUlTORIedallion Alteration

Rc N.C.O 's Examination

Thirty- six Years

NEWS CUTTINGS-

Cat Causes Gas l'vl i!:>hap

Had Bath after IVlea l

Poison Drunk in l\listakc for WaLer First Aid 011 a Roof .,.

Body in l outh Our

A I D. 59

First Aid on French Roads *

By DH. PIERRE BEH.\GUE

TilE idea of rel1dL:rillg .assistance to tra\ cllcrs and pilg-rims daLes back to Lhc carliest of timcs and in the annals of the reJ;, otest ages of antiquity we rind references to the worship del lies to whol11 Lravellers looked for protection. It is Lrue that these de!ties were also reputed to protect robbers! I n medlGeval tll11e , travellers on foot and on horseback ha lt for rest and food at the refuges erected under the auspIces of patron saints. The competent authorities created "havens of refugc" and cstablished them at regular inten ais alonif highways tra\ 'ersed by coach anJ carriage bcL\\"een CIties of the country. The Hospice of Saint Bernard is, 111 fact, no more than a first aid post. With the ad\'ent of the ra.ilways, statio.ns and trains were prO\ ided with requisite material for rendenng first aid to the injured. of the bicycle vnlS the tlrsL signal for a re\ 'Jval travelling by I-oad <lI:d, ill 1893, Lhe Touring' C lub de France created along the hnc French ro:tcb a chain of tir!:>t aid posts where \ icLillls of cycling accid e nt'> could apply for all they required, either for themselves or for thL: repair of their machines. The "Var naturally checked the re\ i\ al of road travel, but at the sanw time it proved that roads were indispensable; the automobile was no\\' no long"cr used exclusively for sport, it \\'as becoming a most practical means of locomotion.

From that date, our roads, on \\"hich were to be found thousands of pedestrians, \\"ere more or less mOllopolizcd by Illall-, hors('- and motor-driYen vehicles the different !:>peeds of which steadily led to thc more and more frcqucnt occurence of accidents of increasing gnwity. ConsequenLly , if proper assistance \vas to be rendered to the victims, it no Jonger sufilced to establish dressing stations at fixed points along the roads, but arrangements had to be madc whereby thesc victims could be attended to ,,"ithout delay bya lJualifiecl starr at the very spot where the accident occurred.

In the department of the Loiret, in 1926, the Federation Nationale de Sau\'etage created a number of first aid po s ts in the differenL towns and \'illages situated on the main roads , but the difficulty of finding thc requisite personnel that had to belong to a recognized institution made it nccessary to establish these posts in the centre of the to\\'n , generally at a considerable distance frol11 the danger pot!:J. Furthermore, these posts were equipped \\'ith material of !:>uch a nature that there \\"as some danger in lcm ing them in the hands of inexpericnced persons; it \\"as therefore impossible to install these posts in some districts and o\\"ing to the cxpense il1\'ol\'ed the projcct could not be generalised.

At the rece n t nag day, held with t he objecL of provid ing funds for Lhe necessary p u rchase and rencwaJ of guipme n t by Lhe Ho r s h am D ivision, S .J .A.B., the s u m of £120 as. 7d was rea li se d

In 1927, the Touring Club de France-pursuing its original idea- on tile i nitiaLi \"e of its Presidents, 'l\I 1\1. Defert and Chaix, formed a Medical -Surgical Relief Commi sian, o\ er which I had the honour La preside, for attending to \ icLims of road accidents. Thi Commission mobilised thc scrvices of all persons able to furni h useful information, hoth as regard thc reputed danger areas and the cau "es of accident, as well as on Lhe most !:>uitable methods of treating' the more cOlllmon ca e and, after persevcring cflorts, it was able to establish the rulcs and regulations to be obsen'cd by the first aid posts created along the main arteries of the country. The T. C. F. then proceeded to the erection of posts at regular intervals a long two roads selected by way of experiment: thc national road No. 20, between .\nLony and Eta'1'pes, and road No. 10, between Saint Crr and Rall1bouilleL. The results of this preliminary cxperiment were conclusivc : within the space of 6 months, thc 14 posts created for the 70 kiloJl1 tres represented by these t\\"O sections helped in attending to 36 cases and, unfortunately,

* Rep l inted from Tlte 'YVoYld's Healtlt.

were called upon to guard the bodies of 6 persons who had lost their li ves.

The Union ationale des Associations de Tourisme (U. N.A. T.) was fully qualified to place this idea of first aid on the road on a more general footing and in December 1928 its President, 1\1. Auscher, who was also President of the T. C. F., notified the 1\lanaging Council of a proposal for creating in addition to the driving- licence test and the measures taken to prevent illicit tampering with motor fuels, a third sen ice under the title of "Road Relief." This proposal was approved and the Council appointed me Chairman of the Managing Committee of this service. The MedicalSurgical Relief Commission of the T.C.F. was appointed Technical Counsellor to the sen ice.

The organisation of first aid on road i based on four main principles :-

1. To render assistance to the injured on the scene of the accident.

2. To see that the injured are attended to by qualified persons.

3. To avoid creating a number of posts in one area and leaving other areas unprovided.

4. To convey a doctor to the scene of the accident as soon as possible and, in all cases, to allow the injured to choose their doctor.

The first of the principles implies that the Relief Post must be established on the premises of persons working at home and situated as near as possible to a danger zone, as well as the organization of a service of cars equipped with the requisite first aid material.

The second principle implies the necessity of training the staff attached to the first aid posts a well as the person to whom the first aid chests are entrusted.

The third necessitates the creation of a central organisation and the keeping of a file index to facilitate the equal distribution of po st s , their rapid recognition and uniform equipment.

Finally, the fourth principle 'entails the preparation of a list of doctors \.\'ithin reach of the post, from. which the injurcd persons can make their choice.

PERMANENT FIRST AID POSTS.

A complete index of every first aid post establisllcd on the French roads is kept at the headquarters of the U. N. A. T. When onr of the associations incorporated in the Union or any group or indiyidual wishes to create one or ITlOre first aid post s , this list is referred to in order to see whether the road in question is not already provided with a similar institution. If no such post exists on the section selected, the promoter is granted a six months' option, during which period the road is placed under his control. At the expiration of the six months, the road is declared free once more if no first a id post is ilT.lstalled, or if one has been created, the fact is recorded with particulars of equ ipm ent, staff and position.

POSITION AND DISTINCTIVE SIGNS.

First aid posts are created wherever the road is really dangerous, and, on an average, 20 posts are provided for every 100 kilol'netres of road; as far as possible, these arc established outside towns and villages and near the danger spots. They are, moreo\'er, installed on the prem ises of person working at home, such as innkeepers, garagists, etc. Persons working 0n the land are not included in this category, since the nature of their occupation would n1.ean that the first aid material would at times be inaccessible.

The choice of for the posts is left to an inspector of the first aid serVlce of the U A.T ., who avails himself of. the furnished by the local touring clubs, motonsts, pollce, etc. His acquaintance with the road enables him to recognise the danger areas, and it is in these quarters that he seeks the indispensable voluntary workers. When, :=ts a of experience, it is found that the spot chosen IS unsuitable, or when comp laints or inspection show

A I D . August, 1929.

that the person to whom the post has been cntrustcd is not carry ing out his duties satisfactori ly, the post is moved Or suppressed.

First aid posts are marked by two s ign -bo a rd s fixed at right angles to the road and visible to traf-fic going in either direction. The e sign -b oards, which are placed at the sid e of the road, stand on pu blic property, and the necessary permission for the fixture has been granted by the Ministry of Public vVorks. On the proposal of the U.N.A.T., arran ge_ ments were made for the standardisation of the sign-boards, text, and dimensions of the lettering. MATERIAL.

First aid material is kept always in the' same I lace in s ide the house chosen as a post. It consists of : (1) a co ll apsibl e stretcher with shoulder straps and blanket, the whole ti ed together with two canvas bands; (2) a Grst aid outfit, e nclosed in a metal ca e 28 cms. by 16 cms. by 10 cms., a n d compl-ising two folding splints, two bandages, one cot to n dressing for the arrest of hcernorrhage (to avoid rubber whi c h has the disadvantage of hardening with age), three dr essing'S of French army pattern, one large dressing, three 125 grm. packets of absorbent cotton, and six phials of eth e r with file.

All these articles are numbered and directions for th e ir use are indicated on the id of the case as well as in a sm a ll handbook speciall)' pu bl ished for the purpose. Th is h an dbook is placed in the third part of the equipment, which also includes a special nag (known as the S. O. S. signal of the road) with a red cross in the corner, and a small board on which are to be found :-

(a) The !lame and address of the doctor aLtachecl t o the post.

(b) A list of the nearest religious fUllctionaries

(c) The tel e phone number of the post, or, if not p rovided \\'ith a telephone, information as to the near e st on e.

(d) the address of the nearest hospital.

To these are added a book of forms (with counterfoils ) for requisi t ioning material to replace that used ill connec t ion with an accident A red stamp ed is also pl"Oyi de d to facilitaLE' the forwarding of the requisition forms to the first aid service of the U.N.A.T. and to ensure delivery of tbe requisite material by return of post.

(To be concluded.)

The Kenfig Hill Division will be holding open comp et itions on Saturday, September 7th. Ambulance, ursi ng', Boy and Girl Cadets cOI11[-Ctitions will be stagcd. Full pa rticulars can be had of 1\1r. [ C. Hopkins, 3, Picton- trec t, Kenfig Hill, near Bridgend.

The Chairman of the Southall-Norwood District Coun cil (Mr. Hutchings) and Mr. Councillor F. W. Moss, are und ertaking the duties of M. C. 's at a flannel dance arranged by the Southall Ambulance and Nursing Divisions, to take place on Wednesday, 28th inst., at the Fairlawn H a ll, Southall.

Over 1,000 members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade gathered at Pontefract for the annual drum-head ser vice organised by the PonLefract Division on Sunday, Jul y 21s t. Ambulance workers from various parts of thE' West Riding and South Yorkshire were received at the Castle by the Mayor of Pontcfract (Mr. P. Wilson), who was accomp-ani ed by other members of the Corporation The Divisions represented included ew Edlington, Thorne, Goldthorpe, Ask er ll, Brodsworth and South Kirkby.

Does your colleague read FIRST AID, if not, send us his address and we: will post him a copy.

August, 1929. FIRST Metropolitan Special Constabulary Reserve.

Tm: above Division must undoubtedly be one of the mo st proficient Division in the whole Metropolis in first aid.

Every encouragement is given by Commandant Young-, O. B. E., Commander Hayden, M. B. E., and other officers of the Division, to promote a knowledge of the subject amongst its members. In fact, members as far apart as Peckham, Lewisham, Penge, Beckenham and Bromley have attended the classes, which has been so ab ly lectured by Dr. ].J. Hughes, M.B., of ForestHill.

The resul(is that 97 men are now in possession of first aid certificates"or re-examination vouchers. These cla.sses are to be continued and it is hoped that thi s number will be more than doubled.

A I D. 41

out a po ssib le 280, "N)) Division being second With 165 t I?OL11ts and" Z JJ Division, third with 156 points.

The wll1ners and runners up received ao ld and silver medals respectively. l:>

The Lewi sham team accompanied by Chief Inspector A. Garnar, Lewisham Station, was Special Constable Woodman (Capt.), Sergts. Opie and Baylis, Special Constables Cannon and Denyer with Special Constables Climpson and Fry (reserves)

In congratulating the winners and runners up, Sir Commandant-in-Chief expressed his high appreCiation of the good preraratory work which had been done by all competitors.

The Lewisham te:11:1 were both surprised and delighted at beating all Lon:l s n in this competition.

At a meeting amongst themselves later, they took the opportunity of thanking their coach and trainer, Police Constable Facey, P. 254, Peckham Station and were unanimous in their conviction that the whole credit was due to this

In April of this year Alderman A. E. Gledhill (Chief In s pector, Peckham) very kindly presented a silver cup for competition open to Station teams in the Di, ision. The competition was held on June 14th, 1929, and after much ke e nness had been displayed Lewisham were returned the winners with 189 points, Peckham secur in g second place with 185 points and Penge third with 143t points.

On Jul y 14th, a competit ion open to all Divisions of Metropo litan Special Constabulary Re serve, for a. very fine silver cup presented by Commandant A. Gollin, C. B. E., was he ld at l\"ew Scotland Yard and teams from K,L N, P, S, T, W, Y and Z Divisions competed.

The Judges were Lt. Col. F. A. Brooks, 1\'1. D., Capt A. White Knox, NJ.C., M.B., and Dr. R. Connon Robertson, very ab ly ass isted by Capt. Goodley and Supt. Simpson of the S .J.A.B.

After a very int eresting competition the c up was awarded Lo "P JJ Division (Lewisham Station) who obtaincd 206t

member of the Reg-ular Police, who makes it a spare time hobby to promote a knowledge of first aid to .the Special Constabulary and to the Regular Force. HIS years ot experience on the subject, his concentration on the, essentials, and his enthusiasm gi\'es him the supreme confidence that trains a team to win.

Th e above figures prove this. In competing for the " Gledhill" Cup, Lewisham had a narrow ",in of 4- points on a team which was also Facey-trained.

The annual inspecti on of the Sheringham Di\'ision of the St. John Ambulance Brigade was held by lajor J. F. C. Hossack, Commissioner No 10 District and layor of Tpswich, at the Recre at ion Ground, Upper Sheringham-l Clad, at 10 a.m. on Sunday, July 21st.

" P JJ Division (Lcwisham Station), Metropolitan Special Constabulary Ambulance Team.

How to Spend an In teresting Saturday Afternoon.

can be a very dull subject, but given an efficient lecturer and interesting specimens one can enjoy the learning of bones, etc , and since the authorities of the London Hospital Scboo l of Anatomy have allowed their lecture room, spec imens and museum to be used free of charge, many have taken tbe opportunity of reaping the benefit. The lecturer, who every Saturday afternoon gives up his pleasu re so that others may advance the i r knowledge in this branch of ambulance work, is Ambulance Officer Harris.

It would be im possible to detail all the he l pfu l hints given or enumerate the specimens, etc , shown, and only a personal visit can do it just ice. As the wonders of the body are unfolded, points that someti mcs 111 uddle one seem surprisingly clcar and sim pIe.

The mus um is a place one should not miss A half day is far too short, and days could be spent studying the various specimens of the human body.

There is no charge for the lecture or the visit to the museum, and Ambulance Officer Harris is only too pleased to give his time and l earning to members of the ambulance movement.

Of course, if one wants to say" Thank you," a little hospital box on a side table is very conveniently handy. Parties from seventy to a hundred can be seated in the lecture room, and the lecturer prefers his room to be ful l.

Those who are interested in this subject shou ld write to l\1r. Harris at the School of A n atomy, London Hospital l\led ical College, Turner - street, London, E.1, who will be very pleased to forward full particulars and any free date that he may have open. •

Res earch Defence Society.

TIrE Research Defence Society have forwarded us particulars of their work. The Society was founded in January, 1908, by Stephen Paget, F.R.C.S., to make genera lly known t h e facts about on animals and the r egulations under which they are conducted; the immense importance of such experiments to the we lf are of mankind; and the great savin CT of h u man and animal life and health b

The Society gives information to a ll who desire to examine arguments on behalf of experiments on animals; makes ar r angements for addresses and lantern lectures; and publis h es and distributes literature .

Members receive th e qu a rt e rl y journ a l, " Th e

F i ght Aga i nst D isease," free o f c h ::t r ge . Assoc iate Membe rs may have t h e j ou rn a l S.'nt to them for an add itiona l subscr iption of 2;' p er year. Mem bership is not confined to the med ical profession, but is open to al l.

The subscri ptions are : Members, 10 ; -; Associate 1\ [em bers, 5/ -. U ncle r g rad LlJ tes and students of mcdicine are eligible fo r ssoc iate membership on subscription of 2/6 J he Life membership subscription being £5 5s

Any of our readers who are inte r ested in this su bject should com m un icate with the Secrelary, 11, Chandos-street, Cavendish - square, London, W . C. 1, who wi 11 be pleased to forward fu ll part ic u lars of the Society.

-+-

Detailed Marking Sheet, No. 16

. '1'1£.\.\[ TE::'I.

c.\[W OF l:\sTRL:cnoi\'s.

You four \\'alking' through a \'illage allll arc by a man who says that a friend of hj::, i:-. in an epileptic lit at the end of lIlt' \'illagc. You no eLjuipment. Act you should.

NOTE FOR JUDGE, i\rrangc scene \'illag'e l\lark of hll1l1d with rcel ink on right check and hilll Icanil1g' against garden \\'all of a cottage, In one cornel' of 1'00111 mark orf enclosure labelled "Po/he Sialioll," where pIau: equipnwnt. Some \ ' illagers are roulld patient.

Dc/Ill'!::: oj Tesl.

I ,\CTIOt\'

Mode of rcaeling card and actillll takcn

,\Sk messenger to render a::,si:c,tance where equipmcnt Ult Police Slaliull)

Despatch two bearers for equipmcnt

.\dvisc act with tact and discrimination

This done, decide ad\'CU1cc on patient

Elicit history frol11 mes:c,enger in transit

Especially if patient liable to fits (yes)

Kecp crowd back; offer help tactfully

,\sk if in pain (n/{lzl jorearllZ and head)

Note trickle of blood (ji'olll ear)

Ask if eyielencc of blood elsewhere (no)

Tactful words to paticnt and bystanders

Place patient recumbent without delay

Ask jf cottage hospital ncar ( /-00 yards)

If doctor or ambulance availablc (no)

N ames and address of paticnt (2 mdL's)

EXAMINxnON OF PXrlE1\'T,

Te:,t for in:c,cnsibility (Palim/ dll::;cd)

Establish signs of COlllpression of Brail1

Face (jluslzed) pulse and breathing (/ull)

Loo:,en clothes; neck, chest (lI1Ll abdomen

Co\'cr warmly; examine for wound (IIOILC)

Establish that blood is CO III ing fr0111 ear

Decide probably Fractureel Base Skull

Examine right forearm IIr:c,t-for bru :,e (no)

Swelling above wrist (yes) ; irrco'ularity ()les)

Loss of pO\,ver (not marl.'ed) ; ,vound (no) ".

Decide probably 1111 pacted Fracturc Forearm

Rap d y cxcl u de frac tu res clsewhere (no)

TREATMENT OF PATIENT.

Keep Dat! raisc head and shou lelcrs slightly Head to sIde; co d to head continuously", CO\'er wann )' ; crowd back; frcsh air , ,\sk if ear sti ll b l eeding (no) ; \\'ip.c away ,

Do not p l ug cal'; kcep quiet; no stimulant'>

Carefu ll y watch for further IIts (1/0) ,

Do not expose forcarm ; hcnd at right angle",

Protect llanel ; apply t \VO hroad spl ints

Fix ',."ith thrcc bandages; brgc armsling' OF P,\TrENT

j\-.k if any furthcr change in paticnl (I/o)

Decide rcmove qu ickly to hospital

Ol'tailcd Illcssages to home anel hospital

Preparing, tcsling and placing stretcher , Loading strctchcr (kc{'p./la/, lu ad /0 sidl')

Lifting, carrying and lowering strctcher

.\djusting slings; carc in stepping (Jut

Do 110t wait to change Bearcrs

Carc and observation elu ri ng- prog-rc-.s '"

Report to doctor (it t'S/OI:), , dill,r:'llosis, /rc{{/lIlcIII)

Ccneral smartness and co-operation of tcam

fetters to the

We are in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents, - EDITOR,

RE N,C.O,'S T.

DE \R SrR,--

\Ve ha\'c in our Di\'i"ion 2 rccently made ,\mhulance Orficers\\'ho up to the datc of their "examination"ne\'cr g'a\'c an order to allY company or squael of l11el1.

Please note the ilwertcd commas as the examination \\'a" a farce from beg-inning- to cnd as all who were present knc\\', Only the two appointed men were any chancc at all, although there wcre prcsent a Sel'gcanl holding a longscn ice mcdal and two Corporals with 10 year' sen'ice.

I might say thai the men were from Pri\'atc and lIon, SClgeant and arc still holding the Secretaryship and Treasuryship of the Di\ i-.ion, Yours, etc" "

MEDALLION ALTER,\T10NS.

DE \R Sm,Pleasc excusc me encroaching on your \ alllable spacc, hut I should like to kno\y the vie" s, for or the following;- '

As all Brigadc men know, after pa:-.sing aliI' third c'\al11. we get a Il1cdallion which we can \\'l'(\r on our \\'atch chain"" Thereaftcr for c\'ery pass at thc annual we g'el a abel. thcsc l abels al'c \,pry nicc (and I slwulel not like to Sl C them pass away) but, rcally, the)' arc too cumhersome to Wear on a watch chain,

A fcw of us ha\'e thought that it would he \'ery nine if Headquarters could see their ,,'a)' c l ear to institute medallions of a dilTercnl design for thc follo\\'ing rears. Three (as now), Scvcn, ten, fifteen and t\\'enty and, of coursc, thcl'e arc SOIllC who will say 1wenty-ll\'c nncl'lhidy, I know we ha\'(' the Long Sl'I'\ icc i\Il'elal nnd Sen'icC' Daclg-es, hut, of COLlrSL" they arc only \\'01'11 wilh LlnifDJ'Ill, and our idea s tllat whcn amhulance Illl'n meet in Illuft i, WL' ('an tell at a g' lnll('(' how ILlng a Illiln 1l:\S he('n n nH'mlwr,

A I D. 43

and, also, in our estimation, it would create a new incenti\'e for men to go on and on and get these new medallions. no doubt, will say if a man will only stop in the !3 rt g- ade to get these dirrcrent medallions he is bellcr out of It. tlwse would sax do not look al it from t hat point, hut ,\S a reward for sen'lce rendered,

Yours faithfulh'

.\LBERT E'. COCKS, Sergt., \Vobtanton, n. 5 Dist riet,

TJI f RTY-S I X

DEAR SlR,-

thc I<'[(el's of apprcciat ion OU arc con<;tantiy all o\'er thc\\'orld, there will not he Illany who wnte WIth the copy of 1, Vol. I, Jul, 1RCJ-I- in frol;1 of thclll, . ,

I n?l onlr see this as, I \\Tite, hut I sec the gcnial Chief Sup!. \\ J. Church BrasH: r those 50 ambulancc men at thc Mansion House at Quccn Victoria's Jubilee, 18R7, I sec, as I read the items of interest in "F \." fOl' Juh', 1929, scarcely one namc left that I know; H Bonar's ,,'orels cOllle forcibly to my minel, ., , \ few more rears shall roll,"

One can always fcel joyously'confident in the success and cxpansion of a great \ oluntar), mo\'el11cnt, and no 1ll0\,Cmcnt has come down to us from the latter half of the nineteenth century more producti\'e of practical o'ood and ,,'ortl1, of expansion '..vith security of the .:\mbu'lance l\IO\'ement, wherein thc S,j. .,\, B. playa prominent part and the need of a publicity agent is so ably supplied ill the production of "F \," which came through 50 months of war, a pcriod that is going to stand out in England'.:; histon' t o what it appears to us \\'ho li,'ed it.'

It IS pleaSIng to kno\\' your correspondents arc ablc to assist in the production of "F,A.," to percci\'c the courteous acknowledgement of the samc in print, and to inspire that mutu;.tl feeling of encouragement to go forward " ith Ollt' of thl' gTeatest mO\'ell1cnh of l1lodern timc,>, - Faithfully your", E, J, R \CE.\\'lTZ.

Typho id Vaccination

are man\' qualitie-. necc,,-.ary in a Yaccinc, In thc first place it be specillc, i,e., it must he cb,ek related to the germ causing the disease; a typhoid \';lccin'c C;l.nlwt he expected to protect again:-.t cholera. In the "c(Llnd place, the germs from which a \' Hccine is mack Illu:-.t he rendered hannlcss, This can he done either hy killing thelll outright or hy reducing their virulence to a snfe degree, ,\11 example of such a rcduction of the \'irulencc of a g'erm is to be fl)uncl in CalmetLc's B C. G, yaccinc against tuherculosis, It consists of germs \\' hose remote anccstors were ca pa ble l)f caus i ng tu herculosis, but "'hose culli\ ntion under certain conditions has n'nckred them harmless, '\ et they still retain thc capacity to stimulate the body to produce clcfensi,'e -.ub:-.tancc,> against fully "iruk nt tuhercle bacilli, Pastcur employed the same prinCIple in diseases sLlch as rabies anel hydropho'bia, and in Illanyothers, In thc case of typhoid "accination, ho\yc, 'cr, the typhoid gel'ms are not culti\'atecl till they hecome harmless, but arc ki l led outright. But before the mctlwd of preparing this \'accine is described, it may hc \\'l'1I to trae" brielly the history of typhoid \ accination, The persons to ",hom ,,·c owc most in thi" iil'ld an' the Englishman, Sir ll11roth \\'righl, and the Gl rnl.l.IlS KL)lk and Pfeirrel', The yaccines thl'Y prcparcd ,,'erl' lir"t u"ed in 1H<)6, In 1898, \\Tright \\'as responsihle fnr the yaccinalion of 4,000 -.oldiers in India. During the Bller war <;l)llle hundred thoLlsand soldil'rs ,,'erL' tn'nted \\'ilh t) plll1itl \accinL' with n',,>u l ls which "'Nl' Ilot :1,,, gOlxl a" lill') might ha\'\'

been, as too great heat was employed in their preparation. Since 190+ vaccination against typhoid has been constantly practised in the British Army in India with excellent results. In 1910, typhoid vaccination became compulsory in the American Army, and in 1914 in the French

Great War broke out, the techniqu3 cf typhoid had so and standardised that it was possible to practise It wholesale, with the result that typhoid feyer was very rare on the Western Front during the latter part of the war. In earlier ,vars typhoid fever has played a most important part, though not necessarily a decisive part, as both sides suffered from it.

The following figures give an approximate idea of what typhoid vaccination means in warfare. During- the Americ,:n Civil "Var there were as many as 38 843 deaths from typhOid fever, whereas during the Great "Var the i\mcrican army lost only 158 men from this disease. It has been calculated that if typhoid fever had been as frequent during the Great War as it was during the Ciyil \Var, the Americans would have lost 62,694 men from typhoid fever. It is true that during the Great War small epidemics of typhoid fever did break out here and there, but thanks largely to the fact that most of the soldiers were already vaccinated against this disease, these epidemics usually died out before they had time to assume great proportions. The difference in the incidence of this di ease among the vaccinated soldiers and the unvaccinated civil population was so great that there could be no doubt as to the importance of typhoid vaccination. Thus in one small town occupied by the German soldiers there were about 1,000 cases among the civilians whereas there were only a few poradic cases among- the vaccinated soldiers.

Readers of these lines who took part in the Great War as soldiers, will not need to be reminded about the injections to which they had to submit, but for the information of those who had no practical experience in this matter it should be noted that a typhoid vaccine is usually given by injection under the skin on three occasions, with an interval of a week between each injection. It is customary to include in one and the same injection a mixed vaccine, i.e., one which consists not only of dead typhoid germs, but also of dead paratyphoid germs. Noone can claim that the resulting reaction is pleasant, but it soon passes off, whereas the immunity thus achieved lasts for years Compared with the possibility of suffering for weeks and even months from the most debilitating and depressing effects of typhoid fever itself, the few hours of discomfort following typhoid vaccination are indeed a negligible evil. It is also possible to give a typhoid vacc in e by the mouth and thus to avoid the discomforts of an injection under the skin. It is still too early to say which of these two methods is the of Red Cross Societies.

;\mbulance )'lews euttings from the

The Editor invites Readers to send newspaper cuttings on matter of general interest for inclusion in this column.

CAT CAUSES GAS MISHAP.

Three persons narrowly escaped death at Colchester through a cat chasing a mouse. Awakened about 5 a.m. by the howling of a dog, Mr. Fred Stamp found hi s bedroom filled with gas. He rou ed his landlady and her little daughter who slept in an adjoining- room, and who were dazed and almost insensible.

On going downstairs he found a cat lying neal- the g as stove in the kitchen, and it appeared that in chasi ng a mou se during the night the eat's paw had opened the main tap of the gas oven. The animal died.-Szl1tday Pictorial.

HOT BATII AFTER MEAL.

Called to a house in Market-place, Chalfont St. Peter, at 7 a.m ., P.e. Humpreys burst open the bathroom door a nd found Charles Hemmings lying in a foot of water, his body almost black with cold

For OVE'r an hour and a half the constable applied ar tificial respiration, ami a doctor gave an injection. After a time Hemmings began to breathe and his eyes opened. A moment later, however, he had a convulsion.

For another hour the constable and doctor applied art ificial respiration, and actually the heart beat for a few seconds, but death took place. Hemmings, after a hea y) meal, went to have a hot bath at 11. 30 p. Ill., the rest of th e household being in .AJail.

PorSON DRUNK IN MISTAKE FOR "VATER.

After using spirits of salts to clean some fiUings, th e wife of a bus driver, living at Twickenham, put the CLIp which contained the acid among some dirty crockery w a re on the dresser. That night she rose from bed to get one of the children a drink of water, and by mischance picked u p the cup which had contained the poison. Instead of carrying it to the little one she swallowed a draught herself, and immediately became very ill. Und er medical treatment slw made a partial recovery, but sub sequently her condition became worse and she died in StMary's Hospital. At the inque t the coroner returned a verdict of " Death by misadventure."

FIRST AID ON A ROOF.

The Southall-N orwood Council have given a donation of £10 to the Southall S.] .A. B. First Aid Dressing Station.

As a result of a Naval Ball held at the Southend Kursaal on Friday, Jul y 19th, £12 6s. 3d. has been forwarded to the Southend Division, S.]. A. B.

3' E

A record collection rewarded the efforts of the organ.and workers for the flower day on Saturday, July 20th, 111 aid of SL John Ambulance Association. The total amount obtained was £127 is., of which £92 5s. 1d. was raised in Lougbborough, and £34 16s. 11d., in the villages. The expenses for flowers and printing were £25, leaving a sum ot £102 is. for the funds of the Association.

Th e matron of a Penarth nursing home climbed LO t he roof of a house, with two nurses, to render fil-st aid t o a steeplejack who fell from a higher roof while repairin g a chimney stack and suffered serious injury. He was aft erwards lowered on a stretcher and taken to Cardiff Infirmary.-Evening News.

FOREIGN BODY IN MOUTIl.

Someone came in this morning to tell me of this qu ee r incident. A young man engaged at his office in Holbo r n Viaduct had his skull fractured recently in a motor accident. H e remained unconscioLls for a day, when. he was able to take some liquid nourishment. After the fir t spoonful he took something from his mouth and handed it to the sister. It was the stem of his pipe.-Evem·ng News.

Our Nurses Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER..

As several enqmnes have been received lately with r ef erence to uniform, perhaps some notes on the subj ect will not come amiss.

Women do not take kindly to uniform. In mufti they may all elect to the same style of dress, but each wa nts hers to be 111 some small way different to that of he r neighbour. Perhaps this is the reason why the word (( uniform" seems so distasteful to many. And yet, a large body of peopk unite for some special work, It IS necessary that the members should be clothed alike. For one it brings all on to the same level socially; and then, If nghtly ch?sen, and correctly worn, it makes for smartness and effi('!ency.

Probably :,. il '.Jf us see something in our uniform that we should Iil _ altered. That is inevitable. We must, howeve r, the team spirit, sinking our own feelings, an d behev111g that whoever planned our form of dress ch ose each part for some particular use and not for our sp cc ial discomfort.

Think for a moment of some body of men or women in uniform you particularly admire. We in London are oft en thrilled by the sight of the Guards. What is it th at moves us in this way? It is not only their dress bu t the way it is worn; its smartness, and the fact that man is dressed exactly alike in every detail. Now let us tu rn our minds to a parade of women First Aiders-of the Br iga de or the Society; or better still examine one of many photos of such which appear in the papers from tll ne to How the uniforms differ-in length, in deta Il, and 111 the manner in which they are put on. And Yet t hey should not, if regulations are properly adhered to. !t is not the new meml)ers who are the only offenders111 a way they are to be forgiven if they err on some point or other. But it is the seniors also, who certainly should kn ow better. This lack of exactness in detail is also to noticed i.11 the of compethion teams, which surely IS a pIty, as It. should be possible to gain every single mar k gnTen for uniform. But no, even here are to be ob sc)'\' ed such errors as aprons which do not meet at the back, or which drop at the waist below the belt; some dr esse s shorter than others; and many other incorrect de t a ils.

L et ns examine the Brigade nniform, taking each item se pa rately.

The dress should l)e twelve inches from the ground. an cl shoulc1 luyc three one inch tucks at tIle hottom with i nch between each, the hem being three inches deep. Th e sleeves should fasten with four white pearl buttons. r egulation buttons on the shoulder straps should be Y! sl ble. and the Brigade armlet, which is worn on the n g:ht arm, should be placed in the middle of the armth at is, that portion of the upper limb from tIle shoulder to t}le elbow The armlet should be of petersham ribbon, Inches wide, and the badge on it should be in line with th.e shoulder strap when the arm is hang'ing at the side Wi t h the palm of the hand turned inwards. V.A.D. armlet s which are worn on the left arm, should also he midway up the arm, with tIle badge in line v-"ith the shoulder strap. The regulation apron now meets at the hack and thc str a ps cross at the hack, right over left for both officers and members A safety pin should fasten it to the dress at the. waist line to prevent it dropping below the belt. Th e bib should fit well under the collar, and one inch of th e dress should be visihle helow the skirt of the apron. Thus, the latter wi]] be 13 inches from the ground.

The St. J oLn collars now have rounded points, but cuffs and belts h9..ve square ones. The collar is of a partIcular pattern, an 1 is much more comfortable than that worn formerly. It should be pinned down to the neckband of the dress at the back. Cuffs are inches deep and must be fastened over the same way as the sleeves; and must also be so secured that they cannot be twisted round on the WrISt. (A good plan is to pass the stud through the lowest of the dress sleeve, thus preventing the cuff from Shpp111g and at the same time keeping it in its correct p.oslhon.) Belts, 2i inches wide, are fastened on the left Side by means of two studs.

Members who have gained their medallions must wear them. hanging just below the collar in the centre front. No nbbon , c.o:d or chain on which they may be suspended should be VISIble. They must be of full size in bronze and kept quite bright, and must not be gilded:

Shoes and stockings are, of course, black. It is no longer necessary to wear lace shoes, but whatever kind are worn, th ey must be plain and have sensible heels. High heels are out of place with uniform, and are obviously un tIltable for our work.

The pretty indoor caps are so often badly put on. Memb e rs wear the V.A.D. cap, with the black and white badge in the centre, and officers the Sister Dora. The former should fit the head closely, the two ends being pulled forward one over each shoulder. Ther e should he no po,ints like ears sticking- up from that part of the cap coverIng the. head. If stiffened very very slightly, this head-dress WIll b e found to keep in position much better and to look smarter. The Sister Dora cap should be stiff, and gathered at the back so that it stands fairly erect on the head. It is not meant to be worn bonnet fashion. For hospital work the strings may be discarded.

So much for the inrl.oor uniform. Now for that worn outdoors.

It is not essential to wear the coat on duty unless the officer in cha rge requires it; but if worn, it must be fastened up its entire length, including the hooks at the neck band. Vlhen carried, it should be fastened, the s le eves put thr o ugh the belt at the back) and the coat folded and carried over the left arm with the bado-e showing. Oh, those badges! Are ever two in the same pO',ition? Just measure your own and see if it is correct. W:len the coat is on, the middle of the badge should be a a point four inches down and three inches to the rip;nt of the middle line of the front of the coat, measurir.g from the hottom of the neck hand. Dresses and aprons should not show below the coat.

Storm caps are not correct uniform. The badge on the reg'ulation hat sh o uld be kept bright, and should be 1 inch above the ribbon band. For inspection, white gloves c: hnI11rl. he worn, fabric for members, and fabric or kid for officers On otllcr occasions grey ones may take their place.

It all looks so simple on paper, but it is surprising- the many differences that can be found in a uniform which was -thoug-ht to he quite correct. It does pay to examine each garment in turn and to alter it so that it conforms strictly to regulations. Besides looking smarter , the wearer feels that it is so.

It is not permissible to wea.r part of a uniform only, the whole must ahvays be put on Members haye been known to go out on duty minus cuffs, belts, or even aprons, ')11 the plea that it is a wet day and that they are not going

to take off their coats. This is inexcusable) and were the inspecting officcr to pay a visit and ask for c?ats to be rCl110\'cd such members would find themselves m a sorry plight. Aprons should always be worn going to and from cil1ty. . . . . .

The abo\'C has not been wntten m a sp1nt of unkmd criticism hut with the idea of helping. If every member of the B:'igacle took an interest in h .e r uniform) and also in the way it was put on) the effect on parade would be wonderful. 0 one with any stretc h of imagination could call the dress beautiful, but that is all the more reason why it should be donned with care. H is serviceable and n eat amI can be madc to look smart, and sl1re ly these are the in view.

No wore! has been said as to cleanliness) hecause the Fi rst Aider knows so well that cleanliness of body and attire is absolutcly essential in her work. Nothing would induce her to appear on duty otherwise.

\Vith r egard to No. 1 District only) the following alterations and additions in dress regulations have been sanction cd.

Ambulance Sistcrs who have been awarded the Service Medal shall be permitted to wear a small red badge (s imilar pattern to the present Service Badge) on their oyercoats to denote they are in possession of the Service Badges.

In future all Officers and Ambulance Sisters of Nursing Divisions detailed for indoor duty will w.ear the Cap, unl ess oth e rwise notified by the Lady District Superintendent.

TO 5 DISTRICT) S.J.A.B.-On Saturday, July 20th, Bullcroft Main Corps h eld its annual Garden Fete and Competitions. Nine teams from Nursing Divisions competed tIl is year as against five last year, a sign of the growing interest taken in the cvent.

D enabv l\Iain \\'on the " Mrs. Humb1.e Challenge Cup" with a tot a l of 150 marks. vVombwell was placed second \yith 92 marks) and Askern third with 73 marks. Th e priz e for the member of a team gain ing the highest individual marks went to Mrs. S. M. Winpenny (Denahy ;\Iain) who g ained 48 out of a possible 50. Mrs. Humbl e very kindly presented the trophies.

The 20th Annual Competitions of the Brodsworth Corps were helel at Woodlands, near Doncaster) on Saturday. July 13 th The r es ults of the tests for Nursing Divisions were :Rooke Challenge Bow1.-1, Bullcroft; 2, Doncas te r; 3, Wombwell.

Boucher Cha ll enge Cup (for the best ambulance team). --Don caster.

On Saturday) Jul y 27th) Bristol held its annual stretcher competitions at the Zoolo gica l Gardens. The "Horace Cup" for '"yomen's teams was gained by St. Phillips Goods \'\'ith 105 marks out of a total of 200. Bristol Corps were runners-up with 100 marks. The judge was Dr. C C Lavington.

INGHAM V.A.D. 126.-This detachment marked tIle close of its past season by the members presenting the Commandant with a fountain pen as a mark of appreciation of her work with them. Since October. lectures have been g iven in First Aid and in Child Welfare) and a large numher of the memhers have passed the examinations held in these subjects. At tIle rally at Crown Point, Miss Spanton was awarded a prize for cooking and Miss Lawn one for b a h y wclfare.

H .\NTS V.A.D. 2.-The officers and members lleld a whist drive and social gathering' at St. Peter's Vicarage, the Polygon) Southampton) last month. Among others,

A I D August, 1929.

Mr. Moray WilIams (County Director) and Dr. J. H. Pendered, M.C) M.D. (Assistant County Director) v ery kindly attended. Tea was served during the afternoon, and at the conclusion of the whist drive, Mrs. C P. Hayl ey graciously presented the awards to those who had recen tly passed the examinations in First Aid and Infant Welfare. Following this) the Commandant) Miss R. E. Backhou se, asked Mrs. Hayley to accept a paper knife suitably engraved with the Red Cross.

V.A.D. NURSES IN CAMP.-During the last week in July, V .A.D. Nurses from all parts of Scotland assembled at Craigendinnie for their fourth annual camp. By the end of tIle week there were 230 m em bers under canvas.

Col. M. Lennan) D.S.O., R.A.M.C) Aberdeen, carried out an inspection on July 31st) while the Marquis and Marchioness of Aberdeen were present on August 7th when Li eut. -Ge n. Sir W. Peyton) General Officer COI11manding-in-chief, Scotland Commanct paid a visit to the camp.

V.A.D. INSPECTIONS.-Wilts V.A.D. 52 was inspec tcd at Bradford on July 9th by Lieut.-Co1. B. W. L onghurst, R.A.M.C, Col. Sir H. Bryan) the County Controller, also attending. The members gave a demonstrati on of first aid and nursing) treating three persons invol ved in a railway accident) and conveying them to an im provised hospital and providing for their after-care th ere They also submitted to oral examination.

At the conclusion Lieut.-Col. L onghurst congra tulat ed them on their efficiency and on the markcd progr es s 11 ey 11ad mad.e since his last visit.

Lieut.-Col. Lon g hurst also carried out an ins pection of Wilts. V.A.n 6 on July 15th at Chippenham at \yhich he expressed hims elf 'Very well satisfied with the efficiency and keenness of the members.

The display give n here consisted in r endering first aid in the case of a bicycle accident, improv ising an ope ratin '" theatre, a hospital ward with a patient just return inR the operating- theatre, and invalid cookery.

TIm F ANNYS.-At the end of las t month, a num ber of members of the First Aid ursin g Yeomanry went und e r canvas at Pirbri g ht for t h ei r annual training. The first week of the camp was given over to the officers, an d the r ema ining two weeks to t he rank and fde: This body was formed in 1909) and IS the oldest org-anisation of women for activ.e service. It was at first a mount ed corps, but is now attached to the A.S. C. and has to go thro.ugh of the transp?rt section. BeSIdes thIS, the tra111111g conSIsts 111 first aId) map making, and gas warfare. For one whole day every member has to wear and work in a gas mask.

Th e work is arduous) but the members are undaun te d. Som e of them served from 1914 until long after the Armi st ice was signed) and are ready again when their country needs them

Items (Divisional news and social, interest ing duties, lectures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambul ance s'ster, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon S'., London, K C.4·

Members of the 1st BI-entwood Troop of Boy Scouts have established an ambulance station on the London-S outhC'nd arterial road. ScouLs are on duty each weck-en d at East Horndon crossroads, the halfway point, ""h ere numerou s fatal accidcnts have occurred. Tents are fitter! with first-aid appliance") and streLrher and (1, 1l1Olor-cycli st is available.

Red Cross Bra n ch N ews .

C\MBS \ND ISLE OF ELY BRANCll.-The quarterly mceting of the Grand Council was held at the Guildhall Cam bndge, on Friday, July 26th. Mrs. Adeane dent of the County Branch) presided. It was stated that the bank balance was low and that further subscriptions we re urgently n eeded. For the quarter ending June 30th, the ambulance had conveyed 69 patients and covered 2)005 miles.

The Committee once again beg to express their cordial thanks to the members of Cambs. 13 for their services in connection with the ambulance work, and to the ladies, who had from time to time kindly driven the Morris Cowley ambulance} when required.

The Sub-Committee's reports were received and details of the work done by some were given, espeCIally w1th regard to massaging) which it was stated was growing considerably.

Be!ore reading the Vice-President's report) the Chairman saId she rcgretLed very much to have to say that Mrs. Town ley, the Vice-President for the Bottisham Division found that she had to resign. Ever since 1910 Mrs: Town ley had been a vice-president and they would not forget how much she did in helping to start the Branch. They could only offer Mrs. Townley their very best thanks for all she had don .e

This was carried. Miss Gaskell consented to be vicePreside nt for the Shelford Division.

The vice-President's report stated that the interest in Red Cross work was maintained. Classes in first aid and home nursing would be arranged in the autumn.

T.he County Controller reported the re-registration ot \V1sbech to the Cambs. branch) with Mrs. Gunson as commanda nt. This brought the total of detachments now at work in the county to six.

a statement that the Borough would be movin g 111tO th eIr new headquarters in the autumn) the meeting terminated.

ESSEX BRANCIr.-By the kindness of NIrs. Gerald Buxton, O.B.E., the grounds of Birch Hall) Th eydon Bois, wcre, on Saturday) July 20th) the scene of competitions under the auspices of the Essex Red Cross.

In first aid the results were :-

1, Leytonstone Juniors and Theydon Bois Guides with points cach out of 80; 2) Waltham Abbey Girl Guides 3, Epping Guides) 641; 4) North Weald Boy Scouts; 63 i 1, \Valtham Abbey Guides) 29 out of 35; 2. Eppmg Guides) 28; 3, Theydon Bois Scouts, 26; 4, I-Iill Juniors. Team race: 1) Waltham Abbey GlIldes; 2, Buckhurst Hill Juniors; 3) Epping Guides. The North vVeald Scouts g'ained the award for the best boys' team.

The prizes were presented by Mrs. E. ]. Wythes, O.B.E., who, Mrs. Buxton said) had been for some time the commandant of the Epping Detachment.

.Mrs. Douglas who) with Mrs Farrow, of Ongar, was the Judge of the Nursing competition) said on the whole the c?mpetition was very good although there could have been Improvements in minor matters. Mrs. de Rougemont) Wl.10 with Miss Allots and Miss Greens, judged the First A1d, sai d the Boy Scouts were far th e best in the splinting and hand aging. Mrs Buxton, who with Miss Audrey Colvin inspected the teams) said it was very difficult to find anything for which to take off marks.

PETERSFIELD.-On Thursday) July 25th) by kind per-

of Miss Russell) 1I.B.E.) J.P.) an intcresling and reahst1c d1splay demonstrating the peace-time activities and value of the Red Cross Society was given in the grounds of Heath House) Petersfield) by Voluntary Aid Det.ac hments) whose efficient work in dea ling with a vanety of casualities was inspected by a repres e ntative of the War Office) Major K. Comyn, D.A.D.M.S.) VI/essex (East)) from the Southern Command Headquarters, Portsmouth. The event was admirably organised by Miss Pearson) Hon. Secretary of the Petersfield Committee, and favoured with delightful weather) a very instructive scheme was carried out and afforded a great deal of interest to the good number of spectators who assembled.

The members) numbering nearly 40 in all, paraded for inspection by Major Comy ns and the County Director (Mr. A. Moray Willi ams, O.B.E.).

Boys from Churchers' Co llege acted as patients, and seemed to much enjoy the expe rience. First a serious motor accident on the Harting road n ear Heath Hous e was dealt with. The occupants of a car came tumbling out and were immediately attended to by members of the IIants I) who rendered first aid for various inj uries and conveyed the pati ents to the clearing station, and then 011 stretchers to the temporary hospital) where some were put to bed (nine beds in all were provided) and the nurscs of Hants 46 and 192 then took them in hand.

ex t a boating accident was supposed to have taken place in the small pond at the corner of the meadow, and two cases were rescu ed from drowning. Artificial r esp iration and first aid was giyen by members of the two Petersfield Detachments and the cases were taken to the wards.

Then a primus stoye was ups et near one of the tents, thc flames were extinguished by members of the men's detachment) and a burning casualty carried by one of the members to a ward for prompt treatment by the nurses.

A ridin g accident case treated on the spot by Droxford detachment ended the programme.

The cooks of the dctachments did the entire catering for tea for 100 people to show their capacity for dealing \\ith large numbers) and thc teas \vere sen'ed to the yi itors, " patients/' and others) on the lawn in front of Heath House.

vVELLs.-A mceting of the Wdl RIte. CIa 's was h eld in the garden at The ormans on \Vedn esday) Jtlly 17th, 1\11'. J. ]. Baker) Commandant of the To rfolk 25, presided and was supported by Miss Griffiths) Commandant Norfolk 74, Miss Rungary, Commandant Norfolk 68. and Dr. G. Calthrop.

Durin g the meetin g Miss Griffiths, on behalf of the \Vells Class, asked 1Iiss Rungary Lo accept a combined umbrella and seat to mark their appreciation of the \' aluablc assistance she has given at the practices before the examinations. Miss Rungary had, she said, gained the friendship of all.

Miss Rungary) in accepting the gift, thanked all who had contributed and Miss Griffiths for attending to make the presentation. She loved the \Vork and had had a pleasant time in connection with the class) and she sa \V no reason why the dctachment should not become one of the best in the county.

A tolal of £53 is. 10d. was collected ill Batte rsea as result of the Ked Cross Flag Day held recently.

and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules :-

r. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 46 , Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4.

2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the Jnumal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3. - The TeKtbook, to which reference may be made in these columns is the 38th 1I928) Edition of S.J.A. A. Manual of First Aid.

FIRST Am TO TIlE U NWJURED

G. R. (Blackfriars).-I know you like to receive reports of cases which are out of the ordinary. Pel-haps, how ever, when you read t hi s report which happens to be strictly true, you will mark it as extraordinary.

A Jew tried to walk across the Thames not far fr0111 Blackfriars. He was unsuccessful and so he returned to dry land in a terrib le mess 'with filthy mud up to both knees and with trousers, pants, shoes and socks full of mud. I wa called to his helD and with assistance manao'ed to clean off the major part of the mud with sheets of newspaper. I then remo\'ed him to the ambulance room where I removed his c loth in g which I washed out with soap and water. I had to cut off the last foot (12 inches) of his pants, but my patient took the se\ ered parts of the pants home. Having dried the clothing before a gas stove, I pressed the trousers in a copying- press and so was able to send hin'! off home sp ick and span with a splendid crease in his trousers, The job took 2] hours, but it was worth it!

Good! Next, please.-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

A I D. August,

1929 .

of co ur se, you a nd I, h a d w e prep a red the test, would have st u ck strictly to the Tex t book In actual practice, how ever, 1 question if s u c h treatment would b e e rron eo u s; so we wi ll n ot castigate the a uthor of the test.

By the way, yo u h ave a l so fallen into error, b eca u se the T extboo k has now given up the vague and misleading term cc In le rn al H ce m orr h age" in favoUl- of the more exact terlll cc H <el11orr h age frol11 Internal Orga n." So, are h onours c\'e n ?- N.C.F.

ADMI NISTRATION OF O XYGEN.

C. '-'V. (Tottenhal11).-1 sha ll be grateful if you will explain h ow we are to u se the oxygen apparatus of type car r ied in L. C. C. Amb ul ances .

I r egret I do no t know what type of apparatus is carried in L. C. C. ambulances; but oxyge n is u s u a ll y a dmini stered from a cyli nd er to whic h a g lass funnel is attac h ed by rubber t ubin g'. The cy lind er tap is turned so that gas escapes without hissing noise; and the g lass funnel s h e ld reasonably near nose a nd mouth of patient so that e nt eri n g a ir is sat urated with oxygen. -N C. F.

August, 1929. FIRST A I D.

Sore throats, bruises, colds, colic, diarrhrea, blood pOisoning, etc., ARE ALL CURED with kerosene Iinsee<l oil, mustard, ginger, castor oil, and garden beet- rheumatism and nervous disease with celery-the lemon cures 29 diseases-the beetroot is used for delayed menstruation - pepper cures the worst attack of grippe

VOLU M [s ;J P . ... DOWN!

'for Young WIVES Young HUSBANDS!' PARENTS WOMEN OVER 40 and EVERYBODY

ApPLICATION OF TIIO MAS SPLINT.

c. W. (Tottenham) -I do not quite understand the inst r uctions for app lying Th omas Splint as set o u t in Appendix III o f Textbook; and I v.ron d er if t h e Gooch Splin t ing shou ld be app li ed before lower limb is raised. 1 sh a Jl be grateful for your help.

If yo u read aga n the very clear instructions of the T e xthook you will realise that the tlrst step in treatment is to extend and fix the lower lim b in extended position b efo re rais in g limb and the fixation of leg and app li cati o n of sp lin ting a r e later steps in treatl11ent.-N C.F.

AN ARrICLE FOR CRITICISM.

EXAWNATION HOWLER.

B. C. (Victoria). - I laughed when I read the hovYler about " A s dope" published in Jul y ssue of FlRST Am and I remembered another poison h owler which I once met with in an examination. I asked a candidate what ,vas the most important step in treatment of Poisoning and was amused wIlen he replied :- ( To use or to 7.f.11·tlzold Cosmetics." I still remember the blank look of the candidate when I asked him it he was training as a Beauty Specialist.

Good! ext, please! !-N.C.F.

L. W. (Watford).- I enclose a page taken from a recent iss ue of an evening newspaper. My Division would be g lad if you could comment on the art icl e cont ribut ed by "a member of the Board of Examiners of t h e St. J ohn Am bulance Association."

Frankly I do not know on what po int s in the article your Division desire my comments.

If you disagree the suggest ion that more is learned from emphas ising cc The Don'ts" of a s ubj ect than from stra ight teaching, then this is a matter of op ini on; and person a lly I have always found that ( ( Th e D on ts" are useful to drive home ( ( Th e Do's."

HlEMORRllAGE FROM INTERNAL ORGAN.

H. F. (\Vest Ham)--With reference to Individual T est No. 1 published in Jul y issue of FIRST AID, I assume that the porter is suffering from Internal H cemorrhage This being so, I fail to find in my Textbook any instructions to give hot tea or coffee to such a patient. Surely it were better to give sips of cold \;\,'aler on ly an d to avoid such stimu lants as hot tea or coffee?

Your reading of Textbook in structions are correct; and,

If you seek to crit c ise the matter of the art icl e, th e n the on ly instruction which I do not lik e is t h e adv ice to prick blisters with a steri li sed needle. You will be wise if you fo ll ow the T extbook a nd l eave the bli ste r s a lon e.

If yo u seck comment on the phrase "Board of Examiners of the Association," then th is is on ly a n ot h e r ex pression for the term cc List of Examiners" as u se d at St. J o hn' s Gate.

The HOUSEHOLD PHYSIOIAN

wr.tten by eminent Specialists, Physicians and SUI geons, describes in simple language wit h helpful Coloured Plates and diagrams THE DISEASES OF MEN WOMEN AND CHILDREN, THEIR CAUSE, TREATMENT AND CURE, with complete instructions on preventative medicine, the science of hygiene, physical culture, dc. Th e 500 Illu strations and full-page Plates and the Anatomical Models showing 1he Organs of the Human Body exactly as they overlay each othe I make5 the reading matter more easily understood.

A FEW OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED:

First Aid What to 00 in Emergencies The Teeth The Principles of Nursing Intluenza, ColdS, etc. Treatments for all Skin Diseases The MUSCles Invalid Cookery Measles, Mumps How to R.ead Symptoms Infant Wel1are Surgical Di seases Treating Diseases by Water Sleep, Beds and Bedding, The Expectant Mother Brain and Nervous Diseases

"Herb" Root and Salt Remedies The Eye, the Ear Happ y Motherhood Diseases of Old Age

Corns and Warts The Throat Homrepalhy Diseases of Infancy

Dieting for Disease The Nose The Chest How to Treat Accidents The Principles of Phrenology Treatments for Beauty The Heart Neurasthenia ShiDgled aDd Bobbed Hair, Physical Culture The Stomach The Lungs Pleurisy Diseases 01 Halr and Head Exercises for all Purposes The Liver Hygiene, Anatomy Pharmacy Adenoids, etc., etc.

TH E YO UN G WI FE and the expe ri enced married woman will find all they want to know ma.de clear. This work gives, in simple language, that know led ge our young people need to-day T hiS IS the mfOrl11atlOn many a good father desires to g ve his so n; but he does not know how to set about It.

MOTHERS who wish their daughters to dev el op naturally will find exactly the teaching they need.

WOMEN OVER 40 will find their difficulties regarding health frankly discus sed _ The re are hundre ds of subjects of value to all. The muscles, teelh, digestion, hair, food values, JU-Jltsu, phrenology. How to diagnose diseases from ap pearance of head, face, tongue, throat, chest, perspiration, etc.

THREE TESTIMONIALS FROM HUNDREDS RECEIVED.

"I have gained in each of the 8 test exam = in ations the knowledge of which I attribute to y our volumes, have yet to m'-tt my defeat in A MTlULANCR EXAM INATIONS "

cc Ve ry pleased and ddighted with same. They are writte n and explained so plainly thac I am everyo ne who studies them must understand, and, agall1, the IIlus = tr atious are so true that anyone who had no k nowl,dge at all about the particular th.e diagram illustrates, would surely recogDlse It when seen on anyone."

" I am delighted with' The Household Physicia n, ' and as I am an ambu lance man I ca n app reciate them to their fullest eKtent. They are twice their (ost."

____ :-. _____ ___________ _______ _

POST FREE COUPON NOW!

To Messrs. VIRTUE «co., Ltd., H. Dept., 19,20,21, Thavies lon, Holborn Circu£, London, E.C.I.

Please sen d me Free Booklet on "THE HOUSEHOLD PHYSIC'AN," with particulars as to your ofter to deliver the complete WOlk at once for the first payment of 4/-, balance to be paid by a fe w monthly payments after delivery.

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CLO"E HITCH

C. VV. (Tottcnham) - Pl ease te ll us h.ow yo u.\\ ·ould a Clove Hitch for fixation ot lowe r 11mb dunn g app h catlO n of Thomas Splint.

T o tie a CIO\'e Hitch, hold a length of bandage near its centre in the right hL'nd, paInt downwards Grasp the neare st part of the bandage with the left hand, back of ,, hich must face the right with liu lp finger upw a rd s. No '\\' turn bft hand outwards an d right h and inwards, when two loops wi ll be formcd. Place the ri g h t hand loop in the fingers of left hand, grasp the loose en d s wi t h right hand , and the Clo\'e Hitch is made.

The description sounds very complicated, but the job i s easy in practice. Thc advantage of the Hitch is tbat when the ends are pulled the loops do not tlghten.- C. F.

SlIOULD I EDALLIONS BE CLEANED?

"CLEA.N OR DIRTY" (Bolton).-At a recent soc ial in connection with our Division, an of-ficer told me that I had no right to clean my mcdallion. ,-\s I have a lw ays cndea\"oured to keep same clean and bright, please inform me if it is correct to clean medallions or to lel them go dir ty.

According to information recei\"cd, medallions at one time were of dull bronze and these were not polished Now, however, they are issued quite bright and should be kept so. -THE EDITOR.

Reviews.

FIRST AID A 0 AMBUL\.NCE FOR FACTORIES AND ·WORKSHOPS

London: H.l\I. Stationery Office. Price 4d. net.

The conten ts of the above book are, to those in teres led in factory and workshop \\-elfare, well worth reading and 'ludying. Nineteen pages arc dc\'oLed Lo various s ubjects, including First Aid Boxes, the Ambulance Room, R emoval of Injured Persons from Works, Organization of First Aid in the Factory, Accident Records and ledical Supervision. The appendices to this pamphlet will bc found particuiarly useful, as thcy consist of (a) Text of Scction 29 (1) of the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923; (b) Standards prescribed by the Secretary of tatc for First A.id Boxes required under that Section; (c) First \id Leaflet (Form 923) issued by the Factory Department of the Home Office; (d) R egulations and Welfare Orders requiring special First Aid or Ambulance Equipment, also ,-lccident Record Forms and Plans of .\l11bulance Rooms Plates showing various dressings and ambulance rooms (interior and exterior) are a lso included

vVith part of th e money collected in the streets of Liverpool on "Panto Day," 1929, the Guild of UnJergrad u ates of thc University of Li\'crpool has presented to the 1erseyside Hospitals Council one of the most up-to-date and lu xurious ambulances in lhe country on a 35-150 h.p. Daimler chassis. The presentation 'was made by Mr. W. A Holmes, president of the Guild of Undergraduates, and Lord Cozens H ardy, chairman of the Merseyside H osp ita ls Co un c il, rece ive d the ambu lance on bel1'3.lf of the Council.

By

The Best and Safest SKIN GERMICIDE

Agent that An Aseptic charms the Practitioner

Free test supply on application.

The advantages attending the use of GERMOLENE, the Aseptic Dressing, in hospital and domestic practice are now almost too well known to need recapitulation

Since the Introduct ion of this remarkable agent it has been pu t to the test by med ical men and nurses in every part of the country 1t has p roved itself thorou g hly effic ient as a skin bactericide and sterilizer and powerful healer.

An added charm associated with its use is its soothing effect in the case of inflammatory pain, or in irritable conditions of the skin. For the treatment of children's skin complaints it is unequalled, because It does away with the tendency on the part of the young pat ient to scratch, and so spread or aggrevate the trouble.

Mechanically, GERMOLENE is perfect, and its appearance and texture have gained it high encomiums from doctors and chemists. Milled to microscopic fineness, the ingredients are held in a high -g rade creamy base which spreads with ease, does away with messiness, and which, when massaged, sinks straight into the skin pores. Bandages may be prepared with the absolute minimum of delay and trouble, and slight heat reduces the dressing to the consistency of cream.

The manufacturers will be del ighted to send a generous gratis trial sample to members of the medical profession and to nurses and hospital officials who enclose their professional cards.

SOOTHES AT A TOUCH

A I D. August, 1929 .

MANU ALS OF FIRST-AID, &0.,

N. CORBEl fLEICHER, •• B., B.C., B.l.(Caatlb), •• R.C S

AIDa TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free, lid.

flrst.Ald Simplified and Tabulated, with Aldll to .emory, CfJl. Si" la",.s Ca,.tli. CO,.triDwt.S a,. i,.t"odwctio,. a,.d w, ,,.do,,SI his rOO(J opi,.io,. oj tM Doo.6."-LANCBT.

AIDa TO HOME-NURSING.

Third Edition. Price 18. 2d •• post free.

Home.Nurslng Simplified aud Tabulated, wltb Aids to .emory, This O{){).6 wo,.d,,,jWll,, si",pli/i1S a co",pl,x SWD;"t a,.d s!s{)wld D. ".ad 6" II, Itwd."ts. "-L. & N W. Rv. GAZBTTE.

EFFIOIENOY IN FIRST-AID.

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Problems In Stady, treatment and HxamlnatioR lolnd lor Senior Stnde nts " Wi/howt d{)WDt tM DOON will D. 0) gr.at u,-viCl I,. th' t"ai,.i"r 0/ thou 10,. who", it is d,sig,.,d."-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

OOMMON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID. net: post 2d. Brrors In Plrst·Ald Detailed and Blplalned.

7lt.is Doo.6 gio., a cl,a"." i,.sirlr.t i"to tM metltods a,.d di/licwltilS ()} '''''''rUey t".at""nt Dy laJlm,,. tlta,. tit. otJicial Tlxtbook itstll."-LANCET.

AMBULANCE COMPETITION TESTS

(Stretcher, lndivid ual and .Quest}on-Six Price 6d. each nE; t, post, Each Folder contains speCial arucle on CompetItIOns: - No. I, Training 01 Com petition Teams; NO.2, Conduc of Team in Room; No. 3, Errors in Competition; NO.4 Further Errors ID Treatment; NO.5, History of Competition Tests No.6, Preparation of Tests. WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRaT-AID. Fifth Edition. Price lid., post (ree.

Dlfllcultles In IUudy and TreatmeDt lolnd by Qaestlon and Answer

W. c{)",,,,,,.d this DO{).6 t{) L.otf4"'"S a,.d StwtU,.ts who will ft,.d it 0/ grlat SlnI{"."-FIRST AID.

HINTa FOR HOSPITAL ORDERLIES. Post fro,e, 8d. Orderly Duties Simplified au d Tabulated, witb AIds to Memory, .& ", 01t c{)"'pact Dr{)chw". co,.tai,.s ",'IC" wujwl i"/o",,,atio,. ." - PRESCR IB BR

FIR S T A 10. lllustrated by 50 diagrams In Colours with Explanatorv Letterpress. By Sir JAMES CANTLIE, K.B.E., LL.D., M.A., M.B. C.M., F.R C.S., D. P.H .R .C.P. 7! d. net; post free.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRA MS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES.

Mounted on Canvas, Roller top and bottom. 215 net each. Post, IS.

I. Human Skeleton front view. 2. Muscles, front view 3 Human Skeleton back view 4. Muscles, back view. s. The Heart and prinCipal Blood Vessels. 6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of .the Ch est and Abdomen (B) 8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (D). 10. The Nervous System. II. Schematic diagram of Cir culati on 12. The Human Ear. 13 The Human Eye. 14. Median Section through Skin. IS. Median Section through Head.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS.

Male or Female. 63 s. net each. Carriage, 25.

By J. M. CARVELL. M.R.C.S.ED., FIRST AID IN FEW WORDS. (I6otb thonsand) With Coloured Diagrams. r2pp. Cl otb, 6d. Streng paper lid. P ost rd. HOME NURSINB IN FEW WORDS. ( 36th thoosand) With useful reference tables. 14 pp. Strong paper, 2d. Post Id BANDAIIINO DIAGRAMS. r2 PP.-7 2 bandaging diagrams, with notes. Strong paper, 2d_ Post Id. HEALTH IN FEW WORDS. By Sir R. H. PIRTH. D.P .H. P. R. C. S. 20th Thousand. Pap er fold er 3 in and 4 in. P ost fr ee 3d net.

IIy HOWARD M. PRESTON. D.",o,.st"ato" t{) th' P{)l"t,eh,.ie. THE TRIAf4CULAR BANDABE: Pri ce Is. net; postage, 2d Its Application Accurately Des crib ed by Words an d IIO Diagrams THE ROLLER BANDABE. Price IS. net; postage, 2d. lis Application Accurately D esc ribe d by Words and 102 Diagrams

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIABRAMS. I3(I to 12Rnd 14)onRo\le r Post free, 38. 9d. net. No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Genital Organs, IS THE COMPLETE MANIKIN. Price 28

Prices 1/8 ana 8/- per Tin.

0/ all Chemists throughout the British E-mtJire.

Sole Distributors: The Veno Drug Co. (1925), Ltd.,

MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS, MANCHESTER, ENO.

name and ad d re ss of the C o rrespondent.

Subscriptions, A dvertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID ,hould be fo r wa rc ed to the Pu bl ishe rs, DALE, REVNOLDS & CO., L TD., 41), CANNON STREET, LONDO:>, E.C.4. ielef?raphic .-1ddl'ess- " Twent1'j"oltr, London ." Telephone- Central I42 f.

EDITORIAL.

TO"'\' that the holiday season is \V I i TER nearly over and' 'summer- time" PROG RAl\IME. nearing its end, the programme for the coming winter session the uppermost thought of the active secretary One thing especially should be borne in mind, and that is to maintain the interest of the members in am bulance work.

With new members this is comparative ly easy . The teachi ngs of the Textbook, bandaging practise and lectures on first - aid work, being fresh, will hol d the new student.

The o lder members present a different problem. A member who has been in a corps or divisio n for severa l years, studied his Textbook from end to end, attended lectures and drills regularly, and covered the same g round of studies year after yea r, may get a little bored with the usual proceed ings. I n order to retain their interest in the work some n ew field pf attraction rnpst be fpund, and this is OIle of the many of the map ip cha rge,

Weekly pra ti es should be arranged Iolncl made as as PrA-9tic;al demon-

talks on first-aid work and lectures by diVISional surgeon or others of the med ical profession should, if possible, be complete with the aid of model s and illustrations, which do not cost a great deal.

Another interesting event is to visiL hospitals, medical colle ges and the like. of these institutions are only too pleased to g ive permi ss ion to inspect their premises, and advantage should be taken of every possible occasion.

One aspect that should not b e lost sight of is the social side. Some people may suggest that social entertainment should pre\'ail maintalnln cyb that it would keep the members in closer tOllch with each other. ,V e do not agree with this, as the primar y cause which led to the formation of a division was "first aid," but monthly socials, whist drives, dances, etc., should help to keep member s interested, and at the same time any profi made from these functions would help to replenish equipment which had been used during the summer months whilst on road patrol work. The most impor tant event on the social side should be the an n ual din n er. l\[em of "years-ago" would then be given an opportunity of speaking about the "good old days," and this wou Id giYe the newcomer a good idea of the work and keep mem bers together.

AND FIRST - AID

o TFJTS.

"SlIOL"LD motorist be compelled to carry first - aid outfits ?" asked the LeIcester 111mi recently, and wh il st we ourselves, without hesitation, an5\Ver I' Yes," others are not 111 agreement,

This is difficult to understand, as it is 111 the motoris ts ' own inter st that these outfits arc sugge ted The reason given from one sonrr.<l i that ambulance facilities are now within reach o( itlmost very part of conntry in a few minutes.

we do not agree with. In the neighbourhood of cities and towns - yes, but in the country we hardly think this applies. One can go for miles across the Devonshire Moors without passing a house, and should an accident occur a long delay must be experienced before relief of even a tern porary nature could be obtained.

The men of the A.A., R.A.C., and other such clubs all carry first-aid outfits, and that in itself should convince the motoring public that the suggestion is a good one; but unfortunately these road patrol men can not possibly always be available.

Some might say that the cost would be against it, but that would be absurd, as all ambulance workers know that one can purchase a handy -size outfit for a shilling or two. Only a few things are required, such as bandages, lint, cottonwool, iodine, scissors, etc., and such would take up very little room.

It would be an excellent thing if the various automobile associations would advise their members of the desi rability of carrying such an outfit, and this we sure would be taken note of and no undue delay would be experienced should accidents occur on lonely country roads.

In t hese da y s when man y I' Firs t-aiders " dOli btless use and own a car, ma y we suggest that the y m a ke a point of invariabl y carr y ing the necessar y outfit and resolve to get at least one friend who is al so a motorist to do the same. This would m a ke a g ood start in the desired direction and the movement is sure to grow.

Shorter da y s and less congenial weather will presentl y make the road less inviting; therefore, if y our friend does not wish to join the first-aid movement, there will be a splendid opportunity for you to impart to him some of the knowledge you have acquired as to what to do and what not to do in particular circumstance s

Th e \u st ill JI oto r Co mp a n y announ ce that t h e r e will be no r e du ct io n in th e pri ces of Au s tin ca r s fo r th e 19 29 01) mpi a Sh o w. Improv e m c nt s h m' e b ee n e ffec t e d in v a riou s m od e ls

" Please fo n\ 'a rd b y re turn 1 T OSS la r u'e a nd 2 OTO SS s m a il S.] . . \.B poste rs.. .... ... .... D\ \' Sup t.';" Thi s on c of th c m a ny o rd er s w e r ece iv e fo r o ur pos t e r s a nd sec r eta ri es and oth e r s o r ga nizin g d a n ces , whi s drive s , nag d ays, etc., s h ould wa r in mind th e po s t c r s adverti se d in thi s ] o urn a l. Th ey a re in c xp e n s iv e a nd v c ry aLlr ac tiv c , and a loca l prin te r can fill in th e bl a nk s pa cc Spe c ial di s count" fo r la rge quantiti es

"First Aid " Marking Sheet Libra ry.

WE are receiving a number of enquiries as to whether we shall again be running the sets o f Marking Sheets on similar lines to last year. O n that occasion the scheme was so popular, and we received so many letters expressing appreciati on for the great help that it had been, that we shou ld like to repeat the issue during the coming sev en months. We are, however, faced with the fa ct that, owing to the issue of the new Text book, o ur sheets will be required to be revised in accordan ce therewith.

We are prepared to leave the decision to o ur readers, so will all who favour the propositi on send their names at once for registration, and if the response warrants it we will proceed with t he matter so that the first set of Tests may be rea dy for dispatch next month.

The sets will comprise each month 2 Te am Tests, 4 Individual Practical and 5 Viva Voce, and em braces a series covering the period f rom October, 1929, to April, 1930, and will be sent to any reader each month for an inclusive sum of 6s. 6d., or 1s. per set, post free.

These taken in rotation throughou t the wi n ter session will give the competition aspirant a nd divisions acorn prehensive range of tests of the Textbook, and give him or her an insight of what is required In an up-to-date First Aid Competition.

\Ve would emphasise the fact that i t is necessary to r egister y our name at Ollce Po stal order for 6s. 6d. for the full series may foll ow, or is. can be sent each month. Last year ma ny of our friends missed the first sets, as they neglec ted to register in time. Once we hav e printed it is impossible to increase the supply.

P i oneers of Me d icine.

JOHN HUNTER (1728 - 1793).

IT has been said of John Hunter that, with his advent, surgery ceased to be a mere technical mo de of treatment, and began to take its place as a branch of scientific medicine, firmly grounded III physiology and pathology. Before his ti me surgery was largely in the hands of barbers an d , in Germany, the executioner made surgery an avocation. There were also wandering operat ors in those days - men whose rank was not mu ch higher than that of a rag-and-bone man of to - d ay . Hunter was born in 1728 in Scotland, t he tenth child. He was spoiled by hi s mother, w ayward and idle, preferring cou ntry am usemen ts to his school. Tiring of amusements and

September, 1929. FIRST

i ng that his elder brother William was making a s uccessful career in London as a doctor, J ohn set forth in his twenty-first year on horse-back on that road which Dr. Johnson cynically described as thc fi nest view to a Scotchman. Arriving in London, J ohn helped his brother to teach anatomy and d issection in William's private school. William, h is senior by 10 years, was a fastidious, sensitive, co urtly man who was not only a distinguished a natom ist, but also the leading obstetrician of his day, and it was he who attended Queen Charlotte in 1762 at the birth of her son, afterwards G eorge IV. John was not of the courtly type; he \Va s outwardly rough, and though he was kindl y an d generous, he was apt to quarrel with his ass ociates, notably his fellow surgeons.

The many years he spent in the dissecting ro oms not only helped to make him an excellent su rgeon, but also developed in him that patient sp irit of research which made him a great zoologist. As an anatomist, he did important work in tracing the branches of the oJ(actory nerve in the nose and the arterial blood suppl y of the womb. As a su rg eon, he contributed important observations on the repair of tendons, shock, inflammation, gunsho t wounds and disease of the arteries. He introdu ced artificial feeding by means of a tube passed clo wn into the stomach. As a zoologist, he carried ou t many experiments and made countless observatio ns on an almost infinite variety of animals.

I n the Spring of 1759 he was threatened with lu ng trouble, so he sought change of climate, and in 1760 he went a s staff-surgeon to an expeditionary fo rce sent from England to take Bellelsle, an island nea r the mouth of the Loire. This expedition not on ly gave him excellent experience in surgery, but als o stimulated his love of collecting, dissecting, ex perimenting on an island which was a vast aq uarium.

Of all Hunter's experiments, the one he condu cted on himself has the most tragic interest. In 17 67 he inoculated himself with pus from a patient su ffering from venereal disease. There was still m uch confusion as to the nature of the various ve nereal diseases, and Hunter wished to clear this po int up. General ignorance at this period of the fa r-reaching effects of syphilis on the heart and brain was shared by Hunter himself, who believed he had cured himself of syphilis by taking what we no w know was a very inadeq uate course of mercu rial tre atment. Two years after his experimental inoc ulation he began to suffer from syphil is of the brain, and this condition continued until his death 20 years later. He never realised that his brain sy mptoms and the heart disease which finally killed h im were caused by the germs he introduced into hi s body on that fateful Friday in May 1767. His he art disease caused him great trouble, and a ttacks of pain in the heart were often provoked by a nger. "My life is in the hands of any rascal

A I D. 5S

who chooses to an no y and tease me." II is prophecy proved correct; an attack, brought on by a quarrel with his colleagues in hospital, proved fatal in a few minutes.

After his debts had been paid a b a lance of some £1,500 remained - this was all the money left by a man who had been Surgeon Extraordinar y to the King, who was the leadin g sur g eon of hi s day and the recipient of many honour s He had spent over £20,000 on his surgical and zoological collection du ring a period of 40 ye ar s In J 799 this collection was bought for £15,000, and in the following y ear w a s entrusted to t he Colle g e of Surgeons.

No memori a l was erected to his memor y till 1859, when, after a prolonged search for his coffin , his body was brought to its last re s tin g place in VVestminster Abbe y .

John Hunter was a pioneer in th e philo s oph y of surgery, and like all pioneers he li v ed and worked alone. He was far from fr ie ndless: Simple-minded, abrupt and plain in s peech, he inspired love in his pupils to whom he Ivas kno w n as "The Dear Ylan." Jenner , b y the Ivay , famou s for ever on account of his disco V'er y of v a ccination, was one of Hunter's most fa ithful pupil s . Their attachment to him helped them to o v erlook his lack of polish, his inability to expre ss himself clearly either in speech or writin g . H e had the personal magnetism inherent in e v er y great teacher, whether of religion, philosoph y or science -a magnetism which attracted a y oun g er rather than a contemporary generation.

Some idea of the magnitude of hi s w o rk ca n be gleaned from the fact that he collected over 13,000 specimens in his museum and that he dissected over 500 different species of animals.

Hunter is a great landmark standing out more and more clearl y with the passag e of time. His influence on sur g er y remains enorm o us , and the veneration in which he is held b y ev en the y oungest generation of surgeons testifies to a stature which even the s cepticism of y outh ca nnot dwarf. His biographers may not be able to point to one great and isolated discover y , .or the tion of some new system. He dId s o meth1l1g which was, perhaps, even greater. He order out of chaos , science out of superstltlOn, patient and laborious search out of And he did this in an a o-e when auxdiary SCIences such as chemistry , phtsics, etc., were pra ctically non-existent. What would he not have been able to accomplish had he lived in our times, and able to build further on the work of Pasteur, LIster and others!

At th e c e lebration s of t h e ce n te n a ry of R o m a n eman c ipati o n held o n S e pt. 8 th at L i\'e rpool , a l',lr ge s taff o f R ed Cros V . A. D' s nnd S co ut s w e re k e pt continu a lly bu sy throughout the day.

Brigade Reports.

No. ( Prince of Wales ') Di5>tri(t.

BE"'FLEET.- The prompt action of the mcmbers of the Benfieet St. J oh11 Am bulance Brigade, who were m at tendance at the station they have startcd at on Canyey beach, was the means of savl11g a man s h.fe. l\Ir. A. \1\1. Clark, of 199, .Maple Road, Penge, went m for a bathe and on leaving the water collapscd. To all appearance he was deao, but the ambulance called and for about half an hour worked to revnre hIm They applied artificial respiration and after some time pulled him round. Dr. EllIs, of Canvey, was called and, on arr i\'at said that he could do nothing more than the Ambulance had already done. He sent 11r. Clark home to the place where he \\ as staying on the Island by car and said that he would be well enoug·h to go back to Penge the next afternoon.

\VALTIIAMSTOW.-vV e regret to record the death of l\Ir. W. J. Cardo, on August 25th, at his home, 112, High Street, \Valthamstow. 11r. Cardo \,vas one of the founders of the original o. 29, \Valthamstow Division over 30 years ago. Founded in December, 1898, and registered in J anuary of the following year with only 13 members. He later becamc Corps Officer, and for his special services was made a SefYing Brother of the Order., also together with his wife recel\'edthe vellum life-sa ving certificate of the Hospital Saturday Fund. At the outureak of the Great War l\Ir. Cardo immediately volunteered his services to the vValthamstow Fire Brigade and did great service.

Remarkable scenes werc witnessed at the funeral, which took place on Friday, August 30th.

Thc first part of the ceremony took place in the Lecture Hall at the Ambulance Station, 'where an impressi\'e sen-ice was conducted hy the Re\'. A. E. Thompson, curate of St. 1\lary's Parish Church. The lesson was read by Lt.-Col. F. A. Brooks, M.D., Commissioner No 1 District, S.J.A.B.

The coffin was draped with the Ambulance Flag. After the service the cortege proceeded to the cemetery. Sixty men of the S.J.A.B., under Corps Supt. S. C Knight, Div. Supts. J. Kemp and A. G. 1\lattocks and Corps Officer G. S. Pasco; nurses under Lady Div. Supt. Mrs. Webb, took part in the procession. The bearers were : Sergt. Turner, Corpls. W. Shrimplin, C Borkett, E. Harley, H. Allen and Pte. C Guiver; pall bearers being Supts A R. 1\Iatley, A. G. l\T attocks; Corps Officers F. T. Taylor, G. S. Pasco, and Ambulance Officers Vv'. Vi. Perritor and W. I-Iaines.

Among the floral tributes were those from the Ambulance Brigade (8-pointed cross) and the Ambulance Badge in mauve and white from the local Corps, and many others from the rank and file.

N o . 2 D istrict.

BANBURY.-A ceremony unique in the history of Banbury was that on September 5th of dedicating a new motorambulance and the inauguration of the Banbury Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

The new motor-ambulance, which is of the Morris commercial type, was secured by public subscription, and due acknowledgment was paid on Thursday to the energetic work which, as Divisional Surgeon, Dr. Gardiner-Hill has put in to raise the necessary funds, and his unceasing efforts in the formation of the Brigade. He has received the encouragement of the County Commissioner, Dr. W. E.

Audland, and the support of the other officers of the loc al Brigade. , The Brigade paraded first at lhe Banbury Town Hall , from whence it marched to the Horse FaIr, where the main ce r emony look place. The British Legion Ban d p layed en route, and, with St. Mary's Church chO Ir, also led the singing in the lIorse FaIr, under the COI1ductorship of LieuL Barrett.

The ational Anthem opened the proceedll1gs, following which Dr. W. E. Audland, by the DivisiOl: al Surgeon and the Divisional made an 111spection of the Brigade, the rear ?f whIch ,"vas broug ht up by the new motor-ambulance, dnven by 1\1r. H. Supt. Hedges and members of the Banbury DIVISIon Police were also in attendance.

The dedication ceremony was performed by the Re\ , J, A. Hultgren (St. Paul's), who was accompanied th e Rev. VV. Cundall as cross bearer. The Rev. R. E. GneYes (Wesleyall) offered prayer. Other clergy and minister " present at the ceremony were the Rev. G. I?ymond of St. Leonard's) and the Rev. W W. W1l1field (BaptIS t minister). The ceremony was as impressive as it "\\' et5 unusual.

The l\Iayor (Alderman J. Collingridge), who was accompanied by "Various members of the Corporation, formally handed over the ambulance to the S.J,A.B. He stated that the thanks were due to the committee who had raised the money, to the people of the town who had subscribed and to those responsible who had formed a Division of the S.J.A.B. in the town.

Col. Norris suitably replied and receiYCcl the amhulance on the behalf of the Banbury Division.

The ceremony of dedication then proceeded.

Tn his dedication prayer, the Rev. Hultgren asked God graciously to receive the motor-ambulance which "we offer and dedicate to Thy honour and glory for the benefit of Thy suffering servants."

A short prayer 11Y the "Rev. R. E, GricvC's, and the dedication was at an end.

Before the gathering dispersed Col. orri. moyecl a comprehensiye vote of thanks to the I'arious public l)oC\i cs in attendance.

No . 3 District.

WELDoN.-A successful fete in connection with the St. John Ambulance Brigade was held in th e charming grounds of the Old Rectory, Vveldon, by permission 0 Col. and Mrs . Jell. The obj ect was to clear off a few debts incurred by the recently-formed local division of the Kettering Corps. Unfortunately, the proceedin gs were marred by rain, although on the whole an enjoyable time was spent

At the opening ceremony Ambulance Officer Sh arp said it was hoped to form a nursing division in Weld on this year.

Commissioner W. Harvey Reeves, O.B.E., J.P., in dec1aring the proceed ings open, pointed out the neces sity for in the r ura l districts owing to the great mcrease 111 traffic and road dangers. In the event of accidents in the country it very often happened that doctors were not quickly available whereas the laym an was, and his first-aid was invariably of great service.

Mrs. Harvey Reeves, A R.R.C (Lady District Sl1p erreferred to th.e manner in which the St. John Nursmg S lsters stepped mto the breach in 1914 to form t h e V.A.D ., and she commended Weldon's ambition to link

Septe m b er, 19 29 F IR ST

up a nursing service with the ambulance diyision Sevcral side sho\Vs and stalls were in charge of members and friends.

Re freshmen ts were served by a committee of ladies. A demonstration o[ ambulance work was carried out by a tcam .from the Kettering Headquart e rs Division, in charge of Scrgt.-Major 1\1 iller. 1n the eycning a dance was held ill th e School, music bein g provid ed by the \\' eldon Jazz Band. 1\1r. T. H. Aust carried O'..lt the sec retarial arrangements

No . 4 Oistrict.

MACCLESFIELD. - The following appeared in the JIucclc sfieid Till/cs: " Macclesfield has many opportunities of seeing the excellent work performed by the local Div ision of the S.J-AB. The uniform is in evidence at almost every bi g g'athering of people and perhaps the majo rity of the public are too apt to take the services of the amhulance men and nurses for granted, viewing them as a matter of course without pausing to reflect with grat itude the self-sacrifice that is ilwolved. It is only whe n an accident occurs) when there is a cry for trained attentio n, that many people r ea lise the value of an organisatio n like the Amhulance Brigade. We did not forget to mention in our r epo rt of the recent Macclesfield Carnival the pres ence 01 the first-aid contingent and now ,ye learll that on tbat occasion the members of the local St. John Am hulance Brigade on duty comprised seyenteen men and SlX nurses uncl e r the charge of Supt. J. H. Bingham and 5ergt. E. Clark. They attended to a number of minor cas ua lt ies and the ursing Diyision, und e r 1\1rs. E. Bi llington, also r ende r ed assistance. We commend them f()r the diligence and deyotion with which they carry out the ir self-imposed task, a task which is of great importance and yaluc. It certainly means the alleviation of pain and occasionally the saying, or prolongation, of life.

On Tuesclay enning, August 20th, 1\1r. \Vill iam 5hu mebotham was crossing Prestbery Road, when he " 'as knocked down by a motor cycle. The driyer was ::\1r. Tack Smith, 1, Chorley Hall Lane, Alderley Edge, with \Vood , Jesmond, Grayel Lane, pillion riding. The old ge ntleman sustained concussion) head injuries and bru ised leg; Mr. Smith head inj ury and NIiss Wood hruiscd face and leg. First aid was rendered by Sergt. E. Clarke, of the Macclesfield Division S.J.A.B., who then conveye d the victims of the accident to the Infirm a ry in a car. 1\1r. Shunlcbotham was detained and the others were allowed to proceed home. -At 10,30 the same night 1\1rs. Snape, 68, Nicholson Aycnue, fell.and injured her ank le and foot. First aid was rendered by Sergt. E. Cla rke, who afterwards conveyed her in the ambulance van to the Infirmary and then to her home.

NELSON.-The annual ambulance competition of the Ne lson Corps were held un August 17th! under visio n of Col. C J. Trimble, CB., CM.G.) CommISSIOner

No, -+ District, ancl Dr. F. de B. Pim, Assistant Commissioner. The men's section of the competition was held in St. Philip's Schools, elson. Seven teams entered -Preston Thornton-in-Cleveleys, Brierfield, Kendal, Colne " A)) and'" B " and Fonbridg-e. The j udg-es were CorpsSurgeon F. H. Flack (stretcher), I?r. (individual) and Dr. vVhittle (Oral). After an Jl1tereshng contest .the result declared was :-lst, Colne "A," 295; 2nd, Bnerfield 290' 3rc1 Kendal 264. In the absencc of Col. C J. (who' was ob{iged to leave hefore. th.e result was known) the prizes were presented to the WJ11l1lng teams by 1\Irs. L. Fryer.

No. 5 District.

CI-IESTERFIELD.-The annual group inspection of the Hasland, Sheepbriclg-e, Chesterfield, and Dronneld divisions

of thc St. John Ambulance took place in Quecn's Park, Chesterfield, on'cptcmber 1st, VI hen oYcr 100 paraded and were inspected by Assistant-Commissioner H. C Chambers. Div.-Supt. C. Edwards, and DistrictOfficer J. T. Goodwin \\ ere abo present, tllC lattcr being in charge of the parade, during which the Sheephridge Band played selections.

After a march past and an inspection of the divisions in drill, Assistant Commissioncr Chamber said the \york had reach ed a hig·h standard. It would he difficult to find another body of men, volunteer and semi-trained, who could g'ive such an efficient exhibition as be had just witnesscd. IIe found that a high standard was beingmaintained oyer the whole district; not on ly from the drill point of \ ' ie\\'; hut also from the aid point of view, which was more important. Last year they had m'er 1,000 men and wom('n in uniform. T ow four new diyisions were in course of formatioll, one in the Hope Valley and three others in the north-eastern area. He referred to the opening of a first aid station at Baslow last \Vhitsunt idc and complimented AmbulancC'-Officer Browsie and Ptes. S. \V, Hemming- and E. Siddall, of the Dronfield Diyision,

The late Corps Offi cer \Y. J. Cardo, 1\0. 29 ( \\' a lth amsto\\') Diyision (Hon. Sen ing Brother).

on behalf. of for thcir. splendid sen'ices th e occasIOn of a senous motor aCCIdent on Baslow Hd, in July.Referrino' to No. 5 Dlstnct, he also congratulated Bolso\'er Diyision on winning Commissioner Else's trophy. The Assi tant-Commis ioner also read a letter. from the 1\lat10cks District Council thanking thc Sheepbndge Corps for yaluable ervices "\'oluntarily rendered at 1Iatlock during the recent holiday week.

CLOw::-m - The first annual competition fo! the "Wrig-ht" Cup took plact> on Saturday, August at the 1Iin e rs' \V elfare Hall, Clo\\'ne. The cup was gIven in memory of 1\1r. Christopher VV nght, an H0I"!0rpry Servino· B-rother of the St. John Ambulance AssoClatlOn, who accidentally killecl last year.

Thirty-two teams competed. .\Yad es\\'ood CollIery No. 1 scored a no teworthy success 111 th.(' team test "\\"1t h 187 points, being followed by l\Ianton and Bolsoyer Colliery, for 2nd and 3rd places respectlvely.

The indiyidual tests results " 'ere as follows: -1st,

P. Hibbard, Ireland Colliery; 2nd, J. Greaves, Ireland Colliery; 3rd, \A./. Bates, Holmewood Ambulance Class.

NOTTINGIlAl'IL-Damp and unsettled \i\lea ther detracted somewhat from the pleasure of those attcnding the garden fete at The Plaisaunce, Wilford Lane, on August 24t?, organised by the Nottingham Corps of the S.J.A.B., JJ1 aid of the Transport and MedIcal Com forts Funds.

A very large number of attraetio,lS, and side-shows had been arranged, and an interesting sporting programme drawn up for both adults and juveniles.

The Divisions responsible for the competItIOns were, Cammell Lairds Mapperley, Basford City, Wollatol1 , Carrington, Central, Bedwell, Band, Robin Hood, Cinderhill, Manvers, Gt. Northern, Clifton Colliery, and Stockhill.

Assistant Commissioner A. B. Gihson deputised for Sir Dennis Readett-Bayley, who 'was to have presided at the opening which was per formed hy 1\1rs. Chas. Birkin, Lady of Grace of the Order.

Mr. Gibson stated that arrangements had been made for organised patrolling of most of the roads in the county at week-ends and on national holidays.

Mrs. Birkin said they all regretted the unfortunate weather. The objects of the fete were splendid, and the work of the Division had increased enormously. From 27 cases moved by the ambulances in 1914 the number had grown to 2,878 last year. If this wonderful work were to continue it was absolutely essential that they should have another ambulance, which would cost £700.

A vote of thanks to Mrs. Birkin was moved by Lady Divisional Officer Miss Gibson, and seconded by D.S. A. C. Weller.

Selections were played by the 25th Nottingham Co. Boys' Brigade (Norton Street) band duriog the afternoon and evening.

PARKGATE.-Unfavourable weather marred the success of the second annual drumhead service of the Parkgate Diyision of the Rotherham Corps of the S.J.A.B., held on Sunday afternoon, August 18th, at Victoria Park , Rawmarsh.

A procession was formed at the Rotherham Road Mission Church, headed by the Holmes Mill Band. Assistant Commissioner Capt. O. F. Buxton (No.5 District), of Sheffield; Orderly Officer, Ambulance Officer Elmer (Wath), Corps Sergt.-Major J. W. Gil1ing (Rotherham), and Corps Sergt.-Major Hargreaves (Goldthorp e) were in charge. Lady Divisional Supt. Nurse Williams (Thurcroft), Lady Acting Officer Nurse Draper (Thurcroft), Lady Divisional Supt. Nurse Hollings (Thrybergh), .Actin g Officer N urse (Thrybergh), and Lady DIVIsIOnal Supt. Nurse Tmdall (Goldthorpe), vvere in charge of the three Ladies' Nursing Divisions.

The Reveille was sounded before the procession commenced, and again at the Cenotaph at the request of the Rawmarsh and Parkgate branch of the British L egion.

At the Park, the hymns, "0 God, our help in ages past," "Eternal Father, strong to save," "We bring before Thee, Lord, our hopes and needs," and" All people that on earlh do dwell" were sung.

The lesson was read from St. Matthew, chapter 25, verses 31-41, by Assistant Commissioner Capt. O. F. Buxton.

The Rev. Canon F. G. Scovell) in a short address referred to the magnificent work which the St. J Ambulance Brigade is doing.

Councillor H. Hutchinson, in his address, spoke of the graves on the battlefields of Flanders and of the hu ge sacrifices made: Referrin& to the work of the St. John Ambulance B1'lgade) he saId that to be a member of the brigade meant great sacrifice. The ambulance men and women spend a great deal of time in the study and prac-

A I D. September, 1929.

tice of first aid in order that they might keep up efficiency. The work was'voluntary, and any expenses incurred wer e borne by the individual who attended case.

After the singing of the NatlOnal Anthem, th e ambulance workers returned to the headquarters of th e Division, the Sportsman Inn, Pm-kgate, where tea wa s provided.

Sergt. E. Hatfield, the Hon. Secretary of the Parkgat e Division, who was responsible for the an:angements and carrying out of the service, stated that Septemb er 12th 1927 the ambulance men and women 111 Parkgat c l1ad 'attend)ed 241 accidents and 30 cases of s udd en illnes s.

No. 6 District.

CowPEN.-Thirty members of the Cowpen Ambulan ce Brigade paraded at the Blyth Welfare und er Supt. Nesbitt, on August 24th) and were Jl1spected hy Capt. Dr. Anderson, of Seaton Delaval, Acting Commissioner of No. 6 District.

Four members of the Brigade, CorpI. Gough and Pt es. Davison, Curtis, and Newton were presented with th e silver star for three years proficiency) and Supt. Nesb itt qualified by attendance at this inspection for the Queen 's Long Seryice Medal, presented to any member who for 15 years has attendecl the annual 12 drills and inspectio ll, and has successfully passed each yearly examination.

GATESIIEAD.-Mor c than 300 men and nurses of th e orth Durham Corps of the St. John Ambulance Briga dc attended the annual inspection on the Gateshead Second ary School ground on Saturday) August 31st, and though th ere was a gratifying interest shown by the public it woul d appear that it is not sufficiently appreciated how impr essive and interesting such a gathering can be. The ma rch past and the displays of first aid both showed the Bri gade to be in a high state of efficiency.

The Inspecting Officer was Assistant-Commission er Stanley Embleton, accompanied by the Lady Distri ct Of£cer, Mrs. Ritson; Col. C. B. Palmer, late Commissioner of No. 6 District S,J.A.B.; and District-Staff Offic er George R. Curry.

After the inspection, the Inspecting Officer warml y congratulated the men and nurses and, incidentally, thank ed them for the excellent work being done at the North-E ast Coast Exhibition.

Col. Palmer also addressed the parade and there was obviously mutual pleasure at his re -a ppearance among st them.

The music for the march past and during the displ ays was an excellent feature of the proceedings.

J.I\.RROW.-J arrow S.J.A.B. held their annual church parade to Christ Church on Sunday, August 18th) and was supported by the Mayor and Corporation, a continge nt of J arrow police and friends, together with the South Shields, Hebburn, Sunderland, Washington, Felling, Wallsend and Percy Main Divisions, and were also supported by Commissioner Embleton and District Offic er Capt. Bowers. The Nursing Division was supported by South Shields and Felling Divisions and the Cadets also were supported by other divisions.

This was their thirteenth annual church parade.

The Palmer Work's Band headed the procession. T he preacher was the Rev. H. W. Dobson) Rector of the Parish, his text being taken from Acts x, 38-" Jesu s, who went about doing good, healing all that was oppress ed, for God was with him." The preacher stressed the id ea of Jesus as a man of action, one who was listened to, hecause he practised what he preached. The history of St. John's Ambulance from 1099 onwards) he said, was clear proof that its members stood for practi cal Christianity. He bade a ll in their works of mercy to find God as Jesus did.

Septembe r, 19 29. FIR S T

On r et urnin g from the Church a halt was made at the Cenotaph, where a short service was held and the Last Post was sounded, previous to which the Superintende nt, H. Hunting, laid a wreath on behalf of the Brigade.

MID-DURHAM CORPs.-Members of the Mid-Durham Corps (Northern Division) No 6 District of the St. John Amb ulanc e Association assembled in the g rounds of Findon Cottage, the r esidence of the veteran Coroner, Mr. Joh n Graham, on Saturday, August 24th, fur the annual inspection. There was a large number of spectators, including Mr. Graham) whose interest in first aid has ex tended over a long period of his Ii fe. There were on parade 150 officers a nd men, under the command of Commanda nt T. G. Noble.

Mr. Stan ley Emhleton, Assistant District Commi ssio ner, inspected the ranks) and the men, following drill, gave a display of their skill in bandaging. Mr. Embleton com plimented them on their sma rtn ess.

Coroner Graham, WllO was thanked for the arrangem" n ts made for the function, remarked that a pleasing-

A 10. 59

July 21st last, when 4 people were killed and 36 injured. A motor-'bus bringing a party of excursionists from Hull, got out of control when descending Blue Bank, Sleights, turned a double somersault and , vas completely wrecked. Supt. W. R. Knaggs, of the Whitby Division, S.J.A.B, witnessed the accident and hurried to the scene. Ambulance Officer C. H. Hood, Sergt. W. J. Pinning, Ptes. A. Wheatley and G. Nelson, accompanied by the police, soon arrived at Blue Bank. Passing motorists proffered help and improvised stretchers were made with the aid of spring seat cushions.

The members of the loca l Polic e Force, with Supt. Harrison at their head) join ed in the general work of rescue in a manner which upheld the very high traditions of the Force and the commendation of all. Their tactful handlin g of several delicate situations in cases of semidelirium won the highest praise.

Road-patrol Bond, of the Royal Automobile Club, and Road-patrol IIanstock, of the Automobile Association, were soon on the scene with their motor-cycle first aid equipment, and rendered signal service in attending to the injured and assisting in their removal to the ambulance cars.

Members of the Burnopfield Divi sion, No.6 District, 'w ho did duty at the North-East C.oast Exhibition, eweastle, from August 5th to 10th. Under Corps Offi ce r Pigg (l\ lid Durham Corps) and.asslsted by Gateshead Fell Nursin o - Di\ ision they atteaded the record number of 218 cases, 68 be1l1g on August 5th. left to right :-E vVood, T. Jon es, J. Eilles, J. Kay, H. 1cGurk.

fea ture of the parade was the presence of the cadets. He hoped to see a much lar ger attendance of boys next year.

The Corps was also addressed by the l\Iayor of Da rlington (Councillor J. F. ?mith), who spoke of the urge nt need of people versed WIth a knowledge of first ald. He was greatly impressed wlth the dIsplay they had witnessed, and regretted that the ambulance movement wa s not better s upport ed.

Sergt. Askew, of Pelton, was presented With the long ser vice medal.

WIIITBY.-That the public of appreciate ser vices rendered by the local S.J.A.B.,. IS evi denced by their support of the f;T hltby Cra::ette ShJ111l1g Fund towards the replacem ent of equipment used by the Whit hy Div ision at q. serious accident whIch occurreci on

Owino- to the nature of the ground and the fact that hives of had bee n upset by the 'bus in its roll down the o-arden the work of rescue was rendered even more diffi;ult. 'Cases were first sent to the 'Whitby War Memorial Hospital, and not one of the forty persons escaped inj ury.

After attention. eight stretcher cases were removed to the Whitby Union Infirmary in the ambulan,ce, the sufferers being attented by the medIcal and nursIng staff uncler the Master and Matron (11-1 r. and 11rs. Lon o 'hur st).

So o-reat was the drain upon the resources of the I10spitatand the Ambulance that practically the whole of their stores for deal1l1g wlth such cases were used, and resid ents near the Hospital, realising the e.xtent of the requirem ents in the wa> of l1l1en, etc., lmmedlatel)'

sent sheets to be torn up for bandages. All the available strenoth of the 'Whitby Division were duty,. some members being called to three motor1l1g accldents on the Guisborough highroad. S.1l1ce the aCCldent t.11e members of the Division have been 111 touch WJth the l\Iatron of the Hospital to render assIstance or help cis required. b h ,1

According to the local Press no praJse e too 191 for the self-sacrificing work of the first aIel men. The Shilling Fund) we are given to understand, has now reached he sum of £100.

N0. 9 District.

EXETER Ai D BARNSTAPLE.-The Exeter and Barnstaple Ambulance Cadcts spent an enjoyable time at the J.,0:c. Camp, Dawlish vVarren. The Cadets drv111e sen'icc on the Sunday at the Camp Chapel. J\l1ss Pethyhric1ge, of Plymouth) the On the 'Wednesday afternoon the DlvlSlOns were by Supt. E. A. Bowd e n) M.RE.) ;md Dr. T. Preece (Dlv1slOnal Surgeon). There were 32 lads 01: parade The Exeter Cadets were under Supt. Langmald) and the Barnstaple Division under Supt. Trott and Cade.t-Officer. Frampton: The in spect ing officers were pleased wIth thc h1gh state ot efficiency.

The Barnstaple Di"ision entered t\-vo teams f?r the first-aid test. CorpI. Edwards' team was first wlth 84 points out of a possible 100) and Cadet Arthur, Goodel1ol1o' h's team second ,\ ith 67 points. 1\hs. Crampltt prethc cup to the winning team. Sports were heJd during the afternoon.

A cup, kindly given by Miss Pethybrid gC', of Plymouth. for the Cadet gaining the most points, was won by Cadet \V. DreaJey (Barnstaple Division) with 15 Sir Rohcrt .. e\\'man, -;\J.P., kindly presented tIle pnzes and certificates.

No. 10 District.

BECCLES.-\iVith the idea of giving a real good sendoff to the flag day that was heJd in Beccles, on Friday, August 23rc1, on behal f of the Lowestuft Division of the St. John Ambulance, the Beccles Brigade g'ave a demonstration in first aiel work on the Becc1es Town Football Ground, on the preceeding' Thursday ('Yelling. The appeal for funds is to provide the initial costs of installing an ambulance car at Beccles to serve the district) including Bungay and IIalesworth) thus to relieve the already oyerworked car at Lowestoft. It appears that tIle public of BeccJcs reali se to the full extent the worthiness of the appeal, for \\'ell over 500 people asseml)lecl on the and were r ewa rd ed h y a first-class c.lisplay 0 f Ii rst aid \\'ork.

Th .: Brigade assembled at their Jleadquarters in the 1Iarkel. :;qudre and marched to the g round, headed by the J3eccles Salvation Army Band (under the direction of J. 'Nard). At the entrance of the ground thcy wae met iJy the 1\1ayor (Mr. J. Brincly, J.P.)) and other members of the Town Council. The demonstration consisted of five :iCeJlC", the i1rst of which was a house on fire, made as real by the emission of colour e d smoke, and frOll1 wllich C:a:>Lla!i were rcscued, and artificial respiration was c1em01!:>Ln-uf"; 'by TIlt boy Cadets und er Cadet Officer 'V. J. Br0w 1'. The S\xf)'lc! 'was bcd-making' by the girl whicL jJLuved yer;! 1111e\f's1:ing. In the third case two boys wert ;n ;'001TI witll chemicals, when ab e.x:n10;o,:·:" v, ''1I1!"r the nursing (]i-visi011 k /-: a. ur lJl st aw work. Perhaps the most realistic of all the cases was a motorcycle .accident, in which t,,,:o motor-cycles and two cy-clcs ,::el:e 11wol\'ed, when first ald work was clone hy the men'..; (ll\'ISlon.

A I D. Septem ber, 1929.

After the demonstration the Mayor congratulated Supt. Watts and the Division upon the display they had given. They were all proud of the fact Becc1es a division of the St. John Ambulance) whIch was dOl11 g great work up and down the country) and urged the general public to support them on the morrow) and thus enable them to be provided with the ambulance car they needed. After thanking the Salvation Army Band and the publi c for the snpport given that evening, he presented the awards gained at the re-examination.

MARCH.-Certificates) medallions, and labels earned by members of the March branch of the St. John Ambulance Brigade were presented by Mrs. H. H. Truman at the Town Hall on Monday enning) August 26th. The Brigade has made remarkahle progress, and has now 44 members, who have attended to no fewer than 298 cases of accident during the past year) chiefly on the railwa y. Twenty first aid certificates, 17 re-examination certificat es, six medallions) and 33 labels were presented, togetber with long-sen-ice mcclals to A. E. Mortlock and J. R. Crofts. Other long-servIce medals are due to E. C. Cottage, H. Walker, and \1\1 Crowe., but these had not arrived in time for presentation

Priory for Wales.

TilE Annual Report of tbe Priory for \V ales for the yellr 19 28, which has just been published, is an interesting record of the progress maintained in the deyelopment of the \\'ork of the Order in \V a les, and has been the subject of fm ourable COI11ment in the vVelsh Press.

The report sho"v that in the gcneral dirrusion of kno\\ledge of 8mbulllnce work, the Priory is endeCl\'ouring to kcep pace ",ith the growing frequency of accidents and fro111 a comparison of results covering the past eight years, it is seen that the number of people who have received instruction in First Aid, Home [ ursing and the allied subjects, increa sed from 3,207 in 1921 to 11,754 in 1928. Facilities are prO\ id ctl in every county for the public to receive this training, thL' importance of which has caused it to be strongl r recoml1lend ed from time to time for inclusion in the school curriculum, and in re\ iewi.l1g- this report it must be borne in mind that it is almost impossible to estimate the prorlucti\'e "alue of such work, which directly affects the improvcment of health, the prevention of disease and the mitigation of surrering. Rapid trides ha\ 'e also been made in the extcn ion of the St. John Arnbulance Brigade in Wales Thi is possi bly the most generally known of the Order's branch es allhough thc public have sti ll to learn t1wt the mell ane.! women, who, hy CIlI-oll11ent as members accept honoura ble ob li gation to serve sulTering' 11ul11anity 'without distinction of race, creed or class, are ,"oluntar), workers in the strictest SL'nsc, receiving neither payment nor reward for Lheir time or sen'ice. The numerical strength of the Brigade in \-Va les, was shown at the end of 1920 as 5,000, and the steady annLlal increase has broug'ht the total up to 8,889. In addition to strengthening its numbers, the Brigade hns extended its service. The usual forms of public duLy include the ntLe ncl8nce of uniformed members at public functions, sports mc etings, sho'ws and c in emas, and n il places wh ere crowds are likely to ,lssemblc, patrol duty at seaside promenades, and on Lhe main roads throughoul the country, at holidrlY timcs and week-ends. The member provide Lheir equipment and replenish their havresacs with ambulan ce dressings often aL their own expense, and in bl.l-ge numh er of towns and villages the local Divisions have erected th eir own am bulance headq uartcrS.

Wales is providing iLs quota of members for service in the Royal ava l Auxiliary Sick Bcrth Reserve and the Military Hospitals Reser\'e raised by the Anny and Navy to

September, 1929. FIRST supp lement the regular ITl ed ical services of the forces of the Crown, and lhese r eserves are recruited so le ly from the ranks of the SL John Ambulance Brigade.

The Motor Ambulance Tran sport Service set up by the Priory ha s become a public service of considerable imp ortance. By a chain of Illotor ambulances stationed throug-hout the Sout h Wales coa lfi e ld the Priory is able to meet a ll cal s for ambu lance transport frolll the col li eries and lhe public, Col liery companies are recommende.d by lhe Home Office to support this service as a far more satisfactory way of fulfilling theil- oh li g-alions than maintaining 8 privale ambulance. Over fifty-six thousand Illernbe;-s of \\lorkmen's Lodges arc ent itl cd to the free use of an ambu lan ce at any time of the day or nighl, for themselves and fami li es, With the further support of the co lli eryo\\'ncrs and other employcrs of labour, it is proposed to extend Lhe service, and in this way strengthen the link hetween the sick and injured and thc' e\'er-growing I-csources of the medical profession.

A particularly useful form of charitable work i the proi"ion of Medical Comforts DepoLs, from which the public may obtain on loan at nominal charges requisites, im a lid equipment and comforts for the sick room. Four ad ditional Depots were opened last year. In the CounLy of Glamorgan there are now twenLy-fi, e, MonI11outhshire has -.;ix, and there are se\'era l in th e Counties of Carrnarthen, Ca rnarvon and Brecknock. YIuch suffering has no doubt heen sa\'ed and the nursing of the sick greatly farilitated by this excellent scheme.

The report summarises various other branches of voluntary work in which the Priory is engaged. It is throughout a record of sustained progress, and the only matter for regret is the fact that the scope of such beneficial service should he limited by inadequate funds

AMBULANCE CONTESTS AT TIlE NATION ,\L EISTEDDFOD.

Ambulance competitions proved an interesting feature of the programme of the Royal National Eisteddfod of Wales at Li\'erpool in August The arrangcment were carried out hr t he Eisteddfod Ambulance COI11mittee, under the direction of the Honorary Director of Ambulanc e (Sir Herbert D. \\'. Lew is, K. B. E.), assisted by l\Ir. \V. l\Iahon Abraham, the Com petition Secretary.

There were ninc contests, which occupied considerable parl of the last three days of the Eisteddfod.

The chief evcnt on Thursday, Augu'i 8th, was Lhe open contcs t for the teams of nurses for the" Lady But " Cup of the Priory for Wales. Se\'e n teams ent red, and the judges were - Dr. S. Glanville l\lorris, l\Iardy; Dr. D. Llewellyn Wil liams, M. c., Cardiff; Dr. Parry Edwards, Carnan'on; Dr. W. C. Benthall, O.B.E., Southport. The first lhree tC;lms were :-

A I D. 61

The proceedings on the final day opened with the COI11petition for the "Isca" Troph y, open to leams of boy,> resident in Wales or Monmouthshire, which was \\'on by tile Holyhead Troop B. P. Scouts team (with 187 marks).

The" Gwent " Trophy, open to teams of girls resident III \Val es or Monmouthshire, was awarded to the Tylor'itown CadeL Nursing Division (with 162 marks).

] n the orih \Vales Counties Competition, open to te8111S of mCIl resident in either of the North Wales counties, Lhe BI8enau Festiniog "B" team, S.lA. B. was successful (with 1 marks).

The Holyhead Troop B. P. ScouLs team gained thc highest marks in the competition open to leams of bo\'s residenl in Lanc8shire, Cheshire, vVales or 110nmouthshi,:e, with 185 marks and in the competiLion open to tea1l1t; of girls resident in Lancashire, Cheshire, Wales or Mon1l10uthshirc, the Tylor town Cadet Nursing Di\'i s ion, S.J, \. B. '\,<,IS successful.

The Judges \vere :-Dr. S. Glanville :'If ardy ; Dr. D. L1evvellyn ,\Nilliams, M. C., Cardiff; Dr. R. O,Yen, Bangor; Dr. H. Pierce, Liverpool Dr. D. Rocyn Jones, C. B. E. , Newport. •

A gathe;ing of many thousands witne sse d he presentation of trophies and prizes in the Pavilion. The Principal Secretary thanked the General Secretary, the Ambulance Secretary, the Chairman of the Ambulance Committee (Dr. H. Pierce) and the Judges for their assistance in connection with the ambulance cornpetitions. He paid high tribute to Colonel E. J, Trimble, C. B., C. M. G., Commissioncr of the No. 4 District of the Brigade, for the efficient manner in which the Li\"e rpool Corps had carried out the ambulance arrangements in the Eisteddfod Grounds during the week, under the direction of Bt. Colonel C. G. E. Sim pson, C. B. E., T.D., F.R.C.S., the Corps Supt., at the requ st of the Director and thanked the great audience for the way it had shown appreciation of the boys and girls, who would e\'er remember the applause as a source of encouragement. 1\0 one need be alarmed at the thought of an accident, as S1. John men and Nurses were on duty in eyer)' section of the Eisteddfod Ground, and if they met ",ith mi fortune returning home in their cars they might be certain one of the men or women in the well-known black and white uniform would be near to help. He asked them to remember they \\'er e all \'o lunteers and hoped they would s ho\\' gratitude for any en'ices rendered.

I JE \LTII ED L'CATION.

2 South port Nursing Divi s ion 189

1. Liverpool Nursing Di\'i ion

3. Rhyl Branch V.A. D. FlinL

The sC'cond event was a contest for the "Tre\'ethin" Sh ield open to teams of men resident in IIonrnouthsh ire, and this was won by the Treharns 01\'1 Ion team.

The" Silurian" Shield was compcted for by teams of wo men resident in \V ales or l\Ionmouthshire. The Rhyl V \. D. team was successful witb 181 marks.

Dr. D. Rocyn Jon es, c. B. E., Newport, and Dr. Parry Ed wards, Carnarvon, judged these two contests. "

The open ambu lance competitions for the' 'Lady Lewls Cup of the Priory for vVales for teams of men. p.lace on Friday, August 9th, and fifteen teams from dlstrrcts In Eng-land, North and South Wales keenly contested for the C hampionship Trophy. "

The Jud o'c were :-Dr. S. (dan\'lllc Iorns, Mardy; Dr. D. Llewellyn Williams, 1.C., Dr. ;\'. Llewellyn i\lorg-an, Liverpool; Dr. O. WI}llams, Llveq')ool.

The following- Leams gculled the Ilrst three places In order of merit1st Treharris Division

251t 245

Lancashire Constabulary" r\ " kRill ,\. B.

The Indu Lrial Health Education Society is prepared to pro\'ide, free of charge, competent lecturu for Health Talk, and it is hoped officers in charge of :\.m bul a nce and Nursing' Divisions will take ad\'anLage of tbis offer during the coming winter. Such subjects as the following h cl\'e been elected: Occupational Sickness es and Disease s and General Health; The Pre\'e ntion of Disease; General Health and Personal H\,o'iene' Nutrition and Diet in relation to Phys ical Fitness ; in' relation to Health (Lantern).

Immediate application for the schedule of Talks should he made by those inlerested, to :'Ill'. ,\\'. Berrilllan, Brynhculog, i\Iaesycoed, Pontypriclcl.

\V c are informed by H. S ta tionery 0111ce, that Volume 111. (the first to be issued) of "A Sy , tem of Bacteriology in Relation to l\lcdicine" is now on sale. This work is beill<Y published under the auspices of the Medical Research Council, alld will be is ued in nine volumes, each of 400 pages. The price for the nine volumes is £8 8s., single \'o lumes being £1 1s. each. A descripti\'e leaAet, the llrrangements of Volume, etc ., can be had on application to H.l\1. Stationery Office, Adastrn.1 House, Kings"',,.", London, \\'. C. 2 , or hranches.

S c hnei der Troph y Ra c e .

THAT the organisation of the Brigade is sound and efficient, is evident from the excellent am bulance arrangements made by the authorities on the occasion of the Schneider Trophy Race in the Solent.

It was once remarked by a person seeing ambulance men and nurses at frequent intervals, " Those fellows are experts at making am bu lance arrangements for crowds and are seldom, if ever, caught napping."

From arrangements one saw at Southsea it was q 1I ite evident that every precaution had been taken to meet any emergency, as is always done in London and other parts of the country where large crowds are likely to gather.

It is regretted we cannot publish the official number of cases attended, as these cannot be obtained, but it is understood that the number of cases of faints, fits, etc., that called for attention ran into three figures. Incidentally two reports from personnel serving at Southsea have been received and they are considered sufficiently interesting as to warrant the following reproductions

Having paraded at Headquarters in preparation for the lon g journey were subjected to having a photograph taken by a Press representative as if we were the team who were expected to bring the Trophy home triumphantly. Bidding adieu to our Superintendent we were soon speeding our way to the mai n land.

The drive through the cou ntry was just beginning to get interesting, when darkness set in, so our only thought now must be our destination at the Royal Naval Barracks, Portsmouth, where we were to be billeted for the night. Here we received a right royal Service welcome, both from Brigade officers and Naval officials. As the clock was chiming midnight, we were guided to our barrack room where we found a good number of our Brigade colleagues from other Divisions who were more fortunate in having arrived earlier.

Hammocks were served out and our next job was to find a corner where we could either sling the hammocks or lie on the floor. It was amusing to see those who had never slept in a hammock before, and the trying to pitch each other out caused Some hilarity.

The time for rising came all too soon and a rush was made for washing and trimming up for the duty to done on such an important day . Before reportIng for duty, we were entertained to a sumptuous breakfast in the canteen. This knife and fork drill having been com pleted the officers in charge of Divisions were busy CTivin CT their mem bers instructions. I was placed in of

A I D. September, 1929.

our motor ambulance for the day; and w as instructed to report to the County Commissioner at Southsea Castle Here we rece ived anoth er welcome and were detailed to the Eye and Ear Hospita l , where we found members of the Portsmouth Nursing Division on duty.

On our arrival they thought we had broug ht them a case, and were making preparations to receive it. Their activities soon came to a stan dstill when they found that we were to be on du ty with them in case our were required so their preparations were turned in another directi on and we were rewarded with a nice cup of te a. Things were very quiet at this end of the town a nd we were only able to see the machines fly b y, through a cluster of trees.

We were instructed to report back at the Cast le at 3 p . m . , and on arrival there again, we wer e allowed to go on to the bank to witness the rac e, but had to keep within call. Only a few minut es had passed when the first call was received

This call was to remove a gentleman to hi s home who had been taken ill with an attack of malaria, and he also had a very high tern peratur e. The removal was successfully accomplished, th e patient put to bed, and the doctor was soon in attendance. The car having returned to the castl e, we were back just in time to see the Italian machi ne come over that caused so much consternation amongst the crowds by taking such a wide swee p and flying so low. As he came by the castle it seemed as if he was going to crash into one of th e towers, and remarks were passed as to which sid e of the tower he went by.

Although we were interested in the race, du ty was always given first consideration, and soon we were on our way to Eastney Police Station where an accident had happened to a boy cyclist, wh o had a suspected fracture of the collar-bone O ff back to the castle we go to await further develo pments, the first being the pleasure of seeing t he last of the British machines on its tour of t he course. This one was so low that we were able to smell the exhaust of his engine, and those with a knowledge of motor oils able to distinctly tell wh at he was using. From the castle bank we were also able to see the Italian machine come down on the water and the speed boats rushing to his assi stance.

Besides being a means of transport to patie nts who were ill or had met with an accident, we were able to convey those members who had be en detailed to out l ying districts to and from th eir stations. The returning of these members was just completed, and we were looking forward to going back to barracks, when a call was receiv ed from the Portsmouth Town Railway Station, wh ere a lady had met with rather a serious accident by slipping between a train and the platform. As the saying goes, we were beaten on the post by the

September, 1929. FIRST

City Police Ambu lance, who removed her to the Royal Hospital.

At last we found we were able to take the car back to the barracks, and then we made a tour of the illuminations. The Guildhall presented a that will take a .long time time to forget, WIth the model SchneIder Plane and Royal Air Force all done in electric light. So also was the sea front w ith its 6,600 l ights and the Tramcar wit h over 800, which gives CTreat credit to its b des tgners.

i?cidents that will never be forgotten are the hospltaltty of the Mayor and Corporation who gave us free use of their tramcars and 'buses for the day, the Brigade officers who undertook the so us to visit one of our largest CIties and witness such a race which we could not have done under ordinary circumstances, and also the courtesy shown to us bv those officers duri ng our stay in Portsmouth.

On our return journey we came across a bluejack et with a pillion rider who had had a spill on his motor cycle On enquiring if our services were req uired, we were pleased to find that the only damage was a broken chain, which he was able to re nder "first aid" to himself.

After having a breakdown ourselves when about 80 miles from home, delaying us about an hour, we arrived safely feeling glad that we had been able to be of service to another part of the count ry, and also assisted to uphold the traditions of the Grand Order of St. ] oh11, of which we are prou d to be members.

ON D UTY

A great buzz of excitement was caused in the Isle of Sheppey Division when our Superintendent informe d us that he had received an invitation from aUf Commissioncr for men to be on duty for the Schne ider Trophy Race; but the difficulty was how and who?

To go by train was out of the question the dista nce being too great; and the second lanc e being laid up, the fulfilment of going seemed very remote. However the mechanic- CTood sort that he is- said he would have No.2 inl::> workinCT cond ition by the time required, so our hopes and when the Superintendent, from word received from the Transport Officer, stated all was well we overjoyed and vol un teers were speedily forthcom ing.

The notice board was often scanned to see who would be picked and great was the joy of the chose n few who were selected for duty. On the eve of that great day, Sept. 7th, 1929, 11 members asse m bled at their station at 5 p. 111. to commence the long journey by ambulance and car to the ban ks of the Solent.

Prior to the farewell of friends, assem bled to see LIS off, a zealous reporter of the local Slzeerness

A I D 63

was. spotting the party with a camera. Havtng satisfied that gentleman we were all eager to be off.

Toot! Toot.!. Honk! Honk! Ding! Ding! and we were gltdlng along on air but we soon foun9 out it petrol. Having successfully left the tsland behllld, we made a bee-line as it is called, for Maidstone. Then on to Westerham Redhill and Guildford to pick up ma1l1 road to Portsmouth after dark.

at the Naval Barracks about midnight, DtstrIct Officer ]. H. Wrigglesworth and Captain Butcher greeted us and issued final instructions to the officer in charge of casualty clearing stations and transport.

We then retired to our virtuous couches which were suspended from the rafters in some cases and under the tables in others. '

The ward we S.] .A. B. occupied v,' as spotlessly clean, you could have eaten off the floor had there been anything to eat, or that is what it looked like to us in the semi-darkness-the bugle had already sounded "Lights Out "-but something was heard about m ice being about. After we were in " kip "-that sounds all right, quite" naughtical" -one of the fellows woke up and fo und his boot leaving him for a better hole. However, we snoozed off about 3 a. m. hoping the bugler would forget to blow reveille, but no such luck.

The District Sergt.-l\Iajor thought he was at war and got up about 4.30 a.m. for his bath but found the water cold and the dawn just breaking, but being such a good soldier, he went through the routine-show a leg, lower stretchers and stow " amicks."

Loud were the cries of the young for the Sergt. to bring them tea and biscuits before risin g.

The naval authorities kindly loaned the use of the dining hall, where a splendid breakfast was served and much appreciated by all.

Then all units were ordered to report at their respective posts that had been well thought out by our Chief and his Staff, and the sights and thrills we witnessed that day will never be forgotten.

DUTY.

:\. M a nu a of Cookery, primarily for the u of members of Voluntary Aid D etachments, ha been written for the Sl. John Ambulance Association, by Hilda Iarie Smith, an officer of the Order, and ",ill be on sale shorUy. Copies ca n be obtained at 3s. eac h on application to the Director of the Store D epartme n t, St. J o hn Ambulance Association, St. John' s Gate, ClerkenwclI, London, E. C.1. The J u\'el1ile M a nu a l, compiled by a Committee at the reque t of the S.].A.A., has a lso no\\' been comp leted This Manual has been written primarily for the use of Cadets of the S.J.A.B., and until their requirements haye been met copies of the first ed ition will not be a \'ai lable to others. In these circumstances only orders signed by Officers in charge of Cadet Divi s ion s will be attended to. The l\lanual will be sold to Cadets at 2s. 6d. per copy, \\"hi ch i considerably belm\" co t, and in the event of copics being ayailab le after the requirement s of Cadets have been Illct they will be sold aL cost price.

Rat/way Ambulance News.

Western .

AlthouP'h the holiday season is hardly over, the of darker is turning to winter and there is already a quickening of ll1terests 111 the subject uf First Aid" on the G.\iV.R.

Last year was a record one as measured by lion results for the G .\V.R ambulance centre and It IS anticipated that the marked !nterest .in the mOl'ement wlll be well maintained this COl111l1g seSSlOn.

Hitherto, the ambulance years on the G.W.R has been reckoned from No\'ember 30th to December 1st, but it has recently been decided to base future records reports in the period July 1st to. June 30th, commenc111g this year. The change of practIce affect comparisons with previous years, but It IS felt that the change is on sound lines and under the new it will he possible to include in the an!lUal report (whIch will in future be issued in the autumn ll1stead of the e,v results, awards for mentOrIOUS first aId for the same pellOc,) whIch was not possible heretofore.

PYLE.-The clubroom of the New House, North Cornell)" was the venue for an enjoyable smoking concert on August 30th when members of the Pyle Class and their friends foregathered under the presIdency of the Stationmaster, and the ambulance men recei \'e d) at his hands) the awards gcl.ined in examination. The Chairman congratulated the Class on the fact that all \\'ho took the examination had bee n succ es sful) which testified to the efficiency of the instruction afforded and also to the diligence of the students. An enjoyable programm e of \'ocal and instrumental music and burlesque items was provided.

SwmnoN. - Mr. George Culling, the popular and energetic Chairman of Committee of the G.W.R. Swindoll \\Torks Ambulanc e Class has been appointed to the posi t ion of Ambulanc e Inspector of th e G.vV.R. CompallY's \vol'ks at Swindon, where 12,SS() persons are employed.

This appointment was referred to a a step in the right direction by Mr. W. A. Stanier, Assistant Chief 1\lcchanical Engin ee r, when he presided on the 8th instant at the annual meeting of the Swindon Works Class, held at the Mechanics' Institute.

The annual report was presented by the Secretary.

The class had been particularly successful in its competition activities, and during the yea r a home nursing class had been formed in which 19 students of the 21 who sat for examination were successful. Many members of the class who were associated with the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade attended fetes, gatherings, football matches, theatre and cinema performances, etc., in the town and were able to render first aid in a number of cases which was much appreciated. A number of lon g service medals were gained during the year by members of the class, and Mr. H. Byatt had been elected a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in recognition of his services to the movement over a lon g period of years.

The Committee acknowledged the services of Dr. Dunstan Brewer, who would be class lecturer in the forthcoming session, and Dr. Darling, who conducted the sectional competitions.

Mr. A. G. Hunt, a vice-President and Treasurer of the

Class, s uiJl11illed a sa tisiacLory balance shed, \Vhich \vas a dopted

The Chairman congratulated the members upon another successful year, and VOIced appreCIation of the men who kept themselves efficie nt and were able to render assistance when accidents occurred.

TRoWBRIDGE.-1\lr. R. G. Pole presided at a distribution of ambulance examination awards to successful members of the Trowbridg e Class, at the Station recently. A o·ooc11y company was present including l\Iajor and 1\1rs :\1r. H H. Garlick (Chai rman U.D.C.) and Mr. ]. Roberts (Stationmaster).

The proceedings opened with a report by the Secr etary, Me H. Reynolds) which showed that at the examination conducted by Dr. Jean 1\Iurray, M.O.H. Tro\Vbridg e, all the 42 candidates had been successful and the Class had furnished four prize-winning teams in the annual competi tions.

In calling on Mrs. Carter to present the awards, 1\1r. Pole congratulated the ClcLss upon its 100 per cent. effic iency and wished the members further successes.

1\Irs. Carter, who is Quartermaster of the vVilts XI V.A .D (Red Cross), paid high testimony to Mr. J. Andrews, Wh0 besides being Instructor to the Trowbridge C lass, plac es his services at the disposal of the Red Cross Society.

ABERCARN.-Dr. J. Dunlop, who is the popular and es teemed lecturer to the Abercarn Class) distributed the examination awards to successful members at a gathering convened at the railway station on August 25th. 1\1r. James] ones (Stationmaster) presided and the thallk s (J the Class were tendered to Dr. Dunlop by Mr. W . .I. Duddridge, the Class Secretary.

London and North Eastern.

CROl\1ER.-Cromer Beach Station ambulance mell , who are the holders of the Midland and Great Northe rn ] unio r Ambulance Shield, added to their reputati on recently by winning the Simpson Charity Ambulan ce Challenge Cup at the Norwich Railwaymen's annual fete in aid 01 the Norfolk and Norwich and Jenny Lind Ho spitals, at Carrow Abbcy. The Cromer team were: Messr s. W. H. Robinson (leader), W. Fulcher, J. Hawes, W. Hawkes, and J. Dennis. They beat Melton Constable by 203 to 200 points. Mr. F. Morgan) of Melton Constab lc, won the individual competition) beating Mr. W. H.r. Robinson by 39 to 37 points. The trophy was by Mr. F. T. Simpson, of Sherin gham, for the benefit of the orfolk and Norwich Hospitals. Captain W. Goodley, M.C., of London, was the judge. The CrOtU1Cr, Deach staff and the Stationmaste r (Mr. \"1. J. Abon l lllu st be 11 earti ly congratulated upon this success, whi<;h is" another proof of the rcmarkable effic iency 0 [ Cromer' :: ambulallcelllell. In order to enable the t eam to go t(/ Nor\Vich, others o n the staff undertook the duties of th ese) men, thereby giving an excellent example of and keenness.

N,E. AREA.

On Septembe, 12th the J\lidd lesbrough class held th eir , annua l soc ia l 111 the Co-OperaL ive II a ll , Middlesbrou g h,

September , 19 29 . FIRS1'

when Di str ict Supi. T. B. H are presided over a fair gathering-of the members and Lheir wives, etc., and in his remark s referred to the great lo ss sustained by the c lass in the d eat h of Dr, J, W. Bcnson, who had lectured to the class for the pasl 19 years.

J\1r. C. Hannar introduced Dr. K enneth Steel to the members as their new and Dr. Stecl said that he hoped to soon be in close touch with them all, and would endeavour to become a good follower of the lal e lecturer \\ hose death they deeply deplored.

Mrs. Steel presented the certificates, ctc., gaincd in the las t sess ion, and expressed her thanks for the 11'nour they had gi\'en her in as king her to make the presentations.

\ whist drive and dance followed, and :'IIr. J. W. Newton, District Chairman, presented the prizes to the winners

:'Ifr. Geo. J ackson, in moying a \ 'ote of thanks to lr. IIare, referred to the death of Dr. Benson, who was so grea tly respected a ll over the area for his many acts of kindness extended to them, and he lloped that Dr. Steel's associat ion with them would be a long and useful one.

On September 14th the Hartlepool class held their an nual soc ia l at t he Golden Anchor, I--Iartlepool, when M1'. Le,) Barker presided. Mr. T. Saunders, Dock Engineers Dept., presented the awards gained in last session. The health of Dr. W. ScoLl Gibb, l\layor of Hartlepool and class lecturer, wa drunk in the silver cup won by the class in the recent competition, and the doctor ga\'e some real goo d ad\'ice to the men, and refen-ed to the many acts of ass istance done by the members during the war in the lIarUepools.

1\11'. Geo. Jackson presented to the class secretary, Mr. \\'. Lawson, a gold medal as some sma ll recognition of his services as class secretary, and gm'e some interesting particu lars of the work done by the Centre.

1I1r. J. Willis, District Secretary, in moving a yote of tha nk s to the excellent artistes who had given them such a delig htfUL e\' cning's entel-tainment, spoke of the work of the distr ict and the great help the Hartlepool class always g;we to him and the district.

The winter session of the Centr e is iust cOl11mencing, and classes ha\ c already beg un at T)'nc Dock, Blyth, Star beck, HarUcpool, 'V est Hartlepool, Creatham and Twee dmouth, and there are good prospects of another good sessio n. The a im of the Centrf' is to get more of tbe ) OU l1g-er members of thc tall to join the classes, wh ich arc held at all the main centres of the Area, and any who desire to attend will recci \'C all assistance possi ble from any of thc class or district secretaries, or th General Secretary, York

On September 7th the and Darlington districts held the annual excu l·sions, Scarborough being the placc se lected by both, and big trains C)11 \'cyecl thc parties. A most glorioLls day wa spent at the spas ide ; the weather being at its best, enabled a ll to thoroughly en ioy the trip.

------.--.-------

Southern.

Althoug;h all increase is reported in th number of men who qualified at the various examinations during the yea r, an ana ly sis of the figures reveals the fact that of those who gained a first certificate in 1928 nearly 300 iailed to advance for re-examination. The Centre Committee and the Class Secretaries, are, however, to be cong ratulated on the work done and results obtained.

The following is an extract from Sir Herb e rt \Valk er's letter in the Annual Report 01 the Centre just issued :-

"Every man should have a hobby., and I know of no hetter hobby than the study of ambulance work, but I 's uggest that to a railwayman qualification to render first

A I D. 65

aid should be somet hin g more than a hobby-it should be a duty.

" I want it to be known that the Directors and Officers have their hearts in the first aid work in the same way that the staff have, and in every way possible will help it forward "

EXETER.-The distribution of certificates and medals won by the Exeter and Exmouth Junction (Southern Railway) Ambulance Class took place at Queen Street Station, Exeter, on September 12th.

The Chairman, Mr. W. J, England (assistant operative supenntendent) vVaterloo), referred to the fact that Dr. C. B. Kelly, who for some years had placed his services g-ratuitously at the disposal of the Exeter and Exmouth J unction Class, had become entitled to a hon. lif e memberhip of the St. ] ohn Ambulanc e Brigade.

Mr. W. T. Venton, District Goods Superintendent, presented Dr. Kelly with his certificate, and, in replying, the doctor paid tribute to the keenness of both Classes.

At the conclusion of the distribution -;\Ir. Yenton congratulated the Class on the high lel' el of their successes in the examination In 1925, 25 Exeter candidates passed, and 21 Exmouth] unction candidates, \\ hile t his year the figures were 40 and 21 respectively. _

Mr. F. J, Hancock, vVestern Distric t Secretary, said that although th e local classes had been well maintained, there was a drop of 13 in the district membership. Altog ethe r 3,408 members of the staff held certificates, this being an increase of 1,277 in four) cars

NEWHAVE T.-A special parade of the rai!\\'ay police, sta tioned at e\yhaven, took place at the Harbour on Wednesday, Au g ust 21st, in the pr esence of :\lr. F. Holmes (Assistant Chief of the Southern Railway Police) and Divisional Detective-Inspector A. :\Ieardon (Brighton). The parade was made the occa ion of presenting the awards won in connection ,\·ith the ('",haven Centre of the Southern Railway S.J,A.B., the recipients, with one ex ception, being members of that Centre. The pres en tations were made by Holm es, \\ ho congratulated them on th e ir success. Expressing a hope th at they would continue to carryon with ambulance work) he sale! it was not necessary for him to explain the nece sit)' anel \'a ille of a knowled ge of fir t aiel, as each man interested knew that by his experience The percentage of Southern Railway Police train ed in first a id \"as yery high, and practically eyery member of the force hael some knowledge of this useful work. This fact must be \'C r y gratifyin o' to the public using thc railway as ,y e ll as to the Railway Company.

SOUTHAMPTON DOCK S -A record in the number passing the examinations was announced a t the annual meeting and pres enta t ion of a\yards of the Southampton Docks Division of t he Southern Raihny Ambulance Centre.

The Hon. District S ecreta ry) l\Ir. L. B. P etty, reported that there had been an incr ease of 17k per cent. oyer last year in the number of candidat es passing the examinations The large number attendin g the class es and the results of the examinations were a tribute to the work of tile Lecturer, Dr. H. C. Attwood, the Class Secr etary and Instructor) 1r. H. ]. lngs, and to the Lay Instructors, Messrs. H. \"1. Griffin, F. C. V\ Tren, J. G. Boucher, and E. J. Barrett, with the a sistance of several other experienced .1 First-aider ." On the competition side Southampton Docks was well rcpre entec\ by fiyc teams, The I, A" team were holders of the" Redbrid ge " up the « Calmore" Cup, and the I. Lady Emma Crichtoll" Cup. The" D " team had regained the cup for the Docks in the Southern Railway group competition. Th e other teams had had a share of the prizes as runners-up. There

CO N T ENT S OF THIS NUM B E R . EDlTORIAL-

A I D. Septem ber, 1929.

Enemies of Knowledge.

Being the Third Stephen Paget Memo.rial Lecture delivered at th e annual general meettrLg of the Research Defence Society on June 12th) 1929.

By PROF. A. V. HILL, O.B.E., Sc.D.) F.R.S.

(Continu ed from page 35),

"' ANTI "-BODIES.

There arc many apart fr0111 those whi eh save us from disease. Some of them are good, most 01 them are bad. I cannot bring myself to object to antIaircraft guns, and there is probably much to. say for th.c anti-saloon league Anti-dazzle, anti-fire, antI-germ, antlvibration, anti-waste, and anti-slavery (to quote the phone directory), all sound beneficent enough. In antlprohibition, however, anti-socialist, antl-commul1lst, and anti-vaccination we begin to tread on the dangerous ground of propaganda : while in London the anti mind is reveale d, in its highest form} in four separate independ ent ;:tnti-vivisection societies, all fighting agal11st one another in the same great cause. This anti-mind is no n ew phenomenon. In my recent researches I carr:e upon an Anti-Rail-Road Journal elated 1835. The EdItor claI ms, as Dr. Hadwell would, that he is "fighting only on the side of truth I) "on behalf of some of the most valuab le, but least interests." This journal contains" an exposure of the Railway System," and it is interesti ng to record that the list of those who subscribed to a pa mphlet "Rail-Road Impositions Detected" is headed by the Provost and Fellows of Eton College, followed by fifteen canal companies, three steam waggon compani es, several public houses} and a representative of Mes srs. Pickford, carriers. The high ideals professed, and the flowery language employed, by the anti-rail- r oad enthusiasts of 1835 are so similar to those of anti-vivisection to-day th<\t there are grounds for the hope that the future of both may be the same

September, 1929. FIR S T have their say. The case, however, is different when a lunatic ceases to be harmless and begins to interfere with other people's liberties: we are no longer amused, we shut him up. Individual freedom from molestation is the hardwon basis of modern civilisation. If an individual offends too grievous ly in such matters, society retorts by restrictin g his liberties. So it is with the advance of knowledge: freedom of thought and research is the basis of human progress: only when these interfere with other people's liberties and rights must a check be applied. I have no quarre l with those who choose to believe, as a lady once wrote me, t hat "the Almighty never intended that one anima should profit at the expense of another." I may hold that whales, devouring millions of shrimps daily and digesting them alive (horrible thought!), or tigers strenuously refusing to live on vegetables, or even fleas or tubercle bacilli, provide a certain difficulty in her hypothesis; but still, if she likes to believe in it) I have no wish to co nvince her of another point of view. After all such bellefs add colour to the world. The situation changes, however, if she tries to interfere with the liberties of my friends and me. If by telling lies and spreading calumnies, i f hy petty persecution in private or malicious proseCL1tion in the police-courts, if by attempting to forward legislation forbidding the use of snails, lobsters and frogs for resparch, she provides a wanton hindrance to the of knowledge} then the matter ceases to be a joke and must be taken seriously; and if, to forward her thesis, she does not hesitate to stop subscriptions to hospitals and to hinder their work on behalf of suffering fellow-men, th e n my blood begins to boil as Stephen Paget's used to do, and tolerance becomes impossible.

A I D. 67

stand. As Dr. Barnes, now Bishop of Birmingham, wrote 111 1913:

"' When a man of real piety sees the ideas which he venerates ignored, objects which he believes to be holy scorned, he burns with a righteous indignation which no mean motive of personal ambition or revenge can kindle. The strength of his conviction carries with it not only a presage of victory, based on the belief that God will defend the right, but also the martyr's contempt of death in a ri g ht eo us cause. It is thus that there is no adversary so formidable as a man sure that he is fighting th e battle of the Lord of Hosts, 110 antagonist so relentless in pursuing opponents as he who is convinced that it is his duty to make them an acceptable sacrifice to his God.

were 633 cases 0 ( first aid reported in the Docks during the past 12 months.

Captain E. W. Harvey, 1tLB.E. (Dockmaster); pre. sented the awards, \." hich included a gold medal to Mr. P. Donohoe for passing exams. for 21 years. Commander

W. A. Graham moved a vote of thanks to Captal11 Harvey, who, in reply, amused the gatherin)? with some reminisc ence s of the crude metl,ods of first aId as carned out in his earlier days at sea .

The Newport Corps of the S.].A.D. completes ils 25th yeAr in Octob er next.

[he Ulverston Ambulance and Nursing Divisions held a h ou'3E' to house collection on Sept. 8th. 3' e

Mr. Thom.as W. Piggott, Deputy Li eute nant of Merionethshire, formally opened a free first-aid statio n at Barmouth, the first of its kind in Great Britain. The statio n will be open day and night to a ll classes. The donor is 1\1r. H enry Owen P. R a m sey.

It is strange and sad that man, for all his desire for knowledge, his sacrifice and his effort in its pursuit, should be tormented by this mistrust of what he has becn ablc to attain. Folly and hatred exist, often in the same mi nd, side by side with wisdom and goodwill. There is no thesis so ridiculous, no cause so unworthy, but that some body of zealots will be found ready, in season and out' of season, to support it. Cults and movements, roote d in s uperstition and credulity, rear their heads in our mi dst. There are not many who do not believe in some kind of magic. There is no self-styled prophet} no soothsayer or fortune-teller, no food faddist, no purveyor of patent m edicines or electrical "rej uvenators/' who cannot, given a little plausibility, secure a fo llowin g. How are we to distinguish such cults and movements from the genuine advance of knowledge? Most reasonable educated pe ople will] in fact, be able to distinguish them, but alas, not all people are reasonable or educated: and it is difficul t o r impossible to give any short definition which will incl ude wisdom and omit folly. After all, nobody has yet supplied-or is likely to supply-a satisfactory definition of I ife itself, though most people can recognise a living th ing when they see it. True knowledge is consistent with it se lf and ultimately with human nature: false prophets can be sa fely trusted to cut eac h other's throats: strange cults and movements t.o neutralise each other's efforts One must not take these things too seriously. The presenc e in our midst of weird and wonderful societies designe d to save us from premature burial, to convince us that t he world is " spir its]) can be photographed, or even that black IS whIte, adds great ly to the gaicty and int erest of life: I for one treat thcm kindly and let th em

TUE PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSECUTION. Persecution, the desire to injure or to kill those whos·.; opin ions are different from one's own) is a very old factor in human history. You can see it brutally displayed, often under the cloak of religion, in the Old Testament, as well as in later times. You can see it in schools and colleges. Frequently enough it is for non-conformity to some estau· lished custom, for upsetting some ancient prejudice. The tribe is bound together by certain rites and rituals, by certain traditional beliefs, and anything which diminishes the a uthority of these artificial restraints and bonds is helel to wea ken the tribe and so to usti fy the persecution of the offender. This faith in established custom is an essentia l factor if mankind is to maintain advance already secure d, and not to slip back, in times of stress, into barbarism We must not under-rate-however radical our own outlook-the value of consenatism as an attitude of mmd, the love of things which they know and have experie nced as the basis of the outlook of COlTun011 ml::l1. Equ ally, however, we must realise that necessary as a brake may be to prevent us from slipping down hilt or to stop us when we are Q'oing too fast, we can never go fonvard at a ll with nothing but a sct of brakes, ho\·ve \'c r effic i ent. AmI yet in the past (as indeed in the present) mankind has been singularly intolerant of, and cruel to, those who sought a new point of view and usually ha invoked thc name of God to justify the persecution. I admit-to its credit-that the Anti-Rail-Road Journal avoided callin g upon the Almighty to bear ,,,, itness to the purity of its motives; the anti-vivisectionists havc not the same compnnction. The authorities of Rome and devout Catholics throuj;!: hout Europe, many of them people of gen uin e religio us instinct and purity of life, exulted in the but '- hery of 7,000 Huguenots on St. Bartholomew's Day in 1572 Even in those clays the barefaced massacre of 7.,000 people would have been regarded as discreditable, unless the namc of God had been invoked. Persecution, torture and death were common pcnalties till quite recently for thosc with whose religious beliefs one d id not agree: and many things, including astronomy, could he int erpreted as religion. The psychology of persecution is not hard to under-

" At first sight this intolerance seems to be a noble and fair flow e r springing from the cultivatioll of a11 that is best in the human h ea rt. Of course even men filled with such fire admit that the zeal for persecution is dangerous: all recognise that a love of battle and a joy in destruction are among the lower passions of mankind, and inferior men animated by such passions a re usually the instruments by which the righteous secure the conquest of evil. Apart from all ethical considerations the verdict of history condemns intolerance as both stupid and criminal. Persecution in ho\ovcver mild a form is usually both a mistake and a crime. It is a mistake because i t so rarely sllcceeds: it is a crime because in the name of virtue you unchain the baser passions of mankind The success of int ole ranc e is always momentary; its ultimate failure remains to hamper and distress those who inh e rit the le gacy which It bequeaths ."

It is not, however, only in theological matters thac intolerance is so rif e In matters of natural knowledge also history givcs us many examples, though usually here loa reli g ion is invoked as an exc use fo r intolerance. Vesalius, an anatomist, was inspecting with the consent of his kinsman, the body of a Spanish nobleman recently dead: the heart gave a feeble palpitation when divided by the knife. Vesalius was denounced to the Inquisition and driven from Italy and died before his return. Sen-ctus, also a physician and anatomist, ,,,as burnt at Gene\'a for his controversial writings, though it must be admitted that these were usually of a th eo logical rather than a scientific character: science and theology, were harder to separate in those days. Bruno, the great Italian philosopher of the Renais anee, was confined for senn years by the Inquisition and finally burnt at the stake. In 1616 Galileo's propositions that the sun is the centrc of the world and that the earth rotates daily \\'e r e characterised by a commission of inquiry as absurd in philosophy and formally heretical because expressly conlrary to holy scripture." By command of the Pope he was admonished not to "hold, teach, or defend" the COI1clemned doctrine. His great book) published 16 years lat cr in 1632, reaffirmed the Copernican principles of the 111liyerse and caused him, in spite of his scYellty years) to he s ummonecl to Rome. Examined under the menace of torLurc, he was condemned to a period of incarceration and, as a penance, to recite once a week for three years the seven penitential psalms. They h ad a sense of humour in those days; I am sure that 1\Ir. Coleridge would COI1demn Lord Knutsford to some worse penalty than that. After all, do not his friends (or are they Dr. Hadwen's?) pray for our in gene.ral and in as. we have their own wntlen testimony to show; whIch IS a mean advantag'e to take if they think that their prayers have any effect. Stephen Paget' death ind eed was claimed by thc anti-vivi ectionists as a direct of prayers: a postcard t.o that was recen 'ed by thIS Society. No doubt mme wIll he 111 clue course. Thc In · Cjuisilion at any rate was more honest: they burnt you if

they could and took the res12onsibility; ,they not try: to commit murd e r, by proxy, VIa the AlmIghty, wIthout !"Isk, moral or mat er ial, to themselves, In more recent tunes than Galileo's, the bitterness and folly evok ed by the controversy over evolution still linger: t here must have b,eell many, Gladstone perhaps among t hem, and certamly several Anglican bishops, who would gladly have burned Mr. Darwin and Professor Huxley at the stake, had not that procedure been out C?f date. There probably respectable church-goers stIP wh? would, WIthout regre t, offer Dr. Barnes as a sacnfice m the same great cause of anti-evolution. And yet, to-day, to the mass of thinking people, it is perfectly inconceivable that was right and Huxley was wrong, and that evolutlOn IS not a fact, whatever its mechanism may have been To be continued.

S.J.A.B. Ov erseas.

NEW ZEALAI D-In the annual report for the St, John Ambulance Association in New Zealand the Chief Commissioner states that the membership has now increased to 1 518 while 1-+ new divisions hav e been formed durin g the yea;. The number of services performed during thc year was 28,523, against 21,629 for the preceding year and 16,139 for 1926. The number of cases attended on sports grounds in the various centr es throughout the Dominion on Saturday, July 21st last, was 593, against 411 for the same day in the previous year, which gives some indication of the Association's activities in connection with sports bodies.

AUCKLAND CENTRE, N.Z.-The annual report of this Ccnt re shows that the S,J.A,B. movement is flourishing, A visit of Sir J. P. Hewett, Bailiff of Egle, and Mrs. St. John Atkinson , Dame of Grace, on behalf of H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught, Grand Prior of the Order, was the most important event of the year under review. Th e Ambulance Station, and members of the various divisions were inspected and an interesting address was given by Sir John Hewett, later.

The First Aid and Home Nursing Lectures were attended by 1,179 pupils.

The District Nurses paid 7,467 visits to patients, assisted at 57 operations and rendered skilled attention to 805 out-patients at the Ambulance Station.

The Ambulance Officers' report shews that 1,279 patients were removed and 10,084 miles travelled. 3, 130 patients were treated at Queen's Wharf and a large number at the Ambulance Station.

A very valuable addition is made to the work carried on for the benefit of those who are sick by the opening of a Medical Comforts Depot, from which bed-rests, bedcradles, and other sick requisites are issued.

Funds have been kept up to the standard, Donations, Street Collections totalling £ 1,105 lOs. 4d.

SOUTH AUSTRALIA DISTRICT.- The annual report of Asst.-Commissioner 1\1r. G. F. Husse y, states that a decided advance was made during 1928. Annual inspections show improvement in drill, both foot and stretcher.

On December lith, Sir John Hewett, who was on a visit, opened new Brigade Headquart e rs.

A Church Parade was held on St. John's Day, when His Excellency the Governor inspected those on parade.

The Triennial Meeting of the Australian Council of S·lA. Associations and Brigades was held in Adelaide the proceedings being opened by the Chief Secretary fa: South Australia.

Finally, the Assistant Commissioner urges the formatio.n of Divisions at various places where at present non e eXlSt.

AID. September, 1929.

First Aid on French Roads. *

By DR. PIERRE BEHAGUE.

( Concluded Jro17Z page 10 ).

INSTRUCTION SECTORS.-The posts are grouped in sectors and each is placed und e r the supervision of a surgeon appointed by the first aid service. This surge on superintends and ensures, i£ ne ,cessary, tl:e .of stretcher-bearers. He does not mtervene 111 hIS capaCIty as a surgeon unless called by the doctor attached to the post. Free choice of the surgeon both by the 111Jured person and by the doctor fir st called to the accident is ther efore fully assured. The surgeons detailed for each sector are, as far as possible, chosen from amo ng hospltal, sta tTs in order that necessitous persons may the more eaSIly receive attention free of charge.

Thanks to an agreement recently concluded betw ecll the Central Committee a £ the French Red Cross and thc U.N.A.T., stretcher-bearers are given instructions in th cn respective sectors by nur ses belonging to the different H,cd Cross organisations. The material supplied by thc U.N.A.T. is placed at the disposal of the Red Cross and handed over to the latt er in retum for a receipt in cas es where auxiliary hospital s are created. The sign-boards and the distress flags which, prior to the agreement with the Red Cross, bore a red cross of five equal squares on a blue ground, now bear a red cross on a white ground as d escribed in the Geneva Convention.

MEDICAL PERSONNEL. - The doctor attached to a po st is, wherever possible, the one residing nearest to the post and he is also the family doctor o£ the person on whos e premises the first aid material is kept. During the last few years, doctors have expe rienced considerable difficul t) in obtaining payment of their fees for attending to inj ur ecl travellers, as the insurance companies take the view that the payment of these fees by their policy holders is tan tamount to an admission of responsibility for the accide nt.

J oint actio n is being taken by the U.N.A.T. and the SUIl Medical in this matter, and it is hoped that a settleme nt of the controversy will soon be reached. The doctor un dertakes to proceed to the scene of an accident as soon as h e is able to do so and immediately on being called by a post in the case of a road accident. He claims payment of his fees directly from the inj ured persons, but will attend to them free of charge if these persons have not suffici ent means to pay.

STRETCHER BEARERS.-The staff attached to a post consists of three persons: a head man, an assistant an d a messenger. The head man never leaves the prem ises. All three should own and know how to ride a bic ycle, or, better still, should hav e a car at their disposal. As soon as they rec e iv e notification of an accident, the party proceeds to the spot indicated; the head man carrying the first aid outfit, the assistant carrying the stretcher (which can be fixed, if necessary, to the frame of a bicycle), while the messenger carries the third part of the equipment e num erated above. Immedi ate ly on arrival at the scene of the accident, the messenger fixe s the distress flag in a conspicuous spot on the road, on one of the cars involved, on a tree, etc. ; this flag is a veritable S.O.S. and a call for help which nobody, especially CL mem bel' of the medical profession, could possibly ign orc.

If the injur ed person is conscious, the stretcher bearer asks him whether he wishes to choose a doctor (from the 1ist given on the small board); if he is not in a fit condition to choose a doctor, the doctor attached to the post is summoned. In either case, it is the duty of the messenge r to call the doctor as rapidly as possible by telephone or other-

* Reptinted fH m The World's Health.

September, 1929 . F IR S T

wise to explain the circumstances of the accident to him allJ to secure his services. He then places himseJ£ at the Jisposal 01 the doctor {or urgent errands such as the finclino' 01 means 01 transport, a chcm,ist, surgeon, etc

b The stretcher-bearer and his assistant devot e their attention to the arrest of haemorrhage, to shielding the injured person hom the wind or rain, to dressing wounds and burns, to the binding of fractured, dislocated or sprained limbs, pending the arrival of the doctor. As soon as the latter arrives, the rol e of the first-aid post comes to an end. The doctor may, of course, still require the services of the stretcher-bearer and equipment of the post, but he \\'i11 utilis e these on his own responsibility in the sense tbat he will charge the patient with the expense enta'lcd, for the free assistance rend e red by the first aid post terminates with the arrival of the doctor.

With a view to making good t he hours of work sacrificed by first aid workers in attending to persons injured in road accidents, the U.N.A.T. allows, for each call, the SUIll 01 15 francs, plus a bonus which varies according to the d istance be twee n the post and the scene of the accident, if this distance exceeds 500 metres; this bonus is calculated at 5 francs for distances b etween 500 and 1,000 metres, and at la, 15 and 20 francs for distan ces of 1 to 2, 2 to 3 and over 3 kilometres respectively.

Fina lly, diplomas and bronze or silver medals are pr esented to the doctors who have distinguished themselycs in th is class or \"-:ork and to the stretcher-bearers for long scrnce a nd merit. All members of th e medical and sur(rical staff ancl the st retch e r -beare rs will rec e ive complicopies of a j oumal shortly to b c published by the U.N.A.T. for their information.

TRAVELLI "e FIRST-AID CORPS.-l. First Aid Boxes

((lid Road Patrols, In July, 1928, the U.N.A.T. was instrumenta l in ur ging the leading automobile firms to present the War :VIinistry with six cars for patrolling the roads by the police. The Touring Club immediately decided to equip the e cars with a first aid box more complete than (hose supplied to the posts and which would not be issu ed to the policemen until these have attended an elementary theore tical course of instruction and one practical demonstration

Thanks to the police authorities it has been possible to call a meeting of these road patrols at the offices of the TOl/ring Clllb and to give them a lect ur c on the theory of first aid to the inj ur ed. Tests are subsequently held at the \'ario us police stations with a view to ascertaining- whether the lect ur es have been properly understood and \vhether the men a r e qualified to dress wounds, attend to the inj ured, and even to g ive intramuscular inj ections. The first aid boxes are not issu ed to the men until these tests llaye b ee n passe d. The box, which is of enamelled sheet-iron Illcas urin g 50 ems. by 25 cms. by 15 cms., contains, under ind elible figures (which correspond to those marked on the same articles to be found in the outfits supplied to the first aid posts): four folding splints for fractures, one haem ostatic bandage, thrce strips of gauze, two packets of COttOll\\n()l (125 gms,), fiye singlc two ordinary dressings of French Army pattern, one lar ere dressing oj same patt e rn, fOLlr plaited straps, olle dozen safetypins, six phials of ether, six phials of camphor oil, six of ethyl alcohol, six of ti ncture of iodine, one hypodermic syringe, one bottle o£ ether, one bottle conta ining a solution of antipyrin, one bottle of oil for burns, one of Melissa spirit, one of distilled water, some suga r, a cup and solidified spirit lamp. This outfit also !ncludes a distress flag;, a book of form for the requisitio,nlIlg of material and the necessary envelopes. The materIal to be found in these boxes can be replac ed in exactly the same manner as the first aid outfits, the articles of which arc. moreover, practically identical. Instruction in first aid \\ Ii I, ill future, be given under the eli of the Red Cross Societies, a handboo k be ing supplIed to each corps

AID . 69

and a short list of th e articles and directions for use being pasted inside the box.

The police road pairol cars haye a lr eady tra\'clled 104,000 kilometres but, up to the present, none of them has had occasion to use its first a id box, in spite of the fact that these patrols are on duty at the dangerous spots of the roads. The fear of the police is certainly the beginning of \\'isdom and the sight of a uniform is a far better incitement to prudenc e than thc sign-boards which indicate the existence of a first aid post. This alone prons the utility of poli ce patrols for the roads and is decidedly to the credit of this institution, whose educational rather tban preventi\'e role has been so well under stood by those in whose hands it was placed.

In addition to the police cars used in patrolling the ,'oads, about 500 motor-cycles with side-cars and other motor vehicles have been placed at the disposal of these brigades. It may t herefore be said that each police corps a utomatically becomes a first aid post. In any case, the preliminary enquiries that have to be carried out in connection with an accident and which so often lead to interminable law SUlts must be made in the pre ence of a police official. For this reason, the U, T,A.T. is endeavouring to collect the sums required for equiping the motor \chicles belonging to the XIIIth Division of the \\ ar l\Iinistry with first aid outfits; they could then be called to render assistance in connectiol1 with various disasters pending the arrival of a doctor, 'w ho can ah\"a ys rapidly be found by the local police. The supplying of these first aid equipments will unfortunately take some time, for the help received in creating the posts will, for obvious reasons, be less easily obtained for the acquisition of cars.

EMERGENCY WALLETS FOR ROAD TRxn:LLERs.-A number of tourists wish to carry in their car 3 a small \',allct, a lmost im'isible so as not to be an omen of misfortune, containing nevertheless all the material required for thc'dre'sing of wounds, scratches and cuts to which persons attending to their engines, etc. are frequently subject. The TOl/riii/} Clllb has therefore devised a small emergency \\"allet containing a handage, a little iodine, a small packet of cotton-wool, a fe\\' tablets of aspirin, potassium chlorale or bicarbonate of lim e, a small bottle of 1\lelissa spirit or ethcr for dressing minor wounds, the eas in g of pain, etc. These articles are of standard pattern and can be replaced by means of the book [)fe\'iously · entiOl'ed.

At the pre cnt moment, .arrangements are being made for the ins ta llati on of 895 posts on the Fr : nch rl ads, but it is h oped to increase this number at the rate pf l.000 per annum. Seyeral ot h er countries ha\'e already or or are organising simi lar first aid post and the S\anchng Committee on Road Traffic of the League of Natill1lS het taken up the qu estion

The recent se\"erc fires ha\'e emphasised the lleL'C: : sil)" for really efficient "First .-\id" fin. protection. Such essential protection of life and property is afforded by the well-knowll "Antifyre" Pis tole Extinguisher, which has been installed by le a din!.,: corporation, firms, ho pitab-, institutions, etc., in the count ry , as \Yell as Illany pri\ale hou es. The particular ad\ antages of this extinguisher O\'cr the other types of extinguisher are it s cxtreme portabi ity, non-deterioration, ab.sol (e to lll.achinery and user. It contains no hqUld and gl\'es 011 IW u'a 'es and can be re-charged instantly. It is clail1led that Jle " -\.ntifyre" Pistol e will extinguish /n olle second a 20 ft. fire of pe'trol or other highly dangerou s substance Another particular feature of this extinguisher is that relills are supplied free, ,,,hen u ed on an actual outbrea!.;: of This extinguisher is moderately priceel at 37s 6el., 1I1cludll1g 2 and brackets. The.rc are a lso specml models for motorists and coml1lercial vehicles.

Red Cross Branch lVews.

SUFFOLK The importance of the of the Suffolk branch of the British Reel Cros: SOcIety wa.s emphasised at the annual meeting of the Grand CouncIl of the branch, held at the County Hall, Ipsvnch, Thursday, August 22nc!. Lady Leucha Warner presIded, anel the necessity for increased supporL was brought to the notice of the members by the County DIrector (Mr. J. l\IaiLland vVilsol1, CB.E.).

In her presidential address, Lady Warner said that the county competitions were very ll1terestlng, and the Ixworth women's team anel the Southwold men's Leam v,ent to Chelmsford to compete in the inter-county competition. Southwold won and went to London for the final of the Stanley Shield, but ",,,ere unsuccessful. They were a young team, and the competition was very severe.

The annual report of the Executive Committee to the Grand Council which was proposed for adoption by the County Directo'r, showed that there had been increases in the number of the divisions and in the number of members. vVoodhridge had thoroughly established itself and the Thetford Division had had classes, and they were hoping soon to register either a detachment or a section of a detachment in that division. The motor-ambulance service showed g reat progress. In 1928 the Bury ambulance carried 49-+ patients, and travelled 9,210 miles, and the Low estoft ambulance carried 611 patients, and travelled 5,163 miles. An unfortunate feature was tllat lhe expens('s for the year had exceeded the income by £176 lOs. The deficit had been caused, stated Mr. Maitland Wilson, by extra expendit ur e on motor-ambulances stationed at Bury, on competitions, and on various detachments.

The report was adopted.

The Assistant County Director and Secretary of the Suffolk branch (Mrs Harold Shann, O.B.E.), said that although the county competitions had increased in size, they were anxious to have as many teams in as possible. So far there was a possibility of ten teams from the women's detachments, and seven from the men. There would be no competition for probationers this year.

A hearty vote of thanks was accorded Lady Leucha \Varn e r for presiding- and for her interest in Red Cross work, on the proposition of Lady Owen-Mackenzie and l\1aj or-General Sir Francis Treherne.

VOLUNTARY AID DETACIIMENTs.-The following Voluntary Aid Detachments (which arc under the Commandants named) have been registered at the War Office :Kent (No. 19-1-), Miss A. C Bayley, and Lancashire, East ( o. 308), 1\Iiss E. Chadderton, organised by the Order of St. John of Jerusalem; odolk (No. 43), Mr. H. Wayte, Sussex (No. 198), Mrs E. Clark, Yorkshire, orth Riding- ( o. 8-1-), Miss E. A. Gent, organised by the British Red Cross Society; and Midlothian (No. 22), 1\lrs. D. Dawson, and Sutherland (No.2), Mrs E. C Robichaud, organised by the British Red Cross Society (Scottish Branch).

The following detachments hav e received official reco gnition by the War Office under the new scheme :_ Lancashire, East (No. 290) , Dr. ora Mills, and Surrey ( o. 116), 1\Iiss A. H. Smith, organised by the Order of SL John of Jerusalem; Cardiganshire (No.6), Miss E. G. Evans, Lancashire, East ( o. 188), Mrs. S. E. Nield, County of London (No. 37), Mr H. J. Herbert, odo lk (I o. 3), Col. C R. Newman, Norfolk (No.5),

i\lr. 1\1. Thursby, Norfolk (No 36), Dr. Marguerite R. Marshall, To rfolk ( o . 102),. Miss E. P. Boughey, Ru tland (No. -1-) , Miss M. CodrIngton, Somerset (No 10), Miss M. K. Taylor, Sussex (No. 46), Mrs. S. Watn ey, and Wiltshire (No.4), Mrs. C Burton, orgal11sed by the British Red Cross Society; and County of Aberdeen. ( No . 28), Mrs. L. Geddes, (No.3), lV!r. J. WIls on, Dundee (No.2), Miss A. J. WIer, CIty of Glasgow ( No. 12), Miss D. C Milligan, City of Glasgow (No 18), Mrs. R. S. Dewar, and K111ross (No.6), Mrs. B. D. H.lChards on, organi eel by the British Red Cross SOCIety (Scott Ish Branch)

ISLE OF W IGIIT. - A meeting of the executive of the British Red Cross Society in the Isle of Wight was h eld at the Guildhall, Newport, on Tuesday, September 3rd, when Mr. G. F. Quinton, T.C, presided.

The report of the Hon. Treasurer showed a balan ce in ll and of £353.

The County Director, Major-General Sir Guise-GUl se Moores, K.CB., stated that the annual camp prayed a great success. He mentioned that lecturers th e r e from all parts of the south of England, and theIr efforts were greatly appreciated. In fact, he had been asked 1£ some of the lectures could not be printed.

He was glad of that opportunity to acknowledge the services of the staff, among' whom wa.s W who had shown ureal powers of organIsatIOn, also Col. vVest, D.S.O., the Staff Officer. The General went on to state that elaborate arrangements had been made to render first aid in connection with the Schnei der Trophy contest.

The Chairman said they had been very successtul 111 their Flag Day collections.. The ladies who organised the collections and the ladles who collected the money deserved their heart-felt thanks. The results were re ally wonderful. The amounts were: Mrs. Perrott, R yele, £100 5s. 7el.; Miss IIayles, Shanklin, £96; Mrs. F E. Whitcher, Newport £87 2s 8d.; Hon. Mrs Seely, MISS Emily Seely, and 1\liss Waistell, West Wight, £66 12s. gel. The Chairman moved a vote of thanks to the lady organisers and to the lady collectors, and Mr. F. L. Watkins seconded.

Mrs Barton (East Cowes) spoke in of the OTeat services rendered by General SIr GUlse-GUlse Moore: to the Red Cross movement in the Island.

The next camp is from May 26th to June 12th, 19 30. Arangemcnts were made for the annual meetmg and for the distribution of certificate and medals at Osbor ne House by the President, H.R.H. Princess Beatrice, towa rds the end of the month.

A new motor-amhulance for the [sIc of Wig ht bra nch of the British Red Cross Society was dedicated at Carisbrooke Castle yesterday afternoon. H.R.IL Princess Beatrice was attended by Sir Victor Corkran, CV.O., and Miss Bulteel, and there were also present Lady Se ely, the Hon. Mabel Gough Calthorpe, Mrs. Sta rk ey, and Mrs. White-Popham, and Sir Guise-Guise Moores, K.C: B., CM.G., County Director of the British Red Cross SOCl ety in the LW., Lady Guise-Guise Moores, Col. West, D.S. O the Mayor and Mayoress of Newport (Councillor H. W. Horan), and Miss Daw so n Horan, Captain H. G. Adam sConnor, CV.O., Mr. F. L. Watkins (Commandant of the Men's V.A.D.), Mrs. Hickman-Morgan, Mr. Tillett, Mrs. West, Mr. A. Barrett, J.P., Lady Floyd, Miss E. SmI th,

Septem ber, FIRST

Mr. and Mrs. G. A. Brannan, Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Harvey, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Chevertoll, Mrs. Barton (East Cowes), Mr. S. W. Ibbotson, Dr. J endwine, Mr. and Mrs. W. Guy, and others. Miss Ivy Seely represented the West WiO'ht Detachment in the absence of Miss Waistell and Mi;s Life.

Major-General Sir Guise-Guise Moores said the old ambulance had dOlle its work wel l, and had been used from the beginning of the war to the end on Flander's poppyfields and the Plains of Picardy. They now required a new one, and it was largely due to the energy and initiative of Mrs. Whitcher, v ice-President of th e Newport branch of the Red Cross Society, that tlley had g'ot i t. Mrs. Whitcher 11;1(.1 collected just over £400 from many friends in teres ted in ambulance work.

Princess Beatrice said, "I am pleased to accept this ambulance on behalf of the I.W. Branch of the British Red C ross Society, and I now declare it ready for the usc of the public."

The Vicar of Carisbrooke, the Rev. H. S. Footman, M.A., R.D., and Chaplain at the Church of St. Nicholas within the Castle, read a dedicatory prayer.

The Mayor of Newport said he regard ed it as a great privilege to move the vote of thanks to all those who had assisted in obtaining the new ambulance. He thou g ht Mrs. Whitcher had worked wonderfully well, and t hey were certainly greatly ind e bted to h e r. His Worship th a nk ed the P rinc ess [or her gracious inter est in the ·work.

fetters to the

We are in no war responsible for the (lj inions or the statements by Correspondents. - EDITOR.

THE S.J.A.B. REPORT FOR 1929

DEAR SIR,-

\ few remarks seem to be called for on the excellent sumllla ry of the Brigade in 1928, published in FIRST AID for August

T here are now 1,68+ Divisions with 51,631 members: 'work is done a lm ost vvithout exception very well in meeting urgent public and private needs: Public Officers and the Press show genuine respect and appreciat ion-what more is to be so ught?

The [-ep y must be-" Members!" The membership is barely over one in a thousand of the population. Is this a of lack of education and local interest? The answer must be-" TO!" For of those 'who qualify as holders of a certificate not one in four join the Brigade and not one in two of those who are perfectly free, excluding Police, R oad Scouts, Firemen and such, who take tile certificate as a s id e li m' in other ca llin gs. Th ese figures are the result of much researc h among organisers of recent Instl-uctional Classes.

To get more members and more perfect articu lation pro uli/dale /zom/lZuJIl t h e first need is more c1as es of instruction wi th mo'-e and mOI-e co-operation v\-ith the Assoc iat ion in pl ace of the old si ll y mutual jealousy which till recently has di sfig ured Brigade life from the outset, too often lowering th e pos ition of the S.].A.A. befol-e the local public. Application of Tennyson's words in "The Princess" would be re paid:

" The woman's ca u se is man's: Th ey rise or sink, together, Dwarfed or god lik e, bond or free."

And the Brigade can never prosper in snubb in g t he Associati on; but having caught the h are by gett in g the qualified po ssi ble recruit, the next process is to cook it, and assuredly th e Devil se nd s too lllall Y cooks to spoi l the Brigade h are soup.

Nothing wOllld be of more serv i e than for a Press organ

such as FIRST AID to address a questionnaire to class secretaries (male and female) for a return of the proportion of their qualified can did ates who decline to sign the form "Willing to join S.]. A. B." and the reasons they give for declining, with, if possible, similar data for those who sign and do not fu lfil the intention.

One repeated experience seems most critical in this respect. The Red Cross organisation is essentially an Army Auxiliary body, basing on Dunant; and those who like Army conditions drift that way. The White Cross organisation is essentia ll y civilian, with routine duties more like postmen s' than soldiers', and touching on warfare chieOy through its Corps d'eliLe, the Royal Navy Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve. The Saint J ohn man and even more the possible recruit is essentially anti -mili tarist, disliking Army ranks, discipline, and methods; with so far as he is a warrior an equally keen appreciation of the Navy, its work and conditions. Th ese feelings are heartily reciprocated. A \.var memory is of a St. ] ohn medal man set to peel potatoes in a Milit a ry H ospital by order of a "regular" R.A.M.C. so ldier just dismissed his drills; whereas Admiral Sir Arthur May said he was sick with fright at first on putting a St. John S. B. R. man in sole medical charge of a small craft, but later when he had found the White Cross never let the Royal Navy down, his trouble was that he had never enough Brigade men to give his workers the rest and" shore liberty" they needed.

All this being admitted, the question arises-\.\ hat doe s the Brigade look like to a thoughtful candidate, gett ing (or who has got) the certificate? To some, a good thing. They join up and do something more than mak e up wastage. To others-they see officers dre ssed as Army Officers, sa \'e for co l our of cloth; they find the less e r hierar c hy-Se rg ea ntMajor, Staff Sergeant (not senior sergeant, as once, but assimilated to R.A. M.C. from Police), Sergeants, a nd Corporals, perhaps Lance-Corporals-all with army badges ancl uniforms as well as titles. Their own unif orm is a close copy of a private soldier'S, with the filthy high collar inh erited by the Army from days when the so ldier wa s a , hirtless drunkarJ (unless they are drivers who like Police transport men wear a decent shirt, tie and collar, as do modern Postmen) and not designed for a mbulance efficiency. " Channels of communication" al-e copied from R.A. I.e. textbooks, and if they join a St. John V.A.D. "to sen'e with the Royal Navy, Army, or Air Force" they find it is run by the Territorial Army Office and no link " ith the R oyal av)' or Air Force exists There is a constant assimilation of the St. J ohn recruit to the R.A. M. e. recruit owing to the most simple cause : a very large proportion of the c hi ef men in the " nerve centres" are not civilians or aval medical men but Army medical men with a lifetime of training in conditions where the anti-militarist humanitarian and the love of the Royal Navy life are alike ab urd.

It i _ now a long time since Belgrave Ninnis ordered that any St. John man joining a Territorial unit should loss of a ll service toward grant of medal, and the ",heel has \\'un n- half circle! But in the R.N .A.S.B.R. he left u our de\·oted mutual affection, and a his to ric link with the White Cross lords of the sea in Rhodes and T\Ialta. A lot less of this Arm\' busine ss - buttons , belts, sen'ice caps, corporals, chevrons, platoon drill - might bring in more of our British anti-militarists than the one p r thousand who now bear the White Cross : assuredly it would make the Brio'a de look from the viewpoint of the Illan in the street mu ch what the historic Order and the officials at "the Gate" look from the the viewpoint of those above and less lik e a two-faced imperial eagle; and it might clear the \Y ay to a broad and friendly pl.arming of needs by which the B.R.e.S. would prm lde the medical resen 'e for the Army and the S.l.A. B. pro\ id e adequate \Yorld w!de local medical resen'es for the Royal Na\'y and the Royal Air Force on the lines a lready so nobly begun.

CRUX CANDIPA,

RE N.C.O.'S EXAMINATION.

D EAR SIR, - 1 II

Allow me a sma ll s pa ce in th e colul11ns. of your ua) e journal, please, for t h e purpos e of m y on " R anker's" suggest ion of annual examll1atlOn on dl ill for I\. e. O .'s. I b I f ' 1 t Wh il e ap prec iat in g hi s 111 t1 e 8. ove,. al. obsen'e wh ere a ny u sef ul purpose ",111 be se rn ? b): Il11pO Sll1g his u ggest io n I co n c ur there is Illu c h lac kJl1g In of N' eO's But wIlY this attack 011 the N. e. O. whde one our J. I' ffi' t? Then can observc m e mb ers of hlg-h e r ra n z, lIl e Clen agai n , I 'wo uld R an k e r" w e are H, PU,blt c Sen icc a nd not a mIlitary body, to I e ts on ti l It I g' h I (l"'rec we s h ou ld h ave as mudl dnll as pOS Sibl e rl lOU , 'h I I I' I s injury to ou r knowledge of a m.bu v"or z \V ll C 1 L J11oc;t essent ia in this wonderful orga nI sa tIOn.

" Ranker" s h o uld realise this i a vo lun ta ry l ion and that alt h o Ll g' h 111 a nyof us h a : 'e h a d a rmy trallllng, \y e do not wi s h to use a rm y methods; If we d o , w e SOO I1 find ou r members fa il ing to turn up o n pract ice nigh ts " Bi s toury" h as rcrninded u on what ha omitted a nd I think if " R a nk e r" would hav e ?,l\'e n a pau se h e would find much room for improvement 111 the rank of o rfi cer.

!\Ian\' .C.O.'s are far more a d\'a nced than of our ofl1cers i;l their O't'nera l knowledge, but what me most, is, that obsen'e n?i ,- idua ls. creep 1I1to officers' uniform, and abO\'e a ll a re offic laU ), a ppoin te d, v, h o ha\' e had very little expcrience in amb ul a n ce work; therefore what ca n " Ranker" expect from t h e N.C. O. ? Some of-ficers.ll a\-e got the ir e it he r by h oo k or beca,use It h as heen their amb it ion to be of-fice r s a nd It IS most. s ll ; h indi v idu als h ave had much less ex per ie n ce than their C: O. s Sometimes an error of judgment is m a d e in the sel ectIO n of officers and I ,,'o uld s u ggest that no m em ber s hould be selected unl ess he has had a wide ex per ie n ce in a mbul a nc e \York. .J d Th en, again, we a so observe officers o n Churcl: 1 anI es and Drum Il ead Sen-ices, ca rr y in g- ca n es or st ic k s, etc Onl\, recentl\, I obserye d o n e officer with white g loves hun g o\-e; Sam B'ro\\,ne an d a trinket s h o win g from left breas t pocket. All these are irr eg ul a ri ties and it would look. better if such office rs would o bse n -e t h e General R eg ul atIO ns a li tt le more and set a better exa mpl e . Th e r e is a lso a noth e r matter. How many Sam Brownes d o w e ohserve t h at n eed a clean up? On one par::J.de I act u a lly o bse ryed an officer checking' men for dirty belts, but hi s o wn required a cl ea n up! After the dismiss, COl11.me nt s came from the R a nk a nd File and can you wonder? Th erefo r e I would s ugge st to " Ranke r,» that he wants to look before h e l ea ps and attack those who shou ld sho'w a better exa mpl E', then we ca n get on with the drill.

In co n clu s io n, I hop e to see so m e impro ve m e nt in th e se lect io n of o nl cers, who s h o uld b e exper ic n ced ambulance 111('n. - Yours fait h fully , e. GRAY.

Di v. Sup t., W a k efie ld Di v is ion.

D EAR SIR,R e t h e above, know of two cases wh e r e N.e.O.' s examinat ions were a farce; one, a priv ate put through for ?\. co rp o r a l \yith o uj· a n yon e e lse h ay ing a chance, a nd .thc secon d two privates gO ll1 g throu g h for corporal, one b e ing in the room whilE" the other ,\' as exa min ed. N at urally th e one who stayed in the 1'00111 got prom ote d. Wh e n they get t h e str ip es Lh ey never bother.

I think a ll , .e. O.' s a nd office r s s hould b e exa min e d eac h year, apart from the a nnual r e-exa mination, for efficiency to h o ld the ir positions. (Ki s ing goes by favour so m et im es in the S.J.A.B.). Yours, etc ., 20 YEAHS PHI\ 'ATE,

A I D. September, 1929.

Home Service Ambulance Committee.

Tl IE last quarterly report of the above is to h and. On J une 30th there w e re 277 a mbulance 111 th e co untry a nd 72 a ffiliated stat ion s, mak in g a total of ,H9. Pati e nt s carri ed during the last quarter number ed 27,-+81, brin g in g th e t ota l number up to 789,820.

Ovving to the a rowth and ex pansIOn of the H 01l1e' Service, tile Committee h ave been co mp e ll ed to limit the a id given in reg a rd to he of wom- out ambulances. It is, however, very p leaSing" to not e h ow readi ly those living in t he by th e a mhul ances have come forward to assist 111 prO\ ldll1g- th e cost of llew ca rs. The report al so sta te s that owing- to t h e wid es pr:'acl u se of motor ambulances, motor m a nuf ac tur e r s are paying mor e attention to this s id e of the bu s in ess Th e a mbul ance th at eliminates all road s ho c k s is yet to be a!thou g-h the use of air mattre sses minimi ses s ho c k and Vibr a ti on.

There has also b ee n a m a rked incre ase in the nu mber of First Aid T e nts and Boxes pl ace d o n the road s id e.

Exp e rien ce gained in the past two years h a p.r O\'ldecl u se ful information as to the bp s t m ea n s of nut roadside work , a nd ha s m a d e po ss ibl e a ce rt a ll: amount of sta ndardisation of hut s and box es and their

Th e Ro a d ServIc e h as prov ed a 111 0st \'a lu ab le auxiliary in pr o motin g the id eals 011 wbi c h the H o m e A mhu lance' Sen ce wa s founded.

Hygienic Lecture Board.

A IIYGIENI C and labour-s av in g board h as bc('n co n st ru cted by Me ss rs , J. Hald e n & Co., Ltd., 8, Albert-square,. 1\1 anc1,lcster, to the specifications of Dr. S. T. B eggs, M ed ica l OOleer of H ealth, Middleton.

Th e objection to the ordinary bl ac kb oa rd frol :l. a h yg ienic point of v ie w is ev id e nt, and t h e co n s tan t of lecture note s i s a w aste of time. In the case of stereotyped lectures wh e r e th e s ubj ect m atter i.s r e peated day after da y, the " Hygi en ic " L ect ur e B oa rd s m ean" an e normous sav ing of time Th e writin g is don e o n. th e p.aper against a wooden bac k gro und, a nd a .th e pa pe.r UIJO n it is roll e d in a n up a nd d o wn or Sid e to Sid e dire ctIOn as r e quir ed.

Special bl ac k o r coloured crayo ll s are u sed whlcl; d o not so il the s urfa ce of the pa per when r o Ilin g and r e - ro lltn g.

Th e special m atte r b e printe d an d attac h e d to t he pap e r if requir ed, and dia g r a ms in co lo ur s.

As the lect ur e is co 111 pl eted 1t roll e d and r e-roll ed as r e quired, to bring into v iew any particular it en: of int erest.

The apparatus ca n b e fixed to th e w a ll 111 co ll eges or sc hools or s upplied in portable form.

Roll s of pap e r ca n be s uppli ed In Icl; gth by 30 inches wide, so that there i s an.ple wrIting m ate nal for the longest lect ur e o r series of lecture s,

R ea dt r s in te rested in this board ma y o btain illu strated details from the m a nufa c turer s as above.

The Bwlch D e tachm e nt of the V.A. D. were 011 duty at the Breconshire Show h e ld On S e pt. 7 t h.

:3 EO:

The flag day held at Cromer on Thurs d ay , August 2? th, in aid of the S.J A. B. a nd th e R ed Cr oss, rea lIsed £35 iSs. 4d.

Does your colleague read F IRST AID , if not, send us hi s addres s and w , will po s t h im a copy ,

Our Nurs es ' P ag es.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE

Cl asses in first aid) to be followed hy a course in homc nur s ing, a r c now being arranged by the SL J oh n Ambulance Association. Particulars of two are to hanc!.

The first app li es to London . A course of lectur es in first aid for women is to be given at the Eccleston Guild HOL1se on commencing October 1st) at 7 p.m. Any Dl\TJSlOn having prospectiYe memlJers are in" ited to send such ladies along for instruction.

Rothe rh am _ ursing Division is hoping to gain many 11(;\\ members at the end of a series of lectures which commenced at Whcatram House) College Road) on Septemher 3rd. The l ecturer is Dr. E. A. Coldrey. Up to Christmas) instruction will be given in first aid only. The subject for t h e n ext co ur se) wh i ch will be given in the New Year) will be home nursing.

Tllis Division) which was formed five years ago, now has 25 members) and its officers are hoping t hat it will soon he much larger so that it can extend its actiyities

No 1 DISTRICT, CE TR,\L ARE:\.--It is with great regret that we l ea rn t hat the Assistant Commissioner in charge of the Area) Dr. N CorlJet Fletcher) has been granted two months' rest from his work in the Area OIvin'Y to ill- health. The amount of work he has managed get through 11as long been a source of wonder to thos e who know him. All Nursing Divisions in the Area \\Jill join .in \;"jshing him a speedy and complete recm'ery) and a (!ulck return to tb e \\ ork he loyes so welL iI'1iss \ Valker, the.' Lady District Officer) will deal with all matte r s conccrning Nursing Divisions during his enforced absence.

Members of Nursing Divisions in Central Area are again to have an opportunity of visiting the London HospitalMedical College on Saturday afternoon, October 12th. Those w h o have already spent an afternoon there) will no doubt look forward to repeating t h eir former eXperience Ambulance Officer W. J. Harris is such a splendid l ecturer) anci spares himself no trouble if in any \\ ay he can help hi s fello\\' members of the Brio'ade i;l their quest for kno\\ ledge. b

No 5 Nursing Division has recently sustained tb e loss of a valuab l e memher by the death of Mrs. Bennett. For years she h as taught fir t aid to the Reckenham Bm' Scouts, and on ly j L1 s t prior to h e r death was arranging' a cou rse of instruction in t h e subject to g'ive them dmino' the coming winter. S h e wi ll be yery mi sed by troop as well as by the Division.

No .4 DrsTRIcT.- N e l so n (La n cs) held its Annual Competitions on August 17 t h ) in the Ambulance Hall. Among the events was the I ndivid u a l Competition open to memhers of all ursing Divisions. There were 16 ent r ants, and the contest was a very keen one The judges were Dr. Sykes, o ral; Dr. ] ackson, practical; and N urs e M. A. Paterson, b edma kin g.

Miss McConnan) Southport, v,las the winner 'w ith I-J.-J. points , she t hu s gaining the Mary \ Ali lk inson Rose Bowl. Mrs Hackett, Kendall) was placed second with 140 points, and M r s Greenbank, Kend a ll) third) with 13 9 points.

The Com mis s ion e r of the District) Co l. Trimhle, kindly pr ese nted the trophie and prizes at t h e end of the tests.

UASTINGS.--Dr. Gerald Ticehurst gave a l antern l ec-

ture at the Wellington Square L ecture Hall on Thursday, the 5th in t.) during the cou r se of which he traced the history of the Red C r oss movement from its inception by qenri Dunart in 1864 to the present day

The British Society was formed in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian \iVar) and has done \'aluable work in war time and peace eve r since. Many countries to-day have their own organisations) and are carrying on ""ith the work of alle\'iating sufferi n g After the Great War, a League of R ed Cross Societies was form ed with Paris as its headquarters Up to the present t ime 50 national societies have joined.

The lecture was we ll attended) many members of the local branch being present. At the close ) a hearty yote of thanks was accorded to Dr. Ticehurst on a motion proposed by Commandant Moyse.

SOUTH SHIELDS - The lady members of the South Shields branch of the British Legion have for some time taken a keen interest in ambulance work. On August 26th they helel a Social Evening, during the course of which the i\layoress, l\1rs. J Dunlop, who was accompanied by the l\Iayor, presented certificates to those who had \\'011 them. There were nine recipients of 1st yea r certificates and two of 2nd year ones.

The Honorary Lecturer) Dr. Shepherd) was presented \\"ith a motor foot-rug, and the Class Demonstrator, :\Ir. J R. \\'ats 0 11, with an attache case) as marks of appreciation of their services After a vote of thanks to the Mayor and l\layoress for attending) a variety entertainment occupied the rest of the evening

Cannot the Nursing Divisions in the n eighbourhood gain some new members from this body of women who are evidently very ke en on the work?

BAXK HOLID :\Y DUTIEs.-Of all the duties carried out hy members of t he Brigade, the Bank Holiday ones probably call for more self-sacrifice than any others. \;Vith many fir t aiders) annual holidays are yery short or perhaps of rare occurrence) while some are at work on night duty and yet find time to gi\'e a hand at the Ambulance Station during the clay How few of the general puhlic realise this! Yet these duties are a source of real pleasure to many. For one thing) they are n ea rly always carried out hy the same Di\'isions) so that the members get to know each other, and there is quite a friendly spirit in the Station (Not that this is ever l acking on a public cluty, but there is bound to be more understanding between people who are constantly working together.) Then) too, the Bank Holiday crO'vvds are invariably good humoured if reckless.

