First Aid Journal July 1922-June 1924

INDEX.

A Red Cross Civilian Clinic, 29

Ambulance Work on the Great Western Railway, 19 21 ,4 0

ANew Brigade Film, 5

Annual Inspection of No. District, 66

Ambulance Arrangements at Factories, IS

A Night with the Lantern, 121

Ambulance Work on the Great Western Railway, 1922, 142

A Useful Motor Ambulance, 199

Alcoholic Poisoning, 231

AMBULANCE NEWS CUTTINGS-

Ambulance Delay, 79

Artificial Respiration by Relay:, 79

Battle with Death, 1 I 1

Back from the Dead, 196

Chase after Wounded Man, 123

Chloroform in Sweets, 178

Cat Stifles Baby, 196

Death Jerk on Football Field, 17 8

Danger from the Sea, 178

Flying Ambulance, 64

Fatal Tablets, 64

First Aid-" His Only Vice," 178

Girl's Leap to Safety, 218

Imprisoned under Motor Boat, I

Invalid Immersed in Flood, 150

Poisoned at Play, 64

Points on Observation, 218

Runaway Thrill, 79

Ride with a Broken Leg, I

Saved by Telegraph Wires, 123

Truncheon Saves a Life, 123

Transfixed by Steel, 150 B

Brevities, 27, 45, 65, 85, 108, 12 4, 144, 163, 166, 190 ,23 8

Blood and its Functions, 4

Birth and Early Days of our Ambulance Trains in France, August, 1914, to April, 1915, II

Bristol Centre, S.J.A.A., 29

Busy Plymouth Service, Brigade Competitions, 242 c

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, 21

Christmas, 1922, 109

Danger in the Bathroom, 51

D

Death of Dr. Heaton Clark Howard, M.R.C.S., 188

NO.5 District Brigade Camp, 46

INDEX.

Treatment of Hysteria, 2 Two Lucky Escapes, 26

Importance of First Aid, The, 143 India, 107 Individual Tests, 197 Institute of Hygiene, 72 fnter-Railway Competitions, 1923, 20 9

L

Late Princess Christian, The, 242 League of Mercy, 7 1 Leo McLaglan System of Resuscitation, The, 87 London and North Western Railway, 8 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR :An Appreciation, 69 An TJ nsigned Letter, 88 Artificial Respiration, 1]0

Hoy Scouts and First AId Training, 52 Brigade Drill Manual, 90 Cadet Uniforms, 196 College of Am bulance, 31 Competitions, 174

Competition for the" Lady Perrott J) Shield, 131, 149

Concession to Railway Ambulance Men, 132 Discipline, 194

Elimination of the Viva Voce Tests, 30, SZ First Aid Certificates, 196 " Treatment by Boys, 13, 30, 69

I mprovement of Ambulance Competitions, 132, 174, 196 " " Contests, J 49 " " Competitions, 149, 25 0 Inspection, 13

Inter-Railway Final, The, 13 League of Mercy, The, 90 Preston Guild Week, 88

Purchasing a Motor Ambulance, 220, 250

Railway Ambulance, 28

Unusual Course of Asphyxia, 41

Uses of First Aid, 71

Uses of Observation, 222

PRIOR Y FOR W ALE S-

Brigade News, 232

Centre Reports, 233

Competitions, 232

General Interest, 232

Meeting of Railway Men at Brecon, 122 News in Drief, 234

Royal National Eisteddfod of Wales, 122

SP'l Treatment Establishment, Llandrindod Wells, 189 Q

QUERIES AND ANSWER S TO CORRE SPONDENTS

A Competition Plaint, 225 " Problem, 17 6

A Complicated Case, 112, 133 " Competition Test, 19 7

A Home-Made Ligature, 152

A Problem in First Aid, 32, 53

A Third Complicated Competition Test, 198

Action of Epiglottis, 133 " Prussic Acid, 33, 73

Administration of Brandy, 73 Another Complicated Competition Test, 198 Another Problem in First A id, 53 Asphyxia and H ce morrhage, 54 ,. with H <e morrhage, 9 3 Artifi c ial Respirat ion, 249 Bleeding from Ear, 112

" "the Palm of Hand, I 5

" "Tooth So c ket, 92 Burns with Bleeding, I J 3

EDITORIAL :-

Ambulance Red Tape, 57 Brigade Cadets, 97

E Jubilee of the Red Cross Movement, The, 137 HygIene, 181

Improvement of Competitions, 97 London Ambulance Service, 181 Nursing Accidents, Prevention of Mine Accidents, 57 Progress of First Aid, The, Railway Competitions, The, 205 Results of Safety Work, 157

Some Changes in Railway Ambulance Organization J 17 St. John Ambulance Associations' Annual Report, The, 17

S.J.A.B, The, 77

S.J.A.B. Report, The, 229

Wanted-An Antidote for Apathy, 37

F

Factory Welfare Work as a Profession, 50 First Aid, 150 in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, 38 " in Hypnotic Trance, 161 " in Some Holiday Horrors, 30 " Propaganda, 43 " with the Ceylon Police, 9( Food Poisoning, 66

Future of the Railway Challenge Shield Competition, The, 109 G

" Gale" Shield Competition, The, 235 Great Central Railway, 70 Great Western Railway Ambulance Competitions 192'" 2] 9

G.W.R. Gold Medallists at Weston-super-Mare, 91 .),

H

Handkerchief Respirators-A Warning 49 " Harry Webb" Competition, 222 Hospitallers and their Gardens, J 38

Recurrence of Three, The, 13 Suggested Brigade Certificate, 223

Sugestions for" Dewar" Competition, 52

Suggeo::tions for the Improvement ot Competitions, 1 IO Wedding Day Grouses, 223

Arteries and Pressure Points, The, 184, 236

Major H. W. Spaight. L.'R..C.P., 107 Manchester Corporation Ambulance, 64 for the Earl of Plymouth, 163 Metropolttan RaIlway Ambulance Centre, 219

New South Wales, 142 Nursing, 31

Peace Day Commemorations, 24

Presentation to Mr. W. R. Edwards III

Priory for Wales, 54.162

Poem on Poison Cases, 72

PRACTICAL POINTSA War Experience, 2

Curious Death from Asphyxia, 237 " " Gas Poisioning, 2'37 " Experience with Cat, 237

Death from Lysol Burns, 114

Death from Strychnine Poisoning, '90

Death from Suffocation, 186

Duties of First Aid, 222

Efficiency with Resourcefulness, 178

First Aid to Himself, 3

F!rst A!d w!th Efficiency, 26, 41, 71, 90

FIrst AId with Observation, 150

F!rst A!d w!th Perseverance, 90, 123

FIrst AId WIth 114, 123 of bemg Explicit, The, 26

Old- TIme Artificial Respiration, [50

Treatment of Gas Asphyxia, 178

Combined Carbolic and Cyanide Poisoning, 225 Common Errors in First Aid, 34 Competition Mark ing Sheets, 93 Compound, Complicated Fracture of Femur, 179, 224

" " "" the Jaw, 9 3 Compound Fracture of Femur, 92

Conduct of Competitions, 199

" '" The, 72 Constituents of Bee- Wine, The, 33 Control of Bleeding from Forearm, 197 Control of Subclavian Artery, ]4

Definition of" Pressure Point," 175

Diagnosis of Fractures, 14 Dressing Bandage [or Foot, II3

" " "Hand, 248

" " "Shoulder, 1] 3

Effects of Asphyxia, 93

Ethics of First-A id, 53 " " " Football Duties, 249

Examination Howler, 224, 248 " of Patient during Transport, 17 6 Fractured Base of Skull, 33

Fracture of Arm and Forearm, 113

Fractures of both Clavicles, 248

Fracture of !fumerus .and Forearm, 32 ot ClaVIcle and Humerus, 73 ForeIgn Body m Nose, 224

Function of Tonsils, 53

H ce morrhage from. Mouth, 225

Home Office Dressings, 198

Injuries to Stomach, 113

Medals and Decorations, 74 Meddlesome First Aid, 133

Methods of Artificial RespIration, 175

Nature of Producer Gas, 53 Phosphorus Poisoning, 73

Poisoning by Corros i ve Alkalies, 250

Preparation of Smell in g Salts, 133

Principles of First Aid, 33 Prussic Acid Po isonin g' 1T2

Rate of Heart-Beat, 17 5

Removal of Clothing, 33

Rules of Competition Drill, 74

Saluting, 74

Schafer's Artificial RespiratIon, 73

Shock from Abdominal Injury, 54

Signs of Fractured Sk.ull, 176

Simple Fractnres of RIbs, 92

Some" Bedsore Puz zles," 175, 225

Specimen Competition Tests, 199

Stimulants with H re morrhage, 74,94

Structure of Sp inal Cord, 53

Testing of 32

Training of CompetitIon The, 15 [

Transport of Fractured 9 3, 13.3

Triangular Bandage for HlP, 197

Treatment of Abdominal Wound, 33

Treatment of Burns, 73,112,133,151

Treatment of Burns and Scalds, 132

Treatment of Burst Varicose Veins, 14, 9 3

Treatment of Carbolic Acid Poison ing, 224

Tre a tment of Collapse, 224

Treatment of Compound Fracture of Leg, 93

Treatment of Dislocated Shoulder, 198

Treatment of Dog Bite, 198

Treatment of Fractured Base, 152

Treatment of Fractured Ribs, 1I2

Treatment of Fractured Thigh, 176

Treatment of Fractured Thighs, 17 5

Treatment of Iodine Poisoning, 94

Treat of Iodine Poisoning, 175

Treatment of Kidney Injuries, 112

Treat ing of Lysol Poisoning, 152

Treatment of Nose Bleeding, 152

Treatment of Partial Asphyxia, 73, 133

Treatment of Sulphur Asphyxia, 34

Treatment of Viper 248

Treatment of Vi triol Burns, 132

Treatment of Wounds, 32

Treatment of Wounds of Forearm, 13 2

Uses of Artificial Resp irator, The, 32

Use of Oils with Burns, 14

Use of Smelling Salt s, 34, 73

Vagaries of Ep ilepsy, 72 R

Railway Ambulance, 71,164.13 7

Red Cross Detachments, 149

R N.A..S.B.R., 134

REV I EW S :-

Ambulance Competition Tests, Anatomy and Physiology for JunIor Nurses, 38 Bandaging Diagrams, 161

INDEX.

Birth and Early Days of our Ambulance Trains in France, The, 123

Common Errors in First Aid, 31 _

First-Aid X Ray Atlas of Fracture and DislocatIOn, 79

Rescue Man's Manual, The, 79 S

Sir Herbert David William Lewis, K.B E., 186

St. John Ambulance A ssociation, I 18

S.J.A.B. Cadet, 86, 171 . A d C

Some Suggestions for the Improvement of First ompetltions, 24, 67 , 48

State Registration of Nurses, ISO

ST. JORN AMB U LANCE GAZETTE:-

Absent" Without Leave 1I 104

Ambulance War Memorial at Newcastle, 106

Appointments, &c. , 83,101,125,145,167,1 9 1, 215,239

Mr. Bones, 19 4

Brigade a rders? 126

Brigade Work III Ireland, 127

Church Parade and I nspection at Canterbury, 105

Death of Dr. John M aclean Carvell, M R.C.S , 216

" Dewar" and" Perrott" Shield, 217

Discipline, 194

Divisional Secretary, The, 103

Field Day at Wallsend. 82

Grand Priory of the Order of the HospItal of St. John of Jerusalem in England, The, 23, 103, 167, 240

Hanmer s Cinema Ambulance Le c lures, 148

" If It's Worth Doing, Do It Well !" 8 1

I nspection of Newton Abbot Corps, 105

Interest ing Items, 8 2 104

No. XI. ( S.E. & C. Ry. ) District, 106

Observations, 8 1

Official Brigade Ga zette, 6, 22, 42, 62

Report of the Inspection of the Borough of Plymouth Corps, 105

Royal Naval Auxi l iary Sick Berth R eserve ( S J A B. ), J4 6

Ser v ice Medals and Bars, 147

Service Medal s and S erv ice Bars, 2 4

Service Medal and Serv ice Medal Bars, 193

St. John Am bulan c e B rigade Supplement. 8

V.A.D. Notes and News, 7, 2 3, 43, 63 84 , 106, 130,148 170, 19 5

X - R ay Work, 147

Team Work and the Divisional SUl'r,-eon , 18 V

V aricose Veins, <)4

Viva -Voce Test in Amb\1lance CompetItIons, 12

KEep A BOTTLE

FIRST AID

- AND THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

No. 337.-VOL. XXIX JULY, 19 22

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free: single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily For 1lublication) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E. C. 4. 7 elegrapkic A ddres s.' "Twentv-four, London."

7 elephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

THE recent ·agitation in the daily press fhe Progress as to the lack of ambulance arrangeof First Aid. ments and the training of the police in First Aid seems to have had at least some tangible results. In the first place the L.c.e. are ordering a further supply of motor ambulances to more adequately supply the needs of the large area which their service covers, when these additions are made it will mean the speedier removal of cases of injury and prevent that unnecessary delay which has arisen recently in one or two case'), and on which there has been a general outcry in the press. The next matter of importance is that all members of the Metropolitan Police Force qualified in First Aid will wear a badge on his uniform, and we understand that under a new scheme of instruction for police candidates which will come into force with the re-opening of recruiting every man before he is considered qualified in police duty must pass an examination in First Aid.

A policeman's duties are such that he is often called upon to undertake the care of a case requiring First Aid

THREEPENCE 3/6 PER ANNUM, POST FREE

within the real meaning of the team, and by his skill and attention satisfactory deal with the patient. All this is real progress as far as am bulance work in London is concerned, which, in the past, has made but slow progress. The Act of Parliament to establish a Municipal Ambulance Service for London was passed in and the first ambulance station was not opened until 1915, but since the other stations have been opened they have been of inestimable value to the population, and we hope ultimately with the expansion of the scheme that London will be provided with such a service as will do justice to the premier City of the world.

Mining

THE reports of H. M. Inspectors of Mines for tbe year 1920, which have Accidents. just been published, contain a valuable amount of information.

From the Scotland Division, it is reported that out of 1 fatal accidents due to explosion of fire-damp and coal dust, 8 were due to direct contravention of regulations.

The Inspector is of opinion that accidents from inflammation of gas are looked upon far too lightly, and necessary care is not taken in many cases either by officials or men to avoid them. "The use of electric cap lamps and strict adherence to the special regulations established at many mines and described in Mr. H. Walker's report of J 9:r 8, together with proper attention to the ventilation, should materially reduce the list of burning accidents reported year by year from this Division." Something can be done to lessen the number of accidents at the face by a more extended use of straps or "half-flat II crown trees. Young persons appear to be unsuitable for work at the shafts, where constant vigilance is required. Numerous accidents were due to men attempting to light two shots at the same time, having to leave before being able to see whether the second fuse had actually taken fire, then returning as the second shot exploded.

The report from the Scotland Division is typical in many "ays of those from the other areas. In all the sections where the accidents are discussed, it would appear

that a large proportion might have been avoided if ordinary care had been exercised. Most of the reports touch briefly on the welfare developments in the respective divisions, and the Inspector for the Northern Division reports vel y favourably on the.schemes which have been established in his area.

9loints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with spedal reference to good and bad voints in Treatment-for inclusion.. in this Column.

TREATMENT OF HYSTERIA.

Not long ago we were on public duty and had occasion to treat a young woman who was suffering from Hysteria, probably due to exhaustion and to the excitement of waiting in a crowd. Mild methods failing to restore patient, I said to my companion in a loud voice, "Dash some cold water over her. "

The effect was instantaneous. The patient sat up, and in an indignant voice, said, "Not over my best Sunday frock , thank you!" Then, getting up, she walked off and rejoined her friends without any further remarks or thanks for assistance rendered.-E. K., Kentish Town.

A WAR EXPERIENCE.

A personal War experience may be interesting. During an attack I was knocked over by a bullet which struck me in the upper part of my lett thigh. Knowing something about First-Aid, I at once remembered the femoral artery and the immediate dangers to life associated with injuries theret Cl. My alarm was the greater when I felt the back of my trousers becoming wet, and was conscious of "blood" trickling down my leg.

So without delay I began to improvise and apply a tourniquet until I observed that my fingers, though wet, did not become stained with blood during the necessary manipulat ions. Then, to my profound relief, I noted that my fingers were wet witlt water, and I realised that the bullet had perforated my water-b )ttle, iand that water, not blood, was now pouring down my leg.- T. B., South End

FIRST-AID TO HI MSELF.

A First-Aider was engaged in taking measurements of a plate-glass window, which had been partially smashed, when a large piece of glass became detached and fell on his thigh, causing a deep wound and severing the femoral artery. His companions, knowing nothing about ambulance work, became panic-struck, and were for a time unable to assist.

The First-Aider, however, with great presence of mind, snatched up some stout cord which he applied as a tourniquet round his thigh and so controlled the flo of blood. This done, he rallied his companions but firmly declined their offers and attempts to raise him to a sitting position. He then gave instructions to call the ambulance and was removed therein to the local hospital, the authorities of which congratulated him on his pluck and presence of mind. His recovery was slow, though uneventful; and several months elapsed before he again resumed work.-A.B. D., Colchester.

Four motor chassis for ambulances of the London Ambulance Service are to be obtained at an early date. During the quarter ended March 31st, the calls received numbered 5,210, as compared with 4,349 for the corresponding quarter of 192 I, an increase of 86 r.

AID.- July, 1922.

J'he Grand :Priory of the Order of the ,}{ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in E;nglugd. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

No. I Distrkt COMMISSIONER;

J' he St. John J\mbulanee Srigade. DISTRICT ORDERS.

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL AUGUST, 1922.

Sunday, 6th.-No. 56 Division, Cricklewood.

" 13th.-No·58 London Post Office.

" 2oth.-No. S9 " Carshalton. 27th.-No. 63 " W. H. Smith & Sons.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

FUNERAL OF THE LATE FIELD-MARSHAL SIR HENRY W ILSO N.

The Commissioner desires to tender his thanks and e xpress his appreciation of the response that was made to the call for duty on the occasion of the funeral of the late FieldMarshall Sir Henry H. Wilson on June 26th. Only a very short notice was received, and the number of stations required by the Police was more than usual, but by a very gr eat effort the seemingly impossible was accomplished.

RAIL\VAY FARES.

The undermentioned reduced fare concessions for members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade when travelling- in uniform on Brigade Duty have been sanction by the Railway Authorities, with effect f.om r.6.22 :-

Fare, if less titan I50 in nU1J1ber.- To be cha.rged threefourths of the fare charged to private passeng ers for double or single journey by ordinary train, except where ordinary return tickets are issued to the public at less, when such lower fare will be charged.

Avail-abil£ty of Tickets.- Tickets issued under this arrangement have the same availability as ordinary tickets.

Condit£ons 0/ Issue. -When travelling in uniform on Brigade duty, which includes :-Public duty-Route March(,hurch Parades - Competitions - Special Drills - Annual Training in Camp-Ships or Military Hospitals, on surrender of voucher.

Before a fresh book is used, the counterfoils duly completed of the used book must be returned.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending ne", s paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publ ication of the newspapers .- EDITOR.

NO.7 (TOYNBEE HALL) DIVISION.-Sunday, June Ilh , was a great day for the above, the first Divisional Church parade being held at Poplar Wesleyan Church. Thanks to the hearty co-operation between the home Division and officers and men of Divisions Nos. 2,4, 5, w, 29,41,46,46,72, 73 and 76, the" Fall In" revealed a parade of which Supt. A. Newton may justly feel proud.

Headed by H.Q. Bugle Band and Pipers of No. 29 1?ivision, the first company was lead by Asst.CommISSIoner VIlven and officers, the second company being

July, 19 22 -

FIRST AID.-

accompanied by Poplar and Bromley Tabernacle Silver Prize Band. Upon arrival at church a :;incere welcome was received from the Rev. H. Lax, who In hiS subsequent sermon chose the immortal parable of the Good Samaritan to illust r ate the degrees of neighbourliness.

After the service the parade reassembled, the march round which followed being terminated at the Poplar recreation ground. A hollow square having been formed, words of congratulation and appreciation for the co-operative spirit were received from Asst.-Commissioner Vilven, who also thanked the bands for their service.

Supt. A. Newton thanked all present for their attendance which went to make the occasion such a success.

The National Anthem and "Dismiss)) concluded an auspicious morning for the Division.

N.C.O.'s CLUB.- Will members please note that there will not be any meeting held during August. The next meeting will be held on Thursday, Sept. 7th, 7.30 p.m., at W. H. Smith and Son's Club, II, Milford-lane, Strand, W C.2. Divisional Secretaries holding the rank of H.S. or CarpI. are especially ir.vited to attend. Full particulars for membership from the Han. Sec., H. J. Palmer, 70, Newington Green-road, N.r.

No. 2 District.

MAIDENHEAD.- The committt'e of the Division beg to notify that the Stopped Watch Competition they organIsed, which was to terminate on July 26th, is extended to August 31S t.

No. 3 Disrrict.

BIRMINGHAM.-At a Corps Drill, held in the grounds of King Edward's Schools, New-street, on July 2nd, about 200 men were present, and some useful work was done.

The Assistant Commissioner took the opportunity of handing Long Service Medal Ribands to the following mem o bers of the (L. & N.W.R. ) Division :-Staff Sergt. C. W. Musson, Corpl. H. E. Jeffs, Pte. A. W. Lee and Pte. W. Weir.

No. 4 District.

BRIERFIELD.-The Brierfield Division of S. J .A. B. will hold their annual competitions for the 'Tunstill lJ Memorial Shield, for men, and the" Mrs. Thos. Veevers IJ Rose Bowl, for ladies, on Saturday, August 12th. Full particulars and entry forms may be had on application to W. C. Richards, hon. sec., 17, Albion-street, Brierfield.

The" Wilkinson IJ Memorial Challange Shield CompetItIOn, open to squads from any District, will take place on August 19th.

Also a Squad Competition (ambula nce sisters) fur the "Mary Wilkinson" Rose Bowl will take place on the same date.

Full particulars from Supt. H. Bannister, 31, Derbystreet, Nelson.

Sunday, June 25th,' the Nursing and Ambulance DIVISions of the Oldham Corps held their annual church parade. The Corps paraded at headquarters at !O a.m. and headed by the Oldham Rifles Band marched to St. Mary's Church. The sermon was preached by the Rev. A. J. Hanstock, who in his opening remarks welcomed the Corps to the Church, and said the Brigade was like the Good Samaritan.

After the service, a wreath, composed of black leaves and the St. John Cross made of white flowers, was placed on the

Cenotaph in the churchyard by Corps Surgeon J. B. Lendrum' O. B.E. On a card was printed "T o our GlOriOUS Dead. In affectionate remembrance." This was signed by J. B. Lendrum, Surgeon, and J. Harrison, Supt. After the wreath had been placed on the Cenotaph, the bugles sounded the Last Post and Reveille. The Corps then marched back to headquarters and dismissed.

No. 5 District.

N OTT! 'GHAl\!'- The final competItIo n for the possession of the handsome shield given by Winifred Gibson to the nursin g divisions of the Nottingham Corps, was held on Monday, June 19th, in Huntingdon-street Schools. The winning team was Great Northern I, the holders of the shield. The judges were Dr. Parker, team test; Dr. Gray, practical; and Dr. Grieg, questions. The tests for all the competitions were arranged by Major H. W. Spaight, L.R.C.P. R t:.". M.C Corps Surgeon and Superintendent.

RAVENSTHORPE. - Annual Competition for Silver Challenge Cup and other valuable prizf!s will be heJd on Saturday, September 16th, 1922. Full particulars from Corps Officer W. Ledgard, Alma House, Thornhill Lees, Dewsbury.

LEEDS.- The Burley, Kirkstall and Headingley Divisions held their second annual Divisional Service in the grounds of Kirkstall Abbey on Sunday, July 2nd. A procession was formed in the Cardigan Fields of officers and men of the Leeds Corps, Pontefract Corps, with their splendid drum and fife band, the Brodsworth Main Corps and their bugle band, Bradford Curps, Brighouse Corps, Dewsbury Corps, Halifax Corps, Castleford Division, North Bierley Division and the Yeadon Division, who paraded under the command of District Officer W. Holdsworth and marched to the Abbey, headed by the Leeds City Police Band. The Arr,bulance Sisters from the Leeds Corps, Brigh ouse Corps, Bradford Corps, Halifax Corps, Morley Corps, orth Bierley Division and the Yeadon DiVIsion joined the procession a little way from the Abbey, making a total on parade of 25 officers, 9 lady officers, 201 N. C. O's and men, and !O3 ambulance sisters.

On arrival at the Abbey, the service was in charge of tee Deputy Lord Mayor of Leeds (Ald. H. Brown) in the unavoidable absence of the Lord Mayor who had kindly promised to preside, and in his remarks po inted out to the public how they very often forgot the work the ambulance men and women were doing until they found themselves in a large crowd at some big demonstration or publJc meeting when someone is suddenly taken ill, or faced by an accident in the street, or at the works, when their first call is for an ambulanc e man.

Splendid addresses were also given by the Rev. S. C. Harris (Vicar of Kirkstall ) and Councillor Dr. Bathurst.

Divisional Surgeon Dr. J. H. Legge thanked the Deputy Lord '\I[ayor and the speakers for their addresses, and the Leeds City Police Band, Brodsworth Main Bugle Band, Pontefract Drum and Fife Bc;lnd, and the Kirkstall ,Forge Cadet Band, for their splendid serv ices, which they had so generously given to the Division.

Divisional Supt. Baker, on behalf of the Burley, Kirkstall and Headingley Division, thanked the officers, ambulance sisters, N.C.O s and men who had attended in good numbers to assist them and to make the parade the splendid success that it had been.

The arrangements for the parade and service were in the hands of Divisional Supt. Baker, Ambulance Officer Fenton Sergts. Briggs, Rhodes, Ross and Pte. Middleton, who the Finance Committee of the Division.

No. 6 District.

H ULL -I t no doubt will interest some of the readers of FIRST AID to hear how the Central N.D. of the Hull Corps has raised a n ic e sum of money by means of a Trading Com-

4 -FIRST AID.-

petition, the result of which was the purchase of 48 chairs for the new Drill Hall attached to the Hull Headquarters. About 20 members accepted a IS. and promised to purchase something which they could sell at a profit again, re -investing for three months at the end of which time the money should be brought in, the highest amount taking the prize. A great deal of friendly r i'valry and fun was caused; some made and sold, the toffee following mincemeat, lemon curd, bread, pickles, cakes, aprons, one memuer buying matches at 9d. and selling at IS. a dozen to all her friends. It is surprising what can be done when the will is there and the way pointed out, and surely the good of humanity is a noble work for our energy.

No. I (S.E. & C.R.) District.

Annual inspections in this district are proceeding apace. On Saturday, July 8th, the London Bridge Nursing, and the Addiscombe, Bricklayers' Arms, Hither Green, North Kent, Orpington, Victoria, Chipstead Valley, Red Hill, Sevenoaks and Tonbridge Ambulance Divisions assembled at AddiscoPlbe Station. In charge of Divisional Supt. W. C. Banks, the parade marched to the grounds of Coombe Cliff, the residence of Alderman J. G. Allen, J.P.

Unfortunately, heavy rain marred the formalities of the I nspection. Alderman and Mrs. Allen very kindly placed their large conservatory at the disposal of the visitors, and whilst the storm lasted, speeches were made by Commissioner E. A. Richards, His Worship the Mayor of Croydon, and by Alderman and Mrs. Allen.

Subsequently, after hearty cheers for Alderman Allen, a move was made to the Wesleyan Church, West Croydon, for tea. Supporting the Commissioner were Mrs. E. A. Richards, Lady Div. Supt. Miss W. Grindley; District Surgeon, T. Halliwell; District Officers, Burne, Drinkwater, Prew, and Guttridge, together with all the divisional officers present.

Prior to an enjoyable concert, Dr. Halliwell made a few remarks and the Commissioner expressed the gratitude of all ranks and to the \!\Tesleyan friends for !enabling them to have such a pleasant conclusion to a wet day. District Officer Prew and Ambulance Officer Twidle deserve great credit for the admirable arrangement.

Nearly 250 of all ranks were on parade, a highly satisfactory proportion at a time when traffic requirements are very heavy.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

It would be difficult to write in terms of exaggerati on in praise of the gallantry displayed by the members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade during the fighting in Dublin. For some time past the Brigade had two permanent posts, one in O'Connell -street and the other in Foster-place, and when the trouble began, the Commissioner, S ir John Lumsden mobilised the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions at these posts, so as to be prepared for emergencies.

The first call came to them from the Four Courts after the outbreak of the fire there. A hundred men proceeded to the Courts with ambulances and nurses. They helped to take out many of the wounded. Their operations were afterwards conducted in the O Connell-street and adjoining areas.

They first worked from the post placed in the centre of the street,. between the Pillar and the Father Mathew statue, and opposite the Hammam and Gresham Hotels. But the position became s o dangerous that they were obliged to change their quarters to the Metropole Cinema. An idea of the intensity of the firing in the location of the little timber structure may be gathered from the fact that a Press representative counted over thirty bullet marks on the exterior of the building.

After a time it was deemed advisable to transfer the workers to the Catholic Boys Home in Abbey Street. On Monday numerous casualties in the Parnell-street district necessita t ed the establishment of a post near M essrs. Kennedy's bakery establishment, and from here the brigad'! men were able to patrol Gardiner -street, Gloucester-street, and other adjoining streets

Throughout the height of the firing in O'Connell -street, the patrols remained devotedly at their posts and conducted their signalling operations with the utmost gallantry and effectiveness rushing through the bullet-swept streets to the aid of the fallen and waiting until the stretcher-bearers and the ambulance came up to convoy them to hospital.

Sometimes they were called inside the strongholds of the irregulars to take out their and at other t,imes their mission of mercy took them to private houses, whIle several maternity cases were conveyed to the Rotunda and Coombe Hospitals.

A continental journalist, who saw members of the Brigade take a wounded man from O'Cnnnell-street during the progress of heavy firing said he thought it was impo ssible that anyone could live in the street amidst such a fire, and he expressed high admiration of the gallantry of the men.

A number of volunteers with private motor cars offered the services of the cars and also themselves as drivers to the Brigade.

The ambulance nurses remained at the posts and treated trivial wounds brought tl!ere.

All the officers and men played their part nobly, but the outstanding figure of the week was Corps Supt. A. J. MacWilliam, who with a cheery smile fur everyone instilled into his men his own invigorating, untiring, and greatly efficient manner.

The headquarters offi ce in Merrion-square was in charge of lady ambulance officer Mrs. Rowlette. All the mem bers of the brigade on duty were supplied with meals every day.

The Hospital Supply Depot was in char g e of Miss Minnie FitzGerald, and a splendid band of lad ies spent many hours making bandages, dressings, &c., for the emergen c y stations and for the hospitals.

Sir John Lumsden, K. B.G., Commissioner, took command himself during the entire week, keeping in close tou c h with the officers and men, visiting the first aid posts regularly. He received splendid assistance all through from Assistant Commissioner W. G. Smith and District O ffic er A. J. Connor.

The Blood and its Functions,

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B " M R.C.S, &c.

BLOOD is the red fluid which circulates in the arteries, veins and capillaries of men and animals. It performs three special duti e s-(r) it nourishes the body; (2) it carries away waste products and discharges them from the body through the organs of excretion ; and (3) it protects th e body against invading organisms.

CHIEF FUNCTION.

Its chief duty, howev ( r, is to afford a means of communication between the various organs and parts of the body, whereby the inter-action of the Vital Functions-or, in other words, the process of life-is carried on. Without this fluid medium the co -ordination of the syst e ms in man and the higher animals cculd not be effected; and with its loss-and especially when this is gr e at and also rapidshock and possibly death may quickly supervene. In brief, the blood has been aptly d e scribed as a m eclzanical transport system, which is controlled by the nerves actin g as a telephone sy stem,

In this connection modern research has proven tha t some (probably all) the internal organs pass into the blood special ch e mical secretions which have been call e d ., hormon e s" (that is, "stimulantc;") and which act as chemz'cal messengers (or postmen) to excite other organs into suitabl e activity. Instances of these are (1) adrenalin (secrete d by small ductless glands which cap the kidneys and whic h are consequently called ('supra-renal" glands) which control s

July,

-FIRST

bleeding and causes blood vessels to contract; and (2) some substances from the thyroid gland (found in the neck over the trachea) absence of which causes in the child a form of idiocy called "cretinism" and in the adult a form of degeneracy known as "myxcedema;" and (3) pituitrin (from the pituitary body situated in base of brain) which causes rapid and lasting improvement in many cases of profound shock.

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD.

Human blood has a specific gravity of ross, a saltish taste and an alkaline reaction. It is composed of a fluid element (plasma), which, a clear liquid, carries nourishment and waste products in solution, and in which are suspended the cell elements consisting of and white corpuscles and blood platelets. In a cubic millimetre of human blood there are 5,000,000 red cells, 8,000 white cells, and 500,000 platelets. The quantity of blood in man averages I-12th of the total body weight.

The red consist of bi-concave discs slightly thicker at are composed of nitrogenous matter comblDed wlth an Important protein called lu:emoglobz'n-remarkable in that it contains iron-which takes up oxygen easily and in solid form, keeps it in loose but plentiful combination, and yields it readily when its condecreases. The colour appears to have no speCial value but to be merely incid e ntal to its chemical composition. In short, the red corpuscles are the ox ygen carriers and distributors.

The white corpuscles (leucotytes ), which are d e rived from lymph and vary in kind and shape, are claSSIfi e d to staining qualiti e s as eXhibited under the They ingest and destroy germs, an? also neutralIse products of inflammation wh e reby the body IS protected. In short, the white cells are g er mkillers.

The blood platelets are small circular bodies which are .half the size of red corpuscl e s, and are believed fo have Important part in the clottinb of blood. In this process, In WhiCh, as we shall see, the proteins of the blood share fibrin is precipitated from the plasma and from the which form blood platelets, catches up and entangles the blood cells to form a clot.

INTER-ACTION OF VITAL FUNCTIONS.

blood the fuel supplied by the food through the DigestIve System enters into chemical combination with the oxygen which is derived from the Lungs and incorp,orated in the hremoglobin of the red corpuscles.

1 hereby body-heat and body-energy are given off. The hremoglobin then passes into every p.ut and organ ?f the body, gives it.s oxyg e n where the oxygen-pressure IS low removes II? Its stead carbonic acid to the lungs

By thiS means Circulation, Respiration and DigestIOn work together for the common good; and over each and all the Nervous system presides.

Recent research work has shown that Digestion is after all not a simple chemical process in which complicated taken as food are broken up into simple combmatIOns of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen; but that there are certain accessory food factors-known .vitamines-supplied by food and derived directly or lDdlrectly from plants , These circulate in the blood in very small quanti.ty are essentially necessary for good health. Of the vltammes so far recognised we know "fat soluble A" which is present in butter, milk and vegetables' " water soluble B" which is found in embryos of

AIO.-

and absence of which causes beri-beri ; and "antiC" which, as its name signifies, is e ssential for preventIOn of scurvy and which is supplied in larg e amount in fresh fruit and veg e tabl e s and in less amount in milk and meat.

The blood plasma, therefore, contains many important substances essential to the int e r-action of Vital Functions --proteins, salts, bicarbonate of soda, sugar, fat, vitamines hormones-in addition to the products of carbonic acid, wat e r, urea and uric acid. Th e latter, by the way, are not poi s onous as the ad vertis e m e nts of some popular remedies often state! Th e salts are ch ie fly those of sodium, potassium and calcium. Th e b icarbonate of soda, in combination with a variable content of c a rbonic acid, serves to maintain a constant slightly alk a line condition of the blood.

RESISTANCE TO DISEASE

Resistanc e to disease caus e d by germs is due to the action of th e white corouscles and the formation of certain anti -bodies in the blood, which either destroy the ge rms or assist the white cells to do so. This resistanC e can b e produced or stimulated artificially by th e inj e ction of th e of germs or their to xi ns in regu lated non -po isonous doses. In this fight with disease a p a rt is t a ken by the prot e ins of the blood plasma, which are d e ri ved from the food taken by mouth and simp lified in structur e in the proc e ss of digestion. Part of the prot e ins is us e d for feeding the tissues ; ye t more is present than is r e quired for tbis purpose and some doubt still exists as to how the e x cess is utilised. It s e rves, how e ver, to form blo o d -clot and also has a share in cr e at ing th e ant i-bodi e s b y which the human body is immunised against certa i n dis e as e s especially those of infectious character

In cas e s of wound -shock som e poison is suppos e d to be produced in the injured.tissue and to cause di la tation of the smaller blood vessels to such an exte nt that a great part of the blood is retained within these vess e ls and the patient collapses as if suffering from profuse external hcemorrhage. The condition used to be tr e ated by injection of salt solution, th e disadvantag e of this being that sal t consists of small molecules which pass rapidly through vessel walls. D Llring the Great War, the re fore, Professor Bayliss institut e d a more successful treatment of shock by Of. gum arabic. This substance, though inactIve of Itself, IS made up of larg e molecules to which the blood vess e ls are impervious, and e nabl e s the solution to remain in active circulation long enough for the patient III many instances to recov e r from the shock.

Such being the case, it is clearly shown that th e blood takes a most important share in the d e velopment of the body, in the support of life itself, in the maintenanc e of good health, and in the protection against disease

A doctor returned from a huntin g trip and announ c ed to his wife:." Well, my dear, I didn t kill anyth i ng "

Her mstantaneous reply was "That's what you g et for going off and neglectin g your bus iness ! "

Doctor: "Nothing but an operation will sav e your life. "

Patient : "What will it cost ? "

.( About £50."

"But I have only £10."

" In that case, let's try what p ills will do. "

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

JUNE, 1922

The Chi e f Commissioner has sanctioned the following appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

No 1 DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

Limehouse Division.-Supt. Marks resigned, 10.7.22

Norwood and Crystal Palace Division.-Supt. G " Gully resigned, 30.6.22

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Buckingham Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

Margaret Clare Bennett to be Lady Divisional Supt., 17.622

Reading Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Miss Chandler resigned, 16.6.22

Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Mills transferred from t'laas Nursing Division, No. 12 District.

Bournemouth Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Sinkins resigned, 11.7.22

City of Bristol Corps (Redland Division).-George Thomas Usher to be Ambulance Officer, 30.6.22

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Nursing Corps (Carrs Lane Nursing Division).-Lady Supt. Miss MacIlwaine transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 1.7.22

Birmingham Nursing Corps (Central Nursing Division )

-Ambulance Sister Frances Mary Gibbard to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 29.5.22

Lady Ambulance Officer G. A. Austin resigned, 13.6.22

NO. 4 DISTRICT.

Great Harwood Nursing Division.-Annie Cran to be Lady Divisional Supt., 14 6.22

City of Chester Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Margaret Hannah Posnett to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 14. 6 22

Rawtenstall Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Elizabeth Ann Donaldson to be Lady Divisional Supt., 295.22

Oldham Corps (Mumps Division).-Divisional Supt. J. Forrest transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 31.5.22

Blackburn Nursing Division.-Theresa Brothers to be Nursing Officer, 26.6.22

Ambleside Division.-Sergt. Cecil Thomas Tabor to be Divisional Supt., 30.6.22

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Corps Surgeon John James Huey, L.M. & S., L.S.A , to be County Surgeon for the Eastern Area of the West Riding of Yorkshire, 25.9.22

Sheffield Corps (Hands worth and District Division)-

J ames Blyth, M.D., C.M., to be Divisional Surgeon, 25.6.22

Longton and District Corps.- James Barlow to be Corps Officer, 3.5.22

Haltfax Corps (Eiland Division).-Sergt. Harold Beaumont to be Ambulance Officer, 20.6.22

Halifax and District Corps.-Harry Knowles Woodward, M.P.S., to be Corps Officer, 20 6.22

Sheffield Corps (Heeley Division).-Ambulance Officer

John Smith to be Divisional Supt., 22.622

Pte. Ebenezer Geldhart to be Ambulance Officer, 22.6.22

Worsborough and Distrist Nursing Division.-Margaret

Littlewood to be Nursing Officer, 17.6.22

Nottingham Corps ( G.N.R. Division).-Ambulance Officer

John Henry J arne to be Divisional Supt., 15.3.22

Mirfield Division.-Supt. W. H. Terry transferred from Ravensthorpe Division, 27.6:22

Pontefract Corps (Hemsworth Division ). - Martin Bromley Taylor, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 15 6 22

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Hetton-Ie-Hole Nursing Division. - Lady Ambulance Officer Isabel Robinson to be Lady Divisional Supt 7.6.22

Hull Corps (Western Nursing Division).-Ambulance

Sister Jean Andrews to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 27-4. 22

Hull Corps (R eckitts Nursing Division ) - Cec il Granville McClymont, M.R.C.S., L.R.c.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 16.6.22, vice Dr. Bendle resigned.

Hull Corps.-Divisional Surgeon Oswald Lucas Appleton, L.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Corps Surgeon, 7.6.22

Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps (Western Nursing Division ).Allen Holmsted Hobbs, M.D., B.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 7. 6 22

Darlington D ivision.-Corpl. Tempest Townson to be Ambulance Officer, 8.6.22

Mid-Durham Corps (B randon Colliery Division). - George Richmond Dobson to be Divisional Supt., 8.6.22

Thomas Blenkinsop to be Ambulance Officer, 8.6.22

Whitby Divis io n.-Ambulance Officer A. Brown resigned, 19 6 22

Withernsea Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Annie Maria Raper to be Lady Divisional Supt.

Lady Supt. Mrs. Melbourne resigned, 30 6.22

Derwent Valley Corps.-Pte. Edwin Dawson Armstrong to be Corps Sergeant Major, 7.6.22

North Tyneside Corps (Wallsend Nursing Division).-

Esther Snowdon to be Lady Divisional Supt., 16.6.22

Stella Coal Company Corps (Greenside Colliery Division ) -Supt. H. Qeilder res ig ned, 30.6.22

Mid-Durham Corps (Pelton Colliery Division).-Ambu· lance Officer Wdliam Liddle to be Divisional Supt., 19 6.22

No.8 DISTRICT.

Canterbury Div sion.-The following resignations have been accepted, 5.7.22 :-

Lady Divisional Supt. Miss M. Waterfield, Lady Ambulance Officers D. A. Hunt. E. A. Smith, M Clements, M. Denne, C. Rivaz, M. Carson.

Brighton and Hove Corps (Brighton Police Division).Supt. H. Fellin g ham resigned, 30.6.22

Ambulance Officer William Calder to be Divisional Supt., 22.6.22

Isle of Sheppey Division.-Ambulance Officer E. Ingram resigned, 30.6.22

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Borough of Plymouth Corps (Plymouth Co-operative Nursing Division ).-Lady Ambulance Officer Marion Phillips to be Lady Divisional Supt., 13-6.22

Ambulance Sister Edith Horn to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 13'6.22

Devenport Nursing Division.-Annie Carder to be Lady Divisional Supt., 23.6.22

Emily Davey to be Ambulance Officer, 20.6.22

Grampoun d Nursing Division.-Mary Croggan to be Lady Divisional Supt., 23.6.22

July, 19 22 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- 7

Plymouth Central Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. and Surgeon O. N. Walker resigns Lady Divisional Superintendentship, 22.6.22

No. 10 DISTRICT.

City of St. Albans Division. - rohn Wheeler Cleveland, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P , to be Divisional Surgeon, 6 6 22

Ipswich Corps.-Ambulance Sister Alice Hodgson to be Lady Corps Officer, 14.6 22

No. 12 DISTRICT.

Rathgar Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. Jackson resigned, 22.6.22

NEW DIVISIONS, &C

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named : NO.3 DISTRICT.

Cans Lane Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 30.6.22

West Birmingham Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 30.6.22

Stirchley Nursin g Division.-Disbanded, 10 6.22

NO.4 DISTRIC T

Central Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 30.6.22

NO.5 DI STRICT

Honley Nurs ing Division.-Re-instated, 2i.6.22

Mlrfield Division.-Sa nctioned, 27.6.22

Horsforth Nursing Division.-Sanct ioned, 30 6.22

Burley-in-Wharfedale Nursing Div isio n.-Sanctioned, 30 .6.22

Bradford Columba Dlvision -Sanctioned, 30.6.22

Bradford National Mo tor Volunteers Dlvision.-Sanctioned, 30.6 22

Clarence Iron and Steel Works Division.-Sanctioned, 30 6 22

Leeds and District Boys Scouts Division.-Sanctioned, 506 22

Idle Division.-Sanctioned, 30.6.22

Armley Nursing Divlsion.-Sanctioned, 30.6.22

Halmerend and Audley Division.-Disbanded, 306 22

Chesterton, Silverdale and Betley Section to form part of the Halmerend and District Corps.-30.6.22

No. 6 DI STR ICT.

South Moor Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 5.7.22

Brancepeth Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 11.7.22

Heworth Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 11.7 22

Cockfield Nursing Division.-Dlsbanded, 11.7.22

Whickham Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 1 I.7.22

Dawden Nursing Division. - Disbanded, 11.7 . 22

Th<?rnley Colliery Division.-Disbanded, 6.7.22

Spnngwell Colliery Cadet Division.-Disbanded, 30.6.22

JAMES R. A. CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

An interesting ceremony took place at Bedtord College for Women on the 6th July, the occasion being the presentation by H.R.H. Princess Christian of the certificales to Nurses who have completed the International Course in Public Health Nursing, 1921-1922.

This cours.e instituted in 1920 by the League of Re? Cross SOCIetIeS, and the present course is the second WhICh has been held. The students of the graduating

class are trained nurses, the names of the nurses and of the Countries they represent being as follows ;Mariann e Danko, Austria; Boiana Christove, Bulgaria; Nora Moore, Canada; Marie Anzenbacherova, Czechu · Sl o vakia; Anna Erma, Esthonie; Venny Snellman, Finland; Margaret James, Great Britain; Gizi de Hodossy, Hungary; Masayo Tabuchi, Japan; Elsa Grivan, Latvia; Elisabeth Anna Deuchler, Mexico; Edith Webster, New Zealand.

Miss Margaret James, representive of Great Britain, became a V.A.D. member when her Detachment, Warwick 7 2 was formed at the beginning of the war; she served fur nine months at Courtauld s Hospital, Coventry. She was th en transferred to the Second London General Hospital, Chelsea, where she served till February, 1917. Sh e then proce e ded to St. Thomas's Hospital, where she took her general training as a nurse, obtaining her certificat e in the summer of 192 r.

Sir Arthur Stanley, in his op e ning address, congratulated the stud e nts on their success, and then proceed e d to introduce H.R. H. Princess Christian, impressing upon hose present the signal honour which had been done them by Her Royal Highness's presence on that occasion. He p oi nted out that the history of nurses in this countr} is most intimately associated with Princess Christian-so unr e mitting and sympathetic has been the interest she has shown in this profession.

The students we re then presented to Her Royal Hi ghne ss by Margaret Tuke, Principal of BcdforJ Colleg e , and Her Royal Highness th e n presented the certificates, after which an exceedingly interesting address was giv e n by Professor Selscar M. Gunn, Director of European Activities, Rockefeller Foundation, on the role of the Public H e alth Nurse in the Public Health Programme.

A vote of thanks to Her Royal Highness was then put to the meeting, second e d, and carried with acclamation. Her Royal Highness briefly responded.

We hav e already m e ntioned in this Journal that th e Order of St. John had sanctioned the organisation of a "Brigade Day," and we noticed that this has now been held in several districts with conspicuous success. We believe it is intended next year to organise the "Day" from Headquarters so as to syncronise the date throughout the country. E

We would remind all Brigade members that re-examinations must be held prior to July 31st in each year unless written permission is obta.ined from the Commissioner for sam e to be held at a lat e r date. Cases arise in which members are unable to attend the annual re-examination through sickness or other unavoidable cause, and when such examination is held late in the year they may have no opportunity of sitting for re-examination and becoming e- fficient for the year through no fault of their own.

When corresp.onding with Advertisers please me.nt,ioa " FiPst Aid "

Owing to a request from a number of our readers we are publishing the Marking Sheets of the Final CornpE;tition on the L. & N. W. Railway. The winners of the test the Wolverton Ttam.

Card I.-You and two other ambulance men are on the platform of a country station one fine summer afternoon, when a farm labourer runs up and informs you that one of his mates, while cutting some hay from a stack, has fallen and injured himself, and is lying partly buried under a portion of the stack, which has collapsed on top of him. The scene of the accident is So yards away.

There is another ambulance man in the Goods Yard holding his horse.

Ambulance box and stretcher in the Porter's room; no doctor available.

A train for the nearest large town, five miles away, with good hospital and efficient ambulance service, is due in 45 minutes.

Brief questioning of messenger ,..

Despatch of messenger to other ambulance man

(a) To take over charge of horse '"

(b) Instruction to bring a:nbulance box and stretcher

Promptly proceeding to scene of accident

Card 2.-0n arrival you find that the man has been

At 1>- July,

dragged away from beneath the hay by some bystanders, well away from danger, and is lying as you find him.

Card 3.-Patient is unconscious, breathing has ceased, face is pale, the boot on the right foot is covered with bloo?, the sole of the boot being cut completely across, and blood IS flowing from a wound in the foot. T here are well marked signs of fracture of the left leg, midway between the ankle and the knee.

Brief

face becoming congested.

method of artificial respiration

Adjust patient's position...

On his back

Remove all tight clothing

Raise and support shoulder

Draw out and secure tongue

When breathing commences regulate movements

Excite respirations; smelling salts and snuff

Breathing being established(a) Promote circulation and warmth

Friction to upper limbs

Extra clothing

Sal volatile and water: Tea, Coffee if reqUired

First test power of swallowing...

(f) Watch patient carefully

OF INJURIES. Right foot-

(a) Maintain flexion

(b) Removal boot and stocking

(c) Examination of wound

Ans. large incised wound extending across sole of foot

(d) Regard for cleanliness of one's own hands (application of iodine) '"

(e) Free application of iodine solution to wound

(f) Dry stenle dressing

(g) Foot bandage

(h) Application of pads to Posterior and Arterior Tibial

(i) Maintain in position by tight bandage

(j) Release flexion

(k) Elevation of limb

Left leg-Simple fracture

(a) Steady and support

(b) Gentle extension

(c) Application of splints (2) above the knee and beyond the foot

(d) Bandages (4)...

GENERAL TREATMENT.

(a) Further examination - Ans. No further injuries 2

(b) Encouraging words 2

(c) Hot tea, coffee, milk, &c., if available 2

(d) Alcoholic stimulants after bleeding is controlled 2

(e) Warm clothing 2

(f) Mention or use of hot water bottle- penalty

5 points

(g) Careful watch over patient 2 TRANSPORT.

Stretcher found to be useless-

(a) Stretcher improvised 8

(i) Two pitchforks 4

(ii) Tarpaulin sheet 4

fb) Loading on gate 6

(c) Carrying on gate 6 Extra marks... 10

July, 19 22 , -FIRST

Removal to porter's room to await arrival of train

Telephone hospital

Telephone ambulance

Tactful message to patient's home

Detailing one or two men to proceed with patient

General smartness

INDIVIDUAL INJURIE S

Bearer No. I.-On a slippery day you see a young man !n front of you slip, stagger, try to recover himsel! -cry out 1n pain. He then sits dowl! the g:ound .and m the act of sitting down he catches hiS rIght shm agamst the edge of a tin trunk. He sits there looking very pale and then rolls over on his right side unconscious. His right trouser leg and boot become blood stained. There is no deformity of the legs to be seen. Treat him.

At once elevate right leg... 2

Maintain elevation right leg by support of foot on trunk or box...

Place the patient in the correct position for unconscIousness on back. Head low and to one side 3

Loosen tight clothing-neck... I

Exposure right leg- Method clothes

Also remove garters and constnctIons

Card A.-Small wound seen just above the right ankle over a distended vein-bleeding now ceased.

Treatment wound-Iodine swab 2

Dressing sterilised pad-Method of applying dressings... 2

Three bandages 2

( Reason why)

Treat unconscious state, while maintaining elevation, by smelling salts-burnt feather

Cald B.--Patient comes round and complains of pain over the right knee joint and loss of power to l ift the leg. right patella

Treatment fracture - Raise head and shoulders I

Back splint- (length ) ( padded) 2

Two bandages for fractured patella 2

Two bandages for leg to splint

I ce bag over fracture... 2

Treat shock

Enquiries

Remove on stretcher to med ical assistance still maintaining elevation of foot

Bearer No.2. -You notice an old lady while walking along the platform, catch her left foot in a loop of rope and fall down on her left side. You rush to her assistance- she is in great pain and says she cannot rise as her left leg hurts. What injuries might you expect to find? How do you diagnose and treat them?

I nj uries- Bruise-hi p Frdcture neck femur

Diagnose-Bruise-pain '"

Diagnose -Fracture-great shock

Position left leg and left toot

Inability to raise left heel from the ground

Shortening

Crepitus

Treatment-Bruise-Lotion

Treatment-Fracture- Traction left foot

Both legs full extension and in line

Tie both feet

One long external splint padded...

Seven bandages, both limbs, outside clothes

Method passing bandages

Correct knots

Treat shock

Hot bottles (test heat) '"

Inquiries -name and address of patient

Medical assistance

Send on stretcher with report

Send tactful message home

Bearer No. 3·-You are called to render First Aid to a

AID - 9

man who has fallen with his face and hands into quicklime

Treat him.

Brush the lime oft his face, hands and eyes

Pick bits of lime out or 2

Exclude air (by means of wool ) while you prepare for further treatment...

Wash face, hands and eyes with acid lotion-

Lemon juice ... ...

Vinegar and water, equal quant ities

Then thoroughly flush with water

Prepare face mask

Lint with-boracic ointment, ; thicklv spread, J 2

Picric acid lint 2

Special treatment of eyes -

Evert the upper lid (correct method ) 3

Carelul to p ick out all the lime

Apply oil (olive, castor)

Drops of No.2 ambulance lotion

Place thick pads of wool over the eyes

Bandages, eyes, fairly tightly

Special treatment of hands-

Use dressings (picric lint, boracic ointment ) in strips 2

Reasons whyStrips fit better?

Exclude air better?

Easy to red ress ?

Lessen shock?

Treat shock

Send to medical aid as quickly as possible

'Vhy -

Danger of blindness, if any quicklime be left in the eyes

Avoid breaking blisters I

2

Bearer No. 4.-An ang-ry foreigner is seen in altercat ion with a guard. The guard raises his left arm to defend himself and he is stabbed in the region of the left axilla. He cries OUt he is stabbed and falls down. You rush up to find the g uard in a fainting condition with blood running down his left hand

Treat him

Digital compression of left subclavian artery-

Speed 2

Method 3

Efficiency... ')

Call for assistance at hand

Instruct - control crowd - ambulance outfit - medical assistance

Stretcher

Still maintaining digital pressure, expose wound In axilla-method

Treatment of wound-iodine

Sterilised: dressing

Method of handling and applyin g

Pad - size 2

Correct bandage for axilla 2

Bandage round elbow very tight... 2

Relax digital compression and test bleeding... 2 ( Bleeding now ceased )

Treat shock

o alcohol to be given I

Remove to hospital in ambulance as quickly as possible I

Careful watch to see no return of h ce morrhage 2

Speed

Bearer No 5.-You are called to render first aid to an accident. On arrival you' find two injured workmen lying clos'! together. No. un cons c ious but breathing and his right trOllser leg is stained with blood. No.2 complains of great pain in the r ight forearm and blood is seen trickling down the hand.