It seems to be the correct thing for eyery family, no matter how poor, to go out for the clay on a Bank Holiclay, if only to t Il e nearest Park. \ iVhercnr a crowel ic; lik e ly to collect) t h ere the Brigade endeavours to proYide an Amhulance Station. In some places) the open ten,s are put up for the purpose, eq ui pment being laid out to the hest ach'antage. In others a permanent room is provided, which, of course) is much more com'enient. Where this is t he casc) the members who take duty are able to equip it marc efficien tl y At one such place of amusement t he a uth orities allowed the Divisi ons the use of a large room, which at the time, was in a very dirty state. d int of hard work) cheerfully put in, it has been turned

into a first class station, which can be divided into three rooms by means of curtains, has accom.modatIOn for patients in beds, and has every for keepl11g dressino s and mstruments clean and stenle soon after 9 a m till quite l ate at nIght, the ambulance workers will be kept busy !he r e are bound to be many minor accidents-cuts and an.d sprau:ed ankles, etc Little find a g r eat delIght m runnlD g abo ut) and excitem ent IS responsibl e for many tumbles, when bare arms and legs suffer.. How the?, hate nurse with h e r beastly iodine! SometImes they themse lv es more severely, for littl e bones are easIly bent or broken. A o-ree nsti ck fracture is often hard to detect) but if it is s usp ected, the c hild is made as comfortable possible while awaiting transfer to the nearest doctor or h ospita l. It is by no means only children who need skllled 2.t· tention. There are faints and fits to be to, and cases of sudden illn ess of all sorts To dIagnose the se is often beyond the scope of the first alder's knowled &"C She does what she can to prevent fu rth er harm, waiting to obtain assistance or to .send to a doctor or hospit a l. Where there IS a fair 111 th.e immediate vicinity there are su r e to be a of dents, sometimes of a very se ri ous High splnts, and perhaps a li tt l e more alcohol than IS WIse, lead to reckl essness It was only a few weeks ago that some ambulance men upon to deal with a case of spine, the patient havl11g fallen out of a SW1l1g. A ll throubh the day, eve ryone in the StatIOn must be prepared for any emerge ncy.

Then there are the babies, which the mo t h e rs mus t bring with them. They have to be fed, and it is not uncommOll for an Ambulance Sister to be asked to wa fIll baby's food,. or eve n for permission for mother to co ill(. into the StatIOn to feed hIm.

Another duty which seems to evolve on. the staff of some Ambulance Stations is the care of lost chddren ThIS is not always an easy task, especially when cases com in o- in fast and furious Some youngsters take theI r plight quite philosophically and are prepared to make the best of a bad job. Oth ers scream and fi g h t, call fO.r much tact and patience if they are to be retamed. un tI l the arriYal of their relatives. Some of these chIld r en are obviously " lo st" on purpose. Their parents know that they will be well taken care of) a?d so they lose them quite ea rly in the day,. and mItes spend man y h ou rs in the Ambulance StatIOn waltmg to be called for. This is an abuse of a privilege

The day comes to an end at last) and ambulance workers prepare to depart) tired) but happy 111 the l edge that they have done their little bit for the haPP1l1 ess of thei I' fellow creatures.

V A.D.'s IN THE Hop GARDENS.-V.A.D.'s are a ways busy, whether it be war-time or peace. Th ei r s.ervices, which were found of s uch imm e nse va lu e dunng the war, h aye been given free y during these. l ast 10 in h e lpin g to fight that o-rcat enemy that IS always WIth us-suffering. Thus in hospitals , clinics, and welfare cenLres, in cinemas, theatres and other places of amusement in o-irl o'uide camps at children's outings, and, in fact, there is to be a ne e d, there are they to be found.

For many years at this season, crowds of people have migrated to Kent, there to work in the hop Conditions for these people, who often go down 111 whole families are much improved now to what they were. But even to-day, among such a large number) there are su r e to be accidents and lln esses, which need ski ll ed attention.

In 1923, Miss M. Chenevix-Trench, of the L ondon Branch of the British Red Cross Society, conceived the idea of going to the assistance of the s ick hop - pick er,

A I D. Septembe r , 1929.

vVith a sma ll band of ll e lp e r s, s h e went down .to Kent and pitched tents to act as First Aid Dressing StatIons. Th es,e were an entire Sllccess, and eve r y year SI11CC) the expenment has been repeated. This year she has abC?ut 30 V.A.D.'s with her. As there are abo ut 60 )000 plcke.r s, t hi s is not too arge a number of workers to d.ea l WIth all the emergencies that m ay a ri se Bus1l1ess g ll-l s,. tory gi rl s, society girls) trained nur ses-a ll are wJ!ll11 g to give what help they can, some on ly able to spa r e. a others giv in g up all t h eIr an nu a l hohc1ay m t hI S b o od ca us e. . I To-day, at Tudcley Hale) 111 pace. o f the orig in a l tents) are two tIm ber one of whIch is a permanent struct ur e) and ot h e r IS erected sea on There are other StatIOns at Hunton) Ea st Farleigh, Wa te ringbury, Y.al?ing, and e l sewhe r e. VIlla ge school houses, and halls) CI111I CS, cent.res a nd oth er plac es have be e n taken over f?r the bemg and fit ted up as Dispensaries and Dressmg StatIOns.

Nurses are a lways on the spot ready for any emergency but the Station is open from 10.30 to 1 p. m and from 'S .3 0 to 8.30 p.m. daily. It resembles an ou tpatients dept. of a h osp tal. Minor cases arc dea t WI th on the spot, while more ser ious ones ar.e sent to .the h ospita l. Burns from gipsy. fires) )whlch are lI t. at are frequent. Some of the V.A.D. s m:-Ist be tra1l1ed l1lJClwives, as a birth in the Hop Gardens IS by no unusual. With so much road traffic) many of the themse lves travell n g' that way, the number of aCCIden ts requiring treatment is on the increase.

Th e n there arc the specia l compla1l1ts pecul Iar to the hop-picker-the hopper's eye and hop e r's r ash) due to the powder in the hops; hopp e r's gout) ab.o u t by. the ove r -usc of certain muscles, for allevlatmg wh Ich tram cd masseus es are needed.

Babies and children are a lways in n eed of care, especially when mothers have wo r k. One local l andowner has lent a cow so that httle ones who and sickly can hav e an additional. supp ly of mIlk This ext ra allowance is only now gIven out on product lOll of a milk card, as it was found that w i th ailing babes were in the habit of lending out theIr lIttl e ones .to tlleir friends and thus it was discovered t h at one m Ite was presente'd for. milk by differ en t " mothers)J each tIme dls g Uls e d 111 a clJffererlt wrap.

Anotl1 e r self-appointed task which the V.A.D.'s ca rry out is the taking of a- r efres hm ent harrow roun? the hop fields every morning between 10 and 11 a.m A l)111 y of te a o r cocoa is supplied to the workers for ld and buns fo r each. This kindly act is much apprecIated by the pickers.

This year) a scheme has been mtroduc:ed whereby t)le vo lu ntary worke r s are empowered to ca ll u pon the Jl1 l1rJT1:lrv 'Tec1ical OTlccrs in ca e of need. Thus tIle gTeat w ork tlut th ey h ave clone in h e past h as been official ly r ecogni sed .

The V .A .D.'s do not live a life of ease and lu xury while t lley are performin g these se r vi.ces. They .s l eep 0 11 a camp bed, and t he furnitu r e of thcIr quarters IS of th(, h a rest. An improvised bathroom is a g-reat luxury. Th ey 11 <1Ve to keep their quarters clean themse lves cook their own meals. But they are very h appy at theIr w or k, and do fee l that their l ess fo rtun ate brothers and sist ers are benefittin g b y what is clone for them in this way.

Items (Divisional news and social, interesting duties, lectures, etc.), for this page should be sent to Amb ulance sister, c/o The Eclitor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon St., Lond on, K C.4 ·

Th e a nnu a l Church P ar::t d e of t h e South [ ct ropolitan Gas Co. Corps, S.J.A.B., will h e h e ld o n Sunday, Sept. 22nd, at S1. George's CIH.1rch, W e ll- s tr eet, C::tmbcrwell.

September, 1929.

Sharlston Ambulance Shiela Competition.

ONE of the mo st int eresti.ng co mp et ition s in York s hire took place on Aug u SL 24t h at S h arlstol1, n ear Featherstone, for the S h a rlston and Di st rict Shie ld . Th e resulls s how another notable victory for t h e Primro se Hill (Svvi llin gLon) Colliery team, wh ich, after ca rrying off the g r eat" Wood" trophy of the Yorkshire Co lli eries Ambulance Competitions, won for the first time at vValton a few weeks ago the c up given by Capt. Burnyeat in connection wit h the n e wl\, co n st itut e d Sharlton West Amb ul ance Competition.

Ovving to the in c lemency of the weather, the competitions were held in the SharlsLol1 Counci l School, teams b e ing examine d in diffe r ent class-rooms. Th e entry \.\'as a n excellent o ne, nineteen teams turning out, aga in st fourteen la st ye ar.

In the pl-e li ll1inary t est, the first in eac h section enter the 11nal co nte st, a nd as a r es ult the following four stro ng te ams went forward :- Primro se Hill Collien \ Nheldale Colliery, Barnboro' Main and Bu ll c roft Mai;l' Collieries. Af ter a n intere s Ling contest the fina l pla c ing s were: 1 st, Primrose Hill, 95; 2nd, Bullcroft Main, 92; 3rd, Wheldale Colli e ry, 84; 4th, Barnboro' l ai n, 79.

In di vi dual priz ew inn ers were: 1, A Hin es (Tetley's Brewe ry); 2, H. \iVil son (Barnboro' 1\1 a in); 3, W. Purscg-Io\c (Bullcroft l a in); 4, W 1\ladeley (Water Hai gh).

The tests for Lhe prin c ip a l parL of the competit ion s wcre dra w n up by Dr. W. T. H esse ll, Medical Officer of Health for Pontefract, assi ted by Drs. Finch (F athcrstone), Faircloug h (Feathel-sLone), Fisher (Snydale), and l\lessrs. G Bro oks, W. C. Brooks and \iV. Spence. The adjudicators were Drs Hess e l, Finch a nd Fisller, and 1\1r. Godfrey Broo ks.

Mr. E. J ones officiated as chairman at the distribution of prizes, in the absence of the President (Mr. J. Fairclough), and comp limenLed the teams upon the admirable \\'a)' in ",h lc h they had kept up the standard for the competition

Dr. He se l said thaL [thct tstandard of work done had be en exce llent, and whilst admitting that the llnal test was a domest ic one, h e pointed out how vita ll y necessary it was for cye n a colliery ambulance man to know something abo ut poi so ning. lL wa s essential, he reminded both audie n ce and competitors, that the police sho uld be at once notified in cases of poisoning, and none of the teams taking parL in th e fina test had thought of that important point.

The s hicld and prizcs wcrc handed oYcr by Ir. G. A. Ch arl ton, manager of the Snydale Colliery, who said that manage rs of co lli eries experienced g l- eat difficulties in obtai ni ng ambulance men who knevv their work. It took a go od many " first year men" to make o n e really sound firstaid a mbu lance worker.

Votes of thanks to th e doctors, 1\1r. Charlton, and all conce rned were adopted on the proposition of 1\1r. T. Coles, seconded by Mr. R. Ellis.

l\ ARKING SHEET (FINAL) TEA.i\ T EST

You four ambulance men are sent to a neighbour's house, and on arrival YOLl JJ.nd the wife s haking h er husb an d in hed. Act as you s hould.

Note.-Th c husband is profoundly asleep, and is in deep stupor Lhrough some unknown cause. An empty bottle abelle d " Opium " is stuffed under hi s pillow, after h e had drank the contents.

The wife will a n swe r any questions put to her, and give an yt hing required on reque t.

A ve r y sma ll boy med team wi th a note.

Im mediately proceed to neighbour's house 2

Us e encouraging word to his wife 2

One bearer d ea ls Lactfully with the wife 2

Anothe r bearer looks round for c lu es 2

When the wife i s conso led she is asked wh at has

A I D 75

She replies that b e came to bed after Laking hi s dinn er, buL when s h e tried Lo a'waken him for tea he could n ot be rous e d. '

Examination and treatment of patient.

N otc sLate of breathing (deep and stertoro u s) 2

Smel l hi s breath (, -e ry unusual) 2

Examine pulse (scarcely perceptible) 2

Asks d egree of consciousness (deep st upor) 2

Examine pupils of eyes (\'ery smal l, re-act s o\\' ly ) 2

Examine yom iL and preserve it 2

Reali s ing state of su pected poisoning 4

Send one bearer for doctor imm ediate ly -+

Lookin g round for further c lu es '+

Asks 'wife if he h as had any recent tro uhl e (no) 2

H as he ever threatened s ui c id e (no) 2

Inform ation sent to police i-

;v{ake vigorous attempts to rouse him i-

If unsuccessful, li ft fr0111 bed ... 2

Two bearers walk him round the room 4

Undo tight clothing round the neck and che-.t 2

Try to rouse him st ill further... 2

Flick the face, neck and chest... of-

vVith a wet towel 2

vVh en s uffi ciently aroused doctor inf orms

Asks wife for mustard and salt i-

l

\ S1-::S wife for table . poon and tumhler of-

Asks wife for luk e "'arm waleI' 2

:\l aking an emetic... i-

Testing power of swallowing. 2

:\dmini strating the emetic 2

Previous prepamtion for his "omitting of-

\ sks for I-eceptacle 2

Presen'ing the \'o l11-it 2

Asks for perm. of pOLash 2

'laking of ant id ote, correcL strength i-

\ sks for strong black coffee to be mad e 2

Give freely to patient 2

Allow him to rest, but not sleep -+

The doctor now arrives and a ks the following que tions :

t\o. -+.-\Vhat the matter and what ha"e YOU done?

l erit of i\To. i-'s report on the case 10

Handing of any clues 5

Deli,'e rs \ 'o mit to docLor for inspection 5

No. 3.-vVhat signs are usually present in thi cIa s of poisoning?

Tendency to sleep... 2

De"eloping into stupor and coma 2

Pupils contracted to pill point.. 2

Breathing deep and stertorous 2

Pulse low and ,\'eak 2

No' 2.-To what class of poi on does opium belong, and wh at i s its action upon the sy tcm ?

N arcotics i-

Action upon the nerVOLlS system 2

Through absorption in the blood circulation 2

Eventually carried to the brain 2

Cau ing deep stupor 2

o 1. - \Vhat are the medical 1I .'cs of opiuJ1l preparation?

For the relief of pain -+

For the inducement of sleep -+

Total 150

A street co ll ection in a id of the Hospital Saturday Fund \\'ill be held on Sept. 28Lh in London and suburbs.

Th e Barnet Diyision of the S.J.A. B., under the charge of (\ mbulance Of11cer Vi " Tright, again did duty at the old e. tablislwd Barn et Fair.

Queries and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules ;-

I. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 4 6 , Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4·

2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the ]0urnal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3. - The Textb ook to which reference may be made in these columns is the 38th 1I928) Edition of S.]. A. A. Manual of First Aid.

BLEEDll\'G FROM PADIAR ARCIIES.

\. A. (Paralllatla, N.S.\\,.). - If a person hasase\'ere longitudinal cut in the palm of the hand, which se\'e r ed the Palmar Arches, and from which blood is flowing profusely, ho\\ should we act? A St. J ohn lect ur er tells us to fit a hard, round pad in hand and treat as laid down in Textbook. Another lecturer tells us to nx a splint along bC1.ck of hand and wrist, to apply pad on Pressure Point of Radial a nd Ulnar arteries, fixing these \yith fLgure-of-eight bandage, to dress wound and then to control splints. I shall be grateful for your opinion, and desire to thank you for your Answers to Correspondent s, from \\'hich I learn C1. great deal.

The T ext book. rightly makes no distinction between transverse and longitudinal wounds of palm of hand and, therefore, requires that all ,,-ounds involving Palm ar Arches s hall be treated in the sa l11.e way.

A recent personal experience confirms this decision. Having unsLlccessfully attempted to treat a longitudinal wound in the \\'ay suggested in your query, I re\'er ted to the method of the Textbook throug'h which I obtained immediate control of the hccmorrhage. Twenty-four hours later I released the hand and found that no ill-effect had resulted to the wound. - N. FLETCHER.

EXAMINATION HOWLER.

B.C. (Co\'entry) - In a recent examination a member of our class was a ked what steps 11e would take to contro l bleeding ,, hile dressings "'ere being prepared. To our amazement he replied: up dill/rent squeeze," which seemed to us an unusual way of describing digital pressure. vVe \yonder what you think about it?

Good! Next, please! !-N. C. F.

TREATl\IENT OF BURNS A D SCALDS.

R. N. (v\'annarlwycJd).-In the Ambulance Room of our Steel vVorks "ve are supplied for treatrnent of Burns and Scalds with bottles of Picric Acid, a jar of Boracic Oin tment and packets of Picric Acid gauze. ow, in the 38th Edition of the Textbook we are told to cover Burns with boracic lint, linen or gauze soaked in clean solution of bicarbonate of soda at temperature of 98 degs.

Our doctor advise against soaking boracic lint in bicarbonate of soda solution because this would neutralise the antiseptic value of the boracic acid. Picric Acid is not successful in al l cases treated at our Works.

The Textbook also teaches us to place injured part in bicarbonate solution while suitable dressings are being procured. about extensive bums to trunk?

Please tell us how you would act if you were in our position and hadall these preparations including Bicarbonate of Soda which our Manager ha s arranged to carry in stock.

A I D. September, 1929.

'Vilile I am ready to ans\ver queries, yet I may in no wise intel-fere with the deci s ions of my colleagues, especially .vhen, as in your case, they are oFficially ill charge. YOUI' difficulties, therefore, can only be set tled by the Medical Offi cer of your 'Vorks and s h o uld be placed before him

1 '\'ould, howe\ 'er, point out that you have misr ead the Textbook "hich do es not tell you to oak Boracic lint in hicarbo nat e of soda solution. II says "hnt, hue'lL, nr /(all:::e soaked ,'It clean solu tl'O II etc." Personally I do not lik e that word" clean" and s hould hm 'e preferred-' 'solution of warm, boiled water."

The truth of the matter is that there is no speci dressing for Burns and Scalds, and that diFferent doctors fm 'ou r different methods. I note with interest your tatement about Picric Acid which our Textbook do es not recognise and whi ch I c laim to be unsuitable for use by First Aiders. Boracic ointment pro\'es in 111)' experience to be too tiff, unless dilu ted with equal pal-ts of vaseline.

Bicarbonate of soda solution is certain ly "ery soothing and is chiefly to be recommended because it is nn almost uni\ 'e rsallyavailable remedy and for this reason 1110St lik ely to be useful.

Lastly, und er fm 'o urable conditions Burns of the trunk may be treated by imlllersion in a bath. The Textb ook, how ever, refers to burns of limbs which can u ually and COI1\'eniently be treated in this way. If, ho\\,e\ 'e r, circumstances are unfm 'o urable, then you will carry out the objects of First Aid if you take steps to CO\'er the Burns while dressing s are being prepared. - N.C. F.

BIRTII OF BRIGADE.

B. B. (Birmingham). you please settle a historical dispute? The other day during a discussion on the Birth of the Brigade it was mC1.intained by one of us that the Brigade is really part of the Association. This statement was not accepted by the n1.ajority; and we, therefore, submit the point for your decision.

The statement is absolutely correct. In its Annual Report of 1888 the Central Executive Committee (no\\ called the Ambulance Committee) decided that the various Am bulan ce Corps of the Association which were being formed up and down the country "should bp banded toget/Zer as a B1'igade." Hence the origin of the "St. J ohn Ambulan ce Brigade and the ruling that all members of the Brigad e are ipso facto members of the Association. -N. C. F.

H r'EMO RRllAGE OF THE BRAIN.

R. (Wannarlwydd).-At a recent inquest it was stated that patient waded up to her waist in the sea, thre w up h er hands, and with a scream co ll apsed in the sea; and that death was due to hcemorrhage and laceration of the brain due to congestion of blood vessels.

We would be grateful if you would tell us in wha t way hGemorrhage and laceration of brain would be produced, and whether laceration would be on surface of brain or within brain. Further, the suggest ion was made that a tight bathing cap mig-ht have been a contributory cause of the col lapse, and that the old-fashioned custom of wetting the head imm ediate ly on enter ing the water would have proven useful if it had been adopted in this instance.

W e welcome your com m e nt s on these points, an d we thank you for your most instructive Answer s to Queries each 1110nth.

The case appears to be clearly one where the pC1.ti ent's arteries were diseased and were, consequently, liabl e to burst under the s lightest exert ion. The fact that s h e entered the cold sea water step by step, therefore, produced a change in the circulation, which raised the pressure withll1 the sim ll and caused a large blood vessel to rupture such force that blood poured forth and lacerated the hraln

:1:>0 "Y"OU HN"OMT'?

Sore throats, brUises, colds, colic, diarrhcea, blood polsonino- etc A nE ALL cunEO 'th k II d tard gi t - .," "WI erosene nsee oil, mus di nger, cas or oil, garden beet- rheumatism lind nervous disease with celery-the lemon cures 29 seases-the beetroot ]s used for delayed menstruation - pepper cures the worst attack of ippe.

-S"S\G VOLU OOWN!

for YOl.lng WIVES Young HUSBAN OS PARENTS WOMEN OVER 40 and EVERYBODY OVER 70,000

You can examine the Work at the ad dress given be h)w.

written by eminent Specialists, Physicians and Surgeons, describes in simple language with helpful Coloured Plates and diagrams THE DISEASES OF MEN WOMEN AND CHILDREN, THEIR

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Measles, Mumps How to I{ead Symptoms Infant Welfare

Treating Diseases by Water Sleep, Beds and Bedding, The Expectant Mother

"Herb" noot and Salt Remedies The Eye, the Ear Happy Motherhood

Corns and Warts The Throat Hvmrepalhy

Dieting for Disease The Nose The Cbest Huw to Treat Accidents

Treatments for Beauty The Heart eurastbenia

Physical Culture Tbe Stomacb The Lungs Pleurisy

Exercises for a\l Purposes The Liver Hygiene, Anatomy Pbarmacy

THE YOUNG WIFE Rnd the experienced married woman will find all they want to know made clear.

'Tbe Principles of Nursing nvalid Cookery Sur!!ical Diseases

Brain and Nervous Diseases

Dlseasfs of Old Age

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This .gives, in simpl e language, tbat knowledge our young people need to-cay. This is the information many a good father deSIres to glve hiS son; but he does not know how to set about it.

MOTHERS who wish their daughters to develop naturally will find exact:y the teaching they need.

WOMEN OVER 40 will find their difficulties rel2'arding heallh frankly discmsed

There are hundreds of subjects of value to all. The muscles, teeth, digestion, hair, food values, Ju -Jitsu, phrenolcgy. How to diagnose diseases from appearance of head, face, tongue, throa", chest, perspiration, etc.

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"I h ave gained in each of the 8 test exam= in ations the knowledge of which I attribute to yo ur volumes, I have yet to meet my defeat in Al\IBULANCR EXAMINATIONS."

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tissues. Oth er caLlses might h ave produ ced s imil a r r es ults, s u c h as a s udd e n of tem per or a d as h for tr ai n or bu s I s Ll s pect th at the h ce morrh age took place within the brain h eca u se a pparentl y death took pl ace imm e di ate ly.

T9 EThe fact that app li cat ion of cold w ater to n a r e of neck will 100yer the pr ess ur e within the s kull is wel l known to Fir t Aiders wh o a r e to ld to u se this r e m edy in cases of Bl eedin o- from the ose. Furth er, t h e constriction of a tight-fitting bathing- G1r would interfere se rioLl s ly with s up e rfi c ia l c ir c ul at ion of the head, an d co n sequ e n t ly with the vesse ls within the brain. -

N.C.F

SOUTH

ELMS ALL AND DISTR I CT AMBULANCE

CHALLENGE CUP.-The Fifth Annual Competition will be held on Saturday, October 5th, I929, in the Westfield Lane Schools, South Elmsall. Valuable pri zes for Ist, 2nd and 3rd teams, also best individual. Open to all teams. Entrance fee 6s. per team. All entries must be forwarded on or before October 1st, together with entrance fee. Entry forms can be had from the hon. secretary, J. E. Elwell, 1I8, Oxford-street, South Elmsall, near Doncaster, Yorks. QUESTIONS AND

FILM EXHIBITIONS

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"CAMEOS OF ST. JOHN" AND "THE TOILERS,"

a great human document of MINING LIFE. Ambulance Work In the bowels of th e Earth.

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IIome

AT numerou s inspections this MORE year the in s pecting office r , whi lst FIRST AlD ERS praising those on parade for the WANTED. sm t f h' ar ness 0 t elr turn-out, general efficiency, drills, etc., has emphasised the fact that s till more members are required to join the ranks of the Ambulance Arm y and now is the tim e to get the new recruits. Summer time has finished and the dark evenin as are again with us, which means, to first - a ider;, renewed practise and study of ambulance work With new classes bein g started in most districts , every endeavour should be made to induce one's friends to " come along and spend an instructi v e evening, " which not onl y would help themselves but thp. community at large. Old members drop out for various reasons, and if the ambulance movement is to keep pace with the times, there must not only be a constant, but an ever l'IlCreas'£ng, influx of members

\V'hat is more indicati ve of the need for further extension of first aid knowledae amon a b b the general public than the alarming number of street accidents which are reported in the Press daily? As the number Increases so more men and women are required to deal with them.

It is, therefore, the duty of every first-aider to instil into their friends the urgent need for them to take up first-aid training, and not le ave it to the all too few who da y after day, week in and week out, give time, money and l abo ur, with no other reward than the satisfaction of having done their bit.

If all present ambulance workers put their shoulder to the wheel, a record number of converts will be recorded.

Winter time is "school time, " so start rightaway to increase the ranks of the Ambulance Brigade ,

The Association in Canada.

ViE have read with much interest the 19th Annual Report of the Canadian Branch of the Association, and note with pleasure that a record was established in 1928 for re-examination awards This happy feature of the year's work is recorded with satisfaction because it testifies to the continued interest taken in First Aid and Home Nursing by certificate holders, and is an evidence on the i r part of a wish to become more efficient

In this connection the Bell Telephone Co carries the banner for the years' work, the excess of some 500 certificates and other awards over the previous year being due to special efforts put forth by the Company to provide instruction in First Aid for their employees.

Another interesting feature has been the experiment carried out by the Head Office in the Public Schools at Mountain, South Mountain and Winchester, Ontario; and the Executive Committee is satisfied from their experience with these classes that equally successful results can be obtained all over the Dominion.

Reference is also made in the report to the work of the Council of British Columbia, pointing out that proportionately to the population more persons receive certificates and awards per 100,000 of the population than in any other province.

The Canadian Branch was started in 1895 with headquarters at Toronto; and in five years it recorded 2,159 certificates and other awards. It was revived in 1910 with headquarters at Ottawa; and in the five years ending 1928 it has registered a total 54,727 such awards These results are eminently satisfactory, and must be a source of pride to the General Executive Committee of the Canadian Branch and to the energetic and enthusiastic Director General, Colonel Charles A. Hodgetts, 1\1. D., to whom we offer our cordial congratu lations.

Th e Red Cross Dar collection on September 19th fOISnaresbrook and Wan stead districts realised no less £1. sum than £30 11s. 8d.

Sunday, October 13th, being the 7th anniversary of the death of Surl. Sebright, members of o. 13 King's Cross, G.N.R" o. 1 District, marched from Palmer's Green Station to Southgatc Ccmetery and placed Roral tributes on his graye.

The had been giving a lesson on "Safety First," WIth speCIa l refel-ence to t.ravelling in trains. On seeing a small .boy who looked as If he had not been paying much attention to the lesson, she suddenly asked the question :" And why must we never throw bottles out of a carriage window?" ,\nswer:" Because there's tuppence on them, n1iss."

October, 1929.

Pioneers of Medicine.

CLAUDE BERNAHD (1813 - 1878).

CLAUDE BERNARD is the father of mode rn physiology. Before his time and notwithstandi ng the researches of his master, Magendie, who worked within rather narrow limits, this science of physiology was unknown in the true sense of the word . There were no laboratories worthy of the name and, practically speaking, experimen tal medicine still remained to be created.

Claude Bernard ,vas born on July 13th, 18 13, in the small village of St. Julien, in the depa rtment of the Rhone. The son of a poor family, he was obliged to earn his own living at a very early age, and we first see him working at a low wag e, in one of the suburbs of Lyons, for a chem ist attached to the veterinary college in that town. His work consisted in carrying medicine for the sick animals. These duties, however, did not call for any special intelligence and he had ev ery opportunity to allow his vivid imagination full play.

With a certain amount of success, he produ ce d a play entitled" Rose du Rhone" at a small lo cal theatre. Encouraged by the result of his first attempt, he next wrote a drama and set off fo r Paris in the hope of having it produced there. There he came into contact with the emin en t literary critic St. Marc-Girardin, who, happil y fo r us, succeeded in persuading him to abandon this calling and to take upw the study of medicine.

Claude Bernard followed this advice and, in 1839, i.e . , at the age of 26, he was successful in the difficult competitive examination for hosp ital service. Shortly afterwards, he became a ho us e physician at the HOtel Dz'eu under Magendie, who, in addition to being the chief physician of this hospital, was professor of medicine at the College de France. He very soon noticed the remark able aptitude of his pupil and asked him to act as his assistant at the College de France. From that time onward, Claude Bernard remained faithful to this institution, of which he was later to become on e of the most distinguished members.

In the experiments he encountered nume rouS difficulties. " Twenty-five years ago, when I firs t took up physiological research work, I found that, like many others in this profession, I was hamp ered by obstacles which all experimenters have to contend with. It was necessary to have a real pas sion for physiological work and considerable pati ence and courage in order not to be disheartend. As soon as an experimental physiologist was discovered, he was denounced and persecuted by his neighbou rs, and rendered himself 1iable to p olice proceedings One day, in order to

October, 1929. F I RST d

studYd the prolPe!"ties of the gastric juice, he introLIce a can u a ll1to a doo-'s stomach B t d I h b U uflng t le nlg the dog escaped "carrying with him the accus1l1g canula of a physiologist." Some days later, Claude Bernard was summ d b h I " one y t e po Ice commIssary of the district who' f and supported by his wife and daugl1t'e In a urY d J f h . r, accuse 11m 0 aVll1g stolen his doo- in orete - t . C[ h 0 expenment on It. aude Bernard was able to prove th t h had bought the dog in a perfectly regular t a e H 'h ran sactlOn. e WIt drew the canula and rapidl T nursed the dog back to health The co .} 1 I . mmlssary was comp ete y won over and subsequentl b Cl ' dB' Y ecame au e ernard s protector and in 0 d t h" , r er 0 pursue IS expenments undistu.rbed, he transferred his the commissary's district where he remall1ed untIl he was appointed Mao·end · , d at the College de France. b Ie s epu ty

vas.o - constrictor and vaso-dilator nerves' and the act Ion of on the nervous system. '

AccordIng to Professor J L F P al I 11 aUIe, asteur oya y proclaimed himself to be a pupil of au e Bernard He frequently attended h' l lectures and was stiIl following his Courses in atter years of his life. e

wh Claude Bernard in 1878, just at the time en Pasteur was making his first d' He had t bl· h d' lscov enes a IS e medIcal science on a sound baSIS, nddll1g It of the fetters which ham ered its progress, and clearing the way for future - League of Red C1'OSS Soczetzes. bress.

T he Cit y o f Londo n Police Reserve.

Apart from these difficulties which may b regarded administrative, the were conSIderable. Claude Bernard's 1 b th b " a oratory was no ll1g ut a damp, ill-lighted hole," where D.ecember 31st, 1877 - he contracted t e dIsease ended in his death. The phtlosopher Renan, a friend of Claude Bernard s, tells us t?at. these experiments, which had aro used the adnllratlon of intellectual E 1 urope, we re carnee out eIther in a damp cellar or at the slaughter houses.

I.n 1843, he successfully defended his thesis for hiS doctor's degree choosinO' as hI'S s b' t , 'G '" b U Jec : .as tnc Julces_ and the art they play in nutrition."

ThIS was the first of a series of studies which h to undertake in the course of his lifetime were to shed such useful light on the chemIcal phenomena of digestion.

A few years later (1846), while experimentinoa dog and a rabbit fed on fatty substances the mechanism whereby fats are abso:bed by the lIVing organism, regarding which nothing was known at that time In 185 h' d' f .', IS lscovery o the glycogel:ic functions of the liver, which he had been studYing for many years, obtained for him an el: try to. the Acadernz'e des Sciences and establIshed hiS reputation as a scientist. He showed that. the sugar contained in the blood did not come from food but from the liver. He hIS Investigations in an endeavour to ascertall1 how sugar appears and disappears from the blood and quantity which the latter must contain before It IS demonstrable in urine.

Some of the physiological discoveries which we owe to .Bernard's experimental genius 'I' ere with. the temperature of the blood in the vel ns and artenes; the physiological study of the system and of its effect on 11 utri tion ; the of the blood and the function ina of Vartous glands. I n these latter experim:n ts

As possibly it may have b --. d b monthly report was 's y those in.terested, the In 1e eptem bel' Issue TI' d was 111 a measure intentional, as it happen ed to be b't f lIS ays previous t tl \ u a ew o 1e nnual Inspection and Parad d h ambu lan ce se f I die e, an t e of the recovered from the slackness 11 1as now fortunately pa sed and a .n;-ol e extenSI\'e session is in cou rse of preparation Bef. gl Vll1g further details of it ho\ye\,er it would b ' 11°1 e refe· t tl A I I' e as we to Of Sle nnua nspectlOn which took place on the after noon 0 unda)' Septemb 29tl d . - Id b .' E'r 1, an whIch was a usual he y s peCia l perm ission on the parade ground of tJ< Artillery Company's Headquarters in Upwards of 1,500 men were 011 parade and it , l' that great satisfaction was expressed bv autl IS 't,:no\\ n the genera l be' f I - 10n lCS 011 ' I I Fi anng 0 t le men and the manner in ,yhich the 10 e a all' ,,'as carned through, After the insrection by t Mayor, who was accompanied by the Chief C ml sloner of the City Police-Colonel Sir Hu 'h T Ol11and the Aldermen and Sheriffs, a short was held and an addre s given by the Rev ACE J " S:.B., C.Id.G. (Chaplain General to the the distribution of first aid labels medallions leld l certdicate b th L d 1\1 , an f tl fi s .Yd e a y a yoress, to the successful m e 111 bers o 1e 1rst al or ambulance section of the Police Re erye d About se\'enty of the section 'were so honoured whi'ch to show tl:e g:eat trides that ha \'e been in the "'I 01 of first ald the formation of the Contin uation c asses. ;;tt the beglnnll1g of May last, under the personal - Uper\'lSlOn of the Chief Staff Offi cer, Captain A. J. Robert: :\ 110 done mu.ch towards the success of the:::'l! In obtalnlng thc sen lccs of the R eo'ular Policl! Instruct and also' bt" I 1:> c In 0 alI1LOg t le sen'ices of the well-knowl1 and popular lecturer, A.mbulance. Officer H. J G. \\ 'hiJ.e of thl! .1r. \Vhlt e was h1l1lself at one lime a l1lember of the PolIce and consequent ly his personal knowledu'e of the of the Special Constabulary in connected With ambulance or first aid work is no doubt unequall ed. before. mentioned, the section is no\.y preparino for a busy tIme dunng the Winter months and as fllr \\ ') t.'>t 1 l' dl ,. II e las yery Zll1 > ex pressed his willingness to continue to u-i\'e the Rescryc hI S valued services, it i to be hoped most incerely that the. numbers o.f the. member attending the first aid classe \nll be matenally Increa sed _ \ second yisit ha s been arrang'cd to the Runt! of Surgeons, a so many members h:wc frol11 the pre\'ious isit, beyond that .whlch IS pOSSIble to learn from the l11anual. In ion It may be that nothing call be karncd by am 111C111 bel' of the PolIce Rescn e which j" u"ef'uJ Claude Bernard made the valuable discovery of vV as a prnd iut! knowledge of ambulance and first aid.

Brzg ade Reports.

No. (Prince of Wales') Distri , t. SOUTIIALL.-The second annual open-air service organised by the Southall Division of the S.J .A.B., in conj unction wIth other local organisations, was held in Southall Park on Sunday afternoon, September 22nd. A large number attended the proceedings. The various orgamsatiol1s assembled at 2.15 with Mr. F. Gohm as Chief Marshal.

The singing at the service was led by the Holy Trinity and St. J ol111's Church choirs, accompanied by the Gas, Light & Coke Co.'s (Southall Station) Prize Band. The Rev. F. Hurd, Vicar of St. John's, gave the address, taking as his text the parable of the Good Samaritan. He alluded to the early work of the St. John Hospitallers and to the present-day Brigade, and especia lly that of the local Ambulance and Nursing Divisions, which has now a Public First Aid Dressing Station and Medical Comforts Depot at the G.W.R. Station approach.

Continuing, the Vicar drew attention to the local District Nursing Association, which did much to relieve the sufferings of the sick. An appeal was made to the gathenng to show their appreciation of the work done and the sum of £7 15s. 1d. was collected. The sum will be divided between the S.J.A.B. and the Southall-Norwood Nursing Association.

Detachments Acton, Brentford, Ealing and S.J.A.B. DlvlslOns, as well as the Southall DiviSIOn, was on parade.

the officers on parade were Assistant-ComS. J. \Varren (\iVestern Area), District Officer Clandge, Doctors Seccombe, D. W. Lurgess, Brooks, \ ,111cent, Supt.. J. E. -r:aylor, Amb. Officer J. W. Turner, Lldy Supt. l\J]SS LewIs, Amb. Officer Miss Gibbs Lady SllPt. Smith, .l\liss Coleman, Supt. Appleton, S'upt. G. upt. BrazIer and Amb 01?cer H Phillips. Many membels of the Councd and Dlstnct Nursll1O Association were also present. b

, The con,;luded with the playing of "God Sa\C the h l11g God Bless the Prince of \tVales."

A. Dance, \\'h1ch ",as arranged by the Entertainment COml11I,tlee of the S,J.A.B., was held on WednesSeptemher 2Jth. A fair number attended, and l C. J.P., and F. W. )'10ss ably ,as l\I.c.s. The Vaudeville Dance Band muslC, and danell1g eont1l1ued from 8 p.m. until mid111g1-:t. The refreshment arrangements were in the effiClent hands of the ursing- Division.

SOUT!LE.KD-OX.-SE.\.-On. S.aturday, September 28th, ;lC, ChIef COlTIl111SSlOner, J\Iaj or-General Sir I e l C1\ al WIlkll1son, formally opened the new and up-todat:,., headquarters .of the S.].A. A strong turn-out of and urS1l1g members were inspected by Sir PercIVal, accompanied by the Mayor (Councillor R H -r:hurlow Baker), Lt.-Col. F. A. Brooks M DC' .' SlOner No 1 D' " d S ,. ., omm1S- IS.Lrlct an taff. The parade was under charge of DIV: Supt. John P. May, and Lady Supt 1 1 S. F W. Francls.

At tl:e conclusion of the inspection the Ma.ccoll1Tanled hy the Mayoress, presided over the ,dnd OpCl1ll1g ccremonies, which were held in tl tl ell s Lecture Hall of the new headquarters lose present were Rev. D. Ewart James MA M fi Vhl£red Tee (Chairman of the Southend 1 1'. Committee) Mr. H L 1 u ancc (Asslstant Commissioner the Jones

The Mayor welcomed Sir Percival and L ady Wilkinson, not only as President of the Southend Amb ulance Association, but on behalf of the whole Borough. Their visit, said his Worship, was greatly apprecial ed and he was sure it would be a very great encourageme nt to the St. John Ambulance Brigade in Southend.

Mr. C. Wilfred Tee, stated the facts relating to the purchase and erection of the headquarters. Th e Southend Ambulance Association, from its formation, always had before it the nec essity for the provision of new ambulance headquarters in this Borough and set to work to accumulate funds for that purpose. The Southend Ambulance and Nursing Divisions of the Brigade had also been saving up for the same purpose for a number'Vt years, and in the summer of 1927 the Exe cutive Committee of the Association decided that a defini te move should be made and appointed a committee, r epresentative of the Association and the two Divisions, if) investigate the matter and report. In November, 1927, the two Divisions of the Brigade passed resolutions giving to the Association full power to act on their behalf and, 2.fter inspection by the Headquarters Committee of a very large number of suggested sites and premises, the freehold of No. 74, Queen's Road was purchased on OClob er 15th, 1928, at a total cost, including expenses, of £1,736 5s. This sum was provided as follows: By the Ambulance Division, £1,100; by the Nursing Divisi on, £235; by the Ambulance Association, £401 5s.: total, £1,736 5s.

Pr.ayer was offered by Canon Gowing and a pass age of Scnpture from St. Luke, x, 30-37 (the Good Sam aritan), was read by Rev. D. Ewart James. Canon Gowi ng then dedicated the building.

Declaring the headquarters opcn, the Acting Chief Commissioner observed that there werc few functions which he attended with more pleasure than the openin g of a new ambulance hall. It almost invariably me ant that the Brigade's work in trying to ease the sufferin g of humanity had been so appreciated and sympathi sed with by their fellow-citizens that they had helped them to procure a permanent headquarters,

Continuing, Sir Percival gave a resume of the history of the Brigade work in Southend. In 1913 there was a small section, numbering 14 men. By 1916 that had become a fully constituted Division with 109 men, and the previous year had seen the raising 0 faN 11 r sing Division. I was looking through the records and I find that members of these two Divisions have attend ed 16,000 cases of inj ury and illness and that, in additi on, the Nursing. Divison have made over 1,200 attendan ces at the Hosp1tal.

Lieut.-Col. F. A. Brooks, M.D., Commissioner of No. District) of which Southend forms a part, that It was a red - lett er day in the history of the Distr ict, because the question of headquarters was a serious problem. He was sorry to say that the Southend h eadquarters were only the fourth to be opened in No. 1 Di::.Lrict.

After the ceremony, the Acting Chief Commissioner and the Mayor, accompanied by the Commissioner of the and Staff, were shown over the building by the Supermtendent and Lady Superintendent, and the guests and members of the Division had tea at No. 76, Qu een's Road, the old headquarters.

We hasten to offer our best wishes and congr atula-

October, 1929. F l it S T

lions to Amb. Officer P. A. Butanowi 1 lance, and Am b. Sisler Doroth D f 1, 0 f No. 86 Ambu Nursing Division who were' y 1° man, of. Blackheath S ' J Oll1e( together 1 . on eptem bel' 7th las t at the HoI To" Cl n marnage hcath Hill. The Vicar (tl yR 1l111tw Y 1urch, Blackofficiated 1e ev. W. Fearon)

The hride who wa" , I H D 1 ' )' e S glven elway by her brother (M' J. 0 111clll , was attlrecl in ivor o' o' 1 . 1. and orange hlossol11, and carried r I111h ve vet, veil lilics and heathcr. Miss Mar' )oDuCjluet of roses, • < J OI1e 0 man (sIster)) was

A I'D. 85

D also g'avc a short account of the work don" 1 1 VlslOns. '- )y lhe local

At the conclusion of lhe" re-fo.rmed and marched b k serVIce the proceSSIon wa::. dIsmIssal. ac to the headquarters for _ . W INDSOR.-The l\la;--(C' WrIght) presidcd at the or 1 LIeut.-Col. S. St J h A annua meetl11 0 of th V '" 1 0 n mbulance Brigad 1 1 b. e v me sor Town Hall on Wednesd' c'." l1C.l \\ClS held at the tl "1 ay evenll1g' Septcl11b' zrth - 1 le Iv ayoress distribut d th '. C1 J ,W len awards. There WAre lC e cerllficales and other D. E \. a so present: Dr AGO 1 c.. Malden, and Dr. N. AS' ; sborn, of the Brwade d Plott. fhe members Do be WeI e un er Supt. Simmonds t. Osborn read the report who h h . total number of ) 1 IC sowed thal:eXaml11at1Ons at this Cent' e. who ha: -e passcd year 1880 is now 2) 63. Ie s1l1ce Its formatlon m the The Centre was indebted to D }'1 the Honorary Lecturers f ' 1 alden and Sprott. teaching again. 01 so kmdly underlakin g the The Windsor and Eton Div' " 31 members, who met 10' " lS1011 of the .Bng·acle has and attended eio'ht cases 1 dtImes dUrIng the year Th b '" on PU) IC uty. . e J l1rslllg DIVISIon has at' h elg-ht practices were held and -s [en gt of f\\"clltyHess were attelldecl d " th 9J cases of aCCldcnt or i11Llllllg e year.

Th e Centre has to reco rd with d of ItS President Sir \tViIl' F' be ep regret the dcath 1 I 1 .' lam aIr ank K C VOl la( )ee n act1\'ely assoc' t 1 h ....., \\'10 l1lent for nearly flft; ec \\"It the Ambulance )'Ic)\"c-

The Mayoress distributed th "d 111 a few well-chosen \ . . I e a\\ al sand lhe )'Iayor, and Corpl. Simmonds Serg·t. Hobbs and efficiency medals which h g ?een awardee! the s.en'ice

\. 11 Archway of Bandages at the vVeddill'" of .\mbulallce Officcr P \ B t u anow\c 1 and .\mbulance Sister Dorothy Dolman.

IJridesmaid Members of S JAB d 'd - V' ,'.' .' " nga e an Nursll1o' n 1 lOns formcd a guard of honour. b A receptIon \\as held at the Borouo'h Hall d 1)y 50 guests. Afterwards J\ l'r. and lJulclno\\'lch left ior their honeymoon on the continent:

No. 2 D istrict.

" The Annual Ambulance Parade and lIal"\'cst Fcstl\'al of the Cheltenham S JAB \\ as held 011 Sunday, September 29th at St 'L' k' , Church. . u e s

I by the Cheltenham Military Band a laro c of, under Corp,s Officer 1\1ullins to \h Ll1 ch., In charge of .the loc.al divisions were Supts. ] andy ,md H. J. LeWIS, assIsted by Amb Offi' , and D,all:. The Gloucester St. J 01111 e Supt. Clad"e) and Staff-Sergt. Morris while ]. Cook was in charge of the Re'd Cross Cheltcllham) _ and Commandant Hobbs those 1,1 Gloucester. The lonnation was directed by' Corps BallInger, assisted by Sergt. 1\1oss anel PeeLCr At the church doors the parade lecelved q1C Sl. John Nurses uncler their Suro'(on:s ( 1)1 s. Grace. Bllll11gs) and Gwendolin Brown) and Lady Supenntendent, J\Jiss D. Faber. ' of the Red Cross were also r epresented Vlca.r (Rev. C. Cousens Petch), who is also ,S Upe rll1l Cndept gan the sermon) and puxhcted that 01 the bU ' Iest places during the wintcr 111 Cheltenham WIll be the Ambulance Headquarters. He

The Mayor thanked D e pll1ned on theIr tUlllCS. for the valuable senic rs. Osborn} and applauded, and the \\-hh1ch was heartily yote 0 f thanks to th l\I1""> \\ as )10Ug t to an c:nd In' a e ayoress f· I' ··b ·awards, and to the ),1 , f e 1 tIl utll1g the a) 01 o[ pres1dll1g. N o . 3 District.

BIKLEy.-The Binley Collie' J ) congratulated on the amoun- 17 , ,S A.R are to be tlon only 1-1- months ao'o ift .\\ done Slllce incephaye successfully d;alt of_ 26, 111 Charge, G V\ T T '1 , cases. 1 he Officer D' ". a) OI, D. C)' l IS \"Cry D d ' 1 l\'1SlOn s achievements and th ". rOll ot t 1e take 111 their work. The D ',' e the members procure funds to ercct Firstl\ 01 kmg hard to l{oad. In all a stretch of 8 uts 011 the London and when th1'S has b m.11es IS coYered on this road een supplIed 'tl h ' ambitions arc to be tran i "'d \\ 1 1 l1ts, the members' uete rmined to do thei' b CI c to other roads. They arc with such enthusia 111 1 il 1fs tG: tmbulanee world and, theIr goal. ,0 eloped lhat they reach

The Diyision of thc 'J \, .. lllspectcd by CommIsSIon>' \\- H., 1 .B \\ e1 e J P tl (:;1 an ey Ree\-cs 0 B E ., 1!1 le paddock attachcd to Th :\1 .,'..:' day, September 28lh TI C . OUllt, on ranicd b)- l\lrs H ,' ." R1e om1UlS loner. ,,-as ([CC0111- al \ e) :\.ee\'es Lad" D··t ,', lcnclent, Di:strict S.M. II Li .,' <.) IS I1ct ,sl1pCrlll- The Luto D' .' e\.e Ie) }'lrs. L1cycslcy. 11 1\ ISlOn " 'as formcd 111 A 'l 91 ') was registered the followin o' 1 slrength of the Diyi " '. b . mon t h. . I he a \"crdg'C was 3-1- and )6 " ,. 1:S 10111 .ilom Its llIceptlOn until 19 7 8 sel \ cc C url11 O the \\'Ir Tl ,at the present time is 1 e. 1e composltlOll rchibald, Diyisional Sl1 t lOna LIeut. -Col. \\-. sergeants, three corporaIs Wi II \\ eatherhead, t\\"o The two officers are thee tb\\ cnty-seycn privates. II D'" mem ers \\'ho ha\' e s d .1C l\'1S1011 continuously sincc its [otlildat < I erd,-e. tlOn to the scn-ino' members a b ' c l?n. 11 a dlb ,llLlm er ot men attend

the weekly practices for the passfin g t affn .' Under the duectlOn 0 .,., a - efficiency exam111aUOll. .f· d d··11

A 1\1. Woodcraft those on parade .pe l o lm e 1.1 bandaging and genera l first aid methods,. 11:eluding the use of broken tree boughs as

I · t 1\Ir Han'cy Reeves ll1spected the wo sp 111 S .1 1 f tl pection saJd demonstrations, and) at the c ?se o. le 111S'1 D')" he had seen sufficient to conV111ce him th.at t le IVISlO.n was a very efficient unit and of great service to the pubhc of Luton. . f , 1\lr Reeves also urged the formabon. a a women s nursing' division. He Mr. Oakley ,tllowing the Division to use hi S paddock pI acbca ll y they needed it, but hoped steps wou ld soon by the Division to acquire permanent headqual tel s ot their own. fi l' d t h k' o· Supt. W. H. bne y rep Ie, an ll1e the Commissioner for hIS adVIce. .'

Before leaving, 1\1r. Harvey Re eves a 1 bon and certificate for fifteen conbnuou.s serVIce to Staff-Sergt. VVoodcroft. A medal will follow shortly, and will be presented pubhcly.

The Commissioner, who has a record of forty years' ambulance service, is one of onl y people in the country with fiye b a rs to his long service medal.

No. 4 District.

BARRow.-There was an interesting ceremony witnessed in Ramsden Square, Barrow, on Saturday, September 14th, 'when the former busmen's shelter was opened as a first aid depot by the Barr.ow St. John lance Brigade. Present open111g celemony members of the Barrow DlvlslOn, under Supt. J. SmIth, Nurses under Lady Supt. Craig, and Cadets under Cadet Officer Mrs. Robinson.

Assistant Commissioner Dr. E. B. of Dalton, presided, and was supported by CommlsslOn e r Col. C J. Trimble, CB., CM.G., V.D., .T.D , L.Re.P., M.rs. \Vadham and Miss Wadham (Millwood, Dalton)! WIth

Alderman G. Basterfield, who performed the open111g. •

Dr. Pooley said they were there to open the d epot for the use of the St. John Ambulance Bngade, as cl benefit to t he tow n of Barrow The Bngade owed that depot to the members the Councd and other prominent ladies and ge ntlemen ll1 the town. He had great pleasure in the Rev R H. Hawk111s! M.A., RD., to dedicate It, and Al<;l Basterfield to It.

After dedication by the Rev. H. Hawk111s, and the singing of the hymn, "0 God, our Ald. Basterfield said he was very proud to have the pnv!lege of perf.orming the opening ceremony, not so as an ordlf!ary citizen, but as Chairman of the Publlc Health Comm itt ee of the town.

Ald. Basterfield then declared the depot open, amidst app lause.

Col. Trimble, proposing a vote of thanks, said that Ald. Basterfield had performed a very useful service, and had encouraged all belonging to the S.] .A.B. All the John Ambulance Brigade did was voluntary and, 111 return, they asked the public to assist them in other ways. lIe wished to thank the Barrow Division for all they had d()l1C, ancl congratulatecl Supt. Smith) and concluded by thanking Ald. Bastcrfield and other Councillors that were present.

Ald. Basterfield replied.

The depot is well supplied with all the necessary materials for attending to accidents) and is filted w ith electric light, hot and cold wate r. It wi ll be open from 5.30 p.m. every day until 10.30 p.m. and every week-en d ",nd holidays.

ClTEADLE ITE.\TII.-The annual church parade of the Chead le Heath Division of the S.].A.B. aga in proved a

October, 1929.

successful event on Sunday, September 25th. The repf tIle local Ambulance and N urs111 g r escll Lattv es a d . . . . bl d at Parl " Road Cheadle, a n nUl11ass em Cd 52 Shortly after 2.30 th e bere "t men an d d ff . . ts l ed by the Cheadle Brass Ban ,move a prOCeSS1011lS I p 'oI)riate to t h e Parish Church at Cheadle, w lere an ap 1 scrv ice was conducted by the Rector, the Rev. W. Blown Pollock. 1 hI e Fio'ht the The service, which opened WIll t e lymn e o'ood fi o' ht, " also included a hymn from the p en of Lom e Pennington Bickford, d edicated to the St. John Ambulance Brigade. S The Rector rela te d the story of the Good amartlan a nd r ead from th c Gospel of St.. Luke, ch. 10, v. the words " Thou shalt lov e thy neIghbour as thysel £, spoke' of the good work qone by the men and women ot St. John. t d f 11 s The various Divisions were represen e as 0 ow Cheadle H eat h ) Supt. R S. Barber, Amb. Officcr Goddard Transport Offic e r Mycock; Stockport, Supt.

J. H. Hulme (Manchester), Supt." Carlton) Officers Maitland) Bradshaw and Sanders, l\Iajor Thomas; Altrin cham, Amb. Officer Fall N" ursing Divisions: Cheadle H ea th, Supt. s.

A. J. Magnus; Stockport, Lady Supt. MISS F. L eIgh:

First Officer Mrs. H eywood, Cadet Offic e r J acks<:J11 Wilmslow, Lady Supt. Mrs. W,!-rd; FIrst Officer 1\1rs. Oak es The compal11es, With LIeut.-Col. W. Chaloner, T.D. , in command) proceeded back to Park Road, w h e re they were dismIss ed.

W ARRINGTON -More than 1,20 0 delegates attended the district conference of unit s of the St: J ohn Brigade at th e Crosfield Centenary on Sat u rday, October 5th. The chauman of dlrec.tors of Joseph Crosfield and Sons, Mr. G H. K. Kl11 gdon, welcomed the d e leg a tes.

The "Mayor of Warrington (CounCillor P. Stnnger ) said the St. John Ambulance Brigade was 50,000 strong and was a standing army which nobody suggested should be- reduced in numbers. The l atest. scheme was placing of first aid stations on the mal11 r?ads, and thiS wou ld be esteemed a g r eat benefit by motonsts.

Dr. W. e. Bentall, District Tr eas urer the financia l statement, which showed that th e defiCit outstanding in 1927 h ad been st ill furt,her reduc ed the income h ad increased on the l11vestments and capItal accounts, the s u bscriptions were down by £ 18! appealed to t h e rank and file to keep th e subsc nptlOn hst well up this year.

The Commissioner, Colonel e. J. Tnmble stated th.at the r e were now 9,241 men, women, and boy and .glrl Cadets in the No. 4 District. Th e r e were many poriJon s of L ancashire where Brigades did not exi s t., a nd he appea led to the members to enco ura ge n ew Ul11ts. It was decid ed to hold the conference next year at outhpo rt.

No. 5 District.

ADDERLEY GREEx.-On Sunday, September 15th, th e members of the Longton and District Corps attendcd Divine Se rvi ce at the Parish Church of Dresden, the occasion being the dedication of the recently acquired by the Adderley Green D.lvlswn, the Corps . The parade at which the follow1l1g Dlvl slOns attended, Adderley Green, Fenton, Longton) Stoke , Cheddletoll, and a l so Lon gto n Nursing, was under the command of District Officer e. E. Evans and Corps Supt. Dudley. , Th e Vicar (Rev. W. Williams) , gave an 111spm ng se r mo n and referr ed to the us e ful work done by the S. J.A .B., and ur ged members of the congregation to join and support th e Brigade. lIe extended a ve ry hear ty welcome to the Corps and stated it gave him much

October, 19 29. FIR S T

l1lL-as ur e to kll.()W t hat lhe Brigade sho uld ren der thank:, ll) Alllllg!lly OIl SLl c h all occasiull, as music was one of'the DIV111 C gills.

Great c r ed it is due to S upt. Dowler who raised th e hand whi ch i s enti r ely free f r om debt. '

BOLSOVER.-The annual competition for the Raynor Ambu lanc e Cup, und er the auspices of the Bolsover St. John Ambulance Division, was held on Saturday Septembe r 28th, in the co lli ery schoo ls ' Included in 2 1 competing teams, representing classes over a WIdespread area, were well-known Yorkshi re, Notting-hamshire and Derbyshire teams.

Dr. J. B. M.cKay was judge, and t h e cup was presented by Mr. S. Evans, J.P. (agent to the Bolsover Co lliery Co.), who also made a personal rrift of 5s. to each member of the winning team. Mr. E:ans, who witnessed the work of several of the teams, expressed his grea t pleasure at the interest being taken in ambu lance \\'ork .111 the country,. particularly amongst young men. He VIewed as deserv111g generous praise the attitude of lhe men who gave up their recreation and time to devote thei r energy to a work so valuable.

The winning team was Holmewood Amhulance Class, who were also last Woolley Colliery came second, and Clrpstone Colliery third.

BRODS.WORTII.-t:-rr. S. Bunting, manager of Brods"orlh Mal11 and Chief of the Brodsworth Ambulance Corps, has been promoted District Officer of No.5 area () f lhe St. John Order of Jerusalem.

This further recognition of his yalllable work in

A I D. 87

:I'h e me11'. \\ hI) lllunhen.!([ 250, entrained at Duncaster ()ll ::-'ullda) Monday and Tuesday \\"Cl"e dC.\ ',u:c d, .t u 1Il first aid work, infantry drill, and st l CtchCI \'\ OJ k. I hursday afternoon was set apart for the sport at which t!1ere was a good attendance of \ ' JSlt.o rs. f1;e YorkshIre ::\lain Colliery Band discourscd lllllSIC. On fhursday e\'en ing there was the annual camp d,l11ner, when the Deputy-::\Iayor of Blackpool (Ald. J. :o l1m s) attended and congratulated the men on the camp dnd the enthUSIasm they showed in ambulance work gener.ally lIe extended an invitation to the Brigade to a CIVIC reccptJon at the Blackpool Town Hall.

. On Fnday, Assistant Commissioner H. C. Chambers o f made an inspection of the camp. He reccl\ 'ed WIth a general salute, inspected the men, and took the salute at the march past.

Acldresslllg the Brigade the Assistant Commissioner urgecI that espril-cIe-corps of all ranks should be kept up. He welcomecl the new members and said he was pleased WJth the way the camp was conducted. The cleanlIness and .tidiness of the camp was highly creditable. The Asslstanl Commissioner thanked the e.0. (Mr. J .H Allcock) and other officers for the g r eat help gwen hl1!l' ,T he. I?c.A. Ambulance Brigade camp was, he saId, 111 hiS Opl11lOn, the acme of perfection.

A civic reception to the Brigade was given by the Dcputy :'layor and Corporation of Blackpool in the Tow]] JIall on Saturday.

Headcd by. bugle. and brass bands, the Brigades marehcd from Little Blspham, and were inspected by thc Deputy l\Iayor. Afterwards the officers were entertained at the TO\\"!1 IT a ll.

The Deputy Mayor, in welcoming the Brigade, hoped that all hael had a good time and hoped to see them next year.

The first and second prizes at the kit inspection \\"cre \\'on hy ::\larkham Main. The Yorkshire Main Collien nand recei\'ed third prize. -

\\'h cn camp was struck on Sunday Septemher 14th , the e.0. and Adjutant thanked all ranks for the cooperation that had been extcndeel all round.

The officer commanding the camp was Corps Officer J. n. Allcock; the adjutant was Corps Officer J. \Vanliss; [he quartermaster Corps Officer B. J. Carr; and the camp Illcdical officcr Corps Surgcon R. Hart.

B)I (olt r/esy J [Dont"asler Ch"Ollide

Doncasler and the Soulh Yorkshire Coalfield over a period of many ycars will be appreciated hy many \\"ho haye recognised lhe lime, experience and e nthusiasm \\ hieh 1\Ir. Bunting has imparted to the furtherance of hi'i first aid wo r k, and the duties carried out by the St. J()lm Order 0 f J eru alem

Last Novemher Mr. Hunting was invested in London with t h e order of " Serving Brother," the ceremony beilw pcrformed by Ear l Scarbrough of Sandbeck in the ahsence of His Maj csty the King.

DONcl\sTER.-The annual camp of the Doncaster Colli eries ssociation Brio'aelcs of the St. John Ambulance J\ssociation, comp ri sin.e: B r odsworth, Ru llcr oft., M.arkham Main, and New Ed lin g·ton, was held at Bispl1a11l. 11f'l\r Blackpool,

TTL'[)f)ERSFTEl.l1.- There \\"as a record ent1"\ 111 the ;1lllll1al competltioll of the IIuddcrsficld Corps 01 lhe f1., hcld in the Drill IIal! on Saturelay, 28[11. The competition was for the IIo\\-a rth Do\\l gi\'l'n h' I. \\ '. IIo\\'arlh, for teams of four men . - The fir t aiel test for the tcams consisted of dealing' \\. i h the results 0 f a Illotor acciden t, and a realistic smash " was staged with a motor-car and a motor-cycle lent by l\Ir. C. H. Iitchell. The motor, containing a driver anel one passengcr, was supposed to ha\"e been by the motor-cycle, when the two \"ere travelling at considerable speed. The motor-cyclist was thrown (",ycr the car. landin g- on his head and hands, the pas enger in the motor pushed his hand through the windscreen, 1n trying to saye his hcad when the driver braked) and the c1ri\'cr stlstained two broken ribs.

The Huddcrsfield Railway No.2 team was the first o{ the thirteen competing teams) Batley No. 2 was the .econ cl, and Hudder field No. 1 third. Dr. A. Ellison, Assistant Commissioner for the Midland area) was the judge, assisted by Amb. Officer]. Brockless. Dr. Ellison said that the general standard of the work had been nry high

Lady Hoyle, who prcsided, spoke highly of the ,,"ork which the Brigade was doing, and said that it was ('sj)ccially nece sary nowadavs) ",hen there was sl1ch <111 increase in traffic.

Sir Emmannel Ho)rle, responding to a yote of thanks

FIRST

to Lady Hoyle, complimented the BTigade greaLly on its work. Regarding the increase of traffic. aCCldents,. he said, the time had come whcn the authontles should teach first aid in the schools) to give everybody some knowledge of the subject. Most pcoplc nowadays were intent on seeing how much they could .get out of life but the Ambulance and Nurses of the Bngade were seeIn o how much they could put into it.

Corps Supt. G. Vv. Haigh movcd a vote of thanks to Sir Emmanuel and Lady Hoyle, and three cheers were given for them. District Officer A. Robertshaw) on behalf of the Bri&'ade, thanked the O.c. and ?f the Fifth BattallOn of the Duke of Wellmgton s Regiment for the use of the Drill Hall.

After the competition the members had tea, and the rest of the evening was spent in whist and dancing to music provided by the Celcbrity Syncopated Orchestra.

LOUTII. - The annual distribution of certificates, in connection with the Louth Division of the St. John Ambulance, took place at Louth, on Sunday, September 15th. Prior to the distribution, which was held 1n the Market Place, before a large gathe rin g, a church parade \"as held, when the local Division was joined by a strong contingent of Ambulance men and Cadets from Cleethorpes. The joint Divisions assembled at '!Var Memorial. Supt. J. Paddison (Cleethorpes D1vls10n), Supt. W. G. Paling (the Louth Division), and Cadet Officer Barrell, were in charge. All the men presenteg. a very smart appearance in their uniforms, and, headed by the Louth Mission Band, marched to Louth Parish Church for divine service. On arrival at the church, the men were met by the Mayor (Ald. P. Parker), who b eade d the procession up the aisle between Supts. Paddison and Paling. The service was conducted by the Rector (the Rev. H. P. W. Burton), and the Revs. P. Anderson and E. J. Stephens, and was appropriate to he occasion.

After the service, the men marched to the Market Place, where the Mayor made the presentations. His \iVorship, in the course of a short address, said that the Louth Division was formed only a few years ago, in 1921 to be correct, with eight members. Since that time the number had increased considerably . During that time the members had treated 600 cases, including many serious cases which had necessitated the patients being removed to their bomes or hospital by ambulance.

The following received certlficates : -James Cummings, Charles Cummings (Cadet-Sergt.), George Damms, Cyril Fields) Robert Fell and Douglas Short.

Efficiency Label (bar to medallion) : Thomas Cummings (Hon. Secretary), Harry Fell, Corp I. J. W. Hollingsworth and Amb. Officer W. G. Paling.

Preliminary certificates for Cadets: - Henry Humphreys, Harry Hollingsworth, Richard North and Frank vVillerton.

The Louth Division afterwards entertained the visitors to refreshments in St. Mary's schoolroom, kindly lent by Father Scully.

Supts. Paddison and Paling spoke of the need of recruits for the Louth Division) and thanked the Mayor for his presence and presentation of awards.

. Sunday, Octobe_r 6th, the Acting Chlef Commlssloner, Maj -Gen. Sir P. Wilkinson, inspected Ambulance men and Cadets of the Pontefract Th e re were 338 on parade, and the following D1vIslOns were represented :-The Pontefract, Micklegate (Pontciract), Hemsworth, Hemsworth Colliery, South Kirkby , Ackworth, New Monckton, Camps all and Norton, an.d B?ttomboat Companies. Corps SllPt. T. C. Amery, be1l1g 111 charge, and assisted by subordinate officers.

A I D. October, 1929.

The lnsp ecting Officer was by Commissioner S. W. Malkin, of Stoke-on-Trent, Chici of Staff H. C. Else, of Sheffield, Assistant Commissioner Capt. Buxton, of Sheffield, and Mr. Stanley Else, of Sheffield, Dlstrict Treasurer.

The Gencral and his suite were welcomed very cordially by the Mayor of Ponte£ract (Councillor P. Wilson, J .P.), with whom 'was the Deputy-Mayor (Ald. C. Johnson,OwingJ.P.). to rain the insp ection was m the Assembly Room instead of in the Castle grounds.

At the close of the inspection General Wilkinson addressed the men and boys from the stage. He COllgratulated the Corps on possessing such a fine body .0 r fellows, and said they were as smart a set as he had 111spected. Their cleanliness and standing were a distinct credit, and he was very well please? He especially complimented the Cadets who, he sald) looked clean and healthy and as good as he had yet seen. He had on e criticism to make-that they had no Nursing Division Thanks were proposed to the Chief Commissioner by the Mayor, who said they were glad to welcome Sir Percival, and h e could rcst assured that the Pontefract Corps was second to none.

The vote was seconded by Commissioner S. W. Malkin (No.5 District), who also emphasised the honour paid to the Corps.

The vote was carried with three hearty cheers, and the General said he was delighted with the hearty Y orkshire welcome.

ROTIIERIIAM. - The first annua l church parade of the Rotherham Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigad e was held on Sunday, October 6th, the Corps attending a specia l service, conducted by the Vicar of Rotherham , Canon H. D. Morgan, in the Parish Church.

The parade was headed by mounted police and included: Corps Supt. J. Forrest Hamilton (Mexborough); Amb. Officer A. E. Dando (Thurcroft); Div.-Surgeo n E. T. Key Walker, of Rotherham, Div.-Surgeon J. Crook; Corps Sergt.-Major J. W. Gilling; Sergt.-Majo r Hargreaves (Goldthorpe); Sergt. L. Bilkes (Wath); and Sergts. Hatfield and Henshaw (Parkgate).

With the Corps paraded a Nursing Division, und er Div. SllPt. Miss Buckle) and Div. Officers Mrs. Knigh t and Miss Knight.

The Vicar of Rotherham, who is Corps Chaplain , was assisted at the service by the Corps Superintendent.

RouNDwooD.-The annual distribution of awards for efficiency during the 1928-29 session took place at the practice room, Green Lane, Rawmarsh) last Sund ay morning, September 22nd. Mr. L. Smith (manager of the Colliery), in his presidential address, spoke of the value of first aid at home and in the street as well as in the coal mine. He also addressed himself to the teams practising for the forthcoming competitions, and in addition to giving' them some good advice, wished th em luck. He introduced Mr. G. T. Baker (assistant g-eneral manager of the J. Brown and Co.'s group of collieries), wh.o had attended for the purpose of making tbe pres elltatlOns.

Mr. Baker said that it had been his pleasant duty on several occasions to officiate in a similar capacity to much larger classes, but he never came across a class with such a splendid record. The class opened in 1904, and had trained 600 successful students, with practically 100 per cent of passes. He then presented the awards.

Mr. Baker presented the special medal to Herm on Wright, who had been adjudged the best first year student.

A familiar fig-ure at the gat l1 ering was Mr. T. Marriott, H.S.B. (St. John of Jeru sal em in Englanel ),

October, 1929. FIRST

who founded the class in 1904 and has b . up to the present time. een an 111structor

Mr. F. Jack son proposed a vote of thanks to 11 h had taken parl in making' the evcnt _ I a:¥ 0 1\1,\" B 1 Tl success u espeCIally a <er. lIS was seconded by Mr C S 'tl ( . .' wnght). ml 1 eng1l1e-

Sir Percival S

Ac.t1l1g Chlef Commissioner of the St. J h . Wilkinson, D -. don Ambulance )[Iga e was present on Saturday. October 5th 11l1mber of gathermgs of the Sheffield .' ,at a Drio'ade sectlOn of the bIn. t!le afternoon he inspected the Sheffield Cor s f thc Bngade, under Corps Supt Hamer R II P hO Po lice Sports' Grounds at Brido'e ffi) 0 1 n 1 1 e Despite' I t 1 b, e e c. _ mc emen weat ler the parade was a com lete stlccess. Nearly 400 members of the Brigade took Part 111 march past, the spectators inc1udin p. cou ncIllors. g many CIty

The General also paid a fiyino- visit t F H whe re he inspected the Ambulanbce D _ o. ox oyse I I '1 c eSSl11g StatlOn recent y 1111 t there-one of the finest in th e country.

A I D. 89

to the branch in its earl d . preSided, supported by Dr H y AS. Sergt. Dal11els B v uxt<;)l1, Dr. S. O. H alberiey ¥t. L ComS ' O. F. SI111pkl11s Co un T Be" ht' ee,. upt. W. Swinton COL;ncil) a'nel C' 0 IgH onR,· Jb P. (Charrman of I .' c un.. Ig Y n extend1l1g a welcome to th Daniels spoke of the pleasure't ose h present, Sergt. Harvey with them once a . 1 gave t em to have Dr. have Dr Harvey gal11h It was a great honour to of the Swinton Brig'ade as d e. was one of the founders th t h B · ,an It was due to h' ff ate ngade became establish d H 1S e orts only member now in the (the speaker) It 21 years ao'O and h h d g of those who JOl11ing. b e a no cause to regret

On behalf of the B '. I h Dr. Hatherley for the /d eXPJ-eshed thanks to took. He hoped the memb 1 an t e.l11terest he enthusiastic and that they contl11ue to be cessful future. 00 orward to a suc-

In commemoration of th B' d' -. heen decided to present the it had These were presented to Drs r:.Ia dblHonze medals. • :-:I. e rvey an atherley by

By coJUrtesyJ

He was particularly lllterested in the arranO'ement where by the statIon s fIb 1 open or use at a I times-l11 case of eme rgency a is broken and a key is used whIch, lllumll1ates two compartments of the statlOn

1 At a s?cial the Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield) which folowed the lllspectlOl1, the General paid tribute to the a!1d of the Sheffield Corps. They ere, be saId, eq ual 111 those details to any he has seen 111 the country.

b _ SW.INTON.-:-T?le branch of the S.J.A.A. celeate cl ItS .COl11ll1g of age WIth a dmner at lhe Station Hotel, SWlllton, on Saturday, September 28th when the were with medals to' mark the of a clock was made to Staff br bt. Dal11els, one of the founders of the anc h, whIch was establis hed on September 21st, 1908 Among t hos e present were Dr. Frank Harvey, Hon.

Sergt. Daniels, and the members' medals were presented by Coun. Beigh ton.

Dr. Harvey in reply to the welcome accorded him, saId how pleased he was to be present.

He would like make a suggestion. In the first place, It to gather in the young men. Probably m the dlstnct there were such organisations as Boy Scouts, Church Lads' Brigades, etc., whose members generally left at certain ages. The branch should try to get hold of such lads) and also interest some of the younger ones.

On beh.alf of .the members, Dr. Han'cy then presented Sergi;. Dal1lels WIth an oak clock, expressing the hope that It would help to tell of the many happy and L1 eful hours he had spent in ambulance work.

. Sergt. Daniels thanked the members for the1r expreSSlOn of appreciation. It was one of the greatest pleasures of his life to receive the o'ift) alld to all the members he tendered his heartfelt thanks.

(/lronicie Doncaster Ambulance Officers at the Civic reception at BJaclzpool To\\"l1 Hall.

i\sst. COlll. Buxton ·tated that the Brigade ill"', ami he hop cd to sec some of lhc Swintoll \)l\'lSIOll at ncxt n. 5 District camp.

No. 6 Di s trict .

Arrangements for the annual c?mpetltlOns of No. 6 District are now in hand, and .should have been sent in and received by the CompetltlOn Secretary not later than October 19th.

The preliminary rounds are to be completed by December 14th, and the County Finals wil.l be held on January 25th, 1930. The District Finals WIll be held 111 Newcastle about the middle of March.

Arrangements are also n hand for for the Challenge Shields. Entries for thIs should also have been in the hands of the CompetltlOn Secretary not later than October 19th. The Secretary for all these competitions is Corps Supt. H. S. Crace, 2, Osborne Terrace, ewcast1e.

DUNSTr\N.-A memorial tablet, the gift of Divisional Supt. A. R. Porter, to the members .of the Division of the St. John Ambulance Bngade who fell 111 t.he war was dedicated and unveiled on Sunday afternoon, September 8th.

The ceremony, which took place in the Parish Church, was preceded by a procession of members of the Division , headed by Dunstan Silver Band.

The tablet was dedicated by the Vicar (Rev. J. W. D. UcIntosh), who is Chaplain to the Brigade, and unveiled h y Lieut. J. \lI,T. Dodds, R.N Chairman of Whickham Council. Corps Supt. Payne read the lesson.

After the service the members marched to their headquarters in Renforth Street, where the tablet was placed and will remain permanently. Tea was provided.

JARRow.-The general meeting of the Jarrow Division, S.J.A.B., was held on Thursday, October 3rd, the Mayor (Councillor W. G. Pearson) presiding.

The Mayor presented the thirteenth annual report and balance sheet, whieh records another satisfactory year's vvork. In addition to loaning many sick room requisites and bath chairs, the two motor ambulances removed 558 persons to and from Newcastle, South Shields, Sunderland, and other hospitals and their homes, the total dista nce covered heing 7,1 09 miles.

Fir s t aid was rendered at the headquart.ers to many persons who had happened accidents in the town. The committee thank all who had the brigade in any way, and Dr. Grant and Dr. HIslop for lectures. The income for the year, including a balance of £284 13s Md. l!rought forward, amounted to £863 16s. 01d., and there IS a balance at the bank and in hand of £365 6s. 1n the new car fund there is a balance of £ 129 Os. 1d.

The following were re-elected for t11e ensuin o' year on t11e Finance Committee: W. R. L. Vlatson, G. Battenshy, J. Weddle, E. Myers. H. Martin, and J. Coul1.11ard.

Votes of thanks were accorded the Mayor and tlle Superi ntenclen t.

.SnOTTON.- The annual supper and presentation of ce.rtlficates, vouchers, medallions and labels in connection With the took pl.ace. on Saturday evening, September 25t11, In the \=onstJtutlOnal Club, Shotton Colliery. Mr. W. preSIded over a good attendance of memhers and Mr. W: S. Jackson (under manager of Shotton Colh.cry) 111 over t11e awards, pointed out of the n111e candidates who sat the first year examinatIOn only one failed. He made an appeal for more men to t.ake up the work as it was of great importance in a Mr. Jackson.' on behalf .of the cl ass, presented DI. L. R. Adamson WIth an oak tImepiece; in recognition

A I D. October, 1929.

of his scrvices as lecLurer. Mr. W. Brewer, the secretary, was the recipient of a dressing case. Adamson .and .lVl r. Brewer suitably acknowledged the An enJOYable programme of harmony was by Messrs. W. Hillcroft, G. Laughan, W. Hard1l1g, J and W Corner. Mr. J. Wallwork was the accompamst.

SOUTn SlllELDs.-The annual presentation. awarc1 s to the South Shields Borough Ambulance DIVISlOl1 wa made in the Drill Hall on Septcmber 24th.

The chair was taken hy Col. L. Edwards, and th e l\layorcss (Mrs. J. Dunlop) prcsen.ted thc prizes. Amon g those present were Lady Supt. Sk111ner, Dr. W Campb ell Lyons, Amb. Officer J. L. Leydon) Mrs Stoanes, Bowers, Mrs. Bowers, 1\11'5. Sanderson, DlV. Supt. A 1. Troller and Mrs . Trotter, Amb Officer W. McGee, Ma j or A. L. Todd, 1\1.iss Mareen Todd and others.

A hearty vote of thanks to the Mayoress was pr oposed by Col. Edwards, and Amb. Officer J. L. LeY c\()1l proposed a vote of thanks to Col. Edwards.

Vocal items were rendered by Master Smith and M r Ritchie, and a zylophone solo by Mr. Lamb was grea tly appreciated.

After speeches by Col. Edwards and. the. Mayor .ess , the company spent the rest of the evemng 111 dr1.nclIl g.:'IIusic was proyided by the Reviera Dance Band.

No.8 District.

BRIGHTON - To raise funds to provide adequ ate premises for classes, etc the Brighton and lance and Nursing Divisions held a " Cosmopolltan)) F a Ir at the Hoye Town Hall on Wednesday and Thursd ay, October 2nd and 3rd.

The Mayor of Hove (Capt. A. B. Wales) M.e.) presided at the opening cerem<?ny, which was per.forme d hy the Mayoress. His WorshIp the lmp.orL ance of hayinO' a body of men properly tra111cd 111 first aid w o rk who could bc called upon at any time. "1 may add," sa id the Mayor that I have never askcd in vain for assisl a nce from the St. John Ambulance

The Mayoress then declared the fair open, and M aste r Peter Ezra presented her with a bouquet. Mrs. de Zot lche Marshall also rcceiyed a bouquet.

Mrs. de Zouchc Marshall thanked lhc 1\1 ayor an d I\layoress and the large army of 11er helpers, lao 11l111le n).l1 S to mcntion by name. " 1 would, howevcr," sh c " like to thank very warmly tIle honorary general s u pe rvisor, 11r. J. O. Ockendell., for his splendid work."

Alderman Barnett Marks, J.P., seconded the r esol ut ion

An organ selection by Mr. Alfred W. Fi she r, L.R.A.M., F.R.e.O., preceded the opening ccrcmony.

The hall was gaily decorated and side-shows ke pt everybody busy. Incidental music filled in the between dancing displays, costume and mann eq n111 parades

GRAVESEND A D NORTHFLEET.-An appeal is mad e for funds on behalf of the Gravesend and N ortllfteet Divi sion of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

Despite the fact that the Division has heen in exist ence for several years it is still without a practice room for the members and a garage for the ambulance. Since the Co rporation has utilised the Swan Yard garage, in which the ambulance used to be placed, tbe best place in whic11 the Division can place it is in the open in front of Mr. win's garage in Perry Street. This, naturally, is injurlOtlS to the vehicle.

The local Division has earned thc distinction of heing one of the smartest ambulance units in Kent; and it is not very encouraging to these voluntary workers to look round at neighbouring' districts and see the fine headquarters their co ll eagues enjoy. The recent flag--day realised £140

October, 1929 F IR ST

for Fund, but this is nthe bcginnin o work 0 ot suffiCIent to JustIfy and stI ll more is before n thke new headquarters, wor can commence.

No. 10 District.

Ips W:CII - The annual inspection of S held .on Saturday, September l4th Cl .' .].A.B. was IpSWIch. The inspcction was d) at ll1stchurch Park, heon in Chief bt \heC Surhad travelled up from Tor ua ,) O. EllIS) who Ipswich Dr J F C I-I q y, em? by the Mayor of . , ... ossack who IS tl C '. tur :t\o 10 District. Beside 'the .1e o.m.mIsslOner units which assembled under the CIpswlch D1VlslOn, the [h e Parade Ma' , M M E ommand111g Officer of , JOI c wan (Corps S - ) f ro m Clacton (Supt. Porter) Manni t (urgeon, camc L o westoft (Supt. E Taylo'r) dngFrle.e Supt. S. Bree), C 11 ) Th . , an e lxtowe (Supt S o 111S en t.oo there 1 A ]) il'ision, unde/ A Mwap t 1e Nursin o ll cc clcs and Aldeburo h b' arkder; gIrl cadets from -:; 11 '" , e oy ca ets from Be 1 d ax mUll( 1am. Prominent offi es an Co mmissioners Dr. S. Oliver E S w(Serffe present 111 Asst. a es u olk), and Lan g ley

I

efficiency, when, according to 1 - b from Park Road and fell off 1 P an h' oy cychst entered for concussion and a. He was treated Tea was gIVen 111 the C _ g. the ge.nerosity of a number Hall, thanks to lhe wives of doctors. les-most of whom arc

Priory for Wales.

INSPECTlO:-': OF I\'EWPOln' (Mo ) C TI " N. OHPS. 1C annual Inspection of the N which completes its twent '-fifth eV\ port month, was held at II C) ) ear of establishment th is D '11 H 1e orps Headquart D 1 nail , 1 ewrort, on SundCl \ 8th S er, oc <-street The Inspecting Officer (S'· _ H K. B. E.) was accon-{panied by e.rt D. v\'. Le\yis, for v"ales) and Mr. A. b O. B. E. (Deputy CommiSSioner fo 1- Newport) a d tl I' J. Fudge (a former · I d d ,n 1e arge o'athe " Inc u e the Mayor and :'I I h 11l1g present and 1\1rs. W. T Gr ' ffitl ) cay I ?ress of e\'\ port (Coullcillo, L 1 S, 11ef Constable VV H R b' 0 IIl_

The PCIlLSlOI1C, No.5 District Team (and )/" " , tIll ScpLemb0r 7th The te lill ( t d' t /ICCIS) \\ ho \\ 011 the Bleastlell Ta\ lur CUI) rl'l e S all 111 0 ') consist d f P - lOI.llpson (c<ll)tain) Pte G H't I t'l cote. <. \Nhitfield Sewt I ," I C lens and Pte T R Offi 'I-! • 10 Re\,. E. B. Carleton 1\1 B D' S _ . 0). cers seated are Div. SUIJt. , , IV. ulgeon Dr A c\. 111 · '1 Ambulance Officer'S C I' " clsser, "' .B.Ch.B., and (Essex), District Sur'e W " 1 r ea surer Councillor T A .' F. DIstrict A C. HiIl 'vV R " ar 111gton, Dlstnct Officers

Suff olk DCl:nd.]. E. Death (secretary h D" ,:\. sel ve Istnct Officer F H G d am, Istnct Sergt M' A L " 00 erOffi cers Miss A B C·- .ord) District Lady corps ffi _ oulchel and MISS A. Hao'g'ar Th o cel s were Supt F E F' '" C. e P owell, Goddard, and o lddy, 1. A; Pepper, the march past. S. Hodoson. The l11spectiOll 01 p. W. Parker (Colehe 1 D' ) out from the parade for the r: el :vlslOn was ingled medal, representing 15 _ se.ntallOll o.f long sen ice hoth District Offi s actr\'e aSSOCiatIOn. and then Nort on had their and Amb. Officer G. bar pinned to LI .. )1 ) cars servIce acknowledo'ed 1)V .., B _ 1en lll.ec als. b - <I ystanclcJ s were 1l1terested by the display of first-aid

rowns la\\'.

SOl1,.Mc. McCormac, Irs. }. H. Vile D · S 'I C " ( c\.ct < ,. C " I. " C Or11lclC C 111,., om.mlsslOner for the Borouu-h of Newport) I\I G Rampbell OiJ"cr (late Commissioner for J' o\\'lands (late Corp Supl.) Mr C H H k' ('I " ·c· Secretar ) C op lOS ate orr s j\[ <, }, orps Supl. G. Storey, Corp ' Inspector of Stores · 1 alshall, Corl)S Secrehr} ] Barb' D' I S J 1\1 I < • el, 1\ ISlona upts · ars lall }. Bellc\\- G H HI' d \ A ,. V\. op <Ins an "L J POH rell mbulance Officer S J ,.. , 1\1 s . ones, G. }. H. Brown and S l orn h Corps C. H. \Vorthy.' . C the InspectIOn, the ]\Jayor, at the reque t of the 0il1l11lsSl0ner for \Vales handed to S t B II 1 0" ,< up. e ew tle nSI,., ilIa of a ServlOg' Brother of the Ordel- H , I' >, II . I IS \ ors l1p y '15 led to do. a he and 1\11'. Bell \\ were fello,,' of long-standing III the emploY of the Great '\'estern ,al way C?mpany. He "'as proud to ha\'e so many ambulance men Jl1 the Borough of Newport, and had seen their

work. The Chief Constable had told him how .it would be for him to deal with the many cases of accIdent In the streets, especially when the big footba.li matches were held in the Borough and on other OCCaSlOl1S when large crowds a sembled, wiLhout the assisLance of the am.bulance men, ""hom he was always ab le to upon. He Lhem on behalf of the ciLizens for theIr voluntary serVIces and said he would do anything during his of office, and after, to promote the interest of the work which was of s u ch great value to the public.

The Commissioner for \Vales thanked HIS vVorshlp on behalf of the Priory, for his kinJ interest and enco uragement given to the Brigade in the borough, which was much appreciated. Some of the best ambulance teams ll1 Wales had been trained in Newport, and had brought back the international trophies to the town. The Commissioner then presented the Diploma of a Serving Brother to Am bulance Oflicer C. H. Brown, one of the first members of the N evvport Corps, whose long-continued senice was an example of efficiency and Ambulance Office.r S. Morrish and Corps Sergeant Major C. H. vVorthy received their warrants of appointment to offices in the Brigade.

SAVI G AWARD PRESENTED AT CARNARVON

LTFE

The Lord Lieutenant of Carnarvon, 1Vlr. J. E. Greaves, C. B. E., presided at an interesting ceremony at the Shire Hall, Carnarvon, on vVednesday, September 25th, whel: a Certificate of Honour of the Venerable Order of the Hosr ltal of St. John of Jerusalem, awarded to Miss J anet Edwards ot Clynnog, was presented to bel' by Dame 1\largaret Lloyd George, G. B. E.

The ceremony was a sequel to an act of bravery by 1\liss Ed,,·ards on September 22nd, 1928, when she saved the life of 1r. Thomas Owen, who \vas attacked by an infuriated bull. Mr. Owen was twice tossed into the air and whilst the bull was preparing for another ons laught, Miss Edwards rushed forward and diverted its attention to herself, enabling l\lr. Owen, who was seriously mauled, to crawl to the other side of the gate. She then took off and threw her thick woollen apron over th0 head of the beast and J1.1.anaged to e cape unhurt, but the remarkably plucky way in which s h e risked her own safety, won the admiration of the whole district.

The Priory investigated the case, at the request of 1\11-. D. R. Williams, of Broncaerog, Carnarvon; recomm e ndations were received from all sect ion s of the public and the presentation of the Certificate of Honour, awar d ed by Chapter General of the Order, created wide-spread interest. The Life Saving Awards of the Order are highly valued and only bestowed on those who, in a conspicuous act of gallantry, have endangered their lives in saving or attempting to save, life. The Vellum is signed by the Grand Prior (His Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught, K.G.), an d bears the signature also of the Chancellor and SecretaryGeneral of the Order.

Dame Margaret said it gave her great pleasure to make the presentation as Lady President of the Carnarvonshire Centre of the Priory. It was a plucky act and she was glad it had been recognised Sir Herbert D. VV. Lewis, K. B. E., thanked the Lady President for taking part in t h e ceremony and the Lord Lieulenant for presiding. He expla in ed the objects of tbe Order and grat itud e to Mr. D. R. Williams, Dr. E. LI Parry Edwards, B.A. (Medical Officer of Health), Dr. Elwyn Rowlands of Carnarvon and Dr. ]. Caldecott of Llandudno, for their personal assistance in investigating the case. The Vicar of Clynnog (The R everend John Davies), adL1ressed the meeting in Welsh, and votes of thanks to the speakers and all who took part were proposed by the High Sheriff for Carnarvonshire (Lieut.-Co lon e l Sir Robert ArmsLrong- J ones, C.B.E., M.D.), who sa id how pleaseJ he was to see the Boy Scouts, Girl Guides and so many young people present to do honour to Miss Edwards. This was seconded by the Deputy :\1ayor, a nd a photograph

A I D. October, 1929.

wa taken of those present, in the beautiful old Ca LIe of Carnarvon.

BUCKLAND BWLCII VOLUNTARY AU) DETACllMENT.

Th e official Insp ect ion of the Buckland (Bwlch) Voluntary Aid Detachm e nt took place at the Breconshire Agricultural Show, Brecol1, on Saturday, 7th September, when th e members were in aLtendance for ambulance duty in the s h ow grounds.

Major S. O. Dolan, R.A.M.C. (Officer Commandin g Military Hospital, Beachley) was detailed by .the Western Command H eadq u arters to conduct the InspectlOIl, and wa s acco mpani ed by the County Controller for Breclmock (Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K. B. E.).

The Detachment takes its name from the President , Lady Buckland of Bwlch, who is keenly interested in th e ambulance moyement in the County.

The Officers are Mrs. A. B. Crpsswell (Commandant. ), Dr. T. P. Thomas (Medical Officer), Nurse M. A. Davi es (Lady Supt.), 1\1r. Mabel Dease, O.B.E. (Quartermaster) , and :vtrs. F. Platts (Section Leader).

As a Nursing Division of St. John, the mem bel'S do a g-reat amo unt of public duty, atttending t h e agricultur al ;hows and other public functions in the County; g i vingdemonstrations to members of "vVomen's institutions and assisting the district and village nurses.

AMBULANCE TRANSPORT.

The following article, under the tiLle of "The Whi te Car," which is reprinted from The Advertise?', 9th August, 1929, proves what a great asset the Motor Ambulance Cars of the Priory are to the indu strial districts :-

"I had the pleasure on Saturday of making a careful and detailed inspection of our new car, which arri ved spick an d span straight from the makers' hands OIl Thursday. Provided under the auspices of the Order of St. John of J erusalem, Priory for Wale, the Ken fig Hill new Ylotor Ambulance is absolutely the last w ord in ambulance cars, with equipment in every respect up to date. Beautiful in every detail, the car is a credit to all concerned-chassis, Armstrong-Siddeley; bo dy, Lewis & Co., Tudor-road, Cardiff; engines, 35 hor sepower, six cylinders. The car is a triumph of the coach builders' art, and is replete with every art icl e that experience has taught is necessary for the comfort and convenie n ce of the patient. Kenng Hill is fortunat e ill having so fine a car at tilt" service of its people. Only a few years ago men hurt at the Colliery had to suffer in patience the long period that elapsed between the lime the old hand-stretcher l eft the scene of the accident and arrived home, and more than one life was lost through the unavoidable delay caused by this primi tive 'way of dealin g with injured persons. Now the white car, with the Geneva Cross, comes silently up, the patient is tenderly lift ed on to a couch so made that it is impervious to vibration, and in a short space of time conveyed either home or, in more serious cases, to the hospital.

"Just a wOl-d about the driver, Mr. McEnte e, or 'Mac,' as everybody calls him. He is the right man for the job- a ski ll ed mechanic, a qualified first-aid man, and a capab lc driver. Mac is not g·ood at blowing his own trum pet, but is one of those coo l c u stomers so u sef ul in a crisis or a tight corner.

" I am asked to mention that now, on payment of one penny per week, the services of the motor ambulance ca r are at the disposal of the general public. 1\l r. Norman Hopkins, Picton-street, Kenfig Hill, is the Hon. Secretary.

"In conclusion, just a word of thanks to show the services of the Priory for Wales are appreciated. IL must not be taken for granted, because lillI e is said, that these se rvi ces are taken as a right and forgott en. There are thankful hearts in Kenfig Hill who bles s the

October, 1929. FIRST

day that the car came to their assistance, and no one who sees, as I clo: day after d ay,. and night after night, the beautiful whIte car on Its errand of mercy to render help to some brUIsed an d bruken toiler, could grudge the sma ll sUn! of one penny per week in ai d of the fund that provides the' White Cars' for Wales."

The Pri;lci p al Secretary .spoke at a public meeting at I art T,:lbot, on FrIday, October 11th, which was orgal1lsed Lo conSIder a transport serv ic e for the Afan ':' alley. ,,\. num be.r of the local collieries and the representatl\'es of the Colhery Lodges are in teres ted. Alderman William J e nkin s, M P:, presided, and Mr. Lemuel Jone s, ]. P., the Sub-Commlssloner of the Brigade, attended The ambulance car is a link between the sick and inand the resources of the medical profes::.lO n, and t.he Pnory alms at estab li shing a chain of ambulance statIOn. throughout the Principality, so that the ge neral p.ubllc and the mining community may have the best pOSSIble means of transport in case of accident or sic kness.

BRIG r\I)E lNSPECTION AT Rllos.

Members of the Duffryn Maelor Rh os Division of the SL J Br}gade, as embled on September 28th for their annual lIlspectJOn by the Commissioner for Wales.

The parade, in charge of Divisional Supt. 1. Tunnah an d headed by the Rhos band, proceeded through the main ::.treets of Rhos to the Rhos Central School, where the inspectio n took place at 4.45 p.m.

The Duffryn laelor Rhos Division is the last formed cUl1 bulance unit in the Denbighshire Centre, of which Sir \\Tat kin William s-Wyn,n, Bart., C. B., President, Lady How.ard de Wal.del1, C. B E., Lady Presldent; Mr. Jame s Da rill1gton, Chairman, and Dr. C. E. Salt, Commissioner. Reg istered 1928, with a membership of forty, it has made rapid stndes, and the sen-ices of the members are avai lable throughout the district in case of accident or sic kness.

-r:hc Inspecting Officer was accompanied by Lady Lewis, O. B. E. (Deputy Lady Supt. for Wales), \\"ho made a special appea l for a Nursing Division for Rhos, and a Medical Comforts D Epot from which invalid requisites and sick-room sto res could be obtained in all cases of sickness in the homes. Nea rly six articles were issued from the Depots last yea r, and the Pnory hopes to arrange for these benefits in all the North vVales Counties.

was followed by an interesting concert, at whIch the DI\"lSlOl1 bade farewell to Dr. W. Gilchrist, its first Divisional Surgeon, who has unfortunately been obliged to resign on removing to Chester. ._.----

The annual War Or/'ice inspection of the Blyth V.A.D. was helel in the Drill Hall on September 28th .

3' E of the Suuthall Division who are attached to the 1\1. H. R. recenLiy underwent their annual training at the Royal Herbert Ilospital, v\'oolwich.

:3 E

The Darton Cricket Club, to raise funds, h eld an am bulance competition all September 7th. A valuable silver CLIp and substantial prizes were competed for. Twenty-six teams took part, and the result were: 1st, Do ncaster Police, 276 points; 2nd, Manvers Main Colliery (No.1), 273; 3rd, Park Hills Colliery, 195. Individual prize winner, T. W. Parker, l\lanvers 1\lain Colliery.

The "DECORATORS' « PAINTERS' MAGAZJNt:." (8d . monthly) is THE trade paper for all interestec1Publishing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C ..

J.\mbulance J'( ews euttings from the 3lress.

The Editor invites to send newspaper cuttings on matter of general mterest for inclusion in tbis column.

SAVED BY SEA WATER.

L \ fLer the contents of a phial of poi so n, a man CIty, New York, jumped off the end of a stee l pIer lIlto the ocean.

The salt water he swallowed acted as an antidote. Taken ashore, he was rushed to hospital and hi s life sayed -f,Veek& Dispatch.

UPRIGIIT \i\ TATE R

As a waterman was standing at a lock gate on a canal he saw the water a man who "vas standing upright and motLOnless and was completely submerged.

The waterman dived in, dragged the man out and started artificial respiration, and it took half an hour to bring him round.

Charged at Chertsey with attempted suicide, he was remanded for his relatives to be co mmunicat ed .,,,ith.-E·venin/[ News

V\'IlTRLL G 1\1 AI\'.

A man's remarkable escape from death was related at East Ham when a Laundry Company was :;,ummbned for neglecting to protect machinery.

It was stated that on August 13th a room in which there was elpctrically-dri\·en machinery wa being repaired by contracto.rs. A carpenter named Curley wa s on a platform fastenlI1g asbesto to the ceiling, when his neck-tie caugh in the re\·olving machinery; and he was whirled round and round the belting. His neck-tie was pinned to his shirt, with the result that all his clothes except his boots were torn off.

A "fellow workman, who saw him "bobbing up and down, cut off the po\\'e r. Curley fell to the gro und and 'was taken to hospital, but was able to return to work within six. weeks.-Dai& !JIlll"!.

LIFE SA \ 'ED BY A CRY.

As P. C. Gear was patrolling a lone!y part of the Hasting front at midnight, he heard a faint cry for help from the sea. He ran down to the shore, threw olT his helmet and tunic, 3.nd plunged in. He swam out for se\·eral hundred yards in the dark, but the cry was not repeat ed. _Uter a long search he found a girl Hoating unconscious in the sea. He bmught her to the shore and tried ilrtifi-ial respiration before the girl came round. She stated afterwards that she had fallen into th p sea from a groyne.-E71 1?Iling

SLEEL'\\·.-\LKER'S FALL.

Two workmen passing along a street in v\'okingham early one morning heard groans and found a man crouched under a wall, holding his head in his hand s. The police and a doctor were summoned and it was found that his skull was fractured.

The man, an ex-soldier, occupied a bedroom thirty feet above the spot where he was found, and it is ugge ted that he fell from the window while walking in hi leep. 'Su nday Pldort"al.

R atlway Ambulance News.

Great Western.

The r e porL of thc Sl. John \l1lbu.lancc , \ssociation for the ycar endcd September 30th, 1928, dlscloscs the t!laL the sino'le exccption of thc IndiaIl CcnLre (all 1ndla) thc GreaL Railway Ccntre has is ued the greatcst number of flrst aid awards s ince its formation, the ligures being- :-Ccrtificatcs, 16,938.; Vouchers, 10; U;3 ; 8,403; Labels, 32,912; maklllg a total of 6l:>,436. Th e G. YV. R. Centre \\'as fo rmcd 011 No\'e mber 30Lh, 1096.

1 E\\ 'Qu,\\, - l\lembers of Lhe cwquay ambulance hall Lhe honour of recci\ ing the awards gained by SLlccess in c:-"<lmination al Lhc hand s of 1\1rs. Lean , wife of 1\11'. J. F. Lean (Principal \ssistanl to Lhe General Ianager , and Chairman of the Central ,\mbul ance Committee) at a social gathering which took place on the evening of September 26th. The Newquay class was congratulated on the f.act the whole of its memb e rs \\'ho attended the examinatIon had been successful and that it had produ ced (\"0 teams for Lhe ycar's di\ isional competitions, onc of which had figured the prize-winners.

CIIALFORD.-The annnual di stribution of eXCll1lin;ltion awards in connection with the Chalfonl and Distri c t amhulance class \\'as held on OClober 2nd at Stroud stalion, whcn Mr. C. W. vVilsoll, presiuent of the class, occupied the chair, and was supportcd by i\1r. J. C. Lane (Di\ isional Ambulance Sccretary) and 1\11'. A. J. \\'ebb (CIa. s Secretary).

Mr. L ane, in presenting the ;nvards, cong-ratulated the members on the excell e nt achievements of the class, and expressed gratillcation at being asked to fulfil LhaL pleasant duly for the third year in succession.

t\E\\ [,ORT DOCKS. i\lr. H. B. Sn'lith, Docks :'.lan:-l.gur, Ncwport, distributeu ;.L\\ ards at a gaLhering presided O\'l:r by i\lr. \\ '. ClCa\'ur (Di\'isional Docks Engincl r) on Lhe c\ ening ()f Saturcby, -!-til ultimo, when the lauer complimented the un a glHld record of achic\'cnwnt during th e past year. ile tuuk the opportunity to welcomc Councillor J. H. S\\'allo\\' ill his ncw capacity as Deputy Docks Manager, anu Mr H. 13. Smith as 1\11'. Swallow's successor as Docks "l\lanager at Tc wport.

:\lr. Smith said it would be impossible to il11pw\'e upon thc record of the class during the previous sessio n, seeing that out of 36 members \\'ho had taken Lhe examination there was not one failure. To a comparati\'ely ne\\'co mer like himself, such an achie\'ement appeared remarkable and spoke \'olumes not only for the enthusiasm of the members then> selves, but also' those who had bcen entrusted with their training. Special prizc s were by Councillor S\n1'low to the cargo work e rs, and reference was made to a casc of exceptionally meritorious first aid rendered hy Messrs. Thomas and Owen, members of the class.

Prizes gained by members of the Beginners' competition team were presented by Captain F. W , Cutcliffe, \\-110 congratulated and encouraged each of the recipients. Duringthe proceedings Dr. S. Hamilton (class lecturer) was handed a suitably inscribed silver inkstand and ashtray on behalf of (he class member s , and presenLations were al 0 made to 1\ f r.

J, Marshall (secretary) and 1\11'. C. 1\ arslmll (assistant l1struclol-).

London and North Eastern.

I L\H.TLEl'OOL.-On September 14th, the Hartkvuol class held their annual social at Lhe Golden Anchor, when 1\ [1'. Leo Barker presided, and Mr. T. Saunders, dock s engineer's dcpartmcnt, presented the gained in last session. The health of Dr. W. Scott GIbb, Mayor of Hartlepool and class lecturer, was drunk in the silver cup WOI1 by the class in lhe recent competition, and the doctor "'aye some Q'oo d advicc to lhe men and referred to the acts ;f assistance donc by the members in the Hartlepools during the \\ ar. 111'. Geo. Jack 011 present. ed to the class secretary, 111'. 'N. Lawson a gold medal as some s mall reco g nilion of hi s long services as class secrctary, and "l\fr. J. \Villis district secretary, !11oyee! a yote of thanks for the artistes.

NOTTI GIIAM (G.N. SEcTION).-The competition {or lhe Local Ambulance Shield took place at Gedling- un Saturday, September 7th.

Only two teams competed this year, Leicester (8e1" Ta \'e Road) and Colwick Sidings, and the J udg c, Dr. McLean, declared the followin g result:Colwick Sidings, 393; Leicester (Belgrave Roa d), 315.

The shield and prizes were presented by Mrs. Blackhurn, who kindly l e nt her grounds for the occasion.

A \ 'ote of thanks to the doctor and l1rs. Blackburn was proposed by Mr. Sanderson (hon. sec. for the di\ 'isian), and seconded by Inspector Rick) Colwick.

The Park Lane (Gateshead) class held their annual social in the Gateshead Railway Institute on September 27th, when a large gathering of t he members and their friends gathered together for dancing, and during an intcrval Mr. Geo. Murray, class Chairman, presided) atld 11r. T. Swales, goods agcnt, presented lhe award s obtained during lhc pasl session. 1\Ir. lVrurray hall(l u\ to Mr. J. \f-../. Bru\\ 11, class Secretary, a very Ene CCllllel'1 1 of cutlery as some slight recognition of his valued services as secret.ary. Mr. Brown, in responding, spokc () r the pleasure it had always been to him to do what he could to help the class. Mr. Geo. Jackson, General Se cretary, in proposing a vote of thanks to Mr. Swales, spoke of the work of the Centre ami his hopes for another successful session.

The Heaton Loco Class held their social in the Gateshead Institute on Oct.ober 2nd) when some excell ent songs, monologues) etc., were rendered by several fri ends of the class. At an interval in thc dancing, Mr. J. Forster presided, whilst Tnspector L. Hall presented the certificates, etc., gained in the recent se sion. Mr. A. E. Armstrong, class Secretary, presented to Mr. A. Wri ght, District Secretary, a very fine oxidised silver bowl) and an ash ray, for his long services to them as class instructor, and wisllecl him and Mrs. Wright long life to use them. Mr. Wright ill reply regretted that his ol1:er c1uties would not permit of him carrying 011 the instructlOIl

October , 1929 F'IRS1"'

of the class, but l'le would always help in any other way h c Mr. Geo. Jackson, General Secretary, gave a hearty ll1VItatlOn to any raIlw'!-y employee to join the class, and. spoke. o{ the help It would be to them as cmployees 111 theIr daily work. Mr. Geo. Murray moved a vote of thanks to Inspector Hall for presenting the awa rds.

, The Works Class held their social in thc

Ga teshead Inslltut.e on October 1.1 th, when a large crowd asscn:bled and en] oyed the daJ?-clll&' and excellent songs, 1 endered by several of th.elr fnends. At the interval 10lIce Supt. J. Rodgers preSIded, and Dr. R. H. Small\\ ood presented the certiEcates and emphasised thc r ca l 0 f everyone 1ll these days havin g a knowledg'c () w?rk, bOlh on th e railway, in the streets and th_e Jl- homes, whIch would in many cases help those in timc o need. l\1r. Geo. Jackson, in proposing a vote of thanks to Dr. and Supt. Rodg e rs, spoke of the recent conceSS Ions g-I:anted to. the ambulance movement, which :\ as mo st cordIally receIVed. Amon gst t.hose present were 111 r: G, M,urray (DIslnct. Chairman), Mr. A. Wri g ht (Dls tnct Secretary), and Mr. E. Job on (Class Secretary).

The Tyne Dock Class h eld their annual socia l on (ktoller 12th in their ambulance r oom cOl1ll11encilw with a tea, by a concert, presentation of certificates. ane! \vith a dance. Mr. R. Rodgers presided and 111'. Geo: Jackson presented the 66 awards gained in the last seSS Ion them on the lar ge class and. successes, the concessions ju t g-ranted, \\ hlch \>,'cre recerved WIth loud acclamation. Mr. G. tl1oyeel, and lVlr. A seconded, ,"ote of (han ks to 1Tr. Ta c kson. 1Ir. D. Scott m(n-cel a I'ote () f lhanks to 1\11'. H.oc1g-crs [or presiding.

London , Midland a n d Scottish.

Ih ,\TOS P,\RK.-On Sept.ember 20th a social eYellin" \\ as held the John \"lalkden Institute) kindly loancd I\lr. Race lor the occaSIOn, A very en joy ab l e musical proby 1Ir. Race, was thoroughly enjoyed, and dUrIng an mlcn:al refr eshments were served, after \\ h1ch the awa rds gamed at the r ecent examination were by 11r. Farnworth, Chief Controller at Victoria \\ ho was supported on the platform by Mr. Hcap, amhu lanc c secretary. 111'. Race \\as in the chair. ole!'> )l' lhanks were proposcd lo 1\Icssrs. Farnworlh ami Blcasciale supported ).1, i\ll. HC ct]) .1\11. I'cllllWOlth lderree! to the llllpurtance (li a kllowleclg'c of !-irst aiel, and said credit must be gil'cn t(). those mcn anel women who sacrificed so much of thci r 1;I"urc to sludy it. A urprise was later sprung upon :JIr. h.acc by l\Ir. Farnworth \\'ho asked him on bchalf of the class to accepl a small pres e nt of a morocco tobacco-Douch a:" a mark of. appreciation of his valuable help. A gift \\ clS also prOVIded. for the doctor, who was, unfortunat ely, unable to attend. -

.\tVATFORD.-On September 11th 1\1r. A. vVood -Hill preSIded at the presentation o{ ambulance awards o'a inecl at lhe recent examination of the class. Mr. Wm. )Clower made the presentation, wa.s snpported hy Mr. W. E. C: tze nby and Mr. A. C. HarrIS, and many local heads of (cpar tments. Many ClmIJulance mcn and their friencls \\ ere present.

I Tn Ole COllrsc of his remarks) Mr. Clower tlro'ed upon t lose present to take 11p first -a id work anel not be conlcnt t l 1 I 1 ) ll11 1 t lCY lac p e rsuaded (hell- colleagues also to

A I D. 95

q Con tin uing, he said that whilst accidents on the ral way were r ema rkably few, ambulance men in these yays had ample opportunity for practice on the roads was a ' ery n ecessary knowledge and one worthy of encouragement.

The members of the class were to be con Tatulated on the excellent results t hat had been {or so I::al: y years. also than_ked the medical lecturer, class seCI eta ry and 111Structors tor the manner in which the' had .kept the class together, and hoped that they r 1)[ cont1l1 ue to progress. V\ ou (

I lVIrd,Wi f' C. Lazcnby proposed a vote of thanks to llC me ecturer, Dr. Buchanan, the secretary (Mr ]. C l .' LU111g), and the instructors. The doctor suitably' rep l ed

The excellent concert arranged was enjoyed

, :VILLESDEN.-On September 19th the presentation of ell cls of the above was held, and alar e bod of men and theIr wives attended Mg· - G Y N 1<ord occupied tl h' d aJ 01 • I M _ 1e c. all', ,:n the awards were presenteci )y I. A. C. Harns, aSSIstant to the Chief Officer for Labour and Establishment, who was supported 011 the by t}le loca} h.eads of departments.

I he ChaIrman, 111 1l1troducing Mr. Harris stressed the Ilecesslty for the class pulling together to new me 1 to take the place of those who r et ire from the s,'ffi t?e might always be as strong in numbers and e Clency as It. was at the present t ime.

In pre.sent1l1g the awards Mr. A. C. Harris thanked the . of the class for affording him an 0 or,of meetmg the amb ulance men of the <U_Ccl, and stated the work being done by the member ,?f _ the Ambulance mo\'ement is somethino- which calls :0 1 the a.nd. admiration of all of the aId IS knowledge which better quali'fics liS the dally !-ot1l1d and common task softeninQ' the heal ts and wldenlllg- the sympathies of thos h "h t I I < - C \\ 0 aYe <) (ca at any t11ne \\,Ith the sick and injured. , _. An excellent .concert " 'as provided, during which the \ allOl1S .presentatlOns \\ ere made includino' o-ifts to tl doctor. l11strl1clors, and c!ass b b le f t.JTht c_Iosed WIth the of a hearty "o(c o 1an s t.o Me Sl Ford and Harns and lo the artistes.

The Budlcigh Salll'rll)l1 U. D. C. ha\'C "'i\ en I1CI 111" l II I I I · :-.. ISSllln tl le Dca ( l\ ' I'>lllll of thc S J \ B t'1 LI· tl l' '1 C I ..'1. se le ouncl Ialll bel' for IllCellllgs and clas<-;es durillg the winter.

3' E

Edmonlon Cou.ncil han? consented to allow the Sl. .\mbulance Bngade to creel a small \\'ooden hUl jusl 121 Ide. Lhe fence at thc R ecreat ion ground, to bc used for purposes .by Ll1e Brigade men on cyc le patrol at the Cambndge (Artenal) road.

3' 1:1 IE

II In facl, littk lady," the eminent doclor conclude d "you not al all ,\'ell." Th e sOClcly /lapper [carfull), agrecd. "Our ncn-es arc entirell wrong," added thc eminent onc, "and our stomach is se l-jollsl:' ,of In fac,t, \\'C shall ha\'e to diet." Thc pOOl child s big blu e eycs Idled to the brim. "\Y-\\'-\\,!Jat colour, doctor?" she asked, anxiou lr.

When corresponding with advertisers kindl)' :nent'iGn (I FIRST AID."

FIRST

Help on Roads in Switzerland. *

THE Swiss Touring Club has just organised, by means of motor-cycles with side-car.

h · h '11 be runnin a on the mall1 roads 0 \V IC WI b h' h Switzerland, a service of about w IC. the" Swiss Red Cross" writes In Its Issue of Apnl 1st that it is destined to render very great services

A I D.

October, 1929.

smelling-salts, 1 "Esmarch" compression bandaae 1 boule oxygen water, 1 bottle. 1-100 grs. Xeroform,. 1 10 I.ne, black triangles, 1 reniform basll1, vanous spltnts.

? Case of surgical instruments - 1 tube steri? "P '" lized silk, 1 tube sterilized catgu.t, -' . ean incers, 4 " Kocher" pincers, 2 pairs o[ sCissors, small pincers, 1 needle-case,,, 6 suture 1 instrument case, 1 "Record 100 CC'. syrInge, in case 1 pair "Michel" pll1cers., 1 packet 23 "Michel" hooks, Caffe1l1 e, Pontopon, Antitetanic Serum.

The em blem of the Red Cross which now appears on the is at present the subject of negotiatIOns betwe.en the managing committees of SWISS Red Cross and the Swiss Tounng Clu b.

The Battle V.D.C. are to subscrihe lo th e cost of a n ew ambulance now und er constru ction.

At c-l of awards to the Amhulance Class of Co\.\'per Drydo c k held on October 2 d Ass istant Commissioner S. Embleton, No n , d' f II 6 Di str ict, s uggestt'd that a IVlSlon 0 1e S,J.A.B. be formed.

E

At thc monthly meeting of the South Sbielc.b

T 1 Council h e ld on O ctober 2nd, a letter ,;'as OWl I Id '0 ' Id e r ead s ug-ge st ing that the vounCI S pl. a town's trophy for annual. competItion. b) bulance men. It was d eC id ed to refcr same to the Finance Committee.

either in cases of breakdowns, or-and in particular-cases of accident."

The "Motosacoche" side-cars of the road mutual help of .the Swiss Touring Club are carrying a? Important equipment for the repair of motor-cars. They are ridden by agents' mechanics who will constantly be motor-cycli ng on the SW.iss main The side-cars can be rapidly ll1to stretchers for removal of the I and are fitted with the following first-aid requisites. :-

1. Pharmacy - 1 packet of cotton (500 grs.), 4 packets cotton (10 grs.), 2 packets zigzag cotton (50 grs.), 4 cartridges for dressings, 2 " Ideale" Elastika bandages (10 cm. wide), 6 gauze bandages (10 m. x 5 cm.), 6 gauze bandages (10 m. x 10 cm.), 2 boxes (1 m. x 3 cm.), 1 tin boricated vaselll1e, 1 bottle

'X- R e printed from R evue Inte1'nationale de la Croi;t:-ROllge.

Our Nurses Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE

The..: following- courses of lecture s to be h eld III London hav e been notified :-

FIRST Am.-A course of instruction in this subj ect \\'ill be given at Toynbee Hall, commencing September 27th at 8 p.m. The fee for the course is 3s. 6d.

Another course in the same subject will be given at E ccleston Guild House, commencing October 1st at 7 p.m., the fee being 5s

HOME NURSING.-At St. J ol111's Gate on alternate 'Wednesdays, commencing September 25th at 6 p.m., a course of lectures will be g iven in Home Nursing. The fc c, including that for the examination, will be 3s. 6d. Will anyone wishing to attend kindly communicate with Mrs. Webber, 31, King Henry Road, N.W.3.

STOKE NEWINGTON NURSING DIVISION.-A dance, in a id of Divisional funds, was given by No. 1 (Stoke X ewington) ursing Division on Monday) September 31st a t 7.30 p.m. A most enjoyable evening was spent) and it is ho ped that it was a success financially also. Among those present were the Mayor and Mayoress of Stoke N ewington, and District Officer T. McBride.

)JOS. 39 (TEMPLE) 1\1 D 66 (TOYNBEE HALL) NURSING DIVISIONS are combining to give their annual dance on Koyember 2nd at the Drill Hall of the Oueen's Westminster a nd Ciyil Service Rifles at Gate. It is hoped that the evening will be a jolly one. Tickets) price 2s. 6d., lI1clusive of refreshments) can be obtained of the officers a nd members of the Divisions concerned.

VISIT TO TllE LONDON HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF ANATOMY.

- On Saturday, October 12th, Nursing Divisions of Centra l Area, o. 1 District, again had the privilege..: o f visiting the..: London Hospital School of Anatomy) Amb. Officer W. J. Harris gi ving them one of his interesti ng lectures,

For those who are interested in First Aid work) an af ternoon spent here is well worth while. Actual specim ens of different parts of the body are seen, and thereby lllllch more can be learned than by weeks occupied in st udying books.

After t.he lecture, members were allowed to wander r o und t.he museum, as on the l ast visit. Amb Officer Harris, who accompanied thel11, did not seem ,to mind ho I\' many hours 11C spent explaining the different speci111< ns. He is always pleased to impart his knowledge to hi" fellow members of the Brigade) of either sex, and will a lways do his best to arrange for a party to visit the IIo pital Medical School on a Saturday a fternooll.

The members who attended on the 12th are indebted to their Lady District Officer, Miss Walker, for kindly arrangi ng the v isit.

A G ,\LLAKT ATTEMPT TO SAVE \ LJFE.-When the Bridage Flag of Central Area) No. 1 District) was dedicated on J Llne 23rd last, a young gi rl, l\Iiss F. A. Minotolle of t.he last Ambulance Sisters to be en roll ed on that date-acted as 011C of the escorting party. In Aug'ust she went t.o Jersey and hael barely commenced her holiday

SISTER-

when she was called upon to display her knowledge of first aid. A gIrl, apparently drowned, was brought out of the sea while she was standing on the shore. ':-Iiss Minot immediately set to work to apply artificial respiration, continuing until the arrival of a doctor, to whom she handed over the case, remaining to assist hIm for two hours while he did all he could to revive the patient, but without success.

At' the inquest which followed) Miss Minot was warmly congratulated on her gallant effort. In recording the accident, the local paper stated that" Too much praise cannot be given to Miss Minot, who worked strenuously during the two hours in the resuscitation methods."

The Commissioner of No. 1 District, Col. F. A. Brooks, has expres ed his great satisfaction at the work of this Ambulance Sister-a member of a new Division. All First Aiders will feel proud that one who so recently joined their ranks, so \\'orthily upheld the traditions of the Brigade, and will wish to add thdr congratulations to those of the Commissioner.

A TOTHER DISPLAY OF LIFE-Sr\YIKG.-Our congratulations are due to Miss Janet Edwards, of Clynnog, for some splendid First Aid work. On Wednesday, September 25th, at the County Hall, Caernarvon} she ,vas presented with the Certificate of Honour of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem for life-saving. l\Iembers of the Llanrug Nursing Division were present} while the men's Division was represented by the Secretary, l\Ir. E. J. Hughes.

COMPETITIOK \T HUDDERSFIELD.-T\\,cnty members of urSll1g Diyisions took part in the annua! competitions of the Buddersfield Corps on Saturday atternoon, September 30th. The first test was in rendering first aid to a man \\'ho had shot himself through the palm of the left hane!. The second one consisted of reading a temperature chart of a patient suffering with enteric fever, and proceeding with nursing the case.

The winner was Amb. Sister H. Cookman (Batley) , \\'ho was presented with the Lady Hoyle Bowl given by Emmanuel Hoyle. Amb. Sisler F. l\Iyers (\tVestgate) wa s placed second, while Amb. Sisters A.. R. L. Taylor and L. Spencer, both of l\IHfield, came thIrd and fourth respectively.

The County Surgeoll) Dr. K. H. Be:'crlcy, kll1dly judged the first te t, and l\Irs. Be\'erley, as 1 ted by Officer]. Crosland and Amb. Officer H. Lec, the nursmg one

SOUTH SllIELDs.-i'vIembers of South Shields Borough 1\ ursin'" Division assembled at the Drill Hall on September b 2-l-th, \'"hel1 the l\Iayoress (Mrs. J. \'\: ry kindly presented a wards to those who had gallled them. Two members received Service Badges-l\Irs. Fulthorpe and l\Irs. Burrell-while nine ladies recei,'cd First Aid Certificate, fi\'e of them al 0 having gained Home Nursing Certi£i. ca tes.

LADY PERROTT AT PLY IOUTII.-At the Co-Operatiye Hall, Plymouth) on Octob er 2nd, Lady Perrott, R.R.C.)

The Side-Car of the Touring Club Swiss on road service.

The Side-Car transformed into an Ambulance.

Damc of Justicc of the qnler of St. J o!ln ofJ Lady Supenntcndent-m-Cll1cf of the S.] .A. b' .. out an inspection of thc 1 urs111g and Cadet \ IO' tho'e who received her werc the lVIayol an 1110l ('1 d 11's A Andrews) ,\Iayorcss of Plymouth 1\ r. an I.. "

I 'lely :;\Iildmay of Flete (County PresIdent of the. Ul Sll1b_ J)'. "s ions) Lady Humphreys (County VIce-PreSIdent at 1 S.] .A:A.), Balsdon (Lady County qffi.cer),_ T/County Commissioner T. Pengelly, T jCommIsslOnel II. V. 1\Iiller, Col. J. P. S. vVard (County Surgeon),. and others. A guard of honour was formed .by membel s of the Brigade under Corps Supt. W. Pethwlck. 1 '-

In extending' a welcome to Lady Perrott, the MclYOl spoke of the valuable work done by members of J1rig'ade, and ho\\ much It was appreCIated by all 111 thel!

The Lady 111 reply, that she was very proud to be aga111 11l hel !Jeloved of De\'on. She had always felt great pnde 111 hIgh ·t· I"d of ,"ork exhibited b)' the Plymouth DlvlslOns, S clllt ell, - 1 f 1'" \\ hich compared \'Cry favourably \\,Ith tlat a ot leI s 111 the County.

_

Lady Pc rroll inspectcd the pa rade, W consIsted () [ some 150 nurses and 200 cadets, af.ter wh!ch demonstrations were gi\'en in practical FIrst AId and 111 11l1r ing. L d 1\1 11

Durin o' the course of the afternoon, a y I kindly warrants to 1\Iiss Davey, appomtill'" her to the position of Lady Supenntendent, and to Pengelly and l\Irs. Lawrence, who thus became Lady Ambulance Officers.

111 proposing a hearty '1ote of thanks to Pel ott [or coming; such a long way to carry out the 111spe ctI<? 11 Lady Mild111ay said she hoped the La.dy tendcnt-in-Chief had enjoyed the excellent dIsplay gIVen. She herself was deeply impressed by all had see n, and congratulated the members on efficlency.

Replying, Lady Perrott thanked Lady .Mrldmay. and TjCounty .Pengelly for then enthUSIasm on behalf of the AssoClatlOn throughout the County.

The inspection closed with .a vote of thanks to the Mayor and lIIayoress for attend111g, and to the Plymouth Co-Operative Society for the use of the hall. The announcement was also made that a new motor amb.ulance costing £690 had that da!, been added to the of thc local Division, \\'111Ch would greatly faCIlItate the \york in thc city.

_

A I O.

October, 1929

England from London, Wales, Liverpool, and even farther 11orth By the inte r est they they testIfi.ed to that spirit of wh Ich eXIsts. between cll! those who serve undcr the Elght-P0111ted ClOSS. . " .

The work of the members was much in the late evenings through of the. CIty Elwineer and his staff in arrang111g effiCIent hght1l1g 111 the

The followi1ltr unsolicited testimonial) which in the Evening Hberald last month, .pays a splendId to the women who gave up thclr tIme to help t.hos l holiday-makers in necd of treatment dUrIng t.he ten wcek s t.he tent was pitched:THE BORN-NOT MADE-NURSING SISTER.

"The Sisters of thc Nursing Brigade attach.ed to th e St. John Ambulance, whose fine tent shows up 111 relief on the grass of what used to be called the. Du ll Ring, have had a busy Summer Sea.son-and their ministry to sufferers from aCCIdents and to! lId hcat.

" This kind of Nurse is born, not evolved as a resul t of hard training; not t.hat train1ng is lack1l1g, clse thos e who seek aid would fare bael ly when fracturcs. alld broken limbs and heart attacks g-i \ e to palle,n b and those responsible for them. As a ChIef among- C'11l takin' notes, I have remarked on the senSIbly practlc al attitude of the Ambulance Nurses when they are rcquisitioned for a Case.' They do what l!as to ?e dOIH quickly, kindly, WIthout any sort of offiCIal palade of knowledge or power, though, as a of. fact, thc) have both the one and the other. TheIr Iclca secms immediate alleviation of pain and thc rcmoval of fec:r, and the implanting of implicit It IS worth. whIle to watch the methods and sec anxlOUS cr ases lJelll g moved fro111 lined foreheads whIlst smIles strugg'le WIth tears, and the patient recovers courage balan ce. Hats off to all \\'ho minister, but morc espeCIally to th e "oluntary and unpaid nurse who .hot suns, cold rains and chilly sea mists, caring noth1l1g· 1£ only she can he of sen'ice to humanity."

Red Cross Branch Ne w s.

BATII.-The annual inspection of the Bath British Red C r oss Detachments (Vo l untary Aid Detachments, Somerset 108) 120, and 35, and the Bath Red Cross Detachment, Somerset 39) took place in the Wessex RE. Drill Ha ll, Bath, on Saturday afternoon, October 5th The inspecting officers were Lieut. -Co l. M . P . Corkery, O.B.E , and Brig.-Gen. H C Frith, CB.

The women's detachments (Somerset 108 and 120), co mmanded respectively by Mrs. Go ldie and Mrs Pitt, we re nrst inspected, being tested in first aid, home nursing, preparation of hospital comforts) and cooking.

Lady Waldegrave, D.B.E. (President), made presentatio ns to Mrs. C B. Thring) who recently resigned the o ffice of vice-president (Bath), and her daughter) Miss Thring, who has resigned the commandantship of Somerse t 108. M r s. Thring has been made an hon. vicepresident.

After the presentation there was a tea interval fo llowecl by the inspection of the men's detachments, So merset 35 (Commandant, Mr. Rich) and Somerset 39 (Co mmandant, Mr. Stock).

ISLE OF WIGHT BRANCH.-On Saturday, September 28t h, H.R.H. Princess Beatrice, accompanied by Slr V ictor Cockran, K.CV.O., Miss Bulteel (lady-in-waiting), and Mrs Christopher H eseltine, motored from Caribrooke Castle to Osborne House to distribute the certificates, cups, medals, and challenge shield won during thc yea r by the members of the V.A.D. of the Island Branch of the British Red Cross Society.

patient was treated in a vcry professional way. The Droxford contingent were under the direction of their CQmmandant (1\Irs. Bridge).

A contingent of thc Fareham V.A.D. (Hants 30) were also present, under their Commandant (Mrs. Hulbert), and demonstrated anti-gas treatment. General Cree explained to the audience the method of treating "mustard" gas poisoning, which might be used to a great extent if another war did occur. The Fareham detachment hac! crected what would be described as an ideal mustard-ga s <;tation, and members dressed in special anti-gas clothing rcnclered first-aid.

Finally, the 'Ne tend Junior Red Cross, under Nursc Goodv"in, gave a display of bandaging. Each demonstration was inspected by the County Controller and County Director, and was heartily applauded by the audience. At the close General Cree voiced tile thanks of the visitors to iII'S. Bamforth, and a collection was taken on behalf of Red Cross funds. The patients and messengers werc supplied by Botley Girl Guides and one boy. The yisitors were entertained to tea by Mrs. BamforthJ and hefore leaving spent a oIly time at various games.

PLY?IOUTII SEASIDE TENT DUTY.- ursing Divisi?ns

J11 the Plymouth district have had a busy summer, haV:111g 111Hkrtaken to staff the Ambulance Tent at Bull. R111g, l llY ll10nth Hoc, from July 15th) when it was 1111til it was struck on September 23rd. Each \\ as responsible for one day a the duty last111.g fr()m 10 a.m. until 9.30 p.m.) or later If \\ as in addition to ordinary public duties, whIch, dUrIng; the summer months, are exccptionally heavy. How wep the members carried out the duties allotted to them IS a ttestcd by the Lady County Officer, Mrs. J?alsdon,. and thc T j Commissioner, the latter not only pay111g a to the work and self-sacrifice of the Ambulance Slste!'s, but also to that of Mrs. Balsdon herself) who was responsible for organising and carrying out the duty.

It was not always possible to have than one Ambulance Sister in attendance, but N urS1l1g Cadets proved very valuable assistants as orderlies.

During the period 0 [ the duty, 3-1-8 cases ,,,,:cre treated, and includcd, besides minor cuts and abraSIOns, a boy apparently drowned, fractured patella, collapse due to heat and swimming:, dog hites., fish hooks cmbedded under the skin (ten c:.jlses), etc.

Thosc on c1nty were Ycry dcllghtcd to : lSllS from mem11ers of the who were on 110lJday 111 or ncar tllc city. These visitors came from all parts of

PLYMOUTII V A.D.s.-During the past few th e four St. J 01111 Detacllments been a coursc of instruction al1d practIce 111 tl-:c applIc.atlOll of the Thomas Splint, and in protectIOll agamst ga.s warfare The Superintendent of the Royal Naval Antlgas School (by the courtesy of the Commodore of tl:c Royal Naval Barracks) to teach the memb els something of the latter subJect.. Twelve of them ha d thrilling experience, for, fitted WIth ga masks, WCle allowed to enter a gas chamber to makc a rcahsttc

On November 2nd, Col. C R Evans, I)irecto1' of Army Medical Stores, and TjCOJ1l1l1ISSlO11 cr

II. V. Miller (Devon County Representative of the Or.d er of St. John), carried out the annual V A.D. 1l1SpectlO n, Lady County Officer, Mrs. B.alsdon, haVing made thc arrangements. The follow1l1g detachments weI e on parade :-Devon 100, under Commandant Miss SmIth; Devon 112, under Commandant Mrs Carder; Devon 114-: under Commandant Mrs. Abbott; Devon 116, unel ci Commandant Mrs. Hastings; Devon 120, under Commandant Miss Wood, this latter heing- the recently formed City of Exeter V.A.D.

A demonstratiol1 of practical work was glVen, onc end of the hall being fitted up as a. Cotta ge Hospital, while, at the end,. eIght 1l1Jured pers oll s were lying having; been Involved 111 a moto r smash.

Col. Evans addressed the Parac1e at the close of the inspection, expressing his satisfac.tion at all that he had seen, al1cl Riving- some use Flll ac1vIce.

Hems (D i vis ion al news and competiti on c soc a l duties, lectures, etc.) fo r Ih is page sh n ul d be senl to Ambulance s ste r, c o The Ed ito r, FIRST A m, 46, Cann on S t., L o n don Kc'4·

The Princess, who is the President of the Island hra nch, was received by Major-General Sir Guise-Guise K.CR.) CM.G. (County Director), the nurses on parade gaye the Royal salute, and the band of the 43rcJ Light Infantry (Oxon and Bucks) played the opening bars of the National Anthem. Col. R M. W cst) D.S.O.) was ill command of the detachments, with Miss Waiste11 (Ass istant County Direc to r) as second officer. The Princess ,vas presented with a lovely houquet of chrysanthe111U 111S by the liale ,Q,Tand-clallghter of Major-General Sir (;l1 isc Moores, and after the distrihution her Royal Highness witnessed fro111 the terrace () [ Oshorne H Ol1se the ma rch-past of the V.A.D.'s.

HAMPSIHRE BRANCIL-By the kind invitation of 1\1r Ra mforth, a demonstration of Red Cross work was giyen in the beautiful gardens at Wangfield House. There was a good attendance of interested spectators drawn from the surrounding villages, the company including General Cre e (the County Controller) and Mr. Morey vVilliams (the County Director).

The demonstration was opened by the Bishop's Waltham (Hants 160) Detachment, who dealt with an accident to a boy, who, whilst paddling, had fallen into a pond and was apparently drowned. He also had a cut artery in his right ank le. Bishop's Wa l tham, who) in the absence of Mrs. Jackson (their Commandant) were under the charge of Mrs. A lsen (Assistant Commandant), dealt smartly with the" accident."

The Droxford Detachment (Hants 192) then dealt with a motor accident, in which one patient had been badly burnt with tar and the other had broken rihs. The most serious l y inj ured patiel1t was conveyed direct to a cottage Hospital t hr ee-quarte r s of a mile away} and here the

1\IIDDLESBROUGII.-The activities of the Middlesbrough detachment of the British Red Cross Society will be greatly extended by a new scheme which is to be put into operation shortly. Owing to the ever-increasing volume of road traffic and the heavy accident roll it has bcen thought advisable to invite persons who are not members of the Society and who do not wish to become members to enrol as members and take a training course in first-aiel under the auspices of the Society. They will attend meetings at the National Resen'e Club) Grange Road, every Thur day eYening, and will gain a sounel knowlcdge of how to deal tcmporarily and cffectiyely \\-ith cmergency cases which come into their experiencc. The Society also advi es all motorists, whether car or cyclc o\\"ner , to carry \\'ith them a small first-aid equipment, which would not cost more than eigllteenpellCl' at a chemist, and \\'ol1lc1 he invaluahle in the case of accidcnt eilher to hilllsel i o r another motori t.

PENRITII.-On unda}, September 22)1(1, thcre \\ 'e l'(' interesting demonstrations and inspections in connection with tile Penrith Men's and \i\, omen's Detachments of thc Y.A D. Penrith has the only men' detachment in Cumbcrland. The inspecting officer was Colonel Martine, Deputy Director of Mcdical Services, Chester, and he was accompanied by Colonel Haswell, Penrith, the County Controller, of the BriLish Reel Cross Society's organisation. The Drill Hall and the Lark Hall Children's Homc were used for the inspection and demonstration. Colonel Martine expressed himself as pleased \\'ith all he had seen. Colonel Haswell al 0 added a few words of congratulation, and expressed 11i5 pleasure at the high position occupied by Penrith in the matter of ambulancE' organisation.

SOMERSET BR.\XCII.-The annual War Office inspection of the V.A.D. Somerset /19 took place at St. John's School on Monday nening" Septembcr 23rcl. Licut.Col. M. P. Corkery, O.B.E., was the in pecting officcr. and Brig.-Gen. H, C Frith) c.B. (countr director of th<::

FIRST

h R d Cross Society) accompanied .on l.ookers w.as. Mrsb MC1ds -

1 all s l\,r K' Marsh Commandant of the omen s anc l'J.1 SS ,

Detachment. d d d Commandant P. F.

The Delachment para e un er E J Soyer

1 whom were Quartermaster '.' : WIt lffi DAN Haig Senior SectIOn Lead e l MedIcal 0 eer r. . , d T M d o- and Section Leader W. Poun '. s. A accident formed the subJ ect f of , Th" atient" had been thrown rom. IS year s test. e p d He was unconscIOus machine and had fractured y First aid had to be rendered. a hIS nght f how a complete exammatlOn Celse to ascertain from what the " rider" was suffering. d'

Lieut.-Col. Corkery commented on played, the :vork of some of the sectIOns beml"> , 111 hIS opinion partIcularly good. .., D h t B G F l'th before the etac men, n g .- en. r , < I d th expressed r eoTet at the resignation, follow1l1g t le f e\ of h e r of Mrs. Kewley, .and on behalf? e 1 ed the new vice-PresIdent o f the DIstrict, men we com 1\1rs. Maudslay.

Enemies of Knowledge.

Being the Third Stephen Paget Memo.rial Lecture deliveTed at the annual g eneral meettng of the R esearc h Defence Society on June 12th, 1929.

By PROF. A. V. HILL, O.B.E., Sc.D., F.R.S

( Concluded from page 68.)

RELIGION AS A CLOAK FOR INTOLER ANCE:

Tt is strange how otten religion, or what IS alleged to be religion, is made the. b.asis of intolerance .. To pass from the sublime to the ndlculous, ev.en. a. p a r.Ish magazine may be used as the vehicle for antI-VIVIsectIOn propao-anda In the Parish Paper of the Church of St. Jude-onthe-Hill (Hampstead Garden of May 24t,?" 192?, the Rev. B. G. Bourchier himself to ask mtelhgent people" to take the opportu111ty of the General tion, now past, to put an. end to "the waste of pubhc money" involved in medical research protested there against the ex penditure of £148,000 the last financial year by the Medical Research. CounCIl. of us who know the admirable use to whIch that m?ney IS put, in promoting medical knowledge .and the h ealth and happiness of the commu111ty, would :Vlsh a formal protest to be made against s.uch p,ropaganda m such a place. The reverend gentleman IS entttled to hold whatever private he chooses about. the characters and ablhtIes of those engaged 111 search; the use , however of his author.ity pOSItIOn 111 the national church as a means of the work of an organisation which is se.rving mank111d. least as well as he is, is a dis g race whIch the authontles of t?at church would do well to note. It is as though the MedIcal R esea rch Council were to permit an attack upon the Church of England an? its priests to be launched by one of it s iunior workers 111 the pa ges of a report! It may be said that this is an isolated case. .Unfortunately n?t.

In the British Weekly, a nonconformIst newspaper WIth an enormous circulation, in the issue of 1929 , there is a laro-e advertisement by the BntIsh U111?n for Abolition of Vivisection in which it is asked, "w 111 God

A 10. O ctobe r , 19 29.

allow the interests of Humanity to be by violac. f H' 1 w of compassion? Is HIS bless111g to t.wn 0 barbariti e s as (1) baking animals 111 ovens est upon o.h O' lass doors to see how long th ey an1d dOo.s' limbs over their backs and ta <e to Ie b b d 1 . tl th us up placing them in plaster-of-Pans an <eep111g lIe m . 6 k tc " ? A woman doctor whom I mow, 0- to wee s, e . 1 B'f h Un on voked by this advertisement, wrote to t le n IS 1 and asked what evidence they had these alleged 't' In reply to her letter a vIsitor came to see atlocI les. G HI' Members who 'ave the name of race aw {Ins. . the Defence Society may that m J al of the spring' quarter of thIS yeal there was our OUlnc d df· theI-Iampsome amusing correspond ence repro uce d Al l' Hell " stead Gaze tte. A letter h eaded" Allege s , sio'ned by this same Grace had pomted out tha t "teino- an artist" she did not Wish to def en,d u&,l y head of the Medical (SIC ) H q t d b It that she deSired to cal l attentlOn to at amps ea) l c k .' d h · ably o-reater ug' l111 ess of the wor cal n e t e Immeasur b h 11 ., t f h' 't "Within thiS al11mals e VIVlsec ors 0 on WIt 111 1 ., h'?) f· th' both sexes (what is t he implIcatIOn of t IS per ?lm elr ts upon the quivering boches 0 f lIv e and expenmen . t pen e a<Yonised cries of these helpless vIctIms. some lmes. t;ate into houses near by, causing dlstre h ss mmd f in fact, so great apparently is the distress. t "some 0 the residents and visitors have left the dlstnct. 6hes e statements were challenged by our Sec.retary, but. Hawkins gave as h e r reason for refus111 g to pubhsh th e facts her reluctance to dra,w into the controvel:S):. Anyhow she visited my fnend m referenc e to the ad\ eltisement'in the British Weekly. Wh en asked. what wa s her evidence for the alleged atrocities she saId that thle first of them was committed ?y Cl.aude It too ( some time to make h e r admIt, WIthout prejUdICe to tl:.e uestion of whether he had reall y performed the expel 1that Bernard was dead these many years) that be had in France and not in this and at a time when standards of kindn ess to a111mals were lower than they are to-day. Her only defence w.as fin a .y "how do we kn ow that such things are not gomg.OI: 111 England now?" The evidence for No.2, the of dogs' limbs etc., was from an antl-vlVlsectlOn Journal! The evldence. for .1'1 3 cam e from J ohn Bull. Grace Hawlons, gettmg htt .e change out of my friend, rema,r;ked that she had alwa} s found that women doctors were harder than men becau se they are afraid of appearing sentimenta!." Wh en she the lady on whom she had called, wISh111g to end e interview as pleasantly as possi?le, thank:d Hawk 111s for troubling to com e to her of VIew, sho.ok her hand and said good bye With a sml.1e; drew herself up dramatically and cned: t smIle, don't smile, your smile will haunt me. Oh, m ay God soften your heart." .What ca_I? d?one WIth the se people except lau g h at th e lr eccentI lC1tIes.. '

Please do not imagin e that I am attack111g: rehg lOn. Among scientists and medical men, among phtlosoph ers and thinkers, there are many who view genuine religious standpomt. . If rehglOn b I regarded as an affair of the SpIrIt, and. not a. for ma acknowledgment of ecclesiastical authonty, and philosophers are probably among the most people in the community They, at any rate, recognIse some authority in Nature outside themselves , by na me they may call it. They do not parade theIr openly and they do not call on God so often to JustIfy , 0 to their follies and are perhaps confident that their partIcular faIth IS nght. They !<11 0 how difficult the problems are. Between true sct ence, however and true religion there is no confiict. The is science and reason on the one .hc;nd, and relI gIOn used as a cloak for intolerance and stupldlty on the oth er.

October, 1929. FI R ST

It is necessary to say this clearly, for in answer to my protests against this misuse of religion I have 110 douht lhat, under a smoke-screen of abuse, our opponents will trai l a red -herring across our path (they will mix their metap hors too) and assert, with pious hands raised to heaven, that I am aLLacking religion. Well, I am not. 1 have been attacked befo re now for not attacking r eligion.

LIBEL AND SLANDER.

Perhaps, how eve r, it is a good thing that science and scie ntific men should be continually suspect by the commun ity whom t h ey serve; it prev ents, to use the lingo of adver tisem ent, "t hat pontifical feeling"; it is good for them to be on lheir defence and not to ha ve their results too readily accepted. Whether it is eq u a lly good for the comm unity to discredit its scientists I doubt, but that is ano ther matter. Criticism and hostility, above all, bind them together into a brotherhood. It may not be commonly known, but it is nevertheless a fact, that the Physiological Society was founded 53 years ago, as the direct result of anti-v ivisectionist agitation, for the mutual benefit and protect ion of physiologists. This is one of the great services which that agitation has rend e r ed to mankind. The Physiological Society was the eld er sister of the American Physiological Society: it s influence on the promot ion of physiological knowledge by experime nt and thereby indirectly on medicine, ha s been world-wide. University College is the proud possessor of a Bayliss Fund, which is u sed to assist physiological research: it represents the pr oceeds of an action fo r lib el brought by Sir W. M. Bayliss aga inst Mr. Stephen Co ler id ge ; another contribution by a nti - vivisection to medical research. There are not many such good deeds to relate. r wish I had time to tell you of some of the follies of anti-vivisection wh ich I have been privileged to witness. One I must mention, fo r it ill\ olves Stephen Paget) the founder of our Society. Lord Cromer came to speak to the Cambridge Branch. Sir George Darwin was in the cha ir. Steph en Paget of course was there. Two old ladie s, breathless and with their bonnets all awry, arrived in the hall. I watched them nudging and encouraging each other. At last, when questions were invited, one of them got up and demanded: "Mr. Chairman, is it true that at the Pasteur Institute they m?-ke dogs mad by pokin g them with red hot pokers?" A difficult question to answer. We shall probably have just such questions to-day. After the meeting Paget and I v,,rere talking on the teps outside: he, if I remember right, was smoking a cigarette and blowing the smoke to the sky. The two old lad ies rushed up to us and began upbraiding him: h e turned his face ttp\"ra rds to the h eaven (his friencls may remember that his face was no common one, and I shall never forget the picture): he inhaled more deeply from the cigarette: he waited patiently for a pause in the abuse: deep from his in side , his face still upwards to heaven ) came a voice"Madam, T advise you to be very careful in the statements that yo u make." No 111 0 r e. The old ladi es took up the cudg-els ag-ain and belaho ured him-again a pause-a voice still cleeper from his inside) his face still upward s to the sky: "Madam) I advise you to be extremely careful in the statements that you make." The old ladies could bear it no lon ge r: gathering up their skirts they fled across the square and we saw them no more: I fear they are still an ti -v ivi sectionists.

Perhaps, however, the g-reatest expe rience of all was when my colleag-ue, Prof. Lovatt Evans, was accused of stealing dogs for use in his laboratory and I, attempting to draw off some of the enemy's fire, dared to write to the Times, pointing out that 40,000 dog-s per annum aTe lls elessly destroyed in London alone, with the connivance of the anti-vivisectionists, and that if we could have some, say 1 pcr cent., of tllese, there would be no chance of our buying stolen ones. TIle argument was so obviously

pertinent and the result, from the anti-vivisection standpoint, so und es irable that-as I hoped-a flood of abuse descended upon me, much of which was unfit for publication, though it pleased, if not edified, our medical students when it was exposed on the screen. Shortly afterwards my colleague, Professor Verney, was prosecuted for stea lin g a dog, and a similar flood of obscene abuse descended upon him and upon Sir Gregory Foster, Provost of University College. A month or two later I was r ep roached by the" English Branch of the World League against Vivisection and fo r the Protection of Animals," for having tortured my so n durin g my Christmas Lectures at the Royal Institution! To a foreigner these sound like fairy stories, but they are literally true.

THE PATH OF PROGRESS.

In all lands there are scientific workers: their problems are necessarily the same: their methods are the same: their ultimate appeal to Nature as an arbiter between their theories cannot be different. We are, or we should be-in physiology indeed I ha ve good reason to know we are -a great brotherhood unbroken by frontiers and national hatreds. It was not so for a time after the War, and it is still not so in some other branches of science. Only t hree years ago a scientific man of high standing told me, apparently with deep feeling that he would rather hinder the progress of knowledge than associate with German professors! If there is one thing in the world which should be international it is the pursuit of knowledge, and such a point of view infuriat es one not less but more than the calumnies of anti-vivis ect ionists. It is more common and more dangerous and it is not mitigated by any obvious and inherent absurdity. It is a negation of the common human factor in civilisation.

There is one last type of intolerance to ,, hich I shou'd refer: this is' the intolerance of scientific theory. Very often, upon admitted facts, a theory is based ,'\'hich represents not the whole truth but only one aspect of the truth. B ecause a process follows the laws of conduction of heat it does not follow that it is conduction of heat-other processes follow the same laws. l\Iany theories which will exp lain a limited number of facts may proYe right when the number of facts is increased. Let us admit that evo lution is a fact: it is inconceivable otherwise in face of the evidence. The theory of natural selection was put forward to explain the admitted facts of e,·olution. To some that theory has become a dogma just as hard and unb ending as those of religious orthodoxy Science too is apt to have its" Thirty-nin e Articles." Such an attitude of dogmatism is dangerous. To suppose that theories are facts, to be intolerant of those who do not believe one's theories while admitting- one's facts, is to hinder progress from wi thin just as effectively as others can hinder it from without. The attitude of the dictator had better be altogether avoided. Continual scepticism, both of other people's theories, but more particularly of one's own, is needed if we are, how ever slowly, to progress. Such scepticism may m a ke us unpleasant people to live with, but it ensures that whatever little progress we may achieve is upwards and not down.

CONCLUSION.

One last word. It is possible to hold strong opinions and still to be tolerant. We must have theories) and we may believe them very implici tly, if we are to progress. A sheer accumulation of facts will gradually overwhelm the human brain, if no means of ordering them be available. We must, however, continually reflect upon the possibility that after all we may be wrong. So long as VJe do nothing unfair to other people and their theories, so lono- as we do not interfere with their liberties in the of their lawful business, our own belie/s, our own stupidity and ignorance, may be forglven. InSIde

I \1e fr()1lt page of a rccC'nt hook Oil physical c:t!'ttron0111Y a rril'lld of mille pasled a cartoon of a young lady talking to an old fisher111an: "\Vhat did yOll think," she says "of last night's wireless lecture on the atom?" " heard such a pack of lies in my life." That, howeyer, is not the same thing as intolerance; no old fisherman \yould \\'ish to burn, to imprison, or eyen to pray for the deaths of Professor Eddington and Sir James Jcans. I do not much care if the Countess of X., or her friends in the GO\ erll111ent, take (he same cheerful view that the results of m e clical research are a "pack of lies " That is her hu iness, and after all, 1 probably have the s a me conlempt for many of her sacred heliefs. I am content to leave the decision between us in such matters t o he puhlic intelligence. \A/hat I do protest against, and \,-onld fight against with all my strength, are calumnies and per ecution, and attempts at legal interference with our liberties, wantonly intended to hinder the advance of knowledge; or nalional and political hatreds which preyent cooperation in the greatest of human quests; or theories, howeyer well grounded, which their owners cannot conceive as being otherwise than true. In such matters, aher all, modesty, friendliness, humanity, judgment, hal anced by a reasonable sense of humour are) as in ()ther things, the basis of human welfare. ------.--.-------

Reviews .

THE JUVENILE M.\NUAL. London: St. John Ambulance Association. Price 2S. 6d. (Ord e rs "nust hc <;igned hy Officers in charge of (<ldel Diyisiolls.)

\Ve hm e receiyed from St. John's Gate a copy of " ] U\ enile l\fanual » and we heartily congratulate the Commit(ee, under the Chairmanship of T j C011l11lissioner Hedley V. ]\[iller, S.J. r\. B., on the result of their work.

It is a book which is of great interest to all engag-eu in amhulance work, but more especially, as lhe title indicates, cadet \\'ork.

The 228 pages arc packed with interesting data of \\'lmt cadeh should klh1\\' and contains oyer 70 illustrations. The Order of Sf. .T ol1n, the \ssociali(1n and Brigade arc freeh dealt with. The book i-. divided into sccli(1ns and all hm e been catered for.

It is impossible to giye a full list of contents but the following' will gi\'E' some idei'lof the subjects dealt withOrder of St. John; Cadet Uniform, ; Badges and Regulations; Shorl Stories bearing- on .-\mbulance Work; Badge Tests; Drill; Camping; S\vimming Nature Study; Fire Fighting; Sea and Boat Training' ; Hi'lndicraft; Cooking, and numerous instances of deeds of braver\', vVe arc intormed that lhe first edition is for the usc of cadets and is bping- sold under cost price. After their requiremcnts have been met, any remaining -::opies will he sold at cost price.

:-\ meeting was held in the Parochii'll Hall, Great Ayton, on Tuesday, September 17th, to complete the arrangements for the formation of a division of the St. J 01111 Ambulance Brigade. The appointment of 1\lr. Waynman Dixon, who is a Knight of the Order of St. John, was confirmed, and other appointments \\"cre made as follows: Mr. Noel [Zitching, !\ttr. F. VV. Kirkby, instructor; ir. T. Winn, rcpresentatiye to the AssociaLion Committee, -\]-)Qut:10 nW11l her..; were ('11 rolled,

October, 1929

"F irst Aid " Marking Sheet Librar y.

REFERRING to the not ice of above which appeared i n ou r last number, we are sorry to say that the response does not warrant us proceeding with the matter. \ l\! e are afraid that this will be a disappointment to some of ou r enthusiastic readers who have fonvarded their names for registration, but, as we previous l y pointed out, the revised Textbook makes the task a far heav ie r one this year.

fettet's to the

Weare in no way responsible fo r the opinions exp ressed or the statements made, by Corresponden ts.- EDITOR.

N.S.W. RAILWAYS.

SJR,-A brief account of the N.S. W. Railways--Rail\\'ayand Tramwi'lys Ambulance Corps ",ill doubLless be of to your readers.

I am an instructor, gold medalist (11 years) and hold er of the Dr. Woodward Mens' Medal given by our Railw ay s Commissioners to be competed for annually (only 5 gi\ en in the year) and members winning same are entitled to the honour of being called the best" First-Aider» in the Distri ct to wbich they belong, for that season. I belong to t he l\Ielropolitan Section; then there are the Western, South e rn, Northern and the Tram ways. vVinners retain lhe med a l. The medal is about 2 in. across x tin. lhick, bronze, w ith Dr. vVoodward's head and bust on front and ambul<t nc e cross on back.

I also hold a special certificate from tbe Chief COIllmissioners for de\'otion to the Corps. J ha\'e been in t he Service 20 years, and ha\'e 11 years' credit in examinati o n..;, and since getting- my life membership gold !11cual, 11<\\'0 hCl' n instructing 5 years, making' a total of 16 years in Corp..; 1 ha\ e jusl completed our 1929 season with 2 classc<;, having:n passes out of 35 members.

Our Rail ways Commissioners ar" very gond to LIS, a nd give every encouragement to the ernployees to take cour -. cs in "first aid» by supplying instructors allover thc St a tl'S (N. S. W.) with Free passes to the classes, Free F. i\. honks, and all awards up to 11 years' membership, including- 5th year, 8th year and 11th year gold award There is also the Dr. Woodward l11.en's Bronze Medal, a Special Certifi ca te from Chief Office, and a sold Silver Vase for "actual First Aid rendered" during thc year considered to have been the most efficient by doctors. The owner of Vi'lse also win s the year's cup to hold for 12 months.

I am alway on the look out for anything- new, and tell you that I watch ,( Q. and A. to Correspondents in your iournal, by Dr. Corbet Fletcher, closely. In fact, I m a ke up a lot of supposed cases from these queries, June, 19 29, issue contains some good 11ints--P. L. ( \ berfarn), G B. (Shulllcwood), and A . D. (Milford I-Iaven). Yours tru l y, FIRST AmER (N.S.\V.).

October, 1929. FIRST

Detailed Marking Sheet, N o. 17.

IND l lDUAL TESTS.

BE,\HEH No. 1.-The man has been" I hcad alld presents tbe fo ll owin' r CI the Blood shot anc[ II g sJgns. Seml-conscLO u s. swo en eyes Bl I fOccasiona l vomiting of b l l on d 1 nght - ear aid. re 00. Render

Send instantly for doclor

i\cljust position of patie n t

Head and shoulders raised

Turn head to right side

nfasten all ligh t clolh ing

CO cr warmly with ruu's

01- cold water to contil'l'UOusly

En s ure abundance of fresh air

.\pplyabsorbent dressing to ear

Bandage lightly

Gi\ e nothing by the mouth

Te sted hot-water bottles to bod'')' all' b'" P nc lin s

'\.ell;O\ e to sh eJter as early as possible

I?OIl t leave hllll unless unavoidable

Extras for Ccll-e and attention

QUESTJO TS.

Wh .t is probably the matter? (Coll7plI!ssion and FracIm'eli base o/sl.:ul1)

vi/ha would be the condition pulse and ? (P 1."

S 11Ildjull; Pupils unequal) use

\\h at artery SUPI)lies the Bral'll? (I: t c n erna arotui)

> , BE \.RER 2. Vertical wound f

+0 4 -f 2 50

Bo\\ els protrudll1g. Doctor obtainable 0 the \bJomen per:,o n in the acl of giving a drink. in 25 minutes. .{

Sl.)p l:erson giving allY 1110,re drink

\sk h 1111 how much o-i, en of note

Remove any tight c lothing

I;:e bag or .c? d waler cl oths 'ill' ur

I position of application J Y

Fann in g (2) S I 1 H ld II ' pnn { e cold water 011 the face (2) o sme. ll1g salts to the nostrils nghL arm in large sling '"

If no Improvement shown band )' r :", -

From feet to I' (2) age 1mb::. fll lilly l i pS Hands to shoulder (2)

Renewal of cold applications care until doctor arrives

Treat ing proper side of body

QUESTION, -fO

WhaL are the advantao- fl' P _ b es 0 aylllg the patienl do\\'n ; reve?ts p,:tlent falling Heart s actIOns slower Less blood escape , chance of c10t .\SSISts the vital funclions b

BEARER No + La- d " calf f 1 ft I " - t ge eep 1I1clsecl wound across lhe < 0 e eg, severe bleeding,

Adjust the patient's position al once i\Sk (apparent1.J1 '" 2 2 raIse and apply tourniquet to Also ligature below wound N if bleeding stops

-f 2 otl11g patient's condition and treatin'"

2 2 2

Found--a Silver Medallion at the North-East Coast Exhibition, Newcastle, marked W. H. Smal ley, No. 276182. Same can be had on application to R. 1\'[, Price, 25, Hasting SI reet) Sunderland.

hlln for Doctor with me?sage

td ) on couch (2) head and shoulder raised (2) ."

,egs flxed (1) and head turned one side (1)

Bare wound (2)" 1 f I' () \\' _, ,:P,P)' so 1I1t 2 ; clean soft lo\.\'el(2)

Jling out of sterd Ised water

Hol as can be borne by of salt to each pint of HO\ CI wIlh cotlon wool or soft clean flannel

ol \\ 'ater bottles to sides of bod' , warm (2) "'d Y ". "

G' , <. n\ OI any pressure on abdomen (2) 1\ l: nOlhlng by mouth (2). Tactful handling (2)

QCESTIONS.

Wh) a dd salt to waler ? WI' w1> , IS soft IIne.Il <-lcl\'ised to bowel?

lmh are lhe lIkely organ to protrude?"

BEARER No 3 --Y - 11 d ...)

-f0 + -f 2 "'0

hllU " " ou .al e ca e lo rour neIgh bour's rib man suffenng from a fracture of riu-ht lower \\ Ith sellOUS lllLernal bleeding. Patient very ill.:::' R ender

AWl send urgenlmcssau-e for doclor nlte 'tl' b 2 La " n, WI 1 reliable person '" 2

In a recumbent position

P ctcllow and turned lo I-jo'ht side 2 position on couch improvised and sUI:port well 2

oVlde free circulatIOn of air 2

\fter just o\'er ten years' use the Lo\\"estoit S] c\ B has been replaced by a ne\\' 20-b. p. . .. ·1" • \ust1l1 motor ambulance. slx-cy wer

The following re ults of ambula"ce competitions ha\ e come to hand :--l\Iexbro' l\Iontague Hospital Shield was _September 21 .t, 25 teams competing, with the fol10\\ 111l") 1 esult: 1st, Hlckle(on Main Colliery 16-f points' 2nd, Colliery (No.1), 162 3rd, Collien-' IndJ\'ldual: 1st, T. v\!. Parker, 1\1am-ers Main Collier)."

G, Brooks, Pontefract Colllery' 3rd G Hodg'l' ' :\la11\'ers 1\1ain Collier)'. On September 28'tll '18 t {IIlSOn, d f eams C0111pe or the l\!arkham Main Colliery Ambulance Shield :vhlch resulted 111 Barnbro' l\1ain Collier" (No 1) be' , d' J ud )' "d tl . h 2 J' I11g a_, 1e Wit 91. points, followed by Bullcroft Colllel) (287"2") and Park HIll Colliery (28-f). Cases of Can ers for the best individual in each of four seclions were present ed to A. Coogan and]. Wigley, ThorncJiffe Colliery· F. Smith, fam'ers lain Collier)" G Brool'" Po t f -, C 11' TI ,. J, 11 e J act o lery. le South Elmsall Ambulance Cup Competition was. on October 5th. After an interesting competition lhe Judges awarded 1st pnze to Barnbro' lain Colliery ( o. 1), .who were followed by Wath l\lain and \\'heldale Col2nd and J. Bate, Glassboughtoll Col h ery, won the 1l1 dl vldual prize.

Queries and jlnswet's eot'respondents.

FIRST to

A

I D. October,

1929.

the co n sternatio n that ensued wh e n ou\, co ll eague 1· l' "Til > biceps t's used lo e. dracL ee /fL rep ICC e Good! NexL, please. ! !- N.C.F.

October, 1929.

ot h er hand, p lasler, lim e-water, calc in ed magne s ia and soa p a nd water lack thi s dang e r and Illay b e u sed without fear.

Another prac tical po in t is that the mouth mu s t be well washed out beforc any of the a lk a lin c is a ll owcd to pas s int o the sto ma c h beca u se some of the ac id Inig-ht be retained in Lhe mouth and bc thC'reby divert ed in to s tom ac h. - .c. F.

p. 161 of Tcxtbook. Is it desirablc to lurn head to one s ide an d to keep patient perfectly GaL -: , \1 "0, shou ld we rcmo ve pati ent as for Fracturcd Spille:- y.,'e thank you for de a lin g with these problems.

aenes WI

Q '11 be dealt with under the following rules ;ust be rrarked on the top left hand 1. -Letter,; contammg " and addressed-FIRST AID, corner of the envelope y, 4 6 Cannon·street, London, E. C. 4· , " Queries must be accompanied by a "Query eu 2.-All t' of the Journal or, in case o f QuerIes from from the curren Issue abroad, from a recent issue.

3 -The Textbook, to which refelence may be madle finF .thsetsAeI,cdo umns . f S J A A M anua 0 u is the 38th l1928) EdItIon 0 • __

TIL\I'KS TO TilE DOCTOR ., J 'ivilege to tcmler to This being Oelobl'l' Il agalll OU\ I I f' r readers and D · C ·t ,t Fktcl1L:r the Slncerc than {s a ou I ' I. OI)C ',' I 'ble hell) during the past twe veourse!\'.'.'s for hiS 111\ ,l lu <l I t' of DI- Corbet Fletchcr':, I TI l1'lrl'S lle C011lP e Ion· . I 1ll0ntlS. llSI ( \. 1 , as honorary medIca fourteenth year of \'0 untal) sen I correspondent to L1 ss nl) IJre ciate the difference 1\lan)' of our rea Cl S au) e d It' column of recent years, as compare in the quertes. this feature was instituted some 2-+ with the peno w" \'d' t d l\' tal'cs morc intcrest in llis -"" Th e Irst el 0- (- \. fl'. yeal clgO. f _ 'e 'ldwll1ced tbe responsIbIlity or t liS \\'ork and belllg aJ mOl < column is no s!necure. II 'l\ Cr'lu'e well o\,er a hundrcd a The questIOns gcncra ), <:::0 I 1 f it nl 'lnV d ost of the answers are a lso lC p U o ' / \ e'lr an <lS III I e -tlOll It - < 'F' -' Xdcr:, besides the one raISIng le qu , ot.her sedn that during this extended penod the \\'111 bc 1 ea b ) f I' assistance to many thousands of doctor has eell ° e Iret: < our rlea.clers. ume l)rcLtyp'enerallrknown that our worthy IS \\'e ,., - 1 . It' hrio u s : b' '0 -cloino' thin'Ys, o\\'1ng to llS I11U 1.< doctor h<tS een 0\ l::! :--. 1::> 1 I t' , d It wa s " ·t from his profcssLOna e u ICS, an acl l \'ll1es, ,qM!, tl 'l'YO that it was imp e ratJ\' e inlimated to hl111 somE' mon.ls <t:> , " " 11 be 1 d d 1 ol hen,\ lse the con seq uences \\ au c. lhat he s owe OW! , d b bI crious \\Tith some, this \ oluntary duty waul pr.o a y fla\ 'e one of the lirst to .be dropped, , _ :\ our readers ",Ill ha\ e notIce ,d 1. , docto!. : thcse queries have recei\ 'ed the same caremonth b). \\ > 'ire plea ed to slate that the doctor has a impro\ cl11cnt in hcalth; and \: e a rea)l l' tint he may long' continue his good work In sincere \' lope ( . this EDITOR.

TREATi\lE:\T OF II YSTERL\. ( , 1 d) \\T" would like to kno\\.' wh et h er the \\ P CaJ1\'cy ::, an., t -d 1 ''If suo''' csted for Treatmenl ot Hy sterIa III 11lUS ClJ l:< I'>t:> , 1 b I· ( 166) should be appltcd dry o r 1ll0IS enec Tex.t 00... p. n' 1 1 \\ 'itll hol, lukc warm or water. vv C .tlan <:, ) ou for all the help which you alford us month by month.

Tl l ll'cl l eaf shou ld be moistcned in luk e warm le I1l us, ff', water before app lic at ion at of neck of pallent s u enng from Hysteria -N CORBET 1-< LETCllEH,.

EXA:\ll:-1ATlON

i\I R (Cannon-SLreet).-In a reccnt exam i.nati on the eloctor 1 , a cand ida te to cxp lain certa ll1 Lerms,. amo.ng \-vhich he in c lud e d "the biceps " You can llna g ll1 e

THEATME TT OF B UHNs AND S CALDS. (Clcrkenwel l) - Wi t h rcfe renc.e lo your N.C. of abovc titlc publi s hed 1Il S e ptembcr of AlD, I have rcason to beliE've that COJllm ittee u sed the term" ': as fl eS hlY d" 1 otlle l- worcls h cl r Ill tentlo n WetS to elllprepa e. 11 d S " ld )hasise thnL dre ss in gs applted B Ull1 s. an Cd s I Id b I el . 1 a fresh so lutIon of ot Ion a nd nol s h ou e soa \.e II < • - " • > I in 1I1at in which the injure d part h as been ltllmCl sec. While I thnnk you for yo nr lett e r it s <.d lerna t in: 1 t 'on I a l1l sti ll of opinion that the In st ru ct ion of he exp ana T extboo k i s ague. - N.C. F.

CO:>1TROL OF \IHERY

T T (Car di IT), - Pl ease tell US if pressure call be m a in tai lle d " I A'l fold of t,-ro in b) means of pad a nd on Felllolcl tCI) ln::- d' ,r" 1 bandage or if s u c h cont rol s h ou ld bckepL up b) II'> It <I pressure (thumb on thumb)

Di it a l pressurc is the on ly 'afe W;IY of on .-\rtcry in the gToin ; and CVI' ll maintained by a ile pcrson for some Illlnutes. e c need fo r r e lays of assistants,-N .C.l-<.

FRACTCRES OF R iBS \1\'0 CL\ \'[CLE.

S S. (Cardiff). -P lease Lell me how w e a s uffer in g from Simple Fractures of the uppel RIbs of Clavi'cle, both injuries on the same Si de t h at we a r e short of matcrial.

t f Fnclu red Y [ au ld conccnlrate 011 treatll1Cll o < "viII then Ilnd that the Fractured RIb s an; - 11 1 Th e St. J ohn Sling will support the upper 1111 '11 tr 0 ec. I' , t) bod Y WI and the transverse band(lge, by lXlng arm 11' " r "d for sen' e lhe purpose of the t \\" o bandage::, USUd ) <lPp Ie Simple Fr act ur e of Rib s. I b d ' If material is abundant, then you might app y tle r ,J , b'll1dag-es for Fract ur e d Rib s and then for Fractured Cl,wicle as lcll d down In cx )O ,. -N .C.F.

COlHWSl\ E ClD POI SONING.

.' Tr "ltlllL lll of N. P. (Pc ll arlh) - Durin g a dl sc u sstL)n 011. L, ) Poisoning recently, our us s l1l'lll doses of a lkali es in Corrosl\'e CIC OlSfolllllt::-'ll 're' W Il'lll b-' u'rate u c did not g iv c a ny reason e s < '-: ::-, forc, if you w ill tell u s the reason for thi S. . .','

.., 1 t be " lu se ACIds Icull

The cho ice of a lkali IS Jl1lpor an l<. 1 '1'-11 1 · IT C-lrbonlc \ CIC \\ III with i\Uutlin12 Carbonates anc gIve.o c _ ture of its \\'ould dist en d the sto ma c h and m ight cause, of the wall, if thi s was ulc era Le d conscll ucnt on thc ,lC

Corrosive Acid d I' rb onate of Chalk whitening, washlng so da a n. )Ica ., so d a a rc alll\lkaline Carbonates and for be avoided in th e treatment of sLlc h cases 0.1 , If u s, _' 011 the o'iven in small do ses a nd free y diluted wlth watel. ::-,

TR EATMENT OF BLEEDING

c. S. (Soho). - Th e T extboo k (p. 96) tells u s undcr Treatmc nt for H <.e lllorrhage "w hcn in a,cco rdan ce with Rul es 10 and 11 a p ad and bandag'e ha vc becn ap pli e d, r e lax indirecL but noL (iL'rcct pressure."

Thi s state m cnt appea r s co nfu s in g, a nd I s h a ll be ob li ge d if you will en li g ht e n u s h ow dircct pressure ca n be maintained after we ha ve a ppli ed a pad a nd bandage.

Th c direct pressure is exerted by pad and bandage on wOLlnd. Theretore, h aving dressed wound a nd app li e d this direct pressure, you musl rell1O\ e t h e indircct pressure which is indicalcd in all cases of woullds with a rt er ial bleeding an d -,,) lest thc eAic icllcy of yo ur direct pressurc. Th e n, if this s hould il1clTicil:l1t, you will re-app ly indir ect pressure.

- N.C.F.

FR r\CTCRED B.\SE OF SKULL.

C. j ( :\Ltn clll'stcr). - K ind y gi\ 'e us your ruling on the co rr ect treatment of Fractured Ba e of Skull, as some doubt arises about raising of head an d shoulde r s as specified undcr trcatmE'nt of Compression of Brain 011

Fracture of Base is accol1l paniecl eitlu:r by of COIlcussion or by s ig'ns of Compression of Brain. 1£ the laUer are present, then you must treat as laid uo\\'n on p. 161 of T ext bo ok. Further, if patient is unconscious, il i:, ad\'i:,able Lo turn head to one side. Lastly, there is no reason to folio\\' the elaborate ritual laid down for the rcmoval of a C<L:,C of Fract ur cd Spinc, and it !:>ufTlces to reIl1O\ 'C patient in rCCU1l1be llt position on stretcher with head alld r aised abo\ e levc l of body. - C. F,

N URSING PEI\I)Ar-\T.

BISToUln havc abou t H Sick Berth Rescrvists a ll efficient, hm ing passed annually the First Aid Examination, also thc Homc Kursing Examination, to qualify for erficienc), in the S. B. R. Are we entitled Lo the Home Nursing Pcndant? Also wc arc told that these examinations should be on scparate night. Is this corrcel?

The Rules and Regulations of the S.j .A..\. state : _

(1) Any person \\'ho holds lh e Iiome Certificate of the S.].A.A. and the :'Ilcdallioll is enlitlcd lo be rc-cxamined each year in Homc Tursing, a nd , if sllcc e ssful, is eligible to apply for thc Home Xursing Pendant.

(2) l\lembers of the Brigade, \\' hether in the Si c k Berth R esenTe or not, who hold the Hom e X ursing Ccrti llcate, may be re-examined in Home I\'ursing- on th e same oc casion as their annual re-examination in Firs t Aid. - EDI WIC

THE HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIAN

written by Eminent Specialists, Practising Physidmns and Surgeons, describes in simple language with helpful colou red plates and designs.

THE DISEASES OF MEN, WOMEN AND CHILDREN, THEIR CAUSES AND TREATMENT.

Wi.h complele instructions on preventire med cine, the sc ience of hygi e ne, ph ysical eu I tu re, etc.

The 0 lllustrations and full'page Plates a nd the .\na o mi caIM od e s s howing Ihe f Huma n Body exactly as th ! y o verlap ea c } ot her mak e tbe re a dm g ma tter mo re easily und e rstood.

THE YOUNG WIFE anJ the experienc od marri ed wo man will find all tbey wa' to k . o w made clear.

M OTHE R S who wish rheir c au g hl€TS 10 de\ el e p na lurally will rntl lbe lea c "ing Ihcy need, There are hundreds of sub e c ls o f va lue lO all. The mus cl es l ee t h, di ges ti on, Ilair , food y,du e, Ju Jitsu, phren o logy How to diagnos e drsea ,;es fr om ap pe ara nc e o bead , fdce, neck, tongue, broat, cbest perSplratlOn , e t c., et c

FEW OF THE SUBJ ECTS TREATED:

First AiJ Colds

Measles Mumps Corns and Warts

Dietin g for Disease Physical Cnlture

Ex ercises for all Purposes

The r(et 11 The Mu,c:es

Inf int Welfare llle Expectant Mother

Happ y Motherhood Homrepatny

How 0 rreat Accidents

Neurastheoia The Lnngs Pleurisy

Hygien Anotomy

THR EE TESTIMONIALS FROM HUNDREDS RECEIVED

"I have gained in each of the 8 test exam = inatio ns the knOWledge of which I attribute to you r volumes, I hb.ve yet to mett my defeat in AM BULAN CE EXAMIN ATIONS ."

"Ve ry pleased and ddight e d with same. Tht:y a re wrilten and explained so plainly that a m everyo ne who slud ies them mu s t understand, and, agaIn, the IIlus= trati ous are so true that anyone who had no know ledge at all about the particular th.e diagr am illustrates, would surely recogDlse It Whe n seen on anyone."

" I am delighted with 'The Physician,.' and as I am an ambulance man I can a ppreCIate t hem to theIr fullest extent. They are twice their cost."

COUPON

New Cadet Curriculum.

PHOFAGANDA PL.\ YS.

Trm H ealt h an d Clean lin ess Co un cil publi s h somc aLLracti c pl ays. " Th e Gi a nL Kill e r" is a s hort costume pl ay for c hildr e n a nd co ntain s so m e songs a nd a d a n ce for ,, hieh l11u s ic is prov id ed. " Th e Terribl e Twin s" is a s hort pla y which ca n be presented by c hildr e n and some adu l t pl aye r s, o r can be played wiLh o lder c hildr e n taking the ad ult part s. Th e " H ealth Pa geant" is a n act ion p lay b ased u pon thc H ea lth L aws. Th e book of the Pagea nt is in verse a nd the laws are sung to well-known tunes. "A C h ange for the Better" is a play for five female ch aracLers and is s uit ab le for production by women or o lde r g irl s "The Whi te Do,·e" is an attract i,oe littl e play whi c h a ltho u g h s pec a ll y,vrittc n fo r pres e ntation by G irl Guide Companies, would proye very att ractive to Cadet Nur si n g Division s . Further detail s will glad y be s uppli ed a nd co pi es of He a lth Pl ays will b e i ss u ed tree of c h a r ge to Cadet Supts on app li cat ion to the Secretary, Th e H ealth a nd Cleanlines Counci l, 5, T av is to c k- sq u are, L on don, W.c.1.

The recent nag day at Chapel town, on behalf of the Red Cross Society, realised £12 1 2s. 2d. Al Hi g h Green and I orlomley £11 17s 7d. was ra ised for the sa m e cau e, making a total of £24 9s. 9d. from the Chape ltown di str ict.

shows that It fulfils a u!elui purpOle. " - L aw Jounutl.

Every Man'S Own Lawyer' blls become a pillar' of the book. be If.' • - Da ily Telegn£pll.

: FREE EXAMINATION FORM

No. and JlO obbgaboft to order

I To Messrs. VIRTUE & CO., LTD. (N. Dept). 19,20, 21. Thavies Inn, Holborn Circus , London, E,C,1.

P .easesencl on Free "EVERY l\IAN S $ 'yN L ;\-\\ l: It IS understood hat I am at li berty to return the o ume If I. dec ,d e not to order. If I decide to retain it I will send on the e ghth d.ay a firs t. payment of 3/6 and five further monthly pa) meats of 3/6, thiS cOl11p letlllg the purchase price. I am not u nder 2I year of age Ca h pnce 20/-.

NAl\IE :......... (Send thIS form in unsealed envelop e , stamped halfpenny.)

OCCUPATION

ADDRESS "F.A "

The Best and Safest SKIN GERMICIDE

Agent that An Aseptic charms the ppactitioner

Free test supply on application.

The advantages attending the u<;e of the Aseptic Dressing. in hosp ital and domest.lc are now almost too well known to need recapitulatIOn. Since the introduction of this remarkable agent it has been put to the test by medical men and nurses in every part of the country. It has proved itself thoroughly efficient as a skin bactericide and sterilizer and powerful healer.

An added charm associated with its use is its soothing effect in the cas e of inflammatory pain, or in irritable conditions of the skin. For the treatment of children s skin complaints it is unequalled, because It does. away with the tendency on the part of the young patient to scratch, and so spread or aggrevate the trouble.

Mechanically, GERMO LE NE is perfect, and its appearance and texture have gained it high encomiums from doctors and hemists. Mi lled to microscopic fineness, the ingredients are held in a high·grade creamy base which spreads with ease, does away with messiness, and which, when ma ssaged, sinks straight into the skin pores. Bandages may be prepared with the absolute minimum of delay and troubl e, and sl ight heat reduces the dressing to the consistency of cream.

The manufacturers will be delighted to send a generous gra tis trial sample to members of the medical profession and to nurses and hospital officials who enclose their professional cards

SOOTHES AT A TOUCH

A I D. October, 1929.

MANUALS OF FIRST AID, &c., 8y N. CORBai PLEICHaR, .,B., B.C., B.l.(Caatab), .,R.C ,S AID. TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free, lid.

flrllt.lld Simpllflod and Tabulated. wltb Aida to Memor,.

• Sir Tam" Ca,.tli. CO,.tribNt.1 a,. i,.trodNctio,. ",,,d w. ,,.dfJru hil gOOD opi,.ifJ,. oj tlu booR." - LANCBT

AID. TO HOME-NURSINO.

Third Edition. Price 18. 2d .• post ree.

Home.Nurslng Slmplllled and Tabalatod, !ltll Aida to Memor, •

• This bfJoll wo"d.r/NllysimjJli/i,s a cfJmpi,x sNb"ct aHd ShONld b, r,ad 611 a, ItNd.,.ts. '·-L. & N.W. Rv. GAZETTE.

EFFIOIENOY IN FIRST-AID.

Post 'ree, II. 3d.

Probloma In Stud" 'Ireatmont and I!xamlnaUoa aolnd lor !Sonlor Studen ls

•• WithONt dfJflbt tlu book will b. 0) gr,at I.roic, l,. til,. fJ/ t hou lo r whom it is d.sit,..d."-BRITISH MEDICAL JO URNAL.

OOMMON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID.

II. net: post 2d. Brrors In Plrst.Ald Detailed and Bxplalned.

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AMBULANCE COMPETITION TESTS

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FIRST AID. Illustrated by SO diagrams in Colou rs with Explanatorv Letterpress. By Sir JAMES CANTLIE, K.B.E., LL.D., M.A., M .B. C M., F.R C.S., D.P.H.R C.P. 7 d. net; post free.

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRA M S FOR LECTURING PURPOSES.

of Ambulance Work in all its branches. The Editor invites Readers to send ArtIcles and Reports on subjecls pertaining to the Moyemenl and also v. elC0mes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Rep::>rts, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at the address below, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not mcessarilYlor tub/icat£on) by the name and address of the Correspondent Subscriptions, Adv e rtisements and other bus iness Communications connected with FIRST AID shemld be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, RE YNOLDS & CO., L TD , 46, ('ANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4.

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EDITORIAL.

Now that the winter months are FIRST AID here we shall no doubt read of many accidents, slight and THE HOME. otherwise, that occur In the home. '-\That steps are being taken for the attention of such cases? A visit to a large n um ber of houses would show that, far from being prepared for such emergencies, only a few householders think of install ing a first aid cabinet. The public are very slow in taking up things which they consider are of minor importance, and we were therefore very pleased to see recently in the columns of the London Daily Express an article entitled" First Aid at Home."

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CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EDITORIAL--

10. The Ner vous System. n. Schemat.lc dlagrl!-m of Clrculatl,?n

12. The Human Ear.

13 The Human Eye. I-4. Median SectIOn through Sk in. IS. Median Section through Head.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS.

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First Aid in the Home

Bloo d Pressure-vVhat it i s a.nel how to ;n'oid it

The Father of [ ed icine

BRIGA DE DISTRICT REPORTS No.1 (Prince of Wa.les) No.3 No.4; No.5 No.6; No.8 No.9 No. 10

Priory for Wales

S.]. 1\.B. Ovcr ea.s Raihvay Amhubnce "\ or kshire Collierie s j\mbul ance Leaguc

Scalds and Burns

Pio neers of Medicine

First Aiel Post on Italian Roads

Ou r Nurses' Page

:\Iine rs' AnLbulance League Red Cross Branch ews

REV IEWS-

First Aid in Fe,,, Word s

First Aid to the Tnjured

Deta il ed Marking Sheet, No. 18

QUE RIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTSClassification of Strychnine

Examination Howl er

Sal

"For a few shillings," states the article, "and with an elementary knowledge of first aid, minor injuries can be instantly cleansed and dressed and ultimately cured at home." 'Vhilst agreeing with the article as a whole, we feel that it would have been of greater value if it had stated where the "elementary knowledge" of first aid could be obtained. There are many persons who know nothing whatever about ambulance work, and such would consequently be of little use even if the most expensive first aid cabinet was available. It is to these people that we want to make a special appeal.

How can this be done? One thing to do is to obtain the co - operation of the daily press, which is perhaps the best means of bring the work of the various ambulance societies to the notice of the public.

Vve have read a few articles in the country papers, but there again only one or two have stated where the knowledge is taught and how it can be obtained. Many people have heard that members of the S . J.A . B. buy their own uniforms, etc., and therefore think it would be an expensive hobby to takc a course of ambulance training. But let them know that the charge for such knowledge is very small, only a few shillings, and we feel sure many would take advantage of the offer.

The more people know about ambulance work the fewer will be the n um ber of inj ured com pelled to wait, without any attention, until the arrival of the doctor or am bulance.

High Blood Pressure-What it is and how to avoid it .

By J. F. HALLS DALLY, M.A., M.D., B.CIIm CANTAB., M.R.C.P.LoND.

NOWADAYS, wherever one goes, sooner or later, olle is likely to hear mention of blood pressure, which in pupular regard bids fair to rival its chief competitors, rheumatism and cancer.

High arterial pressure falls naturally into four main groups: (i) Simple high arterial pressure without symptoms. This is by no means uncommon, and since it is not necessarily a sign of disease usually requires no treatment. It may be hereditary, for high pressures as well as low tend to run in some families. (ii) High arterial pressure due to arterial spasm. This forms a large group, the importancc of which is becoming increasingly rccognised. It is depcndant upon diseases of the sympathetic nervous system. In general one may say that all anxiety states together constitutc one of the commonest and most potent causes of a rise in arteria l pressure due to arterial spasm. Terrors and alarms, fears and apprehensions, troubles and perplexities, annoyances and vexations-in fact, any sources of strong emotion of more than a temporary and infrequent character-causes the walls of the arteries to be thrown into a state of spasmodic contraction, which results in sending up the pressure of the contained blood, sometimes to extraordinary heights. (iii) High arterial pressure in association with thickening of the arteries and enlargement of the heart. (iv) High arterial pressure in association with kidney disorder.

Il000v z"s high blood press2we to be arlJozded?

The most poten t causes of this condition are worry, excess, or chronic poisoning of some kind, arising from diseased tonsils, septic gums and teeth, and intestinal stasis with constipation. The obvious so lution of the problem is to guard against cach of these causes as far as possible.

The daily life of the person who wishes to avoid high arterial pressure may be most conveniently for our purpose be divided into two portions, the hours of activity and the hours of rest.

THE HOURS OF ACTIVITY.

These should be pervaded by a philosophic and balanced outlook, the issue of a quite mind. This does not necessarily imply the leading of a dull, un imaginaLive and phlegmatic existence, always on the same dead level, but that harmoni-

ous attributes, which can be cultivated by those in whom they are not inborn, are likely to check those frequent excesses which occur in persons of unbalanced temperament.

Such excesses may be either psychical or physical. In the lives of many people, psychi cal influences induce far greater upheavals and cau se more destructive effects upon the organism th an those which are physical.

Hence in working out these principles, c onsideration should be first given to "environ men t." By this I do not mean solely bricks and mort ar, although the immediate environment should be hygienic and attractive, but I refer rather to the daily round in its triple aspects: spiritual, ment al, and physical.

Cultivate a cheerful disposzHon.

There may be a psychical environment of love; or one of hate; of and confidence, or of jealousy and suspicion; of calm and repose, or of uncertainty and anger.

Individuals create their own psychical atmo sphere, and though it is usually impossible to escape from the material surroundings that circumstances dictate, yet it may be possible to change the moral atmosphere so as to ren der environment in general less irksome, and theref ore more harmon ious.

The counsel of perfection, therefore, is at all times to cultivate a cheerful disposition, and to minimise, as far as may be, any disadvantag es, always rcmembering that true happiness com es from within.

Occupation slwuld be steady.

As regards occupation, one of steady routi ne is to be preferred to one of constant anxieties and sudden hazards, even though the latter may be more lucrative.

Quiet, sunsltiny, pleasant lwlzdays.

A sufficiency of holidays should be taken, so that work, when resumed, is entered upon with renewed zest. These vacations should ,be spent in quiet, sunshiny, and pleasant surroundings, remote from the noise, hustle, excitement, late hours, and nervous strain imposed by our modern superci vilisation.

Daily Hygiene.

should be regular and methodical at stool, attention being paid to regular daily evacuation of the bowels, so as to avoid straining-. Overeating. More people are killed by overeating than by overdrinking, but all the pleasures of the table should be enjoyed in strict moderation.

Cocktails and other insidious drinks arc best eschewed.

Aka/wi and Tobacco are both pleasant poison s,

November, 1929. PIRST

and in any excess have a degenerative effect upon the arteries. "Chain-smoking" of cigarettes is an insidious and pernicious habit which should be aba ndoned.

DIET.

Meals should be varied in kind and should be balanced, attention being paid to the inel usion of vitamins, which are found in fresh fruit and vegetables, fresh milk, cream, butter, and so on.

Excess of fat is inadvisable, especially when food is fried in oil or other fatty substances, although olive oil in the natural state may be taken well mixed with fresh salads.

The quantity of meat taken at anyone meal sho uld be limited, and it is best to avoid meat more than once, or, at the most, twice a day.

Butcher's meat, spiced and seasoned dishes and soups are injurious where the kidneys find difllculty in getting rid of nitrogenous waste products, and) in general, boiled meats, chicken, and fi:,h should be preferred to roasted butcher's meat. Eggs are usually admissible, but a light breakfast, inelu ling wholemeal bread and butter, or toast and marmalade, followed by fresh fruit, such as apples , pears, peaches) oranges, grape fruit, or bananas , is better than heavy dishes of fish or baco n, sausages, and eggs. Meat in excess tends to putrefaction in the intestines with the resultant abso rption into the system of poisonous products which send up blood pressure.

Table salt should be restricted in quantity, as large amounts may be injurious.

Flatulence and indigestion often result from too O'reat an in O'es tion of carbohydrate, farinaceous b b foods, which may indirectly augmen t blood pressure by causing obesity.

Diet points at 'wllt"ch to ahlZ. by

Diminish the bulk and the number of meals. Reduce the amount of carbohydrate and fats. Secure sufficient vitamins and prevent acidosis

Fresh fruit and fruit juices. Fresh green vegetables. Fresh milk, cream, and butter.

IVa te.v

Water is best taken on an empty stomach an hou r before meals and at bedtime. In addition to othe r drinks one pi n t of water for each stone of bo dy weight should be im bi bed in the 24 hours.

Other drinks, such as coffee, tea, and alcohol, if taken at all should be taken sparingly and weak. A caffein-frec' coffee or cocoa may be substituted, although most people can take China tea, weak an d freshly made.

EXERCISE.

Exercise within the limits of fatigue may be taken on foot, on horseback, or in the form of games and sports. The middle-ag-ed should not

A I D. 111

attempt to vie with the younger in games which involve sudden and violent exertion or demand long-continued efforts of endurance. but not at high speeds, suits most) though not all. Golf should be preferred to tennis by those in whom age changes have begun to be manifest.

Although under certain circumstances it may be necessary to diminish the sum-total, cessation from all activities, ineluding retirement fr0m busi· ness, is seldom to be recommended.

THE HOURS OF REST.

Enough rest and repose is essential. The exact amount varies with the individu al. In general, a minimum of eight hours should be spent in bed. :'Iany require even morc hours) the young needin g longer hour s of rest than the old.

So far as is possi ble, this time In bed should be devoted entirely by quiet sleep to "Kn it tbe ravelled sleeve of care.))

Exciting books should not be read before slumber is desired, nor should late meals be taken, as nightmares send up arterial pressure to considerable heights.

In short, the keynote of avoidance of high arterial pressure is to be found in fOllr worcls"moderation in all things." This counsel applies equally to any person at any age, and is based on the dictates of com mon sense ?'oJ owhere haye I said anything about the manaO'ement or control of cases of developed high blood pressure. Advice as to this should be obtained from medical sources. "A little learning is a dangerous thing"; and it would be inadvisable for me to indicate, as I could do only briefly, the present scope of our remedial measures.

The Father of Medicine.

HIPPO CRXfES, wh o is sty ed the Father of lhe first physician and to. b:"to\\' all separate existence and to It trom the hral?o\1l In \\'hich priestly heal ers, maglctans, etc., .had bound It. He was born at Cos, 4 60 B. c I t was conSIdered that he dcccncled from .-Esculapius, and from Hercules on hIS mother's s id e. Hi s father was Heraclides, under \y1w\l1 he studied medicine. He practised at Athens in. rcen 's greatest age, that nam e ly of Socrates, Plato, Eunplcles and Xem pba, etc. '. He held that no disease came fI 0111 lhl? lr ods, etc., but wa s always clue to the works of ;\'aturl?; Hi'i honesty and caution are remarkable. He declared ;\ rc to be the sole h ea e r, calling ber "the Jut. " T.hc doclnne of r ris J1/edicatJix .Yatltne \\"a s by Pn1 gnosis was one of the main supports ot Ius medIclIlc. had no charlatinisl11. He regulated hIS treatment to :tId nature. H e u se d \'i\'iscction and cupp ing, and b\ preparations which incr ase the. a l11 ?unt l1f flUId III the bioocl, and applied "derivation". In dIsease. IIe \Y<b a great surgeon also, and a greal pllliosopher.

Summary of a Lecture delivered at the Institute of H yg iene (28, Portland-place, W.1) on \Vednesday, October 9th, 1929.

Brigade DzstJ/zct Reports.

No. (Prince of Wales ') District.

AND \NOOLWICII.-On Saturday, October 19th, thc Lewisham and Woolwich Division S.J.A.B., held their presentation of awards at St. Mark's Hall, Lewisham.

The prizes w e rc presented by 1\1rs. ]. T. Hallinan, the Mayoress of Lewisham, and amongst l he recipients wen: th ree members of the Lcwisham Division, Messrs. VV. Dury, G. Dolby and A. Shepherd, and two members of thc \\ 'oolwic h Division, Pte. Bridgcs and Amb Officer Brett, who had passed the annual examination for 21 consec utive years, who received gold medals, and werc cong ratulat ed by thc 1\layor of Lewisham, who was also present.

On behaH of the VVo olwich Division, the Mayoress made a presentation to Dr. ]. Hu g hes in reco g nition of his services as instructor, and, on behalf of the Lewisham Di"ision, to Pte. C. Arthey, who had recently married.

Amongst those present w ere Alderman and 1\Irs. Chiesman, Dist. Officer VV. Clifford, Corps Supt. A . Green, Supt. W. Smith, Corps Officers P. Betts and P. Miller, Amb. Officers G. Carpenter and Price. Supt. '.N. II. Smith stated that 150 cases had been attended during thc period May to September and several mcmbcrs of the Division wcre on duty at Ryde during Schneider Cup Contest. Hoped to commence a nursing class next year.

SOUTlL\LL.-The 5th annual dinner and social of the Southall Ambulance and Nursing Divisions of the S.J.A.B. was held on Tuesday, October 29th, at Fairlawn Hall, Sou t hall. Over 100 persons were present includin g represen tat ives from Hounslow and Brentford Divisions.

1\11'. e. Hutchings, ].P. (Chairman of 01'wood District Council), was in the chair, and the company included: Asst. Commissioner S. J. Warren., Dist. Office r

F. Claridge, Lady Dist. Supl. 1\liss Rideout, Lady Dist. Officer 1\Ii s Twiss, O.B.E., l\Irs. Hutchings, Councillor

F. :r..Ioss and :\lrs. 1\loss, 1\lajor ]. j. Llewellen, M.P., Dr.

A. B. Brook (Div Surgeon) and Mrs. Brook, Supt. J. E. Taylor and Mrs. Taylor, Amb. Officer II. S. King., Amb. Officer J. VV. Turner and ;'lrs. Turner, Dr. e. W. Scccombe (Div. Surgeon) and 1\lrs. Seccombe, Lady Supt. Miss L ewis, Lady Amb. Officer Miss Gibbs, Drs. Olive, Smith, L eatham, Cronin, McDonnell, Councillor Waddin gton, CounCillor 1\1rs. Waddington, Mr. and Mrs. H Bell (assistant secretary, Messrs. Ticklers, Ltd.), and many others.

Following an excellent repast, the Loyal Toast was honoured, and that of the No. 55 (Southall) Ambulance and ursin g Di"isions and tIle Divisional Surgeons was proposed by 1\Ir. F. 'vV. 1\1oss, who, as a past chairman of the local authority, paid the Brigade very high complim e nt for their untirin g ,\,ork in the cause of suffering humanity. With the eyer-increasing' number of street accidents it was pleasing to know that there ,,,'e re banded toget11er such a noble body of unselfish citizens.

Asst. COJ11missioner Warren then made two special awards of bars for conspicuous service to Supt. J. Taylor, who, he said, had just completed twcnty years' servicc with the Brigade, the ambulance ,,,'ork in Southall paying eloquent testimony to his work, and to Amb. Officer Turner for h.is furtherance of ambulance work among th e boys. R ep lY1l1 g to the toast., he stated that in 1929 thirty members had b ee n addcd to the four branches of the Division, bu t, lik e Oliv e r Twist, they were not satisfied, and he appealed to Supt. Taylor to further the work with an

ambulance section aL Hayes and to Lady Dist. Officer Miss Twiss with a nursing division as well. He spoke of the great work of the Divisional Surgeons on behalf of the Brigade and of the usefulncss of the Medical Comforts Depot under Lady Supt. Miss Lewis.

Dr. A. B. Brook, replied on behalf of lhe Divisi onal Surgeons.

Amb. Officer King', the Divisional Secretary, submitting a report of the work of the Divisio11, said that the numerical strength up to dat e was 4-6 active memb ers. Public duties had been undertaken during the year at sports meetings and public functions in Southall and district, and over 70 cases had received attention. The First Aid Station was being well maintained, and during the year 110 cases had reccived attention Several memb ers of the Ambulance Division were enrolled in the Milit ary Hospital Reserve.

The Cadet Division was still vcry A 'Try useful work was the maintenance of the l\Iedical Comforts Depot. This was opened in June, 1928, with a stock of 96 articles g iven by St. John Ambulance Association. The purchase of stock included two bath chairs, and furth e r gifts from Headquarters and the public, the latest additions being an air bcd, which brought the number of articles in stock up to 151. The Depot was open each evening for the issue 01 articles, which wcre lent on production of a voucher sio'ned by any doctor or district nurs e. A small charge was made for the loan of articl es, thc money obtained going to replenish and increase the stock. From the date of opening up to Octobcr 12th, 34-6 articles had been lent out. The ltrsing Division was now five years old and had a membership of 28, and the Cad et Division number ed 20. During 1928, 57 local and public duties were attended, and 60 cases of accident and sickness were h e lped, one m e mber, having helped to change the bed every week for twelve months for a bcd-rid den lady.

"The Visitors" was proposecl by Supt. Taylor, ''.o'ho thanked them for their support, and especially Major J. J. Ll ewe ll e n, their repr ese ntative at the Houses of Parh ament.

Major Ll ewe llen, in reply, said it was a pleasur e to associate with those who were doing such a lot of uns elfish voluntary work. Whenever one went to the various big functions in the district, Supt. Taylor and his fri em\s were to be seen, always ready to assist in cases of aCCident or sickness Day by clay the toll of the streets grew greater and greater, and it was a wonderful thing to ha\'c trained people on t h e spot to know how to deal with the vict.ims.

Councillor ancl 1\Irs . Waddin gto n also added th ei r quota of praise for the 'work of the Bri ga de.

"The Chairman" was propos e d by Dr. e. w. Seccomhe, who made feeling reference to the passing of Dr. Windle, tbe late Medical Officer of Healtb

The Chairman, in reply, expressed the thanks of the district to tIle Brigade for their services, which were carried out in a quiet way and without advertisement bey ond that of the st.erling appreciation of those who recei \'ccl henefit at their hands

There followed a llumher of special awards for exa mination successes and the presentation of a silver cup, g'iven by the late Supt. R. Stone, of the Kensington Diviawarded for the hest sectional work. The troph y was WOll by Cp1. Goodall's Section.

The remainder of the evening was given over to an enjoyable concert.

November, 1929 . FIR S T

SOUTllEND.-Southencl Division succeeded in retainino' the" R A. J oncs " perpetual challenge cup, on SaturOctober 12th, when the annual for the trophy took place at the Drill Hall, Pnttlewell. The petition, which is open t.o V A.D. S.lA.B. Dl:'lsions and B.Re. Dctachments 111 Essex, attracted n111e ent ries, but only seven teams actually took part. How to eleal with a drunken tramp who had hael his right foot cut off on the railway was the test and for some five hours ma ny spectators were kept deeply interested in the comme ndable efforts of thc different teams. The "intox icated " condition 01 the man and" a barbed wire fence" bclween the railway line and the motor ambulance helped to make t he test more difficult. M 1'. James Hughes, who had the misfortulle to lose a foot in the war, acted as the " victim" in a praiseworthy and enduring manner.

The 1\layor of Ipswich (Major J. F. C. Hossack, F.R.C.S.) and Sergt. 1\loylc, RA.1I.e., were the judges

On arrival yisilors were r ece ived by Commandant F. W. 1acksoll. 1\11'. II. Lan gley Jones acted as Chairman of the competition and 1\11'. W. T. Elling-ford performed the

No. 3 District.

BIRMINGIIAM.-The members of the Birmingham N .e.O.'s Club held a smoking concert on Octobcr 12 th, Sergt. Rowles (chairman of the Club) prcsided and in a few well chosen words asked the members to rally round to keep the Corps to the high standard it had now reached. He extended a hearty welcome to the visitors present, and hoped they would take away pleasant memories of the evening.

Sergt. vV. P. Lowe (Hon. Secretary) then presented to Corps Sergt. 1\laj or G.B. Gregory a gold watch suitably engraved, and a framed record of his services whilst chairman of thc Club. Sergt. Lowe spoke highly 01 the work don e and hop ed that Sergt. ;'lajor Gregory, although now transferred to the r eserves, would long be spared to be present at the social functions. Sergt. 11ajor Gregory on rising to re spond, was greeted with musical honours, not forgetting his own pet ditty, .. I know whcre he is." He replied yery appropriately and asked all members to carryon and make furthcr progress. He thanked them

[Sollflumd Times

Hy "(;1trtesy J

,\ team al work in L1C i'- - '-'

I "n \. J olles" l)"rl)etual CUI) C0l111)eLiliollS, \\ on by Southend-on-Sca Vi, iSlOll.

secreta rial duties. Refreshments were t.he able care of Lady Commandant J. A. FranCIS, and lady members of t he South en d Dn'IslOn, S.J.A.J?

The competition was keenly carned through and the winners finished In points ahead of the runners-up . J. result was declared as follows: 1, Southen?, 267 2 .' 5' llford, 255; 3, Brcntwood, 24-2i; d, 226, Chelmsford, 2081; 6, East Ham, 2012; 7, 20.) poi nts. The cup was later presented to the W1l111111g by 1\1r. E. Cecil Jones, the son of the donor. He atulatcd the me11l hers 0 [ the team on thetr and a1so the other teams compet111g, all of whom, he saId, had clone their best. .

A hearty vote of t.hanks was passed t.o the.Jl1.dges, on the 11'0 )osition of Coun ]. V. Tozer, and a vote was 1aclorc1ed to Mr. E. Cecil Jones, on the propOSition of Commandant Jackson.

for the presentation and the support he had receiycd during the time he ha.d worked among them. _ A letter was recen'ed from the County Comll11sslOnel (Capt. ]. H enton \Yhit e, l\I.D), who expressed regret a: being unable to attend, but wlshed all present a p1easanL evening , A musical programm e then completed the eye111ng s pleasure.

The annual competition amongst the yarious di"i ions of the orth \YOl-cester hire Ambulance Corps for the cup giycn by the Corps Supt. (1[r. FI:ank Somers) took place on Saturday at the \\'orks hall of .i\lessrs. Ste,Yarts and Lloyc1s, at Black Heath. T T

Four teams competed., and \\. \\,' Bur to n of t he \ i\T olverhampton No .) Dn lslOll., who ca1ried ou't the tests, awarded the marks as fo11o\\'s: T. \V.

FII<.ST

Lench, Ltd., 2-1-9; Stewarts and Lloyds, 216; Rowley Regis, and Langley GreeD, 186-} marks. The cup and medals were distributed to the winning team by Mr. Somers

No. 4 District.

Friday, October 25th, the of 'Warrington (Councillor Frank Stringer) accompanied by A st. C0I11111i sio11er 'vV. G. Smith inspected the vVarrington Corps, S.J.A.B. The Mayoress distributed awards during the eyening.

Addressing the parade, Asst. COl11missioner Smith said they in \I\ Ta rr ington formed one of the older parts of the Brigade. He wanted them to try to increase the trcngth of the Brigade in 'vVarrington. In such an industrial centre, a Brigade was needed and the need was growing daily.

The said he \\'as amazed hy the amount of \\'ork done by the Brigade. He thought their thanks were due to Dr. l\lanning and other doctors who had assisted t hem. The interest the doctors took in their work showed that the medical profession valued it.

Among those present were J\Ir. T. S. Steel (honorary solicitor), Dr. Eynon (Div. Surgeon), and Dr. Manning-. Letters apolog-ising for absence ,,,ere recei,"ed from Sir Peter and Lady Rylands, 1\Ir. G. K. Rylands, 1\Ir. G. H. K. Kingdon and Mr. R. E. Huffam.

Corp Supt. H. T. 'vVilliams had charge of the Brigade Assisting him were Corps Officer and secretary

A. E. Spann,! and Corps Officer J. E. N ewns, Lady Div. Supt. Cook had charge of the ladies.

No 5 District.

ASKERN 1\Lux.-The annual social of the Askern Main Corps, was held on \Yednesday October 16th in the 'vVelfare Institute. ,

Dist. Officer H. Hulley, :.\1al t by, who presided, on the platform. by 'yY. Llewelyn Jones, Lady D1St. Officer Mrs. Plckerll1g, Dist. Officer \IV. Still and. Messrs. Pickett and vVilkinson (Officers of Denab; 1\Ia111 Corps), Supt. G. Da'V1es (Bullcroft), Corps Surgeon Dr. D Malloch, Corps Supt. C. Evans, Diy. Surg'eon Dr. Robb, and Lady Div. Supt. Miss Goodman.

:\1rs. Pickering presented the awards to the ursino' Di\ision, ancll.\Ir.)ones to the members of the Brigade. <:::>

.:\Ir. Jones salcl he was pleased to hear of their proIn,otlOll to a Corps sll1ce the last social, and that the work ot the Ambu}ancc Brigade in AskerI1 \\'as going on so He ll1Umatecl that he wo.uld ,!-gain provide a set of gold medals the 1:1ter-(11stnct plt competition.

The Chall'man sald that he had had many years' C01111ect1011 wlth the Asker11 Dil'isiol1 when they were attached to the Denaby Corps, and he congratulated the officers and memhers on thell' promotion to a Corps. He wished them e.,'ery and hoped their membership would go on ll1creasll1g.

Dist. Officer Stil.l also remarked on the splendid work that Askern was dOl11g for the Ambulance movement.

A .vote of thanks to the chairman, the visitors and the arUstes was proposed by Dr. D. Malloch and seconded by Supt. C Evans.

DO::-Jc \STER.-A fine muster of twelve hundred Ambulance men and Nursing Sisters gathered on the Doncaster on Sunday. October 13th , on the occaSlon of the annnal ll1Spect1On of the o. 5 District of the South Eastern Are.a ?f the S,J.A.B. The inspecting' officer wa Asst. C?m':1lssloner H. C: Else, Sheffield, Chie f o.f Staff, o. 5 Dlstnct, accompanled by Asst. CommisCapt. O. F. Buxton, Sheffield. Dist. Officer W. Stll! was 111 cha.rge the parade, and Lady Dist. Officer 11rs. \IV. H. Plckerlllg was in charge of the Nursin o <:::>

AID. 'November, 1929.

Sisters. With the inspecting officers were Dist. Offic ers S Bunting and H. Hulley.

On parade there were 931 ambulance men from the Denaby Main Corps, Bullcroft Main Corps, Brodsworth Main Corps, Dearnc Valley Corps, Markham Main Corps Askern Main Corps, and the Goole} Bentley, Thorne ane! Thorne Colliery divisions (unattached); 268 nursing sisters from the Denal?y l\Iain Corps, Bul1croft Main Corps, Brodsworth Ma111 Co rps, Dearne Valley Corps, Markham l\Iain Corps, New Edlington Corps, Askern Main Corps and the Doncaster, Goole and Thorne divisions attached); and cleven cadets from Goldthorpe

After the inspec t ion and the march past and salute Asst. Commissioner Else distributed medals.

Asst. Comm.issi?ner Else then addressed the gatherin g. l!e would, he sald, hke to congratulate the officers, nursing SIsters and men., on the excellent work he had seen that afternoon. There was not time for him to see them 0'0 through a lot of bandaging, and different sorts of drill but he had asked the medical gentlemen who .vere ing there if their ambulance work and their first-aid kn owled ge was up to date, and each one of them assured hl111 it was.

He thought the country and the Brigade ought to be exceedingly proud that in this one area it could provi de on parade at one time over twelve hundred men and women, who were doing just splendid work for the good of the community.

Concluding, Asst. Commissioner Else said he \\ as much obliged for everything he had seen, and thank ed the officers who had been in charge of the parade.

GUISELEY.-The Annual Wharfedale Ambulance Competitions were held at the Drill Hall, Guiseley on Saturday, October 19th.

Dr. H. B. Sproat (Rawdon) adj udica ted in the ambulance contest.

, Among the visitors Dr. Edgerley (1\ledi cal Supt., 1\1enston 1\1ental HospItal) and Mrs. Edgerlcy, Dr. Horsfall (Otley), Corps Supt. Potter (Shipley) and l\Jrs. Potter.

An original test of the ability of the ambulance men was in the set by Dr. Sproat. Jt \v as expla1l1ed that a drowl1lng man had been recover ed fr om a pool of water after being immersed for four minut es Hi was as follows: (1) his colour was blu e; (2) hlS breathll1g had ceased and his pulse was feeble; (3) he had a large sculp wound leading' to a fracture of the frontal bone; (-1-) blood was oozing from his left ear.

As a subsidiary test, eaeh team was taken on U'etch cr drill, followed by individual questions on the theory of ambulance work

Dr. Sproat heartily congratulated the men at the clo se of and said t11at they had displayed great Jll renderIng first-aid. He was particularly impr essed by the excellence shown by the Burley team in stretch er dnll. The team had only dropped two marks in that partlcular test. Yeadon had come in a good second.

The ,result was an.nounced as follows: 1st (Wharf cdale Shleld) BurleY-ll1- Wharfedale 310 marks' 2nd Yeadon (holders), 298; 3rd, Otley} 199' 4th Gt;isele )" 196. " ,

Mrs. Edgerley, who presented the prizes, paid a tribut e to the useful voluntary work accomplished by ambulanc e men and nurses.

An of thanks to the judges and to Mr s. Edgerley was vOlced by Corps Supt. Potter.

ROTlIERII J\M.-The Sergeants' Mess of the No.5 District, S.JA.B., held a dinner on November 2nd} a: th e Crown Hotel, ·Rotherham.

S.ergt.-lV1ajor. J W. Gilling, of the Rotherham Corp s, occupled the chaIr, and upporting him were the Mayor (Alderman S. Hall)} Asst. Commissioner Chief of Staff

November, 19 29 . FIR

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II. C Asst. Commissioner Captain O. F. Buxton, the ChIef Constable (Mr. E. Weatherhogg), District Officer G . Hardy, Div. Surgeon Dr. J. Crook, and StaffSergt. H. Ellis

Mr. I-I. C. Else, in proposing" The Sergeants' Mess," c1escribed the sergeants as the backbone of the organisation It would be possihle to do without the officers, but it would not be possible to carryon effectively without the sergeants

Staff-Sergt. Ellis responded.

Capt. O. F. Buxton gave the toast of " The l\Iayor and Corporation." In no town or city, he said} was there a better und e rstandin g' hetween the authorities and the Ambulance Brigade than in Rotherham. The Mayor was honouring their gat herin g in his official capacity, which \\'as an evidence of the way in which Rotherham appreciated what the St. John Ambulance did for them.

The Mayor, replying, said the members of the Co rporation were not out for their own personal aggrandise111ent, but to render service to the community. He could say the same of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. The inhabitants were gratd ul for the work the ambulance men had done for so many years.

"O ur Visitors/' proposed hy Sergt. vVillo\vs, was acknow ledged by District Officer G. Hardy.

The Chief Constable also responded. He said there· was very close association between the St. John Ambulance Association and the members of the police force.

The musical programme was contributed to by 11r. J. N. Stead, 1\lr. IIartley, and Sergt. \Vhitin g.

Sm'TII KIRKBv.-In presenting: the annual awards to the members of the Sout h Kirkby Division of the St. John Ambu lance Brigade, Corps Supt. T. C. Amery, of Pontefract, said he looked upon South Kirkby as one of the liyeliest Divisions in the Pontefract Corps.

It was mentioned that South Kirkby had won the Brig- house Infirmary Carnival Cup, the Thomes Challenge Cup, the Club Union trophy for the \Vakefield Branch, and the Pontciract Subscription Challenge Shield.

TnoRNE COLLIERy.-1\1ajor C. H. Hoyle, the Thorne Colliery Agent, presided over a gathering held in the ballroom of the Colliery Institute, held for the purpose of presenting awards gained during the preceding year by the Amhulance and Rescue Brigades.

In his openin')' remarks the chairman expressed pleasure tllat Lord Lady Gainford \\'ere present. He was also pleased to note the progress of the ambulance sect ion and stated that the Company w as prepared to add £ 1 to eyery £ 1 raised for the purchasing of uniforms. up to a Iimil of £60.

Ladv Gainford presented the awards to the ladles and Lord Gainford to the men.

Lord Gainforc1 poke of the great of work and how eli tressing it was when accldents occur 111 the absence of a person with first-aid knowledge. la11,r work was more necessary in colliery life than 111 any other, as it was undoubtedly the most dangerous occ upation.

1\1r. J. Edwards, President of the LC?c.al Branch, York11iners' Union, responded, emphaslslng the P01l1t that Thorne Colliery already had some at least of the finest Cll11 hlllan,c vorkers in Yorkshire.

Major F. G. Weller, Managcr, thanked 1\1r. H. Mih:er for his services in re-organising the ambulance sect!on from the poor state it had been in previou to talong' contro l. Distri,t Officer Hill also spoke yery hIghly of thr work of 1\Tr. 1\1illler, ",,,ho, although comparati, e!v a newcomer, had clone much to place the Ambulance DivisIon in the position it is now in.

HT II.L.-Th e Autumn Church Parade of the Hull Co rp:>, S.J.A.B., took place on Sunday, October 2Qth, at

the Queen's Road 'vVesleyan Church and in spite of the very inclement weather a good number of officers and m embers turned out.

The parade was in charge of Corps Supt. H. Bartrop, and others present were District Officers VV. T. Atkinson and E. B. Stephenson, Corps Officers G. Hampson, N. Lord, A. Batty (Corps Treasurer), C Batley (Corps Secretary), Lady Corps Officer Mrs. \Vheatley, 74 Divisional Officers and men, 24 members of ursing Divisions, and 11 cadets.

A special sermon was preached by the Rev. C E. B. Cow burn ; an anthem was rendered by the Church choir, and a collection taken for the Hospital Sunday Fund.

At the close of the service an interesting ceremony took place in the School Hall} presided over by Corps Officer G. Hampson, when District Officer \V. T. Atkinson presented sen"ice medal certificates and ribbons to Diy Supt. G. Backhurst and to Lady Ambulanc e Offic er 1\1rs. Backhurst, both representing 15 years efficient service in the Brigade.

On behalf of the officers and members of the Hull Corps, Supt. Bartrop presented a wireless set and loud speaker to Corps Officer N. Lord, as a mark of appreciation of services rendered during- the past 2S years. :'\lr. Lord sen"ed latterly as Corps Treasurer, and has now lef t the city for Flamborough.

The parade was accompanied to Church by t he \Yest Hull Excelsior Prize Sih"er Band.

No. 6 District.

:\1IDDLESBROUGII.- The opening of the \Vinter Session of ),Iiddlesbrough Central Division took the form of a whist drive and dance.

Durino' the eyening the Assistant Commissioner, F. P. \Vilson to Div. Supt. and Mrs. \Vilson a handsome grandmother clock, suitably inscribed, to ate their silver wedding anniyersary. The ASSIstant C;:ommissioner and Dr. Sandys Belas both spoke \'Cry hIghly of Supt. \\Talker's \York. I\Irs. Richards?n, ,.-ife of a former Division Secretary, presented the pnzes to the successful \\ hist players.

The Diyision is now settling dO\\'l1 to hard \\'ork .on the new text hook and forming clas es for new recfmts. The motto they haye adopted is that of the to\mEri111Lls," meanin o "Hope to Prosper."

No.8 District.

ADDISCOMBE.-The annual concert in aid of the Addiscombe Diyisional Fund, was held on OctC?ber at the I'\orth End Hall, Croydon. A large audIence enJoyect an excellent programme.

Commissioner E. A. Richards, 8 D1stnct) Lhe Dayi Theatre Orchestra for thelr good SerY1CeS also those of the yarious artistes. Speaking the combe Division, he said, that they. were anxIOUS to gnTe the b est possible attention and SerY1Ce and that only be done by the support shO\\"11 by the

The members of the Addisc0111he D1Yl 1011 glye thelr sen'ices wi t hout hope of fee or re,\-a rd b eyond that of being able to help a suffering fellow creature

K\STBOUR?\E.- The Annual Inspection of the Ea thourne Di\ ision of the S.J.A.B took place on 4th. at th e Ordnance Yard Dnll J:Ial1. The Officer ,,,as 1\la jor P. G. Darvd-Sm1th, CB.K, ino' the Chief C0111missioner, and he :YClS b) (;Pt. E. H. Chill, O.B.E., 1\I.D. (ASSIstant for ussex). There were also present Staff Office! H. J. \Vri g'!?,'lcs,\'orth. Diyisional Surgeons Dr. R. (lncl'Dr. S. \Vil1iam , Supt. A. J. Burnage, Amb. \V. A. Dine, Supt. 1\1iss 11. Amh. Officer :\hss Hodgkins, and Lance-Cpl. O. RIch: 111 of the cadets. 11ajor P. Darvil-Smith, havlllg 1l1spected the mem-

bers) congratulated the Division on the way they carried out their duties on the occasion of the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York

He referred to the great help and support given to the Division by the civil authorities in the town) and said he was glad that the Deputy- 1ayor (Councillor 1\Iiss Hudson, J.P.) was present. He assured her and the whole Council that the Chief Commissioner greatly appreciated the assistance rendered by Eastbourne.

In regard to the inspection, he said the work he had seen that evening was better than he had witnessed at his last three inspections. They were smartly turned out, their kit was unequalled as regards completeness" and their general bearing \Vas excellent.

He spoke in tenns of appreciation of the work of Supt. Burnage and the Lady Superintendent. He would report to the Commissioner that it was one of the best inspections he had held for some time.

Staff Officer Vhigglesworth expressed thanks to the Chief Constable and members of the police force for the help giyen to the Brigade on the occasion of the Royal visit) and said fortunately they had only about 30 minor cases to deal with.

The Chief Constable (Mr. VV. H. Smith) said that thanks were due from him to the Division. It was a great clay for the police and for the people of Eastbourne The difficul t ies of the police were lig-htened by the assistance of the St. J Ohl1 Ambulance and if the Brigade had not done the work, the police would have had to do it.

The Deputy-Mayor distributed awards

.Mr. E. \V . Walker presented a handsome silver cup to be competed for by ambulance teams of the Division, and the police, and said the motto of the Brigade from what he had seen that eyening should be " quiet efficiency."

He was thanked by Major Darvil-Smith for his gift.

Supt. Burna g e expressed thanks to the Deputy-Mayor, Chief Constable, and officers from London, and mentioned that three years ag-o they started with eig-ht men, and now had -to men in unifonn and 20 nurses. in addition to the boy and girl cadets.

The Deputy-l\Iayor briefly replied, and apolog'ised for the unayoidable absence of the 1\layor.

HORSIIAlII.-Sunday, October 20th) was an important clay for the Horsham Division, when a new ambulance was presented and dedicated.

It was originally planned to hold the presentation in Horsham Park hut owing to the rain, it took place in St. :Mark's Church. Ambulance and nursing contino'ents from Redhill and .Reigate, Cuildford, Guidlford R:ilwaymen, L1ttlehampton, \tV orthing, Cra'iI.'ley and Thre e Bndges, Brighton and Hove attended under Commissioner Ernest A Richards, Asst. Commander Capt. E. A. Chill, 9· B . E ., M.D., 1\Irs. C. Falwasser (Lady District Super1l1tendent), Capt. W. Butcher, Officer C. Milton (District Officers) c:l11d Capt. H J. Wrigglesworth (District Secretary), wh1}e the Diyision was at full strength under Act1l1g-Sup1. K111g Ambulance Officer D Bryce and Transport Officer B. W. Jarret1. Headed by Supt. W. Beacher and officers of the Horsham police, a procession was fon:ned and marched to music supplied by the IIorsham RecreatIOn Band to the church.

Mrs. Hugh Lancaster, on behalf of herself and the subscribers, presented the ambulance to Mr. M. H. H. Vernon (vice-Chairman of the Horsham Urban Council) " for the benefit of the sick and suffering."

Receiving it on behalf of the town, Mr. Vernon menthat the Chairman of the Council (Amb. Officer DaVId Bryce, J.P.) was in uniform. He thanked Mrs. Lancaster the subscribers for the very splendid and handsome gIft they had The idea of presenting: such an ambulance had ongmated with Mrs. Lancaster about a ago, she was specially to be thanked. tog'ether WIth Captam Hugh Lancaster Mr, G. Betney and

A I

TIll'S. Algernon Elto11) for the valuable work and generous donations which had made the gift possib l e in such a short time. Mr. Vernon referred to the amb ul ance as a perf ect vehicle of its kind obtainable, and the benefit it was going to be to the sick of Horsham could not be over estimated. It would be a great comfort, aIrpost a l uxury, which would become an absolute necessity as time went on. On behalf of the town, Mr. Vernon handed on the gift to the care of the St John Ambulance Brigade Commissioner Richards received the gift, and ur g ed the members of the Horsham Division to work the ambulance in the best interests of the sick and suffering. He hoped that those who had subscribed towards it would realise, when they saw the vehicle on the road) that they had done something worth doing, and that they would know that their confidence in the members of the St. John Am bulance Brigade had not been mis-placed.

The Vicar Qf Horsham (the Rev. Morley L. C. H ea dlam, R.D.) read the following dedicatory prayer: "In h e faith and following of Jesus Christ we dedicate this ambulance for the succour and support of sufferers in their h our of need." The BenedictlOn was followed by the unit ed singing of the National Anthem.

The Nursing and Ambulance Officers and memb ers of the district were later entertained to tea at the Bl ack Horse Hotel, where 1\11'. M. H. H. Vcrnon said the w ork that they did was absolutely invaluable to the commun ity and the fact that their services were giyen '''' ith such a free will made them all the more valuable.

Acting-Supt. King oiced the thanks of the Horsh am Division to Mrs Lancaster) 1\1r. G. Betney and Capt. L ancaster (each of whom had given £100 towards the cost of the Ambulance), anclto 1\Irs. Elton and all others \\h o had been so generous with their help. Their genero sit y had enabled them to have the ambulance quite a y ea r before they otherwise would have done. 1\1r. King- a lso thanked the visitors from other Diyisions for their att enclance and support.

NEWJIAVEX.- The first inspection of the recen t ly formed Newhayen Division of the t. John Ambula nce Brigade, took place on \Vednesday, October 30th, at the Harbour station) the inspecting officer being Capt. E. A. Chill, O.B.E.) M.D., of Battle (Assistant Commissio ne r of Sussex No.8 District) who was accompanied by the District Officer) TIll'. C. l\Iilton., of Hasting-s. Dr. J. O. Summerhayes, D.S.O. (Divisional Surgeon ) \vas on par ade , together with 13 of the 16 members of the Division) un de r Div. Supt. A. E. I-larding.

The men were inspected at drill and stretcher dnll, and were also questioned on first-aid work. The insp ec ting- officer congratulated them on the formation of t h e Brigade, and expressed pleasure at their smart and vmr kmanlike appearance.

No. 9 District.

PLYMOUTII.-The Annual Competition for ambulance tcams in Devon and 011 the eastern horder of Cornw a ll was carried out by the S1. John Ambulance Brigad e at the King Street Wesleyan Schoolroom, Plymouth, on Saturday, October 26th) before a large gathering.

Nine Devonshire teams took part in the contcst, a nd 15 minutes were allowed for the treatment of the "patient" after the reading of the fo ll owing test paper :-

"You are going as a team to attend a fete at T o rpoint and are crossing- the River Tamar in the ferry. You are in a hurry and jump off before the prow is lowered. No.5 slips, and before he has time to get up the prow .is lowered and imprisons his feet. He screams with palll and collapses. The tide is ri ing rapidly, and there is gr eat excitement.

Col. J. P. S. Ward (County Surgeon of the Brigade) was the juclp;c of the tC(ull competition) and in an acijoin-

Nove mb e r, 19 29. FIRST

ing room Dr. B. Venn-Dunn (Torquay) judged the individua l ablllty of the competltors, of whom three vvcre subjected to a further test before the final selection of the winner was made.

In the team competition) Plymouth Central scored 2..J.7 points out of a possib le 3-t5; Newton Abbot) 222; Barnstaple, 2 19; Torquay, 209; Exeter) 203; Ashburton, 203; Paignton, 190; Friary (Plymouth) 170; Totnes, 169. Plymouth Central were, therefore, the winners of the 1\1arcus Hare Silver Cup as the champion team, and Pte P. To\\nsend (Newton Abbot) won the "Pengelly" Sih er Cup as the champion individual ambulance worker in the county.

The ceremony of presentation of the awards was pn:sided ove r by Commissioner E. V. Miller, and Mr. J. E. Pillar (Deputy-Mayor of Plymouth) welcomed the teams and congratulated them upon the high standard of first-aid sen ice displayed

Dr. Venn-Dunn said that from his test of the individual workers he was satisfied they showed an improvement on the previous year. There was, however, still room for improvement.

1\1rs. Pillar presented the awards to members of the sllc cessful team and to Pte. Townsend.

County Commissioner T. Pengelly proposed a vote of t hanks to the Deputy-l\Iayor and Deputy-),1ayoress, Kin g' Street Church trustees, thc judges) the Plymouth Corps, and Counly Officer T. D. Perkins (Competition S ec reta ry).

The vote was seconded by County Officer H. J. Vick (Paig'nton), and 1\Ir. J. H. Beckly (County Chairman of th e 'st. John Ambulancc Association) acknowledged it. Lady County Officer Mrs. Balsdon, and Corps Superintendents J. Rice (Newton Abbot), A. Wheatley (Totnes), ane! W. F. Pethick (Plymouth) were among those present.

SOUTIlMOLToN.-The annual mceting- of Southmoltol1 D ivision was held on Tucsday evening, October 29th , the Ma yor (Councillor E. Cockram) presiding, 1\1r. G. E. Bowden, Divisional Superintendent) reported that its first jJuhlic duty consisted of providing men and for ambulance work at Devon County Show, whIch was car ried out to the ell tire satisfaction of the show officials and of the County Commissioner) who congratulated thc Hr ig·ac1e. Sixty-nine cases had been and assistance in removing- patients to hospItal.

Tllr. Arthur Eldridge, Secretary, said that temporary ac commodation for the Brigade had been secured at the Y l\ LC.A rooms. They were indebted to Alderman BL:sh fo r the loan of forms, chairs) tables, etc. Mr. Maunce Clarke, Treasurer, reported a deficit of £ 11 5s. Sd.

The Mayor stated that when the movement started th e re were no funds They budgeted for £70 to pay for n11iforms and other expenses) and with the exception of £11 5s. that sum had been raised. There was a possihility of £10 being yoted to the Brigade from a fund in connection with the County Show. Mr. J. Furse Sanders scud that if the £ 10 was forthcoming he would provide th e balance of thc deficit.

Alclerman Bush announced that the Mayor of Southmolton had offered to givc the Brigade a challenge cup, and the offer had been accepted.

No . 10 District.

HAVERIIILL.- The Annual Inspection of the Have rh ill Division of the S.J.A.B. took place at the Ambulance H a JJ , in Camps Road, a visit being- paid by District Officers F E. N ethercoat and J. E. Death, and Reservc Corps Supt. Pawsey, a ll of Ipswich. In spite of the unfayourable weather conditions there were over forty members-men, nurses, and cadets-of the Division on parade, including Div. Surgeon J. Durie, Supt. G. S Scott, Lady Supt. R. Rufflc, Amb. Officer Wi l liam Scrivener) Lady Secretary

A I D. 117

E. M. Pannell, Girl Cadet Officer F. A Carler, and Boy Cadet Officer A. Shipp.

I n connection with the inspection, members of the men's section were called upon to g'ive attention to a case of fractured thigh, and boys' cadets to render" first-aid" to patients with a fractured collar-bone and a fractured fore-arm respectively. This work was examined by District Officer ethercoat) and in the meantime District Officer Death was submitting tests to candidates for the " Eades" and "Scott)) cups, the trophies offered for cmnual competition for the girl cadets and boy cadet respectively.

At the finish, District Officer N ethercoat addressed the Division, congratulating all concerned upon their smart turnout, and upon belonging to such a well-equipped Diyision. He had to apologise, he said, for the absence of Asst. Commissioner S. O. Eades, of Ipswich, whom illness had kept away, but who had sent his best wishes for the success of the Haverhill Division.

District Officer Death) before announcing the results of the tests he had conducted , apologised on behalf of J. F. C. Hossack who very much regretted that he could not be present at that inspection. In regard to the tests) there had been a yery tough job, as there was such little difference between the entrants. Both the girls and the boys were to be congTatulated upon the way they had answered the questions submitted to them: and their officers) too, were to be complimented upon the state of efficiency reached. He tll en stated that the two winners were Gladys Radford and Charles Suffling, to whom he hael the pleasure of handing them the trophies they were to hold for the com ing- year.

Supt. Scott expressed thanks to the two officers who had carried out the inspection, his remarks being supported by those of Div. Surgeon Durie, Lady Supt. Ruffle, and Amb, Officer SCl-inner. following- " hich cheers 'vvere g-iven for the three yisiting· o fficers, acknowledgment being made by Supt. Pa\\'se:

r PSWICII.-On aturday, October 26th, the open in!.!,' ceremony took place of the new Ipswich 1\ledical Comfort':> Depot, presented hy the Ips\\'ich Industrial Co-operati\'c Society, Ltd., in commemoration of its Diamond. J ubikc. Scyeral hundreds of people attend ed the opel11ng' cercmony, which was per formed on a piece ope.n land adjoining' the depot. An extra force of polIce directed the larg e numbers of spectators ,d10 assemuled round thc platform, in front of \\'hich of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, accompal11ed by a drum and l:l1gle band, formed a guard of honour. Among the first arnyals on the platform were i\Ir. J. McFadyen (President, Ipswich Society), Sir Thomas Allen (Director" C.W S.) Tllr. R. E. Hale (General i\Ianager of the Society), and Sir John Ganzoni (TILP. for Ipswich). Shortlyaf!erwards came Lieut.-Col. J. T. vVoolrych Perovme of the Order of St. John)., wearing the cross of hIS order upon the left hreast of his jacket. and the Mayor of Ipswich (),Ir. J. F. C. Hossack. F R.C.S.), were by the band with the general salute and 1l1spected the Q'uard of honour before mounting the platform 11r. McFadyen, who presided, handed the deeds Lieut.-Col. Perowne. In doing so, Mr. McFadyen saId that were the pioneers of the present, they would say that their were cl01l1g wha.t the of the society would deSire then: to do. Wh1,le manat>ement committee would have bked the bu:ld1l1g to have been opened during the societ.y's year of Jubdee, he thoug·ht it fitlil1D' that it honlel pass mto the care of the Order .of St. J during' the yery week that one of the finest of the Order, the Rhodes Missal) had back to It.

Accepting the deeds, saId the Order of St. John was the most anCIent .111 e:::1 at moment, and the only one of ItS kind" actIve for the benefit of humanity. It was an hospltaller order,

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that was, its work was always done for the poor and the sick. They owed a great debt of gratitude to the Ipswich Society, and in the name of the Order he wished the depot a long and useful life.

The l\Iayor thanked the society for the St. John Ambulance As ociation, aying that they had been carrying on a medical comforts depot in Ipswich for several years, and its activities had so developed that they had been crowded out of house and home. The society heard of their difficulty, and the result was the birth of the" baby." He thanked the society for its munificent gift, not only on behalf of the St. John Ambulance Association, but also on that of the whole of the poor and needy of Ipswich.

Declaring the depot open, Sir Thomas Allen said that the co-operative movement was proud of the Ipswich Society. The only proof of sincerity for mcn or moYement was that they should proceed upon the principles that they proclaimed The Ipswich Society was standing for its principles. To-day a jubilee had come to its full fruition in a building not only beautiful) but eminently useful.

1\1r. McFadyen briefly thanked Messrs. CobbtJld, thc owners of some adjoining property, who had met the cost of a dividing wall.

The ceremony ended with the presenlation to Sir Thomas by 1\1r. Sherman of a key y\,ith which to open the building, and a public inspection (repeated on the four following clays) th en took place.

A large company of guests ",as entertained to tea by the society in the large co-operative hal], 1\1Ir. G. T. Baylis (i\1anagement Committee) in the chair. Speeches expressing appreciation of the society's aclion were made by Dr. S. O. Eades (Chairman of the depot), the Mayor (who is also District Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade), Sir John Ganzoni) M.P., Mr. R. A. Taylor, M.P., and Councillor R. F. Jackson.

ORTH WALsHAM.-The members of the orth V!alsham were entertained on Friday, October at the K111g'S Arms Hotel. Mr. and Mrs. Georg e served a capital dinner, which was followed by an enjoyable sOCIal programme. Mr. John Dixon (Presiwas in the chair, supported by Mrs. lngmere, of Ant111gham, the Rev. C. W. Kershaw) Dr. C. G. Taylor, 1r. H. P. Wonham and Mr. A. H. vValker.

Dixon, in proposing the loyal toast, explained t hat K111g George V. was Sovereign head and patron of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and was Grand Prior from 1901 to 1910, when he was succeeded by the Duke of Connaught. The Order was established in 1096 and the Knights of St. John carried on through the Middle Ages protect111g the oppressed and succouring thc sick.

Mr. G. B. Fuller) Divisional Superintendent, announced that as Dr. J. Duncan Hart) their Divisional had been called out to a serious casc) it had fallen upon h1m to make a presentation. The mcn in that Divihad for some time past to make some recogl11tlOn to )'1r. Dlxon for the many valuable services he had rendere? them during his five years as President. He woul? llke ?n of that Division to present him with a sUltably gold encased fountain pen.

Mr. remarked that this was a complete surpnse to h1l11. He had always done his best for the Bngade and North Walsham, and would continue to do so. He thanked Mr. .Fuller and the Brigade for their gift and would apprec1atc 1t as long as he lived. He thanked l\Irs lngmere her in the Brigade and for her help 111 arrang111g th1S dmner and entertainment.

It sh?uld be noted .that Mrs: raised the money for the by pubhc subscnptlOn to show appreciation of the splend1d work of the ambulance men.

A dance the musical programme, the Cromer Orchestra supplY1l1g the music.

A I D. November, 1929.

Priory for Wales.

MEETlNGS of the Ambulance and Executive Committees were held in the Prior y Room, Law Courts, Cal-diff, on Mond ay afternoon, O ctober 28th, 1929

The Chairman, Colonel H. E. l\{. Lindsay, e. B., beforf' proceeding wi th the business, referred to the Jo ss the Pri ory had sustained in .thc death of Dr. R. J. Smith, O.B.E. Coroner for CardIff, an d a former Lord !\layor of the city. A vote of sympat hy wilh the relatives ,vas unanimously pa ssed and high tribute wa s paid to the serv ices of the late Dr. Smith, "\ovho in his early days had bl'en Secretary of the Ambulance 1l10Vel:1ent In Ca!-diff, was a mcmber of Chapt er, and severa l Stanchng Comnllltees and an Honorary Associ ate of the Order.

Authority was gi\-e n for a new Ambulance lIall lo be built at Llang-einor, and to cons ider the question of the Ambulance Hall at Brithdir.

The appointment of Licul.-Colonel S. B. Coomb, M.e. nominated by the Territorial Arm)' \ sociation as Controller of D enbighsh ire was agreed, an d it was report eel that women's Voluntary Aid Detachments were in the COurse of forl1lation at Bargoed, Cwm, an d Cilf)'n)'dd in the county of S;lamorgan, of which Colonel H. E. 1\1. Lind sa y is ASSistant St. J ohn Controller.

otice was recei\ 'e d frolll the \tV ar Office that a atisfactory I:eport bad been made by S. O. Dolan, l\1ilitary Ho pltal, Beachley, who ,,\'as detailed by the COl11mander-inChief, \Vestern Command, to inspect the Buckland B\\' \Ch Delachment, and that a continuance of official reco<.Tniti on had been sanctioned.

Staff C?ffi.cer W. H. J ones was appointed Temporary Sub-CommiSSIoner for the l\lerthyr Centre, and it w as agreed to submit the names of the following for the Sen'lce l\ledal of the Order issued by command of thc o\'ereign for fifteen years' efficient service :-

Commissioner R. \tVilson Bartlett, Corps Supl. D cl\'id Davies, Corp ' Treasurer David 'Vat ers (deceased), Dl\ ISlOl1al Supts. Henry Verna ll , Charles Robert Lee Pri\'a te Jenkin l\1organ, l\lonmoutllshire Centre ; A.lbert Edward Brown, 1\Ionlgol1leryshire Ccntre; Albe rt E. ]. ]. Ald er, Boroug-h of Centre.

An app li cation for a bar to the Service :'Iledal of Sup l. D. 1\1. Sims, Carmarthcnshire Centre, who had completed twenty years' service, was approved.

New classes are being formed in many Centres in North Wales and new Divisions have been sanctioned at Denbi o-h and Flint. The Priory has approached the Flintshire tion Authority and asked that sanction be gi\'en and a grant made for Ambulance classes in connection with the Evenin o Continuation classes, as is being done in most districts. a rran gement was made l ast se s ion by the Priory with th e Rhondda Education Author ity, to admin ister its Ambulan ce classe , which prover!. and a s imil ar arrangement been madc. for thIS sesSIOn. It s lik ely othe r authorili es :vdl follow thiS cxal11ple as the Priory has a vcry lar ge InAucnce throughout the principality in Ambulance malleI'S. It some two hundred and fifty c lasses eac h year and Issues about twelve thousand awar d s in First Aid Hom e Nursing and the a lli ed subjects annua ll y. It has' nearh 9,000 members the Medical Comforls hav e been establtshed 111 many centres. Ambulance Hall s hm'e bcen built, and it has the only public motor ambulanc e transport service in the principality.

A numbcr of Companies in Wales are takin g of the ±acdilles offered by the Priory for the trainIng of dnver s and conductors of public serv ice \ ehicles in amb ulance work, and in many cases suilab le first aid outfits are being carried.

AWARDS PRESE TEf) AT GLYNCORRWC.

Thcre was a largc gathcring 011 Wednesday, October

November, 1929. FIRST

23rd, at the Memorial Hall, Glyncornvg, at a concert given by the G loda Anthracite Male Voice Party, organised by l\1r. D. J. Nichola s, secretary of the Glyncorrwg Ambulance Di\'is ion.

Sir Herbert D W. L ewis, K. B. E., Cardiff, presided, s upported by the Colliery managers, representati\'es of the \\'orkmen's committees, and the Hall wns full of pe op le inte rested in the ambu lan ce movement, and espec iall y in the l\lotor Transport Service of the Priory, which is now being k ee nly dis c us sed throughout the area.

The Chairman said a n ew motor amb ul ance was being built for Cymmer, and would be sent there immediatel\' it was ready, and if it was considered necessary another stat ion would be opened in the Glyncorrwg district to provide adeql!ate sen'ice for th e whole The authorities were \'e ry kind ly helping the Priory to obtain a suitable and house for the dri\ 'cr, which would bc ready shorLly. He Illade a dehnite arpeal to those present to help the Priory to organ ise a l\ledical Comforts Depot, so that medical requisites could be obtained for use in any house in the district in which there was sickness.

Lady Lewis, O. B. E., put in a plea for the Boy Cadets, congrat ul ated the members on the work they had already done, appea led to the ladies present to join the Home ursing' C lasses, nnd reform the Nursing Division so that there might be in the l oca lit y a hody of \\ 'o men trained in first aid and home nursing ab le to deal with cases of sickness occuring in their o\\'n homes, and to assist othel-s She knew from experience it ,,-o uld b e of \'e r)' \'a lunbl e a sistance to the community, and give great pleasure to know they were able to give sen'ice of this kind when needed.

Lady Lewis then pre ented the certificates and awards to the following members :-George Davies, R egina ld Nic holls, Elias Davie, Evan Edwards, Thomas Ackery, W. ]. John, C1irrord Curnick and Thomas orman.

CEFN COED DJ\'ISIO:"\ ATTAIl\S ITS l\IAJORITY.

The coming-of-age of the Cefn Coed Division of the St. Joh n Ambulance Brigade was celebrated at a _ ocial e\'ening held at the Church Hall, Ccfn Coed, on Thursday e\ening, Octo ber 31st.

Mrs. E. W. G. Ri chards, the only lady on the Brecknoc kshire County Council, presided and the appreciation of lhe work of the Di\'ision was e\ ident from lhe very large gat hering assembled in the Hall.

TheCefn GleeSingersand Entertainers, with '\lr. Lawrence Tho mas condu ct ing and l\liss Ada E\'a ns, R.A.l\1., R.C.l\1., as accompanist, ga\'c an exce ll ent musical programme, and in the intenal Captain S. T. Beard, O. B. E. (no\\' Sub-Commiss ioner of the :\Ionmouthshire Centre of the Priory), who esta blished the Di\ ision, ga\'e an interesting account of its for mation and de\·eloJlment.

The Commissioncr congratu lated the Division on its twe nty-one years of 1.1 ef ul service to the people of Cef n, and urged them, not only to carry 011, but to increase the ir activ itie s, as training in First-Aid work was daily heco ming more necessary. He appea led to the women to for m Nursing c lasses, become an organised body, and so, not on ly make themselves eflicient to help th district nurses, hu t to do what was required in their OWI1 homcs, as in all l<lSeS of illness good nursing- was essen ia!. If they were ab le to form a Nursing Di\i5ion thc)' might take charge ot a l\ledica Comforts DepOt as was being clone Ilearby at l\Jerthyr, so that any hou se in Ccfn in \,\ hi ch there \\as s ickness might be able to obtain all the requisites needed 011 loan at short noti ce.

FIR ST AID AT BAHRY.

The vo lum e of gratuitous serv ce rendered by the Di\'isions of the Brig'ade on Barry I sland during the summer months is exe mplifi ed by the statistical rcport rpcently published by Mr. F. R. Hortop, the

It shows that 1,2,0 cases were dealt \\ Ith dUring- 1929. Eac h clay the Ambulance 1'nen a nd women atLC'nd t he First-

A I D. 119

Aid ?epot at. the Barry.Island to maintain a continuous days, serV ic e, and 111 severa l Instances, where patients co uld not be mo\'cd, have stayed all night.

Th c majority of the cases \\'ere of a minor character but there were 30 serious cases, and the work has been hi'ghly praised by medical men.

It is interesting to note that 1 ,2 -+0 lost children were cared for by Brigade members in the Creche betore they were c laimed by their parents.

CEF/\ CRlBBWR DIYI SIO:\,.

The above Division ha\'e been doing grand work for some months, and owing to the great number of new members enrolled, a new Ambulance Officer and .e.0 were promoted, anJ 1\lr. Wm. T. Lewis and Ir. J. D. Lewis were e lected in the respective offices. Tlwse two men have been v ery.hard workers and their fellow members are \'e ry enthUSiastIC for the future. A Tursing Di\'ision is to be formed with assistance of the officer and N. e. O's. The Bo, Cadets Officer R. T. Davies is working hard and receiving great assistance from memb c rs of the Ambulance Di\'ision.

NEWPORT (l\ lo N.) CORPS.

The 25th anniversary of t h e Newport (1\1on.) Corps was held at the Drill Hall, Dock-street, on 'Yednesday, October 25th, when a large number of officers, ex-officers, members and wives spent an enjoyable socia l evening. Tho e present included lr. and :\1rs. A. G. E. ]. Fudge, 1\11'. 'Wilson Bartlett (Commissioner for I onmouthshire), G J. Rowlands (ex-Corps Supt.) and 1\1rs. RO'.\'land Div. Supt. and Mr G. H. Hunt, l\Ir. ]. Barber (Corps. Secretary) and Mrs' Barber, Diy. Supt. and Irs. Marshall, Di\ Supt. and l\lrs. J. Bellew, Di\. Supt. G. \tV. and :\lrs Hopkins, Di\'. Supt. and 1\1rs. A. J. Amb, Officer and Mr Jones, Amb. Officer and ;\lrs. Brown, i\mb Officer and :\lrs. I\lorrish, and Corps Sergt.-:\Iajor and i\Irs. Worthy.

The cha irm an, Commander A. G. E. J. Fudge, who referred to th e una\'oidable adsence ot Corps Supt. G. Storey, read letters of regret for non-attendanc e from th e :\layor (Councillor \V, J. GriA'iths), Dr. S. ;"l cCo rma Supt. J. Marshall and others.

In his remarks th e chairman spokc of the uphill \\'ork of the Brig-ade, and stated he \Vas very pleased to b e present, Supt. C. :'lIar hall spoke of the progress made and good work done by he Newport Corp.

1\11'. G. J. Rowlands proposed a \'o te of thanks to the chairman and artiste which was carried unanimously.

S.J.A.B. Overseas.

P.\RSl AMBULANCE DIVISION.

\V E are pleased to report on the good work done by this Di\'i ion on October 15th 121 t. At 12.4-5 p. m. a collap ed in Bombay, and immediately on recel\'lng on the news members of the Parsi Division, under Supt. D. F. Panthanki, proceeded to lhe scene of the catastrophe with their motor ambulance and first aid requisite. For ix and a half hours they remained on duty helping the rescue party in remo\ ing and trealing the injured. Their work has been highly praised in the lo ca l pre s.

The Parsi Division has been in existence for the last 25 years, and has pro\'e d the usefulnes of it ex istence oilman), occasions. For the work done during the Bomba) riot in February la t, the Grand Prior of the Order of St. John, on the recommendation of the Chapter-General, ha granted a Special Vote of Th ank - on Vellum.

'V e hope that the Division will prosper long and be able to help those ill distress.

Rat/way Ambulance News.

Great Western.

CTI ESTER.-N otification has been receiyed that l\Ir. R. H. Pryce, ,,\'ho for many years has acted as Ambulance Secretary for the Chester (No. U) I)i \'ision of the C.\N.R. has resigned the position. Mr. Pryce has becJl untiring- in his efforts to advance first-aid alllong railwaymen in the Chester Division and these elforts were recently recognised by the \ Te nerable Order of St. John of Jerusilelll, which awarded him the Vellum Vote of Thanks for his sen'ices to the caust'. It is understood thal he is to he succeeded in the Secretaryship hy 1\11'. J. of the Divisional SU]lLTinteIlllellt's Officc, \\ ho is only less \\ ell kno\\'n in the amhulance 1ll00'e mcm ill the Chester /)ivision than l\lr. Pryce himself) for 1\1 r. 1\1artin has been acting' as 1\1 r. Pryce's assistant for some consiclerable t imc'

\VELLT (;TON (S/\LoP).-The annual dinne r in connection with the Wellington ambulallce class was held at the Queen's Hall recently when l\Ir. J. R. l\1orris (Divisional Superintendent) distributed the class examination awards to the successful candidates.

l\1r. Spurrell Dayies occupied the chair and arnong the large company who sat down to ell< excellent repast were

1\1r. A. James (Assistant Superintendent), Mr. Pellow (Wolverhampton), 1\Ir. Curnow (Shrewsbury), and Drs. Hollies and Pooler. the latter bein o- the Class Lecturer.

1\1r. l\Iorris spoke in eulogistic terms of the interest taken in the movement in the Welling-ton district, and appealed to all present to extend the strength and usefulness of the local classes in every direction. Dr. Hollies gave an account of the growth of the movement in vVellington from its earliest days, illustrated by incidents which had come within his personal experience. An interesting musical programme was contrihuted and much appreciated.

ROGERSToNE.-Whcn memhers of the Rogerstonc Division recently assemhled for their annual presentation of awards at the hands of l\1r. Trevor Roberts at the Globe Hotel, four lads who were cycling down the street had the misfortune, in the darkness which prevailed, to get foul of the tow rope attached to a disabled motor car The result was that with little or no warning all four were thrown violently to the ground Thei r inj uries included a fractured leg, a fractured arm) besides some nasty cuts and bruises.

The ambulance 111en immediat e ly went to the assistance of the lads and, having- quickly ohtained first-aid material. were ahle to render efficient treatment to .a ll the \Tictims; treatment \\'hich called forth the highest testimony of the doctor \\'ho arrivecl later upon the scene. Three of the lads \.-vere taken to the hospital anci the other to his home. The work 0 f the amhulance men afforded a yaluabLc object lesson to a large crowd of lly -s tanders.

KINGSBRIDGE.-The distrihution of examination awards to memhers of the King-slJricige Class was presided over by M r. H. S B. Whitley (Divisional Engineer), who, in the course 0 [ an interesting- address reminded the gathering- that amhulance was a of love. They got nothing out of it except the sat isfa ction of knowing- that they had helped their fellow men. The movement was continuing: to grow, and in the Plymouth Division a record numher of men were taking instruc tion.

A railwayman was often able to make use of llis kn owled ge to help his fellows in connection wi.th the too numerous accidents which occurred on the roads. He \\ as glad to know that there was a hundred per cent. incre ase in the membership of the King-: hriclge Class this y ear , and he urged e mpl oyees at tIle station who hac! not alre ady joined the class to do so.

The Rev. \V. J. Phillips, who presented the awards, congratulated the Illclllliers, and comp lil11 cntl'd them ()Il b ei I' leaders.

Dr. Verniquct (Class Lecturer)" to the actiYe part class members had taken in the mo\ 'e ment in the tOWIl sa id that Illany a rail\\'ayman hac! taken his turn at sitting: up with a patient at tl1<' hospital whell thal sen ice was lleeded. I t was work quite outside the railway, and th(' thanks of the cOI1l111unity was due to them.

Mr. Noc1der (the Divisional Secretary) urged the class memhers to continue their studies, for ill tlrst -a id there \vas always something more to be ·learned.

During the proceedings presentations ",'e re made ll\' 1\Ir. \tVhitley, on l)ehalf 0 r the class members) to DI:. Verniquet and to Mr. \tVilk:ins (Class Secretary), in appreciation of their sen'ices

CULLOMPTON.-A pleasant evening- was spent hy members of the Cullompton Class on the evening- of Octo her 23rd, when awards gained in the recent examination \\'ere distrihutecl to sl1ccessh,1 examinees at the Half-l\I ooll IIotel. During the proceedings Dr. Gidley and Mr. A. E. Hopkins addressed the gathering which was presided 0\ cr hy l\fr. Evans (Station l\Iaster).

SWANsE.\.-The l\Jayor of Sv,ra nsea presided at a happy gathering of ambulance workers belonging to the Swansea Docks Danygrai.e.· and Central Classes., which was held at Thomas' Cafe, on October 26th, when examination awards were distrihuted by Mrs. \tV. E. James, wife of the late District Goods Manager.

Presentations were made to Mr. F. G. Darriball for fiye years Class Treasurer, to Instructors C. H. Bey an and J. York and to Drs. L. "'l. Hefferman, M. H. Madain e, and J. S L. Roberts and the Secretaries H. A Evans, and R. Payne.

A most enjoyable musical programme was provi ded and much appreciated by a larg-e company.

a concert, org'anisec1 hy the Briclg-e nc1 Class, and h e ld at the Railway Hotel, on October 31 st. W. C. Cox (Assistant Divisional Supe rint endent), who presented examination awards. appealed for recruits to the movement during thc coming- session. Among the was the G.W.R gold medal [or 15 years' first-aiel efficiency, which was handed to Mr. B. R Curtis (Class Tnstructor ). Mr. Curtis also hold s the Company's silver medal for meritorious first-aid renderec1. During- t11 e proceedin gs. Dr. W. E. Thomas (Lecturer) wa made the recipient of a s111oker's outht on behalf of the class mcmbers.

Among: recent admissions made to tIle Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem are tIle following- meml") er5 of the Great Western Raihvay Ambulance Centre, on 11eha1£ of whom recommendations have been submitted hy the G.W R. Central Ambulance Committee to the Ord er of St. John on account of exceptionally meritorious seryices to the first-aiel movement continued over a long period of years.

November, 1929. FIRST

George Gibhon, Examiner, Locomotive Department. Cardiff Parade Station.

Robert D. Germain, Station Foreman, Traffic Depart111ent, Cardiff General Station.

H. Evans, Signalman, Traffic Department, Bannouth Tunction.

Arthur O. Thomas, Signalman, Traffic Department, Landore.

Francis 1. Tuck, Clerk, C.l\1.E.'s Department, Tewton Abhot.

Henry J. raul, Painter, Eng-ineering Department, Taunton.

J ames Andrews, Goods Guard, Traffic Depa rtme11t, T rowbridge.

London, Midland and Scottish.

BEUFoRD.-vVell over 100 members of the Bedford and District ambulance classes attended the annual dinner and presentation 0 r awards recently. 1\11'. G. T. Chapman presided and waS supported by Messrs. Thomas, So\\'ter, 1n Iles, Grice, Gill, Fawks, Rich, Hor ley and Thornewel1.

The Chairman referred to the loss ttJe class had sustai ned by the recent death of the late Class Secretary, "Ir. J. Barnett. The Company had lost a good and the ambulance movement a very loyal and enthUSiastic worker.

The toast of the L.l\I.S. Ambulance Centre vvas propose d by Alderman Sowter, J.P., and seconded by 1\fr. Roo me. The awards were presented by Mr. Thomas, who stated he was always pleased to do anything he could to fur ther the railway ambulance mo\'emcnt. He had a passenger on the L.1\r.S. Railway for o\'er 30 years and

A I D. 121

recently, when Mr. C. F. Ratcliffe presided, supported by the Mayor-Elect, Councillor A. J, Pilsbury, Mr. S. H. Fisher, Superintendent of Operation, Derby (who made the presentatIOns), and Dr. Neil McLeod.

After proposing the health of the King, the Chairman told a large company that 30 members of the staff at Loughborough had sat for the examination this year, of whom 28 had passed. Councillor Pilsbury, proposing the L.i\1.S. Railway, said it was vital to Loughborough and e\'ery other town that the railways should be operated in the best possible manner.

lvIr. A. T. Wright said the honour of the toast was with the L.M.S. ambulal1ce service.

Dr. McLeod was presented with a fountain pen in recognition of his sen'ices to the centre. Replying, Dr. McLeod paid tribute to the driving' force, persistence, perseverance and energy of Mr. F. Wortley, the Secretary, and 1\1r. R. Tite. The doctor had never had a better class, nor one more regular and attentive.

London and North Eastern.

The L. .E. Railway are out to help their employees and in the oyember issue of their magazine particulars of gold medals and new privileges for ambulance efficiency are set forth.

To encourage the staff to acquire and maintain a knowledge of first-aid \\"ork, the Company have decided to award a special 10ng-ser\'1ce gold medal to ambulance workers upon passing fifteen examinations or annual efficiency tests, with a gold bar for each additional five examinations. A further concession which will b e much appreciated is that the extra annual free pass now granted to staff qualifying for the ambulance medallion, and for eac h subsequent efficiency test will now be extended to cover the first-aid certificate and voucher. }'1oreover, leay c of absence without loss of pay \\ill be allowed to all competilors taking part in the Company's District or Preliminary Competitions, \"here necessary and where not already in operation.

The Company desire that members of the staff who render first-aid of a very exceptional character, wh ether they are at the time on or off duty, .be suitably r ecoo'n ised and as an expression of appreCIatIOn of such meritorious awards \\"ill be given.

This should be a great incentive to the men and women on the L.N.E. Railway to take up ambulance \\'ork and we hope that a great increase of members will be shown on the next returns.

" 'elling-borough Ambulance Team.

he was not palling them on the shoulder when he said that durin o the whole of the time he had not had a cross word any railway employee. IIis presence at th!s function should be taken as an attempt to show hiS appreciation and thanks.

The Chairman presented the Instructor of the WIL1111f?·ton Class, Mr. G. Parson, with a small token of theIr appreciation of his services.

The concert which followed the presentatIOn was thoroughly enj oyed by all present, and we congratulate the Chairman and his Committee.

LOUCTf130ROucn.-The LOllghborough amblllance class held tlleir smoking concert and presentation o[ awards

On October 15th the York Class('s held their annual social i 11 the Railway I nstitute, York, when a large cO.mpan)' attended the whist dri\'e and danced until a late hour. At the interval l\lr. J. 1\1iller presented the awards obtained in the last session, and l'lr. Geo. Jackson gm'e a resume of the concessions recently gi.\'en for and asked for lie'" members in tbe forthcol11111g- esslon: T. Hutchinson presided, and 1\1r. A. "\tkinson, Dlstnct Secretary, \\-as amongsl those presenl.

On October 23rd the "\\'e t Hartlerool Class held a whist dri,,() and uance in the Co-operati\'e Hall, ,,,hen a large C0111pany assemb ed, Amongst those being Mr. and 1\1rs, R. Tale, l\Irs. IV. Gray. 1'1r. ]. "n ght, i\lr: and Ensor, Mr. and :\1 rs. McKenzie, i\I1". and i\lrs. Stephenson, 1'1r. J. Forresl, elc. "\t the inten'a l 1\lr. Tate called upon 1\1r. Geo. Jackson to gi\'e them an of concessions gi\'en to members, and this was recel\'ed \\'lth greal acclamation.

On OClober 23rd the Ne\\'C<lslle Police held lheir. social in the Railway Inslitute, Gateshead, \\' hen a llW enjoyable

evening was spent. Police Supt. J. Rodger s presented lhe awards to the men, Insp ector Charlton pre'iding. On arri\'al of 1\lz-. Geo. Jack on later, he was called upon to give an account of the concessions, \vhi ch, as usual, was recei\'ecl with greal glee by all concerned.

On Oclober 23rd the Brampton Jun ction Clas had their awards presented to them at lheJul1ction, and Dr. Bernstein was presented with a small momenta for his excellent en ices to the c lass, and 1\11'. 1\1oney was also the recipient of a present for his services as instructor.

On October 25th the Gateshead Engineers Class held at the Railway ] nstitulf', Gateshead, when Mr Knight presided and Police Supt. l Rodgers presented the awards :\. presentation to the lecturer, Dr. G. vVilson, of a very fine inkstand had to be deferred, o\ying to the doctor being unable to attpnd. :\11'. Geo. Ja ckson, in moving a yote of thanks to Supt. Rodgers, gm'e a resume of the concessio.ns gi\'en to the ambulance mo\ ement. Mr. Geo. Murray, DIStrict Chairman; 1\1r .\, v\Tright, District Secretary: Mr. E. Jobson, Treasurer, and Mr. S. E. Smith, Class Chairman, were amongst tho e present.

The Dock Engineer Staff turned up ell masse at the Villoria Hotel, Hull, on Novelnber 1 t at their "Continenti'll" Smoker, \"hen I'll r. J, A, vVickham presided, su pported by 1\1 r. A. Tulip, :\s"istant Engineer; Mr. H. Hudson, Accountant; 1\1 r. Geo. Jackson, General Secretary; r r. F. R. Charlton, Class Secretary, etc. Some most excellent songs, monologues, etc., were rendered, and at the interval Mr. \Vickham presented the a\\'ards and spoke of the need of a greater number of his staff joining the classes, and ca:led upon lhp Gencml Secretary to give them an idea of what thE' Company were offering thcm as sonie littl e recognition of their efforts to become First Aiders.

On 1 o\'ember 7th the Ne\\'cas tle Central class held their annual smoker in the Crown Hotel, when Inspector]. Butler presided, supported by Dr. i'lnd Mrs. Miller, 1\11'. and :\irs Fiddian, 1\Ir. and Irs. E. F. V,'ilkinson, Ir. F. C. Buscarlet, Mr. L. Sproal, Mr. J. D, Horgan, 1\Ir. T. C. Humphrey, 1\1r. Geo. Jackson, Mr. G. 1\1urray, l\1r. A. Wright, etc.

1\1rs. Miller presented the awards, and Dr. Miller gaYe some \'c ry fine advice to the members and intC'nding member s

1\1r. Geo. Jackson handed to l\lessrs. Fox and Foreman, ebon)' walking slicks suitably inscribed for their excellent work in rendering fir aid to the injured in the railway accident at Charfield in October last year, when they v.ere passengers in thc train. 1\1r. A. Robson handed to

II'. Humphrey an album of records, V,Tagners "Parsifal," as some re'cognition of his sen'ices as Class President. Ir. Humphrey thanked them most heartily for their prescnt, and spoke of the further need of the mem bel'S going in tor their annual examinations and becoming efficient ambu lance men.

One of the fincst concert parties of the north of England, entertained the largc audience with songs, monologups, duets, quartettes, etc., arranged hy Mr, Humphrey and his friends. :\lcssrs. Fiddian and Wilkinson \'oiced their thanks to the artiste for their excellent help and assistance.

Death has called away an old stalwart of the ambu lance work, in 1\11'. Harry Dy on of Cross Cales, who died in his cabin on October 23rd ; he was the Secretary of the Cross Gates class for a number of years, a Serving Brother of the Order of St. John and ne\ 'er weary in helping in every manner possible,

1'\n intel1si\'e campaign is being carried out in this area to lI1crease the number of ambulance members, with mosl result. On November 4th and 5th, 1\1r. J. A. and Mr. Geo. Jackson addressed six meetings of hIS staff on the Hull Dock Estate with the result that nearly

1929.

100 new membErs wcre obtained, A meeting was held at Tync Dock 011 OClober 31st, when 1\Jr. W. H. Dickin son, resident Engineer. l\ l r Ceo Jackson, and A. Wrigh t, addressed the starr and good results were ac hi eve d. Mr. G. Murray and fill'. \. vVrig ht ha\' e held m eet ing's at Durham, South Cossforth and other places and good c lasses haye been commenced. ]\[ r S. Hard wick and l\ 1I-. W. Park er have had I1lct'tings al Bowes and other places and in each case a large inJlux of members has re sulted.

At the time of going to press no less lhan 6 --1- clas ses hav e been formed in the area and over 900 book and bandages issued, and there are seve r a more c asses to be cOl11lllenced in the near future.

G.\TESlIEAD.-The Gatcshead \Nork s class held th eir CLnllual social and dance in the Gateshead Institute on October 11th, In the inten'a l, Police Supt. J. Rodger s presidcd, and Dr. E. II. Smallwood presented the certi ficates gained in the recent session. 1\1r. Geo. Jackso n proposed a \'ote of thanks to Dr. Smallwood and Supt. Rodgers. Among tho e present were 1\1r. G l\lurray, DIStrict Chairman, 1\ Ir, A, Wright, District Secretary, and 1\1r. E. J ObS011, Class Secretary.

TYNE DOGlc-The Tyne Dock clas held lheir annual social on October 12th, in their ambulance rOOl11 beginning with a tea: follo\\'ed by a concert, presentation oi ccrtificates and concluding \\ ith a dance. Mr R. Rodger s presided, and 1\Tr. Gen, Jackson pre en ted the 66 award s in the last ession. .i\Ir. G. 1\lurray moyecl a vote thanks to 1\1r. Jackson, which 1\Ir. A. Wrigllt seconded, while the President \\'as thanked by 1\1r. Scott Southern.

CHERTSEY , - There \\-a s an enthusiastic gathering at Chertsey recently to witness the activities of the secane! annual first-aid competition ancl demonstration which was stageel in the delightful grounds of Abbey House) throu gh the kindness of H.e\', and 1\1rs. R. T. Garcliner. The deand competition were preceded by a procession from the railway statioJl! those taking part hein g headed by the Chertscy Prize Bane!. The judging wa s undertaken by Dr. II. J. Nielson of vYoking, and resulte d as follows:-

1, Reading (Southern Railway), 127; 2, .weybridg c (Southern Railway), 126; 3, Camberley and Fnmley, 191 ; -J., Fcltham (Southern Railway), 82; 5, Chertsey Pollc e, ·+8 marks.

The annual cOlllpetition ancl presentation of award :; of the St. John Amhulance was held on October 23rd in the Yl\I.c.A. Hall, Alder hot.

The competition occupied the greater part of the enning and the struggle proved very close, A h Station were first with 2-J.-J. points, while Farnborough " B " team was second with 2-J.0 points, and Basingstoke third with 239 points,

The l\Iayor ancl l\fayoress (Councillor and Mrs. H. 1\1. Foster) were unable to be present and was made by Mr. W. II. Smerclon, the ra1lway statIOnmaster.

Dr. Paterson referred to the competitions he ha d juelg:eel and said thc test was carri e d out very well) and if (hc men did not do the hest they did the next best.

Dr. Lorel, of Camherley, also spoke.

The Di\'lsional Superintendent (Mr. C. H. Pearson ) tl1en announced the result and asked 1\Ir. Smerdon to prese nt the awards in the absence of the 1\ l ayor and Mayoress, 1\1r. Smerdol1 said he had been very interested in the work of the Brigade) and he felt sure that the Commercial

November, 1929. FIRST

Manager and Dlv1sional Superintendent of the railway would be plea cd to know that he was there to represent thcm. h l' I

Mr. Bond moved a vote of thanks to t e mee lea who had assisted, to Mr. Smerdon and Mr. Pearson, \\ hlch was heartily carried.

The awards were :-

Challenge Cup for Team.-1, .Ash Station, 2-J.-J. P01l1ts (Team: A O. Knott, Sergt. HeWItt, Sergi. Freakes, Dobson and Pte. Collins); 2, Farnborough " B," 240 P01l1ts (T ea m: CarpI. Clifford, Ptes. E. Thomas, Allen, Gains); 3, Basing-stoke:, P01l1ts; 4, Aldershot_ A,_ 1tS' 5 Aldershol B 202 pOllllS' 6) FaIllholough pOll , J A,P 170 points. ---. ,---

Yorkshire Collier ies Ambulance League.

"F IRST YEAH" (' LANE Fox" SHIELD) COMPETITIOI

TIlE annual area competItion of the above took place at the different centres an Saturday,. ber 2nd, 64 teams competing. The. wll:ners in each centre will meet in the final, which is to be held on Saturday, November 30th, at Wakefield. The following are the results :-

DARNSLEy.-:-Dr. BessIe, of Pontefract, Colliery first WIth 183; Woolley o. 1 2nd, 3rcl, 161; Woollcy o 2 156; Wharncl1ff Sllkstone, 139; and Smithy \ Nood) 131 7.

DONC.\STER -Denaby 1st) 14-::>; Fnckley 2nd, );ew l\lonkton 3rcl) 135; Ialtby l\.Ialll -J.th, 131 Gnt:l,ethorpe Colliery 5th, 125; and 6:h, 111 marks.

Dr. W F. Castle of Darton, the Judge, GR,\NGE MooR.-Park Htll 1st, 206, Denaby Grang'e 2nd, 203; Grange Ash 3rd, 111 ; _Sharlston '" t Itl 123' Emley 1\loor 5th, 118; ew Sharlston 6th, V\ lS -t 1, k . d Dr 110; and Park :Mill 7th, 91 mar -so le Jl1 ge was Capla nd of Huddersfield.

1 t, 184; Rothwell HaIgh Far;,l1): 21ld, 175; Primrose Bill 3rd, 168; Ledstone 4th, 1.)8, Shuwcross 5th, 137 marks; and Newmarket

Dr. H. K. Beverley, of vVorsborol1g-h Dale, bClllg Jud::,e., TINSLEy,-Silverwood N';?: 21st, 206; ew Stublln 2nd 188' Rounclwoocl 3rd, 115; Sdverwood, No. 14th, 162 '; Bir{ey 5th, 149; and Beig-l1ton 6th, 1-J.3 marks. The iudge being Dr. Jarcline, of Wombwel!.

. 1st: 205;. Baul1lbro 2nd, \I\'ath Main 3rd, 176; Mitchell s Ia!n 4tll, 163; Valley 5th, 147; and .l\Ta!n ?th, 143 111 a l1\.s.

Dr. McArt11ur, Denaby Ma111, bemg Judge.

MARKING SHEET TEAM TEST,

This collier whilst whitewashing- the outside. of_. hi.., housc falls from his on to groune!, Ie,), is doubled under hl111 there IS hlood lcg" he also compla111s a ( gr.eat pam 111 1.1S e, elbmv. Treat the case and then put hl111 to hed at blS 0\ 11 home. l' 1 t" t J

Examine leg and elbow without C I tur )l11g pa len 2 Provisiolla l tourniquet on femoral artery ,. PrOI)c rl y made and appliecl ... 1 I t to sec where hlooe Cttt up leg a r trouser am pan s 2 is com i tl f rOIll

A I D.

Tibia.

:teady and support the leg

Turn patient carefully on to his back

Cover him up warmly

o extension, but put leg straight with its fell?w

Tighten tourniquet suffiCIently to control bleed1l1g

Rcmove sock and boot i f ry

Attend to wound ...

Cleanse own hands (Tr. Iodine)

Remove any foreign bodies

o probing yvoune!

No interference with protruding bone

Apply Tr. Iodine around

Clean dry absorbenl dressll1g

Li g ht bandage to fix dressing

Two properly padded and applled splints (proper length) ... . ..

Fi\'e properly applied bandages

Feet properly tied tog-ether , Attention to bleeding and tournIquet

Elba'£.

Make angular splint

Proper length, etc.

Flex limb

Apply to sie!e least inju:ce!

Three bandages (arm, torean!1, hand)

Support limb by small arm Sllllg

Treat shock

Examine for further injuries

Send written message for Dr. Extras

S fHETCHER WORK

B ringing up and placing st retche r

Preparing stretcher

Testing stretcher and llllgs

Loacl stretcher

Lift Lower

Lift stretcher

Adjust slings

Examine patient

1\larch

lIalt

Lower stretcher

Preparing Ro oJll.

Downstairs front room

Bed properly prepared

Fracture boards

Bed cradle Hot bottles) etc.

Prepare for Doctor' yisit

U nload stretcher

Attend to patient

ReI1lQl'e ang'ular splint

Place limb 'on pillo\\'

Icc or cold \\'ate r c1re _Ill?,'

Tak e care of any clothing remo\ 'ed

Clo c stretcher

Treat for hock

J cation at elbow joint.

Nos, land TI ",ill attend to a C,01l1pound fl actl1l e ot tib ia with bone protruding- and b1ceclll1g. d l' 1 Nos. ITl and IV will attend to a fracture an (lS 0-

T he eyer-oTo\\,ino' popularity of the praclti'"',.., b I 011 - HarriS at 1e cal demonstrations gi\'en by A.m u ance d lcel O ber 26th I ,'d ed on atur ay co, Lonc.1on Hosplta w as C\ enc -, d t when a record audience of 250 l{een ambulance l tu li stened attentiv-ely for close on lwo. hours cas co d rised Brio'ac.1e men, Police, , Rad\\;1) men" an PI"" - - about to -it for their first exam ;\mbulclnce some \Y 10 \\ el e c. _ I (he knack of Officer Harris, who IS a born teachel, las . I , -' -d interc (ino', and of demonstrating t e helpfulto the student in tion room or those which are lik ely to be met \nt1 on II

Scalds and Burn s.

REPOl{T ON NEW TREATMENT.

l'S'E OF TANNIC ACID.

IN 1925 DI'. E. C. Da\'idson published from the Depmtment of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, a method ot tl'eating burns and scalds by tannic acid. The method it was relic\'cd pain and prevented the absorption' of t he pOisons produced hy the hurn. thus reducing "secondary "hock." -

These claim,; were soon substantiated. It \"as found t.hat the tannic acid combines with the injured products to form a scab which binds the toxic material and at the same time sen'es as a dressing for the raw surface. In consequence, the hurn or scald hecomes free of pain, is not disturhed by and does not result in the absorption of mat e rial Illto the real cnuse of the g-renter part l1f the de a th-rate follo\Ylng burns or scalds.

There is no\\' published by the l\[edicRI Research Counc il a n'I?Ort this method written by l\k YV. C. 'Vil son, \\'orklllg III the Department of Sur')' e ry in Edinburo'h C ni\'ersity under Professor D. P. D. !\Ir. has .found that. the acid method greatly reduces or abolIshes the pall1 of dreSSIngs. A consecuti\'e series of 117 treated ?y the method a death-rate of on ly 10 5 per cenL. lllstead of an earlter death-rate in cases not so treated of 38'7 p.er cent. « The conclusion," the !\Iedical Research Counct! states, "must be that the tannic ;olcid for thc treatment of burns is one of the moc:;t Important recent adnl.nces that haye been made in modern therapeutics. "

!he tannic acid is as follo\\"s :-

An aqul'ous solutIon of tannic acid is applied, and !reshly prepared for each case. Tannic acid in soluttol: I;; hnall)' changed to gallic acid, \vhich has no power to preCIpitate or coagulate protein. Th e change does not occur for some \\·eel<s. Therefore there is 110 necessit\' to prepare fresh solution for each application; 2'5 per cent.

watcr is the most convenient strength; :J pel c.ent. IS recommended by some authors, but has 1:0 o\'er the 'weaker solution. Very so.lutlOns ha\'e a corrosi\"e action. The warm IS sprayed on the affected areas from an ordinary nasal spray a tomizer, and the parts are then dried by of the electric lamp bulbs in the bed-cage or by a el:t of air from. an electric drier. Spraying and dryIng ale ca.rnecl at Intervals of one hour till the parts are covered wIth a brO\yn layer of coagulated tissue. This usually 111 burns of the second and third degrees after frol11 eight to tw.elve applications. J n deeper lesions and also when there IS much exudation of serum from raw further applications may be required to procure coagulum Thel-e is no danger of a too deep corrOSl\ e action when a weak solution is used"

A I D. November, 1929.

long; t,hi s pac l.{age is la?e lI ed (c) A face-mask 12 Ill. In the m ask a rectangu lar 0renII1.g 7 lll. by In. IS c ut to expose the eyes, and hori zonta l sItts are cut 3 In. 3b. in. ong, as openings for the nose a nd mouth respectively. The pack age is abe ll ed "F ace " The unit contains one dozen "Face" packao-es and dozen "Bandage" packages. (6) Twelve roll of white aborbent wool.. (7) Eigl:t dozen gauze (open wove) ban dages., (8) A Jar of vaseline and a flat stick for applying the Y<lseline

.:'lpphcahon q! Tannic ,· n·d. - (1) R emove a ll c othinofrom the burned area in ol'der 10 m a k e a rou g h est im ate cl the. surface exte nt of the burn. Tak e great care that the do cs not become chi led. (2) Do not attempt an y c lean s ll1g of the burned area. (3) 1\11 ake up h e tannic aci d so lutIOn. In two pints of water dissolve aile tablet of corro;i\ 'e sub lim ate and four packets of tannic acid powd er, WIth a g la ss rod tiIl all powder is dissolved. The olutIOn must be warm when a prli ed, otherwise the patient b,, _ comes chilled. This so lu t ion is antisept ic. There is no necessity to sterilise measures, glass rods, or powder. The following is a mugh guide to Lhe quantities of so luti on an d lint il: the case of a male adu lt of m'erage size:(a) The lint In a package labe ll ed "Trunk" will cO\er enti r fr.ont o r entire hack of the trunk, and requir es l1Ile l".nt of so lutIOn The lint in a package bbelled "Bandage" will coyer one <'lrl1l and requires half a pint of solution.

November , 19 29. FIRST

Pioneers of Medicine.

AMBROISE PARE-( 1509-1590).

A I D. 125

wounds As as had a moment to spare, howe ve r, he contll1uecl hiS reading of good works as Galen, Lanfranc, Vigo, etc Thanks to a feltcltous combi nation of ci rcumstances, he was finally able to abandon these thankless tasks on being appointed house - pupil at the Hotel Dieu Paris '

!\Ir. Wil so n, in an appendix, gives the matlol.l about the use of tannic acid in first aid in factones and workshops :-

"

..

T\Yo bandages cover one entire leg and require one pin t of so lutIOn. (c) The lint in a pach:age labe ll ed "Face" \\ ill cover the face: neck, and sides of head, and requires six oun.ces of ('-I-) According to the surface extent and regIOnal dlstnb:rtion ?f the select the number and t} pe of packages which wtll prOVide enough lint to cover over the hurned R emO\:e the lint from the package, soak it in the aCId solution, wring out genll)', and apply the smooth Sid e of the lint to the burned area, The s.hou. ld be wash d thoroughly with soap and water Iwfor e the lint IS touched COYCI- the lin t ,vith a layer of wool and lix with a g'auze (5) Burns of the l-<ace. Import ant. Take care no tannic ?-cid solution enters the eyes. Prothe eyes III the follOWing \-yay :- Tell the patient to clo,>e eyes and keep them closed, yVith the Ilat stick smear a thIck l,:yer of vaseline over the eyelids, eyebrows, and for some dl tance round the eyes Cover the vaselined area with wool. Soak the face-mask in the solution, wring out firml y, out a ll excess solution, and apply to the face, leavll1g the of the nostrils, and mouth through openlllg' cut 1n the mask for this purp ose. Secure With a gauze band<'lge round the head and n eck The openings in t!le ma k can be widened if necessary or a face-mask can be Impro\,lsed from a piece of lint in a "trunk" package m.<'lking the necess;lry openings. and Stol'age.-(1) Lint. The packages with a coyerIng of Kraft paper have previously been steri li sed hy steam at 15 lb. pressure for 20 minutes and dried. If the p<lckages are kept clean and dry the lint will remain sterile for lon g periods. (2) The whole uni t is co ntained in a \:'oo den box, which shou ld be stored in a dry place. The lint packages and packets of tannic acid powdel- mus t be kept dry a.nd clean, The packets of tannic acid powder are t kept 1n a separate tin box wit;l a tightly filling lid .The TUlles (London).

LET us picture for a moment a period in history when surgery was practised by barbers, when war was endem ic, and when the only known method of healing a wound was to cauterise it by pouring boiling oi l o n it. Compared with the sufferings the unfortu n ate persons so treated must have undergone, the l ot of the damned souls of Dante's Inferno would seem to be almost enviable If we add to this jJicture the incredible vanity displayed by the doctors, surgeons and barbers, who were far more occup ied in arousing each other's jealousy or in defending their rights than in making any individual attE'mpt to improve upon the primitive met hods then prevailing, we sha ll have a general id ea of what surgery was in France in the XVlth centu ry. It is true that the members of the faculty wrote in Latin, but it was a sort of dog Latin which bore very little resemblance to the Latin of CIce ro, and the favourite expression of these le a rned people was "1I1agz'ster dz'xz't." Let us close our eyes to the obvious and turn a deaf ear to the beating of the heart-the master has spoken.

Philosophy was destined to wait another century for the coming of Descartes, who was to re-open the discussion of practically all the ideas which had been idly cherished since the time of Ar istotle, but the science of medicine and surgery had the good fortune to meet a man who, instead of indulging in endless academic squabb les, was abl e to throw off the yoke which at that time hinde red ment·\l development, and to examine in the light of his own intelligence and common sense the methods hitherto employed.

remaining there for three years, during which time he had occasion to see and treat a O'reat n um be r of patien ts, he qual ified as master and su rgeon. Shortly afterwards and in accordance with the custom prevailing at a period when an a rm y medical corps was still unknown, he was attached to the person of a Marshal of France in of .part of the army despatched by FranCIS I agal nst Charles V. One of his biographers, Dr. l\Iaxence Broussais tells us that he wisely "made a point of watching and studying very carefully the methods adopted by other army surgeons." But he was unable passively to accept the famous boiling oil treatment-the only method then employed for heal ing wounds caused by fire arms. One day, \vhen the \vounded were being brought in in great numbers, he confined himself to washing their wounds and to dressing them with a preparation of his own, consisting of yolk of egg, attar of rose and turpentine. He awaited the result next morning with no little anxiety, but on unwrapping the wounds it was found that whereas the men who had been subjected to the boiling oil treatment were suffering untold agony and had developed fever, those whom Pare had attended to were quite calm and their wounds a very healthy aspect He had not, however, sufficient confidence in himself to advocate this new treatment. He therefore decided to travel; he visited Turin and and came into contact with a number of famous surgeons. He nursed the wounded on other battlefields, and the fame which he earned by his dexterity and kindness steadily increased.

In 545 he published a book in French (and not in Latin-a daring decision which earned him many enemies) under the following title :-" La methods de traicter les playes faites par hacquebuses et austres bastons a feu et de celles qui sont faites par fieches, dardz et semblables ; aussi des combustions specialement faites par la pouldre a canon composee par Ambroyse Pare, maistre barbier chirurgien a Paris."

,I

Fi7:st Aid ('m't consists of the following artic les : _ (1)] enamel graduated in ounces. (2) 0 glclss rods. (3) B lfty packets of tannic ac id powder; each pa.cket conUlIl1lng 110 grains of powder. (4) A bottle of corrosive sublimate. Each tab let con.8,7;) g:ralns. Such tablets are stocked by a ll chemists. (:J).tl\e of white surgeon's lint; eac of:l rnece of lint covered by a laY-Por of gauzt <lnd In paper. The lint is in thrf'e (a).\ piece measuring 20 in. by 20 in this IJ ackaoIS lahelled "Trul 1-" (I.) \ t.. d . ' < be 1 \.. ) [ I)an age 411n. broad hy 3 yards

CATALOGUE OF BOOKS 0 MEDIC,\L AND ALLlED SUBJECTs. - We h ave received from Messrs. W. & G. Foyle, Ltd" the well-known booksellers, of 119-125, Charing Cross-ro ad, London, W. C. 2, a copy of theil- latest cata loglle of medi ca l books, new and secondhand. Some of the subjccls included are surgery, nursing, hy giene, pharmacy, anatomy, and many ot h ers. Messrs. W. & G. Foyle, Ltd., \-"ill be plea se d to forward a copy to any reader on m e ntioning this Jour nnl.

Ambroise Pare, known to posterity as the " fathe r of French surgery," was probably born in 1509 (the date of his birth is uncertain) near Laval, in what is now the Department of lVIayenne. He was the youngest of a family of four, and his cho ice of profession was undoubtedly influenced by his oldest brother who was a barber and surgeon in Brittany. His father first placed him under the care of a chaplain whose duty it was to teach him Lat in but who, in reality, chiefly taught him to tend his mule. In 1523-when Ambroise was 14 years o ld-he took up the study of surgery, or in other words the science of bleeding and leechcraft. He pursued his studies at V itre, Laval and Angers , devoting his leisure moments to the reading of Ga l en Prompted by the desire to improve his somewhat elementary knowledge, he came to Par is where he was able to attend classes at the Unive rsity and serve his apprenticeship to a master ba rber. His principal duties in this trade consisted in shaving customers, comb in g wigs, making lan cets, and in helping his employer to dress

In this book he declared that wounds should not be cauterised but treated with ointment, the blood-vessels being bound to pre,rent hcemorrhage. The able manner in which he tended the wounded on the battlefield earned for him a great reputation among the soldiers. At the siege of Boulogne, the Duc de Guise, seriously wounded in the head, was saved from certain death by Pare. He also saved a soldier whose graye had already been dug. Instead of cauterising the wounds with a red-hot

iron or with boiling oil, he amputated the injured limbs with the minimum of pain and tied the b loodvessels and arteries. Taken prisoner by Charles V . , he astonished the sur.aeons of the enemy army by his work, and was released after having saved a man whom all the doctors had given up for lost.

Summoned to the camp at Rouen, where the very atmosphere was contam inaled by the septic wounds of the men, PanS - with a certain hesitation, it is true-realised that this infection was caused by the germs in the air around them, a "malignant and corrupt" atmosphere as he called it. The studies which he undertook after the experience he had acquired at Rouen led him, in 1575, to make the first wet antiseptic dressing-an ointment containing turpentine and brandy.

Appointed chief surgeon to the King of France, he travelled with his sovereign throughou t the country and thus had an opporlunity of meeting masters teaching in the various medical colleges in the kingdom. His experience was thereby considerably increased, and he later had occasion to apply it during the epidemics of plague, measles and small-pox which devastated the land after the numerous wars.

In his old age, however, he experienced the ingratitude of his fellow men. Attacked by the Faculty of Medicine and by the surgeons vvho resented his revelation of surgical science to the public (and the revelation of their ignorance too, perhaps), he replied to this criticism in energetic terms. Dr. Broussais tells us that (' his most striking letter was that in which he referred to the selfishness and narrow-mindedness of hiscolleagues who never hesitated to lay all kinds of snares in his path." Ref erring to the part he had played as a vulgarizer of surgery, Pare added: "If there is any truth in their allegations, they are thereby aeknow ledging the honour that is due to me."

Ambroise Pare died on December 25th, 1590, at the age of 81. He had dragged the science of medicine and surgery out of a rut by throwing over all tradition in favour of critical observation by initiating the study of anatomy, and by ing new and more humane methods for the treatment of the sick, some of which methods are still Clccepte I in modern times. But it was chiefly his kindness, his charitable disposition and, in a word, his which won the heart of the people w hose sufferIngs he had endeavoured to alleviate.

- L eague of Red Cross Socz'etzes.

A co nc ert, the proceeds of which were in aid of th e South Benl1eet St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade, was held at the Old Schools, Hadleigh, on Wednesday, O ctob e r 30th.

Fou 'o.-A Sih'er Medallion of the S.l.A.A , No. 12+808, in a motor coac h at T odmo rd en Same can be had on app li cat ion to Mr. Alan R edm an, 103, Knowlwood-road Todmorden.

A I D . November, 1929.

First Aid Posts on Italian Road s.

A TYPE of emergency first aid box has been designed by the I talian authorities, and 200 such boxes have been placed along the roads in the upper Adige region. On the other hand, the Italian Red Cross has made a careful study of a type of first aid shelter which it is propose d to bring into use. This she l ter is entirely mad e of metal and glass Its contents comprise a stretcher and a cuphoard containing medical stores, bandages and stimulants of various kinds . The shelt e r also contains a telephone enabling a doctor or ambulance post to be called up if necessary. The stretcher is so arranged as to make it possible to attach it either to a motor cycle or to a motor car so that it can be brought q uickl y to the scene of the accident.

On the roof of the shelter is a small bell and a rectangular space containing a series of figure s. This will allow of accidents being reporLed by b el l or light signals. For example, assuming th at there are ten of these first aid shelters along a gi ven road, and an acciden t happens near TO. ishel ter, an eye-witness of the acciden t goes to l\' o 4 shelter, presses ac. alarm button, and there by sets the bell ringing in the nine other shelters along the same road. The road is constan tly patrolled by small detach men ts of Red Cross first aid men on motor cycles The paLroI hears the bell ringing in one of the nine cabins it pass es, sees that the alarm comes from No.4 shelter and at once makes for the scene of the accident. Attached to the shelters are movable awnin gs which can be used, if necessary, to shelter the victims of accidents from the sun or the rain.

A shelter of this character will need to be constantly visited and kept in order, but t he expense will not be very great because the outside of each shelter will be used for advertisemen ts, and advertisement space of this kind is read ily sold, particularly to motor manufacturers, petro l and oil companies, tyre manufacturers, etc.-Tile W01"'ld's Health.

The following, iSSUE'd by the Roy a l In s ur ance Co., Lt d., Liverpool, s hould be of inter est to first aiders who are in c1l<l.rg-c of m otor ambulances and also those who own motor s :- " Practically every wint e r a numb er of mol or vehicles suffer d amage by the action of frost, and as a resul t of the exce ptionally severe weather last wint er the inconvenience caused to 1110Loris ts owing to their vehicles being out of co mmi ss ion through frost was very considerable. In order to assist nlOtor owners w e hav e pre pared a card s hO'v\'i ng some simple pre ca ution s for avoiding damag e to vehicles by frost, and take pl eas ure in enclosing a copy of the card h erew ith. W e s h a ll be happy to forward a copy of this card t o any of your readers who care to apply to the Company' s Head Offic es at 1, North John- s tr ee t, Li"crpool, or 2+/28, Lombard- st reet, London, or to any of our Bran che s ."

O ur N u rs es' P ag es.

COMP I LE D BY A MB ULANCE S IS TER.

BLACKllEr\TlI TURSING DIVISION.-A fine display of First Aid was given by members of this Division at a social held at the Morden-Terrace Ins t itute, Lewisham Roa d, on October 26th. At the conclusion of the dem'onstration, the Divisional Secretary gave a short acco unt of the activities of the Division. Since its formation in 1921, 612 hospital duties had been performed, 2,201 attendances had been made at infant welfare centres, and 1, 7-+9 public duties carried out. At present their numbers were 39, which included three fully trained nurses and t hree others in course of training. The Division had been greatly helped in its efforts by the late Dr. D. Lcatherstone Hellitt, and the present surgeon, Dr. R. E. Sehol field.

A musical programme was provided and ''''as greatly apprec iated.

39 (TEMPLE) i\i\"D 66 HALL) TURS Il\'C DI\'lSIONS.-A dance) in aid of Divisional Funds was gi\'l:11 by these two Divisions on Noyember 2nd, at the Queen's vVestminster and Civil Sen'ice Rifles' Drill Hall, Buck ingham Gale. Among those who honoured members with their presence were the Asst. CommISSIOner 111 charge of Central Area, Dr. Corbet Fletcher, Dist. Officer T. McBride, Lady Dist. Officer Miss \ iValker, and others.

The hall was resplendent with bunting and a very happy evening was spent by those present. being a socia l success, the dance proyed to be a finanClal one also, thanks to the many f ri ends of both Divisions.

ClIE,\DLE NURSIl\'G Dn'IsION'S NEW HE/,OQUARTERS.-

Afte r working hard for a long period, Cheadle and Chead le Heath ursing Divi ion has at last secured a suita ble large r00111 to act as its headquarters.

To defray part of the expenses im'oh'ed, a Sale of \Vork \vas held in the new hall on Friday and Saturday, Octobe r 25th and 26th, the Countess of Stamford very kind ly perform ing the opening ceremon!' Among t!10Se present ,,"'e re Col. C. l Trimble, CommISSIoner of 0.-1Dist rict, Col. 1\Iagnus, V .D. T.D., and )\Irs. lagnus, -:\lrs. Tweedale, lP., Lady Di 1. Supt., 1\1ISS 1\Iagnus, Lady SLlPt. Cheadle Nursing· Division.

Col. Trimble, who took the ehau, saId how necessary i( was for Diyisiolls to have a place of their OWll, where, by constant practice and study they could maintain thei r efficie ncy. A First Aider \\'ho was not efficlcnt ,,,'as a ciano·er.

"'The Countess of Stamford expressed her satisfaction that the S.lA.B. was flourishing; in Cheadle. She ah·:ays asse rted that a woman was not fit for life until she had learned a o'ood deal about First Aid. She had great pleasure :in1:> declaring the Sale open and wished the Diyisio n every success.

The Ambulance Ro01l1 was beauti fully decorated for the occasion and the various stalls were in charge of the office rs and 'members of the Nursing Division and theIr frie nds.

On the second day , lVIrs ightingale kindly opened the proceedings.

DEVON COUNTY teams fro111 Nursino- Divisions in the County entered for the Gale Shield Competition which took. place on November 6t_l:, at Shelly IIall, Plymouth. The Judges were Col. R. StOll,

R.A.M.C. (Team Test); Mrs. Willey, -:\Iatron of the Central Hospital (Home Nmsing); and Dr. Lorna Stauffer (Viva Voce).

Each team was called upon to render First Aid to a man who was found lying on the side of the road in a pool of blood, and was unable to move his left leg. The ome ursing test was in bed-making.

Plymouth Central \von first place, with Sherwell second, Paignton third, and T ewton Abbot fourth. ?\Irs. l Phillip Rogers kindly presented the Gale Shield to the winners, congratulating all the competitors on their splendid work.

LADY PERROTT AT EXETER.-Lady Perrott, Lady Supt.in-Chief, inspected Exeter Nursing Division on the eyening of October 30th. There were 23 officers and members and 40 cadets present, as \Yell as 1\1rs. A. C. Thomas, Lady President, Mrs. Balsdon, Lady County Officer, and :'Ill'S. l S. Steele-Perkins, the Mayoress.

Addressing the parade after the lnSpectlOn, Lady Perrott suggested that permission be obtained from the local hospital for members to attend there for instruction. 1\Iembers were no'Y receiYing such training in many of the large towns in the country, besides London, and 111 this ,,{ay gained valuable experience.

BL'CKs V.A.D. inspection of V.A.D.'s in the county ,,-as carried out by Col. l l Prescott, D.S.O., O.B.E , on Saturday, October 26th, at the Territorial Drill Hall, Aylesbury There were 73 members on parade, repr esentat iYe of V.A.D. 6 (Aylesbury), No.8 (Buckingham), o -1-6 (Chesham), and TO 58 (Slough)-all attached to t he,.. S.lAB.: also TO. 1-+ ( lough), )Io. 3-+ (Eton), and Io. )-1- (HIgh vVycombe), of the B.R.C.S. Th e former detflchmenls were under the command of Assl. County Controller, 1\Iajor S. J. C. IIolden, l\I.B., Ch.B., R.A.:\I.C. (T.), and the latter under th a t of Asst. County Controller, Mrs. l c. May, O.B.E. At the conclusion of the inspection, an interesting demonstration in the use of a gas mask \\'a giYell by Regt. Sergt.-1\Iajor Rinrs.

Col. Prescott expressed his satisfaction at the knowledge and efficiency sho\\'n by the members.

OXFORD V.A.D. I",SPECTION.-Col. PO"'ell, R.AM.C. (Cmvley Barracks) carried out an inspection of V.AD.'s at the Town II all, Oxford, on October 19th. Three detachments were present-Oxford No. 8 1\1rs. A. Richardson).. \V itney 22 (C0l1ll11a.ndant MISS Bliss), and Bicester TO. 28 (Commandant -:\llss Tubb).

The Oxford Detachment demonstrated the tlS e of a gas mask, and Bice ter the application of the Splint , while \Yitney had all sorts of to tempt the appetite of an llwahd. .Tn adclItlOl1 to thIS. the members were questioned by tIle 111 pect1l1 0 officer on the yarious aspects of their \vork.

Co l. Powell congratulated the member on their smart appearance and on the kno\Yledge they had displayed..

_-

The County Duector, Dr. F .. G. Gardner. thanked Col. Powell for carrying out the 1l1SpcctlOn. and referred with regret to the coming re ignation of the County Secretary 1\li Burchardt. He then \\-elcomed Dame Beryl Oliver who had come down from Headquarters to address them.

FIRST

Dame Oliver said how pleased she was to see them looking so smart. Her only wish was that their numbers were doubled. The Order of St. John and the British Red Cross Society had gi ven all undertaking 1.0 supply 15,000 mobile women in a case of national emergency. members did not take an oath to serve, they merely promIsed 1.0 do their best. So far, only four counties had completed their quota. Oxfordshire had done a quarter of theirs: she hoped that their numbers would be doubled by next y ea r.

In conclusion, Dame Oliver tuged them to continue with the good work they were doing at the Radcliffe Infirmary, child welfare centres and other places, and hoped that she would see them among the finalists for the Stanley Shield next May.

WILTS. \ .A.D. CmlPETITIOx.-At Trowbridge Town IIall, seven teams from \ T. A.D.'s (B.R.CS ) in the county competed for the Lansdowne and CaIne Cups The eompetlt?rs :,'ere divided into two (last year s W1l1ner of the CaIne Cup) and Sallsbury in one, and Pe,\"sey, l\lalmesbury, Trowbridg e, Ti bury, Bradford-onA Y011, and Westbury in the other. Chi ppenham, who sec ured the Lansdovmc trophy last year, did not enter thIs tl1nc.

Each entrant had to submit to an oral te s thc team a flerwarcls rendering First Aid to people inj ured by the !:iupposed collapse of a grand-stand. The patients had to bc c01weycd to a neighbouring cottage after they had been treated.

The Lansclo\\"lle Cup was \\'on by Marlborough with 8-1-3 marks, and the CaIne cup by Trowbridge with 80-1The PreSIdent, the Dowager Lady Lansdownc gTaclously prcsented the trophies.

ISLE OF \ \lIGHT V.A.D. CtMP, 1930.-The dates pro<'ls!O l/ully fix ed for this camp, Ivhich is held annually at Oshorne. are ;'Iay 26th to June 12th, 1930. These arc '>1.1hjcct to alteration

CITY OF LO.\'DON BRANCH, B.R.CS.-The Lord l\Iayor a nd Lady l\Iayoress gan an At Home on November 4th to me111bers of this branch of the B.R.CS., when and certIficates were presented to those members who had qualified for t h 111.

The Lord J\Iayor, who presided, said that memories of the \\"ork per.formed during the war by the City members of the SOClety w e re apt to grow di111. It was, howeYer, for deta.chments to keep up their strength effiClency. !he tral11l11g was not only useful in time ot war, but also 111 the home In wishing the branch every success, hiS Lordship expressed his pleasure in being able to announce that qUIte recently -1-00 ladies of the Bank of England had joined their ranks. and that the Governors of this greatest institution in tl-ie City had given them a hall for lectures.

The Lady l\Iayoress graciol.l!:>ly presented the awards.

BURSLE!lI BRANCH, B.R.CS.-Being in need of funds, the two Burslem V.A,D.'s, os. 86 and 104 combined to hold an American Fair on Monday evening, 'Octobe r 28th Lady Dorothy Meynell, President of the Staffordshire paid.a speci.al visit the purpose of opening It, and a lso d1stnbu.tll1g. profiCIency and long service

Dr. A. GIlchrIst, Asst. County Director and Controller for Staffordshire, presided.

In de.claring the Fair open, Lady Dorothy Meynell saId that It was generally supposed that the B.R.CS. was very wealthy. This was not the case and much money was

If It.was to out its work of alleviating sufferof helpll1g the dIsabled ex-Service mcn and in rend erlllg valuablc services at clinics, hospitals, infant wc1-

A I D. November, 1929.

.fare centres. She hoped that the Fair would prove a finanCial success so that the Burs l em members could carry on They had already contributed h andsome ly to the Society's work. Awards were then handed to the members who hac! gai ned them.

ARMISTICE DAY SERVICE AT TIlE ROYAL EXCHANG E.-

A First Aider writes: ( Last year you recorded the impressions of a member of the Brigade who was on duty in Whitehall on November 11 tho I, too, was on duty there, and so f ully appreClated h er remarks. This year 1 was not fortunate eno ugh to be on duty on the Gr eat Day, but was a spectator on the edge of the crowd in front of the Ro ya l Exchange. I could not tell you h ow many composed that large throng- it was too vast. A wonderful sight, in many ways so diffcrent to that at the Ccnotaph It seemed mostly composed of City men and women who had left their work to pay a tribute to the fallen. I could just see the band of S.J.A.B. men and 'yomen \\Taiting to do their' bit' if necessary Fortunat ely tor them, they \vere not busy, for the crowd was ve ry badly encroaching on their Station

" By 10.45 detachments of the London Divisions, the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve the 56th (1st London) and the -1-7th (2nd London) Divisions of the Territorial Arm y had marched up with their colours to take their allotted positions. Next, from the Mansion House, came the Lo rd l\Iayor and Sheriffs, preceded by the City Fathers. H ow g-raye and dignified they looked! With what pride the Sword and Mace were horne in front of the Lord May !)r and Lady Mayoress! Behind. followed members o.f the Lieutenancy and the City and County Territorial Assoc iat ion , and the choirs of St. James' Garlickhithe and St. :.'IIary Aldermary with the clergy.

It was now one minute to the hour. The Last Post was solemnly sounded. Co lours were dipped, flags on the Bank of England and neighbouring buildings werc ru ngdo\\ n. and eyery heac! was hared Hardly had thc last 110tc been reached when the firsL maroon was fired and the Great Silence commenced. Despite the warning drops whIch spoke of the hea"y showers which were to foll o\\.

e\'Cry man removed his hat and all in that wonderf1.11 crowd cast in marble, so still were they. Lookin gl1p. Justice caught my eye. She seemed to be pleading for those who were still suffering from the effccts of the w ar. Underneath her the words stood out-' The Earth is the Lord's and the Fulness Thereof.' Did they warn liS against pride and arrogance, and remind us of our ab solute dependence?

"As these thoughts crossed by mind, the second maroon boomed forth, and the buglers sounded the Reveille. Colours were r aised. and a short se rvice f ollowed, consisting of that ,,, onderful hY111ll, (0 God our help in ages past,' tl<vo prayers, and the Bcnediction pr onounced by the \T en crable Archdeacon 0 [London, On e ".erse of the ationa l Anthem was SLlllg hy all in concltlSI011, and after wreaths had been laid on the London Troops' Memorial, the Lord Mayor and his party return ed to the Mansion House, and the troops marched off "It was gooel to have been there at London's own Commemoration Service."

NEW DRESS REGULATIONS FOR OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF S.J,A.B. NURSING DrVISIONS.-Since our last issu e llCW dress regulations have come into force. Drcss.-The dre s has been altered slightly. It is still to be 12 inches from the g·round. Thcre are to he no tucks, hut a 5 inch hem at the bottom.

In summer, for off duty only, Ambulance Sisters ma y wear the dress without the apron, but with a grey petersham waistband, the same shade as the dress and 21

Nove mber, 19 29. FIRST inches wide, and a soft lay down collar with black tie fastened with Reg. No. 19 Brigade brooch.

Apro11.-A plain white lincn apron must be worn 011 duLy. It should have Lwo pockets, and the skirt should be ,rathered into a waistl)Clnd and meet at the back. The bib should COIllC up uncler the collar, straps crossing at the back rig-hL O\'e r l eft, and the apron be 1 inch shorter th a n the dress.

Collars and Cnffs -A plain wbiLe starched collar (linen) with rounded nds is to he worn by members and Divisiona l Officers. The approximate deptlls are 2:3; mches in front and 21 inches at the back. Cuffs, inches deep J11ust be worn Jasten ed in a lin e with the dress sleeve opening White studs are to be used for fastening.

Belts.-The stiff white belt, 2t inches deep and secured with two white studs, is now to be fastened on the left side in a line with the edge of the apron bib.

Caps.-Ambulance Sisters must wear caps of white cambric or linen \\ ith Brigade Badge No. 110 in the centrc front. They can bc 27 x 18 inches or 28 x 19 inches, and should be fastened at the back with one safety pin, or two plain whitc headed pins.

Officers wear the white la wn Sister Dora Cap with o'offe red fri 11 s and strings. The strings arc to be 4i inches and are not to measure more than 8£ inches across when tied. The fold of the cap when turned up in front sho1.lld be about 3 inches wide to the top of the frill. For Civil Ho pital work strings may be discarded. In l\.Iilitary IIospitals caps similar to those of the Ambulance Sist e rs are to be worn.

Coat.- The only difference in the new regulations is that of the position of the badge. This should be placed so that the top eclgc is in line with the top of the second button on thc coat (on the right side) with the District number immediatelv above.

H at.-N 0 bas been made with regard to this. duty at Girl Guidc Camps, overalls may be worn with regulation soft collar and black tic, pate nt hlack leather belt, and brassard. The tie is to 11e faste ned with Brigade Brooch. (Paper of m'crall can be obtained from the Lady Supt.-1l1-Chu.: f. price 6d.)

A reader from near Wigan asks how it is possible to get people interested enough in First Aid to beco.mc mem hers of the Brigade. Also. what is the Home TurSl11g Penda nt, and l10\\' can it be obtained?

The question of recruiting is a difficult one, even \\he n there is a Nursing Division near at hand. Many mea ns have been tried, but the most successful results appea r to be obtained when present members appr?ach those of their friends and acquamtances \;\,ho are lIkely to take an interest in the work and. by talking to them. gai n their interest. A littl e play, dealing with .the subi ect cou ld he performed at socials and and. so the public could he shown the necessity of havl11g Ai d knowledge. Or instead of a set play. a supposed aCCIdent could staged and the « injured" treated by qualified First Aiders. c (Some of the little plays published by the Health and Cleanliness Council, S, Tavistock Square, London, W.Cl. could be adapted for this purpose.)

If a Men's Division is in existence. it is quite possible tha t their women-lolk would take enotl gh interest in the \\ork to join the Brigade themselves. Tn a scattered area, I do not think you could do mLich more than what I have suggested. But, perhaps. otller readers may be able to help with ideas.

The Home N ursino' Pendant is a small award gTanted to those who elect to l)e fe-examined in Home Nursingan d pass the test, and who already possess the Home NU.rsino' Certificate and the Medallion. Any person hold1l1g' is entitled to be re-examined each year in Home

ursing, and if successful, gains the pendant. It must not be worn with uniform.

I tems (Di\ isional news and social, interesting duties, lectmes, etc ), for this page should be sent to Ambulance siSler, c/o The Ecitor, FIR"T AID, 46, Cannon

on ,

Miner's Ambulance League.

ARRANGE:\1ENTS FOR ANNUAL CO;\IPETlTIO T

ARRA;\'GEMENTS are now being made for the Annual Competitions under the auspices of the Durham, Cleveland and \Vestmorland District Ambulance League, of which T. Greenland Davies, Esq., H.M. Inspector of is Chairman, and Mr. George Watkin, of is Secretary.

Sixtyteams entered last year, and the examiners expressed appreciation of the excellent work done, and the Committee is anxious that general interest should be aroused in the \\'ork of First Aid, and that the large number of men who, from year to year compete, should be further increased.

The Committee appeal for the co-operation of all workmen and officials to use their influence in assisting the organisation of classes, and to get teams to enter.

The following dates have been fixed for Com petitions :-

" Donald Bain " DiviSlOnal Competition, February 1st, 1930.

"Elizabeth Bain" Divisional Competition, February 15th, 1930. Finah at Durham on Saturday, 1st, 1930.

It is definitely decided that the examiners will judge on the 1928 edition of the' :First Aid The Committee have deCIded to proVIde stretchers and rugs, but teams may provide their O\\"n if they wish to do so.

All entries are to be sent in to the Secretary not later than January 18th, 1930.

All men engaged in mines or quarries in Durham, Cle, elancl, or \Vestmorl and are eligible to com pete. . _ . .

The "Elizabeth Bain" Shield IS for JU11lOr teams, composed of persons employe? in the mine who have not previously competed 111 any of the senior competitions, but may compete for three years in any of the junior sections, and are allowe? one person who has been a of a tive team which has not won the Donald Bam Shield.

The Secretary, :;\1r. George \Vatki n, Park View, 1\lurton, Co. Durham, will be pleased. to o' ive aOlT information and to haye the co-operatlOn Ambulance men to make the Competition a further success.

Red Cross Bra n ch News.

C.DIBRIDGE.-The Camhric1g e borough detachments of the British Red Cross Y.A.D. 's had thcir annual ,Yar Office insp e ction on October 2-+th, :'Iajor te\ enson being s ent oYer from Colche ter to carry it through.

The inspection took place at the Territorial Drill Hall, Camb 2 parading -t-+ members under Commandant Miss Johnson and Sister Lincoln, and Cambs. 13 16 members under Command a nt L. Jarman for the test. Half the hall had been cOl1\'erted into a temporary hospital, consisting' of general \\'ard with six beds) rna saO'e department, casualty ward, kitchen, quarter-master's stores, patients' kit stores and officc, all fully equipped with material and appliances. The oth e r half of the hall was used for the general inspection, and attending to casualties) haying a fully equipped first-aid post.

Addressing the parade at the conclusion, Major Stevenson expressed his complete satisfaction with the inspection, and apologised for ha\ ing made such a lengthy one, ,,"hich \\ as due to the interest all he saw had aroused, and so led him on to further questioning.

General Hendley thanked the insp e ctor and as responsibl e officer expressed his o\\"n satisfaction at the \york done.

CHESIIIRE.-The report of the Ch e shire branch of the British Red Cross Society for the year 1928 is to hand. Refer e nce is made to the inspection of detachments at Chester by H.R.H. Princess :\lary. The total streng th of the detachments at the end of the year was 533. :\Iuch useful work has been done in yarious directions, in taking duty at local hospitals, assisting district nurses, in drivin g motor ambulances) in equipping and maintaining a firstaid station at the Scout "Vorld Jamboree) at which 800 cas e s w e re treated, and in assisting in the appeal for the Miners Relief Fund. The Manor House Hospital., Birkenhead, has been extended, a new ward being presented by the Barnes trustees. Much good work is being done by gi\ ing temporary help to ex-Servicemen and their dependants from the Red Cross Special Case Fund and Joint Council Emergency Help Fund. Reference is made to the great loss sustained by the death of Lady Sheffield, who had been Deputy-Pres ident since 1925. and to the retirement of Mr. G. P. vVatts) J.P., the County Director.

AXDo\TER.-The g-eneral annual meeting of the Ando"er Division of the British Red Cross Society was held in the COllncil Chamber of the Guildhall 011 Monday afternoon, Oc t ober 21st, 1\1rs. Rickards (Vice-President) presided, and was supported by l\Iiss V. 1\1. Poore (Hon. Sec.), l\Ir. E. Parsons) J. T. Pankhur s t, :'11'. B. ,V, S: \\Tilson:. Miss J oice y-Cecil (Commandant), r. :'1. v'll1!ams (Wmchester) and the J\Iayor ( :\1r. H. ]. Humber).

Presenting- her annual report) the Chairman said they had had a good many changes during the year. They had lost Miss Kemhle, l\Irs. Mawson, Miss Sherwood, and one or two others, Miss J oicey-C e cil had very kindly taken on as Commandant, and she was "ery pleased indeed to welcome her. Tidworth was very keen about having more classes) and they hoped before the end of next year to have a detachment there. They had had two first-aid classes in the last year) one for men and one for women.

In the home nursing class all had passed "cry well, t,,\'o proficiency badges were gained and six first - aid certificates. During past year they had had working parties for the prOVlSIon of garments for the eli tre sed areas, and

151 garmen t \\"ere made and sent by members o f t he Branch.

In her report, the Commandant said it was r ather ciifficult for her to report on 1928, as she did not take on until 1929, but she " ' ould do her best. At the begin ning of the year the trength of the detachment \"as four offi ce rs and 29 other ranks. ow they had gone down to two offi ce rs and 17 other ranks) which ,, as a drop. They held 16 pa rade s last year, and the attendances \"ere good, very much b ette r than this year. The " ar Office in pection report \\'as quite satisfactory. T\\' o member. of the detachment had been to the Hampshire Home of Reco\"ery, l\\ 0 had b ee n working at Andover \"ar l.Iemorial Hospital, and t\\·o more had worked sin g le days " hen nur es were off d uty , so th e y were doing work and gettino' practical experie nce Three members \\"ent to the Isle of vVight camp. I n conclusion, she said they had finished up the year wi t h o ut a Lady uperintendent.

:'1r. Parsons presented the balance sheet.

The Chairman appealed for support during the c o m im:; s e ason. :\Iore memher- were required and only hard ,," or k by the present members would meet the case.

According- to the Ambulance Committee 166 \\"ere ca rried, coyering 2 ,205 miles. The ambulance was rep o r te d to be in good condition) repair and running order. The balance sheet had a credit balance of £3-1- 13s. 11d.

Various other ma t ters were discussed and a yot e of thanks was accorded the Chairman for her good offi ces. ----. _. Reviews.

FIRST AID IN FKW \VORDS.

]. I\I. Carvell, M.R.C.S., L.S.A.(Lond).

] ohn Bale, Sons and D.8 nielsson, Ltd. Pr/ce 6d. cloth, 2d. paper.

We ha\"e recei\'eel from the publishers a revised edi t io n of this 'work, which has been amendeu. and now confor m s with the revised edition of the Text Book. This book le t should be of great help and interest to al l those in ambulance ,, ork, and the cost is \ ery reasonable. Three anatomica diagrams are shown and many subjects a rc dealt ",ith.

FIRST AID TO THE INJURED.

It is notified for the information of all concerned th a t the second issue of the 38th edition of t h e Text Book, pu bli shed in March, 1929, differs from the flrst issue of the al1l c eeli tion pu blished inN ovem bel', 1 928, as fo ll ows :-

After the words" srnellin g salts" in lin e 20, o n page 20 of the first issue, h e words "the strength of which should first be tested" have been inserted in the second issue.

The word "anima ls" in the at lin e 6 on page 131 of the first issue, has been changed to "insects" in th e second issue.

After the word "soap" in lin e 9, on page 213 of the first issue, the words "na il bnlsh" have been in serted in the second issue,

. t ovember, 1929. FIRST

Detailed Marking Sheet, No. 18.

QCESTIO:\ TESTS.

B E. \RER :\ o. 1.

This boy is a Haulage Hand who, \\ hi1e detaching a cl a m chain, got hi right hand fast bet\H!en pully and Th ough he pulled \ iolently, he was not released until hi for earm passed through the \\'heel and was sC\'erely la ce rated. '\'hat injurie may be ha\"e sustained?

Simple or Compound fracture of Fing ers, Radius, Clna La ce rated wounds with Shock Sp ra in or Dislocation of Shoulder

B E.\R ER K o. 2.

Queries and J\nswers eort'espondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules:-

1. -Letters containing Queries mus t be rr.arked on the lo p left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIR sT AID, 46, Cannon,street, London, E. C. 4.

-t 6 2 -t 16

(1) For \\'hich fractures does the Textbook ach ise you to ap ply figure - of-eig1:t ?

(2) Name the Jowts which arc formed by three bones.

(1) Fracture of Patella and Scapula

Crushed Hand ,lnd Foot

Tying feet " ith fractured leg and thigh

(2) "'rist) elbow, knee, ankle

B I'.\.R ER 1\0. 3. 16

(1) \Vhat is the u"e of the llr"t rib ";

(2) Name the ribs which are commonl} the causes and effects. fractured, and

(1 ) Gi\ cs shape and firmness to che t Pro\'ides attachment for muscles

Prolects lung lying beneath Pressul"e point for Subclavian Arlery

(2) 6 th 7th 8th and 9th ribs

:'Ilict\\"ay' between sternum and spine

Indirec't \' io1ence drives ends out Direct \ iolence dri\'es ends in \nd may injure internal organs

B U RER 1\0. -t o 16

1\ame the important poins ",hich you musl n mcmber

\\" he n applying digital pressure.

D o not wasle time rCl110\ ing clolhes direct pressure if wound large ...

If fL)rcign body present, or fracture belo\\ '

D o not crook fingers or thumb

1) 0 not touch with dirty hands

BuL slerilise with or Spirit

Ch oose lhe nearest pressure point

W i th Cut-Throat a\ oi<.1 windpipe

B E.\RER No.5.

2.-All Queries must te accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the J(lurnal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The T extbook, to 'A-hich refe.ence may lJ e made in these columns is the 38lh tI928) Edition of S J. A. A. Manual of First Aid.

OF fRYLlI:-';I:-';E.

L. D. (Can' tldish). - I shall be much ohliged if )"L)U \\ill tell me if the placing of Strychnine among th e ;\arc l)ti cs ill the Textbook i s an L)\ ers ight a s it u sed he named \\'ith the Conndsanh. It " ' as taught that the unhappy \ ictim of tr\"chnine \\ as con,-;cioLls till the end. One be glad to a :,ur-:d that he (or "he) ",a" not.

The inelu -ion Llf Strychnine under ";\arcotics \\ itll Convul s ions" is not due tl)' an on., r ight but to th e <t<.1option of a different method of c1as -ification of poi 011". Lo'>::. ot consciousness is certainh a late feature \\ ith thi po i::.on \\'hich affects chicH\" the cell s of spinal cord; but, when YOll recall that death takes place from asphyx.ia during fit or frol11 collapse bet\\ een fits, you may console your elf t1Mt he (or he) is not consciou to the encl. - ;\. CORBET FL ETC H E R.

HOWLE R.

:'II. .-\. (Clerkel1\\"ell). - I n a recent a candict.:te \\-a asked to define the pul s e. EnclenUyh e 1111understood the question becaus e to our C'olLternation "he replied: - " Tll e pillsI.' t's all external apphw:t'o/l lIIade 7.(1/111 hI/seed or bread " :\fLenntrds we g,t\'c It her hot for defining a poulticc in mistake for the pulse. Good! Nex.t please! !- N. C. F.

SCFFOl',\T10:\ DCRI:-';G LEEl

\. (Rushden). - I read the other day c.ll1 account the inquest on a young \\'oman "'.ho \\ as found dead III bed with her face buried in SL1ft ptllo\\ s. Th e doctor stated that the \\ oman's nose \\'as Ibttened by pre sure the pillO\\'s and that she had c\ identl)" turned o\,er In her sleep. He added that dcath had been b> fall y degeneration of heart. I am \\"ondenng 110\\ If this' is a common accident.

'Vh at are the <.1ife rences bet \\"een artery and .-IdeIJ/.

To heart

1ret"ll

Ca rries blood from he<'lrt

S t rong thick wall

Ca rries pure blood

Except pulmony

Possesses no

Pulse felt

Blood spurts, if cul

From heart sidl of wound

Bright red in colo u r

Do not become ancose

Infants are ' omdimes asphyxiated in thi::, "'.<1)" during sleep; but it i - an extremely rare cause of \nth adults. The lesson apparently is that persons \\ lth hearts should not select oft pillo\\"s for support of thcll' heads during sleep.-N.C.F.

S,\L YOL\TILE BEER.

N. C. (Clcrkell\\·clI) - I note that recently a magistrate stalL'll thal a dosc of Sal Volatile gi\'cn by <1 member of .the Brin'ade had caused a man ("'ho confesseu. to hm lng s\\·;I10\yed 2 to 3 pint of beer during the d:ty \\ ' ho had been il1\'oh ed ina coIl ision) to become I The doctor said the man \\"as not \"cry drunk though Jllcapable of being in charge of a \ an. 1 shall " e]come your opinion on this matter.

t3-Z

FIR S T

There is said to be twelve limes as much alcohol as amI1lonia ill Sal Volatile; but C\ 'c n so I qucstion whether one teaspoonful \\'o uld pi-ccipitate intoxication. 1L is possible that the effects of the beer were delayed; or again they might ha\ 'e bE'cn accentuated as the result of shock associated ,, ith the accident.

In any ca e, 1 do feel that Fir:.t .-\ider place too much reliance on administr:a.tion of Sal Volatile and would be better ad\'isE'd, as the Textbook instructs them, to give t1rst place in their treatmcnt to prone position of patient. Keeping patient nat, loosening clothes and cO\'cring warmly will be much 1110re effecti\'c than a teaspoonful of Sal Volatile by Illtluth. - .C.F.

\CI{lFL \ \'lNE FOR 13URi':S. , \. 1\1. (vValtoll-oll-Naze).-There is so much written nowaday s about the treatment of Burns that I am wondering' if any of your rE'aders, working in factories where burns from fire , chemicals, friction, or electricity occur frequently, ha\ 'e tried treating the injuries with Emulsion of .\cril1avine (1-1000).

For the last five years I have used nothing else. En n in se\'erc burns from chcmicals, it appears to ease tlw pain in a wonderful manner and allows the patient to sleep that same night.

I t1rst began to use it after sending a patient surfering from seve re itric Ac id Burns of face and upper limbs to Sl. Bartholome\\"s Hospital. The doctor there se nt back word to the nurse in charge of Ambulance Room to dress the burns with this preparation .:ach dav.

rarely have I seen sepsis occur; neither ha\'c I known the dressings stick to the tissues. It eases pain and help s tilE' burns to heal quickly. Its disadvantages are that it wants a lot of shaking up, that it stai ns, and that it i a messy oily pre paration.

Only the other day I sent a boy to hospital suffering from a severe fire burn. He was comparatively co mfortabl e and cheerful on arrival; and the hospital auLhorities left my dressings in position for some time until the boy was put to bed. Then they commenced the Tannic Arid treatrnent; and I hear that they had to give morphia to the boy during the night. So this docs not appear to be as soothing a form 0'£ treatment as AcriOm'ine with Paraffin.

\Vc thank you for yo ur letter which is based all personal .:xperience. Under the circumstances, you would be foolish tll alter your m et hod s. No specific treatment, suitable for all purposes, has yet been discO\ 'e red for Burns and Scalds; and time ll1u s t pass before Tannic Acid is accepted finally as file dressing for Burns. Friars Balsam, Carron Oil, Picric ,'\cid, Petrol, cLc. have all had their advocates; and I only repeat the \\ 'o rd of James Cantlie when I say that other methods will yet be suggested.-N.C.F.

TRE.\TMEt\T OF FRACTURED FOREARM.

R. B. (vVidnes).-\Vith Fracture of Forearm the Textbook now teaches us to apply the second bandage as a figureof-eight round wrist and hand. Arc we right in taking it that this bandage is placed exactly as that used for Crushed Hancl. \Ve await your ruling and appreciate thE' fact that wc may appeal to you in our difficulties.

Yes. If you look at Figures Nos. 38 and 39 (Textbook p. 71), you will see that the bandages round wrist and lland are identical. - '. C. F.

TR , \NSI'ORT OF FRACTURED PELVIS.

R. B. (Widnes).-The Revised Textbook does noL g ive any special instructions about transport of patient suffering

A I D. November, 1929.

from Pelvis. we in removing as for Fractured Spme as was laId down 111 pruvious edilions of Te.xtbook or shoul d we carry patient as if he were SUffCI:Il:g Fracture of Thigh ( Owing to differ ence of 01'1111011 10 our Ambulance class, we shall all welc ome your ruling 011 this point.

\.s I read the. Textbook! no special steps are requi red for removal of patient suffenng from Fractured Pelvis who must be lifted carefu lly before being placed on stretcher TI:e detail laid down for Spine do not now apply ll:ls fracture; .and frankly I conSIder that the decision is a wIse onc espeCia lly as the tying of lo"ver limbs together ""ill tend to keep the pelvis steady.-N.C.F.

FRACTURE OF ARM

R. B. (\Vidnes). - For Fracture of Arm ncar middle of shaft, the Textbook tells us to apply splints to fronl, back <lnd outer side of arm, reaching frOI11 shouldt'r to elbow \r e we right taking the position of th e front splint be frol.ll annplt to. el?ow,. as this the front of body accordll1g to clcscnpltOll 111 Frontispiece? Fio-ur u 3S does not show the front splint, nor is any no\\' made, as il1 p -evious cdi tions, of the risk of pressure 011 arteries of armpit and elbow.

The "front of body" runs from the front of shoulder .t o the space at bend of elbo:v. Thereforc, thc front splint, It properly placed, rLLI1S no risk of pressing on the axillar\' yes -e ls, because the axilla lies at "the side of the though it m ay press on the Brachial vessels unles s card 'is taken to prevent thie;. The Textbook assumes that you. due care when applying this front splint which, InCidentally, can be see n in Fig. 35.

The idea is thal the three splints will form a kind of "box splint." In my revie\.\ of the Textbook I cxpressed t!le fear that this box splint would prove dirficult in applicatIOn ; and I advised First Aiders in the event of such a difficulty to be content with inside and oUlside splints, as of ) ore. -N.C.F.

PROMOTION IN BRIGADE.

K. C. (Northern Counties).-What ocial or local s tand ing' must a man have to qualify him fo r promolion to Ambulance Orficel- in the Brigade?

. ask the becaus e am a Staff Serg eant WIth many years serVice, and I hear that shortly ill the ew Year a private who joined a year or two ago is to be Ixomoted to OffIcer in our Di\'isioll, the reason o'inn being that he is in business in 0\\,11 Town. b Frankly, he is a good fellow and we are good I rather hO\'\ 'e\,e r, that his promotion is lIltendecl to be a 11lt at me and that I ought to resi gn. I do not want to do this because I love the work of thu Brigade and so I ask your advice before 1 act.

.The questi?n of promotion evidently causes heartbre ak1I1g If we may. Judge from the correspondence published ill dUring the .l ast few months. This is quite unju stihable, If only offlcers 111 command will follow Regulation .., ; and we, at least, should not like to think that promoti on goes favour or by of social or local slr'lnding-.

Brigade R egu l atIOns require that for promotion to Amb.u lance Ofncer the Divisional Superintcr!dent shall nomll1ate the member who, in his opinion, is most fittcd for the post, and shall certify that such candidate is acceptable to the Divisional Committee, The nomination is sent to the District Headquarters, the Officer in charge of 'which arranges for the required examination. If the candidatc satisfies the examiner, then his name is forwarded to the Chief Commissioncr, who alone can sanction promotion. T.his then is the routine which, if honestly carr ied out, should gLve no cause for heart brcaking.

Probably you are being worried by idle rUJ1lour,

1929.

PHYSICIAN.

You can examine the Work at the- ad dress giv€n low, Of send Free Coupon.

written by eminent Specialists, Physicians and Surgeons, d(scribes in simple language "hh helpful Coloured Plates and diagrams

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especia ll y if you have heard abo ut the m atter o n Comm ittee. In any case whether promotion falls to you o r to the other fellow, you must remembct- that the r a nk of Starr Sergeant is a particularly honourable one in the Brigade since it is only gi\'en "in recognition of exceptiona ll y goo d service. "

So my ach'icc to you is to carryo n whatever h appens, eve n though the Divi s ional Committee gives its verdict in favour of the other fellow. You ha\ 'e done well in the past; we wish you w e ll for the future. -ED ITOR.

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CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EmfORIAL-

Retirement of G. \\ T. R. -\mbul ance Secretary

Rhodes

Treatment of Scalds

Brigade District R eports

Priory for Wales

Cadet Efficiency

LETTERS TO THE EOITORRe Promotion in the Brigade

London County Council Tramways

Railway "\111 bulance

North -Stafford hire Int e r-Coll iery .-\.I11bu \ance Competit ion

Pioneers of Medicine

Our Nurses' Pages

i\\critorious First Aid

Red C ross Branch Ne\\-

RE\'IEWSTannic , \ c id Tre atment fM Burns

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTSHome Officc Eye Dr-ops

Examination H o wl er

Treatment of Contused \VoLlnd

Fractures of Both Leg

Treatment of Fractured Spine

Use of Sm e lling Salls

Fracture of Arm

Medallion of Association

Promotion in Brigade

Recognition of Sen'ices

IIo me Service i\ll1hulnn ce COlllmittee

The City of London Police Re ('rYC J?l'laiil'd Marking Sheet, No. 1C)

'1 nrk'ih ire ' \1l1iJtli ancs' Leafo{IJ\'

EDITORIAL .

" FIRS T AID" extends to its many readers a cordial greeting for ChristITlas and Best Wishes for the New Year.

RETlRE:\IE?\T OF G. \:V.R.

AMBuLA:\,CE

\V E gather from the ambulance reports of various Railwa y Ambulance Centres which have reached us during the past SE CRETA RY. month, that the movement IS still making progress. This IS chiefly due to the untiring work done by the Am bulance Secretaries and their numerous helpers.

In this category we would like to mention the name of 1\1r. \V. G. Chapman, ,','ho, after nineteen yea rs as Ambulance Centre Secretary of the Great Western Railway, has, on his transfer to another branch, resigned his position. During his term of office he has put his heart and soul into the work and from the results shown, one can realise the amount of time and energy which has been devoted to the furtherance of the ambulance movement in this important centre. We understand that Mr. Chapman will remain on the Ambulance Committee, so his long experience may still be of good service. VVe wish the ne'" Secretary (1\liss C. A. Ault) every success in her new ,,"ork.

\V E are pleased to learn that the Ordcr of St. JOhl1 has, through its members, been able to acquire the Rhodes Missal. This book is one of OTeat interest to members of the Order, as b at one time it laid on the High Altar of the Conventual Church in Rhodes, and was presented by the 0-rand Prior of St, Gilles in France in the year

RHODES frSSAL.

1504. It was taken from Rhodes to Malta in '1523, but about the year 1798 was lost sight of.

The lissal, which has 28 full-page ill ustrations of Bible history of folio size, is, according to :\1r. H. W. Fincham (Librarian to the Order), of the highest quality of the 15th cen tury art, and its condition is almost perfect.

The cost, v.rhich was £1,500, vvas met by a special subscription, and it is very pleasing to know that such a priceless and unique treasure has found its resting place in the Museum of the Order of St. John s ituate in Clerkenwell, London.

The Treatment of Scalds.

By A. H. WALLACE.

A REPORT appeared in the East AngI£an Da.zly Tz'mes of October 11 th of an inquest on a child, aged four, who was admitted to the East Suffolk and Ipswich Hospital suffering from extensive scalds in several places, through having sat in a bowl of hot starch which had been placed on the yard bricks to cool.

The house surgeon advised that no first aid should have been attem ptcd, but that the child should have bccn rushed to the nearest hospital or doctor without so much as removing the clothes. The mother had removed the child's clothes and applied castor oil to the injuries. The scalds were of the second degree, and there were no signs of collapse. Picric acid treatment was administered at the Institution.

At 9 o'clock the next morning the child was doing well, and at 10 o'clock another dressing of picric acid was given. Shortly after 11 o'clock the child had collapsed, and another doctor had ordered a hypodermic injection of strychnine and camphor. About '1 o'clock the child was still in a state of collapse and sufferi ng from shock.

Oxygen was being administered. The pulse was imperceptible. Other treatment was given and at 2 o'clock the pulse was sufficiently strong be counted. At 5 o'clock the pulse was ao-ain imb perceptlble, and at 6.15 the child died from shock due to the scalds.

In reply to a q uesLion, Lhe doctor said that thc castor oil rather hindered than helped the later treatment.

This sad case is of more than usual interest to first-aiders, for, in the first place should no doctor or hospital be avaiablc of what should their treatment consist '?

The. J textbook docs not permit of thc usc of plcne aCld treatment, although these dress-

ings are not excluded from the Manual of Instruction for the Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff nOr from the Home Office Instructions for the Tre atment of Minor Injuries. In fact, the Home Office instructions are not to apply oil or grease of any kind, but to wrap up the injured part in a la rge dressing of sterilised wool-this does not excl ude treatment by prepared paraffin or picric acid.

From experience, numerous cases of exten sive scalds have been treated with picric acid for the first day or two and then dressings with oils, having antiseptic properties, have been so succ essfully used as to leave behind no trace of any scar.

To quote an example of how serious a simple ?urn may easily become, the following is inter estlllg :-

An influx of Christmas visitors to an establi shment had exhausted the supply of hot water bottl es, and so resource was found in the use of a hea ted flat iron carefully wrapped in several thicknesses of old sheeting. This caused two very small burns to appear on the leg of the unfortunate bed partn er who, feeling somewhat sore during the night, immediately jumped out of bed and applied boric ointment to the slightly red patches. Nothing further was felt of the trouble until exactly a week later when, attempting to rise in the morning, the use of the lim b was im possi ble. Ulcers had resulted which necessitated three weeks of continuous fomenting with hot boric lint and even then no appreciable healing of the wounds was appar ent and the medical man had to resort to cauterisatio n, with blue stone, to close up the wounds. Even this drastic treatment failed to prevent blo od poisoning ensuing which, although successfully combated, left two severe scars on the patient's leg to accompany him to the grave. Of course, the moral to be found from this experience is not to hug hot flat irons in bed, but would not picric acid treatment at once have prevented any furth er trouble?

At the annual meeting of th e Bideford and District Section of the S.].A.A., it was announced that t.here was a deflcit of £86 12 s 6d.

Ir. Horace Horn e, Division al SupL of the Batley Ambulance Brigad e since 1923, has been appointed a Serving- Brother of th e Order of the Ho s pital of St. ] Ohl1 of Jeru salem.

On Thursday, No\'ember 14th, a highly successful'whist drive in aid uf the funds of the Norwich Divi s ion of the St. John Ambulance Brigade was held in the St. Barn abas Paris h Hall. A la rge company was pre se nt, and durin g the interval Mr. W. Sandell (Supt. Norwich City Division ), in thanking Canon Lan che ter for the u se of the hall, poke all the good work being done by the Brigade, which was hecomillg- even 1110re nece ssrtry ill thes e days of congested road s.

Brigade Reports.

No. I (Prince of Wales') District.

The Officers' Dinner of the No.1 (Prince of Wales) DIstnct was held at the Wharncliffe Rooms Hot el Great Central, London, on Saturday November 30th.

The No. 1 Dist:ict (Lt.-Col. F. A. Brooks) presIded over a well attended function.

Among those who sent apologies for unavoidable absence vyere J. R: qynes, the Home Secretary, Maj. Gen. Sll' PercIval WIlkmson, Chief Commissioner of the Brigade, and Viscount Byng, Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police.

Lt.-Col. F. A. Brooks stated that over 15500 cases were dealt with during 1928 by the membe:s of the and up to November of this year 15,000 duties involvmg 59,000 attendances, had been put in. The number of recruits was 80S which brought the membership up to nearly 7,000.

T.hey had performed many important duties, includin g those m connectIon with t.he King's journey to Bognor and the Schneider Trophy contest, and had always been able to meet the requirements of the police.

Col. Sir Hugh Turnbull (Commissioner City of London Police) said : "The ambulance service in the City docs its work as quickly as the fire brigade, a very important factor where such bad street accidents occur. The state of first aid efficiency throughout the police services is very high indeed, but for this we owe a deep debt of gratitude to t.he St. J o11n Ambulance Brigade."

Those present included: Lady Perratt (Lady Supt.-inChief), Lady District Supt. Miss Rideout, Major Tomlin, Lady Wilkinson, Lady Mountg-arret, Col. G. A. l\Ioore (Asst. Chief Commissioner) and 111's. Moore, 1Iajor Banks, Mrs. Dent, Lady Knowles, Col. Ellis, the Mayor and Mayoress of Stoke N ewing-ton, Commissione r and l\Irs. E. A. Richards, District Officer and Mrs. Piers, Lady District Supt. Mrs. Fa lwas ser, Lady Supt. Mrs. Theobald, Dr. Lionel "Whitby, Dr. Ethel Whitby, Lady Amb. Officer l\Iiss Andrews, District Officer and Mrs. Hamburger, District Officer and Mrs. Burton, District Officer and Mrs. Green, District Officer and 11rs. Clifford, Asst. Commisioner Dr. N. Corbet-Fletcher, District Officer Capt. Franks, Asst. Commissioner Dr. Kendall, Asst. Commissioner Dr. C. J. R. MacFadden.. Asst. Commissioner Dr. McIntyre, Asst. Commissioner S. ]. Warren.

AN INFORM AL INSPECTION BY TIlE LORD MAYOR OF LONDON.-Members of two Divisions of the S.J.A.B.-No. 13 (King's Cross, G.N.R.) and No. 39 (Temple) Nursing Division-had the honour of being inspected by the Lord "Mayor of London while carrying out a duty at the Alexandra Palace on Saturday, December 7th. The act of his Lordship was even more appreciated by the members. inasmuch as it was not part of the programme and quite unexpected

The occasion was the re-opening of the Palace Organ which, for such a long time, has been si lent. The large hall was packed with people, a Guard of Honour composed of men of the 7th Batt. The Middlesex Regiment (D.e.O.) heing near the entrance by which the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs were to arrive. The men and Ambulance Sisters of the S.J.A.B. formed up behind these, clo se to thei r under the command of Staff-Sergi. Price.

On his arrival, the Lord i\Iayor quickly noticed the Ambu lance people, and after in specting the Guard of lIonour, walked over to them and inspected them too,

much to their delight. He also thanked them for their attendance there that evening.

Later on, the men of the Brigade were invited to form a Guard of Honour t.o His Lordship when he \vent to take 111 an adj.oining" 1'00111, which they did, again be111g thanked for then serVIces.

Such gracious acts more than repay men and women for the time they give up in the service of others.

The Central Area annual social will take place on FrIday, January 31st, 1930, at the Shoreditch Town Hall at. 7.30 p.m. A large attendance of members and thei; friends is expected.

BRE TTFoRD.-On Tuesday, N oyember 12th, the Brentford Division held t.heir annual dinner and social at the Royal Hotel, Hal1\'\'ell. Over SO sat clown to dinner and the chair was taken by ex-Supt. F. E. l\Ieyers, ported by Supt. G. Harris, S.B.; and Amb. Officer H. Phillips. Among the guests present \yere District Commissioner J. R. Warren, S.B.; Div. Surgeon H W. B. Ruxton, and representatives of various Divisions.

The chairman thanked the Division for the honour of giving him the opportunity of taking the chair.

The toast of .. The King and Royal Family" was then received with musical honours.

Supt. Taylor proposed the toast of Brentford Diyision." In the course of his remarks he expressed pleasure at hearing the various competitions that had been held during the year amongst the members, also to hear of the great honour done to the Division by the award to their Supt. of the Order of Serving Brother. He \\ as fully cognisant of the various duties a member of that Diyision was called upon to do . \iVith the toast he coupled the name of Dr. Ruxton, and congratulated them on haying such an excellent Diyisional surgeon, and thanked him for the assistance giYen them.

Dr. R1..L'{ton briefly responded.

A summary of the work done by the Division \yas then given by the Hon. Secretary Supt. G. Harris, S.B. \ Vhen the Di\'ision, 19 years ago, started as a section, the total membership was six; to-day the t otal is 29 active members and one Brigade resene membcr. The Di\'iion's actiyities are spread oyer the districts of Chis\yick, Brentford, Isle\\'orth, HOllnslow, Kew, and Richmond. Duties are undertaken and fulfilled at many local centres, and also, with the Hounslow ambulance, in London at public functions.

For the ten months cnding October 31st,"the members have totalled 615 duties; no fewer than +05 cases of illness and accident having been treated by them; 55 removals have also been undertaken by the members with the Hounslow ambulance. The mileage covered by the Hounslow ambulance whilst members of the Division were in charge of casualties was 289, for remoyal of sick persons 384.

Commissioner Warren congratulated the Division on the splendid report of its \'arious activities, and on the reception of the hononr of Serving Brother bestowed on the Secretary-Supt. Brigade headquarters asked for more members, and he urged to do their best to increase the number of recrUIts.

Amb. Officer Phillips, proposing the toast of "The Visitors," said they specially welcomed the Ambulance Sisters, with \\h0111 they so frequently co-oper.atecl 111 public duties. A word to the wives present was cl!scrcetJy

suggested, when grumbling aboul tin:e taken ?11 c1uti?s by hubhy "-go and elo Jikeveise amI JOlIl a llUrS1l1g (I1V151011, Councillor Geary, responding to the toast, fell grateful that he had been im'ited to such a festIval, and much appreciated the voluntary attendance of the St John Ambulance men with the firemen in serying the HOllllS10w ambulance.

Commissioner 'Warren then distrihuted the prizes for this year's competitions as follows :-lndiyidllal competition, Acting CpL A. E. vVatts) cup and medallion; intersquad competition, No.3 squad (Cpl. E. C. Barnes, Ptes. B. Maloney, S. Reynolds, and F. C. Adams) shield and medallions; recruits' competition) Pte. F. C. Adam, cup and medallion. A special prize was presented to CpL E. C. Barnes for having made the most aU enc!ances at drilL Sergt. P. Bettles, proposing the toast of "The Chairman," was of opinion that the greatly improyed stale of the Division was due to the work and influence of ex-Supt. Meyers. By eight years' sheer hard work Supt. Meyers had brought the Di"ision to its present efficient state.

In reply, the Chairman stated his work had been greatly over-rated, and that the present well-being of the 54th was due to the active co-operation of the officers and N.C.O.s. He particularly thanked the inclefatigaille Secretary for his valuable assistance

A musical programme then followed.

N o. 2 Dist ric t.

The annual general assembly of the S.J.A.A. and B. in Bucks.) was held at Aylesbury, in the Borough Council Chamber, on Thursday, November 21st, Col. Francis 'yV Pixley presiding.

The Chairman recalled the Centre was formed in 1922. During the year ending September 30th, 23 courses of instruction were given, and this resulted in 294 members undergoing examinations . Of these, 237 were successful. 177 first-class certificates were p1resentecl; 47 home nursing ccrtificates were won, and 23 vouchers had also been awarded. The total number of awards made since 1922 was 2/83.

The 23 courses of instruction were given at the following centres :-Slough, Chesham, Aylesbury, Wolverton, High Wycombe, Lilling-stone Dayrell, Newport Pagnell, Bournc End, Lavendon, Prestwood, and Henleyon-Thames.

A roadside hut had been erected at Colnbrook, and 21 first aid boxes had been placed at places on the' County roads where it had heen found by experience that serious accidents were most likely to occur. In addition, boxes were shortly to be placed at Charnclon Cross Roads in the Bucks area, and at Amersham-on-the-Hill. Twel\'e motor ambulances had also been purchased.

At the annual joint flag day, which was held on May 3rd and 4th, the sum of just over £852 was raised as against £942 the prcvious year, and £732 in 1927

The Treasurer (lV1ajor Darvil-Smith) said the balance sheet on October 1st) 1928, sho'wed the money in hand to be £109, and they finished the end of the present year with a balance of £163.

a resolution of thanks to Major DarvilSmIth for hlS "vork as Treasurer) and also as Com misCouncillor Stacey, of Wycombe, moved a resolution to the. effect. that "this. General Assembly having to Its nohce the admIrable work of the Brigade 111 reque.sts the Commissioner to convey to DlvlslOns under hlS c?mmancl the Assembly's appreciatIOn and thanks for then valuable service in the cause of humanity during the past year."

The resol,ution was passed unanimously.

The electIOn. of officers for the ensuing year resulted 111 the re-electIOn of the Chairman, Secretary and Treasurer.

A I D . December, 1929.

CTIELTENlL\lIr.-Thc c01l1petitions for the " Shc\\ ell" Cup and other trophies were held 01l Nov elll_ bel' 27th, at the Sl. Luke's Schools., Cheltenham. Four teams from the Friendly Societies' Division and thr ee from the Town Division taking part.

The examiners were Dr. Haines (Glollcester), for practical test; Dr. Robinson" team test; Dr. Cox (Winchcombe), "iva \'oce test; and Dr. Darlington) individual examination.

Of the trophics competed for) the chief was the (, Shewcll" Cup for the team ohtaining most marks, t he " Surgeons'" Cup and the Simmonds" Cup going to the second and third teams in the same competiti on. Another much-coveted trophy is the "Clark" Cup, for the individual member securing the highcst marks. Th es e are all trophies of olel standing, but this year a furth e r trophy has been offered for the encouragement of recru its This trophy has a littlc history. During the war l1 iss BowIe-Evans, who was Commandant of the St. John H ()spital, presented an inter-hospitals football and crick et challcnge cup for compctition betveecn patients. When th c hospital closed the cup rcmained in the hands of th e County Commissioner (Dr Hugh Powcll), who recen t ly handed it to the St. John Ambulance Brigade for co mpetitive purposes, and the officers decided that the b est purpose to which it could be put would be to give zes t to individual work by recruits, and it can be competed f o r by men of under three years. It will be known as the St. John Hospital Cup,

The team test on this occasion was a motor accid ent in a fog, illvolving (1) a broken spine, with concussi o n, (2) a fracture of the humerus, and (3) treatment fo r drowning. The tropl1ies) prescnted to the successful competitors by Mrs. C. C. Petch, were a\Varded thus:-

Team Test.-" Shewell" Cup :-E. Team) Town Division, 179; « Surgeons' JJ Cup :-B. Team, F.S. Di v ision, « Simmonds JJ Cup, G. Team, Town Divisi on, 153 i marks.

Tndividual Test.-" Clark" Cup :-Sta[f-Scrgt. St a rr. F. S. Division for the fifth time) it therefore becomes his outright.

The St. John Hospital Cup.-Pte. May, F.S. Diyisi Oll 35, v,ith Pte. Hawkins, Town Diyision, and Pte. Barnfield, jnr., F.S. Division, dead-heating with 27 marks.

Drs. Darlington and Robinson both spokc with sati sfaction on the quality of the work) and Dr. Andre ws (Divisional Surgeon of the Town Division) moved a v ote of thanks to ]\1rs. Petch for distributing the prizes, a nel Dr. Barrett Cardew a like compliment to the examin e rs for their services.

SWUGII.-On vVednesday, Novcmber 20th, the Slou g h Division held their annual dinner at the Nortl, S ta r Hotel.

In the absence of the President, Councillor E. T. Bowyer, owing to' illness) Divisional Supt. II. Smith pr esidcd; and there werc also present Mrs. Smith, Major P. G Darvil-Smith (County Commissioner) and Mrs. Dan ilSmith, Supt. Tucker (Slough Police), 1\1r. W. ScoU -Ey a ns (Hon County Centre Sccretary), Mrs. H K Scott (L a dy County Officer), Mrs. IIancocks (Lady Divisional Supl. Slough Division), l\1rs. Hall (Lady Antb. Officcr), Tr a n sport Officer F G. C. Schoof (Secretary) and Mrs. Sch oo f, Amb. Officer J. Scott, etc.

In proposing the toast of tIle S IOllgll Division of the S.J.A.B., Supt. Tucker expressed his great pleasure at being able to do so because it gave him an opportunity o f saying something about the work which it was doing. In his position as Supt. of Policc he could say as much a s anyone as to the value 0 f the work which was heing p erformed by both the men's and the lads' sections, and of course he came into close contact with the men. He could not emphasise too mllch for the information of the puhlic the good work tIlat was being carried out. 11. "vas sur-

Dece mb e r, 19 29

prising (0 l1im .to tl1i11k that these gentlemen should up their own tl111e to do a good puhllc work for nothmg, ;.end that was a thing he cou ld not understand about the Brio·acle The only thing he could attribute it to was the of the work and of doing something of service to the public.

Hc referred to the ycar's work) and said he thought it. had been a record one. Up to Scptcmber 30th, they had something like 17 or 18 fatal accidcnt , and the number in which personal inj ury had been su tained was nearly 200. Of thc other accidents in which injury had not been severc or in which there had been no injury at all was almost anotl1er 200, making a grand tot.al of over 400. lIe would also like to express 11 is tl13.11ks for the most ya luable assistance that had been rend e red in the trainin g' of young; constables He thought he was in sayino' that thIS year there had not bcen one faIlure them at tIle examination. He coupled with the to a st name of Major Dar\'il-Smith.

]n rcsponding to this, 1\1ajor Darvil-Smith said that

the work had been heavier than in any of the others. They had a very fine body of boys thcre, and he congratulated Cadet Supt. Druce for the smart body of boys he llad made. Finally, he wished personally to congratulate Supt. Smith and his officers, Amb Officers Scott and Schoof, for the efficiency of their organisation.

The tcam which competed for the Carlile Trophy at Aylesbury then came up to receive the cup at the hands of Supt. Smith, by whom they were congratulated. They were Cpl. Hancocks, Ptes. F Gro\'es) Dobner, Hood, and Gregory.

The toast of " The Visitors J) was proposed by Amh. Officcr Scott, who coupled with it the name of 11r. ScottEvan.

There then follow cd a splendid and joyous entertainmcnt programme and the whole company joincd heartily in Community singing.

SOUTlL\:\IPTON'.-The first annual inspection of the ncwly formed vVoolston Ambulance Division was held on l b h J-J. ld] rPhotograplt by H. U oodr, LOlIghborouglt, By (ourtcry JOlIglt oroltg t1 a. 'f I "D P - " SI' Id Louo'bborOlw!1 Ambulance Team, winners 0 t. 1e U Ie lie

The team cons ists ;f Corpl.hW . Collins (capt.), Privates H. vVhitcroft, J Bailey, ,:\. E. Barradcll, E. Ban-adell (reserve) and Supl. Nash (coi'tch).

h e was proud to be ahle to associate himself with the Slough Town Division, and he was all yery highly appreciated the r<ol11arks concern111g: theIr work" and he would say that it was a \\'ork at whIch anyone who looked into it mllst necessarily marvel. vVhen one thought of the hours the men must acrifice, hours pleasure and r est, to carry it out he diclnot t.hink the publtc it as much as they onght , or else they would he 111 a better financial position than they were.

He went on to speak of the manncr 11: the work was carried out in the Slough dlstr.lct, a.nd saId that this was regarded as a model of the way 111 whIch such work should be done. Thc demands upon the ambulance were heavier here than in any other part of .the county. There were nine ambulances in Bucks, and 111 the 111ne months endino' September 30th over 1,.100 cases were dealt With, and it surprising- that dunng- the last quartcr

Monday, Decembcr 2nd, at " Sit-vennere," Obelisk Road, kindly let by 1\Iessrs. J. I. Thorneycroft and Co., Representatiyes of the 'yo.olston J urSl11g Dn' lslOn and the I etley Ambulance DlvlSlon \\·ere. present , and amonO'st others were 1\1rs. Pittard, 1\1r TW1SS, G. Esq., band Dr. John Clayrc, who is taking oyer the dutte of Divisional urgeon.

The inspection was made hy Lt.-Col. W: Plttard, County Officer acting for the County CommISSIOner \',ho was indisposed

The Diyision under Supt. E. J. Parslow, had 2-1- members on paradc, o'ut of an e tablishment of 25..

The inspectino' officer) after a cIo e eXal11lnatlOn 2£ the drcss and.equipment of the men, had them put throu)1 \'arious exerClses.

After cxamining' the books of thc Division) hc cx-

pressed a ll opinion on the inspection, ami was pleased to see 96 per cent. of the Diyision present 011 parade.

The Division was congratulated by all present 011 their work since their formation three months ago, which included 643k hours public duty and 11 5 cases treated.

After the inspection Mrs. Twiss, the local Secretary of the Association, presented awards for "First Aid" and" Home ursing" earned by the candidates during the year, and expressed the hope that the members of the classes now in session at the evening schools would join the Brigade as they qualified.

No. 3 District.

On November 30th., a party of 90 N.C.O.s and men of the Birmingham Corps paid a \'1sit to the London Hospital Medical College. They were welcomed by Supt. Hall (Post Office Corps) and Amb. Officer Harris (No. 1 District), who soon put them at their case. After a few opening remarks Mr. Harris gaye a lecture and demonstration on Anatomy, and dealt with subjects which were likely to be of use to First Aiders. The able manner in \\"hich he explained the various subjects, coupled with his skill as a crayon artist held the audience in rapt attention, the majority of whom had not heard him before. The specimens passed round were minutely inspected. A few well-chosen remarks by Sergt. Lowe (Birmingham), who had organised the visit, were followed by a proposal of a hearty vote of thanks to 1\1r. Harris by Sergt. Paine (Birmingham) for the splendid lecture This was seconded by Mr. Kirby, who also coupled with it the name of Professor 'Wright (Dean of the College) for his kindness in providing facilities for such an interesting lecture This was carried with acclamation. After a tour of the hospital museum, the visitors) in parties, toured around London. The main batch left Euston for the return journey at 1.15 a.m., after a tiring but novel and interesting visit.

MALvERN.-The 1\Ialvern Division, S.JA.B., organised a record whist drive and dance in the Winter Gardens, Malvern, on Thursday, November 21st, in order to raise funds for uniforms and to equip a first aid station in the Malverns during the summer months

There were 197 tables, accommodating nearly sao players, and although the hall used is large it was found to be inadequate to seat all the visitors, and a large number were turned away.

After whist, pressure on space became easier; and were admitted for dancing. The number on the floor was nearly 1)00.

Mrs. W. J Davies, who presented the prizes to the winning players, was supported by Dr. F. Leslie Newton (Divisional Surgeon) and Mrs. Newton, Councillor E. Layton (who carried out the duties of M.C.), and Divisional Supt. G G. Lewis

Dr. Newton proposed a hearty vote of thanks to Mrs. Davis for distributing the prizes, and to the Committee and other helpers, and all who had come to make the event such a success.

Mrs. Davis) replyin g) said she was assured that the Brigade would get what they wanted.

She was presented with a bouquet by little Miss Sybil Greenway.

The Committee, who are to be congratulated on the result, were: Dr. Newton, Messrs. G. G. Lewis W. O. 'Th.orp, E. Bonel,. J Wilson, B. Hirons, J Ledger, T . Ulrver, and L. Blssenclen.

The Super "Double" Six Band provided the music for dancing No. 5 District.

.. annual prize distribution of the Batley ])lvlslOn, S.J.A.B., took place at the Town Hall, 011 November 19th

I D. December, 19 29.

The Pn:!:i idel1L of the BatIcy Ambulance Associati on (1\1r. T. E. Crail-::) presided.

The awards were presented by the Earl of Harew ood who, during a short spcech, said: "I have not had a 1011u' connection with the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade, but J: hope my connection may become closer in future As you probably known, my father was for many years His .Majesty's Lieutenant for the West Riding of Yorkshir e and in that capacity took a very great inte r est in th e St: J 01111 Ambu lance Brigade. He and my mother both worked for many years for the interests of t h e St. John Ambulance Brigade, and I hope that I may be given an opportunity of doing work fo r it in the future in the same way, and with as good a heart.

., There was no district where efficient ambula nce service was more wanted than Batley, and he knew that the work of the local brigade was much appreciated by the townspeople He hoped that in this noble work, Batley would, in future} as at present, not lag behind any district in the country."

Thanks to the Earl were expressed by Dr. A. G. S. Broughton and Mr. T W. Fox.

RouNDwooD -Every available seat at the practi ce room of the Roundwood Colliery Ambulance Class was occupied on Sunday morning, November 24th, when the team of first-year men who had been successful in getting third place at the recent ambulance competition for the " Lane-Fox JJ Shield (1st round) were awarded the priz es. The chair was taken by Mr. L. Smith (Manager), who welcomed Dr. G. H. Menzies (Class Lecturer) who made the presentations, and his colleague, Dr. Lister. The chairman spoke of the splendid position obtained by the team, some of whom were quite young, and he hoped that they would be encouraged by this success and aim for the first place in future competitions

Dr. Menzies congratulated the boys and gave a r esume of the history of the class in competition work from 1907 up to the competition for which he was about to present prizes The teams of the past had succeeded in reaching the semi-final on several occasions} and he hop ed that the teams who were at present working so hard woule! eventually come out on top at the final. The prizes were t hen presented with suitable remarks to the recipients} who were as follows :-" No . 1/' E. Ratcliffe, pair of bron zes, "No 2/' A. Rowley, clock, "No.3)" H. \ tVright, set of carvers, "No 4/' C. Abrams, salad bowl and servers, and A. Orme (reserve) pair of bronzes. The instruc tor 'was Mr. J Steventon} who was presented with a salad bowl and servers. In conclusion Dr. Menzies referred to the splendid work of an old stalwart of the class, Mr. John Marriott, HOIl. Serving Brother of the Order of St. John, who was a founder of the class and was still the instructor. Dr. Lister then spoke of the va l ue of competition work in preparing the ambulance man for the real work which was expected of him in case of accident. The doctor gave the members of the teams some good advice on the manner of attacking the problems which they were ex pected to solve when on the competition floor. The thanks of the class to Drs. Menzies and Lister were eloquent ly expressed in a vote of thanks by Mr. D. Faz ey, who was responsible for the organising of the teams. The seconder was Mr. C. Abrams . Both speakers expressed 111ei1' intention to do their best to get to the top i n fut ure' competitions.

Dr. Menzies suitab ly replied No. 6 District.

Interesting figures relating- to the number of ca ses which were treated by the staff of the St. John Ambulan ce Brigade at the N.E. Coast Exhibition were revealed at the me e ting of officials of the Newcast l e Corps of the Brigade in t h eir Osborne Te rr ace Headq u arte r s o n Satur -

Decemb e r, 19 29. FIR ST

clay, November 23rd, when District Officer G. R. Curry submitted his report.

F r om t h e opening of the Exh ibition on May 14th, until the close on October 26th, no fewer than 4,529 cases were Lreated at the St. John Ambu lance Hut. Forty-nine cases were removed to the Roya l Victoria Infirmary for further treatment .

The total cost, it was stated) covering medical and surgica l stores, board and lodging of staff amounted to £232 19s , towards which it was hoped that the Exhibitio n authorities would make a grant.

CRAGHEAD COLLIERY.-The rapid progress made in fo ur years by Craghead Colliery Ambulance Brigade was in evidence at a social event held in Hedley Memorial Hall, when meda ls and certificates were presented.

A cadet corps has been formed with a membership of 27, and at a recent examination 22 of the memb e rs we re successful.

In a team competition held by the Brigade, a set of gold medals was provided by Dr. C. Fenwick, for the win ning team, and a gold medal for the best individual perfo rmance .

The winning team consisted of M. Whittle, Capt. W. Wilson, S. O. Green} H. Maughan. Individual winner: L. Pea rson.

DARLINGToN.-The annual distribution of awards to members of the Darlington Ambulance Brigade took place in the Brigade Headquarters, Hopetown Lan e, Darli ngton, on Tuesday evening, ovember 12th.

Supt. M. Fletcher, in the course of an address) stressed the importance of having trained ambulance men in every \\'orksllop. Employers, he said, ought to encourage their work men to become efficient in first-aid. In his opinion it wo uld pay employers to give their men bonuses as they qua lified in the ambulance examinations, for they could obviate many compensation claims by attending- to minor inj uries at the right moment.

Dr. 1\1. Buchanan (Div.-Surg.), who preSIded and made the presentations, referred to the stopping of the amb ulance classes at the Darlington T ec hnical College, and expressed the hope that they would ultimately be resta rted

Following the presentations, which numbered 29 certificates, ten vouchers, 16 labels, and fi\ 'e medallions , refres hments were provided and a musical programme glye n.

NEWCA TLE.-The annual inspection of the VickersArmst rong-Armstrong Whitworth, and N e\\'ca.stle Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade was earned out Acting-Commissioner Major A. Hammersley Johnsto11, III the Hutton Terrace Drill Hall, ewcastle, on Saturday, Nove mber 23rd.

Among those present were the Lord 1\1ajor of C\.\·castle (Councillor Joseph Stephenson) and the Sheriff (Co uncillor John G. Nixon). The ChIef Constable (1\Ir. F. J Crawley) was represented by Supt.. Thomp on.

Vickers-Armstrong-Armstrong: Whltv;orth Corps ,\"as co mmanded by Corps-Supt. P R. Mc aught, and the Ne wcastle Corps by Corps.-Supt. H. S Crace..

Following the there was a dIsplay ot stre tc ller work and first -a Id treatment.

the Sunderland ursing Division, was presented with the First Bar of the Service Medal for 20 years' sen-ice. No.8 District.

In the pres ence of a large congregation, the new motor ambulance of the Bagshot and Windlesham Division of the S.J.A.B., the cost of which was defrayed by public subscription, was dedicated at a service at the Bag, hot Parish Church on Sunday afternoon, December 1st. Among those present were the Commissioner of the district (Mr. Ernest A. Richards), Lady Knowles (Lady Dis.Supt.), and Lady Peters. The Guildford, Camberley, Frimley, Slough and Haslemere Divisions were represented.

The parade assembled at the junction of Windlesham and Guildford Roads, und er Corps-Officer B. W. Wells, and headed by the Bagshot Brass and Reed Band, marched to the church. The ser\'ice was conducted by the vicar (the Rev. R. W. Stuart), and 1\11'. G. W. Green, representing the Free Churches, read the lesson. The presentation of the ambulance) on behalf of subscribers, was made by Lady Ellenborough, the Commissioner accepting on behalf of the Bagshot and Windlesham Division. The dedication by the Vicar followed. Mr. E. J. Hickox was at the organ, and the Vicar gave an address.

Following the seHice, the Brigade were inspected by the Commissioner, and later nearly 200 sat down to tea at t. Anne's Hall. 1\1r. O. H. Bradnack., Superintendent of the Division, welcomed the yisitors and explaining the need for a new ambulance) pointed out that the old ambulance had co\'ered 3)S2 miles in four and a half years, and had attended 74 accident and 113 nursing cases.

The Commissioner afterwards presented 1\1r. Bradnack with an inscribed go ld fountain pen) the gift of members of the Diyision.

The new ambulance which \\"ill be ayailable for il1\'alid transport, \\"ith the exception of cases of an infectious character, has been specially designed with many additional comforts, and it has a six-cylinder engine, and ,,-ill be able to tranl any dIstance.

HASTING .-The plucky action of Driyer (Pte.) J. Drewett, of the Hastings S.J.A.B., in descending 130 feet to a ledge on the Fairlight Cliffs on November. 5th) to help rescue a man, was reco gnised on Monday eyel11ng·, December 2nd, in the presence of his colleagues at the Glenroyd Hall, Hastings.

A lett er of commendation from the DI tnct CommISsioner wa s read, and Driyer Dre\\'ett was congratulated by Capt. Dr. E. Chill} the Asst.-CommlsslOner lor the County.

The letter which \Va io·ned by the Dlstnct Secretary (1\11'. H. J. \Vi g·gles\\,orth), "Th e ha read with much intere t the excellent work carne.d out by Pte. J. Drewett, and it is .a matter much pnde to him that he has uch men serY1l1g under hIS command. It is pleasing to note that the resourcefulness courage displayed on this occasion by a member of the was publicly reported. It is sllch deeds that make hIstory for the Brigade.".

.., Dr. Chill carned out the annual 1l1specbon .of the Brig'ade members) and presented :"ith yon'c hers labels and medallions obta111ed 111 exam11latlOllS He warn;ly congratulated the Brigade on Its strenoth and efficiency. _. od

Dr. Derrick. the hOll. surg'eon of the Bllgacle, thanks to Dr. Chill for his Supt. G. Hazeldcn French \\"as in charge of the Bngade.

NO.9 District. .

F

Major JOll11ston presented Service Medal of O rder of St. Joh11 to the fo ll owmg officers on completlOll of 15 years' efficient service :-Corps-Supt. P R. l\1cNaugllt, Corps-Sergt-Major Sowler (both of Vickers-Arm trong-Armstrong WhItworth), Amh.-Officcr J. R. Logan Division), Corps-Office.r l\Iidg·ley (N ewcastk Corps), and P te . F. Fox (CIty DIVIsio n).

The Service Medal awarded the late DI\·.-Supt. Sutton \Vp.!'i ts> his widow, g.pd Mrs. \ tVaddell, of

annual inspection of the Telgnmouth Division, S.J.A.R., took place on. \tVednesday, oycmbcr 27th} fit th\; Assembl;· Rooms., TCIgnmouth.

Asst.-Commissioner Hedley 1\lillcr was the inspecting officer and he was accompanied by Corps- upt. J. Ric e, I,'oms Secretary Greenslade, Corps Inspector of Sto r es 'f ou'ng. Di\'.- 'upt. \ Visc, Transport Officer Willc oc ks, and Sergt. Pickett, of the Newton Al)bot Branch. The local officers on parade \yen: Surg.-Supt. F. W. 1\lorton Palmer, Div.-Supt. G. A. Biltoll) c,tl1d Amb -Officer C. Apps

The men were put through various movements and, as a te t, \\'ere called upon to treat thre e 111en 'who) it was represented) had been sheltering uncler a tree which had been struck hy li ghtni ng. One sustained a hroken spine, the second a broken thigh., and the third had broken both legs. First of all the ,( injured" men had their breathing r estored, and, after treatment, wer e placed on stretchers and taken to the hospital," three-quarters of a mile away.

At the close 1\11'. Hedley 1\Iil1er, in presenting lon g-se rvic e medal to CpI. Bert ;,litch e ll, Cpl. T. \tVilcocks , and Pte. J. Bishop, said these medal were not gained easily; they were awarded .for IS years' efficient service and for duty ",hen called upon. To come to a division in a small

A I D. December, 19 29.

After the inspectioll) th e Division was put through \'arioLls first-aid tests by the Hon. Surgeon (Dr. R. D and drill stretc h er work by various N.C.O.'s: Stores and books were afterwards 1l1spected b y the Commissione r who expressed his .en6re at everythll1g he had seen) and comp lun ented the Dlvlslon on t he goo d attendance at drills and the great improv ement noticeable in the l ast few yea r s The Commissioner also cong r atu lated the team, which won the first-aid cup, open to a ll Essex, at the Red C r oss rally held in June l ast year and presented cert ificates from the B.R.C.S. to the ing members of t h c team :-S upt. H. W. Lee, Cpls. W. Barre ll a nd \tV. Rlm,ve r s, Ptc.'s 1\. Blovvers and E. Radforc\.

NORWICJ1.-At the Norwich Police Cou r t the Lord l\layor (1\ 11'. H. P. Gowen) presented Ernest Sydney Vvest a member of the orwich Lads' C lub Division, S.J.A.B.' a yellum of the Royal IIumane Society for saving a boy cyc li st fro111 drowning.

December, 1929. FIR S T

cause he is a young man, and h e h as started li fe wel l. He has life doing g.ood, and is really carrying on the tradlllons of the NorWIch Police Force."

Priory for Wales.

TilE mem bers of the Ambu lance and Executive C0111mittee s of the Prio:y, at the meetings on Monday, N ovem ber 25th, 1929 un a nim o u sly ctgreed to sen d to the Ri g ht lI on. Th omas P. c., Dir ector of Ambulance of the Priory and a h.t1Ight ot of the on his appointment as PrE'sldent of the ;\1ll1ers Federation of Great Britain.

The Commissioner for "\iV ct les reported that First Aid and Nursing classe; had been arranged in fifteen centrcs In the Rh ondda valley with the approya l of the AULh? r.i ty, and the Priory had accepted respollslblltty for the adl111l1lstration of these.

It was agreed to make application for service medals for fiftcen years' effic ient service in the Brigade for M a jor W. Owen Ev a ns (Sub-Commissioner, Pontardctwe Sub-District) and Albert J ohn Bobbett (Barry Dock), and a service medal b,rtr An.drew Woodroffe Anderson, M.B., (SubCommISSIOner, Bndgend Sub-District) who had completed twenty years' efficiency

Christmas grants to provide additional comforts for exsen'ice pensioners who are pat ients in hospital s on Christmas Day as a result of their war di sa bilities have been made by th e Joint Council.

Ne\v Medical Comforts Depots have been established and members of I\; ur s ing Di\' is ions are organising parties for specia maternity and child welfare work. In the Cardiff District this vork is being taken up by the members of \\'omen's Institutes, through Mrs. Bevan Ll e \\'ellyn, and the Chief Constable of Cardiff (1\1r. J ames A Wilson, O. B. E.), e:\.pressse d a hope that the Priory would do all in its power t? exte nd this .s c heme, and that other "oluntar), organisations wou ld assIst.

It wa reported that an Ambulance Hall was being built at Llangeinor in the Bridg-end Di st rict; tenders \vere under consi deration for the erect ion of a Hall at AbertiHery, and that the Divi s ion at Heolycyw, n e(lr Pencoed, were nego tiating for su itab le bui ldin g's for headquarters, all of " hic h are to be vested in the trustees of the Priory.

A.rrangements for the annual meetings of Chapter and Grand Committee in Cardiff on St. Dayid's Day next, :'IIarch 1st, 1930, wcre discus ed, and it was agreed, with the app ro\'al of thc Sub-Prior, to include in the proceeding s of the afternoon assembly a debate on certain subjects affect ing t h e work of t h e Priory.

A I D. 1-+5

1; nit would shortly be to pro\ ide a body of trained voluntary se rvlce <:ase of acciuent or sickness, an.d recruIt s for the selllor DIVISIOns. vVhere\'e r they went \y ou ld. a lwa ys be found useful. Her LadyshIp c l:lphaslsed th.e Imporlance of a \I edical Comforts Depot 1I1 loc a ltt y, so that the comforts miaht eas!ly be avaIlable for use in the sick room. The Prior/for vVal es w ould help. them to establish a Depot, and she ,,:ould gladly gl\'e them 1I1formation and aciyice

[G. f w ain, N orw ch. o rwi c h in the front r ow town and distribute t hr ee suc h awards was a yery g reat privilege,

In addressing the mcn, ::\1r. IIedl ey Miller said he was pleased WIth the stretchc r drill, and h e 'was g lad members had. up hfe-boat 'wo rk, for h c had had some expene,nce 11: this. matter. Hc thought Teignmouth should fall Into IlllC WIth other towns and have a motor amb ulanc e WIth such a progressive unit he felt they would soon one. He was glad the work was kept u p to such a hIgh level.

No. 10 District.

The annuaJ inspection of the Colchester DI\,1.S1O/1 S.lA.B , \ vith their Dedham detachmen t look place 111 St. Botolph's Parish Hall Co l chester Tuesday, Noyemher.26th, the inspccting' bein o '1\Ir. H. Lang'ley .,lon es, County Commissioner for Essex ."" Th e parade \Vas 111 charge of Supt. H. W. Lee.

Constable of

The facts of this C,-,! e were that at a quarter to fi\'e 111 the of August 5th Reginald Sparrow} aged IS, :was nd111g a pedal cycle down Carrow IIill when the came off, and he lost cQl1trol 0 [ the machine) which crashed into an iron harrier adjoining the riYcr at the bottom of t h e r oad, and Sparrow was thrown in to the \ vater. Ernest Syd n ey West} a.ged 25, a policeman employed by Messrs. J. & J. Co lm an Carrow Works h earing a police whistle, hoarded a hoat w ith two other 'men ancl we n t to t h e spot w h ere Sparrow went into the water. Taking off his coat and s h oes West dived in and swam l111clcr the wate r He found Sparrow in t he mud and brought him to the sur face , a nd he was Ii fted illto the boat unconscious. At this spot the river is 70 feet wiele and 12 feet cleep ill thc ccnti'c , and a full tide was rllllllill ,,' at the time.' ,..,

,( That was a v/-;ry hrave thing- .fo r yves t to do," :iaid the Lord Mayor. We cong ratulat e hl111 first of all be-

PRESE 'TAT ION OF AMBULANCE AWARDS AT OAKDALE. Amb ulan ce effic iency awards were presen te d to member of the Oakdale Co lli ery Ambulance Di\' ision, the \l\Tomen's Nursing Class and the Boy Cadets, at an intcresting function held in the Primitive Methodist Chapel, Oakdale, on Saturday, ovember 23rd.

11'. D. Kendrick prcsided, by Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O B. E., D eputy L ady Supt. for Wal es ; Dr. S. McCormac, Corps Surgeon and Acting Commissioner for New port; Counci ll or Sydney J ones, Counc il lor L. J. Price, 1\1r. F. Squire, Chairman of Oakdale Ambulance Di"isioll Committee; Mr. F. Dix, Divisional SurL; Mr. VV. ]. Powe ll Di v i siona l Secretary; a nd Mr. J. Powell, Secretary of the Co mmitt ee. 1\ large number of t h e general public WCrc present.

Lady Lewis pre se nted certifi cates to members of the Ladies' H Ollle Nursing C lass, and preliminary ccrtificates to Boy Cadets. She congrat ul ate d the womcn's c lass on the wonderf ul work they were doing in their o\ovn hom es a nd for the loca public. She hoped a Nursing Division and Cadet

I\lr. Kendri ck aid h e had been associated with ambulance workJor nearly thirty-six years, and, not\\'ilh'itanding the precautIons at the collieries accidents \\ 'o uld OCCLlr 1 " , dnc It was \'ery Important they sho uld hm'e well trained ambulapce m en i.n eyery district to 11rst aid. v\ Ith reference to a buddIng, he promised to do best to help them a hall as headquarters for members of the Oakdal e Di"ision, " hich he knew ,,·rts much needed Councillor Sydney J ones distributed labels, medallions and "ouchers, and said it ga\'e him "ery great pleasure to hand tl-:ose. awards to the men. The application of up-todatE' sC lentdl.c kno\\'ledge and modern applianccs ,,'ould do much to reduce the number of accidents at thc collieries and he the Oakdale Ambulance Brigade on' 'their work 111 the "Illage and their success at competitIons. on the work of the Diyisiol1 during the year, Supt. Dlx sa id they had attended 400 ca cs in and about Oakdale Collieries, and attended a number of cases in the homes of the people, on the football field and at the Oakdale Cinema. Th ey recei\'ed generous financial support from t he Company and the ,,'orkmen, and the happiest relatIOn ship always existed between the Collier\' and the Division. The teams belonging to the had done well in the Ishvyn League competitions. "\t Treclegar, out of se\'en teams, Oakdale came second; at Oakdale the\, \\ 'c re first; at Blackwood Lhey came third; and at Pontlithir d out of six teams; therE'by gaining second place 111 the Leagu e competitions. Oakdale aha \\'on secon d position in the preliminary competition for the :dartin Shield and came second out of fourteen teams at the Royal G"'ent Hospital Fete, Newport, and third in the Bed\\'ellty A.g-ricultural competition. They ,,'ere uccessful in winning the Hdls Plymouth (:\ I erthyr) Cup, the Xational Cnion of R a ilwaymen's Cup at Hcng oed, and the ,-\. S. Tallis Cup. The Boy Cadets had also done ,,,ell in their first \,car's competitions. At Llanbrad ach (Caerphilly) they ,,'on thc Dr. Jol1n Dickie Memorial Cup, and at Oakdale the :\1rs. Da\'id £yans Cup. They came second at ::\elson and fourth out of ten teams at Abertillery. Gratifying progres - hrts made b,' the \ Vomen's Hom e Class, formed a year or ";0 ago at Oakdale, and instructed by Fleming, A.be rtillery. Supt. Dix presented Dr. CiClnter ,,,ith a sihcr cigarette case and match box, as a small token of appreciation of his sen'ices, and Stephens (senior member) on behalf of the vVomen's lIom e Nursing Class, prescnted the doctor with a go ld-m ounted c igarette -hold er.

Dr. Cianter sa id he had been connected \"ith the Brigade eyer s ince he came to the "iHage, and w hat help he had gi 'e n had been a real pleasure to him.

11". Stephens presented l\lrs. Fleming ,,·ith a fountain pen on behalf of the class, and paid high tribute to the splendid sen'ices she had rendered.

Mrs. Fleming in rcplying said she "'as glad Lady Le\\ is ad\'ised the need of a I edica l Comforts Dep01 for Oakdale. They had such a Depot at \b e r tillery, and it would he a great blessing in this village.

Dr. M cCo rmac prescnting Corps Officer \\'. J. Little with the sen'ice med a l, sa id that :'Ilr. Little was one of the first Il1cmbers of the c\bcrtillery Brigade. He (Dr. :\IcCormac) gn.\'e him his nrstlesson in \ml1ul ance, and he \\'as proud of the he had :lchie\·ec1.

Corps Officer Little suitahl) responded and aften,'arcls presented Storekeeper R, J. Lucns "'ith his ,,'a rrant of appointment.

P hotogl'aph by ]

Th e Norwich Lads' C lu b Division with the Chiet

FIRST AID IN MINES.

Dr. Sydney Fisher, His Majesty's Medical Inspector of :'lines, addressed a crowded audience, at the St. J Ambulance Hall, Cymmcr, on \tVednesda)', November 21th, 011 First Aid in ::'Ilines.

The chair was taken by Sir Herbert D. \tv. Le\\' ls, E.B.E., (Principal S ec retary and for Wales) supported by i\lr. G. l\ladley (HIs ty s l\lines), Captain T. E. Richards Rhondda Centre), 1\lr. H. McVicar (General Cnited Ta tional Collieries), Mr. \tV. B1'yn1110r (General Manager, Cymmer Col li eries), Mr. W. H. Malllwaring (Miners' Agent) and Supt. J. H. Thorne, R escue Station, Porth.