Treat them.

No. 2 first attention- immediate d igital compression brachial artery 2

Efficiency.. 2

Send for assistance (at hand ) ·-direction s prepare tourniquet and application brachial artery

Efficiency

Now treat No. I - Unconscious s tate

Method of exposure injured right leg

Card A.-Slight wound, right shin, bleeding ceased.

to 2-Exposure left arm.

Card B.-Reveals compound fracture left forearm (both bones).

Treat wound-iodine, dressing (method)

Light bandage, no pad

Relax tourniquet-test for cessation hce morrhage Card C.-Hcemorrhage ceased.

Leave tourniquet in position

Apply splints and bandages

Give no alcohol

Carefully watch for return of h ce morrhage

bleeding returns tighten tourniquet

NDIVIDU AL QUESTIONS.

Bearer No. I.-A man receives a violent blow on the top of the head, what injuries may be present?

Name the exact class to which the undernamed poisons belong and state if you would give an emetic.

July, 19 22

The Birth and Early Days of Our Ambulance Trains in France, August, 1914 to April, 1915.

By COL G. A. MOORE, C.M.G, D S.O., M.B. (Concluded from

page 208.)

The BriLlsh Red Cross train No. II now started WC! k and proved from the first a great success. No. z also, the" khaki" train under Captain D--, had arrived from Englan d, a beautifully fitted train, with intercommunication between all the coaches.

Now was the time to profit by uur hard·gained experie nce, so from mid-Novtmber to the end of the month the chief work consisted in submitting plans of types of coaches for our ambulance trains, t hat is to say, coaches for our lying -do wn cases, for sitting.up cas e s, pharma cy cars, kitch en, quarters for staff and personnel, etc.

All this was made easy by obtaining the views 01 the different officers commanding the twelve trains, who had lived on these trains for months and who were accordingly far the best judges of what improvements of any kind should be added.

Picture then our proud fleet of ambulance trains

Almost everyone of the original heavy goods wagons on trains I, 2 and 3, had by now been r eplaced by first and second class carriag es of the various grtat railway companies of France-La Compagnie du Nord, de l'Ouest, l'Etat, du Paris, Lyuns, Mediterranean, etc.

AID.- II

members of the French Senate visited our trains, and train depots, and studied our methods.

At this period a scheme was worked out for the provision of supplementary emergency trains to be ready to work at shortest notice in time of heavy fighting or great pressure.

On February 8, Sir John Furley, the originator of the "Princess Christian Train," arrived in France with an offer to place this splendid train at the disposal of our armies. This was subsequently accepted, and the train did magnificent work for our sick and wounded.

There were rough times and few nights in bed for our train staff just then, owing to the transport of many casualties from the heavy fighting at Neuve Chapelle. Our organization stoud the strain splendidly, and the work of the medical officers, sisters, and Royal Army Medical Corps, was beyond all praise.

On March 18 I learned that I should soon be relinquishing duties in connection with the train service, as the Director·General wished me to take over a large Red Cross Hospital. Accordingly, on March 23, I handed over to my successor and said farewell to the work on which I had been continuously engaged since August 24, 1914

A few words of explanation will be of interest before closing this little story. Among the many anxious problems our medical service had confronting them in August, 1914, were:-

(I) To find-yes, quickly too-sufficient and suitable railway accommodation for the transport to th e sea bases of the sick and wounded of the Expeditionary Force at that time fighting against overwhelming odds and in countries unknown to them.

arne the exa:::t class to which the undernamed pOIsons belong, and state if you would give an emetic.

of Salt

Acid.

of Salt.

Bearer No. 2.-A man receives an injury causing .a plicated fracture of ribs. o.rgans may be IDJured and give the symptoms of each lllJury bnefly.

Intestinal

Name the exact class to which the undernamed belong and state if you would give an emetic.

In the compartments of these excellent carriages, swung on comfortable springs, we placed our serious lyingdown ca!>es; introducing devices both to broaden the seats on which they would lie, an d to steady the patient on his stretcher should the train swing or jolt.

In the third-class carriages we placed those sick and wounded who were able to sit up and feed th em selves Skin cases, infectious cases, and mental cases were accommodated in special carriages.

We placed two kitchtns on each train, one near one end and the other near the middle of the train to facilitate the cooking for the strious cases.

As these trains carried up to 800 cases and were 3'20 yards in kng th, one can realise that th e COJks were kept pretty busy day and night preparing for the next meal.

Two medical officers, three sisters, and forty ·five noncommissioned officers and men formed the personnel of each train.

(2) Having such trains, to obtain for them all the stores and eqUipment necessary for their useful employment-such stores, etc. being at the time unobtainable from Army sources. Happily success attended the operations. Thank God, on no occasion had sick and wounded to be left behind owing to the want of wellequipped ambulance trains, as the growth of these kept pace with the growth of our armies_

From April, 1915, onwards, the new beautifully fitted ambulance trains made in our great English railway works began to arrive. These have been running without ceasing ever since, a splendid and efficient service, worthy of its high functions, the caring for and carrying of our gallant soldiers.

State the exact class to the ul!dernamed pOisons belong and state if you would give an emet ic Caustic Soda.

" I don't like your heart action," the doctor said, applying the stethoscope again. "You have had some trouble with angina pectoris, haven't you?"

"You're right in a way, doctor," said the young man sheepishly, "only that isn't her name."

When corresponding with Advertiaers pkaee IDeDtion "First Aid."

In addition to th e transport of the sick of our British troops , we established an am bulance train transport for sick Indian troops between Boulogne and the neigh bouring hospitals. Th e new ambulance train depot under Lie utenant and Quartermaster 0-- cat ere d ex c e llently fO T the n ee ds of all the trains. Here, an ambulance train, whi ch bad just brought in a large consignment of sick and wou nded, could be refitted, revictualled, etc., and made read y to start off again in two hours.

Th e beginning New Year, I9IS, not only saw th e plan s for our English·made ambulanc e trains complete but the work on actual trains well forward. Good news, as the Frenc h could provide no more coaches or vans to replace tho se which had become broken down through their ceasejourneyings. Our organisation efforts were of special Interest to the French Government who were faced with a like problem, the provi sion of ambulance train transport for their sick and wounded. Groups of medical and other

Throughout the p t riod under review, the British Red Cross and 8t. JCohn of Jerusalem Societies were of the greatest possible assistance to the Army Medical Service by the provision of a complete ambulance train No. II and a nev e r failing supply of comforts of all descriptions for our sick and wounded. The officers of the Royal Engineers, those of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps, Royal Army Service Corps,. and all their comrades, staff, R. T.O.'s, etc , stood by us splendidly on all occasions.

Eleven out of the twelve trains mentioned in this story were made up of French railway carriages and vans given to our service by the French Government. When one remembers that during the whole of this period our gallant French comrades were suffering terrible losses : and that their n e€ d for E.very available railway wagon was as great as own own, we must record our most heartfelt thanks to the French Government, and to the chiefs of their great railway systems, who spared us those wagons tor our trains, and whose officers and workers helped and encouraged us in every possible way.

In conclusion it would be reasonable to mention the work of those to whose efforts the success of the enterprise

may be mostly attributed. Everyone of the forty officers and some 400 non-commissioned officers and men of the Royal Army Medical Corps, engaged on our train service were out to give the "best of his best" for each sick or wounded comrade canied on his train. Trouble was a word unknown. Night and day were alike when work had to be done. And what am I to say of the work of our nursings sisters on the trains-just this, that no words could adequately describe their untiring energy, their gentleness, skill, and devotion to the 67,000 of England's best who travelled to sea bases in France between August, 1914, and April, 1915, on the "First Twelve Ambulance Trains ."

AFTERWORD.

Often it is asked when and from what sources did we get our ambulance train service in France at the beginning of the war.

This story is written to answer these questions and recall times of stress and fine work to many of the hundreds of Royal Army Medical Corps regulars and volunteers, members of the Red Cross and St. John of Jerusalem and kindred societies, male and female, to whom the care and carriage of our splendid sick and wounded men were entrusted in the early days of the Great War.

To show how their efforts were appreciated, one letter from among hundreds of others ran as follows :No.8 Casualty Clearing Station, D ecember 20, 1918.

I am returning herewith the story of " The Birth and Early Days of our Ambulance Trains in France. I was intensely interested, more personally interested perhaps than any oth<::r who has ever read it, for I was one of the eighty badly wounded whom you refer to as "arriving in Army Service Corps Wagons» at Coulommiers on September 8, 19 1 4.

I did that sixty-hour journey in your train and was put on to the ,. Asturias" at St. Nazaire. I had a gunshot wound fracture on both my femurs. So I feel I can say nothing less than that I probably have to thank you all for keeping my leg if not my life. It was touch and go, and another twenty-hours hours lying about at Coulommiers would have done me in, I'm sure.

Yours,

AID. July,

equal number of marks. A little practical first aid is worth a lot of theory.

It has sometimes been observed that the best competition men are by no means the best" first-aiders )l when called upon to deal with actnal cases of disability. If is any truth in this statement it probably arises from the fact that some men have the ability to memorise pages of the first aid manual and reel them off to the judge when required, but if ask e d to actually administer the treatment they so glibly define, might be found wanting. Saying what he would do is by no means a reliable measure of a competitor's ability to do. Telling the what he would do for a patient will not do th e latter much good, although it may impress the former and secure marks in comp etitions. It is acts that count in the real cases and acts only that should count in competitions if thtse are really to comply with what is stated to be the objects of the contests.

Many highly skilled first-aiders can no more adequately express by spoken word what they would do in certalO circumstances than they can commit their thoughts to writing, but they can efficiently administer the correct treatment when called upon to do so. Asked to enumerate the various stages of treatment, however, they might omit things which would come naturally if allowed to do the work. Such men might be hopelessly outclassed in some competitions by others who can memorise the manual, but are indifferent in practical work , It is the practical work which may alleviate suffering and save life or limb. No amount of talking woula do it.

July, 19 22 -FIRST

marks. Ask a physician to give a list (there is a time limit, please) of the various forms of illness in which he would prescribe a particular drug. Some of the finest doctors in the world would fail, but it does not mean that faced with any of the for which it is the recognised remedy, they would fall to promptly pr e scribe it.

This form of question is manifestly unfair and it certainly does not test ' the competitor's ability as a firstaider. Doubtless there are some competitors who would score: marks upon it as there are some who can perform other mental cahsthemcs, but this is entirely beside th e point.

Competitions as now arranged are capable of improveand FIRST AI? has consistently advocated changes 10 these contests whIch would make for more realism and render them of greater utility to the Ambulance Movement. O?e. in which this might be done is by the ehmlDatlOn of the Vlva-voc e test. Its obSEquies are over due.

fetters to the gditot'.

We are in no way resfatlsible /01' tke opinions expressed, or the statements made, b, CO'l''?espondents.-EDITOR, ETC.

FIRST AID TREATMENT BY DOYS.

AI D.- 13

and one would expe ct to have points deducted for .q uestionIng an unconscious patient. Further, the patient havmg been warned by the judge that the team would be disquall.fi ed he attempted to help in any way other than by keep10g rIght foot on Its outer side, would certainly not have replIed to questions." In card 3 the patient recovers consciousness but is unconscious again before we have read the card. Bow can we know that he has tried to raise his right l.eg and cannot? Any man one passes in the street may be trymg. to do something, say twit c h his right ear, and cannot but we wIll not know unless he tells us. I trust that th is will not be taken as an imputation of unfairness in any way, as of course It was the same for all teams. I hope that we shall have some further comments on this. I t is not a habit of mine to write about competition tests but really---. I am, yours truly, HOPEFUL.

INSPECTIONS.

DEAR SIR,-I quite agree with your correspondent T. W. H. FIRST Am, April, pp. 160- 170, as to the fact that the Annual Intinn is apparently not regarded by "the powers that be" as it should be.

First: it is undoubtedly all your correspondent claims for It. The opportunity in 52 week.s for the meeting of old comrades t.ne renewing of old acquamtances, the recalling of pr.o fitable not always pleasant reminiscences, and, to my mmd there IS the great advertising value of the event.

One wou!d think that all those in authority with influ en c e smcerely anxIous to foster the S.J.A.B. and its work in every shape form would value publicity, sustained publicity, in my experience have never found th is to be the case.

G.R.F.

Viva Voce Tests in Ambulance Competitions.

(A PLEA FOR THEIR ELIMINATION).

IT will be generally admitted (and it is, in fact, include d in the printed conditions of the principal ambulance competitions) that the object of these contests is "to test the ability of the competitors to deal with cases UDder conditions of actual emergency." It is submitted that the general practice of testing the abilities of competitors partly by means of viva-voce tests is unsound and that they should be judged exclusively on practical work, i.e., by what they do for the "patient" in certain supposed circumstances, rather than by what they sav they would do. Many a first aider who can render the prescribed treltment when called upon to do so, finds it difficult to express himself to the satisfactlOn of the judge and state in proper sequence the treatment he would apply so ab to obtain an

The viva-voc e test has, it is b e lieved, been taken from the usual form of first aid examination, but whilst too much be said in favour of it even in this connection, it is submltted that the objects of examination and competition are not parallel. An examination is held in order to ascertain whether the examinees have a certain standard of first aid knowledge but the raison d'etre of the competition is to find which of a number of men or teams of men is the most highly qualified to render first aid. if the viva-voce test in competitions has had anythlOg to recommend it in the past, it is submitted that it has lost that claim to-day. Time was when an ambulance competition consisted of simple and direct questions and easy cases of treatment, whereas to-day such IS the hlgh standard of the efficiency of the competitors that the resourceful adjudicators will readily admit that they are now considerably exercised in framing tests to meet the needs of the modern ambulance competition. The test cases have become more intricate and more involved and if they are not to defeat the object for which they exist they must be made more realistic and less fanciful, they should approximate more to actual cases which the men might be called upon to deal with outside the competition room, they should be more practical and less theoretical.

A form of question that has been introduced in recent years and which unfortunately appears to find favour in some quarters cannot be ignored. A competitor is asked to enumerate the various forms of disability in which he either. administer a particular drug, or apply a particular dresslOg. Now, many first-aiders faced with any of f?rms of disability for which the drug or ?resslOg IS apphcable would not fail to administer or apply It, bu t many, other than those who train specially for competltIon prowess, could fully answer such questions. The competitor is told he is allowed so many minutes to answer and under the stress of the time imposition he probably finds considerably difficulty in making even a few

SIR.-As a membe.r of the City Ambulance Corps, and an N.C.-O., I was on duty In on.e of the large parks in this city on Whit Monday. The gatherIng of people was fairly large and composed mostly of women and chIldren . We had three squ';lds of in un iform on duty, also six nursing sisters. WhIlst moving about where the crow d was thickest, I cam e across two boy scouts attemptIng to render .first aid to a lady (adult) who had famted. They were applYIng strong liquid ammOnIa to the nostrIls of the unconscious patient so strong that on smelling it it brought tears to my eyes. No attempt had app.arently been made to undo tight clothing. that there was a body of ambulance men and nursIng sisters on duty to attend to such cases I should like to know whether it i.s in order ?C?Ys of 12 or 14 years of age to tamper With cases of InsenSibility, especially females.

The rules and regulations of the St. John Ambulance BrIgad e does not allow young men or women to join before th ey are 18 years of age, the reasons are obvious.

The boy scout movement may be an admirable organisatIO n for boys, but I think ambulance cases such as the above shou ld be left to persons more experien ced than boys of 12 of age.. There appears to be great need for improvement m teachIng these boys first aid. I know personally men .co nnected with the scout movement who took their first aid certificate twenty years ago and have never kept it up but have recently blossomed out into instructors. I am a stro ng advocate of any man teaching first aid being in poss essIOn o.f the instructor's certificate, and hope that will be com pulsory 10 the near future.- Yours, &c., EFFICIENCY FIRST.

THE INTER-RAILWAY FINAL.

SIR,-I very interested in Dr. Lakin 's comm ents in Issue of FIR ST Am, and as he says that his cnhclsms are intended to help, I suppose that we must take it so, though to they make confusion worse confounded. As old compet.ltor, who has taken part in many Inter-Railway I conSider the test thiS year the thinnest I have er known, and as the highest score of nine good teams was 89 out of ISO, probably others agree. Dr. Lakin says h still exist, t.he patients could help by repeating t elr lDstructlOns. The patient ( Card 2) in this case was quite

If I were responsible for the public ity, I ",ould have the photos of the rnspectlOn showlDg the fall in, the ;: nspection and the marchlDg off of the ground with a crisp little account of the events and allusions to the voluntary nature of the S.J.A.B. and war service.-Yours, &c.,

E. J. R.

THE RECURRENCE OF THREE.

" . SIR,-Many aiders read with regret the word F10ls at the conclUSIOn of Dr. Corbet Fletcher's series of c orrect ions to "Common Errors in First-Aid."

Your Journal has been raised to a high level of usefulness by those correctIOns, and we look forward hoping ere long another equally helpful series will commence'. ' ,

Dr. has repeatedly called attention (pag e 142) to the cunous way m which "Combination of Three" (ona remarkable feature of First Aid-perhaps the followmay be of inter est, they are all found in a most 10terestlDg book-" Number" by E. W. Bullinger, D.D, T HREE.

In th is number we have quite a new set of phenomena.

\Ne come to the first geometrical figure. Two straight lines cannot possibly enclose any space, or form a plane figure; neither can two plane surfaces form a solid. are necessary to form a plane figure; and tltree of length, breadth and height, are necessary t<;> form a solid. Hence three is the symbol of the cube-the SImplest form of solid figure. As two is the symbol of the square, or plane contents (x 2 so. three is the symbol of the cube, or solid contents (x 3

Three, therefore, stands for that which is solid real subs tantial, comp lete, and entire. ,

All things that are spe cia lly complete are stamped with thiS number three.

God's attributes are tltree: omniscience, omnipresence, and omnipotence.

There are three gr eat divisions completing time - past present, and future. '

Tltree person, in grammar, express and include all the relationships of mankind.

Thought, word, and deed, complete the sum of human capability.

.T.lwee degrees of comparison complete our knowledge of qualItIes.

AID.--

The simplest proposition requires three things to complete it : viz, the subject, the predicate, and the copula.

Tltree propositions are necessary to complete the simplest form of argument-the major premiss, the minor, and the conclusion_

Three kingdoms embrace our ideas of matter-mineral, vegetable, and animal.

Three denotes Divine completeness or perfection.

Tlzree is the first of four perfect numbers (3,7, 10 and 12 )

These are but a few extracts, but sufficient to give First Aiders an idea of the Wonders of the number Three.

We are looking forward to our Annual Inspection which to be complete, entire and real, should also include three things

I nspection of neatly arranged pouches.

Inspection of clean water bottles.

Inspection of well-thumbed text-books.

Brigade men are keen on a perfect, entire, and exhaust ive annual inspection, and if you button-hole three men, one may say, "Yes, an ideal inspection is all right, but we tall-in by companies, the men of several divisions are mixed in one company, if our own division is keen about our pouches, another division, mixed with us, may not be so careful and we get let down through them."

The second man may say, " They cannot inspect my textbook because I hav'nt one. I believe in having a text-book in my head not in my pocket." The third man will say, " Inspection-yes, but don't let us hang about for hours doing nothing."

You see we get a triad of opinions even about an annual inspection.

During the last three weeks the greatest official actIvIty has sprung into effect, which will do more than anything ever before attempted, in the way of supplying first-aid treatment to the citizens of London. The St. John Brigade wishing to continue first in must realize the high standard of our work in the past, has been but as a rung in the ladder which, we ascend year by year and to higher levels rise.- Yours truly, T.W.H.

and J\nswet's to eot't'espondents.

Queries will be dealt with under the tollowing rutes :-

T.-Letters containin!. Queries must be marked on tke top lelt kana corner 0/ tke envelope cc and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, LondlJn. E,C'4'

-A II Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut /1'011 the currmt issue ot the Journal, 01' in case 0/ Queries from abro(J( from a recent issue.

?-The Textbook, to which. reference may be made in these columns is th.e 36th. (I920) Edition of S.{A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

CONTROL OF SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY.

A. C. ( Halifax ).-At a recent examination I was told to stop the Subclavian Artery by pad and bandage. As the Textbook describes no such method, please tell me if there is any way to stop it besides digital pressure.

The position of the artery is such that to mainta£n jJressure on it by pad and bandage is very difficult and most uncertain, (I) because such force is required to keep up pressure: and (2) because the pad tends to slip down and over the clavicle.

Pressure by pad and bandage has, however, been obtained by using as pad a 2-inch roller bandage and an elastic bandage. The latter is stretched fully and wound over pad; thence it is passed from front of chest over shoulder and down ba c k; and thence between legs to front of body again. This turn is repeated if necessary; and one or two turns are arranged under opposite axilla to prevent pad slipping outwards and

downwards. Elastic compression, however, has the great advantage that it tends to interfere with respiration.

Under these circumstances pressure on Subclavian Artery by pad and bandage is not recommended in Textbook and the only method available, 1( pressure has 10 be maintain d for some time, is to use a door-key well padded. If digital pressure be relied upon, then, in view of the force required to control the artery, it will be necessary to superimpose the fingers or thumb of the other hand as for digital pressure of Femoral Artery.CORBF.T FLETCHER.

DIAGNOSIS OF FRACTURES.

M. A. (Lewisham).-Can the variety of a fracture-simple or compound-be ascertained with certainty without exposing it? Is absence of blood soaking through clothing sufficient proof that the fracture is not compound? I shall be grateful for your opinion on these points.

For all practical purposes the absence of bloodstains on clothing over fracture or of dampness suggestive of such is sufficient proof that a fracture is not compound. Of course, this decision is to be arrived at only after mature consideration and WIth consistent and persistent exercise of your powers of observation. The point is that First Aiders are not encouraged to expose simple fracture (I) because by so doing they delay removal of patient to doctor and (2) because unnecessary manipulations may convert a simple fracture into a compound or complicated.

I is curious that nowhere does the Textbook lay down this universally accepted First Aid rule of not uncovering simple fracture. The nearest it gets to it is on page 49 ( Rule 6, a) where it teaches-" splints should be applied over the clothlDg.-N.C. F.

USE OF OILS WITH BURNS_

M. T. (Vicars Hill).-In absence of boric ointment would an oily facemask in a case of burn due to corrosive alkali be wrong, provided that face be first bathed with weak acid lotion?

Oily dressings are no longer "dressings of choice" for Burns and Scalds because oils are difficult to sterilise and carry with them increased risks of sepsis, a danger already present with the original injury, especially if skin of part is broken.

The Textbook, therefore, advises cotton wool as an aseptic dressing, or lint smeared with boric ointment-" if at hand" ( p. IT2 )-as a mild antiseptic Failing this, a facemask soaked in bicarbonate of soda solution would be suitable as dressing or a fomentation made with boric lint, and an oily facemask only as a last resource, if at all ! !-N.C. F.

TREATMENT OF BURST VARICOSE VEIN.

M. A. (L ewisham) .-Pleas e' tell us how you would stop bleeding from a burst varicose vein in leg (I) immediately over or near a fracture of leg, and (2) with a crushed foot.

(I) I would apply a firm bandage below wound and fracture, because in this case the Textbook forbids pressure on a fracture (p. 85, Rule 10), and also one above wound and fracture, because the Textbook forbids elevation of a broken limb (p. 80, Rule 2). This done and bleeding controlled, I would cover wound with light dressing, and then proceed to treat fracture in ordinary way.

(2) As the burst varicose vein is in leg, its treatment will not clash with that for crushed foot. I would, therefore first treat the burst vein and then deal with the crushed foot, modifying my treatment of the latter by keeping foot well raised.-N. C. F.

F. L. W. (Birmingham) asks whether a badge like the one in the Textbook, with a tale or a numeral plate attached is allowed to be worn on the arm of a Brigade uniform.

[The only b1dge which can be worn in Brigade uniform is that authorised by the RegulationsJ.-ED.

Ordinary forms of Iodine are too irritat· ing to use in many of the cases otherwise, iodine would be the ideal treatment, because of its remarkable antiseptic, inflammation-reducing and healing properties. Iodex is non-irritating, non-staining iodine of marked penetrative power. It is bland, and promotes rapid healing. It is therefore ideal in septic woullds, burns scalds, tears, abrasious, bruises, inflamed feet, etc. Of all

Chemists at 2/- per pot. Men ley and

Io. James, Ltd., 64, Hatton Garden,

A Short History of The ORDER OF ST. JOHN of Jerusalem.

A record of rooo years of unselfish heroism, 01 faith crowned with "ictory, of vivid historical pageantry, from 1014 to 1919.

From Godfrey de Bouillon to Lord Allenby.

The whole undying story of this wonderful organisation that has survived all the changes and chances of wars, revolutions, and apathy, will be found in this concise little volume.

A Book of Absorbing Interest.

Here are names to conjure with-Raymond 01 Tripoli, Ccepv de Lion, Saladin, Don John the Victor of Lepanto, La Valette

The whole Romance of the 8=pointed Star.

By E. M. TENI50N.

With frontispiece of a Knight of lhe Order, and a Ponrait of H.R.H. The Prince of Wales in the l{obe of the Order. Paper, 3s_ 6d. net. Postage 4d. Also Cloth, 5s. net, and an Editi on-de-Luxe, in i -leather, 65 copies only, each signed and numbered by the Author, lOs. 6d_ net.

The Society of SSe Peter and Paul (Ltd.), 3 2 George St., Hanover Sq., London, W.I.

or partial reealog - before and after weaning

If one meal of Ben ger's is given WIth the breast, the subsequent complete weantng proceeds smoothly and without check.

Food for INFANTS, INV ALIDS&theAGED.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In AI PR,ESCRIPTION

READ INC" and U ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work

Just Published.

X-RAY ATLAS OF THE ARTERIES

By H. C. ORRIN, O.B.E., F.R.C.S.(Ed.), E x aminer in First-Aid.

This is the only Alias uf its kind. It is pocket size and consists of 20 Figures and Plate, of the Arterial System, with Pressure Points ind caled. Price 2/6 net (postage 2d.)

Atlas of First Aid.

By BERNARD MYERS, M. D. late Lecturer St. John Amb. Ass. Pocket size, with 12 double-page coloured Plates, containing 42 Figures, with Text. Price 1/ 6 net. (postage 3d .).

Questions and Answers on Ambulance Work.

By J. MARTIN, M_D. Revised by LEONARD S. BARNES, Official Lecturer and Examiner \0 the St. John Amb. Ass. Eighteenth Edition. Pp. viii+ 125. Price 1/6 net (postage 2d ).

Questions and Answers on Home Nursing

By J. MARTIN, M.D. Revised by LEONARD S. BARNES. Sixth Edition Pp. viii + 167. Price 2/- net (postage 2d.).

BAlLLIERE, TINDALL « COX, 8, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W,C.2.

AI D.- Jul y, [9 22

By

MANUALS OF FIRST-AiD, &c.,

N. CORB ET FLETCH ER, M.B., B.C., B.A.(Ca r

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth E d iti on. P os fre e, 18.

tab). M.R.C.S.

Flrst·Ald Sl mplllled and Tabulated, with A dS to Memory.

Col Sir Janus Can tlie contrib u tes an t r odu ctio n an d we en do r se h i s ,l!ooa opin ion of the book. "-LA N CHT.

AIDS TO H O ME-NURSING.

Second E di t on P r ce 9d .• pos t free.

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" This book wo n d erfu lly simjlifies a compleoX s u bject a d sho u ld be re a d bv a li stu dents."-L. & N. W. Rv. GAZHTTE

WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID.

T h rd Ed it ion Pri ce lB post fr ee DIfficulties 10 Study and Treatment 1I0lved by Question and Answer.

II W e commen d this book to Lectu rers an d St u de n ts who will fi n d it of great se.viee. "-FIRST AID.

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AN INDEX OF IFIRST-AID.

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FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL '=D"'" I "" A=GC::R""A=-M S.

Thir een (I to 12 and T4) on Roll er Post fr ee. 38. 9d. ne t. No 13 (separate y) Male and Female Genital Organs, IS.

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FIRST AID

- AND THE -

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

No. 338.-VOL. XXIX AUGUST , 1922.

NOTICE TO READERS.

FI RST AID is published on the 01 eacb montb. The Annual Subscription Is 3oS. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement Ot Ambulance Work in a ll its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes sugges t ions for Practical Papers.

All Repor ts, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12t h of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily For oub li cation) by t he name and address of the Correspondent.

Subscriptlons, Advertlsements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4.

7 elegraplr.ic A ddres s: "Twentv-four, London."

7 elep hone No. 5477 Bank.

THE COMPLETE MANIKIN.Syst ems of Bod y a ccur ately inde xed . I nva lu able to S tu d en ts o f An at omy Med icine , First- Aid an d A lli ed Su b jects P rice 25. ne t posta ge, 4d.

THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAGING.

By THBKLA BOWSER.

Illu st rat ed. Po s free, Is. 3d.

POCKET FIRST AID SERIES.

THIR D RDITIO"

By Col. R J BLACKHAM, C.B • C M O" C I.E. D S - O M.D, (I Po isoning (2) Haemo rr hage ("1) I me n sibi lity, (4) Asphyx a Breath ing), (5) F ractures, Dislocati(ln< and Sprains, (6) Wounds, BItes, Scalds, Rupt u re a n n Mino r In jur ies. T he Series co n lains all the e sentials of Fi rst Aid. Printe d on linen- ined ca rds, 3i" x 6d. nett each; postage 2d ext r:'l

HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS.

By NOEL O BARDSWELL, M.V O. M D., F.R C.P. Fscp. 8vo. li mp cloth IS. 6d. n et; post 3d.

THE BIRTH AND EARLY DAYS OF OUR AMBULANCE TRAINS IN FRANCE - AUGUST, 1914, to APRIL, 1915. By "W AOON - LIT. " post free JOHN BALE. SONS 4 DANIELSSON, Ltd 83-91. Gpeat TltchHeld Stpeet London. W 1.

THE COLLECE OF AMBULANCE.

P1'es ident: B R.n. T HE PRINCESS CHR ISTIAN

CLASSES and LECTURES.

Ph ys iolo gy. Cookery Course. First Aid. Hom e Di spensin g. H ygie ne. Hom e Nur sing. Tropi ca l Ailm ent s. A ppli ed An atomy Child W elfare. Free Lectures for Scouts and Girl Guides. MOBILE X-RAY AMBULANCE SERVICE. The Co llege oilers eve ry faci li ty fe r insIYuct ion in A mbul a nc e Wo rk in ts widest interp retation . T he fees a re mode rate a nd Membe rs and Fell ows ha\ e th e u se

EDITORIAL.

THE Ambulance Committee of the

The St. John Order of St John of Jerusalem has Ambulance just issued its report for the year

A ssociation's ended Septemb er 30th , 192 r. It is a Annual Report. record of creditable achievement and throws light on some aspects of ambulance work of which little is known to the general public. Cases in point are th e classes which have been organised for the police in Jerusalem, those formed by the Officers commanding regiments in Cologne arJd Silesia, and th ose for the be ndit of the Corps of Military Police in the Aldershot Command. It is also gratifying to find that an in creased number of classes have been held for the County Constabulary personnel, and that classes have been or ganised under the auspices of the Air Ministry for members of their aerodrome staffs.

The marked revival in ambulance work, which was forshadowed in this Journal, has materialised, and con· tinues with gratifying results. The returns from centres sh ow large numbers of successful examinees. 'I his IS

especially noticeable in regard to the Railway Centres, among which th e more prominent are the Great Western, the London and North- W estern, and the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railways; the first named has had a record year, and the report embodies the chart (which appeared in these pages) showing the progress of the Movement during the quarter of a century in which this railway bas been a centre of the Association. Of other centres (excluding the railways and those overseas) Birmingham has issued the largest number of awards, Sheffield and Liverpool taking second and third places. The total number of awards issu e d during the twelve months under notice was 30,892, being an increase of just over 10,000 on the previous years' figures.

The report includes an account of the activities in connection with the n ewly-constituted Priory of Wales which augurs well for the future progress of the Movement in tbe Principality.

Separate reports are included from the various centres which indicate that ambulance work is now again well established and has generally recovered from the reaction which was not an unnatural aftermath of the war. The reports of the ov erseas centres are particularly illuminating. A statement is included in tabular form showing the number of examination awards gained in all existing centres since their formation and during the tw elve months covered by the report.

The balance sheet for the year gives some insight into the financial position of the various branches of the work undertak e n. It is an unfortunate feature that the year's working discloses an adverse balance of upwards of £2,5° 0

An addendum to the report gives some account of the Ambulance Movement during the period from 1875, during which the late Sir Herb ert Perrott, Bt., was associated with the work. His death on the 15th February last removed the oldest Knight of Justice from the Roll of the Order and a link, through his father, with the old Order of Malta. Wh e n deceased took office the Order of St. John in England was practically a small private philantrophic body renting one small room at St. John's Gate, and the

St. John Ambuiance Association, th e St. John Ambulance Brigade and other off-shoots were non-existent. Duri 'Jg his tenure of office the Order was incorporated by Royal Charter, granted chiefly in recognition of the rapid development of the St. John Ambulance Association, and the whole gateway, together with much of the adjoining property becam e the Order's own freehold.

We have looked through the rep.)rt for some reference to ambulance work in Ir eland, but can find nothing but a very brief summary of work in the Ulster Centre. In view of the way in which the value of first aid training has been demonstrated during the troublous times through which Ireland has be e n passing, we are rather disappointed to find no fuller reference to that country. TLe goed work which was performed during the si eg e of Dublin has done much to bring the ambulance worker into the limelight. During the past month the exte nt to which ambulance men have figured in the sc e nes depicting the deplorable happenings in this unfortunate country has been a noticeable feature of the illustrated papers. It is appreciated that th e recent was not within th e period covered by the report, but recent events have proved the e xistence of a valuable and efficient organisation, and we are disappointed to find no refe rence theretu in the r e port.

Team Work and the Divisional Surgeon.

By AN OLD CORPS SURGEON.

When a medical man is appointed Divisional Surgeon he is apt to think that his professional training renders any preparatiun for his duties to his Division unnecessary.

If this be the case he has much to learn. First Aid is a study in itself and a subject which is almost neglected in the medical curriculum.

The official Textbook is the ambulance man's standby, and however eminent a surgeon may bE', he will be looked on with more or less pity by his class jf he be ignorant of the Textbook methods of treating a case.

His first duty then is to learn his T ex tbook. This is best done by giving a course of lectures. He will find many courses are nec e ssary before he knows it thoroughly and is looked on as a guide by a first class competition te:l.m.

When a question is ask e d all parts of the book bearing on the answer must be considered. Take a simple question-" How will you rend er First Aid to a case of bleeding from the nose?" Besides the ordinary treatm e nt given on pages lOS and 106, it must be rememb ered that blood may escape from the nose in fracture of the base of the skull (p. 5 I), when the treatment will be that for the more serious brain injury. Treatm e nt may also be modified by the presence of other cases of greater urgency (p. 8)1 other inj uries may be. present (p. 19), .the surroundings

AID.- August, 1922.

must be considered (p. 20), and possibly means of transp )rt provided. Shock has also to be treated if necessary (p. 142) , In a good marking sheet all these points and others must be cuD'lidered and carry appropriate marks.

Again, take a practical question such as "Compress the radial and ulnar arteries at the left wrist joint."

Marks would be given for correct side, pressure on pressure )ts, p:>sition of pa.tient, position of hm b, operator facing hand and not patient - this last is a very important practical point, for if the operator faces the patient he is in the way of the doctor when the latter arrives, and has no control over the hand if the patient struggles. I have been told this is not stated in the book. My reply is look at the picture (Fig. 49); the illustrations in the book must be studied carefully. I may mention here that there are cases where the text and illustration are incompatible. I will leave the reader to find these- it is good practice.

If Divisional Surgeons took a real interest in the Textbook, the district Dewar competitions would be much more keenly contested and interest aroused in the actual wor k, and bickerings and jealousies which take place in some divisions would less seldom occur, and a healthier form of rivalry would arise in the Brigade.

Many divisions have no district surgeons; some have had them and find they take no interest. TeJl them you want the Book, the whole Book, and nothirg but the Book. Some waste time and arouse interest by showing such things as the circulation in a frog's foot; rhis is very interesting, but it is not First Aid. If you get a good surgeon work him well, and when you want one go to a very busy man; it is the really busy man who can find time. Some men always say they are busy; these men never do much.

The more the surgeon does for you the more he learns of the work, the more you learn, and the keener you get. Don't think you can go and win the Dewar the first try. Competition experience is absolutely essential, and the more you go in for, the sooner you will approach Dewar form. Get good judges. District Officers can sort out the teams a little if 10 or 12 teams enter for a competition, but the last round, or even two rounds, should be done by the surgeons. As a rule lay examiners are a failure-not always because they are not good, but because they are not trustpd by the teams. Three doctors-one for the Viva, one for the Practical, and one for the team case-will soon get through a competition if a suitable building is available.

A meeting of the judges should take place to see that questions do not overlap and to see that each question asked is a textbook question. Such a question as "What would you do in a case of ptomaine poisoning" is not quite fajr, as the word" ptomaine" is not in the textbook, and the special treatment cannot be fairly expected.

The clause in the General Regulations which permits a divisional or corps surgeon to act in the double capacity of surgeon and superintendent might be used more freely than it is with advantage, especially in new divisions, when it is often impossible for a time to find out who is a suitable man to receive officer's rank.

August, 19 22

-FIRST

AID - 19

No. I Distric. t COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B .E.

Grand of the Order of the )(ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in £ngland. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT. he St. John J\mbulanee Srigade. DISTRICT ORDERS.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATH EDRAL SEPTEMBER, 1922.

Sunday, 3rd.-No. 64 Division, IOth.-No. 66 Y.M.C.A., Camden Town. Mitcham. " " T7th.-No. 67 24th.-N o. 68 " Dorough of St. Pancras. City of London.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

ANNUAL INSPECTION BY THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER.

SATURDAY, SE PTEl\IBER 30th, at 4 p.m. IN HYDE PARK. (Exhibition Ground by Knightsbridge Barracks)

Dress.-Review Order. (Leggings and Great Coats will not be worn).

(I) Company Commanders and Company Sergeant Majors will alone carry sticks.

(2) Haversacks must be clean,

(3) Medal Ribbons must be clean and of the correct length.

(4) White gloves will be worn by all ranks.

(5) Unauthorised Badges, Medals, or decoration must not be worn.

(6) White cap·covers will not be worn.

Divisional Officers and members-in-charge will be responsible to see that these instructions are conveyed to each member immediately, and to correct any errors at the Parade before the Inspecting Officer arrives.

Company Commanders, when taking over, will inspect their Company and correct any details that may be necessary.

Further particulars and instructions will be conveyed to Divisions by letter, and a time-table furnished later. If Divisional Officers and Members·in-Charge will co-operate WIth the staff, the parade, from Fall In" to the" Dismiss" should not take more than 3t hours, and it should not be necessary for any member to break away. (Officers will be 1'esjJonsz'ble to report any suelt case).

The following particulars are required at headquarters as soon as possible (but not later than September 1st) from Ambulance and Nursing Divisions :number of Officers, Sergeants, Corporals and Privates who will be on parade, as far as can be given. (Lady Officers and Amb,l1lance Sisters are to be included in this return). Officers will parade with their respective DIVISIons.

Cyclists will parade with machines.

Full muster of the Bugle Band is required. Officers and members-in-charge who have not yet applied fO.r RaIlway Voucher Books, as per D.O. 545, should do so WIthout delay, and take advantage of the concession in cost of travelling on ambulance duty.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commz'ssz'oner.

1922. Reception, 6.45 for 7.15. Evening Dress or Uniform. Tickets, lOS. 6d. each.

I t is particularly asked that every officer should signify his or her intention to be present at the earliest possible date, sending to the Secretary, Captain J. Calvin Lines, 93, West End-lane, N.W. 6, a remittance for the number of tickets required.

I t is further asked that every Superintendent will convey this information to the officers in his or her Division, as this will ensure knowledge of the event becoming generally known, and will spare the Secretary much correspondence.

Presidents and Vice-Presidents should also be advised and the assurance given that their presence at the dinner would be cordially welcomed.

There will be a musical programme, and arrangements will be made for dancing and cards for those who prefer this form of recreation.

Should any officers desire to sit with friends to make a party, the Secretary should be so informed. Guests would, of course, be placed with the officers inviting them.

A card from those who find themselves unable to be present would be much appreciated by the Secretary, as it would confirm the fact that the gathering was within their knowledge, and save many letters to those from whom no reply had been received.

I t is hoped that every effort will be made to ensure the evening being worthy of the event.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending' new paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publi. cation of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

N .C.O. CLUB.-The usual monthly meeting will be held on Thursday, September 7th, at 7. p.m., at W. H. Smith & Sons' Club, I I, Milford-lane, Strand, \iV.C.2. We should be glad to see at this meeting the N.C.O.'s who have intimated their desire to become members but have not yet attended the meetings. We are very pleased to note that some of our provincial comrades have also started an N.C.O.'s Club. We tender them our very best wishes.

Full particulars of the Club can be obtained from H. J. Palmer, han. sec., 70, Newington Green-road, N.1.

No. I (S.E. & C.R.) DISTRICT.-On Thursday, July 13 th , the Chatham,. .Faversham! Ramsgate, Deal and Dover DIVISIons had theIr annual Inspection in the grounds of the Grammar School at Faversham.

After the inspection Commissioner E. A. Richard addressed those on parade, and congratulated the officers and men on their 3ppearance, and general efficiency.

Sir Sidney Alexander also addressed those present and spoke in eugolistic terms of the work of the St, John Ambulance Brigade as a whole, and the members of the Divisions present in particular. Sir Sidney emphasised the need for constant study and practice in order to ensure that there might be no failure to render the service required in case of accident ur sudden illness. Sir Sidney stated that be was in a position to realise the value of the Faversham Division, and knew of the magnificent work they had perforIIJed, a work which was of an inestimable benefit to the public, and he not the least doubt that the members of the Divisions present from other towns were of an equal asset to the community in their respective districts.

After the inspection the Divisions marched to the station where they were dismissed.

We regret to record the death of Mrs. Eleanor Paine who for many years took an active interest in the S.lA.A. and Brigade at Bedford. She was the first Hon. Sec. of the Bedford Centre, which was formed in 1880, and she established an Invalid Transport Branch in the town.

PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS. OFFICERS' DINNER.

The Officers' Dinner has been arranged to take place at the. Connaught Rooms, Great Queen's-street, Kingsway (behInd the Holborn Restaurant) on Saturday, October 7th,

There were nearly 250 men on parade, and with the difficulties of railway service, the proportion of attendances may be considered highly satisfactory.

No. 52 (BARCLAY PERKINS) DIVISION.-The Division was inspected by Sir James Clark, the Chief Commissioner on July 20, accompanying him were Mr. W. H. Winny, Commissioner No. District, Mrs: E. _ ·W. Giffard, Col: H. F.

Barclay, Col. R. W. Barclay, Admiral Sir Reginald Hall and Mr. C. C. Perkins.

Th"! division, under the command of Captain Edward Caffyn (superintendent), and First Officer J. D Langley, were paraded in company order. .., Sir J ames Clark then hIs congratulating the men many ques.tlOns relatmg to sen'ice, &c. At close of mspectl{lg ranks, SIr J ames Clark gave a test case to be treated.

In the course of his address, Sir James Clark congratulated all ranks on their exceedingly smart appearance, also on the great number of War medals and decorations held by them and the efficient manner in which the stretcher squad dealt with the test case. He impressed them .all the strong need for efficiency. We were, saId, a state organisation and recogl11sed the PolIce to deal with accidents of all kmds when on publIc duty, and unless a man made himself efficient by attending the required number of drills and passing his annual re-examination, he was liable

AI D.-

August, 1,22.

kindness of Capt. C. A. MacGuire, the ban.d of the 1st Birmingham Boy's Brigade rendered valuable

The service was conducted by the VIcar who, 10 addressmg the officers and men, said he did not think the general public realised the amount of unselfish work done by the members of the Brigade.

After'the service the ;men march back to the Saltley Carriage Works, where they were dismissed.

The parade was attended by Corps. Supt. W. E. Ballard and other Brigade Officers.

No. 4 District.

LITTLE HULTON.-By permIssIon of Colonel Trimble, C.B. a parade promoted by Mrs. Emily J. Payne, lady ambuofficer of the Nursing Division took place on July 2nd.

A large number attended, comprising the Nursing Division, Tyldesley, Atherton, and LeJ.gh Nursmg and Ambulance Divisions, and Walkden and SWlOton Ambulance

August, 19 22

-FIRST

proved a great success. There were ten entries and the results were as follows :-

I, Brierfield (185 .points); 2, Nelson (175);.3, Worsb<;>ro' District Barnsley MalO team (158). For the thIrd year Bnerfield capture the 50 guineas challenge shield presented by the Barnoldswick Manufacturers' Association.

The other competitors and points scored were: - Wors, boro' and Colne (148 points each), IBurnley (146), Fleetwood (1 4 1 Skipton II and 12 (133), Keighley "I" Division (137), R oc hdale (128).

The judges were Dr. Clegg (Simonstone), and Dr. Arnott.

PONTEFRACT.-On July 16, the Corps held a drumhead ser vice. Early in the afternoon some 450 men and 150 nurses fro m Pontefract, Hemsworth, Brighouse, Brodsworth, Bentley, Ba rnsley, Castleford, Cleckheaton, Dewsbury, Goole, Huddersfield, Heckmondwike, Leeds, Morley and Burley and Kirkstall, assembled in the fairground and marched round the town to th e music of their own bands. At three o'clock the whole 600, wi th a large number of the public, assembled in the Congregati onal Church for the service (which was prevented by the bad weather from being held in the Castle).

Pr ior to the Commencement of the service, Corp s Supt. T. :. Amery thanked the Mayor and Corporation for the ir kind attendance, and for so kindly pla c ing the Assembly Rooms and Castle Groun ds at their disposal. He also thanked th e members of : the Congregational Church for allowi ng the use of that building, and he concluded by th anking all who had helped in any way, particular ly mentioning the ladies who had served r efr eshments to the Visitors.

The Mayor (Ald. Sides) welcomed all the visito rs, and said that the large number of represent at ives of the different Brigades in the district, spok e volumes for the future of the movement, esp ecially on a day such as that, when the temptation t o remain at home was so strong. He th ank ed them on behalf of the Borough for as sis ti ng the Brigade by their attendance. He dar e not say in the presence of so many other d etac hments that the Pontefract Brigade was second to none, but at any rate it was as good a s most. Although they did not agree on every point pol itically, he was sure that the whole of the Corpo ra t ion agree with Cr. Amery in his efforts to all eviate the sufferings of the sick, and they showed their approval by placing the Assembly Room s and Castle at the disposal of the Brigade any tim e.

AID.- 21

gas, which is the product of incomplete combustion, is a frequent cause of industrial accidents, being without colour, smell or taste. Sources of danger are blast and coke furnaces, smelters and fou'ldries, leaky furnaces and chimneys, and gas stoves without proper flue connections. It also exists in exhaust gases from petrol engines, stoker rooms, gun turrets on battleships, petroleum refineries, cement and brick factories using the Leblanc soda process, underground mines as the result of shot firing, mine explosions and fires, and tunnels where automobiles or coal or oil-burning locomotives are used.

The report describes the action of the poison on the body, and the symptoms, and explains the treatment of cases of acute poisoning. The patient should be taken into the fresh air at once and oxygen should be administered from a tank either through an inhalator or a nasal catheter, or it may be sprayed direct on to the face. It is recommended that all ambulances should be equipped with oxygen tanks.

In the absence of a supply of oxygen, if the victim's

No. 52 (BARCLAY PERKINS) DIVISION. Col. H. Barclay (centre), Sir James Clark on right, Commissioner W. H. Winny (left).

to make mistakes and bring discredit, not only on his division, but on the whole of the brigade On the men of the Military Home Hosp ital Reserve, who served at home during the War, he impressed that he had personally done everything in his power to obtain authority from the War Office for them to put up the Service Medal, the same as the Sick Berth, which came under the Admiralty, for which sanction had been given, and it behoved them to get in communication with their local M.P. to take the matter up in Parliament, as he felt fully convinced they had a just case.

NO.3 Disrrict.

BIRMI NGHAM. - A church parade was held on Sunday, June 18th. Six officers and 64 men fell in and marched to Saltley Parish Church. I nvitations had been sent to officers and men of othe:- Divisions and the assembly included representatives of several Divisions of the Corps. Through the

Divisions, under the command of Divisit)nal Superintendent C. Robinson, of Atherton. On parade also were the St. John ' s and Walkden Wesleyan Scouts under the supervision of Mr. John Fearnley. The police with Sergeant Banks headed procession, headed by the Walkden Band, the route bemg from Clegge-Iane, Manchester-road, East, along Bolton-raad to St. John's Church, where the service was conducted by the Rev. T. Lancaster, and the preacher was the Rev. C. S. Jackson M.A., J.P., of St. Peter's, Farnworth. Although this was the' first parade of its kind the attendance was satisfactory, there being over 100 ambulance and nursing division members on parade. Thanks are due to Corps Superintendent J. Wallwork for his help. The collection in church for the Little Hulton Distress Fund amounted to £3 13s.

NO.5 District.

BARNOLD5WICK.-The ambulance competition held in connection with the 3rd annual gala and demonstration again

No. 1 2 (Irish) District.

Organised by Lady District Officer Miss Blandford and Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. W. R. Robinsion, a very successful Jumbl e Sale was on Saturday, July 22nd, at thel head40, Mernon-square,.when the sum of £18 2S. 2d. was realIs ed on behalf of the Bngade Fund. The organisers are very grateful to all who so kindly sent contributions and also to La dy Ambulance Officer Mrs. Rowlette and the m'embers of Messrs Jacob's Nursing Division and others who helped to collec t before and during the afternoon at the Sale.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.

A . MONOGRAPH on the treatment of carbon monoxide POls? ning issued by the United States Bureau of Mines deta lls conrlitions under which the danger of poisoning may eXIst and the method of treatment which has been foun d most suitable by the officers of the Bureau. The

breathing has stopped or is very weak, artificial respiration should be started by the prone pressure method, and blankets, hot water bottles, &c., should be used to keep the person warm. The artificial respiration should be continued for at least three hours without interruption or until the natural breathing has been restored or until a physician arrives. In addition'to the administration of oxygen which is of main importance, the patient should be kept quiet and lying fiat to save his weakened heart, and should not be allowed to walk or exert himself in any way, as there is danger of heart failure. Stimulants should be administered only by a doctor. It will be seen that first aid men can render valuable assistance by this method, and that their prompt attention might be the means of saving the victim's life.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention "First Aid."

SIR JAMES CLARK ADDRE SS ING BARCLAY PERKI NS DI VISIO N.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

JV L Y, 19 22

Con ectio7l s june Gaz ette.

Nottingham Corps ( G.N. Division ).-Ambulance Officer

John Henry James Denton to be Divisional Supt., 15.3 22

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Springwell Colliery Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 30 6 22

THE following appointment has been sanctioned by H.R H. the Grand Prior:-

D istr:ct Officer Charles Herbert Fowler-Jones to be Acting Assistant Commissioner, NO. 4 District, 1.5. 22

The Chie f Commissioner has sanctioned the followillg appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

No I DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 24 ( Lambeth ) Division ) - Ambulance Officer Carley transferred to the Brigade Reserve 1.I.22

No.2 CSt. John's Gate ) Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance OffIcer Mrs. Marks resigned, 14·7. 22

No. 76 ( Limehouse ) Division. - Divis ional Supt. A. Marks resigned, 14 7. 22

NO 3 DISTRICT.

Kettering Corps ( Kettering Head q uarters Division)Captain Arthur Buckland Bagley to be Ambulance Officer, 6 7. 22

Wilnecote Division.- Frank Richard Young to be Ambulance Officer, 20.7. 22

Birm ingham Corps ( B o urneville Division ).- William Albert M ark Beard to be Ambulance Officer 20 7.22

Birmingham Corps ( New-street L.&N.W.R Division).-

Divisional Supt. J. C. Graham transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 7 8.22

Birmingham Corps ( O ldbury Metro. D ivision ).-Ambulance Officer W. F. Allen resigned, 4.8.22

Geddington Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

M. A. Holding resigned, 4 8 22

NO.4 DISTRICT.

District Officer Charles Fowler-Jones to be Acting Assistant Commissioner, 1.5. 22

Bolton Corps ( Great Lever Division ).- Tom Sanderson

M.D., B.S , to be D ivisional Surgeon, 26 6.22 '

Private Arthur SewelI to be Divisional Supt, 26.6 2Z

Oldham Corps ( Mumps Division ).-Sergeant John Henry

Heaton to be Divis ional Supt., 11.7 2 2

Oldham Nursing Division. - Lady Ambulance Officer

Mary Ellen Easthope to be Lady Divisional Supt., 13-7 .22

Opensbaw (Armstrong - Whitworth ) Division.-Reserve

Divisional Supt. R. Worthington transferred to the A c tive List as Supernumerary to establishment, 1 8 22

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Huddersfield Ra ilway Divis on. - Supt. F. Sill resigned, 14 6 22

Halifax N urSing Division. - Lady Supt. M. Warneford resigned, 4. R ??

Nottingham Corps ( Band Division ).-Divisional Supt. F. A. Banner transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 4. 8 22

Nottingham Corps ( Great Northern Division ). -Corporal Horace Kettle to be Ambulance Officer, 15 7. 22

Shipley and District Corps.-Corp Offi c er J. Busfield transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 1.8.22

Meir and Longton Division.-Divisional Supt. J. L. transferred to the Brigade Reserve , 11. 8. 22

Uttoxeter Nurs ing Division.-Hartus Foxton, M.B ,B.Ch to be Divisional Surgeon, 15.7. 22

Denaby Main Corps ( Denaby Division ).-Private Arthur Robinson to be Ambulance Officer, 21. 7. 22

Sutton· in-Ashfield Division -Ambulance Offi c er Het bert John Frow to be Divisional Supt., 17.7 22

Halmerend and District Corps (Silverdale Division ).Ambulance Officer Ernest Ford to be Di v isional Supt., 12.7. 22

North S ta ffs Railway Corps ( Burton No. Division).-

Peter Alpine Docherty, L.R.C P " L.R.C.S , to be Divis ional Surgeon, 27 6 22

Dewsbury and District Corps. - Henry Tames Dawson, M.A., M.B., Ch. B., to be D ivisional Surgeon, 27·6.22

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Hull Corps (Eastern Nursing D ivision ).-Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Butterworth resigned, 14· 7 22

Cowpen Colliery Division.-Supt. J. Scott resigned, 14 7. 22

No. 7 DISTRICT.

Distr ict Surgeon J. D. Lloyd transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 21.7.22

Oswestry Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Russell

H. S. Marshall to be Lady Divisional Supt., 17 7.22

Lady Supt. Mrs. Cartwright to be transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 21.7.22

Ambulance Sister Louisa A. Gla5scodine to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 17.7.22

No.8 DISTRICT.

Lady District Officer The Hon. Florence Daly resigned, 4. 8 22

Isle of Sheppey Division.-Corporal W illiam Ashby Rudd to be Transport Officer, 8.7.22

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Parkstone Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon Burford Taylor resigned, 14.7.22

Devonport Nursing Division.-Charles Llewellyn Lander D.S.C., M.C., M.B , etc., to be Divisional Surgeon 206 22

Frederick Walter Whitney Dawson, M.B., D.P.H., L.S.A., to be Divis ional Surgeon, 20.6.22

Friary Division -Ambulance Si5ter Mercy Roberts to be Lady Divisional Supt., 24 7 72

Margarett Ridd, M.B , Ch.B., to be Lady Divisional SurgeoD, 11. 7.22

Kings teignton Division.-Ambulance Officer G. R. Newcombe reSigned, 4. 8. 22

Falmouth Division.-Transport Officer S. Deringer resigned, I r

No. I [ DISTRICT.

Ramsgate Division. - George Richard Ward to be Ambulance Officer, 1.7.22

August, 19 22 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

Deal Division.-Ambulance Officer Stephen Francis to be Divisional Supt., 1.7. 22

Dover Division.-Ambulance Officer Tom Jones to be Divisional Supt., 1.7. 22

NEW DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named : No. DISTRICT.

No. 87 (Shoreditch) Division. - Sanctioned, 11.7·22

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Saltaire Mills Section.-Sanctioned, 20 6.22

Aldridge Division.-Sanctioned, 1.8 22

Shipley Cadet Nursing Division.-San c tioned, 20.6 2 2

Thornley Colliery Divis ion.-Sanct ioned, 6.7. 2 2

No.6 DISTRICT.

Cullercoats Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 14·7·22

No. 9 DISTRICT.

Friary Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 11.7·22

JAMES R. A. CL ARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery 0/ the Ord(r

St. fohn'S Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C., 8th f uly , I922.

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England:-

As Knight of rustice (from Knight 0i Grace) :

The Marquis of Bath, K.G.

As K nig hts of Grace :

Major John Robert Williams, M B. (from Honorary Associate).

Surgeon Lieut.-Col. John Daniel Lloyd. M.B E., M .R.C.S., L.R.C.P. (from Honorary Serving Brother).

Major Richard ('onan Roberts, O.B.E.

As Ladies 0/ Grace:

Virginia, Viscountess Deerhurst.

Dame Margaret Lloyd George, G.B.E.

As Esquires:

Thomas William Wilson (from Honorary Serving Brother).

Thomas Charles Augustus Hodson (from Honorary Serving Brother).

Major Frederick Tavinor Rees, M.C., M.R.C.S L.R.c.P.

As Honorary Serving Brotlzers.

Samuel Davies.

William Harman Fisher.

John Gibbs.

Arthur Tohn Green.

Thomas Jones.

Jessie Lewis.

William Rees Matthews.

Arthur Henry Milbourne.

Henry Morris.

David Charles Owen.

Gomer George Phillips.

Stephen James C a ug herty.

Edward Ernest Hattam.

Fred Bot tomley.

Charles Eno c h Evans.

Robert W illiam Oldfield.

John Will am Sleight.

Fred Shenton.

Robert Stokoe.

John Cairns Parker.

James Howorth.

George Harrison .

Harry Jaquest.

Franci s Henry Hill.

As Honorary Serving Sisters:

Fanny M abel, M rs C T. Hurry Riche s

Ann ie El iza beth, Mrs. Weaver.

Emily, Mrs. Forrest.

As Honorary Associates

Ed win Ernest Heesom.

George Gillon Irvin g , L.R.C P.&S. ( Ed. )

Robert James Smith, O.B.E , K. C., M.B.

Robert W lliam Smeddle, M.B.

Thomas William Norton, L.R.C P., L.R.C.S.

Lieut.-Colonel Arthur James Cary, L.R.C.P.I.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

During July 21 YA.D. Nursing m e mb e rs have been posted to Ministry of P e nsions Hospitals.

Th e V.A. D. Scholarship Scheme Committee have decided to grant a Public Health Scholarship in connection with the forthcoming International Public Health Course.

This Int e. rnational Public Health Course was inaugurat e d two ye ars ago, 19 students representing 16 different countries r e ceiving a y ear's instruction in Public H e alth WOI k at King s Coll eg e for Women, Campden-hill, a Colleg l;: of th e University of London.

The student r e pres e nting G reat Britain on that occasion was Miss Marjorie B ee ton, who had completed her training as a Nurse a t St. Thomas's Hospital, having previously served as a V.A.D. Nur s ing m e mb e r.

The Course last year was h e ld at Bedford College, Univ e rsity of Landon, th e student representing Great Britain being Miss Margaret Jam e s, a former V. A. D. member, who had completed her training as a Nurse at St. Thoma!)'s Hospital.

The British Scholarships for the year 1920- 2 I and 1922 22 were awarded by the British Cross Society. This ye ar the V.A.D. Scholarship Committee has decided to award th e Scholarship, and succ e ssful student will be chosen from hold e rs of V.A.D. Scholarships, who have recently completed their training as Nurs e s in the various training schools throughout the country.

The choice will be no easy one, as the Matrons of training schools hav e shown great interest in the scheme, and have been most ready to assist the Committee by sending up the names of graduate nurses e ligible under the scheme whoGl they c')nsidtr sp e ci ally suitable.

The name of the student will be given next month.

The att e ntion of our readers is drawn to the Joint Nursing and V. A. D. Services Convalescent Home

_ FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- August, 1922.

Eddlewood, Queen's - road, We} bridge, which is now open.

Convalescent patients can be received there from /£2 to £3 a week, according to the position of the room selected. As has already been stated, there is a large garden, with tennis lawn and clock golf, and the river is within easy distance.

Commandants are specially requested to make known the existence of the Convalescent Horne to members and ex-members of their Detachments.

The attention of any members or ex-members who may be wondering where to go for their holiday this year may also specially be drawn to S. Helena's, Earl's-avenue, Folkestone, the holiday hotel opened by the Committee.

The prices at S. Helena's are exceedingly moderatefrom £2 lOS. to £3 per week. There are no extras, a good Tennis Court for the use of visitors (without extra charge. The bathing at Folkestone is excellent, and there are a great many excursions to be made by char-a-banc.

Peace Day Commemorations.

AMBULANCE MEN AND NURSES PARADE ON PLYMOUTH HOE.

AMBULANCE men and nurses plaved a large part in the proceedings on Ppace Sunday at Plymouth, July 16tb, 19 22 in the memorial celebrations to those who fell in the Great War, 1914-18.

They assembled at the Central Station, Notte-street, at 9.30 a.m., and just a little after 10 o'clock marched to the historic Hoe under the command of Corps Supt. Hitchcock (Borough of Plymouth Corps). The whole company took up their stand opposite the Armada Memorial, with detachments of the Navy, Army and Air Force on their right, the Comrades of the Great War on their left, whilst in front of them was a detachment of the Red Cross; the whole making a hollow square, in the middle of which were the influential civic and Service representatives, among those being the Deputy Mayor (Ald. J. W. S. Godding), the Commander-in-Chitf (Admiral Sir Montague E. Browning), Asst. Commissioner Hedley V. Miller and District Officer Perkins (St. John Ambulance Brigade, County Staff), and Mrs. WIlmot (Asst. County Director, Red Cross).

The Commander-in-Chief made a tour of inspection of the ex-Service men, Ambulance Brigade and Red Cross Society, and he was very interested in their many and varied decorations gained for services rendered in all parts of the world.

At the conclusion of the service, a march past with bands playing was held, the Commander-in-Chief taking the salute at the flagstaff.

On arrival at the Guildhall Square, certificates for special War services were presented. Mr. H. V. Miller explained that the certificates were awarded by the Grand Prior and Chapter General of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England for special services, such as nursing in the hospitals, transporting wounded, and providing ambulance servic..: for local volunteer forces.

The Deputy Mayor (Ald. J. W. S. GOdding) then presented the certificates tf") the following mem bers: Corps Supt. T. Hitchcock, Div. Supt. C. M. Ball, Amb. Officer

C. Ball, Sergt. Harris, Pte. Smeeth, Pte. Lillicrap, Pte. Dollimore, Lady Corps Officer Dumble, Mrs. E. Harvey and Mrs. M. Plock.

After presenting the ten certificates, the Deputy Mayor congratulated the recipients. He said the certificates were not easily obtainable , and therefore all the more to be valued. He thanked them in the name of the Borough for the service they had rendered to the town during the war. He further said, "You belong to a very old and illustrious Order which, in the early years of its existence, did signal service in the cause of humanity. It was not primarily a war or military order, but at its original inception was intended to administer to the pilgrims who, in those days, voyaged to and from the Holy Land. Afterwards it rendered signal service in succouring prisoners of war. It was more of a civilian than a military organisation, and he hoped they would not again be called upon to render the particular service they had to during the war. Their duties would not decrease so long as there was human suffering.

Mr. Miller said he had much pleasure in formally announcing that Lady Ambulance Officer Mis') Marion Phillips had been promoted by the Chief Commissioner to the rank of Divisional Supt. Plymouth (Co-operative) Nursing Division; and Ambulance Sister Miss Ed;th Horne to Ambulance Officer, Plymouth (Co-operative) Nursing Division.

Some Suggestions for the Improve ... ment of First Aid Competitions.

Now that there is a temporary lull in First Aid Competitions, it seems opportune for some careful consideration to be given to their improvement.

EDITOR.

ANYONE who cares to take the trouble to peruse old files of FIRST AID will observe that this Journal has consistently advocated the infusion of a larger element of realism into first aid contests and emphasised the need for their improvement from the educational standpoint. It is gratifying to know that many of the suggestions that have in these columns have been adopted, but it cannot be gainsaid that there is still a wide field (or further improvement if the competitions are to realise what is stated to be, and should be, their primary object, viz.-to test the ability of first-aiders to deal with actual cases of human disability under conditions of emergency. It will be well for the reader of these notes to keep well in mind this definition. One cannot but assume that it may have been lost sight of in some quarters.

First Aid Competitions app ear to have gradually got into a rut, a rut so deep that the sides have almost obscured the reasons for which they were instituted. Whilst it is true that from time to time competition rules have been trimmed and amended here and there, the contests themse lves have changed but little during the quarter of a century during which they have been organised. Whilst other phases of the ambulance movement have marched with the times: competitions appear to have stood still or rathe r, to have marked" slow time." '

As long :ago as 191 I this Journal questionej the desirability of the fifth man of an ambulance team being

August, 19 22 • - FIRST

the" patient" as is the case in the railway and many other competitions. Good and sufficient reasons were then advanced against the ex isting practice, which are equally good and sufficient to-?ay "Four. men a team shall deal with a s upposed dlsability (aCCIdent, Injury or sudden illne ss) to a fifth"; how many competition rules are worded on these lines? It rather sugg e sts that the standing rules of an early comp etition have been accepted and applie d to others as and when they have been instituted, with little or no original thought being given to the subject. In this way a fundament a l mistake has been perp e tuated. Four men is a suitable number to form an ambulance team, but why should the" patient" hims e lf be a highly-skilled firstaider, a trained comp et ition hand and one well acquainted with the team who are to a dminister to his supposed inj uries? Yet this is the case to-day. Surely realism is lacking h er e. In how many cases in actual practice is a team of ambulance workers call e d upon to treat one of their number, wh o has trained regularly with th e m and who can (wittingly or unwittingly) assist th e team in many obvious ways; inter aHa, by suggesting omissions in their treatmen t? Does such a test even approximate to the realistic? It is not suggested that th e "No. 5's" ar e not good sportsmen. The conditions of the competition that are wrong. No. 5 act ing as patient is as keen upon the success of his team as are numbers I, 2, 3, and 4, and what is more! unc:ler present day conditions, he (the patie nt) shares equally in the team prize! Here, surely is a mistake in principle

YIuch more might be said upon thi- subject, but the case for a change apptars clear, particularly when it is borne in mind that it is the practice wh en men are tested individually, or in twos or threes, for the "patients" to be persons unknown to the competitors and preferably without any knowledge of first aid methods. What is sound in principle for individual tests is surely equally sound in team work. If team competitions are to realise what is stated to be their object the "patient" should not be a mem ber of the team at all, but an outsider unknown to any of th (! teims competing

Before leaving the subj ect of the competition patient, we should like to suggest that he be selected with somt. regard to his and ability to e nter into th e spirit of the role he has to play. We favour the trained" patient," the same one for each competing team, who could be posted up beforehand as to his "symptoms" and carefully rehearsed in his pirt. He could then answer many of the questions which should rightly be put to him by the competitors and which a conscious patient could and would answer in an actual case. Another step nearer to realism. These questions ar e now answered by the judge. We prefer, however, the silent judge as, with the very best of intentions, it is difficult to be equally fair to all competitors to replying to their enquiries. If qu estions have to be answered other than by the patient, we should, in the importan t final competitions, like to see an official appointed for this purpose, although with ad equate staging of the tests and th e trained patient the need for so much questioning and answering should disapp ea r.

This brings us to a matter which was th e subject of som e thoughtful criticism in conn ection with this year's final competition, i .e. , the better staging of competition tests. It should be said at once, however, that much has already been achieved in this dir ection with gratifying results by railway companies and others in their own competitions, although their lead has not been followed in s?me of the larger contests. There is scope for conSIderable improvement in this dir ec tion, and we maintain

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that the minds of the competitors should not be taxed in the endeavour to visualise surroundings which do not exist, but that their whole efforts should be devoted to the pwmpt and efficient application of the prescribed first aid treatment.

Some hard things have been said from time to time on this matter and we have no wish to "heap coals of fire" her e , but rather to emphasise the unfairness of penalising competitors for failing to do things in a bare competition hall, which should be done in the" supposed surroundings" when there is nothing to remind the competitors of such surroundings. On a frosty day a team would obviously well cover a patient up with warm clothing and protect him as much as possible from the cold, but because a competition team fail to take such precautions in a warm competition hall when there is no suggestion of frost indoors or out, marks may be lost right through the test. In this year's final competition for the Inter-R:lilway Challenge Shield, the competitors were permitted to look at a photograph of the scene where the injuries which they were called upon to deal with were supposed to have be f: n sustain ed. The photograph, however, was taken from the competitors before they approached the patient. This provision-in the year of grace I922-was something of an innovation and whilst, perhaps, better than nothing was a som e what feeble step on the road to realism. The cause merited something a great deal bet t er.

Before going furth er, we should like to exp ress the opinion that what appears to be lacking in this connection is a direct and bold lead from those r e sponsible for organising the big public competitions. When the pick of the ambulance men compete under the auspices of the associations responsible for first aid instruction is when ont naturally looks for the conditions to approximate to the ideal. The whole matter of the adequate staging cf th e se competition tests calls for vision and treatment in a broad and generous way and should be considered in connection with the spectacular and educational aspects of the matter, of which more anon.

One often wonders how, in the big competitions, a single judge ca!l follow the work of all four members of a team, particularly when the injuries are many and complicated as is so frequently the case in modern contests. It may happen that the" patient" is receiving treatment for a head injury by two members of the team, whilst another attends to an injury of the low e r limb and the remaining man is preparing appliances for use, Whilst realising that it is, perhaps, too much to require except in the national competitions, there does appear to be a case for the employment of a committee of say, four judges in the big finals where the super first-aiders compete; the idea being that the four judges should all mark simultaneously and independently. a11d the average or aggregate marks be credited to the competing team. It might be well for a judge to watch each member of the team, i.e., one judge to watch and mark the work of No. I, another No. 2 and so on. If some suggestion upon these lines was adopt e d it would r en der available a number of medical men who at present are debarr e d from judging because of their interest or association with a particular team. The destinies of a team would no longer be in hands of an individual judge.

(To be contz'mted.)

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention II First Aid "

The correspondence appearing in these columns on " First Aid Treatment by Boys" raises a very controversial subject, especially so in the case of treatment of women on public occasions. But, nevertheless, it must be admitted that the training which these boys receive will be of much use to them in after life, and there is no doubt that they have rendered timely aid on many occasions.

3lractical

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special reference to good and bad (Joints in 7 reatment-jor inclusion in this Column.

Two LUCKY ESCAPES.

As a man was at work on a scaffold, situated beneath some railway arches and about twenty feet above ground level, a passing steam wagon collided with the and smashed it up. The man was knocked off and by CUrIOUS chance fell on a woman who at that moment was passing beneath the scaffolding.

The bystanders rushed to the help of the victims of the accident and were surprised to find that after a few seconds both sat up and laughed! Wonderful to relate, neither man nor woman was in any way hurt! !-R_ M., Ley ton.

FIRST-AID WITH EFFICIENCY.

Seeing a man fall into a river surrounded by steep banks, a postman without removing his clothes, dived into the water. He caugh; and held the drowning man until a life-buoy thrown from the distant bank of the rIver. Hold1Og on WIth one hand and clasping his patient with the. other, the postr:nan was dragged across the river and was be10g gradually raIsed to dry ground when the rope broke and dropped both rescuer and rescued back into the water.

The man was now unconscious and not breathing; but the postman retained his hold of the patient until a boa,t was launched and reached him. As soon as they were safely 10 the boat, the postman immediately. began arti,ficial respiration <l:nd was fortunate in soon re-startmg breathmg. Then, reachmg the river-bank, he placed his patient flat on the floor of a motor-van (which was standing near by) in such a position that he could recommence artificial respiration at a moment's notice. With this precaut ion he asked the owner o[ the van to proceed rapidly to the neighbouring cottage hospItal where patient was admitted for a few days (and made an excellent recovery) and postman was heartily congratulated on his skill and efficiency.-B. A., Cambridge.

THE I MPORTANCE OF BEING EXPLICIT.

As I was returning home from a concert late one evening, an excited woman rushed at me and begged me to fetch a doctor to her husband who had met with a serious accident through falling down a flight of stairs. Remembering the importance of " being explicit" and of 'detailed message," I declined to act until I knew more about the case and offered my help as a qualified First-Aider.

The woman then invited me to come along, and, as I entered the house, I heard a man's voice shouting lustily"Fetch the doctor. I am dying." When I reached the patient, I quickly had. susI?ect alcoholism but, refrained from making thIS diagnOSIs until I had excluced serIOUS injuries. The man meanwhile continued to shout from time to time at the top of his voice-" I'm dying! I'm dying! ! "

I then aSKed him to sit up and explain his reason for this belief. He did so at once and pointed to one spot of blood on his handkerchief. Seeking a cause I found that his nose had bled slightly. I comforted my patient, advised him to go to bed and to call on the doctor himself next morning. Then, as I continued my journey homeward, I thought that my desire to be "explicit" had saved some tired doctor from being pulled out of his bed.-E. K., Kentish Town.

A meeting of the Pontypool Ambulance Corps was held at Pontypool on August 12th, when Sir Henry Mather Jackson, Bart., c.B.E., presented a Life Saving Medal of the Order of St. John to Ambulance Officer Alfred Hewitt, Waenfelin, Pontypool, who risked his life in rescuing a fellow workman from a pit shaft.

August. 1922 - FIRST Brevities.

For many years the York Health Department has carried on a vigorous health campaign against the housefly. Leaflets on this pest are distributed by sanitary inspectors and nurses in the houses which they visit, and are circulated in shops and restaurants. In the schools pictorial posters showing the evil habits of the fly are expounded to the children, who take home leaflets, and in other ways have proved themselves to be excellent missionaries in this cause. Picture palaces help by exhibiting special films. "* "* "*

A special meeting of Great Priory of the United Religious and Military Orders of the Temple of St. John of Jerusalem, Palestine, Rhodes and Malta, in England and Wales and the Dependencies thereof, will be held at Durham, on Wednesday, October lIth, to be followed by a service in the Cathedral, at which an address will he d =livered by Bishop Welldon, Dean of Durham. The meeting of Great Priory will take place in the Chapter House.

An interesting article appeared in the Trade Supplement recently which goes to show that when industry is unsettled accidents to workers are more frequent. In this connection it is worthy of notice that in 1920 there were 385,517 accidents in British industry as against 35 8,4 6 9 in 1919, an increase of 27,048, although only some 11,000 more men were employed in 1920 than in 19 I 9· This means, of course, that the restless state of industry in 1920 was reflected in the number of accidents, evidence-as the medical correspondent of the Times points out-of how much a man's safety depends upon a calm mind. The trouble too in progressive, for not only does unrest breed accidents, but accidents also breed unrest, and thus a vicious circle is set up with a deterioration of the morale of the industry.

We notice that recently several firms have been summoned under the Factory Act for having failed to provide ambulance rooms or first aid cabinets to conform to the Home Office Regulations. It is surprising that employers should fail to realise how essential it is to have trained men and proper appliances on their premises to meet with cases of emergency, and perhaps these prosecutions will be an example to others. "*

The Joint Council of the Order of St. John and British Red Cross Society has issued a new edition of the list of home ambulance stations, organised by its Home Service Ambulance Committee. The aim is to distribute

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am bulances on such a scale that wherever illness or accident may occur there shall be a motor ambulance within a convenient distance to carry the patient with a minimum disturbance and pain to the point where medical and surgical skill can be most efficiently applied. The scheme is arranged on a county basis, and the list, which follows this arrangement, shows the places in which am bulances are stationed and the officer in charge at each place. The total number of ambulances in service on March 31st last was 309. The total number of patients carried during the year was 53,743.

Mr_ Leolin Forestier-Walker, M.P., and Mr. Herbert D. W. Lewis, have been nominated by the Priory for Wales to serve on the Joint Council of the Order of St. John and the British Red Cross Society.

The Priory has nominated the chief executive officer, Mr. Herbert D. W. Lewis, to serve on the newly constituted Voluntary Aid Detachment Committee set up by the War Office. Lord Treowen also serv€s on the committee as the nominee of the Territorial Associations.

The Priory has established another medical comforts depot at Crynant, and Mrs. Bickerton Edwards, of Tynygraig, Crynant, has undertaken to be responsi1:le for its working. "*

The results of the" Safety" movement among railway employees were emphasised in a manner at a recent convention of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen in Toronto, when this urganisation voted to increase the insurance for members from 2,000 to 7,000 dollars without any alteration in the exchange rate of premiums. The insurable benefit was thus increased 35 per cent. It is doubtful if any finer tribute to the c ; Safety" Movement could be found than that this action of the employees themselves, evidencing as it does a decrease very largely attributable to co-operation in putting "Safety" principles into effect.

It is hard to realise that with the coming of popular wireless telegraphy a revolution will be t: ffected in our daily lives. Wireless sets may now be purchased for a few pounds and aerial wires fitted to any house. In this way by a combination of w..ireless telegraphy and the telephone anyone may listen and "pick up" wireless news, concerts, etc. Already travelling showmen are fixing up wireless stations at which the public may hear concerts, and another idea is to receive French lessons from France! One day we may get our news through the wireless receiver (and what will become of the newspapers?) and listen to proceedings in Parliament and hear concerts and plays and get lessons in forl.;ign languages. The possibilities are enormous. Visit the First Radio and Wireless Exhibition, Central Hall, Westminster, September 2nd to 8th, and see the latest apparatus.

-FIRST J\mbulanee.

FURNESS RAILWAY.-The annual ambulance competition in conn ection with the Furness Railway was held at Furness Abbey Hotel on July 26th. The competitions usually take place on the lawn in front of the hotel , but owing to the heavy rain the ballroom had to be utilised, as was the case on a former occasion. The chief event of the. competition is the contest for the Directors' Shield, whIch was held by the Moor Row team, and after a most interesting competition Moor Row again captured the trophy with the Barrow team in the second position. Ther e were six teams entered, and the judging was done by Dr. J. Mandel Coates, M.D. In the morning there was a serie s of individual tests, and the prize given by Mr. L. Speakman was won by J. W. Martin, of Moor Row, with J. C. Jones, of Millom, s e cond.

The chair was occupied by Mr. F. J. Ramsden, chairman ot directors, and the prizes were by Mrs. Wadham, ther e also being present the Mayor and Mayoress (Ald. and Mrs. W. Fairburn), Miss Wadham, Mr. M. Kennedy, Col. Jackson, Mr. and Mrs. Speakman, Dr. and Mrs. Pooley, Mr. D. L. Rutherford, and others.

We regret we are unable to publish the whole of the marking sheets owing to pressure on our space.

TEAM TEST.

Card No. I.-\Vhile you and two other ambulance men are walking along the dock side, a messenger informs you that a man has been rescued from the dock and that your services are required. I is a cold winter afternoon, and you know that there is another ambulance man available at the Rescue Station, which is a hundred yards away.

Obtaining necessary directions from messenger 3

Promptly proceeding at once to patient 3

Meanwhiie sending messenger to Rescue Station for other ambulance man and necessary stretcher and appliances 3

Card No. 2.-0n arrival you find the man unconscious, breathing has ceased, and from the position and appearance of the right leg you suspect a fracture midway between the ankle and the knee There is no bleed ing.

Keeping the crowd back

Brief examination of leg (simple fracture )

Cleaning mouth out, foreign bodies

Promptly turning patient on face

Careful handling and support of fracture

Schafer's method of artificial respiration

Patient's face becoming congested.

Adjust patient's position; place patient on back

Remove all tight clothing

Raise and support patient s shoulders on a small firm cushion or folded article of dress under shoulder blades

Draw forw<l:rd the patient's tongue as far as possible and secure m pos tlOn

Sylvester's method of artificial respiration

Excite respiration; smelling salts or snuff

Promote cilcu lation and warmth ,'

Careful support and attention to fracture during the whole of the operations...

Breathing being restored.

Cover up patient promptly with blankets, coats, etc.

Hot drinks, etc. '"

Temporary fix leg up by tying lower limbs tog ether

Remove as quickly as possible on stretcher to shelter of

Rescue Station

Loading (stretcher )

Carrying

On arrival at Rescue Station.

Removal of wet clothing

Placing patient in bed; warm blankets

Hot bricks; hot water bottles

Stimulants; hot coffee, etc.

Treatment of fractured leg.

Steadying and supporting ankle and foot ...

Splints (1) above the knee to beyond the foot

Bandages (5)

Tactful message home

Telephoning HospitaL

Obtaining medical help

Extra marks

I NDIVIDUAL TESTS.

No. 1. - This boy informs you that he has run a needle in his knee, and in trying to get it out it has broken and a portIOn of the needle remains in.

Caution against movement

Re-assuring the child ...

Place in recumbent position

the wound

of Iodine solution

sterile dressing

wool: knee bandage

No. 2.-During the progress of a football match on a cold we.t (:me of the players slips and falls to the ground.

Brief exammatlon shows you that he has fractured his right knee cap.

Immediate removal off the field to shelter

Enlisting help of players or bystanders-

(a) Three-handed seat

(b) Human stretcher

(c) Or by three bearers

Convey to shelter or dressing-room

Place on couch or table near fire ..

Raise and support shoulders

Back splint from buttock to heel

Four bandages

Raise and support foot well off the ground

Ice or cold water dressing

Treat shock

Arrange for means of transport to hospital

Extra marks ,

No. 3.-This man, opening a window hurriedly, has cut the palm of hiS nght hand badly with some broken glass. There is free arterial bleeding.

Recllmbent position

Immediate flexion

or

Elevation ,: digital compression on brachial: temporary tourDlquet ... ... ... . ..

Brief exa mination of wound: removal of broken glass seen m wound

Temporary cover up wound

Pads on rad al and ulna.r arteries: tight bandages

Release fleXIOn or tourniquet on brachial

Application of Iod in e...

Clean sterile dressing hand bandage: St. John sling '::.

Treat shock ... ...

Convey to hospital or doctor

N o. walking up the pathway to his house, this ,shrped m the snow falls. He complains of great pam m hiS nght ankle. There IS no bleeding.

Prompt removal indoors

Place on couch in warm room

Careful removal of boot and stocking

Examination (sprai n of right ankle)

Place in elevated position on pillow or cushion

Application of '.:old water compresses

Warmth when cold ceases to give relief

Treat Shock

Obtain medical advice

August, 19

22

-FIRST

No. This man has accidentally shot himself through the right foot. You find him in a half fainting condition' blood is flowing freely from a wound on top of the foot and also from one on side

Recumbent position

I mmediate flexion

Temporarily cover up wound

Hea d low and to one side: loosen tight clothing round the neck and chest

Rem oval boot and stocking

Iodine solution

Clean sterile dressing

Foot bandage

Pad s on posterior and anterior tibial arteries fixed with firm bandages

Release flexion

Treatment of shock

Reserve. -You are called to a man in a crowded theatre, and find him suffering from severe bleeding from the nos e. Rem ove at once from crowded theatre

Place patient in a sitting position in a current of air before an open window ."

Head thrown back slightly and hands raised above the hean

Undo all tight clothing around the neck and chest ... Apply cold (ic e or cold sponge or bunch of keys ) over thd nose, also the spine at the level of the collar' place feet in hot water ...'

3 3 3 3 4 4

S E. & C.R.- The annual presention of awards to the successf:.ll merr bers of the Sittingbourne Gravesend Rochester and Gillingham class e s took place' at the York Hotel, Chatham, la s t month.

!he chair was occupi e d by Major E. Hight (Northern Supt.), who was supported by Mr. E. A. Richards (ChaIrman of the Centre), Mr. J. H. Langridge (Stationmaster, Chatham and Gillingham), Assistant Stationmaster Burrows, Councillor "'I. Edward Neil (Gillingham Loco.)' Inspector A. Shoebndge, Mr. A. Slade (District Supt.'s and Inspector W. T. Hancox, the hard - working DlvlslOnal Secretary.

An excellent. programme of music was carried out, With H. Lilwall at the pianoforte. There were duets by Messrs. Pattison and Kelly' mandoline selectlOns by Mr. F. Williamson; clever sketches by Mr A. Hollands; some excellent com edy work and by Mr. Max Lenton; and songs by Messrs. P. Pettitt, W. Maple, F. Hawksworth, G. Williamson and others. '

Prior to distributing the awards, Major E. Hight addressed the He could n8t express all the pleasure he felt at being present. It was a long time since he had. seen so full an ass e mbly. This was a splendid test of the mterest taken in the St. John A.A. True, this year, they had embraced a larger area than usual, but it was, nevertheless, matter of congratulation that their interest so sustained. There were railwaymen on the prize hst who had. passed for seven and for fourteen consecutive rears - was highly creditable to so keep up their mterest m thIS movement.

The distribution of awards was follow e d by an en]' oyable concert.

When correspond·jng with Advertisers please mention "Firat .Md. "

A 10.Bristol Centre S.J.A.A.

4

THE Bristol Centre held the Annual Stretcher Competition on July 26th. Appended are the results of the contests ;-

The Beavis CUp-I. West Depot, G.W.R.; Team, W. S. Cupp, A. Hole, C. Overd, A. V. Brown and H. Gillett Steward, Mr. M. R. Fair.

2. G.W.R. NO.2. Four teams competed. Mrs. Squire's CUp-I. G. W.R. No.2; Team, F. Cridge, Snel· gravf>, A. R. Cheek, T. L. Drake and W. G. Adams. ;:;teward, Mr. E. Stiles. 2. G. W. R. No. I (Broad Plain).

The Novice CUp-I. Broad Plain NO.2. Team, J. Jenkins, Grace, Slocombe, Tuck and R. Jenkins. Steward, Mr. W. G. Hiiwkins. 2 J. S. Fry & SODS. Dr. Bertram who has been Chairman of the Centre for 20 years, distributed the Prizes, and a vote of thanks to the Physician judges concluded the proceedings.

A Red Cross Civilian Clinic.

LAST .the work of th.e. clinic founded by the Kensington DlVlslOn of the Bntish Red Cross S:>ciety for the treatment of Ex·service men began to diminish, and it was recognised that within a short time there would not be enough patients to justify its maintenance.

The functions of the clinic included treatment, with massage, electricity, radiant hea t) and remedi :d exercises.

After consultation with representative local medical inclnding the Mayor of Kensington (Dr. A. J. Rice-Oxley), it was decided to institute a clinic for the general public

This new clinic was opened in Kensington last .and now between thirty-five and forty patients attendmg it weekly. Its object is to put physical treatment within reach of those members of the civilian population whose financial position is such that they cannot afford the ordinary fe e s charged.

A patient is requested to bring a letter of recommendation from his own doctor, and before any treatment is given he is examined.by a specialist in physico-therapeutics, who attends the clmlC on Mondays and Fridays at 6 o'clock.

Medical practitioners are requested not to send patients able to afford higher fees than the maximum charge at the clinic, which is 5s. for each treatment and 5s. for the consultation ; an almoner is in att e ndance on the eveninas of Mondays and Fridays, and individual charges are decided by the almoner, and referred to the committee for revision if nece ssary.

The clinic is administered' by the Kensington Division of the British Red Cross Society, which bears any financial responsibility and works in conjunction with an advisory committee of m e dical practitioners. The scope of the work. is very varied. It comprises the treatment by phySical methods of all forms of injury or disease 0 the lim bs; of sprains, fractures, dislocations, stiff and painful joints, and of cases in which muscle power has been for any reason reduced or lost. Post·operative treatment is also undertaken, as are appropriate cases of neuritis, and patients suffering from postural deformities, deficient chest expansion, and under ·nutrition.

The re-education is undertaken of patients suffering from various disorders of the central nervous system

instruction is given also in the use of an altificial lEg, ud patients are provided at the clinic with more sirr pie orthopedic appliances, such as special boots and splints.

Patients living in Kensington have a Fior claim on the clinic, but should there be vacancies applicants living outside the area are accented.

The Kensington D["isiln of the British Red Cross Society deserves credit for its endeavc.ur to provide, in conjunction with the medical profession, this physical treatment centr(='o Such clinils are needed, and tte lint s upon which the centre at KeLsington has been established and developed may serve as an example to othel s.

First Aid in Some Holiday Horrors.

By MAJOR H. W. SPAIGHT, L.R.C.P., &c.

FIRST Aid in the many insect bites and other minor ills encountered during the summer months can prevent many a holiday being turned. into a time of discomfort and misery. First Aid in the majority of instances is vel y simple, and the result more than justifies the immediate treatment.

Gnat, midge, ant and mmquito bites can cause very grave discomfort and at times result in severe inflammation and cf the affected parts. PreVention is better than any cure and can be achieved by dabbing peppermint oil over the txposed when it cannot be obtained a handful of parsley well crushed up and rubbed into the skin will give immunity,

When b:tes have bten Tlceived-touching each irritating spot with Tincture of Iodine on the point of a small hair paint brush will give relief. Whtn it is found that the ankles are being constantly attacked it is wise to paint the skin over the affected arEa every three or four days with Tincture of Iodine-this not only the attacking insects but lessens the irritation should tht y persist in the attack.

When swelling occurs a poultice of mint leaves will quickly reduce it. Bees and wasps only sting, as a rulE', in self-defence-but it is rather hard to remember this when one is constantly buzzing round the head. The First Aid treatment laid down in the Textbook is excellent and cannot be improved or. If the bitten part swells up quickly-as not infrtqucntly haIpens-apply a bread poultice freely Eaturated with lime water and repeat every hour if necessal y.

Spider b:tes can be very painful and are best treated by applying carbolic acid-here, as in the case of snake bite, fully dealt wit.h in the Textbook, a wooden match sharpened to a point and smartly bitten in the middle to the acid creeping up on to the fingers is the best means of making the application.

Severe sunburn of the facE', chest, or any exposed part can be relieved oy frtquent bathing with Elder flower wattr and the daily use of potash soar. The awful itching and distress caused by nettle rash-so frequently due to eating shell fish-can be soothed by frequently bathing the itching parts with a half and-half solution of spirit and water-rectified or methylated spirit or Eau de Cologne will act equally well. Tne application should be allowed to evaporate off the skin, and, the part well dlsted with talcum powder. Sea bathers, more especially during the months of August and September, have often cause to remember that jelly fish can sting. The jelly fish can fject a liquid when touched that causes inflammation

of the skin and when near a joint so much swelling may occur as to render a lim b useless for two or three days. Immediate and repeated bathing of the part with au alkaline solution-such as soda bical bonate in water-is the best treatment. The result depends more on the frequency of the bathing than in the strength of solution used.

fetters to the &ditot'.

We are tft ftO way for tlu oPiftiofts expressed, or tke slatemeftts made, b, Con espondc1lts.-EDITOR, ETC.

COLLEGE OF AMBULANCE.

DEAR SIR,

I would like to point ont to my fellow First Aiders the value of the College of Ambulance, 56, Queen Anne-street. An advertisement of the College is always found in every number of FIRST AID.

I t is desirable to support those who advertise in our valued monthly, as it tends to make the Journal more influential to both readers and advertisers.

I "found out" the College through a First-Aid advertisement and have been delighted with the result. Everyone knows of the difficulty of "find ng classes" just when you want them, but at the College the classes are continuous and concurrent, during the same week you can attend classes on all sorts of subjects, irrespective of the number of applicants.

The College has a wonderful way of arranging things so as to fall in with everyone's whims, fancies and circumstanc{s.

At the end of the course of the lectures you say which Examination you prefer. Red Cross or St. J obn and arrangements are made accordingly. have been through classes at the College both Red Cross and St. John and much appreciate the low fees and high standard of lectures. The comfort and equipment is everything that can be desired.

I t would, in my opinion, be better to state, at the beginning (instead of the end) of the lectures which Examination you prefer, Red Cross or St. John, you would then obtain the Red Cross or St. John books, which, though dealing with the same subjects, are quite different, it would not be desirable to have a Red Cross Manual if you wished to go in for a St. John Examination or vice-versa.

While on the subjects of ambulance classes generally, of which I have had a pretty wide experience, I would most emphatically advise anyone before joining a class anywhere, to get a definite assurance that the Examination will be held within two months at the close of the course of lectures.

Yours truly,

August, 19 22 • -F1RST arguments, inasmuch that he ignores the fact an up-to ·date ambulance competition is generally divided into three parts, viz.-I. Team Work. 2. Individual Tests. 3. Viva-Voce Tests.

Th6l'efore "highly skilled" practical First Aiders have an opportunity of displaying their practical skill in competition, and have, I consider, no cause for complaint against the continuation of the viva-voce tests which generally only constitutes one third part of a competition. would like to discuss briefly Il'ly three princiPlal reasons in support of the viva-voce tests.

First, surely no one can dispute the educational value of viva-voce tests as a whole.

Personally I am gaining some amount of knowledge from such tec;ts in almost every competition that I participate in, and I feel sure that with a little reflection most competitors will agree. There are numerous points of importance appertaining to our work continually cropping up, which are not directly mentioned in our Textbook so that even the keenest student very often overlooks.

But fortunately when a judge is preparing his questions for a viva-voce, he very often chooses some half-hidden parts which the Textbook attempts to teach, so that we have the benefit of an expert interpretation of some obscure points of the Textbook, which if viva-voce tests were eliminated we may not have an opportunity of receiving.

Secondly, maintain that one cannot be a "highly skilled First-Aider" if he is lacking in theoretical knowledge. Assume for a moment that a good practical First-Aider had the followquestion in a viva-voce test j-How would you treat a sting? and fail to satisfy the examiner, as to the instructions in the Textbook. Then surely a "highly skilled First Aider would not have the audacity to say, that given an actual case he do better than one who merely says correctly when questioned what he would do especially if the practical man had to give clear instructions to bystanders, etc., what he required to treat the sting.

Third.I)', why viva-voce tests on the grounds that practical tests are lllfinitely more valuable than theoretical tests, yet at the same time the a'Uthor of the above article says that the" best competition men are by no means the best when called upon to treat an actual case. I fad to see hiS argument, because if a man comes off best in an ambulance competition he must be best also in an actual emergency, (or is not a competitor put to the test as well as the theory test, in fact two-thirds part of an ambulance test, the competitor is required to demon,trate what he would do in an actual emergency.

If t is then, that the best competitors are not the First Alders, then competitions at once fails in their object.

That of "testing the ability of competitors to deal with cases under conditions of actual emergency."

am, Yours truly,

WILLIAM McTIFFIN.

AI b.- 3i

members are old Scouts whom I and other N.C.O.'s helped to train in the movement, which we luok upon as our best recruiting ground.

I am, Sir, Yours faithfully.

T. H. B.

SIR,-I think that" Efficiency First" is most unfair in his criticism of the above subject. He takes for his example two boys who were probably not eligible to render first ald. As an ambulance man of many years service, also medical and surgical assistant at several hospitals, and an ex-R.A.M_C. man with the British Forces and with the German army as a prisoner on medical duties (1914-1919), now an instructor and captain of the "Boys Life Brigade. " I think that I can impress him by just one or two cases from this worth v movement. A. Smalley, I 5 years of age, only two days ago rendered first aid to :a boy who had fallen from a dray and fractured his wrist. I stood by and I declare that no ambulance man could have given more prompt and careful attention as this lad. Another B.L.B. boy rendered first aid to a man who lost his foot through a tram accident, so effectually that the doctor declared he had saved the man's life.

Another B.L.B. boy pushing his way through a crowd saw a boy impaled on a iron railing. As some six inches of rusty metal were in the boy's hip and another spike had ent<tred the boy's lun 5 , it was a serious case, and the lad had already lost much ,blood After and" efficient)) first aid, it was ascertamed at the hospital that he had saved the boy's life. These are only a few out of many cases, and could supply my am bulance friend with another two dozen, which can be, proven ':S true ,Hoping th,:t I have put a dou bt ID "Efficiency First's" mmd regardmg "First Aid !reatment by I may add that I have not got an mstructor's certlficate, as I should not be more proficient if I had. Yours truly, IN ARDUIS FIDELIS.

Nursing,

To THE 10NA DIVISION. ST. JOHN'S Al\lBULANCE BRIGADE.

T. W. H.

ELIMINATION OF VIVA - VOCE TESTS.

DEAR SIR,

I was very interested in an article that appeared in the current issue of FIRST AID advocating the elimination of vivavoce tests in arr.bulance competitions. I anticipate a great deal of. discussion on the subject. Personally I oppose _ the suggestIOns j-

Firstly, because by eliminating viva-voce tests from corn· petition we would be cutting off a valuable source of information which-(I do not think anyone can question)-do appear frequently in questions set by the judges.

Secondly, I maintain that a competitor to be really efficient, should be proficient in Theoretical as well as Practical First Aid, because in my opinion each are closely related to the other

Thirdly, because, if I follow the trend of the above plea correctly, I maintain the author is "manifestly unfair" in his

FIR£T AID TREATMENT BY BOYS.

DEAR SIR,

I wa.s rather intents ted in your correspondent's letter in Ju.ly Issue, on the above suhject, and take the view that he IS a little .severe on the Boy Scouts, although they may have acted tlnwlsely; and I would remind him that there are m.embers of the Corps wh<? are not always capable of dealing With every they meet 10 a tlwroughly e(jicient manner, bLt they do their. be?t. Now, re his remarks on the Boy Scout It zs-(not "may be" please) - an admirable for boys, as proyed. by paper and other reports of good things frequently 10 life-savmg, assistance at fires, and I think he may do worse than act on a suggestion of mllle whICh has valuahle to us in our Corps, i.e., That he and others the Corps replace the alleged inefficien t and give ,the the benefit of their knowledge experience, 10 so dOlllg commence to train those who 10 years to come wIli fill our places in the Corps. : I would further add that some of our most eIltthUiiastic

THEY ,help the sick and injured, Their motto they retain, I n First Aid and sick nursing The eig ht points of St. J The first place is humanity With man's relief to man' Which always is their embl'em, No matter where they be. In accidents they sacrifice, Their all to save a life, And many. long and weary nights, They tOIl and learn or train. Some to teach the helpers, But both to render aid, I n accidents or sickness, They always do their ':lest. For in distress the public, Are first to seek their aid, But the ir:; to help their fellows, And although they their ple'3.sures miss The members of St. John are first, When ere the call for SUCCour comes To render every Aid. And thougb no thanks they may obtain Yet glad in heart they be, They've something for the stricken done To comfort thos-e who mourn.

VV. M .\1AcILRAITH, Surgeon, Bradford Corps.

August 1922. -FIRST

A I D.- 33

Queties and J\nswet's to eOt't'espondents.

.2ueri es will be dealt witk under tke following rul es :-

I.-Letters containin{, Queries must be marked on the top left hana corner of the envelope "Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E.C 4'

Queries must be by a " Query Coupon" cut trot! the current issue of the Journal, or in case of Queries from abroQi from a recent issue.

::t.-The Te x tb()ok, to which reference may be made in these columns is the 36th (I920) Edition of S-J.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

T:a:ST

W_ M. ( Rhondda ).-I have notir:ed recently that many teams now om it" the testing of stretcher" in Competitions-on the ground5 ( I ) that valuable t i me is lost in so doing, and (2 ) th a t there are no instructions in the for test i n g regulatIOn-though there are for lmprovlsed ( p.I76 ) - stret c hers.

On the other hand, I not ce that most of the marking sheets published in FIR ST AID allow marks for this detai l. We welcome your opinion on the matter.

I note with interest your statement about the omission of testing stretchers in competitions in S. Wales. Perhaps we Londoners are old -fashioned, as I have rarely seen this detail om i tted. Whether or no, I personally consider the step an im portant one and always allot a few thereto. Further, I c onsider that the Te x tbook lOstructlOn (p 180)-" Pnpa re Strdcher "-co vers the po i nt at issue, especially in view of its other instru c t io n on p. 24. To me "prepare " also implies " test ." By the way , "toss ng- a bearer on stretcher" does was te t im e an d is futile. Otherwise the argument about " waste of t i me " does not hold good .-N. C ORBET FLETC HER,

A PROB LE M IN FIRST-Am.

W. H. (K ent ish Town ).-The Daily Press has recently reported a n acci dent i n wh ic h a Red Cross commandant amputated an injured mati s arm above elbow-joint with a jack-knife, &c , as i mprov ised surgical instruments. The reports state (I) that the man was hanging in mid-air, presumably by h is injured arm which was entangled in a cog; (2 ) that operation was necessary to save life; ( 3) that a temporary sta g ing- capable of holding several assistants who supported patient during operation-had to be erected for this special purpose; and ( 4) that the doctor w hen he arrived, said he could not have performed the operat ion better himself in ordinary circumstances_

The newspapers seem to regard the feat as a fine piece o f F ir s t -Aid ; but while I admire the pluck of the operator, yet I cannot re c oncile his act ion with the Principles of First-Aid and am inclined to classify it as " Meddlesome

First A id "-i n view of the Textbook instructions with reference to " satisfactory provision for professional ass istan c e " (p. 21 ) and to "the duties and responsibilities of a do c tor " (p. 27 ) and in view of the fact that the doctor apparently arrived just after the operation.

Surely in a large city, like that named in the reports, not one but a do zen doctors could have been obtained by a properly e x pla ined written ( or telephoned ) message in the time took to build the stag i ng_ In such an emergency my con c ept ion of a First-Aider's duty would be that this ende d w i th the ere c tion of staging, the support of the patient and the despatch of an message, repeated if necessary, to the nearest do c tor avatlable. I Rather that

AID.-

August, 1922.

h a: morrhage was dealt with by tourniquet; btlt what about the dangers of sepsis from using unclean and improvised instruments and of additional shock from operation without an an a: sthetic? To me it is evident that a doctor might have reduced both these dangers and might possibly have saved lim b a s well as l ife. Further, my experience with the RA. M .C. conv nces me that a surgeon would have known better, if the limb had to be sacr ficed, how to cut his flaps with a view to the subsequent protection of the stump in the healing process. I ha.ve no desire to be unkind or unjust, but I shall be glad to know whether I am right or wrong in my opinion concerning this knotty problem in First-Aid?

It is difficult to pass judgment on facts presented in abbreviated newspaper reports ; but I congratulate you heartily on having put up a splendid ar g ument in support of your views, which are strictly in accord a n ce w ith the Principles of First-Aid.-N.C.F.

FRACTURES OF H UMERUS AND FOREARM.

D. F. (Manchester ).-If a simple fra c ture of humerus n its lower third be accompanied by a s im ple fr a c ture of forearm-should we treat a s for fr ac tured humerus or with right-angled splint ? Please ad vise.

Fractures in lower third of humerus are re g arded (and treated as ) fractures , involv ing elbow -joi nt. Its c omb nation, how ever, with a simple fracture of forearm c alls for some modification in treatment.

Bend forearm at right angles to arm, palm inwards : apply a right-angled splint (prepared accord ing to Te xtbook instructions p 60 ) to inner aspe c t of arm and fore a rm : appl y a nother (broad ) splint (as detailed on p. 6 1) to outer a spe c t of forearm. Fix splints with five bandages - one n m iddle of a rm and one immediately below elbow -joint to control fractur ed lz u merus (and splints ) : one above and one belo w fractured forearm t o control fr actu u d fo r ea rm (a nd splints ) ; a n d one round hand to complete control 0/ s1Jlints. F nall y, rest arm n l a r g e -arm sling and remove patient to medical ai d .-N .C.F

TREATME NT OF WO UNDS

A. B. ( Hull ).-Is a First-Aider ustified in undertak ing the continued treatment of small wounds whi c h are too tr iflin g to require the supervision of a do c tor.

Most certainly not ! No wound is " too trifl ing " to require medical supervision. First-Aid is con c erned only with the first dressing; and in view of various dangers (e. g. , sepsis, tetanus ) associated with apparently simple wounds, the Principles of First Aid definitely forbid re-dressin g of wounds which should only be undertaken on the authority of a doctor. -

N.C.F

THE USRS OF ARTI FICIAL RE SP IRATION_

B. F. (Briton Ferry).-Recently it was stated in examination that a man had been taken out of the sea, that his heart had ceased to act, and that he had been restored to life by art ficial respiration, which was kept up for forty -five minutes without any sign of life.

Please tell me ( ] ) if this is possible, and (2 ) if so, why is it that life cannot be restored by the same means, in cases of heart failure due to other known causes.

(I ) If the heart has only just ceased to act, then it is quite possible for artificial respiration, promptly applied and persistently carried out, to restore life. Delay involves risks and for this reason we start action on the spot lest heart should

p e r manently cease to act. By artificial respiration, we seek to m itate natural breathing and so hope to stimulate the brain centre controlling the heart, which, owing to the interference with breathing, is probably beating very feebly.

(

2 ) I do not quite understand your query; but I presume that you mean failure of heart s action from causes other than those of asphyxia. For, of course, as with drowning, so with the remain in g causes of asphyxia, prompt measures may be followed by equally satisfactory results. I n these cases the cause of the heart c easing to act is the interference with b reath ing. Remove the cause and the heart may possibly be m ade to resume action.

Similarly i n all ca ses of heart failure from whatsoever ca use - w ith cessation of breathing ( for example, shock or collapse)- a r tific ial resp ration i s somet£mes used with success a nd is always worthy of trial. I n these cases, however, the ch ances of su cc ess a re les s be c ause the opportunities of rem ovi n g the a c t ive causes are also less .- N.C.F.

RE MOVAL OF C LOTH IN G

H C (C o lc heste r).- I do not q uite understand on what g rounds the Te x tb o ok (p. 26) warns us that "patient's cl othes should not be taken off unnecessarily." So in my perple xi ty I ask your help

T he reasons underlying this ex c ellent principle are (I) that mu c h valu a b e time w ll b e lost during removal of clothes and their ne c e s s a ry repla c ement , which must be carried out slow ly and del i ber a tely, whereby prolonged exposure of pat ient may re s ult and transfer of patient to medical aid may be und ul y d elayed ; (2) th a t the ne c essary manipulations will favour aggrav ation of the orig inal injury especially the conversion of a s im ple nto a com pound or c ompl icated fracture; and that wi th si mple fr ac tures of b o nes the clothing affords suitable padding fo r splints .- N C F.

T HE C ONSTITUENTS OF WINE.

M. N. ( F n chley ).- I know that you are strict about the lineof d ivi sioD wh ic h separates Med icine and First Aid. At the r isk, therefore, of meriting reproof, I ask you to decide a po int which has. been much discussed among us. What is the nature of the drink popularly known as "BeeWi ne ?" Is it njur ous to health? Is it a temperance dr ink ?

B ee-Wine is prepared by adding a ferment - which is mai nly composed of yeasts, moulds and bacteria, and is in pop ul a r language called "Bees "-to a mixture of sugar or tr eacle, with the result that alcohol and lactic acid are formed. Far from bemg a temperance drink, it contains a variable am ount of alcohol, even up to 10 per cent which is twice as m uch as is contained in beer. I have not heard of illness folits use, except the pains and penalties of alcoholic Intoxlcation. - N.C.F.

Death commonly results from Asphyxia, because respiration usually fails first, except when the heart is instantaneously stopped by a large dose of the poison. Since death may o cc ur with lightning-like rapidity, treatment is often of no avail; but, if treatment be possible, it is directed to counteract this threatened paralysis of central nervous system. Free st i mulation, there.fore, is indicated, as by admin istration of alcohol or use of painful external stimuli, which, as i n Op ium poisoning, react reflexly on the nervous system. Cold douches a c t similarly but aim more especially at excit ing the Respiratory Centre to increased activity_-N.C. F.

FRA CTU RE D B ASl£ OF S KULL.

G. W. ( Sheffield ) - I am puzzled to know how b lood can trickle down the gullet in cases of Frac tured Base w ithout causing asphyx a. Is there any difference between tr ickling down and swallowing? The latter, as I understand it, is a muscular actIOn, through which by successive waves of contractions of muscles food is passed over epiglottis into gullet, thence down gullet into stomach. Can liquids pass down gullet w ithout this muscular action taking place as in the case of solid food ? I shall be mu c h obliged if you will solve my problem.

Blood i n small quantity may, without ill effects, trickle down gullet into stomach of an unconsc ious pat ient-without any mus c ular contractions of gullet and as the result of gravity only. In larger quantity, however, it tends to form a bloodclot, which may mechanically obstruct the larynx and cause asphyxia. Swallowing, however, is, as you say, a muscular act under the control of the will-without which solid food cannot be passed down gullet into stomach -N.C. F

PRINCIPLES OF FIRS T A m

B H. ( Bath ) asks us to tell him what is meant by the term " Principles of First Aid.

By "Prin c iples of First-Aid" we mean "certain fundamental truths " on which First-Aid is based and fr om w hich other guides to correct treatment may be dedu c ed. - N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF ABDOMINAL WO UND

W. S. (Mansfield).- With reference to Query of above title in June issue, I am sorry to say that I do not grasp your meaning when you approve the raising of head and shoulders.

I agree that shoulders should be nised to relax the abdominal muscles; but surely, if the head be not lowered then Collapse is being encouraged and not prevented As one who appreciates sincerely the voluntary task which you undertake in dealing so helpfully with our difficulties, I crave the indulgence of further comments on this point.

ACTION QF PRU SSIC ACID.

W C ( Chesterfield ) asks what is the action of Prussic Acid and what are the effects of cold water dashed on head and sp ne.

Acid (so-called because first obtained from :r russlan Blue ) produces its effects whether inhaled, taken tnt ernally, or applied to broken skin or mucous membrane. It lS a powerful ner ve poison which rapidly causes paralysis of nerves, of brain cells (including the centres which control heart respiration) and of heart muscle.

Tut! Tut ! ! Shoulders raised, head lowered! Try the position on yourself and see how uncomfortable it is and how it puts your trachea on the stretch, thereby making breathing difficult! Do you forget the words-" Ensure action of lungs" (Textbook, p. 128), of which the tra c hea is a part ?