Dr. Fisher explained that the objects of the Mines Department was to bring the regulation up date.. He spoke of the necc sit)' of keeping all the first aid eqUJpment and appliances in perfect order, and urged tl.lat the men be trained in first aid, as the best of matenals ,,,ere without skilled kno\\ 'ledge to apply them. He dealt With

A I D. December, 1929.

c hildren of miners. He pointed out the i 111 portan ce of the women being trained in first a id and hom e nursing, as they were then able to assist the medical men and nurses to relieve the suffering of those wh o \-vere unforLunate enough to be injured in the mines.

An interesting demonstration on I' scue work in the minc was arranged by Supt. Thorne, assisted by Stafr Officer George Payne and members of the Borough of Rh ond da Centre. A working model of a section of a heading had been erected on the stage, and tl-,e men ,,"erc in their working clothes and using their everyday tools. Although the room was in darkness save for the miners' lam ps, Dr, Fisher sa id the injuries of the injured miners were as efficiently dressed as if the men had been working in uayligbt.

After the meeting, Supt. Thorne gavc a demonstr atio n of the various forms of rescue apparatus in use in the mines in the Country to-day, and exhibited some old models to show the great progress made.

fetters to the

We are in no way responsible for the opinions or lhe statements made, by Correspondents. - EDITOR.

RE PRO rOTION IN BRIGADE.

DEAR SIR, -

'( Staff Sergeant" is not t he only one who bas been ignored 'when promotion camps along Time after time capable senior member in both mens' and womens' Di\'i sions have been passed over in favour of some younger and less experienced member ,,,ho by some means or other (often noL connected with ambulance work) ba\'e established thcl11 sch'es favourites of the Di\ isional Superintendent or of others in authority. In many cases rank injustice has been done, and

I suggest that the authorities at Headquarters, who, as YOLI state, have the final word in the mattcr of promotions, should make strict inquiries into the method of pro ce dure adopted by the Division in nominating a member for promotion and also into the reasons for ignoring the claims of any un sLlccessful senior member or mcmbers.

CADET EFFICIENCY.

The Rugby Cadet Division are very fortunate in having a Di\ isional Surgeon who, in spite of his work as Senior Surgeon at the Hospital, finds time to take a keen interest in the Cadets. Dr. C. R. Hoskyn has just presented a silver cup for annua l competition in efficiency, to members of the Rugby Cadet Di\ ision. Our photograph is of the first winner, Sergt. N. Armstrong. Ina very close competition he came out top, after giving a very good display, and he feels justly proud to be the Ctr s holder of the "Hosl{yn" Cup.

the remedies not only for the more serious accidents, but with the everyday ca ualties, such as bums, abrasions, etc.

The Chairman impressed on them the necessity for suitable amhulance transport, so that the "'orkillen might be carried in ca:-,e of accident with the lea s t possible delay to their own homes, hospiLal or instiLution, and that the ( t11 bu should also be rlv(lilablc for wives and

Better still, perhaps, would it be for, say, three to be nominated by the Superintendent or by the membcrs of a DiYision, full particulars of sen'ice, qualifications, etc., of each to be sent up to headquarter s for them to make the final election, Thi method would to a great extent nullih local prejudice and favouritism and gi\-e more general satisfaction. Without doubt, an end should be put to the present un satisfactory state of affairs, which often results in serious di ssensions, breeds envy, hatred and 111alice, and because of he lack of good comradeship and the spirit of whole-hearted cooperation causes a general lowering in the standard of effic iency in a Division.-Yours, &c.,

« ONLOOKER ."

DEAR SIR,-

The letter dealing- \\'ith promotion in the Brigade signcd by K. C. in the November number of FIRST AlD, h as, I belie\'e, aroused widespread interest, for, since reading it I have spoken to a large number of officers and men in various parts of the country.

It is unfortunately quite true that this vexed que st ion of promotion has been the cause of III are dis ru ption and disintegration in Divisions than is genera ll y known at II. Q. The regulations, which enab le a SupL. to exerci c favouritism in the selection of candidates for promotion are constantly destroying all incentive to men to strive to qUillify for pro'motion. Unfortunately the B.R. ",hich requires a Supt. [l) certify that the candidatc for promotion is acceptable tll the Ph is ion a l Committee, is not always carried ouL.

I recall, on one occG\.sion, visiting a Di visiol) in one part

Decem ber, 19 29 FIRST of the countr'} a few d ays after an examination for promotion had becn h e ld, and Icarning of a statc of discontent which looked lik e e nding in the disbanding of that particularDivision, It appeared that, to the surprise of the whole Di\ ision, a private had been advanced to the position of Ambulance Officer, and noL a sing le member of the Divisional Committee had any idea that this private had been recommen ded for suc h promotion, Three or four N.C.O.'s had also been in spected at the sa me time.

The question of socia position is also a ser ous one, ha\ 'c in mind the case of a Nursing Di\ ision which has novv becn formed some three or four years, and, I believe, has clone some very flne work, sti ll without a Su pt., altho ugh warranted by numerical s trength. understand that the Ladv District Supt. cannoL see her way clear to appoint a Su pt. as she considers it necessary that they should find a lad y of some social standing in thc district ,""ho will consent to occ upy this position.

_

I am in a position to vouch for the qualth c atlOns of the lad y who has acted as SupL for practically the whole time the'Di\,i ion has been formed, but up Lo three months ago wh en I last \'isited the district no promotion had been confirl11C'd. The Lady District Supt.' argument is, I undersLand, that these « working women rcquire someone wl10m th ey ca n look up to." This snobbery is, I submit, damnable. matter if the SupL Joes not hold a high social position in the town so long as she knows her work a nd is thoroughly protlcient, as in the abo\'e cited case.. If ,,:e. ,:re to get the best out of our £\mbulance and Nurs1l1g Dl\'ls lons, then let the leadership rest in the hands of the 11est qualified, and this ca n only be ascertained by open competition.

\\\'ay this s nobbery and favouritism and us sub"tit ute proficiency. vVe shall then see a much higher standard of work produced by our men and ,\vomen, and there will be far less discontent.-I am, Sir, Yours faithfully, « F \IRPLA \'."

DE\R Sw,This subject often appears in your coll1I;nns,. and .teel cerlain there are plenty of sound reasons for dlssatlsfactlOn. In many di\' isions there are many men hold rank " ho, frol:' tilt' efficiency point, render it positi\'ely derogatory to thelldi\'ision.

1\ly obsen'ations lead rne to th:re are many first class men holding rank show dlstll1ctl\'ely the wear and of life's battles, good first aiders, but are,not up to t.he knife edge requirements ne cessa ry to hudd and mallitain a di\'ision in first class condition

On the other hand thel-e are men who had a sound and solid foundation in squad and company drill the war period whose services are available are bemg used to the best and fullest advantage, and It IS regretable and appalling where the Superintendent and hiS officers' l<nowledo-e of drill is of a low standard

I s it not our leaders or authorities became actin' and gave some hope to th: lower. r.anks <:nd place some of these venerable members Jl1 a pOSlt1On which would be honoUl'able to them and in keeping with their dignity, and at the same time make fuller use of the fir st cIa s material available?

A man on recei\ ing his two becomes a member of the Divisional Committee, and m hl exalted position is allowed to in its deliberations, but who, after experience, examJJ1atlOll and close co.ntact, finds no matter how moderate he believes to be, even If able to obtain the unanimous support of the other can obtain nothing without the co-operation .and co-ordl.nation of the Superintendent, who is judge, .Jury a.nd l'xecutioner. This is our constitution, and IS definltely laid clown in regulations, section 12, page 48,. para. 237. This said reo-ulation calls for a lt eratIOn. I fepl certa1l1 there exists support for its alteration. It

A I D. 147

would help to correeL contnl\'ersial maLler and han:' the ('A-eel of e limin at in g much wastage and loss of per'inonnel, as often believe va lu ab le members resign for e\'Cr simply because they are at variance with their Superintcndcnts. For instance, as I understand the regulations, the Su perintendcnt can withhold any correspondence referring- to the resignation of an old comrade. Th e same applies to the work of any other committee connected or elected hy the division, and can refuse to send or ha\"e prepared an agenda of a committee if he so dec;irec;,

Surely within the ranks of the Brig-ade s ufficicnt hrains can be found to modernise thi s regulation \\ ith o ut being detrimental or derog-atory to a Superin te ndcnt ; all that is required is regular action carried out ill a C\)l1stitution;lI manneL - Yours, &c., \. ]. E. Essex.

DEAR SJR,-

R eading in the NO\ 'e mber iss ue of FIRST AID, (( Stafr Sergeant's" letter on promotion, I was struc k \\'ith the similarity of his case and my own, I am a Pri\'a te. I was asked at the beg-inning- of the pre se nt year to take charge of our Cadets who totalled 5. In a week or two I had about 25 I carried on for a few months, when a fellow joined the Brigade \.vho seemed very nice, and offered me his help which I accepted. I n o\\' been informed that hi nomination has been sent In for Officer.

The nomination wa s not done according to rules, so I sent a protest ao-ainst it to our Corps Supt., who spoke to me about it andbasked m e if I could stand the « ra ck et." I told him it just depended on what the « racket" meant. He said my uniform would cost £10 for a start.

I should like to know if rules and regulat10ns requir e an Officer to buy his own uniform, I under stan d that the fellow who has pushed me out has offered to buy If he can do it, so can I, because he does not get more " 'ages a week than myself, and he is married \\·hile I am Single, It certainly looks as if promotion goes by favour, and I think if new members are to be given preferen ce o\'er older members, then It is time (( Staff Sergeant" and n:yself packed up and got out. If ,:"e in the and stood it, it. would seem lIke an l\1sult every tllne "e turned out on parade. -Yours faithfully, DISGUSTED PRI'·,\TE.

London County Council Tramways.

A",IBULANCE SECTION.

The above section are working hard to form S.J,A.B. Diyision. They eleven members _ ot seventeen who have passed theIr first S.J.A,A. e:-:ammation and a further series of classes are now be1l1g prepared so hat the required number can be The Secretary (1\Ir. \V, E. Townshend ) \\'nte .to tl at · \\ Te are o-o in o - ahead. Our cash balance IS 10\\, 1. c h d ( e -t l1Llt as we had no fund when starte. a year 11_ x January) and now pas ess practIce matenal and ,a fir aid box, it is yery satisfactory. Two members dId at the Tramways Annual Sports and treated cases, No competitions ,been entered for as )-et) bu: we have members who wIll give a good account of them selves when the time comes to enter. Our thanks 1 to our Lecturer and Hon, urgeon) Dr. Ball, faDr, gaOl \\'ork. It is our intention to form a S,J,AR _In 1?,11 as soon as the required number of passes ar.e.

"lN e hope that the Secretary's ambltlOns \\'1, soon 1- d add Otlr c011 o-ratulation to the sectIOn for 1l1atena Ise an C h the work done in so short a tune.

qualified first-aid e rs in each of the principal departments of the railway tog et her with the percentage o£ ambulance men to the total staff employed, and, where the information is available, the corresponding pcrccntages as obtaineci in the pre,' ious census is also sho\\'n.

A I D. D ece mb e r, 1929.

and there 'Ncr a lso p r esent Mr. 'vV Davis (District Good s Manage r ) and M r s. ]) av i s, Dr. T. Mc Ritc hi e (C lass L ecturer), and Mr. J. Thomas (Station Master).

Mr. Davis spoke of t h e good work the class was doin o. and wished it s u ccess He pa i d special trib u te to yaluab1e se r vices of D r. McRitchie) which had been available for the class for a number of yea r s wit h s u ch excellent resu lts . He a lso thanked Messrs . W. G. James and J. Bufton, h e energetic Class Tnstr l1 cto l', and Secretar y respectively . Following tea) the examination awards we r e distribut ed by l\Irs. Davis) w h o was a Herwards tha n ked by Mr. Thomas.

CIIIPPI TG SODBuRY -The annua l dinne r in connecti on with the Chipping SocJbury C lass took place on Novemh er 7th 1\11'. \ i\lee ks (Station l\Iaste r ) presided and among the guests were the Re\, T. Burgess (Vicar 9f O ld Sodbur y) and Dr. T. C. Leman (Class Examiner). Dur i ng the evening the last named distrib u ted the c l ass examination awards and congratulated the class members on th eir splendid reco r d. Some seventy members and their frien ds enjoyed the concert which followed the d inner.

Dec emb e r , 19 29.

FIRST

In making the presentation, Mr. Maunsell congratulatcd the competito r s on thei r excellent standard of work, and said h ow gratified he was to see the 11umbcr of beginners in the teams.

WADEBRIDGE.-Mr. Brazier) Station Master) Wadebridge, occupied the chair at the annual dinner of the Wadcbridge Ambulance Class. Durin g the evening) 1\Ir. Hancox, District Ambu l ance Secretary, presented the C e rtificate of Honorary Life Membership to Dr. A C. Coleridge, who has lectured to the staff for man y years

In proposing the success of the Wadebriclge Ambula1l ce Class) t h e Chairman spoke of the great progress which had been made in the ambulance movement throu g hout the system So far as Wadebridge Class is concerned, it was a cause of great satisfaction that durin g the past 10 yea rs, out of 243 candidates who bad taken the examination, no less than 227 had passed.

During the evening, an oak biscui t barrel was presented to Mr. Leaver) the late Class ecretary. 1\1r. Leaver has been transferred to London, and his qualificatIons being well known, it is understood that seyeral teams are already courting his services.

fracture or injury to the bon es of his leg-s o IIe is unable carry oyt natural movement and there is slight bleedlng. lIe 1S al?o bleeding from the mouth, his left lower canl11C tooth 1S loos e and movement of the lower jaw ca uses pa111. What inj uries do you suspect? Carry out such treatment as you think nec essa ry and transfer him to a stretcher."

After an interestin g competition the j udg-es announced the result as follows :-

1, Shelton Deep Pit Surface Team, 330; 2, Burley No. 2 Team, 309; 3, Stirrup and Pye 's Team, 301; 4, Silverdale O 1 Team, 289; 5, Shelton Le ep Pit TO. 1 Team, 288; 6) Berry Hill O. 1 Team, 287 points.

The total mark s available were 400. In addition to the shield, medals had been provided for all the teams so that the winning teams in each area may receive some r ecog nition.

It will be seen that whils t the Police Department l eads with 29 per cent. of its staff qualifieci, the Traffic (the largest department numerically ) has increased its percentage of trained men from 16 to 22, the Chief :'£echani ca l Engineer's Department from 3 to 5, and the Engineering Department from -I- to 7 per cent. For tIle "vhole stafC of the railway the percentage of qualified men is now 10, as compared with 7 in 1921. The total number of qualified ambulance men in the G.W.R. service is now 10,372. It should be explained that in taking this census of ambulance men, only those who had p assed a satisfactory examination or re-examination durin g the past five were regarded as qualified.

BRISToL.-1\lembers of the Bristol class, which claims to be the largest on the Great Western Railway system, assembled for a dinner and smoking concert at the Cadena Cafe on the e\'ening of Saturday, l\ovember 9th, the guest of honour was Mr. R. P. Carpmael) Chief L. J. A. Calloway, Goods Superintendent, pres1ded, whllst among others present were Mr. H. R. Griffiths (late Divisional Superintendent), 1\1r. S W (Division<l:l Engineer)) Mr. H. J. Peacock (Assistant Drv1slOnal Supenntendent ), and Dr. P. C. Rankin.

The class comprises about 2-1-0 members, of whom some. 200) with their wiY es, were present. During th e eve mn g, reports of the year's activities were presented by Mr. E. E Jakeway) Secretary of the men's class and by Miss W. U. Smith) Secretary of the ladies' class. ' The Chairman congratulated both upon the pro g ress achieved and urged the women employees to take a larger interest in the movement.

Mr. Carp.mael) h.ad a most cordial reception, congratulated Bnstol on lts hI g h standard of first aid efficiency and counselled the class members to maintain their enthusiasm During the evening 209 certificates and other awards gained in examination were distributed to members of the classes by Mr Moore) who also presented t h ree gold medals for 15 years' efficiency) and six gold bars for 20 years' efficiency, whilst Mr. W. Bradbeer was made the recipient of the Company's Quart e r Century efficiency medal.

The proceedings were int e rspersed by musical items wh1ch :vere an acceptable feature of a happy and enjoyable g·athermg.

COCKETT.-Mr. Da lton (Clli ef Inspector) p r esided at the annual g'alhenng- of memhers of the Cockett class

LLANELL Y.- Mem be rs a f the Llanelly Cl ass aSSel11 bl ed on NO \'e mber 19th to recei,'e their examination awards when 1\11'. D. 1\1. Davies (Depot Master) presided) and was supported by Mr. J. Sartin (Locomotive Dept.), and Mr. Oakes (Gooods Agent). The awards, which includ ed three gold medals for 1S years' efficiency) and two gold bars for 29 years' efficiency were presented by Mesdam es Davies, Sartin) and Oakes.

During the p r oceedings, Dr. S. Williams was made th e recipient of an oak electric table stand on beha l f of the class members and gifts were handed to Messrs. J. E. Williams and W. H. Webb) who are retiring from th e positions of Class President and Secretary) which they haye held respectively for a quarter of a century.

EWPORT.-The ewport Docks Ambulance Class cieparted from their usual routine on Sunday afternoon, November 2 -1- th) when they were treated by Dr. Candy , the radiograpner to the Roya l Gwent Hospital, to a di splay of films dealing with the circu l ation of the blo oc! and the work of Pasteur) the eminent French scienti st, whose wonderful discoveries have been of unto d ben efit to mankind There was a large gathering to welcom e Dr Canely, whose comments and explanations added co nsiderably to th e interest and instructiveness of the film s.

At the close) Mr. H. B. Smith (Dock Manager ), assured Dr. Candy t hat his kindness in giving such practical help in so interes ing a way was keenly appreciated by all connected with the first aid movement at Newpor t Docks, and Dr. Candy briefly responded Among tho se present were Dr. S. Hamilton (C lass Lecturer)) Mr. W. Cleaver (Divisiona l Docks Enginee r ), Capta n Cutcliffe (Dock Master}, Messrs. J. T. Edmunds) N S Cox, W. Duncan, A. Gumb r i! l, C. Marsha ll (Instructo r ), and J. Marshall (Secretary).

Southern.

ASHFORD WORKs -The amb ul a n ce competition for th e cup so generous ly presented by M r. R. E L. Ma u nsell, the Chief Mechanical Engineer) was h eld in the Drill Ha ll at As h ford recent ly.

Four teams competed) and a l arge numbe r of spectato r s witnessed the competition. T h e r es ul t was :-

1st, Mr. G. Morse's Team; 2 n d) Mr. H W ri ght's Team; 3rd) M r. G Holtum's Team; 4t h ) Mr. T H og b en' s T eam.

BARNsTAPLE.-An enjoyable eye ning was spent in the Waverley Hotel) Barnstaple, recently when a smoking concert, organised by 1\1r. R. Copp, was held in connection with the North Devon Classes. 1\1r. Grainger, the L oco Foreman at Barnstaple) occupied the chair, and was suppo rted by various local officials. During the evening a prese ntation was made to Dr. R. H. C. Gompertz, the Lecturer to the Barnstaple Class.

In his reply) Dr. Gompertz paid a tribute to tll e efficie ncy of the Railway Ambulance men, and said that he appreciated beyond words the kindly thought which had prompted the gift. Their great reward would com e by the Barnstaple team bringing home the Director 's Shield, and following this on by winning the Inter-Railway Shield. He bclieved that the date was not far distant when this honour would come to DeYOll) and wished them every success in their endeavours in this direction.

N orth Staffordshire Inter=Colliery Ambulance Competition.

The final for the shield and medal! presented by the Com mittee of the North Staffordshir e Miners' Welfare Fund, was held on Saturday) November 23rd) in the King's Ha ll, Stoke) and was witnessed by a good numb e r of specta tors.

These competitions started in 1922 and are held ann ually. They are very popular among the ambulance wor kers employed at the various collieries in orth Staffo rdshire and have proyed a very useful stimulant to all who are interested in first-aid.

Mr. J. Cocks (President of the North Staffordshire Mine rs' Welfare Committee and of the North Staffordshire Colliery Owners' Association), presided over a distinguished g a. thering) which included many eminent ambulance workers.

The j u dges were Dr. T. H. Richmond, of Hartshill (tea m test) and Dr. J Lindsay Boyd, of Trentham (viva voce and individual), and the stretcher test was as follows :-

" A boy has been crushed between two wagons and at the same time he has heen hit Oil the lc.ft side of the face by a pit prop. When examined by the ambulance team he co mp ains of pain in the lower part of the abdomen, this pain i s aggravated by any movement, particularly when he a t te mp ts t o move his legs. T h e r e rs 110 eyic1ence of

The shield and medals were presented to the teams by Sir John Cadman) who said he had a feeling of admiration for the work done by the ambulance workers in this district and he accepted the invitation to be present with pride. He had enjoyed witnessing the competition , which was the outcome of a g reat competition for the shie ld. This kind of competition involyed an enormous amount of work in its preparation. He also appreciated the difficult task the doctors had in adjudicating.

A vote of thinks to Sir John Cadman for his attendance and inter est was mond by 1\Ir. E. P. Turner, and seco nded by 1\1r. H. Leese.

1\1r. D. Gou g-h, captain of the winning team proposing a vote of thanks to the doctors, spoke in appreciative terms of the fair and just way in which the judging had b een carried out, and the captain of the Berry Hill team (1\1r. E. Bennett) seconded.

The doctors) in reply, congratulated the winning team on their success and stated they had one outstanding feature-that of the distribution of duties) which was very excellently carr.ied out.

A vote of thanks to 'M1'. J. Cocks for presiding was proposed by 1\11'. A. 'Marshall, seconded by 1\1r. F. W. Sumnall, and carried

Th e Secretary of the competitions was Mr. E. A. \i\Trigh t , who was "ery ably assisted by 1\1r. R.

The Southall Ambulance and Nursing Di"i sio ns, S.] A. B., held a whist drive and dance on 'Wedn esday, Dec. 11 th, in the B eaconsfiel d-road Schools, Southall. Supt. Taylor officiated as M c., ,, ' bilst ;\f rs. Swift presented the prizes to the winner. Refreshment s ",ere managed b)' the Nursing Divi s ion

The recently-formed Soutb,yick a nd Shoreham District Division of thc St. ] ohn Ambulance Brigade has secured the en'ices of 1\1r. C. Young, of Shoreham. and formerly of tbe .\shJord (Kent) Di\'ision, as superintendent. Dr. Cra\yford, of Lancing, is the di"isional surgeon, and \\ L. Brett secretary. The membersbip is "tea dily increa ing and ne\\' members are heartily welcomed. A. series of socirl.1s and dances is proposed in- aid of the funds.

3' e

There was a good attendance at Ha, erhill Town Hall, on the occasion of a conccrt given by the "Enthu iasts" Concert Party, of Cambridge, the being in aid ?f the funds of the Hayerhill Nursing ASSOCIatIon, the Ha\'crhlll Iotor Ambulance, and the Ha\'e rhill Division of the St. John Am bulance Brigade. The programme prf'sented was of an intcrestin O' and varied character. The Re, W G. Hodges, chairmant'>of the Nursing Association, expressed the thanks of a ll concerned to the performers

Pioneers of Medicine.

KOLII-( 18-+3 - 1910).

ROBERT KOCH, whose name will always be associated with tu berculosis, was born at Klausthal, Hanover. He studied medicine at Gottingen, and practised it at \ \ ollstein. After serving in the Franco - Prussian war, he settled down to medical practice. Yery early in his career, his interest in clinical medicine and therapeutics had to take second place in his life in favour of research The first disease on which he threw important light was anthrax, an acute, specific infectious disease caused by a bacillus to which cattle, sheep, horses and human beings are susceptible. Koch sho "wed in 1876 how a pure culture of this bacillus could be grown, and seven years later he announced a method of preventi\re inoculation against it. I n 1881, at the International Congress in London, he demonstrated his system of obtaining pure cultures of bacteria by growing them on glass plates on which 1iq u id gelatine containing meat infusion had solidified. Pasteur, who was present on this occasion, is said to have exclai med : " C'est un grand progres "

In 1882 he published his famous account of the relation of consumption or tuberculosis to the bacillus now known as Koch's bacillus. His discovery that this bacillus causes tuberculosis, and the logical conclusion that without this bacillus tuberculosis cannot exist, settled a controversy which had raged for generations as to the inclusion of tuberculosis among the infectious diseases.

In the past, little had been done to fight this disease, for no one knew how or where to begin As soon as Koch's discovery was an nounced, high hopes were entertained that some sort of vaccination against tuberculosis could be effected by means of the tubercle bacillus treated in such a way that it ,vould confer immunity instead of sickness and death. But it was not till 1890 that Koc h announced the possibilities of curing early tuberculosis by means of an extract of the tubercle bacillus called tuberculin. Koch himself was not sure that tuberculin was a specific remedy, and he would have preferred to carry out many more critical tests with it before giving it to the world at large. But his hand was forced . Thousands of consumptives and their friends were clamouring for a remedy, and tuberculin seemed to them to promise it. Tuberculin was administered to moribund patients in heroic doses, and the resu l ts were tragically speedy .

Countless efforts were made to improve tuberculin, to find a dosage and method of administration which would be safer, but the upshot of all these efforts during the three following decades was that, while may be useful in diagnosis, many conslder It dangerous as a t h erape utic age nt.

Koch's bacter io l og ical i n terests we r e far from being limited to the t u bercle b ac ill us In 1883, he \ as sent on a n offic ia l m ission to Egypt and India to study Asiatic chole ra, and he succeeded in sho"wing that it is caused by a bac illus known as the comma bacillus on account of its characteri stic shape . H e also demonstrated how cholera is transmitted by drinking water, food and clothin g.

In 1901, Koch again made a great sti r in the tubercu l osis world by announc i ng at a congres s in London that the tubercu l osis of man is disti nct !rorr: the tuberculosis of cattle . If he were ri ght, It might be argued that the danger of drinking the milk and eating the meat of tuberculous cattle was comparatively smal l.

An enormous amount of work was underta ken as a sequel to this announcement, and it was ultimately proven that there are, indeed, differ ent types of tu bercle bacilli, bu t that though the bovi ne type is chiefly to be found in cattle, it may sometimes cause serious and even fatal tuberculosis in human beings, particularly in children It is verv rare for cattle to suffer from tuberculosi s of the- human type, end in communities saturated with human tuberculosis the cattle may be perfec tly healthy.

To go back for a moment, we find Koch in South Africa in 1896 investigating at the requ est of the British Government the nature of rinderp est against which he devised a method of preyent i\'e inoculation In Bombay, in 1897, he purs ued important studies of bubonic plague, and in the same year he produced his new tuberculin whi ch, it \vas hoped. wou ld prove less dangerous than his old tuberculin . It was not, however, a great success. Again j n 1906 he was i n Sou th Africa at the head of the Sleeping Sickness Commissi on, giving advice on this disease and experiment ing with a new arsenical preparation, atoxyl, With which it was hoped this disease might be successfully combated In 1905, he received the No be l Prize in "Medicine.

His death occurred at Baden - Baden on l\Iay 28th, 1910, and it was noteworthy that he who had done more than anyone else to stamp out consumption was found to suffer from it himself in a chronic form -League of Red C1"OSS Socz"eb"es.

---. .-_._.-

The annual contesL for the ambulance cup presented by the Carlton Main Colliery Company for competition among their associated collieries \vas held at South E l msall on Saturday, ovember 23rd. Dr. Fe ll , of York, wa s t he and the cup was won by Frickley, 138t poin t Fnckley No 1, 133l points being second; and Grimeth orpe 125 points third. The prizes were presented by the Comp any, and 1\1r. R. Gill handed them to the winners

Does your colleague read FIRST AID, if not, send us his address and Wt will post hi m a copy.

Our N u rs es Pages.

COMPILED BY A MBULANCE SISTER.

December i here again. and before our next i, ue. 1929 \"ill be.a thing of the pa t. Before passino- on to another year s \York, let us look back oyer that 0 oon to be fini hed. Ho\\" ha\"e we fared? Ha\"e we reali ed our expectations, or ha\"e \\-e failed? If thc former let u go forward with renc\\'ed zeal: if the latter. \YC must not be di courag-ecl. After all. it is b\' olir failure ,,-e learn, not hy our 'l1cce e. and a -Ie, on learnt through a faJlurc is not ea ily forgotten.

_ It mu t ha\-e been a memorable year for the Brigade. \\ as not our Head com'eyed to Bognor by men ot our ranks? DICI not we 111 London ha\"c that \yonderful duty when our King came back to II in health? And

e mel)" the public are beD-inning to kno\\- II better and to be our yery good friend. Eyeryone courteous to those \\'ho \year the black and \"hite uniform. for the\" reali e that ,,-e arc there to en-e

But has it heen all gi\"e on our part? Certainh' not. ,Yc ha\"e been \\"cll repaid hy the thank'. thc smile's and the friendlil1C' of tho.e \\e ha\"e tried to help in a time of need.

0, i ters, let It'!o?,"O hrayely fon\ ard into the "X e\\Yca r ,\-ith a fixed determination to do better and to \Yin more friends. It is up to Ll to uphold the honour of the Brig-ade for \\'e are of those that sen-c. Let 11 see that December} 193 0, finds our flag more beloYed than eyer.

PRIXCESS .:\bRY} COl"XTESS Of H_\RE\\'OOD. TO THE GLOCCE TER BR.\:\CII OF THE B.R.C.S.-It has been announced that H.R.H_ Princes .:\lan·. Countes of Hare\\ ood, has graciou ly promised to in;l)ect Gloucester Red Cross Society Y.A.D.'s at Badminton,. on Saturday, June I-hh, 1930 \\-hen. by permis ion of the Duke of Beaufort. the annual " oar Office Inspection \"ill take place. details arc yet to hand, but it is expected that a p:actical di play of Fir t Aid and Home 1\ ur ing \yill be gn-en.

Her Royal Hig-hnes' keen intere t in the mo\"Cment is well known. and it i considered that her intention to inspect this branch \yill mean a great fillip to the ,york of the in the ",Y et of England.

L\DY PERROTT .\T ing- Diyiions of J e\\-to n bll0t, Torquay and '\'ere honoured by a yi it from the Lady Supt.-in-Chief on Thursday, Noyember 7th. Accompanied by Lady County Officer ]\Irs. Bal clon she inspected the member \\"ho ,,-ere under the command of their Lady upts.-':\liss Treyenen (N e\\"ton hhot). ?llis Colliho1c (Torquay). ancl lUis' Whitehead (Paig-nton). The Torquay Cadet Di\"i ion \ya, also present) under Lady Cadet Supt. 1\Ii s Dirbeck.

Lady Perrott said that she was \"ery pleased to ee the growing interest taken in the S.].A.B. l11oyement. She urged all members to join the V_A_D. so t11at they woule! be ready to take their part in a national emergency.

During the inspection) 1\liss Collihole. Lady Sl1Pt. of Torquay Diyisiol1} recei\'ed long sen'ice medal at the hands of the Lady Supt.-in-Chief.·

LADY HOSPIT \LLERS' CLuB -This club has suffered a seve re loss by the death of 1\liss ",Y_ Kingston Nec1e, \\"h o has for seycral years acted as IIonorary Trea urer. She was also a Lady Amh. Officer of No. 1-!- (Craigs Court) Nursing Division, S.].A.B.

The on X o\"ember 21st \\"a attended by the Lady Dl. tnct upt. of Xo. 1 District, .:\Iiss Rideout, a;ld b\' many ot the decca ed lady's colleague and fellow men-ibers of the club.

BROQK' - Cu.-At a Drill Competition held 011 2, lao t among "X ur ing Di\"i ion' of Central Area, ); o. 1 DJ tnct) thc Commi ioner. Lt.-Col. F. A. Brooks. remarked that he had for ' time regretted that there \\'as no trophy for the Xur 'c s to correspond "ith the" EfficienC) Cup competed for annually hy the men of the Di trict. He \\'a quite certain that Ambulance '1 ter of to-day could load and unload a tretcher; and that they \\-ere capahle of drilling well had been demon trated that clay_

Lt.-Col. Brook ha no\\ remedied the deficienc\ he deplored pre enting a Brook' Efficiency" Cup (-0 be competed tor annually a from 1930. Team of 12 member fro111 X nr ing Diyi ions ,,-ill bc te ted in elcmentanCompany Drill and tretcher \\ork, and it is expected that there ,,-ill be keen ri\ airy among the Di\"i ion to represent their Area in the Di trict Final

CHELTEXIL\c.I

"XCRSIXG DIn - IOx. .J.A.B.-At t. Luke' Schoolroom on December 3rd. four team competed for the Diyisional hield. The illdo-e were Dr. ':\lackie for the team \york: and Dr. 'Andre\\-s (Home );ur'ing) and Dr. Concler (Fir t Aid) for the incli\"idual te t .

The teams \\-e re placed as follO\\ :-

1. A. ister Carruther L. Bro\n1. Gilbert and Pearcc. 72 marL.

2. A. Si ter Ship\yay, R. Bro\\"n. L. mith and Da\"ies. 69 marL.

3. Si tel' i\I. Bro\\"n. Caudle. PO\\'e ll ane! orderoy, 6-!- marks.

-!-. A. Colle\- Dent. Ta\"lor and Da\ies. 57 mark. - -

In the indi\"icluaJ k'l::: the enior Cup \\"ent to .:\lr5. \\"ith 116, and the Junior Cup to ':\Ii Caudle with 117 marks.

The trophies were \"Cry kindly presented by ':\lr5_ .:\Iackie, the Lady Supt. of the Diyi ion and Commandant of the ",T.A.D

The j l1dge pointed out that the \\"ork on the whole \\"a yery good. 0111e lllcn:ber did not get doml to their \\-ork a quickly as they might. The junior had done wry \\-e ll indeed.

.T.A.B. CmlPETITIOXS AT EAST H,\c.L-The Edith \Vard ;, Challenge ,ya competed for on aturday. Noyember 23rcl. at Ea t Ham. The entrants \yere from )Jur ing Diyi ions of East Ham. "- est Ham. Ilforcl. Barking and Dagenham.

Lt.-Col. Brooks, ::\I.D Commissioner of No. 1 District, judged the tea;n ::\1r. S. J. \\-arren, A st. CO\11mis ioner of ",Ye tern Area} the \"i\-a 'oce: Dr. K. Lund. l\I.B., County Surg-eon, Central Area, the indiyidual practical: and l\Iiss Rideout. Lauy District upt. the uniforms.

The marks allotted were as follow :-Ilford. ",Vest Ham. 330}: East Ham. 3211; Dagenham, 320}.

The Commi sioner asked Mrs. Edith " -ard to pre eut the trophy she had g-iyen to the winning team, and then he himself pre en ted thc indiyidual cup to the yariOll Divisions. They were as fo11o\\' :-

1:..l1st 11l1l1l.-'l he _' oble Papworrh Cup ior efficiency in Fir [ A:d, A S. :'lrs. \Yooiiord; rhe Alderman Dayie Cup for in Home _' ursil1g; A.':::. :'lr \Yooliord; the Edil:h \\'ard Ro -e Bm\'! ior Improri-ing: _-\.':::. :'li . Harri:..

Trest Hom.-Trophy ior Fir'[ Aid, A._. :'li-s Barkillg.-Trophy ior Home _'urmg: :'li \ \' eller.

The Florence Adam-on Rose BO\y] for the competitor training the highe t marks in the arternoon' competition was \"011 by A.S. :'lr :'1cGrane (Dagenham)

Long erYlce medals \\'ere al a pre ented to Lady ':::upt. :'lrs. Richard-: Brigade Re en'e; late of :'lanor Park IJi\'i ion; L.A.O. :'lr. Ogih'ie. Ea -t Ham Di\'i ion:

L.A.O. :'li 5 \Yealth\,. Lenon_LOne Di\'ision: A_. :'1i Howe IIiord Diyi.::{on. -

Ho, 'OCR FOR THE L-\DY CPERL'TEXDE:\T, OCTHEXD _ 'crI:\'G DIn -IQ:\, S.J.A.B.-The Lady upt. oi thi Di\'i ion ,,'a- im'eted with the dignity of en'ing Sister of the \'enerable Order or rhe Ho pital of Sr. John oi 1eru alem. by Lord carboroug-h. rhe ub-Prior. on Friciay: ::\oycmber 22nd.

Do:\"c.-\-TER _ 'L'RSE- \-1 IT LoxDO:\.-On ':::aturda\'. _'oyember 16th) a party oi Officer and iter of the Danca ter _ 'ur ing Diyi ion, .J.A.B., paid a yi it to the London Hospital for the purpose or attending an ambulance lecture giYen by Amb. Officer Harri_. The pany was receiyed in the di ecting room and the lecturer tated that a near a po' ible he \\'ould confirm to the Text book. By drawings and actual specimen :'1r. Harri tres ed the salient point to bc memorised by the First Aider and student of anatomy. The lecture wa yery intere ting, and came to an end all too soon. A yi it to the hospital mu eum pro\'ed yery instructiye, and the nurse all agreed that a yery intere ting and enjoyable time had been spent.

" COOPER" Ct;P CQ}1PET1TIO:\", B.R e. S.-The fir t round of this competition took place at outhampton on October 16th, \yhen 16 teams from yariou parts of the County compcted. Of these, Petersfield (Hants -+6), Christchurch (Hant 196), Portsmouth (Hants 12), and Southampton (Hants 90) qualified for the final) and met on ::\oyember 9th at \Yinchester, to decide the W1l1ner.

The tests \ycrc in Fir t Aid and Home ::\ ursing, and points were al a giYen for correctne S and smartness of uniform, the latter being included this year for the first time. There were indiyidual tests in each subj ect as ,,'ell as team ,\,ork. The judges \\'ere, First Aid, Dr. Balgarnie and :'1r. B. H. Pidcock) ;'I.B.: B.S .) F.Re. .; Home )Jursing, :'liss Harrison, ;,Iatron of the \\'inche ter College Sanatorium) qnd :'liss \\'right of the \\-inn Road X ursing Home. Southampton: Cniiorms, :'1rs. Broderick, Commandant, \Yilt . B.Re.

After the competition, the mark wcre announced as follows :-

Christchurclz.-Home X ursing, 61; First Aid, 61; Cniforms, 20 Total, 1--1-2.

Portsmolltll.-Home X ursing, 73; First Aid" 50; 'Cniforms, 18. Total 1--1-1.

Southa111ptoJl.-Home X ursing, 66; First Aid, 51; Uniforms, 18. Total, 135.

Petersfield.-Home i\ ursing, 66; First Aid, 46; Uniforms, 18. Total, 130.

In declaring the results, :'1r. 110ray \\-illiams: O.B.E , County Director, referred to the closenes of the competition between Christchurch and Portsmouth Had the latter taken a little more care oyer their uniforms they would have been the winners. They had, howeyc r , held the Cup beforc, and hc knew would not grudge it to Chri s t ch urch, who would now be n v ited to defemi the.

AID. Decem ber, 1929.

honour of Ha npshlfc at he Sranley Shidd Competi,i0l1 .; London next

Each jud,;e :;aye brier remarks on the \\'ork. giYing' at the 'ame tIme yaluable adyice. :'Ii _ poiwt:J out ho\\' dependent each member or he team ,\'a ('11-i1 others . Ii one ,,'ere _IO\\' and ncryou.::. the "hole tea ..:uffered in consequence.

The Cowlle s of :'1alme .bu ry graciou Iy pre_enred :ht Cup and :'1edal - C,he \\'a: delighted that Chri,tchu,c;i ,,'ere he "'inners. she ha\'ing been "ice-Pre-idenr at -b.: Diyi ion before becoming- Count\' President. hope. ho\\'eyer, that the iormer hoider : Bartley. \"ho we.( his year beaten in the preliminary ro 1.111 d: \\'ould eme, ano her year and again become sncce --fu l.

DOR_ET "\-._ .D. CmIPETITIO:\'::.-For the iourLh Y( i in succession Ferndown lDor et --1-[)) haye \\'on the Batten Trophy at rhe annual competitiow org-ani ed rhe B.Re.S. Three team - competed ror thi Cup. he being- open to compo_ed of member- "'ith a;1Y leng-th of en'ice.

The marks a\\'arded were :-FerndO\yn. 2;-0; ter :'1ar - hall: 2--1-3: ,\'anage 222. The tOtal po ible \\'a. 325. The udg-e "ere Lt.-Col. H. e. idg'\"ick. R.A.:'I.C" :'1.0. ot the Dar et Depot :'Ii_s K \Yil'on. 'Blandi rd. alld :'Ii E. Hill: ::\Iarron oi the Dar et County Ho_pi tal. Thc Ilche rer Cup Competition wa ' held on the day. Thi i open to ream- oi member \yith les than fiye year - en'ice. and b\' a curiou coincidence turmin_tcr hall here beat by 27 mark. rhu renrS II1.! the po ition of the two fir t team in the' enior competilion. The judO'es for the test were Col. :. H. \Yith erR.A.:'I.C. C:'I.G :'li Hancock. and ter Yardley.

Dame Beryl OliHr attended. and yery kindly preented the a,,,ard. \ya accompanied by Codrington, A t. ecretan' at Headquarter - the of and Col. G. R. Tad. County Director.

After congratulating the co'mpetitOrs on the fine di.-play they had giyen Dame Beryl said he wi _hed partinlarly to say ho\\' plea ed he wa to ee the ad,'ance maGe on la t year in the matter of uniform. That \\a ' pecial proyince and he con ide red it most important thai ('yen' nur e _ho uld appear smart in her uniform and thai: it h'ould be correct in eycry detail. he had heard with plea ure that there ,,'e re a - number of recruit - in the County. he appealed for more .mobile memb_e!. At present there \"ere only 20. and thelr quota \yas ,J. In propo ing a yote of thank to Dame Beryl and l.1dge . Lady Ilche ter mentioned the amount . l " 'o rk put in by Col. Tad. the County Dlrector. S,'e heartily congratulated FerndO\\'ll on once again winni ·'.., the :'1ount Batten Cup.

SALOP \ T.A.D. CO)IPETITIO:\".-Eight teams competld on Saturda\', ::\0\'C111ber 16th, at t. :'lary·s Hall. hr e\"..;hun', for the Y.A.D. Challei1gc Shield. They compri ':l hre\YSbun'Red Cro t\\'o team from :'1aclelcy S J..\ .F" two teams - from "\\'hitchurch Red Cros : h\'o teams frur1 \Vem Red Cross and a team from Ludlo,,- Red Cr oss. Indi"idual tests giyen in First Aid and Home ::\ ursinO' and each team had to treat ca es from a uppo cd accident.

The \yinners ,nre \ Yem Red Cro with 2891: the runners-up being \ Yhitchurch Red .Cros with.275;1 marks. The judges were Col. J. F 1IaJor Cram of the "\Vestern Command, and s BedlI1 o'field, :'1atron of the Royal Salop Infirmary.

In presenting the Shield to the. Cro s Col. :'1artin congratulated them on aga1l1 \\,l11nll1g troph}. He "as pleased to say that there was a marked llnprOy ement in the work of the competition generally.

Among those present were :\Tr. \V. S\\'ire, Coun ty Cont r oller of V.A.D.s and County Directo r R.R.CS : C ol.

E. C ur eto n ) A sst. Co un ty Co n r oller; and l\1i s s Sh ore,

Decem b e r , 1929 FIR S T

Coumy Secre ary. Tea \\'a yery kindly proyided b\' he Commandant and member' oi he \Yem Red

STRETFORD HOSPIL\L \york in \yhich

B.R.C S. member- 111 the neig-hbourhood are yen' inere-ted i_ the prepo_ed extenslOn or he S'retiord hos'lit-al so Lhat men may be treated there as "ell as ,,'omen

• In 191--1- he Old Trah') rd Diyisional Committee of the secured Ba:ford House and opened it as a ho:al with 2l) beds. By he time It closed in _-\pril. 1919. lL nwnber of bed_ had been increased to b:. The ho_pital • a - ;:hen taken oYer by the County Committee oi the East Lanes. Branch oi the B.Re.S ,,-h o u-ed it 0 accommodare - men. The" added a General \Yard and :arge iems'

In 192.:- there \\'as another chan;·e. The buildin..,:· "'as ')OL,ghr by the :rreti ord \Yar :'1emorial Public ::\ ursine: 5eryice. he B.R.e. -. g-iying £ 1:000 to\"ard' the price and it \"a.:: l:ufl1ed into a ho-pital ror ,,'omen. It i- no'" desired hat the en'ice- oi the competent i' l1'1rary taff should he ayailable ror all the population Srretford regardkss of ex and 0 a floral bazaar \ya.:: on ::\ oyem],er 22th. "'ith the object of ±:': .O(IO. at lea:t. to proyide the extra accommodatioIl needed

A LoxDo:\, RO.\D ",ER'-ICE.-:J1i_ :'1an· \Yllliams ,,,ho posseS_lS a small car. has org-anised a \I)luman' r oad accident _en'ice consi_ ring- of g.irls wh o haye been trained llur e- or a_ "\ -._-\.D.· He'r car carries a complete Fir t Aid outfit. and a chemical fire .xrin!!ui-her-ior she kno\\- ho\\' mam' car.:: fail to carn the latter. ",he and her helper- patrol the road- round L ndon and rLnder First _-\id to those im'oh'ed in accir:Uli:: \\'hom the\' ellcoumer 011 their" beat."

:'Iiss \\'Illiams c011"iclers that there are man\' \\'ome11 \, ho han' rcceiyed a full nur e" training' and 'yet hay\:, not the phy.::ique ior ho:pital ,york or perhap , not the time tor it. These would probahly be quire "'illing to or rheir time to work of this -ort and so be of rlat yaluc to their fello\\' men.

That _ ueh a erY1Ce i needed the S. T.A.B. ha 10m.: decided. and mall} member.:: spenu their \\eek-end ,trolling the country roads rend ering- all possible ,t.::.::is ance to tho e \\'ho haye met \"ith an accident.

Items (Divi ional news and compelition c s('cial, interesting dutie s, lectu r es, etc.), for this page should be sent to Ambulance s'st er, c/o T he E ditor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon S I. L onden, E. C.4

Meritorious First Aid.

IT is our pri"ilege to record from time to ti me ca e of exceptionally meritorious fir t aiL! treatment which ha,'e con1e to notice , but eldom , howe"er , haye we the opportunity of reporting one w hich more clearly demon trates the "alue of ambulan e kno\yledge -o r: so c1ea rl :- empha i e tho e eig'ht attributes of the fir t - aide r as laid do \\'n i n the offic ia l textboo k , name ly-ob en-ation, tacL , r esourse, dexte r ity , sympathy, per -e, erance , discrimination and e x p l ic itne A ll the e qua l ifications w ere req uired and adm irably exem pI ified to the benefit of the victims of thi - tre- ing ac ident under not i o quote from the IS. u of tip Great TVNtenz Ra/b('a)1 :-

A I D.

_-\ t prai_e\yorthy cOlllbina-ion oi k1:1. and pa lence, in pracri.:al first-aid "as re\,eakt'- In i.\\) o.f the. Grear R2il\\'ay Lo :>l.,'111 COllneClOn WIth a marine acclden- at Xc\\'p on \_\:lXandra Dock) on July :rd.

A - 3.4: on hat murnin...:. i explo.:ill1:; ('curred on a French sh;p. the 5.: C,piraine B I1t::I." };1 consequence or <tn n of ;.:3.':: 111 he hold. The noi_e 0::: -he Lxpl osion- brollg-l!t lllYl'sti.." ti)Jl 11' member- of the Company's Docks Depa. illt'lll 'r tht';l on du'y. and i \\ as found ha- three French s.,d rs 11<HI been -erioush' burnt.

Althou o 'l1 there \\ a.: imminent d.'ln",l r or fur hl r explo ions. in fear at which he unltlck: ship \\'a:; almos de-erred. and in spite of cln.rknes: conillsl n. :'lr. Ferciyal Thomas. \\ ho is a h'list!l]"l1 ar II ,is: _' . L'. : \lexandra Doc].;:. aL once se to \y'wk' rL':eYL 'ht stlltl.'ring- oi in,;ured men :'1r. IS Cl 11pe ent to underLake "-ork or 'his hl:1 11!11-"n,dl being in po.::.:ession of the Great \\ 'tSll:-n R:1i 1 \\';1\' Company's gold medal aIll1 bar for 20 \ e(lr '" ,"lhu'ancc efficiency. He p, ys g-enC'rous hO\\'t\'l r. t() the aSSIstance giyen [0 him :Jlr. _-\. T. 0\\ en. \\ \w. although not himself trained in worke 1 c(lolh' and intelligently under lI1r. Thomas's sllpcr"isioll. in prl;panng dre.::sings and helping g·cnerally.

All three oi he French sailor' \\'ere extensi\·I.'I\· burnt. and one or thl.'111 in particular \Y.!. 111 a e lt1C:11 cOlldition. tissue haYim blen torn ir0111 11l.1ny par,s oi h13 body: there \\'as al:o some hemorrh::e:!I.'.

:'1r. Tho llas first remoyed the in jured III 1.11 to the \\'armth of the engine room to a\'oio lurtht r shock. and there he began a skilful aIllI extulsiye :1pplicatioll or :.lppropriate dre::_ing·s.

Some ide.1 of hl lXlln' lif \\'ork donl' h\' :'Ir. Thnlll:lS. with the help of :'11'. O\\ll1. will bc gained' ihl.' iace _hat o yer fourLcl.'n pOllnus of cOitOn \\ 001 used in thl drl.'.:sil1,,!·. and that t\\'O or t 11.' thrte patillU: \\ ere COlllpletel}' em'eloped fr0111 hLad ,0 ioot.

The efficicnc\. rhorom,!·hne:s. nd :pel.'d "hiel1 the hrst aill trcat!llcIlt are best testified 1", the doctors. into " 'hose C:1re the .::ealllcn \\ L'rc lI1 giyen. Dr.- Ll. HUf\\'ich. oi rhe Royal eill \\Tites :-

The expedition \\-i[h \\"hich the case.:: \\ ere re1110ycd to hospital and the \'cry adequate dressing' ('Ii the burns. not only contributed much 0 tIle co nfnrr of the injured men. bur also helped tll prl "em any complications. :'1r. Thomas's conduct oi he situation \\'as entireh' sati _'faetory ."

Dr. G. R H. Hughe:: ot \Yoola.::t on HOl1.:e Infirmary. \\rirc' :-

The trearment \\'as on up-tO-date lines. and so sati factory that I found it unnecessan to alter it tOf some days'aiter the patients' admissioil."

Another fact 1,le!l,iOlled by Dr. Hughes is that :'11'. Thomas was 1110, use flll to the nursing' staff. in that hL kne\\' 'ufficienr French to act as an intelligent interprelt'r. \\-e are sure that our !'eaJers will glo\\' "ith prilk III the Great \\'estern amilubnce IllOyement a.:: :1 \yh o1e. :tnd in the plucky. patient. and efficient sen jCl'S of Thomas and O\\'CI1 to these threc _'ea faring yisirors tll our ,hores. Kipling might \wll be adapted., " For there is ncither Ea_ t nor \ \ est Border. nor hreed. nor birth.

\ \'hen pain and skill stand tace to face Though they COIllC from the ends of thc earth."

The l)f thL' .\mbu1.1ncL' TL'am. \'hil'h appeared in l1ur \\;1" kindly loancd LIS b) the Editt)r l1f tile L. :\ 1.

Red Cross

BeRY -T , En:m:xn-,-:'lo-t creditable proficiency \ya hown b\' the competitor- in the county competition or the Branch or the British Red Cro" held in the Athenceum Bury t. Edmund' ) on :aturday and a reature was the uccess reO'i tered by Bury t, Edmund' detachment., ior the town carried off both the men's and the women's challenge cup) and they ,\,ere the reClpient at warm congratulation rrom Lady Leucha \\-arner (pre'ident of the ociet)'), \yho di tributed the award, and remarked upon the high markinO' which the competitor had ecured.

The Athencewn presented a busy scene throughout the day: and the excellent general arrangement had been carried out by :'1r. T, :'laitland \Yilson, C.B,E, (County Director), and :'Ir , Shann: O,RE, (A i t , County Director and ecretary), The judge ,,'ere :-Co1. \Y. R Good\\'in Ea t Ani;lian Area). :'lajor Steycn on (-lth Di,-i ion Headquarters: Colehe rer), :'1aJor L. Dunbar ( -lth Diyi ion Headquarters: Colchester). Dr. J. Ru h,\'orth Lund ( outh\yold), Dr. J. R Dobbin (Ix\yorth),. Col. A, D, \\-aring- (BurY Edmund' ). Dr. R \Y, Rix (Sudbury)

Dr. \\"-, Redpath ( \\-oodbridge). Dr. C. :'1. Billington

Dr. B. E. A, Batt (Bury -t. Edmund' ).

Dr. :'1. :'1ottram (B1L\:hall: towmarket). :'1i :'1. E, Jane. RRC. (E -ex County Hospital. Colehe ter), :'Ii s G.

:'1og-gach. RRC. (Addenbrooke Ho pital. Cambridge)

:'li s G , Cracrott (EYClyn :\"ur ing Home. Cambridge).

:'1i .:\1. G, Kennedy p11litary Ho pital. Colehe ter}. ::'1i

:'lerriman, RR.C. (Ea t Suffolk and Ipswich Ho pital).

:'lrs. Jack on (:\" oriolk and:\" orwich Ho pital. :\" of\yich).

H. R. Gadd: D, .0.: :'1.c. ( uffolk Regiment, Bury St. Edmund's), \\-ilkins on (St. Leonard's Ho pital. '': udbury). and :'1r Harker (County Director. :\" oriolk Branch, RRC.S,).

:\" ur iog tore ,yere L1pplied by the ::'1atron at the \Ye t Suffolk Ho pital. fir t-aid tore by the Red CroOffice, and scholar from the Feoffment Boys' chool (Head :\la ter, :\1r. \Y, tubbing) acted at patient :\Ii D, Palmer and :'Ir. H, A, :\1anning ,,-ere in charge of the records.

The judge- a\\'arcled the tollo\\'ing mark in the minor competitions :-

\Yomen: Fir t-aid.-::'1i s Ph\'llis ::.ra h. uffolk 26. 310 (maximum 3r); :'1iss O. Brya11t: uffolk 18,. 305; ::'1r Grimke-Drayton) uffolk 2, 298Q.

Home :\"ursinR.-= Ii s Beryl Ackroyd. uffolk 26, (maximum 325): Llrs. Billington Suffolk 2, and :'1rs. Hempstead, uffolk 60, 313.

Invalid Taylor . uffolk 2, S7Q (maximum 113) : ;'Irs. Siddolls Suffolk 2, 103.

Poisonous Gases .-:\Irs \\ -i lkin on, uffolk 2) - 71; :'1iss ]. Snell, Suffolk 2, 5H '

:'1en: First-Aid, maximum 3r.-Bury St. Edmund's. IS, :'1r. "\y, Shaw, 239; ::'1r. R. Steggles, 218, and ::'1r. F, Bridge, 165

I>El',\CI-DIEXTS.

\V omen (maximum 2,150),-Bury (Suffolk 18 ), 1,762, 1 Sudbury ( uffolk -+ ), 1 627, 2; Stowmarket ( uffolk 90), 1,559, 3.

;'Ien.-Bury St. Edmund's (Suffolk 5) 97-+ (maximum 1,120), 1; South",old (Suffolk 35, team 2), 883, 2; South\"old (Suffolk 35, team 1), 807, 3.

Lady Leucha \Yarner, before pre the cups and medals, added her congratulation to the \\-inner and said that preparation for those eompetiti()l1s illYoh'cd a great deal of " 'ar k) but the competitor had pro\'Cd t h at it was worth \\'hile) for the standard oi mark attained v,'a'

Ne7US.

exceptionally The t\\-O \\'inning - \\ Ll:' compete in the -econd round of the ,-,taniLy :::.hle1d a::" .. other co untie -. Lady Leucha hoped hat they "ould the final round ror all En O'land and \\'in that too.

Lad\- Leucha \Y arner \\'a cordially thanked for rributing: the a\\'ard on the propo ition of Lady ::'l ag'lay. seconded by :'lr "\Y ilkin on

C.-0IBRIDGE.-The annual meetinQ' or the Cambri -hi re and I Ie of EI" Branch of the Briti 'h Red oeiet" wa - held at the Guildhall. CambridQ'e. on :\" LIDber ,-

DurinO' the proceedinO'. ,,'hich \\'Cre chiefly den)ted to recei"in o the "ariou reports: the Lord Lieuten ant oi the County eu10gi cd the plendid ,york carried on by e "\ -oluntary A.id Detachment ::'1rs. Adeane (Pre-ident) ,\'a - in the chair, suppor ell Re". C F. TO\\'llley (County Director). :'lajor-General Hendley, ::'LD. (Coumy Controller). ::'Irs. R: .2,'a.t (Branch Hon, :\1r. C. R. \Y, Adeane (Lord •. A.ld, :'1. Y. ( \Yebber. ::'Ir -. Pryor. ::'1i' Ga..:hll. :'lrs. 'Cthwatt. Cook. ::.'1r. H, S, :'Ir - BuckL.' l. "\li Tenyn :'1i E. TennlS. :'1r. L. Tarman. :'1L. C. Froho ck. -::'1i G. O·B.- H"odie. :'Ii-- Rowley and s.: Tohn on -

The County Director reponed that during' the qua:-ter ended 30th the Cambridg-e ambulance- had CO llyeyed 68 patienL: tra"elling- 1.502 miles. The co.:t OT maintenance wa £70 125, Gd.: the payment - by patient. being' £61 195. 6d.

DurinO' the year irom :\"owmher 1 t, 1928. to Octobe, 31 t. 1929.the ambulance had com'eyed 2'/9 pati\:I1t5. and had tranllecl oYer 8.000 miles, The total co::;t aT maintenance or the amhulances amounted to cIoe on :1::360. and rcceipr -. subscriptions, ot £26 10 to the ambulance fund. \\'ere in all £327,

The Committee recommended that once again a c.te of thanks be accorded to the member' of Camh . 13. \\ ho had accompanied the amhulance and to the [\\'0 ladle. ,,-ho had dri\'en the ::'Iorri -Cc)\\'ley amhulance \\'hen rt:qui red.

::'1r. Adeane. a - Chairman or the Cambndgeshlre and Isle of Ely Territorial A .sociation aiel he rccogni ed that they \\-e re under a great debt to a'll the laelic and gult1cmen of the Red Cro ociety for carrying on the work of the Primarily. he belieyed, the Territorial Forces' A sociation \ya re pon ible ior that duty. but a' a body they w e re quite incompetent to out the. wo k, and they \\'ere permitted hy the \Y ar Office to hand It oyer to the Red Cro

The re-election of :;\11' , Adeane a Pre ident \\'as propo ed by :\Irs, Pryor and. Ald. seconding, :ecalled that he had occupIed the posItIon tram the beQ'lllninO' and she \yas to he regarded a_ one of the great of the British Empire, Th e Han. Branch ecretary and the other officers, \\,lth the Executiye Committee., \\'ere formally re-appointed, CIIELTEXII,\::\I.-The Cheltenham Red Cro detachment had a ceremonia l parade on \Y ednesclay, X 20th, to mark tIle occa ion of the pre entation to the menllnit of a challenge sll ielcl hy ':\1r H. O. Lord, who has heen a gTcat friend of the Reel Cro:.s Society for many cars,

- Headed h\' their bugle Daml, lhe marched to the Drill Hall, where the ,,'o men s detClchllH.:'lll had already assembled. The men numbereel ahout sixty, and

December, 1929, FIR S T

aiter entering' the the:: lined up ro: in 'pectio n by _ the Do\\'ager Duche at Beautort: who arrl\'ed 'hartl y betore o'clock with ::'Irs. L ord. Her Grace: \\'ho ,,'a met by Dr. T. :., Robin 011 (Commandam or the detachment), :'li:s Ratcliff. J.P O.RE. ("ice-Pre'ident or the Lheltenham Dlst rict), ::'1r.-, A_, G, " -ant (Di -t rict HOll. Secretary): and "III:: AJlen (County Director). \\'alked through the lines i the detachment which \\'as dra\Yl1 up under the command of ::'I ajor BowIe E,-an- (:\s i'r. Commandant) and Oua rtennaster oak. and atter\\,ard - ascended the platt'Or111. where :'li Ratcliff presided at the pre. entation ceremony

In welcoming' the Duchess and al-o ::'lr • Lord a - old of the Red Cro - :'li - - Ratcliff the Duche-- \\'as their fir -t president and \\a- still their president to-day. a - they hoped -he ,,'ould be ror man: vcar to come. while :'lrs. Lord \\a - their first "ice-pre -ident , and \\'ho, by her pre 'ence there that ni<>-ht and by her 1110-t g'enerow g-iir., had ho\\'n that had not 10.:t an\" or her imere..:t either in the Red lross or in (lleltenham,

:'11'-, Lord haying' pre -ented the shield. the Dm\ager Duche - at Beauron handed the troph:-- to Dr. Robinson. the Commandant and in a brier and graceful speech -a id tieir thank- \\'Cre due to :'Irs. Lord for her g'enerou - girt.

Dr. Robinson: in accepting: the hield on behali of the c.tachme nt. -aid the trophy would not only be of great \ ,,'ue to them; but would act a - a double encouragement.

Thank were extended to the Duche::- for h<::- offices and \\'\)rds ot

OXFORD,-Lady :'1a on presided at a meeting' nr the Oxrord ' hire branch of the Red Cross ociety at the (0UI1t \' Hall on Friday, :\" oyember 22m!.

It- \\'a - reported that the ambulances had been taken I)Lf b\' the ,-arion- local bodies. so that the .: cien: \\ 'a - no longer resp on -ihle ior them. A - a re _ult ()' publicity. a number oi people had offered themseh'e..: blood tran fll-ion. and had heen grouped and i'u.:i -te red, Great credit \\as due to the Royer ScOut::. as .;c many of them had yolunteered. \\'ith the re -ult that a Rood iran tu ion - en'ice had be'en e'tahli hed, and wa.: ,tclmini tered b\' the Radcliffe Infirmary. thu- ensuring e"en' care- w as taken. -

The "r epo r t ,,-em 011 ro 'tate that the Pre'ident had rLcei\'ed a letter ot thank' from the Duke of York for the -llppo rt the Council of the Briti -h Red Cro ;::; ocie ty and the Oxford hire Branch had g-inn to the appeal tor the reliei of the di -t ressed areas, :\1i - - Burchardt resigned the position of County Secreta n and ::'1i Bliss \\'h o has acted a- a::-i-tam treasure r fa; the past year) ;\'as elected to the \'acancr,

The officer ,,'e r e re-elected en bloc) \\'ith the addmon of :\li s Burchardt as a "ice-president. and :'1iss Tubb taki ng- the place oi :'Ir - Tub]) on the Finance Com,mittee.

Lady E\'elY11 :;\1 aso11 referred to a scheme tor, the erec tion of fir -t-aid po ts on the dang-crOll: part: ot the road in Oxf ordsh ir e, and aid lhat the Chief Constahle at Oxfordshire had sent a letter on the _ubj ect.

Dr. Gardner aid that they \\' ere really in the clark as to \\'hat \\'a required. It \\'a a " ery matter sin ce the death r ate on the road - \\' <1 - 1l1crea mg. The re ponsibilily for the accidents, hm\'Cyer rested on a ccrt,li n class of m o tori t who \\' a - indiff ere n t to ot h er people's comfo rt. The erection of first-aid post ,\'ould im"o lYC an expend iture of two or three and they had a balance in hand of only £83, £2.:1 of whIch had been ea r-marked for the clinics, t the conclusi o n 0 f the meeting Dr. Cardner said the r e was a tendency to make Y. D. \y ork more Cll1llmore oi a cience. T l1r ing' h o \\'<.'\'e r, was an art. and ho\\,eyer "oo d a nul' e mio'ht b e sh e \\'a not a doctor. The ,\'as to training more a nclm o re like

A I D. lSi

that or a medical student \\'ho was e\'UHUaUy to bt'come a dOCEOr. -

\\ 'EST finals oi the \\ 'L:,t Rld11l!.!: Y._\ .D, Cup Competition..: \\ ere held a the HarL\\ ood Barracks. Let:d ' 011 urda\'. :\"m'e111ber Frd. at he close oi which Lady Brooksbank -l)resemed the cup' and medals, -ir Edward Brook-bank. B, Chainnan oi thL loin:: Coullcd. ,,'ho pn: -idLd: rererred \\ ith regr et to thL' :1.bsLl1ce or L ad\' Hare\\'uod rrom their anIlllal ..... \\ h \\'hich s-he had long associated hersdi. and-altered the be;,t \\'ishe ot the to Lalh' Harewood in hL'r 11l'\\' re-idence in London. -

Bri!:,!'adier-General \\ ' :'a1l<hs. Co un " Con roller. referrino' the competition - aid that the pa t ylLir had heen one at progres '. and although the l1tlln')l.r: in the \-.:\.D. during the last ..:ix month' showed no increase. they lip in the direction.

Lol. "\Year: repl rtino!,- rur the stated tha an excellent ::tandard \\ a: show11 In- the eam..:-a stand:lrd 111uch hi!!her thall that of la' year or the "ear heiorl'. \ ,otc at thanks \\ as proposed h: the CL1Unty ClH1troller to Lad\' Brooh.sbank. \\ ho \\ as pre -enred \\'i h a bouquet by one or the nur..:es.

The re::ults \\'ere as iollo\\ s :\Y omen,-1. Y,A_.D. '/8th 23: .2. \' \.D 20-tth \Y omb\"ell. '/b.:S: 3. ;-2th LLeds. '/3.2: -to 2th Ripo;l '/:.'/ l11c1fk:. :'lell-1. Y.A D. ;-'th ,0: 2, '-,A,D. "Lh \\-orsb oromd1 "B" Te<tl1l. II! marks.

Tunior "\\' omen.-l. Y,A.D. :\"0, .2 \\',tkdield. 00; ,/'th Lecd.-. '/'/. S; :. -\.D. 20-t h \\- 0l11b\\ ell. 12.8S: -t o \ - -\ .D. 102nd b3.,3 111,lrks.

Tllnior :'11."11.-1: ,D. SQth Elsecar. 2. \ -._ .n. :\ 0, -1 "\Y akefield. marks.

Reviews.

TH E T-\ :\ \' C _-\CI D TR E_-\. T\l E :\ T 0 F li L' R:\ B\' " '. C. " -il,;oll :\1.B., F.R.l. His Offic.:'. P,.;'(c'IS. J/d. '

I n last issue \\'e pullisheu an article l111 -clid::- L1nd Burns a - it appeared in Tile Tt'IIl t's; since (hen \\'e h,1\'(' recei\'ed frL)m the Research CL1uncii a C\.1py d (he ,1bo\'e pamphlet. This pamphlet _14 pages L)t intere -ti no- matter, e,;recialh' as the suhjec( I'; c\.1ntn1\'erslal.

The are as' follo\\'" Cl1urse ,1nd P atholog'y: Principles of Treatment tfour stage,;) ; Tannic _ \ cid T ;eat111en of a series of 117 cases: R esults of the In\'estig'ation : -\n ah'sis l1t R esults; ollciusions on the dlecl T annic. \ cid Tre at111t'nt : _\ppli cation L)f the Tre,ltm ent to _ pheres outside Hospitals: the Treatment; R eferences; .-\ppend1:\: - The l'lr::;t Aid Treatmen t of Burns h' Tannic -1. cid, B\' the foregoing: reader::; ",ill nNe t/1,lt the subjet't has been d ealt and the I.'\.st of the w\.)rk i::; well \\"L)rth the sma li outlay.

It is not p'os - ibk us tL) gin' an accoulll llL're lhL' man\ ' instances 1.1f the 'Ipp lic atil)n tallnil' but the artie'le ill our pre\'ioLls issue \\'L1uld be sufficicnt indic;1til)n It) those intere ted, ------. --. -

\ t a confL'rcnCL' S lIll1llWIl CU thL' l1f Sh etllt lu (. \ld crl1lan C. \\ '. Heard,de:): ,Ind held ::1 h e lli eld To\\ 11 Hall l111 D el'. btll, to conSider tIll' qUl'Stll)11 ot road accidL'nts, it \\' as unaninwL1sly de cidl'd ll) fl)rlll a ll)cal " afcty First" Cl1Lln ci l.

Queries and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules ;-

I. -Letter3 containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addresse d -FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C.4.

2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cu from the current issue of the J()urnal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue

3.- The Textbook, to which refelence msy be made in columns is the 38th 1I928) Edition of S J. A. A. Manual of First Aid.

HO;\IE OFFICE EYE DROPS.

.-\. :\1. (Walton.on - :\aze). - I would like to suggest that the Home Ofl1ce Eye Drops No 1 should ha\-e a rnore general u se in Ambulance Brig::tde Stations, as I find they gi\-e mo t atisfactory re ult. In many cases of foreign bodie embedded in eye I ha\-e instilled 2 or 3 drops bet\\-een the eyelids, closed the eye gently and tu rned away to prepare dressing. On returning I ha\ 'e often found the foreign body floating around in the lower lid, although the eye had not been touched ,,-ith brush or s\\-ab. Beyond lem' ing a slightly oily film o\,er the eye, the drops in my experience cause no incOl1\'enie nce and deaden pain considerably. I also use Eye Drop s :\ o. 1 after neutrali s ing carefully acid and alkali burns of the eye before sending patient to hospital.

:'[aIlY thank for letter relating your personal experience, \\ hich is most instructiye and interesting. \\'hile the Cocaine in Eye Drops :\ o. 1 undoubtely contributes to resting the eyeball by relief of pain, it can hardly be credited with the po\yer of di embe dding impacted foreign bodies. :'Iost probably the eyelid, as result of the action 0 Cocaine, is able to brush out foreign bodies \\'hich are lightly attached to eyebal1.-1\'. CORBET FLETClIER

EX L\JIX.-lTlOX HO\\ LER.

:\I.D. (London).-The amazing 110\\"ler about" the pulse" published in No\'ember issue of FIRST AID to illY memorya imilar mi take. In a Nursing examinatio;l I once asked a candidatp \..-bat was the normal relations hip bet\,'een pulse and respiration. You may well imagine my amu ement ",hE n the candidate replied ;"Pe1'spiratz'on compand witlz pulse is rOIl/rld)' to .;..1" :\ eedless to add, I did not plough the candidate. Good! i\ ext, please! !- N, C. F.

TRE,\DIEXT OF COXTL'SED \\ TOCXD"

C. O. (Penarth).-Please tell me what is the correct treatmcnt of a bruise \\"ith broken skin. Cold water in summer time is difTi c ult to obtain and may cause septic infection if unsterilised. \\'ould \\"itch hazel, e\'aporat in g lotion or tincture of arnica cause any damage if they got into the wound? -\t prescnt am using hot fomentations.

/\. bruise with broken sk in is called in the Textbook (p. 91) a "contused wound" and should be treated as set out on pp. 92 -97 . The remedies named would probab ly do no harl1l ; but \..-hy mess ahout with any \\"ound ?-I\. C.-F.

FRACTCRES OF BOTI I LEGS.

J. G. (Huddersfield) - At a recent Brigade practice the question arose as to the correct treatmEnt of Simple Fractures of hath leg·s. \Vc could not agree as to

A I D. D ece m b e r, 19 29.

\\·hethel- we should bandage both 10\\'er limb together llr not, and submit the point for your ruling Of course you should bandage both injured limb after having treat d each a laid down in Te xtbook (p. 76) " The fixation thus affor ded , though not so good as if one limb \\-ere unbroken, is ne\'ertheless \ aluable in tpnd_ ing to pre\"en aggra \'ation of i nj urie -N. C. F.

TREATi\IE;\;T OF FRA CTCRED

SPIXE

J. C. (Small Heath).-.-\t a Brigade practice rec ently \\'e had a friendly discussion about the treatment of Fractured Spine, more particularly about the instruction o. 1 a to remoyal to shelter.

I contended th::tt the boards suggested for "tretcher should be placed on top of the open stretcher, touching each other for the whole length of the cam'a :\1 )" friend maintain that the boards s h ould be pl ace d under the bed, being fixed between cam as and pol es of tretcher at regular interyals. So re pectfully ask yo u to decide \\"hich. of us is right.

:\' either of you is righ t The board' are to be pl ace d tra ns\'e rsely (not length\\-ise) upon the open stretcher so a - to stiffen the canvas bed. If your friend's method were adopted, there \\'ould be strong probability of one or more of the hoards slipping out of position \\'ith possibly di -astrou " re sults to fractured spine.-01.C.F.

CSE OF SALT::'.

\ C. (Cardiff).-Recently I picked up the Textbook of a colleague and found on p. 20 after the \yord " melling salts" the instruction which reads "the strength of which should first be tested." My own copy of Textbook does not contain tbis warning. an you explain this Q\'e rsight ?

Eyidenth" YOU did not read carefulh" \,our :\o\'ember i:::.suc of FIRST A.ID.- -Had you done so, ha\"e seen on p. 130 a notice that certain minor additions (among ,,"hi eh the one you note) had been made in the second issue of the 38th Edition of Ft'rst At'd to the Illjured.-i\.C.F.

FR CT CRE OF .-\R'\l

\V. P. (Ontario, Canada). - Doe "the front," to \\' hie h reference is made under Fracture of Arm in Textb oo k (Rule 3, p. 69) mean the same as in Frontispiece? Fo r purposes of description the hands are said to hangdovmward at ide of body \yith palms forward If, howe\ er, tl1e ann is nexed acros the body, the bi ceps rnusc1es would no longer correspond with "the front."

The latter appear to be the correct "front," especiall\" as there is no warning of possible trouble at elbO\v a nd armpit when the plints are in position We in far Canada deriye many benefits from reading your answers to queries and thank you for YOU!- help.

Of course the instruction in Frontisri '(e ,tpplies to the mattcr in the Textbook. Otherwise it would not ha\ 'c been in '( rLed The Textbook clearly states that" no mat er \yhal the pO ' ition" of patient fOI- purposes of d escription the body is supposed to be crect with arms h ang ing down at and palms forward. Therefore, it goes without that, whatever the position of the forearm, the biceps corresponds with tlw front of upper limb. See al 0 answer in :\o\"c mber issue of FIRST AID. - N.C.F

;\IED.\LLlON OF ASSOCIATION.

C. O. (Penarth).-Please tell me if I can qualify for the medallion of St. J ohn \ mbulance Association by pas;..ing· t \,vo first a id and one hy g iene exam in at ion. Yes-provided that twelve tTlonths interycne bctwcenlhe lirst aid examinations, loo. EDITOR.

December, 19 29 . FIRST

IN BRIG.\DE.

.\. B. (l\licllanc1 read with I11Llch interest lour Clt1\\'cr to qucr) of abo\ c tillc in Nmcmbcr of FIRST ALD. 0\\' some of us arc taking steps to l1nd out \\-hy in our Di\'i ion the Committee doe not operate.

\\Ti11 you also, please, define the position of the Diyisional Surgeon?

Although consultatin', as oppo ed to executive, the Committee is accorded by Brigade Regulations a \"e ry definite positio n in the constitution of a Diyision ; and our experience Roes to pro\'e that the happiest and most pro perous Divisions are tho ' e \vhi ch hm"e a Surgeon, a Superintendent and a COI11mittee, each performing their dutic as laid down in Re g ulations.

The Surgeon is the senior officer of the Diyj ion and as such is official Chairman of the Di\ isional Committee.EnITOR.

RECOG;\;ITION OF ER'"lCES.

Jl. W. (S\\'ansea).- Iy friend and I hayc been follo\ \-ing up ambulance \\'ork since 190-1-, ,,-hen \\'e each gained our first cert ifi cate. \\ 'e both served in R •\.l\1. C. during the \Var and \\'e are now members of a large c1as in First Aid. \V e should like to kno,,- if we are entitled to any recognition of our services. For a short time \\"e \\"ere members of the Brigade; but our local Di\ ision d\yindled away after the \\ Tar. \\'e ha\"e long been readers of FIRST AID, and can think of no better ource of information on tbi point.

, \mbulance \Vork is its o\\"n reward; and we fear that YOLl must be content with this reward. The Sen"ice Medal of the Order of St. John is a\vardpd to members of the Brigade who render efficient sen "ice for a period of 15 year. So ""h y not take steps to reyiYe the local Di\'ision ?-EDITOR.

Hom e Service Ambulance Committee.

The report of the aboye for the quarter ending 30th epte mber) 1929} now to hand" At the end of Septemher, 1929) there \",ere 268 of the Committee's Ambulances in the county and 76 affiliated stations} making a total of 3-+·t.

The number of patients carried during the quarter wa<; 29 29-, bringin o the total number of ca es carried to 81 q,l lS.

The reports of the various tations of the Home -0-mbulance Service once more give striking proof of the 1111l11en e ,-alue of the service given to the country by the Order of St. John and the British Red Cross Society, in r C'gar d to the transport of invalids.

the number of Home Service ambulance stations haw) owing to lack of funds) slightly diminished, there is but little reduction in the total number of cases carried, while the aye rage number carried in each ambulance during the year shows a regular increase.

The \\'ork entailed in carrying on an ambulance station l S no t, howeyer) to be measured solely by the number of patients carried in the ambulances. The duties of those \\'ho yoluntarily undertake this onerous task coyer a wide ra nge with the comfortable and efficient transport of l)atients as the ultimate object. To secure this object there must be a well thought out scheme of organisation and also unremitting attention to detail.

Not content with meeting the heayy demands made by th e ambulance transport service) a very great number of unit of the Order and the Society throughout the count 1') have, on the suggestion of the I-lome Service Ambulan ce Committce} taken up tl1C additional duty of Road SC'rvice.

Whether in the form of first-aiel boxes or roadside

t.11C maintenance ()f the \\ ork add::. not a little to the <lnXletle::. and re::,pollsibilities of tho::.c " ' hose duty it is 1'1 arrange for the financing of the undertaking, hill the staffi,ng of the road patrols at \\"Cek-ends and holida \'s entaIls organi ing ability of no mean order. -

The \York is lightened by deyotion and public spirit by who so \\ lllmgly acrince a large part ot then lelsure 111 order to carry out, yoluntaril\'. OI1e of the most I'aluable social sen"ices of the day. -

A notable piece of work recently carrieci out \\'a that done in \\'ith the race for !he chneider Trophy. \\ hen members from many parts ot the countr\' a i ted in gi\'ing first-aid not only in the yicinit\" of race, but al 0 on the road leading to the coa t. -

The City of London Police Reserve.

During the past t\\'o months a considerable amount of activity in matters connected \\-ith first-aid ,yhich i the all item of practice and study of the Ambulance ot the Resern has been going on. It i ingrat_ltYlllg to note that the special appeal of the Chief taft Officer, Capt. A. J. R obe rts, to the Diyi ional and Company Commanders i alread \' ho\Yin o" excellent i particularly so ill re gard the A DIn lOn ot the Re erye: and doubtle is in a great measure due to the splendId example set by its Di\-i ional Commander, \\ - O. Timme, Esq.) in attendino' the Continuation Classes) a fact \\'hich is greatly by all rank of this ection. On Saturday afternoon October 19th, a party of the Regular Police Police Re erYe paid a further yisit to the Royal College of urgeons. It need hardly be mentioned that the e periodical yi 'its are of the utmost yalue to the Ambulance ections of the Police, and a debt of gratitude is due to the Con e n "ator, ir Arthur Keith for his kindness in granting the q uired permit on thi ' a on other occa ion. On \Yedn eday, Nonmber 20th, and again on the -tth December, \\"e were fayoured ,yith mo t intere ting" and instructiye lectures by Lieut. -Co l. F. A. Brooks) ::JD. These ,,"ere o'inn in the large clrill hall at the headquarter of the Resen-e and on both these date an open im itation \\"as extended to all ranks. Though the weath er \yas so yery unfayourable. the attendance \yas quite good. It is to be hoped that Col. Brooks \yill be able to repeat his yi its on many more date in the forthcoming year in fact, the ection are asking" hen hi next yi it is to be.

By the courte ,y of Hu o" h Turnbull} the Chief of the City Police, special permi ion \.-as granted to a party of the Police Reseryc Ambulance Section to ,\'itnes the Inter-Di..-isional Competition in indiyidual and team ,,·ork. held at now Hill Police tation on the afternoon of \\'eclne clay, Nonmb e r 27th. The competition, an annual one, \"a for the ". lclerman "Cup. As an eye ,yitness. the writer would add that the ,,-ork of eyery man competing "'as of the fine ancl be t. Indeed, such a high tandard of efficiency in first-aiel \\ork would be yen" difficult to Stu-pas. -On this occa ion Dr. Duncan \"a-s the medical officer who judged the te ts, 0 it is quite obl'iou the \\'hole entertainment \\'as bound to haye been o'ood a indeed it was. On J OVCI11 ber 29th a lantern b I lecture \"as giyen at hcadquarters by the Libranan of t 1C St. John' Association, ::\Ir. Fincham. The subject of the lecture \\"a the" History of the Foundation of the Ordcr of t. John of Jent alcl;'." Thouo'h the weather was its worst on this particular c,-ening tho e who brayed It wC're well repaid. Thc hundreds of splendid slides ,nrc "Tcat and the lecturcr ,,-as cycn g-reater. Capt. Roberts 10 he congratulatec1 in fitting this extra turn into the Section's work and the cry is :-1\[ore plea e!

ergt. CECIL G. E:1IIERY.

Detailed Marking Sheet, No. 19

QCESTfON TESTS.

BE,\RER 1\0. 1. - \\ 'hat i a symptom;; State \\·hal you know about symrtoms.

Sensation of paLien as Pain; numbness; giddiness; hunger

Thirst; feeling of suffocation

Described by patienl \"ben conscious Symptoms alone are not reliable. ., Patients sometime exaggerate slIght 1l1Jury A.nd may make light of serious injuries

Cseful as a warning of something wrong As a guide to seat of mischief

If abated or increased in severity Indicate if treatment is right or wrong

Gi\ 'c cxrunples

No. S.-vVhat particular forms of illn ess Or acciul!nt are prev a len in childhood and old age Childhood:

Decem bcr, 1929. FIRST

THE

AUSTIN AMBULANCE

For EquipllleDt and ECODOIIIY

Yorkshire Collieries Ambulance League.

« LANE Fox" SHIELD FINAL.

TIlE fourth annual compet ition for thc abo\'c shield, presented by Col. G. R, Lane Fox, 1\1. P., for first year students in the Yorkshire Collieries Ambulance League, was C011cluded at the Unity Hall, \V akefield, on No\'e mber 30th, when the \yinners of the preliminary rounds met in the final. The adjudicators were Dr. R. Fell and Dr. Draper , both of York, and the final placings ",ere as fo11o\\'s :-

1.-\Vhitwood Colliery 173

2.-Hick leton l\Jain 161

3.-Barrow Colliery... 159

-f. -Denaby Main 5.-Park Mill (Clayton \V est) 1 H

6.-Sih'erwood No.2 142

The shield was presented by Major C. E. String'er , of Clayton vVest, who said he hoped that next year Col. L ane Fox would himself present the trophy to the winners.

The U Austin Twenty" Ambulance is smooth, silent, well equipped and economical to run; used by many hospitals and municipalities throughout the world.

90 PUDU£: BODIES USE AUSTIN VEmCLES

THE AUSTIN MOTOR CO., LTD. Lougbridge, BirlUinghalU London Depots: Showrooms - 479-483, Oxford Street, W,l Service Station & Showrooms - Holland Park Hall, W.ll

BEARER

Major Stringer also presented a Certificate of Hon our of the Order of St. J ohn of J erusalem, awarded for bra\'cry in the mine, to Mr. Aaron Butler, manager of Darton l\Iain Colliery.

On December 31st last a fall of roof killed a pit corporal, R. Creighton, and almost completely buried a depu ty, Ra ynor. Mr. Butler exposed hirnself to serious risk from falling stone while erecting a covering of wood over R aynor, and continued to 'work under dangerous conditions to bring about R aynor's release, which was effected by using a th reeton jack to raise timber which held one of the man's legs fast.

In this Mr. Butler was assisted by G. E. J ohn so 11, onsetter, and A. T. Aubrey, d ep uty.

Major Stringer expressed apprec iati on and tion of the bravery and ability 'which Mr. Butler and 1115 assistants displayed,

Th c gencral mect of the Yorkshire Collieries Ambul ance League was held during- the evening at the Stafford Arms Hotel, Wakefield, There was a large attcndance of represen tati \ es, Col. G. R. Lane Fox, M. P., was unanimously re-ele cte d President of the League, and Major H. M. Hudspet h (H.l\1. Divisional In spector of Mines) was re-elected chairman.

Mr. P. Darlington, of Purston, who has resigned .the chairmanship of the Castleford Divi sion, was elected a ncepresident in recognition of long service.

It was reported by the secreta ry (Mr. C. C. Ho gg, of Fryston Colliery), that owing to liquidations and mations seve n collieries had been removed from the ltst of s ubscribing firms, and there was a defici ency on the year's working. During the year a certificate had been presented to George Stevenson, of Allerton Bywater Colliery, for meritorious first-aid work.

Estab.

FILM EXHIBITIONS

to aid the Ambulance M.ovement IN ANY PART OF THE KINGDOM are available FREE for the asking.

THEY INCLUDS

OF ST. JOH N " AND

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The advantages attending the use of GERMOLENE, the Aseptic Dressing, in hospital and domestic practice are now almost too well known to need recapitulation.

Since the introduction of this remarkable agent it has been put to the test by medical men and nurses in every part of the country. 1t has proved itself thoroughly efficient as a skin bactericide and sterilizer and powerful bealer.

An added charm associated with its use is its soothing effect in the case of inflammatory pain, or in irritable conditions of the skin. For the treatment of children's skin complaints it is unequalled, because It does away with the tendency on the part of the young patient to scratch, and so spread or aggrevate the trouble.

Mechanically, GERMOLENE is perfect, and its appearance and texture have gained it high encomiums from doctors and <.hemists. Milled to microscopic fineness, the ingredients are held in a high-grade creamy base which spreads with ease, does away with messiness, and which, when massaged, sinks straight into the skin pores_ Bandages may be prepared with the absolute minimum of delay and trouble, and slight heat reduces the dressing to the consistency of cream.

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SOOTHES AT A TOUCH!

A I D. December, 1929

MANU ALS OF FIRST-AID, &c.,

By N. CORBSI PLSICBSR, •• B" B,C" B,A.(Caatlb), .,R ,C,S AIDS TO FIRST-AiD.

Fifth Edition.. Post free, II d. flrst.Ald Slmplllled and Tabulated, with Aldl to .emory. Sit' famts Ca"tlil co"tribtltu a" i"trodtlctio" alld w, IlidorSl IIiJ opi"ioll 0./ llu book."-LANcBT.

AI08 TO HOME-NURSING.

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Home.Narslng SImplifIed and Tabolated, wltb AIds to .emory.

, This booR nmj>li/i«s a comp/lx stlbilCt alld sllotlld b "ad 0" a, sttltU"ts. ·-L. Ii N.W Rv. GURTTB.

EFFIOIENOY IN FIRST-AID.

Post tree. II. 3d.

Problems In lUndy, treatment and Bl8mlnatlol BOlnd lor Senior Stud ents

" Wi/hotll dotlbl tlu book will bl p.al uffJiu i" tlu 'raj"i"g- 0/ tllou /0" wllom it is d'Si[:II1d, "-BRlTISH MEDICAL JOORNAL.

OOMMON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID.

II. net: post Brrors III first-AId Detal\.ed and Bxplalned.

1Ms book gw,s a cl,ar" i"s-ig:ht ililo tlu metMas a"d dif/ictlltilS Im"g",cy t"atm,,,t by laymlll thall flu otficial T,xtbook itsel/."-LANCET.

AMBULANCE COMPETITION TESTS

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CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EDlTORIAL-

Tr ue A.l11 bulanc e \\ -ork

Ordl r of St. ] ohn

L. ]L1hn _\lllbulance .-\. ociation

The Ho ritallers' Club '"

Firs\ id Roadside Station

First _\ id in Carbon ;\lonoxide

Brigade Di trict Report ...:-:,

Pri or\' for \ Vales

Detctiled Marking heet," '0. 20

Raih\ a \' \11.1 bulance

Police Ambulanc \\ 'ork '"

;1111bulance 'from Pre 's

Hea··t :\ffection '-Their Cause and Pre\'ention

LeltLrs to the Editor

Our P ages

QU ERIES A..!"D ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDE lTS-

Oi location of Lo\\-e r ] a \\'

Ex.a mination HO\\ ler

Frac ture of Femur

Pos ition of Bod\' ......

H<e l11orrhage of I nt e rnal Organ

Co mpound Fracture of Femur

Bites of R abid Animals

T reatment of Bur t Varicose Vein

Frac ture of Arm

Co nduct of Competitions

Hcemorrhage of the No e

Tes ting Stretchers

:\Ieda llion of Association

Breach of Confidence

Su bmis,,;iol1. of Grie\'ances

Se n-ice Medal

Pro motion in Red Cross Branch News

E\ -E RY mO"ement ,,-hich ha TR1..-E risen to power ,,-ill be found to ha'-e done so b\ " a preanant idea - b \VORK. an idea born in the minds of its founders and born ane\\" in the minds of their followers. Further, it is probably true that the continued uccess and power of moyement depends upon the fidelity " ' ith \\ hich the" idea" is pre erved by it later followers, henc we appeal to ambulance students to study ambulance work for its own sake. -

It is a regrettable feature, but none the less true, that a large n urn ber of people take up am bulance work with great enthusiasm, but soon tend to b come luke\\'arm, and are only induced, with difficulty, to continue thei r study and maintain efficiency. To what can thi be due, and " here is the remed y?

The que tion is a diffi ult one to answer offhand, and to find a cure it is necessary to first get at the root of the disease.

\,, hy is it many enter on ambulan e work so keenly but whose intere t soon become fl eting? The reasons are many, but one may be that the facilities, rewards etc., which the student expected he would obtain is responsible, and when arne are not forthcoming the real object of the work is forgotten.

It IS most important that the ambulance worker should be prompted by humanitarian motives, and when this does not take first place the work is foredoomed to fail ure.

Living as we do in an age when medals, prizes, decorations and competition trophies are greatly fought after, it is a question whether such things, excellcnt as they are, are not, 111 orne cases, likely to be an end rather than a mean thereto, as they should be.

In the past, the student's attention may have been directed too much upon the reward rather tha n the real objects of the ambulance mo,'ement.

To make provision in case of accident to one's fellow men should be the first consideration, and that idea in am bulance work will ensure a constant supply of sympathetic workers of the right kind. ----.

Order of St. John.

THE King has sanctioned the following promotions and appointment to, the \'enerable Order of the Hospital of t. John of Jerusalem :-

Baili.ffGrand Cross.-:'1ajor-General the Earl of .-\.thlone. Knights Justice.- The Earl of Hare\\'ood, Lord Irwin, Colonel Sir Charles Cheers \\'akefield.

Dame ojJustz'ce.-:'lrs. Lorna Ethel Atkinson.

A-n(l[hts Grace.-Lord \\ 'a\'e.rtree, Charlec; J Tunks, Sir Philip \\'histler Street, Sir George Fowlds, Sir Charles Erllest Statham, Edwin Ralphs.

Dame of Grace.-Lady In"in.

Clzaplains.-.-\'rcbbishop of Sydney, the Re\'. George Edgar :'loreton.

C0771nzanders.-Sir Herbert Samuelson, Charles Bage, John Joseph Holland, Alfred :\Jlan Simpson, William Rattray, J ames Whitson Ja ck, Lieut.-Colonel Hugh Raymond Guy Poate, Colonel Jam es Jacob Esson, Leslie \\,inter Dryland, Corbet Fletcher, Gilbert Phillips :'10 scrop, 1\1 iss Eillen Florence Blandford.

Assoet'afe COJ1lJllander.-Khan Bahadur :'Irian Sir Fazl-iHusain.

Officen.-Lieut. -Colonel John :'lacRae Gilstrap, of Eilean Donan ; Harry Lurgan Brownlow, Sir Thomas Cato \\ 'orsfo ld, Sir Jeremiah Colman, Robert Henry Coate Butt, Frank Hit chens, ::'fajor Robert David Cran, Frcderick John Hutchinson, AlbertErnest Fisher, John Brine, Arthur Os,,'ald Richardson, John Becconsall, Lieut. -Colonel Ales:.ander Robertson Falconer, Samuel Harding Grenfell, R obert Yernon Bulman, Sir Louis Edv,ard Barnett, Ethelred Charles Rosman, Hubert Jeffery Hill, John Bernard Gunson, Frederick \Villiam Russack, Sir Kelso King, Captain Eustace Royston Baum Pike, Joshua Jennings Wignall, Dr. Gusta\'e Heuze Hogg, Dr. J ames Herbert Graham Robertso n, George Alexander Troup, Alexander eil :'lcKelvey, Sir John Roberts, George Henry Burgess Sleight, Lieut.-Col. H arry Spackman,\VilliamHenrySmith,GeorgeCharlesWells, Hugh Sidney Cann, Arthur John Faire, lajor Cecil Myles Scrjeantson, l\1ajor \\'alter \Varing, Adney 'Alalter Gibbons, Lieut.-Col. Sir Henry l\1ulles:.eux Grayson, Walter Henry .-\.ngel Fincham, Col. Astley Vavasour Clarke. nlrs. Alice Edith Butement, ;,\lrs. l\laude Elizabeth Lane Stace, :'lrs. Harriet Emma Parker, 1\1rs. Emma Jane Barltrop, ::'lEss Harriette Joanna Vine, l\frs. Janet Doris Sim pson, Lady Street, Dr. Daisy Elizabeth Platts-Mills, Mrs. Alice Lavinia Bishop, Lady Sennett, Miss Ediih Naomi Bourke, l\1rs. Emily Jane :'lartha Denchfield, Mrs. Elizabeth Gray Stuart, nIiss \tVinifred Hope Thomson, l\1rs. Mary Georgiana Lancaster, Lady Nail-Cain, Lady Inglefield. Our many readers who have benefitted from the replies and encouragement of Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher for some years past, will dOli btless be

A I D January, 1930.

O"ratified to note from the above that his de"oti on b to the Ambulance ?\Iovement has at length been recognised . \ Ve tender our and would also include the other many old fnen ds ",hose names \, e recognise -EDITOR.

St. John Ambulance As s ociatio n.

BRISTOL CENTRE.-Interest in ambulance is still being maintained, 30 cIa se haying been held during the year, lhe number pas ed being 360. In addition 12 men at and pas ed in First .-\'id in connection \\'ith he Merca ntile ::'Ilarine.

The annual stretcher competition in connection ,,"ith the Centre was held at the Clifton Zoological Garden on] uly 27lh last. Forty teams competed, and the work don e was of a \'ery hiO"h standard. The L.:'1. S. 1\0. 1 team \von the men' a\\'ard, the nurse cup being awarded to the L. S. St. Philip's Goods Station. Thanks ,,'ere extended to the Judges, the Superintendent of the Garden, the Secretary of the Centre and the Steward.

, The Committee again ugge t that ubscribers maki 19fresh wills should remember the Bristol Centre of the ciation, forms of beque t being obtained from the hl)ll. secretary or hon. trea urer.

BIR;\I!KGHA:ll COlJKTY ENTRE.-Th e annual 'was held on December 20th. Fifty-seyen cla e were held. Class secretaries have worked steadily, and improve l11LI1ls sho\\'n during the pre\ iou year in the number of cla.,;es held has been maintained. A proportion of lhose obtai'ling' first aid certificates join the Birmingham .-\.mbulance nd Nursing Corps of the Brigade. The number at public dUlie.' performed by the members steadily in crea e. The recorded num ber of case trealed by the Brigade members is about 20,000. Over 3,000 journeys \"ere made by nur es acco.mpanying motor ambulances, and the men supplied orderlies e\'ery e\'ening and all d ay Sundays dunng the year for the same purpose.

Ian), acknowledgments had been recei\'ed f?r sen Ice rendered. The civic authorities greatly appreciated "hat ,,'as done by members of the '..ssociation.

The following officers were re-elected: Presldenb , Sir Sir \Villiam and'- Lady BO\vater; vice-president, Dr. J. Henton \Vhite, i\lrs. F..-\.. Porter, F. Gilbert; l\l r C. 1 liller, Dr. F. H. :'Iaberley and liss E. 1. Barling; chairman of committee, Dr. George St. Johnston; deputy chairman, 1\1r. W. E. Ballard; hon. secretary, i\1 r. E. Elliott; hon. treasurer, 1\1r. G. E. Kingsnorth.

Prizes gained in 'a rious competitions were present ed to successful members.

TOT:-\ES CENTRE. - The annual report shows that 116 cases of accident or illness had been given attention, including 21 road accidents; the ambulance having travelled 1,27+ miles and removed 68 patients. The comm itte had prected their own garage. The balance sheet showed a balanc e due of £17 5s. 5d.

The Earl of 10unt Edgcombe 'was re-elected and Sir Robert Harvey and Mr. \tV. H. Kendall as nl:epresidents. The layor (M r. J. Palmer) was elected chairman. Mr. Arnold \Vheatley was re-elecled hon. lreasurer, Mr. G. H, Le Duc, hon. secretary; 1\lr. \tv. H. Todd , han. auditor; and Mr. E. Windeatt, hon. solicitor. The :Mayor and Mayoress, Rev. Prebendary Heywood-Waddington, Col. Potter, Mr. and Mrs. R. Drennan, Mrs. Hartland, l\l ess rs A. Wheatley, J. N. Powney, F. Re\'e ll and J. Todd were

January, 1930. FI R S T elected a the committee and the officers, with l\lessrs. Todd, Po\\'ney, C. Hulland and R. Drennan were appointed as a finance committee.

-.-\.cco rding to the report of the Plymouth DJ tnct Ambulance Sen ice, good work i being maintawed. There are 8 ambulance on -e n 'ice and the total of. patient during the year amounted to 1,3_3, (cnppled, \"ith a mileage of approxlmale ly 61,0,),) mile ThiS -ho w an a\'erage of 7-1case a d ay The tran -port of all non-infectiou ca. e under the upen i ion increased, and 3-1- patient \"ere afel\' taken b\' train.

ser:'ice \"as rendered under the Lifeboat Sen'ice on t\yO occaSIOns, the 1110 erious being the Hope Cone wreck.

Permanen.t beach tents ha\'e been erected at the \Yhiteands and Bonsand, and accommodation or tent pitched at se,"en other places. A total of 3-1-8 ca e recei\'ed treatment at the Hoe the \\'ork recei\'ing special commendation from the Dire ctor of the Ambulance Department of the Order of St. John. year unfortunately to close \"ith an o\'erdraft of £-1-/0 16s . .'d: Only £22-1- 13s. wa received by \va\' of subscnptlons towards an es:.penditure to £-1-, ,9') 165. 9d. A "ery earnest appeal i being made for more regular support from indi\ iduals and firm in a po ition to help.

generous gifts had been received inc1udinothe CJuI.ldhall Ladie \\'orking League, Entertainment and R. N. Bene\"olent Tru t.

The splendid effort of Sloane-E\'an a Hon Collector of Su bscri ptions h as been recoanised by the quarter of the S.J.A ., by th:' a\\,ard;f a Yote of Thanks 1I1scnbed on parchment. She ha collected o\'er £1,000, and still goes ahead.

" AmbulancE' Day" retained its popularity and under the capab le and enthusiastic leader hip of :'I [r$. ]. Bal don backed by her de\'oted organi-er and seller, .£ 5-1-3 -I-s. collecte d.

.

,,?,,er £1,100.a is c?llected by a "\\'eekly CollectIOn Schem c "'hlch n o \\' In process of re-oraanisation under. the c h a irmanship of E. G. ha\ 'e a card, and the contribution of not less than one ,Penny per week entitles th<: holder and dependent relatl\'es free use of the am bulance enice.

The Repor.t finished " 'ith thank to all who had helped, asklI1g for contlllued, and, if ed as istance.

SOCTH.-UIPTO T CE 'TRE.-The l\layoress of Southampton attended the annual general meeting on December 1 th and prese?ted. medalli?ns and certificates to those \"ho passed dunng the year. The Chairman, Alderman \\. Bagshaw, J. P., ex.tended a hearty im itation to the :'Il ayor and fayoress and thanked them for their presence' he al ? a resume of the year's work and es:.pressed of lhe doctors' sen'ices to the A ociation. The financial position sho\\'ed a credit balance of £156. The \\'as re-elected Chairman and 1r..A ..1 l\lacReith, \'Ice-Chairman.

From the report it is stated that the "Twiss II Rose Bo\\'l .competition was held on l\lay 25th, South bourne being the WlJ1ners. This team also won the" Calmore "Cup. A Day held on 1\1ay 4th, resulted in a profit of £52 16s 7d. elllg handed to bOlh the Association and the Southampton The strength of the various Divisions shows a grattfYll1g increase, e pecially the Southampton Division.

Over 300 certificates and other awards have been issued dunng the year.

f CANNOCK CHASE CENTRE. -The rapid progress made in OUr years by this centre wa well in e\'idence at a meeting

A I D. 167

held in the .-\.mbulancc Room of the Littleton " December 16th. ollIenes on

The Hospitallers' ClUb.

THE members of above were "At Home" to the Lady Hospitallers' Club on December 13th, at the Bonnington Hotel. Mr. T. ;dcBride, the President recei,-ed the guests

:'II r. \\'alme ley, under manager of the collier\' a nd aid In tructor, \"a the of aId clock w tl \\' t '. Ian ome 1 e mlllsler chllne , and a barometer beino- 0-'£ of cla in appreciation 'Of hi::or r. Crnl Da,\' I ', manag-er, in making the )rc';ntatlOn, said that ':'Ilr. \\ almesle\' had been a fir f about 30 year- a d I I er or _::i, n on more lan a few occa'ion had b In trumental in life and limb. In he ho\\'ed con plCUOUS bra,'erv ","ho had be b 'd b f 11 f f - en une \" a 0 roo. For thl- the directiors of the collien' a\varcled 11m. a ao ld \\'atch and he al-o receiyed the Ro 'I H oCiely' certificate and. ih'er medal. a umane \\'almesley thanked the donors for -uch hand ome gift "'h.lch ,,'ere much appreciated. Thanks to Dayifor maklllg the presentation concluded the meetin o ". and ing 115.

During the evening, members and o-uests were entertained with a most excellent programme arranged by Stallard. This gentleman seems to ha\'e the facilit,- for findinO' the right people for any and e\'ery and on this particular one he had around hiI? a veritable galaxy of MentIOn must be made of two O\'erseas , 'isitors to the in the persons of ?\Irs. Thompson and Mrs. KIrkland of Glebe X ursinO" Di"ision Sydney N S."\V. b'

A note should be made of the Februan 1+th meeting of the Club, at which Dr. Bridges has kindly consented to speak.

-------.--.------

F ir st Aid Road Side Stations.

By CECIL G. E?\IER Y.

REFERRI:-';G to the most interesting article written by Dr. Pierre Behague appearing in the August and September issues of FIR T AID under the heading of "First Aid on French Roads," I feel the time is long O\'erdue when such an oro'anb lsatIOll as "The National Union des Associations de Tourisme" should have become an accomplished fact in regard to our own roads.

How much longer are we to be without such a service is a matter of the ,'ery utmost importance and gravity, and the delay clearly shows the apathetic view taken of the matter by the numerous town and rural councils, \\ ho ought to interest themsel \ es in the Firsl Aid protection of all road

users in their immediate neighbourhood and on all roads coming under their care and authority.

One has but to take up the morning or evening paper to read details of the enormously increasin anum ber of fatal accidents that occur on our own b town and country roads during each succeSSlve twenty - four hours . Those we read of in print, as reported in the press, represent a very small proportion of the number known to the police and am bulance authorities, apart from the many slighter accidents and casualties that are taken in hand and treated by skilled members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and others having knowledge of first aid. The only deduction onc can make from these reports is that the establishment of Roadside First Aid Stations is a matter of immediate necessity

It can easily be anticipated that a great many obstacles would be brought forward in opposition to any such scheme-the cost of erecting and maintaining these roadside huts or stations, the difficulties of obtaining permission and ground for the site, etc., etc. Then again it would probably be argued, that the nearest Police Station (although perhaps miles away), has al'ways been able to deal with casualties, or the one and only prehistoric, if not hopelessl y antiquated, Infirmary or Hospital Ambulance is generally available, when the chauffeur-gardener can be found.

Facts, however, are very stubborn things and the alarming increase in road accidents has undoubtedly outgrown the value of such primitive service, and the need for some proper and efficient organisation is obvious The question of manning such roadside stations is a matter which could be easily dealt with by the St. John Ambulance Association.

In addition to its thousands of skilled members there are the many provincial units of The Special Constabulary, nearly all of whom are fully qual ified to render first aid, or if not they should be The senior members of the Scout movement and the Girl Guides have hundreds of efficient and willing helpers, who have for a very long time done yeoman service as occasion has arisen.

As a further suggestion, is it too much to expect the A.A , and M. U , whose financial surplus must be simply enormous, to come up to the scratch in financial assistance, with regard to the cost of the upkeep which comparatively speaking, would be very little, bearing in mind the fact that the majority of the road accidents and their accompanying casualties are chiefly amongst their own mem bers? Such material help would tend to their service even more popular, and very pOSSibly the subsequent cost of thei r accident claims considerably less.

Then, agai n, there is that octopus-The Road Tax . Surely enough money is annually squeezed out of the poor motorist to refund him or her some-

thing back in the way of road security It wo uld be cheerful knowledge to some, at least, to kn ow that a fractured limb or a severed arter\' could be properly treated on the spot, and that at such Roadside First Aid Stations.

I have endeavoured to arouse some int erest and perhaps severe criticism in writi ng this article, considering as I certainly do that the establishment of such a service on all our principal country roads is a matter which requires most urgent consideration.

First Aid in Carbon Mono xi d e Poisoning .

THE ever-increasing incidence of cases of poi soning by carbon monoxide, particularly by exhaust fumes from motor - cars, points the need for organised fi rst-aid treatment.

In this matter New York seems to be ahead of our great cities Yet science owes it to the resear ches of Haldane that the way in which carbon mono xide produces has been grasped. It acts by suspending the capacity of the bloo d to convey oxygen to the tissues. The air-hun ge r which results stimulates breathing, where upon carbon dioxide is unloaded from the blood. But carbon dioxide is the main stimulus to breath ing, and in its absence apncea may result, just when deep breathing is most needed. Full understanding of what occurs has led to a method of resuscitation in which carbon dioxide is used to sti m ulate deep breathing.

The patient is made to breathe a mixtu re of oxygen and carbon dioxide; if he is unconsci ous, artificial respiration is carried out with the mi .-ture

The combination first recommended was 5 per cen t. carbon dioxide and 95 per cen t. of oxygen, a mixture which some ancesthetists keep read y to hand incases of respiratory fail ure. Reason s are now given for increasing the carbon dioxide to 7 per cent., which doubles the normal minute-vol ume of breathing without causing undue discomfor t.

VVe learn from the Journal of Indll strt'al Hygz'ene for November, 1929, that the Consolid ated Gas Company of New York at the present time have ten emergency trucks supplied with the needed inhalation apparatus, manned by cre\\'s of three. They respond to all notifications of le aking gas, to fires, and to all sorts of situations where asphyxia has occurred or is a hazard. The crewS are thoroughly drilled in giving artificial res piration, and in handling unconscious patients.

In 1926 they treated 789 cases; in 19 2 7, 715 ; and in 1928, 850; in these cases the 5 per cent. mixture was used. Since March, 1929, the 7 pe r cent. mixture has been issued on 300 cases, with great advantage, in the opinion of the trai ned and expert crews - The Lancet.

January, 1930.

Brig ade

No. ( Prince of Wa l e s') District.

HARLEsDEN.-The Harlesde S (vVembley and Harlesden) Divis!1 ectIOn of No. 11 Drigade) held a very successful John Ambulance evening) December and dance on Schools In the" dri ..' _ , ) at Furness Road lJ} 120 players, were, f,or presented the prizes. s 1\1. C., l\l[ s. ChIlcJ

In the dance roo111) which was d 200 present with Private H eBcOl adted, there were 1 I .,! vv an y as M. C. 11 tle una\OIdable absence of the D' " , intendent l\lr H R <.::t 1 A Iv1SlO11al uperoJ an ey, mb. Officer H R C -' h' warmly thanked cverybody for th' d .' lid U' d elr \\ on eriul support III so 9 00 a cause, and hoped that th Id no te oi the next whist drive and d ey \\dOUb make y d 'I ance an r111° the !r,Ien S WIt 1 them. He also stated that Fi' .0 If WIll commence soon after Chrl'st LIst AId Class S h 1 T mas at eopold Road c 00 s on hursdays, and any likel dOd be very welcome. y can 1 ate would A basket of fruit was presented by Mr. T rrel fruIterer, of Harlesden and Privat C'bb y 1, ff t h' , e Ions spared no e or s m IS endeavour to raise funds b - raffiin' h' a' 1\1r. I:fawden, a member of the British:>Red C? t 1Sbo Ift" the wmner. lOSS, emg

, ,credit is due to Mrs. Hipwell, for the s lendid \\ a) 111 wh,lch the refreshments were carried out p d 1 La I tlkle ladles \\"ho 0 kindly came forward to C' oa' rooms.

.T he Committee, Sergt. E. R. Smith (Hon, Social eta ry), Corporal Allum, Privates Gibbons and Le _ paIu, were hIghly pleased \\'ith the success of t1 . P le eyelllng.

LEWISHAlII.-The Bo '1 f L '1 ' , , ( 100/1) , roug 1 0 eW1S lam DIVISIOn 1 S.].A,B., orgalllsed a carnival dance at Lad \Yell Baths on New Year's Eve, the following officers Gein o' res po nSIble for the arrangements', Supt H I II S 'thO Amb Offi C ,. vv. 1111 , cers arpenter and Hammerton and A b Sergt. E. Symonds (Secretary). ) m ,

Among those present were the Mayor of Lewisham the Mayoress, Alderman Chiesman, Alderman Hayes and }'Irs. Hayes, Alderman \Y ebb and l\Irs. \-Yebb and Co Officers Betts and l\1iller. ) r s. th !11 a brief speech, the l\Iayor said eyeryone appreciated e. \ 0 untary work done ,by the ambulance men; in the e ?a} s of street aCCidents it behoved the puhlic to Incr ease theIr support Lo this institution.

1 PrIzes for fancy dress were distributed by the oress, to whom a b?uquet was presented by Master I I nce Symonds, dr,essed 111 the uniform of a St. John Am1l11ance man, who IS the mascot of the Division, Spot and novelty prizes were also awarded.

f SOUTIIALL.-A yery successful dance was held in aid S the 55 (Southall) and Nursing Di"isiom, at the Holy TrIl11ty Hall, Southall, on ew Eve. NIr. A. Cres ey acted as 1\1.c., intro1C111 0 a l: umber of old-time dances intermingled with jazz I.terns, whIch werc greatly appreciated, 1 he distribution of tancy hats and novelties added to the spirit of reyeln' a hall which had b.een gaily and artistically decorated J the. Ambulance ectIO n of the Entertainm ent Committee.

ancmg commenced at 8 o'clock to the music of the ;ondon Cabaret Dance Band and at 9 o'clock the l\I.c. orders not to admit any more people as the hall \\'as C0l1110rtahly filled.

, )'1r. Cressey said it aaYe hil ' , '. 'ee lllg such a nice crowd n gIeat pleasure 111 agree with him that while' he telt. sure they would they \\ ere supponin:" a o'ood y Jvere them elves, cecd - of the 0, an \\-o rt y cause. The prouf the iocal s \\ auld go to, the funds less fortunate th:rl "::re helpIng. uthers allce from the ambulance men and a \: eI e 111 need ot a istAt midniv-ht e\,er 'b d " womeIl. Lang Syne," 0 :> 0 ) jomed hands, singing" AulJ

At the conclusion Supt T 1 thanks to 1\1r. Cres e; for his ;' propo,sed a : 'ote oi so succes ful also t th SSlstance maklllg th2 1 ,0 ose present tor thei port. t \\'as yery encourau'ino' to t1 E. I?Up- Illittee when the bI" ' I 0 b ntel COIl1had Jane that IC S 10\\ ed theIr appreCIation as they ?f

lappy and e\\ Year at 12,30 am 0 er a The reireshments as us I· d " f " ua, "ere un er the manao'e'bKilkerty, Mrs, \Vilmot, Miss , cer 1\ IS 1 bs and Mrs. Shead.

,

,TWICKEl-,rL?I:-:-The annual general meetin a of 1 \\"lckenham Dn'IsIOn " 'a, s held on 1\1 d J 0 6 c TI on ay annary th 1e :\1ayor (CounCIllor J. Cusack) ' Dr F \V Cha D' , 0 ,' rmall, IYISlOnal Surgeon reporteJ t11at dl t111Ct progress had been made Ot' th 'h _ d" ose \\' 0 were 111 p,ractrcal work 100 per cent. \\ere a\\"arcJed 1st c ass certIficates. Amb. Officer J \\ 01' d 1,tt f D' S , Iver rea a ,c er, rom 1\ upt. H. C. Gordon, rerrrettin o his l.nabIhty, to be. present. Di"ision had men tor Pl;?lrC dutIes ey.ery nIght at the Richmond Ice Rink and EmpIre, and yarious special duties at LOl,ldon theatres and Bank Holidays at Hampton Court. ThIr!y-thre,e members had joined the Di\'i ion. rhe Secretary) Hon. Sergt. E. H. Jackson, 111,1:1 re?o.rt, saId earl!, in the year they had been extI emel} 111 seCUrIng the sen'ices of Dr. man a, theIr DIn lOllal urgeoll, He had lectur ed for the four course,,' consi ting of eight lectures each, ana hi help had, been llwalnable, He had o'iven his ser\'lce , to nurslllg di\'i ion in a imilar Their member hlp \\'as not nearly large enough to cope \\'ith all dntles 1111,posed upon them In uch a large area. \"hich Il1clude.d Teddingtoll, and Kingston. Members ot the DrnslOn \\'ere on duty on the Ki1)O' ton B\,Pas Road for the ,. chneider" trophy race,Obnt, fo"rtl1llatcly, they had no cases to attend to.

, .., Thc t?tal Humber of cases dealt " ith for 1929 \\-as -+6J. _ DUrIng the ten year of the Diyi ion's existence 1}3.) dt,ltie had been performed, One member performed L6 dutle dUrIng last year alone. and another particularly keen member. who only joined last August, carried ont 88 duties 111 fiye months,

The Divisional Trea mer.. ergt. A. T. T. Fleetwood. reporte,d a of £15 19s. 3d" the biggest item of £18 19s, 3d. spent on the purchase of llllliorm, eqUIpment) and bandages. Donations amounted tn £17 14s. lId,) and members' snbscription to £6 2s, 6d. Di ,t rict Officer Claridge, besides making the remarks already referred to, congratulated the DiyisioI1 on thl' work it had been doing',

Tn the course of the the Mayor presented to Corporal R. J. Smith his officer's commission. and rongratu lated him o n winnilig it.

FIR SI'j

Votes of thanks to the Mayor for presiding and to the visitors were proposed by Dr. Charman and Mr. Oliver respectively, and carried with acclamation.

No. 2 Di s trict.

AYLEsBuRY.-The annual report of the Aylesbury Division show that the motor ambulance service has fully maintained its reputation for efficiency. There has been a rec o rd number of calls and over 250 cases have been transpo rted.

At the county competitions held at Aylesbury in April the Division upheld its high reputation, and the squad, led by Lance-Cpl. R. G. Felix, were successful in again securing the l\layor's County Shield for general work, and the Bucks Joint Committee Cup for individual work. The Division also again were awarded the Scales Carter Efficiency Cup for the most efficient Diyision in th e county.Six members of the Division, under Supt. P. Marshall, were on duty at Portsmouth in connection with the Schneider Trophy Race.

Th e divisional competitions, which were held in October again caused great interest. The Squad Cup was won by the team led by Cpl. VV. H. Marsh. P te.

L. A. J. SHett again being successful in securing the Locke " Memorial Cup and gold medal for the year's individual ''I'ork, Pte. T. Bailey won the " Scott" Cup for the individual work on the competition day, and Pte. e. Farey the Recruits' Cup.

Taking t he year through, the Division have reason to be proud of their work} every member being fully and efficient. The Division, and the public, ow e a b1g debt of gratitude to Supt. P. Marshall for his enlhusiasm and untirin g efforts on behalf of the Brigade

SLOUGH.-SUPt. Henry Smith has been compell ed to res1gn the sup e nnt e ndency of the Slough Town Division, S.J.A.B. to th e g reat regret of all the members. 1\1r. Smit h took his first certificat e at Bridgnorth in 1898 so that he has b ee n in th e movement for nearly 32 ye ars. H e assist ed in th e formation of the Slough Town Divi ion in 1911, and has been Superintenden t for eight years. holds the long service medal for fifteen years' serV1ce, ar:-d he stdl hopes to be able to help in the DiviSlOn occaslOn a lly so that n ext 1\lay he will receive another bar for a further five years' service, and complete twenty y e ars brigade service in the order.

Mr. Smith had a. serious illn e ss last Spring, and feels that h e cannot cont1l1ue to discharge the duties of the sup.erintendency in addition to those of his ordinary avocahon. That 1S the only reason for his resignation.

The \York has been an enjoyable hobby to him and the efficiency with which he has carried it out has'been greatly appreciated.

No. 3 Dis t rict.

BURT ox L.\TL',1ER.-The annual tea and social of the Burton Division) S.J.A.B., was held on Friday, December 21th, at the Preston Hall, Burton Latimer. Over 100 sat down to an e njoyable tea, arranged by Capt. and 1\Irs . Atkll1s, of the Church Army Social Centre after which followed a social and dance for which artistes were 1\Irs. A. Brown and Mr. '0. J. Benford. Durmg an mterval a presentation of awards to members of the Brigade was made) and in the absence of Mr. A. E. Fox (presiden t ), the chair was taken by the Rev. L. H. Lethbridge. Dr. E. L. Warner (Burton Latimer D1V. Sur g .), who presented the awards, gave a report on the y e ar's the Diyisiol1, and Lady Corps Supt. 1\1rs. vV111s (Kettenng) also spok e of the work of thc 1\ ursing Diyision of which a Division has just been formed Burton Th e re were also on the platform M1SS Ross (D1V. Supt.) Burton Latimer Nursing

Divi ion), Nurse Brooks (Kettering), Corps Supt. Curtis (Kettermg), and Scrgt.-l'vlajor Miller (Kettering).

KETTERING.- The annual socia l for the mcmbers of the Headquarters Division, Kettering, S.] .A.B was h eld on Thursday, J annary 2nd.

The guests of the evening included Corps Supt. e. W Curtis and l1rs. Curtis, Police Supt. Tebbey, D.C.e. ;\1 1': L. B. Bagshaw and MISS Bagshaw, 1\1r. e. Ward, and 1\1 r. Langley.

Supt. Dyson welcomed the visitors, and on b eh a lf of the Division expressed the thanks of the member s fo r the continued interest shown in their work. Esp ecia l thanks were extended for the warm interest shown by ..'Ilr. L. B Bagshaw) who was the donor of the Noel Shield, presented in memory of the late oel Ba o'sh aw and 1\1r. Chas. Ward, donor of I. Royal ,: Cup, in memory of members of the Division who lost their lives in the sinkin.g of the Royal Edward trans po r t 111 the JEgean Sea dunng the war. These two aw ar cl s carry a monetary prize annually.

With regard to Police Supt. Tebbey, Mr. Dyson referred to him as a special friend who took his ambul ance certificate in 1891, was always ready with assistance amI a dvice. Recently his services to the ambulance m oyehad been recognised by being elected an Honor ary Serv1l1g Brother of the Order of St. John of Jerus ale m in England. This honour is held by only one Chief Co nstable in the coun t ry.

Supt. Tebbey in a bright speech replied Corps Supt. e. W. Curtis referred at some lengt h to t he competition work of the members, and stated the Kettering Corps was steadily increasing. A new DiV ISIo n had been brought into existence at Weldon, and it \\a' hoped to revive the old Rothwell Division at an earl y date. In the Corps Cup Competition, seven out o f t h e nine divisions sent teams, and in the individual (" Royal Edward" CLIp) eight divisions were repres ented. Their old friend, Corps Sergt.-)'lajor J. 1\liller , ha d also been elec t ed an Honoary Serving- Br o ther o f the Order, and their County Sur g eon, Dr. L. W. Dryland. had b ee n rais ed to the rank of Commander of t he Ord e r The competition awards were pr e sented as follo\\' s :-The" Noel" Shield to th e team consisting of Serg-t. \ ' Groome , Pt e s. Archer , Crick and Haynes; the "R oJ al Edward" Cup was handed by the donor, Mr. e. W ar d, to Pte. Lenton; and other awards were-the "R ahy " Cup to Cpl. Brooks, Ptes. W. Line, \iVebb and Sw eeting, and the "Elworthy" Cup to Cpl. Foster, Ptes. Ia lshc r, I si t t, and Dyson.

A very happy evening concluded with "Auld L ang Syne."

MALvERN -The annual meeting of the Malvern D iv ision of the St. John Ambulance Brigade was held at R ose Bank on Tuesday evening, December 17th. Dr. F L. ewton (chairman) presided, and was s uppor t ed by Mr. G. G. Lewis (Hon. Secretary), Mr. W. Osborne Th o rp (Hon Treasurer), and Amb.-Officer E. Bond.

The Hon. Secr e tary submitted his report for 1929.

Satisfactory progress had been made. 37 pu blic duties were attended when 86 cases of first aid had l)('c n attended to by the men on duty. There were 16 roa d accidents and 10 cases removed. The annual inspe ctio n took place on J LIly 27th.

The Division competed in the Worcestershire County Ambulance Competitions at O ld Hill, for the first ti me, and gained third place. The reports in connection ", ith the event were of great credit to the team and Divi oio ll.

A Field Day took place on Malvern C0111111011 OIl July 14th, when the various stages of work were carri ed out. Tile Secretary hoped that this would be an a n n L1al event. It gave him pleasure to say that the Nursing D i\'i -

J an ua ry , 193 0 . FIRS T

sion were co operating with th headquarters. The annual .em and sharll1g the same a t the Winter Gardens on dbnve and dance, held success: 800 people sat cr 21st, a huge 1,000 occupied the floor for d wh1st, and Just under T t . ancl11g wen y-mne men had qualified' f . h '. . durll1g the year. He would 01 t ell profiClency t umty of thankin o' the offic f' hlke to take the opporg iven him. b ers or t le hcJp and support The financial t t s a ell1ent showed t hat t1 been successful there being a balance Yh c :r1 r d haodf £ 37 7s. 9d. '

NORTIIAMPTON.-A simple I was performed in front of th )ut ceremon y Church , Northampton recentl All Saints' T. Trevor Lewis R D) 1 d' y, en t e V1ear (the Rev , . ( e 1ca la nce of the S.J.A.B. ted the new motor ambuAmbulance men nurses and d in a square around t'he beaufi:full ca "l,e re drawn LIp ) eqUlppcc Torthampton

A I D. 171

Holy Ghost, we dedicate and the sacred labour of m' . t .' separate this ambulance to low men who amid e1111g to the necessities of fel mortal lif c) have f 1fl and chances of the recital of the 111 _ 1stress." followed hymn, "Our Blest and the s1l1ging of the The ceremony over th M spected the ambulance a'nd ael athyor and Mayoress inB f d' so e ranks e ore 1S1TIlSSll1g the par d headq uarters Commiss' R a e outs1de the King Street f tl" 10ner eeves said th d d' o 1.elr new motor ambulan k e e lcation the hIstory of the Corps. ce mar ed another step in

The annual dinner of the H d held on December Sth at th quarter s Division was Northampton Over '· t e l11g Street Headquarters present. Commr:- 111 e y members and friends d 1SSloner F Adnitt ' d d porte by Corps Supt. W H P '. preS1 e , supShaw Diy upt WEEd' Dlv.-Surg. Dr E Ande;son , Dr. D. Mar JS Lt.-Col. H'. S: e, r. 0 n Wdllamson (Chief

By Co-partnership fOUl ?l aZ

Winners of the 1\1 Efficiency Shield," 1929. No. 1 DIvlslOn, Old Kent Road. Pte, Salter. P A / Ser rl't. Kevse. teo Sparkes. Pte. Frost. 1:> .J Pte. IIerd.

to which the Mayoress has contributed two and a large crowd participated in the brief In charo-e of the A b 1 . '" m u ance men were D1strict Com E l11dls slOner W. Harvey Reeves, O.B E J P Supt W E- wards M B E AbO ., .., C P k" C· .., m.- fficers W. ]. Ricks A. Lloyd 1p 111, adet Officer F WI 't' S '. .' ane! St ff S 11 111g, ergt.-MaJor H1l1es a - ergt. Butler.

paradeRd under the Lady District Superinl\Ii ss rs. arvey eeves A R.R.e., Lady Corps Supt. " I d BCradflord, Lady Supts. Mrs. JenninO's 1\1 B E Cl ISS ow e L dAb 0 1"-, ..., M ss F d Cy , a y m.- fficers Miss Cooper and he' ox, an adet Officer Miss Howe. Over 100 memr s were on parade.

"I 1f Eothers present were the Mayor and Mavoress m ajor Ra J P d 1\ ) P e I c:>:' ., an !frs. Rav), Councillor J an, and the ChIef Constable (Mr J W·]]· ) . St d 1 lamson In an 111g 111 front of the bonnet of the motor (11 C;; ihe IRev. Trevor Lewis dedicated it with the words' n t 1e name of God) the Father, thp and

Constable), Amb.-Officers A. Lloyd and C P'tk' C d Officer F WI't' D" 1 111, a et 11 111 1stnct Sergt.-l\'Iajor H L' 1 and Corps Sergt.-Major G. Hines leves ey, Ch a irman g av e the toast of "The Heade uarters Nor t hampton Corps," which he joined In 1906 h1 e toast h.e also coupled the name of Supt. Edwards' k w om he descnbed as one of those men who not only' 'new what to do} but did it.

D' Supt. Edwards said that the strenoth of the b 1.VIS1 93 had been well maintained, the present numbers officers and men and 49 cadet. He expressed ,,,,ratltude to the Northampton Town Football Club f a grant, and paid a to Sergt. Bland and the Plort department wh1ch had carried 1.776 patients durin!" t le year. b

"1\1 Supt. Perci\ al proposed the toa t to the 1\ edlcal Profession" lId' h f h W 10. 1a '. stnce t e commencement o t e movement) done all 111 th e lr power to aid and assist men and women to learn first aid work Replying to the toast, which was' accorded musical

jj.

honours, Lt.-Col. Anderson spokc of traffic dangers v\'hicb he said would probably cause more concern than they did at present were it not for the fact that first aid and hospital treatment were so readily available.

"The Visitors" were toasted at the invitation of Dr. Eric Shaw., who spoke of the necessity of keeping the Division at full strength With the toast was coupled the name of Mr. Williamson , and, replying, the Chief Constable said the long·er he was in orthampton the more he was amazed at the work donc by the St. J oh11 Ambulance Brigade.

Entertainment and harmony wcre provided by Messrs. S. K. Copson, V. Smith and A. Tear, Ptes. Floyd and Green being at the piano.

NO.4- Dis t ric t.

BARRow.-Div. Supt. l G. Smith presided at the annual meeting of the Barrow Division of the S.J.A B., held at Thwaite Street Schools on Thursday, December 19th.

The balance sheet showed a balance of £13 165. Sd. Donations amountcd to £20 16s. O!d., proceeds fr0111 entertainments £ 11 8s. 2d., other public appeals £63 15s. 6c1

A presentation of a walking stick was made to Sergt. S. Kerr, who is resigning after 27 years as a member of lhe Division.

Making the presentation, the Superintendent said Sergt. Kerr had been one of the hardest-working men in the Division, and had always been keen to help the younger men. He had earned the long service medal, and last year he became entitled to a bar.

Sergt. Kerr expressed his thanks in suitable terms.

In his report the Superintendent stated that the year had been one of hard work in straightening things out after the rally of the previous year. They had been fortunate in obtaining a depot in Ramsden Square, for which their thanks were due to the Corporation, to VickersArmstrongs for providing the equipment, and to the Barrow Hematite Steel Company for providing lint, bandages and materials. Applications for members had been received for nearly every football match played in the distract, and every week 35 to 40 men went out from the c1epot. The number of cases attended up to the end of November was 765. During the motoring season the mileag·e covered by the members on road patrols was 261. TIle tent at Walney did good work during the holidays.

They were badly in need of a drill hall, not only for the men's division, but also for the nursing division and the St. John Ambulance Association. Concluding, the Superintendent said he was proud to command a division like Barrow, with the record for the year of obtaining the cup at Dalton and the Co-operative Society cup at Fleetwood. It went to prove that there were some ambulance men in Barrow. The Division was now at the highest possible standard in regard to equipment, and there were no less than 67 uniformed men.

BASSENTIIWAITE.-On Saturday evening, December 21st, a meeting was held in Bassenthwaite School, at which Mr. Brown, Chairman of the Further Education Committee, presided.

Councillor J. Stuart, Keswick, Secretary) gave a description of the work done by the students of the class, and stated that 15 men had been examined and passed for first aid certificates and P.e. Ferguson for label.

Mrs. Hartley presented the awards.

A demonstration was then given hy first-aiders of a shepherd who had fractured his thigh on the fell, and the improvised material which had to be used consisted of a mountain stick (for a splint), pieces of rope and handkerchiefs for bandages, two poles and sacking for a stretcller, and carried over a wall and across the fell back to 1,is home. There was also a demonstration on treating-

a patienl suffering [rom a fraclured spine, and olhers ui" arlificial respiration in casc o£ drowning, fraclured collarbone, uppe r a r m, forearm, ribs) bl eeding from varicose veins, and dressings of yario us kinds.

Mrs. Hartley expressed her delight at the way th e students had acquitted themselves in the vario ll s cas es, and hoped that they would continue the good work beg-un. She then presented Councillor Stuart with a fountain pen and penci 1 in case for his untiring assistance from th e commencement of lhe class and through the examination.

Mr. Stuart, in returning thanks, said it hac! been a pleasure to him to come t.o such a good .cIa s. He ur g ed them not to be content WIth slmply pa SJl1g for and winning a certificate, but to read books and meet together f or practice, and so be efficient to render first aid when call ed upon.

The Chairman proposed a vote of thanks to Mr s Hartley, and this wa seconded by Mr. T. Allinson.

Mr. Stuart l110yecl a vote of thanks to the Chairm a n, to Dr. Burnett, Mr. Jon. Dixon) P.e. Fergllson, and t h e Further Education Committee for all the assistance giv en, and to the men who had so ably acquitted themselves.

BLAcKPoOL.-The annual competitions of the Fy ld e Ambulance Diyision o£ the S.J.A.B. attracted a la rge attendance and aroused much interest. The competiti on for the "Hill" Shield, held in the Blackpool new he adquartcrs, was won by the Blackpool squad with 252 points out of a possible 300, while the Kirkham squad w on the" Mary A. Hill" cup with a score of 137 out of HO. The tests for thi cup were held in the Raikes Par acl e Schoolroom.

The" Hill" Shield is a competition for senior m embers of the Division, while junior members with less th a n three years' service compete for the" Mary A. Hill" Cup.

Nine squads in all entered from Blackpool, Fl eetwood, Thornton, Kirkham and St. Annes.

The Mayoress of Blackpool, Mrs. G. W. Gat h. handed the trophies to the successful competitors. Sh e \\ as supported on the platform by Mr. R. H. O. H ill (donor of the Hill Shield), Lady Supt. Mrs. F. Kel sall, Dr. James Johnson (judge, "Hill" Shield competiti on ). Dr. W . H . Buckley, of Poulton (judge, "Mary A. Hill" Cup competition), and Supt. T. Donnclly.

The Mayoress expressed her great interest in amhtllance work and 110pecl that the competitions wou ld cr eat e c\'en greater keenness among the members. She hoped to see the new lleac1quarters frec fro111 cleht during· llcr year of office.

No. 5 District.

BARNOLDSWlcK-Tllere was a happy interlude a t a Barnoldswick Ambulance Corps "social" h cld in the Amb u lance Hall on Friday, December 27th. This comprised the presentation of an inlaid smoking cabine t in oak to Dr. L. W. Bradshaw in recognition of ten yc a rs' service as instructor and examiner.

Tn the course of a fitting speech, Supt. Widdup, who presided, paid a high tribute to the work done by D r. Bradshaw for thc St. John Ambulance cause in Barnolc1swick. His duty that night, he said, was onc of hoth pleasure and regret. It was pleasurable because they w ere showing in a small way their appreciation of a ll that Dr. Bradsh'aw had done fo r thc Corps and Association

During the time he had been in Barnoldswick many friends h ad been made, and he (the speaker) was to t11ink that he was one of the first tIlc Doctor met ]n t11e district. "1 extelld to Dr. and Mrs. Bradshaw the hest wisl1es for the future," said Supt. Widdup in conclusion, "and 1 llope that they will reflect with on the time spcnt in Barnoldswick, especia ll y in thIS ro0111."

The presentation was made by Lady Amh,-Officrr

] a n ua r y , 1930. FIRST \lrs. Alkinson, who declared that lhe duly had devolved l1pon hcr WhCll Il wou ld have lleell more fiUill,rl ._ formcd by somCOlle elsc. She lhought they of I!lg DlvlslOn pe r haps knew Dr. Bradshaw be t II 1 1 heen a good fncnd to all 0 r lhem thouo·h 1 e lac had found out a1l they did not b IS {een eye , .Dr:. B r ad;shaw's response was brief, thou h hio·hl · ctPPlopllate. rhe ceremony he said was a b } (0 him and lefl hi111 without words :"I·tl C l surpnse f r vv lC 0 express hIS ee 1l1gs.. H IS long years with them had been some of the hapPlcst. ] Ie had felt to he one of them in th most useful work WhlCh lhey were clo· 10. " Y e I , I ' I 11 ;-,. 0 u r enL1l151c1S111 lclS a ways been ma o ·nd1ccnt" D' B· 1 I (1 ed "w lb., 1. laeSlaW (01111 u . lave spent happy limes too·ethe' , ilt the eXCl11111latlOl1S and my intercst in b .111 e\ en wa ne.'" you WI not a yote of thanks to the Chairman and Mrs. AtkInson, COl p Officer John Peel complimented thc lat(e r 011 her speech) and Amh. Officer R D East d 1 1 I ·1 c woo W10 sec- one ec, sale men who had rendercd service of the qll a lIty that Dr. Bradshaw had ginn were very diffi It (n r eplace. CLl Supt . Wic1clup then called upon Dr. Bradshaw to

l(irkby did well, anel merit )' ·r· 1· asmuch as bolh lheir rerepl.lccsl1• c0111mendallOll, iuI '. Cll ct IVCS were su·· [ 1 one 0 )tcllllllW first IJhec 'l11CI tl. tl cces u, TI bee le 0 ler second ;c results were as follows :-" T J "

.\1ayor s Medal,. and First Aid attache G Kelly (South Kukby) 54 1st· First A· 1 B p.. \. lIIaclauchlan (South Kirkby) 53 2 I. t. P.te. J. E. Band - Cpl. C. A. Leeman 0.[ t e thIrd place (Hcl11s\Vorth Colliery), Pte. E. a speCIal test Gogarty succeeded by half 'k ut after cC1\ ed a copv of "TI H·. c a mar ) and re- C .J 1;, IStOlY of the Order."

01 ps Supt. Aiel. I C Amery pr , I d I tation ceremony W·U· I·· eslce att1epresel1fract (AIel W· B '11 : l11p were the l\Iayor of Ponte(Alcl. P. al.)eI, J ., e.C;.), the Deputy 1\Iayor Dr B F· l. G. R. Hel111l1gway, Dr. Sweetnam, R hJ · f alrclough (of Featherstone) and 1\Ir VV an am, 0 (Corps Secretary).'

.The Chauman lI1lroc1ucecl th e 1\Ia or dl llh c 1I1[terest shown hy Aiel. Harbcr in {he' le a lernoon. b

In the unavoidable absence of Clr. T. l Sides J P the cup was presented to Cpl Kelly by 'I, H .' , TI 1\1 1. el11111 o·w a y 1e ayor presented the other prizes) and

The Mayor of Pontefract handing Carr Supt. T. C. Amery the license for the new 7\Iolor Ambulance. rf(C's ent a medal for. 15 years' continuous scrvice to Mrs. who saId,. the hrst 111emher of the Barnoldswlck NurSlllg DlvlsIon to gain this distinction.

I I fourth annual intcr-corps indiyi11,a r c?mpetltlOns for thc "T. l ides" Cup and the s held amongst representative_ of the Canolts e11I'ISlOnS comprising the Pontefract ane! District Sorps of the S·lA.B., took place at lhc Town Hall on ,a l urclay, December I-1-th, and aroused keen interest.

The Corps comprises the followin o c1ivisions· P011ter ac t P t f· 1\. t> C( '. on e 1 act Featherstone, Hemsworlh l\ ollJel. y , South Klrkhy, Ackworth , New La:npsa ll anel orton,. Bott01l1I t. Compet l tlOll was lImIted to non-commIssIOned 111emeach Divi ion was allowed to send two re]1Ie sl' lltatrves, excepl Ponte fract, and Bottomboat. Corps T. e. .A. Sweetnam being lhe j ucige. COmpetIt Ion was 1l1deed keen for t11ere was a c1iflercllce of only two marks hetween first ancl third. South

t he e:::cellent work done by the St. John Ambulance A sOClallOl1. He promi eel to help the work in any way pOSSIble. mo\'Ccl a yote o.f to the l\Iayor. Dr. .Fall clough seconded thc motton, wlllch was heartily carned.

Tn the Pontefract Market Place on Saturday afterthe l\Iayor of Pontefract (.Ald. Bal bel, lP CC.) 111 the presence of a laro·e o atherin o· or represcnlatiYe people, hancled oyer the hulance to the Pontefract and District Corps of the S.] .A.B., 011 behalf of the Pontefract and District Ambulance Committee.

The procession was headed by the Ambulance Corps clrum and fife banel, uncler Drum-1\Iajor e. \Vard} attended hy Corps Officers and members of the Pontcfract NursinoAssociation. ;-.

The ceremony took place 011 a platform erected near the Bl1tler Cross. Dr. Rlomfielcl. who presided rccalled

the old Pontefract horse ambulance; the gift by 11rs. Leatham of an ambulance that had seen service in France; and the need for, and the efforts to secure, a new vehicle. He pointed out that it was a 1930 model six-cylinder 16 h.p. Austin, and cost about £750. There was a deficit on it of over £200, he said, which they hoped the public would subscribe.

In handing over the new ambulance, the Mayor, after congratulating those who had made possible the new vehicle, said that were he asked to describe it he would call it a hospital on wheels, the reason for the wheels being that they might get the patient into the operating theatre in order that the skill of the surgeon might be used at the earliest possible moment. It was often only in times of illness or accident that we remembered an ambulance and the services of the members of the Corps. Finally, his Worship urged everyone to give as much practical support to the new motor ambulance as their pockets would allow, and assist to carryon the work for which it was intended in Pontefract. and district.

Corps Supt. Amery, in an impressive address, gave an excellent account of the history of an ambulance in Pontefract.

At all times, those most interested in the project had had the earnest support of the Pontefract Corporation. and when the committee intimated to them that they would require a place to house the "ehicle the Corporatioi-t built them the garage and ambulance rooms which they now possessed.

Supt. Amery then recalled some of the hardship s which the members of the Corps had had to put up with. and reminded his hearers that when called upon they did not look out first to see whether it was raining or foggy, but they always did their work ungrudgingly.

Moving a vote of thanks to the Mayor, Miss Leatham advised the people to assist to clear the debt as an " insurance," for she usually found that peo-ple rarely had neell of those things to which they subscribed.

Mr. T. Shaw, seconding, added that when the ambulance had been paid for the Committee hoped to be in a position to reduce their charges.

The Mayor, responding, pointed out that. politics and sex did not count in the great works carried on for the relief of human suffering.

A collection made during the ceremony and during the evening realised £13 6s. 6d.

SETTLE.-On Saturday, December 14th. the Settle Drill Hall, which has recently been redecorated. was formally opened as the new headquarters for the Settle Ambulance and Nursing Divisions.

Mr. G. K. Charlesworth presided at the opening, and was supported by Lady Dist. Supt. Mrs. Birkbeck and Dr. Lovegrove.

The Chairma.n said the hall was built years ago by Mr. Walter MorrIson} who handed it to trustees for military purposes. The time for those military purposes had now gone by. The trustees had now handed the bUJldmg over to the Ambulance Brigade, and it would be used for peaceful purposes.

Mrs. Birkbeck then opened the building as an Ambula1!ce Hall. She was pleased to have the opportunity of bemg' present on that occasion, and thought the work done by their Ambulance Brigade was made possible because they happened. to strike a period in history that was to It. In the beginning of last century, nursing and surgIcal knowledge were at a very low ebh. Before Florence Nightingale's time, the nurs ing profession was looked down upon, and it was due to her that it rose to the respect in which it was held to-day . She hoped more young men and. women would join, for thev wanted the YOUJ1e-er to carryon the work in the future.

Havmg declared the Hall open, Mrs. Birkbeck presentcd lab els to a number of Nurses.

A I D. January, 1930.

A vote of thanks to Mrs. Birkbeck was passed 011 the proposition of Dr. Lovegrove.

Teas were served by the members of the Nur sing Section, and while these were partaken of, the Settle Folk Dancers, under Miss Douglas, gave a graceful display of dances from their repertoire.

No. 6 District.

DARLINGToN.- The Ambulance compctltlOns of Dar· lington and District Area, S.lA.B., for the Durham Bronze Shield, the "Col. Gibbon" Bowl and the " Palmer" Trophy, took place on Saturday, December 21st, at the Technical College, Darlington. Results were announced as follows:Durham Bronze Shield, 1st Darlington Divi sio n 791; 2nd, Blackhall Colliery, 3rd, Horden Colliery' 73 points. (Possible. 100).

"Col. Gibbon" Bowl, 1st, Blackhall Colliery, 158· 2nd, Darlington Division, 141, equal with Synthetic monio Works, Billingham, 141; 4th, Horden Colliery, 137 points. (Possible, 225.)

.

" Palmer" Trophy, 1st, Blackhal1 Colliery, 131 ; 2nd, Horden Colliery, 128 points. (Possible, 175.)

The winners will compete at South Shields in the Durham County final on Saturday, January 25th, 1930 .

HOUGTTToN-LE-SPRING.-The Houghton-1c-Sprin g- Ambulance and Nursing Divisions showed their appreciation of the assistance they have received from Mr. and Mrs. J. G. Stokoe on Tuesday evening, Decemher 31st, when prior to a whist drive held at the headquarters of the Ambulance Division they made them the recipients of useful gifts. To Mr. St.okoe was presented a pair of furlined gloves, and Mrs. Stokoe was given a slipper hox.

The chair was occupied by the popular Divi sional Surgeon. Dr. Boyd.

Dr. Boyd, in making the presentations, said many of them could speak from longer knowledge of Mr. Stokoe's work on behalf of the movement in which they were so much interested. He had done that work ungrud gingly and at much sacrifice of his leisure time. It would be difficult to fill Mr. Stokoe's place. Mrs. Stokoe also had helped in various ways. In the performance of any social duties Mrs. Stokoe had always stood by her husb and's side and they woulcl long be remembered in Houghton for all they had done for the welfare of the community He hoped that they would be spared many years to enjoy their retirement.

Mr. Stokoe, in reply, said that he was very proud of those who were associated with the First Aid Movement in Houghton. He hoped that they would rally round their new Superintendent.

Miss Todd, in presenting the gift from the Nursing Division, said that they all realised that in losin g Mr. and Mrs. Stokoe the movement was decidedly the poorer. Mr. Stokoe had rendered excellent service as Sup er intendent and the Nursing Division could always count upon his support. Mrs. Stokoe had worked for the succ ess of the Division, and they had to thank her, as a memb er of the Welfare Committee, for helping them to get a subscription for their work.

M,rs. Stokoe feelingly acknowledged the gift.

SUNDERLAND.-Members of the Sunderland Eastern Division of the S.J.A.B., held their annual dinner on Monday, December 16th.

Div. Supt. C. Cook presided, and among others were P0lice Supt. G. Wilkins (deputising for the ChIef Constable, Mr. J. Ruddick), Dr. A. B MacPherson (Amb.Officer) and Mrs. MacPherson, D. Nelson (Div. Secreci tary), and Mrs. Nelson, and Amb.-Officer W. Graham an Mrs. Graham.

January, 1930.

The Chcurl11an paId tribute tu the Chief Constable awl relerred to the work of the Bngade dunng the War: ;:'ullt. G. W ll!GHS responded.

Dr. A. D. lVlaCl-'herson, lecturer LU the Division saId that We ;:'underland VlvlslOn !lad l.leen 111' eXl!:>Lence lor 1/ or years, hav111g betH 10unded by theu ::'Ullenntendent.

Al11iJ.-Othcer D. Nelson (Secretary of the Division) p01l1ted out that dunng the last five years the DIVIsion nad attended to no } ,ewer than aCCIdents and cases 01 sudden Illness. 1 he largest nWllber oi cases had been 111 t11e sl11pyards where some of the members worked and were always ready tu gIve theIr serVIces.

We !1a ve been louked upon as one of the most effiw:nt V1YISlO11S 111 the dIstnct, whIch 1l1cludes Northumand the N and Ridings 01 'iorkshlIe, saId Mr. Nelson. We have twice WOn the Robert Anderson ' Cup. " , yV. prollosed the concluding tuast to 1 he VIsItors, and thIS was responded to by Mr. 1. W. Cooper.

Entertall1111ent. was rendered by the Radio Concert Party.

No. Uistrict.

HovE.-Good work was done by the local S.] .A.B. on JJoxlllg Day at the Albwn tootball match.

Even belore any aCCIdent had happened Supt. Parks, \vho was charge, had been outSIde the south-eastern 6"ateway oi the Goldstone ground, preventll1g people from l.lLlug brlllsed and pel:haps hav1l1g ribs broken, by the crush agalllst the proJectll1g beams as the throng tried make Its way to . the turnstIles. "vVhen the gates burst 111, a nd people fell lorward headlong, in a mass on top of each other, some to have theu faces badly scarred, one to have hIS collarbone broken, and another to have fractured nbs, Supt. Parks and his forces, together with the Hove pollce, were the busiest people of the assembled thousands. Then came t}1e still more serious happening of the collapse of the plattorm on top of the scaffoldino- of St. Agnes' Church. How vitally essential it was that the injured, who had to be rescued from t.he basement should be at once attended and removed to i10spital, needs n.o emphaslzmg here. Again the Ambulance and the Pollee forces were ready, working in a magnificent harmony.

At the St: John Ambulance Fair held' recently, towards the D1v1slOnal funds, it was announced at the final meeting of the Bazaar Committee that a profit of £208 l..J.s. had been made. Mrs. de Zouche Marshall, Hon. Orgal11ser of the fair is to be congratulated on her success.

T.he sum raised by a similar effort last year-also orgalllsed by Mrs. de Zouche Marshall-was £308 so 1his has enabled Association to purchase new premises, sItuated at 56, L1v111gstone Road, Hove, which will widen the useful sphere of its work, being larger and more suitable for its requirements and activities.

No. 9 District.

PAIGNToN.-The annual inspection of the Paignton St. John Ambulance Brigade took place at the Public Hall on Monday night, December 16th, in the presence of a small gathering of spectators. Colonel C. I. Ellis, C. l\I. G., of Torquay, Asst. Surg.-in-Chicf to the Brigade, was the inspecting officer, Commander H. V. Miller bemg unavoidably prevented from attending.

The Brigade paraded under Amb.-Officer G. W. Hingston, as County Officer H. J. Vick was unable to be present through illness. The Brigade, together with members of the police force, were given company, stretcher, and other drills, and tests, the men acquitting themselves 'Ivel1.

:...-.A I D. 175

Offi Following the parade Col. Ellis congratulated Ambcey Hmgston on the very fine turn-out.

11 1' o,I' h new. Division, they had done extraordinarily we cy weI e not perfect by any means. He advised them. to g,lve more attentIOn to artificial respiration espeCIally m a p1<l:ce like Paignton, where there might aCCIdents. He remarked that the First Aid not everythmg, and said they could always be learnmg. 1 he11- company dnll was quite good on the the stretcher dnll was good, and the hand-seat dnll was ve.ry fa11-. Col. Ellis went on to suggest that t?ey: should Jom the local branch of the Royal Life-saving SOCIety, and learn to save life in the water as well as on the land.

thanked Col. C. Ellis for attendmg, and tor hIS encouraging words of advice remarkmg that they were always glad to learn. '

. Dr. . IIoward Distin, of the Paignton DiviSIOn, also thanked Col. Elhs ior the genial way in which he had Bngade, and said it seemed to him a 10 your vIrtues very kmd; to your faults a little

No. 10 Oi5trict.

F.\KEl\TIAM.-The annual report of the Fakenham stat.c.s: "The Division consists of 37, of whom .)0 are 111 ullltorm. ThIS year we obtained twelve labels medallions, eight vouchers, and four certificates. "Udl!lOn, numbers of the Norfolk Constabulary and the publIc, tram WIth us. Road patrols have been carried out on the various Bank Holidays and in addition we attended officially the yv est Norfolk H Steeplechases and the Fakenham Agncultural Show, in conjunction with the Red Cross nurses. We supply the local ambulance WIth yolunteer drivers, orderlies, and nurses. This year the car has carried 1-1-4 cases a distance of 7,192 miles."

\\ ·ARE.-The \Vare Division, S.J.A.B., held a successful dlllner recently at the PriOT}" Ware. Dr. W. G. Stewart (Ch.ainnan of the Urban Council) presided, supported by DlV. Supt. C. l Dewsbury, Messrs. P. Albany, L. Lucas, F. Porteous, W. G. Clark, T. Burgess, Dr. J. A. Bell, Inspector Rolls, Amb. Officer T. Forbes and others.

After an excellent dinner had been served, the loyal toast was duly honoured.

1\1r. F. Porteous then proposed the toast of the 'vVare Ambulance Brigade," stating that it gave him much pleasure to do so. His association with the Ware Division had not been a long one but he had been on the committee for about three OT' four years. He had become in the work of the Brigade, and had attended theIr classes, which he found most instructive. the experience he had had he felt a great respect lor the men and officers of the Brigade for the great sacrifices they made.

The number has now reached 24 members. The Division dealt with 9-1- case.s last year and, in addition, 33-1- cases at Allellburys, makmg a total of ..J.28. The motor ambulance had removed 66 cases of illness and 32 accident cases.

The men had performed 30 public duties, and attended 45 meetings during the year, a matter upon which he thought they should be sincerely thanked and congratulated.

Supt. Dewbury, replying, thanked Mr Porteous and the gathering for the cordial way they had supported the toast. The "·/are Branch of the Brigade was formed 30 years ago, and the present Brigade was admitted a member in 1902. He was the only remaining member of the original Brigade, with the exception of Mr. J. c. Rogers, who was unable to keep up his association owing to ill-health.

The Division's slogan was "Service" and he was

FIRST

pleas e d that they had been of some usc. Thcy were vcry proud of their mcdlcal men) Drs. Stewart and Bell, who were of great assistance.

The ,. Visitors" toast was proposed by Amb. Officer Forbes. 1\lr. J. Page) junior, replied.

The last toast of the evening, that of 'i The Chairman," was ably proposed by 1\1r. who spoke in e ulo g istic t e rms of Dr. Stewart's serVIces to the tovm, and of his willingness t o assist anyone Dr. Stewart suitably replied.

Priory for Wales.

WELSII :\lEi\l13ERS IN ORDER'S NEW YEAR HON OUHS LIST.

The name s of the follow in g vVelsh 1\Iembers appear in the New Year's list of promotions in and appoi ntm ents to the Venerable Order of the Hospital of Sl. J ohl1 of Jerusalcl1l, sanctioned by His l\ [ajesty the King, So\ creign Head of the Order ;VELLUJ\J VOTES OF TII.\NKS.

The Dowager Lady Aberdare.

Lady President of the Aberdare Centre. Takes an actiYe interest in the ambulance movement in t h e District; recently presented a shield for competition by cadets. She is connected with a great number of voluntary organisat ions and is always ready to assist those in need.

::'Ilr. J ames A Wilsoll, O. B. E., Cardiff

A member of the Grand, Anl bulance and Almonr), Committees; has taken a keen in terest in the work of the Priory for many years. As honorary secretry of the No.8 Di str ict organises the annua l ambu lance competit ions for Police teams in Wale and the Counties of 10nmoutl' an d Hereford.

:\1r. F. Llewellin J acob, Fernda le

As President of Borough of Rhondda Centre, h as been connected with ambu ance \\'ork for many ycars. P ersonally assisted to furnish the funds to carryon the Inter-Colliery competition, and generously supports the w ork of the loca l Divisions of the Brigade.

OFFICEI{.

11'. Hugh Sydney Cann, Swansea.

Sub-Commissioner and honorary se c retary, Borough of Swansca Centre. Has organ ised and lectured gratuitous ly to classes at H.l\l. Prison, Swansea, from 1926 to present date. As sisted the Commissioner as demonstrator to classes of nurses at Swansea General Hospital. l ainly responsible for the erection of the Langland Bay first a id hut, a nd assisted in tl1l' formation of t h e Swansea Sl. J ohn Ambu la n ce silver band; has done much to fosler the study of tlrst aid in the Borough.

SERYIl\'G BROTlIERS.

1\1r. Daniel J enkins, Cwmaman, Aber d are

Qualifle d in am bulance work in 1898. Assisted in the formation of the Cwmaman Division in 1908 an d was appointed corpora l. Promoted amb ul ance in 1923 di\'isional supL in 1924. Established a nursing division III 192-+, and raIsed funds for the equipment of a medical comforts depot.

Dr. J ohn Wilford Cooper, Bridgcnd.

A pioneer of arnbu lance classes at K enllg Hill conducted open -air ambu lance c1as es from 1909 to 1 9 12 'w h en he was instrumental in forming a division of the a nd an headquarters. s a s u rgeon of the Bri ga d e , h? contll1ues to lecture to ambu lance, nursing a nd cad et dlYlSlOnS, and has tra in ed many teams fo r amb ul ance co mpetitions.

1'111'. Charles Iit chc l Kitto, N e\\' Tredeg<lr, Mon. One of the l ocal leaders of the movement· esta hl is lwd divisions of the Brigade in t h e Brithdir district,' and un t he

Alb.

January, 1930

formation of the D e ri, PontloUyn and Brithdir Corps appointed corps tr ea ur e r. Ha s given nUlllerous lectures o n Fir s t Aid as a pplied to Mine s, and, as s up e rintend ent of th e Ne w Tre d ega r Re sc ue Station, rendered valuable ervices in co nn ect ion with accident occurring in the m in (' s. I s a mo st e nthu s iast ic worker in thc ambulance ca u se.

Professo r George Knox, M.I.M.E., F.G.S., Radyr.

Principal of the School of Mine s, Trefo re s t and Crumlill (1\1on.), e n co ura ges the mining st ud e nt s to Lake up th e study a mbul a n ce work. I s a m e mb e r of the exec utive , a mbul ance finance a nd transport co mmitt ees of lh e Priory; r egularl; attends the m eet in gs, and t a ke s a k ee n int e re s t in all branches of th e Pri ory s work. l\lr. John M orga n, T y lo r stow n, Glam.

Assisted in the formation of the T ylors town Di v ision in 1907, of which h e became a m e mb er. Helped to establi s h a nursing class in 1916, an d was in str um e ntal in the formation of a cadet division. :-\ppoint e d \ ce- c h a irman of the P eter Haig Th o m as Inter-Co lli e r y Competition COl1lmiUee

1'1\ r. Th omas Aubr ey R ees , Tre h a rri s, Glam.

c\pp o inted secretary of the Tr e h arr is Divi s ion in 1917; promoted divisional s u pt. in 1922, and co rp s sec retar y in 1928. In st itute d the Caerphilly Ambulance L eag u e, a nd helped to obtain funds fo r the esta bli s hm e n t o f a m edi cal comfo r ts depot an d divisional headquarters.

Mr. Da\ id Caredig Williams, Ogmore Vale, Clam.

Appointed secretary of the O g mor e Va le Di\ isio n in 1 908, which appo intm ent he held until 1 923, wh en he was promoted Staff Officer. During t h e p ast four years has acted as compet ition sec r etary for the Glamorgan Co u nty Centre, a nd a djudi cated at competitio n s.

l\Ir. H. C. Worthy, Newport, Mall.

H as been a member of t h e A lexa ndr a Dock s class fo r the past nineteen years, an d has taken very g r eat interc t in the St. J o hn Ambulance Brigade. \ppoint e d di\ isi o nal sec r etary in 1923 ; a sisted at ambu la n ce co mp et iti on s a nd first a id classes. Promoted corpora l in 1 923, sergean t in 1926, a nd co rp s sergeant major in 1 929 SERVING SISTERS.

Mrs. M. de AcLon Redwood, Rhymn ey, Ion.

Enrolled in the Rhymney Nursing Di y is ioll in 1lJ1 7 ; appointed lady superintende nt in 1 922 Via s instrum en tal in raising se\ eral hundred pounds for hospital work du r ing the Great vVal'. Serves on the Infant Welfare Commi ttee, the N.S.P.C.c. Committee, an d is president of t h e Rh ymn ey Branch of the M0I1111outhshire Turs in g .\ ssociaL io n. T a kes a personal interest in the members of th e di visio n.

l\liss E. 1\1 . P richard vV illi ams, P enar th, Clam.

Appointed la d y di\ s iona l s uperint e nd e nt of the P en a rlb Nursing Diyi s io n in 1 9 1-+ and co ntinu es to hold thi s o ll i ce Maintains t h e int e r est an d e nthu s ias m of th e di vision by organ is in g lectures, spec ial classes and functi ons W;'s mainly r esponsib le for the establi sh ment of the P en a rll1 l\Icdical Comforts D e p ot

PRl ORY VOTES OF TllAl\'K S

Miss L. B. H e lli ar, Welsh pool, Mont.

Appoi nt ed lady divisional s uperin te nd e nt of the vV c bhpool Nursing Division in 192 3, is a mo st enthusiastic oillcer of the Brigade, and takes a ve r y active part in a mbu la nce work. I s a S e rvin g Sister of th e Ord e r.

1\Irs Bevan Ll ewell y n , Ll a ni s h e n.

For many years h as taken a l.;: ee n and active in the work of the Priory, an d in 19 18 wa s elected to sen 'c all its a lmonr y co mmitt ee. In 1922 t oo k over the Medical Co mfort s D e pot at Spl ott, which s h e work e d until sh e left t h e di str ict. Organised working pal-t ics for t he maki ng of maternity bags, w hi c h \ovork s h e co nLinue s to carryon.

January, 1930. FIRST

Fo rme.d an ::lI;l?u lance class at Splott, and was a mem.ber of a nursll1g dlvl s lOn of the Bri ga d e.

Dr. R. I? Thoma s, Wel s hpool, Mont.

I nstltuted ambulance work in lhe C f go meryshire over thirt" years ClO'O a d y 0 MontI n contll1ues to take a (Ce n II1terest In the work H as h e ld ffi tl P 0 Ice as co rp s s ur p-eo n to le owys a nd COI-PS for m a n y yea s W dP H -A r as m a e an o noral), ssoc la te ot t h e Ord er in 1912 E 192 d dC' sq mre ln 1 <til prornote to oJ11l11ander in 1927.

MERTllYR. NURSES RE CE IVE AWARDS.

Tnbute wa s paId a t a m eet in g in the Miner's H a ll 1\1c rthyr, to the memb e r s of th e M e rth y r Nul'S' - D' .. of the St. John Ambulance Br g'a de b LlIldg o BED t L d S C yay eW1S , ep u y a y upt. for W a l es, o n the service the', were 111 the relief of the s uffer in g in the di strict. )'

The wa S the an nu a l tea an d presentation of organlsed by t l:e L a d y Di v is ion a l Supt., Miss S. Wll ltam s Th e_Mayor of Merthyr (Aid F 1 B 'd d erman ateson) e , and there was a la rg e gat he r in g of \vOL kers and the o-e ne r a l ]) ubli c \. 11 f .::.. 1 n exce ent programme o mUS1C wa s g lve n by Mr. Fre d Ri chards and t Th M tl D'" par y. e - er 1yr lVl SlOn was established in 1914 a d 1 conll nued for the p ast fifteen yea r s to g.. t .' n l as , -'1 . _ " lH 1 S se rvlc es vo l unla ll.y 111 connectIOn cases of acc id e nt a nd s ic kn ess A l\l edlca l Comforts D epot was set up 1925 d hun dr e d s of m e di ca l requisites haye w ith s ick n ess in their h omes Th e div'IS'lOll 11 a lose d I - s a so o r O'a nIse c asses for Junlors an d a cadet nurs'lllg d' b . d I IV1SIon was reg lstere on t le 13th Septem bel' last.

L a dy L e \;i , in presenting the ambu lance awar d s to the nurses ,. .them on their work and ur ge d them co ntinu e tJlelr efficle n cy for the genera.l goo d She di sto t h e ca d et m em b ers a nd appea le d to th e women pie ent to enco ura ge t!le g irl s a nd boys to join th e classes, so that the comll1R o·ener at ion mio-ht be we ll e qUipp e d to deal with emerge n cy

A bouquet was presented to Lady Lewis I se nce \.v as mu ch app l-eciated. w lOse preApPREC1ATIO T OF SER\·ICES.

IS .r ea li se d how much the Ord er of St.

Jo l;n lS dlr ectly o r indirect ly to the relief of su fltS services are freq u e ntl y unr ecognised a nd UI1Th e follow1I1g.letter of a pprec iat ion frol11 the Secof the Council of the Young Men's Chllstta n ASSOCIatIOn I S therefore very O'rat if)' in o to a ll tl memb - 1 t" d b b c l ose el s w 10 par lClp ate In this particular work ;_

D E. \R SIR H ERBERT-

I by the annua l meeting of t h e

':"elsh Councd of the Young 1\len's Christian AssociaLlo_n convey personally to yo u and through you to the 91 d e l of St. 1.o hll, o ur ve r y d eep and sincere O' rat it ud e for the s plcI:dld as ista n ce g i\ e n to the Yl\I.C.A Di stress by the different branches of the Ord e r to r e lt eve cases of di st r ess, particu a rl y where sick n ess was prev a e nt. W e are g la d Lo record that the response of your bra n c h es w as prompt a nd grac iou s . We were h a ppy to co-op erate with yo u and thank yo u mo st co rdiall y for yo ur splen did a

On beh alf of the ational Co un c il (Signed) VV. J.' PATE. N atio n a l Secretary for Wale _, Members of the a r e a lw ays a m o n g the first to Icspo nd to calls for assIstance of any kind. Th e ir oblio-a Lion to fir s t aid i s inte rpreted in t h e broadest a nd the u-.s e rvlce s are volunteered n ot only in cases of sickness 111 all emergencies involving physical pain. Th e i; .has been foremost in co nn ect io n with t h e distressII1g preva ilin g in the flooded areas i n V\Ta les and lI1 s t a n ces h ave been I-e p o rt e d of members of the fnga de ha ving g iven exce ption a l h e lp in rescuin o- the undro'vvnin g and h e lpin g to food to those lmpn so n e d Il1 their houses.

A lb. 177

Detailed Marking Sheet, No. 20.

TEA 1 TEST.

CARD OF I NSTRUCTION Y l: ouse by a : woman s h akll1g vlgourously her husba d l' t t f n w 10 les m bed 111 a s a e 0 st u por. Act as you should

NOTE FOR J u p A DGE. - atlent dressed 111 pyjamas in bed i.s t " hiddefln beneath pillow, • 111 I on oor near bed. Ver small boy r eq Uir e d messenger, to? young to be sent fo/doctor. re9Ulred to a.ct as wlfe and to have the followin a rtl cles avallable ;-Mustard and salt t , bl g bl ld ' a espoon, teaspoon um er, co water, lukewarm water, receptacle to vomlt, permanganate of potash coffee d s lipp ers, etc. " ressll1g gown,

DETAILS OF TEST.

IMME DIATE ACTION t:roceed to neighbours house

Use e n couragll1g words to wife

On e Bearer d eals tactfully with wife

Another Bearer looks round for clues

Prom pt di scovery of Bottle

Examin.e bottle evzdence 0/ contents)

Com par e odour wlth breath (similar)

Su.sl?ect. poisoning with unknown drug _

ElIclt hlstory fro.m wife (size states tlzat lzusband came afte?' dznner and tlzat, wizen size tried to 1'ouse

It.zm for te.a, size fazled to wake Izim)

Engmre proxllnity ot doctor (400 yards) ." '"

EXAMINATION OF PATIENT.

Examine li ps and m.outh for burns (none)

ote state of breathmg (deep and stertorous)

Smell breath (lt ea-z.ry odour); test pulse (weak)

T est d.egree o.f consciousness (deep stuvor) pUpl!S (vel']l small, equal, react slowly)

Examll1e ,"omlt and pla c e in receptacle

Exclude any palpable injury (none)

T REATMENT OF PATIENT.

R ea lising state of suspected poisonino'

D eci d e t r eat as fa: Opium Poisoningb

Further enco ur agll1g words to wife

Forthwith send Bearer for doctor

1\1ake vigorous attempts to rouse patient:::

A:,k results (patient wide awake now)

Ldt from bed; co\ er with dressing gown

Protect feet with socks and slippers ...

Two Bearers proceed to march round room

<?th er Bearer rouse still further by flicking

1 ace, Neck and Chest with wet towel <-

Ask re.sults (patient responds to treatment)' "

Ask WIfe for mustard or salt and water

Mix emetic; test powers of swallowinO'

Mode of a dmini stering emetic h

Pr eserve \'omit in prepared receptacle

Ask for permanganate of potash

Prepare and administer antidote

A.sk wife prepare hot coffee; administer

Allow patient to rest in bed but keep awake

Cover warmly and av 'a it eloctor

R e port to doctor on his arrival

,-\ the. weekly drill on December 2-1-th, of the Finchley

S.J. A. B., It \\ as anno un ced that the Chief Commissioner h ad anct ioned the appointment of Pte. S. J. Stillwell to the r a nk of Amb ul a n ce Officer, and members presented l r.

Stillwell with a st ick, suitably engraved, as a token of the ir good wi shes

J a n uary , 19 30 .

Ratlway Ambulance News.

The Inter = Railway Competition , 193 0

THE conditions of the Inter-Railway Competition, 1930, or the chal lenge shield and of the St. John Ambulance Association were dIscussed. and, to some extent, revised, at a meettng of rad way representatives held at St. John's Gate, London, on December 16lh.

The contest will take place, as it did last year, at the Northampton Polytechnic Institute, Clerkwell, London, and the date selected is Friday, Mav 23rd.

- There will, as usual, be a preliminary competition for railways outside the four large groups, and this will be decided at St. John's Gate (or elsewhere) on Aprill 11 th, when, if nine teams or less participate, the one securing highest place (or if mure than nine take part, the two gaining the best positions) will qualify to meet the group railways teams on May 23rd .

This year there will be an in novation in the form of a rehearsal of the tests before the com petition proper commences to ensure that the judges, bystanders, etc , are familiar with the circumstances of the "cases" forming the tests imposed.

Although the competItIOn is confined to railways in England and Wales, it was agreed - that any of the four railway groups may be represented by a team or teams consisting of bona- fide employees located in Ireland.

Each of the four railway groups may, as in recent years, enter two teams in the c.ompetition.

Great Western .

A t a lunch eon at the Royal Hotel) Paddington, when the Divisional Ambulance Secretaries and members of the Central Ambulance Committee were entertained by the Great Western Railway Company on December 6th, 11r. 'vV. G. Chapman, who recently retired from the position of Centre Secretary, after nearly 20 years of office, was made the recipient of a pair of easy chairs, subscribed for by ambulance workers throughout the Line.

The presentation was made by Mr. J. F. Lean (Assistant to General Manager and Chairman of Central Ambulance Committee) who congratulated Mr. Chapman on his long and consistent service in the first aid cause generally as well as in its promotion on the Great Western Railway. In doing so he cited many innovations for whieh he had been responsible.

Mr. L ean's remark s were endorsed by Mr. S. J. Ball of the Office of the Superintendent of the Line and Mr. W. J. Waite (Worcester), the oldest Divisional Ambulance Secretary, both of whom expressed the hope that the principles which Mr. Chapman had always stood for in connection with ambulance work on the railway would be maintaijled.

In responding, 1\1r. Chapman thanked all concern ed for the valued token of their friendship , but said the real re 'wa rd in a work of that kInd was the privileg e of helping in a humanitarian cause He was sorry to grvc up the work, and asked the Divisional Secretaries anel all others work111g for the cause which they all had at heart, to accord the same co-operation to his successor as had always been 10rthcOlllll1g from them in the past.

Opportunity was also taken 01 the occasion to pres ent to Mr. J H. Hill, \\ ho had retired during the past year from the SecretaryshIp of the I ewport A Division, ant! who had been acllyely assoCIated with the movement for 37 years, with a token of esteem from his fellow Divisional Secretaries. This took the form of a silver cigarette box, amI in thanking the Secretaries for their gift, 1\1r. Hill referred to the progress which he had witnessed in the movement during his long association with it.

'\'OLV ERHAl\lPToK .-The Stafford Road vVorks Ambulance Class h as a L ect urer (Dr. 'vV R. Somerset) anel a Secretary (1\1r. C. E. Jones), both of \\"hom haye a re cord of a quarter of a century's service with that class.

This unique and creditable record was referred to at the annual gathering and presentation of awards helel at the Victoria Hotel, Wolverhampton, on D e cemb e r 3rd, when 1\1r. E. G. 'vVainwright (Divisional Locomo tIVe Superintendent), presided over a large company and distributed the certificates, etc.

Dr. Somerset, in the course of an interesting said h e always considered Stafford Road " the back bollL: of ambulance work in Wolverhamptol1." He could nor appreciate why more of this work was not done outsiel e the railway companies, particularly in connection WIth road transport. 1\1r. Somerset emphasised the fact that the railways had made great strides in accident preyen· tion in recen t years

Some excellent and much appreciated musical it ems were rendered during the evening.

GLOUCESTER.-The Gloucester G.W.R. team in a recent contest have again won the Gloucester City Challeng e Shield outright by a succession of three victories. The team scored 415 points, with the City Police as runners -up with -1-12 points, the L.M.S. Railway team third with points in a closely contested competIt1Oll.

PADDI" GTON.-Ambulance workers far beyond confines of the Great Western Railway learnt with r egret of the passing of Mr. W. A. Gaffney, in Windsor H ospital, on December 27th. Mr. Gaffney was of the stalwarts of the ambulance movement and pnor to retiring from Great Western Railway service in Febru ary, 1928 was for over ten years Divisional Ambulance Secr etary'of the London (A) Division He held the Compan y's long service meda ls, including the quarter -ce ntu ry efficiency award, was an inter-railway competitor of m any years' standing and a Serving Brother of the Order of ·St. John for many years. His .to the did not cease when he left the raIlway serVIce, for Slnee retirement he had been promoted to be Superintend ent of the Paddin g ton (G W R.) Division of the St. J 01-:11 Ambulance Brigade, which he joined as a private in Ap nl, 1904.

Prio r to the interment at S l o u g h on D ecember 31 st, t h e r e was a R equiem Mass at S t Eth elb e r t's Church,

FIRS T

Slough, and his old. office and ambulance colleagues a tte nded .at the Church and grave ide.

1\11'. Gaffney had practically made a life hobby of ambulance. work, and hIS conSIstent hfe of service for others was filt111gly commended by Fr. Kaye in an appreciativ(' ad dr ess .a t the ReqUIem, where the larg e number m attendance eV Id enc ed the great respect and affectJOll in which he \-vas h e ld

London, Midland and Scottish.

'vVESTIIOUGIITOK-The' Westhoughtoll branch of ?t. John Ambulance BrIgade held theIr anllual competitIOn l?r the Hulton Ambulance Shield at the Central Council .schoo L

The tests were of a high standard and Horwich )fo. 3 Erecting Shop team succeeded in the handsome ShIeld a total of points out ot a possible

The mach1l1e shop team also came third WIth 230§ po mts.

Indivijual tests w,.,ere ",:,on by 1Ir. Blackburn, Join e rs' Sho p No. J team WIth .)6 P01l1ts, and 111'. Radford Machine Sho p o. 2 team with 3S points. The poin ts obta1l1able in individual tests were 40.

The judging was performed by Dr. L. Unsworth (stretche r tests), Dr. ]. Clay Beckett (individual tests) and Dr. Sanderson (questlOns).

at stations

betwee n WIlpshue amI Hellifield inclusive are encouraO'ed 111 ambulance work by Dr. Shortt, of Clitheroe, who ha:; ge ne!ously undertaken to provid e prizes annually for competItlO n

The high standard of efficiency shown at the examinatIon recently commented upon by the adjudicator, Dr.. Vv dl ett, of Darwen, who for over thirty years has the rnov,ement on the railway, and en ] oys the dlst111ctlOn of be1l1g a Commander of the Venerab le Order of St. John of Jerusalem.

The arranged by 1\1r. ]. L Cowlisha\\', of .J?urnley, the dIstrIct secreta ry, and divided into two sect Ions, one for and second-year students, and th l' other fo r those WIth three or more years to their credit, and the result was as follows:-

First and second-year students: 1, T. Seed, Gishurn: 2, C. Buckman, Hellificlu. Third and ubsequent year students: 1, A. Spencer, Chatburn; 2, W. Teagle, Gisburn; 3, S. Ryder, Langho; -J., ]. Chathurn, Chatburn' and consolation prize, c:. G. 'Vils on) IIcllifieJcL

Mr. Woodhouse , the station master at Clitheroe, expressed the thanks of the class to Dr. Shortt for hi :.; and encoura geme nt , and to Dr. 'Vill ett for adjuuleat mg.

London and North Eastern.

N E. AREA

The formation of new classe s in this area is sti ll going There are now 92 classes receiving tUltton to l,,,h lch 1,<f39 books aJid bandages have been issued; and a pleas ing fact is that at York, Hull and Newcastle classes of the fema le staff have been cOl11menced.

On December 27th, just after 8 p. m., an engine, by ran into a s id ing at l\lalton, which 'vas Aooded oWing to the river Derwent ovedlo\\'ing it s banks and the recei\ 'e d a compound fracture o( the femur,' and the ilreman s.calds on hands and face, owing to the engine turnng oyer 1l1to th e nooded water.

A I D. 179

\\'alton, Fireman Ashman, and Porte rs Th easby an d,Dlcken so n ru s hed to th e scene and got the injured men to the bank, from four feet of water, cross<:'d a ditch and !lfted, O\'er a thorn hedge. before they could get them lIlto d an to take to the statIon, where the Illotor am bulan ce ,conveyed them to the hospitaL

_ 6r:t aid was rendered under exceptIOnal clrcumstances, an d the Injured men are well. '" '"

lIARCH:-This Division acknowledges with grateful th.1nks the ±urther encouragement to the movement created by the generous action of one of its past first officers Capt. W. Goodley, :'1. c., Carriage Cleaning Jl1tendent, Department, Li\'e rpool Street, who pronded a slh'e r challenge cup for individual competltlOl1 annually amongst our members.

:'1.r. Goodley, it will be remembered, captained our team 111 the ):ears 190-+, .and 1907, \\hen :'larch secure.d the RaIlway He 1S at present Chairman 01 the LIverpool Street Ambulance Di\'ision, and District

By cOl/rtes)' ] [L.N.E R. ,l/a6 a:;ine. ,\larch Sih'er Challenge Cup.

Ofticc.r-in-Charge of Public Duty, No.1 Prince of 'Wales St. John Ambulance Brigade fhe prospect of the trophy has aroused very keen ll1terest 111 the DIVISIOn, and .members are preparing to put up a good fight for posseSSlOn.

Souther

n.

DI\, ISIOX.\L AJ\IBUL\xCE CmIPETITIONS 1930

Teams are reminded to cnter for the at once. The closing date is ] antlary 31st.

It is anticipated that there be a record entry of teams, and some int eresting competitions are assured.

If all account be true, too, the competition for Sir Herbert '\Talker's Trophy for fema le cmp loy ees will prove to be a yery keen contest.

LE\\'Es.-The Lewes class hdel a largely attendecl concert, arranged in connection with the distribution of awa rds gained by the members of the class, and was helel in the Lewes Town Hall.

Durillg the eve1ling, the honorary lecturer, Dr.

icholl was presented with a sil platcd cake 'l casc' of tca kniycs, which gdt had been. su SCll [or by the members of the class as a malk of thell 'lppreciatioJl of hIS work , f ' The Doctor in reply, paid tribute to the effiClency 0 the members of 'the class, and expressed the l:ope tl t a team fro111 Lewe would enter the forth,commg because he knew that they would gl've an excelcnt account of themselves. '1' 'I An excellent 111usical pI:ogral1111le was durino' the evening by contnbutors who gaye thell serVIces .. for the cause."

II 1\1 K'n o' Geor"'c V. has graciously sanctioned the following: of RailwCl): ,to he crYing Brothers of Ordcr, 111 recogl11tlOn of t 1e on1:> and lTleritorious sen' lce: - r J J E tephen l\Iarsh, Inspector, Ashford, 0111 C"l " J . el' Ashford \ Norks (Kent); \ f\Tllham r. Burgess, ,I CS, 0111 G W N 1 G a·d Elect. Dept., Waterloo J eorge ea, u 1 Tonbridge, 'William Shernn, Guard, Ash.

J\mbulance Work.

National Police Competition.

ELIl\IINATING ROUND FOR LONDON.

A VERY interesting and well contested competition was held at Peel House, Regency-street, London, on Manday, January 13th, for of representing London in the forthcom.ln.g. NatIOnal Competition. One team from each DIvIsIOn .of the Ietropolitan Police and two from the CIty of London Police competed. Amongst those present were Sir Huah Turnbull, Commissioner, City of London Policbe and Major M. Tomlin, O.B.E., Chief Metropolitan Police. The Judges were Capt A. C. White - Knox, M .C. , M .B. (stretcher), and Dr. Davis

Many good performances were wItnessed, one of the best being that by Sergt. J. M umf?rd, captain "B" team, City Police, who gall1ed full marks in his individual test.

The result, announced by l\Iajor Tomlin, was as follows:

« F» Division l\letropolilan Police

The following was the Team Test : TEAM TEST.

This man was driving a small saloon car at ni g ht .wh en he sk idd ed i11to an electr ic standard a nd wrecked Ius. car which caught fire. He was of the car un conscl?us by a passing motor cyc li st and IS lyin g close to the burnl11 g car when you find him.

OTES TO ] uDGE.-B leeding wound, foreh.ead with 'I' . 1 t bLlrns face and hands, coat burned 111 places, g clSS 11 1, d' Tl fracture right ank le bone, protru II1 g. le lio'hts of a house 50 yards away a re VISible to Remove man to safe distance from fire , , \re there any obvious sig ns of hzcl110rrhage ! Yes blood stained wound on forehead

Remove piece of g lass

Immediate digital pressure

Cover face and hands to exclude (ur ., \sk cyclist to place his cycle so that lamp dlum1l1ates patient ,..

Detain cyclist for the moment

Examination of patient.

Feel pulse (quick and weak)

Note breathing (shallow) .,'

Examine scalp, ears, nose, mouth (wound forehead)

Examine pupils (equal and fixed) ..'

Detail examination of body for signs of Injury.

Trunk, upper limbs, lo\.ver limbs.

Find compound fracture above right ankle, bone protruding

Detail man to steady foot

Send motor cyclist to house to bring supp ly. warm water, baking soda and blankets and ask If telephone (none) ... Wound forehead.

Examine for signs fraclure (none) :

Iodine fingers, wound, and app ly dressll1g, pad and bandage ... . ..

Keep face hands still covered Fracture.

3 inches above ankle, bone protruding

Is there (very slight)

Iodine fingers, wound, dressing, pad, bandage ligbUy

Do not extend limb

Splints outer and inner side li mb

Bandage above and below fracture

Above knee and around both ankles

Broad bandag-e round both knees

;vIotor cyclist returns with waler, baking soda, and blankets.

Dissoh'e baking soda in warm water dessert spoonful to pint of Soak strips of lint in solutIon and dress han.ds

Cut mask for face, soak in so luti on and fix 111 POSitIon

Cover patient with blankets

Now send motor cyclist with his cycle to nearest hospital stating injuries and ask for doctor and ambulance

Ask him to notify Fire Brigade ... .., Send one man to house for hot tea and hot bottles

Identify patient

Is he recovered consc iousness? (yes)

Give hot tea, first testing his ability to swa ll ow Ambulance arrives.

Method

January, 1930. FIR S T

exam in ation which follows. It is indeed most gratifying to note that the numbers attending the first lecture was 128, this being an increase of nea rl y 100 per cent. above that of last year. This increase is undoubtedly due to the growing amount of interest that is now shown in all matters connected with first aid and ambulance work by all ranks of the Reserve.

A vast amount of hard but useful work has been got through during the first months of the formation of the ambulance section, as it is at present unofficially termed, and the credit and thanks is due from all ranks to the few splendidly co nsistent men of the section who have been working so well together, with the determination to make the result an unqualified success, as it most certainly is. First aiel efficiency is now to be the distinguishing mark of the City of London Police Reserve, as it obviously should be with the enco uragement given to it by the Chief Staff Officer, Captain Robcrts.

We have undoubtedly the finest headquarters of an y force of special constabulary in the kingdom, which incl udes offices, drill hall and a most ind ulgent and comfortable mess - the ,AI akefield l\Jess In fact from a first aid point of view we are particularl y well situated, with a complete eq uipment and first class instructors.

In tending recruits, especially first aid are aske d to communicate with the Hon. Sec. of the am bulance section.-SERGT. El\lERY.

Metropolitan Police First Aid Championship.

Peel House, Regency-street, \Vestminster, the trainin a establishment of the i\Ietropolitan b Police, was the scene of a very lI1terestll1g competit ion for the "Parsons" shield, which was presented in 1914 by :\Iajor E. II. T. Parsons, then a Chief Constable of the l\Tctropolitan Police, for ann ual competition.

The Judges were Dr. R. B. Dllncan, :\1.D. (tea m test), and Lieut.-Col. F. A. missioner No. 1 District, S.] .A. B. (llldlvldual tests)

After a keen competition the result ,,'as an nounced as follows :1. I'P" Di\' ision 170 2. "R"

:VIetropolitan Police, then presented the shield to P.C.254P. ]. Facey (captain of the winning team), and after heartily congratulating the winners, paid a great tribute to the judges for the able way they had carried out their onerous tasks.

Dr. Duncan and Lieut.-Col. Brooks in responding spoke of the good work they had had the pleasure of judging and hoped the tests would enlighten the competitors for future competitions.

Congratulatons are clue to Inspector Butler of Hackney, the competition secretary, and his able band of assistants which included Inspectors White (D) and 'Varren (W) Metro. Police, and P.S's Rose and Mumford of the City of London Police, for the splendid way the competition was organised and carried out.

The winning team was P.e. J. Facey (capt.), P.C. VV. Kerslake, P.C. F. Levitt, P.C. A. Fowler, P.C. \V. Chandler and P.C. R. Roots (reserve)

I t is interesting to note that P. C. J. Facey was notified just before the competition that he had been admitted as a Serving Brother to the Order of St. John.

J\mbulance :News euttings from the

,hOE PL.\NT C.U SES DEATlI.

-\.n elderly \\'oman stooped to pick up a magnifying glas::. \\ ' hcn the spike of an aloe plant in a \\'indo\\'-box: pierceJ her e)e.

The ::.ighl \\ t::. destroyed, and septic poisoning ::.cl in She died .Yews.

SEl' .\.LlCIIT BY CO(;GlI LO/.E;-\cES. .\ L}ck patrol, heard a cxplo::.ioll. ["lall1es came out from his trousers pockcl, hi::' coat and wai!:>tcoal were abo alight, and his skin \\'et::. ::.corched in places.

The fire \\,<1::. caused b\ some loose lhroat lozenges, COI1taining potas::.iulll chlorate, coming into contact with the plwsphoru -impregnaled sich> of an emply safety malchbox. - Dad)1 Clzroll/cle.

i\lOCl\'TAIN FIRST-AID.

10 115

"F" Division will therefore represent London in the National Final.

The competition was arranged by In spector E. Butler, who carried out his duties very efficien tl y.

The City of London Police Reserv e.

AT the time of writing, we are just beginning our annual course in first aid prior to the usual

Major M. Tomlin, O.B.E., Chief Constable,

\\'hile going clown Jacob's Ladd.er , the stcep hill on Kinder Scout a mountain in Derbyshire, a man tell headIon o Itecl for some yards, and rolled a considerabledistance.

Rambler - who g<we fir l aid found thal the patienl had broken se\'cral ribs. Ambulance mcn made a hand-seat and carried him up lhe Ladder and oycr Kinder Scout, to ColdClough Farl11 , Kinder. . .

Here the\' made a stretcher from a g'ate and earned him do\\'n to Ha;'lleld, \\ ' here he \\'as gi\ en medical attention, a Ill! later taken home h\' lrnin from I-byfield. Th e journey from Jacob's Ladder wiih (he injUl-ed man look nearly thre hours.-E'l'eltl·Il!]' Standard.

A I D. January, 1930.

Heart Affections-Their Cause and Prevention. *

By T. JEl\'NER IIOSKIN, M.A., M.D., i\I.R.C.P.

HEART disease is responsible for over 16 per cent. of deaths recorded and is the biggest problem that confronts the health authorities of the country.