I n my recent articles on Commo n E rror s I pointed out that this lowering (or raising) of head only is a curious and frequent mistake with many First-Aiders. Please grasp the fact that if the supply of blood to brain is to be lessened (tJr increased ) the head and shoulders of patient must be raised (or lowered) slightly above (tJ1" below) level of body. In short, the position of the head tis not so important as the [plane of the body.

ING A S TRETCHJ:R_

Further, alteration of the position of llead only tends to cause partial asphyxia by stretching trachea.

Finally, accept my congratulations in that, being still in doubt on the point at issue, you are not afraid to own up.-

USE OF SMELLING SALTS.

W. S. (Langwith).-In your June issue (p. 200) you give the "Dewar" Marking Sheets, according to which No. I Bearer was asked to give the signs and treatment of a wound of abdomen with injury to artery.

I note that one detail of required answer i5 "Hold smelling salts to nostrils," but no marks are allotted. I am at a loss to know whether marks should be given in this case. If they should, then I think such would be wrong seeing that the regulation contents of a St. Johns pouch do not include smelling salts.

As a member of the St. Johns Ambulance Brigade, I consider tbat smelling salts should be included in the pouch, since they are obtainable from the S1. Johns Stores Department.

Your powers of" observation" are gravely at fault in three particulars. }?£rst, I find that one mark was allotted to this detail of treatment and so figures in the marking sheet as given in June issue; sewndly, the competition was conducted not on the S.J.A B. pouch but on the basis of the S.J.A.A. Textbook, in which (p. 105) you will find the use of smelling salts recommended for this injury; and thirdly, three times in your letter you write "St. Johns" in place of the more correct I' St. John.))

As for your suggested improvement of the Brigade pouch, I recognise that your point has a practical bearing, but I regret that we cannot assist. If, however, you look up Rule 26 of your Brigade Regulations you will find set out "the proper channel of communication to be observed in all correspondence."

By the way, an eye witness told me a story the other day about smelling salts, which, in my opinion, do not avail much as a means of treatment! On tbe occasion of Prince.:;s Mary's Wedding a private in S.J.A.B. Uniform had to treat a fainting woman. He took a bottle of smelling salts out of his pouch (naughty fellow to break regulations !) and proceeded to pull out the stopper. He failed; and then, to the amusement of the crowd, he continued his efforts. In the end, it took the combined efforts of two burly police officers, one nursing sister, and one private to release the stopper! Meanwhile the patient had completely recovered.-N. C. F.

TREATMENT OF SULPHUR ASPHYIA.

H. W. (Custom House).-To conform with certain regulations relating to the extermination of rats, ships entering English ports have to be fumigated periodically. This is usually done by lighting sulphur candles in the hold, which is then sealed up by putting on hatches and tarpaulins. About forty-eight hours later the hatches are taken off, and, if the day is damp, we get the full benefit of the sulphur fumes on the quay.

I n case of accident want to be prepared for anything that might happen, and I shall be greatly obliged if you will kindly tell me what I should have ready for any such emergency, especially in view of the Textbook intructions (p. I32. last line).

Inhalation Asphyxia (Text book, p. 13I)-i n which the respiratory movements are usually free-may be due to presence in a medium e£ther (I) devoid of oxygen or (2) impregnated with gases, actively poisonous in effects. The former might aptly be called mechanical asphyziants, such as hydrogen, nitrogen, &c., and the latter po{sonous (or t(Jxic)

AID.- August, 1922

asphyxiants, liiuch as carbonic oxide, chlorine, chloroform vapour, &c.

Sulphur is not usually regarded as a poison, and sulphur fumes, therefore, belong to the first-named class. Such being the case, treatment should be carried out as laid down in Text book (132). As for preparations, I suggest that you keep all your men thoroughly efficient in the performance of Schafer's Method; and that, with an eye to the after-care of Asphyxia (p. 14 1 , you keep your station equipped with blankets, hot water bottles, &c. To th is end a cylinder of oxygen (with funnel and tubing attached) might be included in your outfit, since oxygen-though regarded as specific for carbonic oxide only-may prove useful in all such cases, and more particularly when the patient presents marked blueness of face.-N.

C. F.

Cmn.ION ERRORS IN FIRST-Am.

D. D. (Kelston) and OTHERS.-Messrs. Bale Sons & Danielsson, 83-9 1, Great Titchfield-street, London, W. I, expect to publish Dr. Corbet Fletcher's Common Errors in First A£d early in August ( post free, IS. 3d.).-ED.

Ex-M.H.H.R.-Ranks granted by virtue of promotion while serving in H.M. Forces are granted substantive rank and considered supernumerary to establishment until they can be absorbed into the establishment of their corps or division.

A.W.O. (Royton-on-Tyne points out that at a recent inspection he was surprised to notice that the Brigade Long Service Medal bore the head of Queen Victoria and not that of H. M. King George V. By a Supplemental Statute dated 31st July, 1906, the medal is specially specified.as bearing the head of Queen Victoria. The Statute was approved by the then Grand Prior H.R.H. George Prince of \Vales.

As in previous years, the heads of the Churches of the country are rer.omm e nding their various bodies to give the proceeds of their offertories on Armistice Sunday to the Toint Council of the Order of St. John and the British Red Cross Society, and an appeal signed by Her ]\lajesty Qlleen Alexandra and His Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught will shortly be issued to the Clergy and Ministers. A

RMY Stretchers, with Slings, ;65 dozen, lOS. each.Firth, Wakefield-road, Pontefract. A

COURSE of Lectures for Men on First Aid will be given by Dr. F. H Crowdy (Divisional Surgeon Northern Heights Division) on Tuesdays at 8 p.m., commencing- Oct. 3rd, 1922, at St. Michael's Parish Hall, Highgat6. Fee 4S.G A. Little, secretary, 3I, Squire's-lane, Finchley, N.3. N

ow is your chance for dz'scrz'mz'natlon. Full sized ( bleached) TRIANGULAR BANDAOOS, suitable {or competition work. 5s. rd. per dozen, carriage paid. Be tactful and order now; limited quantit.y. -Robinson and Sharples, Werneth Cotton Warehouse, Oldham.

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Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once.

A member o( S.J.A.B. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted tor the Cou rses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses but could never find where

FIRST-AID X-RAY ATLAS OF THE ARTERIES

By H. C. ORRlN, O.8.E., F.R.C.S.(Ed.), Examiner in Firs(-Aid.

Thi; is the only Atlas of its kind. It is pocket size and consists of 20 Figures and Plate, of the Arterial System, with Pressure Points indic-l.l ed. Pr:ce 2/6 net (postage 2d.)

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Questions and Answers on Ambulance Work.

By j. MARTIN, M.D. Revi;ed by LEO;\'ARD S. BARNES, Official Lecturer and Fxaminer to the t. John Amb. Ass. E ighteenth Editiun. Pp. viii+ 12.5. Price 1/6 net (postage 2d.).

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TROPICAL FIRST AID, HOME NURSING,

AID- August, 1922.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &C.,

By N. CORItET PLETCHER, M.B., B.C., B.A.(Caotab), M.R.C.S.

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

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Home·Nurslng Simplified aod Tabulated, with Aids to Memory.

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DIfficulties In StUdy aod Treatment solved by Question and Answer.

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II Without doubt tM book will be o/,great scY'IJice in the trll&ininr oftMse for whom it is designed. "-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

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THE BIRTH AND EARLY DAYS OF OUR AMBULANCE TRAINS IN FRANCE-AUGUST, 1914, to APRIL, By "WAGON-LIT." p ost free. JOHN BALB, SONS clt DANIBLSSON. Ltd .• 88-91, Gpeat Tltchfleld Stpeet. London, W.1.

(Black Vicuna or Serge)

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President: H.R.B. THE PRINCE SS CHRISTIAN. CLASSES

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 38. 6d. post free; single copies 3d. Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily tJublication) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4. lelegrap1r.ic Address: "Twentv-Iour, London." 7 elep1r.one No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

ALTHGUGH these lines are being penned under a cloudless and altogether ideal summer conditions (the writer is taking a late holiday) we are reminded that by the time they appear in print summer will be over and official "summer time" replaced by the Greenwich mean variety, which gives us an hour's l ess daylight daily-or, to be more precise, an hour's less daylight at the end of the day.

and October, and whilst some have remained to complete the full courses of instructions and duly take the examitions, many have fallen out, enthusiasm has given place to apathy, and promising recruits have been lost.

Why is this defection such a feature of ambulance classes and how can it be remedied? It must, of course, be admitted that the subject is not one which appeals to all natures and temperaments alike. Many are doubtless attracted by the beneficent nature of the work, but find it difficult to maintain interest in the detailed instruction On the other hand, there are some who at first appear to be attracted from little more than mild curiosity, and who, at the completion of the course, evince marked enthusiasm in all the kindred subjects and join the ranks of the Brigade. Perhaps it is largely a question of temperament, and it may be a truism that the ideal ambulance worker is born and not made. But in these days of so many other pursuits for our young men and women, is it not likely that some more consideration should be given to the social side of the work, i.e., the gatherings made more attractive to young people. Ambulance work, valuable as it is, has associations which are, perhaps, more depressing than otherwise, and some natures will find little that is attractive in conversations limited to such subjects as hcemorrhage, fractures and insensibility. Those who haTe become accustomed to such references must remember that the young and imaginative may at their first association not feel altogether at ease in an atmosphere of this kind, particularly if it has no social side as a set off.

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The advent of dark evenings will witness, as it has done in past years, renewed activity in ambulance circles. Classes in first aid, home nursing and kindred subjects will be organised and new recruits for the ambulance ranks will be attending their first lectures, whilst the veterans of the movement (to which it owes so much) will be busy instructing the young idea in the mysteries of triangular and roller banda!:,ing, etc., stretcher drills and the like.

Those who have been associated with the movement for a number of years have seen numbers of novices, full of enthusiasm, come to the cpening lectures in September

We should like to hear from some of the centrp.s and detached classes on this subject, and to know what steps they have taken to attract new recruits to their ranks, and, having got them, what is found to be the most effective means of retaining them. A curious thing about ambulance work is that if the student's interest can be maintained for two or three years he can, in many instances, be counted upon as a life worker in the caus e

The secretary of one of our largest centres III the country, an ambulance worker of many years' experience, recently expressed the view that the difficulty in defections from classes was almost entirely limited to beginners and

-}i'IRST

second year men, and that once an ambulance worker gained his medallion (third year's award) he was mC;Jre likely than not to follow up the work year by year afterwards. The moral of this seems to be "take care of the beginners and the trained men will look after themselves." And that is just where we were at the commencement, and the question is really one of how best to take care of the beginner and keep him interested in the work for the first few years.

Perhaps some of our readers will be good enough to let us have their views on this subject, for it is an important one and one of which a good deal was heard in pre-war days.

First Aid in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.

By J. HENTON WHITE, M D., F.R.C.S E.

As is well known the Hcemoglobin or red colouring matter of the blood is the means whereby oxygen is conveyed from the lungs to the tissues.

When Hcemoglobin comes into contact with oxygen, as in the lungs, a compound called oxyhcemoglobin is formed.

The oxygen and the hcemoglobin are however very loosely combined and as the blood flows through the capilliaries the attraction of the living cells for oxygen is so great that the oxyhcemoglobin is broken up and the oxygen is seized by the tissues: this leaves the hcemoglobin in the blood unsatisfied as regards oxygen until it again passes through the lungs to get a fresh supply.

Oxygen is not, however, the only gas for which hcemogbbin has an affinity: it will also combine with carbon monoxide and with this gal; a closer bond of union takes place tha'1 between oxygen and hcemoglobin.

When a man is exposed to a mixture of oxygen and carbon monoxide, as in a room full of coal-gas or in a mioe after an explosion, the lungs become filled with such a mixture so that some of the hcemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhcemoglobin and some with carbon monoxide to form carbon monoxide hcemoglobin.

00 arrival at the capilliaries the oxyhcemoglobin is broken up but the carbon monoxide hcemoglobin IS unaffected.

The result is that the hcemoglobin gradually all becomes carbon monoxide hcemoglobin, the tissues get no oxygen and the patient dies.

In a large animal, like man, this takes a comparatively long exposure especially if there is but a small percentage of carbon monoxide in the foul air.

We are not much affected till a considerable proportion of our blood is saturated with carbon monoxide and at first, if no exertion is undertak p.n we feel no serious efft!cts. The spectroscope, however, shows that this carbon monoxide remains in the blood for some hours; and is not easily displaced by pure air which has only about 20 per cent. of oxygen; it goes much sooner if we breathe pure oxygen, hence this gas is given in these cases when possible.

There is one very important First Aid lesson to b e

Al D.- September, Ilj22

learnt from this persistence of carbon monoxide in the blood, namely, that it is very inadvisable to let a man who has once been do'Vn a mine in a rescue party and been exposed to afterdamp to go down a second time, for his blood is already half saturated with carbon monoxide, and he will, if exposed to this gas succumb to its effects very much more rapidly than will his comrades who may n ot have gone down b::!fore.

No man should go down a mine a second time for at lea'3t twenty-four hours after being exposed to this gas. This is not sufficiently emphasised either in the recent publication on this subject by the Government nor in the pamphlet" First Aid in Coal Mines" issued by the Order of St. John.

Arrangements should be made for Relay rescue-parties of trained men after an e xplosion and keen ambulance men must be prevented from unnecessarily risking their lives.

----.--.

Reviews.

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY FOR JUNIOR NURSES.

By Felicie Norton.

London :-The Scientific Press, Ltd., 28 & 29, Southampton-street, W.C.2. Price 2S. 9d. post fr ee.

In a neat little and well-printed cloth-bound book, Miss Felicie Norton has set out clearly and distinctly all the essential facts of Anatomy and Physiology for Junior Nurses. Theoretically these are subjects beyond the scope of First Aid except in their merest outlines; practically-and especially to senior ambulan ce students-they are of inestimable value and interest. To these, therefore, we heartily commend this useful little textbook which is well illustrated with twenty-four original diagrams.

COMMON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID.

By N. Corbet Fletcher, M.B., M.R.C.S., London :-Bale, Sons & Danielsson, 83-91, Great Titchfield-street, W.I. Price IS. nett. Postag e 3d.

Published originally in form in this Journal, thisthe latest of Dr. Corbet Fletcher's several publicationsrec eived such universal praise that it bids fair to outrival its predecessors in practical usefulness and populari ty. Personally we consider that the doctor has used his great experience of the subject to good purpose, and we congratulate him on having struck a new pathway to knowledge of First-Aid when he sets out in this little book all the errors commonly made by students. Indeed, we know no one else who could have attempted and carried through so successfully such a difficult task.

The College of Ambulance has issued its prospectus of classes (copies of which-6d. net each-can be obtained from the College Secretary, 56, Queen Anne-street Cav e ndish Square, W.l) for the autumn term which commenced, on September 18th, which gives full particulars regarding the college's work. Attention may be drawn to the lectures open to the public each Thursday at 8 p.m., and to the special lectures to Boy Scouts and Girl Guides.

September, 1922. -FIRST

3'he Grand of the Order of thc ){ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in f;ngland. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

No. I Distric.t COMMISSIONER:

3' he St. John ..Ambulance Srigade. DISTRICT ORDERS.

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL OCTOBER, 1922.

Sunday, 1st.-No. 70 Division, Royal Borough of Kensington "

8th -N o. 7 " Tottenham. sth.-N o. 72 " Barking. 22nd.-No.74 London City Mission. 29th.-N o. 76 " Limehouse.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m. RE-EXAMINATIONS.

A notice has been received from the Chief Commission er po inting out that certain Divisions have not yet been reexamined for the current year.

In accordance with the Regulations such re-examinations should have taken place not later than July 31st last, except by special permission; and it is pointed out that such delay causes additio'1al work, not only to the District but to the Brigade Office. Moreover, it involves the possible efficiency of members of the Divisinns who have not conformed to these requirements.

Officers and Members-in-Charge of Divisions who have not yet arranged for their Annual Re-Examination should do so without further delay.

BRIGADE FLAG-DAYS.

It is reported that certain divisions of the Brigade are making application to the StOles Department of the St. John Ambulance Association for supplies of flags for brigade-days without first obtaining sanction for their use from this office.

It must be distinctly understood that no arrangement for the holding of flag-days should be made until the details have been submitted for the approval of the Commissioner and the sanction of the Chief Commissioner. Attention is directed to D.O. 539 setting forth conditions governing appeals of this character.

ANNUAL INSPECTION, SEPT. 30th, T922, by the Chief Commissioner, Sir James R. Andrew Clark, Bart., C.B., C.M.G., F.R.C .S.E., Exhibition Grounds, Hyde Park (by Knightsbridge Barracks), at 4 p.m.

The time for parade of companies will be issued to each officer not later than the 23rd instant, and should any officer not receive such instruction by that date he should immediately notify District Headquarters.

CLASS INSTRUCTORS.

The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis has arranged to hold classes in first aid for the benefit of all men serving in the Force who do not already hold First Aid Certifica tes of St. Tohn Ambulance Association, and has invited thiS I?lstnct to supply competent lay-instructors for bandagepractice, &c. Officers and Members-in-Charge who have men able to undertake this important work should forward their names by return, st;Ich as are selected will be appointed to the nearest polIce-station or section-house in their locality.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commz'ssz'oner

AID. - 39

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending ne", s paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers .-EDITO R.

No. 2 District.

BOURNEl\WUTH.-Organised by Miss A. Arkwright, the treasurer and secretary, a jumble sale was held recently at the Medical Supply Dep ot, 19, Windham-road, Bournemouth, in aid of the depot funds It realised £ IO 18s. 6d. This depot was started by the St. John Ambulance Divisions at the request of Dr. Bottomley, O.B.E., Assistant Commissioner, No.2 District, and the other medical officers. It was opened on the 22nd April last, and under the abl e superintendance of Miss Arkright it is making good progress. The depot is staffed by members of the Bournernouth and South bourne Nursing Divisions.

G LOUCESTER.-The sixth annual church parade of the members of the Ci ty and the Wagon Works Divisions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and the local Red Cross Society, was held at St. Catharine's Church on Sunday, August 27th. There was also present a number of the members of the Cheltenham Division of the Brigade and Red Cross, and the local Naval Brigade, in charge of Commander 'vV. B. Bayley. The City Division was in charge of Supt. J. Smith, the Wagon Works Division Supt. W. H. Palmer, and the Red Cross Detackment Commandant A. F. Watts. Dr. Merrick Jones accompanied the Cheltenham Red Cross men, First Officer G. Jackson, the City Division, and Quartermaster H. T. Shewell the Red Cross Detachment. The procession was headed by the Wagon Works Silver Band. Rev. Canon Maynard Smith preached an appropriate sermon.

No. 4 District.

MANCHESTER.- The annual inspection of the Corps was beld by kind permission of the Chief Constable in the Albertstreet Poiice Station yard on August 25th. Upwards of a hundred members paraded from the Ardwick, Hulme, N crth Manchester, Gorton, and N orth- West Manchester Divisions. Ambulance sisters from the North Manchester and Openshaw Nursing Divisions were also present. The parade was drilled as a company under the Corps officers, and in bandag ing and hand-seat drill; each Division was also exercised under the supervision of its Superintendent. The inspecting officer, Assistant Commissioner C. H. Fowler Jones, expressed his pleasure at the general smartness, and said that all must have worked hard to attain such efficiency.

No. 5 District.

BIRKENHEAD.-On 22nd August a company of officers and members assembled at Gearnley Hall, The Woodlands, for the purpose of b idding to Dr. J. Ratclif'!"-Gaylard on his retirement from the pos.tlOn of Corps Supenntendent and leaving the district.

Dr. J. Williams MacFarland, Corps Surgeon, occup!ed the chair, and in opening the proceedings, said. he regretted to announce that the Corps was to lose one of Its most valuable officers in the person of Dr. Ratcliff- Gaylard. All who were interested in ambulance work in Birkenhead knew the splendid services he had rendered, ::lnd on behalf of all members he wished Dr. Ratcliff-Gaylard a long life of prosperity and happiness. and trusted that the change and rest he was about to take would prove most beneficial.

Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. John Williams was then asked to make the presentation, and in doing so thanked Dr. RatcliffGaylard for all he had do?e for the Nu:sing of Corps, particurlarly the Blrkenhead Nursmg Dlvlsl.on, of which he was the first Divisional Surgeon. She asked him to accept the present as a mark of esteem and respect in which he was held by all members of the Corps, and wished him a long life

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and happ ness in wh ich to enjoy the rest he had so earned. M rs. W illiams then graciously handed to Dr. Ratcl1ffGaylard a handsome silver cigarette c asket engraved as follows :-

"Presented to Dr. J. Ratcliff-Gaylard by the officers and members of the Birkenhead St. John Ambulance Corps as a mark of esteem and respect on his retirement from the posit ion of Corps Superintendent, 22nd August, 19 22 "

Dr. R a tcliff- G aylard , in reply, thanked all members for the present and more especially the kindly thought which prompted it. He re g retted that he was le aving Birkenhead, but would al ways remember hi s very pleasant association \Vith the Birkenhead Corps. It would be a great pleasure t o him to hear from time to t me of the cont inued success of the Corps under the new Corps Superintendent, in whom they had a man second to none in the knowled g e of B r igade work. He was to take a voy ag e East in N ovember and the casket would a c company h im on h is travels, and would serve to remind him (if that were ne c e ss ary ) of his colle a gues in the C orps.

He again thanked them s ince r ely and heartily for their kindness and resumed his seat am id loud applause.

Lady Corps Secretary M r s. Blair and Divisional Lady Supt. Miss Kaberry, asso ci ated themselves with the thanks expressed to D r R atc liff-G a yla r d Supt. F. D. K ent s po ke of the g reat work Dr. RatcliffG a yl a rd ha d done in p iloting the C orps through a very difficult an d c r iti c al period, and sa id he felt a personal regret that the d oc tor was leav ing.

No. II (S.E. &. C.R.) District.

O n Au g ust 9 th Commiss ioner E. A. Richards presided o ver a g oo d attendance in the Ambulance Hut at Red Hill St a ion. P rov id ing sufficient interest is displayed, t is propo s ed to form a Nurs in g Division for the staff emplo y ed in the Red H ill and surroun d ing d epots. The d istribution of awards gai ned dur in g the re c ent classes also took place during the even in g

At A sh on Au g ust I 2th, the Reading and Aldershot Divisi ons par a ded for annual inspect ion. In spite of a very wet afternoon the D ivis ions mustered in good numbers. Sir Arthur Mayo Robson attended, and at the close of the inspection he s poke to the parade in very eulogist terms. Sir Arthur e x pressed his pleasure in seeing the Aldershot Cadet Divisions on parade.

The Br ic klayer s Arms Divis on organ ised a nevel interDivis ional c ompetit ion, which took pla c e on Au g ust 19th. Dr. Hall iwell wa s the judge After the distr ibution of pr izes and a wards a splendi d c oncert was provided.

At Hast in g s, on Au g ust 22nd, the Rye and Hastings D ivis ions were inspe c ted by the Di stri c Sur g eon. The men presented an e xcept ionally smart appearance, and we are glad to learn t hat in c onsequen c e of propaganda work there is a great growth of intere s t in Brigade organisation on the K ent and Sussex borders.

R EI GATE.-A fl a g d a y was held on behalf of the S.-E. & C. Ry. Div iSIOn an d the Borough Corps on August 19th, which pro ved an unqual fied s u c cess. The promoters are to be cong r at ul a ted upon th e c are with which they made the preliminary arran g ements which resulted in a collection of over £ 166.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

Ex c ellent serv ice wa s rendered by the Ambulance Divisions and some member s of Nursin g U nits on August 16th on the o cc asion of Pres dent Griffith s funeral. Corps Supt. J a mes H. Webb was in c harge of the Brigade on duty, and Co r ps Supt. A J. MacW ill iam with a Detachment of St. John men mar c h e d in the very la rge and representative procession.

I mmen s e cro wd s also thron g ed the Dublin streets on August 28 th when Gene r al Coll ins was laid to rest. On th is occasion Corps Supt. A. J. M a c William took charge of the Ambulance arrangements wh ich were admirably carried out and a large number of c asee:; treated.

AID.- September,

The First Aid Huts in Foster-place and O Connell-street ha\ e proved of the greatest possible service during the few months they ha v e been erected.

At the Roy a l Dublin Society s Horse Show, August 15th to 18th, Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Shanks organised and was in charge of the Ambulance arran g ements and carried them through to the complete satisfaction of Mr. Bohane and the Council of the Ro y al Dublin Society.

Supt. William Paget Haffield , M.B.E., with the members of Glenageary Division undertook the night duty during the week which under present c onditions in Dublin was particularly arduous.

Lady Supt. Mrs. Charles Keatinge took charge of the catering arrangements and did so most efficiently; and amongst others on duty there were Lady Corps Supts. Mrs. W. H Robinson and Mrs. R. H. K eatin g e; with Lady Supts. Miss Nugent M rs. Eager, Miss Moore ; and Divi si onal Supts J. S. Smurthwa ite, J. P Tyrrell, and members of City of Dublin Ambulance Division under Ambulan c e Offi c er Homan.

The Annual Inspe c tion of the Naas Nursing Division, coupled with the Annual Cup Competition t ook place on the N aas Cricket Ground on the afternoon of August 25th. New features this year were a Cup for Offi c ers only, by Dr. O Donel Browne, an d a c onsol a tion pri ze presented by Mrs. Graham. Those competing were M iss M oore, Miss V. Moore, and Mrs. Graham ( Office r s ); and Mrs. Pratt, Mrs. Sargent, Miss V\Thite, and Mi ss Valentine ( Sisters ) The Officers' Cup was won b y Miss V. Moore, and the Medal by Miss Moore. The S isters C up was won by Miss Sargent, and the miniature runners up Cup by Mrs. Pratt ; while Miss White won the Consolation pr iz e of an atta c he case. The Inspecting Officer wa s M iss Bla ndford, and the Judges Phelan ( Matron ) and Dr. Murphy for Home Nursing and First Aid respect ively Tea in the Pavil on followed the competition and the table was tastefully de c orated by Mrs. Crawshaw. Miss Bl a ndford afterward s di s tributed the prizes .

Ambulance Work on the Great Western Railway, 1921.

THE year 1921 witnessed a marked revival in 1mbulance activities throughout the Great Western Railway, and progress for the year, as measured by the number of successful examinees, constitutes a record which clipses even the results 0 btained in the year 1914; hi th e rto regarded as th e high water mark of the Centre. The total number of examination awards gained during the yeaI' was 376, made up as under:-

September, J 922

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have been reported illustrating th e value of ambulance training. The reports are under consideration by the Company's medical officer in connection with the annual gold, silver, and bronz e medal and certificate awards.

The Ambulance Corps Movement at stations on the C ompany's s} stem continued to be well supported throughout the line, and is making steady progress

To mark his appreciation of all that is beine done by t he Great "'IVestern Rail wa y to encourage their staff to become qualified ambulance workers. Mr. Henry Butt, J .P., of Weston-Super-Mare; presented a silver challenge rose-bowl in connection with the Company ' s annual competitions, and also thre e silver cups and three gold medals for local distribution. Lord Bledisloe of Lydney Pard also gave a challenge shi e ld for competition hy the members of t he G. W & Mid. (Joint) Ambulance Corps at Lydney_

During the year three men prominent in ambulance work were re -organised by the Order of St. John of J e rusalem by e nrolment as Honorasy Serving Brothers of the Order, whilst another was awarded the Parchment V ote of Thanks.

AIb.-=

of a peculiar colour; and I realised that he was being slowly but surely asphyxiated.

Without delay I rolled him over on his back and was rewarded by immediate evidence of the asphyxia passing away and of returning consciousness. Later I learned that he had started tv cut the grass immediately after a heavy meal and that the last thing he remembered was a feeling of faintness. From these facts I recognised that exertion on a full stomach had caused syncope, and that asphyx ia had followed obstruction to breathing due to the posit ion accidentally assumed in falling.-M. R., Cannon-street.

FIRS T-AID WITH E FF ICIENC Y

Three small boys-all under ten years of age-were playing with a trolley in a gravel pit, when the trolley ran away and knocked down the youngest boy who fell with his left leg doubled beneath him. Immediately afterwards br ght blood began to pour from a wound in the left calf

Fortunately one of the youngsters was the son of a keen ambulance man and had often been used by his father as a model for bandage practice. His kl1owled g e, gained in this way, was now turned to good account; and, although left to

A WELL- KN OWN W EST -C OUNT R Y AMBU LANCE F AMIL Y

Certificates. Vou c hers, Medallions

1, 21 4 47 6 274

The total number of awards gained ation of the C e ntre (1896) being :-

Labels Total. 1,797 376 since the in augurCertificates. Vou c hers. Medallions. Labels. Total.

15,257 7 ,498 5,3 27 12,350 40,433

During the year the G. W. R. celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary as a Centre of the St. John's Ambulance Association, and to celebrate the event, the Company instituted the gold medal efficiency award to members with fifteen years ambulance e ffici e ncy to their credit. Approximately 170 gold medal., have already been awarded.

Good practical work was demonstrated in the annual competitions in which no fewer than 81 teams (47 advanced and 37 beginners) participated. These contests continue to infuse the keenest interest and rivalry b e tween competing teams, and their popularity with all grades of the staff is largely responsible for the high standard of first aid efficiency maintained. Dr. J. Maclean Carvell again acted as adjudicator in the competitions.

As in past years numerous cases of actual first aid

F a ther-Supt. Charles M. Ball, Divisional Supt. Plymouth Co-operative Division. Moth er-Mrs. Ch a rles VI. Ball, Ambulance Sister,,, " " Son --Ambulance Officer Charle s Ball, Ambulance Officer, " Daug hter-Miss Ball, Ambulance Sister, Plymouth Co-operative Division.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special referen ce to good and bad tJoints in 7 reatment-for inclusion in this Column.

UN USU AL CA USE OF ASPHYXIA.

. Not long ago I was busy in my garden when I heard my nelghbou!'s little boy call-" Father "-in a loud and curiouslytoned VOice, clearly suggestive of alarm. Looking over the fence I .saw the father lying face downwards on his garden lawn which he had apparently been engaged in cutting w.ith a mower.

As he made no movement and did not ans\Ver my call , I fence and quickly ran to his help. When I reached him, I noticed that his face was buried in the ground and was

his own resources, he acted with "resourcefulness " and (I discrimination. " Recognising the loss of blood as serious he pull.ed stout string out of his pocket, and without delay tied It tIghtly round the leg above and below the wound. Then fearing some other injury beyond his skill he laid his patient flat on the ground, covered him with and told the. other boy to !un half-a-mile for help. When some dl fficulty was in releasing the tourDlquet, so effiCiently had the string been tied.

Further examination excluded any other injury; and the patient was removed home wher e he made a good rec:)very and had cause to be grateful to hiS playmate for protecting him from the immediate and remote effects of h re morrhageL. R., Charlton Park.

Wheo corresponding with Advertisers please meotion "First Aid. ,.,

TliE ST. JOliN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

AUGUST, 1922

The Chi e f Commissioner has sanctioned the followiug appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

No DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 46 (Enfield) Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Doris Lee Peabody to be Lady Divisional Supt., 8.9 22

NO.7 (Toynbee Hall) Division.-Private Edward William Fearn to be Ambulance Officer, 16.8.22

No. 76 (London City Mission) Division.-Corporal Walter Edward Davies to be Ambulance Officer, 16.8.22

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Reading (G.W.R.) Division.-Sergt. George Henry Hockey to be Ambulance Officer, 10.8.22

Bristol Corps (Bris tol Nursing Division).-Lady Ambulance Officer F. Cooke transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 29.3. 22

NO.3 DISTRICT.

North East Warwickshire Corps (Nuneaton Divi:;ion ).Thomas Henderson Forrest, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 8.8.22

Wellingborough Corps (Higham Ferrers Nursing Division).-Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. Patenall resigned, 8 9. 22

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Preston Corps ( Headquarters Division).-Ambulance Officer James Andrew Lendrum to be Divisional Supt., 25. 8 22

Sergt. James Myers to be Ambulance Officer, 15. 8 22

Crompton Division.-John Vassie Buchanan, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 9. 8.22

Birkenhead Corps.-Divisional Supt. Francis D. Kent to be Corps Supt., 28.8.22

Ellesmere Corps ( Little Hulton Nursing Division).-Lady Ambulance Officer Emily Jane Payne to be Lady Divisional Supt., 15. 8 22

Manchester and Salford Corps (Hulme Division).-Divisional Surgeon R. West res ig ned, 8.9. 22

No. 5 DISTRICT.

Corps Surgeon Huber Wolstenholme Horan, M.B., B .S., to be County Surgeon for Nottinghamshire, a2.8.22

Corps Supt. Oswalc Frank Buxton to be District Officer, Southern Area, West Riding of Yorkshire, 3I.8.22

Nottingham Corps (B and Division).-Private Joseph

Walters Elliott to be Ambulance Officer, 23. 8 22

Richard Davies to be Divisional Supt., 26.7. 22

Nottingham Corps ( Great Northern Division).-Abraham

Isaac Clarke, L.RC.P. & S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 24.7. 22

Sheffield Corps.-Divisional Supt. Alfred Ernest Taylor, M.B.E., to be ('orps Supt., 3I.8.22

Denaby Main Corps.-Corps Officer H. W. Smith resigned, 14. 6 21

Divisional Supt. Harry Hulley to be Corps Officer, 9.5. 22

Bradford Corps.-Lady Supt. M. Langley resigned, 22.8.22.

Bradford Corps ( Midland Railway Division).-Sergeant William Turton to be Ambulance Officer, 14 8 22

Halmerend and Distr ic t Corps. - Private Frank Charlesworth to be Corps Officer, 15 .8.22

Halmerend and District Corps (H almerend and Audley Division).-Ambulance Officer Ernest Scrivens to be Divisional Supt., 18.5. 22

Lincoln Corps (" A" Division).-Sergt. Herbert Lord to be Ambulance Officer, 19.8.22

Denaby Main Corps (Con isborough Nursing D ivi sion ).Lady Ambulance Officer A. Heys resigned, 25. 8 22

Denaby Main Corps (Denaby Division).-Ambulance Officer T. Jones resigned, 22 8.22

Dewsbury and Distr ict Corps (Batley Division).-Ambuance Officer Shackleton removed from Roll of the Brigade for non-compliance with Brigade Regulations

Shipley and District Corps (B ureley-in -Wharfedale Division ).-· Supt. Wlthyman resigned, 22.8.22

Keighley Corps ( Keighley Nursing Division).-Divisional Surgeon F. Villey resigned, 27.8.22

Hanley and District Corps.-Corps Supt. R H. Read resigned, 30 7.22

R. H. Read , M.R C.S. , LR.C.P. & S., to be Corps Surgeon, 2.8 22

New Hucknall Colliery Corps ( Welbeck Colliery Division ). -Private Eric Muschamp to be Ambulance Officer, 18.7·22

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Ashington Coal Company Corps.-Sergt. Nixon Grey to be Corps Sergt.-M ajo r, 17·8. 2"

Houghton-Ie-Spring Division.- James Eugene Crawley to be Ambulance Officer, 30.6.22

Thornley Colliery Dlvision. - Duncan Dav ie, M.B., C.M., to be Divisional Surgeon, 4 8.22

Hull Corps (Ar ygle Divis ion ).- Divisional Supt. W. Usher resigned, 8.922

Mid Durham Corps (East Stanley Collieries D ivisio n ).D ivi::.ional Supt. W. Severs resigned, 8.9.22

NO.7 DISTRICT.

D strict Staff.-County Surgeon R. P. Cartwright trans· ferred to the Brigade Reserve, "5. R 22

I ronbridge Corps. - Divisional Surgeon George Mackie, M.B ., C.M., to be Corps Surgeon and Supt., 10.8 .22 Ambulance Officer Noah Chetwood to be Corps Officer, 11.8.22

No.8 DISTRICT.

Assistant Commissioner A. Vernon Davies, M.B.E., M B., to be in c harge of the County of Surrey, vice Assistant Commissioner P. Lankester transferred to the District Staff, 17.8.22

Brighton Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer C. Wright removed from Roll of the Brigade for non-compliance with Brigade Re g ulations

Guildford Corps (Bagshot and Windlesham Division).-·

Harry Athill CruttwelJ, L.R.C.P., L.RC.S., etc. to be Divisional Surgeon, 8.8 .22

Canterbury N ursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Violet Chapman to be Lady Divisional Supt., 5.8.22

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Assistant Commissioner A. J. Boyd, V.D., M.D., resigned, 8.1).22

LOVl'estoft Division.-Transport Officer F. W. Beckett resigned, 24 8 22

September, 1922 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- 43

Ipswich Corps.-Divisional Supt. Joseph Pawsey to be Corps Supt., 25 8 22

Divisional Supt. William Charles Smith to be Corps Officer, 25.8.22

DiviSIOnal Supt. George WilIlam Curtis to be Corps Ofhcer, 28.8.22

Divisional Supt. Frederick Ernest Nethercoat to be Corps Offic er, 29.8.22

No. I DISTRICT.

Bricklayer'S Arms Division. -S ergt. George Thomas Stedma n to be Ambulance Officer, 24 8 22

NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :

NO .2 DISTRICT.

Maidenhead Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 8.9. 22

NO.3 . DI STRICT.

Griff Colliery Division .-S anctioned, 22.8.22

S t. Thomas ( Stourbridge) Nursing Division re-named Stourbridg e Nursing Division.

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Chead le Heath ( Railway) Division.-Sanctioned, 1.9. 22

B.A.T. ( Liverpool ) Division.-Sanctioned, 1.9.22

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Radford Division.-Sanctioned, 1.9. 22

Stockbri dge and District Division.-San ctioned, 4. 7.22

Cammell Laird Division, Nottingham Corps, re-named

Mea dows Divis ion, Nottingham Corps.

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Clandon Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 25.8.22

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Sherwell Nursing D ivi sion.-Sanctioned , 5.9. 22

DEATHS

Lady Supt. Miss M. Crawford, Houghton-Ie-Spring Nursi ng Division, 22.8.22

Divisional Surgeon J Smith, Chopwell Division, Derwent Va lley Corps, S.9.22

JAMES R. A. CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

During August IS V.A.D. Nursi,ng members have bee n post e d to Ministry of Pensions Hospitals.

We are informed tbat the candidate repreS e nting Great Britain in the forthcoming International Public Hea lth Course, arranged by the League of Red Cross So cieti es, is to be Miss Ida Murray Simmons.

The British Scholarship this ye ar is being given by the V.A.D. Scholarship Committee, and the successful can didate will be sent for one year to Bedford College Uni versity of London, where sh e will join the other Internati onal students, all graduate nursp,s, representing a large nu mber of countries.

The V A.D. Scholarship Committee have selected Mi ss Simmons from a very large number of trained nurses, wh ose names were sent forward for consideration, all of wh om served originally during the war as V.A.D. members. These members had lat e r been awarded V A. D

Scholarships in order to assist them during their period of training in hospital, and the matron of the Training School in each case submitted the names of the candidates from her hospital for the International Course.

Miss Ida Simmons was educated at Eastbourne. She joined E. Lancs. 264, and served at the 2nd London G e neral Hospital, Chelse.a, from October, 1916, later going to France, and returning in April, 19 9. She was. awarded two Red Stripes in connection with this serVIce.

Miss Simmons then entered general training as a nurse at the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, and has recently completed her training.

We wish to congratulate Miss Simmons most warmly on the distinction she has achieved, and wish her all success in the future.

First=Aid Propaganda. *

PROP OGANDA is another name for the wide distribution of facts and In our case th e objects of ambulance propaganda are:--

To secure (1) an increa£e in the numb er of persons possessing '\ound First-Ai d know le dge. and ( z) an increase in the amount of sympathetic appr e ciation given by the g e neral public to ambulance work.

As r e gards (I), I must insist upon the importance of the word "sound "-sound First -Ai d knOWledge. There are so many persons now holding First-Aid certificates who have allowed their knowledge tl) dtteriorate that they are more a menace than a help to the object we have at heart. I consider that every certificate should bear a prominent statement that it becomes obsolete unl e ss endorsed, say, every two years, after examination.

But that is rather a negat i ve recommendation. How are we to increase the number of satisfactory certificate hold rs. One would think that th e St. John Ambulance Association would be active in that matter; but do they ever show any initiative? Every local Hon. Secretary knows what he has to do to form a detached class; but who ever heard of the Association seeking to obtain Hon. Secretaries where none exists? Does the Association do ap-ything smooth the path of an Hon. Secretary financially or otherwise? No! All class arrangements, all ad v€rtising, must b e done. ?y th e local Hon. Secretary, subject, how ever, to condItIons Imposed by the Association which if not a hindranc e , are not always helpful. The rule against lectures to mixed classes, for instan ce , is obstructive and e arly-Victorian in savour. Provided the practice work is kept separate there can be no rational obj ec tion to mixed classes for lectures

The choice of a lecturer is important. This is left to local Hon: Secretary who is mostly compelled to the serVIc e s of a local doctor willing to act gratmtously. It says much for the doctors that they are so often a success in this role; but at times the result is pitiful, and without doubt a man fully experienced in the work, either doctor or layman, would always be more suitable than a casual lecturer. The Association cares nothing for a lecturer s qualifications oth e r than his medical status. If the Association were a real live body they would

* An address delivered at the IIospilal le rs CIllb M ay 12th, 1922, by John P. May, Esq., B.Se

not be content merely to issue forms and certificates when required; but on the contrary thev would feel some responsibility for the gro w th of ambulance work. They would seek to start an interest in districts where there was none; and, having produced a spark of interest, they would fan it and encouragE: it into a blaze of real enthusiasm. We should not then have, as we did recently, a Division publishing an excellent appeal for First-Aid men but without any mention of the Association, the Brigade, or even of the name of "St. John" in ambulance work, and should like to see an active propaganda organised by the higher lights of the Order who might thus justify the appearance of their names under the ;;egis of St. John.

There is some arrangement or used to be some arrangement und e r which a "Centre" could be formed in a large town. I find that there is practically no knowledge among members of the Brigade as to what a Centre is or how it is formed. From anoth e r source I dis<.Overed that, wh a tever a Centre is, it may only be formed in a town which is likely to hold 6-10 classes annually, and the first steps in its formation must b e tak e n by a local Hon. Secretary, or som e one e lse interested in ambulance work, by calling a publ i c me e ting. He has to take a lot of trouble, incur a c e rtain amount of e xpens e , make a lot of promis e s, and th e n even may not be allowed to proceed with his scheme, Th e re is official propaganda about this. The Association appar e ntly will do nothing till it has evidence that am bulance work is already flourishing in the town.

To come to my second object of propaganda-an increase in the sympathetic appreciation of the general public H e re there is a vast am o unt of ignorance and indiffe rence to fac e among all class e s. To many, an ambulance man is a V.A.D. though a moment's thought should sh ow one man cannot be a voluntary aid D eta chment. Who first used the word "volun t ary" to mean honorary or gratuitous I do not know; but since the War the use is a pparently fix e d in the English language. This by the way. Th e public has to learn that as ambulance men we are distinct from V A D.'s, that our work did not begin with, or end with the war, and that we are worthy of a considerable amount of moral and financial support even in times of so-called p eace I suggest as a means of teaching these facts a more organised publicity. Of course we cannot e xpect much help from our superiors, especially District H e adqu a rt e rs who, so far as I can see, to o often obstruct a nd d e lay ! Suppose, for instance, a Division has a probl e m to solve or a sch:!me to carryout. It may b e for raising money or for some other purpose.

If you write to District H e adquarters or the Association you may exp ect an evasive reply saying the matter is being refe rred to someone else or that further details, generally irrelevant, are re quir e d. You write again and this time you are lucky if you h e ar anything further under a month or si x we e ks. By then, of cours t' , your opportunity has probably disappeared So it is up to each Division to act f or i tse lf. It must k e ep itself we ll t o the fore in the local press exhibit its e lf at every possible public gathering and individual m e mb ers must make a special point of bringing the Brigade and its work to the notice of any public or influ e ntial persons they may run against. One idea is the establishm e nt in each district of an Ambulance Committee composed of friends and well-wishers with as much local influ e nce as possible but self-governing It can TUn flag d a ys, make public collections, and gen e rally h e lp the work without beiljg hindered by any official connection with the Brigade. The Local Division merely

A I n. September, accepts the help thankfully and furnishes evidence of what it does with the funds given.

No doubt th e most important factor in securing publicity and success is prompt and efficient work on th e part of every Brigade member, but that work must be backed up by advertisement. In all humility I submit that the Association should be the mainspring of any propaganda organisation but I think it would be greatly helped by working through the Brigade and utilising the services of Brigade members. It should publish interesting and helpful literature, posters, handbills, &c. These should be obtainable for local purposes at a low cost. It should systematically approach all large employers of labour, ncbools and other institutions with a view to the spreading of a knowledge of First Aid it should encourage recruiting for the Brigade and generally be at the back of every effort in the direction of progress.

Mr. Langley Jones can tell you something of how these things are done in America and Canada. I have not time to expl a in it here. Th e secret of their success is a l ive central body, constantly in touch with the circumference of its activities through live channels.

But o ve r hue we hav e to act largely on our own local initiative and no doubt som e of y o u lat e r will give helpful advice on local propa g anda Sir J a mes Clarke at the dinner the o t her night said he was glad for us to me e t together to discuss p o ints of p o licy If I have any complaint to mak e of th e Hospitallers Club, it is that we ta l k a good deal - ve ry useful talk to o -but so far we have taken no concerted action relative to th e advanc e ment of our work. It would be a fine thing if, in the absence of initiative from other quarters, th e Hospit alle rs C lub could itself become th e focus of ambulance prop a g <i nda activity -in the London district at any rat e, but I am afraid the financial fact o r would be to o much for us. If, however, we cannot act ourselves, is it not possible for us to stir up those who hav e the funds to a s e nse of the importance of making the pu b lic realise the need for personal knowledge of F irst-Aid, and the importance of supporting those, who, having the knowledge, ar e ready and willing to use it for the b e nefit of others.

.,--.

Ambulance Officer, W. Wright, hon. se cretary of tbe Barnet Branch of the St. John Ambulance Corps, has been presented wilh a silver teapot, suitably inscribed from th e members of the branch to mark the occasion of his marriage.

:3 E

CORRECT10N.-In our Editorial last month we stated that we could find no reference to ambulance work in Ireland in the S.J.A.A. report As this good work has be en performed by the Brigade it will naturally appear in the Annual Report of the S.J.A.B.

31 e

l' LSOVEP - The competition for the" Raynor Ambulance Cup" will take place in Lhe Bolsover Colliery Schoo ls on Saturday, October 28th, Ig22. Valuable prizes. Application for forms to Secretary, Henry Godfrey, 26, Hornscroft-road, Bolsover.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention "First Aid "

S e ptember, T022.

-FIRST

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER..

E DITORIALWanted - An Antidote for Apathy 37

Fir st A id in Carbon Monox ide Poisoning 38

R EVIE WSAnatomy and Physiolo g y for Junior Nurses 38

Common E rror s in First Aid 38

DI STRICT REPORTSNo. No.2; N O.4; No. 5 39

N o. II ; No 12 40

A mbul a nce Work on the Great Western Ra il way, 19 21 40

P RA CTICAL POINTSUnusua l Course of Asphy xi a 41

F irst A id wi th Effi ci ency 4

T HE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZ ETT EOfficial Brigade G a zette.. 42

V A.D. N otes and News 43

Fi rst Ai d P rop ag and a 43

Brevi t ies 4 5

N O.5 Di str ic t Brigade C amp 46

S om e S ugg est io ns for the Impro v ement of Fir st Ai d Com pet it ion s 48

Handik erc hef R es pirators -A Warnin g 49

Factor y Welfa re W ork a s a P rofess ion 50

A New Dr ig-ade Fi lm 5 r

Dang e r in the Ba th r oom 5

LE TTERS TO THE E DlTOR -

Doy Scou ts an d Firs t A id Tr ai n ing 52

Sugg es t ions fo r " D e wa r " Com petit ion S2

Elimi n a t ion of the Vi va V oce Tests 52

QUERIES AND AN SWERS TO CORR ES POND ENTS-

F un ctio n of Tonsi ls 53

S t ru ctu r e of S p in a l Cord 53

Et hics of Fi rs t Aid S3

Nat ur e of Pr od uc er Ga s S3

A Pr ob lem in Firs t Ai d S3

Anothe r P roble m in F irs t A id 53

As ph yxi a a n d H ce morrh ag e S4

Shoc k fr o m A bdominal Inj ury .54

P riory of Wa les 54

Brevities.

ST EADY pr og re ss with th e "P e a c e Pr og ramme" of th e J oi nt Council of the Order of St. John and the Bri tish R e d Cross Soci e ty is r e cord e d by th e Hon. Sir Arthur S ta nl e y (chairman of the Joint Council) in a foreword to t he C ouncil's S e cond R e port, issu e d on August 22nd, which c ove rs the year ending March 31st last.

Sir Arthur Stanley recalls that he mention e d a year ag o that Sir Napier Burnett had put b e fore the Ministry of He alth a comprehensive s c heme of health preser v ation, a n d that the Joint Council was anxious to bring home to t he minds of men, women, and childr e n throughout the U n i ted Kingdom the vital importance of the prevention of d isease.

AI D.- 45

During the year under review an interesting experim e nt has been carried out in several counties in conjunction with the Federation of Women's Institutes. Arrangements were made for the giving of health lectures to women in rural areas, and a syllabus was drawn up, which extended to seven le ctures dealing with such subjects as: g e neral physiology, th e digestive system, the skin, hygiene of the home and the village, personal health of the family-the child, the school boy and the father, and mother.

* * IE:

The Medical Supply Depots, which h a ve been created to supply sick-room r e quisites on loan to poor people who could n ot afford to buy them, supplying a long-felt need, and th e Em e rgency Help Fu n d has b e en able to help a large num ber of e x-Service men whos e cases urgently r e quired assistance. Th e Home Service Ambulance Schem e has worked we ll, and ther e ar e 309 ambulanc e s now in regular se rvice.

During the ye ar the Joint Counc il decided to r e org anise the var ious d e partm e nts at h e ad q u a r t ers, with a view to great economy in man ag em e n t. Th is re o rganisatio n has b e en carried out, and has alre a dy re sulted i n considerable reduction i n working e xpe ns es. T h e stores department has b ee n transfe rr e d from Wh itfie ld-st re e t to th e bas e m e nt of 1g, B erkeley-street, wh e re i t will ca r ryon its full functions as form e rly.

In response to a req uest from th e Pr i vy Council for information as to the practicab i lity of adopting a colour schem e for poisonous pr e parat io ns in ord er t o e liminate errors in dispensing , th e Cod e x Committe ;; of th e Pharmace ut ical Soci e ty hav e giv e n th e matt e r consid e ration. This committ e e reports that, in their opinion , wher e a substance can be colour e d without detriment to i ts properties this should be don e They p oint out that nothing should be don e to le ss e n th e se nse of r e s p onsibility and car e requi r ed in dea ling with po isons. Attention is also dir e cted to th e d e aths of childr e n throu g h mistakin g coloured poisonous t a bl e ts , such as corrosive subl mate, for sweets.

* * -w.

Th e July issu e of the World 's H ealtlz , a monthly m a ga zin e issu ed from Gen e va b y the League of Red Cross Societies, is d e vot e d m a inly to an e x posi t ion of th e history and organisation of the Juni o r R e d Cross and to a dvocacy of the international ex tensio n. .Its objects are to inculcate in the children of th e cou n t r y where the movement is adopted "the ideal and p ractice of service, e specially in relation to their o wn health and that of ot h ers, the unde rs tanding and acc e ptanc e of civil res p onsibili t y, and h e cultivati o n and mai n tenance of a spirit of fr iendly helpfu lness to children in all countri es. " The basic purposes of the Leagu e of Red Cross Societies itself are" the improvement of h ealth, th e prevention of diseas e) and the mi t igation of s uffe ring throughout th e world, and to secure co-opera tin for thos e purposes."

No. 5 District Brigade Camp.

GLORIOUS sunshine greeted some 500 officers, non-commissioned officers and men of the No. 5 (N ortb- Eastern) District of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, on their arrival at Waterloo-road Station, Blackpool, on the morning of Sunday, August 6th.

They were the main party detraining for a week's training at the annual Brigade District Camp, held at Squire's Gate, an ideal spot, sheltered by sand dunes from possible westerly winds, and within five minutes walk of the sea beach. To the north, Blackpool-with it inexhaustable round of gaity and pleasure-and to the south, the quieter, yet more beautiful attractiveness of St. Annes, awaited to cater for the amusement of officers and men when their day's work was over.

The special troop train, witb its burden of enthusiastic am bulance men, representing Corps and Divisions from as far south as Staffordshire, from Nottingham, Bolsover, Shirebrook, New Hucknall, Worksop, Sheffield, Denaby, Doncaster, Bullcroft, Brodsworth, Bently. Pontefract,

AID.- Septem ber, r 922

earned and much needed dinner, which, according to the orderly officer for the day, gave universal satisfaction to all ranks.

A good start, with glorious sunshine, splendid organisation, and high spirits and good temper predominated truly, a good augury for a record camp.

The good temper prevailed and the spirit of I'ank and file never flagged, but the sunshine was, alas, succeeded by bad weather, sufficient to damp the ardour of the most philosophic, for Monday morning dawned cold and dull, and torrential rain fell for the greater part of the day, rendering drill impossible.

Tuesday, however, gave greater promise, and good work on the parade ground was achieved. The inspection had been fixed for Thursday, and every officer from the commandant downwards, was anxious that" drill efficiency of a very high order," should be the keynote of the inspecting officer's report. To accomplish this, fine weather appeared absolutely necessary, and O.C. Companies began to feel rather apprehensive when tbe spell of sunshine on Tuesday, was followed by a ceaseless downpour of rain throughout the night, and the buglf> sounded "No Parade To-day." On Wednesday morning, a wretched morning, but the storm happily spent itself about noon,

September, 1922. -FIRST

ceeded to inspect that long line of voluntary workers, those representatives-of both high and low degree-of a great and never-to-be-forgotten organisation.

And what a thorouf,?;h inspection it was-not a medal or a ribbon escaped the keen and alert eyes of Colonel Moore. Here were men who bore on their breasts visible evi dence of good service at Home arid Overseas; service fo r the Brigade, services for the Kiog and country; many were the enquiries made by this keen but kindly inspecting officer as he passed along the front line from left to right, the n rear rank, and finally the bands.

How keenly he watched the bearing of rank and file as they carried out the military evolution which brought the Brigade from line into column of companies, and when in the latter formation he took the salute at the march past.

And then his addn:ss to the Brigade when all was ove r! There were many officers present of long Brigade serv ice; officers who had taken part in, and witnessed, ma ny inspections, but the writer ventures to assert that neve r before had they listened to an address so practical, so fervent and severe; an addrESS entirely devoid of

AID - 47

guests pres e nt were the Mayor of Blackpool and Lieut.Col. C. J. Trimble, C.B., C.M.G L.R.C.P.R. Prizes to the value of £20 were presented , to the successful competitors.

In the officers' mess all went happily under the guidance of the mess president, Assistant Commissioner H. C. Else, the second in command. Many improvements for the comfort of officers and mess staff had been carried out; grumbles and complaints were conspicuous by their absence.

Several interesting functions were carried out during week :-

On Wednesday evening, August 9th, the Commandant (Commissioner S. W. Malkin) had the pleasure of presenting the Brigade Long Service Medal to District Surgeon Capt. W. T. Wood.

On the same evtning he announced his intention to the following promotions to the Chief CommlSSlOner ;Corps Supt. Capt. O. F. Buxton (Sheffield Corps) to be attached to the District Staff, wi th the rank of District Officer.

A GR OUP OF OFFICERS OF THE NO.5 DISTRIC T CAM P Leeds and Scunthorpe, was met on arrival by Commissioner S . W. Malkin, Di st rict Surgeon Capt. W. T. Wood (Creswell), and the adjutant, Capt. H. C. Harrison. Corps and Divisional wbo bad been detail e d to act as O.c. Companies, spee.dily assembled the units of thtir respective commands, and marched out of the sta tion in perfect route marching order, and without the slightest confusion.

Outside the station, His Worship the Mayor, Ald e rman Dickinson, in a few well chosen words, all the more appreciable for their sincerity and brevity, welcome d the Brigade to Blackpool, after. which the entire Brigade marched to the camping grour.d at Squire'S Gate, to the accompaniment of march music, played by the bands from Denaby, Brodsworth, and Nottingham.

Upon arrival, evidence that the advance party had not been idle was at once apparent-tents for both officers and men, in perfect alignment, canteen, cookhouses, officers and sergeants' mess marquees, hospital tent, ablution benches, latrines, and incinerator, were all erected and in order for occupation or use.

Wlthin one hour of arrival in camp, camp equipment had been issued, and eve ry man was enjoying a well

and the remaind e r of the day was bright and clear . Thursday, th e day of the inspection (nearly always a day of hopes and fears) dawned bright and clear ;-Reveille at 6 o'clock roused e very officer and man to activity; at 6.30 the brigade paraded in full strength, companies were put through a final rehearsal for the march past, saluting base arranged, and 500 hungry men returned to breakfast, feeling that mast ership of an impending task, which is generated by conscious self efficiency.

At 10.30, the Deputy Chief Commissioner, Col. G. A. Moore, C.M.G ., D.S.O., M.D., arrived. H e was received by the Camp Commandant (Commissioner S. W. Malkin), District Surgeon, Capt. W. T. Wood, C.M.D., and the Camp Secretary, Divisional Supt. A. E. Taylor.

The officer's mess and lines were inspected, after which the Inspecting Officer, the Camp Commandant, and members of his staff, proceeded to the adjacent south shor e, where, on a stretch of beautifully firm sand. the Brigade, und er the able command of Assistant Commissioner H. C. Else, was drawn up "in lin e" for inspec tion.

He was received on arrival with musical honours, and after shaking hands with the second in command, pro-

" whitewash" and" soft soap" or unoecessary compliment, but each and everyone felt that had accoutred themselves well, an d the three hearty cheers which followed the concluston of his address showed unmistakably that his words had fallen on fertile ground, were appreciated, and would not be lightly forgotten.

Afterwards, the men's lines, quartermaster's stores and cookhouse were inspected-searching, thorough, and many were the inquiries of the insp ecting officer with r egard to the latter-proper feeding is vital to the health of th e camp. Col. Moore found a healthy camp, and th e hospital tent devoid of a single p a tient.

And so the inspection ended, and once again had No. 5 District acted in accordance with its unassailable reputation.

" After work - play "-is a good motto and due to the gene rosity of all officers in camp, and the' zeal 'of Corps O.fficer W. Still, Div. Supt. Farrell, and Ambulance Officer PIckett (all of the D e naby Main Corps) a capital sports programme was carried out on Friday afternoon A large crowd of spectators witnessed some events, the

Corps Surgeon Dr. H. W. Horan, M.B., B.S. (New Hucknall), to be County Surgeon.

Divisional Supt. A. E. Taylor, M.B.E. (Sheffield Corps), to be Corps Supt., vice Capt. O. F. Buxton. The Commandant spoke in terms of the high est commendation of the services render e d to the camp and the Brigade by the above officers.

On Thursday evening, August roth, the President of the Mess presented to Capt. O. F. Buxton a handsome solid silver salver, suitably inscribed, which had been subscri bed for by every offic e r in camp, as an appreciation of Capt. Buxton's work as Quartermaster in that and preceding camps. _

The happiness of the cam p was somewhat marred ea rli er in th e week by the illness of the Sergt.-cook (Sergt. Johnson, Cressweli Division), who unfortunately had to be addmitted to the Blackpool Hospital and und e rgo an operation. Th e operation was successfully performed, and Serf,?;t. Johnson was progressi ng satisfactorily up to the tim e of strikin g camp.

A collection was made on his behalf in the officers'

NON-COMMI SSION OFFICER S OF THE NO.5 DI ST RIC T CA:\IP.

mes s) and sufficient was re a lis e d to pay for th e co st of his maintenance for the si x we eks he will be confined at Blackpool.

S a turd a y, August 12th, was a soaking wet day, and mucb initial work in connection w ith striking camp had to be po st poned.

Sunday m orni n g broke clear and b right, a nd 6 a.m. e very o ne was bus y with his allot e d task.

All ra nks worked well and wi llingly, and at 12.50 the main party marched off to Wat erloo-road Station to entrain for t h eir homes, all ranks agreeing that in spite of the weather the c a mp had b e en all t o o s hort.

Some Suggestions for the Improve= ment of First Aid Competitions.

(Cont/mted from page 25 )

N o w th a t t he r e is a temporary lull in First A id Com p et i t io n s, it s eems o pportune for some c areful co n side rati on to be g iven to the ir improvement. ·-EDI T OR

T HE vexe d q u e stion of tim e limits in ambulanc e competitions c a nno t b e burked. Opinions a r e many and various upon this subject; in fact, ther e are differences of opinion with rega r d to the desirability of th e imposition of t im e limits at all.

Th e sounding of a gong or bell when ha l f or threeq uart e rs of th e time allow e d for a t e st has t lapsed in a consi dered att e mpt to solve a diffic u lty, but on e has se e n te ams go to pi e ces by en de avcuring, on hearing th e warn ing, to crowd a lot of hurri e d tre atm e nt into th e last few minut e s wh en, wi thout such warnin g, th e y would have given a b et t e r account of themselves. Gongs, b e lls or whistl e s sound effect ive a nd official in the competition r oom, but ar e not al wa ys e ith e r o ne or th e other They ar e c e rta i nly not consistent with r e alism. If a t e am is wa rn ed b efore e nt e rin g a comp etition roo m that time will count, it may prob a bly b e all that is n e c e ssary to see that it "gets a m o ve on, " Th e arrang e m e nt under which a t e am is p enal ised b y (sa y) on e mark in r e spect of each m inute by which it e xcee ds the av er a g e time tak e n by all te ams, a pp e ars, how e ve r, to have a g ood d e al to commend it inasmuch as the competitors all help to fix the limit by t h ei r own tr eatments.

The trouble in the past wi t h regard to tim e limits h as bee n la r gely to their im p osition without any warning t o th e comp eti tors, many of whom we r e old com pe tition hands and had ne ve r e ncounter ed this condition b efore; i n fa ct th e y had b ee n rather encourag ed to p ut in as m u ch work as p ossibl e, tuck in n e atly th e ends of all bandag e s a nd so fo rth. If ther e is anything in first a i d treatment its value c e rtainl y li e s i n its prom p t application, but we have witn e <;s e d c ompetitions which hav e put a premium on b undling a suffering patient pell-mell on to a stretcher and racin g off with him t o h o spital.

It wa s inte n d e d to include in this a r ticle some reasons against the continuati o n of s e parate oral tests as now conducted in first aid competitions, but the m a tter was dealt with in the July issut of F irst Aid z,nd such a good case made out for the elimination of the oral test that little is left to be said up o n the matter, beyond endorsin!5 the views of the writer.

Whilst in favour of the elimination of oral tests as they now form part of the usual competition programme, however, it is suggested that it might be well in connection with the practical work, to question memb e rs of a team or as individual workers upon the why and wherefore of the pra c tical treatment they have afforded. It certainly appears desirable that the "firstaider" should know and be able to give (in his own language and not nec e ss a rily that of the official te x t -book) the reasons for his actions, and if elimination of all oral tests seems somewhat revolutionary this suggestion may afford a compromise. Th e need of the moment is the elimination of separate viva-voce tests as now conducted.

Some judg e s like a joke or two at the competitor's e xpense, and whil st a little humour comes as a welcome relief in a First Aid competition , and it is not difficult for the adjudicator in his privileg e d position to raise a laugh, it may be very unfair in some cases and have th e effe ct of putting competitors off their work. Some men can take a joke better than others, who may be put quite out of tune by such inc id e nts. The c om petitors must have as fair a field as possible, and for that reason it would be well if judges would e nde.lvour to r e strain their e fforts to amuse the at the e xp e ns e of the comp e titors, at any rat e , until aft er th e t ests are completed. Th e s e r e marks have no general applic a tion, but it is thou g ht we ll to mention the matter for th e r e have b ee n occa sions whe n a littl e of the r estraint sug gest e d would have b ee n advantageous, as comp e titors have known to th e ir cost.

There are s ome comp e tition tests which are primarily designed to catch or trap th e comp e titors. Such traps ar e often ver y ing e nious, but th e y do not tend towards r e a lism and the m e n who can detect such and avoid them ar e not n e c e ssarily t h e best exponents of First A id m e thods in actua l cases.

Some of the a rgum e nts used by th e writer of the article r e ferred t o a b ov e (r e viva·voce tests) may be applied to th e p ractical work, e.g., th e re is a ded.l too much talk of doing but not e nough actual doing. Fortunate ly s o me of our judges ar e k e enly aliv e to this and many a comp e titor who has told t h e adjudicator he would" immediat e ly se nd a me ssenger to" so and so, or "at once ap p ly such and such a dr essing," and so forth has been called upon to a ct and not talk. He has been reminded, quit e rightly, that no amount of talking of doing would benefit his "patient." Th ere app ears to b e no reason why in comp e titions the man who says he would a p ply a dr e ssing to a wound, &c., should not actually do t he job. One doe s not, of course, suggest that an objectionable draught should be administered or a dressing which might cause suffering should be applied-for r e alism, of course, has its limitation in comp etitions-b u t something quite harmless to represent the draught or dressing could e asily be prepared beforehand for the purp o se and actually administered or applied to the co mpetition patient. Oth erwise how is the judge to ascertain the comp e titor's ability to do what he he would do. Th e re are degrees of efficiency in all these things.

One has se en a pocket·book or a piece of pap e r placed on a patient's abdomen to represent a hot water bottle and marks obtained for it. This kind of thing is all rather futile and a long way from realism, and it w.ould surely be better to provide such appliances or the means of improvising them. Marks should on ly be allowed lor work actually don e. If the appliances are not available and not improvisable, then surely the competitors should not be marked for what they say they would do. In these

September, 19 22 -FIRST

respects our comp e titions have be e n a long way from realistic, and as a general rule we should like tu see it laid down that no marks would in the future b e a warded for work which cannot be actually demonstrated. In the past many marks have b e en awarded for telling th e judge what would be done in oth er c ircumstanc e s. This is not sound, and it would be much fairer all round and mak e the competitions more re al istic if only work p e rformed was awarded marks.

The question of appliances used in cumpetitions is one which has caused some feeling from tim e to timA, and it is g en e rally a rule that no prepared appliances should be brought into the competiti o n room. It is also a feature of latter day comp etitions that the competitors are frequently provided with few applianc e s for th e ir work, but have to improvise a good deal of what they requir e An excell e nt contest was rec e ntly arrang e d in which nothing was allowed beyond what the teams thems e lves stood up in. That comp e tition was a real testimony to the resourcefulness of the first-aid e r, and it may be added that the supposed injuries were in the majority of cases quit e inadetIuately tr eat e d It is submitt e a that even ambulance men do carry small appliances a bout with them daily, and if allowed to use th e m in the competition room th e y would stand in no b e tter po sition than dealing with a case of accident in th e street. It is a qu estion, th e refore, whether the rule is a n advantag eous one and whether it mak e s for realism. On e e ffect of it has been, however, that whilst m e n may not carry applianc e s, as such, the obj e ct of th e regulation has b ee n defeated by m e n wearing b elts which consist of a tri a ngular bandag e or of som e thing so clos e ly resembling one (or two) that th e difference is insign ificant. Has it not often be e n r e marked that first a id competitors ar e all well eq uipped with a vast numb e r of cl ean and whi.lst pr e pared articl e s as such may n o t be found upon theIr. many oth e r articles capable of quickly becommg prepar ed appliances " are fr eq u ently among the contents of their pock e ts?

The point we wish to mak e is, that with highly skilled ambulance workers some latitud e should be allowed in this respect, and we see no reason why m e n who carry small pocket first outfits with them should not be permitted to us e them If the" case" warrants it. The matter is one in which the adjudicator can decide in his ow:] mind and give marks or withhold them from his "extras." 'The as it stands is no safeguard, and without any defimttOn of " prepared appliances" app ears to have little or no value.

(To be concluded).

The of the Stop Watch Competition organised by th e MaI?enhead Division was Mr. J. Leggett, Woburn StattOn, Bucks. The winning coupon was 7 hrs. 27 mms. 32 secs. The watch has been forwarded to Mr. Leggett.

First Aid Classes for Men and Women will be held St. John's Gate early in October, if a suffiClent number of candirlates are forthcuming, and it is hoped that persons desiring to obtain the certificate of the S t. J ohn ,Association will take advantage of thIS opportunIty of domg so. The Chie f Secretary of the St. John AmbUlance ASSOCIation St. John's Gate KC.I, will be pleased to furnish full lars on recipt of a stamped addressed envelope.

AID.-

Handkerchief=Respirators: A Warning.

FOR the past twenty years the writer has been engaged ill the training of men for mine rescue work, and during the latter ten years of that period, when dealing with the subject of min e gases, has invariably concluded his remarks with a few words of warning against the fallacy which exists of making us e of a wet handk e rchief over the mouth and nostrils as a means of e nabling a man to go into a place where otherwis e h e could not go and live. A large number of Mine Rescue Brigade members are skilled ambulance men, and in conversation with them the writer has often been told that the us e of a handkerchief in this way has not only be e n taught them, but, further, that in repl ying to test questions at am bulance com marks would be lost if they omitted to make mention of the value (?) of this emergency H:spirator.

The degree of faith which exists in the efficiency of a wet rag as a safeguard against noxious gases is astounding, would be ludicrous but for the tragic consequ e nces whIch sooner or later follow the teaching of such a doctrine. Men who advocate the use, or mz·sus e, uf an otherwise us e ful article, should also b e careful to sp e cify the part Icular gases a wet handk e rchief can guard against, and ex a ctly ho w and WilY it do e s it. A littl e t hough t, plus a grain of common "horse s e nse," would convmce such men of the flimsy character of th e guard thty advocate. It is a particular dangerous practice to advocate, e specially in any mining c?mmunity, and, if th e truth wer e known, has bee n r esponszble for th e l oss of m or e lzv es tha n is gene rally r ea liud. Coal mining is a suffici e ntly dang erous occupation already without our contributing anything in this direction. Dame Nature has seen thoroughly well to that part of the business.

The writer has upon a number of occasions had the m e lancholy experienc e of searching mine workings dangerously de·oxygenated) for men have been "missed" and finding them dead-with handk e rchi e fs tied over their faces! Upon two of these occasions there was only trivial need of the men going into the places where they were found, and in the others-no good purpos e could be served by going there at all! The writer is quite convinced that the in each of these cases would never have tho ught of entenng these places had they not been taught this sense· less practice.

That advocates of handkerchief-respirators do their work thoroughly well is evidenc e d by the fact that the majority of the men in the cases referred to were well known to the writer and had at some time or been warned by him of the folly of entering places of doubtful atmospheric conditions, and of the utter uselessness of handkerchiefs as a means of protection against irrespirable gases. Besides being trained r e scue m e n, the men were also qualified ambulance work e rs. As trained rescue men they knew something of the properties of noxious gases and the of sax:ne. upon the human system, and if such wlllyust theIr lIves to so frail a guard, how much more wtll ordmary workmen who have not studied these things? It would seem that the lessons taught at our rescue stations were being neutralised from instruction received from-other t e achers.

NotwithEtanding the writer's ciUsade against this dangerous practice, it is astonishing how the idea that it is a safe one still persists. Several men whom he has met in relating their ex periences underground have told of they were able to travel some hundreds of yards of road -

way "with nothing but a pocket handkerchief over my face"! There has been such an air of conviction when relating the experience that it seemed almost rude to disiHusion them, and when told they could have travelled the distance a good deal easier w£thout the handkerchief, and that they were alive to-day, not because they had made this use of it, but, in spite of it-they have looked so very crestfallen and incredulous that the writer has had rather more than a suspicion that these men have treasured up somewhere at horne the very handkerchiefs that saved their lives upon these memorable occasions!

For the benefit of those that believe that a handkerchief possesses some remarkable virtue that will preserve them from the otherwise harmful effects of noxious gases (and there are a good number abroad) the following facts may help to disp el the illusion.

Noxious atmospheres underground generally fall into two classes, viz.: I. Air that is d e oxygenated. 2. Air that contains a toxic (poisonous) gas.

The former (by far the most cornman) is cause d by the invasion of other gases (C02, CH4, N, &c.), to the exclusion of the vitally important gas oxygen. In such places a man would be overcome (and speedily die) because of lack of oxygen, and, if he plac e d a handkerchief over his face and entered the place he would be overcome every whit as soon because the handkerchief is of course absolutely incapable of supplying oxygen-the all-important element.

In th e latter case (poisonous atmospheres) carbonmonoxide is the usual enemy-a poisonous gas with an extraordinary affinity for the hremoglobin of the blood (250 times as strong as that of oxygen), 0'5 per cent. of which in the air being fatal if breathed long enough. What is want ed here (apart from oxygen content) is something to absorb or render harmless this deadly gas, and, if a handkerchief is capable of doing it-what a remarkable thing that the world's fin est chemists who have devoted so much of their time during the past few decades in trying to solve the problem should have overlooked such an extremely simpl e solution?

It may be argued that this is all very well as applied to coal-mining but, apart from this industry, surely the occasion may arise when such use of a handkerchief may be practised safely a?d with .g?od resu.lts? The reply to which is-what appltes to mlDIDg appltes also to any other situation where really harmful gases pertain. Noxious gases exist on the surface in pretty much the same way as they exist underground (de-oxygenated and poisonous). Only last a case in the daily paper.s of a man losing hIS hfe through truStlOg to a handkerchIef to safeguard him wh e n venturing into a place the .air. of which was irrespirable. The papers fr e qu e ntly contalD Instances of this kind.

The only possible service a handk e rchi e f may p erform (apart from the purpose for which it was intended) would be to filter air containing dust or "smoke," and thus lessen in some degree the irritation that is caus ed to the bronchial tub es and other air·passages when breathing such air. One would be well adVIsed, however, to use caution in case of "smoke," which is rarely unaccompanied by noxious gases which might easily overcome. " Smoke" (like the afterdamp when newly-made) is really minute particles of matter, ann that is why it is visible. After a time (in confined places) these tiny particles which go to make smoke visible, settle and form a thin dust on the fioor, leaving clear air above, but this "clear" air would still contain all the poisonous gases that may have been in the original mixture (smoke). The handkerchief might "filter"

AID. - September, 1922.

the air and arrest some of the dust particles, but certainly not the gases.

In the case of house or illuminating gas (which is so deadly because of the large amount of carbon-monoxide it contains), the handkerchief as a means of protection is of small value, and if a man thus equipped is able to enter, safely, a r('om which contains this gas, he could in all probability do as much without it.

The haphazard uc;e of handktrchiefs as respirators (real respirators, too, are of course useless in de-oxygenated mixtures of air, and lives have been lost by their use under circumstunces) can only result in further needless loss of life, and it is high time that their utter uselessness as life-saving agents in really dangerous places became fully and widely known.

---._.----

Factory Welfare ",- ork as a Profession.

ALTHou GH it was not until the war when so many thousands of women took the place of men in the factoIies that we heard much about welfare work there, history shows that 30 years ago the system had already been adopted in a few of the best regulated establishments. Very gradually the number of welfare workers increased, until in September, 1915, a special departrr.. e nt of the Ministry of Munitions was set up and the chief difficulty was to find an adequate supply of trained workers. Th <::: Universities and settlements carne to the help of the Government and short courses of intensive training were arranged as a temporary expedient, in addition to the one or two-year courses already in existence.

In 1919 the Welfare Workers' Institute was constituted as a professional association. Its bye-laws provided that after September, 1920, the diploma or certificate of one of the approved training courses would be normally required as a qualification for membership. The Institute has now some 500 members (for whom It has an employment bureau) and this summer joined with French workers in holding a conference in Normandy, when delegates carne fr om the nearer European countries as well as from America.

Approved tt9.ining courses for two years are now given at nine universities-Birmingham, Bristol, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, and Andrew's, as well as at the London School of Economics (London University) and the College of Technology (Manchester). The curri· culum includes industrial and social history, economics, social and political philosophy, outlines of central and local government, elementary statistics, industrial law, business organisation and industrial structure and problems, and the course is followed by a period of a year or more as assistant under a fully-qualified welfare worker in a factory. The cost of training, apart from maintenance is not heavy, and £20 including books may be given as the maximum.

A trained welfare worker starts with a minimum salary, as assistant, of about £200 (non-resid ent), and experienced workers rise to £500 or more; this, though a good salary as women's salaries go, is about half that earned by a man in a similar position-for factory welfare work is not confined to women.

The work needs a special type of woman; she should be actuated by a genuine desire to do good work rather than " good works," as an experienced welfare worker puts it, for while she is the officer between the managers and the workers she is a definite part of the management

September, 19 22 • -FIRST

and responsible to it for the well-b t ing of the workers in their capacity as partners in production rather than as mere cogs in the industrial machine "The function of the welfare worker" to quote from the Institut e' s definition, is to advise on all matters connected with the employment of labour, the working conditions, health and general wellbeing of the workers, and to act as the executive officer in carrying into effect decisions made thereon.

With regard to accidents, minor everyday ones are dealt with by those of the workers who are trained in firstaid, but if the process of manufacture is specially dangerous .lD ambulance is probably proVIded. This is where the work Gf the factory nurse comes in. She is on duty daily in the am bulance station, and either treats the cas es herself, or if they are serious, sends them to hospital.

No doubt many members of Nursing Divisions would make excellent welfare workers if they had time and money to spare for the additional training in preparation for this quite distinct calling.

Any woman thinking of taking up factory welfare work as a career would do well to s ee k information and advice from the Secretary of the WeJ(are Workers' Institute, 65, Belgrave-road, London, S W. I, which has branches at Birmingham, Bristol, Carlislf, Hull, Liv erpool, Manchester, Nottingham, Sheffield, and in Yorkshire and Scotland.

A New Brigade Film.

TH,E succ"'ss of the kinema film entitled" The Only Way," whIch was produced at Plymouth last summer, has prompted the author, Mr. Charles Hanmer, the well-known demonstrator of the St. John Am bulance Movement, to sel.ect the. Western Seaport for a further pictorial representatIOn of Its up -to-da te first-aid and invalid removal service.

The 1921 film, doubtless now familiar to British ambulance workers, illustrated St. John men and sisters labouring at sports, in the homes ot the poor, at a large outbreak of fire, and among the vessels berthed in th e Plymouth Harbour.

The new drama, intended as a companion picture for the "<?nly Way 1/ deals mainly with am bulance transport, as earned out in the historic Plymouth Sound, by a fleet ?f m?tor .ambulances, in a railway train, and in conJunctIon WIth a larg e hospital.

Beginning with a view of the liner "Rotterdam" steaming towards Plymouth from New York, a Mutt and J,eff is seen proceeding on board. The scene contlOues 10 the ship's hospital, where a victim of a serious and al.most fatal accident is being examined by the surgeon and hIS Th e one hope of recov e ry is found to lie in an operatl?n by a famous specialist in a London hospital. The sendlOg and receiving of the wireless message are se.en, and the wheels of an efficient humanitarian organisatiOn are set going.

The Rotterdam is steaming at full speed for Plymouth, a nd as she passes the famous Eddystone Reef, a large motor am bulance and its staff in the distant port are seen to dash out of the Central Ambulance Station. develop rapidly, and in succession is witnessed the arnval the docks, boarding the .:nail tender, and later the thnllmg task of lowering the patient, accompanied by an .man, ?ver the side of the towering vessel in speCIal hftmg sl e Igh apparatus essential to safely carry tng out such work.

On re aching the shore, the patient is handed over to

AI D.- 51

the Great Western Railway ambulance men, the railway station reached just in time to catch the Londonbound Cornish Riviera Express, which is shown on its way by a view of it crossing the River Tamar over BruneI's Royal Albert Bridge at Saltash. Other scenes are the interior of the railway van with the ambulance men attending the patient, the arrival at Paddington, and later at the hospital, where the X-ray room and the work of the radiographers are depicted.

The patient survives the critical operation, and to help the Ambulance Movement, was carried out by an eminent surgeon in a real opuating theatre Then a pleasant picture of a corner of the hospital ward reveals the convalescent being congratulated by an officer from his ship on his recovery. The final scene is on the lawn of the now recovered patient, where his children compose, and then run to post a joint letter of gratitude to "Dear St. John Men, Plymouth."

Danger in the Bathroom.

By MARK Y. SELF, B.A.

ACCID.'l:NTS in the bathroom, similar to that which caused the death of tht late Sir Arthur Pearson, are not as uncommon as some people imagine; and most doctors can in their own experience recall some such cases which, though not necessarily fatal, were accompanied by serious injury to head, spine or lim b. There is probably an explanation common to all these cases. Thus, the bath is filled with very hot water, and the bather jumps into it without making allowance for the fact that the bottom of the bath is concave and very slippery. His feet then slip· ping under pressure of the full weight of his body, he falls suddenly, strikes his head forcibly on the taps or on the e dge of the bath, and cons(quently loses consciousness for a longer or shorter period. He then slidts down into the water, and, being completely immersed, rapidly succumbs to death by drowning.

Many bathrooms are fitted with electric bells in view of this possible emtrgency; but, of course, the bather being unconscious cannot avail himself of this safety contrivance. It has, therefore, been suggested, that it would be wise to fix up a rope pulley (similar to that which is found in most hospital wards to enable a patient to raise himself when confined to bed) attached to the ceiling immediately above the centre of every bath, and to advise all bathers to use the rope as a means of swinging themselves into their baths, whereby too much of the body-weight would not be transmitted to the feet. It is further claimed that the use of this device becomes second nature, and that such accidents, with their serious potential effects would be a.bsolutely prevented.

Apart from this, there are contributory risks. First some bathers-especially women-through long and with apparent immunity, are able to tolerate an unnatural heat in their ablutions. When, however, the body is immersed in "very hot J/ water (several degrees above normal temperature) an enormous quantity of blood is drawn to the surface of the body away from the brain with the possible ) esult that one day the bather may be s eized with sudden (aintness. Secondly, the bath is often filled much beyond the needs of the occasion; and,

-FIRST AID.- September, 192t. consequently, when the bather faints, he incurs a dangt'Ious risk of being drowned in his bath.

Ambulance workers, therefore, will confer a benefit on the community if they can persuade their friends and neighbours of the utter foolishness of the" very hot /I bath which-frequently repeated-depresses the circulation and carries with it the risk of chronic ill-health or, as in the case of the late Sir A. Pearson, is pregnant with immediate dangers to life and limb.

fetters to the t;ditor.

We at'e in no way t'esfr."Stbie lot' tile opinions expt'erseti, or the statements mJde. 01 Cone spondcnts.-EDITOR.

BOY SCOUTS & FIRST-AID TRAINING.

SIR,-May I add a word of commendation to the ideals of the" N.C.O. of the Cit y Ambulance Corps" who signs himself " Efficiency Fir s " in the July issue of First Aid.

He c ertainly is on the r ight lin e when he says that all in s tructors of First Aid should hold an Instru c tor's Certificate; and it is c erta inly to he regretted that insufficiently instructed but wi lling enthus iasts-even though they be boy scoutsshould" t a mper " with ca ses of insensibility

I am not in fa vour of "any " method justifying an end, or wronR methods ; but I wo uld like to point out to " Efficiency F irst ;) wh0 apparentl y " does " know, that the willingness and enthus asm of the boy is a l ive factor, a nd c annot be quashed by any arbitrary rules o f any society or association. Would it not be, therefore, better to guide this youthful enthusiasm into useful c hannels. Boy s couts have proved themselves remarkably efficient in spheres in which they have hitherto been thought too youn g to understand, and if "Efficiency First" had been a little more observ ant he would have known that the "mere boys " have also proved themselves worthy in the sphere of F irst Aid, and in helping stricken humanity.

The boys-the better boys such as scouts - are learners and thinkers, and teachers would find them apt and eager su bj ects of instruct ion Nobod y , I'm sure, would be more welcome than St John's men who "know " as teachers of the boys.

The "modern " young man generally is too busy with other ple a sures to attend "First-Aid" classes, hence the lack of recru its in t he B rigade. W hy not get this willing and teachable material ready for future years?

Open your eyes and mind" Efficiency First" and instead of jea ou sly fostering a spirit of monopoly of first aid knowledge, put us on the right line.- Yours truly, A Bo y SCO UT WH O WISHE S TO BE E FFIC IE NT.

SUGGESTION S FOR" DEWAR" COMPETITION.

SIR,- I have read with interest your Queries column now for many years and have often marvell e d at the skill and patience with which Dr. C or bet Fletcher deals with queri.es which are many and vanous, and probably make hIm smile sometimes. I would add that his answer s have always been of great a ss istance, espe c ially in competitions conducted by medical men who kno w " what First-Aid is." Unfortunately there are m a ny who do not and who come to judge a competition without any kind of deta iled marking sheet.

D r Corbet Fl e t c her always advises us to read our test cards twi ce or even thr ic e before we commence action. Thus far this advice has alw a ys pa id us well: but I have doubts about it in the recent" D e war " competition in which my team came off badly, worse luck! May I, taerefore, ask you

whether in this competition the time I took to read the first card was included in the twenty minutes allowed for the test or not? If it was, then I suggest that in future we should be warned to that effect when the cards are handed out.

I would also respectfully make one other suggestion to those responsible for the "Dewar" Competition on behalf of those teams which, to compete, have to come long distances at considerable expense. Would it not be possible to cast lots for places beforehand, and to fix approximately hour at which teams would be reqUired to compete? If thIS were llone then some teams could often save both the loss of a day's and also the expense of day's in while they would be saved the misery of belllg kept ( as IS the case with the last teams) long in confinement.

Apart from this, I consider tbat the recent "Dewar" Competition was fine.

Yours obediently, Bedlinog, Glam. DAVID MORGAN.

[We do not know if the time limit of twenty minutes did (or did not ) include the time taken to read the first card of instruction. If it did, the do c tor 's adVIce to read your cards carefully still holds good; and, after all, the conditions of the time ltmit applied to each and all c ompeting teams. We confess, however , that we favour the custom of those judges who set the ir clocks goin g when the team make::. its first move towards pa tient.

fhe drawback t l) your other suggest ion is that, with s uch a n arrangement as you propose, the chara c ter of 1 he tests might, in a publ ic exhibit on, leak out where by an competItion might result. Of c ourse, the plan 15 adopted III th e Inter-Railway Preliminary Competit ion, which, owing to the large number of entries, is perfor c e held on several days and is conducted in private to minimise any risk of disclosure of tests.-EDI TO R]'

THE ELIMINATION OF VIVA-VOCE TESTS. DEAR SIR,-

I was much interested in the letter which appeared in your August issue from a correspondent who opposes the suggestion contained in the July number of FIR ST AID for the eliminat ion of viva-voce tests in first aid competitions.

He anticipates a considerable correspondence upon the subject, but I fear his anticipations will hardly be realised, for the reason that owing to the very nature of the questions so frequently framed in latter day contests-as adversely commented upon in the article advocating elimination-many competitors will be only too glad to see the oral questions as part of a question go by the board.

I t is possible that oral tests could be considerably improved so as to have some educational value, but I think I am voicing the opinion of many competitors when I say that as first aid is essentially a practical science, there will be little mourning at their passing into the limbo of the lost. It has long been held that viva-voce tests put a premium on first aid students memorising and repeating pages of the textbook parrotwise, and for this reason their elimination should be a gain rather than a

Your correspondent is to be congratulated if he has found these test of educational value. All competitors have not had this happy experience.

His suggestion that the writer of the article advocating the elimination of oral tests was unfair in ignoring the fact that competitions consist of team work, individual work and individual quest ions is somewhat difficult to understand. Surely every first aid competitor learnt that from his first competition! I find no suggestion anywhere in the article that competitions were wholly oral.

His conclusion that if the views suggested by the writer of the article are true, then first aid competitions fail in their object, is interesting, and confirms the opinion so often expressed in your pages that, to a considerable extent, they do so fa i l, they fall short of what they might be.

For this reason one welcomes the series of interesting papers which commenced in your August issue, containing

September, 1922 -FIRST

s uggesti ons for making these contests realistic. One hesitates to comment upon the artIcles untIl complete, but the a rgumen ts in part one are well and instructive, and if revolutionary to some extent, that IS no reason why they s hould not merit careful consideration from the powers that b e. In this connection some sacrifice of theory for practice would surely be on right lines, for is not first aid defined in o ur hand books as a special branch of jJract£cal medicine and s urgery ?-Yours truly,

G. KNOTT.

and .Answers to eort'espondents.

2. ueries flJilI be dealt flJith under the jolloflJing rules :-

I. -Letters contain in;; Queries must be marked on the top lejt hana corner of the envelope "Quer),," and addressed-FiRST Am, 46, Cannon·street, Londcn, E. C. 4.

2. -A It Queries must be accompanied b)' a " Quer), Coupon" cut trot! the current issue of the Journal, or in case of Queries jrom abrOQ( from a recent issue.

-The Textbook, to which reterence may be made in these columnJ is the 36th (I920) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

F UN CTIO NS OF TONSIL S

L. D. (Woolacombe ).-Please tell us what purpose IS served by the Tonsils.

The Tons ils are supposed to be concerned in the formatio n of lymph corpuscles which escape into saliva and possibly di sc harge some function connected with digestion or the protec tion of the body from germs taken in with food, drink, &c.- N. CORBET F LE TCHER.

AID.- 53

justly merit "public ridicule and sarcastic criticism, " if he stood by such a patient and did nothing !

The patient's life is in urgent danger from sho c k and also from h re morrhage - whether this be prim a ry arterial ( though experience proves that this is rarely present in this class of rail way accident ) or reactionary. Therefore, an ambulance man must act, and, failing the arrival of a doctor, take steps to have patient removed to hospital without delay; a1:d the presence of "hundreds of people 'J will be a spur to his endeavours and a protection to the patient.

The proper course to adopt under su c h is to obtain the services of a trained nurse or nursmg sIster, and to combine together for the patient s good. If such be not available, then-for his own protection - an ambulance man should appeal to the crowd, ask the help of some k ind-hearted and sympathetic woman, and do his duty-leaving any particular delicate operation to his woman-assistant, pro vid ed that he satisfies himself that it is effic iently performed. This done, the" facetious remarks " from the crowd are most unlikely or, if they do arise, can be ignored with the most profound contempt! !-N. C. F.

N AT1: RE OF PR ODUCER GAS.

D. D. ( Devon ) asks what is the nature of " producer gas " and if it is the same as carbon monoxide and water-gas.

Producer-gas contains 30 per c ent. of carbon monoxide, and on account nf its cheapness, is largely used for many purpose,>, such as for driv ing gas en g ines, heating furnaces, &c. It is so called because it results from incomplete combustion of c:ubonaceous fuel, anthracite, coke, &c., in some special form of generator or " producer. "

Water-gas is a mixture of carbon monox ide and hydrogen, which is produced by passing steam over red-hot coke.N.C.F.

A PRO BLEM IN FI RST A ID

ST

RUCT URE OF S PI AL C ORD.

L. D. ( Woolacombe ).-If the spinal cord ends at the se c ond, lumbar vertebrae, how are the lower spinal nerves connected with the spinal cord ? Please explain.

The spinal cord becomes smaller and smaller as it passes because it gives off branches (or nerves ) at regular Ill ter vals. When, therefore, it reaches the second lumbar (where it tapers off into a fine thread ) it has already g Iven off the nerves which supply organs of pelvis and lower lI mb s - N.C.F.

ETHI CS OF FIR ST-AID.

E. H ( Handsworth ).-Not 10nR ago a lady was knocked on the lines at a certain rail way station and had both lower limbs severed a bove the knees. Since this accident, we have repeatedly discussed among ourselves whether or no an amblllance man would be justified in dealing with such .a case the spot. As we differ in opinion, we submIt the pomt to you for decision, and anxiously await your verdict.

Remembering (1) that patient is a woman, (2 ) that hundreds of people were probably lOOking on, and (3 ) that the lady had probably fainted, I contend that an ambulance f!lan lay himself open to publit:: ridicule and sarcastIc CrItICIsm, If he presumed to render First-Aid.

On the contrary an ambulance man would encounter and

S. H. ( Radstock ).-A railway wagon builder got a metal splinter tightly embedded and broken off short in the front of one of his finger joints where it gave rise to great irritation with every movement of the finger.

Various attempts, including those by a c ertificated S.J.A.A. man with a pair of twee zers, failed t o d islodge the troublesome intruder Thereupon, a fellow workman, who laid no claim to First Aid knowledge, took a spl it cotter, filed it across to a poin and sprung it open slightly to provide "back-spring." Then pressing these emergency splinter-forceps down on to the foreign body, he quickly removed it.

I consider this a clever and apt illustrat ion of " resourcefulness" and "dexterity " being sometimes superior to actual knowledge.

"I agree that "resourcefulness " and "dexterity " were demonstrated. From the First-Aid standpoint, however, such action is typically l11eddlesome and totally unjustifiable-in view of Principle No. 12 (Textbook pp. 26 and 27 ) and the instructions on foreign bod ies ( p. 1 1 On these grounds your" certificated S.J.A A. man" is convicted of breach of the Principles of First Aid.-N.C.F.

ANOTHER PROBLE M IN FIR ST AID.

C. P. (Bushey ) - Recently a child was kno c ked down by motor bus, the front wheel of which passed over his head, though the vehicle was pulled up before the rear wheel reached him. There was gross ev dence th a t the poor ch Ild was dead; and the bus remained on the spot. The accident occurred within fifty yards of the child's home in a country

-FIRST

village, and there was no chance of getting doctor or police-officer for at least half- an-hour.

My problem is that there has been some dIScussIon as to whether or no a First-Aider should have removed the body when he knew that a doctor and police -offic er were not available. Your opinion will be welcomed.

First Aid is to the" Sick and I njured. " I n this case there was apparently no question of doubt as to the presence of death; and therefore Principle No. of Textbook ( p 24) does not apply. In short, the problem is one of First but of the law of the land, which has to deC Ide the responsibility or otherwise of the driver of the motor·bus.

Possibly the unfortunate parents-to whose proper consideration is due-solved your problem by mSlstmg on removal of the body. Possibly also the needs of the traffic through the village necessitated this step. Apart however, the proper thing appears to have been to aVOId mterferen c e , to cov er the body, and to summon a.nd await the arrival of the police-officer who is the representative of the law. -N .C.F

ASPHYXIA WITH HiElIIOR RHAGE.

L. C ( Gateshead ).- In the L. & N. W. Railway Stretcher Test published in July issu e the teams had to treat a patIent who was apparently asphyxiated and also suffering from simple fracture of left leg and bleeding ( presumably arterial) from right foot.

The test required ji1'st attention to the bleeding. I maintain that this is wrong, as the Textbook teaches that, when breathing h as ceased, a 'Aound does not bleed to any great extent; and that it would be more in ac co rdance with the Principles of First-Aid to start artificial respiration first and to attend to the bleeding when thIS had been done. Your opinion on this point wdl be much appreciated.

On general principles your contention and the statement of facts attributed to Textbook ( p. 144) are perfectly sound. Exceptions, howe ve r, occur at times and break every general rule; and in this instance the card definitely read-" blood is flowing."

Under these circumstances, it would clearly be wrong, especially with several ambulance men available, to neglect the bleeding which for the moment, as the detaJled sheet shows, only required t em porary i ndirect control by flex ion of kneejoint (a step in treatment which is carried out within one second of time ) before artificial resp iration was started and carried out successfully.-KC.F.

SHOCK

FROM ABDOMINAL I NJURY.

W. W. ( Leeds).-Please tell us the best means of restoration for a player on the football field who is "winded " by a blow in the body from a ball or another player. What really happens in this condition?

As the sequel to a sharp and sudden blow on the abdom ina wall (especially the" pit of stomach") a condition of Shock results from irritation of the SYPlpathetic Nervous System, especially that port ion known as the" solar plexus. "

As part of the Shock there is a reflex stoppage of breathing which, being the most marked symptom, gives its narne" winding "- to the condition. The effects vary from transz'ent incapacity to fatal Syncope, and this often without ar.y apparent lesion. Treat for Shock as laid down in Textbook (pp. 143 & 128). N.C.F.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention "First Aid."

AI D.- September, 1922.

Priory for Wales.

A ST. JOHN HOSTEL will shortly be opened at 46, Charlesstreet, Cardiff, (or Nurses and V.A.D. M em b er s who have se rved with H. M. Forces, on land, sea, and air, at hom e and abroad.

A number of bedrooms are available for those who aTe temporarily r esi dent in or passing through Cardiff, and can be reserved on application to the by letter or telephone.

It is proposed, in response to numerous repreSEnta_ tions made to the Committee, to set apart rooms for th e use of non-resident nurses and members of Voluntary Aid Detachments for use of club purposes, where members can read, write and obtain meals if desired.

The annual subscription for non-resident mem bers is lOS. 6d. per annum, payable in advance on May 1st in each year.

It is thought this Hostel and Club will meet a great want and be the means of bringing together particularly thos e who served in H.M. Forces at home and abroad during the late War.

The Brodsworth Ambulance Competition was won by The Prince of Wales' Colliery No. I Team, Manvers Main being second with Mitchell's Main Colliery being third. There were 38 teams in the contest.

Sergt. A. G. Dickinson, Honorary Se cretary of the Southport Division of the Brigade was the recipient of a presentation last month prior to his departure for Australia

The work which Mr. Dickinson has done for the Division ha:; been greatly appreciated by both men and officers.

THE COLLECE OF AMBULANCE.

President: ILR.H. THE PRINCESS CHRISTIAN.

CLASSES and LECTURES.

Physiology. Cookery Course. First Aid. Home Dispensing. Hygiene. Home Nursing. Tropical Ailments. Applied Anatomy. Child Welfare. Free Lectures for Scouts and Girl Guides. MOBILE X-RAY AMBULANCE SERVICE.

The College (fiers every facility for instruction in Ambulance Work in its widest interpretation. The fees are m oderate and Members and Fellows have the use of Anatomical and Pathological Museums, Bandaging Rooms, Ward, Library and Writing Room. Annual Subscnptions: Members £1 IS., Fellows £2 2S. Write for Prospectus to the MANAGING SECRETARY, 56, Queen Anne Street, W.J. 'Phone: Mayfair 4652.

Price 6d. ne Post free 7d. NOTES ON FIRST AID SIMPLIFIED.

By Sidney H. Lam b.

A Handbook in a tahu lated and simplified form giving the main points in first aid, so arranged as to impress them on the memory of the student

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon St., .,ONDON, E,C.4.

September, 1922. -FIRST

A GREAT FIRST AID AID. TO

IW!THOUT STAIN OR IRRITATiON

A WORK that justifies its claim to be an epitome of all that specialised medical and surgical knowl e dge necessary for First Aiders, as well as an authoritative manual or reference on all information relating to Health and Disease, is a work to be welcomed by all our readers who wish to study their subject more deeply than is possible from superficial text books.

In "The Modern Physician," by Dr. Andrew Wilson, fullest space is devoted to "First Aid" and Ambulance Work. In respect of completeness, accuracy of description and wealth of illustration, "The Modern Physician" stands without a rival amongst the works published on this important subject. It is scientifically accurate and reliable without being dull; the name of its editor, so long and popularly known as an expositor of Health laws and a teacher of Hygiene, is a guarantee of this. This work is absolutely complete as regards Health and Disease.

oIChemists at 2(- per pot. Menley and

Ordinary forms of Iodine are too irritating to use in many of the cases otherwise, iodine would be the Ideal treatment, because ?f its antiseptic, h e aling properties. Iodex IS non-staining iodine of marked power. It is bland, and rapI d healing. It is therefore Ideal 10 septIC wouRds, burns scalds, tears, abrasions, bruises, inflamed feet, etc. Of all - Jam es, Ltd., 64, Hatton Garden,

Loodon, E.c. 1.

11£ IODINE 10a:1Home Office Pattern. STERILIZED DRESSINCS.

Are

As a knowledge of the body in Health is necessary to the due understanding of the body when its functions are derang e d by disease, a description of every part of the frame will be found here. The skeleton, muscles, digestive system, heart and lungs, brain and nervous system, organs of se nse, skin, kidneys and the body's microscopic structure are duly described. In this connection the illustrations are of particular value, the "mannikins II or dummies more especially; in these the organs are made to overlap each other exactly as they do in the human body.

The section devoted to Hygien e includes the full exposition of the Laws of Health, and special attention is devoted to Physical Culture. Such topics as foods, beverages, air, exercise, clothing, sleep, baths, holidays temperament, &c., are treated in this section.

The last volume is especially devoted to the Health of Women, and Dr. Wilson has here b ee n assisted by a number of eminent women physicians. Midwifery and the treatment and Diseas es of Infants are here fully dealt with.

A FEW OPINIONS.

Mr. J. DANIEL, Kent Avenue, Ashford, writes:" Its all· round excellence makes it a valuable acquisition. The section dealing with ambulance work is especially good. The book is written in splendid style and the illustrations are first rate. The method of payment places it within the reach of all."

Miss I. C. BENNETT, Matron, MetropOlitan Hospital, writes:"The 'Modern Physician' is an excellent work and very lucidly written. So many text - books are too difficu lt for the average nUlse to use, but the' Modern Physician' seems thoroughly up to date and yet simple to understand. I am particularly impressed by the excellent type, printing and good illustrations."

Mr. A. H. HART, Caobury Park Rd., Kingston·on Thames, writes:"Af ler a caleful perusal uf the '':\1odern Physician' r am forced to the conclusion tbat there are so many commendable points in con· nection with it tbat it is exceedingly difficult to indiVidualize its innumer able merits; but if there were three things which especially impressed me, they were as fo ll ows :- ( 1) The u p·to·date character of the work; (2) the simplicity of the language used; (3)its practicability.

A FREE BOOKLET.

TO THE CAXTON PUBLISHING COMPANY, LTD. 83, SURREY STREET, LONDON, W.a.:2.

Please send me, FREE OF CHARGE and without any obligation on my part: Illustrated Booklet of "THE MODERN PHYSICIAN."

NAME (Send this Farm on a Postcard.)

ADDRESS

TROPICAL FIRST AID, HOME NURSING, HOME HYGIErIE & CARE OF CHILDREN

PUBLICATIONS BY COLONEL R. J. BLACKHAM, C. B., C.M.G., C.LE., D.S.O., M.D., M.R.C.P.E., D.P.H.(Lond. Knight of Grace of St. John, Member of the Order of Mercy, Kaiser-i-Hind Medalist, Barrister-at-Law,

AI D- September, J 922.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &C.,

By N. FLETCHER, M.lS., B.C., B.A.(Clotab). M.R.C.S. COMMON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID. IS. net: post 3d. AIDS TO f'IRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free, IS Flrst·Ald SImplified and Tabulated, wltb Alas to Memory. Col. Sir fames CantHe contributes an introduction and we endorse his gaoa opinion 0./ tltebook."-LANCET.

AIDS TO HOME-NURSING.

Second Edition. Price 9d., post free.

Home·Nnrslng Simplified and Tabulated, wltb Aids to Memory.

" This book w01<deifully simplifies a complex subject and shou ld be read bll a ll students. "- L & N.W. Rv. GAZETTE.

WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID.

Third Edition. Price III., post free.

Difficulties In Stndy and Treatment solved by Questlo.n and We commend tltis book to Lecturers and St udents who w,ll find zt 0./ great se,viee. "- FIRST AID.

EFFICIENCY IN FiRST-AID.

Post free, II. 3d.

Problems In Stndy, Treatment and Examlnlltlon solved lor Students.

" Without doubt the book will be ofgreat service in the Irazntng o/those for wftom it is designed. "-BRITISH MEDICAL] OURNAL HINTS FOR HOSPITAL ORDERLIES.

Post free, 9d.

Orderly Duties SimplifIed aud Tabulated, wIth AIds to Memory. A most compact broch.ure which contains muclt use./Ul in/ormation.PRESCR IBER.

By J. M. CARVBLL, AN INDEX OF !FIRST-AID.

Fcap. 8vo. Post free, IS. 8d.

FIRST AID IN FEW WORDS. 82nd thousand).

With Coloured Diagrams. 12 pp. Folder. Cloth, 6d. Paper,2 d. HOME NURSING IN FEW WORDS. (20th thousand). With useful reference tables '4 pp. Paper,2d. HEALTH IN FEW WORDS.

By 1<1, r1 FIRTH, O.P.h., F.R C S. 20th Thousand. Paper folder 3 in. and 4 in. Post free 3d. net.

FIRST AID -

AND THE

-

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTH UR B. DALE.

No. 34o -VOL, XXIX OCTOBER , 1922.

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d. Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily ('or vublication) by the name and address of the Correspond en t.

of one-third, while haulage accidents below ground are slightly more, and for other accidents below ground the death-rate is about one-fourth less.

DALE, REYNOLDS

46. OANNON STREET, & CO., Ltd., LONDON. EJ.o.4.

WE SPECIALIZE IN S.J.A.B. UNIFORMS.

OFFICERS' UNIFORNS, CAPS, SAM BROWNE BELTS, GREATCOATS, RANK and FILE UNIFORMS, BELTS and POUCHES, CAPS, HAVERSACKS, etc.

Patterns and particuiars, with Self-measurement Forms, sent to any address by return of post.

SPECIAL LINES.

S.J.A.B. Tunic and Trousers = £2 : 7 6 (Black Vicuna or Serge)

S.J.A.B. Trousers - 12 / 6 & 16 / 6 per pair (Stock, all sizes ) (Postage 9d.)

By HOWARO M, PRBSTON, lJemonstrator to tIle Polytechnic THE TRIANCULAR BANDAGE: Its Application Accurately Desc:ibed by Words and 116 Diagrams. 116 Illus. Price, IS, net; postage 2d. THE ROLLER BANDAGE.

Its Application Accurately Described by Words and 162 Diagrams. Price, I S. net; postage, 2d.

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIA6RAMS. Thirteen (I to 12 and J4) on Roller. Post free. 3s. 9d. net. No 13 (separately) Male and Female Genital Organs, IS. THE COMPLETE MANIKIN. Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy, Medicine, First-Aid and Allied Subjects. Price 2S. ne t ; postage, 4d. THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAGING.

By THBKLA Illnstrated. Post free, IS. 3d.

POCKET FIRST AID SERIES. THIRD EDITION.

By Col. J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C.M.Goo C I.E., O.S.O" M.O, (I) Poisoning, (2) Haemorrhage, (3) In sensibility, (4) Asphyxia (Suspended Breathing), (s)Fractures, (6)Wounds, Bites, Burns, Scalds, Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series contains a ll the essentials of First Aid. Printed on linen-lin ed cards, 3i" x si . 6d. net each; postage 2d. ext ra.

HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS.

By NOEL D. BAROSWELL, M.V.O., M.O., F.R C.j.J. F sc p. 8vo. limp cloth. IS. 6d. net; po st 3d.

THE BIRTH AND EARLY DAYS OF OUR AMBULANCE TRAINS IN FRANCE - AUGUST, 1914, to APRIL, 1915. By WAGON-LIT." post free. JOHN BALI:3, SONS olE DANIBLSSON, Ltd 88-91, Great Tltchfleld Street, London, W.l. A RMY Stretchers, with Slings, .65 do zen, lOS. each.Firth, Wakefield.road, Pontefract.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4. 7 elegraphic Address.' "Twentll-/our, London." 7 elephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

Prevention of Mine Accidents.

IN the first annual report of the Secretary for Mines, a summary of which is published in the Board of Trade Journal, it is stated that the total number of persons killed at mines and quarries In Great Britain and Ireland in 192 was 8 [5, while 90,121 persons were injured and incapacited for a period of more than seven days. Of the latter, however, not more than 3,733 were so seriously disabled as to necessitate the sending of notice to the divisional inspector at the time of the accident. These numbers are the lowest recorded for many years, although it has to be borne in mind that the colli eries were shut down for three months

The aggregate production of coal last year was 163,251,181 tons, of the value of £213,746,044, against 229,532,081 tons, valued at £396,872,323 in 1920. The average number of persons employed o.t coal mines was 1,226,9 1 7, compared with 1,337,297 in the previous year. Although these figures show a decrease in the number of accidents, we think there is ample scope to give systematic training to miners in matters relating to safety through a central organisation. Such a scheme has been adopted in U.S.A. with remarkable results, and the larger mining companies, or in some cases groups, have organised their employees in safety associations. A miners' field day, including as its main feature, a miners' first aid contest with approximately fifty contesting teams, is held annually. Attendance at this field day has never been less than 18,000 Ambulance Red Tape.

AMBULANCE NURSES COATS

All Wool Grey, and Black Serge.

Extr a quality material. Strictly to regulation.

THORNTON & Tailors§

37/6 Postage 11CO., 24, Commercial St., BRIGHOUSE.

OR SALE.-Horse Ambulance, Stretcher and lever for lowering same; coach huilt panel body; £18 or near offer; illustration stamped envelope -Winslade, lIS, Eaststreet, Farnham, Surrey.

Now is your chance for discrimination. Full si zed (bleached ) TRIANGULAR BANDAGES, suitablt; for cQmpetition work. 5s. lId. per dozen, carriage paid. Be tactful and order now; limited quantit y. -Robinson and Sharples, Werneth Cotton Warehouse, Oldham.

An examination of the accidents statistics since 1873 shows that in the ten years ended 1920 the prop ortion of persons killed in mines to the number employed was smaller by nearly a half than the proportion for the ten years beginning 1873. The average annual death-rate from explosion s of fire-damp or coal dust has fallen by more than five-sixths and that from shafts by more than threefourths. In the case of accidents from falls of ground the improvement is less marked, and amounts to a reduction

SEVERAL painful cases have been reported in the daily press recently of accidents happening, there being undue delay in despatching the ambulance, or the question !las arisen as to who would pay the fee or whether the accident has occurred in the" area" in which it is maintained. That" red tape" should be a barrier to the use of an ambulance on such occasions creates a very painful impression, and it is now time that the question of fees, etc., should be definitely settled is admitted on all sides, and we sQould rejoic e to see municipalities communicate with one another in order to settle once and for all these minor points so that am bulances are placed at the disposal of the public directly an accident occurs.

The S.O.S. of humanity should be answered on land as it is at sea by the first to whom it It is better that two ambulances should arrive at the scene of an accident than none. The first thing is first aid." By comparison nothing else matters Questions of payment and jurisdiction can be settled afterwards.