The effects of heart disease are felt to greatest extent during the working years of and cause an enormous ,vastage of man-power 111 industry.

Heart affections occur at all ages, but thell greatest incidence is found during school life-i:e., from five years to fourteen, the casual agent being acute rheumatism.

._

Congenital heart lesions. are prescnt at birth. Cases of congenital heart are The condition is not uncommonly associated with mental defects.

.

I n con O'enital heart affections there is no active disease and the future of the child depends on the cxten t which the cardiac abnormality affects its normal function, R heumatzc Heart Disease.

Acute rheumatism is the main cause of heart disease and accounts for quite 60 per cent. of all cases of damaged hearts. The affection usually takes place during the school years anJ chiefly the valves, though a may involve the heart covering, or pencardlUm. Once the valves are affected, the damage is permanent and progressive.

A third class com prises heart affectIOns, whIch are due to syphillis, an acquired disorder.

1 Heart.

The heart is easi ly poisoned either externally or from a poison man ufactured in the body. All severe febrile ailments poison the heart muscle to some degree-e.g., pneumonia, influenza, diphtheria.

I t is usually after the milder attacks of influenza that one sees affected hearts. In cases of severe influenza the patient is ill enough to stay in bed two or three weeks and then take a holiday, whereas in the mild attacks he tends to go back to work after one or two days at home.

There are certain drugs which have a toxic effect on the heart muscle. The commonest are alcohol and tobacco.

Dental sepsis and chronic constipation are intoxications which arise within the body itself and exert at times a very marked effect on the heart.

Degene1'ative Changes in the Hea1't Muscle.

* Summary of a Lecture d el ivered at the Institute of IIygiene.

These are brouO'bt about by (i) Wear and tear of life; (ii) (iii! The late results of poisons; and (1 v) aulty habl ts. The wear and tear of life seem to loom larger and larger every year. Vast changes ha:r e taken place during the last half century. We Ilvc m?re than twice as fast and, as a result of our excessive energy output, we require to a greater further outlets for mental change and relaxatton. Hence the gradual appearance of places of amusement such as thc cinema, dog racll1g, and so on. I know you are thinking that grandparents must have had. a very tllne and, according to our present Ideas of. liVIng, no doubt had; but I personally do not belteve t.hat felt the want of all these excitements and, In their way, 'were just as happy and probably more conter:ted with their lot than is now the case. Certall1ly thcir menfolk had less competition to contend with, and the women were spared the constant worry of the domestic problems. The result of the present anxiety for speed in 0' up is that this generatlOn bas nf:ver learnt how to b relax. Fe,,, are satisfied with a quiet evening at thei r own fireside-or perhaI?s I should say gas-fire side-but must be hankertng after some excitement.

So it is easy to understand that man kind tends to wear itself out before its time.

My experience is that it is the keen man or woman- of business, with his heavy burden of responsibilities, who is of the chi.ef

He has worked hard all hIS hfe, often With Irregular meals and insufficient holidays, and perhaps even with inadequate night's rest. When he can get away from work he plays golf, shoots, or some other form of exercise. In the evening, either work, public dinners, plays, or bridge are his usual pursuits. And then fifty, or a few years later, he finds hIS ablltty for work diminished, his grasp of problems less !{een, or he is completely exhausted towards evenll1g; or he may have a sudden attack of giddiness, a sev.ere pain in the chest occurring without warnll1g dUfln.g a round of 0'01£ or at a public function. HIS doctor is called in and often finds a grave condition of the heart and blood vessels. Sometimes the onset is even more tragic, and death occurs from syncope, angina, or may be t.he first intimation of an extensively diseased cardIOvascular system.

Constitutional Factor.

This plays an i m portan t part.. The greatest asset a man or woman can have IS a long-live d ancestry.

The Late Result of Poisons.

Besides the poisons already mentioned, overeating must be considered. It is serious from the heart point of view than over. lI1dulgence in alcohol and causes a greater mortahty.

January, 1930.

The Preventzon cf .FIeart Ajjectzons.

FIRST

A congenital heart lesion is present at birth and cannot be prevented.

All that can be done is to guard the child as far as possible agai nst the various ailments to which the human race is subject. Warm clothing, sunshine, good nourishing food, and the avo idance of chills are typical measures to adopt.

Rheumatic Heart Ajjectz'ons.

The essen tial factors are (i) Early recognition and treatment; (ii) Absolute rest in bed for 3 or 6 months or more-cven the mildest case should not be allowed to take any violent exertion before 11 to 2 years from the 'onset of the trouble; (iii) Remove the "tons ils, '"' if' these are affected (if the child's heart is already damaged and unhealthy tonsi ls are found, wait until the acute condition has passed before dealing with them).

Degenerative Heart Cond-itions.

These are due to the stress of life, intoxications, or over-indulgence in food and drink, and faulty habits. The measures for avoiding them are obvious. The right recipe for a long life and and health is contained in the words of Dr. Hills Dally in a previous le cture in this series, viz., ., :Moderation in all things."

ATHLETICS.

Ejject of Strenuous Atlzletzcs on tlze Heart.

Nowaday athletics have become the aim and practice of all civilised races, and are universally encouraged amongst all classes of the population.

A healthy heart cannot be overstrained, and so even the most strenuous race will have no bad effect on it. The trouble occurs if an athlete is "stale" or contracts influenza, and still persists in his strenuous pursui ts. The heart then stretches, pcrhaps permancntly, and its power becomes correspondingly im pai red.

Another point is that when athletes find their chances of exercise restricted their highly developed muscular system, including the heart, tends to become impregnated with fat, and they become flabby. These flabby hearts are liable to give if a sudden severe strain is put upon them.

Strenuous athletics amongst young people are unlikely to harm the heart in any way, so long as they have undergone regu lar and sufficient training first. The untrained athlete is a potential vict im of strained heart.

The most strenuous forms of exercise are unsuita ble for older people, and, as the years go on, they will be wise to indulge in the less strenuous fo rms-walking, golf, shooting. Women and A tldetzcs.

I have come to the conclusion that athletics have no more harmful effect on women than on men, so long as there is no competition between

fettet's to the f;ditot'.

We are in no way respon sib le for the opinions expressed, o r the statements made, by Correspondents. - EDITOR.

RE PROl\IOTIO T IK THE BRIGADE. DEAR SlR,-

The question of promotion in the Brig-ade causes great dissatisfaction, and appears to be the most unfair part in our wonderful organisation.

The book of Brigade Regulations issued to Brigade Officers if honestly adhered to by all ranks, affords the best guidance in matters of promotion. In practice however, I have found that Divisional Officers, endeavouring in their Divisions to obey regulations, are subject to the whims and fancies of District and Corps Officers, who have various interpretations and happen to find cOl1\ enient loopholes. An examination conducted as per paragraph 15 (B.R.), by a District or Corps 0 fficer, who for ten or more years has hidden behind paragraphs 79 and 86, gi\ es much scope for comment. An Officer who has not trainC'd recruits, or done any drilling- never attended a camp-knows very little of parts 1 and 2 of the Drill l\Ianual, and if in addition, for a number of years has not passed a Brigade re-examination, I am afraid that his first aid and nursing knowledge \ on't be up to much. The result is square pegs in round holes. Examinations for promotions are bunkum, and favouritism plays a great part.

To my mind all promotions should be in recognition of exceptionally good and diligent sen ice in the Brigade, and to persons possessing other Association awards than just first aid, viz., nursing, hygiene and sanitation. If the e awards are of any value, all Officers of whatever rank, shoulJ have obtained them be/ore being recommended for promotion. L' nfortunately in practice, the depth of the pocket, and social standing appears to have been the main factor. A social standing may 1)1> extremely useful, but the most important thing in promotion should be Brigade efficiency (B. R., section 5). .\11 Officers should be qual{/ied for the rank they hold-and that qualification should be " i\lERIT. "-Yours faithfully, FIFTEEN YE.\RS BRIG \OE OFFICER

R A.S.B. R. (OLD .-\SSOCL\TION).

DEAR SIR,-

The Committee of the Royal Na\al .-\uxiliar} Sick Berth Reserve (Old Comrades' Association) ,vould he very grateful if you would kindly help them through the medium of your paper, which ha uch an extensi\'e circulation, to make their .\ssociation better known.

All present <md past R. N .A. S. B. R.'s who served in the Navy during any part of the late war are eligible to becon.le members, the chief object being to keep up the comradeship formed during the \\'ar. For the past four years a ReV nion and Dinner has heen held, and the fifth Re- U n if'n and Dinner will be held on 8th next, at the Derby Hotel Bur\,. Last year 100 sat dO\\'/1 to dinner, and we hope this that tJ;is number ·will. inc:eased.

The sub cription to the AssocmtlOn IS is. per annum, and the price of the Dinner Tickets is 5s. bd , 0 anyone wishing to become a member of the i\ssoclatlOn, or wi hing to attend the dinner, please 7end the necssary remitt ance to the undersig-ned.-\ ours faithfully, JOSEPII H. :'IL-\RSHALL, Secretary. 22, Bent-lane, Prestwich, Manchester.

Dr. Sidney v\T Fishe:. of London, f"!; InSl?ec.tor of :'11 ines, gave a very Jl1teresttl1g lecture on. FIr Aid 111 the Mines" at the Miner' Hall, Murton CollIery, 011 December 12th.

Our Nurses Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

MEDIOL COMFORTS' DEPOTS.-These depots are praying of great value to thc general public, both in providing them with necessary equipment in case of accident or lllncss, and also in doing so at a minimum charge, which latter is greatly appreciated at a timc whe11 expenses arc increased by the presence of an invalid in the house.

IIa tings ursing DiYision, S.J .A.B., is, thereforc) to he congratulated on opening a depot to pnwide com fort" for the sick poor of the neighbourhood.

·While on this suhjcct, the following cutting, taken from a Hendon paper will probably pro\'e hath intcr est ing and amusing reading:

I. L little thought. \\'hen I mentioned some time agn the Medical Comforts' Depot establishcd at the Club Housc hy the Nursing Divi ion of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, that J hould haye occasion personally to take ach'antage of its benefits. But owing' to 111y rccent accident, ] required the use of a pair of crutches, and as the result of a brain waye I applied to the Lady Superintendent, 1\1rs. Irwin, who immediately fitted m c out with an excellent palr, with all the late t (oh, very posh). I bcJieye I ha\'e to pay twopence a week for the loan, hut T daresay I can manage that by instalments. All I need now is a packet of coloured chalk to cnable me to sta r t l1l1sincss as a paye1l1ent artist."

:'1.\TERL\L FOR PRONS.-As a mcans of raising 1l1uch-needed Diyi ional Funds, No. 66 (Toynbec Hall) Nursing Division-which was only formed last year-is prepared to ell lengths of material for apron, cut full size, ready for up, at 3 / 2 each, postage paid. \lYill member \yho make their OW11 uniform remcmber this whell rcquiring some ne\y aprons? Orders can bc se n t (0 Lady Supt. :'Tis _ E. Rohinson, 79, Elgin Roar!, Se\'Cll Kings.

R\RXOLDS\\'TCK URSTXC The firs t mcmber of this Diyision to g'ain t.he long' sen,ice medal is 1\1rs. R. Holmes, who has just completed 20 year.' association with thc Drigaele. She fir t joined the Burnley Nursing Division, and for eight years was a good worker there. In 1917 shc llloycd to 1Iorecamhe anel joined that Division, and for the last five vears has becn a meml1Cr of the Barnolds\;\, ick

KINCSTON NURSING DIYISION (HESSLE BRANCII)

S. T.A.B.-The fourth annual dance of this Division wa:'he-Id at the IIessle Pari h Hall on Friday, January 3rd, a merry evening l)eing spent The member turned up in indoor uni form) amI worked very hard to makc thc cvent a success. CarniYal effects were a feature of the evening and caused much amusement. Supper was an informal affair, the Amhulancc Sisters acting as waitresses :1nd attending' to the needs of their guests

The cornpany wa received hy tIl'S. Whitaker, and included, hesides the Lady Diyisional Superintendent. :vliss Smith, and t h e Lady Amllulance Officer, Miss Stow, thc Divisional Surgeon, Dr. 1illigan, and tIrs. Milligan, Lady Corps Supt. 1\Irs. C TT arrison, Miss Tunley, R.R.C, and many other.

As in past years, Amh. Officer fnin c and mcn of his Division came a ong: to help their siste r s in the Brigac1e, and contrih\1te(1 in no small measme to the success of the funct ion,

SLOUGH 1 URS [;'C; DI\TrS ION, S.J.A.B.-This Division has recently held a competitiotl among its own mcmbers, A.S . .;\1iss 1\1. J01111S0n heing awarded first place. She was presented \\'ith the lIall Challenge Cup by Lady Diy Supt. i\Tr A. Hancocks) recciving also a small repli ca of the cup to he retained permanently. The latt er was very kindly giYell h)' :;\1r. /\.. J. IIall. The rtl11ners-up wcr e A.S. Beadle and A.S. :.riss 1\I. Brown.

NEW C\DET DlnslOx,-IIaving gained their Efficienc y Certificates, thc cadets attached to o. 6+ (Borough of Faling) Nursing Diyi ion, S.J .A.n., h:1YC now heen formed into a Cadet Di ,isio n. /\. di st r ilmLio n of tIle Certificates took place on Saturday, Deccmbcr l+Lh, at Sl. Paul's Parish Hall, Northficids, 1\lrs. 11. A. Fenton, wiie of the Divisional Surgcon , kindly prescntillg them.

On h e llaH of the Dn'is ion just formed) Lady AmI ). Omcn :'liss Daxter than ked :'f rs. Fenton :or performin g this sen'ice and Dr. Fcnton for all he had done to assi st the111. [n repl.'-, Dr. Fenton congratulated the cadets on t heir progTcss. Tn these days, \\"ith an eyer-increasing numher of accidents, there \\ 'as more ane! more need of Cl1l1hulance men and \Y0111el1. IIe was vcry glad to see th at the Brigade \\"ere training; the young memhers of the com111unity, so that thcy, too, were capable of doi.ng tllei r little hi t to\\-ards tlle relief of pain and suffering, After thc pr esentat ions, an e nt er tainment was gl\'cl1 In aiel of Divisional Funds. Among' other items, thr el little sketches \\'erc given hy the cadets illustrative 0 f the \\'ork of the memhcrs oi the Brigade.

C;rRL C\])ETS .\T B.\RRow.-Darrmv ur ing Divisio n, S.J .A.D., has recently l)e en interesting- itsel f in the cad ct 11100'el11e nt. Tnstruction 11as hCCl1 giYCJ1 in first aid to girls \\-llOSC ag:es rang-cd from 11 to 15 ycars Following this, a course in h01lle nursing: was g·iycn and on Deccmher 16th, Dr. Hl1thcrford nayne conducted an examinati()n ill this sllhjcct. Fort\'-sc\'cn cadets prescnted the111'ich'Cs. The tests \\'erc hath prac t i al and oral, in roll er hancla g:i n[2:. choicc and preparation ot a sick room, ]-)e (l1llaking, taking of tcmperat nres, making- poultices an d fomentations, and diets.

The examiner said that he was vcry pleased with the dcmonstration given) and that he would 11aye a. very good report to senc1 to II cadquarters.

DE.\TTT OF ,\ CU,\IBERUKD V.A.D. COMMAND,\NT.-On Saturday, Dec e mber 21st, tl1cre passed to r est a C0111mancJant \\'110 had workccl arc1ently in tllc V.A.D. caus C since SllC g-ainecl hcr First Aiel and Home Nursing- Certificates in 1910. Tllis was i\Iiss Ida C Kentish, of Bo\\' scar a oTand-c1all o hter of tllC latc Dean Close of Carlisle. thi;"lady formecl a V.A.D. in connection with thc RR.CS'.- TO. 2+ Cumherlancl. On March 25tll, 191 5, Dal ton Hall became a temporary ho spita l with 20 beds, () f v,rhich she was appoinlec1 Commandant. During' the fi fteen months it was open, 151 patients werc aclmittecl.

fn December, 1916. t1iss Kentish and her detachmen t were a.skecl to take charge of the Eng'lctl1Vvaite j\ IT ospital, which hac! l)cen opened the preyiol1s July "'nth 20 heds, tIle latter l)eing SUll equcntly inc r eased to 50· IT cre she worked until tIle hospital was closed in Apn l, 1919, 593 patients Ilaying hecn tenclcd in that pcriod, T11

January, 1930. FIRST

rccognition of her valuable serviccs, Miss Ke11tish was aw arded the .l\1.1J.E.

A I D. 1.85

l[a stillgs and Sl. Le()nards) 681' S ? 67()1; Sussex 3X (Ikxhill) &12, ' usscx _-I (Bexhill),

192 -1- saw the reoP"anisatiuJl uf VA 1) 21 C I

I d I I ;::' " 'T um )Clan , Ul: Cer lC ne"Y schemc) and since then, Miss Kentish has Walked f.or the cause she had so much to C l asses 111 first ald home nursin g have be en :1 f1 an;::,ed by h er at regular 1l1tervals, and her untirin o· ceaseless devo t ion have been an ll1Sp l1 atlon to those under her charo'e r Not only wiII Mi be by the V A.D. 1110\ ement, but by many other 111stltutlOn s with branches in the County. Shc was always rcady to help those in n eed had served as a Govcrnor ,of thc Cumberland Infirmary: {Ql .a long beSIdes bemg a zealous worker of the Na tlOnal :.oclet y for the Preventi<:m of Cruelty to Children. 11as hone, hu t her works lIve-an example for all thosc who knew hcr to folIow.

CHESIIIRE COMPETITIO;\'", B.R.CS. - The third an nual com,petItlOn for the Stamforcl Casket wa held at the Alb.ert Hall) Manchester on December 7th eio'ht teams The test.s .were into hparts :-f aJ t J InclJvlclual Test. l.n first a id (oral), Mr. A. H Bakel) M.B. Ch.B.; Inclivldl1al Test in first aid (p ractIcal), Capt. F Hilton-Sergeant, M.B., R.A.M.C

Part I (b) Indlvldual Test in home nursin o· (oral and practIcal) MISS M. J. CRoss, RRC '" ) Part If. Team Test) first aid, Lieut.-Col. A. Baxter h..A.M .C, (T) retd.

Part fIJ. l\.Irs. Rowland Burke) O.B.E. Bcds and certam. nursing equipment were kindly l ent hy the Ancoats Hospltal.

Tn tl:e First Aid T eam Test, two cars had collided and the dnver of had been thrown into the canal. He was not when rescued from the water, and had also. sustalned a compound fracture of the leg' . ·The only eq l1lpment avatlahle was some old linen and 'some boxes from a greengrocer's van. ;::, Home. ltl·sing Team Test consisted in treating a patient from burns and shock, getting her to hed and prepanng- for the doctor's visit.

The results ",,:,ere as fo llows, the total possible marks hCl11.!?: 1,000: -1-0), 889 marks; 24), Altnncham (Cheshirc 7+), 189 2 ., South WII"ral. (Cheshll"e 62); Chestcr (Cheshire 12); Alt rlllc!lam (Chesll1re 100); Bl1cklow (Cheshire 8-1-)' Hyd e (C heshlfe 146).

Owing to indisposition, tIle President was unable to att cnd, hut the Countess of Stamford., the donor of the Ca sket, :-vl10 was present., : rery kindly handed the trophy to the WI11Jlers as well as sIlver medals to each individual membe r of the tcam.

SUSSEX COUNTY COMPETITION, B.R.C.S.-Eleven teams entered for this competition which was held last mon t h at the Street Scllool , Brighton. A team Hast1l1gs) conslst1l1g of the Acting Commandant.

E. Redwood the Misses B. Redwood, M. Stone, J. h.oge rson /[rs. Rume Simpson was a\Narded fir t place, beatmg th.e runncrs-up-a team from Uckfield-hy :1 narrow margl11 of 3i! marks. The above-mentioned lad ies w}l) now represent their County in t.he Stanley Shield Com pebtlOn.

T hc County Director, Brig.-General F. Gore Anley. c.R., CM.G., kindly presented thc Cup (It thc close of the tests.

The marks awarded were as follows :? Sussex 14 (Hastings and St. Leonarc1s), 801; Su sex _02 Team Uckfield), 797.1; Sussex 202 (2nd Tcam Uckfie ld), 181; 6 (Rastlngs and St. Leonards), 74n; Susse x 56 743; Sussex 88 (Bognor), 739: 108 (Llttlehampton), 686}; Sussex 4 (2nd Tcam Hast111gs and St. Leonards») 6831; Su scx 4 (1 st Team

MOO RENDS URSINe; S J /\. B Cl- fi - t. I - 1 ., .. . .- clSSCS 111

11 S ellC ale )cmg ar ran ged by this Division to be held on AI ready bctwecn 25 and 30 memhers la\ e enrolled those who cannot attend in the aflerarrangcments have heen madc Ior instruction to he , :1\ en at a more. sLl1table hour.. This Division is to hc commended for It enterpnse 111 this respect I·t· that they ,\ ill he rewarded by a laro·e recruits. b

EIGHT D .\Ys i\lIuT \RY HOSPIT \L.-An AmhuS Ist e r send 111 t1:e following report:It ,: as first tJmc I elected to go for milital y hospItal tl allllllg, and despIte all the nice thino-s that Y.A.D,'s had said ahout it) and the fact that I 1 ece 1\' ed .a char1l1111g, letter from the :\fatron, which [ c!u t ched 111 my tor moral support, I \\'as feelin o yery 51Ck and orr}: tor mysel [ when my · train steamed intc) a way Ide at 10 p.m. on a dark, rainy night. But :'[atron.herselt and.the Sister were thcre to meet me, a, ktndly act whIch qUlckly put me at my case. Three mlles drtvc 111 thc mo to r ambulance, and we were at the small.llospltal where! wa to spend the next eig-ht days. tea and allCh\lches, I \\'as conductecl to my heclloom, Matron herself eel11g that I had everythin o- for m\ comfort. 1'">

Eyery morning .we rose at 7 a.m., hein o- called by a l:nald \\'ho hroug'ht wltll h e r tea and hot water. Breaktast was served at 7.30., after which we each made our own .bed and then went aeros from our quartcrs to the which consl ted of surgical and medical and fal11lhes \yards. I spent a certain part of my time in each, and the SlsteTs \\'ere most kind, explaining each case and t he nature ot the treatment given. I \\'a allowed to 0·0 round the. ward \"ith the :'1.0. and the Sister. and t \VO went into the theatre to \\'itness minor operatlOl1s.

." A mi)itary hospital is quite different to a ciyil one. Jl1 .the torm.er the orclerlie do quite a lot of the work, 1l1clucll11g wa hJl1g the patients and some of the dressings, whde cOlwalescent pa t ients as ist in keeping the wa;ch clean and tIdy ancl act as kitchen boys. But it is necessary to keep an eagle eye on th e orderly, for he is likel\' to {orget or neg lect his cluty and the patients suffer i;l COllSC'Cjuence.

T ,,'as off duty for three hour each clay either in the a fternoon or evening, and work ceased altog·ether for the clay staff at 8 p.m. The a fternoOllS and eYenillgs I wa 011 duty I \\-as left in charge of the ward. This was quite a ne\\' experience but I always felt that there was a fricndly Sister not far off, and that helped immen elY.

( The most trying' experience ·was that of washino'-a hahy, three clays' The preyioLls day I had ister, hut I was terrified when she told me to take an infant out of his cot and l)athe h1m. Despite my protests that I houlcl mo t certainly drop him he just said (You dare!' and stood he icle me \Y]lile T performed the dou,!?:hty deed. It really was not 0 bad as I had imagined, hut a fen 'e nt prayer of thank giving \\"el1t up from my heart as I laid him down a leep in hi cot.

" The time went all too quickly. The last day arrived. :1nci 1\Iatron called me into her office for my exam .-th e only horrid moment of my tay. Ho\\,e\'c r, J do not think T did too badly. A la st look at the wards farewells to the Si ters who ll ad heen so exceedingly kind to 111e, and t.he car hore me away. I hopc it will not he three years hefore T ;1ll1 allowed to r eturn "

(Divisinnal news sncifll, interesting (Juties, lectures, etc.), for this page shnnld be to Ambulance sister, c/o The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon S,., London, E.C.4·

Queries and J'nswers to eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules:-

1. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left band corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 46 CannoD-street, London, E. C. 4·

2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" c at from the current issue of the J ()arnal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.- The Textbook, to which reference may be made in these columns is the 38[h 1I928) Edition ofS J.A.A Manual of First Aid.

DISLO CATlO:\ OF TilE LO\\-ER ].-1.\\'.

A B. (Ch est e rfi e ld). - \\'hile reading- the Textbook \\' ith reference ttl Injuries to Joints (p. 82), I ,,-ondered what is the pe cial treatment for Dislocation of Lo\\-er J a \\. and \"bat are the complications.

The special fir t aid treatment for this condilion is to make no attempt to reduce the dislocatil)n, to support the jaw and to get patient a.., quickly as possible to medical a si tance, by aeroplane if a\'ailable. The complications are fixity of 10\\' er jaw \\-ith los of function, profound discomfort-to patient amI los of control of sali\ a. - ;\. CORBET FLETCHER.

EXA:'-11:'\ \.T10:'\ HO\\ LER.

:\1. R, (Cannon-street). - Some t ime ago \\ ' as examllltng a class and asked one candidate what \"as the first step in treatment of an un c ons c iou patient found in a gasladen room. "\ ou may imagine my amu ement 'when he replied: "Catdz hold alld drug him out of the room.' "

Good! please! !-:\.C.F.

FRACTuRE OF

H.G. (\\-e tbury). - In treatment of Fractured Femur should the first bandage for control of feet be applied as figureof-eight or imply tied round the ankles? Please accept our best \\'ishes and many thanks for your e\-er instructiye answers.

.\ bandage tied round ankles is much less secure than one applied round ankles and feet. So you should apply tllP bandage under as a figure -of-eight, more especially as the Textbook (Rule 2, p 71) tells you to "tie the feet firmly together."-;\.C.F.

POSI'flO:-; OF BODY.

H.S. (Hulme). - Cnder treatment of Fractured Arm (Textbook p. 69) I always con idered that the reference to "front, back and outer side" of limb applied when forearm was at right angles to arm and palm of hand towards body.

From your rulings gi\-en in ;\' oyemher and December issues of FIRST .-\J[) I see that I am wrong. Thi confuses me as regards the treatment of Fractured Forearm, becau e, if \ye carry out treatment in accordance ,,-ith instruction at foot of Frontispiece, \\'e cannot reproduce Fig. 38. I wonder, therefore, if the Textbook should rcad : "Apply plints on front and back of forearm." I shall be grateful for your comment on this matter.

Your point is a good on ; and certainly the Textbook

A I D. J anuary, 19 30

"'ould be correct if it in:"tructed you t o :"plint tLl" <;nd back" of Fractured Forearm. The fact, ho\\-e\ er, is that the Texbook by rea on of dealing \\-ith surgical matters i - not al\\-ays exact, a, for a n example, in its del1nition of a plint (p. 57) ; and I a k if plint ahi.'a_,·s" keep the joints immediately abo\ e and belo,,- the fractured bone at re t."

o YOU must accept "inner and outer ide." a a n and ea ily under - toad reading for "front and back," more e pecially in \-ie\\' of Rule 1, p. 71, "'hich intructs you to place forearm at right angles to arm be fo re doing- anything else. - :\. C. F,

H,-E:'-IORRHAGE FRO:\l I:-;TER:->.-I.L ORG -\:-:.

D.C. (L1anelly). - In a recent competition we had to treat a man '"ho \\-a upposed to ha\'e recein·d a bullet ,,-ou nd in the che and to be suffering from e\ ere Intern a l Bleeding. .-\s I \\'a at the head of patient, it \\'as my duty to treat him. 0 I applied smelling alts to hi nostril and sprinkled hi face ,,-ith hot and cold ,,-ater al ternatel \-.

The doctor came up and asked me if I l.;ne\\' th a t patient was suffering from, Internal Bleeding, and th a t by stimulating him I ,,-a likely to encourage the bleeding-. I said to him: (\\'ell, .-ir, the Textbl1l1 k tell us to do this." Then he replied: "To Hell w i h that book! Don't do it, or patient will bleed I death! "

X ow, I a k YOU \\-hat am I to do under the circu mtances. .\1 -0 ,,:ill you please tell me the condition fQr ,,-hich it is dangerous to stimulate the patient?

:'11 \' advice is that you should tudy your Tcxtbook m ore Glrefuli y , because on p. 122 I find no to sprin kle th -! face ,,,i t h hot and cold water alternately, and becau e III leading term " I nternal Bleeding" no -longer fi!{ure s il1 page. If your tRtement of fact, ho\\'eyer, i correc t you ,,-ere in good (or bad) company because your J udg-e a lso did not knO\y the Textbook and judged its in truction o n \'L)ur statement.

- :\lany doctors di agree \yith the Textbook and reg ar d the application of melling salts to no trils a dangerous 111 uch cases; but mo t reali e that competing teams are judged on the instructions of the Textbook, and act accordingly and allot a negligible fig-ure (one, or at most two marks) to details \,-ith \\-hich they are in disagr eement.

For your infonnatiol1, I remind you that H&morrh ag e and Head-injuries are the conditions for which all forms of stimulation are F.

CO:\IP01J:-\O FRACTuRE OF FDll"R. :\1. R. (Huddersfield).-In treatment of a Compound Fracture of Femur fragments protruding and limb great ly deformed, \\-e are merely told in the Textbook not t o attempt extension and are given no alternati\ e meth od other than to straighten limb without using force, a n d to secure the long plint with bandages.

Some of us ba\'e been in competitions where the doctor-judge has approved an angular splint, combin ed with upporl beneath the knees as a means of ecuring without straightening the lim,b. Others, hov,'e\ er, in the same competitions have put up the limbs as straight as possible without using- force, and have applied the long splint as laid down in the Textbook. ,\Ve shall he grateful for your ad\'ice, a ,,-e cannol agree among ourselves as to thc correct treatment.

The Textbook, on p. 15 (par d), tcll you that it-; "directions and illustrations are intended on ly as a standard of treatrnent," and that in cases of difficulty it will be nece ssary to comply with principles of treatment in the best

manner con tent ,,-ith actua l circum tance. You cannot, therefore, hold the Textbook respon ible for your \\Tong treatment.

Y our q u ery revi\-e an old competition cr ".-hich i mo t to judge, if only becau e It IS "Ible to reproduce 111 the competition room a Fractured Femur,. fragment pl-otruding and limb greath- deformed." The pOint, which many camp titors do not reali e " that any tractIOn on the foot ,,-ith :uch an injury t' xtension

C nder the e circum tance therefore, you are driven to a dopt - orne such. as you de cribe ; but, in "ie\y of the that an ed angular plint liable lo lip, I \\'OU l t at you commence treatment by bandaging' unbroken _11mb (bent at the - ame angle to the broken limb) a nd that: ou place your upport, be it pillo\\" or a r olled coat, In po Itlon at the earli po sible moment'.C.F.

BITES OF RABID _-\1\"D!.-I.LS.

.\.C. (Dublin).-l.:nder treatment of Bite of Rabid A.nimal the (p. 133) tells us to apply a dre sing \yhen ha ceased. I \yant to a k YOU when has bleedIng cea - ed and \"bat ha cau - ed it cease' and I thank you in anticipation of your kind reply.

Bites of animals u ually cause lacerated ,,-ounds \\'hich to bleed Ie \'igorou Iy and to cea e bleeding more than inci ed \\'ounds. Refer to p. 91 of Textbook.:\.C.F.

TREADIE:,\T OF Bl-RST Y ARICOSE \ -EI:'\.

\\-. P. (Burnley).-.-\s \\'e are in doubt about the illstruction o! with reference to treatment of Bur t Vanco e '\ eln R et out in Textbook (p. 115) we yenture to a . k you the follo\\'ing queries.

(1) Rule 3 mean we are to apply digital pre ure dIrectly on the bleedII1g part? C nder treatmL'nt for Arterial and " enous Bleeding (pp. 94 and 113) Textbook u - to apply direct dis;ital pres ure; but It doe not de) 0 under thi headino,

(2) I?oes 5 mean that ",rare to apply pad to "ound \\-Ithout dOing the u ual treatment for a \yound accompanied by \ enou bleeding?

(3) Do R ule 6 and 7 mean that we are to maintain pre ure e\-en after bleeding i controlled by direct method with pad and bandacre ? \' e de ire to get the e difficul ties cleared a \yay a we hall .hortly be competing in a Competition. - \\ 'e thank you In adyance for settling our troubles.

Yes, with ?-nti eptic precaution .-\ Burst -aricose \- eII1 lS a ,,-ound \\,lth \'enou bleeding.

. l'o. A there is a wound you should treat ,,-ound In ordinary way as laid down in Texthook before apph-incr pad. .J :-.

(3). Yes. The Textbook throughout its pages adyi e hrst .\Ider .to adopt afety First methods; and the R u les should certa.1I11y be applied in the Competition R oom. In prc .ctlce, ho\\,eyer, your decision ,,-ould depend on C1 rcumsta I?Ces. If cou ld stand by patient unti l the doctor arrn -ed, you might decide after a time to 100 en these t \\'o bandages and to watch e\'ents, immediate ly re-tio-htenil1cr t hem if there \Va any recurrence of b leeding.- b

FRACTURE OF AHi\I.

R F. (Sirmingham).- I n a rece n t competition the lla d to treat a girl g u ide w ho had fallen into a canal and had been crus h ed between a barge and the canal w a l l. The teams di scoyered by examinat ion that the crirl was supposed to ceased breathing as the r esult of her

imme: ion and to ha\'e u tained a imple the RIght .-\rm at the houlder Jo;nt.

:\fter the competition the judge said that if member of the econd team had only applied a splint to the Fractured .-\rm, they \\'ould ha\'e \\'011. .\$ an instructor, I ha\ e been ask.E'd. ho\y to apply the "plint ; and a::I do not kno\\' how It IS to be applied 1 a ];: \-l1ur \ ie\\-s on the matter. -

.-\ the fracture \\ as at the ,- houIJer joint, 1 <1 h) pll'ad Ig-norance. Furt.her, a the competitil.)n wa s conducted on th Textbook wblch doe - not recommend tIle u a - I' f F l.' < :,.p lilt ractured _-\rl11 close to houlder, I am l)f opinil1n in \'le:Y.of your tatement of fact, that the less said a h L11Il 'the den Ion the better for all concerned.-:\". F,

CO:,\DlTT OF CO.\lPETITIO:\S

D. D. (.-\ccrington),-In a recent competitil111 the po -sible mark - fo: team test "'cre 30 , for indi\'idual t e s t s bOo and for que - tlOn 3bO. In the result ".-\" te,lIn \yhich had cored 2;, marks in team test totalled 34 - marl-and so beat" B • team which had cored 29 m a rl.;:team te t. These eem to u gros h unfair in a team competitIOn, and \\'c hall \"elcome ,:our \ ie\,, - on the matter. -

I agree ; I fear that the responsibility r e:,.t nd ,,-ith the \yho Judged (he Yariou te t - but with those reP?I1.lhIe fo: conduct. of competition. Curiou -Iy 1 a. ubJect \\'hlch 110 reference i - usu a lh I11 tde in the ongmal lOstructlOn to the exam illing doctors.'

In a properly conducted contest a dennite number of marks hould be allo\yed for each section, the r:llil) being beforehand. For a teum coml dilion, 1 a m the total mark - - hould be 500 -2 50 fl)r te a m , bO for lOdl\'ldual, and 100 for guestil1n tests. :\. C. F

H. E.\lORRH.-\GE :\

E.:\1. -op).-In the Textbook ,,-e are tl)IJ tl) raise patient hand aboyc hi - head in treatment of H L1110rr. hage from ;\o -e.

In a recent examination I heard lhe dl)ctlll' say tha t treatment ,,'ould tend to increa e the 111 tead of controlling it. I hall. therefl)re. este e m it fa\'our if you will gi\'e me your opinion.

Ele.\ ation of the upper limbs abo\'e the head the. of the che t. the lungs l'xpa;;d. TIus, lO cause the large enou trunks entering the heart to dilate so that the return of \,enou bk)l)d is facilitated and the bleeding from nose i lessened. 0 stand by your Textbook.-N.C.F.

TE -n:-:G SmETcHER.

A,. G. ( kegnes ).-1 hall be grateful if yOU ",ill tell me the method of te ting a tretcl; r. 1 ha\ -e een it upon \\'ith di a - trou con<;eguence to the cam'as lO one Instance. I hall be glad if YOU will end an an ,,-er by po t a - \ye ha \'e a com peti tion ill ten daytime

Testing retcher in the e day - of close competilion - has ass u med an Importance which it does not deserye. In Competitions the point ought not to ari -e or to recel\-e mark, as the equipment hould al" a:" be inspected before the squad go s on duty, more e pecialh- in \ ie\Y of Ge?::al R egulations which tOI-es and to be 111 clean and proper condltH n read\' for immediate LIse or_ !nspection." Similarly, in As ompetitil)ns effICiency demands an equal attention to equipment. nder these circumstance _ testing , tretcher can be

FIRST

quite well performed hy close inspection of canvas, slings and poles with specia l attention to lo ck in g of traverses. As a judge I hm'c a particular dislike to theatrical displays - arms outstretched \\'ith snapping of fingers, and a positive loathing for stamping on a stretcher with muddy boots, and other <;uch antics.

Your request for immediate answer is contrary to rules and cannot be honoured for oh\ ious rca ons. \Ve hope, howe\'er, that your team \\'on and did not stam p on the st re[(' her.-;'\'. C. F.

:\IEDALJ.ION OF ASSOCl r\TTON.

,\.c. (St. John 's Gate). - In your anS\\'l'r to query of :-tbo\'(' 1itle puhlished in issue of FIRST \rn you do not make it clear that the final eX;:ll1lination for the Illedallion of the St. John Ambulance \ s!-.ociation must invariably he in first aid.

\Vc thank you for your letter; :-tnd we note that the ccrtificate in Hygien e Illay be used as part qualifica1ion for 1h e medallion p:-O\ ided that twch'e months intl'r\'CIll' Ix,tween t I'.'t) examinations in first aid and pnwidcc1 that the lac:;t cxa mination is in first aid.--EDlTOR.

BREAC[[ OF CONFIDENCE.

B.F. (North of England). - 1)' attention has been drawn to the fact that some person wrote to you under tbe title of his rank in my Division and that you made reply in a recent iss ue. I shall be glad therefore, if you let me have a copy of his letter or alternati\'ely the name and ;lddress of your correspondent. I trust that you will be able to comply \.yith my request, as the matter under discussion comes wi th i n my jurisd iclion as Su perin tenden l of the Di\'ision.

\Vi th regret \\'e must decline to accede to your request \"hich would in\'oh'e a breach of confidence, because \"e regard all correspondence as strictly confidential. EDITOH.

SUB;\llSSION OF GRIE\'AKCES.

E. E. (Eastern Counties). - I ha\'e a grouse against my Superintendent and \yonder how shou ld proceed in the matter.

\\Te have not published details of your grievance which is not our concern. If, howeyer, you fecI that you have cause for complaint, then General Rcgulations tell us that you should set your grie\'a nce in writing and fonyard it to your Superintendent with a \\TiLlen request that unless settled the matter should be placed before the Assistant Commissioner where one exists or the Commissioner of your District. If after lapse of a reasonable period (one month) you recei\'e no reply, then you are ent itl ed to place the matter yourself hefore LheCotTlmissioner. If you are not satisfied with his decision or opinion you may claim to ha\'e the grievance on representation submitted to the Chief Commissioner. -EDITOR.

SERVICE MEDAL.

C. H. (Southern Counties).-I shall be g lad if you 'will tell us why it takes so long to get the Service led a l when this has been earned by 15 years efficient service. have been told that it sometimes takes a long as two years before the medal is delivered. 1 have asked our Officers for an exp lanation, but they can only say tllat it will come a ong "som.etime or the other." So I turn to you because you can usually clear up our di fliculties.

You forget that the Service l\[edal is someth ing far hetter than a long erv icc medal, though some folk erroneous ly so call it. Length of service is only part qualification in it s award, and the medal is gi-I'e n by the Order of St.

A I D. January, 1930.

John only after the most careful scrutiny of all details of the candidate's record during 15 y(>ars.

vVh e n, therefore, Brigade Headqu a rters have satisfied themselves that Regulations have been kept, the application must be fon-varded for sanction of Chapter General, whi ch only meets once a quarter. You must also remember that some 500 Service l\ledals are a\varded yearly and must rnake allo'wances for the time spent in investigations, for after all there is only a limite d staff at Brigade H eadq uarter s whi ch probably deals wi th more than 600 applications in the year.

vVe question seriously your statement that it takes tw o years to obtain the medal, though can well see that under these circuillstances s ix 1T1Onths m ay elapse hetw ecn the applications fOI- ancl the rcceipt of the medal, hoth of which pass "through t hl' usual channels of CO l1llllll nic:-tt inn ." -En ITOH

PROi\IOTTON IN BRIGAnE.

K.C. (Northern Countics). -.- I seem to h ave started the hall rolling with what 1 may ca ll a "St. John P ee l Gallop" hy Illy query publi s h ed in Novemher issue of FIRST Ail). I little thought m )' letter would make such a stir. It scems to prove that up and dO'wn the country Superintendents arc ruling their Divisions as blatant autocrat s and without any r eference to their Divisional COIllIII ittees.

But tbere am taking your advice, which I kno \" is so und. Before I wrote to you I was, like' 'Disgust ed Private," ready to pack upand chuck it. Now I will n ot quit; but I will ca rryon, as the Cornish miner say, "just to spite h ee."

So tell" Di sg u sted Private" and any others und er simi lar circumstances not to pack up lest they miss the opportunity of doing good when it comes, ancl the sat isfaction of knowing that they wcre ready an d qual ifl ed to help 'w hen the call came. So please accept 111\ hest thank for a ll the help ",11ich FIRST ,\If) and Dr. Corbet Fletcher give us.

Bra\'ely spoken and 'well done! !-EDITOR.

A profit of £235 was made at lhe vVe sLon-super-!\ [ are November Carni\'al, and the whole ot this amo unt \" ill be de\'oted to the lo ca l S.J .A. B. Building Fund.

StaFf.-Sergeant J o hn Barker and Sergeant Rob ert vV are, of the Burley Division of the S.lA. B., have been adm itt ed as Sen'ing Brothers of Lhe Order of St. John.

The prelirninary rounds in the Durham Bronze Shiel d, the C. B. Palmer Bowl, and the Gibbon Bowl amhulan ce contests, were held on Saturday, D ecembe r 21st, in the Carlington Technical College. Th e m ,vards were follows :-G ibbon Bo"vl: Blackball, 158; Billingham, 141 ; Darlington, Hi ; Horden, 137. Palmer Bowl: Blackhall 131; Horden, 128. Durham Bronze Shield: Darlingto n, ; Bla ckhall, ; Horden, 73.

RESOLUTIONS FOR 1930 FOR R EADERS N.R - It Jll ay not mean you :-

To read the Notice to Reader s

To send in any items before the date state d (12th).

To se nd to the correct address.

To write on one s ide of the paper, and le ave a margi n.

Th e write all names of persons and places legible, as th c Editor may not be very sma rt at gu('ssing.

To enclose n a m e and address, as for all the Edit or knows, the report may b e a pl-actical joke.

To note that photograph s noL exceeding postci1rd size are 111 are convenient than big ones.

cOldX,2 bY.sonin K 0 ""

mustard, gInger, castor oil, and garden beet-rheu::atism II!' etc., ARE with kerosene lin.setd oil, diseases-the beetroot is used for dela) ed . d nervous disease With celery-the If mon cures 29

-sB\G VOLU THE HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIAN.

OOWIi ,

You can examine the Work at the address given below, or send Free Coupon.

written by eminent 5pecialists, Physicians and Surgeons, deserl'be" 'In' I I • h ., sImp e anguage Wit helpful Coloured Plates and diagrams THE DISEASES OF MEN WOMEN AND CHILDREN, with com lete CAUSE,. AND CURE, The 500 Illust ration s a f on preventatlve medICine, the SCIence of hygiene, ph) sical culture, t tc overlay each other makes th n dUo -page ates and Anatomical Models showing Ihe Organs of the Human Body exactly as they e rea 109 matter more eaSIly understood.

First AId A FEW OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED: Influenza Colds etc Wbat to Do in Emergencies The Teeth T Measles, • Treatments for all Skin DIseases The be Principles of Nursing " How to R d S Inval!d {ookery Treating DIseases by Water SI ea ymptoms Infant Welfare Surj!ical DIseases

"Herb" Root and Salt RemedIes TheePE and Bedding, The Expectant Mother Brain and Nervous DIseases Corns and Warts Th: The, t e Ear Happy Motherhood Dlseasfs of Old Age

Dieting for DIsease Th N roa hy Diseases of Infancy

Treatments for Beauty Th: Hose t The Chest How to Treat Accidents The PrJDclples of Phrenology

Physical Culture Th Stear h Neurastbenia Shingled and Bobbed Hair, Exercises for all Purposes Tb: The Lnngs Pleurisy Diseases of Hai r and Head

THE YOUNG W - r Hygiene, Anatomy Pharmacy Adenoids, etc., etc.

This k' .1 anld the experienced married woman will find all they want to know made clear. wor glVes, In sImp e lan guage that knowledge I d d desires to give his son' but h d l' h o?r young peop e nee to- ay. This is the information many a good father MOTH . e .oes not mow ow to set 3bout It.

to (leve l?p naturally will find exact:y the teaching tl:ey need.

Th h d 'YI nd theIr dlfficultles regarding health fr3nkly discmsed. ere are un reds of subjects of value to all Th 1 h d' diseases from appea n f h d f e muse es, teel IgestlOn, han, food values, ]U-]Itsu, phrenology. How Lo diagnose ra ce 0 ea, ace, tongue, throat, chest, perspiration, etc.

THREE TESTIMONIALS FROM HUNDREDS RECEIVED.

• have gained in each of the 8 lest exam= 10atIOns •• the knOWledge of which I attribute to your volumes, I have yet to m et my defeat in Ai\IBULANCR EXAMINATIONS"

"Very please d and ddighted with same. They are WrItten explamed so plainly lhaL I am suro! everyone who .studles them mu st understand, and, again, the IlIus= tratlous are so true that anyone who had no k!10wledgt; at all about the part eular disease the dIagram Illustrates, would surely recognise it when seen on anyone."

1'-

-: POST FREE COUPON

Red Cross Branch News.

OXFORDSlIIRE BR. \i\ Cll.- OnCC again thc a nnua l report of thc Brancil 5ho \\ '5 progre s.

'1 he l".me r gcncy 1:< und continues to sene its purpose , a ltho ugh Je\\ cr calls haye bee n made. l" ourleen applIcants Jld\ 'C r eceived h el p at a cost of £20 17s 6d., ot WhICh amount 7/6 has been refunded.

Tll': Hlood Ir a n siuslO n Service i now in working orde r and admirably f uJhlllng the useful purpose, thanks to an address g l\'c n by 1\1r. OliYer, u.B .Ii., on the .. Romance of blood 1 ran f uslOn.

1 \\,enty-elght mcmbers of the V.A.D. o. 8 (Commandant Mrs. A. Rlchardson, l\l.B.E.), enter ed the first Aid .t..xamlnatlOll and 1-+ passed and gained their certIficalc. Dr. Harnes and Dr. vVIlliams h ave given lectures in hygIene and sanitatlOn Two m emb e rs arc teaching girl guides \! .A.D. 't\ 0 .2 2 Witney (Commandant Miss Bliss) have steadily increased their membership, which now totals 36.

At the vVitney Carniyal in ] uly and again at the W itn ey Feast Fair in September, a first aid post was equipped and staffed by V.A.D. 22 SIxt ee n cases were treated

A team from B.R.C.S. No. -+6, S ou ldern, won the Lady Cartw ri g ht Shield at Oxford, whilst 6 members of the B.RC.S No.2, Oxford City, hav e attende d at the Radcliffe Infirmary and W ingfie1d 0 rthop ce dic Hospitc\'l.

Two Mobile members of the V.A.D. No 28 Bicester attended the RA.F. Hospital for 8 days' training.

The l\Iatron of the .Kadcliffe Infirmary wrote, thanking for serv ic es r endered

The ann ual inspection was h eld on Octob er 19th, Col. J. Powell} RA.M.C., being the insp ecting officer. All D etachments inspected receIved congratulations on their smartness.

l\Iiss Burchard t has resigned from the office of County Secretary, w hi ch she has held since the formation of the B ranch, 1909 She h as done most valuable work during this period a nd h e r seryices will be much missed. She h as been electe d a member of th e Ex ec u t ive Committee and a life mem be r of the Society. As a slight acknow led gment of her work, she has been awarded the Society's Badge_

SUSSEX BRANCII.-The Suss ex Branch of th e British Red Cross Society h e ld a first aid competition for th e County Cup fo r teams from men's detachments on Saturday afternoon, D ecembe r 14th, at the Brighton Divisional Headquarters, Nort h Street. The d etac hments which competed were the Sussex 41 from Arundel (Commandant Dr. R W. Pearson) and the Mid-Sussex 15 from Eastbourne (Commandant -:\Iajor C. H. Harding). Marks were awarded as follows :-Sussex 41, 171; Sussex 15, 123.

The Arundel detachment, therefore, retain the cup they \\'on last year.

The exam ir: e r was Dr. St. George B. Delisle Gray, and the competlto r s were exami ned in team tests and in oral and practical first aid

BURY ST. EmIU1'ms.-To celebrate the r ece nt victories of the Bury St. Edmund's Men's and Women's R ed Cross in the County Compel itio n a t th e Athen ce um, a dll1l1er was held at Eyerard's Hot e l. The winning teams were the guests of the evening, and among others pres ent were the Iayor eMr. E. L. D. Lak e), t he County Director (i\Ir. J. Maitland Wilson), Lady Magnay (vice-President of the Bury St. Edmund's Division), Dr. J. S. Hinn ell,

Col. A. D. \Naring, .i\1rs. l\Iansoll) Mrs. C. J. II. Shann, \1r s. Hatt, Mrs . Ware, Dr. Lory, and r epresentatlv es 01 th e Bury, Hengravc and lxworth D et achments of the Division.

Dr. B. E. A. Batt, Commandant of the Suffolk /IS, pr es Ided ove r a company numbering about 60, who sat down to an excellent repast. Cups and other t roph les wer e displayed on the tast ef ully decorat e d tables.

After the loya l toast had been honoured, on t he proposition of the Chairman} the Mayor proposed the toa st of Th e British Red Cross Society. "

The Mayor spoke of the high esteem in which the Soci e ty stood as a result of its wonderful war r ecord, and r efe rred to the many useful works it was still carr ying on in peace time. He coupled with th e toast the nam e ot Lady Magnay, vice-President of the Bury St. Edmund's Divi sion

Lady Magnay briefly replied and referred to the many useful f un ctions of the Red Cross Society.

i\1r. ]. Maitland Wilson proposed the toast of " Th e winning teams." He congratulated them on their du al success, and expressed the Society's best wishes for th eir further success in the next round of the Stanley Shi eld H e coupled with th e toast the names of the lea der s of the teams: Miss Ebsworth (Suffolk/18 ) and Mr. W. Markwell (Suffolk/IS).

In reply, each paid a tribute to the work of th eir resp ect ive commandants, Miss Maitland Wilson and. Dr. Batt and the various doctors and others who had aSSIst ed in coaching. Th ey also r e ferred to the keer:ll1ess and e nthusiasm of their teams in ge tting in the practIce whI ch r e nd e r ed such a r esu lt possibl e.

Th e Chairman submitted the toast of (I The Visitor s," and r efe rred to the g r eat ass istanc e r eceived from the County Dir ecto r, the County S ec r eta ry, 1\1rs. Shann, the Office Staff, and other h elp e rs , and pleasure at see in g them all pr ese nt. He coupled wlth the toast the nam es of Dr. Hill and Col. Warin g.

Drs. Hill and Warin g suitably r ep lied.

Mr. E. J. Sewell prop ose d the toast of " Th e Chairlnan."

Durin g the evening:, Dr. Bird sang two excellent songs, and an enjoyable function came to a conclusi on with the singing of the ational Anth em.

An a ppea l has been mad e by the Comm itt ee of the Nottingham General H osp it a l, Nottingham, for volunt eers for the t ransf u s ion of blood.

3 'E

Sunday, J an u ary 5th, was St. J ol1n Ambu lance Sun day at Worth, specia l serv ices being cond u cted by th e Rev. Waller-Bridge, assisted by Dr. R Matthews and W ood, J P Th e r e were larg-e co n g regatio ns, and co ll ectIOns taken on behalf of th e Ambulance Fund Th e Turn ers Btl! and Worth prize bnnd rendered severa l appreci ated se lection s

WOYl R WELL Annual Ambulan ce Competition wi ll be held on June 28th, in the King's Road Sch oo ls , Wombwell when the "Elliott" Memorial Cup, valued 60 guineas, win be competed for. A Cup will be given fo r the best Individual. Valuable prizes will be given for the best individual Tests. All applications and Entry Forms may be had from the Secretary, Mr G. Askew, 100, Hough L ane, Womb well, near Barnsley

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Binding' Copies of ., F.A."

OW ING to. th.e Dum ber of applications we have r e c e ived for the bmdlOg of copies of FIRST AID h d we ave rna e arr ang.e ment.s wh e reby we can supply bindings at the foll owlDg pnces :-

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Bi nding Volumes 6 / - returned post fre e. (Copies suppli e d by reader. which should compris e the Nos. July to June inclusive.)

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Tne cases for binding are of lea ther cloth with th of the publication in gold lettt!rs on the' front SIde and th e eight-pointed cross on front. Orders should L be sent to Dale, Reynolds & Co., Ltd., 46, Cannon-street on doo, E.C.4

•. FIRST AID " QUERY and COUPON.

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post free: Large Size _. 4s. per dozen.

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A I D. January, 1930.

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WHY AND WHEREFORE: IN FIRaT-AID. Fifth Edition. Price u 2d •• post free. Difficulties In StUdy aud Treatmeut lol,od b, Question and Answer.

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6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 1. Viscera of .the Chest and Abdom en (B) 8. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (C). 9· 'flsc.era of the <;:hest Abdomen (D) 10. The Ner vous System. IX. Schemat.lc d,agr,!,m of Ctrcul atl<?n 12. The Ruman Ear. 13 The Human Eye. 14· MedIan Secti on through Sk m. xs. Median Section through Head.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS.

Male or Female. 638. net each. Carriage, :JS.

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12 PP.-1 2 bandaging diagrams, with notes. Strong paper, 2d. Post xd. HEALTH IN FEW WORDR. By Sir R. H. FIRTH. D.P .H F.R C S. 20th Thousand. Paper folder 3 in. and 4 in. P ost free 3d net.

By HOW ARO M PRBSTON, D.",o,.st,-a o.. to tlu Pol"tlClt,.ic THE TRIANCULAR BAN Price IS. net ;.postage, 2d It s Application Accurately DeSCribed by Words and Xl" Diagrams. THE ROLLER BANDABE. Price IS. net; postage,2d. lis Appl cat on Accurately Described by Words and X02 Diagrams.

FIRIIT-AID ANATOMICAL DIABIIAMS. X3(1 to xnnd 14 ) on R oller Post free, 3S. 9d. net. No. 13 (separately) Male & Female Gen ital Organs I II THE COMPLETE MANIKIN. Pri ce 2s , net; postage 4d Systems of Body accurately indexed. nvaTuable to Students of Anatomy Medicine,

NOTICE

EDITORIAL. ARE

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Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications conn ected with FIRS T AID should be forwa rd ed to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 4 6, CANNO N STREB:T, LONDO N, E.C.4.

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Telep hone-Central Df2I

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

E DIT ORIAL-

Are Comp e tition s \Vorth \i\ hil e

A Request

Sl. John Ambulan c e As s ociation

Developing th e Eight Qualification s

L o ndon Hospital M edi cal Colleg e Brigade District Reports.

P rio ry for Wales

P olice :\t1] bulanc e 'VVork

" ol untar), Aid D e ta c hment

Rai lway Ambulan c Ou r Nurses' Pages

Prac tical Points

\ l\l essage to St. John Ambulance Cadets from the N a tional Safety First Association

LeL t e rs to the Editor

QCE RIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

Foreign Body in Throat

Examination Howler

Treatment of Fractured Thigh

Treatment of Fractured Forearm

Hremorrhage from Ear Channel

Signs of Dislocation

Asp h yx a with Fractured Rib s

Prussic Aci d as Narcotic

Transport of Fractured P e l vis

Rank in Briga d e

App li catio n of Flexion for Hremorrbage

Fracture without Loss of Pmver

Art ifi cia R espiration

The Hospitals and Social Service ...

Amb ulance News Cuttings from the Press Red Cross Bra nch N ews

AT this time of the y ear bein D' , 5 the competition season, we Invariabl y receive from one of our readers a letter on this subject. This year has proved

no exception .

The question as to whether competitions are worth while is one to which we unhesitatingl y answer "Yes," and we cannot conceive a saner ans\ve r. If our correspondent had asked C( If making a reputation as a competition team, which year after year is composed of the same members , was worth while or desirable," we should not answer so readily, as such a question would require very careful consideration.

Competitions are undoubtedl y of great interest and of real value to the first - aider, as they cause them to think and act for themselves and not rely on others.

I n the practice room, students are given explicit instructions as to the correct use of various bandaging, making splints, &c., and are taught the correct treatment for poisons and other such SLl bjects.

Competitions, however, go further than this. They teach one to bring to mind the knowledge learned and to put same into a practical demonstration. They also tend to emphasise to the competitors the eight cardinal points of the Cross of St. John. If competitions did nothing beyond impressin g these points upon the minds of those competing, the y then would be doing a work which no individual teaching would be able to equal.

" Practice makes perfect" IS an old saying, and practical work in first aid is tlte way in which first-aiders can become efficient.

So, may competitions long prosper,

WE would again earnestly ask A REQUEST. readers to send in reports of competitions, meetings, socials, &c., to reach us by the 12th of the month. It is possible that your event will not be taking place until that date, if that is so, just write and inform US and we can then make arrangements accordingly.

Readers should also remember that photographs sent should be clean and sharp and not too small, postcard size being a very good size. Also when newspaper cuttings are sent the date of issue, or of the event, should be given.

It is our endeavour to please all our readers, but, to do this, co-operation on the lines above suggested is needed.

St. John Ambulance Association.

HALIFAx.-The annual meeting of the Halifax centre of the St. John Ambulance Association, held at the Town Hall on January 29th, attracted a much larger attendance than usual, showing increased interest in the valuable work done by this organisation and its associated services. The Mayor, Ald. E. Smith, J.P., was detained in Manchester, and Coun. E. Midgley was elected to the chair.

Mr. S. Auty presented the secretary's report, which recorded an exceptional year of prosperity and financial support. There were many evidences of increasing appreciation of the public. During the year 32 certificates, eight medallions and three nursing pendants had been awarded at the classes in connection with the centre. It was to be regretted that there was still a great apathy on the part of employers of labour in giving facilities to employees to be instructed in the study of first aid, which would be to their advantage. Practically 100 per cent. of the borough police, and a good number of members of the Fire Brigade, were in possession of either certificates or further awards of the Association. The motor-ambulance transport section had greatly increased its useful sphere of activity, and thanks were due to Coun. Chambers and Supt. Rawbon for voluntarily maintaining that service in a highly efficient condition; also to many members of the Brigade who gave their time and service as trained assistants in the removal of serious cases.

Mr. Auty also presented the financial statement, wh1ch showed the year commenced with a balance in the bank of £142 6s. 8d., and of £1 14s. 9d. in hand. At the end of the year they had £26 5s. 9d in the bank, and £4 is. in hand, in addition to £150 invested.

Coun. Chambers presented the report of the motorambulance section and referred to the gift of the new ambulance during the year.

Mr. H. K. Woodward reported that the invalids' loan section had lent out during the year over 400 articles. A noticeable feature had been the demand for crutches

Mr. Wellman reported on the Ambulance Brigade. I?uring the winter months, ambulance men had been proVIded at four football grounds, requiring ten men. During the summer months, ambulance men had attended 34 meetings of Speedways, there being an average of 12 men at each meetlOg. Throughout the year one man and one nurse had been in attendance six evenings every week at the Palace. The spea ker urged the necessity for eq uippin g

A I D. February, 1930.

the roads with ambulance posts and ambulance men. He made an appeal-not for financial help but to the human element-for more members of the Brigade so that the sphere of usefulness co uld be extended.

The Chairman, proposing the adoption of the rep orts paid a tribute to the willing and cheerful service during the year and made specia l reference to the wo rk of Mr. Auty.

Dr. Braim, seconded, contended they did not get sufficient support from the public, and he made an appeal for more financial assistance. One of the needs of the Associa_ tion was for a permanent home.

Mr. J. A. Worsnop, J.P., supported, stating that they wery trying in the boys' organisations in the town to in terest the lads in what the Ambulance Association was doin g.

The reports were approved.

Officers were elected as follows: Chairman, Coun cillo r E. Midgley; secretary and treasurer, Mr. S. Auty ; auditor A. E. Rawbon.

IpSWICH.-A meeting held in the Ipswich Ch ambe r Council on January 27th marked the Jubilee of the Ipswich Centre of the S.J .A.A. In the same room, half a century ago, the late Miss Mary Coulcher and other well known citizens met and pioneered the movement.

The first chairman of the Centre was Dr. Durrant who continued to hold office till 1900, when he resigned owing to failing health, his death taking place in the following year. He was succeded by Mr. George S. Elliston (medical officer of health), afterwards Col. Elliston, C.B.V.D., who was for some time the only lecturer for the Centre, a most enthusiastic worker for Ambulance, as District Commis sioner, S.J.A.B., for a very large district. He held office till his death in 1921, when the present chairman, Dr. Ho ssack, was elected to fill his place in this, as also in the Commissionership. To all these three the Centre owes immeasu rably for their real active interest and energy.

The first hone secretary was the late Miss M. C. Cou1cher, whose enthusiasm was originally aroused by hearing an account of fatal results that came of ignoran ce of first aid, which led to doing, with the best intentions, exactly the wrong thing. This induced her to undertake what became in a very real sense her life's work. The close of the War found her broken in health, and she resigned in 1919, still, however, keeping up her intense interest in every depart ment of the work, and having her experience constantly called upon for help, until her death in 1925.

Her successor as secretary and treasurer was the present hon. secretary, Miss Bohun Coulcher ; thus it will be seen that in fifty years there have been but three chairmen and two secretaries.

In the first years the office of president was held by successive Mayors of Ipswish, but in 1908 Her Highness Prin cess Marie Louis graciously consented to become president, which office she still holds.

The medical staff in 1892 numbered Drs. T. A. Wood, S. Hoyland, S. O. Eades and Fryer, the last two being st ill active members of it.

Dr. Hossack reminded the people of I pswich of the enormous of work that had been, and was still being, d one Tokens of efficiency were presented as follows : Preliminary first a,id, 9 ; first aid 85 ; preliminary home nursing, 13; home nursing, 16; vouchers, 10; and num ero us medallions and labels. Sergt. Brereton received a third bar to his long-service medal, and his wife received the longservice medal.

"I feel there are few cases which better deserve the support of the town," declared the Lord Bishop of the Diocese. "I believe you try to express that practical Christianity which is so blessed a thing for the community at large."

"1 'Mr. T. R. Parkington announced that a large committee was being appointed for the fete at Holy Well s on

February, 1930. FIRST

Empire Day, for which Capt. Ivan Cobbold had kindly granted the use of his grounds.

Mr. Parkington also said they intended to have a fullyequippe d new ambulance this year, to cost about £1,000. It would bear the name of Miss Mary Coulcher. He would start with £50.

------. .------

Developing the Eight Qualifications.

THERE is nothing to surpass competition work as a means for developing what the St. John Am bulance Textbook terms the "necessary qualifications of a First Aider."

OBSERVATION of the causes, signs, symptoms, and means for summoning assistance and tr ans port is required as much, if not more in a . . ' competItIOn as in an actual case if the competitor is going to find out what is wrong and how best to deal with it.

TACT is cultivated, for often there are not only marks awarded for the manner in which the patient and distressed friends and relatives are spoken to, but bystanders are utilised in conne ction with the tests who are intentionally "difficult" and obstructive unless tactfully handled by competitors. Tact in questioning patients and in breaking bad news are both items found on marking sheets.

RESOURCE in treating cases with whatever is at hand rather than with the complete equipment of the class-room is a characteristic of any good team.

DEXTERITY in handling a patient without causing unnecessary pain, and the rapid and neat yet efficient use of splints, bandages and other appliances cannot be expected to any marked degree after the six attendances of the St. John Ambulance Association lecture course. Much practice under varying competition conditions is necessary Then there is the time-factor to consider. The novice takes about three times as long as the skilled competition man to treat an injury; • yet the latter has no sacrifice of gen tleness.

EXPLICITNESS is fostered by the competition as by no other means, for the instructors are constantly reiterating the importance of giving clear instructions to the patients and bystanders, and also emphasising the value of sending proper messages summoning doctors and ambulances, and in notifying hospitals, etc .

DISCRIMINATION is called for in every contes t. Invariably there is more than one injury, and the competitors have to decide which presses most for treatment. Sometimes there are two or more patients, and, in consequence, there has to be discrim ination as to "what can best be left for the patie nts or bystanders to do."

Those unaccustomed to putting others to work

under their own supervision in an emergency lose much valuable time and devote themselves to tasks best relegated to others.

PER:SEV.ERANCE in study, questioning, and techmque IS a characteristic of all good ambulance teams. They never can afford to " rest on their laurels." This year, with the new Textbook as the basis of the judging, there is a special call for persevering effort thoroughly to master the various changes in treatment of accident and illness.

SYMP A so valuable to the suffering to those anxiOUS about them, also has its place the ambulance competition. Unless encouragIng words are spoken to those needing them, particularly the "patients," a number of useful marks are lost.

The man who has accustomed himself calmly to speak a heartening word in the competition room will find it easy to do so in the stress of anguish and tragedy.--The Police Revt"ew and Parade Gossip.

London Hospital Medical College.

MANY of our readers who have visited the London Hospital Medical College, will be interested by the letter Amb. Officer Harris has received from the Appeal Secretary of the Hospital. It must be pointed out that the sum of money mentioned has been collected at the very popular and interesting lectures given by Am b. Officer Harris, and is an eloquent tribute to the special work he has done. Should officers and members in charge of Divisions desire to revisit the Hospital, Amb. Officer Harris will be please to hear from them at the School of Anatomy, London Hospital Medical College, London, E.1.

DEAR HARRIS,

I have just been looking through the figures of your collections for the year. Th ey show a really splendid record of helpfulness, and des e rve all possible congratulations and thanks. Will yo u read them, please, into these few words?

I see that the total for the year 1929 amounts to £42 2s. 9d , which \vhen added to pre vious collections gives a grand total of £94 17s. The Hospital has indeed reason to be grateful to you and to yo ur many kind friends.

With all good ""ishes for Christmas and the New Year, Yours very truly, (Signed) London Hospital, E.1.

LANGTON, Appeal Secretary. -

The competition for the" Wood" Shield of the Yorkshire Collieries Ambulance League, will be held as follows: 1st round, April 12th; semi-final, Jay 10th; final, Ma.y 31st. EntI-ies close on March 18th, 1930, and the competition is open to any Yorkshire Colliery team.

Brigade Reports.

No. ( Prince of Wales' ) Distnct.

CRICKLEWOOD.-Th e competitions for the "Rosa" C up and the" l\lcCormick" Shield, were held on J anuar), 19th at the Stoll Studios, Cricklewood. Six teams competed.

Dr. White Knox, County Surgeon, vVestern Area, judged the Team Test, and Dr. R. Morton, of Golders Green, the Indiyidual.

Capt. J ournet stated that the marks possible for the Team Test were 125, and for the individual examination 215; total 3-1-0. Sergt. Barden's squad gained 85 marks for the Team Test and 168 for the Individual, totalling 253; Sergt. vVest's (95 and 157),252; Pte. Pantin's (72 and 176),2-+8; Pte. Skinner's (70 and 175),245; Cp1. Chalmer's (52 and 180), 232; and Cpl. Richardson's (65 and 1...J.2), 207.

Sergi. Barden's team therefore won the "Rosa ,. ('up by one point from Sergt. West's tcam , who secured the "l\lcCormick" Shield. This \\ as declared amid the accompaniment of applause from a large gathering of memhers 0 f thc Crickle\\oocl Di \'ision and their friends.

Capt. JOl1rnet proposed a Yote of thanks to the judge, \\hich Amb. Officer Hart seconded. In ackno\\,ledgment the doctors gave critical analysis of the COlllpetitions, pointing out mistakes and ol11is ions.

Thanks were also extended to l\lr. Oswald l\litchell for use of t he Stt1Clios.

BARKING.-The first competition for the" Lassman" Shield, which was kindly presented to the Barking Diyision by l\lr. H. H. Lassman, of East IIam, was keenly contested for by the members of this Diyision.

The winner was Sergt. B. l\letcalf, Dr. R. Potts adj udicating.

HIGIIGATE AND CROUCH END.-The annua l meeting of this Division was held on Tuesday, January 28th, Diy. Surgeon, Dr. S. C. Pritchard, presiding. He was supported by Div. Supt. l l Ascott, 11r. A. Jones (secretary) and Ur. F. E. Paine (treasurer).

The Chairman congTatulated the Diyision on an increase in membership The sound financial state reflected great credit, and tended to show that there was loyal cooperation among: all ranks.

The need for the replacement of the Morris ambu lanc e with a later pattern called for greate r support During the year the ambulance had coyereel about 2,712 miles, and great credit was clue to Cpl. W. S. Puddefoot for its efficient tate and for the I'ery small cost.

In the annual report generous acknowledgment "was made of th e work of the Div. Surgeon, Dr. Pritchard , anel of the seryices of Diy. Supt. l l Ascott, whose highly-efficient assistance on the practical side is so inI'aluable.

The appointment of Mr. Ascott to the rank of Amb. Officer is another link to strengthen the Division. The popularity of the appointment was proved by the presenta tion of a silver-mounted walking-- , tick to 1\1r. Ascott from the members of the Division.

Replying, Mr. Ascott thanked the members for their confidence. He said that the past nine years had been a great joy to him, and he felt that this outward expression would deepen his desi re to do his best for all ranks.

)'1r. F. E. Paine presented the financial statement.

Supt. Ascott thanked the members for their loyal co-

operatIOn, WIthout whIch he could do little. Great credit, he saId, was due to Secretary A. Jon es for the able and efficient manner in which he dealt with the large amount of correspondence, which had r eli eved the superintend ent for other work.

l1ERTON AND WIMBLEDoN.-The annual meeting of the iVlerton and Wimbledon Division, S.lA.B., was hel d on londay, January 27th, at the headquarters, Masonic Hall, Merton. The chair was taken by Sir Charles Tyrr ell Giles, K.c., .1\1.A , D.L., lP. , supported by Supt. L. M. Smith, Div. Officers, and ex-Supt. J. Mitchell. Supt. L. .1\1. Smith read his anr:ual report) wh ich stated that during the year 20 new members were enroll ed. At the annual medical re-examination all who sat pa sed. Service has been rendered at every local function of importance, and also in connection with the duties a rr anged hy the Public Duty Officer. The personnel OIl duly llumhered 2,290, and 648 perSOllS received treatment loc ally, \\ hi 1st a considerable 1lL11l1 her \verc treated on the du ties arranged by District Headquarters. The financial position was good, the balance 'ta nding to the credit of the Di\'ision at the close of the year amounting to £118 Is Sci.

Sir Charles Tyrrell Giles expressed his great pleastlrl' aL being able to be present) stating that it was 25 years since he became interested in the Ambulance Brigade-all interes t which he had always maintained.

He congratulated the Division on the splendid increase in membership-the largest since the formatio n of the Division. The financial position was splendid, anel reflected great credit on the Division

A very interesting presentation to ex-Supt. J ames Mitchell took place during the evening, in recognition of the long and valuable services rendered to the M erton and vVimbledon Division. The presentation took the form of a "wireless set of very fine design and construction.

The Chairman, in making the presentation, said that it gave him the greatest of pleasure to hand over this gift to ::\1r. Mitchell. Durin o the very long time he had been associated with the Ambulance Brigade .1\1r. Mitchell had had an honourable and distinguished career, and his kn owledge and tact had admirably qualified him to acquit himself well for the cause for which he had worked.

Lady Tyrrell Giles associated herself with the rem arks made by Si r Charles, ancl wished 1I r. Mitchell every • happiness

In returning thanks, .1\1r. Mitchell said that in hi s 28 years' membership of the No. 17 Division, during which he estimated he had attended 1,200 Brigade meetings, he had not regretted one moment ",rhich he had spent on ambulance work.

A hearty vote of thanks to Sir Charles and L ady Giles was proposed by Supt. L. M. Smith, seconded by Amb. Officer T. l Breach

TOTTE"N1IAM ,\ND EDMoNToN.-The annual meetin g of t he Tottenham and Edmonton Division S.J.A.B., was held on January 29th, at Warmington House., High Road. Tottenham. Supt. H G. Cottrell presided. The yea r under review had been a very strenuous one, the amount n [ work done easily constituting a record in their Two classes had been held, and at Klinger's factory st ruction s to men had also been given; the Nursing Dl\'lsion being- responsihle for a class for females Flag clays in Edmonton and Tottenham resulted in the sum of £96 9s. 9d. bein g collected, of wh i ch £20 was voted to

february, 1930. FIRST

the funds of the Nursing Division, w ho had taken over the Med ical Comforts Depot. During the year 1,07 1 duties had been performed. The r ecorded number of cases atte nded thro ug h o u t 1929 tota ll ed 547. An ambu lance had been purchased in co nn ection with the Division. The Sec retary paid tribute to t h e help g iven by S u pt. Cottrell, who, last July, was elected a Serving Brother of the Orde r of St. John

The valued help and the excellent report of the Secretary was acknowledged in a vote of thanks to him, proposed by Pte Motum, seconded by Pte. Payne and heartily supported by Supt. Cottrell.

The last named, who is tr easurer, presented his report wh lch showed a balance in hand of £ 128 8s. Od.

The report was adopted, after which the Supt. addressed the members) acknowledging their loyalty th roughout the year.

No. :2 District.

BANBuRY.-The first annual dinner of the Banbury S.J.A.B , was held at the White Horse Hotel, Banbury, on Saturday, January 18th Col. H. E. du C. Norris presided, and among the company present were the Mayor (Co un. VV. G. Mascord), Sir John Hewett) The Rev. Canon A. J. Jones (Hon. Chaplin), Div. Surgeon Dr. C. Gardiner-Hi ll, Div. Supt. E. F. Cawse, Div. Treasurer A. H. Bichard, Amb. Officers F. Anker, F. G. Hartland and H. Bagley.

After the royal toast had been duly honoured, the l.Iayor proposed the toast of the "St. John Ambulance Brigade." He felt that the formation of the Brigade in Banb ury had filled a long-felt want. As they all knew, the Council had been trying to do their best to help them and 111 this connection he would like to mention particularly the name of Alderman Collingridge, to whom much of the credit was due. He was very glad to see prese11l that night so distinguished a person in ambulance work as Sir John Hewett.

Sir John Hewett) who was cordially received, replied to the toast) and in the course of an interesting speech he a brief summary of the history of the St. John Ambu lance Brigade, which, he said) was the oldest order o ( chivalry in the world.

Banbury had done exceedingly well in establishing an Amb ulance Division and in providing a most efficient ambulance to aid the Brigade in carrying out its work. The formation of a Nursing Division had been suggested and he hoped this would soon be brought into effect.

The Chairman then presented to Alderman Collingridge, as an appreciation from the Division, a framed photograp h of the Division

The same presentation was made to J\Ir. Trinder, the drive r of the ambulance, and CoL Norris paid tribute to his valuable se r vices.

Ald erman Collingridge briefly replied and said, tho ugh he did all he could during his period of Mayoralty, he thought they owed a debt of gratitude to the medical fraternity, so ably led by Dr. Gardiner-HilL On behalf of the town he could assure him that they did appreciate the wor.k he had done in this connection.

Mr. Trinder also replied in appropriate terms.

Dr. Gardiner-Hill proposed the health of "The Vis ito rs." He said it was evident from the fact that so many distinguished visitors were present that the Brigade had made itself fe ll in the town. With regard to a Nursing Division, he cou ld assure Sir J 01111 Hewett that after t he able assistance they h ad had from his daughter the success of a N ltrsing Division in the town was assured.

Canon Jones, in rep ly, said he was very proud to be the first hon. chap lain of the Banbury Division and hop ed they would call upon his services whenever required He was keenly in teres t ed in ambulance work and many years ago took a f ull course of instruction along with the police.

A I D. 197

The .toast of "The Chairman" was proposed by Mr. A. H. As of the Banbury Division, he had, he saId, some httle Idea of the work CoL Norris had done for the Division) and he could assure him that they were all extremely grateful to him.

After toasts of "The Press and The Artistes" had been gwen the rest of the eyening was given over to an excellent concert.

BOURNEMOUTll.-An effort to bring together members .of the S.J.A.B. m Bournemouth in a spirit of cheerful mtercourse was made on January 16th) when Office and North Bournemouth Divisions united 111 a d111ner and concert at the Cadena Restaurant in Old Christchurch Road.

-:r: he gathering was free from ceremony, each one oymg to the full the programme that had been proThere was no toast but time enough was for one or two very bnef speeches in which the lmportance of the work of the Brigade was stressed.

Dl\'. Supt. A. l Cuff presided, and among those present were Dr. Hartl ey (Dr\'. Surgeon), Dr. C. Heygate Vernon (Corps Supt.), J\Ir. R. 'vV Scott (Postmaster, and treasurer of the Post Offic e SectlOn), and Amb. Officer Biles.

It was regrett ed that Capt. vVhite, County Commissioner for Dorset, "as unable to attend.

Div. Supt. Cuff said that during the past year the orth Bournemouth Division had put in 51 drills with an aYe rage attendance of ten, and in addition had attended 85 pu):>lic The Post Office Section had put in 34 dnlls WIth an average attendance of 6. They had fulfilled 91 public duties. That meant a total of 176 functions in twelve months.

They had a strength of something like 40 but he wished to see a few more recruits come along 'so as to make up the required complement to ustif)' the appointment of another ambulance officer.

Dr. Vernon presented a silver cup (to be held for one year), for individual efficiency to Pte. Ed\yard Rumble. Labels, vouchers and certificates were also presented. After the dinner an excellent concert \\as presented.

RE.\DING.-The annual meeting of the Reading Town Division was held in the Gas VI/arks Lecture Room on Thursday, January 30th; Dr. \V. Hartnett presiding. Th e balance sheet was adopted and the various officers \\ ere reelected. The Chairman presented many awards for services.

Supt. l vVinterbourne stated that the chief item of expenditure was fo r equipment. O"'ing to the University Rag," money had not come in so fast but he hoped for a share of this year's" rag." He paid a warm tribute to the work of the officers

The Chairman congratulated the Division on its year's work. Officers and men worked in harmony and the standard of interest remained high. The annual examination in September showed that the men \yere keeping up their work: this was a good sign.

Mr. A. VV. V-Ta lker said that the \Vatch ComlU1ttee hael consented to the holding of a St. John Ambulance Brigade fl ag day during the year.

On the proposition of Supt. \Vmterbourne .. a vote ot thanks was passed to D. A. Helps., manager and engineer of the Reading Ga , Co for the use of the room th raughout the year.

A hearty yote of thanks was accorded to the Ch;urman on the proposition of Sergt. Hedges, seconded by Cpl. Davey, and Dr. IIartnett briefly responded.

SLOUGII.-SUPt. Scott presided at the annual general meetincr of the Sloucrh Town Division of the S.J.A.B \\'hich took place at the Drill Hall on \Vednesday e:'ening, January 29th, and said he \i\'as sorry that Supt. Smlth had

resigned. He would do his best to carryon his work .fo r humanity, and he hoped that all the members of the DIVIsion would support him.

Mr. E. T. Bowyer, Chairman of the Slough Urban District Council read a letter from Supt. Smith thanking the members fo'r their loyal support and co-operation during the time he was in charge of the Division, and stating that he had spent many happy years in the work of the Brigade, and would like to have continued if his health had permitted.

Councillor Bowyer proposed a very hearty vote of thanks to Mr. Smith for the long service he had rendered to the Brigade for many years past.

It was only fair that a man who had served the town as Supt. Smith had done should have some public recognition of his work, and a subscription list should be opened for a testimonial for him. In order to give everyone an oppo rtunity of contributing, a shilling fund should be sta rted with a view to presenting him with an illuminated address.

He moved that the resignation of Supt. Smith be accepted with great regret and that a shilling fund be opened for a testimonial.

Sergt. Doig seconded the resolution, and it was carried unanimously.

Councillor Bowyer, Supt. Scott, and Amb. Officer Schoof were appointed a committee to carry it out.

Major Darvil-Smith said this year the men's competitions would be at Aylesbury and the women's at High Wycombe.

The financial statement showed that there was a loss of £8 upon the year's working.

Amb. Officer Schoof thought they should approach the Slough Council for a grant. They had raised only £20 by the contributory scheme, as members could not do firstaid work and seek support for that scheme as well.

WITNEY.-A flourishing Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade has been established in Witney, and Thursday, January 30th, was the occasion of the first annual meeting, held at the Church House. The President (Miss D o ris Mason) of Eynsham Hall) occupied the chai r and was supported by W. E. Audland, Esq., M.B.E., M .R.C.S (County Commissioner)} Div. Supt. J. C. Chesterman and Mr. E. G. Sherbourne (Hon. Secretary). The Hon. Treasurer (Mr. W. J Rowe) was unable to be present as he was in hospital.

The Superintendent said it gave him great pleasure to report on the work of the Division since its formation in Jul y last. They were indebted to a large extent to tIle inhabitants of Witney and district who had come forward so ge nerously and by their assistance had enabled the Brigade to make good progress. Their best thanks were due to Miss Doris Mason, for accepting the position of Chairman and for the able manner in which she had discharged the duties appertaining to that office. The members of the Urban Council also had supported them.

The Hon. Secretary (Mr. E. G. Sherbourne) reported that the strength of the Division was 1 officer and 16 men Since the Division was registered they had attended Witney Fair, British Legion Carnival and eight local football matches

Mr. E. Wilsdon (store-keeper) gave details of the Division's equipment.

In the Treasurer's absence, the Superintendent submitted the balance sheet, showing an income of £64 16s. 2d. (including £35 3s. 6d. in donations and £29 lOs. from Christmas draw). The chief item of expenditure was £46 lOs. for uniform and equipment and they had a balance in hand of about £4. It was that Mr. Stanley Hitchcock, of Oxford had made them the gift of a stretcher.

Miss Mason said that what she had to say was mainly of a congratulatory nature. As r ega rds the support the

I D. February, 1930.

Division had received since its inauguration, they fu lly deserved it, and she thought everyone ought to be grate-ful to them for their services and back them up as well as possible. With regard to Mr. Chesterman, they all knew what he had done not only to call the Brigade into being, but to bring it to its present state of efficiency. He had given an enormous amount of time and trou ble to the work, and undoubtedly the Division had the best possible leadership.

1\1r. Chesterman, expressing thanks for the congratulatory remarks} said he had completed 27 years service with the St. John Ambulance Brigade and noth ing gave him greater pleasure than to give first-aid instruct ion to others.

Dr. Audland gave a short history of the Order, after which t hanks were extended to Miss Mason for presidi ng and Dr. Audland for his address.

No. 3 District.

HINCKLEY.-Nine teams competed in the ambulance competition of the Hinckley Division} S.J.A.B., which was held on Saturday, February 1st, at the Bath Hall. Th e te ams provided a very interesting demonstration of efficiency and highly commendable work, for a lar ge gathering interested in first-aid. Dr. Astley Clarke} of Leicester, Dr. Cairns and Commissioner Browne, of Loughborough, adj udicated. The result was: 1st} Wigston and Midland " B" team} 257 points; 2nd, Sil eby Division, 202; 3rd, Loughborough "B"; 4th, Wigs ton B " ; 5th, Park Vale Division; 6th, Loughborough " A " ; 7th, Market Harborough; 8th, Hinckley L.M.S. "B "; 9th, Hinckley L.M.S. "A."

Wigston were presented with the Challenge Bowl by Col. E. C. Atkins (the donor) and both winners and runners-up secured silver medals.

Following the contest} a well-attended dance was h eld, which event proved a great success.

JOR THAMPTON.- lembers of the Northampton He adquarters Division, S.JA.B., formed a guard of hon our on Thursday, January 16th} at the funeral of the late Pte. John Rolfe, th e second oldest member of th e Northampton Headquart e rs Division, which he joined in 1888. He h elped with the transport of the wounded at Northampton during the war and held the long servi ce medal of the S.J.A.B., with two bars.

The first part of the service was held in St. Mary 's Church, and the interment was at the Towcester Road Cemetery, the Vicar, the ReI'. P. W. Worster} officiatin g. The choir was present, and the hymns "J esu, lov er of my soul/' and "Let Saints on earth in concert sin g," were sung. Mr. Reginald Floyd was at the organ.

At the graveside Pte. W. George, of the St. Joh n Ambulance Brigade, sounded the" Last Post."

The coffin was borne by old comrades in Cpl. Farm er, Ptes. Wallington, Robinson, Burdett, Gibbs, and Tyso e.

On the coffin was Mr. Rolfe's ambulance cap and belt. Supt. W. E. Edwards, M.B.E.} had charge of th e guard of honour, which preceded the cortege and lin ed up at the entrance to the church . The officers presen t included: Amb. Officer W. J. Ricks, Sergt.-Major G. H. Hines, CpI. Farmer and CpI. West.

Members of the Nursing Division were present und er Lady Supt. Miss Cowley and Lady Amb. Officer Mi ss Cooper.

No. 4 District.

ASKAM AND IRELETH.-The annual meeting of thi s Division was held at the headquarters, Capt. R. Rank in (the President) presiding. He was supported by Dr. J. R. Do o ley, Div. Surgeon; and Mr. A. Carruthers.

The balance sheet and auditor's report for 1929 w as and accepted. During his remarks, Cap t. Rankm earnestly asked that all connected with the ambtl-

February, 1930. FIR S'T

lance movement should carryon and n eve r forget the good work they were doing for the benefit of others.

Supt. in a review of the past year's work of the Dl\' lSlOn, sald that there had been 308 cases in which first-aid had been rendered, an average of 3.5 per member, the strength of the Divisi on bcing (all unit s) 80.

He men.tionecl the rally ",,:hich was held on July 13 th, 1929, at whIch Col. C. J. Tnmble, of Preston, Commissioner for o IV District was present, and was so pleased with the that he sent a very favourable rep ort to 111 London. On the same day as t he r ally, Capt. Rankll1 presented the Division with a flag which \\'as dedicated by the Yicar, Rev. W. A. Chare. Sup erin te ndent extended a sincere vote of thanks to all who were prese nt at the meeting and to the ladies' section in particula r for the work they had so willingly done to help on the ambulance movement.

SOUTIIPORT.-This Division h eld their annual meeting on January 29th, at their headquarters. Div. Supt. '''. Parkinson, M.B.E., presided and was supported by Amb. Office r G. A. Holt, Div. Surgeon Dr. F. Blacklee, and Di,' Secretary Mr. W. H. Bleakley.

The Secretary, in presenting his report , mentioned his apprec iation to Di,'. Supt. Vv. Parkins o n and all member of the Divi sion for assistance given. Th e year under re"iew had been a v ery busy one for the majority of memhe rs Thirty-eight drills had been attended and 194 of first-aid as well as three remoyal cases. Public dubatte ndance numbered 78-1-. At the annual re-examinatiori', all members \\'ho sat, passed. Thirt y-five members attended the first annual revi ew of the West Lancashire Corps and Divisions in June last.

The Secretary thanked the local doctors and Superintendent \\'ho had given them interesting talks, and the people who had supported their "One penny per house coll ectio n."

In conclusion h e wished to extend congratulations to the Tursing Divi i011 for the success they had had in their competitio n work. They hoped they would keep it up and thereby bring Sonthport to the front of other districts.

The meeting ,,, as then adjourned and a hot-pot supper "'as h eld, arranged hy the Club Room and So cia l Committee. Supt. Parkinson proposed the toast of "The King-." and after supper a concert was given under the Chairmanship of Staff-S ergt. 'V. H. Shoreland (Chairman of the Club Room and Social Committee).

During an interval in the concert, Supt. W. Parkinson presented a shield to Pte. Harr y Pinch for the highest llum lwr of attendances (73) on public duty dmin o 1929.

W ARRINGTON.-Fiv e squads of the Crosfield D iv ision partic ipated in a very keen, but friendly competition which took place on Monday eve ning-, January 27th, in the Gymnasium, Baxter Street. Dr. J. J. Manning. who was the adjud icator, arranged a test which comprised the treatment of an in i ured dirt-track rider. Squ ads were also given five question to answer in regard to first-aid ,,,ark.

The winners were Sergt. Terry, Pt es F. Bart on, 'V. :::'mith, F. Wallington and T. Harrison , forming No. 1 sqna d. with 16n marks, the Wa tchmen's team being second \\it h marks. out of a possible 230 marks.

Mr. E. W. Warren present ed the prizes and saId that nltho ug-h the Watchmen's team lost on the qnestions) they held the highest marks on tIle team test.

The th'anks of those present were e:iyen to Dr. Manning for his services, and he ver\' suitablv replied Mr Vv. Percy Taylor, as Secretary of the Division, was respo nsihle for the arrangements.

No 5 District.

It is hoped thClt the annlla1 inspection of the' l\orth

A I D. 199

Staffordshire Area C?f the St. John Ambulance Brigade, \\ hlch takes thIS year on uncla)" l\Iay 18th \\"ill be attendee! hy Pnncess ::\Iary Countess Harewood, the "\rchh!shop. Canterbury and Sir Percival 'Yilkin on, Chid Commissioner of the Brigade.

By the kindness of the Earl of Harrow])y the inspectIOn IS to be held at andon Park in the afternoon and aftef\\ards, from 5 p.m. to 7.30 the grounds of Hall, the residence of the Earl of Harro\\'by, will he t h ro\YI1 open to the public.

xu \VO RTLEY - The annual report sho\\'s that on 518 occa ions during 1929, members of the local Diyijon rendered first-aid to the injured.

Thirty members were again on duty, in relays, at the mbl1lanc e Station on Armley Fell. t Gronnel, from AlH?:ust 30th to September 3rel. \\ here 3-t cases receiyccl attention.

E'-ery member ot the Divi ion ha now ohtained the Fir t-Aid Certificate Voucher} ::\Iedallion and Proficienc,' Lahels. 17 members have Home X ursing' Certificates. (5 of whom ha\'e in addition the ::\Iedallion Pendants for the ame subj ect, 9 members have obtained the Sanitation Certificate and Pendants, while 11 members have passed the required examination in the ubject of Hygiene, thus qualifying for the I-lome Hygiene Certificate and Pendants for ame The Diyision has the proud distinction of p09se sing' eYen' Certificate obtainable For this they are indebted to the Diyisional Surg-eons for their g-;eat and \'aluahle a sistance) and their lecture on the subject mentioned. The Diyi ion attended the Brig-ade Inspection by the Commis ioner of Xo. 5 Di trict. on Tuly 14th: and eYer), member passed the compulsory Brig"adc Re-Examination. During the year, 52 drills and practices haye been held.

The accounts show a total halance in hand of £5 17s. a against'£ 12 15s. 10d. broug-ht fOl"\vard last ear. Thanks were extended to Hoh- Family Brass Band for the proceeds of concerts held. The repo-rt concludes \\ith an appeal for continued support.

A team competed in the t'Llewelyn Tones ambulance competition," open to teams from the different districts underground at the Askern 1Iain Colliery, and the event attracted a good number of spectators. ",hen held on aturday, January 25th. The were Dr. Graham, Kirk Sandall: Dr. '''ylie, 'Yoodland ; and Dr. D. ::\Ialloch. A kern. The result were: A. Smeaton (3) 129: D. Pollington. C. Barnby, 12-t: B. Xo. 2 pit, 11 9. The indiyidual "ith the highest nnmber of marks ,ya C. Bonsall \\'ith the maximum, i.e 20. l1uch regret ,ya felt for Leonard Preston. \\'110 \,,'as prevented from competing: with team" A " o,,;ing to a fractured leg. I.n anllouncine: the results. both Dr. Graham and Dr. Vvyh e commented 011 the work done by the team and indicated that the competition should attract many more teams than h ad en teredo

On Saturday evening- , January 25th, the members of the Askern l\Iain Corps held their annual .hot-pot S.llpP.cr and mokino- concert in the 'V eHare InstItute. Dl tnct Officer Brods,,-orth presided, ancl was accompanied by l1rs. B'unting-. 1\11'. Vv. Llew. Jones. Dr Rohh. Dr. 'Vhi t\\'orth Corp Surgeon Dr. D. Malloch Supt. C. Evans, Corps OfficeL A. Bedford and A. Free. DIY. A. 'Villiam and Amb. Officers A. Sudworth and". H. Pearce, and 75 members of the Brigade.

As a mark of r espect to the late \ SSL tal1.t CC)Jl1l11lSsione r. \V. H. Chamber) the company "tnoc1111 silence. .\n enjoyable 111usical was g-i\'e11. Llewelyn T presented mlmcrous St. .T Oh11 awards also "Vood" Shield. Semi - final [or two years. 1928 and 1929. to A. n 'Yilli allls ". H. Pearce. A. Padfield, and H. Flicker. TIc also presented the gold medals (given by him el f) to the' \\'il111ers of the afternoo1l

competition. Di riet Officer Bunting pre ented to Corp Surgeon Dr. :"lalloeh and Corps upt. C. EYans enlarged 1)ortraits of them elye (with an inscription on each as a token of e teem and appreciation from the officer and members of the A kern :"Iain Corps 'J ) ·and in doing a h.:: mentioned that he had both for many year no\\" and he knew full the crreat amount of Dr. :"lalloch and :"1r. EYan were doin cr for the ambulance moyement. A. yote of thank \\"as accorded to :"1r. and :"lrs. Bunting. \Y. L1e\yelyn Jones, to the arti ts had g-iYcl1 their tn·ice.: and al-o the ladie of the :\ur in!,!" Diyision.

B.\R. The annual dinner of the of the borough and Di triet Corp. S.J.A.B.. was presided f)\'er at Barn ley. on aturday, January 18th. by Corp The :"layor of Barn ley, Councillor E. Sheerien, "'a al 0 present.

Propo ing the toa t of the :\.C.O.' J Dr. K. H. Benrley, County urgeon. obseryed that in the ambulance \yorld there "'ere a large number of people po essing certificates "'hich credited them with beincr able to render first-aid in ca e of emergency. but some went a great deal further than that and felt that their duty did not end there-nor did it. -

they joined the Brigade, they became men who undertook to be re-examined once eyery year and proye that they kept up \\'ith the times in the term and me hods used.

ergt. H. Latchem, responding, said the :\ .C.O.'s were a body of men \yho could not help but carryon the \york after such grand leader a Dr. Beyerley and other

Corps Supt. \\-. A. Bellamy, proposing the toast of the " :"layor and Corporation." said there \\"as some similarity bet\yeen ambulance \Yorkers and the Corporation of a to\\"n like Barnsley In the first place they "'ere both ,Yorker. In the second place both beliend in \\"I)rking for the benefit of humanity

Supt. Bellamy said the of the \V orsborough Corps "'as considerably oyer 200, whilst in addition there was a ladies' Diyision at \Y orsborough. Thre e of the four Diyisions well set up in the matter of headquarters, but Barnsley: the senior Diyision had had eig-ht different headquarters since 1906. At present they had about £ 100 in hand, and he appealed to the :"Iayor to see if he could not help them in the matter of a building or a piece of land.

The Superintendent commented on the fact that firstaid boxes had been erected in the streets at Sheffield, and in return the COlIDcil allo\yed the Brigade to have a day, but in Barnsley the privilege of flag day had been stopped.

The :"Iayor., responding-, referred to the remarks made h\' Supt. Bellamy reg'arding flag days. and said he thought they were more harmful to an org-anisation such as the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

Further remarks ,nrc made by Corps Sergt. Walker. Corps F. B. Bottomley and Corps Officer N. A. Fowler

During the evening songs were rendered by "\1r. A. Bartle, the accompanist being Kenyon.

G.\IXSBOROlJGII.-The annual meeting of t h c Gainsboroug'h Division was vested with more than ordinary intere'st this year. In the first place, the Div ision its and Supt. F. F. Linley, under ,'. hose command the Diyision has attained a remarkable degree of efficiency, \\"as warmly congratulated.

In the course of his address, Supt. Linlev alluded with regret to the fact that Staff-Sergt. Hydes. who joined the Brigade at a Private. and who had seen 21 year' sen'ice as Divisional Secretary, p r oposecl to retir(' fr om

A I D. February,

1930.

that office in order to make a-he said, for a YOUl1O"er man.

'- erl;·t. Goulding: Cpl. Cpl. and Cpl. \Yilsea, \\·ho \\"a dected ecretary, \\"ere al a mentioneci 111 connection \\'ith the excellent \york they had accomplished. It ,yas stated that ix member of the Brigade had 157 year' of en'ice bet\\een them, and at the re-examination that the \\hole of the Brigade atisfied examine;' Dr. :"loxon.

H.,-,Ds\\·oRTH.-The fourth annual dinner of the Hand \\"onh Di\ i 'ion ,,'a' held at the Old Crown 1111l. Hand \\·orth. on February 1st.

The function prayed a great -ucce

Among those present were the Rector and Rural Dt c.11 or Hand worth (the Rey. A. Baker ':"1..\.), and :"lr5. Baker, Corps Officer \Y. A. Bro\\'ne and :"Ir-. Bwwne. Corps ergt.-:"Iajor A. Fielding Diy ':::upr. R. P Richard and ':"li \\'. 1. "':eaman (lIke'ton). Geor(t \Yalter and :"1r '. \Yal ter- Sergt. H. Buxton and BlL-..;:ton.

Corp Hamer Ru' ell and :"lrs. Ru 'ell, J.P., "'ere unable to attend the dinner. but came later in the eyemng.

Corps Officer "Y. A. Bro\\-ne. in propo ing the t of the" Hand ion," cOl1!:;ratulated the DiYi __ for the plendid \\'o rk done and the po,ition attained.

\\-hile they retained :"1r. Rich ard - and the hard-\' (I,king' anel indefatigable :\ C.O.' :taffa:. a main lay. a -'i led b\" erl;-t. H. Bu::-..tnn, it \\ uuld O"(} on increa ing' in importa;1ce. <-

:\a les than 5-1-.000 hours' of puhlic yoluntary dmy had been put in by the heffield Corp- (" hich included Hand and about .£80 had heen spent in med ieai requisite .

Three Diyi i011 which had been tarted had c.)st OYer £ -1- 00 in equipment, and .£130 had been pem on the Fox Hou e Fir t-Aid tation ,yhich \\"a econd to nOl1l in the country.

Di\". upt. Richards, replying-, aid that the Han d \\"orth Diyision had now entered its ninth ...-ear. The trencth of the Di i ion had increa ed to 3 The num ber of cases attended \\"a 1-1-3, and member did 2,6-+2 hours oi dnty Last summer the Diyi ion carried out road patr ol for -1-50 hours. The flag day contributions amounted to between £20 and +'25 The financial po ition was ound.

Corps Supt. Hamer Rus ell plea ed to note thai: Hands\\'orth Diyi ion had had a succe ful year. E, appeal to thi Diyi ion, he aid, \\"a al\\'ay -met.

:"1r. Russell then presented taff- ergt. Geor!:!'L' alter and Sergt. H. Buxton each \\-ith a long en iCl medal.

The Chairman said he \\"a proud to he a sociated \"ith the Hand \\"orth Di i iOll Re had heen ·truck h" amount at work which had been done b\' the Ambulance men reminded him of the humble "iolet." \\"hich was the yery pirit and hreath uf OU f country, and which wa content to bloom quietly ill :1 hedgerow in the country ':"lany people \\'ho \\"alked elr \\"11 the lanes neyer found the yiolets, so exactly \\ ere there many peop l e who were quite iO"norant of the wonderful "'ork ,,,hich the ambulance men \yere doing.

Staff.-Serg-t. G. \ Yalters proposed the toa t. "OUf Guests," and Corp Serg·t.-':"Iaj or A. Fielding responcled for the guests.

Sergt. H. Buxt on proposed a yote of thanks to all who had assisted in making the eyening such a great succc s, and the members joined hand and sang "Aulcl Lan!! Syne." This was followed by the )J"ational nthem.

PO:\'T EFRACT,-Th e fourth ann u a l dinn er of the P ontefract Corps Offic e r s w as h eld on F eh l'u an' 1sf" at the R l'd Li,)11 H otel.

February, 1930. FIR S T

Capt. Buxton (It helTie1d, the i.;:tant Commis;-;ionc.r, pre.;;ided oyer it c(lmpan: of about 50, among'>t whom were Bfl.lok, the :\hyt"ll', the Deputy (.\Id. P. \\ tl.;;on), :\1 r. ]. T. Blackburn, F. R. C. '., Dr. G. \Y. Bomtield, E. E. Blomfitld, Dr. ]. B, F.lirc1ough, Feather:lC'oe ; lorp::. urgeon T. C. A. '\ye,?tnam; \\"ith the Corps

.\Id. T. .\mery ; the Corp::. ('cretary, Cl"lrp- Officer \\. Banham, .-\ckworth; and the Corp-- Trea urer Corp L1fficer C. Hornb\.

I n the health of the ,. t. ] L1hn .-\mbu 1anct' Lt. - 01. Brook, \\"ho \\"a::. \ery cordially recei\ed thank..:·d the orps for making him guest.' He to be present a one had \'ery fe\\- opportunities of l.ng recognising the \\"ork of the Brig-<lde, \\ 1111"t at ottlngham 11(' had been connected \\"ith the _.]..-\. B., and it" Corp' there had rendered himgo1dsenice. HI.. hoped that he and the Brig-ad\:: \\"L)uIJ becl'rne better acquainted.

Re Corps upt. _-\meryaid it \\'a" nice to get rr,use sometlme- and he assured Lt.-C ol. BrL10k that the\ would alway.... e plea ed to gi\'e their He the;1 e an account of the histor)- of the Pontefract Corps, \\'ll1ch <:t?.rted 22 year:::. a:;o. From a small beginning of 1t) members they had no\\' reached tl1(' total of 501. inc1udil1'r Junior- During the past year a'si",tance had been giyen 1-1-3 road ca -e and 1,502 other ca es. There had been b65 remo\'a1s by the Pontdract ambulance. The rutal number of re.TIo\·ab for the Di\·i ion \\"as 1,++6 Capr. Buxtl)n then pre:::;enteJ t(l Colle\, of the :\[icklegate Di\i"ion, the Brigade en'ice :\l edaL

The health of the '\layor, Corporation, and \'isitors a 11 1y proposed by Corp Oll1cer Banhalll.

The after opening on a hUll10rOU note. pr0eeeded that \\"ithin a :::.hort time he and the Corporation \yould (crtainl: need all th0 well - \\'ishing they could - ecure. \Y ith the ad\"ent in .-\pril of the Local GO\'ernment .\ct the\" "'ere i for a ::.trenuou::. lime.

Turning to cl different -ubieet , the said that one t"lf the first per,on - he met coming to Pontefract was C)[P upt. .-\l11en·, \\"ho'e life, e\"en had it not been eOI1nected \\"ith Corporation \\"ould hm'e been \\'ell -;rent in hi- \ ork fM the cause. The Brig-ade had been ridiculed in the past because it not kno\\"I1, but IW\\' it had tlwt it:-; \\"ere inclispensible to the ;,uhlic.

"Our \\'a-:: \'oiced by C )rps Officer \\·iggles\\ l"lnh, ,\"ho thanked the surgeon' fl)r their intencst and -;.;;i ... tancc, and e:spressed his hope that they \\'cluld 1i\"e to .h'lp them for man\' 1110re \'ea rs ro COI11t:'.

Dr. S\\"eetnan-;, reo.;po;lding-, said he would like to haye more doctor present lhat e\'ening, but that, he knew, ,1' ill1po -sible, because for doctors there \\'as 110 Eight -IOLl rs .-\ct

The peaking \\' as interspersed \\"ith a number of tJ...'lightfu1 \'oca items by :\lr. lIes and :\1r. F. peighr, \"ith \[1'. G. H. Ho\\"dle as an able accompanist.

Thanks \\'ere accorded to Capt. Buxton and the artistb l)'1 the motion of Di\·i upt. walk1\\", suppL1rted by 0l11cer ( 1'.)] haw and upt.

Capt. Buxton, in a brief respon-e, remarked that he had een a great impro\'em 'nt in the Fontefract Corps each year.

RIPLEY.-A record of useful \york \\"a pre-ented at the annual meeting held at the Drill Hall, oyer \"hich Officer G. John ided

The ccrctar)" upt. P. Taylor, stated that the memher hip shO\\"Cd an increa e of During' the year mem ber ' had attended gras track race' and ports meeting" and dealt with 21 accidents

The financial ide had heen greatly reduced by tlw purcha 'e of a kdeton charts: h,1\'resacs and \\ater-bottles ;'L a cost of £16 IS. 6(1., the cupboard for the •. Relic" being made hy the Butterley Company and gin!1 by manao'e r , l\Ir. H. II. Holmes. The total expenditure tor

A I D. ?01

he : ear '.\as .i.66 1-+-:;. Id., a balance of £23 1-1- 5d. bein 1or\\·ard. Funds had been obtained b, oruani 111g \\ hl:t dnyes anel dancls, rh( prize' heil1O" b,' 'I; ' local tradl,I11en and Lt.-Col. Bdl1k_. ,., ;::, l In 'ion SUPL Taylor taankc(: all uH.mbers ior and the Doctor:: and ':::ccrl?tan' for their llLtrucrlYe \\·ork.

, -:-:\e\\' ambulance headquar cro.; lor the ',kipLJll DIYlSIOI1 arc to be. erected 01 a t.; ,di, ;11 Bank. .when a turthcr sum oi i30l) h:L ·'eLi. ra,lsled ThL deCISIOn \\'il.: reached at the n'llting hdu on Tue da). January 2 lh. The Chair 11:111 \\ as Dr. \\"ho \\"as upported by Sup. \\-. Re\"J101tls. Lad\' :"!rs. Parkin on , E. R. Raine -ecretarv l. and :"1r. E. lSecretary of r11e Building A re\:le\\" or the year'- \\'ork \\'a- pre ellted by '=t.. "':..,'1:. E. R. Rame and :"Irs. Pdrkin-on. who thanked \\ 110 had as-lsted the Br1crade

During' t.he yeata sp'lendid record of ambulance \york and they felt sure thar the figure would \\"1n tor Brlg"ade a greater 'neasnre 0" 5Y'l path\' a 1d suppOrt rrom the public ot :kipt'l11. In the to\\11 hop', ca 'es of fir t-aid had rcceiYl'd trea memo and 102 remoyal to and from the and Di::;tric· -Ro.::. pltal had been carried out.

lhe ummer months ambulance :nen and nur<;e \\ ere detailed weekly for duty \\"ith the motor ambulance'. and had rendered first-aid in 36 road accidcnt<;. During rhe year three of the memher: had completed 20 \"t<.r::' en'ice in the Brigade.

The tatement of aCCOlll1 - sho\n:d a balance ot £2-1- ]:;. \n appeal i to be made to raise the aI110um required to commence building operation_.

The meeting cIo,ed with the motion that a heart' \'otc of thank be extended to the chairman (Dr. :"lac1eocl) and -he other officers.

No. 6 District.

The competition 'ea -on is 110\\' in rull an; January 2: th, \yitne - ed important eyems in :\0. 6 Di 't rict the county final for :\orthl1m berland. DurhaI'1 and and E. Riding. all taking place on tk,t day at cbtterem centre__ In there wa' no competition tor the Palmer Trophy. as the Elling·ton team found it nece -an- to \\"ithdraw anel the Carl team therefore. forward 'as :1 bye into the (\istric finals. Tn the ml1er competitions. the 'rc.;;u\r<; "-ere a.;: io110\ :-

X onhumberland Bronze Shield: 1st. :\ e\\"Ca.tle City \.'. ':63}: 2nd. Carl. 2-1-1. bibho11 Bo\\'l: 1st, :\ ewcastle B." 219: 2nd, CO\\"pen Colliery. 210.

The judges \\ ere Dr. F. J. (County :\fedical Officer of H ealth) and Dr. C. LO\H\"'

Tn Durham, the result: \\"ere as under :Durham :hield: Lr. Darlin!:!·ton, 333: 2nd, Brandon 32:':\: 3[(1. Hetroll-k-Hole. 2ct k Gibbon Bo\\:l: Consett. 290 : 2nd, Felling -Collier\", 2-1-2: 3rd. Blackhall Collie[\", 219.

Palmer Trophy: Lt.' Brandon Colliery , 283: 2nd, ':::;t1I1derland (Ea:tern). 211 : 3rd, Blackhall Colliery. 266.

The j uc1ges \ycre Dr'. F. J. Boyd F. T. Harrington. H :..it)rrison. D. T. R. T. Perring' and \. Benham ,

Tn Yorkshire. the competitions re-l1lted as follm\". :Y orkshire :hield: 1st, :\liddleshroug'h Central. 311: 2nd, Paragon (Hulll, 30 : 3rd. 2°c (rihhon Bowl: Lt. ,carhorol1g·h. 26.:-: 2nd, :\[Iddl eshroug·h 26(). There \\ ere no entries for thc Palmer Tlyphy. this competition being' lOnfinl'd to bona-fide mIners.

The in thc York , hire eyent \H"fC Drs. J.

Hermon , L. Jeffcoat, S. Gilchrist and ]. Holt. Th e occasion of the holding of the Yorkshire competitions was taken as an opportunity for the presentation of the Vellum Vote of Thanks of the Order to District Officcr S. \V. .I. icholas, O.B.E. The award was made in recognition of good services rendered as District Cou:petitions oye r a period of several years and 111 other capaclt1es The presentation was made by the Acting Commissioner of the district} lIlajor A. Hammersley Johnston, O.B.E.

The Area Secretaries responsible were Corps Supt. A. E. Holliday ( orthumberland) Di, r. Supt. A. Trottcr (Durham), and Diy. Supt. G. Garland (Yorkshire), who must be given credit for some good work in the completing of local arrangements.

HALTWHISTLE.-The annual social of the Haltwhistl e Diyision was held on January 2-1-th in the Church Hall. There \Vas a good attendance of members and friends) and a happy time ,,\raS spent. Supper was provided by members of the Division, after ,,;hich the evening was deyoted to games} competitions} etc.

SOUTrr SHIELDS.-The first rowld of the Coroner Graham Shield , open to ambulance teams in County Durham, took place on Saturday, January 18th} at the Ocean Road Schools, South Shields.

The indi\ridual tests were conducted by Dr. W. Camp, bell Lyons, lIl edica l Officer of Health for South Shield , and the stretcher tests by Dr. Grieves, of Tewcastle.

Th e test case dealt ,,,-ith was that of a man supposed to be "gassed" and suffering from concussion as the result of falling when about to light a gas fire.

Criticising the performances of the teams in dealing with this imag inary emergency, Dr. Grieves pointed out that one team had forgotten to turn off the gas before proceeding to revive the man.

The winning team was Boldon Colliery, the award being as follow :-1, Boldon Colliery, 292! points; 2, Tyn e Dock L.N.E.R., 288; 3, St. Hilda 281; 4, Sunderland" A," 263; 5, Sunderland" B,"

The final will be held on February 22nd at Sunderland.

N o. 8 District.

The annual competition of the Cranleigh DlvlslOn of the S.].A.B. for the Nicholson Cup took place in the I ational Schools on fonday, January 20th, and as fo llows :-1, Transport Officer Butcher's team, 3::,1 P0111tS; 2, Amb. Officer Cheeseman's team, 344; 3, CpI. Tancock's team, 281; 4, Sergt. Boyd's team, 251.

Corps Officers B. W. Wells and C. E. Chaplin were the judges.

Corps Officer Wells spoke highly of the work of the teams and congratulated Transport Officer Butcher on the fact that his teams had won the cup three times. He read a le t ter from Miss Nicholson regretting her inabilitv to be present.

Lady Amb. Officer Miss Elliott (Rowlands Road) handed over the cup and warmly congratulated the winners.

Supt. Hillman Attwell, on behalf of the Division thanked Miss Elliott and the officers from Guildford fo; their. conti.nued interest. He also expressed warm thanks to MISS the donor of the trophy, describing her as the "faIry godmother" of the Division.

Sympathetic reference was made to the enforced absence of Corps Supt. J. W. Lambert, and the h ope was expressed that he would be present on a future occasion.

On Thursday, January 30th, members of this Division were the guests of Miss Nicholson at a dinner at the Onslow Arms Hote1.

Dr. D. Cameron, Divisional Surgeon, pres ided, amI was supported by Div. Supt. R. H. Attwell, the Rev the Hon. C. F Lyttleton, Corps O ffice r s Wells a n d Ch aplin

A I D. February , 1930. (Guildford), Amb . Office r Cheeseman and

Sergt . Crawshaw (Cran1eigh ).

1\1iss Nicholson was presented with a bouquet of pink carnations. Div. Supt. Attwell referred appreciatively to her interest in the Brigade, and a toast to her health was enthusiastically received.

Di\- Supt. Attwell proposed the toast of " The Guil dford Corps "

In reply, Corps Officer Wells congratulated the Cr anleigh Division on the recognition which they recei Yed from headquarters, especially \yith regard to transp ort work. He had noticed on more than one occasion mention of their very fine Superintendent and able band of workers. He congratulated them upon the efficiency with which they executed the work they were carrying on.

The toast of "Diyisional Supt. Attwell," propose d by the chairman, ,,'as accorded musical honours Dr. Cameron said nobody kne\\' the o-reat amount of ,york Attwell did for the Division and the village. It was largely through his efforts that they had been able to get the ambulance.

Div. Supt. Attwell, in response, mentioned that the Division had been in existence for 31 years, but had only been attached to the St. John Ambulance Brigad e fo'r eight years.

QUEEXBOROCGH.-At a meeting of the local Divi sion of the SJ.A.B., helel at the Borough Hall, Tran sport Officer J. A. Gosbee suddenly leaned forward in hi chair and died.

Ambulance colleagues rushed to his assistance and Dr. H. A. Madwar attended him) artificial respir atlOll being tried in yain.

Transport Officer Gosbee had just asked the chairman if certain repairs could be carried out to the amhulance.

He was 57 and leaves a widow, two sons and two daughters.

RocHEsTER.-The City of Rochester Diyision par aded under Supt. VV. C. Firman} Amb. Officers T. Clitheroe and A. Cole for an auspicious event in Rochester Old Corn Exchange on Wednesday} January 29th. The occasion was a visit from the Commissioner for K ent, Sur rey and Sussex (1\1r. E. A. Richards) and other officers, and a presentation to two loca l officers The l\Iayor (Ald. S. J. Brice) presided, accompanied by the Deputy 1\Iayor (COUll. F. C. A l\latthe\ys), Maj. \V. H. Noble (Assistant Commissioner for Kent), 1\1rs. Falwasser (Lady Superintendent for Kent), District Officer Mr. T. Potts, L ady District Officer Miss May, District Secretary Mr. H. Wrigglesworth, Dr. C. W. Greene and Dr. R. Stoney.

Feb r ua r y, 19 30 FIRST

Tu 'BRIDGE WELLs.-The jubil ee dinner of the Tunbridg'e NeIls Division was: held on Tuesday, February 11 th, at the Tudor Cafe.

. Lieut. -S:ol. C. B.. Palmer, C. B. E., D. L., J. P. (DiviSIOnal PreSIdent), pre by the l\1ayor (Alder!1;an J. B Snell), CommissIOner E. A Ri.:hards, F. ::\oble, ::'Ilr. E R. Be.ecr?ft, J .P , the Chief Con table plr. Guy Carlton), and DIstnct Secretary H. J. \Vrigg-Ies\yorth Dr. A. 1\1. Pollock, l\1.A , LB., ga"e the to'a tof O:der. of St. John and No. 8 S.].A B " , coupling\\'Ith It the names of CommIssIOner E. A. Richards and ;\.:;s i tant C(Hnmis ioner i\lajor F. oble, L. S A In response, l\1r. E. A. Richards told them that as members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, they members of the olde t Order of Chivalry in Europe. He to them on attaining their Jubilee and on hanng earned oul In practice and principle the ,,'o rk of of the. Order of St. Johl1 in doing what they could to relieye under any which might occur.

Noble saId he was proud to feel that t,,,o Di\ isions in Kent-Tunbridge \ Vells and Ashford - had celebrated their Jubilee It was up to Kent to be the premier county of the country. .

by the Mayor to Sergt. Burfield, and medal to Sergt. (runner-up). The" l\liles" Bowl for team competItIOn went to Sergt. Billenness and his team, to whom medal were presented.

•

The visiting Commissioner reviewed the work in his area. He said there were 33 local Divisions and 17 Nursing Divisions, 'with a total personnel of 3,722 The cases dealt with in 1929 numbered 13,745, the nu rses treating 2,767 and assisting in the removal of 1,508 by ambulance. There were 4 1 ambulances in the Distr ict, the largest proportion of these being in Kent, and they had carried 1,516 patients} travelling altogether 179,840 miles.

The Mayor said that the City was proud of its Division They were always g lad to he lp it; for the last three years they had allowed t h em a flag day and they hoped to continue thei r support. He thanked them for the great work they were doing and wished them ev ery success

Maj or Noble asked the Mayor to present to Supt. W. C. Firman and Amb. Officer A. Cole) vellum votes 0.£ thanks of the O rder, which were the highest honours .It cou ld confer. The two certificates were presented amid prolonged app l a u se.

,

1\1r. wort.h, proposing" The Tunbridge \\ ells DIVISIon, stated that it l1lU t be a great inspiration to them to know that they had the entire support of the residents the borough. Tunbridge \\'ells Diyi ion de en'ed that theIr name should be known in e\'ery house in the borough . E\'e ryone should give them support to help them to carryon. They had carried more patients in Kent than any other Di\'ision with the exception of l\laidstone.

Lieut.-Col. C. B. Palmer, re ponding, traced the hi tory of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in Tunbrid o-e \Vells' which began in 1878. He looked upon Kent as hOI11.e of ambu lance \\'ork. The first c1as es of the .-1.ssociation \"ere held there, and the first Di"isions of the Brigade \"ere created there, He thought that \vas a record of which they cou.ld be proud. They wanted recruits. They ,,,ere getting theIr new ambulance, one which ,,'ould be the la t word in He r eferred to the intere t taken by the ::\layor, "l1d saId he had helped yery much with regard to the ne\\' ,1Inb ulance. He al 0 referred to the terlino- work done by Colonel Belle t:>_

Di\, Supt. H. G. \ Nhibley, al 0 re ponding, poke of llw happy feeling which existed bet\\'een the officers of the Di\'i -io n. The whole of the work of the Division had been interesting the year, and it had been exception"Ily good. The object of the Di\'i ion \\'as efficiency-and for what? Humanity. Referring to the intere t taken by the Mayor, he said the Chief Constable al-o had taken a interes L in the Di\ ri ion.

Serg-t. S. Billenne s, proposing" Our Supporters," said he thought he hould begin first by thanking those gentlemen ho had presented the cups that e\·ening The Brigade's Idea was not per onal gain, but doino' their best for the Di\·ision. Their ambition wa to brin: the Kent Cup and b e\'e n the Den-ar Shield, to Tunbridgc \Ve11s. He referred to "inside" upporter, and aid the work they did was sllnp ly,,'o nderful. His \\ '01' hip the layor had backed up Colonel Belk in helping to get that record sum of o\'er £800 last year.

The responding, declared that he was extremely gla d they had s cured their new headquarters and am bulance, eel brated their J ubilee, and secured the Kentish review for Tunbride \\'e ll s He did want the public to re<,tlise what their position would be if the BrigRde did not eXl t. People so often waited until they needed help before they lme,,- where the he lp \\'as coming from. He felt sure that if people only knew the work they were ready to do, that would hm re a stimulating effect and get all the support the\' needed.

- l\ l r. Owen Norman p r oposed the toast of "The Press."

The "Beecroft" Cup for individual efficiency was

Artists to a pleasant musical programme Included VIOlet Godfrey, ;\1 iss Goodwin , rs. Enc Bettie, ]. H. Blackman, H. \V.· Cox, A. C. \Valsh and "V. James Richards, interesting matters were discussed at the annual meet111g of the Vvorthing Division. An a rrangement has l':ow been made for a First-Aid tent to be used for roadSide sen-ice in the summer months and most probably "!'oad patrols" along some of the m t dangerous roads 111 the V.,T orthing district. The report the Officer stated that during 1929 the number of patients removed to and from hospitals and nursinohomes, etc., 586 with a mileage of 4,875. greatly appreCiates the work done by urses Dio-by and Sauuders. b balance sheet shO\\"S a profit of £ 13, which money IS g0111g to\yard the cost of prO\'id ing greatcoats for members who attend football matches, etc. No. 9 District.

EXETER.-The annual supper of the Exeter Di,-isio n ,,'as held on Saturday) J Tth. A suggestion that an appeal be made to the CItIzens of Exeter to provide ne\y headquarters for the Diyision was made by 1\1r. F. P. Cottery.

The Mayor propos ed "Success to the Corps" and them on the plendid 'york being done. I shc:>ul? be nry surprised," continued the Mayor, " If there IS 111 any place of the same size as Exeter, a more efficient corps than the Exeter one."

The rea on for that was obvious. at only had they an excellent and enthusiastic medical officer in Dr. Lovely, but in Supt. BO"'den they had a man who had ginn up his life to the work.

Replying, Supt. Bo\\'den said the Division was now entering on its thirtieth year of sefYice in the city. He had had the honour of commanding the Division throughout that period. During that time he had encountered many other Di\'isio ns, but he had not Yet met one that he ,yould exchange for \yhat he called his own.

He ga\'e tatistics a to the work done by the DiyiIOn during the pa t year, including 188 street accidents 537 private removal , 22 fires} and 52 priYate accidents. Their strength at the end of the year ,yas 39. In conclu ion, upt. Bowden said the Brigade was worthy of more support from the citizens of Exeter than they had given in the past.

The Chairman, Dr. C. N. Lonly (Divisional Surgeon), proposed the "Visitors," and Gen. Edwards, responding, suggested that the financial section of the City Council might "squander a little more money" and cleYote it to the worthy purpose of proyiding headquarters for the Brigade l\Iusic was supplied by lIIessrs. Standfield and 'White's band reproducer.

ILLOG.-\x.-The splendid work performed by members of Illogan Diyision was eulogised at the annual dinner of the Diyi ion at the ambulance headquarters at Pool, on Tuesday e\'ening, January 21st. 1\1r. Josiah Paull (viceI're ident) pre ided.

Amb. Officer R. J ory submitted" The President, vicePre ident and Members of the Finance Committee/' and paid a tribute to the o-reat interest the Rev. Harry Oxland, the yeteran rector of Illogan (President) had taken in the Diyi ion from its inception.

Mr. Josiah Paull, responding, welcomed Supt. Craze ,

after his rcccllt prolonged illness. The parishioners of Tllog-an might well be proud of their Division. The amount of time the members gave voluntanly and the yast number of hours they spent in endeavouring to render assistance to suffering humanity was of the utmost valne, and deserving of the highest commendation.

Toasting "lllog-an Ambulance Division," l\lr. J. c. Penberthy (Portreath) remarked that the motto of the Di"ision might well be ( Anywhere and Every\\'aere." All cases throughout the parish were conyeyed free of charge in the motor ambulance, and it was a very great boon to the poorer resiJents.

Am b. Officer R. J. James remarked that the Division was ncver more efficiently equipped nor managed than at the present time. This was due to the loyalty and devotion of the members. No small credit for the success attained was due to Supt. Craze. As a token of esteem, he had pleasure in presenting Supt. Craze, on behalf of the members, with an ebony walking-stick.

Responding, Supt. Craze thanked the members for thei r gi ft. The Division felt confident that in coming clays the moyement ",;ould continue to receive the same practical assistance from South Crofty as in the past. A musical programme was enjoyed by all present.

POOLE.-A prog-ressive year \\ as reported at the annual meeting- of the Poole Corps h e ld in the H ec kford Park Drill Hall uncler the chairmanship of Dr. E. Scott Bowes. Poole and Parkstone Divisions and the Nursing Division are included in the Corps and membership ge nerally \\'as stated to have increased. A credit balance \\'a s sho\yn in the report submitted by )'1r. E. S. Bennett, the Corps Secretary, notwithstanding h ea "y expense incurred during the year in purchasing new members' uniforms and the hir e of another hall, necessitated by the f0rJnation of a ['oole Diyisioll. Reference \\'as made to the recent formation of a local centre of the Corps. It "'as announced that Dr. Bowes had presented a cup for competition bet\\'een the local Diyisions and an effort is to be made to secure the county cup for this area. An appea l for recruits concluded the meeting.

No .8:0 District.

COLCIIESTER.-The annual meeting of the Colchester Di"ision was held on February -I-th at St. Botolphs Parish Hall, Supt. H. V:. Lee presiding, supported by Ambulance Officer C. J. 'orman, Di\'isional Secretary, 25 members being present.

Sup!. Lee, Divi 'io nal Treasurer read the balance sheet a balance in hand of £50 3s. 11d.

The secretary read the report of the year's \\'o rk showing 151 cases attended on public duty, 681 removal cases by motor ambulance with a mileage of 8,370 including 96 road accidents. The strength of the Di\'ision being 31.

It \o\'us agreed to hold a flag day again this year in COI1juncLion with the B.R.C.S.

Supt. Lee mentioned that this year was the 21st birthday of the Di\'ision and he had invited the inhabitants of the town to subscribe towards holding a dinner to celebrate the event.

Se\'eral members expressed their wish that a letter of thanks be sent to the Hon. Surgeon, Dr. R. D. Bradshaw for the interest he had taken in the Di"i ion and for the helpful lectures he had Kiven.

The rneeting concluded with a \'ote of thanks to the Supl. for his work for the Di\' ision.

1I.'\::\NINGTREE.-An inspection of the Manning-tree Division has been held at Manningtrcc by the Asst. Commissioner for Essex (Mr. A. Langley Jones).

After seeing the men in drill and first-aid work, the Commissioner remarked that) considering it was such a

A 10. February 1930

small parish, the work of the Brigade was excellent and efficient. The financial aspect was) however, poor, and he hoped that the public would give better support when asked to contribute towards the funds of the Brigad e. An extract from Divisional orders by Dr. J. IIoss ac k C01:nmissioner of the East Anglian Division, was read , whIch he stated that although not much was heard of l\Ianningtree, the men were well trained and very efficient and were doing excellent work.

SIlERINGIIAM.-The annual report of the Sheringh am Division of the St. J 01111 Ambulance Brigade states: The membership of the Division now stands at 29) consistin o of three officers) one sergeant, three corporals and two privates, a decrease 0 £ two privates, one of \\ hom has left the town. It is hoped that some of the candidates who passed the examination in firstaid on December 10th \\'ill join the Division. Twentysix cases) in which first-aid has been effici ently rendered or remo\'als have been undertaken under doc tors' orders, have been recorded. Five of the cases were road accidents, though none of these occurred during the p atro l duties undertaken by the Division. On September 5th a very useful afternoon and evening were spent at the hospitals carnival, "where members treated and transpor ted seven cases) two of which were sufficiently serious to require medical attention. Home football matches ha\'c heen regularly attended and several cases treated. The Division has had a very successful year in competition \\ork, gaining a first and third prize in individual firs t-aid at the county display and winning the "Holmes" Cup at the Lads' Club. At the annual examination, \\7hich ,,;as taken by Diy. Surgeon J. E. Linnell, all members present were successful, 15 qualifying for lab els, seven for medallions, and four for vouchers. The Division is in need of oYercoats for all ranks and a litter to iacilitate short distance transport.

Priory for Wales.

OPENING OF CYMMER MOTOR AI\IBULANCE STATION.

NEW n1.otor ambulance car, provided by the Priory for \V ales, was on Wednesday, January 29th, placed at CYl11l1ler, Port Talbot, for public service

An interesting ceremony, arranged by Alderman \\,illi am J enkins, P., was witnessed by a large gathering of colliery agents, workmens' representatives, medical men, minis ter of religion, members of workmens' lodges, and people from all parts of the surrounding district.

Alderman William J enkins, on behalf of t1w Pri ory, invited the Chairman of the Urban District Council l)f Glyncorrwg, W. L. Jones, Esq., J. P., to open the station, which he did, and thanked the Priory on behalf of the Council for placing: a. car in that area, where it \\'as wry much needed. He said that as an old miner, he could re ca ll scores of accidents in the mines, where such a \'alu able means of transport as that would have been of untold sen·ice There had been many accidents where men had been held up at the pit top for hours waiting to be taken to hospital.

School children assembled in the Council Office Squ are and sang a hymn. A short service was then held and the car was dedicated by the Reverend D. R. J 0l1l::S.

The Commissioner for vVales expressed his appreciation of the interest taken in the movement by the chairman an d members of the Council. In thanking Alderman J enkins, he referred to him as a great mao with great power and great responsibilities. He was proud to be there that day to see this beautiful ambulance car dedicated for service in the .\fan Valley. It was fitted with every modern appliance and it might be said was the" la st word" in ambulances. It was

February, 1930. F I"R S T

it cylinder 30 power "Armstrong Siddeley" chassis, With a body conta1l11ng every comfort an d convenience which could be h eated to varying temperatures, and would climb any hill in the district. He had seen the car which took the !{ing from Lo.ndon to and the Cymer car was equal 111 every way, If not supenor. The Priory had the only public motor ambu lan ce the Metropolitan area, and the people had It.S va lue. During the past year 5,094- cases were carned In tht:> Priory ambulances and a c1istance of 94-,498 miles. travelled. He hoped would support. the car, that It would be litLle used, but if it was nee ded. It there ready night and day to take mOlI1, woman and chdd Without delay, in case of accident or sickness to the in the A committee is to be appoi l;t ed co n s lstll1g of representatLYes of the owners and workmen as i" done in. other areas, to. advise the Priory on matters

WIth the car statIOn. The Commissioner paid a tnbute to the Glamorgan County Police, who he said, could alv,rays be relied upon to give assistance to the public and all connected with the ervice

The car was afterwards inspected by those present. AI:1 men from the. Aberblaengwynfi and Glyncorrwg were 011 duty 1I1 uniform in. command of Supt. G. John and Supt. C. Terry respecbvely, as well as boy cadets from these units.

Tea sen'ed in the Central Hall Boy'S School, CYl1lmer, whIch had been arranged by Mr. Dayid Jenkin s and a number of local ladies, and the school children recci\'ed an apple and an orange each.

Io TIl L \' MEETIl\'GS.

1\leelings of the Executive and Ambulance Committee of the Priory were held in the Priory Room, Law Courts, Cardiff, 011 Monday, January 27th, the Rt. Hon. Thomas Richards P. C., presiding.

The question of first aid equipment bein o carried on service '.'e hicles and the training of the in ilrst aid was and it was unanimously decided to approach the Mll1lster of Transport with a view to a Clause being inserted to give effect to this in the "Road Transport Bill" now before Parliament.

It was decided to ask the Mines Department to consider 111 the new draft regulations that those in charge of first aid r?oms shall n?t on ly hold a certificate of proficiency in first aiel.' but that It shall be at least once in three years as 111 the case of the certdlcates issued by the Board of Trade to masters and of merchant yessels and to skippers and sl'co nd hands of fishlllg trawlers. Authoritv was ,ri\'cn for special o.utfits as laid down in the new to be II: the Stores Department of the Priory for issue to colltenes 111 Wales as required.

I t was decided to send a leaAet to all factories in Wales gi\ ing particulars of the St. John tourniquet which factory, of the HO.me Office recommends as part of the tirst aid eq ulpment which must be provided in factories employing more than fifty persons.

_ It was reported that the Head Teachers' A sociation in had considered the question of teaching of hrst (lId 111 schools, and the matter is to he fut-ther at the annual l11.eding this month.

Consent was gi"en for the" Lady Lewis" and" Lad\' Bule" Cups and the « Silurian," '( Tre\'ethin," ., Isca " and ':.G went" Shields to bc competed for at the Royal National I'..lsteddfod of Wale'S to be held at L1anell\, in 1hwu st next if the C,ol1lr:niLlee wish,. and a list of judges \vas Sernce Medals Issued by command of His Majesty The king' for fifteen yeat-s' service in the St. John are to be applied tor on behalf of Corps Surgeon Dr. hclgar Llewellyn, City of Cardiff Centre; Corps Secretan I?a\'id George Russel', Borough of Rhondda Centre ; e.t<l1-Y ] oseph _ of Ne\\' port Centre; SupL. Wilham hd\\'arcl Gordon Cotter, i\mbulanCl' SIster E.lizabelh .\mbulancc Sister Hannah James, all of CIty of CardIff Centre; and Sen'icc Medal Bars for

A I D. 205

additional fi\'e years' efficiency for Divisional Supt G w'lr H .

I tam opk1l1s, and Ambulance Officer Charles Henrv Brown, both of Borough of Newport Centre. -

Aut.hority was gi"en for the of leases and declaratI?ns of trust ill connection with the ambulance ball s at Abert dler y and Pontycymmer, for which a O'rant was made by tl:e Miners' Welfare Fund. The trustcetappointed ,the Hon. P.C., 1\1r. Finlay GIbson,. and Sir Herbert LeWIS, K. B. E. Arrangements are also belllg made for ambulance halls at L1ancre inor and Heolycyw, which it has been decided to \'est in 01e trustees of the Priory.

Sanction ,,-as gi,en for the formation of a ne\\' l\'ursil1'" Division at Usk and a Cadet Division at Colbren in eath Corps. It was decided to change tile title ot the 1\larine Colliery Di"ision in the Monmouthshire Centre which will in futul-e be knowll as the Cwm Division. ' l eetings of Chapter and Grand Committe e a re to be held in the City Hall Oil. Saturday, March 1st at which Lhe S.ub-Prior, the Rt. Hon. Lord Kylsant, G.c. will preSIde, and the Lord !\layor of Cudiff. Alderman \Villiam Charles, will extend an official welcome to the deleg ates.

BARGOED NURSING

Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O. B. E., Deputy Lady Supt. for Wales, presented the prizes at a vVhist Dri\'e and Dance organi ed by the Bargoed Nursing Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in the Hall Cafe Ba llroom, Bargoed, on Tuesday, January 7th.

The large attendance spoke well for the great esteem in whieh the Di"ision is held and the appreciation of the people of Bargoed. Establi<:hed in 1926, with l\frs. Turn er as Lady Divisional Supt., it has made excellent progress and doing exceptionally good sen·ice.

,-\ Medical Comforts Depot was established in 1\larch, 1927; constant demands have been made upon it new equipment has been purchased, and the stock is still insufficient. In addition to tIle work done at the Depot, where accidents are brought in daily for attention, members as ist ill. the dressing and llursing of sick people in their homes, prepare patients for hospital , and help in e\'ery way to relieve suHering in the district.

1\ledical practitioners and the public generally ha \'e come to regard the work of the Depot and its willing help ers, as of the greatest value

The Division has now provided a Road First .-\id for the treatment of street accident case. Thi has been erected with the permission of the local CouneU at Trafalgar Square, and thE' Bargoed t\ ursing Di\'ision will be sible for its upkeE'p. The cabinet wa upplied from the Stores Department of the Priory, and is similar to those recently ordered by the Tredegar and Risca Council.

NEATII CORPS CADET SOCL\L.

The Neath Corps held a social for the Cadets of the Corps at the vVesleyan Chapel, Tea th, on aturday, January 25th.

Among those present were Sub-Commissioner D. Evans-Be\'on and E\,ans-Beyon, Corp Surgeoli Dr. Armstrong, Staff Officer S. J. Esmond, Briton Ferry; Corps Supt. J. Ri chards, Corps eeretary \\'. J. Richards, Corps Treasurer D. J. John and Sister G. Jones of the Neath Nursing .-\.ssociation representatiyes from neighbouring Di\'ision also attended.

About 260 sat down to tea including Officers. A. concert by the Cadets followed. During an inter\'al Sub-Commissioner Evans-Be"on ga\'e an address, and Mrs. E"ansBC"on presented cups and medals to the Onl1\'\'YI1 Seyen Sisters and Glynneath Di"isions respecti\'ely.

Corps Surgeon Dr. Armstrong and StaR Officer :1.. J. Esmond also addre 'se d the gathering.

T uBr\Cl! \ l\]) PORT T \LBOT Dl\rlol\.

The first ann u al Cadets Xmas tree and presentation of LL\\'ards in conncction with the abo\'e Di\'i -ion \\ '<1S helel at

FIRST

,\mbulance Hall, :'Ilargam-terrace, Port Talbot, on January 7th. A mong those present ,,,ere Lemuel Jones, Corp Secretary D. Pugh, H. S. B:, Cal ps Trea urer :\If. Poole, Oi\'. urgeon Dr. O. Isaac, 01\'. Supt, T. Hockin, and Lady Di\ Supt. :'Ill' F. J ane,

The presentation of award gained at the annual reexam. to 42 Girl Cadet \\'a made by Corps D. Puo' h ,,,ho wa formerl,' the first Diy. upt. for Talbach Di\i:-;i'on. Corp" Treasu-rer Alf. Poole,. on behalf of the ;\ursing Oiyision, next made a pre entatIon to Lady Supt. :'III's. F. Jane of a sih'er cake dish. The Corps. Treasur:r, on behalf of the Di\ ision, also made a presentatIOn to DI\·. Surtyeon Dr. D. L aac, who suitably re ponded. Dr. D. Isaac next made a presentation, on behalf of the Di\'i ion, to the Corps Treasurer, \\'ho \\';:t formerly the second Dl\,. upt. of Taihach Di\ i ion.

_

Gifts were di!:>tributed from the Xmas tree to Boy and Girl Cadets. A concert was next gi\'en by yarious Girl Cadets, under the suren' ision of :'III'. Alf. Jone , al 0 organised the games, etc., ,,'hich concluded a \ ery enjoyable pyening. ,

The o-rateful thank of Corps and DlnslOnal officer are also ed to the employees of B,:ld"'ins, Ltd., :\largam Iron and Steel \Vork , \"ho sub cnhed the necessan funds for this e\'ent, also to 1\1r. 11. Colbert and :'Ilr. \V'- Brooks \\'ho so kindly collected these subscriptions.

3lolice J\mbulance Work. National Police Competition.

TIlE eliminating' rounds for this competition ha\'e now bee.t1 held and the ,,,inners are endeayouring to increase their kno\dedge before the final, which is to be held at the ;\orthampton Institute, St. John-street, London, E, c.1. The jud O' es on this occa ion "'ill be Dr. R. B . Duncan of London,'" team te t ; Capt. A. Ellison of Leeds, indiyidual test.

It is expected that the Home Secretary (the Right Han. J. R. Clynes, :'II. P.) \\'ill present the challenge cup and prizes, The following results ,-yill shO\\' which teams " ill meet in the final :-

;\0. 1 District. Held at Manchester on January 15th.

Judges: Dr. William Gray, :\l.D., Dr. C. R. Hoskyn: :'Il.D. (indi\' idual tests) ; Dr. :'IJa;or J. Orton, M.D., :\l.R.C.S., Dr. Capt. J. Anderson, :'II. D. (team te t) \Vinner, Lanca" \ " team.

X 0, 2 District. Held al Darlington on January 21st. J uJges were Dr. K. H. Be\'erle\' of Barnsley and Dr. \,v. Gnl\' of \\'est Hartlepool. County N;. 1 team \\'en' adjt.idg e d the winners.

o. 3 Di st rict. Held at Doncaster on January 16th.

Judges: Dr K. H. Beyerle)' and Dr. J. J. Huey. Yorkshire

\\'. R. team b e ing the winners.

;\0. 4 District, Held;:tt Birmingham on January 16th,

Jud:.;es: Dr. W. E. Audland of Oxford and Dr. G. D. E. Tullis of Her e ford. Birmingham;\ o 1. team being adjudged the winners.

5 District. Held in London on January 17th.

Judges: Dr. R. C. Robertson and Capt. A. \Yhite Knox. \Yinners, East Surroll;;:.

6 DistricL. Held at Brighton on January 23rd.

Judges: Dr. \-\'. E Peck of Hasting and Dr. A :\1. Pollock of Tunbridge "'ells. \\T est Sussex team being the winners.

;\0, 7 District. Only one entry received, therefore Gloucestershire Con tabular), team will represent this Dislricl in the final.

A I D. February, 19.30.

?\o. 9 District. vVinners, Metmpolitan Police, "F" Di\'i ion. (Full report appeared in our J anuary i sue).

9 Dr TRICT ELI;>.rrNATll'o:G

INDl\ IDUAL

;\ OS. 1 & 2.-0n a cold and f1'Osty morning the patient, an elderh man, lips and falls to the ground. On remoyinghis cap 'you find blood An ambulance ho:-;. is clo e hy. Render first-aid. Time allowed 10 minute.

February, 1930. FIRST

No 4.-v\'hat are the igns and ymptom of the three groups of Narcotics as c lassified in the T extbook? Gi\'e the name of one poison from each group. Time a llow ed fiye minutes.

i.-T endency to go to leep 2

Stupor 2

Coma

Pin point pupils

Breathing d eep and sterterou

Pulse low and weak

Opium and its preparation

2.-Delirium developing into coma

Pupils dilated...

Pulse q ui ck 2

Belladonna, stramonium, chloroform and alcohol 2 3. -Convuls i ons 2

Feeling of suffocation 3

Liyid feature , 2

Profou nd collapse 2

Strychnine, aconite and pru IC 2 35

In his reporl to the \V atch Committee on the City of \\Torcester Police Estab li shment for the year ended December, 31st, 1929, the Chief Conslable (Ca'pt. \V. J Hutchinson) stated that every melTlber of the Force holds the First -\id certificate of the St. J ohn Ambulance Association. .-\ representati\'e ambulance team cornpeted tor the City of \\Torcester St. J oh!'! :\mbulance Challenge Shield and the "Sir Henry 'Crwick" Cup at the annual competitions of the \Vorcester Centre of the S.]. .-\,A., and succeeded in gaining second p lace in each competition The reporl also state that 11 members of the Force hold tbe bronze medallion of the Royal Life-Saving Society, for proficiency in the kno\\'ledge of rescuing the drowning and of restoring anim.ation to t he apparently drowned'

The preliminary round of the "Dr. Cunliffe" Shield com petition was held on J anuar\, 21st at the Ton'n Hall, Pontefract Dr. Beyerle)' (Polic'e Surgeon, \\ Torsborough Bridge District) adjudicated, and afterward expre sed hims elf a. delighted with the ,,'ork done. Teams from Castleford, Feather tone, Goole, P ontefract and T adcaster competed

2

3

J

2

2

2

A I D. 207

the kind im itation of 1I 1r. \\ '. ]. Harri , who i connected with the College. Thi took place on the th February.

" Our party numbered 80 odd men, but \\'c were also JOined by some of the members of the Brigade from Southend and a small party of the CilY Police.

" 'e were duly mustered in the Di ectin")' Theatre of the College, and it \\'a our priyilege for the hour and a half to Ii ten to that which \\'a undoubtedl" the finest and most intere Ling and instructiye lecture e\'er lieard.

:'III'. Harris is undoubtedly a past master in First ,-\id Lecturing, and judging hy the "'a,, it \\'as by the entire audience it \\'a , indeed, a 11;,e tribute to the ful ,,'ay in "'hich he had prepared this lecture. \\'ith the aid of actual specimen, and his kill \\'ith chalk and drawing-board, the entire class \\ ere 0 absorbed one could ea baye heard the "pin drop.' I n fact, the afternoon \\' a. and " , ill be a memorable one to the .-\mbulance ection of the Police Re en c.

The remainder of the time until b p,m. \\'a ' occupied \nth a tour round the College :\Iuseul11, \\'hich terminated this mo t enjoyable and eyentful afternoon. .-\ hearty \'L1te of thank was' accorded to '\Ir. Harris by th0eparate" unitrepresented for his kindne S, and that on behalf of the Cit\, Police by Sergt. G. Emery, Hon. Sec.----,.

Voluntary Aid Detachments.

"'AR OFFI E

TIlE undermentioned "'oluntar,, Aid Detachment hm e been registered at the \\'ar Office :-=No. 120 De\'on, Commandant :\Iiss F. K. "'ood ;\0 310 Lancashire Ea t, Commandant :'I1r. E. O. Dench; No. 136 Xottingham, Commandant H. L. Fro,, ; Xo. 63 Yorkshire, "'e t Riding, Commandant Captain \Y. .-\ckroyd, organi ed by the Order of St. John of Jerusalem; and 1\0. 59 Sussex, ommandant :'Ilr. .\. T. :'Ilockeu, organised by the British Red ociety.

1\os. 3 and 5.- everal workmen are employed on a building in cour e of erection Part of the caffold \\ 'ith O'le workman fall" to the ground. You arc on duly at

hulance Station close b). Render First Aiel and prepare

patient for placing' on a stretcher. Time allo\\'Cd 10 minute..,.

c\ny further -+

fellow workman mo\'ing patient ... -+

Enquire if patient is conscious (J udge : Yes) 2

Varn patient to remain quiet.. -+

Encouraging words 2

Enlist the service of a fellow workmen -+

EXRI11 ination of-

Patient, enquire as to region where pain 2

Head, 2; Eye, 2 ; Ears, 2 ; Arms, 2 8

Body, may be some irregularity in back, -+ ; Leg, 2 6

Send for doctor (No doctor a \'ailab le) 2

Treatment.

Carefu ll y turn palient on hi s back with head 011 one ide -+

Bandag'e thighs, 2; knees, 2; legs, 2; a nkl es, 2; feet, 2 10

Prepare patient for placing him on stretc h er Obtain poles. Bandagcs under h ead, shoulders, buttocks, th ighs, cah es... 6

Efflcicncy in placing bandages in position 'without intertering wit h comfort of pat ent -+

Ask patients n ame an d address 2

.-\fter an interesting competition, Goole with 125 marks were declared the winners, follo\\'ed by Pontefract and Tadcaster \\'ith 101 and 100respecti\'ely.

Similar competitions han, been, or \\'ill be, held ill other parts of \Y est Riding, and the \\'inners ",ill compete ill a final rL)und to be held later.

The Chief Constable of Gateshead reports lhat the Force, from the Ch ief Constabl e to the last-joined probalionel', are fully qualified and efficient in First-A.id \\' ork. The record a R e - examined t,,'el\'e time ' 2 ; eleven times, -+; t Il time, 14; nine times, 12 ; eight 7; se\'en times, 14; six times, 3; fi \'e t im es, 64; four time, 13 ; three times, 8 ; twicE', 9 ; and examined for certificate and passed, 9 making a tota l of 159. In addition, there i within the Force a Di\'ision of the S,],A, B., 54 trong, with the Chief Constable as Di\'isional Supt. ---_

The City of London Police Reserve.

The undermentioned detachments (,,'hich are under the commandants named) haye recei\ ed official recognition by the "'ar Office under the new scheme :No, 2 Lanca hire "'est, Mrs. E. mith; Ko. H :'Iliddlesex, :'III'S. A. C. London, organised by the Order of t. John of Jeru alem: No, 56 De\ on, :'IIrs. C. :'II. Quicke; ;\0. Lancashire East, :'IIi - E. :'II. Bro\\' n; o. 10 City of London :\li s E . .\1. T. Quekeu; ;\0. 2 Rutland, :'Ilr:. \'. Finch; ?\l), -+" ex, :'IIis R, :'1. Byron, org-ani ed by the Briti - h Red Cross Societ\ ; and 44 Perth, \liss E. :\1. R. Reach, organi ed by the British Red ross ociety ( cottish Branch). .\ conference of th0 \-olunlary .-\id organi ation for the Count \. of Middlesex \\'a held at the .\Iiddlesex Guildhall nxenth'.

Colonel E. J. King, "ice-chairman of the Middle ' ex Territorial .-\ssociation, pre ided in the ab ' ence of 1\Ir. C. F. De ali" and the included :'Ilajor-General Sir Perci\'al \\ 'ilkinson, LadyBeryl Oli,'er, Colonel De La Pryme, :'Il ajor E. H, Hicks, Controller; and Robinia Lady :\IountO'arret :\ Controller of the " '.A.D. in the County of .-\s a re ' ult of the conference it is hoped that several new of the Order of J 01111 and the British Red Cro - s-will be raised in the neal future.

;\

o. 8 District. Held at the La\\' Courts, Cardi rr, on January 30th. Judges: Dr. S. G. Morris and Dr. G. D. E. Tulli s Cardin' City team were declared the ·winners.

Treat shock, blankets, etc 6 70

SINCE the ast report appeared in FIRST \lD , we a ll been hard at it with the e ine"itable ni g ht s of lectures and pract ice which a lw ay preceed the St. J ohn Examinations, and we are no\\' awa itin g the final tu s le with the D octor. Obv io u 1)', there ha been little t im e for anyth in g el e as a divers ion, but, at ea t, we h ave h ad the good fortune to enjoy an afternoon at the London Callege of • nat0111)" through

W ORCESTER V D. Nos. 1 .\ND 2-+.-The distribution of \\' as held on January 16th at the Guildhall. In the una\ oidab le of Gelleral Sir Franci Dm ie, the Mayor of \ Vorccster, the lIon. John CO\'entry, pre ided and spoi{e \'ery highly of the \york done by the d:tachm.ent.s, The Do,,'ager Counte s Dcerhurst \'ery kindly dlstnbuted the a\\'ards, l\ 1r. R. J Hilliar, Commandant, gm e a detail d report of the men' detachment and Lady.\tkins that of the \\' om n's. 1111'. Torn Middleton's concert party grpatlyassi ted in making the ey ning most enjoyable.

Rat/way Ambulance News.

Great Western.

By the time these notes appear in print the first round (Divisional) of the 1930 competitions \"ill be in full swing throughout the system. It is understood that the entry is again a heayy one-considerably oyer 300 teams, of which about two-thirds are in the Beginners' Classa feature which mu t be gratifying to all those who haye done so much of late years to encourage the younger men in G.\Y.R. to take up first-aid work. hope in our :'IIarch issue to bc in a position to giye the names of the teams obtaining- first places in each class in the senntecn Ambulance Di\-i ions of the railway, which will haye qualified to enter the next (semi-final) round of these competitions. The semi-final competition will probably be held, as last year) in London, Newport, Birmingham and \Yeston -s uper-ilIare, for the convenience of teams from parts of the line.

BlnSToL.-It is reported that :'IIr. A. \T. :'IIaggs has resigned the position of Diyisional Ambulance Secretary for the Bristol B" (Xo. -1-) Diyision) which he has held since and that his placc has been taken by Mr. F. \Y. 'Wills, of the Superintendent's Office, Bristol.

KEYL.\XD.-"Cp\"ards of 300 people present at the annual presentation of examination in connection \\-ith the :\ eyland class on January -1-th, when the band of the 1st. Batt. Essex Regiment made its first appearance in X eyland

The chair was taken by Mr. "V. E. Winter (stationmaster), \"ho extended a cordial \n1come to the Regiment and spoke of the success of the 1\ eyland class in gaining the Diyisional Challenge Shield. The a\"ards were presented hy 1\1rs. Douglas, ,,"ife of the class lecturer. Reference \\-as made to a case of first aid rendered by 1\I1r. Ben John last year to a child to \"hom he successfully applied artificial re pi ration after she had been pulled out of the water, and during the proceedings the child, Doreen Hutchings, presented her photograph to 1\11'. John .

GLollCESTER.-About 120 persons attended the annual dinner in connection \yith the Gloucester ambulance class which was held at the Spread Eagle Hotel on January 18th. 1\11'. S. :'I10rris (Divisional Superintendent) presided and among the guests present were the Mayor of (:;loucester (-:\Ir. S. J. Gillett), Mr. H. L. Boyce, M.P.)

1\1r. A. Hopkins (the Deputy Chief Constable)) Mr. H. L. Edwards) Drs. Sprague and Stillman and a lar ge number of railway and ambulance officials of the city

The Chairman said the year had been a gratifying onc for ambulance work in Gloucester and pointed out that whilst for the whole of the G.W.R. the percentage of efficient ambulance workers to the total staff employed was ten, that for the Gloucester Division was fifteen. They were not, however) satisfied with even that figure and were taking steps to improve upon it. The movement owed much to the valuable assistance it received at the hands of the medical profession and 11r. Sprague's services to the Gloucester class called for a special tribute of praise.

During the evening a number of excellent speeches were interspersed by vocal music and the distribution of examination awards by the -:\1ayor) \"ho heartily con -

gTatulated the recipient on their high standard of efficiency

PLDlOUTH.-1\Iembers of the Plymouth cla s mel ill the Public Library, Plymouth. under the presidency of il1r. E. H. Dannath (Divi ional llpcrintendent), to rccci 'L their examination a\yards at the hands of ilIrs. J. F. L ean (,,-ife of Principal Assistant to General Manager), on the. enning of January 29th

Among the distingui hed guests \\-e re the Mayor and ilIayoress (Ald. and ilIr J. Churchward). the .:\1ayor and l\Iayores (Ald. and R. R. Oke), Dr. Stephens \\-ard (lecturer), ilIr. H. S. B. \Vhitl ey ,ional engineer), 11r. J. H. Catherall (district o·ood., manager)) and many others

The Chairman expressed gratification that 93 of the. 98 students presented for examination had been ful, ,,-hich reflected credit on their lecturer, Dr. \Yard.

The 1\1ayor said no cause appealed to him more than ambulance work, and it ,,-as a pleasure to link up civic and general ambulance actiyity \yith that carried on the G.\Y.R. It \yas a mO\ 'c mcnt in \,;hich men and \\-01111.'11 elevoted their talents and leisure to help humanity-a noble sen-icc calling for patience and cou ra ge

Among the large number of a\\ards distributed b\ :\Irs. Lean were t\yO for 25 years' efficiency, one for 2li years' efficiency and four for 15 years' efficiency.

1\1rs. Lean was the recipient of a handsome bouqu et at the hands of -:\Iiss Kathleen Tippett, the daughter of the honorary Class Secretary) ]. H. Tippett.

London, Midland and Scottish .

The preliminary competitions \vill be held in the we ek commencing March 2-1-th) and the judges will be: Tea m Test) ]. R. Bulman, Esq.) ilLB., of Hereford. Indi\'ic1ual Tests, D. \V. A. Bull, Esq., M.D., of Stony Stratford.

The 1929 Challenge hield Competition of the riage Dept. at Euston Station, has again been won by ;\Ir. H. Price)s team.

The following members of the Sheffield Area Class oi the L.1\I.S. have been admitted Honorary Serving Brother s of the Order of St. John) for long sen'ice in the ambulan ce movement.

1\Ir. David Jones) chief lineman, passenger slatio 11, Shefficld; 1\Ir. Arthur Liggins) engineer' departmen t. Rotherham; Mr. John Bennett, signalman) D ronfield.

1\1r. Harry Williams, signalman, Dore and Totley) b as also been awarded the Parchment Vellum of Thanks ()the same Order.

Southern.

Arrangements are now complete for the holding u1 the Divisional competitions) which will commence on 1\1onday, ::\tIarch 17 th

It is confidently anticipated that the number of competing will again constitute a record and some yer ) keen contests are assured.

Female Staff Competition.-The competition for handsome trophy offered by the General Manager for pctition between teams of female employees will be he ld at Brighton on JV1a rch 26th

February, 19.30. FIR S T

Final COl11petition.-The final competition for decidin< the t,yO to rcpre C11t the Southcrn Raihya\ in tIll' Inter-Ralhyay Competition \\-ill be 11l'lcl at treet Hotel on Frida\-, -:\lay 2nd.

The co.mpe'tition- \\ill be held in public and admis ion \nll be by tIcket. The accommodation is limited and memher of the staff desiring- to attend hould communicate \yith the Centrc in good time. ---._._--

London and North Eastern.

The half-yearly meeting of the X.-E. Centre \\"<1 held_ in York on. J .25th) when delegates ,,-ere pre trom yanou dlstnct) and -:\1r. Hard\\-ick.

Darlll1gton, presl.ded The S:=entrc Secretary (-:\Ir. George Jack on) pre hIS halt-yearly report stated that IOU cla es had been tonned. ccident return for the haliyear totalled -1-2.5-+5. Darlington district hayin o dailt \yi th 13,636. Q,-e r 1,500 ne,,- books and had been issued, ,,-hich constituted a record. The cZncession

.:\I:\RcH.-Following on the cour e of first-aid lect"'}\"'1 tl B I ure l'l 111 le ancyoom at :'I1arch by Dr. .£\. C. S. \\ ater an examlIlatJon was held on Tue -da,' la 1 - - )8th -1 ?? '., .cllldlY -. \\ ere put through a cnes of tc ts b\" Dr. H. Groom _ot Some of the cntrant' hmnJ a ot. effiClency, and all ati fied the examiner 1 hrst-ald compdition for a. silYer cup giYen by Capt. \\. :,\1: c., \yas held 111 the Band Room at :'IIarC!l tatlOn on \\ ednesday, January 29th. \\hen the practical test conducted by Dr. Conan Robertson. of London. The Ylya. yoce examination "as carried ont b\' Dr. :'IIcDermott, a tant to Dr. A C. S. \\ -atn'. . The te t \Yere a follo\\":-

Practica.l.-·· A age trom the Temperance Hotel bu runnll1g b.et\\-een :'I1arch and Elm. apploachll1g .the cro \Hrycd 'harply to avoid a comll1g out ot the tatlon yard. The conductor of the ,,-as thrm\"11 hea\-ily t the pilla r outSIde the door ot the Temperance Hotel. Fir t-aiel box i at the The conductor is here suppo'ed to be ill a room 111 l.de the Temperance Hotel. .\ct a you _hould. Timl' 11lTIlt, 10 mll1ute ."

J E cho Tyne Dock (L. R.) A.l11bulancc Team. competing for the' 'Coroner Graham" Shield. at South hicllb. t he Company ,,"cre gTcatly appreciated and increased entr ies in the district competitions are expected. Business dealin o' with forthcomino' competitions, classes, etc., \yas dealt with and atisfaction expressed at t he large increase in the number of members obtained.

By (vurleJ)

The Park Lane, Gatcshead, clas held a smoker at the Hotel on February Sth) ",hen i\Ir. G. il1urray preSided ovcr a largc gathering, supported by :;\Ir. \Y. A. Fleldian, District Superintendent, :'\Ir. C. Corps. Staithes Superintendent, :'IIr. A. H. lIcAllister, }\Ir. J. Lockhart. :'\Ir. Geo Jacksoll -:\Ir. A. "'right. etc. capital turns" were rendered by the Commercial Concert Party, under Mr. i\.. Proudfoot's leadership.

The Cha; r111a1l submitted the toast of The L.N.E.R." to \\' hich 1\1r. Fiddian replied and said that there \\'cre distinct pro pects of i1l1proYement in the reycnue of the Company. :'IIr. -:\IcAllister g'ayc the .. Ambulance Centre," l l)

\I hich ::\Ir. Jackson replied gi\-ing 0111C particulars of the I"l'CelH and the result to t he Centrc. l\fr. Lockhart gaYe the" Visitors and Artisle .," to \\"hich 1\1r. Corps and Ir. Proudfoot replied.

YI\7_ \ "-OCE. - l, \\ "hat is the action of narcotics? 2. Des ribe the sign 'and )"111pt0111S of the nel rcotic poisons a cla ified in the text book together \\ith their name. e\'cnteen me11l ber took part., and the 'I.' \\cre di \-icied into two cla se. a first and econd prize heing (\\\-ardcd in each section, in addition to the cup, \\ hich is for allnlldl competition.

In order to encourage the j ullior members a handicap \\ a arrangeel for them. Thl'Y \\"ere granted 15 pl'r cent. additional to the seniors.

The first prize ill thc seniors ,yas \\ 011 by :'II. Edis. and the second by \Y. C. Cro\\·e.

In the juniors. H. "-ilsoll ,Ya first. and 1'. Clil1 second. The hig he't !lumber of marks" as obtained b,' :.\1. Eck. but m;-ing to 221 111 a rk being- added to those ohtaincd In' II. \\ 'ilsOll. he WClS declared the \\inner of the l'l1P. ,,-hic1; i tll be he(d for one year.

TIle competition was "cry keen. and thc judgl's ,yere kCPl fully occupied for four hours.

Our Nurses' Pages. :-============

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

BUCKPOOL URSrKG Drl'ISIO .-This Division has ao·ain been succes ful at the Annual Competitions held in N"o. -I- District, S.J.A.B., which took place at Blackburn recently. A team consisting of Lady Amb. Officer H. Braithwaite and Amb. Sisters B. Hall, E. Archer, L. vVrio-ht and 1\1. Crmdher carried off the Howard Rose in the first-aid competition, gaining 190 marks out of a possible 191. Last year this trophy was won by Blackpool Division" B " Team.

In the Col. Trimble Shield CompetItlOll the team was a\varded sccond place, thus gaining the Southport Cup.

Altogether, this Division is to be congratulated on its efforts, and must feel that its labours have been rewarded.

EXETER NURSIKG DrvIsION.-Nineteen cadets

attached to this Di\'ision, whose ages ranged from nine to sixteen, were presented with First-Aid Certificates by l\Iayoress, 1\Irs. H. E. Howe, on J anuary SenlOr members of the Diyision were handed the certIficates and medallions they had ,von.

Addressing the audience, the Mayoress remarked that in her opinion it was a wonderful thing that YOU?g o·irIs should be so trained. The l\Iayor also J o111ed WIth her in his praise of the moyement which taught young people such useful subj ects.

GRAYS DIVlsION.-On Saturday, January 18th members of ursing Divisions in the Eastern Area, o. '1. District, of which Grays is one, paid a visit to the School of Anatomy at the London Hospital, where Amb Officer Harris gave one of his interesting and instructive lectures on anatomy. There were between 70 and 80 presenl. Afler lhis a visit was paid to the Hospital 1\luseum, which also proved most interesting. Members had eagerly looked forward to this visit, and it fully came up to expectations.

In proposing a vote of thanks to Mr. Harris, Lady Supt. l\Irs. Harvey expressed the wish that all present \","ould be allowed to come again at a later date.

HORSHAM NURSI J(j DIVISIoN.-Members of the Horsham Nursing Division are very proud of the fact that H.1\1. the King has been pleased to appoint Mrs. Hugh Lancaster an Officer of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of Sl. John of Jerusalem.

This lady has been a most enthusiastic worker in the Division for the past three years. She has been instrumental in raising a large sum of money towards the funds, and it is largely due to her efforts and to those of her husband that the Horsham Division now has a magnificent ambulance of its own . In addition to this, Mrs. Lancaster has endeavoured to interest the members of the Women's Institutes in the neighbourhood in First Aid, and so to gain recruits for the Brigade Altogether, the members feel that the award has been well earned, and are delighted that Mrs. Lancaster has been the recipient of this honour.

VVIMBLEDON AKD 1\IERTON NURSING DIVISloN -The annual general meeting was held on Friday, January 24th,

at the Welcome Hall, Lady Tyrell Giles occupying the chair, supported by Lady Holland, Dr. Eleanor K;elly , l\Irs . Hutcheon, 1\1r. Tyrell Giles, and Mrs. A HardIm an (Lady Diyisional Superintendent and Secretary).

11rs Hardiman submitted an account of the year's work as regards public and duties, duties at the vYimbledon and Richmond HospItals and the Frogm ore Cripple School, and attendances at the Merton and Kennino·ton vVelfare Centres. A statement of accounts was produced showing that the balance in hand was £20 lOs. 6d.

The report and accounts were adopted by the meeh r:g, the Chairman stating that both appeared to be very satI Sfactory . Lady Tyrell Giles then presented the Tyr ell Giles Shield to Amb. Sister Mrs. Thomas, who had won it for the second year in succession.

In her address to the meeting, Dr. Eleanor Kell y appealed for more cadets. At present was only one, and they relied on the cadets to take theIr place 111 the Division when they were old enough, not only to swell the numbers, but also to replace any of the present members who, through urgent home or other had to resio-n her duties in the Division. ot only dId she appeal for bgirls to come forward for for this reas ?n, but also that they might learn first aId and home nurS1l1g and use their knowledge in the home. was amazed, in her professional visits) .at colossal shown by all classes of people 111 gIV111g aId 111 ho me in even simple cases. She asked gIrls to conSIder the benefits accruing from joining such a movement, and to attend the classes and so fit themselves to become worthy citizens.

Dr. Kelly said that they were also in n.eed of more funds. If it were not for Lady Tyrell GIles and her husband she did not know what t.he Division .woyld. do. They had always taken such a keen interest 111 It S111ce its formation

1Irs. Hutcheon endorsed the remarks of the prevlOus speaker, and expressed the hope that. the Division would ohtain more cadets and more subscnbers Refreshments were then served, and a concert follo\\·ecl which was greatly appreciated.

o. 6 DISTRICT NURSING COMPETITIONs.-These held on January 25th at various places, and the followm g results were declared:-

Northumberlancl.-1st, Elswick Works, 193; 2nd, North Shields

Durham.-1st, Durham City, 286; 2nd, Darlingto n, 281; 3rd, South Shields, 238.

The J udo·es were Drs. E. Osselton and E. D. Lan e ( orthumberland), and Dr. K. M. MacDonald and Sist er Lee (Durham)

There was no compehtlOn 111 Yorkshire, as the onl y entry received was from Kingst?n .N ursing who go forward as a bye mto the DIstnct CompetltlOn, to be held in Newcastle on March 22nd.

LEEDS VICTORIA NURSING DIVISION.-Success h as ao·ain rewarded this Division in competitions held durin g 1929 in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and it is at present the holder of five trophies won during the year. The pbotograph reproduced on nex.t page is members of the winning teams in the vanous competltlOns togeth er

February, 19.30.

FIRST

with the Lady Div. Supt., Miss Perkin, and their worthy Divisional Surgeon, Dr. A. Anderson.

This splendid result has been achieved solely through the time and energy expended by the Surgeon and Officers of the Division, and the enthusiasm of the members to atta in such a standard of efficiency The Officers do not train one team only) but have had more than one in all the competitions (except V.A.D. Junior), in which they haye taken part during the year; in some of them as many as three teams have heen entered. Anyone who knows the amount of work and time needed for the successful \\'orking 0 f a Division will understand the amount put in hy these Officers, Leeds Victoria having a membership of 60, 57 being fully equipped with uniform. In addition to a large number of public duties, they run First Aid and Home Nursing Clas es for the Association as well as tra in their members for brigade efficiency. Dr. Anderson has been the Divisional Surgeon since the Division was formed in 191-1- and is still as keen as ever, the large atte ndance of members at all his lectures te tifying to the pleasure and help they giye

The names of the trophies in the photograph, from lefl to right, are:-

A I D. 211

SOil, Lady of Grace of the V enerable Order of the Hospital of St. J oh11 of Jerusalem, and Lady Superintendent of the Daventry ursing Division, attended to give a short talk on the suhject, and on the work of the Order and the Brigade.

-:\ rrs. Atkinson aid that a o-reat many people thought that the work of the Brigade was finished with the close 0'£ the war. In this they were quite 'Hong. In peace tl1ne there was not only a large amount of \York to be done on public duty, attending race meetino·s foothall matches and similar each had to maintain her efficiency so as to be able to render correct treatment when necessary in the h ome and elsewhere, and to be ready to assi t should a national emergency a rJ se. Those IV ho belonged to a ;\ ursing Diyision met for the purpose of receiying in truction and for practice, and were re-examined each year. In 1900 the Brigade had 10,500 members, which - number rose to 65,390 during the war.

Wilson Shielcl.-Two teams entered; re nlt. 1st and 8th (won three times previously).

Ellison Shield.-Three teams entered; result, 1st, 3rd and -I-th (held for the seyenth consecutive year).

Bingham Cup (Seniors).-Two teams entered; re ult, 1st and 3rd (won twice previously).

Norton Cup (J uniors).-One team entered; result. 2nd (won twice previou 1y).

Leeds Corps hield.- Three teams entered; re ult, 1st, 2nd and 3rd (held for the third consecutiyc year).

A NEW NURSING DIVISION OF THE S.J.A.B. TO BE FOR1IED AT BANBURy.-On vVedne day evening, January 22nel, a meeting was held in the Magistrates' Room at the Town Hall, Banbury to discuss the formation of a Tursing Division of lhe S.J.A.B. to work in conjunction with lhe men's Division which has been established and is doing suc h excellent work there. l\Irs. H. E. Courage presided an d Dr. Gardiner IIill and Mr. E. 1<. Cawse (Divisional S urgeon and Divisional Superintendent respectively of the men's Division) were also present. Mrs . St. John Atkin-

After sketching the actlnties of her own ;\ ur ing Diyision, J\J rs. Atkinson went on to explain the connection between the Order, the t. John Ambul ance Brigade, and the St. John Ambulanc e Association. She gave a short account of the history of the Order durin o· the last 800 years. ow that it wa no lon ge r nece ary to fight in defenc e of the Christian Faith, lhe relief of human suffering had hecome th e obj ect of all connected with t. J 01111. At the clo c of lhe add ress, a discussion took place, and there was practically a unanimol.l yote in fa\"our of the formation of a :0l ur ing Diyi ion, a list of names and qualifications of prospectiYe member being taken. The meeting closed with a hearty yote of thanks to 1\11' St. Joh11 Atkinson for her interesting and helpful address, and to 1\lrs Courage for presiding.

OPENING OF THE B.R.c. CLINIC IN REGENT'S PARK.Her l\Iajesty the Queen has graciously promised Lo open the B.R.C.S. new clinic in Regent's Park on February 2.)th. This is the fir t of a chain of im ilar clinics which the Society hopes to e tablish throughout the country. The object is to proyide lreatment for rheumatism--:-a yery \\"idespread complaint which cause much ufferl11g and di ability to indu trial workers, among others, many of whom cannot afford special treatment, nor the loss of working hours which such might entail.

T h e new clinic will have a resident medical officer and a visiting staff of six physicians and surgeons. The industrial worker will be able to receive treatment after workin o· hours under the National Health Insurance Schem;' wbile other men and women suffering from this disease will also be able to attend on payment of a reasonahle fee.

INSPECTIONS BY ILR.IL PRINCESS IVL-\RY.-H.R.H. Princess Mary, Countess of Harewood) has graciously consented to carry out inspections 0 f V A .D. 'S connectcd with the B.R.C.S., of which she is Commanelant- in- C hi cf, at the fo ll owing centres:-

Hatfield, on May 24th

Badminton, on J nne 14th.

V.AD Camp, Osborne, LO.vV., during the period of the Camp, which is from May 26th to June 14th.

OXFORD DETACrDIENTJ B.R.C.S.-The Society has honoured 1\liss Burchardt of Banhury Road, Oxford, by presenting her with an honorary life membership bado·c and certificate in recognition of t he great work sh e has done for the cause in the City and district.

This lady is well known in Oxford, and congratu ations have been sho\vercd upon her by her many friellds. The gateway of the house ,in which she has lived for many years has long been known as "Red C r oss Gatcway," on account of the fact that notices and posters drawing attention to the Society are invariably posted there. Being a corner residencc the advertisement thc Society gains from this must be invaluable.

STAM FORD V.A.D., B.R.C.S.-l\Irs Strong, w i fe of Brig.-Gen. Strong, vcry kindly attended on the night of January 28th in order to present the badges and certificates gained by the members of the detachment. There was a large attendance presided o,'er by the Mayo r , Councillor A F Denning.

In presenting her report, the Commandant, Miss Sandall, stated that the strength of the Detachment was now 28 fully enrolled members

The Countess of Ancaster's Cup, which has now been won outright by Stamford after three successive years' competition against V.AD.'s in South Lincolnshire, together with the new cup given by the COL)ntess, which has been \\ on by this detachment this year, were on view.

DEr\TII OF ;\ GREAT RED CROSS WORKER.-On February 4th thcre was laid to rest in a corner of the ancient Westfield Parish Churchyard, one 'who for a long time had had the Rcel Cross movement and other philanthropic endeavours at hcart- Mrs A. 1\1. Ebden. Representatives of thc B.R.C.S.) the S.].AB., hospitals and o t her charitable organisations were among those who gathered to pay homage to one who had been a friend of al l.

A guard of honour was formed by three wome n 's cl.etachments of the, Society, and when thc funeral proces51011 reached the Church, it was met by members of the Sussex o. 7 Reel Cross Detachment ''' ho acted as beare r s.

Item s (Di \ isional news and social ioterest ing duties, lectUles, etc.), for this page shou ld sent Ambulanc e siSl er, c/o The Editor, AID, 46, Cannon S I. , Lond on, E.C.4.

The fifth annua re-union and dinnerof the R.N. A.S .B.R. (O ld Comrades Association) will be held on March 8th, at the Derby Bury, A ll appIlcations fo r full particulars of the AssoclatLOn an d h e dinner s h oul d be ad dr essed to the Secretary, Mr. J. H. Marshall, 22, Bent-lane Prestw ic k Manchester. "

A I D. February, 1930.

3loints.

The Editor invi tes N ote, on actual Cases - wil h special reference to go d and bad points in Tre atment-fo r inclu sion 1ll this Column.

FIRST Am IN 1\ [EDICAL PRACTICE.

R ece ntl y a doctor who practised in the H cbr id ean Island s rece iy ed an ur ge nt ca ll late at night; an d , after a stormy passage of s ix miles in a yac h t and a lo ng journey over a r o u g h hill road, h e reached his destinat.ion. H e found hi s p at. ie nt in a state' of con1.a and si nkin g fast. Di ag n osing Uraemia (a condition of bloodpoisoning a ri s ing from kid ney di sease), the doctor succeeded, by ca u sing profuse perspiration, in r educing the frequency of the recurring conv ul sions from every quarter to every half hour. He quickly rea li sed, ho\\,e\·cr, that. morc drastic measures were needed if the boy was to live, and informed t. h e p arent s that the on ly hope lay in t.he old-fashione d blood-letting, \x.'hich offered one chance in a hundred of r ecove ry and Illi g- ht even of itself prove fat.al. To his surprise the pare nt s Consen ed to ope ratio n H aving n o surgical inst.ruments with him , the d octor as k ed for a r azor The hou -e had neither razor or pocke tknife; but a pair of ru st.y sc issors used fo r c lean in g- fish w a s foun d. Th ere w as no disinfectant except a sma ll quantity of rum. So after t.reating the sc ssor in spr in g ,Yat er and t h en in rum, the doctor cut into the boy's arm; and aft.er etting out enough blood from the ye in he stmpped hi s arm back to the shoulder to arrcst any further bleedin g . Some two hours later t.he boy recovered consciousness; a nd a fortnight later he took his first wa lk as a conva lescent. -

A. E. S., Ru s hd en

A Message to St. John Ambulance Cadets from the National Safety First Association.

TH E slogan "Safety F irst" is an abbreviation of the oldest railwa y rule :-" The Safety of the Public shall be the Fz"rst consideration of the Staff." In other words Safety of others First. It is, th erefore, b y no means a se lfish or cowardly s lo gan, and the noblest form of Safety First may be illustra ted by the li feboatmen who ri sk their li ves to save others, or by the historic case of th a t gallant ge ntl eman, Captain Oate s

There is no need for the vast majorit y of accidents. Your Ju veni le Manua l contains on pages 95 and 96 a brief reference to the accident pre vent ion propaganda w hich we have issue d, and we particularly invite the St. John Cadets to join in the Safety First Movement and to co-operate in spreading the true principles. Enqu iries to the Head Office at 119, Victoria-street, London,S.W.1, will be welcomed.

Life and limb is at stake.

,A!ill you do you r bit to help prevent the terrible suffering a nd death caused by th ese acciden ts ?

Every yea r in Great Britain, over 10,000 are killed and 1,000,000 injured b y accidents at work, on the street, or in the home.

In street accidents a lone, the average cl3.ily death roll is at present 17; of these 4 are children.

In 1928, 171,000 persons were killed or

February, 1930. FIR S T injured; 22,000 more than in the previous year, 37 ,000 more than in the year before that, and 100,000 more than in the last year before the War. Min isters of the Crown have frequently stated in Public that the majority of accidents can never be eliminated solely by legislative or engineering meas ures, and that education is the sovereign re medy.

The main activity of the National Safety Firs t Ass ociation and its various branches, is the educatio n of the public in commonsense principles, b y means described below.

The first report of the Royal Commission on Tra nsport says :-

A I D. 213

*10 Special road-users' section of the l\ ssociat ion w hi ch und e r the title of the "Road Fellowship Leag·ue," together a ll motorists, cyc li sts and pedest.rians \\ 110 desire Lo uphold t h e co urt es ies of the roau.

* 11. PrO\·ision of a specia lised service to industrial m e mb er fin:1s, infor.mation and assist.ance in setting up safety org-anlsatLOns In works etc., and the holding of COI1ferC:'nces for vent il ation of suhjects allieu t.o accident preventio n in the factories.

* P a r t. icu lars of allv of these can be ohtained on appl icat ion to t h e N. S F. A.

.--.------

fetters to the f;ditor.

We are in no war resp onsible for the opinions or the statements made, by Correspondents. - EDITOR.

"

Thi s is b ei n g ca rri e d out with m a rk ed s u ccess by t.he National Safety First Associat ion , of whose work we cannot speak too highly. In our opinion, the Association s h o uld receive much greate r recognition a nd su pport. "

,A!HAT THE ASSOCIATION Is.

The Association is a voluntary body, whose cam paign is financed solely by voluntary subscriptions, and supervised by national and local committees of voluntary workers. Its Patron is H. R. H. the Duke of York; its President Lord Brentford, and among its Vice Presidents are the Home Sec retar y and the Ministers of Transport, of Health an d of Education. It is supported by all the leading motoring and cycling and other representative orga nisations. Many Chief Constables all over the country are active workers on its behalf.

It is now establishing local centres in all the princi pal districts to reinforce and extend the nati onal cam pai g n.

The work of the Association is approved by the Home Office, the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Education The good results a lread y achieved in keepin g down the inevitable ra te of increase in the number of accidents, have bee n commended in Home Office and Ministry of Tra nsport Reports, as well as in Parliament.

TIm PRI NCIPAL ACTIYITlES OF TIlE ASSOCIATION AND ITS AREA COUNCILS L CLUDE TIlE FOLLOWIN G :-

*1. I ss u e of a free copy of a safe -dri\ ing pamphlet (sett in g out a ll the rul es a nd courtesie of the road) 'w ith each one of the million motor dri v in g lice nc es iss u ed annuall" in Great Britain.

2. Promo t ion of safety teaching, essay com pet it.ion, etc., in sc hool

3. Freedom from acc id e nt. s competition for dri ve rs , a nd ;l\vard of go ld and s ilv e r medal s a nd certifi cates

*

4. D es ign a nd publi ca ti on of po tel's for display in schools, ga r ages, on h oardings, etc. , as well as in fa cto ri es an d work s hop s , illu s trat in g m ea ns of avoiding acc ident s.

')(-

5. Making a nd display of film s and la ntern s lide s .

6. Mainta inin g co ntinuou s propagand a campaign th rou g h th e Press, Bro a d cas t, etc ., as well as through the officia l journal " Safety First."

*7 Preparat ion of book s, pamph lets, l ea fl ets, not es for lecturers and for all classes of ro a d u sers

8 Holdin g of conferences for dis c us s io n of me a ns of acc id e nt. preve ntion.

9. Promotion of Lo ca l S afety First Branches to furth e r t h e objects of the Association, and to de a l with local safety matters, more particularly safety instruction in schools.

ANNeAL RETUR1\'S. DEAR SIR, -

By this time, some of our hard-working Divisional secreta ri es and treasu rers w ill be recoveri ng from the effects of th e overt im e expended on our ne\.v forms B. F.12

I \'iew with regret the gradual lengthcning of the" red tap" of the Brigade. We shall soon find it difficult to decide whethcr the Brigade is an organisation for the encouragement for book-keeping and accountancy, or a body whose pr mary object is the rendering of First .\id.

There is little doubt that the i s sue of these forms has raised a storm of protest from those \yho have had to suffer thereby. It is most absurd that e, ery donation of "tuppence" and each p;;tcket of envelopes purchased must be entered in detail in this form How many Di\ i ions possess G O\·ernment Stock, freehold property, etc., ;;tnd pay rates, taxes an d telephone rent?

If the Brigade officials want any furt.her amendments to this c umb ersome form, I suggest they include on the " payments" side: "By Secretary's and Treasurer's sa laries (not exceed ing £1,000 p a.) and clerical assistance . " - Your faithfully, ONE VICTIM. PROMOTION.

D EAR Sm,-

I have read with interest the correspondence which has ;;tppeared in the columns of FIRST AID regarding Promotion in Brigade.

vV e ll , s ir while agreeing there is much that might be different, and ollght to be different, in this direction, I feel that al l those who complain about this sort of thing ha,·c forgotten (at l east for the time being) that it is not the number of str ipe s, etc., thaL we join the Brigade, but. rather to be of some u se to ollr fe ll owmen in time of sudden illness 01 acc ident.

I would lik e to say here to " K.C. (Northern Counties)" a nd " Disg u sted Pri\,;;tte" carryon and be all out for effic iency, that quiet efnciency which, to my mind, is fal more to be desired than all the promotion or honours the Bri gad e can offer. Let 1I remember that through thi quiet effic ien c" we s h all be better and more fully prepared for any emergeri'cy that we may rub against, and in this ,yay we will, in so m e small measure, earn the respect and regard of ollr fellow men·

I a m pleased to see that "K C (Northern Counties)" intend s to carryon I admire him, and a ll honour to him; st ck i t, lad, carryon and don't let promotion, etc., worry yo u.

Now, Mr. Edit.or, if I am taking up too much of your ,"a luabl e s pace ",ith this I humbly apologi e. I also ask you t.o accept m y s in cere thanks for all the help FIRST AID ha o- iv e n me, a nd a lso Dr. Corbet Fletcher, and I am ure all Fir st-Aid ers will be pleased to see his name in the list of honours, ;;t honour lon g ove l-due.- Y o llrs respectfully.

W. WOOLi\lER, Kettering Diy. S.J.A.B.

Queries and j\nswers to eor respondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules ;-

1. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID 46 , Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4.

2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cu from the current issue of the J(lurnal, or, in case of Queries fr om abroad, from a recent issue.

3.- The Textbook, to which refeJence may be made in .these is the 38th (1928) Edition of S.J. A. A. Manual of Fmt Ald .

FOREIGN BODY IN TIl ROAT.

H.P. (Shoreditch).-Recently I wa sUI?111l0ned to a neighbour who was said to .be dyll1g. arn"al I found that patient was an Epdeptlc who hael Just had a seizure and that his top and bottom artificial dentures had jambeel in hi throat and ""ere causing him to be a sphyxiated.

i found also that the patient's ,,·ife had already removed the lower denture, and that, while struggling without su ccess wilh the upper denture, she had caused laceration of the mouth which was bleeding in places

In my turn I found extre me difficulty in dislodging th is denture until at last I de cided to try to replace It In position' and then remove it. After several minutes I succeeded in doing this just as the motor ambulance for which I had telephoned arri\ ed. I am glad to say that patient made a good recO\ ery in hospital.

Thinking about the case, I turned to ITly but could find no instructions about the removal of artIficial dentur es from the throat: and I decided that if ever I had to treat anoth e r such case I would adopt the same course. I welcome your comments.

Thanks for details of your interesting experience, and congratulations on your successful handling of a difficu!t case You are a little seyere on the Textbook because It does not achieve the impossibl e by gi\'ing detail ed instructions concerning the handling of all emergencies. At any rate vou did carry out its instruction when you npplied your " and" resourcefuln ess ." Personal experience makes me commend your propos ed rlrtn of action. - N. CORRET FLETCIIER.

EXAJ\,II:-1ATrON HOWLER.

R. VV. (Glamorgan).-Here is my contribution for your apparently never-ending' series of Howler. During a recent examination a member was asked how to treat a Simple Fracture of Collarbone. He rattled off his treatment merrily, but sent us into roars of laughter when he said: I wouid place in armpit a pad tile si:::e 0/ a Billia?,d Hall. " He was treating some giant!

Good! Next, please! !- N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF FRACTURED TIIIGIT.

G. L. (Swansea). - Does bandage A in Fig. 40 of Textbook indicate extension? If so, would you advise simply tying both ankles together as correct treatment of a Compound Fracture of Thigh with fragments protruding and with fragments not protruding.

The Textbook (p. 57) allows you to attempt extension with a Compound Fracture of the Thigh provided that fragments do not protrude. Sl,.lch extension (no easy

I D. Februa r y, 1930.

matter with a conscious patient) is obtained by pulling all the foot; and bandage A o nl y sen'es to fix the foot.

If, after extf'nsion has been applied, the foot of the fractured limb cannot be brought into line with that of the unbroken you may have to content yourself with tyingankle to ank le and foot Tying the ank les together will not gi\'e as firm a hold as when one or both feet are embrac ed by the controll ing figure - of-eight bandage.- l C. F.

TREAnm T OF FRACTURED FOREARM.

G. S. (Swansea). - Wou ld you consider the following treatment quite satisfactory? A man sustall1ed Compound Fracture of Radius and Ulna in middle of sh a ft with fragments protruding to back of. forearm.

After treatment of wound, I apphed one pl1l1t onl y to front of forearm and supported the limb with large arm sling. I om.itted the splint to back of forearm because I feared that pressure 011. the protrudingfragments wou ld cause aggravation of the origi na l injury

We awa it your helpful replies to our queries w it h much interest.

vVhat did your patient say? His deci ion controls the situation. If he was quite cornfortable, all well and go od. If he was not, you could have padded the splint for back of forearm with a thick layer of cotton-wool and then ask ed patient if the two splints gaye more ease. I uspecL th at they would.