J'he Grand of the Order of the j{ospital of St. john of jerusalem in f;ngland. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

J'he St. john Jl.mbulanee 3rigade.

No. I Distrkt COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL NOVEMBER, 19 22

Sunday, sth.-No.87 Division, Shoreditch.

" 12th.-N o. 78 Enfield.

I9 th .- No T St. John's Cate. " 26th.-No. 80 Stoke Newington.

Duty from 2.30 p.m.) to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

ANNUAL INSPECTION.

The Commissioner has much pleasure in stating that has received the following memorandum from the Chief Commissioner :-

"I congratulate you on the very satisfactory repor.t on the I nspectlOn of the Prince of Wales's Corps received from the D-:puty Chief Commissioner."

The following is extract from the report of Colonel G. A. Moore, C.M.G., D.S.O.:-

" I found their turn out and general bearing excellent <l,nd was much impressed by the spirit of keeness apparent in the entire parade.

"I inspected the excellent bands which accompanied the Divisions yroceeded with Lady Perrott to review the Nursmg DlvlslOns. These members, to a number of 500, made a fine display, and I had the pleasure of being introduced to many who had rendered long and valuable service to the Order."

OBITUARY.

The Commissioner regrets to report the death of Dr. May on Tuesday, October 3rd. It is interesting to note that he was the only qualified medical man who had ever as a private in No. District of the St. John Ambulance Bnga de.

The death of another devoted member has also to be noted, that of Captain Sebright, Supt. of No. I 3 Cross, G.N.R.) Division, which took place on the 13th Instant after a long and painful illness.

RAILWAY FARES.

With further reference to D.O. 545, it should be noted that Railway Vouchers are not available on Tube and are only accepted on the District and Metropolitan Railways at a minimum fare of IS.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commt"sst"oner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending news paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

N.C.O.'s CLUB.-The usual monthly meeting will be held on Thursday, November 2nd, 7.30 p.m., W. H. Smith & Son's Club Milford-lane, Strand, W.C.

All N.C.O.'s are invited to become members, and extend the g00d fellowship which bee!l by bringing Divisions together for lectures, dlscusslOns, VISits to places of

interest, etc. Particulars from H. J. Palmer, Hon. Sec., 70, Newington Green-road, N.!.

BARKING.-Congratulations and regrets were with the social gathering which was held the BarklDg Municipal Restaurant on Sept: 16th by the for purpose of making <l: presentation to Supt. A. J: Nice,. who IS retiring from the Dlvlslo.n consequent uPO? hiS leavmg the district for the Isle of Wight. w ere .arous ed by the fact that under Mr. Nice's leadership very progress had been made with regard to the III the town, while sincere was felt that the DIVISion were now losing his valuable services.

The first part of the proceedin gs comprised a of music and dancing a nd, later, the me.mbers of the DIVISion, and the Nursing Sisters and a few fnends, sat down to an excellent repast.

Supt. Capt. W. Goodley, M .C ., Mr. Nice's successor in offic e, presided, and he v:as by Capt. W. H. M.B. E. (Mi litary ), senior Dlstnct Officer No. DiStrict, SJ.A.B., Supt. A. J. Nice and Mrs. Nice, Supt. Perry, Horseferry Division, W., Sergt. Metcalf, secretary, Sergt. A. J. Chapman, Corpl. Prentice, Councillor E. W. Steward, Div. Store-keeper Saunders, ex-Ambulance Officer H. Simons, and others.

No. 3 District.

BIRMINGHAM: CORPS.- The annual inspection took place on September 30th. The members of the Nursing C::orps were inspected at the TechDlcal Schools and the Ambulanc e Division at the Brook-street Barracks. About 200 nurses were on parade, and the inspecting Colonel Sir James Andrew Clarke, commented upon their smart app.earance. He also paid a tribute to the high standard of effiCIency reached by the Corps, and ur ged members to maintain that high standard. AmonR those present were the Lord Mayor (Alderman D. Davis) and the Lady Mayor ess , Sir John Holder and Lady Holder, Mrs. Porter (Lady District Officer), Miss Baring ( Lad y C orps Superintendent), the Rev W. I? Rudgard (Com missioner ), J. He,nto,n White (ASSistant Commissioner), Mr. C. N. Milner (Dlstnct Officer), Dr. George St. Johnstone ( County Surgeon), Dr. E. Parsey (Corps Surgeon), Major Darvil Smith (Brigade Secretary, Headquarters), and Colonel Marsh.

The Lady Mayoress said all recognised the splendid work performed by the Corps the They were ready at all times to undertake nur smg dutles, and they rendered splendid service in meeting Red Cross trams and to the needs of the soldiers. Since the war many conSidered there was no more work for them to do. That was a great mistake. The need for women work ers was as great as ever, and she expressed the hope that more women would join the Corps.

Later in the afternoon, Colonel Sir James Andrew Clarke i nspected the ambulance men. There were pre,ent, in addition to those already mentioned, Mr. W. E. Ballard ( Corps Su perintendent), Mr. G. E. Ki ngsnorth (Corps Treasurer), and M r. E. Elliott (C orps Secretary)..

The Lord Mayor said the city recognised the good work of the Corps. During his I months of office as Mayor he had been impressed hy the fact that there were m Blrmmgham a number of active men and women who were prepared to sacrifice their leisure on behalf of those who needed help. In that connection the Corps were rendering great service.

No. 4 District.

On Saturday, October 7th, the 21st Annual Conference of NO.4 District was held by kind invitation of the Lord Mayor of Manchester (Alderman F. D. Sim on ) in the lar g e hall of the Town Hall, Manchester.

An official welcome was g iven to the delegates by the Lord Mayor. Few people, be said, realised how much selfsacrifice and preparation were required to fit the members for

October, '922 -FIRST

the work they performed so effectually. Nor were tbe public aware, he tbought, that their work was carried on voluntarily, and they were entirely self-supporting, receiving nothing from Headquarters beyond instruction and g Jod advice. Their motto, "Faith, and the Service of Mankind" was one which few people made so noble an effort to live up to. Colonel Trimble. (the Commissioner) confessed, in reply, that theirs was a difficult work, but it was a duty which received the appreciation of the people at large, and he could assure the people of this district that they might depend upon it being carri ed out to the best of their ability.

The ordinary business of the conference was then proceeded with. The attendance was a record, about 925 dele · gat es bein g: present. Afterwards the delegates were entertained to tea by the divisions of the M anchester and Salford Corps at Messrs. T. P:uker's restaurants in St. Ann s Sq. and St. Mary's Gate. After tea there was a concert given by members and friends who all kindly volunteered their services.

In the morning parties of delegates were shown over Cheetham Library, the Cat hedral, and, by kind permission of the Chi ef Constable, the Ma nchester Police Ambulance Station. Each delegate was presented by the Corps Officers of the Manch ester and Salford Corps with a souvenir post card bearing a view of the first Ma n c hester Infirmary building of 175 6

AI TRINCH \:\1 -T he Division had a potato pie supper at

AID.- 59

assisted by other units III the district, rendered va luable 5ervices to the town

During the three days pageant on the show ground, and in the ten stations in various parts of the town, the ambulance workers rendered assistance in no less than 800 cases At the pageant 122 children received attention, and over 100 of the general public The heat affected many, the were diversified, and fortunat.ely few were serious. Fo llowmg the torchlight procession, the ambulance station in Chapel-walks was busy dealing with cases until 1.30 a,m. on Sunday. The officials of the corps who carri('d out the perfect ambulance organisation were; Dr. Derham (cor ps surgeon), Dr. Hadfield (c orps supt. ), Mr. J. Howorth (c orps secretary ), Mr. E. F. Millington (c orps treasurer ), Mr. G. Harrison (co rps inspector of stores), Mrs. Howard ( lady cor ps supt.), and Mrs. Pickles (supt. of the Preston Nursing D ivisio n ).

The doctors attached to the Preston Corps on duty dunng the week were: Dr. Wilkin-Healey, A. S. Holden, Rhode Murdoch, Mary Lowry, Stenwell A ik man ( Leyl a nd ), Harrington and Rigby. The following medical men not attached to the corps who assisted were: Drs Grant, Pimblett, McKerrow, Talbot, J. Walker, Ainsley, Pirie, Rustin and Ba k er.

The Nursing Division was supported by members of the Co-operative and the Leyland Nursing and ambulance men assisted from Chorley, Leyland and Kirkham.

With reference to the good work of the ambulance corps,

BARKING DIVISION, No. DIST R ICT.

the Mission Room, Altrincham, on October 11th. The company included Dr. H. G. Cooper (Div. Sur g.), Mrs. Cooper. Mr. Fowler Jones and 37 members of the DiVision.

Dr. H. G. Cooper in introducing Mr. Fowler Jones sa id how pleased a ll wer e to welcome him Mr. Fowler Jones a few words, complimented the Division on its efficiency and winning the "Whitaker" Cup, and expressed Colonel Trimb le's regret at being unable to attend. He afterwards presen ted Dr. Cooper with a framed photograph of the Divisi on as a mark of esteem and appreciation of his many kindn esses.

A smoker s cabinet was presented to Sergt. D. Roberts upon his retirement (through ill-health ) Mr. Fowler Jones expre ssed his Ipleasure at having the opportunity of meeting the founder of the Altrincham Division.

I n handing the vellum vote of thanks to Supt. W. Forster a:nard ed by the Association Mr. Fowler Jones congratulated him on gaining the award.

PRESTON. -During the Guild Week the Preston Corps,

it is pleasing to note that the Chief Co nstable has recorded his appreciation in the following letter re c eived by Lieut,-Col. C. 1. Trimble, C.M.G , Commissioner of the Distr ict.

"I have much pleasure in thankinR you for the invaluable help rendered by the Preston Corps of the St. John Ambulan c e Brigade during the Guild celebrations, and I should be grateful if you would be so kind as to convey to the officers and members thereof my warmest thanks for the splendid services they rendered. Their work was performed in the most praiseworthy manner, and highly appreciated by the general public."

At headquarters in Chapel.walks, at the conclusion of the torchlight procession, 23 cases received attent ion, and 108 persons were given shelter for the n ig ht.

No. 5 District.

GRIM SBY. -The Annual Inspection of the Grimsby and Cleethorpes Divisions took place on Octo,her 7th, in glorious, though rather cold, weather, by th e ASSistant Comm issioner for the District, Lieut.-Col. F. S. Lambert, R.A.M.C.

-FIRST

The joint Divisions left the Grimsby Headquarters, headed by the Borough Silver Prize Band, and marched to the People's Park (kindly lent by the Borough Parks Committee). There they were met by the Town Clerk and other influential gentlemen of the town and a very good company of the general public.

The Inspecting Officer made a thorough afternoon's work of it, and carefully took account of all the men on parade, being anxious that all should be fully equipped and that little loop hole be given to inattention to the various of the uniforms, puuches, water bottles, etc., etc. ThiS over the march past the saluting base was out under Superintendent Gott of the Grimsby Division, and was a treat to observe the real clockwork movement of all participating in the movement. Marching drill in all its varied formations was then undertaken and the making of two, three and fourhanded seats were done to the entire satisfaction of the officer inspecting. This done several cases of" First Aid" treatment were then undertaken by men of both Divisions, including the three we1l-known methods of artificial respiration. The stretcher cases were carried out in a manner that was entirely pleasing to all who were priv i leged to see the detailed working of same.

Afterwards Colonel Lambert presented the awards gained by 39 men of the Grimsby Division during the past year, including the Local Silver Cup for the year's proficiency (w on by Private Bogey), medallions, labels, vouchers, etc.

The officer complimented the locals officials in obtaining so splendid a venue for the inspection and also expressed his delight at all that he had been privileged to inspect that day He was especially glad at the smart turn out of all on parade and stated that smart appearance in our public work generally warranted the belief that the men would also be very smart in the more obsure performance of their tasks. He gave some very good advice to a ll on parade and trusted that the splendid increase in numbers this year would be carried on into the future years.

The Band gave great assistance in the marching by the fine rendering of various selections.

N OTTINGHAM.-The Nottingham Corps undertook public duties at the Goose Fair ')n October 5th, 6th, and 7th, under the supervision of Major H. W. Spaight, Corps Surgeon. Lady Corps Officer Miss L. A. Bowler, in charge of first aid dressing station. Div. Supt. L. Sullivan, in charge first aid out post. Patrol and Corps Sergt. Major Lewendon.

The staff consisted of 2 lady divisional superintendents, 3 lady am bulance officers, 5 sergean ts, 6 corporals, 4 lancecorporals, 50 privates, 30 ambulance sisters, total all ranks, 68 ambulance and 36 nursing members. The combined total, 104 members.

The si te of the first aid station was ideally situated in a commanding position with facilities such as self heating and electric light, and of great service an ele c tr ic lift. Three floors were utilized of the Nottingham Education Committee Offices to whose courteous consideration the corps are more than grateful, and ,the premises contained at? outside balcony on which was displayed cards, and floatmg overhead was a captive balloon, on which was inscribed in luminous letters "First A id Station," over all fluttered gently, at times violently agitated by the w;nd, soared the brigade flag. The assistant commissioner, A. B. Gibson, Esq., visited the station on October 6, and made a tour of inspection. Scrutinizing the Occurrence Book, duly observant of cases under treatment, and sympathetic reference and enquiries as to cause, effect, treatment, and disposal of patients, the crowd in the great market place at times numbered thousands upon thousands. The casualties were serious, enumerated there were 11 fractures, 10 le gs, 1 arm. One case a fall of 20 feet; result, comparative slight inj uries. Another a fall of a few inches, result Potts fracture. Faints numerous and profound. Another case male sat upon some glass, result stitches at the hospital, abstainer from infancy. Cases treated numbered 72, amongst which were several detained in hospital.

The cases were divided into and treated in three separated places under headings, ordinary, minor, and major injuries,

AI D.- October, 1922.

and the celerity of the treatment was praiseworthy. Tse various duties allocated to the ambulance and patrol parties was carried out in a most exemplary manner. The ambulance sisters duties were very satisfactory.

The conduct of all ranks was consistent with propriety, and in keeping with the high traditions of the Order. In conclusion I would call attention to the courtesy of the medical staff (extended to the members ambulance and nursing who aecompanied cases) of the General Hospital, the valuable and tactful assistance of the police, and the expressed gratitude and thanks of those under treatment.

No. 9 District.

PL YMOUTH.-That an ambulance man is "never off duty" was recen t ly exemplified in the case of Divisional Supt. Warren of the Plymouth Millbay Railway Division S J.A.B.

After a period of very heavy railway work, and close application to responsible ambulance organisation, both on the G.W.R. and in Plymouth, he went to Jersey for rest and chang-e.

While rlo zi ng on the sea front his attention was d ir ected to efforts being made at some distance from the shore by some swimmers to rescue a boy being carried out to sea by the tide.

After requesting a policeman to obtain a boat (w hi ch he did with much difficulty ), 1\1 r. Warren rushes to the nearest hotel and obtained blankets, hot water bottles; he also directed that immediate efforts should be made to telephone for a doctor He also ordered the proprietor of a neighbouring kiosk to prepare hot tea with plenty of milk and sugar, together with two jugs one containing- hot and one cold water.

In the meantime the work of rescue was proceeding, but on the boat reachmg the shore the people were carrying away the apparently drowned boy. Supt. Warren successfully appealed for an opportunity of trying- artificial resp iratio n , and after carrying out Schaefer's method for a considerable time was rewarded by complete success. The distracted mother also needed his attention.

An interesting and a:nusing sequel was that as the work of restoration was proceeding a doctor arrived on the 5cenehe was called by the manager of his hotel. The medical man returned to the one who called him, and said that a "doctor was there already," everything possible that could be done was being done, so he could not take the case out of another "doctor's" hands and did not interfere.

What an unconscious compliment to an ambulance man's efficiency.

No. II (S.E. & C.R.) District.

The great annual concert organised by the Victoria Division was again held in the Central Hall, Westmister, this year on Sept. 16th. Mr. Meale had gathered to g ether a splendid group of artistes that were heartily appreciated by a very large audience. Div. Supt. W. C. Banks and Div. Secretary F. E. Stratton are to be thoroughly congratulated in having inspired the Division to work 50 successfully.

The distribution of awards for the Isle of Thanet area took place at Margate on Sept. 19th. His Worship the Mayor was accompanied by the Mayoress (M r. H. B. Smith), and was supported C. J. C. Latham, Esq. (Eastern District S upt. ), Mr. W. H. Jarvis (S tation Supt. at Mr. R. Busbridge ( Station Supt., Ramsgate), Dr. Ar c hibald (R amsgate ), the Supt. of the Margate Town Division (No.8 District ), Ambulance Officer R. G. Ward (Ramsgate Division), District Officer W. T. Hancock, and the District Secretary Mr. J. A. Barnes (G oods Manag.er's A feature of. the evening was the investIture With the Bngade long servi ce medal of Messrs. Futter, Harlow, Houghton and Wood. We are glad to learn that further medal bars and service badges are now due to several members of the Ramsgate D ivision.

On Sept. 20th the Division's annual inspection took place in the gardens of Eaton -sq uare. The Division presented a very smart appearance, as, led by the S.-E. & C. Ry. military band, the parade marched to the rendezvous. District

October, -1'IRS'l'

Officer B. Hemphrey, M.B.E., was the inspecting officer. During the parade, the Brigade long service medal was presented to Mr. W Stevens, a very keen and efficient worker.

Owing to an accident at Dartford, the Chatham Division has lost a very fine member in the late CorpL E. A. Thorpe. The funeral took place on Sept. 2yd, at Gillingham, amidst scenes of public sympathy. Corpl. Thorpe was a prominent leader in every good cause. A great worker at Holy Trinity, Old Brompton, deceased was keenly interested in trade unionism, and every movement for the benefit of his fellows. Nearly one hundred ambulance men took part in the service at the c hurch and marched in the co rtege to the cemetery. A large number of railwaymen in uniform, friendly society officials, and others joined in the last scenes. The choir of the ch urch and the band of the British Legion led the singing at the graveside.

Amongst those present were District Officers Hancox, Drinkwa ter and Barnes, Div. Supt. Hawksworth, Amb. Officers Wraight and Belcher (C hatham Division), Div. Supt. Murray (Chatham Town Division ) Div. Supt. A.]. Green ( Bricklayer's Arms Division) Amb. Officer Miller (N orth Kent Division) and Amb. Officer Stevens ( Victor ia Division ). Chatham Railway Division mustered 34 N.C.O's and men, Chatham Town Divisio n 22 N.C.O's and men, whilst Victoria, Faversham, North Kent, Bricklayer's Arms and Queenbol'Ough Divisions were all represented.

AID.- 6t

Wm. Crofton, F.R.C.P.I., "Immunisation and Vaccine Treatment," 17th November.

Sir Wm. de Courcy Wheeler, F.R.e.S.I., "Fractures, with special reference to the evolution of their treatment," 1st December.

W. C. Stevenson, F.R.e.S.I., "The History of X-rays and Radium," 15th December.

At Brigade Headquarters a lecture room has recently been obtained and equipped much on the model of the splendid room at the College of Ambulance, 56, Queen Anne-street, W. 1. All Headquarters' classes and lectures will be beld in this room in future.

The Commissioner, Sir John Lumsden, K.B.E., M.D., presided at a meeting of District and Corps Officers on 11th October, when reports were made from the various Brigade departments and the programme for the winter s work was arranged.

The same evening, Lady District Superintendent, Dr. Ella Webb, M.B.E., presided at a well attended meeting of Lady Supts. and Lady Ambulance Officers.

The Baby Clothing Department was re-opened for the winter session on the 13th October, and an appeal made

Wreaths were sent from Commissioner E. A. Richards and Distric t Staff, Chatham Railway, Chatham Town, Faversham, Bricklay er's Arms and Victoria Divisions.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

There is much activity in Brigade circles now that the winte r season has started. At Headquarters first aid classes have started on Wednesday evenings, Dr. D. K. Milne He nry lecturing, and Lady Superintendent Mrs. Chas. Keat inge acting as bandaging instructor and class sec retary.

In addition to these classes, the Commissioner has arra nged a splendid course of lectures to be held fortnightly by distinguished lecturers. Those to be given before Chri stmas are :-

Sir John Lumsden, K.B.E., M.D., "Infection and Fe vers," 20th October.

Dr. Ella Webb, M.B.E, "Prevention of Disease in Chil dren," 3rd November.

for workers and old clothes to be made into garments for the babies of the very poor.

Much public duty has been done during the month by the various Ambulance and Nursing Divisions in connection with the first aid huts, football matches, motor cycle races, race meetings, &c. At the Carnival, Ballsbridge, in aid of the Mater Hospital, a first aid station was organised and Brigade personnel arranged by Corps Supt. James H. Webb and Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Shanks. All the Divisions on the active list took duty at the Carnival and 131 cases were treated.

Sip all liquids slowly. Do not take a drink of water while your mouth is full of food.

Mark Twain was once asked what he considered to be the worst com bination of diseases. He replied: Rheumatism and St. Vitus' dance.

CHURCH PARADE PRESTON CORPS, S.J.A.B., GUILD WEEK, 1922.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Official Brigade Gazette

AUGUST, 1922.

The Chi e f Commissioner has sanctioned the foilowiug appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

No DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

No. 53 (S outh Metropolitan Gas Co.) Nursing Division.Lady Supt. Miss Stubbing ton transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 22.9.22

Alice Hansell Sparks to be Lady Supt., 19 9.22 No. 72 ( Barking) Division.-Supt. W. Goodley transferred from No. 15 (East Ham) Division: 2 .9 99

No. 2 DISTRICT.

Reading Division.-Sergt John Henry Elms to be Ambulance Officer, 24.8.22

City of Bristol Corps {Bedminster Division).-Sergt. J ames Cuthbert Horwood to be Ambulance Officer, 14 .9.22

Slough Town Division.-Staff Sergt. James Scott to be Ambulance Officer,

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Corps (Lawley Street (M ,R.) Division).Am bulance Officer J. Walker resigned, 22.9.22

Birmingham Corps (Headquarters Division).-Ambulance

Officer A. Hamburger transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 22.9. 22

Tyseley G.W.R. Division.-Supt. J, Edwards transferred io the Brigade Reserve, 22.9.22

Leicester Corps.-Lady Corps Officer M. Harris resigned, 4·10.22

No. 4 DISTRICT.

North Manchester Division.-Supt. J. Garlick transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 15.9 22

Manchester Salford Corps ( Sefton Nursing Division). Lady Supt. L. WIls on and Lady Arr.bulance Officer Ralli, transferred to the BrIgade Reserve, 15.9.22

Burnley D ivision. - Supt. J. L. COlburn transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 29 9.22

Ramsbottom Nursing Division.-Lady Supt. E. A. Brace · well resigned, 19 ,7.22

Margaret McFarlane Jones to be Lady Supt.. 5.10.22

Birkenhead Corps.-Corps Supt. J. Ratcllffe-Gaylard resigned, 22.9.22

Corps Officer J. Shaw resigned, 4.10 22

Birkenhead Corps ( Cammell Laird Division).-Sergt.

Thomas Hewitt to be Ambulance Officer, 20.9.22

Ambulance Officer Jo s eph Belton to be Divisional Supt., 70.9. 22

Cheadle Heath Railway Division.-Abraham Howard to be Divisional Supt., 29.9.22

Trawden Division.-Pte. Joseph Henry Day to be Divisional Supt. 20.9.22

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Corps Supt. Percival Muschamp to be District Officer County of Nottingham, 25.9 22

Nottingham Corps (Great Northern Division ).-Divisional

Supt. W Cunningham transferred to the Brigade Reserv

2.12.21

Nottingham Corps (Scapleford and Sandi acre Division)_ Mary Wilkins to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 14 8 22

Nottingham Corps (Radford Division).- William Alum J ones to be Divisional Supt., IS 9. 22

North Staffs Railway Corps.-Corps Officer W. Walker resigned, I 5.922

Pte. Frank Charlesworth to be Corps Officer, 21.8.22

Keighley Corps ( Skipton Division ).-Ambulance Officer

F. Cockshott reverted tD Private at own request, 15 .9. 22

Bentley Division.-Ambulance Officer D. Mcgregor resigned, 4.10.22

Leeds Corps (Central Division ).-Sergt. M'itthew Jackson to be Ambulance Officer, 26.9. 22

Ambulance Officer Clement T. Speight to be Divisional Supt., 20.9.22

Hanley and District Corps.-The Rev . Ma zzi n i Tron, D.S.O., M.C., to be Corps Supt., 20.9. 22

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Derwent Valley Corps ( Chop well Division ) - William McAlpine Pollock Henderson, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 6 9.22

North Durham Corps.-Michael Mulkerrin, to be Corps Sergt.-Major, 12.9.22

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Dover Divi5ion.-Divisional Surgeon A, J. F. Clarke resigned, 1.9.22

Canterbury Nursing Div ision.-Lydia Mary Holman to be Nursing Officer, 6 9 22

No 9 DISTRICT.

Supt. Edward Ernest Hattam to be District Officer for Cornwall, 26.9.22

Penzance Division.-Philip Burrie Corin to be Ambulance Officer, 5.9.22

Devonport Division. - Edith Annie Bayley to be NursingOfficer, 29.8.22

Sherwell Nursing Division.-Harriet Hastings to be Lady Divisional Supt., 29.8.22

Mary Elise Babbage to be Lady Ambulance Officer , 12.9. 22

Friary Nursing Division.-Elizabeth Alice Allsopp to be Nursing Officer, 22.8.22

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Ipswich Corps (Gippeswyk Offi ce r Frederick Edward Goddard to be DIVISIonal Supt., 20.9.22

NEW DIVISIONS, &c

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :-

No. 2 DISTRICT.

Andoversford Division.-Disbanded, 4.10.22

Stonehouse Division.-Disbanded, 4 10 22

Sunningend Division.-Disbanded, 4. 10 22

Stroud Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 4· lO n

NO.3. DISTRICT.

Strat(ord-on-Avon Division.-Disbanded, 4.10.22

Harbury Division.-Disbanded, 4. 10 22

October, IQ22. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

Birmingham Central Station Division. - Disbanded, p022

Birmin g ham Post Offi ce Division.-Disbanded, 4 10 22

Earls Barton Nursing D ivision. - Disbanded, 4.10.22

Irchester D ivision. -4 rO .22

NO.4 l)I STR ICT.

Ulverston Division.-Registered, 22.1.22

No. 5 DISTRICT.

Tetley's Brewery Division. -Registered, 25.6.22

Queensbury Cadet Division -Registered, 20.9.22

NO.9 DI ST RICT.

Cubert and Newlyn Division.-Disbanded, 4,10.22

Newquay Division.-Disbanded, 4.10.22

Porthleven Division. - Di:.banded, 4.10 22

DEATHS.

Supt. S. Sills, City of Ro c hester Division, 22.9.22

Divis ional Surgeon A. Howard, Macclesfield Division, 4. 10 22

DIvis io nal Surgeon J. Carroll, Wigan Division, 15.9 22

JAMES R. A. CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

During September 18 V A.D. Nursing members have b ee n posted to Ministry of Pensions Hospitals.

Miss Marjorie Beeton has been appointed to an interesting post at Bucharest, in the Training School to be es tablished by th e - Roumanian Government to give general tr rti ning in nursing to Roumanian women.

It will be rememb e red that Miss Beeton, an ex-V. A.D. member, who had lately completed her general training as <l. nurse at St. Thomas's Hospital, was the first candidate t o represent Great Britain in the International Pu blic Health Cours e 1920-II.

Since completing her Public Health Training, Miss Beeton return e d to St. Thomas's Hospital, where she took her training in Midwifery, obtaining the C.M.B. Certificate.

We wish Miss Beeton all success in her new work, which should be very interesting.

It will be remembered that the last V.A.D. Unit to serve Overseas was the General Service Unit which returned to England in \.fay; 1922, having been employed with the A rmy of the Black S e a. Miss Mitchell, the Commandant of that Unit has rec t! ntly had th e following letter from General Sir Charles Harringtbn; Commanding Allied Forces of Occupation, Constantinople. This letter is of very special interest in view ot the situation which has recently arisen in Turkey, and the important part which Sir Charles Harrington has had in the negotiations :-

General Headquarters, Allied Forces of Occupation, Constan tinople.

August 7th, 1922.

DEAR MISS MITCHELL,Ever since you left I have been meaning to write and tell you how sorry I was not to see you

before you left to thank you so much for all you did for the British Force and for all the girls under you. I did not know when you were leaving or would have come to see you off. We miss you all very much, and there is a great scarcity of ladies now. Again thanking you for all your great work, which I appreciated more than I can say, and wishing you every success.

Yours sincerely, (Signed) C. H HARRINGTON.

A Residential Club at 90 and 32, Cromwell-road will be opened early in November under the auspices of the Joint Nursing and V.A.D. Services Committee.

Any nurse or V.A.D. member who was employed duriog the War in one of the Nursing is ebgible to apply for accommodation.

The Club will accommodate 50 residents at a cost of from £1 lOS. to £2 lOS. per week, this charge includes bed, breakfast, dinoer, full board 00 Sunday, and baths.i luncheon and tea on week days can be had at the Club if desired.

The majority of the rooms are for one person only, although there are a few which can be shared by friends. There is a large drawing-room, dining-room and writingroom, 5 bathrooms for the use of guests, and a special feature is a laundry-room and ironing -room (or the use of guests. There is also ample box-room accommGdation, where guests can leave their trunks for a sm:lll charge.

-A special room will be reserved for nurses on night duty.

The house is at the corner of Gloucester-road and Cromwell-road, opposite to Glouc e ster-road Underground and Tube Stations, 'buses also pass the door. The house is next door to St. Stephen's Church, Gloucesterroad.

Ladies desirous of secunng accommodation should apply early, in writing.

We much regret to announce the death of Mr'5. Mary E. Owen Evans, nee Connoily, formerly of London 250, which occurred on July nnd. Mrs. Owen Evans had served at Bagthorpe, Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, and King George Military Hospitals.

Miss Eva Hutton, of Wilts 6, died on July 19th. Miss Hutton had served as House Member in France, and Bovington Camp. South African, Richmond and Tidworth Military Hospitals.

Miss Elsie May Grant, of Glamorgan 70, died on August loth. Miss Grant had served as a Motor Ambulance Driver in France.

ARMISTICE SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 12th, 1922o-The heads of all leading churches throughout the country have recommended the appeal of the Joint Societies to clergy of all denominations for church collections on Armistice Sunday. The appeal has heen signed by Her Maj e sty Queen Alexandra, President of the British Red Cross Society, and Hie' Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught, Grand Prior of the Order of St. John, and ther e is every reason to hope that the results will be satisfactory.

Manchester Corporation Ambulance. *

THIS is the finest, first, and most up-to-date ambulance service in the country. Not even excepting the London County Council. Opened 22 years ago in July, 1900, with three horse ambulances, four men, and one officer. In the first year 400 patients were carried, the second year 700 patients were removed, the third year I, 100, and a gradual increase each year until, from June 1St, 192 I, to May 31St, 1922, 8,000 cases were removed averaging 22 cases per day the year through. What strikes you most on ent ering the office is the importance of the telephone switch board.

Y GU ring them up to report an accident. Immediately you ar e put through a bell rings continuously until you are answered by the officer in charge, who is always on duty, day and night. When your case is clearly understood, a telephone button is pressed, and the next man on the rota is at the door with his ambulance, within one minute, ready to receive instruction as to his destination in writing, with the nearest hospital to which the case can be taken in case of sudden illness or accident.

There are special facilities for communicating with hospitals, and th e man rings up and inform headquarters the result of his journey, and here he may be informed to visit another case near by, or on his way horne and again return to the hospital, and sometimes a third case is visit e d whilst out on one journey.

The ambulance, motor or horse, can be engaged at any hour, day or night, in or out of Manchester, at very moderate in private cases, to meet trains, or convey patients to sp ecial hospitals, or to their homes, to wh a t eve ry distance is necessary.

There i s one special ambulance for post morton cases only.

There is one also under the Blue Cross, for sick horses only.

The garage is the finest am bulance garage in the country. All m e n live on the premises and have telephones into th ei r rooms and to assist dispatch on leaving the premises, a handle attached to a r ope is pulled, on which the door s fly open and leave a cl ear {-;xit for t he car.

Th ere are three sub-stations, controlled from Headquart e rs.

The sub-stati o ns being open, day and night, to c a lls in th ei r own neighbourhoods. There are ten motor and eight horse ambulances.

All infectious cases in the city are removed from a separat e institutlOn in Oldham -road, which is also open day and n ight.

Particulars of all ambulance calls are entered by the driv er on his return.

The T ime Place Arrival Name&Address Conveyed Time

Date called called time of patient to arrived & left to

Nature of Horse or Time Driver injury motor returned

THE O VERSEERS AMBULANCE SERVICE.

Besides th ese is the Overseers or Board of Guardians ambulanc e; with 6 ambulance motors, also op e n day and night. Th ese supply three Infirmaries larg t r than the Manchester Infirmary.

* A Pape r read befl)re the 21 st Conference, No IV. District, by Corps. Supt. Dr. J. Cryer (M an chester and Salford Corps).

AID.- October, 1922.

RECORDS.

June !st, 1919 to May 31St, 1920, 10,843 patients removed 46,477 miles.

June 1st, 1920 to May 31St, 192[, 16,354 patients removed, 57,234 miles.

June 1St, 1921, to May 31st, 1922, 12,938 patients removed 61,339 mil e s. = 4! miles per po tient.

SALFORD AMBULANCES.

The Salford Municipal Ambulance Service, which IS quite up to date, at Central Fire Station, Salford.

Number of calls attended during 1921 :-

Accidents

Private cases, removals, etc.

3,348

Mileage, 13,393 ; exactly 4 miles per patient.

SALFORD POOR LAW INSTITUTION.

Cases removed by ambulance during the year ending August 31st, 1922 :3,234 cases.

J',mbulance :News euttings.

Tlte Editor inviter nadcrs to send 1lcWSpape1' cuttings 012 matters oj interest /0 1' this column,

F LYING A MBULANCE

A Daimler air equipped as a flying ambulance, recently took a woman ll1valtd from London to Paris to undergo special treatment.

The passenger was too ill to travel by boat and train, and the Daimler Airway undertook to make up a bed in one of their pa s senger air expresses, and to silen ce, as far as possible, the roar of the powerful Napier engll1e. --Daz'ry Mirror.

POI SONED AT PLAY.

A fatal game of" doctor and patient" by two children was described at an inquest at Chesham, Bucking hamshire, on Averil Dixon, aged one year and five months.

The r:nother said the dead child and her sister, aged 3, were playll1g with what she thought were empty bottles but suddenly she saw [he elder child giving eucalyptus to' the youngel child.

. A verdict wa.s .returned that death was dl;1e to eucalyptus aCCidentally admll1lstered by the dead child's slster.-Evenz'ng Ne ws

F ATA L TABLETS.

An inquest was opened at Torquay on 6 years old Eileen Betty Ward, a Torquay widow ' s daughter, who died after eating some tablets which she thought were sweets.

The mother said that Eileen took tablets which it was thought had been given to the father as a tonic when he left the army. The child died on the anniversary of her father's death.

A doctor said that had an abnormal thymus gland (a throat gland ). Assum ll1g that there was strychnine in the tablets it was possible the dose might have been fatal.Daily Mati.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention "First Aid "

AI D.-

unabatiog kindness and enthusiasm, has since October, 19 15, continued to serve as our honorary expert correspondent.

That his se rvices are appreciated is amply proven by letters received and by the fact that the yearly average of these queries, which in 1915 amount e d to about twenty, has now increased almost five-fold. Thus, we have during the past year submitted to the doctor no less than 94 queries, of which 25 referred to fractures, dislocations and sprains, 15 to bremorrhage and wounds, 14 to scalds, burns, and other local injuries, 13 to asphyxia and artificial respiration, 8 to insensibility and shock, and the rest to various itf'ms, such as competitions, ethics of First Aid, transport, &c.

Further, we acknowledge that the establishment of a "Practical Points" column was for years an editorial dream, which was only realised in 9 7, when Dr. Corbet Fletcher volunteered to accept responsibility for this column also. Since then, it has become a regular feature of the Journal; and thanks to the doctor's experience and skill we have, during th e year just ended, b ee n able to present 24 such reports, which deal with many and various practical details.

Mr. D. N. Turner, agent of the Staveley Coal and Iron Co ., Ltd., presenting the efficiency awards to the St. John Ambulance Brigade, Ireland Colliery Division, Staveley, referred to the recent cage accident at the pit, and said that five minutes after the accident twelve of the ambulance Men were on the scene and reported for duty at the pit bottom. Within 14 minutes, 22 men were available. Seventeen cases were treated by the brigade, including seven se rious cases, which were in Chesterfield Hospital, within 55 minutes of the accident. Although Doctors A. C. S. Court and Davison were called to the scene, they found it unnecessary to interfere with the work doce, the doctors complimenting the ambulance men on their efficiency. Supt. J. Hunter mentioned that during the last year the Brigade had treated 295 cases, of which 115 were in the pit. Altogether, since the Division's inception, 2,76 cases had been treated.

WITH this issu e we give our annual analysis of technical queries addressed to this journal; and the result provides a useful indication of the items most intere sting to FirstAiders, while it allows us the opportunity of acknowledging the great debt we owe to Dr, Corbet Fletcher, who, with

Colonel C. J. Trimble, commissioner, in his report for the annual conference of the No. IV. District of the St. John Ambulance Brigade says it has been necessary to strike seven ambulance units and ten nursing divisions off the list because of slackness and loss of interest in the work. "I will continue," he adds, "to strike off all units who are neither a credit to themselves nor the brigade organisation."

There are now in the No. IV. District 14 corps, 134 ambulance divisions, and 109 nursing divisions. The strength of the am bulance corps is 3,109, and the nursing divisions, 2,053'

Annual Inspection of No. I District.

THE annual inspection of the Prince of Wales Corps took place at the Exhibit io n Grounds, Hyde Park, on September 30th. In the regrettable absence of Sir James Clark, Bt. C. B., the deputy chief commissioner Col. G. A. Moore, C.M.G., D.S O, was the inspecting officer, and there were on par a de 1,500 men and 400 ambulance sisters, under the command of Mr. W. H. Winny, the commissioner of the district, and these presented a very sm a rt appearance. The inspecting officer ma?e.a inspection of all ranks, and congratulated the dlstnct on Its efficiency.

DINNER,

The Prince of Wales Corps held its first officers' dinner since the war at the Connaught Rooms, Kingsway, on the 7th October, when a large gathering of members

AID. - October, 1922.

place, 1St Class Sergt. oldest member of th e district, was presented with a sliver mounted walking stick after completing 35 years service. He I S known as No. of No. Division. The rest of the evening was taken up with dancing anj cards.

Food Poisoning.

By MAJOR H. W. SPAIGHT, L.R.C.P., &C.

SOME forty years it was discovered that putrid meat contained certain ch e mical substances-Ptomaines-evolved during decomposition. These Ptomaines were regarded for many year s as the poison causing illness brought on by food. During recent years scientific investigation of food poison-

October, 1932. -FIRST

mild ca'3es an early dose of castor oil does good. Botulism is a distinctive form of food poisoning, fortunately rare in the United Kingdom, due to the production of a toxin in preserved and stored foods by the Bacillus Botulus. There is usually no alteration of the food, though in a few cases a sour smell has been noticed at subsequent examination. The earliest symptoms-great thirst, loss of voice and difficulty in swallowing appear in from twelve to tw e ntyfour hours, followed by disturbances of vision and paralysis of the va rious nerve centr e s. The only effe ctive treatment is the injection or a special an titoxin, a supply of which is held by Medical Officers of Health in all large centres. A wider public knowled ge of food poisoning is essential if the awful tragedies occurring now and again are to be avoided and the following points should be more generally known.

Poisoned food cannot always be distinguished by its appearance.

Any food may be poisonous.

Bacilli and the toxins th e y produce are spread by flies

Some Suggestions for the Improve= ment of First Aid Competitions.

(Concluded from page 49.)

Now that there is a temporary lull in First Aid Competitions, it seems opportune for some careful consideration to be given to their improvement.

WE now come to the educational aspect of first aid competitions and it is in this connection that there is scope for considerable improvement. Firstly, 10 regard to the marking sheets, it is submitted that reference to the official Textbook should be provided in an additional column opposite each marking. This would ensure that the com-

PRINCE OF \\r ALES'S

CORPS

IN SPECTION . Col. Moore chatting with Brigade Surgeons, who took the right of the line. and friends sat down to a most excellent repast and most enjoyable evening, which was due to the organisation of the corps. treasurer, Supt. C. Lines, The gathering was pr e sided over by the Commissioner, and after thE: loyal toasts the chaIrman prop ose d the Grand Prior and the Order of St. John, and he pointed out that the public do not realise that it was the oldest of chivalry, and in no p eriod of its history has it ever carried out its work with more e fficiency than it does to-day. The toast was r e pli ed to in a brief speech by Lt. -Col. F. A. Brooks.

7,·.-" Th e chairman also proposed the Prince of Wales Corps , and in r e ply Assist.-Com. S . H. Vilven said that it was the 14th dinner t.hey had held, and he felt sure it was a good thing for the district to have these social gatherings were th e y met under conditions of no restraint.

The "Visitors" was proposed by Dr. C. J. R. MacFadden (district surgeon), and responded to by Chief Constable Billings of the IvIetropolitan Police.

During the evening a very pleasing presentation took

ing has shown that Ptomaines are not in themselves poisonous, and, further that putrid meat is very rarely eaten. The term Ptomaine Poisoning, however, has been in use so long that it is popularly applied still to any illness connected with food.

Illness due to food is practically invariably caused by a toxin, or poison, produced by certain definite bacilliGautner Bacilli, this toxin is highly resistant to h e at, which quickly kills the bacilli thems elves. In the very great majority of cases thp.re is no alteration in the appearance, smell or taste of the affected food, and the first indication of anything wrong is the onset of acute irritant poisoning. Symptoms appear in (orm half an hour to forty-eight hours. The length of the interval depending in the amount of toxin already deposited in the food by the bacilla. Diarrhrea, vomiting, abdominal pain, shivering and a feeling of great weakness are the earliest and most prominent symptoms. In some cases the best First Aid treatment is rest and warmth, while the doctor is being obtained, in

PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS INSPECTION.-COI. Moore passing down the line. though cooking will destroy bacilli and their toxins. Cleanliness in the kitchen will not counteract dirtin e ss in the slaughter house.

There has just been issued by H.M. Mines Dept. a memorandum containing all th e r e gulations in forc e with r egard to rescue work, the schem es of training approved by the Board of Trade, and d e scriptions of the tests for apparatus and men. It is issued for the convenience of all those connected with tha organisation and control of rescue work. The price is 3d. n e t, and copies can be h3.d from any bookseller or Governm e nt Stationery Office, or direct from H.M. Stationery Office, Imperial House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2. Ask for Mines and Quarries Form No. 72, I922, Rescue Work.

petition was confined to the teachings as set out in the official of instruction and render the marking sheets of greater educational value not only to the actual competitors, but also to others by illustrating the practical application of the ir:struction. Some years ago this pra.ctice was followed in regard to certain competitions, but it appears to have fallen into disuse. It is appreciated that there may be some items other than actual treatments for which it might ba difficult to give "chapter and verse" but th e se would fall under" principles" in a general way:

It is the custom for teams who are practising for comp e titions to run over tests imposed in previous comp e tit ions, (oHowing the course of treatm e nt by the official marking sheets and it is for this reason that there is such a d ema nd for th e marking papers of the mor e important competitions, a demand which bas b e en largely met by their reproduction in AID. The educational value of the wide distribution of these marking papers is also appreciated by first aiders other than competitors, and it is apparent that the inclusion ther e on of reference to the

Textbook would materially increase their educational value.

In the more important publications the fullest possible information concerning the tests imposed in both team and individual work should be given on the programmes distributed among the spectators so that the work of the competitors could be intelligently followed piece by piece. This would afford a practical demonstration of first aid work of inestimable value to all witnessing the contests whether they were ambulance men or not, and, if outside the ambulance movement, it should be a means of infusing interest in the work and possibly of obtaining recruits for the ambulance ranks.

The existing method of printing !:J nly the briefest particulars of the t ests on the programmes issued to spectators is worse than useless from the educational standpoint, and it seems a great pity that the national competitions which are open to the public such a unique opportunity of demonstrating the value of first aid work and fostering interest in the movement should be lost.

AID.- October, 1922.

next to nothing is done to enable the spectators-all of whom are interested in the work-to profit by the demonstration. Why should not the fullest possible be placed in the hands of the spectators, the tests in detail? It is suggested that the authontles should go further and not only give the and fullest details of each test, but also furlllsh some educatIOnal notes of the points the tests are designed to bring out. -

It is, of course, appreciated that the tests have to be kept secret up to the time of the arrival of the competitors, but that has to be done to·day and applies to many competitions and examinations beside those connected with the ambulance movement. The waiting teams are kept under lock and key until their turn arrives to enter the competition arena so there can be no reasons against the suggestIOn for a full account of the tests being distributed to the spectators on the score of possible leakage or unfairness to the competitors.

Something ha<; already been said of the need of

October, I922. -FIRST that th e spectacular and educational value of the contests would be considerably enhanced.

If this course was adopted scenery and stage properties could be utilis ed to the fullest advantage. How much better to have a strep.t accident presented with suitable theatrical scenery, and, in s tead of assuming the existence of imaginary policemen to keep back phantom crowds, to have the whole sc e n e as comp letely realistic as possibl e . A competition of this kind would be entertaining and instructive (the present competitions cannot claim to be either). It is further suggested that the competition proceedir.gs might well be inttnpersed by the projection of some of the cinematograph films dealing with ambulance work Such films are in exis tence and the opportunity of showing th em to an appreciative audience should not be lost. Other ideas present themselv e s in connection with the proposal which it is unnecessary to elaborate here.

If our first aid competitions could consist of a couple of hours or so of instructional entertainment it would surely be a in th e right direction. Why not move forward and why not take the opportunity suggestc:d of getting persons now outside the movement to take an interest in first aid work? A lot has been said about a brighter L ondon, why not brighter competition finals? After all the present day competitions are rather fiat and prosy affairs for all but the super-enthusiasts, and they might with a little trouble and effort be made so much more interesting and instructive and a means of getting others interested in the movement.

Probably some of the suggestions that have been presented in these notes will be regarded as revolutionary. They ar e, and it is respectfully submitted that if the movement is to take the place that it merits in the sche.ne of things that revolutionary changes are not only desirable, but also necessary. This is particularly true with regard to competition work. If first aid competitions are to realise not only what is alleged to be their object but also what should be their object, changes are overdue. Now that the reaction that followed th e war is over and a real revival in ambulance work can be recorded, it seems opportune that some real advance sho uld be made in the matter of first aid competitions. We have been too much conservative in this matter in the past.

PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS INSPECTlON.-The Inspection of Ambulance Sisters.

Some interesting views on this subject appeared in these pages after the final of the inter-railway compe-tition in May last when readers commented adversely on existing practice in this connection. The test case for team work was a street accident to an elderly man, in which the age of the ., patient': the surroundings, and other circum· stances indicated to the team, but quite unknown to the spectators affected the treatment, but all that appeared on the programme was the brief statem e nt" The patient has been knocked down by a horse in the suburbs of a large town," a statement which was almost entirely uninformative to the large body of keen ambulance workers present.

It is difficult to understand why the instructional possibilities of these contests have been so long neglected. The object of the ambulance movement is to educate men and women in the application of first aid methods to the inj ured and sick, and yet, when by a selective process of preliminary comretitions, the best expo nents of first aid methods participate in a public competition, in which an imaginary base of personal injury is presented, nothing or

adequate staging of the tests im posed in the interests of the competitors. It is considered that this is also necessary from the spectators poin t of view for the provision of good staging would materially assist the spectators to follow the work of the competitors. It would render the competitions more interesting and more instructive because they would be more realistic. For what it is worth the suggestion is here thrown out that instead of holding the finals of the important competitions in hotels and the lik e (which are considered to be quite unsuited to the requirements), a theatre should be engaged, or better still perhaps, one of the halls used for exhibitions, boxing contests, &c., so that the competitors' work could be mor e closely followed by all the spectators. It should not be impossible to get such accommodation in th e daytim e when the contests are now held. If the idea commends itself the tests could be carefully rehearsed-with all those participating but the competitors-before the event. The" pati ent" and" bystanders" could be trained in the respective roles they have to sustain with the result

AID.-

remedying existing shortcomings and making first aid competitions more valuable to the ambulance cause he will have achieved his purpose.

fettets to the gditor.

We a1'e in no way 1'estGtlsible /01' tlze opinions expresrea, or the statements made, b., Cor1espondents.-EDITOR.

AN APPRECIATION.

In compiling these notes the writer's wish has not been to suggest blame for misdeeds (or lack of deeds) in the past, but to advance the movement which he with other read e rs of FIRST Am has at heart. He has for a long tim e felt that If first aid competitions could only be made more realistic-the tests made to coincide with 9.ctual conditions of human disability that the" first.aider II may be called upon to deal with-it would not only enhance their value, but also secure a greater measure of support from am bulance workers, for the value of the experience and practice which should be inseparable from these competitions is considerabl e. At the same time he has felt, as mlmy others have felt, that our public competitions are to-day rather "hole and corner II affairs. It is in the intnest of the movement that those now outside it should b3 attracted to it and interested in its work. Competitions can be made a means of securing that attention and interest.

The writer does not claim that the ideas contained in these notes are all new or that the views expressed are all original. They are, however, his own, and he knows them to be shared by many others who are anxious to see the movement advance. That is his only apology for putting pen to paper. If any of the suggestions are the cause of

DEAR SIR, -As an Australian Railway Ambulance man I desire to tell you that your J oumal is most useful to us and that it contributed in some degree to the success of our team which last year won the Railways Challenge Shield. We have found especially interesting and instructive the notes contributed by Dr. Corbet Fletcher who is always so ready to help and who is indeed a great asset to the Ambulance Movement. We sug g F.st that you should continue to publish, whenever opportunity presents, the detailed marking sheets of the various Railway Final Competitions, as these are most serviceable to us when we are training for big competitioDs.- With renewed thanks, I am, yours sincerely, Queensland, Australia, August 22nd, 1922.

ROBT. J. JAMES.

FI RST AI D TREATMENT BY BOYS.

DE AR SIR,-I shall be obliged if you will allow me a small space to answer your correspondents re lth e above. I t would appear that I have touched one or two, who are apparently scoutmasters, on the "raw." However, they all evade the point at is!'ue, and quote innumerable cases of first aid in ordinary ac.cidents being efficiently by boy 1 do not dIspute any une of them, my POIDt was, is it In order for boys of 12-14 years of age to tamper with cases of unconscIOUS females when there were nursing sisters and of the S.].A. B. on duty for the specific purpo:.e of attendmg to such cases. should be som e understanding between the scout organIsatIOn and the S.J.A. B on this matter.

Your correspondent who signs himself T.H.R. in the August issue suggests tbat members of the S.J.A.B. replace the inefficient instructors. Yes, but how? In most cases these scout troops are connected with a church, and the would-be instructors are generally shining lights in other things. I am of only I know personally, and repeat, as 10 my letter In the July Issue, that any man teaching first aid either to boy scouts or any other organisation should be compelled to be in possession of an instructor's certificate.

Thanks to your correspondent in the September issue who signs himself, "A boy scout who wishes to become efficient II for pointing out to me that the willingness and enthusiasm of the boy is a live factor. I am quite aware of it. I am also alive to the fact that the boy scout of to-day is the modern young n la n of and is too busy 'Yith other pleasures to take up first aId serIously, at least, that IS my experience in a large city where other pleasures are numerous.

I can a boy scou t, &c., tha t is no jealousy fosterIng a SpIrIt of monopoly, my motto IS in first aid efficiency.

EFFICIENCY FIRST.

When corresponding with Advertisers pleaie mention "First Aid."

Great Central Railway.

The results of the competition for the" Bartholomew" Challenge Bowl Competition which was held at Woodford, on August 26, have been kindly sent to us this month by the Hon. and which we append below:

Dr. H. J. Beddow, of Rugby, judged the individual work, and Mr. F. S. Boulton the Stretcher Test. Result:-

T. Leicester I48i Marks

2 Dukinfield J4 8

3· Gorton Works .. . 4 · Gorton Running DepL 14 6

S· Mexboro 14 0 6. Anneslet 13 61 7· Neasden 133 8 Woodford 127i

Below are the marking she e ts STRETCHER TEST.

Your ambulance team is about to entrain at a small station for duty at a flower show which is being held in a neighbouring town six miles away.

Whilst on the platform you a man seized with a,n epileptic fit and he falls on to lme. You all rush to hiS assistance aad find the convulsIOns have ceased, but he has sustained an abrasion of the head. There are the usual signs of a fractured base of the skull and the patient's right elbow is broken.

Your NO.3 when jumping off platform has sustained a severe sprain of his left ankle and cannot stand.

A passenger train is due in 10 minutes.

The nearest cottage hospital is six miles away.

Deal with the situation as promptly as possible.

No. 1. - How would you proceed to examine an insensible person ?

Respiration-fact of and character

Respiration-as to block \0 air way

Face-pallor or flush Hcemorrhage

Mouth-stains, blood, etc.

N ose-bleedi ng

Ears-fluid, blood

Eyes-bleeding; pupds, size or equality

Head-fractures or bruses of the veins Spine-fracture

No. 2.-What would make you suspect that a person was suffering from the effects of eating poisonous fish?

How would you act in such a case?

Those who have taken the fish (previously well ) will suffer; others escape

purging, colic

great weakness, raised ten,perature, quick

October, 1'122 - FIR ST

L. & N.W.R.-The members of the Curs on-street Ambulance Classes held a very successful outing and competition on September 23rd, when a party of over 70 spent a very enjoyable day together. Leaving New-street by the 9.10 train, on which saloon accommodation had been reserved, the party reached Liverpool, where a short time was spent viewing the principal sights, after which the part} sat down t() an excellent luncheon at the St. George's Hote!' The party was made all the more e njoyable by the presence of th e District Goods Manager, Mr. T. R. Shipley, accompanied by Mrs. Shipley.

Mr. Shipley, presiding at the luncheon, supported by Dr. Belcher, Messrs. C. R. J- Wood ward, F. O. Moore and J. HilyH, spoke of the very great pleasure it afforded Mrs. Shipley and himsdf to be presen t with his Am bulance Staff on this occasion, and in announcing the result of the competition, which had been judged by Mr. C. Belcher, congratulated th e winning captains, Mr. J- W. Weir and Mr. F. G. Shaw, un their success in obtaining first and second places out of the seven teams competing.

AID.-

stimulate the generous efforts of the general public, the idea being that, if tht many give small sums of money annually, the sum-tolal will be appreciable and of real assislance to the voluntary hospitals. Results have proved the wisdom of the scheme; and the has since its foundation c)llected and distributed more than one-third of a million pounds to the hospitals.

In a recently published st!l.tement the officers of the report th'\t during the yeu 1921 they have handed over to the King Edward Fund no less than fifteen thousand pounds, towarJs which the Wanderer's Branr.h contributed Its modest quota of just over on e hundred pounds. As mlny readers of FIRST AID know, the Wanderers Branch was founded five years ago by Col. Blackham and includes, as one would expect, with such a president, a number of enthusiastic Flrst-Aiders, whose membership pledge only entails the that they will try to persU:l.de tw.:!nty p to subscribe at least one shilling per annum to th e League. Is it then too mu:h to hope that other am bulance eo thusi<lsts will follow this lead and join a rn3rry party of well-doers with whom the Editor will be happy to put th':!m into touch?

------.--.-----

No. 3 - The patient has been shot through his right hand. The bullet has fractured his third and fourth metacarpal bones.

There is arterial bleeding

Position of patient Position of injured 11mb ... Temporary means to stop Pads on radial and ulnar artenes Splint-padded

to fix splint

No. 4 -There is a man suffocated by smoke from coal in a room. Bring him from the room and restore breathing by Schaefer's artificial respiration.

Mr. Woodward, who spoke of the many pleasant outings he had spent WIth the ambulance men of Curson-street Station, mentioned the fact that this W3.S the first occasion on which the District Goods Manager had personally accompani :: d th e outing, and he thanked Mr. Shipley on behalf of the staff for his continued interest in the ambulance work, and emphasised the (act that over 50 mem bers of t he party were fully qualified to d e al with any first aid emergency.

Mr. J. E. Matthews, hon. ambulance secretary, on behalfof the m e mbers, thanked the chairman and the departmental chiefs for grant ing the facilities which had enabled the party to be held. He paid a v e ry warm tribute for the splendid work done by Mr. W. T. Rackham and the Outing Committee, whose e xcellt:nt arrangements had secured the maximum of comfort and enj o yment for the party at a minimum cost.

After lunch the party proceeded by ferry to N e w Brighton, where the Tower amusements, promenade <::tc . provided a very enj o yable afternoon. Refreshments we re served on the return journey, and a very happy and satisfied party reached Birmingham at 10 0 p.m.

The League of Mercy.

Slr actic al Sloints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special reference to ,food and bad iJoints in 7 reatment-for inclusion in this Column.

FIR ST-AID WITH EF FICIRN CY.

While playing the game of "last a c ross the road" so popular with some youngsters, a twelve-year-old boy ran in front of a passing motor-car, slipped and fell. Fortunately, a police officer on point duty-well trained 10 the" qualifications" of a First-Aider- saw the accident, realised the danger and acted with commendable" resourcefulness" and "discrimination." For when the boy tried to get up, he issued a short, sharp command to him to lie down. The boy obeyed, kept flat on the ground, and the motor-car passed over him without causing any injury . Truly, as our doctor puts it-It Prevention IS the essence of First-Aid."

USES O F FIRS T-AID

No. 5.- Treat this patient for bleeding from varicose veins in the calf of the left leg.

Give your reasons for the treatment. Position of patient

of leg

When corresponding with Advertisers please meQtion .• First Ald."

THE King ( o riginally the Prince of Wales) Edward Hospital Fund control of voluntary hospItals by d ealing with the distribution of public subscriptions and by receiving annual reports with properly audited accounts. It was founded in 1897 through the efforts of Edward, Prince of Wales, and other public spirit e d men and women who recognised the pressing n t eds of hospitals for financial assistance and still put th t ir faith in voluntary efforts.

Two years later the League of Mtrcy-which is a foundation of the Order of Mercy-was established by Prince Edward to Dromote th e we lfare and (urther the objects of the King Edward Fund, and has throughout its existence sought to excite the personal inten st and to

The Uses of First-Aid are many and various. Not long ago I witnessed an accident in which owing to a runaway horse a man and his coachman were thrown out of a phceton which overturned in the roadway. The master was pitched on to his head and was clearly suffering from slight concussion of the brain, while the coachman escaped all injury and immediately concentrated his attention and efforts on the task of getting the frightened horse under control. Meanwhile two slim-fingered gentlemen quickly picked up the cushioned seats of the pb ce ton which had been thrown into the road a short distance away, and in the general confusion which followed the accident were quietly sneaking away through the crowd whi c h gathered round. Unfortunately for them, we-another First-Aider and I -were exercising ,( observation." So we promptly pounced on them, and re5tored the cushions to the master, who, having by this time recovered consciousness, acknowledged gracefully our timely assistance.

The Newport Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, Priory for Wales, was inspected on October 8th at the Drill Hall by Sir James Andrew Clark, Bart., Chief Commissioner, who was accompanied by the Commissioner fot Wales (Mr. Herbert W. Lewis).

Institute of Hygiene.

HAL F-YEARLY EXAMINATIONS IN HYGIENF. AND ALLIED SUBJECTS.

THE Examining (Education) Board of the Institute of Hygiene give notice that the next half-yearly e xaminations in Hygiene and allied subjects will be held in London and various provincial centres on Saturday, January 13th, 1923 In addition to the examinations for the Ccrtificate (Intermediate) and Diploma (Advanced) in General Hygiene, Certificate and Diploma examinations will be conducted in the following special subjects, any of which may be taken separately ;-

School Hygiene ; Hygiene of the Home; Home Nursing and First Aid ; Mothercraft Food and Diatetics Cooking (and Foods); Physical Training j School Nursing and Health Visiting

Candidates may be of either sex, but those for the Diploma must be over 18 years of age.

Prospectus and syllabus can be obtained on application to the S e cretary of the Institute of Hygiene, 33, D t vonshire-street, London, W.I.

Poem on Poison Cases.

W. C. of Ch e sterfi e ld sends us the following and suggests that first aid stud e nts should commit it to memory :-

Send for a doctor, name the drug suspected, K eep e very c up where po ison is detected

I n every cas e, whatever the po is on be ,

Y ou may gi ve, water, m ilk, raw e g gs or tea.

O ils m ay be giv en, but two ex c ep tions, lie, I n ph os phoru s po ison in g and in S panish fly.

I n every ca s e where staininl:\ is ?tot found, To give emeti cs is both safe and sound.

To mix at on c e, be quick and don't get flustered, Two tablespoonful of salt or one of mustard.

If stains are pre s ent, then proceed with care, And of emet ic s most of all beware

The po ison known to make the patient placid, For alkal ine corros ives, g ve an acid.

An acid swallowed, reverse the matter, And g ive an alkaline to kill the latter.

The acid antidotes in household use

Are table vine g ar and lemon juice.

What alkal ies to g ive need no revealing.

Take whitewash , c halk , or plaster from the ceiling.

In opium poisonin g , he snores like some old Druid.

Give him a teaspoonful of C ondy's flu id.

In c arboli c acid poisoning, to make the patient eas ier, Give h i m two teaspoonful of sulphate of magnesia.

In stry c hn ne, op ium, or where there s long stagnation, Resort to arti fi Cial respirati on.

Colonel Lord Blythewood, chairman of Council of the Scottish branch of the Red Cross Society, is strongly of opinion that Government recognition snould b e given to the medals pres e nted to V.A. D. s and Red Cross workers, and that th ey should be regarded as war medals. Some time ago his lordship wrote to the War Office asking that they should be recognised as official war medals, but up to the present he has had no answer to his letter.

and J\nswet's eot't'espondents.

.:2ueries fDili be dealt fDith under the /o llofDing rules :-

to

r .-Letters containin{, Queries must be marked on the top left hana corner 0/ the envelope "Quer"," and addressed-FIRsT Am, 46, Cantt()n-street, Loncicn, E. C. 4.

2.-All Queries must be accompanied b" a " Quer" Coupon" cut fro1! the current issue 0/ the lournal, or in case of Queries from abroa{ from a recent issue.

Textbook, to which reference ma), be made in these columns is the 36th (I920) Edition of S f.A.A. Manua l of First-Aid.

VA GA RIE S OF E PIL EPSY

S.B. (Bristol ).-Not long ago I had to treat a young chap who was s uddenly overcome, while in the street , by an epileptic fit. For want of" a piece of wood or other hard mater ial" Textbook p. 148), I took o ut of a half- c rown and used this to prevent patIent b ltmg hIS tongue. After ten minutes patient recovered, and I esc o rted him to a moto r -bus in which he could travel to his home. Some two hours later I remembered that my half·cr o wn ha d not been returned; and I concluded that my p a tient wa s d ishonest enough to tra n sfer it deliberately t o his own pocket. Your comment on this ex perience is inv ited.

Sircumstances seem t o justify your conclusion ; but you forget that it is quite po s sible that you r in a post-ep ileptic state -was not fully conscIous of hI S actIons and that, when he d id re c over full control of all h is sen ses, he was pu zz led as to where he g ot the half-crown.

In the Pra c t ical Point s co lumn of FI RST AID for December, 19 18, February & April , 191 9, you will find reports of similar cases, in which patients, recoverin g from epileptic fits at first acted unreasonably and yet, suddenly reco\'ering full' consciousness, proved very grateful for assistance rendered -N. COR BET FLETCHER.

THE CONDUCT OF COM PETITI ONS.

N.D. (South Wales ).-Our team took part recently in a competition which was unique in that it was limited to team work, and that each of the four c ompetin g teams was given a totally different test-piece, the tests being ( I) fracture of spine, ( 2 ) simple fracture of femur, ( 3) fracture of base of skull, and (4) fracture of p e lvis.

M a y I ask you to answer the following queries?

(a) Do you consider this the right way to conduct a competition ? (b) Do you favour mark ng-sheets? (c) Should a doctor let competing teams know their mistakes ?

October, 1922. -FIRST

sheet which the competitors can digest at their leisure after the excitement of the contest has passed.-N.C. F.

FR ACTU RES OF CLAVICLE A ; D HUMERUS.

J. B. (Grimsby ) - Please tell us the correct treatment of a simple fra c ture of clavicle complicated by a similar fr a c ture of upper third of humerus, both fractures being on same side.

The fra c tured arm is presumably the more serious injury (since it s broken fragments might, through careless movements, tear the axillary vessels and nerves ) and demands prior attention in tre a tment. So deal with the fractured humerus in the or di nary way; but in place of the small (or St. John ) sling use a broad band a ge to b ind elbow and forearm to body. Of course , the pad in axilla for fractured clavicle is omitted.

B y thu s keeping forearm at right angles to arm and in conta c t w ith body you avoid risk of aggravating the fractured arm while you promote control of the broken cIavicle.N.C.F.

ACT ION OF PRUS SIC A CID.

W C. ( Chesterfiel d) - I thank you for your answer in August issue to my q uery of above t itle. From it I gather that Prussic ACId p a ralyses the n e rvous system. This surprised me, as I have always be e n of opinion that Prussic Acid exc ites the centres of spinal cord, wh ich consequently require appli c ation of ice or cold water douche to depress them . F ur ther, a nimal s p oi soned by Prussic Acid usually be c ome convul s ed before death ensues. May I ask the favour of y our furth e r comments ?

Most depress a nts - especially if the dose is not a potent one - are pr e ceded by periods of excita tion. Thus, alcohol Ilsually ex c ites before it depresses the brain centres; and I know a lady who be comes neatly excited in response to one or two mild do s es of laudanum.

Your suppos it io n is, therefore, correct; but with ] Prussic Ac id the stage of ex c itement is very, very brief-a few seconds only - and is rapidly followed by profound (and often fatal ) depression of the nerve c entres.-N C.F.

AID - 73

condition the circulation is much retarded, the heart taxed to its uttermost, and the cavities of the heart much congested with blood.

Under such r:ircumstances would it be good treatment to inflict a sli g ht wound in hand or fore a rm sufficient to cause bleeding and so afford relief to the heart?

Your presumption as to the supposed condition is correct. The treatment suggested belongs to " the duties and responsibilities of a doctor )) (Textbook, p. 27 ) and is consequently beyond the scope of First-Aid. As a fact, I doubt if a " slight wound in hand or forearm " would do much good, because, as you say, the circulation is retarded. If blood-letting were indicated in such a case, the doctor would probably withdraw blood directly from a vein. - N.C.F.

T REATMENT OF BU RNS.

E. L. ( Barrow) asks ( 1) What is the strength of Picric Acid solution as used for burns, and (2 ) if it s suitable for an extensively burned area.

( I ) A saturated solution. Th is is made by dissolving It drachms of Picric Acid in 3 ounces of alcohol, which is then diluted with 2 pints of distill e d wat e r. Picr ic Acid was introduced in Franr:e for treatment of burns and its value is said to consist in the c omb ination of antisepti c, astringent and analgesic properties

(

2 ) Yes.-N.C.F.

PHOSP HORUS POI SO N[ ::\'G

E. L. ( Barrow-in-Furness).- The Textbook tells not to give o ils in Phosphorus Poisoning but does not tell us what m a y be given.

Alas! Your statement of facts is not corr e ct; and your "observation" is gravely at fault, as you will find if you read your Textbook p. 155 more carefully. Therein I learn that, after patient ha s been made to vomit, barley water, thin gruel and stron g tea may be given in Phosphorus Poisoning. -N.C.F. OF BRANDY.

SC HAFE R S ARTIEICI AL R ES PIRATION.

F. A ( Hackney). - In a recent competition after describing the four llsual methods Ot artific ial respiration-Schafer, Silvester, Howard and Laborde - I was asked if there was not one other method. After I expressed surprise I was told that Schafer could be carried out with patient on his back, provided that the tongue was secured and pressure made with the foot on the abdomen! !

E. L. ( Barrow ) asks if there is any except ion, named in the Textbook, to the rule forbidding the administration of brandy, &c., to a patient.

Yes - in poisoning by Pruss ic Acid or Cyanide of Potassium (p. 157 ) - N C.F.

(

a ) With four different and dissimilar tests the difficulties of securing an exact standa : d of comparison in team work between competing teams are so great that I would not like to attempt such a ta s k, more especially as such action is almost certain to give rise to suspicion of unfairness.

(b ) Certainly I favour marking sheets? How else can one distinguish the work of competing teams? For myself, I like to establish a low unit and to make this a means of differentiating between the various details of the test, whereby my sheets tend to be long and elaborate.

(c ) Certainly I think that competing teams should have the opportunity of learning any mistakes committed. If they do not, then the educational value of the competition is lost. The judge can point these out in his speech after the competition, or, better still, leave behind him a properly-detailed

May I have your opinion, as in all my 32 years work as an ambulance man I never heard of such a method?

Cheer up! Neither have I in the 16 years which I have devoted to the subject! !-N C.F.

TREAT MENT OF PAR TIAL ASPHYXIA.

W.C. ( Chesterfield ). -A man is found with livid features, still breathing slightly, apparently partially asphyxiated, and almost on the point of collapse. I presume that in such a

U SE OF SME LLIN G SALTS

W.S. ( Langwith) returns thank s fo: answer i? issue to his query on the ot 11'1 Competitions, and agalll emphaSIses hIS th a t a s a c ertificate holder of the S.J.A.A. he IS adVIsed to use smelling salts for certain cOI?ditions, and yet that as a member of the S J.A.B. he IS unable 50. to a ct Brigade Regul a tions do not allow smellmg salts III hIS pouch.

As before, so now my sympathy is you. If I w.ere in your shoes and regarded the use of smellIng salts as of Vital

October, 1922. -FIRST

importance (which I do not, since I have not a bottle of it in my equipment), then I would modify Brigade did the private in the story which I told you 10 the August issue-by carrying a bottle of smelling- salts in my trouser pocket! Then, before each pub ,ic duty I would see that the stopper was not jammed !-N.C. F.

issue of a Supplementary Statute, July 31st, I906" the medal is specially specified as bearing the head of Queen Victoria. The :-.tatute was approved by the then Grand Prior, H. R.H. George, Prince of Wales. He is of opinion by this Statute the head should be shown, and not reversed.

RULES OF DRILLS

G. G. (Cu mllynfell).-l have noticed many teams i.n competition make a common practice to c.hang(' theIr positions. Thus, the team advances on patient Then, as soon as the case is given, Bearer NO.4 takes up the position of No. I, Bearer NO.3 the position of No. &c. Then when loading and transport h av e to be done, the Bearers resume their former positions. Is this legal?

Please be good enough to give your opinion.

Everything depends on wheth er. the competition is conducted on Brigade or under AssoClatlO:1 Rules. I n the Bearers approach in numerical order. Then under BrIgade Rules Bearers Ncs. 2 and 4 advance on patient, while Bearers No. rand 3 prepare stretcher and then remain standing at patient's head and awaiting orders. If the latter are told to assist, no special rule operates, and the bearers carryon as .

Under Association Rules the Bearers take up any posItIOn they like though the man with the best knowled ge of diagnosis and usually takes his position at patient's head. Then the Bearers work tugether in su c h a way th at Bearers No. I' and 3 are released in order to get back and prrpare stretcher. - N. C. F.

WITH H E;\lORRHAGK

C. W. (Sheffield).-ln a recent competition

":,,ere allowed for giving hot drinks of tea, coffee or III a case where arterial bleeding was present, after had recovered consciousness. In your books you advise us to give cold freely in cases, tn withh.old stimulating drInks lest we preczjntate reactzonary bleedzng. Please tell us whether or no you consider it fair to allot marks to this detail of treatment.

Presuming that the was "on. the basis of the Textbook," then I consIder that It was a strIctly correct procedure to allot marks for giving hot drinks to such a patient, because on p. 143. I read .that thIS IS to be doneif patient can swallow, and zj there zs no fear oj uncontrollable bleeding.

You quote my books against the Textbook; but yo.u remember that in these columns I am not concerned prImarily with competition work, and that, when some rare lllstances I differ in opinion from the Tex tboo k IllstructlOns, I set out my personal views. Further, in .t his case y.ou quote my reason for this difference which to me IS all sufficIent from the FIrst Aid standpoint as 'distinct from the rules governing a competition.-N.C.F.

AND DECO RATIONS

G. A. S. (Whitewell) asks-" How should the Brigade Long Service Medal be worn, with the head of the late Queen Victoria showing, or should it be worn with the head reversed ?" He understands the head on all medals of deceased monarch' s are reversed.

Re the Brigade Long Service Medal, as there is a distinction with this particular decoration, i.e., by the

To begin with, you are quite wrong in calling it the "Brigade Long Service Medal." The Supplementary Statute of July 3 [st, 5906, distinctly describes it as the Silver "Service" Medal for conspicuous services to the Order and its Departments.

Furthermore, all medals are worn with the sovereign's head showing. There is n0 ruling laid down to the contrary. Therefore, you should wear your medal with the Queen's head showing. You say that by the issue of a Supplementary Statute the medal is specially specified as "bearing the head of Queen Victoria." All medals are specially specified as bearing either the head of the then reigning sovereign or otherwise. Therefore it is absurd for you to think that becau s e this medal is specially specified that the sovereign]s head should be worn in any other manner but to the front.ED. "F.A."

SALUTlNC.

" N elsonite " asks: No. 1. Which is the h igher rank of the two, Divisional Surgeon or Divisional Supt. No.2. Which of the two is entitled to the salute at the dismissing of a parade.

No. I. Division a l Surgeon. No.2. Superintendent.

The Surgeon is responsible only for medical and surgical work for the Division.

The Supt. commands and therefore dismisses the parade.

If a member of the Brigade sees Rules 8 and 9, page 33 in the Regulations

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A GREAT FIRST AID TO

A WORK that justifies its claim to be an epitome of all that specialised medical and surgical knowledge necessary for First Aiders, as well as an authoritative manual or reference on all information relating to Health and Disease, is a work to be welcomed by all our readers who wish to study their subject more deeply than is possible from superficial text books.

In "The Modern Physician," by Dr. Andrew Wilson, fullest space is devoted to "First Aid" and Ambulance Work. In respect of completeness, accuracy of description and wealth of illustration, "The Modern Physician" stands without a rival amongst the works publisbed on this important subject. It is scientifically accurate and reliable without being dull; the name of its editor, so long and popularly known as an expositor of Health laws and a teacher of Hygiene, is a guarantee of this. This work IS absolutely complete as regards Health and Disease.

As a knowledge of the body in Health is necessary to the due understanding of the body when its functions are deranged by disease, a description of every part of the frame will be found here. The skeleton, muscles, digestive system, heart and lungs, brain and nervous system, organs of sense, skin, kidneys and the body's microscopic structure are duly described. In this connection the illustrations are of particular value, the "mannikins " or dummies more especially; in these the organs are made to overlap each other exactly as they do in the human body.

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Mr. J. DANIEL, Kent Avenue, Ashford, writes:" Its all· round excellence makes it a valuable acquisition. The section dealing with ambulance work is especially good. The book is written in splendid style and the illustrations are first rate. The method of payment places it within the reach of all."

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AID.- October, 1922

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THE BIRTH AND EARLY DAYS OF OUR AMBULANCE TRAINS IN FRANCE - AUGUST, 1914, to APRIL, 1915.

FIRST AID

- AND [THEST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by B. DALE.

No. 34 I.-VOL. XXIX NOVEMBER, 1922.

NOTICE TO

FIRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3S. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement Ot Ambulance Work in aU its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily For oublication) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4.

7 elegrapltic Address.' "Twent1l·jour, London."

7 elepltone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

IN these pages from month to month

The S.J.A. B. are recounted the activities of the various Corps and Divisions of :the S.J.A.B., the news supplied in this respect depending upon the energy and activity of the Corps and Divisional secretaries or other individual members concerned, in consequence of which we are well informed as to the work of some districts, while from others we have very little news

which try new schemes to promote their work or increase their funds, or have other activities wbich have proved a success. It is to these we appeal to disseminate their useful knowledge to others through the medium of their Journal. We think that by this means a great deal of progress could be made, and Divisions which are in a lethargic state would find a means of instilling fresh life in their work.

With this end in view we are commencing in this issue a special St. John Ambulance Brigade supplement, which will be c0nducted from headquarters. This will contain not only the official news of the Brigade but also all other items which are of general interest, and every member of the Brigade is asked to give this section of the Journal their support, for we feel sure that it will not only be a bond of union between Brigade members and headquarters, but will also prove a most powerful means to progress.

Contributions to this section of the Journal should be sent to headquarters through the Commissioners of the various Districts.

AMBULANCE NURSES COATS

All Wool Grey, and Black Serge.

Extra quality materia l. Strictly Lo regulation.

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By "WAGON -L IT." post free. JOHN BALB, SONS 1St OANIELSSON. Ltd 88-91, Great Tltchfield Street, London, W.l. ARMY Stretchers, with Slings, i5 dozen, 105. each.Firth, Wakefield-road, Pontefract.

F OR SALE.-Horse Ambulance, Stretcher and lever for lowering same; coach built panel body; £18 or near offer; illustration stamped envelope .-Wins]acle, I 5, Eaststreet, Farnham, Surrey.

Now is your chance for discrimination. Full sized (bleached ) TRIANG ULAR BANDAGES, suitablE: for competition work. 5s. IId. per dozen, carriag e paid. Be tactjitl and order now; limited quar.tity. -Robinson and Sharples, Werneth Cotton Warehouse, Oldham.

This Journal is devoted to the spreading of am bulance knowledge, and with this object in view we want to make it a representative organ of every branch of the work, and to feel that every reader of each number we issue shall put down the Journal feeling when he has read it that he knows more about First Aid matters in one direction or another and is more entirely in sympathy with those who are seeking to promote the work, apart from the technical side to which we have many able writers kindly contributing to our pages who speak with the authority of experience and of expert study, what is being by the Corps and Divisions is a very important side of the work. There are many Divisions throughout the country

N. e.O's. CLUB, N0. 1. DISTRlcT.-Meeting Thursday, Dec 7th, at 7, 30 p.m., W. H. Smith and Sons ' Club, 1 I, Milford lane, Strand new members invited. Advance notice :-A lecture on the Order of St. John will be given on Thursday, January 25th, 1923, at 7 30 p .m. , in the Chapter Hall, St. John ' s Gate, Clerkenwell, KC., by H. W. Fincham, Esq , F.S.A. (Esquire and Assistant Librarian of the Order), with limelight demonstration by K W. Jackson, Esq.; members are invit e d to bring wife and friends. Particulars from H. J. Palmer, hon. sec., 70, Newington Green·road, London, N. I.

The report of the Bristol Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association for the past year, just issued, states that interest in am bulance work has been well maintained. Twenty classes have been held during the year, showing an increase of five classes on last year sixteen being in " First Aid" (seven for men and nine for women) \lnd four in nursing (one for men and three for women).

The classes all round have contained a greater number of candidates than last year.

There have been an increase of 180 candidates attending lectures, and an increase of 156 passing for certificates and honours compared with last year.

3'he Grand !Priory of the Order of thc }{ospital of St. john of jerusalem in E;ng\<·,"d. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

3'he St. john .Ambulance Srigade.

No. Distric.t COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL DE CE MBER, 1922.

Sunday, 3rd -No. 82 D ivision, Gorrin g e Park.

lOt h.-No. 8 3 orthern Heights. 17th.-No. 84 Twickenham.

24th.-No. 8 5 Ealin g

3TSt. -No 86 Horseferry.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8 30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

THE OFF I C ERS FUND.

It i::; thought that many of the officers recently appointed do not appre ciate the fact that there is an Of?cers Fund to which each officer pays 5s. a year. The Fund IS mamly used for the provision of 'Jands,. and may also be for other purposes if the officers so decide when subsc:lbmg.

This Fund is now exhausted, and It IS hoped that officers who have not yet.subscr ibed for 1922 will send their subscriptions (addressed to Captain Lines, the Treasurer of the Fund) as soon as possible. Postal Orders ?hould be crossed. Subscr iptions are due on January 1St each year.

OBITUARY.

The Lady Maud vVilbraham, O. B E., died on Saturday, October 28 th, after a long illness.

A Memorial Service was held at the C hurch of the Holy Trinity, Sloane-street, and was attended by The Lady Florence Ce c il (si ster ), Lady Perrott, R R.C. ( Lady Superintendent i n Ch ief), the C omm issioner, and a number of ambulance and nursing officers.

( Signed ) W. H. WINNY, Commz'ssz'oner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending news paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers -EDITOR.

No 19 & 53 ( N ) DI VISION S.-The two Divisions of the M etropol tan G a s Co. held their annual S hur c h Parade on O c tober 8t h at t he P a r is h Church, Greenw ic h. The parade was headed by the bu g le band of the Prince of W a le s ' Corps and the Metro g as l\1 il tar y B a nd. The se r mon was preached b y the Rev. Canon J B. Haldane.

On leaving the C hurch the Ambulan ce Div isions marched to the East G r ee nw ic h ::::opartnership I nstitute and took tea in the great hall. Afterwards Captain J. W. But c her briefly addressed the g athering and thanked the Pres ident and the company for the interest taken in th e work of the Divisions.

No. 2 District.

BRI STOL.-The annu a l inspection of the City of Bristol Corps was held at the Drill Hall, Old Market-street (by kind permission of the Officer Commanding 4th Batt. Glos. Regt. ) on October 31St. The inspect ng officer being the Commissioner of the District, Dr. J. S Griffiths, D.L.

The Corps was under the command of Corps Supt. Cotton, M.B.E. The Corps was formed up by Divisions under the foHowing officers: "A" Supt. F W. Bri ce, Officers Warr and Hancock, "C " Supt F. Reed, Banon Hill; Supt. R. Parker, T vtterdown: Supt. L. R. Crew, Officer F. Smith, Bedmimter ; Officers Williams and Horwood, Cl ifton; Offi c er J. S. Moore, Packers; Officer S. Sargent, Redl a nd Supt. A. Cooke, Officers Webb and Usher, Temple Mead Officers Collard and Scott, Lysaghts; Officer M. R. Fair, J. S. Fry's ursing Division; Of5cers Sheppard and Nickless, Lady Supt. Griffiths, O.B.E., Officers Swanston and Phelps, District Sergt. Major A. j. O. Britton, Corps Sergt. Major A. W Lewis.

After inspecting each Division a march past was held, with the saluting base at the centre of the Hall. The members were then tested in first aid work and stretcher drill, after which the Corps was formed up to re ceive the remarks of the Commissioner.

The Commissioner said he was very pleased to be there to inspect them . He was extremely pleased to note the smart appearance of the men, and he could see that by the number of decorations worn by them that they had done their duty for their country. The first aid work was excellent, and by the work done that evening it showed that the Bristol Corps had officers who knew their work.

Corps Supt. A. Cotton thanked the Commissioner for his very k i nd remarks, which he felt sure were appreciated by the members, and said that they al ways were pleased to have their Commissioner Amongst them

After a few remarks from the Corps Secretary, Mr. E. Trott, a vote of thanks was a c corded to the Commissioner, and to the Officer Commanding the 4th Batt. Glos. Regt. for his kindness in lending them the Hall.

The number on parade was 23 officers, 43 N.C.O 's, and 222 rank and file.

The members were dismissed, each one feeling that it was one of the best inspe.ctions held by the Corps.

No. 5 District.

N OTTlN GHAM. - Org-anised by Major H. W. Spaight, L.R.C.P., &c., Corps !:>urgeon and Supermtendent, a course of Five Lectures have been delivered at Headquarters, with pleasurable Interest and g-ratifYlDg results.

November, 1922 -FIRST

severely injured, and lying in such a position that both he and his rescuers would in a few minutes be cut off by the incoming tide. This appropriate test for the men of" the Shire of tht Sea Kings" was watched with great interest by a large gathering which included Assistant Commissioner H. Miller, District Officers T. Perkins and T. Pengelly (county staff), and the Corps and Divisional Officers in the County.

The judges were Major F. W. W. Dawson and Major T. F. Kennedy (members of the staff of the A.D.M.S.). They both very thoroughly entered into the spirit of the work, which greatly added to the value of the competition.

Millbay Railway Division, the holders of the cup again won it} receiving 268 marks out of 300. Newton Abbot Division took second place with 250 marks.

At the close of the Competition, a hearty vote of thanks was passed to tbe Competition-Secretary Ambulance Officer F. Rivers (Exeter), and to the iudges. By invitation of the

AID.- 79

children in our schools in the knowledge of first aid. A Cadet movement for boys and Igirls had been started, and it was getting a firm footmg in the country.

The Earl of Shaftesbury praised all he had seen of the preparations and equipment of the Brigade in Plymouth, and considered it a great pleasure to be allowed to witness such. a fine inspection He was particularly pleased at the manner In which both male and female branches turned out cn parade. He had heard ever since he took office in the Order that Plymouth could give a very good lead to many towns in England. The Earl further said that the Assistant-Commissioner, Mr. Hedley V. Miller, had the whole welfare of the movement at heart, and when Mr. Miller took him round to see some of the ambulance stations, it was splendid to see the zeal and enthusiasm displayed by the workers.

The Assistant District Commissioner, on behalf of the Corps, thanked Lord Shaftesbury. Col. Moore, and the Mayor

Syllabus. 22nd. -First Aid Surgery

Lecturers.

Sept. Sept.

Oct.

Oct.

Oct.

29th.-Food POisons

6th.-Seizures

I'lth.-Tropical Diseases

27th.-Abdominal Injuries

Dr. F. Crooks. Major H. W. Spaig ht. Dr. H. Smith-Wallac e. Dr. A. E. Caldwell. Dr. Y. C. Gre ig. The Lecturers dealt in a most lucid and skilful manner with their subjects

The Wmter Session is being entered upon with Lectures on Fnst Aid, Home Nursmg, Hygiene and SanitatIOn. Competitions for the A. B. Gibson Ambulance Sh ield (presented by ASSistant Commissioner), with the object of creating friendly nvalry and consequently greater efficienoy amongst the participants. Entertainments such as Concerts, Whist Drives, .Presentations and" At Homes. "

In addition to the above by Corps Surgeon and Superintendent Major H W. Spalght, L.R.c..P., a lurther course of Lectures are to be delivered by distinguished specialists.

No. 9 District.

THE DEVON COUNTY COMPETITION. -On October 28th, at the City of Exeter, the Annual County Competition for the Mar r. us Hare Cup and prizes took place. It was the first time the contest had been held s mce the war.

Admirable local arrangements were made by Div.·Supt.

E. A. Bmvden, M.B.E., and members of the Exeter DiviSion.

1 he tests were judged in the historic Exeter GUildhall, the Deputy Mayor presldlOg. For team work the competitors were summoned from the ir" AmbuLlOce StatIOn," and alter donnmg then uniform and equipment had to rush away to the loot of a cliff at the seaside. The patient was found to be

officers and members of the City of Exeter Division the officers present and the six teams partook of tea.

PLYMOUTH.- The annual inspection of the units of the Plymouth area took place at the Drill Hall on 8th November.

Col. G. A. Moore, C.M.G., D.S.O., the Deputy Chief Commissioner, was the inspecting officer. He was accompanied by the Mayor and Mayoress (Ald. and Mrs. J. F. Winnicott) and Lord Shaftesbury, Director of Ambulance Department. There were about 200 'lmbulance men and 100 ambula:lce sisters on parade.

Col. Moore,'after making a careful inspection, received the salute during the march past. He was then given a demonstration of first aid work, and expressed himself as being delighted with the smartness, zeal and efficiency shown by the members. Recuits, he said, were wanted tc swell the ranks and increase the numbers, and he thought it a good idea to educate the

and of Plymouth for attending and giving so mu( h encouragement to the movement. The Mayor also thanked his lordship for coming there that evening and mentioned that he had many opportunities, in connection with his civic life and with the South Devon and East Cornwall Hospital, of the Corps in serious action and could attest to its efficiency on behalf of the people of Pl y mouth.

A certific a te was awarded to Pte. W Smeeth in recognition of valuable services rendered during the Great War; and the Brigade Long Service Medal to Supt. M. Lush, the presentations being made by Col. Moore. Officers Warrants were presented by the Earl of Shaftesbury.

During the evening, the newly-formed Ambulance Corps Band very ably rendered selections composed by the bandmaster and conductor, Mr. Gordon Brown, and prayed during the march past, led by Drum - Major Luckham.

Among those present were Col. Bertram ( A D. M.S.

By collrl esy] [Copartners hip jtJ u rlla / The Church Parade 0, the No. 19 and No. 53 (N) Divisions, Prince of Wales's Corps.

FIRST AID.-

Wessex Division, Territorial Army), Lieut.·Col. J. P. S. Ward (County Surgeon), Dr. H. C. Vellacott (Corps

Mr. W. G. Payne (rhairman of Central Finance Committee), Mr. J. H. Beckly (Chairman of Central Committee), District Officers T. Perkins and T. Pengelly (Devon), and Mrs. Pethybridge (Lady District Officer for Devon).

Corps Supt. T. Hitchcock was in charge of the parade.

No. 10 District.

After the digression of enthusiasm as the after effect of the War, a great effort has been made in the district to create a stimulus in all Divisions, also starting new Divisions. First Aid classes have been arranged in various villages as we see the necessity of a knowledge of First Aid in the rural districts. The Commissioner, Major J. F. C. Hossack, and his staff have visited the following Divisions :-I pswich Divisions, viz.: First, St. Johns, Orwell Works, Social Settlement, Gippeswyk and G.E.R ; also Lowestoft, Manningtree, Ware, Hertford, St. Albans City, Tring and Hitchin, the remaining Divisions will be visited in due course, and we are expecting increased vitaiity in the near future as a result of these visits.

Norwich is now completing a large First Aid class, the outcome of which undoubtedly will be a strong Division in that City.

Reviews.

FIRST AID X-RAY ATLAS OF FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS.

By H. COrrin, O B E., F.R.C.S.(Ed.).

London: Ball iere, Tindal and Cox, 8, Henrietta-street, Covent Gal den, W.C.2. Price 3s. 6d.

In we welcomed Dr. Orrin' s X-Ray Atlas 0/ th e Arten es. In lIke manner we are favourably impressed by his X -Ray Atla s of Fractures, &>c., which satisfies a long-felt want of keen ambulance students and is worthy of a place in all First-Aid libraries side by side with its predecessor.

The Atlas is .well printed on good paper, includes an Illustrated descrIption of the skeleton, and contains 18 excellent photographic plates, each of which presents both the normal and the abnormal-that is, after accident-appearances of bone or joint. In several places, however, we note that under treatment the author gives instructions markedly different from those of the Textbook. Where this difference occurs we emsupport the Textbook for examples: advises agaznst attempts to plug the ear With fractured base and does not recommend long external splints for fracture of pelvis. Apart from this, the book is an excellent one and should have a long and useful career before it.

THE RESCUE MAN ' S MANUAL.

By Arthur B. Cl ifford, M S.M.,

London: Colliery Guardian Co., Ltd., 30 Furnvival-street, E.C A. Price IS.

This. is a very handy and most useful guide for those engaged In Work at Collieries, and is based on the personal experience of a lay expert Above all things it is a pract ical of what -to-do and what -not - to-do both at the time when aC":ldents occur and afterwards' and not the least serviceable of its sections is the last which'is made up of four pages of" Don'ts."

The contains a description of various breathing In common use; but to us It does not sufficiently the need ?f the Rescue Man being (and keeping) profiCient In performIng Schafer s method. By the way we would point out that with the latter pressure should be

November 192:2.

on the loins and not on "his five lower ribs," and that for its efficient performance, five (not four) seconds must be devoted to each complete movement.

J\mbulance News euttings.

Tlz e Edito r in vites 1'e ader s to seu d lleW Spap e1' cuttiug s on mat t ers of in t eres t to? this co ltm1t,

RUNAWA Y THRILL.

A horse attached to a four-wheeled vehicle bolted along Epping New Road near Warren Wood. P.C. Allen sprang at the animal's head, but was hit on the chest by one of the shafts, and fell.

Regaining his feet, he jumped on a motor-cycle, and caught up the runaway. He gtipped the near side of the cart, but the horse swerved, and he lost his hold. He then got into a motor-car, and on reaching the horse, jumped on its back and stopped it, near 'Woodford Police Station.

One of the occupants of the car, Charles Bertram, aged 70, was thrown out and injured.-Police Chronicle.

A:'IBUL ANCE DELAY.

At an inquest held by the Poplar coroner on Roland Jamieson, aged 30, engineer'S fitter, who died from injuries received in the explosion of a gas engine, it was stated that the injured man lay upon the floor of the engine room for an hour before the ambulance arrived.

The explosion occurred about three .),clock in the morning, and when the Barking Council ambulance was called, because the East Ham vehicle was broken down, it was replied that the Barking regulations would not permit the ambulance to attend outside the district, even though payment was assured.

Finally the Ilford ambulance was prevailed upon to attend upon a promise that the cost would be defrayed. I n the meantime, the man who had recovered consciousness, smoked a cigarette while waiting. The coroner said it was an extraordinary action on the part of the Barking Council ambulance officials and intimated his intention of going further into the matter.-Evenz'n,R Standard.

ARTIFICIAL R ES PIRATION By REL AYS.

For 40 hours 40 men in relays kept alive by artificial respiration Mr. Matt Postlethwaite, 31, a member of the Keswick, Cumberland, Rugby Football Club, who had his neck broken while playing for Keswick at Windermere

Dr. Holroyde told a Daily Mail reporter that he was called to the case at 3.30 on Saturday afternoon, and Mr. Postlethwaite was kept alive until 7.15 in the morning. His breathing was paralysed, but throughout the 40 hours the 40 helpers, mostly members of the St. John Ambulance Bri ga?e, .once relinquished. their efforts in applying artificial respiratIOn. If they had given up for only 10 minutes the patient would have died. Throughout he never once on his own. It .was a dread,fully pathetic sight, partIcularly as he was conscIous all the time and understood all that was said to him.

Dr. Holroyde and Dr. Somervell performed the operation of raising the to see if the vertebr re were broken. Only a local an a= sthetlc could be used and throughout the operation artificial respiration had to be maintained.

This record of keeping life going for 40 hours by artificial on the field and afterwards kept up contmuously at the doctor s surgery-is unique in the annals of Medical History.-Dairy Maz·l.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention First Ald."

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE aAZETTE.

St. John Ambulance

Brigade Supplement.

THE Chief Commissioner of the Brigade having been pleased to accept the kind offer of the publishers of FIRST AID AND ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE to allocate four pages of the Journal monthly as a Brigade Supplement, starting this month, it is hoped that interesting Brigade news will in future be submitted to the Headquarters, London, not later than the 1st of each month for insertion in the space allotted.

The Commissioners of the Brigade Districts have been asked to supply for publication matters of Brigade interest affecting their District.

All Divisions are invited to submit articles of interest to their Commissioner, but it cannot, however, be guaranteed that all matters submitted will be published, owing to the limited space of the Suppleillent, but all subjects which are received at Brigade Headquarters will be carefully considered and select e d. It is hoped that it will be found possible in the near future to set aside a certain portion of the Supplement wherein one Division may be able to compare notes with other Divisions by the relation of their experiences in Brigad e matters, and questions and answers.

"If It's Worth Doing, Do It Well!"

THERE are many men and women who have given their time and money to the study of First Aid and Home Nursing, and having obtained the Certificates have been satisfied to rest on their laurels. They have lost sight of the fact that to retain the knowledge which they have gained they must not put their First Aid books on the shelf, and expect to be able to place their knowledge to advantage when cases arise on unforeseen occasions. A housewife who desires bright brass work must be continually polishing it up, and so with First Aiders, who to be of practical use on all occasions, and at all times, must be continually polishing up what has been and is now bc:ing taught.

The St. John Ambulance Brigade gives all Fint Aiders the opportunity of practising and keeping efficient, and it cannot be too forcibly impressed upon those who do belong to the Brigade the necessity of regularly attending their drills and practicts, and submitting themselves annually for re-examination in First Aid to allow of their knowledge being tested.

A bridge which is not cared for will become useless,

and perhaps be the means of a catastrophy; so with knowledge. Every member of the Brigade wearing the honoured and well known uniform has a tradition to uphold, and he or she must see that they put their drills and practices to the fore and maintain their efficiency, and not, by their indifference to these, become inefficient-not only inefficient so far as the Brigade regulations are concerned, but inefficient in their knowledge of First Aici-causing those who place their trust in the efficiency of the Brigade to find that their faith has been misplaced and possibly aggravating the condition of those they may be called on to assist.

The Brigade uniform is the mark of efficiency in ambulance work; let no lack of enthusiasm in the work on the part of any mem ber belittle it.

It should always be remembered that nearly all large things have small beginnings, and the public esteem which the Brigade has obtained is the work of the pioneers, men and women who were not only asked to give time to keep themselves efficient, but had to substitute years of pleasure for hard work to lay the foundation stone of the organisation of which we are all proud to be members and honoured to be allowed to wear its uniform.

Practice makes perfect; see that you are an efficient First Aider, thereby carrying out the noble example set by the Brigade pioneers, some of whom are still fortunately holding commands in the Brigade, infusing into the new members the spirit of self-sacrifice, which is one of the characteristics of a First Aider.

H. J. W.

Observations.

Form B.F.4 must not be used for Service Badge applications. Form B.F.4a is the correct form.

The staff sergeant who is wearing a sling to his belt should read B.O.338; slings are not worn.

The sergeant who is wearing his stripes on the overCOlt with point of chevron towards the shoulder should note that the point of the chevron should be toward the cuff.

Div isional Secretaries who have recently writing for forms B.F.8, B.F.9 and B F.14 should note that B.F.8 and RF.14 have been abolished and replaced by RF.7, and B.F.9 by RF.4a.

The Division which recently held a house to house

AID

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. - November, J 922.

collection should note that house to house solicitations for funds are forbidden. S ee B,O.z6I, or Amendments to Brigade Regulations (19 21 ), p. 4.

The officer in charge of the Division who recently allowed some of his members to turn out for Church Parade wearing baversacs should note that haversacs are not worn at Church Parades. See Brigade Regulations, p. 42, Dress Orders.

The member recently excused the re-examination by his officer must see that arrangements are made for his reexamination before the end of the Brigade year, as only the Chief Commisioner has the power to permanently exempt a member from the re-examination.

The Divisional Secretary who, by virtue of that appointment, is wearing the letters "H.S." above the chevron should note that the letters must be affixed in the centre of the chevron. Sergeants on the establishment do not wear the letters "H.S'''1 which stand for "Honorary Sergeant" not" Honorary Secretary."

Officers in charge of Divisions and Divisional Secretaries who have recently written to the Chief Commissioner for the re-examination to be arranged are asked to read B.0.305 Arrangements for the re-examinations must be made through the Assistant Commissioner in charge of the County, or where an Assistant Commissioner has not been appointed, through the Commissioner.

Interesting Items.

There were 29 ( on parade at the recent inspection of the Bristol

A dance organised by the Chesham Division (Bucks) secured over £28 for Divisional funds.

IS officers and 240 other ranks attended the annual Church Parade of the Dunston Division.

Major Lionel de Rothschild, M.P. for Mid Bucks, has presented a Silver Cup to the Aylesbury Division for competition amongst squadc; of that Division.

The "Raynor" Cup and Gold Medals were by the Mitchell Main Division at the annual competltlOD') held in the Colliery School, 2 teams competing.

Millbay Division secured the" Marcus Hare" Challenge Cup, open to all Divisions of the Brigade in Devon, at the competitions held at the Exeter Guildhall.

By way of recognition of the duty performed during the Preston Guild week Lady Hollins gave a cheque of £5 00 towards the Headquarters Building Fund of the Preston Corps.

The County Challenge Shield, presentrd by the Mayors of Bucks, open to teams from Ambulance Divisions of the Brigade and men's V.A.D.'s, has been won two vears in succession by the ';Yolverton Division.

Five motor am bulances have been allotted by the Home Service Ambulance CGmmittee to Divisions of the Brigade at Aylesbury, Buckingham, Chesham, High Wycombe and Slough, in the County of Buckingha[J1.

A member of the Slough Division has presented a Pewter Bowl for competition amongst the members of the Division. A competition is held every three months, and the member gaining the highest points holds the bowl for that period.

The Mid Durham Corps with the Corps Band attended a Church Parade at Durham Cathedral on Sunday afternoon, October 1St. The Dean preached a special sermon on the Order of Sl. John, and the collection was in aid of the Corps. The Commissioner and his District Staff were present.

Recent Brigade Flag Days held by the undermentioned Corps and Divisions realised the amounts shownBorough of Reigate Corps £ 66

Blackburn Division 126

Ashford Town Division 9 2

North Durham Corps 75

On the recent unveiling of the Ashton-under-Lyne War Memorial by General Sir Ian Hamilton, the platform erected for spectators against an old building in course of demolition collapsed as the ceremony was about to commence and the occupants were thrown to the ground below. Members of the Ashton-under-Lyne Division, who were on duty, extricated the men from the debris and conveyed them on stretchers to neighbouring houses, where the minor injuries were attended to, the only two serious cases being conveyed in the ambulance to the Infirmary.

Owing to the forethought of the officer in charge of the Division, ambulance men and sisters were on duty in large num bers and were able to render valuable aid on the spot.

This accident demonstrates how necessary it is to make adequate ambulance arrangements in all cases where crowds are assembled.

Field Day at Wallsend.

A M0ST interesting and instructive Field Day was held in the grounds of The Hall, Wallsend, by kind permission of the Mayor and Corporation, under the auspices of the North Tyneside Corps and North Durham Corps.

Contingents of ambulance men, sisters and cadets were present from Wallsend, Willington Quay, Howdon, Percy Main, Whitley Bay, Springwell, Felling, Low Fell, Gateshead, Dunston and Hebburn, under the command of Corps Supt. H. W. Clothier.

The varioU3 DivisiOn!! assembleci at the railway station and marched through the town to the rendezvous, where

November, [922

- FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

the Commissioner inspected the arrival of the contingents and took the salute.

The scheme of operations for the day was as follows:

The North Tyneside and North Durham Corps are attending an inspection when, just before the inspecting officer a rrives, information is rtceived that a serious rail way accident has occurred in a long and deep cutting about a quarter of a mile distant. The line is badly damaged by floods and trains cannot get within 10 miles of the scene of the accident for 24 hours, and then only to a point some distanct! away, which can only be approached by a very steep embankment. It is 30 miles to the nearest infirmary. No building is near at hand but a tent is available for a rest and dressing station. The possibility of motor transport and medical assistance is doubtful.

The 2 officers, N.C. O. 's, sisters, and men present, quickly got to work and efficiently rendered first aid to the many" sufferers," and conv eyed them to the temporary dressing station where the sisters attende d to their needs and gave such comforts as could be procured in the emergency. When all the patients bad been made as comfortable as was possible under the circumstances they resigned themselves to waiting for the t'ain and the interval the workers pntook of tea which was kindly provided by the ladies of Wallsend.

At 5 45 p.m. news was received of the arrival of the tralO to convey the injured to the nearest infirmary an d the work of evacuating of station was promptly carried out. WhEn the stretcher parties arrived at the train they found themselves faced with an apparently insurmountable barrier in the shape of a very steep em bankment, about 40 feet high, up which it was impossible to carry a stretcher. To overcome this difficulty, resource was had to a d f' vice known as the "Human Conveyor" which, by the way, was used on the Gallipolr Peninsular. It was carried out as follows :-A double file of all the available spare men were mar ..: hed up the em bankmpnt so as to form a l im: extending from the top to the bottom ; they faced inwards about a yard apart and when th ey had obtained a secure foothold the loaded stretchers wer e passed up to the top with comparative ease and sec.urity, the stretch ers, of course, being kept in the hori zon tal position. At the conclusion of the work the various divisions were form ed into a hollow square and addressed ty the Mayor of Wallselld, who spoke in eulogistic t e rms of the work he had seen done and said that as an old student of First Aid, and one who had devoted much time to its propaganda he was delighted to see so much display t d in this self-sacr ificing voluntary duty WhICh was of such great value to the community in general. The Commission e r expressed his satisfaction at what he had seen and congratulated those concerned upon the excellent arrang e ments which had been so carefully carried out.

Appointments, Etc.

OCTOBER, 1922.

The Chie f Commissioner has sanctioned the followillg appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

No I DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

Corps Officer Sydney James Warren to be District Officer, 6. [I.22

No. 33 (Bermondsey and Walworth) Surgeon E. W. Herrington attached to the Colchester DIVIsion, No. 10 District, 13.10.22

No. (Chilure n 's Home Nursing) Division.-Lady Supt. ::vriss B. Bourke resigned. 24.10.22

Lady Ambulance Officer Edith N. Bourke to be Lady DIVIsional Supt., 30.10.22

No. 14 (C ra ig's Court) NurSIng Dlvlslon.-Lady Ambu lan ce Officer Miss M. B ird resigned, 1. I 1.22

No. 46 (IIfore!) Division.-Edgar William Whiting, M.B. M.R.C.S., L.R.c.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 19.10.22

No. IS (Ilford ) Nursing Division.-Ambulance Si!:>ter Eva Stenning to be Ambulance Officer, 4.10.22

No.2 (St. John's Gate) Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Grace Mary Webber to be Ambulance Officer, 21.9.22

No. 28 (Harrow and Wealdstone) Division.-Divisional Surgeon D. Barton resigned, 2.11.22

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Nursing Corps (Handsworth Nursing Division).-Lady Ambulance Officer F. Horton transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 30.8.22

Ambulance Sister Florence Ada Yeomans to be Lady Am bulance Officer, 17. 10.22

Birmingham Nursing Corps (Smethwick Nursing Division).- James B. Pitt, L.S.A., to be Divisional Surgeo n, 18.1022

Birmingham Nursing Corps (Southern Nursing). Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. WhItfield resigned, 13. ro.22

Higham Ferners NurSing Dlvlslon.-Lady Supts Mrs Patenall and Mrs. QUInney transferred to the Brigade Res erve, 2. I I.22

Peterborough Nursing Divis ion.-Lady Supt. Mrs. J. Perkins transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 2. 1.22

Peterborough Dlvision.-Divisional Surgeon and Supt. W. P. Bonner resigned, 1O.rO.22

John Perry-Walker, M. B., Ch B., to be Divisional Surgeon and Supt., 4 10.22

Northampton Corps (Spencer Nursing Division).-Lady Am bulance Officer A. Nobles resigned, 13.1022

Ambulance Sister Clara Emtly Fox to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 299.22

Dudley and District Corps ( Stourbridge Division).Leslie Roberts, M.D " to be DiVIsional Surgeon, 19.10.22

Wellingborough Corps (Rushden Division).-Supt. T. Swindall transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 24.10.22

Wellingborough Corps.-Staff Sergeant John William Francis to be Corps Sergeant Major.

No. 4 DISTRICT.

Birkenhead Corps.-Divislonal Supt. James Cotter to be Corps Officer, 17.10.22

Bolton Corps (H eadquarters Nursing Division).-Lady DivislOnal Supt. Mrs. Pendlebury reverted to Ambulance Sister at own request, 3I.ro 22

Bredbury and Romdy Division.-Harold Douglas Wallace, M.B, Ch.B.) to be Division"l Surgeon, 27 .10.22

Burnley Divlsion.-Ambulance Officer Ellis Green\' ood to be Divisional Supt., 17.10.22

Caine Division.-James Baird Aitken, M.B., Ch.B., to be D ivi sional Surgeon, 25.9 22

Dukinfield Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

N. Walker resi g ned, 3I. IO .22

Liverpool Corps (B .A.T. Division).-William Edward to be Divisional Supt., 11.10.22

Lytham Nursing Division.-Lady Supt. Mrs. E. Eastham transferred to the Br igade Reserve, 26.10.22

Macclesfield Divlsion. -Supt. ]. Bingham transferred from Brigade Reserve to be Supt., 26.1O

Oldham Corps (EqUitable Dlvlslon).-Sergeant Nowell Cochrane to be Divisional Supt., 6.1 1.22, vice Dr. W. Oliver resigned Super int endentship.

Northwlch Division.-Sergeant Cha rles Harrop to be Ambulance Officer, 3 11.22

NO.5 DISTRICT.

- FIRS'!' Alb & TaE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. - November, 1922.

South Ashford Division.-Divisi0nal Surgeon R. Nichols resigned, 16.10 22

Bradford Corps (Bradford City Division). - Supt. E. Thurman transferred from the Br.gade Reserve to be Ambulance Officer, 2.9.22

Bradford Corps (Bradford Co-operative Nursing Division ). -Ambulance Siner Alice Gertrude B edford to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 3.10.22

Cleethorpe and D ist ric t Division.-Ambulance Officer T. S inderman resigned, 26.10.22

Dewsbury and District Corps (Ravensthorpe Divison).Ambulance Officer Moses France to be Divisional Supt., 20.10.22

and D ist rict Corps.-Divisional Surgeon

Daniel Craig, M.D., to be Corps Surg eon, 14.1 0.22

Hanley and District Corps (Hanley Division ).-Kingsley

Inman, M.C., M.B., Ch.B., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 16.10.22

Nottingham Corps (C entral Division ).-Di visional Surgeon F. Crooks transferred from Carrington Division, 25.19. 22

Nottingham Corps (P ortland Dlvision).-Samuel John Watt Donald, M.B., Ch.B., B.A.C., to be Divisional Surgeon, 11.10.22

Nottingham Corps (Ra dford Division ).-PI ivate Alfred Paxton to be Am bulanc.e Officer, 9. ro. 22

Rotherham Corps (Thurcroft Main Colliery Division).Spencer L. Kemp, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 3- ro.22

Fred Mottershead to be Divisional Supt., 3.ro.22

No. 6 DISTRICT.

Dawden Colliery Div isi on.-Supt. G. Wakefield resigned, 26.10.22

Derwent Valley Corps (C hepwell Division ).-Sergeant

Thomas McNeill to be Divisional Supt., lI.10.2 2

Derwent Valley Corps (Consett and District Division ).-

William John Fi t zg eral Mayne, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 5.10.22

Houghton-Ie-Spring Nursing Div is ion .- Lady Ambulance

Officer Emily Robinson to be Lady Divisional Supt., 3.10.22

Hull Corps (Arg-yle D ivisio n ).- Ambulance Officer Albert

Edward Atkin to be Divisional Supt., 28.ro.22

Hull Corps (W estern Nursing Division).-Ada L. Gray to be Lady D ivisional Su pt., 28.9.22

No. 7 DISTRICT.