Your "front and back" of forearm are ll1terestll1g in vie"v of reply headed" Position of Body," and published i n January issue of FIRST AID.-N.C.F.

HJEMORRIIAGE FROM EAR CIIA ' NEL.

A. VV (Sheffield).-Does the treatm.ent set out on p. 11 7 of Textbook under '( Hcemorrhage from Ear Channe l " apply also to bleeding from ear which may occur \\'ith Fractured Base of Skull. Please advise.

Yes.-l .C.F.

SIGNS OF DISLOCATION.

A W. (Sheffield).-The Textbook (p. 82) teaches us that .th e signs of Dislocation include fixily of joint and swellin g of joint.

I was at a lecture recently and wa told that th ere was practically 11.0 swelling with a dislocated joi,:t an d that, if the elbow was dislocated, it would be pOSSIbl e to bend it across the body.

If these statements are true, we would appear to have two signs of dislocation too many!! I woul d , therefo r e, be grateful for your ruling

If a joint is dislocated, there must be a more or less severe degree of swelling of the joint. The d oes not specify the degree of swelling; and your lecturer dld not deny the presence of swelling with dislocation.

If the elbow is dislocated, it might be pOSSible to pl ace the dislocated limb across the body; but this is a totall y different propos ition to "bending- the joint." The Textbook tells you that with dis l ocation of elbow there is a loss of t he normal power to flex and extend the forearm.

So on both points you have m isunde r stood your lecture r who did not d eny that fixilY an d swell i ng are important sign s of Dislocation of a joint.-N.C.F

ASPHYXIA WITrr FRACTURE OF RIBS.

H.S (Brighouse).-Please inform me what is the method of artific ia l respiration to be used for Asphy XIa with Fract u red Ribs. Schafer a nd S i lvester are likel y to do harnl to the Fractured Ri bs; an d sipce Laborde

Febr u a r y, 19 30 F IR S T does not no\v figure in the Textbook, I am at a complete loss to know what is the correct method.

You set an old problem which cannot be answered dogmatically because its so l ution depends on the site and variety of the fracture of ribs. Silvester is definitely excluded because of the pull on the ribs; and of course you realise that the diagnosis of fractured ribs with an unconscious patient is most difficult.

If, therefore, you had to treat such a combinatiul1 you are driven to adopt the Prone Pressure tlethod which now figures in the Textbook, and which you would modify in accordance with the special circumstances of the case, on the assumption that thE' establishment of breathing is more important than undue care for the possible ri k of aggravating th e fractured ribs.-N.C F

PRUSS[C ACID AS NARCOTIC.

B. W. (Ottawa, Canada).-I always enjoy your answers and comments I wonder, lherefore, how you would explain the fact that in the Textbook Prussic Acid is classed among the Narcotics. I have asked many medical men, including our Director General; but they frankly told me they did not know.

The poisons m.ay be classified in several different way_ ; but objection may be raised to each! Since" narcotics " are " substances which produce abnormally deep sleep," and s ince Prussic Acid causes deep insensibility and coma-well, what's in a name?

One \vay out of the difficulty in following the classification of poisons adopted by the Textbook is to regard the t erm" narcotic" only as a qualifying adjective, applicable all three classes of arcotic named on p. 171. Then we re cognise Narcotic-Soporifics, N arcotic-Deliriants, and Na rcotic-Convulsants. By this means we have less need to r eg ret the passing of "Convulsants" as a separate class of poi son.-l .c. F.

TRANSPORT OF FRACTURED PELVIS.

J. A. (Trowbridge).-As an instructor in first aid of many years standing I seek your advice on the following point explanation of which I shall greatly appreciate.

The Revised Textbook does not give any special instructions about transport of patient suffering from Fracture of Peh is. Are we right in removing as for Fractured Spine as was laid down in previous editions of the Textbook or should we carry patient 'without any such preparation? As the competitions will soon be starting, I shall welcome your ruling.

No special steps are now required for removal of patient suffering from Fracture of Pelvis other than bandaging both knees and ankles together and supporting the pelvis by a broad bandage round the hips. The details which figure for tr eatm.ent of Fractured Spine do not now apply for Fractured Pelvis.-N C.F.

RANK IN BRIGADE.

J.B. (Mansfield).-I joined the Brigade in 1910 and served in the R.A.M.C. for practically 5 years during the European War, rising to the rank of Sergeant. Upon demobilisation I rejoined the Brigade and was promoted SerO'eant 011. account of my Army rank. After the strike of 1921 I was away from my Divi ion for several years, after which I joined up aga n. My have not restored me to the rank of Sergeant, to whIch I consider myself entitled. Please tell me if their decision is correct.

The decision is in full accord with Brigade Regulations. Having been absent from the Division "for severa l years" after 1921 you forfeited the rank of Sergeant and could only rejoin the Brigade as a Private.-N.C.F.

ApPLlCATIO OF FLEXTO FOR HAi:MORRHAGE.

D O. (Chwilog).-The Textbook does not recommend flexion of knee for control of Popl iteal Artery or of elbow for control of Brachial Artery except as temporary measure in urgent necessity. In face of this fact, I suggest that flexion of the knee migllt still prove useful in the treatment of patient suffering from arterial bleeding from the foot due to a bullet whilst. the boot wa being removed. Do you agree?

The Textbook now regards with disfavour all forms of flexion for control of main arteries. The official reply, therefore, is that under the circumstances named you should apply digital pressure on Anterior and Posterior Tibial Arteries wh ile boot "vas being rernoved-at any rate in the Competition Room! !

Practical experiencE', however, suggests that you \\' ould do no such thing and that you would rather \"hip off patient's boot at top speed! !- C. F.

FRACTURE WITIlOUT Loss OF POWER.

A. 1\1. (Walton-on-Naze).-Herewith I send a report of a case, and as an old pupil of yours I am prepared to receive a severe reprimand.

A few weeks ago 1 was called to a man \vho had been caught by machinery in the top room of a large laboratory, and who was lying nearby holding bits of clothing over himself, He wa bleeding from left temporal region and from right side of neck but was skinned pretty extensi, ely in many parts.

I dressed his wounds and sent for blankets in which I wrapped patient. He said that he had no aches or pains elsewhere, and that he was well able to walk to the ambulance which was to take him to hospital.

Accordingly he \\ alked down 15 steps and then traversed a distance of 200 yards. I wa behind him and especially noticed his walk, for I noticed a small cut of the right ankle which I had overlooked.

Under these circumstances, you may imagine my surprise when I learned next day that the hospital authorities had kept my patient in because he had a Fracture of Left Tibia at the ankle!

iany thanks or your report, the interest of which and the frank confession which accompanies it compel me to omit the anticipated reprimand. 1\1)' only comment is that truth is stranger than fiction while practical experience teaches us more than textbooks. - T C. F. ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

C. H. (Chesterfield).-I notice that for illustration of Schafer's Method figures 64 and 65 of the Textbook sho:" the hands well up in middle of back, although thiS POSItion puts a much greater strain on the hands of the operator. In previous editions of the Textbook the hands were placed considerably lower down with the fingers pointing outwards.

Please tell us which method is correct. Per onall), I consider that the old method served us well for many years, and I question what advantage, if an)" is derived from this alteration of position of hands.

The only real alteration in the instructions for conduct of artificial respiration i that the hands are placed "upon the lower ribs" instead of upon the loin. vVhen we conSIder what small space the loins acluallyoccupy! we :ealise that under the old instructions pressure \vas, 111 pOint of. made upon the lo\ver ribs. Consequently this alterat:on IS more theoretical than practical, although the shghtly raised position of the hands is claimed to afford a more effective compression of the chest wall.

You should note that this method is only "a modification of Schafer" and that a new name is neces ary. Elsewhere, I have called it " Prone Pressure Method. "-N. C. F.

The Ho s p it als and Soci a l Service

CreELY NORTHCOTE TRU T.

THE social service department at St. Thomas's Hospital, founded in memory of his sister, by the late Mr. H. S. I\orthcote, publishes its twentieth report this yeal-.

The Fathers' and Mothers' Club, which provides classes on all kinds of home-making for mothers - while their children are tended for them in another room -a nd debates and social evenings for fathers after working hours, is as popular as ever with the parents \"ho own it, but is sadly in need of money to enlarge its space.

Nearly 9,000 patients have been visited in the wards by Northcote Trust workers, who try to establish what the Americans call a " 100 per cen t. contact," so as to smooth the path for them from the warm shelter of the wards to the stark real ities of 1ife at home.

\Vhere necessan ' , the ward visits are followed up by home visits, and any kind of assistance is gi ven 1 varyi ng from the provision of an am bulance to all arrangements for convalescent treatment and the care of the family while the patient is away.

The Northeote Trust almoner is responsible for arranging the supply of insulin to diabelics who have been discharged from hospital. She has to decide whether it can be obtained through a panel doctor or throu g h hospital at a reduced price, or, if not, how the patient can meet the demand on his purse.

A nother group of patients over \vhom the Trust watches with especial care are the cancer cases. All patients discharged with cancer are visited at regular intervals to make sure that they are not in want, and that they have the necessary dressings, diet, and nursing comforts. During last year, for instance, four wheeled-chairs were given to cancer patients, over 1,200 of whom were watched.

The Northcote Trust Hostel admits unmarried mothers and pregnant girls who need treatment, and tries to give mother and baby as good a start in life as possible.

Thanks largely to the influence of America, social service has come to be recognised as one of the most important aspects of a hospital's work. The pioneer efforts of the Cicely Northcote Trust have been appropriately this year by a request from Australia for a visit from the head worker, Miss Macintyre, to inaugurate a centre of work and training at the Melbourne Hospital. We hope it will not be long before every hospital in this country considers itself inadequately equipped unless it has a social service as efficient and as devoted as that at St. Thomas's Hospital.Lancet.

.Ambulance J\C ews euttings fr om the Slress.

The Editor invites Reade,s to send newspaper cuttings on matter of general interest for inclusion in this column

GAS PENDANT DEATIIS.

At an inquest on Henry Gard, aged 71, and Mrs. Lucy Kendrick, 6-l-, who were found gassed in their home rece ntl);, it was stated that on the previous Saturday Mrs Kend rick took up a position as housekeeper. As some of her goods were being carried into the house a gas pendant in the ha ll was struck.

It was thought that no damage h a d been done, but a slit had been made in the pendant, through which gas escaped at the r ate of 35 c ubic teet per hour It \nts thought that 1\1rs. Kendrick was hrst o\'ercome and that Mr. Gard fell unconscious "vh en going to h e r aid. They had be e n dead f\1r 24 hours when dis cO\·e red. lV/ail.

FIRS r ,-\Il) FOI{ SNAKE BITE.

R et urning from school, Ronnie Taskis, of Mullengrtn ura, aged 10, put his hand in a burrow in sea r c h of a rabbit and was bitten on the finger by a snake. His (wo broth er , Douglas, clg'e d 13, and Laurie, aged 11, took the lace s from their and tied ligatures about the wrist and ell1\)\\·. Not ha\ 'ing a knifc, they Llsed sworcl grass to scarif) the wound.

Both boys had sore lip s, and w ere unable to suck out the poison, so they went to a ncarby creek, and got leeches which they put on the bite. They then told their father, who brought his so n into Albury for attention. Hi s condition is no\\' satisfactory. -lVorning H era ld, Sydne)' ( •\ T. S. TV)

TRK\TI\JENT OF BURNS AND S CALDS

Th e article in the of Nove,nber 2nd on the Tanni c Acid treatment of burns prompts me to record my experience with an older m e thocl, which 1 ha\ 'e u sed for years, without failure, in one "ery youn£; child, who died from s hock \.vithin a few hour s The patients are quite comfortable from the hrst, and do not appear to s urfer from an y consti t u tional disturbanc e.

The treatment is simply ca rron oil-that i , lime water and linseed oil, of each equal parts -to every ouncc of which 1 /2 drachm of t r. opii is added. Strips of lint or old linen are soaked in this and applied to the affected parts. This sto ps the pain at once, and it is wonderful l10w little sepsi or sloughing occurs. If a part later on becomes septic or hows signs of sloughing, 1 bathe this part with bori c acid lotion and apply boric ointment. If deep sloughing occurs st ill later I s hould treat with warm (not hot) boric fom entations.

About a year ago two cases occurred within qui te a hort time of each other, in the sa me district. In each case the extent of surface involved and the degree:: of severity were about the same. One patient I treated in the way I have just outlined, and with T)ery liltle discomfort; she 'made a complete recovery. The other case I sent to hospita 011 account of « fussy" parents. I believe she was treat e d from the beginning with antisept cs, and I was to ld she suffered intensely before her dcath a few days later. - M. V.T. (Warwicksl1 ire). - Britislz jifedical Journal.

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Red Cross Branch News.

BATTERSEA.-The annual general meeting of Battersea Red Cross workers was held at the Town Hall on Tuesday, January 21st. There was a large attendance. YicePresident A. H. R. Southam, ::"f.B.E. (divisional Chairman) presided, and among others present were vicePresident ::"lajor Allan Swallow, M.B. (principal medical officer), Diy. Treas. H D Clare, Div. Sec. Philip Chambers, Commandants ::"1rs. C. E. Peach and 1\lrs. Sanderson

The annual report was a fine record of work for the year. Kursing member Mrs . Haines assisted in the X-Ray department of St. George's Hospital for four months, during the holiday period, and the canteen in the outpatients' department at St. George's Hospital has been staffed on Friday afternoons. Miss Ansorge was selected to take charge of one of the dispensaries for hop-pickers in Kent, where oyer six hundred cases required attention. At the rest camp formed in Earls Court Exhibition for Overseas scouts attending the Jamboree, the Battersea Division took a large part in staffing the hospital and nrst-aid post, finding the officer in charge, the assistant officer, the consulting medical officer, two men members for night duty, and eleyen nursing members for day duty. 1, 108 cases were treated. At places of entertainment in the borough the men put in 417 attendances on duty, and the women 307; 133 cases were treated, eleven being very serious. All drugs and dressings were provided by the division.

The financial statement showed that the funds are m a satisfactory condition.

CAMBRIDGESHIRE A)'''D ISLE OF ELY BRA.J.'l'cH.-An appeal on behalf of Addenbrooke's Hospital for blood transfusion volunteers was made at the quarterly meeting of the Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely Branch of the British Red Cross Society held on January 24th.

Maj .-Gen. H. Hendley (county controller) refer r ed to a letter in which Dr. Walford, of Addenbrooke's, emphasised the increasing difficulty of securing an adequate blood transfusion service for the Hospital.

In the absence of Mrs. Adeane (President), who was stated to be unwell, Lieut.-Col. B. W. Beales (vice-President) was in the chair.

At the invitation of the County Direc to r, those present stood in silence in memory of Mr. Alfred Hoare, one of the pioneers of Red Cross Work in the county

The County Director read the financial statemen t presented to the Executive Committee on January 20th

The ambulance report stated that during the quarter 31st, 1929, the two ambulances conveyed .)4 .patlents and travelled 1,964 miles in all; the cost of mamtenance was £71 Os. Sd., repairs £12 9s and re ceipts from patients £7S 15s.

The County Director remarked that the Red Cross Society seemed to have as much ambulance work to do although other similar services were in operation cou.1d take credit, however, for being the pioneers, because theIrs was the first motor ambulance in Cambridge. Now they also had ambulances at Ely, March, Wisbech and Soham .

NORWICH.-The annual dinner of "Detachment 3 1 " was held at the Curat House on Tuesday, J an u a r y 2 1st. Mr. R. G. Bushell (Commandant) was in the chai r , sup-

ported by Messrs E. Mann, J. 11. Co r k, H. J. Howard, H \tV. Smith, and others.

Afte r an excellent repast and a toast to "The King ," ::"1r. J. 1\1. Cork proposed the toast" Detachment 31," and conveyed the wishes of officers and members of " Detachment 29" for a jolly even ing and success in the futur e.

In reply, Mr. Bushell b r iefly sketched the actiyiti es of "Detachment 31" since formation in 1913, and \\'as pleased to say that although the detachment became practically decadent after the war, they had now revived and were making themseh'es heard in the various annu al competitions

Mr. E. Mann (hon Commandant) welcomed the visitors He regretted that owing to pressure of busin ess he was prevented from being actively engaged in the wor k

By courtesy] [Grantham lournal Grantham (L incoln 11), B. R. C. T eam, winners of the County Directors' Cup

of the detachment, but hoped he woul d continue a member of the detachment and be of assistance.

Mess r s Howard (Detachment 3 5) and Hurley sui tably replied

An excellent musical programme was provided.

After votes of thanks to the artists and to Messrs F. J Grummett and T F. T u rner for the excellent arrangements made, a very enjoyable eveni n g concluded with" Auld Lang Syne."

SLEAFORD.-The first r ou n d for the Stanl ey Shield

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:,'as held on .Saturday, January 25th. Tests were gi\'en m oral, and individual work and the percentage of marks gamed was yery high.

The re.suIt of t he women's competition was:-

1st, LInco}n 10 (Stamford), 861; 2nd Lincoln 38 (S leaford), 82.)1: 3rd, Lincoln 2 (Boston) 7301. Stamf? rd thus uccessful in again winning the President' CyP by Lady Ancaster). This makes the Stamford \ .A.D. s fourth succe si:'e victory-a previous cup, giYen by Lady Ancasler, haymg been \yon outright in 1928. afte r three successi\'e uccesses.

The men's results were:-

1st, Lincoln 11 (Grantham), 799; 2nd, Lincoln 29 ( Ponton), 762; 3rd, Lincoln 27 (Gasberton), 651. Grantham were, therefore, successful in o-ainin o the Coun ty Director's Cup (given by Mr. A. D. Y;uno-h usband). b

At the. close of the competition tea was provided for the competltors, followed by the d ec laration of the winners and the points. The County Director conoTatulated a ll. the teams on their fine display, and asked D:me Beryl Oliver, from the Society's Headquarters, to present the cups.

The North Lincoln hire Branch of the Red Cross Society are to use five new motor-ambulances, making nine 111 the area.

3' E

The Nur ing Competitions for the Bradford Hospita l and Convalescent Fund will be held at Li ter Park on J u ly 19th.

T O FIRST AID SECRETARIES. -Plea e note Parkhill Colliery Ambulance Competition for the Challenge Cup will be held in the Grow School, Stanley, near ' , Yakefield, on Saturday, June 21 t, 1930. \Taluab'le 1st, 2nd an d 3rd prize ,,,ill be given. Hon. ecretary, '\'m. Blackburn, c, a The Victoria Coal and Coke Co., Ltd., outhgate House, 'Yakefield.

WOMBWE L L Annual Ambulanc e Competition will be h eld on J un e 28t h, in th e King's Road Schools, W?mbw e ll , when th e "Elliott" Memorial Cup, valued 60 g Ui n ea s, wi ll be com pe t ed for. A Cup will also be given for the be st Ind ividu a l. Valuabl e prizes will be giv en for th e best ind ivi dual Te sts All applica t io ns and E n try Forms may be h a d from the Se cre ta ry, M r G Aske w, 100, H ough Lane, W omb well , ne a r Barnsl e y.

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6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and Abdom en (B). 8. Viscera of th e Chest and Abdome n (C). 9· Viscera of the Ch est a nd Abdomen (D).

10. The Nervous System. II. Schematic diagram of Circulati on

12. The Human Ear. 13 The Human Eye. 14. Median Section through Ski n IS. Median Section throngh Head.

LIFE SIZE MANIKINS.

Male o r Female. 638. net each. Carriage, 2S

8y J M. CAI{VBLL. M.a{.C.8.t:l n a· FIRST AID IN FEW WORDS. (I60th thouS1!ondl With Coloured Diagrams. I2pp. Cl ota, 6d. Strong paper. 2d. Post Id HOME NURIUNB IN FEW WORDS. (36th thousand ). With useful reference tables. 14 pp. Strong paper. 2c1. Post rd. BANDAGINC DIABRAIliS. 12 PP.-7 2 bandaging diagrams, with notes. Strong paper, 2d. Post rd. HEALTH IN FEW WORDB. By Sir I{, H. FII{TH. D.P .t1 F. R C S. 20th Thousand. P aper folder 3 in. and 4 in. P ost free 3d. net

8y HOW ARD M. PI{ESTOr.. D,mollstra fo r to Ih, Polyt"",,ic THE TRIANGULAR BAJII DAilE: Price Is. net; postage, lid Its Application Accurately Described by Words and lIO Diagrams THE ROLLER BAJII DAilE. Price IS. net; postage, lid. lis Application Accurately Described by Words and 102 DiagTams.

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIABRA.S. 13 (I to lund 14)on Roll er Post free, 31. 9d. net. No. r3 (separately) Male

ie\y -

Pages

;\e\\'s CuLting from the Press

.-\mbulance en ice

of Exhau - t Ga--L's QUERIES Al'<D _-'\l'<S\\'ERS TO

port of Fractured Ribs and Peh-i

Ho\\"ler Fractures of Femur and Patella Compound, Complicated Fracture of Thigh Humours of First _-\id Calcium Carbide Poisoning Fractures In\"L1!\'ing Elbo\\" J oint Treatment of Feet

Fracture of Patella Treatment of Fro Bite

of Fractured Peh i"

l1f (\11Ial'

SLlreh- such an important competition wa \\-orthy of a better etting? Ho\\- much more helpful it would ha, -e been to the competitors, if good staging effect had been utilised, and how much more quickly ,,-ould they ha,-e been able to get down to their 'York.

The finals of the St. John _-1..m bulance Brigade, Raih\ -ay , etc . , haye, a a rule, good tao-ing effects \yhich not only help the competitor but maintain the interest of onlookers a ,,-ell.

It should be the endeayour of tho e in charge of com petltlOns to make the urrounding as realistic as possible and not lea ye too much to the imagination of the competitor at a time ,,;hen they should be de\'oting their attention to the injured person_

The faking of injuries has been brought to a fine art and it ,,-ill urely be a t p in the right direction if attenti n 1 no"- transferred to the staging effects, thu producinG" a more reali tic e,-ent.

OW IXG to the Ea ter Holiday3' :\ OTE - our April issue ,, -ill be going tl.pre s somewhat earlier than usual. ,\"Ye shall therefore be plea ed if our contributors will send their reports to r acb us not later than April 10th .

Street Accidents in Metropolitan Police Area, 1929.

A RAY OF HOPE FOR LO:-\DO;,\.

THE number of fatalities in street accidents recently pu blished by the Police as having occurred in their area in 1929 show that more persons were killed and injured, and more accidents to persons and property occurred, than in any previous year, but, in spite of this fact,. an analysis of the figures with those of prevIOus years sho "\\'s that the percentage increase ,yas considerably less.

Taking the last fi, -e years the total figures and their percentage increase:; compare as follows :-

A I D. i\ I a rch, 193 0.

which thus passed into the arteries in half an hour ,\ as more than the quantity conta i ned in the \"h ole bod,-, so that of necessity there must be a circular of the blood, tha-t ,vhich l eft the hear t b ,the left yentricle and arteries being return ed through the , eins to the right \ entricle . H ow sim pIe such an explanation seems nO\, - !

But in Han'er's day e,-en the simplest a natomical observations were made under great di fficu l ties owing to lack of instruments, and he " 'as never able to com p l ete his discovery by showi ng how the blood in the extremities passed [rom arteries to yeins by the fine capillary sy tern because he had no lens fine enough to observe t his action.

Han ey's life * is interesting as throwing li ght on how a scientist worked three hundred ye ars ago: besides there is the natural in terest one-fe els in the life of a great disco, -erer. He "was b orn during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and, a s a hor, at Folkeslone, he watched the preparation of a small fleet ,,-hich was going out to meet t he mighty Spanish Armada. At 18, he went to Cai us College, Cambridge, perhaps because Dr. Cai us, the founder, was known for his love of anatom Y, and the College possessed a Charter by "which t he l\1asler and Fellows were all owed to take ann ual h' for dissection the bodies of two crim inals COI;demned to death and executed in Cambridge.

19 30 FIRS T

that of L Ulll leian lecturer in the College of Phys icial1s, ane.! from 1639 that or Senior Physician in O rdinary to the King

After the publication of his famous essay in 1618, he was heard to say thaL " he fell mightily in his practice," and in old age he "Tote to a former pupil : "i\I uch better is it oftentimes to gro\\- ,,-ise at home and in private, than by publishing what you haye amassed with infinite labour to stir Lip tempests that may rob you of peace and quiet, for the rest of your days," a remark ,,,hich throws light on the attitude of some at least of his brother phys icians towards his ,,-ork.

As Court Ph, sician, Han e\ be arne intimate ,,-ith Charles I, to he often showed anatomical s pecimens, and his biographer gi"es an amusing picture of the two of them watching the heart beats of a young man who had a hole in his side, left by an ulcer, a portion of the heart being exposed, and whom Han'ey eagerly showed to his Royal Patron a s a liying demonstration of his theory.

Fir s t - Aid in Electri c al Ac cidents.

1T can not be Loo ,\-idel), kno\\n that electric shock hardly eyer causes death outright. Dr. D. Pometta, principal medical officer of the s Accident Insurance Institute, has recently gi, en a u eful resume of the , arious methods of treatment which ,yill probably save the \-ictim's life if applied and patiently.

Such mea ures hould be as familiar as the first - aid treatment of the common forms of poisoning, and the practitioner li\-ing in a district ,,-here accidents of this kind are particularly likely to happen will do well to haye his apparatus packed in a pecial case ready to take up at a moment's notice. He should put aside all other work to ans"-er the call of an electrical accident immediately, and should be prepared to stay by the patient for se,-eral hours

Pi o n e ers of Medi c ine . WILLIAM HARVEY-(1578-1657),

"I PROFESS both to learn and to teach anatomy not from books but from dissections, not from the positions of philosophers but from the fabric of nature. "

These words, from the preface of Harvey's chief work, his "Anatomical Treatise on the Movement of the Heart and Blood in Animals," show how close he was to the experimental sc ientists of to-day, and how far removed from the majority of physicians of his own day, who based their teaching on tradition rather than on observation. Haryey made his great discovery of the circulation o[ the hlood b y observing the amount of blood which was pumped into the arteries by the heart's action and by calculating that the quant ity

On leaving Cambridge, he travelled throu gh France, Germany and Italy, studying science a n d medicine, and finally attached himself to Pad ua University, which was specially renowned for its anatomical school, owing to the work of VesaIiu s, sometimes called "the first modern anatomist. " During a medical session at the University (fro m St. Luke's Day to the Feast of the Assumption ), the whole human body was twice dissected i n public . The greater parl of the ,,-ork was don e from 6 to 8 in the morning, the lectures bein g given in a small panelled theatre by candle-light. One of Harvey's teachers and friends in Padu a was Fabricius, who was studying the use of th e valves in the veins, and his English pupil ma y have acquired from him a special interest in th e heart and blood vessels.

HarveyleftPaduawilh a brilliant recommend ation as a "Doctor of Physic," and on his retu rn (in 1602) was granted the degree of D by Cambridge University. His su bseq uent career ,,, as successfu l both medically and socia ll y, and thoug h he did not escape the rid icu l e a l most alway s showered on those who have the temerity to pu t forward a new idea, he lived to see his discover y accepted and taught by most of the med ical school s of Europe . In add ition to the appo intment of Pysician to St. Bart h o l omew's Hosp ita l , he hel d

* Sec vVillialll JI an C'Y, 11)' d'. \ r()" PO\\ cr, 1)-;<)5, LOlld oll, T. Fi"hC'r C 1l\\'ill, p. 2gJ.

Besides his work on the heart, Han ey pub l ished "Exercises on the generation of a nimals," and' 'Treatises on Deyelopment," which are monuments to his powers of obseryation and s kill as an anatomist. Before he died in 1657, at t he age of 79, he presented a library to the Coll.ege of Physicians, paying for the building and furl11shing it with books, but this building has since been destroyed

Harvey seems to have been a man of considera ble persOl{al charm, ,,-ith a wide general education and o-entle in character. He refused to score off b his enemies and was always tolerant of others' mistakes, and modest about his own great achievements His work was a tremendous step forward in medicine, for before his time the most yaried beliefs were current about the action of the heart. His life holds two valuable lessons for the medical student: Never to accept unquestioningly what others ha,'e taught before, and never to neglect the study of the" fabric of nature. " - League of Red Cross Soet'ett'es.

The members of the Ke s wick , L.:\I. &. _ RaihnlY ,\mbu1al1ce Class held their first al1nLlal dinn er on Tuc sday, Fehruary 25th

3' c:

One C'\'C'lling', while walking along a clark road, t.,, o girls \\'ho were studying "first aid" a I.nan 1Yll1g' face dO\\,11\\,<1rds on th e pa\'cmcnt, "Tithing 111 agony, they thought. Both ,,,ent to tI-:c man. Onc caught ho ld of his feet and the o!her tned for an arm, but a ,"aiel' exclaimed: " \\ ' llat's up, mi ss us? l'lll only turning the water orf !"

The "DECORATORS' « PAINTERS' MAGAZ t NE. " (8d. monthly) is 1 HE trade paper for all interesteciPublishing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C ..

As soon as the , -ictim has been removed from the danger zone, his mouth should be freed from dirt and any other obstacle to respiration, such as artificial teeth, and clothing should be remo, ' ed from the upper part of the body, preferably cut off to save time.

He should be kept \varm with blankets and hot - water bottles or heated bricks, bUL zealous assistants must be ,yarned of the danger of causing burns. The face and chest may be splashed ,yith ,, -ater, the limbs and cardiac region may be massaged, and cardiac and stirn ulan ts such as lobeline may be giyen sUJcutaneously; but none of these secondary requirements must delay or interrupt artificial respiration-the e sential treatment-for more than a few seconds.

\Vhile pointing out that prompt and correct application is more important than the choice of any special form of artificial respiration, P?m.etta preyers the Silvester method. Here he IS In a minority for most authorities agree ,, -ith Prof. S. Jellinel; in recommending Schafer's.

He reo-ards manual methods better than meb hanical, but says that apparatus may be useful to replace assistants ,,,hen e, eryone. is tired Carbon dioxide is a , ' aluable respIratory stImulant, and can be o-i, en from a soda-water when no cylinder b is available. The yphOI? is half emptied and a rubber tube IS to Its no zzle; it is then inverted and the flUId 1S blown out of the o-Iass tube. Gas is admitted to the patient's air P Ma sao-es throuo-h one nostril, while artificial respIr- b b ation is maintained continuously.

Unless the patient's other injurie are so that he cannot possibly be ali,-e, respiration must be continued for at least five hours, and the absence of the sounds of heart or respiration of the corneal reAex are no indication that he IS dead -Lancet.

Brigade Dzstp'zct Reports.

No. (Prince of Wales') District.

It is with deep regret "ve announce the death of Dr. A. C Tunstall, M.D., CM., F R.CS., L.R.CP , who died at Newquay on February 7th last, aged 8-+.

Dr. Tunstall did much good work for the St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade and it was from his Association Classes held in 1890 that the first (No . 1) Nursing Division of the Brigade was formed He was the Hon. Surgeon of that Division till he resigned in 1917. He also formed No 5 Ambulance Divis ion. He will be remembered as the joint author with Dr. Warwick of that well-known publication, "First Aiel to the Sick and Inj ured "

The funeral took place on February 13th at the Ilfo r d Cemetery The coffin was brought over-night from N ewquay and taken to the French Hospital, South Hackney, to which Dr. Tunstall belonged for many years

Members of the Brigade attended the funeral to pay their last tribute of respect to their old and esteemed officer. Ambulance Sisters took flowers in the form of a St. John Cross on a ground of violets.

No. 1 Division (Central Area) St. J olm Ambulance Brigade, held their annual dinner on February 22nd at the Grafton Hotel, Tottenham Court Road, \tv. 1.

Dr. F. M. Moseley (Divisional Surgeon) presided over a gathering' of 6S members and friends. Among those present was Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, Assistant Commissioner, whilst during the evening District Officers McBride and Burton, the latter accompanied by his wife, called in.

Speeches were brief but to the point. The musical items \vere very much appreciated by the company.

All joined in singing" Auld Lang Syne" at eleven o'clock, and so brought the evening to a successful end.

GORRINGE PARK.-On Tuesday, February 18th, the Gorringe Park Ambulance and Nursing Divisions held their annual general meeting at the Divisional Headquarters, Mitcham.

Sir T. Cato Worsfold, Bart., Ll.D., D.L., President of the Ambulance Division, presided, supported by Div. Surgeon Supt. Dr. A. H. Shelswell, Lady Div. Supt. Mrs A. Hudson, Cadet Officer Mrs. A. Hudspith and Mr. E. Harvey Burden, who has taken the place of Mr. W Smoker, now retired from the position of Divisional Secretary, on account of ill-health

The annual report showed that the Ambulance Division had performed public duty on 384 occasions. The cases treated numbered 279 .

The Nursing Division reported progress. Duties were bemg regularly undertaken at local and other hospitals.

The Division met for practice and instruction on 34 occasions, the total attendance being 470.

Jl4rs A. H udspi.th reported the new Cadet Nursing DIVlSlon to be makmg headway On Empire Day the Cadets were inspected by H R.H. The Duke of York and Lord Plumer.

The statement of accounts showed a balance of £51 18s. lld., which was considered very good.

Dr. A. H. Shelswell announced with reo-ret that the Di,:isional Treasurer, M.1'. H. E. Martin) had reluctantly on of Ill-health. The meeting recorded Its S1l1eere appreCIation of Mr. Martin's hard work and wished him a speedy recovery. M1'. G Wozencroft) M A., was elected for the treasurership. Sir Cato Worsfo ld was

congratulated 011 his being' made an Officer o[ the Order of St. John.

Sincere thanks for their services and continued interest were expressed to the Presidents, Surgeons) Superintendents and all other officers and friends of the Di"ision.

LONDON POST OFFICE CORPS.- The sixth annual din ner and dance of the London Post Office Corps was held on Saturday) February 22nd.

Corps Surgeon R. V. Steele presided and was supported hy all the Corps and Divisional Officers. Am ong the distinguished guests were, Major W. P Baines (Assistant Controller G.P.O.), Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (Assis tant Commissioner), Mr. H . G. Bishop (Postmaster W.D. O.), and Mrs Bishop) County Surgeon K. F. Lund, Mrs. and Miss Lund, District Officer T. McBride and Div. Supt. Roust.

After the loyal toast had been honoured) Div. Supt. King proposed that of "The Visitors" and said how pleased he was to see so many Post Office Chiefs present. and thanked them for the facilities granted in the past. which enabled the members to attend public duties, etl'. Maj or Baines replying stated that it was only rec ently he had taken an interest in first aid, after having witnessed the Corps at work in competition.

Dr. Corbet Fletcher) in proposing" The London P.O. Corps/' expressed his satisfaction with the efficiency of the Corps and also for the way in which members always fell into the gap when there was a sudden call for men for public duty. Corps Supt. Hall suitably replied.

Amb. Officer 1Iorris then proposed" The Chairman," which was accorded musical honours, which Dr. Steele acknowledged.

Corps Supt. Hall said that although Dr. K. F. Lu nd has been selected for promotion, they were not going to lose him entirely. On behalf of the members of the Co;-ps he asked Dr. Lund to accept a present of a silver coffee set as a small token of esteem and admiration of the member s Dr. Lund said he was too surprised and overcome to sa) much, but he greatly appreciated the present and the feel ing which prompted it. He \,"ould treasure it always.

The floor was then cleared for dancing) which continued until 11.30 p.m.

TWICKENIIAM. - The first annual dinner of the Twickenham Division was held Wednesday, March 5th. Amb. Officer Oliver presided. Owing to a bu iness engagement, Div. Supt. H. C Gordon was unable to attend.

Apart from the Royal toast there was only one other toast, that of the (( Ladies and Visitors," which was proposed by Mr. Cooper and replied to by Miss Duke.

An enjoyable dance followed the dinner, Pte. Wils on entertaining the company with some character sketches.

In a short speech, Mr. E. H. Jackson (Divisional Secr etary)) stated that) since the Division was formed in 192 1, the members had dealt with 2)029 cases) the number la st year being 463

WALTIIAMSTow.-The 25th annual concert of the No. 29 (East and West Waltham stow) Divisions S.J.A.B. was held at the Public Baths, Walthamstow, on Thursda y, February 27th, under the direction of Mr . Robert Pitt. The proceeds of the concert was towards the Di vision's funds) which) owing to expenditure of attendin g cases, etc.) was increasing each year.

March, 19.30 FIR

Last year nearly 1)000 cases were conveyed to hospitals, etc.) 1,656 cases were treated at the ambulance stat ion and 129 road accidents treated. The number of public and local duties carried out being the largest known [or many years.

During the e\'ening ?\lr. Pilt, speaking on behalf of SupL ]. Kemp, thanked one and all for their attendance, a nd said it was proposed to raise a memorial to t heir latc a nd respected Corps OHlcer, W. J. Cardo.

SOUTl)ALL. - The annual gencralillceling of the Southall Div ision, S1.. Jolln Ambulance Bl ig'ade, vvas beld on Februa ry 11th, at the Fealherstone-road Schoo ls, Soutball, a large atte ndance of Ot1-i.cers, N. C. O . '5 and. m embers being presided ove r by Dr. A. B. Brook (Divisional Surgeon) aud supported by Supt.]. E Taylor and Ambulance Officers H. S. King (Divisional Secretary) and J. W. Turner.

The Secretary gave a brief report of the year's \vork. During 1929 member s had undertaken voluntary sen'ice at many London functions and local e\'ents. Cases atte nded on public duty numbered 70. In addition two members were on duty at the public first-aid dressing station each evening. Cases attended at the stationed totalled 118. During the year oxyge n had been administered Lo se\'eral cases of pneumonia, under the doctor's in str uctions. The Di\'ision had still a section of volunteers for blood tra nsfusion. The strength of the Division was 60, all ranks The First Aid Class running at Haye s, in conjunction with the Di\·ision. ha a m e mber s hip of 22. The result of the recenL esamination at the Southall class s howed a 100 per cent. pass. The Cadet Di\ ision was doing well, ha\'ing 24 boys on t he register .

Dr. Brook said that he \\'as pleased that the Division had blood transfusion YolunLeers, \\ ho would be of use to the authorities when the Southall Hospital came inLo existence.

Supt. Taylor suggested that every member. of the Di vision should carry a pocket certificaLe, \\ hlch would show that the owner was a member of the Brigade and qual'ifled to rend e r Ii.rst-aid. It was unanimously agreed to adopL this sug-gpstion.

Corpl. Tilley (Entertainment SCL"retary) reported that the committee werc \\'Mking \\'cll, <:lIlJ the attendance at cveral functions \\ 'as encourag-ing.

On 1-+ t h February the Di\'ision held a daI1L'c in t he Beaconsfield-road School, Southall.

Dr. Smith underLook the duties of and the Caberet Dan ce Band supplied the music. Old a nd new dances were included in the programme, t he Veleta and Boston two-step being greatly appreciated. Supt. Taylor thanked Dr. Smith and t hose present for their support.

On February 18th a lecture was gi\'en by Lieut. Burwood, R. r\. (Rtd.), technical expert in di\'ing, breathing and oxygen apparatus, official representati\'e of Siebe, Gorman 8.: Co., Ltd., submarine and safety engineer, at the Featherstone-road Schools. An invitation to the Southall Division was readily accepted, also hy members of the surrounding districts.

The lecturer who has handled almost every kind of lifesaving apparatu; in England and abroad, for nearly two hours Al l sorts of respirators were on \ iew and Lieul. Burwood touched upon the dangers of various trade ., gases, etc All specil11.ens shown w(>re fully described and amply demonstrated.

The introduction of the" NO\ 'i ta" re\ i\ ing apparatus was of spec ial interest to the Brigade members. It is "ery simp le and has been successful in \"c ry stubborn cases. In cases of drown i ng or asphyxiation it can be used in conjunctio n w i t h Schafer's method of arLillcial respiration. A

demonstration was Lhen given by Pte Summers of the Southall Division.

l\fler the lecture questions were im' ited and answered ?y Lieut. Bur\\'ood, to \\'hom nIr. T. A. Drew, sanitary Inspector, proposed ,,1 vote of thanks for hi s lecture, which, he was sure, had been most interesting to e\'erybody,r especially the St. John Ambulance members and firempn.Capt. Blakey, Ealillg Borough Fire Brigade, seconded. Dr. Oli\'e then presented first-aid certiiicates. Supt Taylor proposed a vote of thanks to the chairman which was seconded by Dr. Brook.

No. 3 Di s trict.

Friday) February 14th, 1\1r Wortley

S. Lovell, Chalrman and Treasurer of the Leicester Centre) attended a meeting in the gymnasium of His llaj esty's Prison, Leicester) to present certificates of proficiency in first aid to 18 men incarcerated there, who have

By

received instruction there under 1\1r. H. Lo ckton, Centre Secretary. .

Mr. Lovell gave an interestinp' speech, congratulatmg the recipients, pointing out the value of the knowledge of first aid, in view of the ll1creased number of motors on the rvads, and the continued application of machinery in industry.

The certificates \ 'I'ere then presented, each man be1l1g shaken by the hand by the Chairman, and wished luck," and receiving a buttonhole of theAssoClahon

The Secretary, assisted by Pnson Officer at the lantern, then gave a lectur e, illustrat;,d b? slIdes, on " The Order of the Ho 'pital of St. J olm, whIch was listened to with rapt attention.

Two of the prisoners poke in appreCIatIOn of the work of l\Ir. Harry Loddon, and Corps Supt. Dexter for instructing the class.

CCW-i6SYJ [Wfst l"rhaa'!esex G(EZ{ttc. ., r\ o\'it8 '. Oxygen Apparatus demonstrated by the South a ll Division

Captain H. D. H el11ptoll, (;overnor of the Prison, moved thanks to the Committee of the Leicester Centre for bearing the \\ hole expenses of the classes. Out of c{ total of 119 men instructed since the Prison Classes were inaugurated in 1926) 115 haY( gained the award of the Association.

ROWLEY REGls.-The annual dinner and distribution

0.£ medals, etc.) to the members of the Rowley Regis DivilOn, S.JA.B. was held aL the Liberal Club. Supt. D. 1\1. presided was supported by County Surgeon H. C. Darby, Dr. KIrkwood) Amb. Officer H. S. Bcnnett Messrs. W. L. Edwards) L. Steele) A Shaw and E. ridgc. Apologies were received from Asst. Commissioner F. Ie Souf-Simpson) Corps Supt. F. Somers and others. After the loyal toast was duly honoured, Amb. Officer H. Bennett presented the annual report. During the yeay the membership had increased by eight. Oycr .)00 dnlls had been attended and all members who sat at the re-examination passed. The financial side was quite sound.

Mr. W. L. Edvvards proposed tIle success of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. He was very gratified to hear the .Secretary's report and congratulated the Di\'ision on hav111g such doctors as Drs. Darby) Cameron and Kirkwood. Pl'. Darby seconded and said how pleased he \\'as to he WIth the members of the Rowley Regis Division.

Dr. Kirkwood presented the awards.

l\Ir. L. Steele in proposing success to the Rowley Regis Diyision expressed his thanks to the members the time put in during the past year.

Supt. Chapman in reply said that last year had been a record one. I-Ie thanked the officers and men for their attendances during the year. He emphasised the 111Creas111g need for ambulance men and appealed to employers to encourage their employees to take an interest in safety and first aid work.

Thanks were voted to the yisitors) the artistes, the s t eward and .stewardess and the Liberal Club Committee.

The Anthem closed a succes ful and enjoyable even111g.

No.

4 District.

ROCIIDALE.-A uniform social and dance uncler the auspIces of the Rochdale Corps S.lAB. was helel on Tuesday, March 4th) in the Ambulance Drill Hall.

Over 200 pers.ons were present including members of Castleton \iVhltworth and Norden Divisions. Vocal :tems were rendered by Mrs. Gledhill and Supt. Fletcher cll.ld were much apprecIated as were the humorous S0l10'S gwen by Mr. H. Oeldy. ;-, .were in the able hands of members of the DIVISIOn and the very successful and artistic were carried out by memhers of the Amhulance DlvlslOn.

No. 5 District.

GRIMSBY.-:- The annual meeting' was held last mont!l Dr. A. H. DeIghton being t!1e The report amI halance sheet showed the bUlldmg fund standing at £220 an? the gen.eral at over £5) which amount was refor ImmedIate replenishing of the fourteen firstalcl boxes and to fit out new members.

Hours of duty given by members durino' the past at fetes, rac es) etc., reached 14)55; and that on l?ad patrol servIce I,J55. The miles covered numbered 12, lJ,?; cas.es treated 487. The strength of the Division was 11 and 17 cadets. During the year a first aid at Nun s. Corner had been opened. All members With the excepLlOn of two) had passed the re-examination:

A I D. March, 1930.

Se\'eral cases o[ transpurLs had been effected in conjuucLion and use 0 r the liorol1gh Ambulance. This bran ch () ( the seryice is Lo he eXLended where\'l r possihle.

PlLSLEY COLLJERY.-The Pilsley Colliery Ambulauce class experienced a great loss on February 8th when Mr. W. Twelves passed away.

He had been honorary secretary to the class (whi ch was of the first provincial classes to be formed) fo r a perIod. of 41 years) and he carried out his duties in a pa111stak111g and conscientious way. In 1926 he w as awarded a Vellum Vote of Thanks. The funeral to ok place on February 11th at the Parish Church and memb ers of the Class attended. Representatives of the colli e ry 'were also present and l11c1uded Messrs. 1\1. E. Wilcl lP , L. Sampson and O. H. Taylor1 general mana ge r: chairman and manager respectively.

another good ambulance work cl l:as gone to rest. .1\1r. l H. Buckley) Corps Officer of th e and Dlstnct Corps away on Febru ary 11th. He had been connected wlth the ambulance mo ycin. since 1912) and has done good w or k 111 .the clIstnct. 1 he Juneral took place on February 21 st. BrIgade members acting as bearers frol11 the church to th e cemetery. Representatives from all the Divisions of th e Scunthorpe were pr.esent including :-Corps Su pt. McIntosh, DIV. Supt. Sta1l1forth (Crowle), Div. Su pt. Amb. Officers Crane and Hornsby) Cadet Offi ce r 1\Ilddlemlss, Lady Div. Supt. Doughty, Lady Amb. Officer Ellerby, Corps Sergt.-1\lajor Bowles and represenLatiY es of the Ambulance and Nursing

?IlEFFIELD.-The new central headquarters o£ th e Sheffield Corps of t.he St. John Ambulance Brigade w as opened on Saturday) March 8th) in Gell Street.

The Corps has for thirty years been without a hom e. but. has .now found excellent and commodious quart e r s, whIch WIll be used for lectures) home nursing, and a vari ety of other purposes connected with ambulance work

Members of the Corps) who number 450) have carri ed out the and general equipment of the premis es.

Capta1l1. G. E. Buxton) Asst. Commissioner) presid ecl at the open1l1g ceremony. Alderman F. Thraves in d eclaring the premises open) congratulated the merr:bers on their work in carrying out the scheme of decoration s. The duties of the Ambuance Corps entailed a Oreat sacr ifice of leisure) he said) and as Chairman of the Watch he to thank the Corps) on behal f of th e CIty and ItS reSIdents) for the great public service th ey rendered.

Corps Supt. Hamer Russell said it cost £ 1)000 a ye ar to clothe. the. members of the Corps) and) in addition, ther e a bIg b111 f?r dressings and other equipment. TIl ey (lId. not. ask patIents for subscriptions) but they did a sk theIr frIends to make a donation.

N o . 6 D ist r ict.

HULL.-The annual general meeting of the Hu ll Corps, S.J.AB.) was held at the headquarters, Anlah y Road) on Wednesday) February 19th. In l1is report, th e Secretary, Mr. C. Batley) st.ated that the streno th of th e fourteen ambulance Divisions of the Hull Corps December 31st was 371) a decrease of six on tile year. Th e strength of the Nursing Divisions was 197, an increa se bf 25 and there are four Cadet Divisions with a memhe rship of 77) of whom 48 are boys and 29 Clre girls. of tIle cases attended by members of th e Corps dur1l1g the year give a total of 659. There wer e casualties at Hull Fair and 155 mishaps at L1le Whit. e CIty Rmk. football matches and on street duty 106 perSOllS receIved attention. The total number 0 f cases

M a rc h, 1930. FIRST reported as treated by members when not on public duty was 8)872) an increase of 285 over the previous year. There were 3 16 removals to hospital.

At the various re-examinations held in the Corps during the year) the passes numbered 420.

Road duty was carried out satisfactorily during the summer months and arrangements are being made to continue this very important duty during the coming summel".

Reference was also made to the district honours conferred on four of their officers . Lady Corps Officer Mrs. Harrison has been honoured with the title of Serving Sister to the Order of St. ] ohn) whilst Corps Supt. H, Bartrop, District Officer E. B. Stephenson) and Corps Officer G. Hampson have the title of Serving Brother of the Order.

The year had been a strenuous one, but a very happy one.

SUNDERLAND.-The final of the "Coroner John Graham" Ambulance Shield was held in Cowan Terrace School, Sunderland, on Saturday, February 22nd.

This was the fifth year of the competition for the shield, which is open to all ambulance teams in Durham county holding the St. John first-aid certificate.

The adjudicators were Dr. W. H. Pallett) of Wylam, a nd Dr. F. T. Harrington) of North Shields.

Coroner Graham was amongst the interested spectators and spoke briefly on the obj ects of first-aid work.

Five teams took part in the test) which was to attend t o a man supposed to have been inj ured whilst a spectator a t a football match.

There was a possible 400 marks) and the teams were p laced as follows-I, Darlington, 302 points; 2, Brandon Colliery, 3) Dorothy Pit, Houghton-Ie-Spring, 4, Boldon Colliery, 5, Derwent Valley, 233i.

The Shield was presented to the ' ;\finners by Mrs. Wardill, ex-Mayoress of Gateshead, while Miss E. Emblet on, daughter of Mr. Stanley Embleton (Asst. Commiss ioner No. 6 District), presented the second prize shield t o Brandon.

No 8 Oi,trict.

ASIIFORD.- The annual meeting of the Ashford Town Division was held on Wednesday, February 26th. Supt. Stent presided, supported by Amb. Officer R. J. Ladway a nd Sergt. J. H. Pierce (Secretary).

The Secretary, in presenting his annual report) stated t hat the Jubilee Year had been a record one. During the year 38 drills were held and 226 public duties attended. Removals by ambulances reached 525, covering a mileage of 8.370 mi les; 268 accident and sudden illness cases rec eived attention.

The Levis motor-cycle combination travelled 2.667 miles on road patrol; 16 cases being treated by the riders.

The financial report showed an income totalling £ 129 ; t he motor ambulance fund £1) 10.

Sunt Stent thanked the members for their support eluring- his short period of superintendency and commented favourablv on the proficiency of the members. He then s poke on the question of a c()ntroversy which had arisen between the Division and thE' newly formed Ashford Corps. He cou ld not agree with the orders) which stated that the D ivision's Ambulances and the money in the Division's funds shou ld be transferred to the Corps to be administered by a Committee on wllich the Division would have one renresentative. Answering' a auestion, Supt. Stent quoted Brig-ade reg'u1ations to the effect that amhulance materia l s etc , purchased bv money collected by memhers, was the propertv of the Division and should be vestf'd in the Committee ()f this Division. Tt was on these regu l ations that he was fig-htino-.

Labe ls, Medallions an d Vouchers we r e then presented,

A I D. 227

followed by a presentation of a handsome pair of fur gauntlet gloves to Mr. e. W. Mace, on his retirement of Secretary.

A resolution of thanks to the various supporters of the Division was by Amb. Officer R. J. Ladway, whIlst a vote of appreCIation and confidence in Supt. Stent was carried on the motion of Corporal Marsh. No. 10 District.

BEccLEs.-Steady progress being made in all departments was reported at the annual meeting of the Becc1es Division, S lA.B.) held on February 17th at the Y.M.e.A., Beccles.

Dr. yv. G. Wood-Hill presided. The Mayor (Mr. D. e. SmIth) and the Deputy-Mayor (Alderman ]. Brindy) were among those present.

Presenting the annual report) the Secretary (1\lr. e. Bellnett) said that although a few members had dropped out, chiefly through leaving the town) others had come along to fill the gap It was to the Cadet Division that they looked in the future to make the membership strpnger.

Financially the year had been a successful one.

Members had taken part in road patrol on holidays and week-ends; football matches had also been attended.

The big ambulance feature was the rally of St. ] ohn Ambulance and Red Cross Divisions held last summer when some 300 men and nurses marched past and held a drumhead service in the grounds of the Sir John Leman School, and six Mayors of odolk and Suffolk boroughs were present. The Diyision attended the annual inspection at Ipswich in September. All the candidates were successful in passing the examination conducted by Dr. Came of Bungay, seven gaining Medallions, two Vouchers, and three first Certificates. The East Suffolk Education Committee made the Division a grant of £5 for holding first-aid classes. They were grateful to Dr. Wood-Hill for giving a course of lectures during the illness of the Divisional Surgeon, Dr. e. T. Helsham. Thanks were also due to the residents of the town for their support.

Miss Robinson reported on the work of the Nurses' Section. and said that it had been carried on with success. C()urses started under Miss Revell-Johnson. the matron of the Beccles and District War l\Iemorial Hospital) had b een most helpful.

Other reports were given by Mr. \iV. Brown (l.::1det Ambulance Division) and Mrs. Parr (Cadet Nursing Division).

The Mayor congTatulated them on their satisfactory reports. He wished them the best of luck in the coming year.

Dr. Wood-Hill said he was most impressed by the work of the Boys' Cadet department. which seemed to be not only an embrvo of the Association) but also a gymnastic, cycling- and literary corps.

On bE'h::11f of the members Supt. W. e. Watts presented Dr. Wood-Hill with a pipe for his services in giving the course of lectures.

CROMER.-The members of the Cromer Division held their annual dinner on Tuesday) February 25th, at the Elmhurst Hotel, Cromer.

Corporal F. H. Pearce presided. supported by Asst. Commissioner F. H. Barclay. Div. Sure-con A. Burton, District Officer F. J Emms) Div. Supt. W. H. Balls, 1st Officer R. L. Randall, Alderman D. Dayison, Dr. R. B. Fawkes. D.S.O., M.e.. Dr. D. Vaug·han. MaioI' H. e. Df'nt. Dr. R. e. M Colvin Smith) Div. Suot. S. E. Day (Shering'ham) ;1l1d othf'rs. the companv numherine- 49.

Serg'eant T. L. Randa111 proposed (( The Doctors." He wished to thank the medical profession for the great consinf'ration they had alwavs shown to tlw members of the Division and for the assistance so willingly giyen. The toast was accorded musical ZlOnours.

FIRST

Dr. W. Vaughan responding} said that the work done by the Division was of enormous value to the doctors and was increasingly so every year.

CorpI. J. A. Rudderham then spoke of·the work done by their 1st Officer} R. L. Randall. He said it was difficult to express his feelings and that of the Division. He tendered to Mr. Randall) on behalf of the Division, heartiest congratulations on his long years of service and thanked him for the manner in which he had co-operated with the men under his command He asked Officer Randall to accept from the Division a little present) in the shape of a fountain pen} as a token of esteem and affection.

Mr. R. L. Randall) who received an ovation) in reply said that he felt it a privilege to be the 1st Officer and Secretary of the Division. He could always rely on his members and he thanked them for the kindness shown to him and for their kind gift.

Alderman D. Davison proposed the toast of the II Cromer S.].A.B.," and said he did so with a deep sense of the worthiness of the services rendered by the Division.

In these days when yoluntary service seemed to be rather diminishing and everyone wanted to be paid, it ,,"as very gratifying to find a body of men ready to give their services for the good of the community.

District Officer F. ]. Emms responding} said that for many years the Cromer Division was the only one in the county, and ,yas formed 29 years ag-o. Of the sixteen members who formed the Division 29 years ago} three '\-'ere present that e\'Cning. The assistance to the public by the motor ambulance and the road patrols was of great 'value; day and night the members of the Brigade were ready to help their fellow-creatures in case of accident or sudden illness.

Asst. Commissioner F. H. Barclay thanked the Dinner and also ::\1rs. Farrow for the excellent repast prOVIded. The total number of cases dealt with since the Division was formed had now reached over 1 500 the number being 1,473 up to June 30th last. The 'Di./ision had a most successful year, being equal with Yarmouth 111 the East Anglian Cup Competition at Ipswich securinofourth place in the. Dewar Shield final) and firi1 and second. places 111 the heagh Cup Competition. Two other trophIes had been won by the Cromer Beach Station team-the 11. and G.N.R. Ambulance Shield and the SimpSon Cup. Last year the Ambulance carried 88 patients and travelled 2,774 miles. The balance of the Division had been reduced from £50 to £ 18 and money was needed for buying new uniforms. '

The annual social of the Felixstowe DIVISIOn, S.].A.B. was held on February 26th at the Trades and Labour Club. The arrangements were in the hands of a special committee under Sergt. H. Youngs.

Songs were rendered by members of the Division and. comml1l1ity singing led by Pte. E. Gorham. The antICS of three members v,Tho had been hypnotised by Pte. M. Southernwood cal1sed great merriment.

.The of certificates was made by Mrs. COll111S, wde of Supt. Collins. Guessing the weio-ht of I< The Baby" (Pte. W Croxon weighs nearly 15 bstone) also caused s?me Thanks to the artistes and to those who 111 the catering were heartily accorded.

S111g111g .Auld Lang Syne" brought to an end an enjoyable even111g.

NORWICII.-Keen Competition was rife at the Lads' Club on February 14th when four teams contested for a SlIver challenge cup presented by Mrs. Harker (County Con.troller of Order of St. John and British Red Cross were: Team test, Dr. S. J. Fieldoral IndIVIdual. Dr. May Rutledge; practical indiVIdual. Dr. William E. Rutledg-e.

In absence of th<' <;lonor (Mrs,

A 10. March, 1930.

Harker), Mrs. Carill-Worsley (vice-President, Sw ains _ thorpe H.ed Cross Division) presented the cup, and congratulated the teams on their splendid exhibition.

The Chairman (Dr. W. K Rutledge) thanked Carill- vVorsley and the doctors. Dr. Fielding respon ded.

Supt. S. E. R. Scott thanked the N.C.O.'s for their co-operation and help. Mr. H. O. Clark (vice-President and treaSurer of the Tonvich branch) referred to the harmonious feeling which existed between the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St John.

The winning team consisted of J. \tVilliams, O. Ba rnes W. New) and W. Whiley. '

At the invitation of the Chairman and director s of the company) the 29 employees who form the Boult on & Paul's Ambulance Division held their annual dinner in the Riverside Works Canteen.

Reports of the recent examination \vere read) intimating that 29 out of the 29 candidates passed.

::VIr. W. H. ffi ke) a director of the company, was in the chair, and in his opening speech, welcomed Mrs. Rutledge amongst them. Dr. Rutledge had been associated with the Division since its formation) and his int erest help, and kindness throughout had been unfailing. Chairman also thanked 1\1r. S. E . R. Scott for the splendid training he had given the men.

In reply to the expressed desire that Dr. Rutl edo'e should give his .p<:>rsonal opinion of the men's Dr. Rutledge sald he had found them very intelligent and \\'ell trained. They were quite fit to enter into competition with the best Divisions in the county.

Mr. Olby, on behalf the members, thanked 1\Ir. 'vV. H. ffiske, the chairman and other directors of the company for the support they had given the organisation. In conclusion, Mr. Olby said the members had entrusted him with a mission.which he had great pleasure in fulfilIing. That IS, they WIshed to pre ent to Miss Greengrass (the organi/3er and supervisor of the Di"ision) a gift in token of her \vork and the goodwill which existed between her and the men He then presented Miss Greengra s with an illuminated travelling clock.

Miss Greengrass, in thanking the men for their kind .of her). said although she had enjoyed doing all pOSSIble 111 the II1terests of efficiency) their Sllccess had been more largely due to the fine spirit the members had displayed and in the kindly support they had receiycd from the directors.

The dinner was followed by a vvhi t driye and dan ce .

The first annual diI111er amI concert of the Sheringham Division was held on Tuesday, 1Iarch 4th at the Burlington Hotel; Supt. S E. Day presid ed , supported by Drs. H. W. Hales and Lawson. 1\Ir. R. Gilbert (Chairman of the Urban District COl1ncil), Mr. H. H. Palmer) Ambulance Officer R. G. Randall and two representatives of the Cromer Division) Supt. W. H. B a lls and Pte. W Allen, company numbering 35.

Mr. R. Gilbert proposed the toast "The Shering'ham Division S.J.A.B.)" and said that he felt it an hOLlour 'to he allowed to do so. The Holmes Cup, ,,,hich was on the table, was evidence of their ability and the progress they had made but what was even more to their credit was their service to the public in rendering first-aid in accidents .and .carefully conveying to the hospital those who were 111, eIther mentally or physically On behalf of the town of Sherillg'ham, and more especially of those who had been helped by the Ambulance men he would say to th(; Division CI Thank you."

S. E Day, responding', said that he was proud to he 111 command of such a Division} which formed hu t a slnall portion of the huge organisation of the S. T.A.E., whose work and aim was to render assistance to l1L1I11 a n beings throughout the world. to render voluntary seryice to humanitl. Doring the that the Division

FIR S T had been formed 69 cases had been dealt with. There were 36 members in the Sheringham Division) and they were all enthusiastic oyer their work.

Councillor H. H. Palmer then distributed siiYer spoons to the members of the team ,,,hich WOI1 the Holmes Cup la st year.

He also congratulated the Division upon their succes.s. It ,vas a very fine performance to have won that Cup 111 competition against all orfolk) to come. out first in any competition open to a big county was a CltffiClllt feat.

Corporal Porter gave the toast " Our Doctors," and saic1 that the members of the Division had a great deal to thank the doctors {or, especially their Divisional Sur(J'con, Dr. J. E. Linnell b Dr. Lawson re ponded) and paid tribute to the great assistance given by the Division to the doctors) especially in dea ling with accidents on the roads.

Dr. H. VV. Hale also spoke, and gan details of interes ti ng discoverie in connection with the treatment of fr ac tures and hurns.

Supt. S. E. Day proposed the toast " The Cromer Di"isiol1 S T.AR.," in which Diyision he had received his tuition, had leel him to take such an active part in fo rming a Division in heringham.

SllPt. W. H. Balls replied. He D a y upon having been able to form so g'ood a DIVISIOn, cOl;1posed of the type of men, enthusiastic, yigoroLls mln, all keenly interested in the work.

Priory for Wales.

LORD MAYOR'S TRIBUTE TO YEAR'S "VORl{. \:-.:y organisation which had exerted so great an influence on the pe'ople and taken such an admirable part in the public \\' c Hare work as the Priory for \Vales hould ha\"e a \yarm place in the heart of any true son of "Vales." These were the ,,"ords of the Lord Mayor of Cardiff, Alderman 'Villiam Cha.rles, who "\velcomed the delegates at the annual meeting of t he Grand Committee of the Priory for vVales held in the Council Chrtmber, Cily Hall, on March 1st, at which members of the Order of St. J Ohl1 from. all parts of "Vales ,yere pre sent.

"The Cit," of Cardiff" said his Lordship, "is proud to we lcome of one of the Orders of Chivalry that ever stirred the soul of ma.n, and I hope all ciyic and municipal authorities in \Vale s will render the :;u pport to wh ich it is en titled."

The Sub-Prior, the Rig-ht Hon. Lord Kyl ant, G.C.l\l.G., presided at Chapter which assembled at noon; the mem.bers in their picturesque mantles of the Order. The Chaplain, His Grace the Lord Archbishop of vVales, officiated, and the scene presented in the Council Chamber was one of interest and dignity.

REPORTS OF EXECUTI"E OFFICERS.

The report of the Honorary Trca urer, Colonel Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, Bart., C. B., presented by Co lonel Da\'icI Hepburn, C. 1. G., M. D. He was pleased to ,.;ay the loss on the year's working was slig.htI r lower than that of the previou tweh'e months, due, p.rlllclpaIly,. to the increase in don ations and subscriptions recelyed, and ll1 proposing the adopt ion of the report, expre se? the h.ope that o-ene rous minded men and women in bequeathIng their money :--. I I I:>' would not be forgetful of the gn>at wor {: t ,.e nory was car rying on in the interests of suffering humanIty.

Sir Leolin FOI-estier- vValker, Bart., 1. P., Honorary Director of Ambulance, made a report on the Ambulance Department, which showed the year 1929 had created a record in several respccts. First Aid and Home Nursll1g werc arra n ged iq c,"cry Gounty ill 'i\Ta l es alld 12,23$

A I D. 229

efficiency a wards were i suecI to successful students, an increase of 481 on the year 1928. The strength of the Brigade in Wales was shown a 8,136, and fourteen new Divisions had been registered. The Molor ,,\mbulance Transport Sen"ice had become an indi pen 'aHe part of the public life of "Vale. Durin£; the year, 5,09-1- case were carried in the Prior\' Ambulances and 95,-1-98 miles travelled.

A statement the Almonr\' work of the Priory was given by Lieut.-Colonel "V. Bickerton Edwards, C. B.E. 1\1r. Edmund L. Hann presented hi report a Registrar for Wales, and Ir. Hugh 1\1. Inglede,, , on behalf of the trustees, reported on the properties \'ested in the Priory.

l\E\\ ApP01:-.:nIE:-':Ts.

It was resolved to recommend the Prior, H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, lo re-elect the executi,'e officers and members of Chapter. The Standing- Committees were elected tor the ensuing year and the appointment of Lord Penrhyn a Chairman of the Carnan'onshire Centre ,,"as confirmed.

At the close of Chapter, Lord Kylsant entertained a representative gathering of executive officers and others connected wilh the work of the Priory to luncheon at the Park Hotel.

Sr:B-PRIOR'S

Lord Kylsant thanked the Lord Mayor for the Civic welcome accorded to the representatiye present at the ina of the Grand Committee, which met at 3 o'clock, and for interest and support the ch'ic authorities of Cardiff had aI'ways extended to the work of the Priory. He then reviewed the past year's work.

Progress, his Lordship said, was again a. featu:e of the work of all the regular department s, and thiS acllle\"ement indicated both the need for the Priory' work and the growing confidence of the public. 'Welshmen had learned by experience to look to the for aid 111 times of suffering and distress, and tI?e Pnory almed, a.s a \Velsh National Institu tio n, at rendenng the utmo t pOSSible service for the creneral welfare of the people of 'Vale s. They had, suffered a great los during the through the death_ of Lord Honorary Bailiff for "V,Tales since the inceptIon of the Pnory, and a lso the death of Dr. R. J. Sni.ith, O. B. E., an Honorary of the Order and an active member of Chapter and theil' committees.

The work of the ambulance section continued to g-row, and last year they arranged courses in .Fir t Aid and the allied subjects for O\'er 13,000. people, an e of < 00 on the previous year. One parttcularly grattf>'1I1g feature .was that more than 1,000 people took a 111 nurs1l1g, a branch of practical kno,,'ledge the Pnory "'as contantly trying to introduce into the m1l1ds of "Vel h people. Special classes were t year for the employ:es of Omnibus Com panies operatlng 111 'Vales, and the of first aid in H. M. Prisons was another branch ",111ch h.ad b d 1 ed Stead" [)roo're S had also been made WIth een e\'e op. <. t> their !\Iotor Ambulance Transport Sen:lce. All the ambulance stations had been maintained dunng the year and had recently opened a new one at Cymmer, Port Talb.ot, was a further link in the chain they hoped .to estabhsh nght throuo'h the "Vel h coalfield. 'V elsh eolhery. o\yners ,:vere rnorc and more the yalue of the Pnory's. sernces. The; had 55 collieries involving -1-0 men, and n1l1e. panics other than collieries employ1l1g 2,500 while 48 Colliery Lodges ,,"ould pay a small contrIbutlon 'per member, which entit led them to the f:ee us.e. of the PrIory ambulance for themseh'e and their famJlles. .

Lord Kylsant expressed the thanks and appreCIatIOn .of Grand Comm.ittee to the Principal Secretary and ., f Wale for- hi de"oted and whole-hearted sel- mISSIOner or d t tl "ices to the many-sided acti"ities of the Pnory an. 0 :e _ I the who, day b\' day, were carrylllg on 111 pel sonne 0 1 - f tl Order throuo-hout tlleir respecti"e spheres, the \YOI' 9 It' b y\Tal es (lnq

CERTIFICATES OF THANKS.

Vellum Votes of Thanks, awarded by the ChapterGe n era l, were then prese nted by th e Sub-Prior to)11-. Hu g h M. In g ledew

Honor ary Solicitor of the Priory, whose nam e would eyer be remembered for his valuable assistance in the creation of the Pri ory For his continued se rvices in connection with the egal ",;ork of the Priory

F)'ancis Lle\\'ellin J aco b.

liVho fostered the organisation of Inte r-Colliery Compepetitions, when President of the Borough of Rh o ndda Centre, and ass iste d the work of the Priory in that a rea.

Bernard E\'an

Staff Officer City of Cardiff Ce ntr e, \\ h o is, to a great extent, responsib l e for the w ork carr ied o ut by the Bl igade in this cit)'.

A I D. March, 1930

unnecessary suffering. Infant clothing had been supplied to mothers in poor circumstances and the organising of wor king pa rties fOl' this purpose was being universally adopted.

The Principal Secretary gave an interesting accou nt of the Priory's activities as a Welsh national organisation. He emphasised the importance of fir s t aid in mines and h oped the Mines Departm e nt would make compulsory the r enewa l of first aid certificates at th e end of each period of three years for all first aid m e n employed und e rground.

The Priory, h e sa id, had been in touch with the Ministry of Transport in refer e nc e to the new Road Tran spor t Bill, now before Parliament, a nd th e re was every possi bility of the Mini s ter in c luding in the Regulations, a Cl ause which would e n s ur e s uitabl e first a id appliances bein g car rie d o n all public se rvi ce \'ehicles. Th e Chiefs of Poli ce in W ales had gi\'en e\ 'e ry s uppor t, and the City of Cardiff, on the advice of it s Chief Constable, was making provision for this and to e n s ur e th al li ce n se d driver s of long-distance roa d veh icles were in st ru cte d in the u se of th e e quipm e nt. He

March,

19 30

F I RST

other institution s in Wales, and he knew the peopl e of Wales wo u ld assist the Committee when this scheme wa s laun c hed by se nding to Priory Hou se gifts of books, magazines and papers.

The Right Hon. Thomas Richard s, P.c., Pres id e nt of the Miners' Federa t ion of Great Britain, wh o is the Priory' S Di rec tol' of Ambulance, spoke on the work done by t h e ambul a nce men in the coalfied, of which h e was pi o n ee r. The ambulance faciliti es in Wale s to-day were exemplary; the Tra nsport Service wa s a boon to the co lli e r, and they were mo st grateful to the Priory for the int e rest it had aken in th e coa l field.

Captain J. M cLeo d Carey, H. M. In specto r of Mines, said a ve ry great de a l in re s pect of ambulance work undergrou nd, and suggested that u sef ul work co uld be d one b y th e organisation of a Miners' A mbul a n ce League for the South coa lfi e ld, and olTered to g- i" e a trophy for this pu rpose

Mr. J. Llo yd Ed'wards, H M. In spector of Factories, bo re tribute on beh a lf of hi s departm e n t to th e g reat h elp and e ncourage ment th e Prior y gave to first ai d work in the in d ustrial life of vVal es, and pa ni c ularly in Ca rdiff by providing facilitie s for those who h a d to a dmini ster first a id in the factories, and espec ia ll y for pro vi din g a very efficient form of transport. H ow n ecessary an effic ient system of first aid was requir e d was s hown by h e fact that in 1928 there were 154,000 accidents in do c ks, factor iES and build in g operations. O f lhese ne arly 1,000 proved fatal. Of the non-fat a l acc id e nts 16 ,000 were du e to seps is and of these 39 d eat h s were du e to wounds becoming septic.

Profe ssOl' D. H epb urn, C.M.G., M.D., put in a strong pl ea for the introduction of some form of first ai d training in eleme nt ary schools. Sim pl e i n st ru ctio l1 would enco ur age child ren to regard accidents with less h orro r. Th e principle of se n ice and kindness inculcated would affect the whole life of a c hild.

Th e Commi s ion er for Carmarthenshire, 11'. E. D J ones , s upport e d the introdu ction of first aid in sc ho ols, and read a telegram from the at ion a l Un ion of T eache r s' meeting in Carmarthen that d ay offering t h eir co- operat ion with t h e Priory.

J\mbulance WOtk.

P olice Natio n a l First Aid Competition.

TH E final of this (;om p et ition was h e ld at the Polytec hni c In stit ut e, Clerkenwell, London, 011 Thur sdav, F e bruary 27th. Th e test co mm enced at 9.30 a. m. and' a la r ge audience was k ept in terested until about 4 .15 p.m. The team test was h e ld in the large hall \,vhi lst the individual was staged in t h e gymnasium.

Th e a djudi cation was in the hands of Dr. R. B, Duncan, M.D., of L o nd on, team and TO. 4; and Capt. ,\. Ellison, JLR.C.S. , L.R.C.P., of Leeds, r\o s. 1, 2, 2 and 5.

At the close of the compet ition an exhibition test was ca rri ed out by the Lanca shir e team for the benefit of the H ome Secretary (The Ri ght Honourable J. R. Clynes, 1\1. P.), wh o was present to distribute the prizes.

Th e prize distribution was presided o\'er by Sir John H ewett, and Major-General Sir P. V\Tilkin on announced the r esult as follows:

1, Birmingham City Police

2, West Sussex. Constabu lary

3, L ancashire +, Cardiff City Police

5, Metropolitan Police, !IF" Divi s ion

Th e chainnan congratulated the winners and acknowledge the se r vices of judges.

Th e H orne Secretary on rising to pre ent the prizes recei\'ed a great ovation. He urged the members of the Police Force to continue their training in ambulance \york and endem'our to increase their knowledge. He added his co n rrratulations to the winner".

Gra nd Committee of the Priory for vVa es.

Lord Kylsant, G.C.M.G. (Sub-P ri o r), presenting a Vellum Vote of Tha nk s to Mr. Hu gh M. In g le d ew (Honorary Solicitor) at the Ann ual St. D av id' s Day gathering- in the Council Chamber, City H a ll, Cardiff.

In the picture a r e the L ord of Cardiff (Alderman William Charles) and the L a d y Mayoress, Staff Of!J. ce r

B. E. 1\Iaberly, who also recel\ 'e d a Vote of Th a nks, Lieut.-Col. W. Bickerton Edwards, C. B. E. (Commissioner for Pcmbrokeshire) , an d Sir H e rb e rt D. W Lewi s, K. B. E. (Principal Secrt a ry a nd Commi ss ioner for W a les).

Mr. Thomas J ames Morris.

For specia l serv ices rendered in co nnection with the rescu e of a man serio u s ly injured und e r gro und a nd for twelve months afterwards assiste d d ai ly i n nursing the patient.

Mrs. Bevan Ll ewe ll y n.

Who has taken a com m e nd ab le part in connection with the Medical Comforts D epots and Working Parties

It was regretted that Mr. J ames A Wil so n, O. B. E., Chid Constabl e of Ca rdi ff, was preve nt ed by illness from reCel\'lllg the Vellum Vote of Th a nks awarded him for the general assista n ce given in the d eve lopment of ambulance work

I EDICAL COMFOR rs D EPOTS A 1D GENERAL WORK.

Mrs. Mackintosh of Ma ck intos h , C.B.E., who takes a interest in the work of the M edical Comforts Depots, saId that sco pe of the work h a d bee n considerably dunng the pa yea r, 2 nd th e incre ase d pro v ision of medIca l comforls an d invalid equipment had saved rnuch

refe ned to the subject of first aid in factories and m ade s ugge s tions for furth e r d eve lopment in thi s direction and said Th e Nation a l Amalgamated Union of Shop Assistan ts, W a r e hou se men a nd Clerks were considering the question of first aid in s hops at their annual conference a nd it w as felt prompt attention would avoid the se riou s co nse quences wh ich frequently followed a n accident.

The Priory h a d been in touch with the Educ ation A ut.horitie: in W a les with a view to First Aid Boxes be ing avatlable 111 a ll the Elementary Schools, so that in case s of a.ccident, might have attention at the proper tllne. Thls wa s be ll1g done by some authorities, a nd the Head Tea c her' s in the county at Ca rmarthen w ere co n s idering the ma tte r at their conference, and Sir Her bert lo oked forward to the day when the s ubj ect of fir s t aid w ould b e included in the sc ho o l c urriculum.

Sir Herbert Lewis said the Priory hoped to establish a Hospital library, so that books, m agazines a nd papers mi ght be sent to the hospital s , infirmaries, convalescent homes and

Major A. V.i. Anderson 1. B., eh. B., referred to t h e Motor Ambulance Tra n sport Service in the min ing areas, and Miss Oliv e Bruce, hon. sec r etary of the Sl. Fagan's vV omens' I nst itute, a dvi sed all women's in st itu tes to encourage their mem bers to le arn h ome nursing, which was invaluable in the homes, a nd the Pri ory for Wales w ou ld , she fc lt, arrange for demon strat ion s to be giyen by ib nursing s isters, as they had don e at St. Fagan's an d e lse wh ere NEATII CORPS AT DINNER.

A very e njo yab le eve nin g ""as spent by the members of the Divi s ions in t h e Ne at h Corps 011 February 8th, at the Cast l e Hotel, N eat h, when abo u t 300 men and women sat dow n to dinn er. Among those present w ere Sir H erbcrt and Lady Lewi s

After th e dinn e r Corps Supl. Ri c hards pre sented SubCorn mission e r Mr. D. W. Evans-Bevan with a si lver rose bo wl, suitably ins cr ibed, as a token of esteem and respect of the m e mb ers for the serv ices rendered to the eath Co rps.

Mr. B eva n s uit ab ly responded, and the membe rs for their kind wi s h es

Lady (Herbert) L ew is then pr esented h e s hi eld and me dals to Briton Ferry team as winners of the N eath Corps League Shield for 1929. The Gl e nn eat h leam being the run ners-up. The Briton Ferry team a lso w on the Neath Co rps Competition Sil\' e r Cup. Th e r e mainder o f the eyen in g " 'as g i \'en O\'er to a III usical progra 111 m e.

Does yo u r co llea g u e re ad F IR ST AI D , if n ot, se n d us hi s add re ss a n d we will post him a cop y .

::-'The captain of l ast year' \yinner s, was presented with a framed bronze plaque recordll1g that tlw Pim " trophy had been won by hiS team.

Th e H ome Secretary then presented the prizes won that day as follows: Birmingl:am, "Pim" cup mahogany clocks' \,'est Sussex, w1'1 t wat c he ; Lancashire, cases of spoo ns'; Cardiff, cigarette cases; M etropo lit an" F" Diyi sion, s'1n dwich sets on plated tands; Durham , cut glass bow: ; East Suffolk, cut glass jars; \V. R. Yorkshire, ca e of fish kniyes' Gloucester, china jars. those supporling the chair!11an wa Col. Turnbull Comm iss ioner Cit\· of London Poltce; 1\lr. J. c. Stark, r\ssi'stant COl11l11issione;; Chief Constables Tomlin and Landon , Metropolitan Police; 1\ [1' J H. Burrell, Office; Mr. l\loriarty, .-\:;sistant Chief Constable, Btrl11ln ghall1; an d lhe Chief Con tables of Cardiff, Durham COU'lty, LanCll hire Gloucestershire and \\'c Su sex.

TI;c presentation of the "Police Re"i e w". Cup took place at the Bonl1in u ton Hot e l lhe same e\'enlng. The guests includ ed LO,rJ' R emnant, Mr -\. \V illian:s, Chief Co nstab le, 'liVest Su sex; II'. J. A \\ tlson, ChIef) table Cardifr· Sup. Best "F" Diy., l\ l etropolttan I ollce ; s, , I 1U S d "F" a nd the members of the Binning 1<1111, y\ es u ssex an l\l et r opol itan teams. " ,,'

Lord R emnanl presented the " Po.bce Revle:, Cup to the W esl Sussex team, as runner -up III NatIOn al Compet ition. Thi s is the second lime running thiS team has been secon d.

Comments on the competition by Dr. R. B. DlTNC.-\N (team and 0l0. 4) :-

In th e stretc h er team eac h membc: of lhe leam recei, 'ed a card, fr o m whi c h h e learnt t h e settll1g of the cene of

the accident, a lon g with three or four details which materially influenced his first aid treatment

It is a good plan, whenever possible, after reading the card, to take a good look round the hall for clues pertaining to "surroundings," when the following might have been observed - Four boys round the patient, a petrol tin on its side with a burning cigarette adjoining; an e le ctric fan directing air from petrol tin past cigal ptte toward patient's head and face; a wooden box labelled 'c Sand," cards indicating" Hospital," "Laburnum Cottage," and" Police Cal l Box." Then with this extra knowledge, if tim e permits, again read your card. Always give your patient a warning shout to lie still when within a reasonable distance of him.

All the teams kept the crowd back, and the majority tactfully arranged the crowd to shelter the patient from the cold wind. All promptly extinguished the lit cigarette and remo\ ed the leaking petrol tin to one side, but only one or two noted the sancl-box and obtained sand to sprinkle on the ob"ious pool of petrol at the patient's head.

Then it seems to me, the next step would be to ask th e patient if he has any pain, and on being told "No responsE'," lIllmedialely lllake certain if respiration is present

in the examination of the head, likewi se bleeding from the ear-hole. With s uch evidence of injury to the head it is wise with hole! smelling salts, in case of lI1g. Don t forget to complete your exanlInatLOn for 1I1juries after turning the patient. Some captains forgot that the Manual lays dmvn that after changing bearers, all orders a re to be given by the new No. -+ (p. 201) and that when beare rs have to go to the right side of the patient, they must k ne el on their right knee (p. 210).

On the whole the work of the teams was distinctly aGo d and in my opinion showed a definite improvement on i ha\'e witnessed at previous competitions. In conclu sio n I 'would suggest that if each mem ber of a team would tice (1) taking each number in turn, (2) visualisin g t he scene and surroundings, (3) acting as he would in a re al ca e as far as possible and (-+) forgetting the presence of t he judge except to extract necessary information, then m ar ks would flow freely in any competition.

Comments by Capt. A. ELLISO (Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 5) :-

Whilst making allowances for make-believe and l ack of imagination in many of the competitors, I think I can safe ly

March, 1930. FIRST

of clothing in cases where no ambulance material was available. I am not stressing this point because some competitors did this well.

7. Messeng-ers, sent to telephone to hospital should immediately return and report.

8. Too little notice was taken of the judge's answers; i. c ., the same question was repeated several times.

PART A (TEAM TEST).

While on your way to a First Aid practice a motor-van ove rtakes YOll, and YOll observe a young man sitting on the t a il-board li ghting a cigarette. Suddenly the van turns sh a rply round a corner and you see the young man thrown vi olent ly to the ground. By the time YOLl reach the patient t he "an is out of sight.

A crowd collects but no help is allowed. Weather dry with a biting cold wind blowing.

There is a Police Call Box about 1 mile away wh e re t he re are First Aid appliance s and a telephone. Hospital mile a.vay.

Render Fir s Aid.

Time allowed, 20 minute, beginning when you recei\ e th e card.

As certain condition of pupils (Equal and somewhat dilated)

Ascertain colour of face (pale)...

Examine condition of breathing (Shallow)

Examine odour of breath(Normal)

Examine condition of pulse (Quick and weak)

Examine condition of skin (Cold)

Examine quickly right upper limb (No injury)

Examine quickly lower limbs (No injury) .,.

Spread coat on ground clo s e up to patient

Now carefully turn patient on to coat .,.

Noting hcemorrhage from left temple and left ear-hol e

Prompt digital compression of left temporal

Keep head well inclined to left s id e

Send for First Aid appliances (out for 3 minute s ) . ,

'With request to 'phone for ambulance (H e re prese nlh )

With request to 'phone for doctor (Ou t )

'vVith request to phone to hospital

lJ ndo all tight clothing

Carefully examine head, fac e and mouth (No furth e r injuries)

I s the wound dirty (1 0) ,

Carefully examine left upp e r limb (Fra c tured fore a rm)

Back ww (left to right) : P.Co's A. Elliott, E.

and P. Barratt.

Inspector

and follow this with the presence or absence of any VISIble hceI1lorrhage or deformity. Now ascertain the degree. of present, colour of face, state of pulse, breathIng and sk1l1, so that one may be in a position to note any difference in the patient's condition should such later on. N before attempting to move the carefully examlI1e as much of him as is conveniently possIble for any injuries.

, Here I like to point out that the judge is standing 111 to glve each competitor the amount of information I11S would naturally elicit at a real case, therefore It IS useless to ask the judge if a fracture is present the competitor has casually glanced at the limb or lIghtly his fingers over it. Be thorough in the exammatIOn and ask if the signs you are looking for arc present.

I was very pleased to note that some teams realised the weathe: was cold and carefully spread out a coat on to which tll,e pattent could be rolled so as to prevent aggravation of s lOCk.

The presence of arterial hremorrhagewas promptl iven when patIent was turned, if it had not been discovereJ

say that the standard of efficiency was fairly high, so th at I propose to confine my remarks to fault-finding.

1. The actual examination of the parts was gen era ll y not sufficiently well done to reveal thc injuries clearly.

2 There seemed to be a disinclination to turn over a limb, or even the head, to see if there was anything else underneath; e g., a small s calp wound wa s howing on the uppermost of the bead. (right), whilst a large ga ping wound bleedII1g freely 'was sltuated on the underside (left) of thp neck. In this case time was lost dressing the tr i"ia wound whilst the other was untreated.

3. After the discovery of one injury, too little care was taken to examine for other injuries; e,g., a cyclist wi th (l hroken arm had al s o a compound fracLure of the leg-t hi s was not discovered as soon as it ought to have been.

4. Insufficient notice was taken of surroundings; e.g., umbrellas were requi itioned to shade an apolectic from h e sun when there was a balcony close by.

5. The usual lack of ordinary commonsense in not removing a patient from the roadway to the side-walk in t he case of a busy street.

6. Not enough resource was shown in utilising portions

By

The Judge will on I y give such information as your exa mination entitles you to.

Note to Judge. - Paticnt to be lying on his left chest and ar m, face pale, bright red smear on his left temple and in lef t car, cork o, er left forearm, leaking petrol tin near face, lig hted cigarette near tin, sand-bin nearby. Four bystanders

H asten to patien t 2

W arn patient to lie s till 3

Ke ep crowd well bark 2

T actfully arrange crowd to shelter patient from cold wind 6

N ote leaking petrol tin -+

N ote and promptly extinguish cigarette 4

P romptly remove tin to sand-bin -+

P romptly sprinkle sand on pool of petrol.. -+

.\s k patient if he has any pain (No response) 3

As certain if breathing is pre ent (Yes) -+

As certain if any hcemorrhage is visible (No) -+

As certain if any deformity is visible (No) -+

As certain if eyes respond to touch (No) 2

As ce rtain if pupils respond to light (No) 2

Carefully examine ch e t ( TO injury)

Carefully examine abdomen (No injury)

Obtain cold water from n e ighbouring house

Continuously apply to head

No smelling sails for fear of compression

Iodine own fingers and " 'ound in left templ e

Small firm pad on ,yound and narro'" h a nd a g e

Relax digi tal pres ure on tem pora!

Noting if hcemorrhage is controlled (Yes) ..

Dry absorbent dres s ing bandaged lightly o,,'e r left ear

Two padded splints and t,,·o ba nd a ges on left forearm

Large arm ling

Cover patient warmly

Here Judge announces ambulance has broken down.

Examine for any change in patient' condition (none)

Decide to remo, e patient to ho pital at onc e

Preparing and testing stretcher

Loading tret.cher

Lifting stretcher and adjusting slings

Position on stretcher-head well on left side

Marching to hospital

Change bearers once. (New No.4 to orders ;

By courtesy]

[Polia R eview Birmingham Team, winners of the "Pim" Trophy.

Keech (captain), H. Hollingshead, W, Haines, D. Ram s ay,

Seated:

W. J Spiers and P.C. T. Berridge

courtcSy]

[Police R eview

Lord Remnant pres e nting the Police R e7ll·ew Cup to \Vest Sussex T eam (runners-up).

Watchful care en route ... ... . .,. 6

On arrival at hospital doctor orders patient to bc placed on couch.

Method of doing so

Nature of report to doctor: fractured base (2) and left forearm (2), wound in. teo;pl.e (1).

Endea\'our to establish patient s Identtty (unsuccessful)

General martness and efficiency

Nos. 1 and 5 : A two-seater car, taking a sudden turn to avoid another car on a country road, over.

The driver is thruwn clear of the car and IS lyLl1g Il1 the ;oad as found. The other car dri\'es rapidly away and there IS no other traffic about at the moment. There are no Weather cold and wet. :\n ambulance havresac IS avaIlable.

The patient's left carotid artery is cut;. he has a scalp wound and a dislocated shoulper. First Aid has to be rendered in 8 minutes.

No.2: Thc paticnt riding a motor blc.yc1e o.n a country road turns a right-handed corner, the sklds and fal!s heavily to the right, pinning his leg beneath It. The day IS cold and wet. There are no bystanders and no passing. The patient has a c?mpound fracture of nght leg and a simple fracture of nght shoulder. No.2 has two large pocket handkerchiefs with hun, bu.t no ambulance material. First Aid bas to be rendered 111 8 minutes.

o. 3: While 'vvalking down a side street on a hot sunny day No.3 sees a man slip on the pavement -i: dge, into the road, and remain lying still. No ambulan.ce matenal is available. There are two bystanders. There IS no traffic passing. The patient has apoplexy and a .fracture of the right fibula. First Aid to be rend e red 111 8 mll1utes.

----._.----

The City of London Police Res e rve.

TilE St. John Ambulance Association examinations are now over, and the nightmare and fear of questions we might have been asked which we had particularly swotted up, and which we the misfortune not to be questioned on, etc., have all been left behind again in the forward march of time. But \ve really did well, despite the one or more. handicaps we experience d during the course of lectures, partIcularly as regards the first time men. Out of 102 men who came up for examination only 13 failed to satisfy the requirements of the examine rs, and the majority of the e were first tin1.ers.

Dr. R. B. Duncan was the examining officer for the first three evenings out of the four, and those of us who managed to get through his examination feel a certain amo unt of inward pride as to how we must have worked to have been able to satisty him.

On March 14th we sta rted work on our team practice for the Sir William Smith Inter-Divisional Cup.

On Saturday, l\larch 1st, at the renewed invitation of Mr. Walter ] . Harris, of the London College of Anatomy, a party of about twenty-five of the Re serve (the overflow of the previous visit last month) spent another interesting and instructive afternoon. I can but reiterat e what I said in my last report, and add that any first-aider who does not feel certai n of his anatomical knowledge, at least so far as is required in the St. John's Manual, should attend one of Mr. Harris' s lectures. It was again my pleasure to accord him very hearty vote of thanks on behalf of the Reserve.

Obviously, I sho uld not omit to refer to the National Police Competition, as I amongst the vast audience of interested spectators. Any addition to the numerous reports already in print would be quite superfluous on my part, but I should just like to add one or two words, and in effect they

A I D. March, 1930.

are: I would suggest that at future competitions it would be of greater interest from the and specta,to ;'s point of view if the staging were made a 1.lt.tle more re altstlc, such as is usual with the Railway competJtl0ns. I thll1k the men of the teams would better visualise the details of the accident they are supposed t? be deaIiI:g with, and get.down to the actual work of I-endenng first aid somewhat qUlck cr, as the reading of the card does not convey the sa.me idea in the same time to each individual-at least thiS was th e general impression--Sergt. C. G. Emery, Hon. Sec.

The EJitor inviles Note on actual ases- wi h al reference to go)d and bad points in Treatment-for inclusi"n n lhis Column.

DEAD OR DYING.

The Textbook teaches us as the First Principle of Firs t Aid that death is not to be assumed because signs of life a re absent (p. 18). Recently I had a striking- proof of the wi sdom of this advice.

Being informed that a serious motor smash h ad occurred three miles outside our town, I at once proced ed with our ambulance to the place of the accident, which w as close to a farm house. Upon arrival we were met by severa l men equipped with lanterns as it W,IS vel-y dark; and \\ e were pathetically told that a man dea.d .and had be en put in a barn and that a lady was senously lI1Jured and ha d been carried to the farm house.

Despatching the driver to attend to tl;e lady, I proceeded forthwith to the barn where the ll1Jured man la y, covered completely with a horse-rug. On lifting the rug I noted at once well marked deformity of right femur an d extreme pallor of face; then I felt for the pulse at wri st without success; then I placed my hand on patient's for ehead, although he appeared to be completely uncon. ciou s, and asked him if he had any pain. To my surpnse, h e slowly opened his eyes as if coming out of a de p sleep, an d said: "Oh! I am cold! ! "

Before disturbing the leg in any way, I immediat eh procured hot-water bottles and and treated t.h e condition of shock before I treated the patient for COmnlll1uted Fracture of Right Femur, Simple Fracture of left le g (both bones), and of left Shoulder. \\ c removed both patIents 111 the ambulance to hospItal , <l distance of six mileS. Had it not been good fortun e to arrive when I did, I am convinced that the man , lying as he was in a cold and windy barn, would have su ccumbed to shock. I am happy to add that both pati ent s are making satisfactory progress.-c. H., Kirkham.

VAGARIES OF EPILEPSY.

Recently a rcmarkable case occurred in our neigbou rhood. A woman, known to be a victim of Epilepsy, di sappeared. Her friends reported the matter to the police , who communicated with relations and others. No trace of her was found until the eighth day when the gas collecto r called at her house and went into the cellar to check the ga s meter. There he found someone crouching in the far corne r of the cellar. He summoned members of the house wh o recoO'nised the missing woman. In view of her emaciate d condition, it was thought that the patient had not left th e cellar throughout the period of eight days, and that she h ad had a series of Epileptic fits. -A .S., Peckham.

The King's Lynn mens' and womens' branches of the B. R. C. S., held a Whist Drive and Dance on behalf of detachrnent funds on Wednesday, Frebruary 26th.

Ratlway Ambulance Ne w s.

London a nd N orth Eastern.

A committee has been appointed, composed of a representat ive of eaeh section or area with Dr. J. G. McBnde, of York, as chairman, in order that the organisation of the Ambulance Movement throughout the L.N.E.R. system may be conducted on uniform lin es as far as posSIb le and also with the object of encouragJl1g the study of first-aid.

HATFIELD.

The Hatfield) L.N.E.R. Ambulance Class, .held its annual dinner at the "One Bell" Hotel on Fnday, February 21st. Mr. F. Warriner (Traffic Supt., Liverpool Street) presided and among those present were Dr. J. Lamb (Lecturer), Messrs. T. Smith (Liverpool Street, and Hon. Secretary, Central L.N.E.R.), C. H. vVood (Steationmaster, H F. Hodson Welwyn Garden CIty), D. EllJl1gham (ChIef Clerk, Hatfield) C. M. Rickards (late Hatfi.eld and Quay) and J. F. Sparke (LocomotIve Supt., Kmg s Cross), together with Messrs C. S. Cox and J. l\larsh, Hon. Secretary and Assistant Hon. Secretary of the Hatfiel.d Branch.

The Chairman congratulated the Class on theIr successfu l season. He announced that Hitchin had wrested th.e District Shield from 18 competing teams in the competItion that afternoon at Hitchin. Their No. 1 team came out top with 367 points. Hitchin No.2 team, New England (Peterboroug'h), 320, Welwyn Garden CIty, 314. Hatfield No.2 team, 287, and Hitchin No.1 team, 244.

He personally extended very hearty congratulations to Welwyn Garden City, who in their first year had reached the fourth place from the top. (Applause.) ''-

Mr. H. F. Hodson stated that 14 out of a pOSSIble 1J of t he Garden City staff had attended Dr. Lamb's classes and they had obtained 10 passes out of tl:e 14.

On behalf of the members, Mr. RIckards then presented a fountain pen to Dr. Lamb in grateful acknowledgment of his instruction.

KI)[G'S CROSS.

T ,he No. (London) Division) Northern Section, Ambulance Competition for the Sdyer Bowl, presented by Mr. F. Lidd ell Steel, a DIrector. of the L.N.E.R., and President of the G.N. Centre SectlOn, was held at Culross Hall, King's Cross, on March 4th. Five teams competed represent1l1g K1l1g s Cross Goods, King's Cross Loco. (two teams, A.and B), H?rn!.e y Loco., and King's Cross Passenger StatlOn. The were Dr. J. Stanley Davies (team test) and Dr. J. Lesh.e Callaghan (individual test). The result of the competItion was as under:, King-'s Cross Goods, 280 marks; K1l1g s Cross Loco. " A " 272· King's Cross Loco. "B," 257; Hornsey Loco., 172'; King\ Cross Passer:tger, 171.

The winning team (K1l1g's Cross Goods) was compnsecl of Ptes. E. H. Woods, S. C. Dearmer, C. W. Waygood, E. A Loeber, R. W. Oscarthorp and H. Garvey (Reserve), S.J.A.B., and was. trained Amb. Officer H. Dye, _ A short meet1l1g follow1l1R the was pi e sic.led over by Mr: T. Smith, G.N. SectlOn C.entre Secretary, who, in the couse of his. expl.amed that winning team of this competltlOn, m additlOn to hold1l1t:. the President's Bo\vl for 12 months, would represent the London Division in a competition for the Challenge Cup, presented by the Officers of the late Great Northern

Railway, to be held at Liverpool Street Station on Thursday, March 20th.

The judges gave a cntlclsm ?f the of the respective teams, and some useful adVIce for future profit. Votes of thanks were accorded to the Jud ges, to !. Smith for presiding, also to Mr. J. F. Sparks (DIstnct Loco. Supt.) King's 111'.. F. C. l\Iarle:y Loco.), and Mr. G. Su.tchffe (StatIOn l\laster, K1l1g Cross) for attending competItlOn and Mr. SmIth, and to Mr. H. W. Harvey, the L ondon DlV Secretary, who was responsible for arranging the competltlOn.

Gr eat Western.

A YEAR)S WORK.

As the ambulance year on the Great vVestern has been altered (July 1st to June no IS be1l1g issued as is usual in l\Iarch) but It IS to learn that the total number of successful exam1l1ees for the ended November 30th last was 7,3-1-6) as compared WIth 7426 the record achieved for the previous twelve months. , , COMPETITIONS.

As stated in our last issue upwards of 300 tea.ms entered this year's first-aid competitions. The foll.owmg have qualified to participate in the second (semI -final) round.

Divisio1' ,

1. London (a)

2. London (b)

3. Swindo:l

4. Bristol

4a. Bristol (b)

5. Exeter

6. Plymouth

7. Newport (al

7a. Newport (b)

8. Cardiff

9. Swansea

10. Gloucester

11. Worcester

12. Birmingham

13 Chester

1 1-. Central Wales

Advanced Class. South Lambeth

Princes Risboro' Swindon (Drinkwaters' Team)

Trowbridge

'vVeymouth . Exeter Loco 1) St. Blazey (Loco)

Newport Dock St. Pontypool Road (b)

Cardiff, Newtown

Jeyland Gloucester vVorcester (Sheet Dept) Stourbridge (No.1)

Ruabon Afol1wen

15 S Wales Docks Newport Docks (No.1)

Beginners Class Old Oak Common Basingstok'." Swindon ( utbeem'5' Team)

Bristol (No.3) \Yestbury Paigntol1

St. Blazey (No.2) Severn Tunnel Jet. Ouakers Yd. (b)

Caerphilly Loco. (a)

Landore Kemble Eyesham

Stafford Rd \Vorks

Oakengates Welshpoo;! (No.1) Newport Docks ( o. 3)

The semi-final which is purfel y 1 t th o'ht best teams or contest to se ec e elt:. Ch llcnO'e Shield and further pct itions for the Dlrectol s a :::>1 b . d' d 1. y Dr R h' th am e J U 0 e u ., prizes, will take place t IS mon k) d Dr § Macormac Connon-Robertson (Team wor an .'

(lI1diyidual ,, ork). The contests ,,-ill be held, as last at Birmingham, \Veston-super-;'lare, London, and port. The daLes fixed for these e\-ents are :\larch 11 th, 18th, 20th and 21st, respectiyely.

:\1r. D. Xash has resigned the Secretary hip of the London A. Ambulance Diyision, \\-hich he ha held for the past t\\TO years, o\ying to change of du t ie. :\1r.. R F. Borrough, of the Chief Accountants' Office, Padd1l1gtoll has been appointed Lo succeed Mr. :\larsh.

TROWBRIDGr::.

A challenge trophy, ({ The Lily Kate Rose Cup, has been gi\Ten for competition to the Tro,, bridge Ambulance Class by ;'lr. G. \V. Rose, a leading tradesman of the town, in memory of his late ,,-ife.

At the first competition for the trophy, \\"hich i lor indiyidual \york, the j ud o·e was Dr. J ea n :\lurray, and the winn e r :\1r. E. Ball, receind the Cup from :\1r. Georg-e Lansdown.

SALTFORD.

A t th e eli tributiOl1 of a\\-ards to members of the Saltford Class on February 5th, :;\Ir. R G. Pole. \\'ho presided, was supported by his assistants, :\1r. H. Peacock and :\1r. C. H. Butler, and the Diyisional Secretary, :;\Ir. \V. F. \Vells, all of whom addressed the class and congratulated the members on the fact that all examinees had been SllCcessful.

;'lr. A hman (Stationmaster) presented a report on the work of the class, thanked the directors and officer for the encouragement the moyement receiyed at their hands, and expressed a hope for an increased class membership in the future.

TEATII

The annual distribution of a\\Tards in connection \\'ith the -eath (General) Class was mad e recently by :\1r. W. E. Baines (Divisional LocomotiYe Superintendent) at an enthusiastic gathering presided oyer by Ur. Dayid Parry (Stationmaster).

The class was congratulated on the fact that alI members presented for examination had been successful, a tribute to the value of Dr. John :Morris's instruction.

Among the awards was the G.W.R Gold Efficiency Medal, won by Ur. J. T. Read, the honorary Class Secretary, who was also the recipient of a gift from the Class members.

SOUTHALL.

The King's Hall, Southall, was the scene of an enthusiastic gathering of railway workers interested in the course of first-aid on the evening of February 12th, when Mr. J. H. Matthews, Chief of Police, presided, and a number of examination and general efficiency awards were distributed by Mrs. 1\1atthevvs.

In the course of his opening address the Chairman, having apologised for the absence of 1\1r. J. Milne, General Manager, referred to Southall as having the larRest and most successful class in the London Ambulance He the members on having atsuch a hIgh standard of efficiency, and also revIew the progress of the movement on the railway generally.

Prior to the distribution of awards Mrs. Matthews was made the recipient of a handsome floral bouquet at the hands of the little daughter of one of the class members, and in a charming speech welcomfd the wives of the members and thanked them for contributinO' to the success of the movement by sparing their for the large number of hours which they devoted to the classes and practices.

The proceedings were interspersed by vocal items and

A I D. March, 1930.

elections by the K. L".R. Orchestra and during the evening- presentations \\ ere made on behalf of the class members to Dr. T. O. McKenna (Lecturer) and 11r. J. GOlby (honorary Class Secretary).

London, Midland and Scottish.

Diyisional comp etition are no\\' \yell in hand an d th rong-hout the last four weeks many reports haye com e to hand, among them the following:SOUTH \Y.\LES DISTRICT.

DInsIox 1\o. 1 (eniors }-Held on l1onda y, February 17th, at the Tom1 Hall, Hereford. The Judg es \\ ere Dr. \\-. Ain lie, :\1. c., and Dr. I. \Y. l\IacGreg or, both of Hereford.

Six team competed and the re ult \ya as £ollo\\'s :_ Blaenavon , 171 marks; Sirhowy, 16-+; Brynma\\'[, 163 · Aberga\'enny Junction, 1 -3; Do\\"lais, 1-+3; Nantybwc h. 137.

The arrangements were by Capt. S. T. Beard, O.B.E and among tho e present at the award of the prizes wer e :\1r. C H. Tate, of Abergavenny, who pre ided, the 1\1ay or of Hereford CUrs. Luard,;'I.B.E.), \\Tho presented the" i r Thomas \Villiams " Chall enge Shield to the winning team , and ::\Irs. Tate, \\"ho kindly distributed the indiyidual priz es to the successful teams.

The first three teams \\"ill no\\" repre ent this distric t at the semi-final comp e tition at Derby in a few \yeek time.

DIVISION No.2 (Juniors) was also held at Herefor d on February 24th. There were eleyen teams, and the r eult was as follows :-Abergavenny Loco. No. 1, marks; Tredegar Traffic, 132t; Hereford (1\Ioorfields ), 131; Abergavenny Junction To. 2, Abergavenn y Engineering :\To. 1, 1281; Abergayenny Engineering o . 2, 120; Abergavenny Brecon Road, 119; Aberga\Tenny Loc o No. 2, Nine :\lile Point, 112; Ynysddu, 1Ol!; Goyil on Engineering, 9n.

Mr. A. T. G. Posnett, 1\1. I. CE., District Engine e r , Abergavenny, presided. The judges were Drs. G. D. E Tullis and J. R Bulman, of Hereford.

A vote of thanks was accorded the judges by Capt. S. T. Beard, O.B.E. (Dis. Amb. Secretary), supported by ;'lr. Lewis Davies.

Miss Duncombe presented the challenge shield t o Abergavenny Loco. o. 1 team. Prizes were handed t o the m embers of the three highest teams by Mrs. S. T. Beard.

No. 9 DrsTRlcT.-Held at Wolverhampton on February 2-1-th and 25th, at St. Peter's Institute. Judge s ,, -ere Dr. G. C Belcher (Birmingham), Dr. J. Jenkins Robb (Bournville) and Dr. Clyde McKenzie (Smethwick).

After each day's competitions the prizes were presented to the successful teams. On Monday, Mr. S Roberts presided (District Goods Manager), and on Tuesday, 1\1r. G A Grimoldby (District Engineer).

The results were as follows, the prize in the second division being won by Ryecroft Loco. from Ruge1ey No.1 on account of a larger number of marks in the individual t e sts :-

First Division: 1, Bescot o I, 2, WaIsall Goods" B," 274; 3, Bescot No.2, 267; 4, Walsall Signal, 26H; 5, Walsa11 Goods « A," 6, Wolverhampton No. 1, 256; 7, Bushbury, 248; 8, Wolverhampton Class, 246; 9, Walsall EnRineers, 232k; 10, Wolverhampton Boat Yard, marks.

Second Division: I, Ryecroft Loco., 279; 2, Rugeley o. I, 279; 3, Great Bridge, 274; 4, Walsall Class, 274; 5, Pelsall, 243; 6, Four Oaks) 242 marks. No. 10 DISTRICT.-Both the Senior and Junior competitions took place at Newcastle, the former on February 18th, and the latter on February 25th.

Ylarch,

1930. FIR

S I D. 237

In the enior eycnt eight teams competed, the Judges being Drs. J. Lindsay Boyd, 1\ I. B., F.RC.S., R. G. 11eyer, :\I.B., B.Ch., D.P.H., f!'>.. P. Spark, Ch.B:. " The result of the judg1l1g was :-1, i\ewcastle A, -+5-1-; 2, Blythe Bridge. -+3 6; 3, Uttoxeter, -+31; -+1-+; =i ewcastle" B " -+01' 6, Burton" B," 396; I, A1sager, 390; Caldon ,( A> 387 marks. The marks obtainable totalled 500.

At the close of the competition the cup and \\"ere presented to the successful teams by :\lrs. G. S. HIll. ,,-ife of Mr. G. S. Hill, General Secretary of the Ambulance movement on the L.l\I. & S Railway.

The Junior competition -was more closely contested, and resulted as follows :-1, Burton "B," 31-1-; 2, Uttoxeter (( B,' 3-+0; 3, Longport" A," 335; -1-, field 334· 5 Blythe Bridge ., B," 321; 6, Longport B, 317 i 7, Ne,,:castle 303; 8) Caldon ". B," 276 n:arks.

The Judges being the same 111 the tests .

At the close of the competltlOn th e prIzes were, 111 the absence of 1\Irs. ;'legaw, distributed by :;\Ir. J. Hollinshead.

K o. 12 DIsTRIcT.-Results of the No.2 Diyision Competitions held on 21st, at Derby, were as follows: 1, N ott111gham, 202; 2, Rotherham 1\Iasboro :\0. 2, 193; 3, Buxton, 189 marks-fifteen teams competing.

Drs. F. S. Hardy, of Sheffield, and A. E. Ainsco\\-, o f ::\lelbourne, ,,-ere the adjudicator.

Prizes w e re distributed by 11r. Balmer, Assistant chief O' eneral Supt. of the line.

1\0. 16 DISTRlcT.-Held at Rhyl, on February 18th, the J udo es being Dr. Morris (Holy\Vell) and Dr. Robert ( Dyserth).

The result 111 Dr\'lSlOn 1 was as fo116\\Ts :

1, Denbigh, 322 marks; 2, Dublin, 29.1; 3, J3hyl 1\Ilxed, )°8' -1- Ban o·or 287' 3 Hoh-head Manne, 2/8; 6, Rhyl _0 b' J) Engineering, 238.

\Yhilst that of Diyision 2 wa : I, Greeu,?re, Ireland. 228; 2, Denbigh K o. 2, 189; 3, M.old J unctlOn), 183; -+, ;'lold Junction TO 2, 158; 5, Dub1l11 No.2, 1-+1; and 6, Carlingford, 132.

Mrs Fisher wife of the Dlstnct Controller, Chester, presented the prizes to the first three in Diyision 1 and the first two in Division 2, and also the Challenge Cup to Mr. J. Bartley, Rhyl, who \vas Judged the best indiyidua1 man of the day.

1'\o. 17 DrsTRIcT.-A ,yell contested competition was held on Thur day, February 13th, at Southport. Fourteen teams competed and the Judges were Dr. Dench (Tyldesley ) and Dr. Clarke (Blackburn) The r.esult was: 1st, Glazebury, 213k; 2nd, Horwich vYorks BOller Shop, 3rd, Chorley, 199. .

1\'[1'. T. Dickinson (Goods Agent, pI eSldec! o\'er the prize distribution in th e unayoldahle absence of 1Ir. G. S. Hill (General Secretary the L.1I.S. Ambulance 1\loyement), 1\1rs. Hill present1l1g the awards to the first second and third teams.

No. 19A DrsTRlcT.-This District the competitions at Blackpool on February 20th, whIle the Judges were Dr. MandaIl Coates, Horwich (team .tes.t).; Dr. Mullen, Blackburn (oral); Dr.. Ne!son

Mr. F. G. T. Adams, Dlstnct Engmeer, Lancaster, presented the prizes as follows: SENIOR-I: Wyre Dock, 2 14§ marks; 2, Preston 3, Christian Road Goods, 203; 4, KIrkham, 19/!; 5, Pl eston Eng., 195; 6, Preston Passenger No.2, 1821; I, Fleetwood, 170},.

-SECOND.-1 Fleeh,, ood To. 2, 21 -1- mark; 2, Lo stock Hall o. I 211; 3: Blackpoo l Carriage and 4 B lackpool Central, 183 ; 5, Wyre Dock, 182 l!, Black Talbot Road Goods, 7, Preston Carnage and Wagon, 148L 8, Lostock Hall No.2, 136.

Xo. 22 DIsTRIcT.-The 1st and 2nd Divisions of this District held their competitions on 1Ionday and Tuesday. February 2-+th and rth , respectiYely, at Carli Ie. The Judges were Dr. Fletcher Drs. Edgecombe and Cockhill of Kendall. EIghteen teams compet111g. The result \\-ere announced as fo11o\\ : Diyi ion 1.1, Oxenholme Loco., 13-+; 2, Carlisle Traffic, 131; 3, Tebay "B" 117.

Diyi ion 2.-1. Carnforth, L. & K\Y., 2, Carli Ie \\Te tern Loco., 1:9; 3, Ha\yes Junction, 156t,

" Daily Mail " Ideal Home Exhibition.

:\ l:RSERIES OF THE l\ATIOXS.

of the most striking features of the" Dail y " Ideal Home Exhibition which opens at Ol ymp ia, London, on March 2+th, will undoubtedly be the "N urseries of the Nations." This series \\Thi ch should pro\'e of great value \, ill include replicas of the nurseries of Holland, Turkey, Hungary, Lapland and Japan as well as an English 1\'urseryof to-day and an ultra-modern nursery of 1960. These proyide anum ber of interestin g contrasts showin a the ideas prevailing in different parts of the in respect of decoration, furnishing, beds, clothes and so forth. Each, of course, has its own characteristics, some good and some bad, judged from the hygienic f

Due no doubt to the extreme seventy 0 the , cl imate and the lack of knowledge concernIng health the Lapland nursery is somewha.t stuffy The Du tch exam pIe on the other han.d IS tionally briaht and attractive being carned out In a typical scheme. of . Dutch tiles .and brasses while a yiew of tulIps In full bloom IS to be seen' from the nursery ·window. The example is carried out in a de.licate, even man ner havin a paper walls, whIle a note of bnght'b b ness is produced in the Hunganan nursery y reason of a somewhat highly coloured Apart from the ae neral interest of the senes as a whole, the most valuable example is undoubte.dly to be found in the ultra-modern ?f t?lrty years hence which the If all the best teachin a pnncipies whIch are beIng so strenuously adv;cated to-day are. realised The ceilin a is made to roll back to admlt the maxlmur:n of fresh air and sunshine while cot IS designed to protect the child from sun and alare of Ii a ht. The furniture consists of a chan table b food trolley with thermometer the of the child as regards the correct temperature of foods, the necessary of vitamin and calories content, cot and chaJrs and tables of the most perfect h yg ienic and laboursaving description.

Our Nurses Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

HER 1\L\JESTY THE QUEEN OPENS THE NEW CENTRAL CLINIC AT REGENT'S PARK.-Through the generosity of Sir Otto Beit) who bore the last one-third of the cost, as well as of that of many institutions such as the Stock Exchange, the banks) insurance companies and approved societies, the new B.RC.S. clinic for the treatment of rheumatism was bl1ilt in a very short space of time. It is hoped that this will be the centre of a chain of similar clinics to be opened throughout the country, all fitted with the latest devices for combatting this scourge of humanity.

On February 22nd) Her Majesty the Queen, attended by the Dowager Countess of Airlie and Sir Harry Verney, graciously paid a visit to the clinic for the purpose of declaring it open. With her came H.RH. the Duke of York, who is Chairman of the Council of the B.RC.S., II.RH. Princess Mary, Commandant-in-Chief of V.A.D.'s and Princess Helena Victoria. Her Maj esty, who was presented with a bouquet by Miss Kitty N eligan, daughter of the Medical Superintendent, was received by the Hon. Sir Arthur Stanley, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the B.RC.S. Among those present were Sir Otto and Lady Beit, Sir Edgar and Lady Horne, and members of the Clinic Committee and staff, Mr. Arthur Greenwood, M P., Minister of Health, the Mayor and Mayoress of St. Pancras, and the Mayor and Mayoress of St. Marylebone.

The opening ceremony was performed in the bath hall where, by turning a wheel, Her Majesty released a valve and let into the bath a flood of hot salt water. Later the Queen accepted a silver model of the wheel as a memento of the occasion.

The Minister of Health thanked the Queen for her presence, and for her deep interest in this work, which affected the welfare of so many of the working people. The rheumatic group of diseases accounted in the case of men for one-sixth of the lost time for which health insurance benefit was paid , and in the case of women for one-seventh. The cost in benefit was £5,000 ,000 a year, and if the loss in wages was added, the sum amounted to £17,000,000. How much suffering this involved, apart from the monetary loss to the nation, could not be measured. It could only be relieved by proper treatment such as institutions equipped on the lines of this one could supply.

A complete tour of the building was then made, the Queen inspecting all the apparatus used in the treatment of the disease. The first floor is given up for treatment by massage, electricity, radiant and non-radiant heat, and ultra-violet light, and Her Maj esty saw a young woman submitted to recurrent waves of electricity. That such a clinic is badly needed is shown by the figures quoted by Sir Arthur Greenwood. The public have once again to thank voluntary workers for coming to the aid of the sick.

THE DOWAGER COUNTESS OF HAREWOOD.-Members of the S.J.A.B. in Yorkshire and those interested in the movement in that are very sorry that Florence, Lady Harewood, has reSIgned the office of Vice-President of the S.J.A.A. (Leeds district), and also that of VicePresident of the Leeds Division. It is hoped, however, that she will be able to be present sometimes at ambulance

E functions, where she will always be assured of a warm welcome.

Lady Harewood has a practical knowledge of ambulance work, and has always kept in close touch with th e V.A.D. movement. During the war, she had a number o f V.A.D. auxiliary hospitals under her control. For man y years the late Lord Harewood was President of th e S.J.A.A. in the West Riding area, and when he resigned. his son, the present Earl, succeeded to the office. A s Vice-President, Lady Harewood gave her husband an d son every support, and her resignation has come as a great blow. The appointment of a successor is in th e hands of the Earl of Harewood.

CANTEENS IN LONDON HOSPITALS.-V.A.D.'s of th e COLlnty of London branch of the B.RC.S. have discovered another way of helping the suffering. They have opene d canteens in some of the London hospitals-at St. George's , King's College, and the Belgrave Hospital for Children , Clapham Road-and are proposing· to extend their schem e to other hospitals. Refreshments are supplied to outpatients and to visitors to the hospitals, while magazine s and papers are also provided. The canteens are run by V.A.D.'s, who take weekly shifts. Many girls who are in business and have little time to spare, give up their halfday holiday eaeh week to the work.

These canteens should prove a great blessing, no t only to the out-patients, but also to the hospitals. Many hospitals do their best to provide light refreshments at a low cost to their out-patients, but it means additiona l expense in the form of wages to the canteen staff unles s voluntary help can be obtained, and it is extremely difficult to obtain regular voluntary help all the year round. Yet the patients, who often come from a long distance , and musl of necessity take their turn to receive medical attention, have often hours of wailing before them on each visit to the hospital. To be able to obtain som e refreshment at a reasonable price is almost a necessity to them. Thus this new movement will be of help to all concerned.

V.A.D. 32, NOTTINGHAM.-The funeral of the lat c Miss K. E. Burrows, O.B.E., who raised this detachment during the war, took place on March 5th. Many representatives of the B.RC.S. were present to pay their last respects to one who had been commandant of V.A.D. 32 from its formation until last year. The County Director, Mr. J. Jardine, attended; No. 36 V.A.D. was represented by Miss Evans; No. 40 V.A.D. by Miss Crooks and Miss Riley; No 64 V A D. by Miss Torrence; the men's detachments by Mr. Robinson; and the deceased ladys' own detachment by Dr. Eileen Clark, Miss Harbidge and Miss Gordon.

Competitions have been held in various parts of the country and the following accounts of tests are to hand:-

S.J.A.B. COMPETITION AT LOUGIIBOROUGII.-SeVen teams competed at Loughborough on February 15th for the honour of entering the District Finals which take place

March, 19 30 FIR ST

at Leicester in April. The test was in First Aid and Home Nursing, and consisted in treating a man who had fallen from a height of 20 ft. and was impaled on a spiked fence. He was suffering from a transverse wound in the ahdomen, fracture of the right femur. and severe hemorrhage on the inner side of the same leg. First-aid had to be rendered, and the patient put to beel and treated until medical help could be obtained.

The results of the competition were as follows :-1, Vaughan College, Leicester, 303 marks; 2, Arthur Faire Leicester, 28n; 3, Hinckley, 277k; 4, St. Mary's, Leicester: 265; 5, Coalville, 6, Sargcnt, Leicester, 2351; 7, Leicester, 223. The judges who expressed themselves as very well pleased with the efficiency of the competitors, were Dr. N. MacLeod, Dr. J. S Symons, Miss McCarthy, and Asst. County Commissioner, G. F. Browne.

S.J.A.B. COMPETITIONS AT 1\IANCIIESTER.- On Saturclay, February 15th, competitions took place among

A I D . 239

SUSSEX NURSING DIVISIONS, S.J.A.B.-A competition was held at Worthing on February 26th to select a team to represent the County in No.8 District Final Competitions. Four teams entered- Eastbourne, Littlehampton, Hastings and Brighton-while Hastings and Eastbourne sent a team of Cadets for the Cadet Nursing CompetitIOn.

The judges were Dr. W. E. Peck and 1\Irs. G. Duke (team test), Lady Dist. Supt. Mrs. Falwasser (home nursing), Mrs. Coley (bed-making); for Cadets, Dr. Dundas McCall (team test), Miss H. May (individual practical), 1\,1rs. Falwasser (viva voce).

Hastings won first place with 413 marks, Littlehamton came second with 362 marks Eastbourne third with 359, and Brighton fourth with 273. Of the Cadets, Hastings was also judged the better team gaining 191 points, whjle Eastbourne obtained 179.

The prizes were kindly presented by Mr. E. A. Richards, Commissioner of No.8 District.

By courtesy]

[ West e E Z'e1I711g B a t- krool.

Blackpool NursingDivision Team photographed with some of their trophies won in recent ambulance competitions. Left to right: 1iss E. Archer (John Mallinson Cup, Skipton, Barnoldswick up, Thomas Veeyers Rose Bowl, Brierfield), Miss L. W. Wright, Miss B. Hall, Mrs. M. E. Cro'wther, l\Iiss H. Braithwaite (Officer), winners of the Royds Cup (Rochdale), Howard Rose Bowl, and Southport Cup.

Ambulance Sisters and Cadets of the orth- Western District at Manchester. The first test was an individual one for Ambulance Sisters) each Division having the right to enter two members. There were 28 entrants. The trophy, the Lytham Vase, was won by a member from Southport, who succeeded in gaining full marks. 81. The two members from Kendal came second and third, the former being only one point below the winner and the latter only four.

The Cadet Competition was a new one, and was open to teams of Cadets) each member of which was to b e under 16 years of age, and to have been efficient during the past year. Todmorden and Preston tied for first place with 149 marks) and further work gave the former victory by one mark. Kendal team, which was placed third, had the distinction of being judged the smartest and neatest team on parade that afternoon.

TnURCROFT NURSING DIVISION.-A whist driye and dance was held on March 1st in aid of the Thurcroft Nursing Division's funds. Members of the Ambulance Division undertook the duties of ·s. During the evening awards obtained at the recent examinations were presented.

At the general meeting of the Division, presided o:' er by Lady Div. Supt. Mr Williams, a very encouraglllg report was given. The Divisional Secretary H. Draper) referred to the growing work of the D1YiSlOn. All the members who sat for the examination had passed. They had attended 36 public duties and had rendered assistance to 32 cases of accident and sudden illness. The membership roll shows an increase of 21 new members during 1929. The Divi ional Treasurer (Mrs. D.ean) presented the balance sheet. In spite of heavy due to the increasing work of the division, the finanCIal

statement was very enco ur aging High app r eciation was shown of the se r vices of t h e Divisional S ur geo n, Dr. G S. L. Kemp, in his instructive lectures, and for the work of the Divisional Officers.

WEST RIDING OF YORKS., MIDLAND AREA S,J.A.B.

CO?IPETITION.-The annual competition fo r Nursing D ivisions in this Area took place at Shipley on Satu r day, Feb r uary 22nd. Five teams entered but, unfo rtunate ly, owing to illness of one of the members, Aberford team was obliged to withdraw, l eav ing two teams each from Leeds Victoria Nursing Division and L eeds Central Nursing D ivision. Dr Ballanger judged the team test and Lady D ist. Supt. Mrs. Birkbeck the uniforms.

The test consisted in treating an old woman of 7S who, while crossing the hearth, caught her right foot in the rug and fell, striking her left shoulder on the edge of the fender. She complained of inability to move the right leg, and of pain in the region of the r ight hip and left shoulder. First aid had to be rende r ed and the patient put to bed and treated t h e r e.

Leeds Victoria (B) team secu r ed first p lace wit h 13 4 marks, Leeds Victoria (A) team coming second with 11 5, Leeds Central (A) team third with 96, and Leeds Central (B) fourth with 93

The Ellison Shield was p r esented to the winners, who will now enter for the Dist r ict Finals as representatives of their Area

Addressing the competitors, Dr. Ballanger said that the wo r k performed had been of a high quality. He wou ld like, however, to see more attention paid to home nu r si n g. There was not so much effici en cy displayed here as in the first aid work, but a good knowledge of this subj ect was essential and most useful.

KINCARDINE SHIRE B.R.C.S. COMPETITION -Four teams met at Stonehaven Town Hall on Saturday. February 22nd, to comDete for the County Challeng-e CUD. T hey came from Stonehaven, Banchory, Banchory-Devenick. and Inverbervie. The results were as follows. the total marks possible being- 500 :- Banchorv 448 ma r ks; Banchorv-Devenick, 44 3 ; Inverbervie, 410; and Stonehaven. 405.

The various tests were in first aid and home nursing', ;:lnd were of a practical nature. Thev were judg-ed by Dr . Middleton Connor, Aberdeen; Dr. David Rorie, Cults; Miss C. D. Ross, Armstrong-'s Nursing- Home; Miss Forester, Abe r deen Sick Child r en's Hospita l ; and Miss Dawson, B.R.C.S., Aberdeen.

At the close of the competition, Viscountess Arbuthnott. President of the Kinca r dineshire V A .D .'s, kindly handed the CUD to the winne r s, congratulating t h em on their success. The judges expressed themse lves as well satisfied with the knowledge and efficiency displayed, and said that it had been a difficult task to p lace the various teams.

B.R.C.S. COMPETITION AT NEWCASTLE.-T h e Dr ill Hall. Hutton Terrace, Newcast le. was the sce n e of a B.R.C.S. competition on Saturday, Feb r uary 22nd. Tea m s entered from Newcastle, D urham, Alnwick, Mo r peth Corbridge, Sunderland and Darlington, to decide w h o should hold the Sir Walter Stanl ey Shield and the Harold Cuthbert Memo r ial Shield for t h e comi n g year. The judges were Major L a r ge, R.A.M C., First Aid; Miss Wool1er, of the Military H os oit a l. Yo r k, H ome Nursing; Miss Cordington, from t h e L ondon H eadqllarte r s, B.RC, S' 'nnifoqns.

Co r b r idge V.A D carried off bot h t r ophies with 740 ma r ks.

Among those p r esent were Admira l Slater, Count y Director, Torth umberland; Miss 'Williamson, Assistan t County Director; and Mrs. Fullarton James, County Secretary

I em s news and co m pe titi on!', soc ial, i nte resti ng du es, lectures, etc.) , fo r t his page s hould b e sen to Ambulan ce s's ter, c/o The Editor, FIRST A ID 46, C a nn on S t. Lond on, E .C.4 Reviews.

ACCIDEi\TS AND El\ I E R GEr-\C I ES

By A. T . Gooding.

Lo nd on: J ohn Ba le, Sons & Dan ie ls on, Ltd. Price IS. net.

This book is intended as an ideal memori er and a quick reference for those already having knon'ledge of first a id.

I t is divided i nto five sections as follows: Pres sure points, arteries and bones; injuries in alphabetica l order wi th s igns, symptol11s and treatment; poisons in a lphabetical orde r wit h signs, symptoms and treatment; importan t memory notes, with detailed index; and (' don'ts" for fir st aiders. Th e book is printed in clear type and is compil ed fr ol11 t h e instr u ctions laid down by the S l. oh n Ambulan ce Association and British Red Cross Textbooks. It should be of great serv ice to those engaged in first aid \.\'ork, and at the lovv price asked it should command a ready sale.

PHOTOG R APHY Sll\lPLIFIED - EXPOSCRE. London: Burroughs Wellcome & Co., Snow Hill Building s, London, E. C.1.

T o those of our reader who take an interest in photography would find that this booklet deals in a simplified yet scientific manner w ith the qu es tion of exposure . A n u mber of typical subjects, showing the main factors governing exposure, are illustrated and form a valuable guide to the photog rapber in classifying his subject. The impor tance of correct exposure is also clearly demonstrated Thi s b oo kl et a lso tOllches on the subject of developmen t and co lo ur in photography, and a ll who desire to impro\'c the ir k n owled ge on this subject, should write to the abo\'c firm, mentio n ing FIRST Am, they wi ll then receive a cop" post free.

A CLASS I F I CAT IO T OF B R IGH T 'S D I SEASE.

By Dorothy S. R usse ll.

Lo nd o n : Hi s Majesty's Stat ione ry Office, a n d Branches. Price 8s 6d. net.

Th e book is one of the laLest p u b lications of the M edical R esearc h Cou n c il. I t d ea ls wit h a s u bj ect wh ic h has a lway s offere d p r ob lems of t h e g r eatest diffic ul ty both to the phys ic ian a nd th e pat h o logist, an d t h e Co u nci l venture to be li eve t h at t h e work h ere p r ese n te d wi ll be of practica l an d a i9. in t h e e1llc i9at io n of t h ese prob lems.

March, 1930.

FIRST

J\mbulance j\(ews euttings ft'om the

T h e Edi tor i n vites to se nd ne wspape r cuttings on matte r of ge ner a l m te rest fo r inc l usion in this colu m n

UFFOCATED DURJ:\'G SLEEP.

A widow, aged 77, who \vas said to be a de\'o ted worker for charitab le causes, was stated by her daughter at a Wa lthamstow inquest to have been addicted to drink.

S h e went out on Monday evening to post a letter, and returned home under the inAuence of drink. Early on Tuesday she was found dead in bed, face downward A ,,'a returned that d eat h wa s du e to asphyxia through bell1g face downwards in bed whil e under the influence of alcohol.-E·vening

L.-\RGE CEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE WITIl FEW SYi\JPTO;\IS

I was called to see a man whose wife sent an urgent message that he was suffering from a « terrible" h eadache I found him em i-conscious ; he vomited two or three times, and "vas very restle s, throwing his arms about.

In reply to my query as to a fall or blo\\', this was denied There wa no inequality of the pupils, and the pulse wa regular, though rapid. I ga\'e him 1 of gntin morphine with atropine 1/ 150 grain; a quarter of an hour later he appeared better, though he was unconscious. I \" as again se nt for in less than an hour, and found him dead.

A.t the inquest evidence was given that he had receiyed an injury about six weeks before. First aid w as administered at the place where he was workin g, and he did not think it necessary to consult a doctor. IIis wife said that after the acci dent -she noticed that his h ea ring \\'as not so good, and that h e comp lained of pains in his head.

On the s urf ace of the left s ide of the brain 1 found a tmck of adhesions about an in ch wide, between the dura and brain surface, extending the whole length, and, opening the left side of the brain substance, an extensi,'c haemorrhage, occupying the whole length, w as re\'ealed.

Since this man w as in good health, not s uffering from any specific disease, and his bra in W flS otherwise healthy, it is difficult to dissociate the hi story of this appa rent trivial injury, "'hich did not gi\'e rise to any serious syl11ptoms six weeks preceding his death. - E.A.C. - Brdislz .1fedical JOUr/tal.

Binding Copies of "F. A. "

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London Ambulance Service.

TIlE ambulance services \vhich have been controlled by the As!,lums Board and by the various boards of guardlans come under the direction of the London County Council on April 1st. These services, together \\'ith the London County Council accident service (hitherto adm i nistered by the Fire Brigade Committee), will all be under the Central Public Health Committee of the Council, and will be known as the" London Ambulance Service » The service will consist of two sections, one the" Accident Section" and the other the" General Ambulance Section," the latter comprising the amalgamated ambulances of the 1Ietropolitan Asylums Board and the boards of guardians.

The fleet of guardians' ambulances comprises 46 vehicles, which it is considered may be reduced to 30. There will be one central call office for both sections, where priority will be given to acciden teases.

Beware of Ex haust Gases.

The danger of carbon monoxide is not fully recognised by all motor users. The Automobile Association, therefore, has issued to all garages holding the A A. appointment a show-card covering a number of useful hints which should be observed by motorists when their engines are running in a confined space. Reference is made to the following ;-

Beware exhaust gases; Exhaust gases of motor vehicles are poisonous; they contain carbon monoxide (C.O.), which is invisible, colourless and odourless, but very deadly; Carbon monoxide does not asphyxiate, but is definitely poisonous and has caused many deaths; Never run an engi ne in the garage for longer than is absolutely necessary; Never run the engine for warming or tuning up unless the doors, windows and other ventilators of the garage are open; \ Varm up the engine or tune it up in the open air rather than in the garage; Maintain the exhaust system in good condition and free from leakage

Copies can be obtained by members of the .A for use in their own garage on application to the Secretary, the Automobile Association, Fanum House, A" ew Coventry -street, London, \ V.1.

The competitions of the ih'e n\'ood Ambulance Class will be held on .-\ pril 5th . Hon. Secretary, Mr. E. Butler, 01(1 Gntc-]ane Whinner Hill, near RothcrlWIll,

Queries and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules;-

1. -Letter.; containing Queries must be trarked on the top left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addresse d -FIRST AID, 46 Cannon-street, London, E C·4·

2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the J0urnal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3. - The Textbook. to which reference may be made in these columns is the 38th 1I9z8) Edition of S J. A. A Manual of First Aid.

TR .-\NSPORT FOR FRACTURED RIBS AND PEL\·IS.

A.B. (Chesterfield).-Please tell me if I should be correct ill arranging transport as for Fracture d Spine (1) with Complicated Fracture of Ribs and (2) with Fracture of Peh is.

There is no reason to adopt with the fractures named the treatment for Fracture of Spine, because this involves special care in preparation for transport and would cause unnecessary delay in removing patient to medical assistance. Further, it a ims at eliminating a risk which is present only with Fractured Spine-namely, the risk of the fr;).gments being displaced and causing pressure on the spinal cord,CORBET FLETCHER.

EXA,IlNATION HOWLER.

S. G. (Cres\yell).-At a rec ent examination in our villag-e one of cand idates was asked how he would treat a girl suffenng from Hysteria. You may perhaps imagine the fun that was caused when he replied: "Give her a cold duck.l"

I g ladly send this, my contribution to your series of Howlers because as an in st ru ctor I find s u c h very useful for driving home the point \\'it h students and because I believe that a point driven home in a humorous way is never forgotten.

Good! Next please ! !- .C.F.

FRACTURES OF FEM UR AND PATELLA.

S.C. (\Vest Hampstead).-Please tell us how we ouaht to treat a patient suffering from Simple Fractures of Femur and Patella, both injuries on the same limb.

The Femur is the more serious injury and dernand s pnoflty 111 treatment. Further, if you treat the Fractured Femur as laid down in Tcxtbook, you will also to all intents and purposes sec ure control of the Fractured Patella. h aving completed this treatment, you s hould apply a tnang-ular bandage round patella and splints and so fix the broken pate lla.-N.C.F.

COl\lPOUND, COMPLlCATED FRA CTURE OF THIGH.

A. B. (Chesterfield).-Please tell me if a Fracture of FelTlUr accompanied by an external wound and involvincr also the femoral artery is a Compound or a Complicated Fracture. We ask your ruling in order to settle a discussion on the point.

Such a fracture is a Compound, Complicated Fracture.

A I D. March, 1930.

A fracture by external wound leading to the broken. bone IS called "Compound " If to these injuri es son:ethll1g else is added as injury to internal or mall1 artery the fracture IS callcd "Compound and Complicated. " The term" Compound" means" mixed or composed of se\'eral items (or injuries) "whereas" Complicated" sianifi es "twisted or plaited together."-N.C.F. :-,

HUMOURS OF FIRST AID.

G. B (Gravesend}.-Knowing your delight in a good stor) I enclose a cutting from the Kent fofessenger which re ads somev:hat as follows :-

"Recently a constable found a young- man lying on a country road and groaning vigorou Iy With Samaritan_ like tenderness he bent over him and tried to extract from him the reason for his recumben t position and for his apparent woe. All the young man could repl y was: "I ate one, too ,. I ate one, too." .'

" Poz'soned" was the constable's immediate di agnosis; and rem embe ring his am bulance training he at once procured and administered an emetic. Th en between his convulsive attacks the patient managed to ask th.e reason for such treatment. On being told and on beIng further prcssed to tell what be llad eaten, he became most unkind in the manner of his reply to the constable. "Eat? IVhat did I eat?" he said, "I /za7Je eaten nothing,l The number of !lze car whiell knocked me down was I 8I2."

Good 1 Next please 1 1- C. F.

CALCIUl\l CARBIDE POI SONING.

H. D. (Burton-on-Trent). -A man, with his littl e daughter in atrel:dance, was filling hi s Acetylene cycle-lamp wi th CalcIum Carbide when the child picked up a piece of the Carbide and swallowed it. I sha ll be pleased to kno w what you consider is the best procedure in such a case _

The clear indication is to make the child vomit withou t a moment's delay, s ince the poison is not an active corrosi ve and is consequently not likely to burn throuo-h stomach ,va ll. Potassium Permanganate has been as the antIdote ; free washing of stomach with draughts of water contall1ll1g this rem edy (10 grams to pint) would ten d to protect patient from the effects of the resulting Acetylen e Gas. For further details see answer g iv en in l ay 1929 issu e of FIRST AID.-N.C.F.

FRA CTURES INVOLVING ELBOW JOlNT.

M. D. (Midlands).-During a recent examination for Associ ation certificates I was surprised to find that candidates Fractures of Olecranon with a right angl ed splmt. The Secretary of the clas s showed me the T extwhich advised this treatment. Surely it is "vrong· With Fracture s of Ol ec ran o n.

Your letter suggests that you ventured to conduct an examination without knowledge of the Textbook on which it was. based, and also that you regarded the candidates as m.edlcal students I-ather than as First Aiders.

The Textbook lay s down general instruction wi th r e ference to the .elbow and-wisely in my opiniondoes not recogl1lse vanatlOns of such injuries, such as Fracture of Olecranon a term which does not appear in th e Textbook.

Manuals of First Aid, introducing intricacies of dIagnOSIs far beyond the capabilities of First Aiders for who se benefit: they were prepared, advise a straight spl i nt, as is

:Ylarch, 1930. FIRST

used with Fracture of Pakll a \\'hen till.. h ead of the ulna (ulecranon process) is broken.

Under these circ llm stances, 1 ulbidl'i' thatllur Textbo\lk i::; stric tly correct and that First \id ers, who do not pretend to be medical student s, hould be taught to use the angu lar splint, except ",h en suc h causes increase of pain to patient whose comfort controls the situat ion.- C. F.

TREATl'IIENT OF CRl'SllED FEET.

H. D. (Sherwood).-In a recent test a young ad \"as suppose d to have met with an accident 100 yards from his hom e and to have had both feet badly crushed.

One team r emoved boots, tied feet together, and then applied padded splints, for which treatment they recei\ ed no mark. Another team remo\'ed boot;, appl ied padded splints and then tied feet together, for which treatment they rcceiyed the full quota of mark.

I shou ld expla in that we were \Yarned that no marks would be gi,·en for wrong treatment; and I shall be grateful if you will expla in this difference, espec ia ll y a I maintain that both tean'lS should lose marks for tying both feet together.

If the feet were t.ied together, I fail to see how the padded spl in ts could be applied quickly and efficiently. So perhap this was the stumhling block. -

\\ 'hile there is no instruction in thc Textbook to tic crus hed feet together, yet I think that such action ,,-ould ce rtainly" support feet" (Textbook p. 78), especially when placl'd "in slightly raised position."-.K.C.F.

OF PATELLA.

\V L. (Bainbridge). - In a recent Association examination one candidate had to trcat a patient for Fractured Patella and applied one bandage only, as laid d )",n in the R eyised Textbook.

The doctor told us that it \\"as wrong to u e only one bandage to control the fracture and was of the opin ion that the procedure laid down in the Textbook does not give sufficient support to the injury. \V e s11all be grateful for your comments on the point.

1\ly sympathics me \\'ith those who regret this alteration In the Textbook. No justification is evident, except that one ha ndage less is required. At the same time, I confe s that in my opin ion no harm is likely to result to pati e nt from the omission of the second bandage, more especially as the lilllll is secured to the supporting splint at the outset nf treatment.

- .C.F.

ARTlflC1AL RESPIIU.TION, J.H. (Dewsbury). - I was much interested in your reply in the February issue of FIRST AID to query of H.S. (Brisbane) about Artificial Re spiration.

An old friend suffers from Rh eumatoid Arthritis, her lower limbs being locked at right angles at the elbow.

I wonder, therefore, what would be the method of Artificial Repir ation to adopt if s h e happened to be asphyxiated. Any movement causes her excruci ating pain.

I am aware that this is almost a uniquc case; but I should be much obliged for your "iew on the matter.

You haye set a pretty problem which the Textbook cannot so:ve . I hope, therefore, that for the sake of the patient an d yourself its solution may never be put into practice.

Clearly the only position, in which with suc h a patient A rtificial Respiration cou ld be attempted, would be with patient on her back. This accomp li s hed, I would try

A I D. 243

\\'ith a Il1ndillCali\lll \,f TIl.l\\arc1..,', a""i"lcd hy Lah \.)r de'.., 11wt11l1d. );.l ·. F

TI{EAL\II, :-:I OF FlW 1'-131 rEo

\Y. :\l. (Trelaw).-In treatment of Fro t-bite the Textbook no\\' warns students the application of moisture in any form. In yie\\ of the time -h onoured practice of rubbIng cold \yater or sofL snow into a frost -bitten part to cncourage warmth and circulation, I should like to kno\\' the reason for this complete c hange of treatment.

Ti me-honoured practices may be based on errors; and succcs ful results may cnsue in spite of ri ky method s, as, for example, cobwebs for \yhich treatment \\ as time -h onoured until it \"a s found out.

The change of treatment fOI· Frost-bite as now laid dO\\'n in Textbook i based on "ome <luthoritatiye conclusions dra\yn from experiences on Arctic ;)'lld P olar Expeditiolls.N.C.F.

TREAT:lIE:-':T OF FR.\cTl'RED PE I.\·IS.

L. S. (Eastleigh) - For treatmcnt of Fractured pine the Textbook tells u s to bandage together thighs, knees, leg, ankles and feet, while for that of Fractured Peh is it tells u s to bandage both knees and a nldes together. Does the Textbook int e nd us to include ankle and feet in a figur e-of- e ight bandage in both cases or in the case of the Fract ured Peh is to pass the bandage round ankles only? \\'e shall be grateful for your rulin g, more especially as the point may gi\·e rise to d o uht in competitions

The point is of no practical importan ce, though I could WIsh that for the sake of consistency the Textbo ok had instructed you in both cascs to handage both ankles a nd feet. P e rsonally under the c ircLlm stances I should accept in a competition either a narrow bandage round both ankles or a Ilgure-of-eight round ankles and feet, alt hough the latter is the mor e sec ure. - N.C. F.

IG:\S OF COLLAPSE.

J. II. (De\\'shury) - Plea e ex plain the differ c nce hl\yeen Shock and Collapse. In a recent competition patient \yas s;).icl to he in a tatc of extreme Collapse. this to mean that he ,,·as uncon cious, \y e learned later to our urprise that marks w e re allo\\'ed for" comforting\yords. "

For purpose of tuiti n it is u sef ul to regard Synco["e, Shock and Collapse as ·arying degrees (on ascending or(l'r of grm'ity) of Depr e , ion of the Syste m. Collapse, therefore, is usually (but not nece ssar ily) acco mpanied by loss of consciollsness.

I n a practical [e, t, ho\\ ·cyer, you neglected to apply YOllr Qualifications a First :'1iders and presumed t bat patient was insensible, although the Textbook does no tell you that with Collapse patient is insensible. You paid the penalty; and n ext time you \\'ill remember that \yith any such patient it well to test the degree d Llncon 'c iou lles5. - 0:. C. F.

Col. R. J. Blackham, D. 0., c. c., has succeeded Col. Sir \\ 'arren Crookc-La\\ less as County Director of the City Bmnch of thc R ed Cro '5 and County Controller of Red Cross Units, City Territorial As oci;).tion.

Red Cross Branch News.

ESSEX 13R.\XCII.- Th<.: annnal meeting was held in London on February 18th) ':\Irs. J. T. \\ 'ig'al1) \ 'icc-Chairmall, presiding.

The repurt for 1929 showcd that progress \\ as still being made, and the testimony of ju dges at the county rally and other competitions was to the effect that a higher standa rd of efficiency was being reached.

The Stanley Shield competitions were helping to maintain interest in the \York; 1929 brought Essex a little nearer full success, Essex \"as represented by a very strong team) drawn from E sex 40) and came in second, but with only 11 marks fe'vver than Flint.

A new form of service) which might possibly develop) ,,'as that of blood transfusion

In regard to examinations, in first aid 262 had obtained certificates, badges or bars; in home nursing, 173; in hygiene and sanitation, 8 1; infant and child welfare, 18; instructors' certificates 5; in a<Jdition, 15 first aid and 49 home nursing certificates had been issued to members of Junior Links. This made a grand total of 6 12 who had pa sed in the , arious subjects) as against 555 last year.

X a hranch of their peace \\ork had been more succe sful than the motor ambulance seryice. Thev had now 15 ambulances under the control of the county with three affiliated ones, and up to the end of September, 1929, they had carried 32, 154 patients The tota l number of cases dealt with by the Emergency Help Fund "\'as 757, of which 573 \\ ere assisted. The grants came to £2,866 6s . Id., and the expenses £172) 16s.

The credit balance of the account stood at £6 Os I d against £259 135. 8d. the year before. The diffe ren ce was due to the failure of Red Cross Day in the Beacontree Diyision and the yery heavy cost of the 1929 rally.

The Lord-Lieut. Brig.-General R B. Colyin) c.B., appeale? to the public to extend even greater suppo rt to the SOCIety, whose work he said was growing enormous ly.

The Secretary (Col. G. H. Coleman) reported that the Red Cross collections in 1929 came to £567 12s. lOd. This was considerably down, in consequence of the receipt at a much smaller sum from the Beacontree Division. In 1928 they had £300 from that district· last year it was only £87

Lady G,,'endoline Colyin was re-elected President and Col. A P. Churchill, of Brent-yood was appointed Count\' Director. -

KEWCi\STLE.-The competltlOns for B.RC D etachments in the County of Northumberland was held on Saturday, February 22nd. at Tewcastle

Those present included Captain and Mrs. Fullartoll James, l\Irs. Noel Villicrs, 1\1iss Batey Admira l 'vv. Slayter) CB., RX, County Dircctor of the British R ed Cross Society in the County of K orthl1mberland was in charge of the proceedings '

The J,udges we r e 11iss Codrington) of the British R ed Cross SOCIety headquarters" L ondon who ca rri ed out uniform Maj o r RA.lvI. C) who judged the fi:st ald dlsplays; and Iv11ss of the 11i li ta ry Ho spital, who made tests m home nursing.

C::orbndge No. 22 Detachment won by 740 marks) and as w.as the county round, they go forward to meet th.e . wml11ng teams of County Durham and the North Rldmg of York shire, on April 5th) at Newcastle.

Corbridge also retain for one year the Cuth bert Memorial Shield, given hy Lady Rayleigh in memory of her husband

All1wick team took second place} l\I orpeth) thi rd pl ace ':\lrs ..\'0c1 \ ' illiers of Adderstone H all) No rthu mb erland, presented the shield and complimented the team s on thei r efficiency.

For the first time) two men's teams, one from H exh am o 15 Detachment, and one from Corbridge No. 13 entered fo r the competit io n.

The Corbridge team won by 770 ma rk s, and on A pr il 5th go to 1\ orthallerton to meet winning teams fr om Cheshire, East and \ Vcst L ancashi r e) Durham, and Y orkshire.

The Jud ge was Dr. Da\'id Grieye) of Heaton.

A shie ld) given by. 'Williamson, of Corbridge, was presented to the \\'1nnmg team by the Judge.

UCKFIELD . - The annual \V ar Office inspection 01 the Uckfield Detachment of the British Red C r oss Soci (:t\· (Sussex 57), took place at the Drill Hall on February 19t11. l\laynard) RA.:'Il.C., inspected the men anel the ambu lance, and aften\ ards \vatched the Detachmen t ;Lt practical work. He congratulated the members on the manner in which they handled the patients, and espec ialiy praised the admirable ,vay the Thomas' splint was d une up Addressing the men at the conclusion) 11ajor Mayn ard expressed pleasure at what he had seen) and added tha t they were a very keen and efficient Detachment. The Detachment were under the command of Captain H Andrews (the Commandan t ), with whom ,vas Mr. F. A. C. Thomas (Assistant Quartermaster). Among those present were Brigadier-General E O'Brien) c.B., CB .E J.P. (the President), :.ur. A Millar (Han. Commandant) ':\1r. C AllIey Ha\\ es (Han Secretary) and E L. \ Vard Petley (Assistant Han. Secreta ry) Brigadier-Gellera l Q'Brien, addressing the Detachm ent , :aid he had a great admiratlOn for the men who, a fte r they had done a good day's work, turned o ut and did something for their country He appreciated the fact t hat many of them had left off work to attend the: parade) and the town should be proud of them. They we r e a real good work.

\\' XXSTEAD .-In the short while that the \ Vanst cacl Detachment has been formed the members, who total 21 offic ers and men) had been on duty during the year for 900 hours and attended 113 cases. The Quartermaster and Hon. Secretary, 11r H. J. Hammond, is) h owever, n ot satisfied and he is pressing- forward his l atest effort-a fund for the erection of a first aid hut at the Eagle Cr oss Roads. In another direction there is the vVomen's D etachment which has been in training since l ast Noye mber. Recently the Detachment had the honour of for ming part of the Guard of H onour to II.M the Qu een During the past year over £60 was raised in Wansteacl f o r Cancer and British Red C r oss Funds.

A further proof of the usefulness of the Detachm ent was sh own all February 25th. Cross ing the footbrid g e at Snaresbrook station a gentleman aged ove r n in ety years slipped and sustained head and should er inj uri es and "vas picked up un conscious. Quartermaster H ammond \\'as quickly on the scene and rendered efficient first aiel.

S in ce the dedication of t he Hors ham Diyi s ion' s ambula nce on O cto ber 21st last, 51 patients ha ve b ee n co nveyed, the ground covered being 1,882 mile s

Certificate is given to Purchasers entitling them to receive by post Med lcal AdVice, from a London Doctor, FREE for Twelve Months.

HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIAN

written by eminent Specialists, Physicians and Surgeons describes in simple language with helpful Coloured and diagrams

WOMEN AND

THE DISEASES OF MEN, CHILDREN,

THEIR CAUSE AND TREATMENT,

with complete instructions on preventative medicine, the science of bygiene, ph) sical culture, He.

In EMERGENCY what would you do in the absence of a Doctor?

What would YOU do :-

Fo r a person if badly burned. For croup. If badl y scalded. If over come by noxious vapours. If clothes caught fire. II s ruck by. lightning. If a person were apparently drowned. If pOIsoned by arsenic, opium or morphine. If exposed to smallpox. In cas e of sunstroke. In case of bleeding. It stabbed or shot. In case of rupture of blood vein. In ca se of heart disease. If a person sudder Iy became insane. In ca>.e of a gunshot wound. In ( a' e tf an Injury to kneecap. Hremotf = hage. Hiccoughs. Heartburn. Pleurisy or Pneumonia. Hives. Hydrophobia. Inflammation of the Bowels. Cons sumption. Ty phdd Fever. N ( uralgia. Painter's Colic. Inflammation of the Eyes. (ramps in the Stomach. Asthma. Abscess. Rheumatism or Gout?

The 500 Illustrati o ns and full-page P late s and the Anatomical Modds sh o wing th e O{g a ns of the Hu mm B ody exactly as they o\' erl ay each other makes the reading matter more easily understood.

Th e re are of subj ects of value to a ll. The muscles, teeth, digestion , hair, food valu e s, Ju Jitsu, phrenology. How to dIagnose dlseas from appearance of head, facf>, tongu p throat, chEst, perspiration, t te A FEW OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED:

First Aid Wbat to Do in Emergencies The Teeth

Influenza, Colds, etc. Treatments for all Skill Diseases The Measles, Mumps How to j{ead Symptoms Infant Wellare

Treating Diseases by Water Sleep. and Hedding, The Expectant Mother

"Herb" Root and Salt R.emedles The Eye, the Ear Happy Motherhood

Corns and Warts The Throat Humrepa l hy Dieting for Disease The Nose lhe Chest How to Treat Accidents

Treatments for Beauty The Heart Neura sthenia

Physical CuI ture The Stom ach The Lungs Pleurisy

ExerCIses for all Purposes The Liver Hygiene, Anatomy, Pbarm acy

YOUNG a nd the e xperienced married woman will find all they want to know made clear.

'The Principles of Nursin g In val d Cookery Surgical Diseases Brain and Ner\'ous Diseases DiseaSES of Old Age Diseases of Infancy The Principles of Pbrenology Shin gled and Bobbed Hair, Diseases of Hair and Head Adenoios, etc., etc.

ThI S work .glves, In SImple language , tbat knowledge our young people need to,day. T his is the information many a good fatbe r deSires to gIve hiS son; b ut he does not know how to set about it.

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WOMEN OVER 40 w ill find their d ifficul ties regarding bealth frankly d iscm sed

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"F.A!' .•..... __ .•. _.- -._ " _

Fjrst Aid and the Special Constabulary. " EFFICIENCY."

IF there is one word of all others that particularly applies to the Special Constable, it is that ".topmost" word Efficiency. Volumes could be WrItten of and around it, but the particular point to which this article refers is that of efficiency in first aid.

It is now an accepted fact that there is a steady increase in the number of Special Constables who arc taking up first aid training, and having in mind that, as a general rule, there is little else in normal times to occupy their time or engage their attention, it is certainly a matter of some surprise to other organised bodies of men, such as the St. John Ambulance Brigade and the Red Cross Society, that it has not in past years been one of the obligations of the Special Constable that he should, before doing any duty in uniform, be the holder of at least the first St. John Ambulance Association certicate. As a matter of fact this is at presen t the position of every new recruit in both the Metropolitan and City Police in London.

And in regard to the question of efficiency? Surely it cannot be said that a first or even a second year certificated man can feel that selfconfidence which the word efficiency implies, and even in the case of medallion and label men in many cases, to my personal knowledge, its meaning is hardly understood. It is only with consistent study and practice in every branch of first aid work that this confidence can be looked for and expected.

Take the case of a Special Constable who finds himself put to work a beat say in a large city or town. It is true that, should an accident happen, the Regular police "\vould in all probability be on the spot almost as soon as the Special, and with the splendid ambulance service that is now maintained, such as for example in the City of London, the casualty is soon taken in hand and cleared off to the hospital. But of what use, if any at all, is the Special Constable with a "once a year" smattering of all there is to be learned from the Manual, in comparison to his colleagues of the Regular Force, who in all probability is perhaps captain of a first class team, competing with the best trained ambulance men in the country.

If only in view of the enormous increase in street accidents, fatal and otherwise, it is most most essential that thc assistance rendered to the Regular Forces should be, from a public point of view, without question, thoroughly efficient, and not such as would allow onlookers to interfere or criticise his actions. I n every instance the man who doesn't know his job is, indeed, a most pitiable object in first aid cases.

A I D. March, 1930.

Personally I suggcst that thc more advanc ed of us must ill fact makc ita hobby, so to speak, if we are to be efficien t in dealing with the thou sa nd and one different varieties of accidcnts, and und er every conceivable circumstance and condition. In the great majority of such cases the St. J oh n Brigade men work undcr much greater advant age s than the Special Constable is called upon to do As an instance, the football field generally fi nd s the same kind of accident. The cinema a nd theatre always have their usual quota of faints an d crushings, whereas the constable has to deal wit h casualties in connection with street brawls an d fights, motor and other vehicular accidents, fir e and the many forms of building and enginee ring accidents, etc.

It is quite obvious that his scope of efficie ncy must indeed be a most comprehensive one an d therefore one that cannot be kept up to any stand ar d of usefulness unless first aid work is carried t o a very high degree of perfection. Books are essen tia l as an aid to this attainment, and in my opini on a monthly journal such as FIRST AID is quit e as indispensable.

Take for instance the detailed tests, on e of which appears in this journal every month. T hen again, those ctnswers to rare and difficult proble ms They represent the meeting point so to speak of the medical profession and the first aid studen tthat point of efficiency where the latter is enab led to get outside the St. John's Manual and think for himself, and where he is able to exchange his knowledge and views with his first aid comrad es, whether they happen to be the Regular Poli ce, Special Constabulary or any other organised b ody of men.

All these advantages are of the utmost va lue to the Special Constable, and it is regretable t hat first aid is not as yet regarded by the authoritie s as the first and most essential part of his training. I have endeavoured, in as short, and as br ief a manner as possible, to show the real meaning of the word efficiency as applied to first aid and t he Special Constable; with a hope that a new a n d practical enthusiasm may be awakened amon gst this splendid body of men, which in time will gi ve the Force to which they belong, the high es t possible place in public opinion it deserv es, especially in Fz"l'st A£d efficiency. - SERGT. C. G. F.MERY. City of London Police Reserve.

A new Red Cross Men's Detachment has been formed at l\Iessrs. Stothert & Pitt, Bath, with a slrength of 2 offi ce rs, ?1 111cI11h e rs, and 29 probationers.

'3 :: The Red Cross Society's clinic for lhe treatment of rheumatism which the Queen opf'n ed recenLly, is novv <l\'a il',hie for treatment, and nppointments arc being- hooked.

YADIL ANTISEPTIC IN FIRST AID

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CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

E DITORIALRoad Patrols

Our "Query" Column s

T h e Association in Canada

Is this a R ecord?

R ise of the B a rb e r-Surgeon s

S .J.A. Brigade District Reporls

P riory for Wales

S. lA. B. Overseas , ."

D urham, Cleveland and Westmorland Dis trict s Ambulance League

H ome Service Ambulance Committ ee

D octors can now make their Own X-r a y Exa minations

R ailway Ambulance

Our Nurses' Pages

Ambulance News Cuttings from the Press

Red Cross Branch News , Reviews

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

Treatment of Dog Bite

Examinat on Howler

Fracture of Bolh Clavicles

Fracture of Lower Jaw

Injuries to Bladder

A Tragic Blunder

Brigade Regulations

Description of Circulation

Fractured Thigh and Crushed Foot

Treatment of Lysol Poisoning

Examination in Home Nursin g

Fracture of Ribs and Drowning

Fracture without Loss of Power

Death from Wound of Leg

Cramp and its Treatment

Letters to the Editor

Detailed Marking Sheet, No, 21

EDITORIAL.

ALTHO UG H onl y started a few ROAD y ears a go, road patrol work has PATROLS. becomeoneof the most important duties undertaken by ambulance men and women, during the summer month s

Each succeeding year emphasises the g reat importance of this work and this y ear is not likely to prove an exception.

According to accounts alread y to hand, man y districts have increased the number of stations or roads to be patrolled, b y 2 5 per cent.

This duty started with a roadside hut, tent or some other such structure bu t no w these have be e n improved upon and members al s o patrol the roads on motor-c y cles with side-cars and on bic y cles.

1\Iajor E. W. Paget writing r ecentl y in Til e T 1.1neS, stated that "motor-ambulance s and first-aid stations are, under modern conditions, as indispensable to the traffic on the roads, as lifeboats and rocket stations, to the traffic on the seas." Those who know of the number of cases which are dealt with annually on the roads of this countr y , will heartily endorse 1\Iajor Paget's statement.

But do the "users of the road " realise and appreciate the amount of money spent on their behalf and the enormous number of hours of voluntary service gladly g iven by the members of ambulance movements throughout the countr y , to this great work?

Why should not the motorist contribute a Ii ttle towards the cost of replenishing the first-aid boxes and dressing stations, which are placed on the roads for their use?

It is not o-enerally known that such stations, etc., are not t con trolled" and that all the work done is entirely voluntary.

In this respect some scheme might be devised whereby the various automobile associations and

A I D. April, 1930.

April, 19 30. FIRST

authorities, could, when sending out the notices of expiration of mem bershi p, enclose a slip, stating the w ork don e by the local first-aid contingent and suggest th at a dona t ion be forwarded to the person i n c harg e T h e re mu s t be hundreds of motorists who would be o nly too pleased to s end, sa y 2s. 6d., towards the cost of this grand work, if they only knew where to send. Ambulance secretaries could also get into touch with their local motor club, the secretary of which, we feel sure, would co-operate towards helping to relieve the financial burden.

Those, who week after week, give gratuitously of their time to this work, consider themselves amp ly repaid by the fact that each year many lives are saved, by the prompt attention given on the spot whe re the accident has occurred; but a little encourage men t of the right kind, by the" users of the road," would be greatly appreciated.

\iV E feel that we cannot let this OUR (' QUERY" month go by without a comment COLUMNS. on our '( Query" Columns, which are a most important feature of this Journ a l.

For the first three months of this year we have answered some 40 queries, but the record is held by this month, because s ince the March issue, we have received over 20

I t is grat if yi ng to note that our readers are taking such interest in the First Aid Movement and we sha ll always be only too pleased to do our best to solve their difficulties as they arise.

Readers should, however, bear in mind, that answers to their queries cannot always be accommodated in the immediately following issue, as Dr. Fletcher is a very busy man and many of these queries cannot be replied to off-hand. Dr. Fletcher, however, endeavours to attend to all queries in strict rotation.

,!-,he Finals the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade and Nurs1l1g w ill be held at the Great Central Hotel, London, on Fnday, May 9t h. Applications for tickets shou ld be made to the Secretary, St. J01111's Gate. , e

J the.close of a course of L ect ur es on First Aid and urslng given to the Women's Section of the Wanstead (Essex 57), B. R. C., a presentation was made to Mr H J Hammond, Assista nt Commandant of the Men's Se t' '.' n:>cognition of his va lu ab e serv ices, cIOn, 111

T he As s oci a ti o n in Canada.

THE General Executive Committee of the Canadi an Branch of the St. John Ambulance Association and Colonel Charles Hodgetts, their energetic Direc to r General, are to be congratulated on the excellent Twentieth Annual Report which has just be en published. From it we learn that the year 19 29 was the most successful in the history of th e Association, with the exception of some of th e "W Y " h ar ears w en returns were abnorma ll y stlmulated by the troops and V.A. D. 's who recei ved instruction in First Aid and Nursing before proceeding overseas.

The total number of certificates issued durin g the year was close on 10,000; and, more pleasi ng still, new records, totalling more than 14,000, were created for re-examination awards. Indeed, th e closing year of the second decade of the Canadi an has been one of marked progress and fu ll y Justifies the statement that the Canadian Branch is a real factor in the health activities of the Dominio n both educationally and practicall y . '

As with the Association At-Home, so with its Branch in Home-Nursing does not figur e as largely 111 Its annual returns as it should, a fact since in importance in many respec ts It ranks higher than First Aid and is a subjec t which every young woman should learn before sh e enters upon the duties of life. For the same reaso n Report the importance of teaching Firs t Ald and Nurs!ng the medium of the Bo y the Glrl GUldes and other similar organisatlOns no less than in the public schools.

Death .takes its toll; and the Report pa y s generous tnbute to the late Dr. F. Montizambe rt who as first President of the Canadian Branc h rendered most valuable assistance in the earl y organisation and development of the Branch an d whose name is immortalised in the Dominio n Championship Trophy, presented in his term of office.

Competitions in First Aid and Nursing ar e popular features in Canada; and the Directo r General, who accepts personal responsibility for judging. these contests, year after year makes a tour last1l1g three months through the Dominion In 1929 these Annual Competitions were found to hold the interest of an ever-increasing number of both Senior and Junior Certificate holders a fac t which the Executive Committee records prid e and pleasure.

'Wherever the British Flag flies, there stan d the Order of St. John and its Departments. S o this Report closes with a graceful reference to th e appreciation of the work in Canada on the part o f

This is a happy omen for the future Slnce It shows that the chain, which bind s the Order At-Horne and Overseas, is strong an d

ab le to withstand the shock of petty differences; an d, as far as we are concerned, FIRST AID will alw ays strive for closer and still closer co-operation.

Is Thi s a Record ?

NO WADAYS it is all the rage to be able to boast of hav ing the record in some way or other, and the ac companying illustration shows the awards gained by Mr. Fred G. Harwood, who commenced first aid wo rk at the age of 18, which we think will be hard to beat. The awards are as follows :-

Margin consists of 24 St. John Labels from 1907 to 1930.

L. & S.W. Railway Comp et ition, Silver Me dal, 1st, 19 20

B R C.S. Merit Medal.

B . R.C.S. War Service Medal.

B R C.S. Proficiency Medal for Hygiene and Sanitation.

Queen Mary 's Auxiliary Hospital, Roehampton, Service Badge.

As is well known, Mr. Harwood is the author of "Questions and Answers in First Aid," " Questions and Answers in Home Nursing," and " First Aid for Footballer s and other Athletics." Over 13,000 of these booklets have been sent out to all parts of the Empire in five years.

We shall be pleased to receive full particulars from any reader who can beat this number of awards gained in first aid work, together with a list of awards.

Rise of the Barber=Surgeons.

In the twelfth century medicine was separated from surgery and the latter was abandoned to the ignorant laity. The surgeon was little better than a servant to the ph ys ician , who judged and directed when surgical operations should be performed. The surgeon u sed his knife and did what was required in visiting, etc., under the direction of the master.

After the close of the thirteenth century, up to which era the Saracen learning prevailed, the science of anatom y had made no advance since the time of Galen. Di ssections of the human body took place at Bolo gna in 1300, and the father of modern anatomy was Mondino, who taught in Bologna in 1315.

On September 10th, 1348, the Chancellor of the University of Oxford put the University seal on the Craft of Barber-Surgeons, who became of the same fellowship and continued as one society up to 1500, when the Knitters of Caps were united to them. They lived without any charter till 1675, when they received a charter from the University.

L. & S. VV. Railway Competition, Bronze l\fedal, 2 nd, 192 2 , with Bar for 1924.

Medallion No. 93055; February, 1905.

Southern Railway Gold Medal for 21 years, 1925.

L. & S.W. Railwa y Bronze l\ledal for 10 ye ars, 1920.

St. John Home Nursing Pendants, 1920, 19 26-7-8.

British Red Cross Society's 2 years' and 5 years' Service Badges. . , Serving Brother of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem (Centre).

B R. C.S. Proficlency Medal for Flrst Ald.

B. R.C.S. Proficiency Medal for Home Nursing.

In 1540 the Comp a n y of Barbers and Surgeons were united as "the Commonali of Barbers and Suraeons in London. " The barbers were restricted b from performing any surgical operatlOn, except drawina teeth, and the surgeons had to abandon 5 shaving and trimming beards. Physlclans were permitted to practi se surgery.

But surgery was to receive many improvemen ts, and one of the first to effect some was Ambros Pare, a French surgeon. He was born. of poor parents and was an apprentice th",e prov1I1cial barber surgeons. He was born 111 1.)1.0. He made a great hit when h e protested agalf:st the pouring of boiling oil into every amputatlOn. or wound in order to check hcemorrhage. He applied ligatures instead and saved pa.tients fron: great torture. Pare had an extraord1l1ary practlce and success.

April, 19 30.

Brigade Dzstj/zct Reports.

No. I ( Prince of Wales' ) D istrict.

CRICKLEWOOD.-The annual dinner of the Cricklewood Division was held on Saturday, March 22nd.

Major Leakey (Divisional Surgeon) presided. Amono those present were Asst. Commissioner and Mrs. Warre; District Officer Claradge, Supt. and Mrs. Hart, Capt. and Mrs. Journet, and Dr. and Mrs. Bridges.

After the had been Div. Supt. Hart proposed the Pnnce of Wales's DIstnct."

Asst. Commissioner Warren replied and gave a short account of the Western Area, which had increased its membership from 600 members to 1 379.

Officer Claradge prop'osed the toast of the II Cncklewood Division." He congratulated them on the good work done during the past year.

Major Leakey acknowledging the toast said that Capt. Journet, who had been them for some years, and had .largely helped to bUlld the Division up to its .present. hIgh standard, had retired, but they were fortunate gettmg Supt. Hart to take over the reins of the DiviSIOn.

The silver cup, given by 11r. Grossman, had been very teams .entered and Sergt. Barden's team wIth 253 pomts, were adjudged the winners. The efficiency cup h.ad been a:varded to CorpI. Chalmers, for the third year m succeSSIOn.

Supt. Hart then asked Chairman to present to Capt. Journet, a gold wa.tch,. whIch had been subscribed for by of PIvIsIon, as an appreciation of his good work m the DIVIsIOn.

Capt. J ournet, on rising to reply, was greeted with cheers. He thanked the members for their gift and urged them to support Supt. Hart and so keep on \;I"ith the good work.

After the toast ?f II The Visitors/' the room was and the remaInder of the evening was spent in a very Jolly dance.

S.ouTHALL.-The Southall Ambulance and Nursin o' DIVIsIOns S.JA.B. held a .church parade on March 23rd.

The assembled In Adelaide Road and were lead by the Gas LIght and Coke Company's Southall Prize Asst. Con:missioner S. J Warren headed the roceSSIOn, by Supt. J E. Taylor, Amb. H. S. Kmg and J W. Turner, the latter being in charge of Officers and representatives of the surroundIng DIVIsIOns also attended.

.At the corner of the Lady Margaret Road th cess t b h '. , e pro- IOn me. y t e ursIng DIvision, under Lady Amb MISS GIbbs and the Cadet Nursing Division unde; ady Supt. l\IISS Coleman the total number parade bemg 150. on

A large number of the general public were present at th e church and among those present were Drs A B aBd W Ch Seccombe (Div. Surgeons), essrs. ard F. Webster. A special service was arranged by the VIcar (the Rev S MY) h d b h oung w 0 aSSIste y t e Rev. F. Roberts and the RAE D Abbertanson. ev.

Rev. F. Roberts gave the address and d statIstIcs of the London Street Accidents as h th 1 d' emp aSIsIng- e va ue an of the work of the S J A :B

The o.f£e.rtory was dIVIded between the District ASSOCIatIOn and the Southall Hospital Fund. g

The parade was inspected by the Clergy, who congratulated them on then smart appearance. Asst. Commissioner Warren, before dismissing the members, congratulated them on the excellent parade and thanked the VIsiting Divisions for their support.

.No. ROAD, L.N.E.R.) DIVISION -A danc e 111 aId of DIVISIOnal funds will be held on Thursday, May 1st, at ConstItutIOnal Hall, Green Lanes, Harring ay, .-t. TIckets, 1/6 each, exclusive of refreshments may be obtained from Amb. Officer H. H. Dye, 121, The 'Aven ue Tottenham, N., or of any member of the Division.

No. 2 District.

AYLEsBuRY.-The Mayor (lVlr. Rupert East) presid ed at the annual meetIng of the Aylesbury Division on Mar ch 19th.

In his annual report for 1929, Supt. M a rshall said a ye.ar's work had been accomplished. Pu bhc dutIes. had aga1l1 made considerable call upon the ti me and serVIce of the 362 calls being answer ed. The transport of 1l1vaJIds and accidents (259 cases) call ed for conSIderable sacnfice; 86 of that number bein <Y aCC Idents and 173 invalid removals, causing a mileage bby the motor ambulance of 3)252 miles.

All the members again in passing the annual Not a smgle member had fail ed to pass hIS exam1l1ation for the last seven years

Thanks were extended to all friends and subscrib ers for theIr help during the past year.

motor ambulance had increased the mileage fro m 2,1;)2 mIles I!l 1928 t? 3,252 during 1929.

He speCIally deSIred to thank Mr. W. Rouse for his gIft of a complete oxygen outfit, which was carried on the ambulance use in case of urgency.

The finanCIal statement showed a balance in hand of £69.8s. 2d., and thanks were tendered to all helpers] inMr. de FrameJ whose efforts resulted in rai sing £J2 from 80 new subscribers.

The Mayor said the reports no doubt showed the effiCIency of the Brigade.

Mr. G. J Thrasher, chairman of the County CommIttee, .sald the Aylesbury Division record would bea r companson WIth any other Division in the county. Th e fact that average number of miles per case worke d out at 12, p01l1ted to the tremendous use of the ambulanc e.

Supt. that Major P. G. Darvi1-Smi th, the CommISSIOner, had asked him to congratula te the DlvIsI.on on the most wonderful year's work that ha d been car ned out last year.

Mr. Scott-Evans, the County Secretary briefly addressed the and the usual votes of' thanks concI uded the bus1l1ess.

BRISTOL.-The Lysaght Division of the City of Corps, S.].A.B. held their annual supper and smokl11g at the Institute. Nearly 90 memb ers and ffIends spent an enjoyable evening

Supt. M. R. Fair presided and among those present were Dr. Norman Burgess, M.D. (Corps Surgeon)' Corps 1; . Cotton) M.B.E.; Mr W H. D. CSt. V1l1cent s Works Manager), and Messrs. J. c. Rome and H. C. Dayer.

Amb Officer Hopkins repo r ted on the work done dur -

FIRST

ing the past. He desired to convey to the board of dIrecto rs, through the members of the management present, the keen appreciation of the Division for the support of the firm.

:Mr. 'vV. H. D. Glads t one said that hc would see that the mcssage of appreciation from the members reached the board of direc tors

Cpl. W. T. Bryant, as one of the first to join the Diviat its formation, presented a bouquet to Mrs. Fair as a token of esteem and appreciation for the interest shown 111 the Division.

Corps Supt. A. Cotton expressed his satisfaction with · the progress of the Division. As for the City of Bristol Corps, it was second to none in the kingdom, and the tra nsport department had dealt with over 1,100 more cases tha n the previous year.

Supt. Fair thanked the members for their continued loyal support.

Music was supplied by the St. George String Quarte tte.

No . J District .

The County Competitions for the \Vor cester Shield and to eliminate a team for the Dewar Shield to represent \Vorcestershi r e at the District Competition was held on Sa turday, 1\larch 15 th .

The inclement weather preyailing did not damp the a rdour of a goodly number of interested spectators to witness a very keen contest between thc representative teams of N orti!. 'vVorcestershire Corps, Lcnch ' s] the Dudley and District Corps, Stourbridge, and a team from )'lalvern Division A very difficult test was arranged by the judge, Dr. Henks, of Birmingham, and the individual tests were co nducted by Dr. Lyn es, also of Birmingham.

At the conclusion) Dr. Henton White gave a very lucid explanation of the nature of the case, and how he expected it to have been tackled. The result was announced by the Assistant Commis ioner, \\·ith Stourbridge as winners with 220 marks, Lench's 209, and 1\lalvern 18I.

The ambulance arrangements undertaken by the capable Corps Secretary of North \ Vorcestershire Corps (.!\Ir. Lightfoot), Corps Supt. Ollis acting as timekeeper. Refre hments were sen'e d in the canteen, and thanks expressed to 1\1r. Lench for his great interest in the ambulance movement.

HUGGLESCoTE.-Coalville Division, S.].A.B., has lost a valued officer by the death of 1\1r. George Brindley, of Hugglescote, ,\ho, for some years has been the Hon. Secretary and was well-known among ambulance men throughout Leicester hire.

The funeral took place on Saturday, March 29th, and ambulance men and nurses, under the command of Supt. E. G r ee n, marched in the procession.

They also formcd a guard of honour at the cemetery and at the '1\ eslcyan Church, wherc the first part of the sen ice was conducted by the Rev. S. Atkinson. 1\lembers of the Ambulance Di\' ision acted as bearers.

Floral tributes included those from the Ellislo\yn Co lli e ry ambulance class, Hugglescot.e Horticultural Society, Nursing Sisters of the S.JA.B., 1\lidland 1\lining; Officials' Association, officers and fellow-members of the Coa lyille Division) S.].A.B.) anel the officials of K o . 1 pit, Ellistown Collieries

PETERBOROUGII.-The Peterborough Division of the St. ] ohn Ambulance Brigade, has) according to the an nual report, added another useful year to its Th.is Divi ion was formed in 1913 and a Nursl11g Dr\'1SlOn 111 1915. After the war, tho e who were left of the original hrio'acle r et urn ed and devoted their attentions to ambulance among their fellow citizens. It not, until 1928 that the Division became an Important umt 111 the life of the city of Peterborou g h.

A I D. 255

During last year the members were called upon to perform more public duties than enr before. Members also football matches, point to point races sports meet1l1gs and many other such events. A large number of cases were also dealt ',vith during" Civic Week." Unfortunately, funds are very low and an appeal to the public has been issued.

The strength of the Division is 57, includin<Y officers whilst the Kursing Division number 4-+.

During 1929 the Division ,vas asked to train the men attached to the new Corporation ambulance.

No. 4 D istrict.

_ Eight teams competed at Preston on Saturday, April Jth, to select t he one to represent the No. 4 DiVIsion of the St. John AmlJulance Brigade in the final for the Dewar Shield The examiners were Dr. ]. Mackenzie, of St. Annes, and Dr. Stuart Holden, of Preston.

The resul ts \vere :-1, Crewe, marks; 2, Brierfield, 220; 3, 4, Horwich, 5, Barrow111-Furness, 6} Darwen, 7] Castleton, 142!; 8, Lancaster, 86.

The winners take the" Tweedale" Shield to hold for and the runners-up the" Southport" Cup, the indIVIdual members of each of these teams receiving medals.

1\IAccLESFIELD.-The annual social and dance of the Macclesfield Ambulance and K ursing Divisions ,vas held at the :'lartineau II all, J ordangateJ on \Vednesday, April 2nd, the l1ayor (COu11cIllor ]. 1\icol) presiding. He was supported by the llayoress (l1rs .J: icol), Lieut.-Col. and :'lrs. Challinor, of Stockport) and Supt. J. H. Bingham.

The l\layor said the Brigade had always done good work in the to\\"11 and hope that \';hen the flag day came round the public would support the effort.

Lieut.-Col. Challinor said although it ,,"as the first time he had been to 11acc1esfield he had heard much of the good work the Divisions were doing. He ,,"as glad so many ladies \\ ere interesting themselves in the nursing section, and he felt that in Macclesfield they could organise a good cadet brigade for the younger members, who would takc the places in years to come of those who were now doing the work.

Certificates, vouchers, medallions} etc., were then presented.

Dancing was aftenyards enjoyed, the l\1.c. being l\Ir. G. Stevenson. Refreshments were sen'ed by .l\Iesdames Allen) Bennett) Appleby and Fawkner.

A "ote of thanks to the .l\Iayor and Mayoress and Lieut.-Col. and Mrs. Challinor was proposed by Amb. Officer E. Clarke, 1\1r. T. .l\Ioore seconding.

LYTHAM ST. ANNEs.-The annual meeting was held 011 1\larch 28th, 1\1r. A. E. Smith presiding.

Supt. George Colley stated that they were patrolling five miles of road, at \Varton and To rth Drive, St. Annes, 32 cases being treated last year. The duties und erta ken by the Diyision numbered 391, and the recorded cases treated 210. CpI. A. Cartmell had carried off the rc Hill " prize for the best case of first-aid rendered in the Fylde area during the year, 1928.

The report of Amb. Officer 11iss Dixon on the N ursing Division sho,ved that in the examination they had 75 l1c cesses and only three failures. Amb. Officer Mrs. Fielding had won the Officers' " Peace" Trophy , and Amb. Si ter E. Steele, had won the rc Lytham " Vase in the individual competltion for members.

Sergt. A. Grundy, the Secretary, said progress had been well maintained, and during the year they had been extremely indebted to .l\Ir. R. 1\1. Stothert for his gift of a first-aid hut which had been erected at 'vVarton.

Ald. Critchley, speaking- of the patrol duty, undertaken by the Division, described their work as wonderful.

No. 5 District.

CLEEynoRPEs:-The Cleethorpes Division held a prize IJresentatlOn evemng on Saturday, March 22nd in connection vv'ith the" Fisher:' Cup Competition held J recently.

1\1r. Rhodes (Chamnan of the Cleethorpes Council) and he was supported by Lieut.-Col. FisherJ Supt. Supt. Gott and officers of the Grimsby DiviSlO11 as well as officers of the B.R. C. Socicty (Lincs. 36).

The first part of the programme was given over to an excellent concert} under the dircction of Mr. A. Osborne, the artis.ts being greatly appreciated.

1\1r. Rhodes, 111 the course of hIS speech, spoke very hIghly of the work done by the Division under the leadershIp of Supt. Paddiham, and exhortcd the members to to it.

Mrs. :'Vas then asked to present the cup and prIzes to the wmnl11g teams. The cup was handed to Pte. Capper, captain of the winning team, and then he apd the remall11ng. four (Ptes. Shakespeare, Colebrook, 1< ewster and 1\lan;;field) were each presented with half-aknj;,es. ,Tw?, teams tied for second place, B and I eam. E, under the captaincy of Pies. JJ1 ay and Rose respectIvely. Each of these men received a very pretty cruet.

Lieut.-Col: on the competition, said that he had gIVen hIS on the night the cup was and now only wIshed to add that he realised the full value of team co-operation. On the whole the work was yery cyeditably done, and the aim was for it to be as perfect as It could be.

Supt. Paddison made a surprise presentation-a set of pastry and server, to Officer Fletcher as a mark of .appreCIatlOn for his extra work in coaching in home nUL S111g a number of .men of the Cleethorpes Division.

Mr. Fletcher sUltably replied.

Supt. extended congratulations to Commandant EllIS on the splendid achievement of the B.R.S.C. 36) in again winning a cup which was for open competltlon.

He then he intended to present to the DlvlSlon. a trophy for md1VIdual competition (to be comfOl and the news was received with great applause. I hIS was renewed when it was made known that. Mrs. EllIS would give a prize to the member who won thIS trophy.

After refreshments had been served, Supt. Gott prevouchers .the men who had recently been e-exammed. The remal11111g part of the evening was left 111 hands of Pte. Corbey who ve ry ably provided dance .nUSIC.

, RIPLEY.-The heavy list of awards distributed on March ?2nd, Council Schools, Ripley, to membet s of DlvlslOn, again testified a successful year of tra111mg.

Some two hundred members and friends sat down to the annual tea.

Mr. J. Bircums!1aw presided and among those present were Mrs. and MISS Bircumshaw Mr H H H I (Manager, Ripley Colliery), and Mr Cm,F ffanbury, Mr. VV. Mellor, Officer G. Johnson a'nd S'upt p' I aylor.

Complim.enting men on their progress, the Chairlyall the Importa!1Ce of ambulance work in t 1e ml.nes. The new Mmes Regulations which will come 111t? force on AprIL 1st, he continued) 'necessitated app01l1tment of a ambulance man to be Ill h charg e o.f the first-aId room. He also enumerated many ot er, reqUlrements as d0:'Vn by the new regulation. he number of aCCIdents In the mines of the Ripley last year were about the same as in 1928 but as t e. tonnage was considerably greater, there was 'a pel centage per thousand tons. Mr. Bircumshaw appealed

A I D. April, 1930.

to the young men to take an interest in ambulance work Supt. Taylor, he thought, a most efficient officer and was greatly helped by members of the Brigade. Afte.r the presentatlOn .of a.wards there foIIowe d a WhI.St up to 9 p.m., thIS be111g foIIowed by a dance untIl mIdmght.

!,he arrangements for this enjoyable gathering were carned out by Supt. P. Taylor and N.C.O.'s.

SH.E!FIELD.-The first round of the rc Dewar" Shield competltlOn for the Southern Area of the West Rid ing was held on Saturday, March 22nd, at Sheffield.

Teams from Sheffield, Wakefield, Rotherham, Worsborough, Wombwell E1secar and Tankersley Womb well being adjudged the winners. }

Capt. 9. F. Buxton Assistant Con:missioner, presIded,. and Judged umforms and eqUlpment, and the first-au work was Judged by Div. Surgeons Dr. J. Kea}Walker amI Dr. J. Crook, both of the Rotherham Corps.

SKIPToN.-Teams fro111 the Skipton and Keighley Distncts competed at ?kipton Drill Hall on Saturday, March 22nd, f?r the VIscountess Mountgarret " Cup.

The practIcal test was the treatment of three men who been ured in a quarry accident by a fall of rock. The competltors ,\Jere told that the quarry office, with telephone, was fi.fty yards away, and the hospital, with ambulance, two mIles away. An ambulance box and stretchl!r could be had at the quarry office. The wounds were lacerated wound on the left side of the head about the ear on one patient, who also complained of great pain in the and he was unable to move either leg. Another pat ient had the left arm bent and laid on the chest with the arm deformed at the elbow, while from the right arm blood was supposed to be issuing in spurts. A crushed righ t hand, WIth the first and second fingers lacerated and exposed. to .bone were the injuries of the third patient. The tllne 1111l1t for the treatment was 30 minutes.

The were as follows :-1, Keighley" A/' 244 marks; 2) KeIghley No.2, 220; 3} Skipton "A" 214J,' 4 Skipton rc B/' 17 1; 5, Haworth, 135. ,-, ,

In the unavoidable. absence of Col. yv. Scatterty, 0 f I'-.clghley, the presentatIOn was made by Supt. F. VlTiddup (Barnoldswick Corps). He was supported by Supt. W. Reynolds, of the Skipton Brigade.

" Sergt Waterworth received the cup, and Supl. \V Iddup saId that was the fourth successive occasion that the Keighley " A}} squad had won the trophy. He C011the111 and felt sure that the runners-up wer e not g0l11g to allow them to retain the trophy another year.

The arrangements for the competition were carricd out by the officers of the Skipton Division.

yvi\KEFIELD.-The Wakefield Division, S.J.A.B., held the mter-team. competition. for the " Roe-Jagger}J Cup and a presentatIOn of first-aIr awards in the Railwayme n's Ambulance Room, Park Street, Wakefield, which was kindly lent for the occasion.

Dr. Fogerty was the judge, the Division beine" in the charge of Supt. Gray, assisted by Amb. Officer Smilll , II.S.B. The competitions were witnessed by members 0 ( ambulance classes. Three teams competed, and ill addItIon to the team test, each competitor had to under go an individual and viva-voce test.

doctor gave out ,the result of the competition and J1l hIS remarks agrecd that the competitors were COl1vcrwith the text-book, but when called upon to apply theIr knowledge) under make believe conditions· as was cust<:)111ary. in competition work, they showed a' lack of detaIl, wl11ch could only be remedied by constant practic e.

test been one to prove the men's ability of artifiClal respIratIOn, as he had found by experience with amclasses, that the ins t ructions respecting the exact paS1 tIOn of the hands, when applying pressure to the chest,

April, 1930. FIRST

was in most cases far too low to have the desired effect.

Cpl. J. Waker's team were declared the winners with 112 marks; Sergt. II. Bower's team, 103 marks, 2nd; StaffSergt. Kellett's team) 92 marks, 3rd; Pte. Sutton was awarded the prize for the best individual work.

In the unavoidable absence of the Mayor, Councillor C. W. Cudworth presented the prizes. He advised all men to continue their good services to the public. In handing each member his award, he gave them a word of encouragement

Supt. Gray moved a vote of thanks to the doctor and this was seconded by Amb. Officer W. Smith, who acknowledged the ,great debt ambulance men owed to the doctors

Thanks were also extended to Councillor Cudworth for his attendance

Supt. Gray outlined the activities of the Division. The membership had risen from 27 to 57, and 679 drills had been held. 1)47 publie duties had been attended, the number of cases being 349, whilst 37 had been taken to hospital. .

The. meeting .terminated with a general discussion on road patrol duties during the coming summer.

No. 6 District.

The final rounds of the Ambulance and Nursing competitions of the No. VI were held on Saturday, March 22nd, the venue be1l1g Westgate Road Schools, N ewcastle-on-Tyne.

The number of interested spectators was larger than usual and they were rewarded by an aften-:oon f.u ll of interest and not without amusement, the tests 1l1cludmg an hysterical woman and an excited dog as deterrents to the treatment by competing teams.

The results were as follows:-

District Silver Challenge Ccntral Division, points; 2, Darl111gton DlvislOn, 28n; 3, ewcastle City Division "A" Team, 263; the judges being Drs. Pallett and Harrington. .,

" Col. F. W. Gibbon" Bowl.-1, Consett and Dlstnct Division, 282 points; 2, City Division ':B." Team, 265; 3, Scarborough DIVISIOn, 261. Drs. HIshp and Garson being the judges.

" Col. Palmer" Chal1enge Trophy.-Carl Team, Ashington Corps, having failed to appear, the trophy was awarded to Brandon Colliery team, who had already won the Durham County Final and were again put through a stiff test on the day of the finals.

The announcements were also made as to the award of the "Robert Anderson" Cup for highest all-round efficiency in the Ambulance Divisions as

1 Newcastle and Gateshead Gas Co. DIvIslOn, 2, Charlaw Sacriston Collieries Division, 3, Houghton-IeSpring' Division. .

At the conclusion of the tests, tea was partaken of 111 adj oining rooms, after which all those present assembled in the main hall to hear the results announced .In the regrettable absence of Acting-Comm.issioner or p:. Hammersley Johnston, whose health did permIt of taking the journey from Hull! proceed1l1 o's were sided Ol'er by Assistant CommISSIOner, Capt. James Anderson, who calleel upon the Acting CompetJtlOns Secretary, District Officer G. R. Curry, to read out the results. The various trophies and medals were then presented to the successful competitors by the Lady Mayoress of Newcastle, "who mentioned that she was PToucl to be a member of the Brigade and felt that It was a to have been called upon to make the presentatIons that afternoon. A vote of thanks .the Lady Mayoress was proposed by Assistant CommISSIOner S. Embleton) and Assistant Commissioner F. P. WIlson for a vote of thanks to the judges, who so rea.dtly gave. time and services to the work of the Bno'age, Dlstnct

A I D. 255

Officer Dr. W. H. Pallett replied briefly on behalf of the judges.

There was no hitch in the proceedings and it was felt lJy all present that the grcatest credit was due to the Acting Competition Secretary for his excellcnt arrangements. Regret was expressed at the absence of Corps Supl. H. S . Crace, the Competition Secretary, who had been on the sick list since early December, but was now known to be making good progress towards recovery. of the ursing Competitions will be found on " Our Nurse's Pages."

The North-Eastern Area Centre has, according to the report recently issued, completed another year of excellent work.

During 1929, 74 ambulance classes were formed, and I, 758 students passed the examinations.

Thirty-nine teams entered the district competitions for the North-Eastern area, and in all districts great interest was shown.

The final competition for the area was \von by the Leeds police team, to whom the "Wharton" Challenge Shield was awarded. The Hull police team were runnersup.

In the inter-area competition (belween teams from the North-Eastern Area and the Southern Area) the Leeds team took fourth place.

During the year 15 classes were formed in the Darlington district, 10 at Hull, 6 at Leeds, 13 at Middlesbrough, 21 in Newcastle and 9 in York district.

The cases attended by ambulance men in the dIstncts Juring the year were as :-Darlington, 1.5,487; Newcastle, 13,428; York) 13,)]0; Hull, 16,893; MIdd1esbrough, 8,413; Leeds, 5)48-a total of 72,919.

HULL.-The Deputy Lord Mayor (Councillor Benno Pearlman) paid a high tribute to the work of .the St. John Ambulance Brigade, when the a,Yards gamed by the Parao-on Division members were presented.

The presentation took place during the interyal of a concert which was held in the Owen Hall, Baker Street, 011 iVIa;ch 26th. The Chairman being 1\11'. J. S. Harper.

After presenting the Mr. Pearlman said he considered the work of the BrIgade was ,yonderful. The members were skilled and highly specialis.cd owing: to thorouo'h trainino- which they receiYed, whIle they dId theIr work ebfficiently unostentatiously. \Vhen he trayelle.d up and down the country and noticed. the scores of aCCIdents which happened through motonng he th.ought that the St. John Ambulance stations on the roadSIde .a g'odsend to the general community. The members dI? he continued, \yithout any hope of I:eward 111 thIS world, and they were one of the finest and best organised bodies of men and yvomen whIch the country possessed.. Thanks to COL111Clllor Pearlman were YOlced by 1-1r. Atkinson. Mr. J. B. 1\Iilson seconded the vote. of and appealed to the younger people to take an 111terest 111 ambulance work.

No.8 District.

K\STBOURNE.- The second annual dinner. of the Eastbourne Division, STA.B., was held at lhe PIer Hotel, on Tuesday evening, March 18th.. .

Councillor L. 1\IacLachlan preSIded, supported by the President, Mr. J. Slater,. Drs. and Sydney \tVilliams, 1\1r. H. J. \V ngglc wortI:, Dn·:-Supt. A. J. BurnaO'e and many other representatIYes ot the town. The health of the Chairman was honoured on the call of Dr. Sydney Vlilliams, and Councillor 1\IacLachlan replied. d" 0 P 'd t" Div. Supt. A. J. Burnage submitte ur re.sI en , and ir. John later, replying, of the splendld work

.by St. ] Ohl1 Ambulance Brigade in the Colliery Dlstncts with :whlch he was associated. He presented Amb. Officer. D1l1e \\,Ith a medal for 15 years' service.

., The_ChIef Constable, \V H: Smith, proposing The OlCler or St John and the Dlstnct/' said he did nor th.l11}<. the generally realised the valLlable work the Dn'lsIO n did 1I1 the tOWIl. of the Diyision attended football matches, sports meetings, theatres, and places of amusement, and rendered a sistance when reCjuJred. They co-operated with the police in dealing v",ith aCCIdents and ambulance work generally, and the police hoped to.c?mpete with them [or the" Walker" Cup held by the Dn'ls lon.

?Ilr. H. ]. \ Secreta r y) replied.

The toast of The '\ Isltors was proposed by Dr. Chmcher and respondcd to by Alderman Soddy.

. The PIer Ilotel orchestra gayc selections durin o t he dlllner and later there was dancing. b

HovE.-After a long period of effort the Hove Di\iSl?n S.J.A..B entercd mto possession of headquarters 01 Its own 111 Ln'111gstone Road, Ho\'e.

The .Mayoress of Hove (l\Irs. A. B. Wales) performed the open1l1g ceremony on Tuesday afternoon 18th.

The Mayor (Capt. A. B Wales, 1\1.c.) aeteel as chairman large gat henn c)' of members and supporters of the DIYI IOn

The said that the beneficent \\'ork done by the DIvIsIOn of the S.].A.B. was well known and apprecIated. In declaring the headquarters open she \:'Ished the officers and members every success the tllture.

C.apt. '-N ales made an earnest appeal to the inhabitants of Ho,:e to giye a greater measure of suppOl t. HIS Wor shIp 1 eferred to the se rVIce o'iven by th' members 011 the football ground and c Parks the that ha\'e led up to the DI_\ enterIng mto possessIOn of the new heac1s showed that the. money had been largely 1 alsed b) t\\ 0 bazaars, orgal11sed by Irs. de Zo cl Marshall. u le

1 Zouche l\Iarshall then handed the deeds of t.le pi opel ty to Capt. 'vV. Butcher (District Officer) who 1 ecelvecl them on behalf of Commissiollel- EAR' 1 I ,\'110 11 b .. lClateS was una) e to e present. '

lII- Bouquets were afterwards presented to the l\layoress J. 1 s. de Zouche 1\Ia:shall and Mrs. Richards. '

In commemoratIOn of her w01-k as baza'll- 0 I Z c c r o al11ser : IS. C, e ouche lIarshall was presented \vith a bleathe; aSltache <l: SImilar gift was handed to Lady Di\' upt. l\lISS AlIce Fleld-Comber. _ were extended to the l\layor and 1Iav ores;:. tor theIr sen·ices. .J

After the ceremony the nurses entertained the com pany to tea.thell-e is an oycrdraft at the bank of ()'. '. IS opec tl:at thiS \\"111 be wiped off b the fj1fts d of some generous fnends and also the results Yof a ag ay to he held on July 26th.

" annual meeting of the IIorsham Div'Slon, \\ as held on :ruesday, April 1st, at the Town Hall 1

C [n the ?-b.sence of the President (Mr.' E. . ,l\I_11n:s He!), the Dn lslOual Surgeon (Dr. Geoffre preSIded over a good attendance of members y

H S e annua l report) presented by Transport Officer a 11(1 on. ecretary B W J - tt d the Division hac!' ci _arjl efi that during the year

r 1 - T ren e1 ec rst-ald to 222 cases and hael :);; l.)Oal1 t tahll , Sun c1a l y s and Bank Holidays men

< e am HI ance statIon.

[n the County Competition the D' '.'

A I D. April, 19.30.

October 2 1st, 1929, 29 journeys h ac! been mad e with It. were due to Capt. a nd M r s II u g h Lanc aster and MI. G. Bettney fo r the work they h a d done to 111 I" the purchase of an amb ul ance possible. Mrs. had a Dame of the Order 01 St. ] Ohll. The CommIttee paId a t obu te to t h e work. of Mrs. Al ger110n E lton, and 1 e fer reel to the r eSJO'natlO n durin o t1 year of Supt. 'v\!. L vVatton and C. Cooke welcomed Supt. J. K1l1g anel Dr. G. Spa rr ow as their s )_ ressors.

llC

:rransport Jarrett stated t h at s in ce i t was C0111the DIVISIOn's ambu lance h ad cove r ed an average 01 JOO mIles per month.

Amb. Officer Da\'i.d Bryce) J.P p r csentr:d the sta teof accounts) whIch showed that a balance on the b ene 1al account broug'ht forward of £92 8s 5d h I " .) aYl11g' to £63 6s. le1., but £25 had been placed t;) Ul11fOl m resen"e and £50 to ambulance depreciation resen'e.

_ .::'upt. King of the etters 01 app r eciation of the serVlces of the Bngade that. been received. H e thanked <!-ll membe.rs of the DIVISIOn for t h ei r devotion to d_unng the that he had been s up er in tendent. er, he .w ould lIke to see a Nursing Division started 111 the _ town 111 the near future: a lso had to lo ok forwat d to the day WhCll the D1 \ '1 IOn \ \-o uld possess proper headquarters.

Pt.es. Taylor and Chase \\'e re elected membcrs 01 tl CommIttee. 1C

Tt was stated that H 11gh Lancaster had offered another trophy for competition

No. 9 District PORTLA::\,"D.-The annual meeting \\ as held in th e Reading Room, the President, l\lr. H. J. San om pres1dlllg

The Hon. Treasurer (1\Ir. N. Bird) presented sheet, which showed a decrease in the balan ce h.e malJ1 .expenses were £ 15 odd for am hulance and 1l1g matenal.

The Hon. Secretary reported that the Divisiol1 wa s st r oI2,e:er and more efficient. During 1929 they attende(l to 6/2 ma1l11y 1111110r injuries SIxteen cases were removed eIther to ho pital or home.

, The Diyision n.umbered 38 all told, exc lu ding six, \\'11(' had Just theIr first exam111atlO11 111 first-aid Ther were 42 dnlls held durin g' the year.

.Officers and men alike were thanked for co-ope r ation those who gave up Sat ur day afternoons fOl: I uty at the football g rounds and those who attended th e lome nUS111g lectures. Mr. and Mrs. H. ]. Sansom were also thanked for the use of a r oom for lectures.

.Mrs Ly ons, referring to t h e formation of a ladies' sectIOn, congratu lated the Division upon the ll app\' the nursing Diyision into clnd a ladles class Of the candidates who sat for the examlllatIOn everyone had passed.

::\11'. Sansom paid tribute to the work done durino' the year. b

}'he Di,.'isional nrgeon (Dr. M. J. Sa und ers) mad e Sj1eclct! menllOll of the large !lu mber of mi110r injuri es attended to hy Cllll lml ance 111C11 meeting- close d with th.anks to Mrs. H. ]. Sa n solll :lllcl M l s. Lyons fo !- representlllg the ladi es a ncl a lso to cdl officers for t h eIr services, whic h wcre secu recl for another year.

No. 10 District.

April, 19.30.

FIRST

Mr. Frank Ayton presided and he wa s supported by the Mayor (Mr. A. L. Clouting), dir ecto rs of Messrs. Ransomes, Sims and Jefferies, District Staff-Officer Pa wsey and Supt. Norton and many others.

Proposing c The Division," Mr. Deck sa id that 34 years ag9 the late Mr. IIarold J cffer ies was t h e means of startJ11g th e Division) and that of t h e fir st members on ly one remained-District Staff-Officer J. Pawsey. A t prese nt the Division numb e red 3-+ members, with an active list of 29 on r ese rv e Durin g the past tweh'e months approx imately 6,000 inj uries were attended to. Th ese fig ures spoke well for the efficiency of th e i l' Di v is ion. I t was ra t her singular that the 63 men ava il ab l e for first-aid wo rk were practically eve nly d istribut ed throu g h o u t their wo rks.

Dis t ric t Staff-Officer Pawsey and S upt. G. Norton, res pondin g to the toast, proposed by Mr. Beck, t hank ed th e direc tors of the firm for their ho spita lit y in providing the an nual dinn e r.

The Mayor (Mr. A. L. Clo utin g), an old member of the Division, pr oposed the toast of "The Firm/, with w hich he coupled the nam e of Mr. Ayton.

Th e Chairman in respondin g once again exp r essed ho w proud they all were that o n e of their fami y had b ee n chosen for th e hi g h office which the Mayor filled, and w hich h e was upholdin g' in s uch a dignified and capable ma nn e r. All t h e directors r ecogn ised that in the Orwell Wo rks they had a splendid body of men Wl10 had t h e right sp irit, and with them they could face the futu r e with confide nce.

A series of presentations were then made. The Mayo r hand ed to t h e Chairman a framed photograph of the member s of the Division) which M r. Ayton promised should be hun g in a fit t in g position. Then hi s Worship presented a s imil a r photograph to Corps Supt. Fiddy, to he placed in the St. J o hn Ambulan ce Hall. The Chairman prese nt ed to Sergt. J. A. Ru sse ll , for the last ten years Secreta ry of the Division, a silver cigarette case, as a to ken of their appreciation of hi s ya lu ab le work. Dr. McEwa n , t h e Corps Surgeon, presented to District StaffOffice r Pawsey his warrant of r a nk, mentioning that Mr. Pawsey join ed 3-J. yea r s ago, and held the position of Divisional Supt. for 23 years Aftcr that he became a Co rp 5. S upt., and fiv e years ago was made a n Honorary Sen'iIlt': Brot her of the Order. Distri ct Officer Pawsey in r eturning thank s said that the hon o ur which h ad fallen to h im was due to t h e unfailing l oya lt y of t h e Division to himself.

Th e awards for the yea r havin g been presented by the Chairman, there r emained but one toast., that of " The V i sito rs and Artistes/' which was proposed by 1\Ir. G. J. Offo rd , a nd r espo nded to by Dr. and ?lIr. A. Sma r t.

COLCIIESTER -The first annual d inn e r of the Colch este r Division S.J.A.B., was h eld on Saturday, March 29t h, at Nuthall's Oak Hall, Colch este r this bei n g the occas ion of tl1e 21 st birthday of the Division The District Co mmission e r , Major J. F C. Hossack, F. R. CS wa in the chair, supported by the 1ayor (C r. C. J. Jolly}. J\I r. H. Lan gley Jo ne, Comm issioner fo r the County of Essex. Dr. R. D. Bradshaw, Divisional Surgeon, Supt. H. \li,'. Lee and Amb. Officer Norman. Among the g u ests werc Co l. Purser, D S.O. (A.D M.S. Hors e G uar ds, London).

Co l. Goo dwin, D.S .O., K.H.P . (A.D.M.S. Eastern Area) and Col. Winder, D.S.O., Capt. Coc ker 2. 11 d Co nduc tor Hudson of the Fir e Brigade and R ev. tank)' Smith. Thirty memb e rs of th e Division w e r e p r esent.

AID. 257

were 40 ,000 men in the count ry doing this noble work and the .work, owing to incr easing mo t o r traffic, was on the 111cr ease, an d if it continued it wo uld b e n ecessa r y to have St. John' s men on the road s both day and J11g-ht to cope WIth the acc id ents, etc.

Dr. Bradshaw proposed the toast of t h e" :Ylayo r a nd Corporation," a nd the Ivl ayo r , who r ep li ed, said that the Ambulance Sub-Committee fully appreciated the services of the ambulance men who manned the Co un ci l Ambulance both day and night, and \\'e re ve r y thankful for their voluntary se rvic es . Supt. L ee proposed t h e toast of " The Visitors."

Speak in g of motor amb ul ance work, Supt. L ee quoted from the history ?f hi s unit, a motor ambu lance convey} that 1n one year 111 France ca rri ed over 10 1,000 patients and trave11ed 65,000 miles. During the whole period of their se rvi ce in France--4 yea r s-the ambulances travelled just ove r 2,000,000 miles.

Co l. L. M. Purser, D.S.O., replied and said he was pleased to be present at thei r dinner to again meet Supt. Lee, a nd to know that the Colchester Division had one in charge who kncv, his work thoroughly. He could testify to his v, 'o rk in France during the Great War. "T h e Subscr ib ers" was proposed by Amb. Officer Norman.

At this stage 1\Iajor Hossack presented to Dr. Brads haw a smoker's cabinet which the members had subscribed for as a token of appreciation of the valuable help the doctor had given the Division. Dr. Bradshaw, in reply, said he hoped to have many years in which to further help the Division.

Staff-Sergt. G. He\\'es proposed a hearty votc of thanks to t h e a rti stes for their entertainment. This was :ieconded by Sergt. J. Smith, and Mr. L. Simpson replied.

Priory for Wales.

1\10 THL Y GS

1\ I eetings of the Executive and Ambulance Committees of the Priory for Wales were held at the Priory Room, L aw Co urt s, Ca r diff, on Monday! l\larch 2-J.th, Proiesso r Dayid Hep'b urn CM G.} presiding.

Authority \\'as given for the fo rm ation of an ambulance Division at C\\'amman in the Carmarthenshire Cent r e; a Cadet t\ ursing Division at Barry Hill, City of Ca rdiff Cent r e; a Cadet J ursing Di\'ision at Liwynypia , Boroug-h of Rhondda Centre; Players 'Welfare Division, of S'ransea Centre; and the Cardiff G r eat 'vVestern Di\'ision will be known in fut ur e as the Cardiff Eme r gency Division. 1\Ir. Dayid was H onorary President of the Oakdale D1\'lS1On and Theoph1Ius Evan of the Abertillery Division.

l Ilac '<1 .• 1 rJ'1 IVl510n was auaJll

• ()J]\.' '. ll' outs! anding' C\'l'lll (If [I '.' to..

iJeen the acqulsliJ()J1 of all amiJulancc f(Jr' lll' hddl e IV1 !:l10 11 , all(

,. r l'S:VICIT.- The anllual dinJler () f t h e Orwell WC)J-]- !-, hrst-Ald Or""lnisatio I A I D' I 1->' 11 a il e 111 )11 allce 1 VISI0ll, ,,, as ,1cId elL the Cruwn and Anchor LI utcl 011 Salurelav },1'trch 22ncl. '.J

Th e Rev. Stanley Smith proposed the toast of the cr St. John Ambulan ce Brigade," whose work h e sa id was g reatly admired and appreciated. He, pe r sona ll y, knew of the splendid work th c Co lch este r Division were doing' amongst th e po o r a nd also atte ndin g to accide nt s, etc., and h e cOllSidercd Colchester had a vcry live Division.

llo ssac k , r ep lyill p,' lo the tuast. sa id that there

The Medical Comm itt ee of 11embers of the House of Commons, many of the Welsh Members, and intere ted, are supporting The Order in its apphcat10n to the l\Iinistry of Tran port to include in the New.Road Transport Bill a Clause maj,;ipg it a of the that first aid appliances be carned on long-dIstance licensed veh icl es and that the licensed dri v crs be in structed in their u se a nd it is understood, there is e\'ery likelih ood of the agreeing to this. Weste.rn V..relsh Omnibus Compa n y are already enco ura gl11g theIr to t rain in firs t aid and are cons id ering hold1l1g fo r a trophy) to be presented by t h ei r Board of Authority w as given fo r the St.. John Prel!ml11ary Tcxt Books in first aid and home nurSl11g to be translated into 'vVelsh at the r eque t of the \i\T el h ?f Youth, who have 375 Branche at present establIshed, WIth 21.000 member. First aiel is a s ubj ect recognised by the League; an ambulance COll1pclitioll held ill conllection with the

FIRST

Chi ldren's Nationa l Eiste ddfod e a ch yea r a n d it is sai d that the students are handica pp ed owin g to no We l sh T ext Books being available

A new motor ambulance station is to be ope n ed at Pontardulais and the employees of some of the l ocal collieries and most of the works have agreed to support the service; a car is in course of construction and a rr angements are being made with Dr. R. ]. Isaac, the Sub-Commissioner at Pontardu1ais for a garage and house for the driver.

Voluntary Aid Detachments have been formed at Port Talbot, and Bargoed, the St. John Detachments registered by the War m the County. of G l a':llorgan, and it is hoped other DIvIsIOns of the B n gade wI ll enrol so that there may be, in case of natIOna emergency, .a sufficient trained Body of Women to supplement the medIcal services of the Crown.

Service Medals have been awarded by His Royal Highness, the Gra.nd Prior,. to on completing fifteen years' efficIent servIce m the Bngade.

CITY OF CARDIFF CENTRE.

Corps Surgeon Edgar Llewellyn, Cardiff District Corps; Div. Supt. William E. G Cotter, CardIff Western Division; Pte. A. ]. Bobbett, Ba r ry Dock DIVIsion' Amb. Sister Elizabeth Pauley, Barry N u rsing Division; Amb. Sister Hannah James, Barry Nursing Division.

GLAMORGAN COUNTY CENTRE

Sub-Commissioner Major W. Owen Evans, M B.E., Pontardawe Sub-District.

BOROUGH OF NEWPORT CENTRE.

Corps Secretary Joseph Barber, N ewpo r t (Man) Corps.

BOROUGH OF RHONDDA CENTRE.

Corps Secretary David George Rosser, Uppe r Rhondda Corps.

Service Medal Bars for additional periods of five years' efficiency, have been awarded to;-

GLAl\WRGAN COUNTY CENTRE.

Sub-Commissioner Major Andrew Woodroffe Anderson, Bridgend Sub-District.

BOROUGH OF NEWPORT CENTRE.

Div. Supt. George William Hopkins, Newport Town Division; Amb. Officer Charles Henry Brown, Alexandra Docks Division.

PRIORY DAY.

In connection with the annual appeal to the public in Cardiff and district, which is to be made on Saturday, l\1ay 3rd, a successful meeting was held at the City Hall, Cardiff, on Wednesday, March 26th, at which the Lady Mayoress (Mrs. William Charles), who has consented to act as president of Priory Day this year, presided and was introduced to the Ward President and other prominent people by Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O.B.E

It was agreed that the emblems this year be the same as in former years, a black and white marguerite, the St. John Flag, and panel book matches, which have been very popular in the past.

An urgest appeal for helpers was made by t.he Lady Mayoress, ,,,,ho said she hoped that any ladies in the city and district who could arrange to be free on Saturday, 1\1ay 3rd, would help her to make this year's Priory Day as successful as the others had been. Offers of help should be sent to the Lady Mayoress, City Hall, Cardiff, or to the Secretary, Priory Day, Priory House, 4, Cathedral Road, Cardiff

An interesting competition scheme for the selle r s was announced. Several large business houses and amusement places in the City have given gifts of bags, umbrellas, handkerchiefs, silk Ltockings and tickets f or performances; and the Lady Mayoress undertook to convene a meeting of Ward Presidents and helpers after Priory Day to decide the winners of the competition.

NURSING

D I VI SION F ORMED AT N ANTYM OEL.

Considerable interest was cent r ed i n the pu blic meeting at the Bethany Ch u rch, on March 22nd, to inaugurate the new N ursmg DIVIsIOn of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

The Commissioner for Wales said he wished to thank Dr and Mrs. Smythe fo r the great interest they were taking in the movement and felt sure with their valuabl e services as Surgeon and Officer-in-Charge, the new Division would be a great success . The women of Wales were taking an increasing interest and share in the developm ent of the work of the Order and a Nursing Unit at Nantym oe1 would be invaluable to the district, as its members would be trained to help the medica l men and nurses, and so releive much pain and unnecessary suffering. He hop ed the public would support the Division

Miss Lilian Davies, Secretary of the Nursing Di vision, and Mr. Ivor Evans, Treasurer of the Ambul ance Unit, organised a concert, which was much appreciated.

Lady Lewis suggested to the members that they shou ld establish a Medical Comforts Depot, so that no one in the Nantymoel area should suffer through lack of medical requisites or sick-room comforts.

FIRST AID IN INDUSTRY

The Reports appearing in the daily Press subsequent to the annual meetings on David's Day, proved that a useful amount of public interest was created 'by the general discllssion which was a feature of the programm e of the afternoon meeting. The subject of first aid in factories has received special notice and Mr. Llo yd Edwards, H M. Inspector of Factories, who is keenl y interested in the welfare of those connected with the factories, has great confidence in the future development of the ambulance movement as a means of improving the general conditions of factory workers. He recentl? pointed out the necessity for adequate ambulance prOY lsions and quoted some startling figures. In 1928 there were 154,000 reportable accidents, causing absence from work for more than three days at factories) docks, and other industrial undertakings; nearly 1,000 of these were fat.al, more than 16,000 became septic, 39 proving fatal. In vVales and Monmouthshire there were 11,000 accidents and in Cardiff district alone, more than 1,500) of which 110 were septic cases. Mr. Edwards gave particulars of two factories in the Cardiff district to illustrate the V"aluc of first aid fro111 an economic standpoint. At one ship repai r ing yard) where the number of men between 700 and 1,300, over 800 injuries were dressed m the ambulance room, which was in charge of a qualifi ed St. John man, and only 50 of these cases became repor table accidents. In another factory 2,700 inj uries were dressed, but only 47 of these became reportable accidents. The Inspector pointed out it would be in the general interest of factory occupiers and all concerned to tak e full advantage of the facilities offered by the Priory fo r the training of their employees, and the Priory is communicating with every factory occupier in Wales, offering assistance in this connection

The question of first aid on the road is to-day a subj ect of general interest, and the following extract from a local newspaper shows that th e time is fast approaching when definite action must be taken ;_

" It is possible to visualise a time, not far distant, when every person will carry as a pocket outfit first aid materials. The demand for first aid on the omnibuse s that ply for hire is a significant fact, but a very necessary precaution, for 'buses run long distances in these days and accidents in lonely areas, out of reach of irr:mediate medical aid and in the absence of first aid applIances is something to avoid by forethought, and if necessary. lega l compu lsion The Priory for Wales discussed the subject and there is general support of the Order of St. John in its application to the Ministry of Transport to include the new R.oad Transport Bil! a clause which

Apri l, 19 .3 0. FIR S T imposes the carrying of first aid appllances as a condition of the l icence "

OPENING OF BAZAAR AT PORT fALBOT

A bazaar oro'anised by the Po r t Talbot a nd Nursing of the St. John Ambulance Bngade, held on Thursday, April 3rd, at the Ambulance Hall in Margam Terrace. M k' 1 f

In the unavoidable absence of 1\Irs. ac mtos 1 a Uackintosh, CB.E., Lady President the G1amorgan County Centre of the Priory, the openmg ceremony was by Lady (Ilerbert) Lewis, O.B.E , Deputy Superintendent fO.r Wales? :",ho appealed to N ursmg Divisions to contmue tra111mg the boys and guls, form new Cadet Divisions and set them a good example, so that they might not fear for the Wales of the future.

A I D. 259

The cortege included over 200 members of the Neath Ambulance Corps and a large number of nurses under the command of Staff-Officer A ]. Esmond and Lady Supt. L. J ones. .

Among those present were Corps Corps Secretary W. T. Richards, LeWIS, DIV. Supt . D G. John, Div . Supt. Dlv. ?Upt. Downs, Amb Officers D. Watkins, G. FIsh and DIV. Secretary J. Hogan. b 'f I

The floral tributes were numerous and. eautr u , among them being a St. John Cross from the Bnton Ferry Division and a wreath from the Neath Corps.

S .J.A.B. Overseas .

BOMBAY CORPs.-His Excellency, Sir. Frederick Sykes, presided over the silver jubilee cclebratlOn an? the annual prize-giyin g of the St. John Ambulance Bngade Overseas (Parsi Division) on. 1\1ar.ch 8th. The Governor was received on arn\'al by SIr Regmald Spence, Assistant Commissioner, Capt. vv .J: un an, DIstnct Supt., 1\1r. D. F. Panthaki, Div. Supt., and Dr. P. L.

After the inspection of the Bombay Corps, the Parsl Ambulance and ursing Divisions and HIS Excellency witnessed first aid and home nurs111g dIsplay and thereafter gave away service medals and bars, lenge shields, cups, pnzes and aw.ards the Bombay Corps. The Goyernor paId a g.low111g tnb.utc to excellent and admirable work whIch be111g. carned on by the Brigade in rendering first aId to the SIck and the injured. f .

Dr. un an, in welcom111g the Governor, felt e 111 assuring him that whatever befall, the senl]ces of the officers and men of the Bngade would be <l:lways at the disposal of a. who had hImself them by his unfarl111g example of serylce before self: !lh offered to His Excellency a small portIon of shamrock It a request that and Lady Sykes wear the three-lea\'ed natlOnal emblem of hIS country on A' Patrick's Day. Dr. Nunan a message from :

1\1oncrieff Smith, Chief CommIs.slOner for the 0 t India, conveying his to ParSI D1VISIOll on its silver jubilee and wIsh111g It success. k

1\11' Panthaki in o'iving a short resume of the of the Farsi :-The Parsi DIVIsion, whose silver jubilee we are now celebrat111g, ha,s had no small share in the of articularly in the BOfnbay PreSIdency y tndia. The Division wa<; the first not only. 111 IndIa the east. Its membership is now 115. Hav1l1g t W;h 1 seven members) the Diyision has no:", 111 o e biao'est Division in the whole of IndIa a. bb b" 135 Cadets thus extend1l1 a Its actIVItIes. SlOn num el1l1g C, .• l:!. 'd

Briton Ferry No 1 Team.

\Vinners of the NeaLh Corps and the ('ath League S h Ield. SLandina (left to right): W J Hew letL, H. Cuss and b C. "\iV Illtams.

Seated ; Privates Vl. Kivell an d S (captall1).

A vote of thanks to Lady Lewis was proposed by Sub-Commissioner Mr. Lemuel Jones) and by Mr. A. Poole, Sl,lperintendent of ,the Port Ta lbot DlvlslOn. NEATH CORPS Loss.

The funeral of Mr. John Phillips, Cor Pd of Stores, Neath Corps, took p}laceR on 6th at Ynysm Cemetery. T 1e ev. ., , officia ting.

The history of the Parsi Ambulance D1YIslOn pro;I I es notable instance of the successful operatlOn of es by men who have offered selfless serVIces 1e serV1C, '1' th tles public to Government and to the mI Itary au on 1 t After'seventeen years' efforts for a free grant ?f a po f 1 d t.he Division has been fortunate in gett1l1g same o an, ., I' tte of areat for its Headquarters' BUI!d1l1g. t IS a h m<l: r 'th the , that thIS event sync r0111ses WI Division WGe offer t.o Your Excellency and your overnmen l:! madkis Excellency, who then addressed the gathering, aid ;- ore to inspect " It has O"iven me much pleasure once m. d k , C ps a;d to find all the evidence of cont1l1ue eenyour or. hI} learned to expect of you. ness and efficlency WhIC which you have I congTatulate you all on t ast ear For been able to render. to th l ehPubllcl /OU some of those se r VIces ave a re

indi,·idually or collectively, r that the whole public of Bombay has heen wIth me III recognlSll1g anel appreciating them. I congratulate heartdy all those who have received awards to-day and perhaps 1 may add <l special word of congratulati?n for Mr Kothare, ,,,,-ho has won the insignia of AssocIate ServIng Brother of the Order of St. John. . .

"As Mr. Panthaki has mentioned, t hIs IS a speCial occasion for the Parsi Division , who are now celebrating· their Silver Jubilee I congratulate the Div.ision on the lono- and honourable record which stands to It s credIt.

I am glad that the Parsi Division has now a site for its headquarters: and I hope that thIS year ot Jubilee will be celebrated yet further by generous pubIJc support of their Building Fund for the same purpose."

Durham, Cleveland and Westmorland Districts Ambulance League.

DURHAM.-The final competitions for the " Donald Bain" and "Elizabeth Bain" Shie lds took place at the Durham Town Irall, on Saturday, March 8th.

For over four hours that the proceedings were in proO' ress with an interval for luncheon, the examination ,;vas watched, the gathering including many officials of collieries as well as several enthusiasts who haye taken an interest in first aiel.

For the I, Donald Bain " competition the competitors were, Blackhall "A ," Challoner, Boldon, Horden, and Derwent, the Jud g es being Dr. W. Gray, of West Hartlepool, and Dr. Hudson, of Bedlington.

For the junior event, the teams were Eppleton and Blackhall; Dr. O'Kelly of Boldon and Dr. Whitley of Newcastle being the adjudicators.

Mr. T. Gre enland-Davies, Chief Inspector of Mines in the Northern Division, presided at the presentation ceremony and was supported by Professor Granville Poole (Professor of Mining at Armstrong College) N ewcastlc) , Mr. M. Ford, 1\lr. Scou (the new Inspector in the Durham area), Mr. W. "Wainwright, Mr. \lv . Y. Richardson, NIr. R Stokoe Mr. Chicken Mr. W. R. Wilson., Capt. Paddon and Mr. Watkin (Secretary).

OF TROPHIES.

The Chairman said he regretted to announce that Mr. ]. H. B. Forster, who was to have presented the trophies, was not able to be present and sent his apologies. He was happy to say that the Committee had secured Professor Granville Poole to fill the breach.

Professor Poole said he had a great admiration for those miners who had made themselves efficient in " First Aid." As the Chairman had told them, he was once an Inspector of Mines and held that position for about twelve years. Durin g that time he must have investigated some thousands of accidents, and he could therefore claim to speak with some authority of the value, the courage) and the coolness displayed by miners in rescue operations and of the skill shown by them in attending to the injured.

He r egretted to hear that there had been a decrease in the number of teams who had entered for the junior examination, and he hoped that would be remedied another year.

The Secretary announced the results as follows:-

" Donald Bain Shield": 1, Blackhall " A.." 3 15 marks; ?, Horden, 294; 3, Waterhouses, 282; 4, Chaloner, 277; J Boldon, 272; 6, Derwent, 269. Each member of the winning team received a gold medal. The others received silver medals) and all teams received £1 towards their expenses.

Horden received the" Committee" Challenge Cup as second in the fina1.

The (( Heath Cup," for the team having the most

marks for stretcher vvork (l st and 2nd teams being dehao'cd), wcnt to Waler h o l1 scs.

Blackhall, as winners in the Seah am and District Di vision, secured the ,. L. G. Di ll on" Cup

Elizabeth Bain" Shield: I, Eppleton, 250 points ; 2, Bladchall, 21-+.

Mr. /[. Ford proposed a vote of thanks to Prof. P oo le, and said that i1 they had searched the who le of the coa lfield they could not have found anyone more fitted to p reent the prizes.

NIr. Chicken, in seconding, sa id he was de lighted t ha t the colliery "vith which he was assoc iated had been successful that afternoon.

Professor Poole, in rep ly, expressed the hope that th e movement would develop and that they would act as m issionaries and gather in more competito r s fo r these ann ua l competitions.

Mr. R. Stoker, proposed a vote of thanks to the doctors.

Capt. Paddon seconded.

Dr. Gray) in reply, remarked that the test set that afternoon was not an easy one, and one point he had clo sely watched was that the teams carefully examined the pati ent. He was especially p leased with the st r etcher wo r k.

Mr. Richardson proposed, and NIr. Wainwri ght seconded, a vote of thanks to the Chairman.

The Chairman, in reply, paid a tribute to the Se cretary, Mr. Watkins, and that gentleman said that hi s Scr"ices were always at their disposal.

Home Service Ambulance Commit te e .

THE e leventh a n nua l repo rt of the Committe e, cove ri ng t h e period from J an u ary 1st to D ecemb er 31st, 1929, is now to hand.

\ Vith 343 stations forming a chai n of serv ice from Northumberland to Cornwa ll , its amb ulances are transporting more than 113,000 patien ts a year, the actua l figures fo r 1929 being 113,5 77 patients . The total since the service was set up is 847,065

.

S i nce the last a n nua l report new stations ha ve been equipped at Barnstaple, B recon, Harlo w, Newmarket, R ipon, Sidmouth , Sout h Kirkb y, West H am and Worn bwe ll Twenty - fou r of t he o lder cars have been rep laced by new ones

The Mobi le X - ray Department, anoth er branch of the Home A m bu lance Service, h as shewn steady growth from t h e t i me i t was set u p, and the use made of it by the m ed ica l profession , and the support given it b y t h e B ri tish Institute of Radio l ogy, shows t hat the D epartmen t iustifi es itse l f.

The report a)so contains a short resume of th e work carried on during the wa r and why an ambu lance service was sta r ted

Pwllhe l i Red Cross Detachment, for the fou r t h year in successio n , h ave won t he Carnarvonsh ire County C hallen ge Cu p E

The annual stretcher competit ion of t h e Bristol Centre, S .J .A A. will be held on J u ly 19t h T he compet.ition is ope n to teams with in a radius of 12 m il es of t he Bristol Corn Exchange. All app lications shou ld be made to the Secretary, Egbert A. A. Webb, 6, Somerset-street, Kingsdo"vn, Bristol, and entries close on Tues d ay, J u ly 1st.

April, 19 .30 . FIRST

Doctors Can Now Make Their Ow n X - Ray Ex aminatio ns.

THE research work and inventive genius of scientis ts has been responsible for countless for s aving life and alleviating the sutfenng of humanity. Every new discovery, Its va.lue to medical scienc has been proved, IS a dopted to the extent that practical conslderatlOns

A I D. 261

owaclays an X-ray photograph can be laken as easily as an ordinary snapshot- the doclor can also actually observe the functioning of his patient's organs with the utmost ease. It be readily realised that this is of supreme porta nce to the physician, and that he is now in a better position than ever before to make a correct diagnosis of complaints of a physical nature. ,\Vhilst formerly he had to leave much to chance, now the means is at hand whereby he can be certain.

The" l\letalix " Portable ready for Tran s port. a llow. Somelimes, however, the general adoption of a proved remedy is through expense or rarity; such an Instance that of radium. Supplies of lhls rare and val uable mineral, however, though extremely scarce, are now available at most of the large hospitals.

'Vhen X-rays were discovered b.y Professor Rontgen in 1895, and their value to medical science realisE'd, hospitals throughout the world .quickly provided themselves with an I.nstallalion, even though at that tIme the apparatus was costly, and to thc operator. Since then. rapId strides have been made, culminatIng jn the invention of the" Metalix" Xray tube, which finally of the dangers previous) y assOCiated WIth X - rays and enabled the parapherna l ia, necessary to a measure of protection to the patl.ent and operator, to be dispensed wIlh. The "Metal ix" tube, evolved after years of research work i.n Philips by Dr. Bouwers, em bodIes ItS OW11 protectIon, and perm its the penetrating X-rays to emerge only from a small aperture.

When a person suffers a physical injury, the extent of the dama g e is not always app a rent;

R eady fL)[" th e EX l1L)",ure. t t l time PJ.ss for a for instance, what may a lemay subsequentl).' prove to be a sprain h d X fa) This could not happen, however, a an oJexamination been made. The obvious inference

is that when being treated fo an injury, t h e patie n t should insist upon an X - ray examinat io n.

So great has been the si m p l ificatio n of X -r ay apparatus of recent years, that an o u tfit is now availabJe which enables any med ica l man to m ake his own radiographs wherever there is a sou rce of electric current supp ly . The complete appa ra -

tu s c an b e carried eas il y b y one man, a nd e r ected r ea d y for u s e in a few minute s Th e tim e is not far di s tant w hen e v er y medical m a n w ill regard hi s e quipm e n t as incomplete if it d oes not i n clude a n X-ra y o u t fi t ; until th at tim e i t h oves eve r y on e w h o h as b e en in vo l ve d i n an ac cid ent to in s is t upon a thorou g h X -r ayexamination.

Ratlway Ambulance News.

Great Western.

CO MPETITIO N S .

The series of Divisional competitions have this yea r been notable for the thought and ingenuity which has been displayed in the preparation of the test " cases" imposed on the competitors in order to measure their respective prowess.

The te ndency of recent years is to make the tests approximate more and more to actual happenings and many have been based upon accidents coming under notice of the adjudicators in the course of their medical practices.

Perhaps the highest degree of perfection in this direction was achieved in connection with the Birmingham (No. 12) Divisional contests where the "history" of the case'was enacted before the competing teams so effectively and the setting of the case so well staged that the usual "card," giving particulars of the case, was able to be entirely dispensed with.

The setting of the case was a quay wall of a dock on which a crane was in action loading a vessel (all reproduced in part) and a small boat (moving by means of ballbearing castors on a theatrical "sea") was utilised for rescue purposes.

This attempt to reproduce the surroundings of the case was appreciated by competitors and spectators alike and helped to provide a most realistic demonstration of "first aiel" in action.

SEMI-FINAL COMPETITION.

The following teams qualified in the semi-final round, which has just been concluded, to compete in the final comlletition for the Directors' 01allenge Shield, Carvell Cup, and further prizes, to be held in the General Meeting R oom at Paddington Station on May 2nd : Newport, Alexand r a f?ocks, Newpo:-t, Dock Street, Swindon (B), St. Blazey, (Jlollcester, Palgnton, Swindon (A), Ruabon.

Two of these teams, Swindon (B) and Paignton, entered the competitions in the Beginners' Class and have d.one well to be third and sixth respectn/ely 111 the semI-final round, see111g that over 320 teams in al.l particiI?a.-ted. in the contests. The securing the hIgher POSItlOl1 ll1 the final competltion WIll be awarded the Butt" Challenge Bowl, which goes to the best team m the Beginners' Class each year.

FINAL COMPETITION.

We understa11Cl that Lieut.-Col. F A. Brookes (team w?rk) and Dr., R.. Conno.n Robertson (individua l work) wIll be ad) udlcators 111 the final competition and that WIll be taken of the occasion, as in past years, 1.? dIstnbute the meda.1 and certIficate awards for exceptlOnally effiCIent first aId rendered by members of th e s t aff during the year 1929

PADDINGToN -The annua l d istrib u tion of efficiency awards, etc., to ambu la n ce workers in the L ondon A. Division of the G W R. took pl ace in the Town Hall, Paddin gton, on the evening of Apri l 9th, when Mr. F. R. Potter (Assistant Supt. of the Line) presided, and was supported by the Mayor of Paddington, Councillo r L. J. Snell, the Mayoress, Lady Handover, Mrs . L ancelot Dent, Oversea s Commissione r of the S.J.A B , Mr. E. S. Hadley, Editor, G.W.R. Magazine, Mr. F Warren, Chief Engineer's Offic e, Supt. Best of the Metropolitan Police, Miss C. A Ault, Ambulance Centre Secretary, and other officials of the Company.

Mr. Potter reviewed the p r ogress of ambulance work on the G W.R. and particula r ly in the London Division and commented on the satisfactory feature that 10 per cent. of the staff were skilled first aid exponents and tha t no fewe r than 999 had been awarded the Company's gold medal for 15 years' efficiency

The Mayor said he had been associated with the G.W R. for almost 60 years.

Lady Handover was the recipient of a floral bouque t at the hands of Anne Borrough, the little daughter of Mr. R. G. Borrough, London A. Divisional Secretary.

The p r esentations included the "Ernest Palmer " Challenge Shield for advanced wo r kers to the South Lambeth team, the "Frank Potter" Shield for beginners to the Old Oak Common team, and the West London Ambulance Shield to the Addison Road team. Presentations were also made to Dr. 1. Maclean and Miss R. March, lecturer and secretary respectively of the Paddington Ladies' Class, and to Messrs P. G Ford amI S. Barrett, Secretary and Instructor respectively of the Men's Class.

London and North Eastern.

G.N. CENTRE.-The G.N. Centre Competitions have now been completed and the final competition was held at Liverpoo l Street on T h u r sday, Ma r ch 20th, when the resu lts we r e :-

1, Colwick, 233 points; 2, A r ds l ey, 208 ; 3, Hitchin, 20 1 ; 4, Boston, 189; 5, King' s Cro ss Goods, 164 ; 6, Doncaste r, 12 5

The Co lwick team h om t'ne G.N Offi cers' Cup fo r one yea r, and w ill r epr ese nt t h e Cen tr e in th e Inter-Section Competition for t h e h ono ur of r ep r esenting the Company in t h e S. J. A.A . Inte r -Ra il way Competition to be h eld in May.

The cup and p r izes were presented by Mr. F L. Steel, who has been President of t h e Centre since its fo r mation in 1924 M r. Stee l i s re li nq ui shi ng t h e P r es i dency un der press ur e of other in te r es t s, ancl introduc ed t he new Pr es i-

Ap ril, 1930. F I R S T dent, Mr. Ronald W Matthews, another Director of the Company

A Socia l was held on Saturday, March 29th, at Sc bright Hall, Finsbury N ., .for the two-fold purpose of distributing certIficates gamed by mel"l: who attended a recent class organised by the G. . SectlOn of the L.N.E.R, and of welcoming the wives and friend;; of the members of the new S.].A.B . Division- o. 10; (York Road, L.N.E.R)-which has been formed by successful candidates of this class

The hall was well filled, there being about 150 persons present, including Mr. T. Smith G.N: Section, L.N .E.R) and Mrs. T. D1stnct Officer T. McBride (Central Area, No. 1 .S.J.A.B.), Dr. Mailer (Divisional Surgeon, No 13 .Mrs .i\1ailer, Mrs. Main, (also representl11g Dr. Mal11, D1V1SlOnal Surgeon, No. 13 Division, who had been to an urgent case), 1\IIrs. Sebright (widow of Capt. Sebnght, Supt. No. 13 Division) and officers of No.1 (Stoke Newl11gton) and No. 39 Nursing Divisions. Letters. of apology for absence were Mr. Warrmer (District Supt.), :Mr. Sparke.s (plstnct Loco. Supt.) and i\fr. Massa (Goods Agent, Kmg s Cro.ss) of the and from Col. F. A. Brooks (CommlsslOr:er, No. 1 trict), and Dr. N. Corbet (AssIstant CommIssioner Central Area, No.1 D1stnct), S ].A.B.

An excellent concert was given by Messrs. A and J. Acrell and Mr. Roy Doyden and party, who gave services without fee. During the interval, 1\Irs. T. SmIth very kindly presented the certificates to those who had passed the first aid examination and labels to t,yO men who had qualified as "First-Aiders" some .years ago ?-nd now decided to take up the work agam. Followmg thIS, there were two interesting presentations testifying to the ()'o od feel ina- arnona- the men. A team from the Goods Dept. had won the beautiful bowl presented by F. Liddell Steel, Esq., to the London District .of the G N. Section of the L.N.E.R, of which he is P.res1dent, .wh1ch trophy was on view that evening. By wmmng th1S, the team had qualified to enter for the G.N. Officers' Cup Corr:petition, at which, although they were success.ful gaining first place, each member had. a pnze, m the form of a silver Slwar bowl and sliter, whlch was also on view. The man received nothing, but as a mark of their appreciation of the he too had worked, the members of the team asked hun to accept ?- cut glass salad bowl. They also wished to record gratef1:11 thanks to Mr. Dye, their trainer. Speakmg on theIr behalf, Mr. T. the. company present in addition to orgamsmg a F1rst .AId Class before Chnstmas and one just after, and takm&, oyer the. charge of a new Division, Mr. Dye had found tIme to men. On their hehal£ he hacl great pleasure 111 Mf Dye a case of pipes as an outward expresslOn of then" gratitude. .'

Rising to thank them, Mr. Dye sa1d that the g.lft carfole as a gTeat surprise, and. be very much apprec1ated It, although he did not reqUlre any thanks for wha.t he had been able to do. The loyalty and good shown him had more than repaid him He would I.lke to take this opportunity of welcoming the wives and fnends of the members of the new Division They 111USt remember that they now formed part of the Division, and ah:vays receive a warm welcome at any of the funchons. V/llen he was asked to take charge of the I?lv1slOn, he had for two 111onths He, too, had a presentatlOn to make-a felt optimistic as to the success of the venture,. but he had little dreamed of the support he was to recerve. Every man was eager to do his bit. Splints had been made, as well as a box to hold them and a for stores Hardly a day passed but that glft came along, although they had only been reg1s.tered two months, had over £20 in hand, due to the1r own efforts He d Id

A I D. 263

thank the men for their support and their wives for giving up their husbands' company during these last few months. One man from the new Division had taken his place in the successful Goods Dept. Competition Team, and another was reserve man of the same team. This alone went to prove the keenness of the members.

District Officer T. McBride wished the new DIVISIon every success, although it seemed a very precocious baby second bar to the service medal which 1\Ir. Dye had won for 25 efficient years' sen-ice in tIle Brigade, very efficient service he would like to add.

Votes of thanks \ycre passed to the Railway and Brigade Officers and other guests for their presence and to the Concert Party for their excellent programme and seryices.

G. N. Section (L. N. E. R.) Ambulance Finals. The President, Ir. F. L. Steele, presenLing the Cup to the winning- team from Coh,-ick, Nottingham.

G E CE),TTRE.-The final competition of the G.E. Section held at the G.E. Mechanics' Institute, Stratford, 011 Thursday, April 10th.

The J udO'es were Dr. S. G. V. Harns (team and o. 5); Dr. R. (Nos), 3, the competino' beino': Ips\Ylch, 1\Iarch A, Palkeston A, " B,'? Colchester "A," Bishop's Stortford, and Cambridge" A "

The prize distribution was pres1ded over by Col. Johnson Galloway (Director of the Company and Pres1dent, G.E. Ambulance Centre) , He O'ave a short resume of the Centre s ar: d congratulated the members on the increased actlnty m first aid work.

Mr. T O. l\Iein, Centre Secretary, announced the results as follows :- II A "2001.

1, Parkeston " B," 202 points; 2, Parkeston , "2',

3, Colehe tn .. A," 196; 4, "-A," 5, Ips\\ ich, 165; 6) Cambridge I. A/' l4n; I, Incii\'lclual prIze was won hy l\1t. Cr. [elk Palkcstoll II A " team with SOl out of a pos I1>1e 65: "

The Chairman then presented the Centre s Cup to the winnin"· teal11 aile! indi"ic1ual prizes to c'leh 111cmber of the /"-. seven teal11 s.

The Parkeston B" and Parkcston A" teams wll1 represent the G.E. Section in the final of the L.N.E. Railway Ambulance which will be helel at a later elate for the election of two teatl1S to go forward for the Inter-Rallway Final.

1\1r. E. Russ propo ed a yote of thanks to the Judges, who replied , giving many useful A yote of thank to the Chamnan, proposed by the Captain of the winnin.e: team) brought the meeting to a successful close.

The North Eastern Area Centre held h eir Final Competition for thc " Vharton " Shield and select ing the team to meet the winnino- teams of the G.N., G.E., an d G.C sect ions, on April 12th. A large gather ing of officers of t h e Compa ny, medica l men and members of the gathe r e d in the spac ious gymnas i um of the R ai l.way York, and Dr. A. C. Wh ite Knox of London J u dged the SIX teams and placed them as follows ;- ,.,

1 Hull Station, 342 2, Leeds Police, .>11 ; 3, DarlI n gton Works, 300; 4, Newcastle Station, 283; 5. York C. &\t\'. Works, 274; 6, 1\liddlesbro' Station, 261. Maxim u l1l marks, 400.

1\1r. Thos. Hornsb\' (Di\'is onal Genera l l\lanager, York), presented the shi;ld and medals to the winners and spoke of the appreciation the COl:,pany had for the ambulance cause and its workers and W s h ed the Hull team every success in their further competitions

Dr. White Knox spoke of the good \-york done and was certain that each team would in case of necessity do rea l good work.

Dr. ]. G McBr ide (l\Iedical Officer of the Company) mo\'ed a \ ote of thank to 1\lr. Hornsby.

Capt. Ceo. Jackson (General Secretary) and his assistants the district secretaries, made exce l lent arrangements for the staging- of the competition, etc which represented a car smashing into crossing- gates, the car burstlllg mto flames and the driver suffering from fractu r ed thig h b u rns on face, han d s, etc.

London, Midland and Scottish.

The final competition of the L.l\I.S Ambulance Centre, for the prizes, etc , presented by the Company, "vas held on Friday, April 11th, at the Midland Grand Hotel, St. Pancras. The Judge were Dr. vv. Megaw) B.A., B.Sc., l\I.B. (Stoke-on- Trent), t.eam test; Dr. R. Wyse) M.B.E., M.A., M.D. (Birkenhead), individual; and Dr. ]. Jenkins Robb, O.B.E., M.D., D.P.H. (Birmingham), yiva-voce.

As last year, yisitors were handed a synopsis of the tests, but a further innovation was that the teams received no card of instruction in the team test, hut Llst told where they were and what time of the day it was. The team test was very interesting and the spectators ,,,'a tched each team with the utmost attention.

The result was announced as fo110''''s :-1) Live r pool (North Docks), 443 points; 2, Crewe Works (Machine Shop), 41St; 3, Horwich Works (Boiler Shop), 372i; 4, Bescot No.1) 366t; 5, Bristol Loco. No. I 6, Blythe Bridge, 357; 7) Bolton No 1, 353; 8, Brig-house, 9, St. Helens Junction, 315.

The first two teams will represen t the L.l\I. in the Inter-Railway Competition.

Lady Stamp presented the prizes to t he winning teams,

AID. Ap r il, 1930.

Clnd ;t!so awards to Mess r s. G. Ben '0 11) LOll<.iOIl Road and C. l\lartill, Sheffield, N l1 nner.y Sld1l1gs, for exccpt io Jl ally mer itorio u s first-aiel work dunn ,?' ,t h e pa st year. PrcsentatJOlls were also made to 24 L. l\ I. S Ambulance District Sccretanes

Vote of thanks to Lady Stamp and the j udges cnded the day's precccciings.

r' L.l\l. FIK.\L I .L \M fEST.

(Cllrd to bc giz'cII to NO.4 and Tca17/ bcforc cHtcrillg ro0111.)

Time-Kooll. CENE.-An island platform of a small suburban station with a frequent train serv i ce to and fro111 town.

The r e is a hospita l withi n 60 ya r ds of the statIOn. No train can be helel more than three ml11utes. Apart from this there will I?e no other. card given.

J uclge will answer all questIOns but mark s may be deducted for superfluous, trrele"ant or unnecessar y questions

Rush at once to Guard's call for help... 2

Send for ambulance material) Judge only one outfit" '" 3

Enquiry from Guard if he noticed passenger getting into train 8 Guard or J udge-" Yes, I think he got in two stations back, five miles away."

After brief examination-rcmoval to platform 4

Enquiry-Is he conscious? Judge In a state 0 f stupor" 4

Instruct Guard to restrain" fussy" indiyic1ual 4

The Guard in struggling with this man> accidentally pushes him off platform and immediately shouts Hi, here is another case."

Captain deputes two of his team to attend patient No. 2 4

Guard now says, " I must be off." Captain-" vVait a minute for ·examination of carriage" 10 J f not seen before) Captain should now see two bottles and some vomited matter; one me11s of carbolic or 1)'sol 6

one of cough mixture (chlorodyne) 6

Instruct Guarcl to lock compartment in case of further inyestigation

Guard si g-nals with flap; and whis tles train to pro- ceed.

Enquiry re breathing

J udge- " Almost ceased."

Note colour of lips and tongue-vVhite 4Note odour of l)reath and diagnoses" Carbolic acid poisoning"

Proceed at once to artificial re piratiol1

Marks for correct administration and correct mcthod of artificial respiration 12

Judge- CI None ayailable."

Enquiry n : hospital

J udge-" Sixty yards away outside station. The man has commenced to breathe."

Enquiry 1'C ohtaining' Epsom or Glauber salts and milk

10 ] udge- CI How much?"

Hcllf oz. to half pint of milk

( Tf emetic is given deduct 20 1IWI ks )

The following if asked for will be crecliteclOlive oi l

Salad oil

Medicated paraffin

Hot flannels

Poultices to front of neck

Demulcent drinks-barley or gruel

Frequent sips of cold water

Raw

Strong' tea

Treatme n t () f shock and collapsc

L oad stretche r

Decide to carry h im to hospital

E n q u i r y before departing as to No.2 patlcnt

If No.4 goes with patient No. 1 us he ongll! to do t h en states messages ahout No.2 patJcnt and stretcher

Patient No.2, on trying- to rIse, out

"Oh my leer . I Jla\'e cut my rlg-1lt hand 'b I I" thro u gh fa ll ing· on hroken )otl c.

Is it a r terial ? Yes

Is h cemor r hao'e cont r olled by pressur e on radial and u l nar t Judg-e-" Yes"

S I10W man how to do so...

Immediately lift him up on to platfor 1"\

Carry him by t'l(Jo-handcd scat to waltlllg room

J udge- CI Why two-handed?"

Correct answer

On arriving, attend first to hccmorrhag·c, after making l eg comfortable

Any foreign hodie ?

J udge-" No."

3 s 3 5 .) 8 6 3 2

hottle. In a few minutes he staggers, pants 111 his iJreathing and collapses.

(a) \7v'hat has he probably takcn?

(

b) How WIll you make sure?

(c) Treat him.

Tllerc are t\\·o mcn present who know nothing ahout first aid.

(a) Prussic acid

(h) Examine label on hottle, smell it and smell breath

(c) Schafer-al once Turnin g patient

Expiration

Inspiration

Rhythm TO ."

Asking-" Is he breathing?" Ans\ver-" using' the two men :- .

To get brandy, sal yolatlle

To O'et cold water

To bare his back

To douche back and head

C\RD 2. - He has now begun to breathe. Continue Schafer

Aour heaten

Lady Stamp presenting the L.l\. : In JlI <1nce 11

I s \ 1 SI 'eld to the \\'i nners, Li\"errool North Dock Team.

Clean ing' wound-method

Dressin o of wound-pad and bandage

St. J ohl7 sling

Exposing ankle-boot and st.ockmg off " 1

Examination re"eals swellIng, ddormltj irregularity outside of (lJld Ub07!C nght ankle.

Diao·nosis of fractured fibula : limb by holdlll); ankle and foot..

Drawn clown into natural

Apply two splints; outer and l11ner

Apply 5 bandages) one round hoth knees

Neatness in handagl11g-

Loading on stretcher which should have

If stretc h er not a r rived then send to hospItal f01 one. d { t k ') (If tll is li as been neglected C( lie J Illord Total

PART" B "-TND I V TDUAL I JJURIES.

N 1 CARD 1.

O. cl1 - 11 I\.- from a small You sec a man

2 Tell men to rub hmb .) -I:2 5 4 3 -I;l 3 8 260

No.2. ' _ h 10· f a caf-

This man was \\"orkll1g neal t e'lechc l<?pped and fold, he \\"as u si ng a hea\'y spanner \': llC SIr feet he fell off the platform a dlstance °lt sC!!l1 f e H I' s of a yery tender ane pam u b e all1. _ He tells you the pain cam.e lin also complains of pain in hIS r f _l g h ht )e 01 e f' d a sharp pomt 0 e leo' \\"here there is de on:11ty an h k· He has been .1:">. 1 te 11'11(T to pIerce e s Ill c. ttbla IS uea I 1:"> vI' un killed assls- Ii fted into a warm hed. ou. la\ e tance and bandages, but 110 spll11ts.

Diagnosing rupture "

Hip must be kept flexed

Cold to hernIa .,.

Raising' head and shoulders 0 for both leg of fracture, three banclabes Feet well raised

Our Nurses' Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

No. 1 DIsTRIcT.-Believed to have been the oldest member of a ursing Division still actively associated with the St. John Ambulance Brigade, Miss Edith Bourke, Lady Superintendent of No.1 (Stoke Newington) Di vision, died on Sunday, l\Iarch 23rd. Though well ove r 70 years of age, Miss Bourke carried on her ,,-ork with vigour and enthusiasm until within a few days of her death, which was due to pneumonia, of a few days' duration.

The Stoke ewington ursing Division was the first to be formed in the Metropolitan District exactly 40 years ago, -the \>;ork of the Brigade having been previously confined to men: and Miss Bourke was one of the first to join. Only a few days before her death she received the coveted honour of Officer of the Order of the Knights of St. John. One of her two sisters, now retired from the work of the Brigade, is a Lady of Grace of the Order.

1\1iss Bourke was buried at Southampton on March 26th, the first part of the funeral service tak in g place at St. l\latthew's, Upper Clapton, where a company of more than 50 T ursing Officers and members in Brigade uniform paid their last tribute of respect and affection.

CAMP AT OSBoRr\E.-During the period of the tra1l11l1g thIS year, Lord Plumer has consented to inspect the V.AD 's. An invitation to visit t,he camp has been sent to representatives of the international branches of the B.R.CS., who \\"ill be attending a conference in London It is hoped that they will be able to ac cept. The. BIshop of Portsmouth (Dr. eville Lovett) will officIate at a drum-head service on Whit. Sunday.

. V.AD. Saturday, March 15 th, )'1aJor C. L. Frankl1l1, 1\1.C, RAM.C (representing the Deputy DIrector of Medical Services? Western Command), on behalf of the War Office, carned out an insp ect ion of the Women's V.AD.'s of West Lanc ashi re at the T erritorial Army Drill Hall, Chorley. He exam ined those in first aid, home nursing, gene r a l ward work, and mvalJd cookery, in all of which he found the work of the members satisfactory.

The annual inspection of B.R.CS. Women's D etachments in the County of Somerset was held at the Wessex DrIll Bath, on March 29th, the inspecting officer bem& Major Anderson, R.AM .C, accompanied by Brig.-Gen. FrIth, CB.. (Cotmty Controll e r) , La dy Waldegrave (County PresIdent), also attending .

The detachments-Somerset 108 and Somerset 120up under their Commandants, Mrs GoldIe and Mrs. Ealand, and were 1l1 spected first in parade and divided .into three squads. Tests were gIven 111 practIcal first aId and h ome nursing while the cooks. ?f detachment managed to produce some dIshes ur:der trying circumstances. At the concl the Inspectmg Officer said that h e was well pleased WIt h the smart and goo d discipline of those and the qUIet effiCIency with which th e tests were carned out.

V.AD.'s FORMED AT CITY OF LONDO N BANKS -Miss QUlckett, Lady Superintendent at the H ead Office of the Westmmster Bank in .Lothbury, has had , up to the the. honour of havl11g organised the only V.A.D. of b?d 111 London, the members of which assist at the I:Iospital. N ow, however, this monoP Jly IS rapIdly coml11g to an end, as the Lady Super-

intendent at the Bank of England, l\Iiss G Stretton, IS forming a simi lar detachment there

A :.JEW V.AD -A women's detachment of the B.R.CS has recently been formed-E ssex 56 (Wanstead) -with 1\1rs. E . Turner as Commandant, Miss E. Parry Assistant Commandant, and 11rs F. Railton, Lady intendent. Both 1\1rs. Turner and 1\1rs. Railton saw considerable scrlyice in nursing the wounded during the war.

The members will assist the men's detachment on the cross roads at \ Vanstead during the week ends, as well as gi,'c their services in other \yays for the relief of the sick and suffering.

Compotitions are still the order of the day. Recently , such te ts have taken place at the following cities ami towns :DoxcAsTER.-The Chequer Road Boys' School, Doncaster, I"as the scene of 0 .) District S.J.AB. Final Competitions on Saturday, l\Iarch 15th. In the tests for Nursing Diyisions there were eight entrants. The judges \\"ere Dr. J. 1\1. Ham (Doncaster), home nursing, oral; Dr. B. Hart (Armthorpe), first aid, oral; uniforms and preparation of a bed for a rheumatic patient, Mrs. Pickering and l\Irs. Phillips; team test-which consisted in attending to an old man who had fallen down in an apopletic fit, causing a fracture to the right leg and a wound aboye the elbow ilwolying an artery-the County Surgeon, Dr. Huey

The results of the competitions were announced after the tea interval, the teams being placed as follows:-

1, Denaby Main, 518 marks; Bullcroft 480!· Doncaster 373; Rossington, 340i; Askearn, 312; 'Brods;vorth, 1991: The Pickering Shield was thus for the second time won by Main _Nursing Division. This year, Mrs. Pl.ckenng very _kmdly presented certificates, made as replIcas of the shIeld, to each member of the winning team. fhese she personally handed to the wmners while 1\1rs. Phillips gave the shield into their keeping) for another yea r.

In announcing the results, Dr. Huey said that the tests had been fairly. simple, and he was rather surprised at the number of mIstakes practically every team made. One team forgot to send for the doctor, which omission cost them ten marks He suggested that the teams did not. read. the questions properly. They were not timed whI le domg thIS, and he wished to impress on the candidates the need for carefully readino- and understandino· what was given to them. He would lik e them to enter more competitions with neighbouring Divisions. This would prove very llelpful.

Dr. Hart said that he considered the wo rk had been :lVell done afternoon. He humourously suggested that If t h e partIcular team to which Dr. Euey referred had sent fo r a doctor, the patient would probably hav e died as quickly or even more so.

on the uniforms, Mrs. Phillips exp ress ed adm IratIon for the way the nurses had got into t heir uniforms and had adapted themselves to the new regulations.

?he was pleased to see that the ambulance ,-,York was g r owIng among them. congratulated them on their general appearance and rem111ded them of the lines hano-in o· at t h e back of that h a ll-" If I may not wi n) make b a good loser."

April, 1930. FIRST

NEWCASTLE.-No. 6 District, S.J.AB., final competitions were held on Saturday, March 22nd, at the Westgatc Road Schools, Newcastle, when a l arge amount oi public in terest in the event was shown The Lady J\Iayoress, Miss Stephenson, attended, she being also .C one of the Brigade "-of which fact she said she was ycry proud-and kindly presented the awards at the close of the competitions

The results of the nursing tests were as follows:Burdon Challenge Cup. (Total marks obtainable, 310.) 1, Northumberland Elswick Works Nursing Division, 250; 2, N. and E. Yorks. Kingston Nursing Division, 2-1-81-; Durham City Nursing Division, 205.

In the Burdon Challenge Cup Competition, a cup is awarded to the member from each county who scores the highest marks. The winners this year were :-Northumberland (Ritchie Cup), 1\1iss vVheclans; Durham (Atkinson Cup), Miss Robson; N and E. Yorks (Beyan Cup), 1\1iss Barke r.

The Storey Efficiency Cup was won by Felling Kursing Division, Newcastle Western Nursing Division being the runners-up.

NORTHAMPToI\.-An excellent entry of nine teams was received for the competition, which was held at the S .J .A.B. Headquarters, Northampton, on Saturday, l\1arch 29th. Out of a possible score of 310, the following marks were allotted:-

vVellingborough Victoria, Korthampton Headquarters, Castilian, 21n; Twywell, 208; Spencer, Kettering Headquarters, 19-1-; Higham Ferrers, 192; Desborough, Towcester, 172l

At the close of the tests, Dr. Beaumont gave the competitors some advice as to where they needed special care in their work. He congratulated the winners, and hoped that they would do well in the Leicester competitions. To the new teams he spoke a word of encouragement.

The judges were, Dr. Beaumont and Miss Claydon (1\1atron, St. John's Hospital, \ Veston Fayell), team test; Dr. Emily Shaw, individual first aid; Lady Supt. Page (vVellingborough Headquarters), bedmaking; Lady District Supt. Mrs. Haney Reeves, AR.RC, uniforms .

SIIEFFIELD.-Six teams from S.J.A.B. Nursing Divisions etl tered for a competition for the Perrott Cup, which was held at the Headquarters of the Sheffield Corps on Saturday, 1\larch 15th. The judges were, Div. Surgeon J. B. Fairclough, Corps Officer \\ '. Leyland (Pontefract), and 1\1iss Prime (Children'S Hospital).

vVombwell team secured first place and the cup. In addition to this, they hold the Ashberry Cup for a year, and each member received a replica given by tbe donor of the cup, L ady District Supt. l\Iiss Ashberry. The winners will now compete in the District Finals to be held this month.

SHREWSBURY.- Jo. 7 S.J.A.B. District Final Competitions were held at Shrewsbury on April 3rd, \yhen seven teams competed for the honour of representing Shropshire and Hereforclshire in the Brigade finals to be held in May. Oswestry team was awarded first place and the shield, Shrewsbury No. 1 team gaining second place and a silver cup.

TRuRo.-Competitions were llelcl at the British L egion Headquarters, Truro, on 1\larch 22nd, to which team should r cpresent Cornwa ll and Deyon 111 the Perrott Shield Competition next month. Tests were giyen in practical fi' st aid and home nursing (judged by Dr. E S. Tooo-ood of Liskca!-d and Miss vVhiteman of Falmouth), as"\ve ll as an oral examination ill the same subjects (judged by Dr. R. G. Nethery, Rayle1 and Dr. E. . Coldrey, Cambornc).

AID. 267

Th e team test conSIsted in treating a boy who had bcen run ove r by a car and had r eceived an injury to the leg; and in calming the mother, who r an out from a nearby cOLtage. The results we r e :-1, Newton Abbot, 256 marks; 2, Paignton, 230; 3, St. Ives, 4, Plymouth, Ford; 5, Constantine; 6, Sherwell; 7, Penzance .

The shield was presented to Newton Abbot, while thc team received a cup, and the third team a consolalion prize presented by the Lady President of St. hes Jursing Division, 1\lrs. J. Daniels.

CIIELTENFIAl\I.-The annual competltlOns of the Gloucestershire Branch of the B.R.CS. took place at Cheltenham on l1arch 22nd. The ten teams were judged if:. first aid, individual, by Dr. Pim (vVinchcombe); home nursing, individual, l\Iiss Plo\\-man (Bristol); team work, first aid, Col. Goddard and Col. Baird (vVorcester), and home nursing, Miss Brend and 1\1iss Mee (Bristol Royal Infirmary); cookery, l1iss Shellard and l1iss Roe (Bath).

At the close of the tests, 1\1iss Allen, the County Director, announced the results as under:-

1, Leckington, with 712 marks out of a possible 870; 2, Prestbury, 649; 3, Gloucester City (32), 643; 4, Minchinhampton, 630; 5, Stroud, 619; 6, Gloucester City (96), 568; 7, Dumbleton, 564; 8, Dursley, 560; 9, Fairfold, 537; 10, Circencester, 474

Leckington thus gained the County Cup and will represent the County in the competition at Newport, while the Rose Bowl was awarded to Prestbury as runners-up. The winners of the cups given by Lady Bathurst for cookery were Miss ·Wright (Gloucester) and Miss Walker (Dumbleton). Lady Bathurst presented these as well as the other trophies at the close of the proceedings.

EXETER .- Some excellent work \\"as performed by Dcyon detachments of the B.RCS at a competition held at Exeter on 11arch 26th. The trophies competed for \yere the :;\1ason and the Fortescue Cups for tests (indiyiclual and team) in first aid and home nursing, and the Acland and Trefusis Cups for practical and theoretical cookery In each competition marks I\"ere a,,-arded for uniforms. The judges were :-Indiyidual first aid, l\Iajor Anderson, R.A.1I. C) Indiyidual home nursing, Miss \i\f att, Q AI.)'I. S.. 1\1ilitary Families Hospital, Devonport; team work. Lieut.-Col. E\'ans) RA.1I. C, and l\Iiss J oliffe, :;\Iatron, Alexandra House : uniforms, Hugh Christie, Deputy President, Cor11\\"a11 Branch; cookery, :\1rs. Hook} Taunton.

The l\Iaso-n Cup was \\-on by Torquay who gained 9-1--1marks out of 1,000; and the Fortescue Cup by Barnstaple \yith 915 marks Exeter came third ,,-ith 8-1-3 marks; Honiton, fourth (792i); Teignmouth, fifth (756); Plymouth, sixth (75-1-); Totncs, seYenth (727); Tiverton, eighth (70-1-); Tavistock, ninth (630).

In the cookery te t; Crediton secured first place and the Acland Cup ,,-ith -1-18 marks out of a possible 525 mark, and Dawlish was placed second with 40g. marks, thus g·aining· the Trcfusis Cup. The other result were:3. St. )'1ary (397); -1-, Plymouth (378); 5, Instow (369); 6, Torquay 7, Exeter (3-1-6); 8, Totnes (339)

Torquay will represent Deyon in the fir t eliminating round of the tanley hicld Competition .

LEAlIIIKGTOX.-The \\' arwick hire Branch of the B.R.CS held the eliminating competition for the Stanley hicld on Saturday, ).larch 22nd, six teams having entcred for the cycnt. The results were :-1, Leamington (812 marks): 2, Stratford-on-Avon (709); 3, Kineton (6-1-1); -1- , outham (620) ; 3) Knowles (611); 6,. horough (-1-61). The winners will \V anvlckshlre at the Area Competition to be held .thlS month, whe? they will meet teams from Worcestershlre and ShropshIre.

l\1ANClIESTER.-Teams from Cheshire) E. Lanes., \rV. Lancs .) and Staffordshire Branches of the B.R.C.S. met at the Albert Hall, l\Ianchester, 011 ;\1a reh 22ml to take part in the eliminating round of the Stanley Shield Competition. _ CheshIre secured first place and \\ ill now go 011 to the finals.

The" accident" \\ as \\ 'e ll staged. A \\ orkman had been throwll into a cellar by the collapse of some brickwork. There lay the victim (cheerfully impersonated b) a boy scout) with a wound and inj ury to the skull indicated by red plaster, and a heayy beam across his thig-h. One of the spectators who had approached the scene \\'a s quickly seized the yarious teams to clear a\yay the bncks. A pencIl and paper were borrowed fr0111 him to write a mes age to the doctor, wi t h \\ hich he \ya ' despatched. Another man was sent in search of hot \yater bottles and tea. Altog'ether the entrants sho\\ed a good supply of resource and a high standard of efficiency.

PLYr-lOUTIl.-For the first time for -e Yell years the " TLady.l\lary St. Aubyn " Challenge CuP., competed for hy \. .AD attached thc in the coullty, ha s cnang-ed hands, haVing been \\'on by De\'O I1 \ T.A.D. -1-. The competltlOn was held at St. ;\1atthia Hall, Plymouth, o n ;\Iarch 19 th, the judges being ::,\1iss Dickson p1atrol1 S. Deyon and E. COrIl:\'all Hospital) and l\Iajor Bado, R.A:\I C., team test Jl1 Fu- Aid and Home Kursing; :\1iss Shrew bury (Royal Nanl Hospital, Ston e house), llldlndual practIcal and .ora.l .Home Surg.-Lieut. A L. l\IcDonnell, RN., 1l1dl\'I dual Fir t Aid; :'\1iss Moore and l1rs. Truscott, cookery.

Dcyon -I- was allotted 808; Deyon 82) 750; Deyon 2, marks. The" D Challenge Cup for cookery was \\ ?n by Deyon 82 \\,Ith -1-60 marks Deyon 2 being second \\ -1--1-9. The trophIes \\ 'e re presented by the Hon. Mis Allce Brand.

SID?f.OuTII.-The Honiton Diyisional Preliminary CumpetitlOn for the" Mason" Cup \\'as held at on :.\1arch 20th. The "Kenna\\'ay" and Colerido'e we.re competed for on that day. Dr. Datt of Exeter, J ed the tests, and the troph Ies ,,-e re presen teel to the Wl1111ers by the County Director, Brio-.-Gen F Ed\yards ;::,

The results were :-1, Honiton Oa l'lll-110- tIle " K " C 2' ,-. ennaway up; Seaton., 728, g:ainin o the Cup; 3) Ottery St. Mary, 72-1-t; -1-' Budleit;:-h Salterton 773 marks. 'D, -

_ The judge aid that some good \york had been peri?rmed afternoon, but ! he teams were too 10\\'. They "ould ha\ e to work hard 111 order to reach the standarel necessary to beat Somerset in the final competition.

STONEH.\M.-The final round of the "L . -" C which is open to teams of Y A h J omed the B R C S' h S \\ 0 a \ c h ;, C' e war and haye neyer taken part 111 t e ooper' C C March 76th h H ompetltlOn, was held 011 - ,at t e ampshlre Home of Reco\ 'e ry Stoneham entrants \\'ere Alresford \' AD H' t 1-1--1\\-ho gamed 105 marks; and Fareham \ TA D" Han St' 30' who scored T' ,.. an s. (Sister Tutor a\ I hS lEdges were Sister \V ood Hospital) in Home COCllnt'1·alnd ,S1ollthamRP toll \ , t H _ 1:'-' c .• I ncr > oore C oj"ll IC ona ospltal, etIey) in First Aiel ( The Cup will be pres tit I' Tuly 3rd on wh' h d en cc 0 t Wll1ll111g,' team 011 13 R C S' " IC a) Hamp hIre Branch of the \\ III hold a reYlc\Y and d' I 21st anni\'ersary of its formaCtion. ISP a) to celebrate th e

I tems (Di\isionai news and com e' i. dutIes, lectures etc) fo thO p tit o n, SOCIal, Interesting Sister, c/o The be se n Lo Ambulance D, 4, annon S ·. , London, E.C.4.

Jlmbulance j\(ews euttings from the Slress.

Tn e Edll"r invites r..ea ders to cuttings on matter uf gene r a mt e Jest for IDclusJOn In this co lumn.

GL.\SS CAUSES DE r\TI!.

An old man of vVicldord, Essex, placed an e lecl l-ic bulb on a chair and forgot it.

Then he sat on the bu lb, which exp l oded. Pieces of the entered l:is body; and he died hortlyafterwards at Southend Dispatch

NEW CSE FOR BISHOP'S G1RDLE.

A. g-irdle h<'ls figured in a new Ji g h t for the fir st tIme prob<'lbly In the hi story of the Church.

Bishop .-\.shton, ?f Lismore, \\'ho cond u cted the Sund ay 111 the ydJage of Nevv South \ Vales, \\ as s.tand,ng at the door 111 h IS robes welcoming th e worshIppers, \\ hen a lady stepped on a snake, which bit her on the and into the long g-rass

Th e BIshop unfasten ed hi s episcopal girdl e, :vhlch .was used _as a 1.lgature ; and \v as com'eyed II1to LIsmore fOI medIcal treatment. She IS no\\' well on th e road to Exp1'l'ss,

TJlIW \T Cl:T TO SAVE L1FE.

_-\ who deliberately cut hi patient's throat is for. the sav ing of the life of a patient in St. Michael s Hospital, Toronto.

The man was ru -hed to the ho spital s ufferin rr from acute ('edema of the larynx. were g iven and made to the throat; but they afforded onl), temporary relief. !he patIent began sud denly to gasp for air, and ;elapsed II1tO unconscIOusness.

.\ hou se surgeon, with great presence of mind imm ediately. made an incision in the lower part of t1;e throat openIng the trachea, and thus allowing the air to enter lun g.

Artificial respira.tion w as resorted to; and soon the patient \va s able to breathe. A tu be was then inserted to overcome the in the \yindpipe. Th e patient reporl e:l to be. 1111 provll1g and to have a good chance of recO\·ery.-Dazly Express.

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Red Cross Branch News.

An Empire Red Cross Confercncc is to be held in London from l ay 19th to l\Iay 2-1-th. H.ed Cross workers from cyery. of, the world are to attend. Ten years ago the Bntlsh Rcd Cross Society extended its work from thc relief of suffering caused by war alonc to the relief of suffering anel the improvement of health in time of peacc The confercnce has been called to examine the experience of those 10 yeilrs, and to discuss how the Reel Cross may be made an cycn more power ful weapon against SIckness and cltsease. On l\Iay 19th the conference will be o pened at St. James's Palace by the Duke of York Chairman of the Council of the British Reel Cross Society. The conferencc Will conclude on Empire Day) 1\1ay 24th) \nth a great rally of V.AD.'s at Hatfield and an inspection by Prmcess Mary) the Commandant-in-Chief. It is hoped that dUrIng thc confercnce delegates who represent thc Reel Cross Societie 01 the Empire will be receiyed by the: Queen, as PreSident of the British Reel Cross Society. The Lord l\Iayor v, ill entertain the delegates.

CO\TEKTRY .-;\l cmbers of the :;\1cn' Detachment of the Conntry Briti h Red Cro s Society took part in the annual competition for the Grant Beamish" Indiyidual Challenge Cup, at the Drill Hall) Queen Victoria Road, Oil ,, -ednesday e\'ening) March 19th.

The case wa a topical "one-a aloon car hael O\ 'e rturned and caught firc when the ambulance man happened to pass to find it clriyer lying uncon cious close to the car, 11aYing been pulled out of it by a passino' cyclist. The sc hedule of marks was yery comprehensiyc, and the competitors had to usc much thought and imag:ination to pick up many of the point in the general eliag-nosi and treatment.

The j uelges were the Medical Officer of the Detachment (Dr. L. T. Eden), thc Transport Commandant (;\Ir. H. 1\larshall)) and 1\1r. V'l. Grant Beami h. The competi tion was keen, and the j udg-es \\' ere faced with a difficult task. The winner of the cup was Pte. Gilbert) 86 marks, the runncr-up was Section Leader Parker) 8-1mark, and Pte. Harris was third with 83 marks.

Dr. Eden afterwards addre sed the competitors) referring to the high standard of the work and congratulating the \\ inncr, a econd year man, on his performance. All young men might do far \\'o rse than join thc Detachment and devote some of their spare time to the interesting and in tructiYe work that they would find to do.

EASTER 1 Cou ·TIES.-The Eastern Counties r ound of the Stanley Shield competition took place on aturciay, April 5th.

The result were:-

\V omen's Teams.-l, Suffolk; 2 Call1brid o'e hire; 3, Nodolk.

11en's Competition.-1, Suffolk; 2, Tottingham hire, 3, odolk; -+, Essex; 5, Cambridge hire; 6, Lincolnshire.

Tn bolh cases, Sllff lk w as represented by a Bury St. Edmund's team. The women's being drawn from the Bury St. Edmund's Voluntary Aid Detachment, Suffolk/18, and consi ted of l\liss 1'I1aq;aret Ebsworth, Assistant Commandant (Leader), l\Ii s Iris Garri h, Ir. Steggles, liss Queenic Him on, 1\1r Fleet anc1l\Iiss Edna 11ark\nll, while the men's team was from the Red Cross Detachme11t. Bury S1. Edmund's, Sullolk / 15. being COI11posed of \Vr. T. :i\Iark\\'ell (Leader).

\ \'m. Last, Alhnt Cattoll, Clcment 11arsh, \ \'illi::tlll ShLl\\' and ArLllUr E. l-1ulJncyGcIi.

Suffolk's women's team hayc to take pan 111 another competitlOn agamst a London team while the team ha:-e no.\\' for the final of the Stanley Shield, \\ hlCh IS be1l1g,' held 111 London on l\Iay 1-+th.

NORTIBLLE.RTON.-The eliminating competition for t12e Stanley ShIeld took place on Saturday, April 5th, at :-.lorthallerton, \"hen teams representl11 o the fol1owin o counties \nre judged: Yorkshire North Ridin a Viest Lancashire, East Lancashire, i{orthUl::;berland and Durham.

The placings were a follows: Yorkshire, North Riding, 816 points out of a possible 1)000; \rVest Lancashire, 768; Che hire ) 758; East Lancashire, 6951; :0Iorthumberland, 633; Durham, 613.

Three. officers of the Northern Command, were the Judges. Repre entlOg: t he orth Riding was a GUl boroug:h which won. the Sir Hugh Bell Cup at the ?'Iorth Rldll1g: Red Cro s Field Day last year.

N"oRwlcII.-On Thursday, March 20th the men' Detachments of the X orwich Diyision of the British Red Cro Society held their annual inspection at Sucklin a House, when the Inspecting Officer was Col. vV. R P. Good -win, D.S.O., RA1I.C., AD.)'I.S Colchester. Other officer present wcre 1Irs. Harker, Co'unty Director, N orfolk Branch; Lady Ballance, Vice-President Norwich and C. \V. Steel, Secretary, Norwich Dl\' ISlon. The consisted of bandaging, stretcher \york, Thoma plInt and first aid tests. The following Detachments were represented: Detachment 15 (L. P. Clements, Commandant; H. \\1. v\-orman) Assistant Commandant; F. L. Hooper) Quarterma ter). Detachment 31 (R G. Bushell , Comma12dant; \V. R SmIth, Quartermaster) Detachment 3.J CH J. Howard, Commandant; G. F. Hurley, Quartermaster); and Detachment 43 (W. Hurrell, Quartermaster). The total strength represented was 89 of all ranks. The Inspecting: Officer expressed him elf generally atisfied \"ith the effieienc) of the men's detachment and particularly congratulated t\yO of the detachments upon the high standard hO\\,11.

Reviews.

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Queries and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under tbe following rules;-

1. -Letters containing Queries must be marked on tbe top left band corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon, street, London, E. C. 4.

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3.- The Textb ook, to which reference msy be made in these columns is tbe 38tb 1I928) Edition of S J.A. A. Manual of First Aid.

TREADIR:-\T OF DOG BITE.

C. K. (Highgate) -\\Te ha\'e recently been ha\ ing a contro\'ersy in our Di\ i ion and appeal to you to settle point.

Some of our members maintain that the fir t ligature in Treatment of Dog Bite should be the one nearest the body and tbat alcohol should be gi\'en in accordance \\'ith the Textbook (Rule 2, p. 132). Others in the Di\'ision, being the senior and more efficient members, in, i t that the first ligature is placed round finger or \uist and that no alcohol should be giwn. "Till you plea. e settle our problem?

The junior members of your Di\'ision are correct, according to the Re\'ised Textbook, as to the first ligature which should be placed "as near the trunk as possible" (Rule 1, p. 132). They are in correct, ho\ye\ 'e r, a to admini:,tration of brandy \\'hich is onl\, to be administered when the dog suffcrfng from CORBET FLETCHER.

EXA;\U:-\ATIOX HO"·LER.

A. (Oldbam).-At a recent :\'ursing- Examination a candidate \\'as asked how he would gi\'e an enema.

After a fe\\' moments hesitation, she ga\'e thi astonishing reply. -" If it u'as a soap and L(later enema, I should gi7Je it'ii.n'th a knife." She certainly intended it to get home!

Good! :\'ext, please! !-:\".C.F.

FRACTURES OF BOTH CLA \ ICLES.

G. C. (Cricklewood).-Please tell us \\'hat is the correct treatment for Fractures of both ClaYicle. I am not sure if it would be bcst to treat each fracture as laid down in but \yithout the St. Johl1 Slings, and then to tIe a bandage round the arms with its knot in back of patient. Your opinion on this point \\ 'o uld be much appreciated,

The objection to your suggested method is that the shoulders \yould tend to tilt forward whereas the main object of treatment is to brace them backward.

You could, of course, place pads in each armpit and flex: f?rearms at an acute angle across the chest. Then you cou ld tie one end of a bandage to each arm just abo\'e the elbo\\' pass the bandages behind the patient's back, bring- the ends .of the forward, and then complete treatment by t):rng them off 111 front in such a way that support would be gJ\'en to forearm.

This method is likely to be difficult especially if you are srngle-handed. Consequently, I favour a method \\'hich shocked :ome of my readers. when I last ad"ocated it, a lthough It wa bqsect on practIcal experience, First, place

thick pads of cotton \yoo1 on the broken cla\ icles and then treat each as laid do\\'n in Te:s:tbook, making sure that the St. John lings are not pres ing directly on fracture. Su ch method usually gin's rclief to patient, although it not recommended for the Competition Room.

Finalh', \\'ith Fractures of both Clm icle8 thcre " 'ould probably a marked degree of hock. If, therefore, for this reason patient requircd remoyal in recumbent po iti on, you could extend upper limbs, place them in clo e to the body and tie them in this position with bandage at elbo\\' and \uist. - .:\.C. F.

FR,\CTCRE OF LO\\'ER l-\\\'.

R. G. (Bentley). Gnder Treatment of Lo\\'er ]a,,' the Tex tbook tells us to U::ie t\\'o narro\\' bandages and to lit these "abo\'e forehead" and "at back of head."

it mean us to tic half knots or full reef knot ? We await your ruling \\ hich ",ill ettle a dipute \\'ithin Our Diyision.

If the Te:s:tbook had intended you to tie half-knot s, ;t ,,'o uld ha\'e specified uch. So tie reef knots, good and true, "abO\'e forehead" and "at back of head," and make a ecure job of it.-.:\.C.F.

IXjL'RIES TO BLADDER.

I- :\". (De\\'sbury).-The igns and symptoms of Injurie:, tv Bladder, cau::.ed by Fracture of Pch is, are mostly to be obtained from a con -c ious patient.

(1) Is it possible to ascertain if the bladder is injured, if the patient is unconscious? :-\lso (2) if the case ",ere treated for Simple Fracture of Peh'is as laid down in the Textbook (p. 123) ,,'ould not the bro ad bandage round the hips ha\'e a tendency to aggra\'ate the injury to the bladder? lYe shaH appreciate your kind ans\\'er to the e questions.

(1) If, after an accident associated \\'ith Fracture ot Peh is, the patient i - unconscious, the po 'ib ilityof injury tl) the bl a dder may be su pected as part cause of the hock : but definite signs of this condition do not present themselH' until some time after the accident \"hen the urine has h ad time to percolate through the tissue

(2) If the bandage be applied in accordance with the instruction of Te:s:tbook (Rule 3, p. 72) no aggru\'atiol1 of the injury to the bladder can result.--:J. C. F.

A TRAGIC Bu.; :\DER.

P. S. (Cardiff).-I should like to ask you ,,'hether or no you \,"ould accept as an "amusing" item a story of the con\'ersion of a simple into a compound fracture through incautious handling by bystanders, and include it among you interc ting series of "Humours of Firs t Aid."

AO! I would regard the occurrence as a tragic blunder and treat the tory accordingly. C. F.

BRIG,\DE REGL'l ATloxs.

\V.L. (Midland ).-1 shall be grateful if you will answer these questions in your next issue of FIRST .-\,m, \\'hich always settles our difficulties.

(1) Is a Lady Superintendent obliged to appoint a Di\'isional Committee?

(2) I s it usual for new appointments to be made 'without consulting the members of the Di\'ision ? and why should Corps uperintendent and Ambulance interfcre with appointments in Nursing Di\'islons?

(1) Brigade Regulations set out the con titution and functions of the Divisional COlTll11lttec and the Lady

April, 19.30.

FIRST

Di\'isional Superintendent ha:. 110 oice in the appointment thereof

(2) A ominatiol1s for appointments to X ursing Di\ ision : are ubmitted b\' the Lad\, Di\'isional Superintendent after con ultation \\ 'it h the D[\'i i<;lI1al Committee Indeed wc kno \\' OI1lC Commissioners and ,\ssistant C01l1mis who \\·ill not accept an}' nomination it accolllpanied by a certificate that the candidate for office "acceptable' to the members of Di\'isional Commitlee.EOITOR.

DESCRIPTIO1\' OF ClH.CCLATlOX.

G E. ( Did cot).- \\Tith reference to the Indi\ idul Te ,t on the circulation ,,'hich wa et in a recent " 'alton Colliery Competition, \\'ould a First ,-\ider lose mark for omitting to mention the right \ entricle, as i" done in the detailed marking heet?

1 do not know but I hope that the l)l1li" ion \\ ct di co\'ered and correct-ed in the detailed marking sheet before the d ay of the cOl11petition.-:\" F.

FRA TlUl.J! A:-\D CRL'SHED FOOT.

S. H. (Carh\'ood).-I am an in tructor in First .\id and shaIl be obliged if you "'ill tell me if \\'e are :ight in using t " '0 splints, one inside and one oulsIde, for Fracture of right Femur accompanied by cru hed left Fool.

Your difficulty i not apparent, 1110rc e:,pecially as Textbook no,,' teaches you to apply an outside splint only tor Fracture of Fel11ur.-X. C. F.

TI{E.\ DIE:\T OF LYSOL POISOXI:-\G.

S.S. (Langdale).-Recently a man in our nighbourhood s\\'allo"'ed -+ oz. of Lysol and \\'as treated b,' a chemist \\'ho ga\ e him Oli\:e Oil only by the mouth. ,\s I knew the chemist, I asked him \\ 'hY-)1e had not gi\'en Epsom 'alt in milk, and \\'a told by him that this would create too much Carbonic ,\cid and cau:,e Lhe patient to be su1Tocated by the fumes. I \\'ould like know if the treatment gi\'en by the chemi, t \\'as correct; and I may add that the doctor had to perform tomy to the s\\'ollen condition of the throat and that the patient is stillli\'ing.

Carbonic .\cid Ga is formed when an acid reacts \\ ilh an alkaline carbonate. 0, as there is no carhonate in Epsom Salts, the explanation is incorrect.

The administration of Oli\'e Oil \\'ith L\' 01 Poisoning is quite good emergency treatment, e, although Epsom Salts in milk is the reputed antidote, such COI11bination is yery doubtful as to it efficacy of act ion. - N.C.F

E::--'.\;lII:-'.\ HO;\IE 1\

S. ( York). 1 alll a member of a Fir:,l \id clas:, <tnd J1L)JJ the medallion an d t\yo labels of the .-\s ociatioll. I " ish to know if I can be examined at thc next examination in Homc 1\'urs in o and, if so, \\·hal award I sha ll get in the of passing.

vVc presume from your lettcr that) our medaIli.on and labels ha\'c been obtained in First \id. Thi beIng' the case, you cannot take an examination in Home Nursing 11111es you han' attended a course of , If succes fll l , Yl)ll ,,,ill h a\\'arded a N ur ing Certificate. - l l1IlOl,.

FR \CT URE OF RIB A1\'D

\\' L. (Hartlepool).-'Yh at method of \rtificial would you recommend in the case of a drO\\'l11ng who is suFfering also from Complicated Fracture of

in \ ' ie\\' of lhe fael that Laborde i not menLion cl in Te:s:tbook?

C nder the circu l1lstance:, I presume that you must adopt the Prone Pre sure .:'Ile thod of the Textbook and modify it:"o thaL no undue pre sur made oyer the Fractured-Ribs. You arc dri\'en so La act because the establi:-::hment of breathing i 1110re important than undue care for th po sibility of still further aggrc\\'ating the Complicated Fmcturc l)f Rib:-. - :\.C.F.

FH,\CITH.E '\-lfIIOl'T La::. OF POWElL

L. D. (Richlllond).-1 read \\'ith interest the rei ort of lhe ca e of " Fracture \\'ithout La s of PO\\'l'r" publi"hed in l"ebruary is:,ue of FIRST ,\lD and can gi\ e you detail:" of another such ca e.

A man, up\\'ard:, l)f ixt: years of age, \\ a injured by the o\'erturning of a Loo hea\'il\' laden Ford lorn He \" as sittin o \\'ith leO' o\'e r' the ide. He kepl about for 1U da, after the accidenl when it \\'n. - di,,coyered that he had bwken the 10\\'er end of Tibia and Fibula of one leg and the lo\\'er end of Fibula of the other :\0 complication resulted from injuries; and the man i no\\' \\'alking about "'ithout a Lick or any other upport.

:'I <111\ thank for your report \yhich i 1110 't interesting. - \'. C.F:

DL\rIJ \\' Ol'XD OF LEG.

R. C. (Becdes).- R ecently I heard f a man \\,hl) de\eloped a wound O\'e r the tibia after a blo\\' and who was said to haw died a-the result of a blood clot pas ing frol11 the \\'ound to his brain. I \\'onder if uch is po ible: and in my difficulty I appeal to you.

Blood clots can be passed through the :,\' tell1ic circuIcltion and lodge in brain or \\'ith fatal re - ult .-:\".C.F.

CR. DIP A:-\D IT. TREAT:\lEXT.

C. E. (Le) lon).-It i" a matter of surpri 'e t,,) me that till' treatment of Cramp doe not appeal' in Lhe Textbook; and ,et it one of the coml11on ailment ,,'hich may call fLlr a-ction on the part of Fir t :\'ider at port's meetings and el e\\'here. hall therefore, appreciate your ' ugge tions which \\'ill, I am ure, be l)f con iderabk interest to readers of FIR T .\10.

If you recall the definition of " CC)l1\'ul " (Textbook p. 16 5), you will more asily remember that of ': Cramp" ,,'hich is "all in\'oluntar\' and painful contractIon a \'oluntan 1l1U or groups of muscles."

The- cause l)f Cr;mp resides ill the A en'ou" Sy:,tem and operates either directly from the nen'c ccntre::. or, a - ilIOn' u"ual, indIrectly by reflex action - a (for example) sOl11e peculiar position assumed by the during sleep or liL-rancrement l)f the internal most frequentl.' the limbs ecially calf of leg or back of thigh), i::i u:>ually VI1c,-sidecl, ,0\1 during leep and is al \\'ay:" by agonl Illg I alll. The lI1uscle arc gathered intl) a hard kIwt ; and thl' spasm usually In , ts a fe\\' second only. the attack ma\ last for minute and e\'en hour8 : and relIef ma,\ be all too in coming.

Relief (and po -ibJy cure) may somctinll':' be e.llected ,by grasping 111'1111) and rubbing IllUscle::i b1'1sk1y wlth thl' hand; ::.omdimes by app licatIOn of heat l)r coJd and sl)ll1etimes by it igorolls mo\'ement of the lin:b" ee alsl' allS\\'er in January, 1qz > of \w. 1'\. C. F.

1:'nder the auspice of the .]..\ \. the Canadian ?\atil)lwl Railway ha\'c placed in sen ice th fir t of thr(,(, rail for lise as first aid lecture theatre ' in rel110te of anada.

fetters to the t;ditor.

We are in no war responsible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents.- EDITOR.

.\ RTIFICIAL RESPIR A TION. DEAR SIR,-

In the March issue of FIRST Am I ,vas astonishe d to cad on p. 223 ahort summary on "First Aid in Electrical \ccidcnts " taken from the Lancel. Paragraph N o .4 reads: \ Vhile pointing out that prompt and co rr ect app li cation is more im portant than the choice of any special form of ar t ificial re s piration, Pometla prefers the Sih ester method. Here he is in a minority, for most authorities agree \\·ith Prof. S. Jellinek in r e commending Schafer's."

1 was at this statement, becau:,e I know that J cllinek is ab s olutely, as all the Continental .-\.uthorities, against Schafer. The\' consider that Silvester is the on l\, physiological method, :lS also does f. i. o Brun in his la;t \, ork ,-\.s a teacher of First ,-\'id, at the courses of t h e :\fcdical Service of the ,-\.msterdam Voluntary Ci ty Guard, I taught my pupils for a fe,v years Silv ester and Schafer.

Las t year 1, however, decided to forbid them to u sc the latter unphysiological method and taught them on ly thc Silve ster :\l e thod, as I used to do formerly. In all con ditions of A.sphyxia, whether due to submcrsion, to accidents or to whatc\ er causc, we all u s e th e Silvester :\lethod.

A I D. April, 1930.

. N ext, I would lik e o g iv e an incid e n t of the judgin <r wlu c h occ urr ed to my team. her doin g a ll we thoug-ht ne cessa r y w e w ere asked by the jud ge if there .v as anythin <r else w e co uld d o, an d up o n ans w e rin g " N o!" w e then told we s h ou ld not h a\ e done so mu ch, but s h ou ld h ave sent for the und erta k er!

this will meet the eye of some of those r esponsi b e for compelttlons and that things will improve "FAIR PL \\'. "

f A 'AGEl\lENT OF COMPETITIONS.

D EAR SIR,-

As the majority of ambulance workers are conscienti ou " to the ast de gree, it is a great pity that wh en they in .the organise rs,- judges, etc., are not a trIfle more conSClentlOus as w el l. \V e tr ain ourse.h es to the highest tandard of e fli cienc)" which, w ith means the sacrifice of a lot of hard-earn ed rest o ur seh es with the rules and requirem ents of competitIOn \V orl. a nd ge n erally striv.:: to model our "el ws on crack teams, a nd t h en, when we compete, find t hat o u.r Judge ? oes not know. the rul es , and often e n courages tIllngs, wblch we are afra id to do, because it is against t he rule of cornpetition

April, 19.30.

FREE MEDIOAL ADVIOE

273

Forg-ive me if 1 a !:> k you to find a place for tbis letter in your next is suc.- Your s tru:y, Amsterdam, Holland.

24 3 1930.

:\L L. \ A:-\ DER STEMPEL, M.D.

l\\Te are grateful to Dr. \ an der Stempel for his kind letter s etting forth thc Continental \·iews of the relative valuc s of Silvc s tcr and Schafer I ethods of Arti6cial R espiration we note with interest that the latter is regarded a s not 111 accordance \"ith physiological principles. In Great Britain and ,\merica, how e \·er, thc oppo s ite opinion preva il s; and preference is almos t il1\·ariably given to Prone Pressure :\Icthods which are modifications of Schafer. P erhaps Dr. van der \, ill add to his kindness by telling us why Schafer IS consIdere d unphysiological. - EDIToR.]

-\. R E 'S WORTH WHILE?

DEAR SIR,-

This question i!:> often asked. :l\l y answer i " Yes, if carried out on straight lines." As one who has been comfor a. number of years I find it is the on l y way of [:,akll1g effiClent ambulance men. We often hear the question asked" \Nl1 y are the number of entries decreasing every year? II To a ll promoters of competitions I would say, "Pl a y game then .the aboye question will b e a thing of the pasL. 1 wou ld ltke to ask one or two questions J'e Conduct of Competitions.

1. Should a team be allowed to compete at home with members of the same Division acting as secretary and stcwards ?

2 Should they be allowed to follow their team to the l1nal and assist in the same by having acce s to a ll rooms or shall I say a roan:ing comm ission, and sho uld they' be a ll owed to place effiClent ambu lance men and \\·umen of their own in the fron t l ine .of the au? ience to be used as bystanders?

Such. men 1 are mll1US their watch ch ains or anytl:ll1g which. may 1l1cilcate to the Public that they are firstalders. QUite recently I saw a judge object to a uniformed who \\ as called from the audience; the tean, obeye d the Judge and called upon two other men of their own to ass ist both of whom had had a number of years in compet itiol; work.

v"'.'e find.t h at h.e cannot work fast e n ough to follow u s ; that hiS test IS not 111 accordance with T cxtbook in tru c ti on that sheets are il? col11p et e on ob\ ious points that often SitS d own at a distance that he allows member oth lr than the captain to peak to him and awards mark:, for it that he ans w ers many from memory, with the that teams often gel conllicting answers; and that in conseq u ence w e c.ome to the concl u ion that we know m ort.' abo u t competttion worlz than our judge.

Th ese are only a fe\\' of the comp la in t!:> that we h ear tl:e tests are re\ icwE'd. row 111y object in \\ ntll1g IS that all tins ha s a demoralising cffect on the hest men, .but e\ en then we shut it out and carryon. In it lllinor, eve:-yday compc tition we can overlook it, e n'l1 It does go a gainst the gralll, but when it come · to m ort.' llnportant ones, there we draw the line.

Th e and aim. of every ambu lance competition m an 1S to compete 111 the final, on \vhich a ll competiti ons sho uld be modelled, and It therefore irritating to find th esl.

e!rors of management creep1l1g into the e limin ating round s. Every man a grcater e.ffart in these tests, so why cannot the orgal11sers respond With a greater effo rt and rriv e 1 t!lat is st:ict y in accordance with competition '.

g"1\ e Judges With exper ience of first-class \\'ork and do ali can to reward .our cfforts by building up the sUHoun c11l1gs, scene!:>, etc ., ltke the fortunate winners ha\ c to fac e ill the fina l ?

Because it only an elim in at in g round, it does n ot to say that It does n ot matter. If anytbing, it is morc 1l11portal:t to u s than the final, because it is th i compet i ti on that deCides who shall compete in the final.

And nm: Mr. Editor, if yo u would do us a ll a goo d turn, co;npeLl t.ors, organise:.' judges and e\ erybo d y, \,·h y not publtsb a h st of competttlO n rule, penalties and S:J on , so that we sha ll. a ll know exacUy wh ere, an d h ow, we stan d l.n conclUSIO n 1 s h ou ld lik e to add, that I am n ot levelllllg these comments at the heads of a ll our o r o an i ers.

As . regards the concientiollS workers, nob o d y ap7Jreciat es their work than myself, but w h ere a nd wh e n the fault s I have mentIOned, do occur, I ca n ass ur e til offic ia l s con-

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WOMEN OVER 40 will find their difficulties reg a rding health

There a re hundreds of s ubje cts of va lue to all. The muscles, teeth, digestion, hair, food values,] U.Jltsu, phrenology. How to diagnose diseases from appearance of head, face, tongue, throa chest perspiration, etc.

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To Messrs. VIRTUE & CO., Ltd., H. Dept., 19,20, "11, Thavies Inn, Holborn Circus, London, E.C.I.

Please se:1d me Free Bo ok let on "THE HOUSEHOLD PHYSI CIAN," with pa rticu ! ars as to your ofter to deliver the complete Vi'olk at once for the first payment of 4/-, balance to be paid by a few small monthly payments af:e r del ivery

NAME - - - - -

(Send this form in unsealed envelope, stamped halfpenny.)

ADDRES S ,., _ -"F.A ,", _ - .- - .•._ _ .•._ ,_.- .-. ,- ._ - '-',

ccrnecl, that it gives t he majority a rub the wrong way.Yours faithfu ll y, '( ] NTE:\l)]l\G F[ 1\'ALlST."

RR 1\ [ R. W. ]. I-L\RRIS'S

DE r\l{ SJI<, -

It is of great importance to nOL ify a ll officers and melJ1bel's in charge ot Di"isiol1s 01- Un it s, t hat 110 person und er the age of 18 years is a ll o,,-ed i n thc London Ho sp it a l Medical Collegc.

\tVill you the r efore be so kind as t o insert a notice, clearly displaying this ru le, so t hat members wi.1l not meet wit.h a disappointment, after perhaps a long Journey, by bell1g n.:fused adll1ission to my lectures because of being too young.

Th is \\'ill oby iate the unpleasant duty which de,"oh"es upon me when the « under-age" turn up. - Yours truly, WALTER J. HARRIS, A/ O. London Hospital Medical Col lege, E.1.

l We are only too pleased to give pUblicity as requested and trust this will ha'"c the desired re uItS. - EDlTOR. J

Detailed Marking Sheet, No. 21.

INDIVIDU.\L TESTS.

SISTEI{S l\ O 1 & 2.-You two are urgently summoned Lo it friend's house, as the Doctor will not be ab le to for lwo hours.

You are Lold Lhat a girl has been bitten on the right forefinger by a neighbour's dog which is suspected to be suffering from rabies 1n her struggle the girl also twisted her right ankle which is giving her much pain. Act.

NOTE FOR JUDGE.-Arrange scene as room of house in ,,"hich place full equipment.

L\Ji\lEDIATE ,\CTIOl\'"

DET r\TLS OF TEST.

Quickly go to house on summons

Consoling words to girl and relati\"es

Place girl in comfortahle position; co\'cr"

Take steps to ensure custody of dog

TREATMENT OF FINGER

Immediately encircle finger with tape

Two or more constrictions of lim b

Encourage bleeding by keeping hand dowl1

By bathing finger with warm water ,\s it is impossible to get Doctor ,:\ for nuic1 c<lusLic such as carbo li c

A I D. April, 1930

App ly on match sl ick to a ll parts of wound

Next remove co n st ri c tion s from limb

Apply dres s ing; band age in position

Support limb in l arge arm s lin g

\ s R ab ies s u spected g i\"e d ose brandy

TREi\TJ\IENT OF ANKLE

Ask if girl can move j oi n t (1\ 'otjreely)

Examine for s ig n s of fracture (/Vo)

Steady ank le; remove boot a nd stoc kin g Note discolouration and swe llin g (Yes)

R a ise limb a nd s upp ort foot on pillow

App ly co ld dressi n gs conti nuou s ly

Ask if these g i ve re li ef (Yes)

Efficiency of work; co-operat ion of Sisters

SISTERS No. J & -+. - Shortly after yo ur return hom e olle eve nin g you are told that yo ur Sister h as fallen dow n stairs and is ying in the passage. You are a lso told th at she is complaining of pain in the right eg which she is unable to mo\'e. Act.

NOTE FOR J UDGE - Arrang"e scene as passage openin g into room of house in which place full equ ipm ent.

InIi\LEDIATE ACTION.

Prompt a dy a n ce; tact with rclati, es Leaye as found warn sister to keep st ill.

Elicit history from sister and relati,"es

Consoling words cover warmly

EXAi\ll]\'ATlON OF GIRL.

Excl ud e s ign of deformity and hremon-hage (.Vo)

Ask· s ite of pain (right lmee cap)

Confirm loss of power of limb (complete)

Note swelling joint and (gap .It'll)

Examine for injuries else'where (liolle)

TREATMEl'\T OF KNEE C AP.

Lay girl on back extend raised limb

Raise and support head and sbou ld el-s

Splint to back of limb (buttock fo heel)

Fix sp lin t with bandages at thigh and leg-

Support foot on pi ll ow or on box

Apply narrow bandage round knee cap CenLre above, ends crossed and tied below Apply cold water dressings to joint ,\ sk if sister no\\' comfortable R emo\'e sister into s itt in g-room One Sister remains; tbe other goes for doctor EfTlciency of work; co-operation of Sisters

ToLal

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A I D. April, 1930.

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CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EDITOR IAL-

Are Competitions vVorth 'Whi le ?

Metho d s of Art ifi cial R espiration

St John Ambulance Brigade Finals

S. J .A. Brigade District R e ports

Priory for Wales

Dcta iled Markin g Sheet, No. 22

Yorks hir c Collieries Ambulance League

Ra ilway Ambulance

S. lA.B. Overseas

The City of London Policc Rc sen'e News Cuttings from the Press

Ear Troubl e from Bathing

The More Common Poisons

Thc Pioneers of Medicinc

Briti s h Red Cro ss Branch News

T hc Father of Surgery

Our Nurses' Pages

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

Scope of Brigade Dutie s

Ex a mination Howler

Treatment of Poisoning

Poisoning by Prussic Acid

Humour in Competitions

Complicated Fracture of Rib s

Arti ficial Re piration

Fracture of Clavicle and Ribs

Sign s of In se ns ibility

Tablet s in Brigade Equipment

Signs and Symptoms of Strains

Causes and their Effects

Treatment of Fractured Base ...

Control of Popliteal Artery

vVounds of Abclomcn with IIccl1lorrhagc

Use of Boraci c Lint

I TIS ha rd 1y necessary to apologise for again referring to this subject. After reading the WORTH WHILE. many letters we ha ve received, we find our readers are, almost unanimously, in favour of competitions.

One or two rather important features were, however, discussed. Many readers are not satisfied with the way in which some competitions are run and complain that some of the Doctor-J udges are not conversant with the Textbook and introduce into tests that which one can only describe as stunts. This tends to discourage competitors, and those in charge of competitions should see that nothing appears in the tests that cannot be found In the Textbook.

Another item brought up, was that of the fifth man in the team test. One reader asks "Is it right for the spare man to be the patient?" Personally, we do not agree with this arrangement as, although the majority play their part well, others do all they can to help their own team and in some cases indicate where the" injuries" are to be found.

\lVefavour the method adopted by the L.M.S. Railway and a few other centres who supply an independent patient. The patient acts for each and every team thereby eliminating any discrepances that sometimes occur when the fifth man acts as the patient. This, we feel sure, is the fairest way and one, which those connected with ambulance competitions, will heartily endorse.

The five-man team is not, in our opinIOn, necessary and the day when this is done away with and the four-man team introduced, is eagerly awaited by many in the ambulance competition world.

Me t hods of Artificial Respiration. * SCIIAFER OR SILVE TER

IN an announcement which appeared in the Den Deutsc!zen Kolonnen/iill1"er and which was dealt with in our bst issue, one comes across the statement that the German "Samaritans" unanimously consider the Silvester Method of Artificial Respiration as being in all respects the most cffectual and the best, whereas we here in Denmark prefer and employ exclusively, or practically so, the Schafer Method.

A number of our "Samarites" who have enrolled during the past few years are not even acquainted with Silvester's method by inasmuch as many doctors have ceased to mentIon the Silvester Method during their course of instruction. Other doctors, however, maintain that although they are obi iged to give the instruction in accordance wi th the authorised text-book, yet they consider that Silvester's :\leihod is by far the best. ow there surely cannot but be good sound and commendable reasons for the arguments on the part of the German authorities. Further, as it would obviously be a matter of interest for Danish "Samaritans" to learn a little more about these reasons, ,ve have, th rough the mediation of Physician-in-General Dr. Cramer at Berlin (the Editor of Dell DelLtscizen got into touch with one of the German authorities concerned, namely, Physician-in-General Dr. Reischauer of Breslau. The latter has devoted himself exhaustively to the subject; and amongst other pronouncemenLs he has contributed in llaclzric!denblaff des D ezdsclzen Roten Kreuzes (Nos. 8 and 9, 1929) an article of some length and, moreover, one based on scientific considerations, which deals with the different forms of artificial respiration, and which, unfortunately, our limited space does not permit us to discuss in detail.

According to what Dr. Reischauer in forms us on the matter the article presents the point of view which is now being taken by scientific men in Germany with regard to Artificial Respiration. In it the Schafer l\lethod is drastically characterised as being" the worst of all "; and Dr. Reischauer gives expression to a feeling of regret that by reason of the wish for brevity it is impossible to deal in any way exhaustively with the various d isadvantages associated with Schafer's Method The doctor's reply to the Samarz'ten contains amongst other observations the following :-

" 'e ith e r am I here able to do this, inasmuch as it

* \Ve have been favoured with this translation of an article published in the Danish Red Cross Journal Sama1'iten, 1arch, 1930; and we remind our readers that on the Continent the term" Samaritan" is used as the equivalent of what we call "Alllbulance."-EDITOR.

l11.ay be done on ly in the process of comparison w ith the other met h ods. I should, therefore, he ob l iged, where it is a case of answering in the form of a letter, to go into details 'without, however, in any way furnishing an exhaustive reply to the question in its scicnt ific aspect.

" I can but point to the fact that even one who is in health could not for any appreciable time endure that position of the abdomen, in 'vvhich Schafer operaLes, inasmuch as the breathing- of course is rend ered dinicult on account of the weight of the upper par t of the body. Schafer, as also does Howard, confines himself to effecting only expiration. The process of inspira _ tion he leaves to the resilient powers of the chest.

"In order that this may be effectual to its full extent, one must be able to work out from the premi se that the apparently dead person is in a position, in which the chest is likely in the tullest measure possibl e to respond to the intake of breath reverting every time that the compression resulting trom expiration takes pl ace, \Vith the Howard Method this reversion is impeded by nothing, whereas with Schafer the weight of the upper part of the body re-acts to such an extent that the position of the abdomen becomes -eve n where a health y person is cO I"!cerned- uncomfortable and-when the underlying surface is of a hard nature-altogether unbearable. Further a position whicb exerts such an influence on the respiration of anyone, who i in sound health, cannot possibly be the rigllt one, where artificial respiration is involved.

"Also, the advantages that are claimed for the Schafer Method are practically all of them theoretically constructive, but do not prove to be at all of a pra cticnl nature. As have stated, it is a matter of impossibil ity to show this in so many words in a letter; but as deali ng exbaustiycly with everything that comes into questi on here, I can refer to the excellent treatise on Apparcnt D eatk, Life and Deatk by Dr. Johanne s Haedicke.

" This splendirl book is assuredly the best that ha s so far b::en vvritten on the subject. It d ea l with the whole qUE'stion in an altogcther exhaustive manner. ,\s a not ab le advantage attending his method, Schafer claims that by reason of the position of the abdomen the risk is precluded of the tongue falling backwards and thereby obstructing the air-passages, and also the possibilities of emitting saliya and of vomiting. That hy this method the tongue is not capable of any disturb ing action is something which can be readily admiUed. As concerning the sa liva flowing out with greater facility into the wind-pipe and the gullet, Haedicke s ubmi ts decided misgivings on this score.

" More important still is the consideration that hy this m et hod the person rendering first aid is not able to observe any changes to which the face may become subject; and which should be noted with the greatesL care, since the face of patient of course is turned away from him. To this must be added as the most important factor of all, that with the position of the abdomen as it obtains in the Schafer Method the chest remains pres sed tog'ether, as it doe s when expiration press ure resultin g from the use of the hands ceases, so that no de ve lopm enL of its resilient powers worth mentioning can take place, Further, when patient is lying on his back, the ton gue may also be prevented from falling backwards by the simple expedient of the Haedicke grip."

[The article from the Apr il issue of th e Samanlen will appear in our next number.]

The Rt. Hon. J . H Thoma, P.C., M.P., Lord Pri vy Seal, will present the challenge shield and prizes at the Inter-Railway Final Competition which takes place at th e Northamptoll Polytechn ic Institute, Clerkenwell, London , on May 23rd.

May, 19 30.

F IR S T

St. John Ambulance Brigade Finals.

THE Ambu lance and Nursing Competition Finals were held at the Great Central Hotel, London on Friday, May 9th, when an enthusiastic witnessed the work of the eleven District Com petition winners. The staging of the competitions was good, although the films usually shown portraying the accidents in the team tests were, this year, omitted. Commencing at 9.30 a m., the tests continued throughout the day; all tests being held in public.

The Judges for the various events were :-

Men's Tests (Individual Practical Tests with Viva - Voce) : Capt. E. A. Chill, O.B.E., M.D , H. W. M Strover, O B.E., l\1.B., and YR. C. Bentall, O B.E., F.R.C.S E.; (Team Test), \AI. H. F. Noble, L.M.S.S.A.; (Uniforms), N . Corbet Fletcher, M . A., l\1.B., B.C., M.R.C.S , L.R.C.P., and Thomas Potts. Womens' Tests (Ir,dividual Practical Tests with Viva-Voce):

W E. Audland, M.B.E.,M.R.C.S. (First Aid) ; Miss 1\1. Sharp (Home Nursing); Miss E. Watts (Bedmaking); (Team Test), K. F. Lund, B.A., M.B (First Aid), and Miss E. R. Collins, R.R C. (Home Nursing) ; (Uniforms), Mrs. M. Birkbeck and Mrs. R. Balsdon.

The tests for the competitions were as follows:-

"DEWAR" SHIELD.

P J\RT 1.

Each competitor has to-

(a) Render First Aid to a case of supposed disability.

PART II.

Introduction to T est

An elderly gentleman whilst descending the stairs st umbles slightly, but re-

covers himself, saying: "This carpeL is full of rucks, h3\ 'c it seen t.o at once." He st umbles a secon d time and falls hcm 'ily head first, slithering to the hall landing head down, where he lies moaning.

The butler rushcs up to him and tries to help him to his feet, but is instructed Lo felch the St. John mCI1.

The team, who are supposed to have won a competition that afternoon, are being entertaincd in the domestic quarters at the wish of the clderly gentleman, who is their D,ivisional President.

The page, who has now arri\ 'ed on thc scene, is inst ructed to call the team, and they appear without caps, belts, pouches a nd haversacks.

On arrival behind the stage the team had its caps, belts, pouches, etc., taken away from them.

No material of any kind is m·ailable. E\ erything used has to be i111 provised " PERROTT" SHIELD.

P.\RT I.

Each competitor has to-

A I D. 279

(a) Render First Aid to or nurse a case of supposed disability.

PART II.

Inl1'Oduction to T est,

As you near a bend in a straight road, while beinLT dnven homc fro.m a competition, 011 a hot summer's you hear a warn1l1g shout, followed b) a resounding crash and a breaking of branches.

. Rounding the corner your car is pulled up by a tree IY1l1g .across the road, amI you see a man lying underneath It.

Four men rush out of the garden of a lar ge house near by, and explain thcy were cutting R tree down, and Bill did not get out of the way quickly enough and the tree fell on him. Act.

T eam will be seated in an improvised motor car when they card of in struction. Tool-box containing jack and tools 111. tlle car, easily seen and clearly labelled. If Jud ge has to direct jack to be brought from the car, 5 marks will be deducted for lack of observation. c\ir gun dart

represents twig stuck in thigh, \Vo oden draught-screen is handy for use as stretcher. R oom contains: Carpet on the 11001' and various articles of ul1necess:1ry furniture which should be mo\'ed out of the room.

During the afternoon a programme of mUSlC was rendered by the Stri ng Band of the "A" division Metropolitan Police.

At about 4-15 p.m., H.R.H. Princess Arthur of Connaught, R. R. C. (Dame Grand Cross, O.rder of St. John), arrived at the Hotel and was recelved by l\Iajor - General Si r Percival ,\V ilkinson, K C.M.G , C.B. ; a Guard of Honour being composed of members from the No. 1 (Prince of \AI ale's) District, under the command of Lieut.-Col. F. A. Brooks, M . D.

Her Royal Highness then witnessed a Nurses' team at work on the team test competition, after

II. R. H Princess Arthur of Connaught lxesenting the Dewar» Shield to l\litchell and Butler's T eam, winners in the Brigade Finals.

which, accompanied by members of the staff, partook of tea.

By this time all present were awaiting "with great eagerness, the result of the day's work.

Upon the arrival of Her Royal Highness in the "Vinter Gardens, a loud voice from the distance was heard giving a command, and accompanied by martial music, the usual competitors' march pass was held, Her Royal Highness taking the salute.

Owing to the unayoidable absence of the SubPrior, l-rho was suffering from a slight indisposition, the Earl of Shaftesbury welcomed Her Royal Highness and thanked her for the interest taken in the day's proceedings.

Sir Percival "Vilkinson then announced the results as fo11O\\"s :-

" DE"W.-\ R" CH.-\LLEXGE SHIELD

A I D ilIa y, 19.30.

who in :\Ietropolis and Provinces are carrying On this branch of the O rder of St John So on the social side the 1930 Finals were no exception to the rule; and it was, as usual, a pleasure to witness and take part in the cordial greetings which enlivened the proceedings of the day .

On the business side my impressions of the 1930 Finals were not so fa\'ourable The reYersi on to old type of tests by the omission of the film s caused the Team Tests to be dull, a result which in many instances was accentuated by our inability to hear the questions of competitors. Of course-t he films are expensive; and of course they may bre ak down But the fact that they never yet failed us in this way rather discount; the maIn argume nt against their use.

O ne big fault of the Team Test was limitati on of space for the competitors who were e\'er on the ir guard lest they should fall off the platforms; and this point must be earmarked for attention at future Finals. This year sufficient consideration was not given to those of us Pro\-incials who, either as instructors or future competitors, travelled to London to learn lessons.

Tile St. A 1nbulance Brigade D zst1'zct R epo rts.

No. I ( Prince of Wales ') Dis tr i ct.

" On Sunday, June 22ncl, the Central Area will hold ib SIxth Parade, by kind im-itation of the Penl11ngton BIckford, at St. Clement Dane's Church 111 the Strand) at 11 a.m.

A inyitation i ' extended to all interested in the ot the Order o.f t. JOhl1 anel it , departmcnt, the As OClatIOn and the Bngade! and e pccially to any oYerseas members ,,-ho may be 111 London on that day.

SOUTH.-\LL.-Th e outhall Diyi ion, S.J.A.B., held a dance on \Vedne sday, 23rd, at the Holy Trinity Hall, Southall. Dr. 1111th and :\lr. L. A. Harrison underlook the duties of 1\1. C. 'so

:\1r. Harrison thanked those pre 'e nt for their upport c:.nd Supt. ]. E. Taylor proposed a Yote of thanks to Dr. and i\.Ir. .Harrison for acting as :\1. c.' '. Dr. Smith 111 reply saId It ,,-as a plea ure to be at a St. John Ambulance function.

tied_ !or eco!ld marking:s being: S\yindon Oxtord 3b, Read1l1g JO/ and Bndo'\yater 280.

11r. B. T. Butter \Ye ton Council) prelded at a apd 'a Id ho\\- much he appreciated the \york ot the Brigade, the local Diyi ion hayin o" attended 1.067 case last year. :\lr. Butter al 0 pre idect at the distribution of a\\ard

The trophies \\"ere pre enteu by 1Ir. J. J. Jack on Bar -to\\-.

R'\"XBCR.Y The fir t allnual general meeting of the Banbury S.J.A.B., "'as held at the T0\\"11 Hall. Banbury, on AprIl 16th, Ald. J. Collingricle;e presiclin rr in the absence of the President, Col. H. E. C. Xorri _ G. P. the hon. ecrctary, reported that trom t.he of the Brigade in Aug"u t up to the end ot 1929) 12 ca11s had been an l\"Creel and fir-t aid rendered in -+8 cases.

Eccles" Cup (runners up) : l'Iliddlesbrough

The Perrott Team Test was this year, as las t, the more attractive and practical; but even her e the only excitement was the yell which greeted the falling of the realistic log The Dewar Team Te st was poor and in addition a most dreary affair , because the patient \vas placed in such a positio n that no one could see what the teams were doin rr or how they were doing it Further, realism badly let down by the choice of a four foot settee on which the stretcher was to be placed and by th e omission of a bed and bedroom in which the title d patient could be placed pending arrival of doctor.

"Corbet Flelcher" Trophy (runners up): Llanelly. " Chalmers" Trophy (best individual): Llanelly " Lady l\Iounlgarret" Cup (bedmaking) : Guildford.

Her Royal Highness then presented individual prizes to each of the competitors and the shields trophies, etc., to the respective winners . A cop; of " The Juvenile ual JJ was also presented to each of the Boy and Girl Cadets who had helped during the day.

11IPRESSIONS OF BRIGADE F I NA L S

By A COUNTRY COUSI T.

Brigade Final Competitions are always a success because quite apart from the bus i ness i n hand, the meeting b ri ngs about a reunio n of a ll

The I ndividual Tests of both Dewar and Perrott seemed to us this year to provide fairer and better tests by con trast with the Team Tests; and we noted with interest that most of the injuries were cleverly reproduced on the patients. " '" c were particularly im pressed by the baby case and wonder what the judge thought of the competitor who plunged baby and clothes into the bath.

This year we had the privilege of seein 0- th e ' f b Un! orms of Dewar Teams judged in public; and we noted with interest the thorough way in which this part of the work was performed by the judge who was a perfect demon on loose belts, expose d dressings in pouches and other errors in uniforms.

The various duties which R.A.C. road guide:, Lo perform makes it neccssary for thcm lo be men of \yid e knowledge and resource. The men are, of course, specially trained for thc traffic duties they have to pcrform ; in addition, howc\'er, they are good mechanic s haying a thorough knowledge of local topography, and practically all of thcm hold the St. J ohn's first -aid certificate.

\\-e re under the management of thc :'\ urs111g SectlOn of the ocial Committee.

the death of Mr. \V. ]. Cardo, late Corps Officer, \\ althamstow Diyision in Auo'ust last 'd f \ ' 'b, many :esl ents 0 \ altham tm\- ha\'e expres ed the hope that hIS g.reat work would be perpetuated by some form of memOrIal. Und_er the direction of the Mayor of \Yalthamsto \\-, COUll. \. L. :\lcEntee, M.P., a town's Commit!ee has been and the first mceting was held at the [o\\"n Hall on FrIday, 11th.

1\1any suggestions '\"ere put fonyard and 1\1r. Garner \\'as elected hon. ecretary and :\1r. \Y. G. Berry, the Borou.gh Treasurer, was elected hon. Trea urer. A subcomnuttee was appointed to draft and circulate an appeal.

All donations should be sent to Mr. \\'. G. Berry, Town Hall, Orford Road, " -a lthamstow.

!'Jo. 107 CY?RK RO,\D) L.?\.E.R.) DI\"ISIOX.-A dance 111 a:d of DIYlSlOl:al .funds \"as h eld on Thur day, l\Iay at the ConstltutlOnal Hall, Han-ingar, when about bO members and fnends pent a yery enjoyable eyening. tho;e I\"h o attended \\'e:-e District Officer T. IcBrIde, ana Dr.. A. R. Maller, \"\"ho has recently accepted the posltlOn of Divisional Suro'eon their greatly appreciated by the of thIS DlI lslon, which was formed only three months ago.

The Ambulal:ce in charge) 1\1r. H. H. Dye, took the the inten-al to express thanks on behalf of the Dn lslOn to all friends who had so kindly supported them, and particularly to 1\1r. \\!. A. Roust Supt. No. 86 (Horse ferry) Diyision, who had the of M.C., and to the band who had rriyen their serVIces for a nominal fec. b

No. 2 District.

The ambulance competitions of the No. 2 District, S ].A.B., were held on Saturday, April 26th, at the Town Hall, Weston-super-1\lare.

Southampton were declared the winners with 379 ma r ks; vVolverton (Bucks) and Packers (Bristol) with

J\Ien \\-ere on road dut," eYen- :unda \- The\" reO"ularly attended the two local pIcture hOll e football matche , fetes and shm\"5. At Banbun- Fair 17 )men were on duty. -

To the end of 1929, the complement of the Diyision \\"as 35 men.

A. H. Bichard, h.on. Trea urer said an appeal I sued III the ummer realIsed £1,017, fro111 \\"hich £512 had been paid for an ambulance and £ 115 for uniionm. There was a balance of £3-+3.

BRISToL.-Last year the City of Bri tal Corps of S.J.A.B. treated no fe\\"er than 26.612 ca 'es Of these 6,7?O im-o h -e.d the assistance of the -tra11'port department. ThIS, accord111g to the annual report, is easih' a record. The Finance Committee point out that increa ed \\-ea r and tear compels them to again ask the public for generous financial assistance to enable them to carryon their work efficiently. The increased call' made the Corps rendered the prm-ision of a ne,,- motor ambulance nece sar)", and that entailed an expenditure of nearly £-+00. A disadyantage under \\ hich the transport department labour is insufficient ga rage accom1llodation, a matter which must shortly receiYe attention It is inleresting to note that of the 578 members oyer 100 baye 1- to 3: years' sen-ice to their credit.

\VITKEY.-A concert \\"as held at the Red Triangle Hut, \Vi t ney, on behalf of the \\ -itney Diyi ion, S.]. .B., i\1r. B. C. French and his party contributing an excellent and yaried prOOTamme.

At the close upt.]. C. Chesterman expressed the DivisIOn s a pprecia tion to the artistes and to the audience for their attendance. He explained that the officers and men gaye their time and assistance without payment. The financial result of the concert was \"ery gratifying. After ded ucting all expenses) £ 10 19s. ,,"as handed oyer lo the Divisional Treasurer.

This Division also held a flag day on April 2-+th and the splendid sum of £22 12s. was collected. The Diyision extends its best thank to the ladie who so willingly supported them by selling flags throughout the day and to the public for their generous support.

No. 3 District.

DIRMIXGJL\M.-A vcry successful and enjoyable was held on ::\1ay 5th by thc membcrs of thc N.C.O. s Club, Dinningham Corps, at thc Torton ':'lcmonal Hall, Saltlc.:y.

1

This was the finale of the season's SOCIals anu was a ttendccl by about 1-1-0 Illcm bers and fricnds.

Durin o the interval the Chairman of the Club, Scrgt.':'1aj. D.c. i\I., in a fcw well-chosen words thanked all prescnt for thc support given He also st.at.ed the Committee intended to run a senes of dances dunng the next season, and hc asked for support..

Dancin o was continucd until 10.4) p.m., thc smgmg of the Anthcm hringing thc evening's pleasure to a closc.

No. 4 District.

annual compctition for th" Crossfield" Challcnge Shield was compet.ed for on Saturday, April 26th, at thc Centenary Hall.

Fourtecn teams competed and severe tests wcre set m viva-vocc, individual practical tests and tea.m tests. The judgcs \\"erc Dr. Sheldon, of Dr. Nimmo, of \Vigan (team), Dr. Patnck) of LIverpool (individual). ,

During thc test.s CommissIOncr Col. .c. J 1 who has recently reco\ cred from a severe lllness, arnved. The rcsult of thc competition showed clson 1st, followed by Crossfields and Brierfield, 2nd and 3rd resIJectiyely.

Asst. Commissioncr C. SmIth, O.B.E., of Llyerpool, prescntcd the shield and prizes] spoke of the gcncrosity of t.he finn and of the vcay It encouraged the tlmlmlance movement. He also thanked Corps Officer J. E. J:\e\\"l1s, Diy. Supt. E. 'vV. \\Tarren and Div. Secretary \V. Pcrcy Taylor] for thc admirable arrangements.

\\ 70RKINGTox.-Thc ambulance competition final for thc Cumberland" Challenge Shield, opcn to all members (Jf the Unit.ed Steel Co., Ltd.) was held on Saturday, i.\Jay 3rd, at \\ orkington.

Dr. Henderson, of 'vVhitehavcl1, was the judge] and expressed his pleasure at thc work done. 1\1ost of the stretcher v, ork \\ as, hc said, good and left vcry little to find fault \\"ith.

The result was announccd as follows:-

1, Clintz) 254 (possible 285); 2, Beckcrmct " C," 23-+; 3, 110ss Bay No.1, 232; Bcckermct "B," 202.

11r. R. Crichton (l1anaging Director, Unit.ed Steel Cos., Ltd.) prcsided over t.he proceedings, and Mrs. Cricht.on presented t.hc shield and gold medals to the winners and silver medals to the runners-up.

J\Ir. Crichton said that 15 teams took part in the climinating contests, and the four that remained had each displayed a high standard of skill and efficiency.

The thanks of thc United Steel Cos., Lt.d., to all who had associated thC111SCl\'CS with the competition, including Mrs. Crichton, Drs. Fletcher, Brown, Watson and R. Eadie, and 1\1r. Kerr) \'v crc voiced by Mr. Bruce and supported by 1\lr. McCowan.

No. 5 District.

CHURCH GRESLEY COLLIERY.-A distrihution of awards of thc Church Grcsley Colliery Division was held on Saturday, l\Iay 3rcl, at. t.hc Drill lIall, whcn 1\1r. R. T. Grcen, J.P., presided.

Honour was paid to t.he only surviving founder of thc Division, 1\lr. Henry Whittaker, who was presented with a handsomc armchair as a mark of appreciation of his 34 years' service.

A I b. May, 19 30 .

Supt. A. E Atkins who has just made a happy recovery from a serious) illness, ': presentation in thc form of a silver-mounted walk111g

Among those prcsent wcre Asst. CommIsIOner G. F. Bro\Vne, Dr. S. J. Parkhill, J.P.) DIV Surgcon R. A. Parkhill, Div Surgeon J Camac, Amb. Officer S. Rogers, S11Pt. A. E. Atkins, and Scrgt. D E Cross Dr. S. J Parkhill, JP., made thc prcsentatIOn of thc First Aid certificates to the fir t year students

1\1r. A. Lester, manager of the Reservoir Colliery, proposed the toast of the SL) ohn Ambulance J?riga?e, and in doing so said t.he orgal1lSatlOn had been 111 eXIstence lor some 53 years.

In the Gresley area, if they excelled 111 anythl11g they exccllcd in ambulance work. A distinguishing feature this year was that thcy had establi.shed a record in mcmbership thc strenoth of the DlvIslOn now be111g 72.

'Dr. J gave a brief account of the work during the past ycar.

The toast of (, The Visitors" was proposed in felicitous t.erms by Amb. Officer S Rogers, manager of the Church Grcsley Colliery, who rcmarked t.hat they had over 100 trained ambulance men at the colliery

HUDDERSFIELD.-Thc Central Ambulance Division of the Huddersfield Corps, S.] .A.B., have been offered a sih'cr cup for annual competition by Mr. H. E. Tyas, of Locbyood.

Thc cnp will be known as the" Tyas" Cup, and present.ed at t.he annual meeting t.o the member who has attcnded the greatest number of drills and duties and who, by his gcneral smartness and has done most to further the cause of ambulance work 111 Huddersfield.

Mr. Tyas has bccn a patron of the Central Division for a number of ycars and the gift of this cup should prove a further means of improving the efficiency of the Huddersficld amhulancc men.

SJTEFFIELD.-Sir William Clegg presided over a large Oatherin o at a rally hcld on l\1ay 4th by the members of Sheffield Corps, S.JA.B.

Alderman]. G. Graves, addressing the meeting, describcd the membcrs as "Thc 1\lodern Good Samaritans." lle traced back the history of thc Order of St. John and declarcd that the St. John Ambulance Brigade were the lineal decendants of the Good Samarit.an of our Lord.

Sir William Clegg expressed his appreciation and admiration of the wonderfully effective work performed by members of the Brigade.

1\lr Hamer Rus ell) in proposing thanks to the chairman anel speakcr, referred to the new ambulance station which would be shortly opcncd. Two voluntary ambulance sisters would be on duty there each day from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.

An cxcellent musical programme was provided by the Victoria IIall Orchestra under the direct.ion of Mr. J. II emsworth.

No . 8 District.

A mcet.ing to discuss the annual review and Church parade of Kentish Units of the St. John Ambulancc Brigade, to bc helel in Tunbridgc y! ells on Sunday, J unc 15th, was held on Fnday, AprIl 2Jt.h, at the Town Hall, Tunbridge Wells.

The Mayor (Aldcrman J. B. Snell) preSIded and reprcscntativcs of tIle various town organisations wcrc prescnt. 1\lcmbcrs of the Doy Scouts, Girl Guides, British Lcgion, Skinncrs School O T.C.) Fire Brigade and ot h er such bodies will be included in the parade.

The Pump Room, Corn Exchange, Assemb ly R ooms,

May , 1930. FIR S T

King Charles' Hall, and Calvcr l ey Grounds Pavilion have been placed at thei r disposa l for thc serving of tea.

Sir Pcrci val Wilkinson will arrive at thc Central Stat.ion at 10.50 a.m., and will he wclcomed by the Mayor and Corporation in robes. There will be an inspection of the Guard of Honour) mounted by the Tunbridge Wells Division, at. 11 a.m., following which a visit will be paid ,to the Ilospilal. At 12.15 p.m. Sir Perciva l will lay a wrcath at the War Memorial, on behalf of the Ordcr of St. John, and inspect contingents of ex-Service men and women, Firc Brigade, Cadcts, Boy Scouts and Girl Guides, etc. At 2.45 p.m. there will be an inspection of Kcntish Units and a march past, and a Church service will he held in IToly Trinity Church at. 3.45 p.m. Sir Pcrcival will depart from t.he Central Station at 6 p.m.

No. 9 District.

PLYMOuTH.-Prior to t.he recent cleparturc of Mr. ancl Mrs. J. H. Beckly on an extensive tour of North America, thcy gave an "At Home" to the local Association and Brigade workcrs.

A large number accepted invitaitons, including the 1Iayor ancl Deputy Mayor of Plymouth, Lady Humphreys, Lieut.-Col. J. P. S. Vlard and Mr. Harold Vellacott) M.P , F.R.C.S. (County vice-Prcsidents, S J.A.A. Centre), Mr. \V C. Paync (yice-Chairman, Plymout.h Servicc), and Mr. F. illardon (hon. Treasurcr).

Amongst. Brigade officers prescnt wcre County Commissioner H. \T. Miller, County Officer T. D. Perkins and Lady County Officer Mrs. R. Balsdon

Arrangement.s were effectively carried out by Div Supt. E. G. Hackworthy and his band of stewards.

Mr. J. H. Beckly, who was the r ecipient of a book, "Thc Knights of St. John in England," gave an address of welcome. 1\lrs. Beckly was presented with a handsome bouquet. The Mayor of Plymout.h, Alderman J. Churchward, expressed thc gratitude of the guests. He also eulogized the work of Mr. Beckly, who is the popular Chairman of the Ambulance Service.

WEYMOUTIT.-We regret to record the death of Alderman W. ]. Gregory, J.P., who was the hon Treasure r of thc Diyision since its inccption in 1922 was an ardent worker for the ambulance movement, bemg always keen in helping to raise funds. His loss is greatly regretted.

At his funeral Sup1. F A. Fanner, Sergt. C. Bartlett and Amb. Driver S. R. Symes represented the Weymouth Division

Among thc floral tribytes was a wreath from the Weymouth Amhulance Bngadc) representing the eightpointed cross of St. John No. 10 District.

BEccLEs.-In the prcsence of a large company representat.ive of all scct.ions of the community, the new motor ambulance of the Becc1es Division) S .J.A.B., was dedicated 1n tIle grounds of the Sir John Leman School, Becdes, on Sunday afternoon) April 27th The ce r emony was pcrformed by the Rect.or of Beccles (the Rev. A. Ernest Thompson) after the ambulance h ad been handed. to the town by Major J. F. C. Hossack, F.R.C.S., Kl1Jght of Grace (Ipswich), following which the Mayor of Beccles (Mr D C. Smith) asked Supt. W. C. Wat.ts. t.o accept the responsibility in thc name of the local DlvIslOn

In handing- over thc licence of the car to the Mayor of Bcccles, Major Hossack said that the motor and charahanc wcre one eli rect.ion in which c ivilisation was advanci n o and in ordc r to compe n sate c ivilisation for t h e 'of these two m odern inventions, t h ey of t. h e

A I D. 283

J oint Committee proyided thc instrument t.o dcal with the dang·crs. Eyery man and woman who wore thc uniform 110t only helongcd to thc Brigade, but was qualificd and g-avc frcc scrvice. On holidays and high days, charabancs, cars and vehicles of all kinds were seen on the road, and also men and 'women in the Brigadc uniform ready to clo their duty in cases of emergency.

The Mayor said that he hopcd that thc car would largely be uscd for paticnts brought to thcir efficient hospital rather than accidents.

A fter the dcdication, the Rector in a short address said that all the Churches had helped in the work, and thc Association consisted of people of all dcnominations. In addition to t.he membcrs of the Becclcs Ambulancc ane! ursing Divisions representatiycs fr0111 t.hc ncighhouring; Diyisions attcndce!.

COLCIIESTER.-Colchester's new motor ambulance was placed in commission on Monday afternoon) April 1+th, whcn a short dedication service was hcld outside the Town Hall, Colchester. The dedication cercmony was performed by the Rev. E. Hartley Parkcr, 11../\.

Among those present were the Mayor (CoLln. C. R. Jolly), Ald. R. B. Beard, the Town Clerk, numerous Council mem hers, Supt. H. \V Lec, S.lA.B.) who was in charge of the ambulance, supported hy Amb. Officer C. J. ;\"orman and other membcrs 01 t.he Brigadc. Ald. Beard statcd t.hat the old ambulancc hael heen run cntirely through the co-operation of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and since August 1st, 1928, to March 31st, 1930) 163 street accidents were dealt with) 1,075 calls answered, the patients numbering 1,102. Altogether the old ambulance had covered 13,52-1- miles Members of the St. John Ambulancc Brigade gayc t.heir own time in the evening, Saturday afternoons, Sundays and Bank Holidays, quite voluntarily, \yithout any payor reward, and Colchester should be most grateful to them for their yery useful serYices.

The Mayor expressed thanks to the Rev. Hartley Parker for taking part in the service of dedicating thc motor ambulance Dame Catherine Hunt endorsed the l\Iayor's remarks. Thereafter, a party, including the Mayor) were conycyed round the town in the ambulance, thus having an opportunity of testing the comfort in \\'hich patients will travel.

The Fulham Council (London) hm'c approved of arranO'ements made for the instit.ution of first aid instruction throughout the elect.ricity department.

I n recognition of hi 15 years' ambulance work,. Mr. C. Shopland was presented with a gold medal at a .oclal held under the auspices of the L.l\I. S. St. Phillip's Goods Depot Ambulance Corps

T h e anlluil l review of the .:\l11bulance and Nursing Division of No.6 District, St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade, wi ll be held at Lumley Castle, by kind permission of the Earl of Scmborough, Empire Dar, May 2 Hh.

3 E

The recent house-to-house collectioll in Church Gre..,ley, oro'an ised on behalf of the British Red Cross, realised £18 is. 6d., and ,,-ith donations ilmounting to £6 3s. the S ll lll of £2 -1- -I-s 6el. h as no\v been fOr\\'ardec1 to the sC'cretnry of t h e soc- iet?', County Clearing IIo1l3e, Thke"'C'Ii,

Priory for Wales.

vVELSII BHIG.\DE FINAL COMPETlTIO:--:S.

.\ large gathering assembled in the Law on Saturday, April 5th, to witness the Welsh Bngade FIIlal Competitions for th c "Lla[:dinam" Shie ld and "Arthur Griffith .\lemorial" Cup, whIch are recognIsed as The Blue Ribands of ambulance competitions in Wales.

Each Centre is ent itIeel to enter an Ambulance and Nursing team, selectcd by means of preliminary contests in the respective districts. This year hoth the lTlen and nurses were asked to deal with supposed road accidents, and the scene presented in the vestibule of the Law Courts resembled a casualty ward.

The" Llandinam " Shield test was as under ;-

"You are travelling by bus to a competition, when you come to a crowd an accident. You that a motor-cyclist has run 1I1tO a motor-cycle and stde-car; four persons have sustained injuries; A and B have had seyere head injuries; D you find sitting by the side of ro a d; E has eycre 11ccmorrhiH,:·e from the left leg helow the knee and a large superficial 'wound at the bend of the right elbo\V."

1 ine tcams entered, and Garnant, who have held the shield for the past two years, were the winners. The awards were as under ;-

" LLANDINAM" SlIIELD.

5. City of Cardiff.

A I D. May, 1930. County Centre), Lady Staff Officer Mrs. Hurry Riches Lady Staff Officer Miss Bertha Corps Supts. T. J Williarns, G. H. B. J ames, G. H. Rlg-sby, Corps Secretary ]. Leach; Di\ isional SuplS. C. 1\1arshall, C. E. Palmer, L. Owen, E. Jon es, S. vVilliams and others.

The Carmarthenshire Centre was heartily cong-ratulaled on its <Treat achievement in again securing the championship trophi:s of the Brigade in Wales and so attaining the honour of representing the Principality in Londo.n on May 9th.

The Lord Mayor presented the shIeld to the Garnant team, complimented them on their d.egree of efficiency., and expressed a hope that they would bnng to Wales the International trophy.

The Llanelly Nursing- team received the cup from th e Lady Mayoress, who was glad to see the Brigade Ambulan ce Sisters taking an increasing interest in the Ambulan ce 1\1ovement in the agricultural districts, and appealed to those present to continue their tra1l11l1g and encourage others to join their classes.

The Commissioner for Wales lhanked the Lord l\layo r and Lady Mayoress for their interest in the Priory'S work and their encouraging words to the men and women. vVale s, he said, owed much to the Brigade, not only for the voluntar y service rendered by the members, but for the far-reachin g effect of the valuable knowledge imparted to men and \Yom e n of a ll classes. A great advance had been made in th e development of the Ambulance Movement in industry, bu t the importance of First Aid in the Home still required em phasis.

Votes of thanks were accorded to the followl11g Med[c a l Officers of the Brigade for their services as judges ;-

Sub-Commissioner Captain R. J. Isaac, Gower SubDistrict; Centre Surgeon John M. Wilson, Aberdare Centre ; Corps Surgeon Edgar Lle\Vellyn, Cardiff and District Corp s ; Corps Surgeon G. S. Phillirs, Amman Valley. ; Divisional Surgeon A. 1\1. Robertson, Cwmparc DIVIS[On ; Divisional Surgeon E. T. HalE', Cwm Division; and Divisional Surgeon T. Williams, Cilfynydd Division.

NOMINATIONS FOR CENTRE OFFICES.

Six Centres 'were represented in the Nursing Competition, the test being as fo][o\\'s ;-

"A small boy is crossing the road, in a country Yillage, when he is knocked down by a motor-car which does not stop.

" A large sweet he is chewing gets lodged over his trachea (windrire), causing cessation of respiration. Tbis, combined with shock, causes unconsciousness, whilst a fallon his right knee-cap causes a fracture of this bone."

The awards were;-

".\RTlIUR GRIFFlTIIS MEMORIAL" CUP.

Carmarthenshire. 2. Cit\' of Cardiff.

l\lonmouth s hire. 5. Glamorgan County. 6.

Rhondda.

The results were announced in the presence of the Lord Mayor of Cardiff (Alderman William Charles, ]. P.), and the Lady Mayoress, Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O.B.E. (Deputy Lady Supt. for Wales), Capt. J. McLeod Carey (H.M. Divisional Inspeclor of Mines), Captain T. E. Richards (Commissioner, Borough of Rhondda Centre), Sub-Commissioners Captain S. T. Beard, O. B.E. (Monmouthshire Centre), Mr. C. T. Hurry Riches (Caerrhilly Sub-District), and Mr. Lemuel Jones (Aberavon Sub-District), Captain F. P. Robathan, M.e:. ( clillg Commissioner, Glamorgan

Nominations for appointments in the Flintshire, Monmouthshire, and Borough of Rhondda Centres were considered at meetings of the Executive and Ambulance Committees on A pril 28th.

It was unanimously agreed to recommend to the SubPrior (the Right Hon. Lord Kylsant, G. C. M. G.) thal Henry Howard Evans, General Manag-er of the Cambnan Combine of Messrs. Tlw Associated Collieries. Ltd., be appoinLed President of the Borough of Rhondda Centre. Mr. Evans is an old ambulance man, has for rnany year s taken interest in the Ambulance Movement and gives ever) encouragement to his men to train in First Aid.

Admira l Rowley-Conwy, C.M.G., R.N., of Bodrhyddan , Rhuddlan, Flint, has accepted the appointment of President of the Flintshire Centre in place of the late Loru Ilostyn.

Authority was given for a demonstration in ambulan.c e work by St. John Cadets in connection will: the Display in the Cardiff Arms Park on the occaSlOn of the VIStt of H. R. H. the Prince of Wales on May 21st. At the requf' s t of the Chief Const.able of Card iff (Mr. J ames A Wilson, O. B. E.), ambulance and nursing members of the Brigade will undertake duty in the streets.

The Committee cons id ered a proposal that the Brigade 111 \V a les should have a distinctive flag. The suggestion wa s approved in principle, and a design showing the Badge of the Order s urm ounted by the Welsh Dragon and Leeks genera lly approved.

App lications for Service Medals and Service Medal Bar s were considered, and the following names submitted for awards ;Service Medals.

Monmouthshire Centre.

Divisional Supt. Edward HarveYl Corp1. John Tr(lllter Pte. Jal11es Parker.

May, 1930. FIR S T

Glamorgan County Cent.re.

Pte. Thomas C. Instrell, Ambu lance Sister Hannah Fletcher.

City of Cardiff Centre.

Pte. William G. Buckland, Ambulance Sister Josephine 1\ [organ

Borough of Merthyr Tydfil Centre.

Divisional Supt. David Jones, Serg-t. Morfryn Griffiths, Corpl. Cradog M. Jones, CorpI. Edward Lewis, Pte. William Evans, Pte. Henry S. Waters, Pte. Alb ert W. Baker.

Service Bars.

City of Cardiff Centre.

Sub-Comm issionpr F. R. Hortop, Lady Staff Officer Mary YIetcalf, Lady Staff Officer Mary Tyndall, Divisional Supt. C. Lennox, Ambulance Officer T. :Vlorris, Lady Ambulance Officer Rose Nunon, Sergt. J. L. Collins, Corpl. W. H. Adams, Pte. ]. Dally. Glamorgan County Centre.

Staff Of{)cer W. Hares.

Borough of Merthyr Tydfil Centre.

Divisional Supt. Joseph vVa) t. 1onmouthshire Centre.

Corpi. A Curtis.

PRIORY DAY IN CARDlFF

On Saturclay, May 3rd, the Priory made ils annual appeal for funds, and from early morning· the streets were besieged with enthusiastic helpers, and by the evening there were very few of the public not wearing the familiar badge.

The Lady 1ayoress, Irs. William

Charles, who as President of the Day had taken a keen interest in the arrangements, made a tour of the depots in a car gaily decorated with Priory Emblems, accompanied by the Principal Secretary, and

A 10. 285

was given a great welcome by the enthusiastic workers

Miss F. A. Dowdall, the Honorary Secretary of the Cardiff and District Branch (Women's Section) of the Royal Order of St. George organised a stall at the Cardiff Gas Company's Offices in Queen-street, and another at the Dutch Cafe, both of which were staffed by members of the Society, and collections made by them.

Mrs. Bevan Llewellyn had a Centre at St. Saviour's School, Splott, the area in which she did so much to assist

The Lord 1\layor of Cardiff, Alderman 'William Charles, presenting )he "Llandinam" Shield to the Garnant Team, winners in vVelsb Brigade Finals.

during the many years she lived in the district.

1\1iss Rose vVilliams, of Roath Court, had a Depot at the Church Hous e , Roath.

1\1rs. E. Rawden, the energetic orga llising Secretary of the South \Vales and Counties Associa t ion for the Blind, had charge of the \Vhitchurch area, ,,·ith a Depot at t\ o. 81, Bishop'sroad, \ Vhitchurch.

Mr . N. Alexander was in charg-e of the Llanclaff North area, \,"ith a Depot at Oshawa, vVingfield-road, Llandaff.

1\1r. Farclo, of Rhubina, had the "\i\lestern Mail" stall again this year. 1\Iiss Brenda Beyan helped the Lady l\Iayores and took charge of the stall at the Dorothy Cafe.

1\1rs. T. Tamlyn Hosking and 1\1rs. P. Lean, two members of the Priory Staff, who were married last year, worked between them the stall at the Angel Hotel 1\1iss 1"\. Byrne, the Chairwoman of the United Sen ices and Bntish Legion BenE'Yolent Fund, had a stall at the Gaiety Cinema, City-road, and i\Iiss E. Robert.s, of the Cardiff Trades and Labour CouncIl, a stall at the Royal George Hotel, Cityroad.

fhe tradespeople of CarcliIT responded magnificentl y to the appeal of the Lad/,

Llanelly Nursing Team receiving the "Arthur Griffiths" Memorial Cup fron, the Lady Mayoress, Mrs. William Charles, at ihe 'Welsh Brigade Finals,

Iayoress; one firm ga\"e her adonation of .£20. Each ot the n\'e hundred helpers had a ticket and they han) been ilwitcd br the Lady i\layoress to a mceting in the City Hall on :r"riday, ::'liar 16th, ,,·hen thc.se tick?ts \\·ill be dra\yn for and prizes, \yhlch ha\"e been k1l1dly given by the busines houses in Cardiff, presented to the winners

Amongst the prizes are seats at the local theatres, umhrellas, hnnd bags and ntrious other articles.

Detailed Marking Sheet, No. 22.

DIYIDl'AL TEST.

BEc\RERS :\fos. 1 2.-You two arc \yalking dO\\'n the main street of a stmnge to\\'n and note 100 yards ahead of you a Telephone Kio k \\'ith Roadside ,:\mbulance Box attached.

Immediately afterwards a motor cyclist approaches you at top speed and tries to turn into a side street. He skids and crashes into the brick \\'all of a house 20 yards away. Act as you should.

TOTE FOR JUDGE'-A1-ranKC scellC to represent lIlat'n and side stre{'/s alld 7(1all if house. Fix up " Tekphone A-;osl " 7uitlz "First .-'1 id Box." A1Il1m1a71Le 7(11'11 arrh'e 5 lIli711des a(ler call.

Place patielll Ulldel <)Ide right trouser ll'g soaked 7udh blood, incised 7f1011lld painted on leg (upper tMrd) and irre,l;ulari(11 maded onfrrlJlt of leg (1moer tlzinl) 1!1' mea1lS 0.1 cod,. Indicafe a pool 0/ petrol near c)'ele 7C11liclz is surrounded by a cr07€'d.

DETAILS OF TEST.

l:\L\IEDTATE ACTIO:\.

:\lode of approach of bearers on patient

Take steps to keep back cro\\'d

But lea\'e patient as found for present

Speak to patient (lte 1'ep1ies promptly)

\\T arn patient make no attempt to move

Observe pool of petrol in the roadway

\Varn no cigarettes alight or matches

Tact and encouragement \\'ith the patient

Observe trouser leg soaked in blood

Dccide no\\' to rescue from beneath cycle

Efficiency of mode of remoyal

Ask for doctor (no) ; hospital (2 miles)

Send bystander to Kiosk for material

Ak name and add res of patient C)' 1/I/1es) OF PATIE:-.lT.

Place flat; ask if bleeding seyere (yes)

One bearer applies pressure on Femoral .\.rtery

'Without \vaiting to remo\ e clothes

The other bearer exposes and locates wound

By slitting up outside seam of trouser

Ask colour of blood (scal'let) flow (spurts)

Character of \\'ound (incz'sed) ; if clcan (yes)

At first moment Bearers fix tourniquet

To Femoral and ask if bleeding ceased

Note swelling oyer Tibia and Fibula (low down)

Ask if irregularity (J1es) ; if wound (no)

If loss of povver (yes) ; if bruising (no)

Steady and supporL right leg of patient

Ask if any pain elsewhere (no)

Rapidly exclude other injuries (none)

A. k colour of face (pale) ; breathing (slzall07u)

Test pulse at wrist (weak) ; skin (cold)

bearer proceeds to Telephone

Rat/way Ambulance Ne w s.

Great Western.

The eight teams \\'ho suryived the semi-final round tll the 1930 competitions met in the final contest at Paddington on Friday, May 2nd, when the work of the competitors was vvatchcd by a number of interested spectators.

The Rt. Hon. the Viscount Churchill, G.C.V.O., Chairman of the Company, presided at the subsequent gathering when the presentations were made by the \ Tiscountess before a large company.

The result of the competition \vas announced by 'IV. G. Chapman as under :-

1, Newport, Dock Street, 27-+ marks; 2, Tewport, _\k(andra Docks, 263; 3, Swindon (AdYanced), 230; -t. Blazey, 219; 5, Ruabon, 216; 6, Paignton, 215; 7, (Beg1l1ners), 211 8, Gloucester 200.

Yorkshire Collieries Ambulance League.

THE semi - final round of the " \ IVood" Shield competition took place on 10th at the following Centres :-Leer1s, Castleford, Barnsley and Rotherham

Thirty- three teams in all competed, and the winners of each Centre will meet in the final to be held on Saturday, May 31st, at the Unity Hall, \IV akefield.

The winning teams were declared as follows :-

Leeds Centre, Rothwell Haigh Fanny Castleford Centre, \-Vater Haigh TO. 1 Barnsley Centre, Woolley o. 1 Rothcrham Centre, Waleswood TO. 1

The tests were :STRETCHER CASE.

251 points. 257 263 249

This collier has just been rescued from a nooded mine' and is very severely and extensively injured . He is unconscious and breathing has ceased There is a compound fracture of the bones of his leg, the tibia bone sticking through the skin, and marked deformity of his arm. After rendering First Aid he has to be taken by stretcher to his home, which lies at the bottom of a steep hill, and handed over to the doctor, who is awaiting hi arri\'al. Twenty minutes allowed for this test.

INDI\,IDUAL INJURIES

o. 1 has to treat a large and deep lacerated forearm wound which has been caused by machinery.

No 2 has to treat a case of a man who has fallen off n roof, 100 yards from his home, on to his hand, and has also damaged his elbow joint

Nos 3 and 4 have to lift and carry a patient across the room by the "human sLretcher" method, and bring him back by the four-handed seat method.

Lord Churchill COllgratulated the w111ners and runnn:,-Llp who occupied the same position last year, and re-qualified for the Directors' Shield and" Caryell. Cup," of which Lhey were holders respectlyely. The PaIg11ton team who together with one of the Swindon teams had enteI:ed in the Beginners' team, was handed the" Henry Butt" Challenge Bowl.

Opportunity was taken of the ,?cca IOn to present gold, and bronze medals and certIficates, awards made to members of the staf-f for exceptionally meritorious first aid rendered during the year 1929. So many excellent reports were submitted that the number of had been considerably increa ed, and an analYSIS .of the disclosed the fact that two-thirds were outSIde the raIlway, whilst about one-half of them were road motor accidents.

Lord Churchill said that \vhilst the Directors of the Company were more than pleased to afford recoo'nition in the form of prizes, medals, etc., in connection with the First Aid Movement, he knew full well that the real reward for the leisure which proficiency inwas the pnvIlege ot affording skilled assistance to one s 1e11o\\s when the unfortunate necessity arose. He knew. of no better mo\'ement " ith which one could be assocIated.

. 9 n of Trevor Roberts, the compel1tJon adjudIcator \yere thanked for their sen'ices and in replying Lieut.-Col. Brooks and Dr. Connan gan the teams some helpful adyice on their work.

LO;\,G SERncE A"·,\RDs.-\Ve understand that the gold efficiency medal has recently been issued by the G.'vV.R. Ambulance Centre. This medal a\\'ard was

in titutcd in l\o\'cmber, 1921, to mark the 25th anniYersary of the formation of the G.\Y.R. Ambulance Centre. The qualification for the medal is the possession of the medallion and twc1n subsequent label awards of the St. John Ambulance A sociatiol1, i.e., fifteen years' first aid efficiency.

London and N orth E aste rn.

At Liverpool tation on Thur day, :i\Iay 8th, an Ambulance Competition was held between the premier ambulance teams of the Great Central, Great Eastern, Great orthern and North Eastern Sections of the Lon-

TilL! \Ti::.coullte::.s Churchill jJrc:;cnting the Dire:::tor Challenge Shield to the winner:;, l\' c\\'port Doc\;: lreel Tcam, at the G. vV. R .•-\mbuiance Finals.

don and North Eastern Railway for the purpose of ?ecidino· which two teams should represent the LN.KR 111 the Inter-Railway Ambulance Competition.

The Great Central Section was represented by the Gorton Loco. Team, the Great Eastern Section by the Parkeston "B" Team, the Great N orthern by the Colwick Team and the North-Eastern SectlOn by the Hull Team.

Hull and Parkeston "B" were the two successful teams, and in addition to representing the LN.KR in the Inter-Railway Competition, they will a lso represent the English teams in the LN.KR English v Scottish Ambulance Competition.

KINGS CRoss.-Mr. "Bert" Dye has been known for many years at Kings Cross Goods Station as an enthusiastic ambulance man, and many members of the staff injured in the performance of their duties or otherwise have sought his assistance in order to have their wounds dressed, while all the ambulance men on the station look to him as their leader. In addition, Mr. Dye has for several years past acted as hon Secretary and Instructor

ciation to all concerned for the very loyal support which had at all times been given him, and without which he cou ld not have carried on. On the proposal of Mr. Underwood, a vote of thanks was accorded Mr. Massa for presiding.

London, Midland and Scottish .

The first Women's LM S. Ambulance Competition , which was held on Thursday, May 1st, at the Midland Grand Hotel, London, proved a great success. Eighteen teams competed and, considering that to the majority of competitors this was their initiation in the .competition room the work done was very good. There 1S, howev er, still lot for them to learn in this direction, and next year we look forward to see a great advance on thi s year's work

The teams were Euston (three teams), Manchester (three teams), Derby (three teams), Liverpool (two teams), Crewe, Bristol, Sheffield, Camden, I?olion, Warrington and Glasgow (one team each), the Judges bein g

May , F 1RS 't profession to which Dr. Lakin replied, giving the competitors some va luable advice for future occasions.

Miss H Mervyn, Women's Lady Workers Supervisor, propoo$ed a vote of thanks to Mr. Quirey for presenting the prizes and also thanked Mr. G. S. Hill, General Ambulance Secretary, and his band of workers, for making the first women's competition such a success.

On the LM S. there are about 500 women interested ill ambulance work and in 1929 those passing examilJ.ations numbered 325.

It is pleasing to note that the younger members of the staff are showing great interest in the work, and that the average age of the winning team was as low as 20. This, we feel, is a good sign and look forward to receive particulars of a great increase in membership during the present year.

NORTH DOCKS, LIVERPOOL-A smoking concert was held on Saturday, May 3rd, in recognition of the success of the Station Ambulance Team in the LM.S. finals.

The chair was taken by the Agent, Mr. T. D. L.

A I D .

District Secretary was given by the District Goods Manager, and a very enjoyable function took place. Thanks of appreciation were extended to Mr. ·White wh.o in reply anticipated the return of the Inter-Railway ShIeld to the Liverpool District

Southern ,

The final competition for the Southern Railway Ambulance Shield was held c:tt the Cannon Street Hotel London, on Friday, May 2nd, and a large concourse of railway ambulance enthusiasts gathered to witness the work of the finalists.

The scene of the accident in the t eam test was, as usual, elaborately st aged and represented an empty house with a deaf caretaker in residenc e, whose antics greatly amused those present The" inj uries" were accurately faked with plaster casts.

LiYerpool, Waterloo Dock, No 1 Team, winners of the first L. M.S. Women's Ambulance Competitions of First Aid Classes, and quite recently was invited by members of the newly-formed S.lAR Division, No. 107 (York Road, LN.KR), to become their officer in charge.

Several members of the staff-clerical and unifo r mdecided to show in a practical manner their esteem and regard for Mr Dye and their appreciation of his untiring services, and on Monday, May 5th, they gathered in the Ambulance Room, Kings Cross Goods Station, where Mr. G. R Massa, the Goods Agent, on behalf of the subscribers, presented him with a very handsome and useful oak writing table. In making the presentation, Mr. Massa spoke in high terms of Mr. Dye's long and unstinted service in the cause of First Aid and ambulance work in general. Other short speeches to the same effect were given by Mr. K l Garrod (chief of the Inward Dept, in which Mr. Dye is employed), Mr. H. W. Harvey (Secretary, London District, G N Centre Section, S.J.AA), and Mr. C Waygood, who acted as Secretary for the subscription list Mr. Dye suitably replied and added that he would like to take the opportunity to express his appre-

Dr. A. T. Lakin, M.R, Ch.B. (team test), Dr. l G . Cop eland, M.A., M.D. (individual), Dr. A. Badenock, M.A. , M.D. (viva-voce).

The competitions started about 9 30 a.m. and continued roughout the day . About 4 .30 p .m. the prize distribution was held, Mr. C L Darbyshire (Chief Officer for Labour and Establishment, LM.S.) presiding.

The result of competition was announced by Mr. JQuirey (vice-President, L.M.S.), as follows ;-

1, Liverpool, Waterloo Docks No.1, 270 points; 2, Euston Audit, 247; 3, Camden, 243 Maximum points, 350.

Mr. Quirey then presented the silver challenge cup and silver rose bowl to the winning team, silver vase s to the second, and boudoir clocks to the third team. He a.lso congratulated the winners and urged all competitors to stick to their studies and make themselves mor e efficient.

The Rt. Hon A Holland Hibbert and Mr. Chas Ker proposed votes of thanks to the judges and the medical

v\Taterloo "A" Team, winners of the Southern Railway Finals, receiying the Challenge Shield from Lady \Valker. White, and a.. most enjoyable evening was spent Mr. F. R Hauxwell, District Goods Manager, was also present

An original song was given by Mr. G. 1:1. B?othmaII, CC, J.P., and its application to the occaSlOn 1S ShOWll in the following selected verses ;-

" But this is not really my principal theme, I wanted to sing of an Ambulance Team.

The name of this Team I will leave you to guess, But they're cock of the walk on the L.M. & S.

" They meet their opponents in Country or Town; They travel the Kingdom all up and all But although their rivals may pu1l up thell- socks, Their garters give way when theIr meet WIth North Docks.

"There's one word of \varning I wish to declare, Of a new local Team they will have to beware' Or the Waterloo Ladies, now gaining renown, Will grasp at the laurels composing their crown."

Preceding the Smoker, a d111ner to the team and

The judges were Dr. I. Corbet Fletcher, M.A., M.R, B.C, M R.CS., LRCP. (team test), Dr. H. D. McCall, 1LRCS., LR.CP ) and Dr. H. Fleet-wood \Valk e r, 1\LB., RS., Ph. (individual tests).. .

At the prize distribution, pres1ded oyer by Slr Herbert \-Valker, the result of the competition was announced by 1\1r. E. A Richards) as follows;-

1 Waterloo "A," 395 marks; 2, Hor ham, 350; 3, Soutl{ampton West o. 1) 3-1-7; -1-, Ash ford Works (. A ," 333· 5 Gillino·ham o. 1, 33H; 6, Bricklayers' Arms No. 1 330 7 No. 1, 8, Waterloo" B," 321; 9' Red' H'ill No.1, 307; 10, Barnstaple No.2 and Victoria l' o. 1, 12, Redbridge "B," 300.

Lady Walker then presented the Shield to \l\Taterloo " A" team and individual prizes to the members of the first three teams. A bouquet was presented to Lady \-Valker by a member of the Waterloo Ladies' Team.

A '.'ote of thanks to the judges was proposed by :\1r. Hatch, captain of the winning team, and responded to by Dr. Fletcher.

Sir Herllert Walke r responded to the vote of t h anks to Lady Walker.

The stretcher test was as follows:-

C\RD OF INSTRUCTION.-One winter's evening you fo ur arc practising in the Staff Canteen of a l arge Railway Station, when you hear the crash of glass. A boy ru ns in and says that twenty yards away, a man) shutting the \vindow of an empty house, has met with an accident whilst standing on a ladder and that his right forearm is pinned down ·by both sashes of a heavy p l ate-gl ass window. It is bitterly cold) and you do not know anyt h ing about the district.

/:lct as YOIt see fit. Time limit 20 1ILinntes

IOTE FOR J UDGE.-Erect strollg ladder opposite to windu'w of room of hOl/se to which access is possible. Place paticllt 011 ladder about 12 feet 1Ip with right forearm pinned do'wil by both sashes. Paint forearm, with red ink. Scatter pieces of glass on 'ZuiJ1dow sill) al1d 1'eplace for each team

/:lrrange for stolle-deaf resident caretaker who shall be sleeping sonndl:JI 1·n bed. Paper and pencil available Ca1'etalcer returns to bed as soon as Bearers cease q1testions

/:lrrunge canteen) 1·1l which place full eqnipment (scattered liere and there), i11cluding blankets and telephone Patient Insis(s on ladder alld) slippillg on the last ntng) sprUins JIIS nght ankle and becollles faint Place ca ndlestick alld 1//atches ilL bedroom of hOHse.

TMMEDIATE ACTION.

T\vo Bearers immediately proceed to patient remain to collect material (2 1ILill1ttes) h ecp and ask to conduct to place of accident.

Ask !1lstory (docs not know anything more)

Ask 1£ feels :111 right and if knows district (Yes)

1£ Doctor avall.able 2 miles away)

Hospital (1 mde); 1£ ambulance (at hospital)

FURTIlER ACTION.

Mode of action and advance on patient

Shout warning to patient not to. move

Ask if ladder will bear twa men (easay)

One Bearer immediately mounts ladder

Another seeks admission to house .. .

Anc.! proceeds rapidly to room of house Lights c.andle to provide necessary light

l?lscover resident caretaker lying in bed ,. .,

1 ry to r?use by speaking and touching (no response)

Shake (careta:ker wakes slowly) ... . . . pencll, and wnte all questions

Name and address of patient (five miles)

1 hat he was mending window af house 0- nd Beare.rs do what is necessary .,.

A.51-. If ':'lslble bleed111g (rust above 'Wrist)

11 (Y.es); If scarlet in colour (Yes)

ImmedIate Brachial Artery . .

Purp?sely avoldl11g fleXIOn of elbow

A:k .If (Yes) 1"/ is correct)

Beal er 111 house carefully raIses sashes . .

s,upports prevents them from falling of shock (not marked)

Ask patient 1£. can down ladder (Yes)

Method of patIent to the ground .

And of bleeding in injured limb

Support pattent as he stumbles in descent ) , (N B.-Patient has no'W fainted.)

Ilclce on back; head to one side

apply tourniquet to Brachial Artery

DeCIde removal at once to canteen

removal and of assistance given

!,Iclce I ecumbent on couch; care of limb

I elephone for ambulance (here in 6 minutes)

EXAMINATION OF PATIENT.

Complete examination in canteen

Ask if any other visible bleeding (none)

Ask colour af face (pale); test p ul se (weak)

A 10. May , 19 30.

Ask state of b r eathing (s hallow); skin (cold) 2

Loose n clot hi ng; cover patient wa r m ly ..J.

Speak to. pat i ent (now {idly recovered)

Ask if hot-water bottles available (N u)

Right Forearm:

Ste ri lise fingers and examine r ight farearm ..J.

For pain (Yes); for irregularity (above wrist)

For swelling (Yes); for loss of power (complete)

Ask if wound l eads to fracture (bones protmde)

If wo u nd clean (Yes); if foreign bodies (Nu)

Decide Compo u nd Complicated Fracture Farearm

Rig h t Ankle :

N ext proceed to examine the right ankle 4

For pain (Yes); made worse by movements (Yes) 2

Fo r loss of power) swelling, discolouration (Y cs) 3

Do not expose but treat as Sprained Ankle 2

Mode of examination for any other injuries 2

Head, chest, spine) pelvis and other limbs (Ilolle) 6

TREATMENT OF PATIENT

Ask if any change, face) pulse, breathing (No) 3

Keep patient's head and shoulde r s low 3

Right Forearm :

Paint fingers, wound and skin with iodine 2

Clean dry dressing, soft pad cotton wool 2

Bandage l ightly, avoiding undue pressure 2

Bend forearm) thumb up, palm inwards 2

Apply two splints ...j.

Inner and outer, from elbow to fingers ..J.

Securely bandage above and below fracture... ..J.

Round hand, support in large ann-sling ...j.

Relax tourniquet; ask if bleeding restarts (N u) ...j.

Right Ankle:

Do nat remove boot; cLpply bandage , ...j.

Tightly round foot as figure-eight; wet later ..J.

Sme ll ing salts to nostrils; hot drink) keep warm 3

TRANSPORT OF P,\TIENT

Ask. if any change in face, pulse) breathing (Nu) 3

DeclCle remove to hospItal without delay ..J. Explain situation; encaurage throughout 4Confirm identity of patient and address 2

Later arrange message to rdati ves 2 testing and placing stretcher 2 (care of 1·1J.jurcd limbs) 4 Llftl11g, carrylllg, lowering stretcher ..J. Method of loading ambulance ,. 6

Proceed with patient (care dnriJl!/ fruJlsit) ... 2 to. Doctor (history) il1jnries, trcutmellt) ..J. General smartness and co-operation of team G

TOTAL 26U .-- .------

S.J.A.B. Overseas.

HONGKoNG.-The annual inspection of the Hon o l :on rr Corps was on .March 27th, when His Officer Adml11 1stenng the Government (the Hon. Mr. W. T. Sou thorn) was the Inspecting Officer. Smartness a.nd efficiency of the Corps was commented upon, and ]VIr. Southom congratulated the members on the work done during the past yea r) which was marked by a number of natab l e awa r ds, incl uding the presentation of two Belilios l ife-sav ing medals.

function was made the morc notable by the 1l1vestlture of Mr. E. Ralphs, Asst. Cammisioncr with the insignia af Knight of Grace af the Order of) St. John uf Je r usalem.

His Excell ency the Officer Administerino- the Government was r ece i ved on a r riva by Mr. 80 Kom-tong, of G r ace of the Order, Mr. E. Ra l phs, the Asst. Comm ISSIOne r , Dr. Ma L uk) Mr. A Morris, and other affice r s of t h e B ri gade

May , 19 30. FIRST

Following an inspection of the different including the Nurses' Section) which took up a pOSItion ncar a Field Service Station, the Hon. Mr. Southom and party viewed a demonstration of field stretcher work. The various Divisions then farmed up into a hollow square for the important ceremony which followed.

Mr. E. Ralphs was then invested with the Insignia of Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John of J erusalem Mr. Ralphs commenced his ambulance work in 1889, and in 1910 became Secretary of the Ambulance Association in Hongkong. He started the Hongkong Branch of the S.J.A.B. in 1915, the membership of which has now reached 367. He was appointed Asst. Commissioner in 1915, and Honorary Serving Brother in 1918, Officer of the Order, 1924

His Excellency also preSented long service medals and various trophies gained by the different Diyisions during the year.

After an address the Divisions re-formed) and headed by the band of the Samerset Light Infantry, marched past His Excellency, who took the salute.

In the evening Mr. E. Ralphs was the guest of honour at a dinner held at the Hongkong Hotel) at which l\1r. Iro Kom - tong presided.

Mr. Ho Kom-tong proposed the health of l\Ir. Ralphs, congratulating- him on his investiture, and for the amount ui time he had :,;-i ven to the Ambulance movemcnt.

l,Ir. E. Ralphs replied) thanking· all present for their " ood wishes anc.! conoratulations amI o aye a ::,hort resume Zf the work ()f the S.J.A.B. in 'Kongiong, paying credit to the many loyal helpers, including Dr. Koch, who was one of the first to join the Corps.

The City of London Police Reserve.

Owing- to the g-reat amount of work entailed in making the necessary arrangements) and in getting the Teams "polished" up for the final of the ,. Smith" Cup Competition; the usual monthly report for April was not forwarded

I must not forget to mention the further visit we had to the Royal Callege of Surgeons 011 March 29th last.

The party, numbering about 25 men of the "ReserYe," hac! the g ood fortune to have , ,\lith them Ambulance Officer 'vV. J. Harris) and he readily accepted the post of guide and took charge of the party.

The final Competitian of the " Smith" Challenge Cup for First Aiel and Ambulance work) which is the gift of Col. Sir William Smith) l\1.D., J.P., CC) T.D., the Hon l\Ieclical Officer of the ., Reserve," took place at Headlluarters on the evenin o of April 30th) and Teams from (;ach af the four Divisions, i.e., A., B.) C, and D., competed. The J uclges were: Captain White Knox, l\1. C, l\I.D. (Team Test) , and Dr. F . K. Lund , l\1.B., M.R.CS. (Individual Test) The results were as follows: " A " ISS, " B" 144 "C" 104 and" D" 128 the possible number of marks) being 275. Limited space prevents giving a more detailed account of the Competition.

One of the best Team displays I have had the good fo r tune to witness, followed immediately after the finish of the Cup Competition With the co-operation of Sir Walter Allen, K.B.E., Chief of the Metropolitan Special Constabulary, and Captain A. J. Raberts) aur Chief Staff Officer, the Lewisham Team of the" P" Division Special Constabulary gave a very good idea how and why they were the winners of the" Special Constabulary" Cup last year Under the direction of their well-known trainer) P C J. Facey) they worked together in a manner which clea rl y showed Team work at its highest point of perfection, and as a result all present learnt a lot in a very sho r t space of lime. This over) a supper followed in

A I D 291

the Wakefield Mess, at which these gentlemen and their officers were the guests of the evening. I have every reason for saying that this) their first visit to us, was a most enjoyable one, and it is hoped but the forerunner of many other visits; at any rate, the eyening was indeed a memarable one.

Amongst those present at the Competition and the Supper were: Representing the Metropolitan Special Constabulary-Captain W E. Young, O B.E., Commander A. Hayden, M.B.E., Asst. Conv. W. Prickett) Chief In::,peclor A. Garner, Chief Inspector A. GreeD) P.C J. Facey, trainer of the P. Division, Peckham Station. Amongst those representing the City Police and Police Resene were: Commandant VV. Lovell, CB.E.; Asst. Commandant G. H. Valentine, O.B.E.; Captain A. J. Roberts, Chief Staff Officer; Sir ·William Smith) l\1.D., J.P., CC) T.D., Hon. l\l e dical Officer; Asst. Diy. Comm. E. A. Opas; Asst. Div Comm. A. H. Smith; Major Higgins, D.S.O.; Group Comm. G. Firth Osman; Asst. Group Comm. C T. Firth Osman; Captain Marcus Smith; Assl. Div. Camm. W. H. Champion; Chief Superintendent E. Thompson (City Police); Superintendent J. E. James anel Superintendent J. H. Booth (City Police ) ; Coy. Commander H. Sulley and Group C0l11111 A. J. 1\IacLean; Ambulance Officers H. J. G. White and \Valter J. Harris (S.J.AB.), who acted as ste\vards) and Sergt s Mumford and Rose, timekeepers (City Police).-C. G. Sergt. and Hall. Secretary.

J\mbulance News eutt in gs from the 3lt'ess.

The Editor invites Readers to send newspaper cUllings on matler of general interest for inclusion in this column.

HIS OTHER HOBBY.

The Bishop of London, opening a pari:,h hall at Sl. OlayC", Stoke Ke\\"ington, said that some fe\\" years ago a worried wife asked him if he could :,top her husband from cunlinually gelting drunk

He persuaded the husband to join a SL. John "'\Illbulance Class; and a few 1110nths laler he mel tbe wife \\"11ll when asked if her husband had stol111cd o L'ltin u drunl./ ;-, D remarked: "Oh, yes, he does not take to drink no\\· ; but he stops at home of an evening and l1lakes us all help him in b<l.l1daging the cat for supposed injuries. " - E7.' c lIill<!.;-

C.\T SL FFOCATES A R\BY.

1\lrs. Rachel GriHith , of Stoke Ne\\·ington, left her 11month-old boy in his colon Friday. Later she found the caL lying asleep across his face. The baby was dead \\"hen the doctor arri\'ed.

At the inquest, i.\lrs. Griffiths said that thc cat used to play \vith the child; and she often had to shut the dOL)r Lo keep it a'way. She had seen it on the cot before. She shul the door on this occasion but the cat must been left in the r00111.

Dr. Bronte, the pathologist, said that death was due to asphyxia. Three cases came within his knowledge of yOLlllg children being asphyxiated by cats sleepiIlg 011 their faces.l\Te7.vs.

A Hag-day recently held at \VillcsdeIl 011 behalf Llf the Red Cross Depot at Harlcsdcn realised the Lim of £31 10s.

The Dag day held in Grm csend and district on behalf of the local S ].A B., realised the sum of £194 7s. 6d., a record for the distr ict.

Ear Troubles from Bathing.

EVERY public swimming bath ought to be placarded with the warning;

IS NOT A NATURALLY AQUATIC

But as he has thrust himself into unnatural elements-flying, swimming and tunnelling underground, and means to contin ue to do so as long as he lives, he must learn to make good his natural deficiencies as best he can In the matter of swimming and diving, etc , these deficiencies largely concern the e;:trs. 1ammals, such as the seal, which have reverted to an aquatic life, have a mechanism for closing their ears and nostrils when submerged Ian does not unfortunately possess this protective mechanism

There are two main passages to the interior of the human ear. The external passage leads to the drum, which, in hea l th, is air-and-water- tight Disease may cause a perforation of it, temporary or permanent. The internal passage, or Eustachian tube, leads from the back of the nose in to the interior of the ear-the space on the inner side of the drum So much for the elementary anatomy of the ear.

The diver whose drums are not perforated, who harbours no virulent germs in his mouth, ;-Jose and throat, and who swims in perfectly clean water, ru ns but little risk of ear trouble when bathing True, water may enter the external passage and impinge on the drum, particularly if he dives deep, and if the passage contains wax, this may swell and the ,vater remain cut off between it and the drum, causing deafness and buzzing in the ear. However, th is is a minor trouble. If it persists, a doctor or nurse can remove it by judicious syringing.

Matters are very .differen t when complicated by one or other of the following troubles ;_

(1) The drum is perforated as the result, perhaps of some infection in childhood.

(2) The swimmer harbours virulent germs in nose, throat or mouth (he may be suffering from a "cold" or some other acute infection).

(3) The water in the swimming bath is badly infected by some person or persons suffering from a variety of infectious conditions).

(1) The swimmer whose drum is perforated ought not to swim, for whatever precaution he takes, he is liable to an infection of the internal ear through the perforation in the drum. It is useless in such a case to pack the internal passao-e with ordinary cotton woo l which merely gives b a fa lse sense of security Somewhat more effcctive, but not absolutely reliable, is plugging the externa l

passage with a mixture of wool fibre and plasticine or wax Over such a plug a rubber bathing cap is clra\vn so as to cover the ears . Some instrument makers take a cast of the patient's ea l-, and fit him with a specially-made plug . Rubber ear plugs may be obtained in most countries. In the United States these plugs are much in use. But as none of these devices are fool-proof, the swimmer with a perforated drum would do well to seek his exercise and pleasures elsewhere .

(2) The swimmer who is suffering from a cold in the head or some other infection of the nose, throat or mouth, runs the risk of forcing the infecting germs through the Eustachian tubes into his ears even tllough his drums are intact. The risks of this accident are, of course, greatest "when he dives to some depth and does not breathe properly when swimming The practised swimmer fills his lungs at regular intervals, through the widely opened mouth, keeping the soft palate raised and thus sh utti ng off the openings of the Eustachian tubes at the back of the mouth; the inexperienced swimmer draws water into his nose, choking and swallowing it. If he is suddenly ducked or pushed into the water unawares. he again chokes and swallows water, a Ii ttle of which escapes into the Eustachian tubes. Jumping into the water from a high board, without holding the nose, is another practice favouring the sudden inrush of water into the dangcrous spaces behind the nose. The swimmer who is suffering from any infection of the nose and throat should keep away from public swimming bath as much for his own sake as for that of others.

(3) The pollution of public swimming baths is a most difficult problem Frequent changing of the water, and its treatment with disinfectants arc two of the most important precautions to be taken. The excellent practice of not allowing a swimmer to enter a public bath until he has washed himself all over with soap under a shower is adopted in many towns. The pro<;;pective bather should not be allowed to come in straight from the streets and tram p along the sides of the bath in his dirty boots; sooner or later dirt thus deposited finds its way into the water.

Persons liable to attacks of dermatitis or boils in the external passage leading to the drum are liable to find these conditions aggravated by bathing even in perfectly clean water, and tbey would therefore do well to consul t their doctors before going to the sea - side and joining in bathing parties Such patients may possibly be allowed to bathe if they take thc precaution of plugging their ears with a small piece of cotton wool im pregnated with vaselinc .

Public baths have come to stay. They meet a great need, and they are even more important to the poor than to the rich. And as the accidents which follow their use are very infrequent con -

May,

s ide ri ng how many enjoy them, there is no reason wb y a pan ic sbou l d be created about thei r. dangers The chances of anyone person fa l ltng a victim to them are quite sma ll, and they can be further rcduced zf the autlwritz"es z"nsz"st on keejz"ng tile 7.Vate7" as clean as possible, and if the individual bather takes the precautions just prescribed, and is conscientious enough to assure himself that he is neither a danger to himsel f nor to othc r s before he dives in - League of Red C1/0SS Socz"etl·es

The More Common Poisons. *

By T C FOSTER, 1\1. D

CARBOLIC ACID

POISONIl G by carbolic acid, whether through misadventure or -suicidal intent, is at the present time perhaps the most commo'1 form This substance is widely used as a dlslnfectant, In the forms of lysol, phcnol, cresol, etc . The breath o( a pcrson ,, ' 110 has taken this may the characteristic smell of carbollc, and the lIps and mouLh will be burnt "white by its corrosive action . There is first a burning, metallic taste in the mouth and throat, followed by an acute pain bchind the breastbone and in the pit of the stomach . These symptoms are not so severe in. the case of carbolic as in those of other corrOSI\'P-S owina to its ancesthetic effect on the nerves in the mouth and gullet. Vomiting usually takes place Collapse is likcly to occur early and coma to vene. I n the trcatmen t of such cases an emetlc must not be givcn, as the contraction of the muscles in Lhe a:::t of vomiting might rupture the walls of the stomach and gullet which been inj urecl by the action of the . aCld . poison must be neutralJsed by an antidote. ThIS can be done by giving two teaspoonfuls of Epsom or G lauber salts in a half - pint of milk. Saccharated l ime-water may also be given freely. Shock and collapse must be watched for and treated .

Arsenic is the main ingrcdient in many weedkillers, sheep - dips, etc , and a verI' small two o-rains of arsen ious acid or white arselllC forms a close The diagnosis of this form of poisoning is usually very difficult, as there are n o characte r istic signs or symptoms. The symptoms usually comc on about one- half to one hour aftcr taking the drug and resemb le a violent b.il.ious attack, with acute pain in the stomach, vomltl.ng, d iarrhcea and cramps in the legs. The pat Ient

* Reprinled from The Irislt .1/llblflancL' Ga:ettl'.

.

should be made to vomit freely with an emetic, and should then be given an antidote of one tablespoonfu l of tincture of perchloride or iron in half a tumblerful of water, to which is aclded a tablespoonful of a strong solution of sodium carbonate, and a good draught of saccharated lime-water may also be of service

STRYCH:\TINE.

Strychnine is a common ingredient of vermin powders, beetle paste, etc . , and cascs of poisoning by this drug are not at all infrequent. In these cases there is a short period of abnormal restlessness, quickly followed by a general trembling, and then a general convulsion occurs in which the patient arches his back so that only the head and the heels touch the ground. The muscles of the face contract, giving the patient what is known as the" Sardonic Grin 'J and the face becomes livid. I n half to one minute the spasm relaxes, leaving the patient exhausted Another spasm soon occurs at the slightest irritation or even without any cause. As the patient is usually conscious between the convulsi8ns an emetic must then be administered. After vomiting, four teaspoonfuls of potassium bromide in water or half a teaspoonful of chloral may be given, or large doses of powdered charcoal in water.

Artificial respiration must be performed, as death usually occurs from asphyxia. If by any means the first hour can be tided oyer hopes of recovery may be fairly entertained.

OPIU:\I.

Opium and its man)' .are wid.ely used for the relief of pain and tor their sootbll1g properties. As a rule the sy m ptoms of from this dru2" are distinct. The patlent IS obstinately or in a profound stupor, \y!th slow, shallow respiration, feeble pulse, pallld, almost livid skin, covered with a cold sweat, and, above all, fixed contracted pupils - " pin-hole pupils . " . .

As reo-ards treatment, if the patIent IS not too drowsy to and the drug is known to have been taken bv mouth (opium preparations are often administered'hypodermically), give an emetic, and as an an tidote ten grains of potassiu m permanganate in a pint of water or tbree tablespoonfuls of Condy's fluid in a pint of water. Strong black coffee may also be given. effort must be made to pre\'ent the patient drowsy by walking bim about, slaI:'Plng hIm with a ,\:et towel, applying strong smellmg .salts to tbf> nostrtls and stimulation in every pOSSIble w.ay.. If the patient is unconscious, artificial re plratlOn must be done or death usually follows from failu re of the respiratory centres in the brain. .

Poisoning from overdosage of hypnotlcs, as veronal, chloral, trional, etc , used for the fellef

of insomnia is not uncommon. These cases resemble opium poisoning, except that" pin-holc pupils" are not prcsent. Treatm e nt consists in giving an emetic and then ge neral stimulation if the patient is consc iou s; if unconscious, artificial respiration Inhalations of oxygen may be given should the face tend to become bluish.

Pioneers of Medicine.

have been saved every year by von Behring's work on diphtheria.

For this work he shared with Roux the 2 5,000 fcs. prize of the Paris Academy of Medicine and the 50,000 fcs. prize of the Institute of France. In 1894, he was appointed Professor of Hygiene and Bacteriology at Halle, and in 1895 he occupied the corre s ponding chair at Marburg. Orders and distinctions were showered upon him by the lea rncd societies of all European countries, and in 1901 he was the first recipient of the Nobel Prize.

Red Cross Branch News.

" STANLEY" SIIIELDS CO [PETITIONS.

the assemb l y, and Dame Deryl Oli\'er announced the results as fol lows :-

'\loillen.

1. Edinhurgh marks

E?lJIL was born at Hansdorf in \ Vest Prussia on the day following the birth of his great compatriot, Pau l Ehrlich. The son of a schoo lm aster, one of a family of eleven children, he started h is professional career at the agc of 26 as an army surgeon, and two years lat er, i n hc published his first scientific work on thc action of iodoform as an antiseptic . His tastes did not tally with h is work as an army surgeon, and scienti ric research attracted him so st r ong ly that he soon left the army and became Koch's assistant at th e Hygienic Institute of Berlin.

About two years later, in collaborat ion "with the Japanese research worker, Kitasato, he discovered tetanus antitoxin Till this date, tetanus or lockjaw had bcen an a lm ost invariably fa ta l cl isease. Von Behring showed tlut if 11 is seru m werc given early enough, the patient would recover. i\Ian ure often teems wi th tetan us bacill i and during the Great 'Var, tetanus was a drea.ded th e trenches cut through h eav il y manured sod. Even a small sc ratch in such surroundings was often sufficient to cause fatal inf ection with tetanus, and, but for VO:l Behring's work,' thousands of combatants would have lost their li ves It may be noted in pa ss in g that in Denmark the Serum Institut e under Dr. l\fadsen did much to a ll eviate the s uffer in as of the Great War by preparing millions of doses b of anti-tetanus serum [or the use of the combatan ts.

Even .im was von Behring's d iscovery of serum, owing to which thc mortallty from dIphtheria has been brou aht down with a run. Before serum treat men introduced, the. from croup (a very form of dlphthena) was about 75 per cent. \V Ith111 a few years of the introd uction of serum this mortality h.ad been reduced to 25 per cent.: and the fron: other forms of diphtheria to val1ls hll1 g pOint. It has been calculated that 111 Germany alone approximately 45,000 lives

For many years, he was engaged on tuberculosis research and he carried out numerous experiments on cattle, with a view to immunising them against this disease. IIis work on tu berclliosis is, however, better known in connection with his, at that time, revolutionary teaching that consum ption is " but the end of the song sung at the cradle of the baby."

Hc taught, in other words, that tuberculosis is a life lo n g dis ease, n o t one which begins only a few m ont hs or years before the patient's death. Ili s teaching in this m atte r has had far reachin g consequences; it has led to p reve nti ve measures b ei n g concentrated on the first yea rs of life during which, he argued, human bein gs are most s u sceptible to this di sease

Other s ubject s on which hc worked were a n thrax, st rep tococca l infec tion and the h yg iene of mil k and water. H is b oo ks inclu ded one on " Blood Serum Therap y," one on the" Etiolog!cal Tr eat ment of I nf ect iou s Disease s,)) onc on the " Hi sto ry of Diphtheri a," one o n the" Control of n i phtheria " and one on the" General Trcatmen t of [nfectious dis eases ."

Comparatively early in hi s career, he was h a mp e red by ill health and in his fOI-ties he was obliged to g ive up teaching in order to concentratc on hi s ot her tasks. H e sti ll, how eve r, gave an occasional public lecture . After s ufferin g seve rely from periods of depression, be con tracted an attack of pneumonia, from which he died on March 31 st, 1917, only 63 years old. L eaglt e of Red Cross Socz'eties.

\. co ll ecl ion made in R eadin g on Saturday, l \pril 26 lh, on of the Red Cross Society, resulted in lIw s um of ;6159 9s.

Supt. Pet e r Cameron, of th e ConsClll and Di s lrict Corps, S.].A. B., has b een appointed to co mlucl da y a nd eve nin g am bulan ce classes among the worlwrs of lhe COIlSelt Imn Company.

'3 E

A Oag d ay h e ld recently at SouLhwic k in aid of th e Southwick and Sh o reh a m Divi s ion of the St. John J\mbulance Association r es ulted in £10 9s. fOd. being collecLed. Expenses amounted to £1 11 s.

The rinal co mp et iti o ns for the men's and women's s hi e ld s were held aL th e Wh arncl iffe R ooms, London, on Wednesday, M ay 14lh. Com m e n c in g at 9 l0 a.m. the tests conl inu ed throughout Lhe day, the team tests being witne ssed by a large a nd ent hu s iast c a udi ence As u s ual the indi\ idu a l te sts were co ndu cted in priYate.

The team tests were excell ent ly staged hut it seemed as though the women's tests were too crowded, and the work, therefore, 'Nas somc\" h at crampe d a l t h oug h "ery goo d.

Th e teams co mp etin g were :-

lV[ EN. - Suffolk 15, North Ridin g of Y orksh ir e 9, P e r t lls hir e 17, CounLy of London 29, a nd Staffords hir e 5.

WOMEN.-Northulllbcrland 22, Kent 9{ County of London 46, Dumbarlon 18, vV arwicks hir e 44, Edinburgh R, Flintshire 6, and I s le of Wight 100.

The team tests were :-

i\ [ EN'S TEST.-A team is on the way to altend a competition at "Extown" and is changing trains at "vVyehury Jun ct ion" (about 30 miles from t h e ir deslination). Extown is a tow n of consi d erah l e size, whil e Wyebury Jun ct o n is a small vi ll age without a h osp ita l, being very little more than a railway junclion.

As the ExLown races are o n, the tra in is lik e y to be crowded and an extra coach is to he put on at vVyebury. Ju st as the team enters the station h e train \\'h ich is to take them to t h eir destination backs in to couple up with the extra coach, the front compartment of "which is a lr eady occupied by two men. Owing to an error of judgment this trai n crashes into the extra coach and sp lint er the front compartment, injuring the occupants an d pinnin g them und er the wreckage. One man has a fractured thigh, a nd the other's neck is cut seve r ely.

Wyebury Jun ctio n i s a sma ll station and in t h e Station 1aster's Office is a stretcher and a box of dressings.

Th e tean"} is a ll owed t ,,'enty minutes in \\'hi ch to adm ini ster First Aiel.

W O!lrEN'S T EST.- On a stormy afternoon a lady and two yachLsmen are try in o to embark from the beach in a dinghy and go off to a yacht moored a shari distance o ut.

The boat caps izes a nd the a d y i s seen in the ,,"ater and sc r amb l es ashore uninjured. One man is s itt in g on the b each co mpl ai nin g of his l eg (simple fracture, left femur). The ot h er is und er the upturned boat, and is unconscious a nd h as a fractured right forearm.

N ear by is the men's cottage .

Th ere i a Fir Aid tent on the beach.

Th e team is allowed h a lf a n h o ur in which to administer First A id a nd Home Nul' in g

At 2.45 p l11. H er Ro ya l Highness the Pri ncess Mary, Countess of H a r e wood (Commandant-in-Chief), ar ri ve d , a nd wa s received by D a m e B eryl Oli ver. Th e assembly were a l so honour e d by the pr ese n ce of Th eir Ro yal Hi g hn esses Prin cess

H e le n Vi ctoria an d Prin cess BeaLrice.

H e r Ro ya l Hi g hn ess t h e Princess I a r )', two m e n' s team at w or k (Suffolk 15 a nd Staffordshire 5), and two women's teams (Flintshire 6 a nd Isle of v\li ght 100), after whi c h, before p arta kin g of tea, President, County Director s and County Secrelaries were pl-esente d to JI e r R oya Highness.

A fl e r th e illt e n 'a H e r Ro ya l Hi gh n ess pr cs l(.1cd 0 \ '('1'

:\[ e n.

2. \Varwi c kshir e 4{

P1in ls hire 6 758

1. CounL" of Lond on 29 71 ()

2. Su ITo] I.;: 15 715

3. of Y orkshire 9

Her Royal IIighn ess then prC'scnted the shields and medals to the rc spccL i\'e winners.

Sir Arthur Slanley proposeu a \ ote of thanks to Her Royal Highne ss for presenting the prizes and also to the other members of Ro yalty \\'ho had so honoured the assembly with theil' presence. The teams in competition were, he said, the pick of 25,000 members, and he \\"as pleased that Yorkshire, Her Roy al Highness's had secure d third place. He also expressed appreciation to the iudge s and officials who had made the clay such it SLlcceSS Her Royal Highness replied as follo\\'", :(( I thank you \'ery Illuch indeed for your I hank<;. watched with great interest the \' arioLis teams, and take this opporLunity to say how pleased I am tl) sec so lllallY rcpr ese ntatin' s presenl."

The Father of Surgery.

HI PPOCRATES, whom in our issue of November 1929 we sa lu ted as the Father of :\ledicine, was also the Father of Surgery; and it is doubtful if his surgery was impro ved upon until the eighteentb century, except in small ways.

He practised extension and counter-extension, and insisted on exact co - aptation of fractured bones. His splints and bandages left nothing to be desired. In compound fractures he resected tbe ends of bones, and the trepan was used for depressed bone in skulls.

He opened abscesses of the Ii \Ter and Paracentesis was performed in the tboraclc canty and abdomen The rectum was examined by a speculum, fistula in ano was treated by the ligature, and piles were operated on. The bladder was explored by the sound for the detection of calculus; o'ano'renous limb s were amputated. Bones were b b resected at the joints.

B y his use of tar water he came very near antiseptic system in the treatment of wounds. HIS treatm ent of dislocations and fractures was wonderful and will be found in his treatise on Fractures and on the Articulations. In club-foot he was twent y centuries ahead of his professi?n ..

'\iVhen all tbis is considered, whIch IS only a small part of his practice, it will not be wondered at that bc is considered onc of the greatest masters that ever lived

E.\JIL VO:\' BEIIRL\'G. plarch 13th, 31st, 1917.)

Our Nurses Pages.

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SISTER.

1 DISTRTCT, S.JA.B.-The Northampton Polytechnic Institute wa the scene of the District Final Compet iti ons which were held on Saturday, April 26th. There were three t.rophies to be comp e ted for by the Nursing Divisions-the l\1acfadden Challenge Cup (for FIrst AId and Home ursing), the 1\1ountg-arret Challena'e Cup (for bedmaking) and the Brooks Efficiency Cup (a lIew trophy for drill and stretcher work).

The result " "e re as follows:-

Macfadden Cup.- l , Craigs Court House 2, PosL Office; 3, East Croydon; 4, Ilford.

Mountgarret Cup.- l, Temple; 2, Craigs Court House; 3, Tottenham; 4) East Croydon; 5, LeytonsLone.

Brooks Efficiency Cup.-l, Temple; 2, Toynbee Hall.

Seven teams competed in the lauer competition.

In the first competition the judges were County Surgeon Dr. G. 1\1. Stoker (team test), Lady Dist. Officer Mis.s Twiss, O.B.E., and Lady Corps Officer Miss Sparks (ul1lforms). In the second, Lady Dist. Officer l\lrs. and Lady Supt. Miss Law, 1\I.B.E. (team test), and Lady Dist. Officer l\Iiss Twiss, O.B.E., and Lady Corps Officer Miss Sparks (uniforms). In the third, DISt. Officer C J Fitch and Lady Dist. Officer Miss 'Walker (team test) and Lady Mountgarret) O.B.E., and Lady Corps Officer Miss Grindley (uniforms).

l\Irs. Lancelot Dent, A.RRC, Dame of Justice, and Lady Supt.-in-Chief of the Brigade Overseas, kindly presented the awards, and also the ursing Bowl to Amb. SIster L. Thompson, -o. 10 K ursing Division and the McRae Cup for Ca?ets won by (CN.8) last two trophIes ha V111g been competed for just preVIOusly.

N.o 2 S.J:i\.B.-At Weston-super-Mare, the Dlstnct F111al CompetItIOns were held on April 26th. B.ournemouth (last year's winners of the Perrott Shield) ,\ ere awarded first place wlth 36n marks Chesham beinO' second with 3l8t and Weston-super-Mare third with 222}.

There were two trophies to be competed for one by Capt. L. Whittaker, of Frome, to best 111 the District-which .was therefore won by the other be111g glven by the Tidman famIly of Weston-super-Mare, in memory of Mrs. Tidman, for the best team from Somerset. This went to Vi estonsuper-Mare

No DISTRICT, S.JA.B.-Five teams from this Distnct, whIch embraces Cumberland, Ulverston and Lancaster, entered for the District Competitions which were held at Carhsle on Saturday, April 12th. They were out to W111 the Coll111son Cup, which goes to the best all-round and. the Edith Cup awarded for the hi ghest k.s hy an ll1dlVldual competitor for effic iency 111. First Aid and Home Nursing. Dr. Lamberton and MISS eysiTIlth, Sister tutor at the Cumberland Infirmary Judged the individual tests, and Dr. Willan the work.

The teal}! test consisted in rendering First Aid at an aCCldent which occurred in the huntin g field one rid er been thrown and having sustained e;tensive inJunes. At the close of the tests, Dist. Officer Dr. Norman announced the r esu lts as follows :-Kendal and Ca rh sle teams, both 204 marks out of a possible 300;

Egremont, 197; Keswick, 18-1-; and Cockermouth, 172. The individual award was gained by Miss Elsie Watt, of Carlisle.

The cups were presented by the Mayor, Kendal and Car lisl e each to hold the Collinson Cup for six month s of the year.

O. 5 DISTRICT, S.JA.E.-The competltlon for the Birkbeck Bowl and for the right to represent the District in the Brigade Finals was held at Nottingham University College 011 Saturday, April 12th. Seven teams entered the judges being Dr. la Touche Darley (Mansfield house), Miss Rose (Matron, Bagthorpe Infirmary), Dr. Goodwin (Nottingham), and Miss Gamic (Matron, Mansfield Hospital).

Tests were o'iven in individual practical and oral First Aid and Home Nursing, bedmakinR and team work. The. team test was so realistically staged by Major H. W. Spalght, Corps Surgeon and Superintendent, Nottingham Corps, that some of t h e competitors appeared to be thoroughly surprised. The members of each team were to take tea in a wayside cottage. While so occupled, a motor smash occurred quite near, and they rushed to the scene of the accident to do wllat they could for the woman who was injured. Having rendered First Aid, they had to take her to the cottage and put her to bed. A drunken man entered on the scene and tried to force his way into the house. The waitress also made herself a nuisance by shrieking every time the man moved but he was finally disposed of by summoning a policeman: and the work proceeded.

The trophy was won by Ripon with 212i marks out of a possible 244. Denaby Main was awarded second place with 19,5 marks, Nottingham City third with 101, and Leeds VIctona fourth with 183. The other teams competing were from Wombwell, Spalding and Batley. Mrs. Charles Birkin, Lady of Grace of the Order of St. John of Jertlsalem, and vice-President of the NottinO'ham Division, kindly presented the Bowl to the and congratulated them on their excellent performance.

B.R.C:S. COMPETITION AT NORWICIL-Lady Ballance (vlce-Pre.sldent, Norwich Division) presided at the Annual of the Norwich Division of the Society, which at Norwich May In the women.s sectlOn, tests were given 111 bedmakll1g, roller bandag1l1g and Home Nursing (oral), while marks were also allotted for smartness of uniform.

The five teams who entered were placed in the following order:-

1, V.A.D. 128 ; 2, V.A.D. 64; 3, V.A.D. 62; 4, V.A.D. 66; 5, V.A.D. 114. Thus, V.A D. 128 retains t h e Colman Cup for .another year, although V.A.D. 64 ran them very close, bell1g only two points behind. The Cup was preby L ady Ballance who, while congratulating the Wll1nll1g team, offered h er sympathy to those who had bidding them try again next year. She exp res sed the deltg?t of all at the presence of Mrs. Colman, their vicePreSIdent. It was g r atifying to know that she st.i ll t.ook a keen interest in the work of the Society over which she had so long and ably presided.

Votes of thanks were passed to the judges and to all those who had he lped with the arrangements, as we ll as to Lady Ballance for presiding.

May, 1930. FIRST

OXFORD B.RC.S. COMPETITlON.-The Annual Competition for the J ersey Cup and the Cartwright Shield took place the Town Hall, Oxford, on Saturday, April 12th. The Judges were Dr. Bailey and Dr. Beattie and tests were given in the application of and admin.istrat.ion of medicine, in bandaging, bedmaking and artlfi.clal while oral examinations were given in FIrst AId and Home Nursing.

Teams entered from detachments from Oxford Souldern and Witney, and at the end of the it was announced that the Jersey Cup had been won by Oxford and the Cartvvright Shield by Souldern. The trophies were presented to the winners by Lady Evelyn Mason, who occupied the chair.

Among those who attended were Lady Furley (Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St. John), Dr. Audland (County Commissioner, S JA.B.), and Dr. F. G. Gardner.

While thanking the examiners for their services that afternoon, Dr. Gardner said how pleased he was to see members of what he might call the senior sister service there. Two of them had indeed been most helpful, Mr. Hinds who had acted as timekeeper, and Mr. Chesterman who had coached the Red Cross in First Aid in times past. He wished Lo stress the fact thaL t.he B.RCS., although originally a war organisation, had all kinds of work to do in peace time. In the blood transfusion department they needed more volunteers. All healthy people up to the age of 45 were eligible

Both judges expressed their satisfaction at the high standard of work displayed by the competitors, but Dr. Bailey remarked that the artificial re piration tests were not as well done as the oral ones.

In reply to a vote of thanks to her for attending and presenting the awards, Lady Evelyn Mason emphasised the need for more mobile detachments. In this respect, Oxfordshire was behind many counties of the same size.

S ,\LOP ,\ D 1\IONTCG::IIERY V.A .D C01fPETITION AND I I SPECTION -Wem Red Cross Detachment succeeded in winning' the President's Silver Challenge Cup at the annua l Inter-County Competition for V.A.D.'s of Shropshire and Montgomeryshire , which was held at Shrewsbury on April 26th. Shropshire wa represented by 10 detachments-Shrewsbury (S.JA.B.), Macleley (S.JA.B.), Iron-Bridge (S.JA.B.), Shrewsbury (B.RCS.) \Vem (B.RCS.), Whitchurch (B.RC.S.), Ludlow (B.RCS.), Church SU"ettol1 (S.JA.B.), Ellesmere (B.RCS.) and Worfield (S.JA.B.)-and Montgomeryshire by fourChurchstoke, Llanfcchain, Newtovv n and Welshpool (all B.RCS.).

Dame Beryl Oliver, who judged the competition, complimented the winners on their success and paid a t ribut e to the keennes of the other detachments.

After the competition, Col. J F. Martin, Western Command, Chester, carried out an inspection of the detachments present, both men's and women's. There were nearly 2-1-0 members on parade, and the inspecting officer complimented them on tlleir smart appearance and the keenness and interest shown in their work Among those present were Lady Harlech, President for Shropsllire, Mrs Price Davies, President for Montgomeryshire, Mr. W. Swire, County Controller for Shropshire, Dr. F. Watson, County Controller for Montgomeryshire, and members of the County Committee.

V.A.D. INSPECTIONS.-BOGNOR REGIs - On behalf of the War Office, Col. Macdonald carried out an inspection of this V.A.D. at the Picturedrome Hall on May 7th. There were 32 members present from Bognor Regis and 10 from Chichester. Others attending included Brig -Gen. Gore Ainley (County Controller) and Miss Guy Constable (District Secretary).

A I D 297

Following the inspection a demonstration of practical work was. given. that an explosion had occun:ed 111 the C111ema through the bursting of buIld111g catchl11g fire at the same time. V1CtllllS had to be rescued and treated for injury caused by flames or by being crushed in the rush to escape, while some :vere found to have been gassed as a result of the explOSIOn.

Col. Macdonald congratulated the detachment on its efficiency, as also did Brig.-Gen. Gore Ainley.

DURHAM V.A.D. l2.-The annual War Office inspectl?n was carried out by l\Iajor McKinnon, RA.M.C., of ewcastle, at the vVearmouth Cricket Ground on May Ith. The parade was under the command of Commandant 1\.1:s. W. A. Ellis, Lady Chaytor, of Witton Castle, also he1l1g present.

At tIle close of the inspection, fajor McKinnon stated t hat he was quite satisfied with the efficiency displayed.

NEW Dn IsIoNS -AlI Brigade people are pleased to hear of the formation of new Divisions. It shows that t he Ambulance movement has been appreciated, and that among a number of people of the same district the need for becoming efficient in First Aid has made itself felt.

At Handsworth, Sheffi el d) the Rector, the Rey. \V. A. Baker, presided at a meeting held on Monday, April 1-1-th, when a new Nursing Division of the S.JA.B. was formed. Ele: en Vv ere enrolled, and five others expressed theIr v"11l1l1gness to be transferred from the Herley DiviIon.

For some time past it has been felt that a N ursin a' Division should be formed at Finchley. There is a men's Division in the district but no Kursing Di'\,isio; A public meeting was called, therefore, to consider the matter. 1\Ir. W. S. l\.Iurphy, Principal of the Finchley Evening Institute, took the chair, and was supported by Supt. J Standing ford, Lady Dist. Officer Miss Hoare, and Lady Amb. Officer Miss Baxter.

The Chairman said that for a number of years classes had been held in First Aid and Home Nursing at the Evening Institute. It had always been a matter of regret that there was no Division to which members of these class es could be passed on in order that they might keep up and make use of their knowledge. This year it had been suggested that a Division be formed.

1\1r. Standingford said that ambulance work was the greatest voluntary work in the country, entailing a tremendous amount of self-sacrifice. Ambulance Sisters were of great assistance in the various hospitals at which they gave their services. Although the ho pital at Finchley was a small one it would grow, and he thought that the staff would be pleased to avail themselves of any hcIp a Jursing Divi ion could gi,'e them.

Lady Dist. Officcr 1\Iiss Hoare pointed out that there was a fund which helped members to procure uniform. She was sure that) were a Di"ision to be formed, it would meet with support.

A vote of thanks was proposed to 1\11'. Murphy for presiding and to Lady Dist. Officer l\Iiss Hoare for attending. In reply, 1\11'. Murphy said that he hoped they would soon have a ursing Division as the outcome of that meeting. The Evening Institute would be only too pleased to help in any \\ray possible.

Quite a number of ladies present gave in their names a prospective mcmbers.

I tems (Di\ isional news compe tit ion o 1" cial, interesting dUlies, lect U' es, etc.), for this page shoo ld be sent to Ambulance 5 s:er, cia The FI.\<!>T AlP! 46, C!lnnop S "! L( ndop, E.C.4·

Queries and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt witb under tbe following rules:-

I. -Letters containing Queries must be rrarked on tbe top left hand corner of tbe envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 46, Cannon·street, London, E. C.4.

2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the Journal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The Textbook, to which reference may be made in tbese columns is the 38th tr9z8) Edition of S J.A.A. Manual of First Aid.

SCOPE OF DLTT!ES.

K.K. (Crick le\\'ood).-May I ask if an N.C.O. in charge of <t Brigade Am bulance Station is allowed to incise a n. septic finger?

Vlhen on duty recently, J \"as asked to ook at n septic finger. You mny imagine my surprise when, having expressed the opinion that it seemed to me to be n case for treatment hy a doctor, I was told thnt it hnd heen incised that morning by the N.C.O. in charge of the Stal ion.

Emphatically no! One of the primary objects of the Brigade (Regulations, par. 2) is "to rendernrst aid to s ick nnd injured" which (Textbook p. ii) enables c, trained persons to afford skilled assistance in cases of accidents and sudden illness." As a septic finger does not fall within this range, the N. C. O. was guilty of l\leddle. ome First Aid if he did incise the finger and \"ould ha\'e had no cause for COlllplaint if you had r e ported him. Had you done so, Brigade nuthorities would ha\'e labelled him as un worthy of trust nnd acted accordingly.-N. CORBET FLETClTER.

EXAMINATION HOWLER.

L. R. (Charlton Park).-I n a recent examinat ion a candidate was asked to state what Rabies was and how it should be treated. He electrified those within hearing when he replied: cc Rabies is a class oj J e'Z(1 /slt parsons 7C1lw an' to be trf'aied 'with 1'{'spect. "

Very good! Next, please!!- .C.F.

TREATMENT OF POISONING.

G. T. (WaUord). - Does the T extbook mean (1) that in treatment of Poisoning we should give an emetic in all cases except wl:en the mouth and lips are stained, and

(2) that the Special Treatment of certain poisons shou ld be gi\'en in place of the General treatment. We shall appreciate your replies to these two questions.

(1) Yes-the instructions are most emphatic on this pOint and cover all cases of Non-Corrosive Poisonino' although, of course, the emetic is on ly given if patient conscious and able to swallow

(2) General Rules of Treatment apply to all cases of POisoning; and the Special Treatment of certain poisons i s additional thereto, as the Textbook very clearly tenches.-N.C.F.

BY PRUSSIC ACID.

J. C. we have applied the Special trentment hud down In Texthook (I'. 177) for Poisonino' hy Prussic Acid, does the reference (No.4) to mean thnt we arc to give nn eillet ic, s in ce Prussic

A I D. May, 1930.

.\cid is not included among the Corrosi\'e Poisons?

Ple ase advise

Prussic Acid (so ca lled because it was fir:;t obtain ed from Prussian Blue) is not a Corrosi\'e, but a powerful ncn'c poison which rapidly causes paralysis of n rves, of Brain cells (including the Centres which contro l heart and respiration), and of the heart muscle.

Much depends on the potency of the so lution which may ,·aryenormously. An emetic shou ld be gi"en at the earlicst possible moment pro\'ided patient is conscious and able to swallow In cases, 1":owe\,cr, in which a potent dose of Prussic Acid has been taken, insensibility comes on so quickly that there is no time to prepare nnd administer an emetic; and for this r'enson in treatment of Prussic Acid Poisoning the Textl100k instructs you" to npply artificial respiration, e\'en if hreathing has not censed."-K .C.F.

HUi\lOUR IN COi\lPETITION.

S.D. (Brocldey). - Not long ago in an Individual Te st I set an imaginary test in which the patient was stated to be 79 years of age. I was consequently amused, and at the same time surpr ised, when one candidate inform ed me thM he would send a tacful message to the patient' s mother!

Good! Text, plcnse ! !- N.C.F.

COi\[PLlC'ATED FRACTurm OP Rms.

J. P. (Dovvlrtis}.-In a recent competit ion the captain of OLlr team had to treat a man supposed to he surfering from Complicated Fracture of Ribs, and said that he would not use smelling sails, as he thought that the instru ction on p. 66 (Rule 3) might be an oversight. Th e iudge decided otherwise

Please tell us n-hich was correct, and accept OLlr thanks for the many helpful answers given in your columns of FIRST Am.

The instruction of Rule 3, p. 66, cannot possibly be regarded as "an overight," and indeed they c lear up the \'agueness of the last four lines at foot of p. 6{ So no fault can be fOLlnd with the judge whose decision is flna1.-N.C.F.

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

A.C. (Bradley).-With reference to the query on Artincial Respiration by J.H. (Dewsbury) published in March issue of FIRST Am, you say you would try a modification of Ho\ovard's assisted by Labord's Method.

That is a ll very well for you; but what should a fir st year man do, seeing that he is not taught the se methods.

Your anxiety for the Iirst year man is not justined, for he, at least, will not have forgotten his Qun.liflcations as n First Aider. Further, he will recognise that there arc some emergencies which he cannot hope to tackle successfully.N.C.F.

FRACTURES OF CLA\'ICLE AND RIBS.

F. W. (Putney).-At a recent practice difference of opinIOn arose with reference to u se of the body bandage when Fracture of Clavicle is complicated by Simple Fracture of Ribs of same side.

The member who did the job s upport ed the ribs with the two broad bandages in the ordinary way and treated the. clavicle with pad in axilla and St. John Sling. He omitted the body bandage because h e fe<tred that he might cause further injury to the ribs and mnintained that he had supported both injuries. Others did not agree. So we turn to you for a ruling in grateful antic ipation of the h elp which you always give u s Fmnkly, I do !lot like the oillission of the hody handage

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without which the arm would not act as a lever and the broken clavicle would not be supported.

If you had ever suffered from Fract ure of yo u would appreciate the comfort wluch results from dnvll1g your elbows into yoUl- ribs .vhen you walked. Further, double treatment sen'es a useful two-fold purpo e because It gives increased support to the ribs an? directs immediate attention to the presence of a doubl e 1I1Jury.

So support the Fractured Rib s with two bandages, .and then complete the ordil1ary treatment for Fra ct ured ClaVIcle. -N.C.F.

SIGNS OF INSENSIBILITY.

F. J. (Widnes).-Please be good eno ugh La answer these questions about vhich we are in doubt. (1) Can a man be unconscious and yet only be in a state of Stupor?

(2) Are the eyes a lw ays fixed in Apoplexy r (3) In what conditions are a patient's eyes com pletely fixed, and insensible to touch and light?

(1) In Stupor patient would be more or less unconscious.

(2) Everything depends on the stage of Apoplexy. In the earliest stages the pupils would prob ab ly react; and in the latter stages they would not because the pressure within the skull would interfere with and subsequenUy paralyse the Brain Centres.

(3) In Coma fro111 \yhat soever cause when the Brain Centres wou ld be more or les s completely para lysed.-N C. F

TABLETS IN BRIGADE EQUIPlIlENT

]. S. (East London).-Often when on Public Duty and called to cases of Poi son ing, the relluired emet ic and antidote are not at hand. If he should be called to administer an emetic in crowded theatre or cinema, the h a rassed Brigade member is liklely to be pushed on to his patient by the ogling inqui sit iv e c rowd which always seem to consist only of idiot s inc apab le of und erstan ding instructions and which is a lw ays ready to accuse the Brigade man of being in efficient.

I, therefore, suggest that Brigade Headquarters should supply tablets containing the proper doses of emetics a nd antidotes and allow us to carry them in our pouches.

Your opening statement is interesting, because in my experience cases of Poisoning are extremely rare and more likely to occur in the pri\ acy of the home than in crowded public places such as theatre o r c inem a If, howe ver, you do experience difficulty in controlling a crowd and the specific instructions of the Textbook (p. 1-1-, la st paragraph) fail to assist you so that you are liable to be unjustly regarded by the crowd as inefficient, then, failing an emetic, fill your patient's stomac h 'vvith water, tick le hi s throat, and then stand on one side to see how yuickly your inquisitive crowd \vill scatte r.-N. C. F.

TREATlIlEN T OF FRACTURED BASE.

G H. (Verdun, Canada).-During a recent competition we had to treat a man supposed to be suffering from Fractured Base of Skull with marked signs of Concussion. We are in doubt as to we s hould app ly co ld to the head as spec ified under Special Treatment (p. 161).

As the point has occasioned considerable discussion among our fellows without any sat sfact ion, we subm it it to you.

You place your Enger on a weak spot in the Textbook, which in Rule 2, p. 161, seems to suggest co ld applications for C;oncussion and Compression. Of course, the Rule on ly a pphes to the latter condition, in which cold, by constricting the superficial blood vessels, will ref1ex ly constrict the the vesse ls within the skull and so dimi s h t h e pressure within

h e sk ull. With Concussion, however, the externa l app licati o n of co ld s h ou ld be avo id e d , because for t h e reason just g iven it will obvious ly aggravate thi s condit ion. _ N.C.F.

SIGNS AND SYlIl PTOl\lS OF STR J\lNS.

S. N. (Croydon). - In a recent practice I was asked the Sign s and Symptoms of Strains of Muscles, and I describ ed those of Hernia (Textbook p. 125). A t hough I was corrected, I st ill mai nLain that I was right, a nd I ask yo ur ruling.

You were right only in so far as Lhe l11uscle of the abdominal wa 1lmu st have been stra ined in order that protrusion of bowel ( h ernia) could have taken place. You were wrong in that the Textbook (p. 8-+, la st parag raph) specifically tell s you that a hernia, which is often called strain in groin, is an "injury of a totally differe nt nature. "-N. C. F.

C01\'TROL OF POPLlT EAL ARTERY.

T. O. (l\I a nchester).-If w e ha\'e to arrest h<:cmorrhage from Popliteal Artery, are we to flex limb and apply pad behind knee or must we go to Femoral Artery for control of th e ble e ding? Vi e thank you for your valuable advice on previous occasions and ask your ruling on this point.

The Textbook by its si lence now ad\ ises aga inst routine contro l of hcelTlOrrhage by flexion of the limb s. It g ive s no instructions for co ntrol of Popliteal Artery in this way; and consequently for its control you must apply pressure (by thumbs or tourniquet) on Femoral Artery. I confess that I am not in sympathy with this a lte ra t ion in the Textbook.-

K.C.F.

WOU l\'D OF ABDOllIEN WITI- H MMORRIIAGE.

J. B. (Beigbton).-What would be the correct treatment for a knife thrust ca usin g a horizontal penetrating wound of abdomen and bl eedin g from an internal organ?

This problem cropped up in class recently and caused Inuch perplexity, because it was argued that the treatrl1ent for these conditions clashed. We, therefore, await your decision with interest

Tbe Abd0111.inal Wound, being due to a knife, would be n eg li gible in size and not markedly affected by the position of patient's low e r limbs The Bleeding from an Internal Organ, how ever, would be ser iou s and call for priority in treatment. So your lill e of aclion c le ar ly is to concentratc on the latter at all costs - C . F.

USE OF BORACIC LINT.

W. W (Camberwell).-Please settle a friend ly argument by te lli ng nl e which is tbe correct :;i de of Boracic lint to place on the wound.

Doctors differ on this point. COlUmonsense, how e\ er, seems to suggest that the slUoot h side of the lint s hould be applied to a wound.-N.C.F

CAUSr:;S AND THEIR EFFECTS

W. P. (Cardiff).-Recently I was asked in competltLOn"What conclusions wou ld you draw from a known cause?" As I am absolutely puzzled, I appea to you for the correct answer.

Look up your Textbook and turn to p. 13 where you will find Lhe correct answer under" Cause or Causes "-N.C.F

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WOMBWELL Annual AaJbulance Competition will be held on June 28lh, in the King's Road Scho')ls, Womb well, when the "Elliott" Memorial Cup, valued 60 guineas, will be com peted for. A Cup will also be given for the best Ind ivid ual. Valuable prizes wi ll be given for the best ind ivi dual Tests. All applications and Entry Forms may be had from the Secretary, Mr. G Askew, 100, Hough Lane, Wombwell, near Barnsley

A 1\1BULANCE Competition for the "Godfrey Brooks" Challenge Sh e ld will be h e ld at the Mineworkers' Welfare In st itute, PonL efract, on Saturday, JLlne 7th, 1930. An up-to-date competit ion with valuable prizes and experienced judg es Proceeds to charities. Schedules and all particulars of G. Brooks, h on secretary, Thorny"ille, 30, Halfpenn y -lane, Pontefract, Yorks.

BR ADFORD HOSPITAL A D CONVALESCENT FUND.-35th Garden Party and Carnival, will be held in Li ste r Park, Manning-ham, Bradford, on Saturday, Jul y 19th, 1930. Ambulance com petition, open to a ll England, cntrance fee -+ s per team; Indi vi du a l ursing Competition, open only to members of ursing Divisions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, No. -I- and 5 Districts, entrance fee i s 6d. All entries to be made to 1\11'. Jam es Bateman, hon. secretary, 382, Barkerend-road, Bradford :0100r, Bradford Entries close Friday, Jul y 11th, 1930 (Saturday morning's post will be accepted)

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DEl\10NSTRATIO AND C.\'RNIVAL.Am bulance com petition for the "Dempster" Ambu lance Shield will take place on Saturday, July 12th. First thrce prizes to the va lu e of £10; if more than 20 teams, four prizes. Thr ee special prizes will be a warded to the individual competitor gaining the highest number of marks outside the prizewinning teams. Entries close July 9th Open to a ll teams, Association or Brigade. Entry forms on application to H. VV. Fox, 36, Victoria-avenue, Elland, Yorks N.B.-The Elland Brigade will not compete.

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We are in no way responsible for the opinions expressed, or the statements made, by Correspondents.-EDITOR.

PROMOTION II\" THE BRIGADE.

DE,\R SIR,-

Haying rcad with considerable interest the numerous letters re promotion in the Brigade, I would like to show how the Headquarters Staff of the New South "Vales District overcame this difficulty.

By order of the then Acting Commissioner in 1926, a School of Instruction for Non-Commis ioned Officers was formed, and since then no promotions to the rank of sergeant, corporal or lance-corporal has been approved until after the man has attended and passed the qualifying examination at the school.

The classes of instruction are held once a ""eek and are continuous, thus allowing a man to commence period. at any

No definite time is set down to pass this examination, this depending upon a man's ability, and as military training \\'as compulsory quite recently, many men already had a knowledge of the drill, though not always of the Army Corps.

The pupils are trained to gi\'e commands correct ly , and in addition to being able to execute the mo\ 'e ments, give all details in connection \"ith same.

Corporals and lance-corporals are required to kno"" squad and hand seat drill.

Sergeants, in addition to the abovc, company drill with stretchers, both shoulder and sling carrying

The prosp ect i\'e N. C. O,'s to undergo this training are se lected by the Superintendents of the respective Divisions as required.

As positions for officers become \'ucant, candidates from the N.C. O. ranks are selected to qualify. This rule also stimulates the officers of the Divisions to greater efforts.

..-\s instructor and officer in charge of this school since its inception, I can vouch for the success of this scheme.

Yours faithfully, FRANCIS G, TRUE, Sydney, N.S. W. District SergL-l\Iajor.

A.RTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

DEr\R SIR,-

It is evidently high time that the British Government fulfilled its promise to hold the Fourth International Congress on First Aid in England.

Opinions on Artificial Respiration at the last Congress in 1926 in Dr. van der Stempel's own city, were by no means so strongly in fa\'our of Sih'este r as his letter suggests.

True enough, Dr. O. Bruns whom he appears to quote as a great champion of Sih'este r, asserted when he spoke in Amsterdam, that Schafer's l\Iethod was not all that could be desired as regards inspiration; but in speaking of Silvester's Method, he said that it was quite unsuitable in either stout or elderly people.

Again, Prof. Jellinek was not the staunch advocate of that Dr. Stcmpel's letter suggests, for he personally supported me in debate when I \vas advocating Schafer's Method for the prompt first aid so necessary for firemen.

l\Iethou will eventually spreadlo the Continent, cspectally if we include the modifications of Schafer so fre(luentJyadvocated in your "aluable paper.-Yours faithfully, GILBERT BURNET, 1\1. B. Ch. B. Surg'i!o n, "Vational J<i?'e Bllgade Association. Hemel Hem pstead. 27 / 4 30.

lWe thank Dr. Gilbert Burnet for his l etter; and we remernber that he was one of the British delegates represent_ ing the Fire Brigade at the Third International Congress on First Aid held in Amsterdam in 1926,-EDlTOR.]

DEAR SIR,-

In the April number of FIRST Am I have read with great interest the letter from. Dr. van der Stempel, Amsterdam, about " r\rtificial Respiration." I should be glad if you would tell your readers that in Denmark a lso the Schafer method is reckoned as the best, and that it is almost th e only one used and taught by the Red Cross First Aid courses

I beg to draw your attention to the fact that the same interesti ng matter ha s been recently discussed in our FirstAid journal, Tlze Salllarifen, by the two cap"'sities, Generalartz, Obermedicinalrat Dr. R eisc hauer, Breslau, Germany, and the Danish Life-Saving Expert, Lieutenant-Colon el Holger Neilsen, Copenhagen . Under separate co\'e r I fon\'!'l.1'd the two copies of Tlte Sama?'ifen, in which you will find this discussion. I feel s ure that if you may get t h ese translated into English you will find som,ething' of interest to you and your readers therein,

With best compliments, I remain, dear Sir, Yours faithful! y, Copenhagen, 19 4/ 30

K. BOTIINER, Editor ot Tlte Sama1'lif!?t.

[vVe are grateful to 1\lr. Bod1l1er both for hi s kind and courteous letter and a lso for his permission to publish the articles which have recently appeared in Tlte Samar/fen. The first of thesc will be found on anot h er page of this issue, and the second will appear next month. To us it appears that Holland and Germany are the c hief supporters of the Sih'ester as aga inst the Schafer 1\lethod,-EDlTOR.J

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-wilh special reference to good and bad points in Treatment -fo r inclusion in this Column.

EFFICIENCY IN FIRST AID.

While riding in a ladies' steep lechase at Billington, Ilear Leighton Bussard, one of the riders was thrown fr0111 h er horse and broke her collarbone

First aid was so well by a pol iceman on the course that the doctor, \\'ho was call ed, found it unnece ssary to interfere with the treatment giyen an d merely a d vised removal of patient to her home.-M B.-Leighton.

DEATII FROM ASPHYXIA.

A Southern Railw ay guard was found dead in hi s brak e van; and there was apparently no cause, because he was a strong and healthy middle-aged man.

At the inquest the doctor said that a post mortem examinat ion showed that death was due to Asphyxia and surmised tl18.t the must have had a fit of coughing which caused partly digested food to enter the air tubes.A. R.-Waterloo.

PROMPT AND RESO URCEFUL ACTION.

An old man foolishly jumped on the track at Haydollsroad Railway Station, s lipped and fell in front of an approaching train.

vVithout any he s itation Stanley Fordon jumped at once to the rescue, and pushed the old man between the wheels of the train, shout ing to him to lie quite flat and still. The train passed safely over rescuer and rescued, although the old man had to be taken to hospital for treatment of a scalp wound and an injury to his .A.-Haydo n s -road

A TEST OF YADIL ANTISEPTIO IN FIRST AID

There is a large engineering firm in the North of England employing several thousand men, and casualties are naturally numerous. The Am bulance Men had always used Iodine, and it was a struggle to overcome their prejudice, but eventually Yadil was tested against Iodine as a First Aid Dressing.

RETURNS WITH SEPSIS YADIL GAVE NONE

Yadil was adopted entirely and by rapid , clean healing cut the bandage rate dow n to one-third

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Mechanically, GERMOLENE is perfect, and its appearance and texture have gained it high encomiums from doctors and c.hemists. Milled to microscopic fineness the are held in a high-grade creamy base which spreads wIth ease, away with messiness, and which, when massaged, SInks straIght into the skin pores. Bandages may be prepared with the absolute minimum of delay and trouble, and slight heat reduces the dressing to the consistency of cream.

The. will be delighted to send a generous gratIs trIal sample to members of the medical profession and to nurses and hospital officials who enclose their professional cards.

SOOTHES AT A TOUCH

A I D. May, 1930_

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CONTENT5 OF THIS NUMBER.

EDITORIAL-

The Joint Council

l\lethods of Artificial Re s piration

St. John Ambulance Brigade Finals

S. J. A. Brigade District Reports

The City of London Poli ce Reserve

5 ]. A. B'. O\'er s eas

Priory for \Vales

Prince of "Vales Collieries Ambulance Competition

Letters to the Editor

Railway Ambulance

Ambu ance Contests in Belfast

Yorkshire Collieries Ambulance League

Reviews

To Erect a. Monument to Henri Dunant

Our Nurses' Pages

Practical Points

OUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

"-' Fraclure of Forearm

Examination Howler

Fracture of Sternum

H Ul1lourS of Fi rst Aid

Promotion in Brigade

Fraclure Involving Elbow Joint

Fracture of Pelvis

Waste of Iodine

Humours of First Aid

Tes ts of Insensibility

Treatment of Burns

Plaint of Competitors

Treatment of ..-\poplexy

British Red Cross Branch News .'

The Lincoln and District Ambulance So c iety Record

EDITORIAL.

THE Joint Council of the Order

THE J OJ T of St. J oh n and the British Red COUNCIL. Cross Society has now completed ten years' service in developing such actlvltIes of the Order and the Society as could be more effectively carried out by joint action than by the separate efforts of each.

After the war the question whether the alliance between the Order and the Society, which had been so effective during the war, should be continued was much discussed, and many were in doubt as to its feasibility

The experience of the past ten years has shown, however, that the existence of such a link has a distinct value.

The Home Service Ambulance Committee IS but one branch of the Joint Council for the benefit of mankind. At the end of March, 1930, no less than 336 ambulances (including affiliated stations) were in usc, and the number of patients carried since the inauguration of the scheme being 873,247.

The Road Service, promoted by the Joint Council as an auxiliary to the Ambulance Service, is designed, by means of road-side first aid cabinets and dressi ng stations, and by week-end patrols by members of the Order and the Society, to minimise as far as possible the consequences of the ever-increasing number of traffic accidents. In this direction it is very pleasing to note the increasing tendency towards co-operation between units of the Order and the Society, which not only minimises the costs but increases the efficiency of the work.

Another outstanding effort of the Joint Council in recrard to the health of the civil population, b has been the Hospital Department. This department was organised by the late Sir I'\ apiof

Burnett, and, since his death, has been developed by Dr. Kay Menzies, now Chief Medical Officer of the London County Council, and later by Mr. R. H. P. Orde. A complete survey has been made of the work of the provincial hospitals and a Bureau of Hospital Information has been established. The Bureau has proved of the greatest value to those concerned with the administration of hospitals, both at home and abroad.

Methods of Artificial Respiration.'*'

SCHAFER FIRST AND FOREMOST.

THE Editor has done me the honour to ask from me a statement in connection with the objections contained in ,the March issue of Sa m ariten , and raised by Physician in-General Dr. Reischauer against the Schafer method. This wish I will gladly endeavour to meet and from the outset I wish to say in dealing with the matter I shall not take into account any of the older methodsHoward and Marshall Hall but I will confine myself to the last two discovered-Silvester and Schafer. Next, I must point out that as a layman I cannot undertake to deal with the question as to which is the more effectual method of artificial respiration, Silvester or Schafer.

To do so must fall to the lot of mem bers of the profession. For the time being we have claims In plenty on the part of the medical profession for and agai nst. The German doctors favour "Silvester," theEnglish doctors "Schafer" Method.

It must, however, not be forgotten that the English doctors have ever taken the initiative wherever artificial respiration is concerned; and for this reason they would hardly, except in the face of advantages which could not possibly be denied, have departed from an old and tried form (Silvester) to a new one But that exactly is what has happened III England, where The Life Savina has gone so far that the Silvester which after all for a long time was the one that did count, is no longer even discussed nor are its members instructed in its use.

D pon the separate objections which Dr. Reisurges against the Schafer Method, I shall wtlllllgly from the point of view of the layman throw some light.

" Not even a person in sound health can for any length oj time endure that position of the abdo-

* Translation ,of an article which wa s wl-itten by Lieut.C?loneI !iolg-er Neilsen, the ","pI I-known Dani s h expert in and publi s hed in the April issue of the D_a,l1Ish, Red Cros s Journal, The Sa marifen as a reply to the at tlc\e 111 the March number (see May is sue of FIRST AII)).

men in which Schafer operates, inasmuch as the respi ration is rendered d ifficu I t by reason of the weight of the upper part of the body." To this objcction I attach no great importance. One can see many people asleep in this position; and of course the person who is unconscious perceives nothing. On the other hand, it is the intake of ?reath which Schafter leaves to the body Itself to manage. ThIS, as far as the point of view the majority is concerned, surely spcaks for the Silvester method, inasmuch as the position involved by this method and the movements cause the, chest to become decidedly arched and thereby, as It must be assumed, a vigorous air-repletion of the lungs may be effected.

Scientific experiments which have taken pIece (amongst others at the hands of Prof. A. Keith of London) do indeed go to prove that the Schafer Method causes an influx and exodus of air to and frol:n the lungs larger than that which ma y be obtaIned by any of the other methods. Thi s is produced more pRrticularly by reason of the fact that with the Schafer Method the diaphraam is to b an appreciable extent brought into service during the process of expiration, inasmuch as it is pressed quietly but firmly against the lungs and forces them together, thereupon - when the pressure decreases and cea'3es - sinking and giving the lungs an opportunity to expand.

"The advantage.., claimed by the Schafer Method are well nigh all of a theoretical construction, but are found to be not at all practical." In respect of this contention no proof whatever can be produced. On the contrary, the advantages of this method-in preference to any of the others-are so self-evident and for this reason have come to be recognised in practical fashion here in Denmark in add ition to elsewhere.

(( The one rendering aid is not able to observe any changes, to which the face of the unconscious person may become subject." Th is again is not consistent with facts. One can and should now and, in the course of operations during the movements and without thereby disturbing the regularity of the movements, bend over a little to one side for the purpose of observing the face of the victim, more particularly so that one may see whether the tongue is well forward. But if in addition to the one rendering aid another person is prcsent, then such observation should be left to the latter.

, "To this must he added as the most important POlllt of all that with the position of the abdomen as involved by the Schafer Method the chest becomes pressed together also when the expirationpressure with the hands ceases, with the result that no appreciable developmen t of its resil ient powers becomes possible." In respect of this statement I can affirm that if after an expiration-movement there would as a matter of course be no appreciable

June, 1930. FIRST

indrawing of air into the lungs, then the question of would be quite precluded. But thIS IS not so. A powerful influx of air into the lungs does take place after the lungs have been forced together and, therefore, the method is one capable of bei ng employed to a considerable extent and many gratifying results can be traced to it.

• Let us now assume that the scientific world had reached agreement that the two methodsSilvester and Schafer- were of equal value in their efficacy. What then is the position as reaards the b mode of procedure 1I1 the case of the two methods when dealing with accidents of the nature that reall y do occur?

For a method of resuscitation to be really good, one must be able to demand of it that it rs capable of being undertaken by only person, that it is effective, that it may be acq ui red without difficulty, and that it does not involve a areater measure of fatigue than such as renders it to continue the prescribed movements for some length of time. Vife must then regard the matter as it actually exists; and we must bear in mind what is claimed from a person rendering first aid, when it is a case of attempting resuscitation. He has to act quickly, that is to say, to commence artificial respiration immediately and then to carry on "without intermission.

Confronted with these demands, the Silvester Method will assuredly be found wantin a , inasmuch h b as t IS must-as a result of the position of lying on the back-call for a number of preparations (taking off the coat, cleansing the mouth, pulling out and possibly also tying of the tongue) before the actual process of artificial respiration can be commenced. These will in all cases take some minutes. But often it is these first few minutes which decide the chances for or against a return of life. Further, it is one of the chief rules in connection with attempts at resuscitation, which no doctor in the world either can or will gainsay, that the sooner one is able to start artificial respiration the greater is the prospect of obtaining a good result. Here every second is, therefore, precious and in the case of Schafer's Method one is able to proceed at once. No preparations are necessary, except that one loosens anything tight around the neck or the waist (which must be done in every instance where it is a question of resuscitation). Even taking off the victim's external clothing is, strictly speaking, unnecessary, inasmuch as the hands can be passed underneath same. Where it is a case of a chest posture the tongue will as a rule of its own accord fall forward when the initial respiration movements are made and the water, which in the case of a drowning person has gathered in the hollow of the mouth and in the larger sub-divisions of the windpipe will he force out. Thus the Schafer Method is the one that may most speedily be put into operation.

A 1 D.

as to the task of producing artificial resplratlOn, the person who has endeavoured to out Silvester Method in really correct fashlOn, wIll appreciate that it is a matter of impossibility to continue the movement for any leno-th of time, for 15, let us say, but at the most for b 20 minutes. This will be comprehended when one bears in mind the nature of the movements and also that it is a case of bringing two heavy, 'inert arms away from the expiration pressu re against the breast outwards over the chest shaped as a large arch and upwards over the head of the victim until the el bows touch the ground and back again. Even a few minutes occupied as here indicated will be too much for most people. The plan often advocated with the Silvester Method that two people rendering first aid can effect the movements at the same time, one on either side, cannot be taken seriously and is not to be recommended, inasmuch as the movements involved in operations would not be uniform, but would become irregular, whereby theirefficacy would only beof nominal value. Rather than resort to this plan, the person rendering aid should endeavour to be relieved, that is, of course, if we assume that others are present. But such relief entails - even if only some little - interruption in the movements, which must on no account take place. As we now know that resuscitation operations should be continued for as long as four hours without a break, it will be patent to anyone that an enormous amount of work requires to be put in. Indeed it is so great that it is a foregone conclusion that attempts at resuscitation by this method "will be quite impossible to carry through unless there are several trained persons, who can constantly relieve each other.

"'\iVhere a matter of this kind is concerned, onlookers cannot lend a hand, that is to say if the operations are to be at all effectual. I am deliberately instancing the most serious cases because it is in respect of such that one has to make sure about matters In cases where the accident has been of short duration (for instance if the victim has been only a few moments in the water) and for this reason there is a likelihood of a speedily introduced and effective artificial respiration resulting in resuscitation at a comparatively early stage, one must (no matter what method is adopted) exert oneself to the utmost to endure the operations. Otherwise even a very temporary interruption may prove disastrous, and result in the spark of life, which maybe one has managed to bring into existence, being thereby extinguished. The position involved by the Schafer Method, its quiet, rockina and gentle movements, which do not call b d for thE. least exertion, enable one person ren enng aid to endure the operations for an appreciable length of time -without becoming exhausted. It is true that one's knees may become sore but that

after all is the only thing one feels; and this may be partly obviated for instance by the placing of a piece of cloth underneath each knee. Fu rther, in the event of the necessity arising for a persun to relieve, then this may be accomplished without any stoppage, in that the one who is relieving takes hold immediately an expiration has been effected, and the one who is helping can then g uide the other in making the movements in a right manner and with regularity.

Personally, I have been able to resuscitate two people by resorting to artificial respiration. I n the one case-that of a child-by the Silvester Method (at the time I did not know the Schafer Method) ; and in the other-that of an adult-by the Schafer Method. The child had been lying unconscious for eight minutes, the adult for twelve minutes before I came upon the scene. When the last case occurred I had learned the Schafer Method and I had no misgivings about employing it; and it was indeed effectual in the manner that it should be according to what is described about it. After 9-10 minutes work the unconscious patient commences breathing of his own accord. From the experience which I have gained during many years work. in the cause of life-saving, I am most firmly convll1ced that the Schafer Method, which is by far the easiest to acq uire, which can be in troduced immediately and which one person can pursue if needs be for hours at a stretch, is to be preferred to any previously discovered method of resuscitation, always assumin a that the scientific world In genera l does b not set at naught the results as to its efficacy arrived at on the part of English (and other) doctors or disregard the here adduced important advantages possessed by the Schafer Method.

However, it cannot be gainsaid that Silverter's Method has in many cases stood in aood stead during the time when it was considcred to be the best one, even in face of the fact that one was obliged to adm it its lacking qualities and the difficulty experienced in using it.

In conclusion, I would ask every" Samarite" to remember this: When attempting resuscitation never leave the one method for the other, even if an appreciable time has. elapsed without producing an act IS something which, is and must contll1ue, to be condemned. When in the newspape.rs .one reads :-" All possible attempts at resuscItation were made but life was and remained extinct "-one may know from this that those who rendered aid went about it in the wrong way very much indeed.

The Runcom S.J.A.A. have proyided four padable first aid kits for use in case of accidents. Ea c h kit h as been at the home of a fully qualified <'lmhulance man, and access to th e m will be ;:l\'ai lab e at any time. '

St. John Ambulance Brigade Finals.

This month we are able to publish the marking sheets o f t h e "Dewar" and" Perrott" Competitions team tests, and also some comments by one of the judges, which we fe ci sure will be appreciated by our readers.

Dr. H. W. M. Strover, O,B.E.) M,B.) one of the individual test judges, writes as follows:There were four outstanding points which might be cmphasised to intending competitors :

(1) Lack of imagination-the competitors should try to imagine thc suhj ect is really severely injured and t hat he is, for the ti me being, 110t a strong, healthy man.

.

(2) Slowness in exposing wound-the ble ed 1l1 g lS a lways tackled at once hut the wound is often n ot discovered.

(3) Failure to suspect possibility of other troubl e or fracture, such as apoplexy, POlSOl1!l1g, etc.

(-1-) Explaining what should be clon c hy word of mouth r a ther than hy action-the Jucl ge is carefully watch111g ancl docs not require to he told what should he clone.

THE "DEvVAR)) CHALLENGE SIIIELD TEAM TEST.

SCENE.-A handsome hall with a fine staircase comin o down from a first floor landing. The stairs ha ve a :l ngle bend half-way clown , and turn at the rio ht so as to face the audience. At the bend there I">is a landing eight to tcn feet squarc) if possible. Tn the hall is an umbrella stand with walking sticks, umbrella s, etc. Heads, horns , and so forth on the walls. Tn addition a f ew old arms, including a musk et or riA e On the a mat and a couch with a few plants or nowers. In one corner two thick polcs for opening windows (strong ancl long). In the hall-stand drawer arc a clozen nlLlfA e r s and hanging on thc pcgs a hat or two and at least overcoats. Furniture generally to help the impression of a handsome country house entrance hail, with slippcry lll at on Aoor. Standll1g at the bottom of thc stairs, with a rug over his arm, a butl e r in correct costume. A distinguished elderly military-looking man comes out of a bed room door, dressed in even ing' clothes and descends th e stairs, putting on a pair of gl'Oves as hc comes down slowly. About sixty-five years of age, with a gr y moustache and grey hai r.

Time, about 7.30 p.m. Cold evenillg in autumn.

PERSONNEL.-A butler correct ly dressed, with a rug. A page boy. A doctor. (Judge can acl as this.) An elderly military-looking man in evening clothes.

TEt\1YIs.-To be taken to room behind cm-tain told to take off caps, belts, pouches, water-bottles and ration haversacks: a steward to he specially appointed to look after equipment whilst team is competing,

PROPERTIES.-A rug- and a H omhurg hat. At l east one dozen table napkins (they can he used over and ovcr again), large size Safety pins. Some writing paper and enve lopes. Three clean handkerch iefs. Two stron o' and long- poles for window opening. One riRe or n7L1sket (unloaded-be sure of this). Broom} in case asked for as

A cup ancl saucer and teaspoon. IIot coffee.

A small teapot. One or two blankets. Two LR. hot-wa te r hottles. A dummy telephone on llall tahle. A hall couch. A fcw pot plants about (palms), and a chair or two. A hall stand :-vith a drawer in it, with a mufflcr hanging partly outslde, and some h a l f-a-c1ozen mufflers inside.

June, 1930. FIR S T

A couplc of coats han g ing on the pegs, and a couple of hats. A pair of white gloves.

Int rodttction: "Si1' Henry )) the patient,' "J enki11 s )) the butler, and a boy as (( Page."

SIR HENRY: What o'clock is it, Jenkins?

BUTLER: Half-past seven, Sir.

SIR HENRY: Good. I have he a ps of time. Are th ese St. John men enjoying themselves downstairs?

BUTLER: Yes, Sir. Very much indeed.

SIR HENRY: Splendid. They deserve it. That was a capiLal win this afternoon. A capital win! A capital win!! Fin e fellows, you know.

BUTLER: Y es, Sir. They arc) Sir.

SIR HENRY: What is it like outside?

BUTLER: Trying to sleet, Sir; but it is the saloon car, Sir.

SIR HENRY: That is ri ght, but I will want that rug all the same, J enkins.

BUTLER: Yes, Sir, I have got it h e re for you.

Sir Henry stuJlLbles slightly, bnt r eC07.'e rs hi1l1s elf.

SIR HENRY: [say, Jenkins, t hat is thc second time 1 have dOll C that to -day. Thls carpct is full of rucks. H ave that put right before I come back.

BUTLER: Certainly, Sir. I am sorry, Sir. ,'iir fl eury, still putting on his gloves) stmnbll?s a secolld tillie a1ld falls heav ily, h ead first) slithering to the llOlt lalldillg, h ead c/o'WIt) 'w h ere h e lies moaning. The butler rushes up to 'liJIL and tries to help hi11l to his feet.

SIR HENR Y : Don't do that} you fool. I hav e hurt my leg (irritably). N otc.-A wound on his temple , hidden till now by patient's hat, is visible, for he is now lying- facing audience, with his left foot averted and appa r ently short ened.

BUTLER: hall I telephone for the doctor, Sir?

SIR HENRY : No. Call the St. John m en up first.

BUTLER: Very good, Si r. Page! Page!!

Page 11IIrri cC/lv: Yes, Sir.

BUTLER: Call up t h'e St. J Ohl1 m en Tell them Sir IIenry ha s fallen downstairs and is bady hurt.

Exit Fugc. E nt er St. J o hn 11le!1. (They were ha,v11lg (/ party d07ullstairs to celebratc a 'W ill anel hav e NO hats a ll 110 equip1Jlcllt, lIo//ling in th e way of matenals.)

SlR lIENRY: l have hurl my se lf badly; you f e llows must h e lp m e

D G:T, \ILS OF TEST. MARKS.

Olllcer requl'sts not to mOI'c

Encou raging \lords

Asks if in pain (Of course 1 am) .'

Officer : Where, Sir? My head and Ielt hip )

N.S .- II is al Ihis point the pallent turns hiS head and shows 1,le wound and bloody collar and side of face.

Asks is blood spurting? (2). Yes I bright red? (3) Yes)

Onicer orders immediate digital pressure to 1empo!'al Artery sks is ble<,di n C1 con i rolled? Yes- if properly applied ) '.'

I sks bu tl e [lal' e ou any iodine in the house?" " I don't know"

Ollleer orders: "Gel sLime if you can and some lint, wool and a bandage."

Exit Sutler lor one mi nute.

( Proceeds with examination. )

\ sks: I s there clear /luid 1), or blood J ), comIng from nose 1), ears ( ); if eyes bloodshot (I)? ( No

Whil st leels the head, Oillerr asks: I s thelc any irregularity uf the "OI1("S uf the sk ull ? ( No ).

,\S k s: \1 e tltc pupils equa ? (Yes Do they r<'-nct to light? (Yes)

sks: s the lIound ricoan" (Yes, H to be )

,\sk.: \rc tI Crt' anI· loreign bodies 111 It? No)

,\S ·s' \\'h a t is Ih e colour of the fan'? ( pale .., fceles publ", and Ollierr asks: \\ hat is the slate of pulse? Fast and' f('('ls WiLi, back the and Ofiicer

I\ h at is IIH' skin lik e? ( Cold and clammy)...

Ortlcl's page 10 get some hOot and h ot ,bot li es , Enter butler and says there IS 110 Iodine, no Itnt, no wool.

OO,cel' onl"r him to find " el('HI 1 halldkerchlef, a clean envelope, or ur a silk mumer

( Enter bearer with a cup of very &l ot coffee .) 0111'."

Olncer ord"rs him to get a feeding cup. Says:" 1 asked fo

(;0 ""d 'dct a teDpot;··and feed·· \lith that after heaL" ,...

( Exit bearer for half a minute to get II and returns With 11.

( Enter buller with handkerchief, muffler, and sheets of clean paper.

Orders: P aper nexl \l"ound. I'atl of and bandage firml y Ask if bleeding co ntroll ed Yes)

AID. 309

Examine eft lower limb (That hurls me )

Where exactly is the pain, Sir? (At Ihe nip, just here, to it)

Is there swelling? ( NO )

Is th ere deformity? Yes)

I sk i[ foot lying on outer l Yes there shortening? (Yes, about an inch

Did you hear a snap? No )...

Diagnosis: imp acted fracture of neck of 1'(;mur

Otlicer orders: Bearer to steady and control injured limb and to gently pull the leg straIght by t he loot

\l ail1lain support o[ Injured limb

Ti II both feet are near! y he same length for injuries

elsl!\vhere, cOlnmencing Wllh Lollar bones

( Nothing there )

\11 ribs Nothing there )

:,tcrnum ( Notning there )

L elt upper extremity (Nothing lnere )

Ri ght upper extremi y Nothing there

Peb is ( Nolhing there )

Ib domen ( Notning there

t{i ght lower extremity Nothing Ihere

Olllcer says: I am afraid yuu hal'e bruken our I,i!" :"". Shall I lelephone for an ambulance and for your Doctor?"

Patient: Telephone for the Doctor; don't need an ambulance.

lI'ill remain at home and h" trpatpd here,"

Officer says: Very good, Sir."

Officer asks butler to telephone fur Doctor, telling him what to say

Butler says: I am sorry, but the Doctor is not at home and will not be back for t\l·U hours. Ie will come them."

Officer decicks to mo\'<; him, and says: Then we wili mOl'e you to a more comfortable place on the couch buL we must fir"t put on a splint. II 'e will be as gentle as \\'e can."

Comlorl ing words

Nole. - I f any attempt is made to adopt any other method Ihan carrying patient downstairs by improvised stretcV1er, Judge to say : "Y ou are expected to carry him bJ means of an improvised slretcher," sks: you a stretcher;>" ( No

Orders .bearer: "(jeL two rug" or t\\'o blankets, t\\'o pules or broom handles, or Lwo coals to exLemporise stretcher." (",os. 1 and 2)

Orders: "Bearer, get one of these rifle', hroom or pole and make an extemporisl'd splint and pad it. If rifle used, open it and UP sure it is not loaded"

Oflicer asks: Butl, Lo get eight Lable napkins

13utler returns \lith napkins. Officer asks him tu stand by Lo help in making th" stretcher. and calls a bearer to come and help to mo\'e the patient inLo a mure comfortable position. ;\Iethod adopted and eAlcienc), of doing this must be at Judge's discretion. Beare rs 2 and 4 do this

( patient says: am feeling rather fainl." )

Ollicer says :" Cover him up and get some more hot water bottles"

Orders: "Tie both fec together"

" Pass under him six bandagf's as follows":

rmplls, (2) Ppivis. (3) Goth ankles (I) and (2) as broad band (-1 ) Thighs, belo\\'. (5) Legs. (6) Broad 0111' at knees

Place imprOl'iscd splint from armpit to beyond feeL and tie n same ol'der as put under, all knots outsidl'

:-':0. 1 repurts stretcher no\\' ready. Inspects it

Orders: ,. Test Stl dcher "

"Load stretcher"

,. Lift..... ".

Lower: slowly ;Ind gently on stretcher ,.,

For carrying impru\'iscd ,Lretcher Officer directs 111'0 bearers to stano on each sid,· of impru\'ised stretcl.cr facing each other On cu'nmand Lift strr>tcher," all ,[OOP, grasp the middle of cO\'ered poles with one hand, and bear the ends \\ilh the other and" Lift stretcher .,

II arch-II alk sideways

Drtlers: " L o\\'er him ,101I'1y and gently"

Orders: "Co\·er him \I·ith blankets and place near him hot water botlles, after tesling Lhem"

Il ethud adopted for carrying him downstairs; h" be kept le\'pl and head first

(Cro£s hall, not in step. )

Onlprs: H RenlO\Oe froll1 the t:ouch

Plare stretcher on couch not unloaded

("omfort the patient

pre,pnt· of ( Improving )

What is lhe character of th' pulse? ( mproving) Is the blecdin!( still controlled? (Yes (Doctor unexpect e dly arrives and takes over. )

Hi tory of case given correctl)

Total Tenm's general methods 3nd rllicienc),

Competency of Olllcer (;ro," to!:t!

Deduct regulation penalties :-) If riRe i, chosen for a splint and ded'lcl .5 marks not examined to sce if 10Dded, ;j Use of unifurm cO\'eril1f!, etc.

Unnece,sar) I'erbal rxplanation

Total l\'eL total

5 ;)

THE "PE RROTT" CHALLENGE SHIELD TEA:'II TE T.

C.\RD OF TN 'TRUCTT01T,-A you near a bend in a st raight road, while bei ng driyen hom e from competition. on a h ot sU111mer's day, you h ea r a w an llng shout, followed by a resoundin g crash and a breaking- of bushes.

3 1

H.o unclin g the corner your car is pulled. up by a tree lyin g across the r oa d, and YQU see a man lYin g underneath

PIRST

it. Four men rush out of a garden of a large h ouse n ea r by and explain that they were cutting the trees dow n and Bill did not get out of the way quickly enough and t h e tree fell on him Act.

),'"OTES FOR JUDGE.

l. Team to be Sltt1l1g 111 improvised moto r car w h en they receive their card.

2. Tool-box containing jack and tools to be in car, easily seen, and clearly labelled.

3. If Judge has to direct jack to be brought from car, deduct 5 marks for lack of observation

4 Air-gun. dart with sucke r end to r ep r esent tWIg stuck 111 thIgh, 4 111S. above knee on inner side.

5. Wo.oden draught-sc r een requi r ed for st r etc h e r.

6. Room to contain the following : -

(1) Carpet on the floor.

(2) Various articles of furniture) which can be moyed out.

Required :-(a) Two small tables; (b) One chai r'

(c) Various pudding basins; Cd) T h ree 0; four (e) Three o r four sh eets; (f) Two mack111tosh sheets; (g) P illow o r c11shion; (ft) Curtains over t h e windows. There must be a hole in trousers w h e r e sL i ck penetrated.

DET\lLS OF TEST. MARKS

Orderly and rapid approach to scene of accident

Explain who you are

Oner sen ices. (Accepted )

SLOp men all talking at once

Ask one Inan to answer questiull .j

Direct other men to stand br T c ll dri \'cr to go back to tl.e corn e r to "top trallic

Team advances to attend to pati l'Ilt

One Sister protects patient from su n 's rays

Speaks to patient. ( Moans faintly

'louch eyeballs. ( Eye respond )

Condition of pulse (96---weak

Any \'isible hre!norrhage. ( NOne s een at pre s ent )

I\sk If he and hiS fflends can move trce

EnqUires name and address Bill Jones, 3, Bushey Lane, Leed C e igh mil es away)

Can he mo\'e his legs? Yes, Slightly

Can feel .his legs being touched? (Yes

,\n), Irregularity of haunch bones? No )

(Men r e port th ey ca nnot raise the tree unless there is some means of a ck ing up .)

Encouraging words ,..

Sends a man to car for the jack out of tool·box

( Not e - If n e cessary Judge suggests this and deducts five marks. )

Sends garden e r to house to enquire if telephone. If so , 'phone Doclor an.d ambulance. Ask permission to use house if required and to bring back some blankets and some cold water

Gard e ner r e port s: Doctor out expected at house shortly. HosPital '10 away Ambulance not free for an hour. Can use house as reQulrec. Away three minut es .)

( By ":leans of jack tree s raised s ufffciently. )

1\[an IS carc/ully pulled out by hands under armpits

\Ma n now fully expo s ed, ly ing on back. )

General condition. As formerly )

Ask if any visible hremorrhage now. (Yes, left leg)

( Not e - Trou se r s oak ed w ith blood .) steadies and controls left leg... ..,

Sister exposes left leg, finds punctured wound with piece stick embedded in it, blood oozing from wound

Asks colour of blood. ( Red

,\sks nature. of flow. Continuous oozing, but not s;: urting )

Remove body. ( BlOOd Hows more freely) digital pressure to wound, after iodining fingers

Ask If bleeding (Yes) dreSSings without touching them

I<;ldlne to fingers before touching dressings, and to wound and around

Sister \\ ho dress es wound touclles nothing else but dressings

,\ppl)' clean, dry dressings

I'ad and bandage

Gen c ral condition of patient? Not so good )

Ask if he has any pain. All over, but more in ri g ht Sid e of che s t)

:!sk condi t ion o[ pulse (lOO-feeble )

1 cmperature of skin? Cold ) of. resp!ration? (Short and shallow )

Ask pat!ent If pain 01: deep breathing. ( Yes )

Ask patient sIte of paIn. (Lower r ght ribs

Expose chest over lower right ribs OF CIIEST.

Ask If swelling o\'er lower ribs (Slight)

I rregularity of ribs? (Yes)

Ask if there is pain on pressure

Asks is pat!ent blood ( No

Asks IS pallent vomltlllg blood ( No '"

1?lagn.osls: F:acture of lower right ribs (Ye s)

L"amlne (2), sternum (2), and left ribs (2) Nil

I3efore bandaging orders examination of upper abdomen

Locates in right upper abdomen .., swelling be In abdomen? (Yes, near lower right ribs)

Dlagno,es posslble Injury to liver

At n. Jun e , 1930.

Orders cold compress O\'cr

(2) wound lower part of left thigh foreign body l-emu\'ed

(3) ComplIcatcd fracture lower right ribs

(4) Internal hremorrhage from liver 2

examination Doctor reports:(1) Injury to liver.

(2) Patient too ill to remO\'e any distance.

(3) Requires immediate fuJ'lhe treatment.

(4) Orders removal to adjacent house.

(5) Orders preparation of room for observation and to get things for a saline rectal injection.

(6) Hands Sister soft rubber catheter.

Oilicer. sends Sist.ers to prepare room and get things ready for saline rectal InjectIOn

Asks Doctor about sending message to relath'es

Doctor replie s: will se e to that. must leave you for about to minutes. Can you have th e room ready and get him carried in by that time ?" )

Ofllcer asks for stretcher ( None availabl e but g o to house for something suitable

Officer Sister and two gardeners to go to house and look such appliance, and directs Sister to ask for hot water bottles and some rugs to be supplied... 4

.Return, bringing wooden draught-screcn for stretcher and two rugs... 2 fest draught-screen 1

Officer directs gardeners in the proper method of lifting patient on to screen. Three gardeners to stand on patient's left as follows:\ shoulders, at hips, at knel s, facing the patient and kneeling on their left knees. Fourth gardener on the right side of patient at hipS,. The gardeners then place thcir hands underneath the patient as dIrected by the Officer and lift according to instructions on to the screen 5

Officer then directs gardeners how to carry stretcher into house 4

Officer ord e rs stretcher to be lowered in hall...... 1

Patient to be cO\'ered with rugs, and hot water bottles applied to fcet and under left arm pit

Orders remaining Sister to stay with patient

Tile St. / olzn A 17zbu lance Brigade Reports.

No. (Prince of Wales' ) District.

TOTTE II.\1I.-The annual supper and social of the No. 71 Division (Tottenham and Edmonton) was held recently at the Odd fellows' Hall.

A company numbering about eighty was presided over by Supt. H. G. Cottrell. Among the visitors were members of the Tottenham and Edmonton District Councils.

Speaking of the Division gcnerally the Chairman stated that during 1929 the member hip totalled 45 and since then they had increased to 54. Public duties at cinemas, parks, etc., numbered 1,071 during 1929 and cases attended 547. Last summer they had a cycle squad on the Arterial Road but this year, thanks to the Edmonton Council, a permanent station had been secured, also an ambulancc) in connection with which a dedication sen-ice had been held A flag-day was held il1 Edmonton on l\lay 17th, and on July 12th one would be held in Tottenham.

No. 2 District.

CLEVEDON.-The new motor ambulance was dedicated on Sunday, J Ulle 1st.

The local Division St. J Ohl1 Ambulance Brigade, under Supt. C. T. Ruck, were present and also memhers oi the \ Veston-super-l\lare Diyision. The ambulance was dedicated by the Vicar of Cleve-

supported by 1Iajor P. G. Daryil-Smith (County Commissioner), presided.

Good progress was stated to have been made in the two years the Division had been in existence, and thanks were extended to the energetic secretary and helpers.

J\Iajor Danil-Smith recalled the fonnation of the Brigade fifty years ago and urg-ed his hearers to make themselyes more proficient. He was pleased with the Di,'ision's achienmcnt in the County Competitions and tended his thanks and appreciations to Dr. Paterson for his yaluable a istance.

Mrs. Boycott presented the awards for which a yote of thanks was cordially extended No. 3 District.

The annual church parade of the orth vVorcestershire Corps was held on Sunday, May 18th, at Blackhcath.

Oyer 100 officers and men were on parade, the Divisions represented being Stewarts and Lloyds (Langley), T. \Y. Lench's, Ltd" and Broomsgro,'e, The officers present included County Surgeon Dr. Darby, Dr. Roulston (Langley), Corps Supt. F. Somers, O.B.E., Corps Sec. F. Lightfoot, Supt. D. H. \ Villiams, Supt. C. Greaves, Amb. Officers J. c. l\Iayall) T. C. Lench, H. Rose, and Corps Sergt.-lIajor Lewis.

The Corps paraded to the Parish Church, where the

L ost-Go ld Me d a ll ion, N o 293878, if fo un d please rct u rn to ow ner at 12, W hi te -s t reet, Brighton , S ussex

F o u nd- B ro nze Mc da ll io n, No. 232007, Wa lter Re min gton Can be had o n app licat io n to "Va lter Sm it h , " O ph ir H ou se," May Bu s h- roa d , San d a l, W akefie ld.

O n Sund ay, 25t h May, a d etac hm e nt of t h e Wa llh amstow Co r ps we r e pa r a di ng "v it h t he 7t h Essex R eg ime nt ( T ) on the C hest nu ts F a r m, w h en Cyc li st Co rpI. S h r implin, p roceed ing- to a n acc id e n t o n t h e fi eld , r od e in to a hidd e n d itc h s ustai n ing conc u ss ion an d b a dl y spra ine d n eck. H e was taken by t h e Wa lt h amstow Amb ul a nce to t he Co nna u g h t H ospital, w h e r e h e \-vas d eta in ed

Does your colleague read FIRST AID, if not, send us his address and we will post him a copy.

T he Langw ith Coll iery Ambu lance Br igade with some of the prizes recently won.

don (P r eb. H. E. Badcock), and a sh ort add r ess was given by t h e Rey. J. Spr u nt (p r esident of the Cleyedon Free C hur ch Committee) At the end of the service County O ffice r Cox forma ll y handed over the ambulance to the Clevedon Division, on behalf of the Home Se r vice Amb u lance Committee.

H ADDENJIAM -A socia l and prescntatio n of aV,Tards was h eld on Thu rs d ay, May 29th, w h en Mr. R. T. Green,

sermon was preached by the Vicar (the Rev. C. D. Banks Gale).

The annual inspection of the vVarwickshire Corps took place on Saturday, :May 31st) at Rugby.

The strcno,th of ambulance men. nurses and cadets present was aCout 500 and hcaded by the Rugby Salvation Army Band, the parade, under Corps SllPt. Vif. Hirons, marched to the parade ground

The Inspecting Officer was Asst. Chief Comr.nissioner Col. C A. Moore, CM.G ) D.S.O , M.D. He first ll1spected the officers and then passed down thc ranks

After the inspection drills and stretcher work were carried out, the spectators being very much with t.he skill and dexterity displayed by the partiCIpants.

A number of awards was presented by Col. Moore, who also addressed the parade and complimented them on their appearance and work..

Tea was afterwards served m the New BIg School, the being made by the local Division, under Supt. Towers.

The parade was under the charge of Major Ortol1, M.D., assisted by Dist. Supts. W. J. Verrier (Rugby), and Bcthell (Coventry).

LEICESTER.-The jubilee celebrations of the Leicester Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association were held on Saturday, May 31st) when Maj.-Gen. Sir Percival \Vilkinson reviewed the members of the Corps in the Junior Training Hall in the presence of Sir .Arthur Grey Hazlerigg, Lord Lieutenant of the County, SIr J. Prescott Hewett (Bailiff of Eagle Order of St. John), Lady Perrot, the Lady Supt. in Chief, and Sir Arthur Faire.

The presentation of the insignia of "Officers of the Order of St. John," was presented by the Lord Lieutenant, Mr. Arthur J. Faire. Subsequently Maj.-Gen . Sir Percival \Vilkinson presented a number of medals, bars and a challenge Shield, and Lady Perrot received the" Musson Trophy."

In the course of an address Sir J. Prescott Hewett said that 50 years ago 75 certificates were obtained. Since the formation of the centre the number had totalled just under 20,000.

KORTIL\1fPTON.-Five senior members of the Northampton Headquarters Division have been appointed Serving Brothers of the Order of St. John, namely: Amb. Officer W. J. Ricks, who joined the Division in 1906, promoted Corporal 1910, Sergeant 1915 and Amb. Officer 1919, and was in charge of the inyalid transport for 11 years.

Sergt.-T\Iajor G. Hines, joined in 1889 and has 40 years' service to his credit. He was promoted Sergt.Major in 1912 and during the war served with the 4th Northants.

Staff-Sergt. J. G. Butler, who joined in 1897. He was promoted Sergeant in the same year and Staff-Sergt. in 1922. He served in the Military Home Hospitals Reserves from September, 1914, to July, 1919.

Sergt. H. 1. Edwards) who joined in 1901, was promoted Corporal in 1914 and Sergeant in 1915 He givcs regular ambulance work instruction to the Boys' Brigade.

Cadet Officer F. T. Whiting joined in 1905 and was promoted Corporal in 1910, and Sergeant in 1915 On formation of the Cadets' Division in 1925 he devoted a "Tcat deal of time to the training of the lads and was Cadet Officer.

NO 4 D i st ric t.

LYTIIAM ST. ANNEs.-Fylde Divisions of the S.J.A.B. together with Nursing and Cadet Divisions, assembled on St. Annes Cricket Ground on Sunday, May 25th, for the annual inspection

Altogether there were on parede about 600, all ranks, the inspecting officer being Col. C J. Trimble, c.B., CM.G., Commissioner No. 4 District. He was accompanied by Mrs. Tvveedale, the Lady Commissioner, Asst. Commissioner VV. S. Woodcock, the Mayor and Mayoress of Lytham St. Annes.

In addition to the march past and inspect ion, there was a display of ambulance work, including an accident, in which the patients were treated in a temporary hospital. There was an attendance of nearly 2,000 of t h e public.

An award of a long-service medal was made by the Mayor to Pte. W. Mercer, Blackpool, for 15 years' service, and a bar for 20 years' service to the medal of Cadet Officer Thomasson, Fleetwood The" Hill" award for the most meritoriOlls case of first aid in the Fylde during the year went to Pte. Winston Lindley, of St. Annes, for his work in reviving a woman who had apparently died from gas poisoning. This was the third year in succession that the award had been won by a member of the Lytham St. Annes Division

After the parade the Divisions marched to the St. Annes War Memorial in the Ashton Gardens, where a wreath was laid hy Col. Trimble on behalf of the Brigade.

No. 5 District.

FEATI-IERSToNE.-Eleven Cadet teams competed at Featherstone on Saturday, June 7th) for the cup presented by Supt. J. Corfield for Cadet teams in the No .5 District, S.J.A.B.

The team test was: -A man going into a room full of smoke and in attempting to open a window and getting on to a chair in a hurry, fractures his right patella (kneecap), falls backwards and strikes his head against a table, causing a slight scalp wound (with practicalIy no bleeding). He is unconscious. Treat. Doctor lives 200 yards away, but is out and will return in half an hour. Ambulance headquarters 30 yards away. Open, but no one on duty

Dr. Fairclough, of Featherstone, was the judge, assisted by Messrs. R. Widdowson and W. Brooke. Worsborough were the winners) with 162 marks out of a possible 200; Goldthorpe were second, with 151; and Worsborough No.2 third, with 147.

The remaining teams were placed as follows:Keighley, 146; Pontefract No 2, 134; Pontefract No. I, 131; Grimsby, 122; Ackworth, 120; South Kirkby, 119; He111S\Vorth, 112; Sowerby Bridge, 112.

No. 6 Di s trict.

CIIESTER-LE-STREET. Members of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions from all parts of Durham" South Northumberland, and North Yorkshire paraded at Lumley Castle, Chester-Ie-Street, on Saturday, May 24th, for the annual review, Y.I:aj.-Gen. Sir Percival Wilkinson being the inspecting officer.

Over 1,400 officers and men of the Ambulance Divisions and approximately 400 women of the Nursing Divisions were on parade and it was stated to have been one of the largest reviews ever held in the North of England.

The parade was under the command of Asst. Commissioner S. Embleton, and was divided into two half battalions under the command of Asst. Commissioner F P. Wilson and Dist. Officer Capt. S. W Nicholas respectively. Lady Dist. Officer Mrs. Webster was in charge of the Nurses.

After inspecting the parade Sir Percival Wilkinson received the salute from the battalions as they marched past to the music of the Hetton Prize Silver Band and the Sacriston Colliery St. John Ambulance Band.

Displays of stretcher drill were given by the squads from the various Divisions, and also demonstrations of artificial respiration. The Nurses gave demonstrations of bandaging

Following the inspection, Sir Percy S. Wilkinson presented meda s and bars to a number of long-serving members.

Among those present were Col. J. Clay, County Controll e r for Northumber land; Capt. T. A. Bradford, County Contro ller for Durham; Col. Blackett, and Mr. John Graham, Eng land's oldest coroner.

Sir Percival \ Vilkinson expressed himsel£ high ly p leased at the state of the Brigades present.

SOUTH SIIIELDS.-The annual church parade of the South Shields, Tyneside and County of Durham Divisions was he ld on Saturday, May 25th.

Asst. Commissioner S Embleton was in command, ass i sted by Dist. Officer G. Currie, D.S.M Among those present were Maj .-Gen. Sir Percival Wilkinson, Div Surgeon G. F. Shepherd, Corps Supts. A. Payne, M.B.E., and P. R. McNaught, Lady Dist. Officer Mrs Webster, who was in charge of the Nurses, assisted by Lady Dist. Officers Mrs. Woodbury Thompson and Mrs. Ritson.

Civic patronage was afforded to the effort and the Mayor (Councillor J. W. Wood), the Town Clerk (Mr. J. Moore Hayton), the Deputy-Mayor (Alderman J. Dunlop), Chief Constable W. R. Wilkie, and other officials took part in the parade.

The parade marched to St. Michael's Church, Westoe, headed by the People's Mission Band. The service was conducted by the Vicar) Rev. H. G. Hastings Shaddock, the lessons being read by Asst. Commissioner Embleton and an address was given by Sir Percival Wilkinson.

After the service, the procession was re-formed and proceeded to the War Memorial at Westoe, where General Sir Percival Wilkinson took the salute and deposited a wreath of Flanders poppies, in the form of a St. John's cross, at the foot of the memorial.

No 8 District.

CRAwLEY.-In the Crawley War Memorial Recreation Ground, on Sunday, May 18th, the newly-acquired motor ambulance for Crawley and district was dedicated for service.

Nearly 250 men representing Addiscombe) Reigate, Horsham, TL1nbridge \i\1ells, Horley, Crawley and Th:-ee Brido'es Divisions, S.J.A.B., were on parade, accompa111ed by from various Nurses' Divisions

Commissioner E. A. Richards was present, accompanied by Asst. Commissioner Capt. E. A Chill, O.B.E., M.D., Dist. Officer Capt. VV. Butcher, D1St, Sec. H. J. \V rigglesworth, Div -Surg. Dr. R. S. Matthews) and other District and local officers.

Dr. S. P. Matthews, J.P., chairman of the Ifield Parish Council, on behalf of the public of Crawley,. formally presented the motor ambulance to CommISSIOner Richards.

The Rev. W. Loveband) M A., representmg the Vicar of Crawley (Rev. H. A. R. Baynes), dedicated the ambul ance. . I

Mr. H. Hemsley (Chairman of the Crawley P.ans 1 Council) presided at a tea which followed, at the RaIlway Hotel.

No. 10 District.

ALDEBURGII -On Saturday, May 3rst, ambulance competitions were held in the Jubilee Hall, Aldeburgh.

For the "Tou l min II Challenge Cup teams from Saxmundham, Felixstowe and Aldeburgh co.mpeted, the resu l beinO' A ldeburo'h first followed by Feltxstowe and mundham and'third respective ly. cc II

Three teams of Boy Cadets competed for the AIde Cup, the results being Aldeburgh first, Beccles second, and Saxmundham thi r d .

The Mayor of A ldeburo'h, Mr. H. Jones, who welcomed [he visiting teams, expressed hiS gratification

A I D. 313

at the keenness displayed. He presenled five-year service bars (20 years' service in all) to Supt. Collins and three privates, 0 f Felixstowe.

The winners o£ the varioLls contests were announced hy Dr. MacEwan, and the cups were presented by Miss Toulmin satisfaction was expressed by all the judges, who conSIdered that the work reached a high standard, the boy cadets especially acquitting themselYCs well.

CLACTON.-The annual meeting of Clacton Ambulance Division was held on Thursday evening, i\'lay 29th, at Hubbard's Restaurant, Mr. H. E. Kingsman in the chair. Supt. Porter reviewed the work of the year, and expressed his keen appreciation of the manner in which the duties had been carried out, and the prestige o£ the Division maintained. Not a single call received had been unanswered.

Mr. J. C Cheeld, transport officer, reported that the transport cases numbered 181. Of these) 110 were local. and 71 street accidents.

The report of the Cadet Officer (Mr. L. W. R. Pease) stated that there were now 12 efficient cadets. They won the Junior Cup at the County Rally.

The Chairman expressed appreciation of the \Vednesclay League in handing oyer the proceeds from the ga t e to the ambulance funds at the competition for the ambulance cup and medals. He was also pleas ed to hear of the excellent work the Division was doing, and he hoped they would have another ambulance.

The City of London Po lice Reserve.

In my last report I find I made no mention of the Police Ambulance Dinner, held at the Talbot Restaurant on the evening of May 2nd last. As this was th e Annual Dinner of the joint forces of th e T\Ietropohtan and City Police first aid enthusiasts it must certainly be regarded as quite an important event. I had the pleasure of attending it and as a suggestion I can commend the idea to the Metropolitan and City" Special Reserve." If this meets with the approval of any of the readers of FIRST AID who are members of the i\Ietropolitan "Special Reserve" I should be delighted to hear from them on the subj ect. My sincere apologies to the members of the winnin o' team of the SIr \VIlham SmIth Challenge Cup Competition. In my details of the. results I omitte.d to include in the totals the marks obtaIned for the IndIvidual Tests. These should read :-A, 213; B, 190}; C, 154' D 181' out of a possible total of 275 marks. Obviti1ese 'give a much better impression of the excellency of work done. At a recent luncheon at our Wakefield Mess at which Lord \i\1akefield was t.he guest of the occasion, he mentioned in the of hIS speech the "Miss Johnson)) Right and he attnbuted her phenomenal success as being entirely due to the three most essential qualifications she Courage, EntJ1Usiasm, and Efficiency. It certa1l1ly struck me at the tIr.n e that these three essentials should be the am1 of every" First Aider." I have m a prevIous monthly issue written an article on "Efficiency"; I feel tempted to ask the Editor's permission t? afford me the space for an article on the other two POl11ts as I feel sure somethino' could be written of interest to the readers of FI.RST AID.o I have noted satisfaction. the new Police regulations WIth regard to FIrst AId tt now compulsory \'lith all the .men. My adY.lce all Special Constabulary members IS to g-o and do lIkeWIse. , Sergt. C G. Hon. Sec.

June, 1930.

S.J.A.B. Overseas.

:\TE\V ZEALA D. DrvrsIOx.

" Benefit of Mankind "-such was the heading in the .illckluJld StUI' which gave, at some length} a report of the '\'ork clone by the Auckland Di,"ision.

Last year by the generosity of the Directors of the Auckland Saving's Bank, a sum of £-!-,500 was made a\'ailahle for the enlargement of the headqnarters and to mak e same an up - to -date ambulance station, The Auckland

the public of Sn()",tu,\'n arc contemplating forming a Di\'isioI1, Thc accounts sho\\' a balance of £57 in hand which is \'cry satisfactory .

Priory for Wales.

FE.\TL'RES OF THE P \ST YEAR'S \NORK.

The Annual Report of the Principal Secretary and Commissioner fDr vVales for the rear 1929 is a record of continued progress in every department of the Order's ,\'ork in vVales_

Thc ,\mbulance Departmcnt Returns show that an -increasing- number of people are taking- advantage of the facilities offered by the Priory for the teaching of Fir t Aid and the allied subjects, and nearly fi\'e hundred more ernciency awards were gained in 1929 than in the previous year. It is an interesting fact that 1110re classes were held in the agricultural areas and the county districts of North vVales, and that the number of Home Nurslllg Awards was increased by nearly t,\"o hundred. The following comparative statement shows ho\\' the work has extended from year to year :-

New Ambulance Station at Auckland, ?\'ew Zealand. Sayings Bank also gaye a further donation of £1,000 and the ,,"ork 'Nas completed lVith only £30 deficit.

Three resident officers are available night or day and proyisions ha\'e been made for sixty m embers.

The top floor is a new hall , 'v hich is used for lectures and examinations,

The second floor are the offices of the district nurs e s, There is also a sitting room and cupboards filled with stores new clothing for poor people, waiting rooms for patIents and a clinic.

On, the first floor is a large public hall, two rooms for assIstant transport officers and a lIedical Comforts Depot.

The station is now one of the most up-to-date and meet the local requirements for many years.

SOUTH AUSTRALIA.

The report of the South Australia District for 1929 that continued progress has been experienced dur1l1g the year.

The annual church parade was held in the Ana-lican Cathedral on June 23rd, the parade being inspectel'after service by His Excellency the Governor of the State, SIr Alexander Hare Ruthven, accompanied by Lady Ruthven.

At the beaches ami hills resorts members of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions were in attendance and good work, was done. Race meetings were attended and ,commIttees of the racing clubs showed their appreClatlOn by generous donations.

A new Division was formed at Mount Gambiel- and

The strength of the Brigade in Wales is shown as

Sixteen Divisions were formed, bringing 238 new recruits into the ranks, whilst forly-hvo units which had heen in act ive for considerable periods were disbanded. One hundred Cadets were enrolled during the t\veh'e months, and the extension of the junior movement urges the desirability of organising championship competitions for Ambulance and Nursing Cadet Units in Wales, for which purpose the Commissioner hopes to obtain trophies.

The public duties havc increased in \'arious directions, road patrol work undertaken in several new area.s, and another line of progress is the increasing number of units acquiring their own permanent Headqua.rters, the value of which cannot be too highly estimated

The Motor Ambulance Transport Service, which has become recognised as an integral part of the industrial life of the mining community. is one of the mosi important departments. The Priory cars carried 5,094- cases, covering an aggregate mileage of 96,498 ; an increase of 561 cases and 3,084 miles on the previous year.

Th e summary of the work of the :Medica l Comforts Depots shows that the interest of the Brigade and th0

FIRST

general public is being welJ maintained; good ,york was done in every case and se\'eral new Depots opened, A mention must be made, cyen in this brief rC\'ie\\', of the main features of the Report, of the propaganda work carried out in connection with First .-\id in the mines, factories, on public sen'ice Yehicles, and in thc sc hools. TllP influence which has been brought to bear by the Priory, as a National Organisation, bas had a directly beneficial effect.

ViSIT OF H, R, H. TIlE PRINCE OF 'YALES_

The City of Cardirr extended a g-rcat \\"e1come to H, R, H. the Prince of vVales on vVedne'iday, illay 21st, and extensi\'e arrangernents were made in consultation with the Chief Constable to pro\"ide adequate facilitie" for the treatment of any cases of accident or sickness among thc enthusiastic crowds which lined the route from Splott to Cathays Park, ,,,here the Prince, as Chancellor of the L'niyersity of \\Tal es , opened the Tatem Ph ysics and Chemical Laboratories of the Un i,'e rsity College of South vVales and OYer ten thousand children took part in a most impressi,-c display at the Cardiff .-\r111S Park in the afternoon. The programme included a del1lonstration by St. John Cadets, Rnd two hundred boy cadets from Cardiff City, Barry Dock, Bryn, Lady Lewi, New Tredegar, Oakdale, Ogmore Vale, Taibach and Port Talhot unib, the girl cadets from Bryn, Taibach and Kenfig Hill took part in the ambulance di play, which was a successful feature of the pageant. Captai 11 T. E, Richards, Commissioner for the Rhondda Centre, was in command There were o,-er t,yenty-fi,'e thousand spectators present, and a large nUl1lber of minor cases \yere treated under the supervision of Corps Surgeon Dr. Edgar Llewellyn. SubCommissioner F. R. Hortop was ill charge of the ground, and Stafe OlIicer l\Iaberly at the College ceremony. Tul1lerous expressions of appreciation of the sen-ices rendered haye been recei\'ed. The Chief Constable :\1r.

J ailles A. ,\Tilson, C. B. E., writes :-

" On the occasion of the "isit of H, R, H. the Prince of vVales to CardiiT on the 21st instant, you were good enough to place at my di'iposal a strong detachment of olllet'rs, l11en and nurses to render assistance throughout the elm at the different functions on the line of route. As they performed their work in an excellent manner, and I \vould ask you to cOl1\-ey to them m)" keen appreciation of their sen'ices.

" I also \yish to thank you for the readiness with ,yhich YOU came to my assistance and for the adequate and efTecti\'e distributlon of your uits."

The Registrar of the Cci,'c rsilY College of South \,Tales and l\Ionmouthshire sends the follo\\"ing letter :-

" I am desired by the College to express to you its cordia l thanks for the valuable which ,,'as given to us in our ceremonies yesterday by the proyision of an ambulance unit for duty in our enclosure,

" I can assure you that the presence of the members of your units enable us to feel quite _at ease.as regards the \\"elfare of our guests fr0111 the P01l1t of \"Ie\\' of any necessary first aid that might he required."

The following: letter from II'. Ben ,\Tillial11s, L B, E., J uvenilc Education Officer, will be appreciated by the cadets and their instructors :-

"On behalf of t110 Juvenile vVelfare Council, I desirc to most heartily thank you for your valuable cooperation in so effecti,-ely contributing" to the of the clemonstration and display held at the Carc1dt \r111 S Park on 21st last.

"Your organisation is to be most heartily latcd on the splendiJ parade and for the ,"ery efTectlve item contributed to the programme, which ,\"on laudatory comments from all directions.

_

" vVill you kindly convey to the orhcers of the vari-

A I D. 315

ous districts and to the boys thcmseh'es our very cordial thanks and appreciation."

V.A.D. IKSPECTIONS.

The t\\'O \\-omen's St. J ohn Voluntary ,\id Detachments recently registered in the county of were officially inspected by an Officer detailed by the \\T ar Office, Port Talbot Detachment 258, of \yhich ilIrs. Flossie Jones is Commandant, assembled at the Old Riding School, Port Talbot, on Thursday, illay 8th, and proceeded to the Ambulance Hall where demonstrations of First .-\id Hospital \\'ork and Cookery were carried oul. The Inspecting Officer, Colonel ]. F. :\Iartin, c.;\I. G., C. B. E., 1\1. B. (Deputy Director of the ::'IIedical Sen'ices, v\'estern Command), who was assisted by the County Controller, Colonel A. ,V. Sheen, complimented the rnembers on their efficiency. Among those present ,,,ere the .-\cting Commissioner (Captain F. P. Robathan, M.C.), and Corps Secretary A. Poole.

The first annual inspection of the Bargoed Detachment K o. 256 was conducted by Colonel J. F_ at the Church School Room, Bargoed, on 1\Iay 10th, Excellent preparations had been made by the Commandant, ?llrs, Turner, for the treatment of hospital cases Tests in First Aid work, bed making, feyer and stretcher cases were also carried out and an exhibition of iI1\-a lid cookery was highly satisfactory. The Inspecting Officer, in addressing the members, said the Detachment was well up to the required standard of efficiency Colonel Sheen, the County Controller, and Colonel H. E. :'II. Lindsay, C. B. (Chairman of the Glamorgan County Centre and .-\ssistant County Controller), Captain F. P. Robathan (the l\cting Commissioner), were among those present and tea was kindly proyided by 1\1rs. [urner.

AUBULAl\CE H_'\'LL FOR C\\,:\l.

A Bazaar, organised by the CWl11 .\mbulance and Nursing Divisions of the Brigade in aid of the Building Fund, ,,-as opened at C\\"m on Saturday, 24th, by Sir Herbert D. VV_ Le\yis, Principal Secretary and Commissioner for ,Vales_

Divisional Surgeon, Dr. Hale \"elcomed the Principal Secretary on behalf of the Brigade and aid they had obtained a site from the Cra,,'shay-Baile,- Estate on ,,"hicb to build a Headquarters and they -hoped 'by means of the Bazaar to raise a sufficient sum to help towards the erection of the building.

Sir Herbert thanked Dr. and Mrs. Hale for their great sen'ices, and expressed hi plea ure in being asked to open the Bazaar. He thought the e,'ent ,,"as yery appropriately held on Em pire Day a , in furthering the ,,'ark of the Order, they were helping an Empire Organisation, \"hose emblem was known and respected in all the Dominions. He hoped the public of CWl11 would support. the Brigade in. their ne,y , 'e nture; they were ,\"ell aware of It s "aluable sernce and the people of C\\' m would eyer remember the part its membe:-s took in the terrible colliery disa ter which happened there 111 1927. For the past sixteen years the C\\"111 Di\"isions had placeu their sen'ices at the disposal the to\\-n and four hundred ca es were treated dUring the past year. Sir Herbert wi hed them eyer\" success in the undertaking. A yote of thanks, by Councillor Rees and seconded by Councillor Poole, was heartily carried, and tea was follm,"ed by a Dance.

COllIPETITTONS ,\1' ROYAL \\'ELSII ,-\GRICULTURAL SHOW. Ambulance competitions \"ill be a big feature of tl:e Royal \\ Telsh AO'ricultural Society' Show at Carnaryon 111 J ul) , which will be attended on the day by H. R. H, the Prince of vVales. Once again the Priory has been asked to oro'anise these contests and make the necessary arrangefor ambulance duty in the grounds, and the Principal Secretary has been appointed Honorary Director of Ambulanc e by the Sho\\' i\uthorit ies, The programme 1I1c1udes he following e, ents :-

316 FIR S T

1. Sil ve r C ha ll e nge S hi e ld, ope n t o tea m s of m e n in \Vales an d l\l on m out h s hire, th e me mb e r of whi c h mu s t hold a Fi rst \'id Cert if lcate of a r ecog ni se d Soc ie t y First pri ze , £ 3; econ d pr ize, £2 . 2 Si h 'er C ha ll enge C up , ope n t o [ea lll s o f la di es in an d ;\l onmo u t il sil ire, t he m e mb ers of whi c h mu s t h old a First Ai d and Il om e Turs in g- Cert i fica te of a r ecog nis e d Society. F ir-st pr ize, £3 ; seco nd pri ze, £2.

3. "Arnallt J ones" S hi e ld , o pe n to tea ms of S t. J o hn Boy Cadets ill \ Va les a nd l o nmo u ths h ir e, h e m e mb e rs of w hi c h I1lLlSt hold a First Aid Juni o r Ce r t ficate of th e O rd e r of St. J o hn Fi r st p r ize, £2 l Os ; Seco nd p ri ze £ 1 l Os -i-. " i\lr-s K L. B uc kl ey" Cu p, ope n t o tea m s o f m e n res ident in Ang lesey, Ca rn a r vo ns hir e, D c n b ig h s hir e, Flintshire, l\ crioneths h ire an d l\l ort gome rysh ir e

NEws IN BR IEF

The Penarth U r ban D ist r ict Co un c il h ave pl ace d at t h e disposa l of t h e P riory a s ite, in t h e g r o und s o f th e Publi c Bath s , on the Esp la nade, P e nart h , and p r o \'i d ed t he fo und afor the erection of a hu t, w hi ch t h e P e n a r t h Nur s in g D I\"lSlOn have und ertaken t o equ ip a nd m a in ta in fo r t h e t reat m ent of cases of acci d c nf a nd s ic k n e ss occ urrin o' fr o m tirne to t ime. b

A meeting- of t h e P embrokes hir e Ce n re Com mi t ee, of whi c h Sir H enry E. E. P hil ipps, Ba r t., is P res id e nt , is t o be he ld at Picton Cast le in Jul y. Co l. VV. Bi c k e r to ll Edward, C.B . E., the Co m missione r, s ta k i ng a n act i ve interest in the \\'or k in h e Co un ty whi c h has ma d e ra pid dur ing the pas t yea r. Sl ebec h, vhi c h is ," e ry near Lo Prcton, t he p r ope rt y of th e yo un g Baro n de Rut ze n, was one of the ol d st r on g h ol d s of t h e Ord e r of S t. ] o hn , a nd ?ach ).'ear a Com m emoration Se n icc is h e ld in t h e old ch ape l In which man)' of t he K n ig h ts of S t. John a r e b uri ed. The annua l i nspect io n of t he P ontybe r e m A m b ula nce Bngade and Cadet D iv isions w as h eld at t he P ontybe r e m CouIl c il Schools on Satu r day, Ju ne 7 t h 1930, un de r th e c.?f:ll11and of S u pt. C Yo u ng, assiste d by A m b O ffice r R.

T'.llIs and Cadet E J. G ri ffit h s. Th e in s p ec tin g offic.er was. CommIssioner E. D . J ones, o f L1 a n ell y Afte r Inspect ron CO lll m issio n e r gave a le ngt hy a ddr ess o n

B r.rgade work In gl' ne r a l , an d poi n te d ou t t h e imp o r ta nce of bClng attache d to t he B r igade , a nd th e be n efits occ urrin gfr om same

Prince of Wa le s Coll ieries Ambulance

Co mp e ti tion .

'I'll TRTY - FOU R tea m s c o mp e t ed f o r the " G o dfre y B rooks" Ch a ll enge Shi eld on S at urda y , Jun e 7th a t Po nt ef r ac t. A m o n g th e entra nt s we r e the team w h o r ece ntl y won the" Wood Sh ie ld final, but t h ey we r e no t i n th e fir s t four. The Sh ie ld w as wo n by Whitw o od Colliery No . 1 t ea m w ith 24 0 marks. Tetl ey s Brew e ry w i t.h 22 7 marks, and Denaby Ma i n COllI.e ry Wit h W o oll ey Colliery g ot a s p eC ia l pn ze as th e hl a- h es t l ose rs."

T h e w inn e rs of th: indi vidu a l t es ts w e re : _

1, \ V H A de, Wh it w ood Coll ie r y ; 2 , F Wilson, l\. I a in Co lli e ry ; 3, A Bo x , Denaby

i\ I a ll1 Co llI e ry

D r. Ru sse ll, VI/ a k efi e ld, and D H 1 r. ess e , P o nt ef r a c t , were the adjudicator s .

fetters to the

We are in no way respon s ible fo r t he opin ion s exp ressed, or he statements made, by Co rr esponden ts. - EDlTOR

PROMOTION IN THE BRIGADE.

SIR ,I s h o uld l ik e to ex press m y a dmira ti o n fo r th e m e th od a d o pted by th e H ea dqu a rte rs St a rr of th e N e w S o uth W a les Di st r ct for promotion of N.C O s a tho ugh I th ink that an a nnual r e -exa minati o n is n ecessa r y Co uld it n ot be a d opt ed throu g h o ut th e Bri gad e? Our prese nt sys te m s ee m s t o pr odu ce m e n of wh om th e m a j o rity ar e h elpl ess , ho peless a nd n e ith er u se nor or na m e nt. If a nyo n e di sa pproves of m y le tte r le t th c m k ee p th e ir eyes a nd ea rs o p e n a t th e a n n u a l in s p ect ion - I a m, Sir, fa ithfull y yo ur s,

C. J WIlIT E

9 , N a pi er- roa d, T o tt e nh a l11, N.17.

ARTIFICI A L R E SPIR ATION. DEAR SIR, Th e le tt e r of Dr va n d e r S te mp e l, whi c h a pp eared in th e April iss u e of FIR ST AID , w ill be r ea d with th e k ee n est inte r es t by a ll h ose wh o s ub sc ri be t o yo u r va lu a bl e j o urn a l. W e s h o uld , as yo u s u ggest in yo ur edit o ri a foot n ot e, lIk e to h ear fur t h e r fr o m Dr. va n d e l' S te mp e exac tl y as to h e co ns id e r s th e S c h a fe r m e th od as unph ys iolog ica l bu t , In t he m ea ntim e th e foll ow in g poin ts co n ce rnin g thi s m e th od o f a rtifi c ia l r es pira ti o n a r e ve r y int er es tin g S ydn ey H oll a nd, b e t te r kn o wn as Vi sco un t Knut s fo rd of L o nd o n H os pi ta l fa m e, h as w ri tte n a b oo k ca ll ed " ] n Bl ac k a nd Whit e " a nd , in o ne of t h e c h a p te r s , h e g ves a pa th et ic acco un t o f a g h as tl y acc id e nt at th e M ay races a t in a p oo r g irl lost h er life thr o u g h d m wl1-

1l1 g H e d esc nb es h o\-v breat hin g w as r esto r ed by m ea n s of th e Srh este r m et h od but, unfort un a t ely, s h e di ed durin g th e ni g h t fr o m a ruptur ed liv e r-o ne of t h e d a n ge r s of th e Sil ves t e r m e th od I qu ote t h e foIJ o win g in th e wr i te r' s o w n w o rd s : _ " M y ne ph e w , Dr. W a lt er Fl e t ch er (n ow Si r W a lt e r Fl etc h e r , F R. S ), w as. S e ni o r Tut o r at Trini ty at Lh at tim e, an d h e dr e w m y atte n tIO n t o th e S ch afe r m et h od of r esto r ati o n p ointin g o u t th at t w as m ore ce rt a in a nd easie r to ca rry o ut - be in g a o n e a nd n ot a fo ur m a n t as k -a nd t h a t th e d a n ge r of frac turin g t h e li ve r was mu ch less I as k e d him wh et h e r h e w ould g ive a lect ur e 0 11 th e S c h a fe r met h od.

H e ag- r eed, a nd Mr. H e nr y, of th e L ife -S a vi n g S oc iet y oo k u p th e m atte r m os t e n e r-ge ti ca lI y, a nd co ll ecte d r epr ese nt a -

tI ves O f a ll t h e lea din g s wimmin g club s in En g la nd in th e o pe ra tin g th ea tre of th e L o nd o n H os pit a l. I d o ubt if a n y lec tur e b a d s uch a r a pid or wid es prea d r es ult. W a lte r Fl et ch e r s h o wed th at by t h e S c b afe r m eth od, h c co uld m a k e a m a n inh a le a nd ex ha le n ea rl y twi ce as mu c h as h e co uld wh e n br eat hin g n o rm a ll y. T o d e m o n st ra te thI S, Mr. Arthur Elli ott , n o w th e S ec r e ta r y of t he 'L o nd o n' was put o n a n o per.at in g t a bl.e, a nd , by a n e labo ra t e m e n t o f rubb e r lu b Ill g a nd dr a ls , th e a m o unt of a ir inh a led a nd ex h a led w as r eg is te r ed. Th e d e mon st r at io n w as c on -

vin c in g a nd d ec is i ve, th o ug h El lio tt h a d a b a d tim e fo r a m om ent, as th e r e was a kink in on e of th e tub es, a nd h e was n ea rl y s uffoca t ed b efo r e it w as di sco ve r ed. Th e crrec t o n s wimm in g- w o r:ld imm edi a t e: th e Life-S a vin g

SO.CteLY a ll ItS dnlI-boo k s, a nd orga ni se d a n e w drrll teac hin g th e S c ha fe r m eth od , whi c h is th e o n e u se d t o-

d ay in En g la nd a nd th e C o lo ni es ." Th e Lif e-S av in g S oc e ty w e re n ot a l o n e in t h e ir a d o pti o n of t h e S ch afer m e th od as aga in s t th e Sil veste r a nd it will be of g r eat int er es t t o h ea r th e Contin e nta l o bj ec ti o n Yours t ru ly , Ip s wi ch

A. H. W. MOFFAT

Rat/way Ambulance Ne w s.

Inter-Railway A nl bulance Competition.

T h e fi n a l compe ti t i o n was he ld o n Fr iday, May 23r d , a t th e No r thamp t o n Po l ytech n ic Inst i tute, L on d on , for t h e C h allengc S hi eld and pri zes g i ve n b y th e Order of St J oh n and fo r h e cup p r esente d by Dr. N. Corbet

F le t ch e r.

Th ere can b e 110 do u bt as to the ent hu s i asm of r a il waymen fo r t h e ambu lancc movcment, and t h osc who v is it ed th e competit ions werc wc ll repa id for t h e time spent, by t h e exccll ent efficiency shown by the comp e titors

Th e Ju dgcs were Dr. K. H Beve rl ey, M.R.CS., L.R. C P. , of Worsbro' Da le (T eam and No 2); D r. A. S. H o ld en M.B., C h .B., of P r esto n (Nos. 1, 3, 4, a n d 5)

A t t h c pr i ze di str ibu t ion Li e u t-Gen . S ir A ylme r

Hu ntc r -Westo n , K CB. , D.S.O who p r esided, apo log ised fo r th e unavo idable absence of t h e Rt. H o n . ]. H .

Th omas, P.C, M.P , L o r d P ri vy S ea l.

S ir Perciva l W il k i nso n announced t h e r es ul ts as fo ll ows :-

1. Southern (Wate rl oo "A")

2 London Miclland and Scottish (Live r poo l, Nort h Docks)

3 London MidlancL and Scott is h (C r ewe, Mach ine S h op)

S 6 7 8 9

4. Great Western (Newport, A lexandra

Docks)

London and North-Eastern (Hull ) Southern (Horsham)

L ondon and No r th-Eastern (Parkston)

Metropolitan

Great Western (Newpo r t, Dock Stre et) Maxim u m marks obta i nab l e, 455

T h e prizes were presented b y Si r H aro ld H artley, D.S O. (Vice-President of h e L. M S Rai lway), who had kind l y consented to take M r. J. H T h omas's place.

Th e resu l t shows anoth e r win fo r the Southern Rai lway, th is being· the seventh time dur ng the last ten that t h e So u thern Rai l way or i t s associated compa111es have been s u ccessful.

The tests were as fo ll ows:-

TEXIVf T EST

Yo u fo u r men are attending a po l itical meeting- i n a l a r ge h a ll w h en yo u s u dden ly see a ma n meet wit h an acc ident. Act as yo u sh ou ld

Time a ll owed, 20 min u tes, beginni n g w h e n t h e accident h app e ns.

NOTE FOR JUDGE.-Patient to be aid between two r O\-'I's of movah le ch airs, on h is left sidc, right arm folded u n cler ch est) left arm extended in front of body Head low and r esti n g on l eft ann, legs laid onc on the ot h er an d flexed at k n e e s Left leg to he kept turned outwards

R ed pa int o n rig h t calf and b l ue paint on left wrist.

Thr ee bys t ande r s

P r ompt ly p r oceed to inju r ed man

K eep bac k crowd

T o a r easonable d istance

Di stract attention of crowd by :-

Ask ing speake r to conti nu e o r organ ist to p l ay

o r ga n

O rd e r attendants to open exit doors (Stated)

Ask i f d octo r p rese n t in crowd (No)

Inquir e f r o m a t ten d a n t : - (J udge 'l.ui./l all swer)

Re ambu lance mate r ial (IIuversuc and str etcher etc.) in Caretaker's Room) :

Dispatch bearer to obtain same

Inq ui re re:-

Telephone? (3 minutcs walk)

(If bearer sent, to be out 5 minutes )

Doctor? (Half a away, probably Old)

Hospital? ( 1 mile away )

Ambu lance? (Will be waiting when you ar e read}')

Remove chai r s to a reasonable distanc e

Speak to patient asking where pain is? (N o answer)

Loosen tight clothing

EXAlI-IINATION OF PATIENT

Feel P u lse ( 120, weak)

Breath ing? shallow)

Any abnormal smell in breath? (No)

Examine scalp, temples and back of h ead (Nor7llal )

Examinc ca r s and nose for bleeding (N il)

Examine mouth (Normal)

Examine eyes. Size of pupils? (Norlllal in si ze)

Pupils equal ? (Yes)

Pupils react to light? (React slowly)

E yes bloodsho t ? (No)

Examine colour of face? (Pal e)

Tempe r ature? (Subnormal)

Examine right a r m, fo r earm, and hand (N onll al )

Examine collar bones and scapulce (N or1ll al)

Examine left ann and forea r m (Normal)

Examine left wrist (N E.-Covcred with blu e grease pain t)

Is wrist swollen? (Yes)

Is there irregularity of bone? (No)

Any abnormal mobility? (No)

Left hand? (N oY1llal)

Gent ly tu rn pati ent on to his back

Head low and inclined to one side

Examine chest

Is he coughing up blood?

(No, he has fractur ed 9th and 10th ribs 7.C'h erc hc hit cha.irs on fallillg)

Examine abdomen (N onllal)

Examine pelvis (Norlllal)

Examine right thigh and leg (Clothes dalllp and stained O7.'e /' right calf) (N E -Wound indicat ed 011 calf of right leg by paint)

Examine l eft leg

Is left foot turned outwards (Y es )

Any apparent shor t ening of leg ? (Y es, there is a fracture of th e ned of the lef t f Clllur)

G ently incline patient ov e r to lef t side

Support patient there by rug roll e d up

TRE.\T1IENT OF CONCUSSION.

Keep head l ow and on one side

C;end t o Caretaker s room for cold watcr

Apply bandages wr u ng out of cold water Lo head

Renew frequent ly

mel ling salts to nose

TRE \T:\IENT OF FR \CTURED RIBS

Two hroad banclages

Applied correctly and firmly

Left arm in large arm sling

TRE,\T:\IEXT OF SPRAINED \ VRIST.

Bandage around left wrist

T h o r oug hl y wctted

Nos. 1 and 3 are alone in a building roofed with glass when a workma.n through the roof to the ground.

They see blood ISSLll11g from a wound on the left side of his neck An ambulance haversac and two blankets arc available, and they are required to render first aid in eight minutes.

N? 2 is .requ!:ed in five minutes to (i) Describe a J 0111t (11) the varieties of Joints; and (111) Give what mformation he can concerning any particular Joints mentioned in the first aid textbook No.4 is in the porters' room when a porter rush es in with his mouth wide open. He -attempts to speak, but cannot be understood, and then points to his mouth from which fluid is trickling. It transpires that he been struck on the jaw, which is dislocated. An ambulance haversac is available. First aid to be rendered in eight minutes.

No. 5 is called into a house where a man has been carried from the street. On asking the patient what he

June, 1930.

complains of he says that he was running for a tram when a dog flew at him, seve rely biting his left calf. H e fell and thi nks he has sprained his left ankle. His leg is also bleeding from the bite. On examniation t here is a suspected fracture of the left fibula. An ambulance haversac is available. First aid to be render ed in eight minutes.

MY IMPRESSIONS AS A JUDGE.

By K. H AROLD BEVERLEY, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

First of all I desire to make it quite clear that all the teams who took part in this Competition were very ""veil trained, each man satisfying me that he knew his work well. I am quite sure that, given his own everyday surroundings, free from the excitement of competition} each member would capably carry out his First Aid treatment with credit to himself and the organisation to which he belongs.

Regarding the test, the work done was good, but the competitors require a little more imagination. They were told they were in a large hall attending a political meeting -hence a lar ge crowd. Most of the teams either did not take the trouble to keep back the crowd, or did so in a half hearted manner and not 1:0 a reasonable distance. No attempt was made to distract the attention of the crowd from the accident. In such a crowd a medical man is likely to be present, and yet no question on this point was asked by several of the teams. Chairs were purposely placed around the patient to incommode the teams. Despite their being freely movable, several teams preferred to work in a hampered manner in preference to removing the chairs. Want of keen observation too was noticeable, for when the patient was turned over the left foot was kept averted, but several teams failed to notice this quickly, and asked for further signs of the damage to the patient indicated by the position of the foot. Most of the teams found it eventually. I should l ike to see more attention given to covering a patient, who always has a certain amount of shock, cven in minor accidents, and the cold felt by him is intensc. There were plenty of blankets at hand but they were ignored. If a number of blankets are available one should always be placed upon the stretcher beneath the patient. The cold is always felt more beneath than above and this point deserves attention. In loading the stretcher I should lik e to have seen greater care. One team at least caught the patient badly with the stretcher handles. The passing of the stretcher under the pa tient by a bystander, of which they were several, would certainly have improved the loading in a case with such multiple inj uries. When the teams were told they were dealing with a lunatic they would immediately understand h e had tried to commit suicide, yet they failed to look for other sources of danger by which the patient might further injure himself, such as firearms or knives. I suppose this was natural under the acute tension of competitive work, yet the best First Aider is the man who can keep himself cool and collected, even under the most trying circumstances. The restraint of the lun atic on the stretcher was no1: done too well.

As a last criticism let me add that in several of the teams the four men were all inclin ed to talk at once. This irritat es a Judge, who cannot list e n to them all simultaneously. A great deal of the chatter was totally unnecessary, e.g., "Passing the bandages under the natural hollows of the body, Doctor." Remember the Judge is very observant and notes such things for himself. It is far better to address the Jud ge one at a time, and then on some rel evant point tbat cannot be demonst rated , or to ask some question for information on a

June, 1930. FIRST

poinl that is not obvious. There was plenty of time and to spare in which to complete the test, and yet some of the teams wasted it hy talking instead of each man doing his allotted work.

I would suggest that each member of the team should take definitely defined work, e.g , No.1, providing ambulance material, doctor, hospital, ambulance, etc.; No.2, noting- surroundings, dealing with crowd, obstrnctions, etc.; No.4, examining the patient; and No.3, preparing for and attending to such injuri es as No.4 has directed whilst No. 4 is continuing his examination, etc The stretcher, too, could always be prepared during this time. This understandin g and co-operation was definitely lacking in most of the teams.

Finally, I should like to add that the winning team did the test so well that they left one with the impression that they were merely demonstrating to an audience work with which they were quite familiar. As they were the last team to compete I sincerely hope that all the others witnessed their performance and duly marked and learned how the work was intended to be done.

I thoroughly enjoyed my work as a Judge and felt

A I D. 319

fulness and efficiency in treating their man, and the fact that a dummy patient was dropped from the balcony doubtless helped the competitors to keep in mind the nature of the case with which they were called upon to deal. The dummy was the only attempt to stage the test and as the case was supposed to have occurred in a hall similar to that in which the competition was held, additional staging- was, presumably, not deemed necessary.

One point which struck the spectator was the absence of really young men among the competitors-some of the veterans who took the floor must have been coming to the Inler. fmal for many years We were pleased, of course, to see them, and hope to see them again, but it was remarked more than once that the younger generation was not represented-no new blood seemed to be finding its way into the final areJ<1a.

Another point was the omission of teams generally to make full use of the three "bystanders" who played their parts well by continually crowding round the patient. IIere and there a little use was made of one or another, but the general tendency was to ignore them as potential assi tants.

Inter-Railway Ambulance Final.

Sir

throuo'hout that I was dealing with men who had made up their b mind to do their best, but who realised Lhat all could not win, amI that if they were not. sLlccessful this time they would not be downhearted, but 111 a real sporting spirit would come again and hope for better fortune next time.

IMPRESSIONS OF A PROVINCIAL.

ConoTaLulations to all concerned on the 1930 " Inter."

The 1:> tests imposed this year (excepting the "viva" for No.2) were excellent. The" patient" in the team test certainly had a " nasty packet," and It IS small wonder some of the teams thought they had the full talc be10re more and yet more inj uries were disclosed. Surely a busy twenty minutes was required for any team, however expert, to "put him up" according to book. The teams generally displayed conSIderable resource-

The team test was well selected to emphasise that which FIRST AID has consistently adYocated, i.e., that the patient" should )Jot be a member of the team. Here \-yas a perfectly passiYe, nay, immobile, patient who had to be secured by straps, etc., to the stretcher to restrain his exertions! An independent and tra1l1ed patient (as supplied in the incli\'idual te ts) would have made this test both alive and rcal.

The inc1iyic1ual tests were indeed c...'Ccellent, and year's attendance of interested spectators the decision of those responsIble for th rowlllg thiS of the contest open to the public. The opinion is gaining ground Lhat the tests a:oe really tnt more important side of the competition. far more likely to be called upon to render first aId mdlyidually or in pairs than they are in teams, and anything which t.he real IS the marl' desirable in a competitIOn of thIS k1l1d.

Harold HarLl ey (Vice-President, L.l\I. S.) presenLing the Challenge Shield to the Southern Rail way, vVaterloo "A" team.

There is, moreover, an idea abroad that the objects of these competitions (as defined in the rules) are not a/zC'oys so much in the forefront as they should be. Take the individual test for No. 2-a long "viva" with a five minutes' time limit) and of a kind which does not test the ability of the competitor to do anything. After all, it is what is done that helps a patient in an actual emergency. To be able to repeat the textbook word for word (forwards or backwa rds) does not help him one iota. This is a competition (not an examination), designed to test the ability of the competitors to deal with cases of real emergency, and practical first aid is surely the objective.

Before leaving the individual tests a word of praise is due to the t. patients" provided, particularly the one with the dislocated jaw, who entered into the spirit of the thing so realistically.

So much for the tests; but there is another side (I was about to say a "more important side ") to this contest, for it is also the gathering of the veterans The social side means much for men who meet but once a year from various parts of the country and who look forward to this occasion to renew old friendships and recount reminiscences of past years.

It was good to see so many medical men present, adjudicators for the various companies' contests, not only hom Lon.don, but also from the Provinces. They, too, were cnl1cal spectators of the proceedings. We were all glad to see them and have the opportunity of a chat outside the roles 0 f competitor and judge.

Others will doubtless record the contest from the ufficial side, and pay tribute to the winners and losers alike, and it only remains for a mere provincial to say that. hIS ImpreSSIons are here penned in a spirit of helpful cntlclsm to try and make the event which we all look forward to yet more helpful and enjoyable.

Great Western .

GOLD MEDALLTSTS' OUTIl G AT PLYMOUTH.

G.W.R. Ambulance Gold Medallists, i.e. holders of the Con:pany's award for 15 years' first aid efficiency, held theIr eIghth annual outing at Plymouth on Saturday May 2-l-th, when those participating numbered about 500:

Many of the medallists) were accompanied by their WIves, and they came from all parts of the extensive Great Western Railway system. Many had travelled overnIght for the purpose and the proceedings commenced WIth at the .Guildhall at mid-day, when Mr J. F. Leal:, PnnClpal ASSIstant to the General Manager and Cha.lrman of the Ambulance Committee, who was accompal11ed hy 1\'lrs. Lean) presided over the gathering.

In the course of hIS address Mr. Lean observed that the Company's gold medal had recently been awa.rded, and that 111 addition 326 gold bars for 20 years' effiCIency had. been distributed no less than 82 Quarter CeI:tury effiCIency medals- a hIghly creditable record of whIch the C;ompany was proud. The Ambulance movement, he saId, the spirit of true brotherhood an? and the greatest joy of life lay in the pnvllebe of affordl11g serVIce to one another.

The l\Iayor (Alderman J. Churchward) welcomed the company to Plymouth and referred in the hie-hest terms to the noble cause which they had expoused b He hoped they would .all spend an enjoyable clay and take back happy me1l1ones of Plymouth. Among others present at the luncheon were the l\Iayoress) the Deputy

I D. Jun e , 1930.

Mayor and Mayoress (Alderman and Mrs. R. R. Oke), Mr. J. Moses, M.P.) Sir Frederick Winnicolt, Mr. J. R. (District Goods Manager)) Mr. H S. B. Whitley (Divisional Engineer), Mr. E. H. Dannatt (Divisional Superintendent), Mr. A. W. H. Christison (Divistonal Locomotive Superintendent), Mr. A. Edwarde (Dock Superintendel1t) and a number of local officials of the Company and of Ambulance organizations.

A fter the luncheon most of the party took a two and a half hours' sea and river trip on the Company's new yessel "Sir John Hawkins," while others explored Plymouth's many beauty spots and places of historic interest, all again assembling at the Guildhall for tea, before dispersing for their several home stations throughout the C.W.R. territory. During the tea interval Mr. R. C. odder (Divisional Ambulance Secretary) Plymouth) and his Committee, ,yere warmly thanked on behalf of the party for the excellent arrangements made for the comfort and enjoyment of all concerned and the outin o was unanimously voted a successful one in eyery respect and a worthy successor to a series of enj oyablc gatherings

A SHU TER'S WEEK-END.

Under the above title, the June issue of the G.W R. l\Iagazine has a short article which throws light on the work being carried out by railway trained Ambulance men to the victims of road accidents. The article records some remarkably efficient first aid rendered by Mr. L. B. Kitto, a G.W.R. shunter, of Neath) on April 26th and 27th .

On the evening o£ the former day, he was able to afford skilled assistance to two victims of a collision between a cyclist and a motor-cyclist) both of whom were suffering from wounds and shock. Early the following morning, he was again able to demonstrate his first aid skill, this time to three patients who had been seriously inj ured as the result of a motor lorry and trailer getting out of control. But for the prompt and efficient treatment rendered) it would appear that a life would have been seriously endangered. Both the doctor ul timately concerned and the Superintendent of Police have expressed thanks and appreciation of the skilled assistance afforded by 1\1r. Kitto) who) in the words of the article had spent "a memorable week-end of humanitarian service."

London, Midland and Scottish .

ABERGAVENNY.-:-" Ambulance work is an important factor II}- raIlway Ide to-day, and the public have the satIsfactIOn of that if an accident happens on the raIlway they wIll be properly and promptly looked after," saId M1'. H. Tait, District Traffic Superintendent, \'·;ho preSIded at the distribution of awards to members of the Ahergavenny L.M.S. ambulance class recently .

Speaking of the Ahergavenny Centre, Mr. Tait said work still maintained the high standard It achIeved in the past. It was true that they had not qUIte swept the board regarding competition, but nevertheless the standard of the class had been excellent. The Ambulance l\lovement on the L.M.S. Railway system showed a continuolls and steady growth.

Lady Mather J 3.ckson) who presented the awards, saId they all knew and appreclated the splendid work by the ambulance men There was no time when It was more needed than the present. The ambulance men were ready to help in all emergencies, and they as a

Jun e , 1930. FIRST

nation should be grateful to them for undertaking th at work.

A p leas ing interlude was the preselltation of a £ounttain pen and pencil to Dr. G. W. Parry, who has given the class valuab le assistance. 11r. F. J. Mansfield, who made the presentation, said it was to show the affection and gratitude of the members for the doctor.

Drs T. E. Lloyd and G. W. Parry, and the local SecretarIes (Messrs E O. Williams, W. Hall and T. Michael) were- warmly thanked) on the proposition of Mr. F J. Mansfield

Dr. Parry paid tribute to the work of Capt. S. T. I'kard, O.B.E., and the class Secretaries.

LONGSIClIT.-The annual concert and presentation of awards took place on May 24th.

Mr. C. Wood presided and made a few encouraging remarks to those present Mr. G. Fern) District Controller, presented the awards to the members of the elass

NEWTON HEATlI.-The annual presentation of awards in connection with the ambulance class at the Carriage and Wagon Works, ewton Heath) took place on May 21st

During the evening, two 20-year long service gold bars were presented. Forty-three me.mbers of the class have been successful in winning labels, medals and certificates.

Occasion was also taken to present the prizes won at a shop competition, which was organised amongst the members of the class) together with the President's prize to the member of the works cricket team obtaining the highest batting average during the season. Mr. N. Sissons, Secretary of the ambulance class) gave a short report on the year's work, after which he called upon Mr. Arthur Crossley to present Dr. Arnold) the class lecturer, with a cut-glass vase.

During the year Mr. Abraham Sumner, the oldest member of the class, retired from the service, and as a mark of appreciation Mr. E. F. Merritt, the Works Superintendent, presented him with a gold Albert, subscribed for by members of the ambulance class.

Mrs Merritt very graciously made the presentation to the various members of the class

PETERBOROUGII.-The first annual dinner and presentation of awards of the centre was held on May 19th. 1\11'. W. J. Blake) of Derby, the Divisional Welfare Supervisor, presided

The toast of the L.1\I.S. Ambulance Section was proposed by Mr. R. Buck. The instructor (Dr. ]. E. Allan, Peterborough), was thanked on the motion of Mr. F. Shaw.

The certificates were presented by Mrs. Allan.

Of the candidates, 100 per cent. passed the tests.

During the evening, a presentation was made to Dr. Allan on behalf of the centre by l\lr. E Buck. The Secretary of the class, Mr. P. J. Dobson, received a presentation on behalf of the class from 1\1r. ]. c. Pretell.

Canadian National Railways.

Particulars of the three new First Aid instruction cars, equipped with emergency hospitals, which have now been put into active service, have been sent us.

Dr. ] ohn McCombe) Chief l\1edical Officer of the

A I D.

Canadian National Railways, turned his early attention to the work of First Aid in outlying' areas. He saw the peed of sending instructors out and overcoming the difficulties of distance and comparative isolation. Accordingly he planned the construction of three First Aid instruction cars.

To make them more useful, he incorporated a miniature hospital, complete in almost every detail. The first of these cars left the London car shop at the end of February, and the others in 1\larch. Each will be devoted to work in the Central, Western and Atlantic regions. Their Excellencies, the Governor-General and Lady Willingdon, Patrons of the St. John Ambulance Association, were the first to inspect the unique cars when placed on public view at Ottavva. With them were Sir Henry and Lady Thornton, Hon. Dr. ]. H. King, Federal Minister of Health and Mrs. King; Colonel C. A. Hodgetts, Director-General of the St. John Ambulance Association; VV. D. Robb) vice-President of the Canadian National Railways; and Dr. ] ohn McCombe.

As they passed through the various compartments, Their Excellencies kept up a rapid fire of questions. Mr. .T acob Weis, Instructor in charge of the Car, explained the multi-coloured charts which hung from the wall, whilst 1\11'. A. O. Beck, Chief Organizer of First Aid for the National System, explained the various facilities.

Dr. John McCombe described the workings as follo\\'s :-

" Each car, in charge of a competent instructor, will be sent to divisional points, to remain until such time as all available employees have receiyed a full course, after which the cars will proceed to points that haye not previously had the benefit of first aid instruction. In this way, OLlr Department will reach, for the first time, enginemen and trainmen, agents and section workers, isolated from medical care and the ordinary channels of first aid instruction. The employees, after studying the course, will be examined for the awards of the St. John Ambulance Association."

Half of each car) a length of 30 feet and floored with linoleum, composes the lecture-room. At one end is aplatform with a blackboard regular first aid charts and moving picture screen for the demonstration of first aid methods. It has a space for 50 pupds and the seats are collapsible, so that the floor may quickly be cleared lor stretcher clrill.

A unique feature of the car is the miniature hospital. It is complete with an operating a bed w.hich folds down from the \\'a11, a chair for mll10r operatIOns, instrument table and sterilizer, and a host of other appliances.

Ambulance Co n tests in B

e lf a st .

DUBLIN and Belfast ambulance teams competed un Saturday, l\lay 31st, in the Iunicipal College of Technology, Belfast, for the Belfast Challenge Cu p, Ulster Red Cross Challenge Cup, and the Lord Mayor'S Cup, at the annual ambulance competitions in connection with the Ulster Centre of the Ubter S J.A A and the Ulster Joint V A.D. Committee

The followin 0' were J' ud aes :-1\Iajor J . H. C. t'> 1:> D 1Valker, Dr. Ian Fraser, l\lajor Swete Evans, r. S . Barron, Dr. E. Dewar, Dr. H. G. Calchyell,

Lieut.-Col. \iV. R. Dawson and Dr. A . H. SwifteTodd.

The results were as follows :-

1st, Belfast Fire Brigade; 2nd, \ lV & R. Jacobs & Co., Ltd., Dublin; 3rd, Broadstone, G . S. Railway; 4th, City of Dublin, S.J.A.B. : 5th, L.l\1.S. Railwav (N.C.C.); 6th, Brown & Nolan, Dublin.

The Belfast Fire Brigade therefore won the Belfast Challenge Cup and the Ulster Red Cross Cup, 'w hilst VV. & R. Jacobs & Co., Ltd., were adjudged the winners of the Lord Mayor's Cup.

There was also a competition for women for which four teams entered, and resulted in a win for the West Belfast No .1 team.

Sir Robert Kenned y presided over the competitions, whilst the prizes were distributed by General Young Reviews.

THE FAl\lILY DOCTOR.

By a General Practitioner.

London: Th e \Vm'erley Book Co., Ltd" 96 -97, Farringdonstreet, E. C 4-.

Caslz prt'ce JOs. net __ or by 1Il0ntll(I' paJlmenls.

pu:pose of this book is, accord in g to the publishers, to pronde Information that \\'ill enab le readcrs to m'oid disease, to rccognise early the symptoms of erious illness and to keep fIt and to deal with emergencies The book: howe\,er, is not to fit a layman to be his own doctor, but to tell when medical advice is necessary.

The. subjects, which cover a \'(;lSt ground, are arranged alphabcl1cally and supp lemented by cross reference, which it possible find any de c;in d information easi ly and qLl1ckly. Techlllcal terms, as far as possible, have been avoided in the de cription of diseases and methods of treatnlent.

O\:er 700 pages comprise the book, which is st rongly bound II: red cloth and 40 plates, 2 specia l fo ldin g plates, 111 deplctlng three VIews showing positions at 111 the human body and an a id to diagnosis of "anous di sorders, together with innumerable illustrations.

It is printed in clear, co ncise type, and s hould be of useful sen'icc to those who wish to increase their knowledge ill .this direction. Brief instructions for ew ryd ay sLlch as bleeding, burns, gas poisoning, sprains, etc., are gIven.

The \"ill be pleased to forward, post free, a prospectu g lVll1 g full details of the book, and easy payment system, to any of our readers on mentioning FlRST AID

To Erect a Monument to Henri Dunant.

COl\IPOSED of represen tati ves of the Swiss Red Cross Society, the International Red Cross Committee, the Swiss Samaritan All iance the Swiss Medical Association, the Army Service \ lVomen's Public Ut ilit y Society and the

Officers' Society, a committee has launched an appea l to the people of Switzerland for funds to e r ect a mausoleum to contain the ashes of Henri Dunant, the founder of the Red Cross movement. Dr. Dunant was buried in a wall of the cemetery at Zurich.

This appea l for funds is the outcome of the initial desire of the Swiss Samaritan Alliance , expressed some time ago, to provide a more fitting r esting place for the remains of the revered l eader of the Red Cross movement. The Zurich town council has donated a site for this purpose on an eminence close to the main entrance to the cemetery.

It is commendable of thc mcmber societ ies of the Swiss committee to carry forward this fine project in this, the twentieth year since his death on October 30th, 1910. Switzerland was so dear to his heart that in his wi ll Dunant bequeathed a large portion of his estate to beneficent works in his native country.

Yorkshire Collieries Ambulance League.

THE fina l of the" \lV ood" Shield com petItIOn was held on Saturday, May 31st, at the Unity Hall, \Vakefielcl.

The stretcher test consisted of a collier, while out in the country with his son, bird nesting, falls on his back across an old tree stump from the top of a high tree. The boy goes for assistance and hails men returning in an ambulance from an ambulance competition. The i njured man complains of severe pain across the back, and is unable to move his legs. He has a large ragged wound behind the knee join t, which has severed all the vessels His pulse is very weak and he only just conscious. The team has to render aid and carry him to the am bu lance, crossing a ditch and stone wall.

In addition there were fOUf individual tests.

The following were the results :-

1. Walter Haigh, \ Vood lesford, 260 marks out of possible 310.

2 Waleswood, Rotherham, 240.

3. Woolley, 226

4. Rothwell Haigh (Fanny Pit), 205

The judges were Drs. J. R. Fell and J. H. Aikman, both of York.

The shie ld was presented to the winners by Mr. E Schofield, Primrose Hill Colliery, ncar W oodlesford, who won the trophy last year.

When corresponding with advertisers kind!}' "FIRST AID."

Our Nurses' Pages. ..==----='--------

COMPILED BY AMBULANCE SlSTER.

No. 1 DISTRICT COMPETITIONS.-It. is with great regret that we learn from the Lady Superintendent of No. 66 (Toynbee Hall) Nursing Division that an error was made in last month's issu e in the r epo rt of the Brook's Efficiency Cup Competition, The results should hav e read as follows :-1} No. 39 (Temple) NursinO' Divisi on; 2, o. 8 (East I-lam) Nursing Division; 3, No. 66 (Toynhee Hall) Nursing Division.

1\Iay we offer our sincere apologies to East Ham and Toynbee Hall Nursing Divisions for the error and for any annoyance caused them?

S.J.A.E. COMPETITTONS AT ALDEBURGII.-Competitions were held at the Jubilee II all} Aldeburgh on Saturday, May 31st, the tests being open to teams from Nursing Divisions with headquarters in Suffolk coastal towns.

In the competition for the Aldeburgh Challenge Cup, the holders-AIde burgh-were not challenged. In order to retain the Cup for another year} however} they had to undergo a test and obtain 75 per cent. of the possible marks allotted. This they succeeded in doing. The judges were Lady District Superintendent Mrs. S. Porter and Lady District Officer Miss IIaggar} A.R.R.c.

Miss Haggar also l1dged the bedmaking, which test was open to Ambulance Sisters} BeccJes being the winners of the Cup, Aldeburgh coming second. In a similar test for girl cadets, Aldeburgh was aVl'arded first place, with Becc1es second, the judge in this instance be111g Lady Co rps Superintendent Mrs, Hodgson.

The Mayor of Aldeburgh welcomed the visitors, and expressed his gratification at the keenness displayed by all.

At the close of the competitions, Dr. MacEwan announced the results, and the trophies were presented by 1\liss Toulmin} to whom Nursing Cadet Peggy Orford presented a bouquet. The judges said that the work had reached a very high standard.

A vote of thanks \\as proposed by the PreSIdent, l\I1'. F. C. to the Mayor for attending, and to the judges for so kindly coming along to adj udicate.

DARLINGTON NURSING DIVISION, S J.A.B. - On Saturday, May 17th , at the Central Schoo}s, th e Darlinoton N ursino Diyision was 111spected by ASSIStant Comr;issioner F. P. Wilson, J.P., and Lady District Officer Mrs. 1. 1\1. Ritson} and also by 1\Iajor Cane} Medical Officer, Catterick Camp, and Capt. T: A. Bradford, D.S.O., County Controller} both of whIch officers represented the V\Ta I' Office.

Tests were given in practical AId a.nd HO.me Nursing, and in Drill. At the concluslOn the 111spect111g officers expressed thei r pleasure at the smartness} keenness and efficiency of the Division .

Wh en addressino' the members, Major Cane saId he would like each one b to endeavo ur to increase the size of the detachment. The officers were congratulated on the excellent manner in which the records were kept.

SHEFFIELD NURSING DIVISION, S.J.A.B.-Th e Annu a l Meeting was h eld on .May when an excellent record of work accomplIshed dunng the past year was

announced. The total number of duties carried out in 1929 was 2,31+-an increase oyer the past year of 121entailing 9,115 hours} 521 cases being treated. memhership of the Division had increased by 1S} bnng111g the total now to 55.

During the evening the Lady Divisional Supt., 1\liss M. vValler, presented the awards gained by members, these including 29 labels and 31 pendants. Service badges for three years' efficient service were also presented. A letter from a Sheffield resident was read in which the writer expressed his appreciation of the help given a.nd the kindness shown by one of the members to a relatIve of his who collapsed in the stre et

PRINCESS :;\bRY bSPECTS N. STAFFS S.J.A.B. DrvISIONs -1Iembers of 30 Divisions from N. Staffs assembled in the park of Sandon Hall} the residence of the Earl of Harrowby, on 1\Iay 18th, "here they were inspected by H.R.H. Princess )'Iary, wood and Sir Percival Wilkinson} ChIef CommISSioner, S,J .i.E. Six special trair:s needed to .bring the ambulance workers and theIr fnends from vanous parts of the county, and in all there about 1,-000 on parade under the command of CommISSioner S. \\. Malk111. By kind permission of the Earl of the park was thro'wn open to yisitors, who came 111 large numbers. The men and nurses marched from the entrance of the park, led by the band of the Royal Artillery C-r:erritorial Division), and formed up in an open space 111 front of the Hall.

Her Royal Highness motored over trom Weston Park, Shifnal} where she had spent the .f\. guard of honour composed of Boy Scouts and GIrl GUIdes was formed in the picturesque grounds of Sandon Park. The Princess \'\-'as receiyed at the entrance by the Earl and Countess of Harrowby, with whom she took lunch. In the afternoon accompanied by the Earl of Harro\vby, Major-General Sir Percival \Vilkinson} a?d other members of the house party. Her Royal HIghness walked across the park to where the nurses were dra\vn up, whom she proceeded to inspect. The whole ,?f parade th.en Clssembled in the quadrangle, and the Else. trophy \\ as presented to Cheddleton Division by th e ChIef CommIssioner. T'lk' 'd Addressing' the parade, Sir Percl\'al \\ I '111son that the ",as one of most noteworthy mIlestones in the history of the Bn gacle. !'hey had been o-reatly honoured by having H.R.H. Pnncess 1\Iary to the Nursing Divisions, and they. were O'ratefu l to the Earl of Harrowby for throwl11g .open and making the parade I?ossible. Dealmg WIth 'h k f the Brl'ao'de he saId that recent returns t e wor- 0 C I"- h db shovved thClt over 2,250,000 St. Jolm cerbficates a een issu ed. Many counties had theIr .road schemes weJl 1 d T 19?9 10 000 road aCCIdents were dealt WIth ve ope. n t d I by the Brigade men:bers, 'which meant that a grea eCl of suffering was relIeved.

B R C S V.A.D.s INSPECTED BY PRINCESS A; H .' the courtesy of Lord and Lady Sahsbllr), a rally was held in Hatfield Park on Saturday,

A I D. June, 1930.

June, 1930.

FIRST

A I D. 325

May 24th

Over 700 V.A.D .s were present, representing Hertforclshlre , Bedforc1shire, Buckinghamshire, City of London, and Rutland. H.R.II. Princess Mary, Com:nander-in-Chief of the RR.C.S., gracious ly attended and lllspected the detachments, afterwards taking the salute as they marched past. Following this the dominion visitors, who were oyer here for the Imperial Red Cross Conference, '""ere presented to her.

After the inspection, a demonstration of practical was given,. in w.hich the Princess appeared very A Field Kitchen was run by Herts V.A.D. The children were all at dinner in the camp mess tent when the tent collapsed and the littl e ones had to ext ric ated, by Beds. V.A.D., and treated for scalds burns and other serious inj t.-Jries, conveyed in the ambulance to the hospital, which was staffed by detachments from Herts, Bucks, City of London, and Ru tland.

There was also a model clinic, and a massage staff work, assisted by V.A.D.'s from Herts, and an Infant Welfare at which St. Albans Detachment helped.

The dIsplay was an excellent demonstration of the

in new administration and organisation examination whIch was very useful for all officers.

Col. Irvine said that he been watching very carefully work. they were d01l1g, and was quite satisfied wIth theIr effiCiency.

The results of the competitions were:-

TEAMS OF TEN UNDER SECTION-LEADER : -Stretcher drill, treatment of aCCIdent) and questions on injUl-ie s and Nursmg:. 1 2, Spilsby; 3, Brigg.

(Judges, Dr. GIlpm, Major G. Lowe and Dr. W ells-Cole.)

BANDAG!NG :-1, Mablethorpe; 2, Grimsby; 3, Louth. (J ]\lIIss Brewer, Matron) Grimsby Hospital and MIss Ladbrook e.) ,

BEDMAKING : -1,. Louth; 2, Cleethorpes; 3, Wragby. (J ud ges,. Mrs. Waddl11gton, Matron, Louth Hospital, and 1\1ISS WIlll11son.)

COOKING :-1, Wragby; 2, CIeethorpes· 3 Alford (Judge, Mrs. Meaney.) ".

AMBULANCE DRTVING :-1, Spilsby; 2, WoodhaII Spa; 3, L outh. (Judges, Capt. C E. Jay , and Capt. Paling.)

were. inspected on May 24th, by Col. Haughton. For the evemng, the r:oresters' lIall, in Kilburn High Road, was transformeL! ll1to a First Aid Station and Hospital, eqUIpped WIth an operating theatre. Numerous accidents and casualties of all kinds were realistically staged, the pabents hemg treated on the spot, and conveyed on stretchers to the hospital.

The Inspectihg Officer complimented the Division on its smart appearance and efficiency. The work had been vvell done, and the questions he had put to the members had been correctly answered. It was an out and out good performance, and he heartily congratulated them.

CoL H. Dixon, M .D. , appealed for more recruits. The work was not arduous and the knowledge gained was invaluable. He hoped that all the members present that evening would attend the parade of the County of London Branch, to be inspected by General Collins.

HANTS. V.A.D. 30 INSPECTION.-By kind permission of Mrs. John Ramsay, J.P., and Mr. T. Oborne, Fareham V A.D., Inspection took place at Cams Hall Park on Saturday, May 17th. Major Seely, RA.M.C., was the Inspecting Offic e r) and he was accompa ni ed by the County Director, Mr. NIoray Williams, and t h e County Staff Matron, Mrs. King. There were a large number of spectators. Mrs. Hulbert, the Commandant) was in charge of the parade, which was composed of 27 members.

After the inspection , a demonstration in practical work was given A model Firs t Aid Road Station had been erected A message was received that there had been a charabanc accident close by, to the scene of which members were quickly despatched. About a dozen "passengers " were found to be suffering hom severe inj uries, while othe rs had minor ones. First aid was promptly rendered, and medical aid and the ambulance summoned. On the arriva l of the doctors, further treatment was given where necessary, and the" injured" conveyed, on stretchers, to the ambulance and thence to the" hospital," where they were put to bed.

Major Seely praised the detachment for the excellent demonstration given, which, he said, was a further proof of their efficiency and general training. He also very kindly presented the medals, badges and cert ificates g·ained during the past year.

This detachment is open to receive new recruits At present the tolal membership is 18. Since the he ginning of the year, in addition to the ordinary trainnurse has attended for a fortnight's practical tral111l1g at the Lewes Victoria Hospi ta l, through the ]<lndn ess of the directors and staff there. Besides this a nurse bas provided for the East Sussex ClIl11c at Lewes. All this goes to prove the enthUSiasm both of the excellent Commandant, Miss R Byron, and of the m em bers themselves.

I tems (Divisional news and compelitiom, social, interesting duties, lectures, etc.), for this page sboold be sent to Ambulance Sister, c/o The E dito r, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon SI., L undon, E.C.4.

3'loints.

The Editor invites Note , on actual Cases- with special reference to good and bad points in Treatment-for inclusion in this Column.

RESCUED BY ALSATIAN DOG.

A man in this town ,'.'as playing with his Alsatian dOD" when it jumped and accidentally knocked him onto ground where he lay unable to move. His cries for assistance were for a time unanswered; but at las! the dog by it s barking and whining attracted the attention of a passerby who, investigating the cause of the dog's distress, discovered that in his fall the patient hall fractured his thigh. He accordingly took appropriate action, set the broken limb ,vith improvised material, and later arranged for removal of patient to hospita1.-P. B., 'Windsor.

EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL.

and Nursing Division Team, winners of the Leeds Cor s Shield Names, left to rwht: K Crossley C Fo t D R G M· · p. D M.· M. Headd (captain), work done by the B.R.C.S in peace time. Before she left, H.RH. Pnncess Mary expressed her admiration for all that .she had seen, and trusted that the rally would encourage the peace-time work of the Society.

The proceeds of the rally amounting to £250 w·ll be devoted to the Herts branch of the RR.CS . I

. COMPETITIONS AT WELL VALE.-The annual 111spectlon and competitions of the N. Lincs branch of the RR.CS. were held on May 29th, at Well Vale, near Alford, by the kmd permission of Ma· and Mrs. W. H. RawI?sley, t!le latter being the of branch. \he mspectlOn was carried out by Col. gV111e, Deputy Director of Medical Services, Northern V. ark, and Dame Beryl Oliver, D.R.E., RR.C Addl ess111g the detachments Dame Beryl 01· t I I 1 .,. Iver congra u atec t lem on their smart appearance and on the progress they had made. She hop ed that within the n ext two they: would have the honour of bein g inspected y .H. PrIncess Mary. She ur ged them to compete

RECRUITS-BEDMAKING:-l, Louth; 2 Alford; 3 Gnmsby. "

BANDAGING :-1, Mablethorpe; 2, Firsby· 3 Cleethorpes , judges of the last two were the same as for the senIOr competitions.

The Home Cup and Efficiency Shield were won by Louth being placed second Alford third and fourth. "

A was awarded to Miss Johnson, of Grimsby for submltt111R. the best paper of all the detachm ents.

The trophies presented by Mrs Rawnsley, who t]hSanked the competitors for turning up in such numbers detachments being represented.

There was a number of people present during the afternoon to WItness the proceedings.

WEST HAMPSTE AD DIVISION V.A.D. INSPECTION.FIfty members of the RR.CS.) attached to London V.A.D 10, London V.A.D. 76, and London V.A.D. 132,

Th e County Director also expressed his pleasure at such a show of efficiency. As proof of the high opinion in which he held the Fareham detachment, he would like to mention that some months ago he had asked Mrs. Hulbert to become his Assistant County Director.

V.A.D. INSPECTION AT LEWEs.-Women of L ewes and district, who were interested in the work of the B.R.CS., formed a new detachment in September of last year, which was officially recognised in November as Sussex V .A.D. 4S. Their first War Office Inspection took place on Saturday, May 17th, the Inspecting Officer being Col. Macdonald. The Sussex Territorial Army Association very kindly placed the chapel of their headquarters (the old Naval Prison (Lewes) at the disposal of the detachment.

The room was arranged as a ho spital ward containin g three medical and three surgical "cases." Kitchen and quartermaster's stores were also provided After the inspection friends interested in the work were allowed to visit the" ward."

Col. Macdonald made a very careful examination of the work performed, questioning the members at the same time. IT e insp ected the equipment, at the completeness of which he complimented the detachment, especia lly in view of t he fact that they had been established such a short time.

A girl employed in a stationer's shop was 1110ying round the counter when her dress caught fire from a gas sto\'ed and blazed. A young man passing by the shop heard her screams and dashed to her assistance. Snatching up a rug which lay on the counter, he wrapped it round the girl and told her to lie on the ground . Then he rolled her on the floor until the flames \\'e re extinguished. Next, having secured the attentions of a doctor who dressed the resultant burns, he quietly walked away. a67" Being in a state of agitation and feeling faint after his exertions, the young man took two glasses of whisky, and ""ithin half an hour of his rescue of the girl, found himself charged by the police with being drunk and disorderly. Fortunately for him tlJe magistrate next day, when all the facts were explained, took a leni ent view of the case and, r8cognising that the man's conduct was in great measure du e to nen·ous excitement, discharged him with a caution.A.N., Blandford.

? I. ':" The AaD" day held by the West Ham Diyision, S.J..:\. B., recenLly, resulted in a collection of £1e5 13s . 'fd. J) E

The re ult of the flag day held on Saturday, l\Iay 17th, in a id of the Southall Diyision, S.].A. B., was £55 19s. 10d.

Th e Kippax Di\·ision, S.J.,\. B., lost, by the death of Pte. A. Reyi s :on f ay 14th, an ardent worker. The Division was strong ly represented aL the internmenl, which on May 17th.

Queries and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the following rules ;-

I. -Letters containing Queries must be lI'arked on the lop left hand corner of the envelope" Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4.

2.-AIl Queries must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from the current issue of the J(1urnal, or, in case of Queries from abroad, from a recent issue.

3.-The Textbook, to 'Which reference may be made in these columns is the 38th 1I928) Edition of S J. A. A. Manual of First Aid.

FRACTURE OF FORE.\Ri\I.

R., (vVaunarlwydd).-For Fracture of Forearm the Textbook (Rule 3, p. 71) tells us to apply "the other baIldas ngure-of-eight round wrist and 11anc1." The diagram, ho\\ cver, sho\\'s bandage round and \I rist." The latter seems to fit more firmly in practice. Your opinion will be appreciated

vVith regret I disagree your explanation of Fig. 38; and note that the knot of the bandage is tied over the first turn. also disagree your suggestion that this bandage would be 11l0re suitable if applied to "band rind wrist"; and I prefer the Textbook method because the upper turn is applied before the lo\\'cr tUrll. - N. C. F.

A I D.

qualify for Ambulance OHicer in a shorter period; but the same routine must be followed. Armyexpcrience may be serviceab le; but Army methods always fail in a civilian voluntary organisation like the Brigade.-N.C.F.

FRACTURE OF STER 'UIII

-\. B. (Swansea). - The Textbook seems to bc deplorably weak in its description of the causes and treatment of Fracture of Stcrnum. I \\'ould like to know why for this injury we must make no attempt to remove patient.

With your introductory statement I cordia lly agree. The fact is, that Fracture of Sternum is sometimes produced by forced flexion of the trunk, and in this case may be complicated by Fracture-Dislocation of the Spine. So the Textbook arrives at the ridiculous decision that you may remove a case of Fractured Spine but not a case of Fractured Sternum because it may be complicated by Fracture of Spine.-N. C. F.

HUMOURS OF FIRST l\ID.

R. T (vVauna.r1wydd). - Your series of Howlers in First Aid always amuse me ; and the following may amuse you.

On looking thl-ough the Report Book of cases trpated at our Steel Works I came across this entry which was made by a man who is "one of them who knows," although he has never taken a first aid course: "Tom Jon es treated for B on arm below wrist. JJ Personally, I think that this self-trained First-Aider merits the biscuit which you do not offer.

June, 1930. FIR S T

are in danger of bcing It further tells you (p. 123) that "the signs of injury to bladder are either inability Lo pass water, or if a little is passed it is tinged with blood."

So the team captain in his statement to the judge indi cated that he was aware of the possibility of the bladder being injured, in which case there would bc no urine passed or a littl e blood tinged with urine, and a lso of injury to the ur ethra (the tube by which urine escapes externally), in which case there might be extra\'asation of urine into the tissues through the torn urethra."--;- T.C.F

AID. '327

carbonate of soda lotion, being alkaline, would do harm; and they asked l11e to submit the point for your ruling.

Your treatment was correct. The injury, being due to Corrosive Alkali, became an ordinary burn after it had been neutralised with vinegar and water; and it should be so treated. The alkaline lotion could do no harm.- C. F.

PLAINT OF

WASTE OF IODINE.

S. W. (Gorton).-l ha\ e long noticed the waste of Iodine by members of the Brigade who often have to use a .whole ampoule for a tiny cut. I have, therefore, .d ev:sed a special Iodine Spray which will prove economlca.11l1 use and free from the risks consequent on upsettIng the bottle of i odine. Can you please suggest whom I can approach with my invention?

Your idea seems a goo d one although I question its commercial \'alue. 'iVe can only suggest thal you approach the Director of Stores Department of the Association at Sl. J ohn's Gatc or any other Surgical Sundries l\1anufacturers.

-N.C.F.

EXAMINATION HOWLER.

:\1. R. (Cannon-street). -In a recent examination a candidate was what he would do if it was necessary to keep a.patlent awake Those of us who were standing near hlln were l1luch a11lused when he replied: "Give Izim a dose C!I Caslor Oil."

Good! Next, please! !- N.C. F. IN BRIGADE.

M. Y. ( Torth of England).-Being an enthusiastic student of First Aid and holding several awards ot the Association, I want to proceed higher. In short, I am anxious to become .an Ambulance Officer, for which rank my ,\r111Y expenence should serve in good stead. So would you me as to the way in which 1 can obtall1 tillS posltlOn and as to what are its requirements?

Promotion, to may mean "waiting for dead men s shoes. If you JOll1 an old established Division the you will have to. wait for a vacancy to give eVldence you are SU it able for the post. done, your to General Regulations, consult th.e. Committee as to your accertab.lhty to the Dlvlslon before sending forward your nOmll1atlOn through the usual channels to the Commissioner. The last named will then conduct, either personor through a deputy, the prescribed examination on which the final decision rests. Of course, if you should be the founder of a new Division, then you may possibly

Good! Next, plea e !-N. C. F.

FRACTURE I N\'OU ING ELBOW JOI NT.

J.]. (Neath).-In our Di\ ision of the Brigade discussion arose recently with reference to the treatment of Fracture ilwolving Elbow Joint; and most of LIS felt that the large arm-s lin g recommended in the 37th Edition of the Textbook was preferable to the small arm -sling reco :11l11ended in the 38th Edition. Perhaps you will kindly expla in why this change was made.

I fear that I cannot explain the change except it be that the humerus is often involved in this injury, and that it is more consistent to u e the sma ll arm -s ling for a ll Fractures of Arm. In an actua l case I shou ld let the patient decide which is the more comfortable arm-s lin g..C.F.

FRACTURE OF PELVIS.

J. D. (Egremont).-While a team was p erfo rming in their Final of the Scoular Shield at Whitehavcn, I heard the captain say to the judge: "As patient is s ufferi ng from a Fractured Pelvis, I should warn him not to pass water." I shou ld like to know why he made this statement, which I do not understand.

The Textbook (p. 72) warns you that with this fracture "the blood vessels and organs, especially the bladder,

HUMOURS OF FIRST AID.

R.N. (\,VaunarJwycld).-At a recent class one of our new mel1lbers \vas much amused at the technical names of the bones. So when he went home, be tried to impress his wife with his newly-acquired yocabulary and exclaimed :-" 1ary dear, I have an awful pain in 111 y Cla\ icle !" Hi \\·ifc misunderstood his intentions, and wrathfully replied :-" £\ubr ey, how dare you come home and use uch fllthy langua.ge before the children! "

Good! N ext, please! !- N. C. F.

TESTS OF I SEr\SlBILITY.

J. D. (Egrc\11ont).-ln testing. for the of Insensibility; s hould we tOllch the pupd or the white part of the eye I belie\ e that by touching the pupil, we would impair the s ight, and so I submit thc point for your decision.

The pupil being the round opening in the of th.e eye through which li g ht passes, you cannot touch It or do it injury unless you scratched the covenng of the eye which is called the conjunctiva. - .C.F.

H. W. (Barnstaple).-At a recent competition the Team Test was based on a scene which included a runaway horse and cart. Some teams in their examination of patient were given signs and symptoms of injuries to right thigh which they treated. At the close of the competition they found that they had lost marks for treating the wrong limb.

vVe maintain that, if the injuries were in fact upon the left lower limb, the examiner cannoL gi\ e signs and symptoms of injury to right lower limb ,, here such do not exist. Your opinion will settle a \'er)' sore point and will be appreciated.

If your statement of facts is correct, then there is justification for your plaint. Perhaps, however, there is some other explanation because in a properly conducted and practical test signs and symptoms cannot be located in places where they do not exi t. Cheer up; and may you have better luck next year!- .C.F.

TREATMENT OF ApOPLEXY.

G.S. (,-\.rnoJd). - In a League Competition la t m.onth. we had to treat a man who was supposed to be lying In a busy part of the Town and to be surfering· from .\pop1ex)'. Of course, we 1110\'ed the patient to helter and thereby lost first place in the Competition, because we found afterwards that the marking sheet allO\\'ed 10 marks " for not moving patient. JJ

The Superintendent of the Di\ ision supports decision of the judge who is Surgeon to an?ther D.lvlsion, and says that he must know be 1. So 111 m)' dIfficulty I appeal to you.

On your statement of facts I no reason the patient should not be moved. TillS " ould certall1ly be necessary if patient were lying "in a busy part of the Town," and \\'oulJ be quite in order that he were moved with O'reat care and in recumbent posltlOn.

On the °other hand, you name the judge whose good work I happen to know; and consequently I have a suspicion that your tatemenL of facts is not comp1ete. - N.C.F.

TR EATMENT OF BL·RNs

H. K. (Harrow).-At a recent practice I asked some mC!llbers of my Division to treat a Burn by CorrOSlye Alkali. Th ey bathed the part wilh. of vinegar and water, and then dr esse d It With stnps of lint soaked in this solution.

I rul ed thaL the part s hould hav e been With lint saturated with bicarbonatc of soda solutIOn. Th,c men, however, demurred on the grounds that the bl-

'VI,Tp have recei\'ed a catalogue of the medical and science publications as published 'by l\lessrs. Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, of 7 / 8, Henrietta-street, London, It contains quite a number of books applicable to first alders, and a copy of the catalogue ",ill be sent, po free, upon application.

The "DECORATORS' « PAINTERS' MAGAZll\l:." (8d. monthly) is THE trade paper for all interested.Publishing Office: 46. CannOD Street. E.C ..

Brzfzsh Red Cross Branch News.

BRITISH E;\JPTRE RED CROSS

The Empire Conference was held in London f r om .;\Iay 19th to 2-tth, the purpose of which being to examine the experience of the last ten years. Delegates assemIJled from Canada, Australia, )Jew I:ealand, Sout h Afri ca, Kenya, the Seychelles, South Rhodes ia, t h e Fede r ated .;\Ialay States, Tanganyika, L'g-ancia, vVindward Isla n ds and Leeward Islands.

The Conference was opened hy II.R.H. The Duke of York, the Chairman of the Council of the British Red Cross Society, at St. James' Palace on .;\Ionclay, May 19th. II e \\ ([S sllpported hy Lo rd PassfielcI, Secretary of tate for the Dominions, and hy Sir Arthur Stanley. The Duke of York welcoJl1ecl the Delegate s ancl referred to the recent establishment of t h e British Cross C linic for RheuJl1Cltis11l ill London, as an instance of Reel Cross actiyity.

Short addresses by the delegatcs were eleli\ ered, describing the work done by the yarious countries

1n the enning of ;\Iay 19th, the delegates were entertained at a hanqud in the May Fair Hotel. l\Ir L. S Emery, late ecretary of State for Dominion Affairs, and :'Ir. Stanley Bruce, formerly Prime l\Iiniste r of Australia, ,,"ere the chief speakers

On l\lay 20th, committees were appointed to disc u ss the expansion of the work of the Society, and i ts cooperation with other bodies. In the afternoon the Conference was addressed by l\Ir. Tom Shaw, l\I.P., Secretary of State for \\'ar, :\1r. Arthur Greenwood, the Ministe r of Health, Dame ';\laud l\IcCarthy, Major-General Si r Perciya1 \\,ilkinson, and Miss Jean Browne

On \\'ednesday morning (l\Iay 21st), the de egates were receiYcd hy the Queen at Bucking-ham Pa lace, and in the afternoon, the Junior Red Cross gaye an excellent demonstration of its work at the Sca a Theatre.

The Ilna l session was held on Friday, l\Iay 23rd, when the reports of the sub-comm itt ees were receiyed.

Peace-time acti\'ities for the movement recommended ill speeches and resolutions, included the following:-

Emergency relief for yictims of disasters.

Drawing together the children of the Empire t hr o u g h the work of the J un ior Red Cross.

Co-operating· with the League of Nations in a idin g the solution of internationa l problems.

A surprise vis it was paid to the Con ference by Princess 1\Iary, Countess of Harewood, t h e Commande r - inChief, who was accompanied by Princess Helena Victo ria. Both are members of the Council of the Society.

The opinion was expressed that a further Empire Conference might be convened in five yea r s time for t h e purpose of again considering- the development of Reel Cross activities throughout the Empire.

The delegates were later ente r tained hy the Lord i\Iayor of London, to a Luncheon g·iyen at the Mansion JIouse.

Annual Meet in gs h ave been h e ld hy numerous Branches and good wo rk h as been r epo rt ed

In the report of the Executive and F in a nc e Committee of the Derbyshire Branch i is stated that 11960 second-hand and 5,730 new ga rm ents were among· the distressed in the coalilelds, 280 app li cations \\ ere receivecl for emergency help hy ex-service men and 36-1 grants were macle amounting to £43-+ 12 s. 7d.

At the Stafforc.1shi r e Branch c.1uring- the past year 322 ex-se rvi ce men and 27 w id ows we r e ass i sted to the

C'xtent of £2,36-t 7s. -td. A sum of £321 7s. ltd. was refunded by t h ose who s ucc eeded i n their pension claims. The colllmittee r eported the r es ig n atio n of Mrs. Gifford, O.B.E., vice-Presidf'llt of vVo h ·erhampton Rural. Durin g the year 118 memhers qualified in First Aid -+6 in Hom e 1\ ursin g, 2-+ in IIy gie n e a nd Sanitation and 16 in Inf a nt vVelfare. The numb er of patients carried by the county amb ul ance was 215 with a mileage of 2,590.

At the Wimbledon Annual Meeting the o utl ook was sa id to be promising and ncw c h a nn e ls were being opened fo r the ene r g es of the members. Lect ur es o n I-<'irst Aiel, Jl ome N ur s in g, Hy giene, infant vV elfa r e and othe r s ubjects h ad been giyen and the r es ult s of examinations were yery sat i sfacto r y The financial state m e nt s h owed a dellc i t of £78 l8 s. 8d on the year's working and new subscr ib ers were urgently r equ ir ed.

Co\ E;\,TRy.-The Ann u al Inspection of thc vVarwick 21 and 70 Detachments was held on Sat urd ay, l\Iay 31s t at Coyentry. Lieut.-Col. J. F. vVhelan in spected the parade, after which) an explosion wa heard in a side rool11. The explosion of a boiler bursting a gas main was supposed to hayc occur r ed and three" cases" we r e readily t r eated by the 111en.

Anothe r test case was that of a painter who was supposed to have fa ll en from a l adder, and to have broken hi s leg.

The work of the Red Cro s men in the acc id ent cases, as well as h ei r smartness on parade, was 1110 t commendable. The keenness, promptit ude, and care of the men was manifest.

The stretc h er work \yas yery good and at the close of h e Inspectio n the members were co n gratulated on their effic e n cy.

The C;rant Beamish Challenge Cup ane! si lv e r medal fo r individual effic cncy during the year was presentf'ci hy Co lone l Pepys to r)rivate Gilbe r t.

The Lincoln and District Ambulance Society,

A NEW organisation has sprung into being at Lincoln, and is known as the abo ve Owing to certain events (which cannot here be discussed) having taken place with the lo cal ambu lance corps, it was determined that the population of Lincoln should not suffer for other people's troubles and the above Society was formed, and the members now number over forty fully qualified and efficient first-aiders.

The sympathy of many wcll-known local citizens has been en li sted. Although the Society only started in January last, quite good progress has been reported.

Its headquarters are at the Oddfellows Hall, Lincoln, and the President is Dr. A. W. Bevis, M. R.C.S., with medical men and others as VicePresidents.

June, 1930. FIR S T

Binding Copies of "F.A."

OWING to the numb e r of applications we hav e r e c e ived for the binding of cop ies of FIRST AID, we have made arrangements whereby we can supply bindings at th e following prices :-

Complete Volume 91- post fr ee

Binding Volumes 6/- r et urn e d post fre e. (Copies suppli e d by r e ader, which should compris e the Nos. July to June inclusive.)

Cases for Binding 2/9 post fre e.

Tbe cases for binding are of e ather cl o th, with the title of th e publication in gold letters on th e front and side and th e eight.p'"linted cross on front. Orders should b e sent to Dale, Reynolds & Co., Ltd., 46, Cannon-stred, L on don, E C. 4

EL L\ND DE:'I[ONSTRATIO;.J" \ND C \.RNIVAL.

"\ll1 bu ancc competition for the "Dempster" "\ll1bulance Shield will take place on Saturday, Jul y 12th. First three prizes to the value of £10; if more than 20 teams, four prizes. Three special prizes will be awarded to the individua l compet it or gai nin g- the highest number of marks outs id e the prizewinning- teams. Entl ies close July 9th.

Op en Lo a ll teams, Association or Brigade. Entry forms on app li cation to H. \V. Fox, 36, Victoria-avenue, EIland, Y orks. N.B.--':"'The Eiland Brigade will not compete

Ca

A I D. 329

A;.J"D

Fe D. -,)5t h Garden I art\' an d Carnl\·al \yill be held in Li ste r P ark, l\Ianningham, Bmdforcl, 011 Jul y 1 9t h,1 930. :\mbu lance competition, open Lo all England, ent r ance fcc -+ s. pCI' team; Indi,-idual 0:ur sing- Competition, open only to members of XLirsing- Diyisions of the S1. Johll Ambulance Briga.de, -+ and 5 District" entrance fee i s. 6d. "-\11 entnes to be made to :'Il r. Bateman, hon. secret<lxy, 382, Barkerend-road, Bradford :'Iloor, Bradford. Entries close Friday, July 11th, 1930 (Saturday morning's post \\'ill be accepted).

CTh;. \nnu.al .\mhulance fOI C \\ right l\lelllonal CLIP, yalLie l:l gUineas, \\'ill be held on \u gust 16th, at the CIO\yn Council Schools. Open to all England. Stretcher Test and Inc1iyidLial Test, prizes gi, en tor both eYellts. :\11 applications and Entn Forl11S may be had from the Secretary, :'I[r. _-\. \\ 'right, 24, Church-street Clo\\'n, near

O PEN Competition for Sih er CLIp at Bilsthorpe, J u l\" 12th. Gold and SII, cr for first three teams for fIrst two in Ind i,·idual Tests. Questions \\'ill be genera l and not on colliery subjects. Entry Forms of \\ '. Bacon, 1+, Eakring-road, Uibthorpe, near l'\e\\'ark.

IIolme",;;od .-\ll1bulance Cla.ss for the Grnham Challcnge Cup ",III he held 011 9th, in the grounds of the \\ 'illial1lthorpe Hotel. Entry forills can be had on application to the Hon. Sec., J. Cocking, 16R, Highfields, North \\'ingfleld, near Chesterfie ld

IINVALID FURNITURE

Whatever the Chassis use Carters' Ambulance Fittings.

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NEX r to comfort and sarety, undoubtedly the most vital consideration in Ambulance .Bitting is compactness. That is why Carters' Ambulance FIttings, combining all these qualitie!:', and bast d on over Eighty Ytars' experieDce in surg ical engineering, are the finest procurable and the mmt wid el y us e d throughout hospital and s e rvice work.

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jllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillIIII

Record Brea kers.

IN the April issue of FIRST AID particulars were given of the first-aid awards gained by Mr. F. G. Harwood.

We have received quite a number of lists from our readers, one of the best being that from NIr. J. S. Chopping, of Finsbury Park, London.

The following is Mr. Chopping's collection :Bronze Medal 1904 to 1907; 23 St. John Labels, 1908 to 1930; 1 Gold Long Service Medal, 15 years; 2 Bars to same; 1 Silver Cup, St. Pancras Goods Ambulance Corps Individual Competition (won outright); 4 Medals in connection with same; 1 Home Nursing Certificate, 1904; 5 Medals in con nection with the "Preston" Cup, L.M.S.R.; 2 Medals in connection with the "Kingham" Clip, L.M.S.R.; 1 Silver and 1 Bronze Medal for First Aid rendered (1910 and 1921); 1 Bronze Medal for R.A.l\1.C. War 'Vork; 1 Illuminated Certificate for First Aid rendered (April, 1919); 1 Bronze Certificate for First Aid rendered (1921); 9 Endorsements on above Bronze Certificate (1921 to 1925); 1 War Service Medal, R. A. M. c., 1914-1919; 1 Efficiency Medal, R.A.M.C., 1914-1919.

We have also received particulars of service given to the am bulance cause by two brothersGeorge and Robert Vi! atkin - who between them have 87 years continuous service to their credit. T his we feel is an excel1en t effort, and full partiCLllars are as follows :-

George Watkin, aged 66 years, of Park View, Murton Colliery Co., Durham, has 44 yea rs continuous service. Commencing ambulance work in December, 1886, he received his first in February, 1887. He was appointed Secretary and Sergeant of Murton Ambulance Division in 1909; First Officer, 1910; Divisional Supt., 1914, and Vice-President and Hon. Treasurer in 1922. He was Divisional Supt. of the competitions held in connection with the Durham "Donald Bain" competition for miners from 1904 to 1922, and from that date to the presen t time has acted as the General Secretary and Supervisor of the competition, which comprises, Durham, Northumberland, Westmorland and Cleveland. During this period he has registered 2,300 students. He was appointed Serving Brother of the Order of St. John in 1913, and recently had the honour of being appointed to the grade of Officer (Brother).

Robert Watkin, aged 69 years, Holly House, Darfield, York, and General Manager of the Dearne Valley Colliery (Yorks.), has 43 years continuous service. He received his first certifi. cate at Wombwell (Yorks.) in 1887, and was Secretary of classes held at 'Vombwell from 1887 until 1901. He commenced the Darfield Ambulance Centre in the year 1901, and now the

A 10. June, 1930.

President of same. In the year 1905 he was appointed the Hon. Secretary and Organiser of the Wath Division of the Yorkshire Ambulance League, and still occupies that position. He also was recently appointed as Officer (Brother) of the Order of St. John.

J\mbulance :News euttings ftom the Slress.

The Editor invites Readers to send newspaper cuttings on matter of general interest for inclusion in this column.

A DERELICT.

Hendon Rural Council have accepted an offer of 25s. for a disused horse ambulance -Evening News.

GASSED IN GARAGE.

A middle-aged man has been found dead in his garage, behind his house, at Stockton-an-Tees. The engine of his motor-car was running; and it is thought that he \.v as overcome' by the exhn.ust fumes. The garagE' doors "",ere closed. - Daily Mail.

GASSED IN BED.

A middle-aged man has died in Oldchurch Hospital, Romford, as the result of having been accidentally gassed. He went to bed early, as he was suffering from a cold, and apparently did not notice that gas was escaping from a bracket. In the morning his daughter found him unconscious in bed. A doctor was summoned and he was removed to hospital. -Evening News.

DEATII FROM FRACTURED SPINE.

The police were called to a house in SL J ohn's Wood, and found the hody of Charles Butcher, aged 49, in a bedr00111.

Mr. Butcher was on the floor with his head against a wooden box. His feet were on the bed. He was wcaring his night-clothes, and had apparenLly fallen out of bed and brokcn his neck. His wife was in the same' r00111, but was ill and unable to give any account of what hall happened.Daily !VIail

KEPT ALlVE BY MUD.

Mr. Charles Hawley, aged 67, a blacksmith, of Selby, Yorkshire, who had been missing since Friday, was ycsterday found by a schoo lb oy with only his h ead s howin g above the mud on a bank of the River Ouse at Tunhead Bridge Farm. He had been there tor about 15 hours.

Dr. J ohn C. Gillies, wbo attended to him, said that Hawley's life had been saved by the coating of mud, about an inch thick, which covered hi s body, thus keepinghim warm and allowing the blood to circulatc.-Daily Mail.

A TEST OF YADIL ANTISEPTIO IN FIRST AID

There is a large engineering firm in the North of England employing several thousand men, and casualties are naturally numerous. The Am bulance Men had always used Iodine, and it was a struggle to overcome their prejudice, but eventually Yadil was tested against Iodine as a First Aid Dressing.

IODINE GAVE 5 RETURNS WITH SEPSIS YADIL GAVE NONE

Yadil was adopted entirely and by rapid, clean healing cut the bandage rate dow n to one-third

The" Yad£l Book oj Tnatnzent" will be sent post fi-ee to any Ambulance TiV01,ker on rece-ipt of a post card.

YADIL

The Antiseptic which is Certified by Public Analysts and Pathologists as Safe for Internal and External use

Prepared by YADIL PRODUCTS (1925) LTD. 360, Sicilian House, Sicilian Avenue, LONDON, W.e.I.

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Members of the Norfolk Branch, British Red Cross, .vere on duty at the Boy Scouts J amboree held at Soahollse, Norfolk.

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Agent that An Aseptic chapms the Ppactitionep

Free test supply on application.

The the uc;e of GERMOLEN E, the AseptIc DressIng, In hospital and domestic practice are now almost too well known to need recapitulation.

Since the Introduction of this remarkable agent it has been put to the test by medical men and nurses in every part. of the country. It has proved itself thoroughly efficIent as a skin bactericide and sterilizer and powerful healer.

An charm with its use is its soothing .In the case ot Inflammatory pain, or in irritable condItIons the skIn. For the treatment of children's complaInts it is unequalled, because it does away wIth the tendency on the part of the young patient to scratch, and so spread or aggrevate the trouble.

Mechanically, GERMOLENE is perfect, and its appearance and texture have gained it high encomiums from and <.hemists: to microscopic fineness, the are held In a hIgh-grade creamy hase which spreads wIth ease, does away with messiness and which when massaged, sinks straight into the pores: Bandages may be prepared with the absolute minimum of delay and trouble, and slight heat reduces the dressIng to the consistency of cream.

The. ma?ufacturers will be delighted to send a generous gratIs trIal sample to members of the medical profession and to nurses and hospital officials who enclose their professional cards.

SOOTHES AT A TOUCH

A I D. JLIne, 1930.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &C.,

By N. CORBEl FLEtCHER, •. B" B.C., B.'.(Curtab}, •. R.C.S

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free, lid.

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