Madeley D ivis ion.-Lady Supt. Miss Guy deceased, 3I.1O.22

Shrewsbury Corps (Town Division).-Norm a n Jeans, M.R.C.S., to be DiviSIOnal Surg-eon, 5. 10.22

No. 9 DISTRICT.

Newton Abbot Corps.-Ernest Edward Young to be Corps Officer, 24.10.22

Divisional Surgeon L. G. de Granville resigned, 13.10.22

Redruth Division. -Am bulance Officer Silas Henry Jame s to be Divisional Supt., 24. ro.22

Sergeant William Lanyon to be Ambulance Officer, 30.10.22

Friary Division. -B ertie Francis Pearse to be Divisional Supt., 24.10.22

No. 10 DIS TRICT.

Ipswich Corps (O rwell Works Division ).-Ambulance

Officer R. Ellis resigned, 26.10.22

Ambulan ce Offi ce r Wilfred George Duncan Last to be Div isi onal Supt., 2.10.22

Ipswich Corps ( St. John's Division ). - Corporal William Lambert to be Ambulance Officer, 26.10.22

No. II DISTRICT.

Hastings D ivi sion.-Sergeant Henry Campbell Fueggle to be Ambulan ce Officer, 10.10.22

No. 12 DISTRICT.

W. Jacobs & Co., Ltd., Division.-Private George Shackleton to be Ambulance Officer, 22.10.22

Kingstown Nursing Division.-Alfred Merrin, F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 27.10 22

NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :-

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Windsor Railway Divis ion.-Sanctioned, 31.10.22

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Askam-in-Furness Division.-Provisionall registered, 26 10.22

Liverpool South Division.-Sanctioned, 10.10.22

NO.6. DISTRIC T.

Willington Quay C adet Division. -Sanctioned, 3.10.22

NO. 9 DISTRICT

Weymouth Division.-S a nctioned, 1. T 1.22 Friary Division. -S anctioned, 24. ro.22

No. II DISTRICT.

Addiscon:be Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 3.1 J.22 Hither Green Cadet Division.-Sanct ioned, 26.10.22

DEATHS.

Supt. Sebright, No. 13 (Ki ng 's Cross Division ), J 3.10.22

Lady Supt. Miss G uy, Madeley Nursing Division, 13.10 22 JAMES R. A. CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

During October 6 YA.D. members were posted to Ministry of Pensions Hospitais.

The Residential Club at 90 and 92, Cromwell-road is now practically ready for the accommodation of trained nurs e s and V.A.D. members.

The Club is most comforlably furnished, and every effort is being made to ensure the well-being of the residents.

It is proposed to reserve some rooms for ladies passing through London, who only require temporary accommodation, as well as for those who wish to become permanent guests.

It is hoped to open the Club almost immediately, and further particulars will be given in our next issue.

Applications for accommodation should be made without delay.

We regret to announce the death of Miss Alice Medeleine Bulleid, of Devon 86.

November, 1922. -FIRST

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

EDITORIAL-

The S.J.A.B. DISTRICT REPORTSNo. I ; No.2; NO.5; o. 9

Ko 10

REVIEWS-

Firs Aid X-Ray A tlas of F ra c ture and Dislocation

The Rescue Man's Manual

AMB ULANC E NEWS CUTTINGSRunaway Thrill

Ambulanc e Delay

Artificial Respiration by Relays

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTESt. John Ambulance Brigade Supplement.

.' If It s Worth Doing, Do It Well !"

Observa tions

Interesting Items

Field Day at Wallsend

Appoin tments, &c .

V.A.D Notes and News

Breviti es

S.J.A.B. Cadet

The Leo McLagla n System of Resuscitation

LETTERS TO THE EDITORAn Unsig ned Letter

Preston Guild Week

Brigade Drill Manual

The League of Mercy

PRACTICAL POINTS-

Death from Strychine Poisoning

First Aid with Efficiency

First Aid with Persev eran ce

G. \V.R. Gold Medallists at Western-super-Mare

Fi rst Aid with the Ceylon Police

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

Simple Fractures of Ribs

Compound Fracture of F emur

Bleeding from Tooth Socket

Treatment of Compo und Fracture of Leg

Effects of Asphyxia

Asp h yxia with H re morrhage

Transport of Fract 11red Pelvis

Treatment of Burst Varicose Vein

Com pet ition Marking Sheets

Com pound, Complicated Fracture of the Jaw

Treatment of Iodine Poisoning

Stimulants with Hcemorrhage

Varic ose Veins

AID.-

petitions, commencing 1923. They have also amended Regulations with r ega rd to individual work which provide that no competit o r shall be judged exclusively by means of a viva voce test. It will be within the recollection of our re a ders that FIR ST AID has advocated th e four-men competition for some years, i.e ., that the or patient" shall not be a member of the t ea m, and preferab ly not a trained ambulanc e worker, and that suggestions have appeared in these pages for the elimination or amendment of oral tests 10 First Aid competiti On<;.

*-¥-*

The Metropolitan Asylums Board have rec ently placed upon the London streets a new and much improved motor ambulance. It accommodates two str etche r or two SlttIng patients. An improved method of loading and unloading is adopt d and the stretchers are supported on springs to prev ent vibration. Any temperature can be main ta ined in th e vehicle which is heated by exhaust gases from th e engine. It is efficien tly VEntilated and electrically lighted. Th e new vehicle is more hygenic, more silent and fas te r than those hitherto in us e and in fact represents the" la"t word " in motor ambulance construction. It is understood that twenty vehicles of the new typ e, which is design ed by Major H uddart, are under construction.

Last year the Board's am bulanc e s made 66,000 journeys, r an 940,000 miles and remov e d 113,800 patients in the London area.

At a meeting in Lond on rec ently of the Incorporated Vermin Repression Society, a speaker esti mated that Gr ea t Britain's rats cost her £42 per minute. Without knowing the data on which tbis figure is based it is imp ossib ie to give an opinion on its accuracy. There is no dou bt, how.;ver, that rats are very expensive and sometimes very dangerous guests. A method of rat repression that h as met with considerable succ ess in rec e nt year:; is one based on the method d e vised by Rodier for the reduction of the large rabbit population in Australia. Rodier kill e d all th e does he could c apture and th e bucks he rel ea s ed. ***

Brevities.

APROPOS of the interesting series of articles which have appeared recently in this Joumal on the subject of "Some Suggestions for Improvements in First Aid Competitions," we learn that the Great Western Railway Company have decided to adopt th e four-men team in their annual com-

N ow there are certain res e mblanc e s in the habits of rabbits and rats from which it might be expected that this method, succ es sful in th e one case, would su cceed al so in the other. In both cas e s the males are in excess, the usual proportion, in the case of rats, being 10 males to 3females. The fathers, in both instances, show a tendency to eat their own offspring, especially when the proportion of males is increased Thus Rodier's me t hod, by encouraging cannibalism and by forcing the females to compete for their food supply with an excess of vigorous males, is a powerful deterrent to succes s ful bree ding. If this method is to succeed it is clearly of importance that th e food supply should nut be unlimited and the method is therefore subsidiary to and not a substitute for the proper rat-proofing of warehouses, etc.

AID.-

S.J .A. B. Cadet.

WE have heard for months past of the expected arrival of a son and daughter born of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. We are now able to announce that not only has the son arrived but we rejoice to learn that he is already breeched and soon will be marching to the skirl of pipes, and the stirring music of brass and bugle bands through streets of the principal towns, behind the men of the present brigade, learning to follow in their footsteps and <:arry on the good work, when those of us are passing into the ranks of the " Boys of the Old Brigade."

We have had, too, a sight of the smart frocks and other garments which are being prepared for Miss "St. John" and should not be surprised if we shall be able to present to our read ers next month a picture of this young lady in all the glory of her uniform, as we now do that of Master" St. John." Now that it is an accomplished fact, one is inclined to wonder why it was not done before, but there have been good reasons, one of which we understand was that the Brigade is fully alive to the fact that young people are not :strong enough to undertake the arduous duty which has often to be met such as lifting and carrying injured and sometimes insensible people. The watchword for the Cadet is U BE CAUTIOUS!"

The birth of the Cadet movement is due to the new life which is undoubtedly appearing in Brigade circles, and as we know that the age limit for joining the Brigade is 18 years, many an enthusiast of 16 years has had to be r e fused and probably been lost to the Brigade in times gone by.

The tendency of the young is to " do it now," and when th e y are refused they find something else to interest them. Now each Division may accept these young people and train them, so that at the age of 18 th e y will, if they so desire, pass into the ranks of the Division fully qualified; in the meantime they can be useful in assisting the work of the Divisions bG>th in training and actual duty. The Brigade is to be congratulated. on its enterprise and we wish them every success.

Th e pictures of the authorised uniform presented in this article give a comprehensive idea of the front and back view. Belt and cap are black, shorts are black with white piping, shirt is a silver grey, hose are dark grey with fancy black and white tops, and tie is black with bars of white. It is a serviceable outfit. It is more-it is striking, it is quite different from anything we have seen, and dose inspection of the garments themselves establishes the fact that it is unique. Its conception is bold, and when seen for the first time one is compelled to ask many questions. So on receipt of the photos, we reached down our shrapnel helm e t and put our smoke mask in our pocket and started for The Gate-which is Clerkenwell way. On reaching St. John's-lane our courage dropped, so a sharp lookout, we crawled forward. (We rather expected to find a strong guard of Cadets-like newly -hatched chicksbut th ere was nothing doing.) The old Gate was still there, and it frowned upon us in the usual way; so taking our courage in one hand and the photograph in the other, we stepped boldly inside in search of copy.

" Hullo!" sl.id an official, "where did you get that photo ?"

We explained that it was supposed to have been

November, 1922

dropped from an aeroplane in Cannon-street, W>tS picked up by a policeman, who read "S.J.A.B." on the badge, and promptly landed it in the offices of FIRST AID.

" Well, what do you want to know," said the official. "Anything, everything," we replied. "Why this cap? Why this shirt?))

"Sit down," said he, "this happens to be one of our busy days when we haven't a minute to call our own, but if you have an hour to spare perhaps we can answer your questions. The uniform worries you, does it, but not nearly so much as it troubled us, I know. In the first place, the colours of the Order are black and white, and the Brigade has always conformed thereto. Black is sombre for a boy and white is impossible. Fancy, a white shirt to climb trees and roll in the dirt! The following eight points had to be considered ;-r, Colour; 2, distinctiveness; 3, protection; 4, durability; 5, comfort; €i, utility; 7, effect; 8, cost.

" Let us start at the top-the cap.

" It is difficut at all times to find a suitable uniform cap for boys, especially when it has to be worn with a shirt.

"The Balmoral was chosen because it is a good protective cover for the head, is distinctive and effective, and although being a trifle more expensive at first-will, we are convinced, not be so in the end, as it will last longer than ordinary uniform caps. It is so good tempered you see-it can be screwed up into a small space-it can be sat upon and even turned into a football, which most youngsters seem to think hats were made for-beside if the young rascals are tempted to attack an orchard look what a lot of apples it would hold. Moreover, there is no brim to be torn off and used as a collar or halo ."

We looked at the photo and felt that a good case had been made out for the cap and timidly asked if the shirt could be defended in like

"The shirt: Ah! that is the special feature of the uniform, it is regarded as the acme of distinctiveness, protection, durability, comfort, colour and effect.

" It is made of silver grey flannel, as you see in the photo, it is equal to two shirts. There is a double yoke at the back, and the Lancer front' is a small piece attached to the front of shirt and trimmed with black braid as a relief. As possibly you are aware-that lads will rush home from school change from warm clothes into uniform and rush out again whatever the weather, and they will not be hampered with an overcoat-so this shirt was designed to give extra protection over th e shoulders and front and back of the lungs, extra prot e ction on the shoulders is afforded by shoulder straps, so at that point there is four thicknesses of material-district titles are fixed thereto-and the shirt has eight medium Brigade buttons.

" There is another feature about the shirt-everyone knows that the life of the garment is the number of times it is washed-so to meet that difficulty-the shirt was made with a neck band and with each shirt two loose collars are supplied-being flannel these collars are lined with a material that does not shrink-from experience we know it is always the collar that gets crumpled and dirty; by this means the collars can be washed frequently and the shirt will be saved from so much washing.

.1 In summer-time a very thin vest will be all that is required underneath and in winter a warmer undergarment can be worn.

" The tie is very neat and inexpensive, it is knitted in black with bars of white.

November, 1922. -FIRST AID.-

" The belt is a soft pliable web and fits to the shape of the waist. It carries a miniature set of furniture corresponding with that which is worn by the rank and file of the Brigade.

"The shorts.-Special care has been given to the quality of the cloth, it is stout, black serge, tartan finish, and is piped with narrow white piping, which affords some relief and is designed to prevent the boys wearing them at school.

" The hose is of dark grey wool with fancy black and white tops. We have arranged also to hose topsinstead of the full hose. These are made without feet and can be worn over any sock as it is always the feet that wear. The hose top should be popular as soon as they are known, so you see we have always had in mind the necessity of producing a servicable uniform at a minimum cost.

" I think that is all I can tell you about the uniform,"

we expect to see quite a large num ber of these lads and lasses taking part. .

We are now giving our attention to producmg. a haversac and water bottle to form part of the Cadet eqUIpment, and we lDtend to produce something in keeping with the uniform; we have several that are on the market but none of them are good enough for our Cadets. And I think I have given you all the information that I can at present."

We thanked our friend and carne away in a thoughtful frame of mind, feeling that G.H.Q. were a good deal of care to this new offspring. If we were mterested before we are more so now, and we shall be glad to any photos of thec;e young units for publication m our Journal.

The Leo. McLaglan System of Resuscitation. *

By CAPT. LEOPOLD McLAGLAN.

THE Leo. McLaglan system of resuscitation is based on the ancient Japanese science of katsu, which means resuscitation. Katsu was known by the Japanese so far back as before the Christian era. Very little is known of this science outside the land of the rising sun. However, I was fortunate enough to acquire the knowledge in I90i from a Japanese whom I defeated in a Jiu-Jitsu combat which was for the championship of the world. The Japan ese became very friendly with me and showed me all he knew of this science, and from other sources in tbe Far East I acquired greater knowledge by experimenting on monkeys, and also by testing my system on the natives of Africa.

My first successful case in restoring consciousness happened in Santiago where a man was knocked out by a severe blow in a boxing combat. He was unconscious for some hours and no one could do anything for him. I happened to come on the scene and in about 30 seconds I restored him to consciousness.

said our informant, but perhaps there ar e one or two other particulars that may interest you and your readers.

"The Chief Commissioner is taking a keen interest in this movem ent and p :: rsonally examines each o f the sample garments and badges; even the chevrons for the N.C.O.'s are of a special size and design, and he is granting facilities to Divisions to form Cadet sections by sanctioning the wearing of part uniform, such as cap, belt and badges, where the cost of the full uniform is not available.

"To a Bradford Division falls the honour of having the first Cadet Division in uniform, fifteen full sets being dispatched to them a few days ago (the first to leave St. John's Gate) .

Several Divisions have applied for threes, fours and fives, so that when inspections ,are carried out next year

In my travels I have on many occasions restored cases of fainting and epileptic fits, but my most interesting subject was a nigger of Darasalam, a seaport town on the east coast of Africa. He was felled by a heavy piece of timber which struck him across the back of the shoulders. The native was laid out, and when the doctor carne he examined and sounded his heart. There was not the slightest pulsation and the corneal reflex was gone, and after a lengthy examination the native was declared dead and was about to be taken off and buried.

I was attracted to the scene and was told all that happened. The native's shoulder was dislocated. The doctor had no objection to my examining the man and without any doubt he was dead, hut only in one sense of the word. Had I not stimulated the different nerves he would have remained dead.

A person who has died through shock is not actually dead until putrefaction sets in. Nerves remain alive for some time after the heart has stopped, and it is by nerve

The above is reprinted from

*

".Police Tiu-Jitsu," by Leo McLaglan, by permission of the Police Review Publishing Co., Ltd. For photograph s and descriptive letterpress, the reader is referred to the book itself which may be obtained from tbe publisbers, at 8, Red Lion Square, w.e. 1. Price 2S.

stimulation that re-action of the heart is brought about. More than once incidents have been r.eported in the n e wspapers where a coffin has been dug up, and it has been found that the corpse, instead of lying on its back, was found contorted lying on its side with the coffin lid all scratched. I account for this pt culiar case in this way: The subject had died through shock and was buried before putrefaction had set in. The lowering and landing of the coffin at the bottom of the grave caused a certain vlbration which stimulated the nerves of the heart, and the throwing of the earth on top of the coffin undoubtedly caused a noise brine;ing about a vibration in the coffin. This would tend to stimulate the auditory nerves of the brain and the nerves of the heart which would cause the heart to dilate and circulate the blood through the system, bringing about a condition of life.

Without a doubt during the great war there must have been hundreds of young soldiers who were killed-not necessarily that a bullet had struck a vital spot, but that the bullet on entering the body brought about a condition of shock which caused the heart to stop. Stretcher bearers came up and examined the man, but there was no heart action. The doctor would do likewise, and in consequence of the fact that heart had ceased to beat, the victim would be declared dead and in due course buried. It is my firm belief that the time will come when this system which I am bringing before tbe eyfs of the public, for the benefit of mankind will be generally accepted and adopted throughout the world. It is a system of resuscitation that can be used in all stages and conditions of unconsciousness., including drowning after the water has been pumped from the system.

Another little coincidence that I would like to relate happened in France at a place near Calais where I was Deputy Governor of No. 5 Military Prison. Two doctors at the hospital quite close by rung up the prison and enquired for me. They desired that I snould go over and see what I could do with a case lying unconscious. I went over with one of the prison Governors and there saw a patient laid out on a stretcher and the doctors who had heard my theory of lesuscitation were anxious to see what I could do with a patient whom they had absolutely failed to restore. They explained that the man had been unconscious for some time. His heart action had reached such a low point that almost at any moment he might die. I might confess that I did not exp£.ct to get any success from this particular case, but set about in true earnestness to do all I could for the man, and in about 40 seconds he was standing on his feet speaking to the doctors who were astounded.

The system of resuscitation is very simple to apply. In the case of drowning, if the subject is too heavy to lift by placing the hand under the abdomen, the water can be pumped from the system by placing the patient over a barrel, face downwards. If this is not possible the patient can be placed over the back of a person kneeling on his hands and knees. The latter can, by jerking his back, work Of! the abdominal muscles of the patient and so pump the water from the system This could be assisted by a second person using his hands on the abdomen in a series of alternative jerks.

I haye many letters signed by well-known surgeons to bear testimony to what they have actually seen, and they are of opinion that my sysum can be used in all cases of uncoD'>ciousness already mentioned; also it might be possible to use it on the operating table in cases of syncope when the heart's action is at such a low point that death may perhaps ensue.

fetters to the &ditot'.

We are in no way res/ansible tor tne opinions expressed, or thestatements made, b, Con espondents. -EDITOR.

AN UNSIGNED LETTER.

SIR,-In your September number, N.C.F. seems for once to fall below his level. A plain question was put about the best treatment for a player" winded" on the football field. At this time of year no question is more pertinent or practical for many First-Aid men, and the advice of Doctors varies strangely. Is it best to lay the disabled man on his back, his side, or his {ront? or to support him in a sitting position, or with body doubled forward? to resort to artificial respiration, or not ? to massage the abdomen, or leave it alone ?

In answer N.C.F. explains that the condition arises from a sympathetic reaction of the Solar Plexus, which we must try gratefully to appreciate - but for the rest merely advises to treat for shock. Shock is so various in its causes and effectswound -shock, nerve-shock, heart-shock, poison-shock, drowning shock, electric shock-and First Aid expedients vary so much in correspondence that .C.F. might surely deign some words of more specific guidance or warning. I am burning to do the right thing by the Solar Plexus-so may repeat the question? Accordmg to rule 1 enclose my name and address which are not intended for publication.

Yours, etc.,

[Your letter-the second only of its kind in seven yearsis, like its predecessor, reproduced here in its entirety. When in the September issue I gave my answer to the letter in question, I assumed ( I) that my correspondent possessed an average knowledge of First-Aid; (2) that he knew how to treat Shock, and (3) that he had some idea of the result of a blow in the region of the abdomen commonly known, especially to boxers, as "the solar plexus." A pparently he did!

In view, however, of your apparent lack of knowledge, I will now enlarge upon that answer. When a footballer is "winded," the effect is m a inly upon the heart's action (I do not know what you mean by "sympathetic reaction" ) through irritation of the special part of the Sympathetic Nervous System, which is situated in pit of stomach and known as "the solar plexus." The treatment, therefore, must be that indicated for Shock. The actual position selected for the patient-sitting, semi-recumbent or rec:.!mbent-depends on the degree of Shock present, though it is usually inadvisable to lay a thinly clad man on a dam? or wet field unless a groundsheet is available. No real benefit would result from massage of the abdomen; and the indication for commf'ncing artificial respiration is always cessation of breathing.

Further, if you refer to page 142 of Textbook, you will find the condition-" injury in region of abdomen "-included among the physical causes of Shock, the general treatment of which is given on page 128, and the special treatment on pp. 143, 144·

I n conclusion, I agree that you were wise to ask us to · withhold your name and address.-N.C.F.J.

PRESTON GU ILD WEEK.

SlR,-Being "one of the crowd" on Thursday of Guild Week at Preston, I would like to pay a compliment (through the medium of FIRST Am) to Preston Corps S.T.A.B. It wasmy first visit to the town, therefore I made my observations without being recognised, and I cannot speak too highly of the manner in which both officers, men and nursing sisters did their duty, the latter did great service amongst the crowds especially in fainting cases.

When I saw the photo in FIRST Am, I quickly recognised one or two officers whom I saw not only treating cases but also" working" the stretcher, and after seeing the procession

November, 1922. -FIRST

and street decorations I proceeded to Avenham Park to see the wonderful performance by the children-of whom Preston need be proud-and there in those beautiful grounds I sawall ranks of the ambulance and nursing divisions working quite hard, treating more cases of fainting, etc., than I have wit-

AID -

nessed in any afternoon of my experience, it would be interesting to know the number of cases treated. It was during my stay in the park that I heard some comment on ambulance work, needless to say the individual would have gladly accepted treatment if need be, however it did not pass unchallenged, I

spoke of the value of First Aid work-some think we are only for the uniform, but if we administer the right treatment, the criticism quickly" goes to earth."

In conclusion I ask all connected wIth tbe Preston Corps to accept my congratulations, and hope they will continue their efforts in the work which I am pleased to say I have been connected with over fifteen years.-Yours, etc., "VISITING SUPERINTENDliNT."

THE LEAGUE OF DEAR SIR,-I was very pleased to see your leaderette on the above-mentioned League in this month's number of F IRST Am and hope the hint contained in the last paragraph will be taken by some of our Ambulance workers.

Feeling that the upkeep of our Voluntary Hospltals.was a work very a kin to the objects of the Order of the HospItal of St. John of J eruc;alem in England, I was induced, last year, to become a Vice-President.

I should be grateful, therefore, if you will give pUblicity to the fact that any members of the Brigade or Association in No. IX. District who wish to contribute may do so through me when an official receipt with literature, will be sent; the will be thankfully received and faithfully applied.

O n a ppl icatio n, books which enable co lIectors to cO llect 2S. 6d. i n penn ies or collecting cards enrollmg 20 AssocIates ( thoc:e who g ave IS. annually) will be given: The person who coll ects or gives the sum of 205. annually IS made a member of the League.-Yours, et c., C. I. ELLIS, Lt .-C ol. R.A. M.C. ( T. )

Commissioner No. I X District S. John A.B., Vice-President League of Mercy.

BRIGA DE DRILL MANUAL.

DEAR SIR,-I shall be glad to know if headquarters intend publishing a revised edition of the Drill ManuaL The present Manual I think dates about 191 and accordmg to reports and examiners conditions and regulations ha,:,e c han ged considerably that date. An up-to -date d.nll manual is an ur g ent necessIty, and I would lIke you to bnng this forward in your gaze tte .-Y ours, etc.

J. S. Sl\1URTHWAITE.

SIR -The Manual of Drill and Camping for the St. J obn Brigade must be a widely read book by members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Divisions and others.

A short time ago one of my keen Supts. called upon me because he had found some incompatabillties in the abovementioned Manual.

I thereupon co mpared the text of the Manual with my Infantry Training issued by the General Staff, War Office, and found the following errors in our Brigade Textbook. It occurr ed to me that many members would like these pointed out. They are as ,follows - "" " ',,

Page 17, SectIon 19 , lme 5, for left read, right.,

Page 18 Section 22, line 5, for" left " read 'nght.'

Page 22' and 23, Section 28, lines 3 and 12, for "left " read " ri ght."

Page 23, Section 29, line 3, for" left file " read ,. right (or left ) file" and for « left with " read" right (or left ) with. "

Page 2') Section line 7, for" left " read •. right. "

When a,' unite is in fours it will always march and dress by the left, marching on the extreme left of roads. -Yours, &c, Torguay, C. I. ELLIS, Lieut.-Col. R.A.M C. (T.), Commiss;oner NO.9 District. Oct. 27th, 1922.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention "First Aid .,

3\'actical 3loints.

The Editor invites Notes on aClua Cu,srJs-with special reference to good and bad ()oints in 7 reatment-jor inclusion in this Column.

DEATH FRO}.! STRYCHNI E POISONING.

Further to the report (i n October issue) of a child's death from Strychnine Poisoning, an infant has just su c cumbed to the same cause. A year-old baby was playmg in his mother's kitchen, and was given a bottle, hrllf filled with medical tablets, to rattle in a sugar ba si n. The bottle broke ; and the baby swallowed some tablets.

Soon afterwards the mother, attracted by a peculiar and unnatural laugh from her baby, came and, finding the child ill ran him off to hospital where he dIed, soon afterwanls. Th'e baby had continued lau 5 hing until he became unconscTous. At th e inquest the tablets were proved to contain strychnine, quinine and iron -cne tablet being d?se for an adult-and death was attributed to accidental pOlsonmg by strychnine .-B. A., Cambridge.

FIRST-Am WITH EFFICIENCY.

A First-Aider was one evening summoned by a neighbour who said that she had dIscovered her husband suspended from a clothes hook on his bedroom door by a rope round hi" neck. He was told th a t the patient had been missing for half-anhour; and, though he s uspe c ted that his services would be of no avail, he lIastened into the llfdroom , released the pal lent : and la id him on the floor-to all appearances dead. There being no outward signs of asphyxia, the First-Aider bel ieved pati e nt to have died from fra c ture -dis locatIon of the neck but nevertheless commenced artificial respiration forthwith.

To his utter surprise the patient gave s ig ns of re co very within a few minutes and ultimately recovered com pletely. A doctor, on arrival later, suggested that the patient most probably had had an attack of syncope cO n£equent on heart weakness and mental excitement associated with the attempt to commit suicide.-M R., Cannon-street.

FIRST-AID WITH .P ERSEVERANCE.

Not long ago a youn g so ldier saw an overturned canoe in a lake. He dived in to see if anyone was in the water; and, while below the surface, he was seized by a woman who had fallen out of the canoe and was unable to swim. Failing to release th e grip of the drownin g woman, the soldier clasped his hand over the woman 's nose and mouth until, becoming semi-conscious from partial asphyxia, she let go. After further struggling the woman lost c onsciousness completely and 5ank.

The soldier then found that the drown ing woman was too heavy for him to keep on the surface. So, fiiling his lungs with air he again dived, got hold of the woman and staggered along the bottom of the lake, dragging the woman with him. In this way by coming to the surface repeatedly to breathe and then diving underwater to resume his task, the young soldier got the woman to the bank and then he collapsed. Both were safely dragged out of the water completely unconscious ; and art ificial respiration had to be applied for forty minutes to bring rescuer and rescued back to life.-L. R., Charlton Park.

Mr. J. L King, late Corps Superintendent of the St, J obn Ambulance Brigade for Leicester, has completed 30 years activ e service in ambulance work. At a meeting of the Centre Committee on Octo bE.[ 16th he was presented with two bars, together with the ribbons and crosses, to add to the m e dal and bar already in his possession.

November, 1922 . -Flt{ST

G.W.Ry- Gold Medallists at Weston=super= Mare.

A GATHERING unique in the history of the Ambulance Movement was held at Weston,sup Gr-Mare on the 23rd ult. when about fifty holders of the Great WestErn Railway gold effi :iency medal ass e m b:ed m various parts of the sys ;em . It will be within the knowledgr. of our readers that in November last, in order to commemorate the twenty-fifth anniversary of the formation of the Great Western Railway C e ntre of the St. John Ambulanc e Association, the Directors of the Company instituted a gold medal award to members of the staff with fifteen years ambulance efficiency to their credit. Some 160 medals wer e issued for the year 192 and it was a happy suggestion that as many of the gold medallists as possible should meet for a day s outing together. The party w ere accomp:l.Died by the Centre Secretary, Mr W. G. Chapman, the editor of the Great Western Railway Magazine, Mr. E. S. Hadlev, and Mr. S J. Ball, representing the Sup e rintendent of the Line. Luncheon and tea were taken at Glass' Restaurant where telegrams was received from Mr. J. F. Lean (Chairman of Ambulance

6

_'\.iders" from London, Plymouth, P e nzance, Bristol, Worcester, Birmingham, Swansea, Wolverhampton, Aberystwyth, &c.

It was understood that the suggestion for the gathering which was indeed a happy inspiration was made by Mr. J. H. Batt, the popular secretary of the London (B) No. 2 Division. Amid a good deal of enthusiasm it was decided that the outing should be an annual one. The organising secreta.ry for the gathering was Mr. W. Gaffney, secretary of the Lrmdon (A) No. I Division.

First Aid with the Ceylon Police.

THROUGH the courtesy of Mr. H. L. Dowbiggin, Inspector-General of the Ceylon Police, we have received the 19 2 I report of the Ceylon Police Corps, which is a unit of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas. We learn with interest that the Ambulance Corps took origin from a suggestion of Col. R. r. Blackham, from whom at a chance meeting some ten years ago the Inspector General enquired how it was possible to rouse! and maintain the interest 0'

The Ambulance Gold Medallists of the G. W.Ry. and their guests at Weston-super-Mare.

Committee) on behalf of the General Manager and from Mr. R. H. Nicholls, Superintendent of the Line, congratulating the recipients of the gold medal and wishing all a happy day.

Mr. Chapman, who presided at the luncheon, said they felt they were making that day, for that was the first occasion on which a gathering of that kind had been held. The present satisfactory position of ambulance work on the Great W e stern Railway was largely due to the stalwarts present who had devoted themselves to the cause without any idea of rewards or concessions. It was through their enthusiasm and energy that such progress had been made.

Mr. Hadley assured the medallists that all who were associated with the Great Western Railway Company were exceedingly proud of them. They had made for the G. W,R. the finest and most useful ambulance organisation in the world. The spirit of good fellowship which led to that gathering was characteristic of the G. W. R. and especially of the ambulance workers.

All parts of the Great Western Railway system were represented at the gathering which included "First-

his men in ambulance work and by whom he was advised to form his men ioto a division of the S J. A. B.

We note that this Ambulance Corps has grown from 13 2 members in 1912 to 743 members in 1921 ; that every officer, inspector and sergeant is required to hold a FirstAid certificate; and that a sergeant or constable on receiving a serviCe badge after three years efficient service is awarded a special grant of ten rupees per annum, which be continues to draw so long as he is e fficient in accordance with Brigade Regulations.

In the report it is stated that a knowledge of FirstAid is particularly useful to the police in criminal districts, where so many cases of serious injuries from personal violence occur at places far distant from a hospital. In the year 1920 there were 219 cases of homicide and a:tempted ho micide, 770 cases of grievous hurt, and 1,009 cases of hurt with dangerous weapons, committed in the Colony. In cases brought to Police Stations of assault and accident, in which bones are fractured and punctured wounds caused, there can be no question but that cleaning of the wound, stoppage of bleeding, or application of

By courtesy)

[(,. f,V.Ry. Jlaga:;illt'.

splints previous to the long journey of anything up to ,15 miles in a cart to hospital must cause great relief to the patient and pro v e of value in the subsequent treatment.

Another good result from the Ambulance Movement, emphasised by the Inspector-General, is that, whereas the native religion forbids the taking of life, yet in the old days there was an inherent apathy, amounting almost to an an t ipathy, to render to anyone lying sick or injured at the roadside. With the coming and success of the First-Aid Movement all this is changed, and pride is now taken in the skill exhibited in assisting those in distress, wher e by a better feeling exists between police and public who no longer regard the representatives of law and order with unfriendly feelings or with base motives.

The report closes with details of some typical cases treated durin g the year, of which we quote one or two. Thus, a man received a gash in his left side through which a part of the lung prolapsed. A s.lb-inspector sterilised his hands, pushed back the prolapsed lung, bandaged the wound, and despatched the patient to hospital. The pro m pt and efficient mann e r in which the patient was handl e d, prevented s eptic infection and saved the life of the patient. Again, a sub-inspector and police constable had to deal late at night with a man suffering from several serious cut wounds of the throat. Having cleaned and plugged the wounds, they controlled h re morrhage, and immediately transferred the patient to hospit a l, the medical officer of which subsequently reported favourably on th e treatment afforded whereby the patient's life, he said, ha.d been undoubtedly saved. Again, a man was admitted to hospital in a precarious state with no less than 15 sword cuts of which 6 were grievo!ls, and e ndang e ring life, attended with fractur e s of bones which opened into some of t he big joints. Had it not been for the helpful and timely aid rendered by a sub -inspector the injured man would not ha ve r eached hospital alive, whereas, after a prolonged sojourn in hospital over two months, the patient recovered almost completely and the assistance rendered averted a case of murder.

The training of members of the corps in ambulance work is carried out syst e matically year after year in the months of August a nd Septem ber, and ends with the annual re -examinatio n required by Brigade Regulations. This is followed by a gala-day, of which a full dress parade, a rev i ew by the Governor, and a demonstration of practical First-Aid fo r m es s ential p arts.

It is a long time smce we read such an interesting report, wherein we see presented some unusual possibilities of the value of First-Aid, and we know that we voice the feelings of readers of FIR ST-AID when we congratulate and wish continued succ e ss to the Ceylon Police Ambulance Cor p s and their e nthusiastic Inspector General, who, we hap pen to know, has rec ently added to his equipment a set of First-Aid lantern slides for the more efficient training of his men.

We r e gret t o r e cord the death, after a long illn e ss, of Lady Alice Maud BootIe-Wilbraham, O.B.E., eldest daughter of the first Earl of Lathom and aunt of the pres e nt peer, has died in a London nursing home, aged 61. Lady Maud, who was a goddaughter of Princess Alice, Grand Duch e ss of Hessr, was Lady District Superin t endent of the London District, St. John Ambulance Brigade. During the war she started and organised Queen Mary ' s Royal Naval Hospital at South e nd ; s h e acted as Pres i dent of the Silver Thimble Fund, which collected over £70,000, and she did good work in canteens.

Ai D- November, and J\nswel's to eOl't'espondents.

will be dealt with under the lollowing rules :-

I.-Letters containin;:. Queries must be marked on the top lelt hana corner 01 the envelope and addressed-FIRST AID, ",6, Cannon-street, E.C.4.

z.-AII Queries must be accompanied by a" Query Coupon II cut 11'011 the current issue oj the lournal, or in case oj Queries jrom abroac jrom a recent issue.

Textbook, to which rejerence may be made in these columnJ is the 36th (I920) Edition of S.f.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

SI MPL E F RACTU RES OF R IB S

C. P ( New South Wales ) - W e on this side of the globe appreciate the wonderfully hel p ful and kindly way in which you deal with queries submitted to you. W e, therefore, send our greetings, and ask you to be good enough to tell us if, in a case of simple fractures ot ribs affecting both sides of c hest wall, we ought to omit the banda g es usually recommended for support of the fracture_

Simple Fractures of ribs nvolving both s ides of chest wall must be exceedingly rare ; but, if they should occur, I consider that the Textbook instru c t ions for this variet y of fra c ture should be followed.

Whether you should treat first one side and then the other or be content with one pair of band ages is a pro b lem wh ic h can be left to the decision of the pat lent who ( 1 speak from experience ) usually appreciates the support of bandages c ontrolling fractured ribs.

Thanks for your and good wishes _ It is a jo y to help some people. - N. COR BET FL ETCHER

CO MPOUND FRACT URE OF FEM UR.

A. C (Fairfield).-Please tell u.s if, with a Corr pound F racture of Femur, a tourniquet should be applied and tightened at once, or only put in position for use if bleedin g should occur.

With a compound fr acture of femur no tourniquet is indicated. If, however, there is any danger-through careless movements of patient or manipulations of would-be assistantsof the fracture being converted into a compound, co mplicated through injury t? the a r tery, then a tourniquet mlght be loosely placed In posltlOn before the fracture is fixed up with splints and banda g es, and tightened, should the need arise.-N.C.F.

BLE EDING FRO M TOOTH S OCKET.

A.K. (Finchley).-Recently my brother, some four hours after a visit to the dentist, began to bleed profusely from a tooth socket, from which a tooth had been extracted.

I tried to follow Textbook instructions but somehow failed ,to control the Please suggest, if you can, wherem my methods falled.

I cannot tell wherein you failed, but I know that lay treatment of this variety of bleeding often fails, because pressure is either not applied directly on the s ocket, or else it lS not sustained continuously for a period long enough to accomplish its object.

I suggest, therefore, that when next you have to control

November, 1922. -FIRST

bleeding from an empty tooth socket, you take the cork of an ordinary-s iz ed medicine bottle. Then cut off a portion of it just large enough for patient to hold it comfortably in his mouth without putting his jaw joints on the stretch. Then with a sharp knife shape the selected portion of cork so that you convert one end into a wedge to fit accurately on the plug placed !n empty socket, along the other end you cut a furrow m WhlCh the opposmg teeth (or, if these be absf!nt , the upper o r lower Jaw, as, the may be ) will rest. Lastly, if you your patlent to blte on the cork ( when placed in c orrect, posltlOn) at least half an hour continuously, then you WIll succeed m your efforts to control the bleeding.N C.F.

T REATME NT OF COMP OU TD FR ACTUR E OF LEG.

R. K. ( Durham ) - After an ac ci dent a man is found lying on tht! ground with one leg bent ba ck beneatr. its fellow. On examination, the leg that is underneath proves to be a compound fracture with bone protruding. Please tell us if the injured l imb should be placed in line with the sound one or if it s hould be secured in the position found, patient bein g subsequently removed home on stretcher with limb in this position.

The Textbook clearly lays down that with all fractures the limb should be placed" in as natur a l a position as possible''' ( p. 48, par. 5), provided that th is be done ,; with great care " a nd also" without using force. " It further recommends t ract ion with fractures of lower limb on ly if "shortening is observed," and specifically forb ids it with a compound fracture " when the bone protudes."

These bein g the General Rules, then the Textbook justifies you in applyin g: the Special Rules ( p_ 66) for Leg; b ut you must, 10 t h e case quoted, carefully abc;tam from all at tempts at "extension " and from all movements suggestive of ,lack of or involving any application of force_ By so d OlOg you wlll probably get the 11mb more or less straight and will at any rate suc c eed in minimis ing the pain and discomfort from patient would probably suffer, especially during t ransport, lf he were removed" as found." Special precautions, however, must be taken lest during your manipulations the compound fracture be converted into a compound, complicated fracture through injury to the TIbial vessels and nerves.N.C.F.

E

A. C. ( Fairfield ) asks if the heart continues to beat when breathing has ceased as in Asphyxia.

Yes-but for a short period only. By the way, the value of artificial respiration depends on the fact that the Heart Centre in the brain is often capable of bein g restored to action five, minutes after p'lralysis of the Breathing Centre in the b r am.-N. C. F

AI D.- 93

mind rightly) regarded as the more suitable of the two methods each of which in this instance would be complicated by arteriai bleeding from the right leg.

Your therefore, is n ot (( wrong " ; but for artlficIal resplratIon one prefers the method which gives the best possible results.-N.C.F.

TR ANSPOR T OF FRACT u RED P VI S

R. R. ( Dl;lrham ).-Please tell us if, .in your opinion, a patient suffenng from ,l<racture of PelVIS should be placed in bed pending the arrival of a doctor. '

With Fractured Pelvis your instructions as to removal of patie,nt (Textbook, p. 62 ) are to place patient on stret c her.• actmg on the , same principle " for Fractured Sp ine. Personally 1 take It that" removaT " mcludes "putting to bed " and I can advantage in patient being put to bed WIth lymg comforta,bly on a stretcher pending the arrIval of a doctor. Further, m this way the pa t ient might be saved a second moving, if the doctor, on arrival, should require a fracture-bed prepared .- N.C.F.

T REAnIE NT OF B URST VA RI COSE V EIN

C.P. ( New South Wales ).-Just one more query, please. Can a person who has been treated for a burst varicose vein walk home? '

Yes, and especially when the burst vein is immed iately dIscovered and promptly treated. If, however, patient does walk home, then the nsk ot further excessive bleeding is conincreased. To obviate this, the Textbook (p. 102 ) mstructs you , to a,PP!y " a firm bandage immediately above wound, espeCIally 1£ 11mb cannot be mamta ined in an elevated position_ "-N.C. F.

COMPETITION MARKIN G S HEETS.

A.C. ( Fairfield ).-May I ask if the number s shown on marking sheets of competitions, as published in FIR ST AID are the maximum marks obta inable, or those obtained by the winning team?

The numbers given in the deta iled sheets are the maximum marks obtainable for each detail of tests - whether stretcher or individual.-N.C.F.

CO MP OUND, CO MP

LIC ATED

FR ACTU RE OF JAW.

C. P _ ( New South Wales ).-With a fracture of lower jaw complicated by arterial bleeding, please tell us what you consider the best method of treatment.

A. B. (Bournemouth). - In the L.&N.W. Railway Stretcher Test published in July issue the patient (whose left leg was fractured and whose right leg was flexed to control arterial bleeding) was turned over to commence Schafer' s Method, though the suffocation was caused neither by water nor by gas. Would it have been wrong to have used Silvester's Method from the beginning and so avoid possible injury to the fractured leg?

I cannot see how the cause of suffocation in this case affects the choice of method of artificial respiration. As a fact Schafer's (( more to natural breathing and more effective m exchange of alr --is usually (and to my

What is the cause of the compound, complicated fractur e of jaw ? it be due to the of a tooth, then treat as lald down m Te xtbook, first maklOg c ertain that pressure is made (and kept ) on a pad in the empty tooth-socket and then lower to upper jaw with a triangular bandage_

If, however, the fracture be the result of a blow or bullet wound, the to the jaw-bone is probably implicated, and your dlfficultles WIll be enormous because it is embedded in the horizontal limb of the j aw. As it is of the two arteries (the is into which the external carotid fi,nally dIVIdes, l,f .dlgltal on the spot is imposSIble, then pOSSIbly dli:'ltal pressure lD the hollow immediately

FFECTS OF ASP HYX IA.

ASPHYHIA WIT H H lEl\ IORRHA GE.

beneath ear and behind neck of lower jaw (w here the external carotid ends ) might limit the hleeding, or possibly digital pressure on the external car0tid at the of "Adam's apple Il might assist in controlling hremorrhage.

Failing these steps, if bleeding IS severe, then the wisest plan is to give ice to suck, support fracture as best you can, and surrender case to a doctor at the first pOSSIble moment.N.C.F.

TREAT,[EXT OF IODINE P01S0NI1\G.

G.M . (Wigan).-As our team has no. £?ay we ask if we should be justified In glvmg an emetic In a case of Iodine Poisoning, after giving starch and water freely?

Iodine stains but does not burn the mouth. Therefore you should give an emetic, though you not wait for the preparation of starch and water s.olutlOn. Textbook instructions (p. 154) are" promptly give an emetic als.o "repeat till vomiting occurs." Further, the starch .IS to be given" freely Il (p. 158). Therefore, you can give It, "either before or ( and ) after the emetic" (p. 15S ).-N.C. F.

Varicose Veins.

LECTURIN G on the 18th inst. at the Institute of Hygiene, Dr. Carlston observed that in the erect position there is a difficulty in the blood returning from the feet to the heart (a distance of three feet) which not oVercome, to varicose veins, found mainly In the lower extrem ltl.es. Veins havt three coats (the Inner and outer coat belOg very thin, the middle coat consisting of muscular increasing in size according to the demands on H, and all veins subj e ct to prtssure possess valves, J.e., cups r esi sting the back flow of the blood. The lower limb is encased in a sheath, so that contracting muscles caus e pressure in this envelope and assist the circulation, hence, after a walk, the legs and hands are larger! The heart pumping, if there IS lack of exercise, cause'5 S) that nature helps herself and in the erect p OSition arteries contract, and thus modify the pumping capacity of the heart. The degenerated middle coat of the vein causes tortuous veins, but the thickened muscle and tissue to meet the strain is only a temporary makeshift, and gradually (a) enlargement (b) atrophy, (c) dilatation, ensue. Additional strain on a valve unprepared throws more work on the next valve.

\

November, 1922 FIRST

BLAND &THEpAINLESS i IODINE DRESSINC

IODEX is a First-Aid Dressing of great merit-painless and bland. It promotes rapid healing and is ideal in septic -wounds, tears, abrasions} bruises} burns, scalds, inflamed feet, etc.

100 EX is non-staining ) nonirritating Iodine of gr e at penetrative po-wers. It is a markedly absorben t and an tiseptic, and rapidly reduces inflamma tion.

90 % of the ot this

A GREAT FIRST AID AID. TO

A WORK that justifies its claim to be an epitome of all that specialised medical and surgical knowledge necessary for First Aiders, as well as an authoritative manual or reference on all information relating to Health and Disease, is a work to be welcomed by all our readers who wish to study their subject more deeply than is possible from superficial text books,

In "The Modern Physician," by Dr. Andrew Wilson, fullest space is devoted to "First Aid" and Ambulance Work. In respect of completeness, accuracy of description and wealth of illustration, .1 The Modern Physician" stands without a rival amongst the works published on this important subject. It is scientifically accurate and reliable without being dull the name of its editor, so long and popularly known as an expositor of Health laws and a teacher of Hygiene, is a guarantee of this. This work IS absolutely complete as regards Health and Disease.

STIl'.1ULA::-JTS WITH H tE. ::IIORRHAGE.

A. B. (Bournemouth ).-In the L.&N.W. Railway Stretcher Test published in July issue we note that stimulanb, including alcohol, were permitted, but that a hot-water bottle was penalised. As the point puzzles us, we shall be grateful for an explanation.

The allotment of marks ( as s hown in the detailed sheet), for giving alcoholic stimulants puzzled me also, but I am told by one who witnessed this competition that the alcohol was only to be Riven under the instructions of a doctor.

The of heat in the form C?f a was inadvisable, in that It mIght promote reactionary bleedmg by bringing more blood t? injured lower li.mb, the sole of which had a large inCised wound WIth arterial bleedmg.N.C.F.

H.R. (New Holland) asks if on demobilisation from the Army he immediately joins the Brigade whether he is entitled to wear stripes equal to his army rank.

Only members of the Brigade who having enlisted in the Naval or Military Forces during the War 1914-1918, and received promotion to N.C. O. rank were allowed, subject to the Chief Commissioner's approval, to r etain equivalent rank on rejoining the Brigade after demobilisation.

G. M. (Dublin ) -A copy of the Regulations can be obtained on application to Brigade Headquarters. .--.

Poison gas in some form or other is apparently being applied in Germany to domestic uses, judging from an advertisement in a Berlin paper. A picture of a pistOl, that looks very much like an automatic with an enlarged barrel, is described as being for protection is not mentioned, but presumably it is something on the order of the ordinary chemical extinguisher, and is operated by pulling a trigger instead of turning it upside dawn. The gas that is then discharged is apparently eq uall y effective against attack by fire or burglars.

Varicose veins are never seen in early years--thty oc:cur between 20 and 40--while arterial troubles (high arterial tension) compensated by a low venous pressure, but involving other structural denote a worn-out condition.

THt COLLECE OF AMBULAftCE.

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IODEX in inflammatory condition!' and wherever Iodine is indicated.

As a knowledge of the body in Health is necessary to the due understanding of the body when its functions are deranged by disease, a description of every part of the frame wil1 be found here. The skeleton, muscles, digestive system, heart and lungs, brain and nervous system, organs of sense, skin, kidneys and the body's microscopic structure are duly described. In this connection the illustrations are of particular value, the "mannikins" or dummies more especially; in these the organs are made to overlap each other exactly as they do in the human body.

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STERILIZED DRESSINCS.

Are

The section devoted to Hygiene includts the fu1l exposition of the Laws of Health, and special attention is devoted to Physical Culture. Such topics as foods, beverages, air, exercise, clothing, sleep, baths, holidays temperament, &c., are treated in this section.

The last volume is especially devoted to the Health of Women, and Dr. Wilson has here bsen assisted by a of eminent women physicians. Midwifery and the treatment and Diseases of Infants are here fully dealt with. A FEW OPINIONS.

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F OR SALE.-Ambulance Officer's Tunic and Sam Brown Belt; fit 6 ft. man; in new c0l!-dition. Price f?r both, 3os.-Apply, Div. Sec., S.J.A.B., Llttlehampton DIV., 41, Gloucester-place, Littlehampton.

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A correspondent, whose letter appears in this issu advocates that competitions should be held in publi< We are not at all in agreement with these views, for whil

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AI D. - November, 1922.

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FIRST AID -

AND THE -

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

No. 342.-VOL. XXIX DECEMBER, 1922.

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3S. 6d. post free; single copies 3d. Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be (not necessarily For -Dublication) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C.4.

7 elegraplzic Address: "Twentll-/our, London."

7 elephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

we realise that competitors who suffer with "nerves " might not do their work so well when th e y are distracted by the the presence of the public, on the other hand, that word "observant" which our correspondent uses would lose much of its significance if the public were debarred from viewing these events, for after all the" public II which attend, in the majority of cases, are only those who are interested in ambulance work, who are there to be " observant" to try and improve their standard of work and perhaps profit by other people's mistakes.

No, we think it would be a thousand pities if competitions were held behind closed doors. What is wa nted is to make them as interesting as possible to observ€rs, so that they can intelligently follow the methods of treatment of the various teams. In this way a greater interest would be created, and more men and women encouraged to continue thpir studies.

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WE are surprised that the article on Improvement "Some Suggestions for the Improveof ment of First Aid Competitions" has Competitions. not invoked more criticism on the subject, for we well know the keenness generally displayed in these events, and comments from actual competitors who perhaps have more practical experience than anyone else would have giveen us points on which to improve them; for there is no doubt that there is room for improvement, and the best means of accomplishing this end is to have the views of those associ ated with the competitions. We have a large number of veterans who have participated in the principal competitions held throughout the country, and their experience must be invaluable. We hope they will come forward and give us the benefit of their views, for by so doing they will help their younger colleagues and generally help to improve the standard of work.

A correspondent, whose letter appears in this issue, advocates that competitions should be held in public. We are not at all in agreement with these views, for while

Brigade

Now that the Cadet movement is a fait accompli it is in the hands of the Cadets. various Corps and Divisions to make it a success, for it is only through their local organisltions can new units be established. The movement is being whole-heartedly supported by headquarters, and their co-operation will be given in any difficulties which may arise in the formation of these new We hope to give at a later date the experiences of those Corps and Divisions which have formed Cadet units, the difficulties and other details with which they have had to contend, and we hope that by so doing we shall lighten the labours of Corps and Divisions who have in contemplation the formation of these units. We have already received a few preliminary details of those units which have already been formed, and they have been received with a . amount of enthusiasm.

Supt. R. Parker of the Bristol Corps has just celebrated with Mrs. Parker their golden wedding. Supt. Parker joined the Brigade in 1897.

No. I Distrkt . COMMISSIONER:

-FIRST

:Jhe Grand :priors of the Order of the )<ospita\ of St. john of jerusalem in &ngland. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

:Jhe St. John J\mbulanee Srigade.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL JANUARY, 1923.

Sunday, 7th -No. r Division, St. John's Gate.

" 14th.-No. 2 Haggerston.

" 2ISt.-No.4 " Ley ton & Leytonstone.

" 28th.-No. 5 " Hackney.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

ROYAL NAVAL & SICK BERTH RESERVE.

The Chief Commissioner requestc; all Divisions which supply reservists for the above reserve to send in the annual return as soon as possible afte: the December, to him to deal with the bounty claims received. The followmg IS the list of the Divisions concerned :-

Acton Division, Beckton Division, Bermondsey and Walworth Division, Croydon Division, Hospital Saturday Fund Division, Kensington ( Royal Borough 00. King's Cross Division, Ley ton Leytonstone DIVISIO:n,. of London Division Merton & Wimbledon, Norwood DIVISion, St. John ' s Gate I Division, St. Smith & Sons' Division, South Met. Gas Co. plvlslOn, Walthamstow D ivision, Wembley and Harlesden DIvIsion.

ANNUAL RECORDS.

The Annual Records (D.F. 1-3-5-r2) should be submitted as early as possible in the New Year, not later than January 31st, 1923. It is important that all forms should be correctly filled in.

B.F. should be made out in the order of seniority and repetition marks must be avoided. Names of members who have resigned or been struck off must be ruled through in red ink.

B.F. 3 must agree with the figures III B.F. 1.

E.F. 5. It is requested that a brief report of of the Division should be given, together With any Item of general interest has noted the year. Our District Report IS compiled from thiS return.

B.F. 12. The balance in hand at the commencement of year must agree with the balance shown at the end of last year. bl b 11 In the event of any DIVISion belUg una e to su mit a their forms by January 31St, it is desired that B.F. 5 be sent in by that date with an ::s to the and a probable date given as to when the remammg returns will be ready.

EQUIPYlENT.

I t has been noticed that certain Divisions occasionally do not provide equipment when on public duty. This provided in future, and the for thls equipment are clearly shown on the PublIc Duty Return Form .• WELFARE CENTRES.

The London Federation for Welfare Centres has asked for the assistance of the St. John Ambulance Association in providing workers at their centres in London. The matter has been taken up by Lady Perrott, RRC., the Lady dent in Ch ief, and Superintendents of Nursl.ng D:v.ls lOns will no doubt hear from her in due course. Nursmg DIVlSlOns able

AI D.- December, 1922.

to give assistance in this work should communicate (through their Superintendents) with Lady Perrott.

DIVISIONAL BOOKS.

The books of the Division, viz.:-Minute Book (with one copy of B.F. 12 pasted in), General Regulations, Occurrence Book and Stores Book should be forwarded for examination as soon as possible after the Annual General Meeting, or they can be brought to St. John's Gate, on Monday or Wednesday evenings from 6 to 8 o'clock.

APPOINTMENTS.

The Chief Commissioner, in agreement with the Lady Superintendent in Chief, has appointed the Countess of Onslow, C.B.E., A.R.R.C., Lady District Superintendent of No. I District, in place of Lady Maud Wilbraham, deceased.

Mr. S. J. Warren has been p'!'Omoted to District Officer. Ambulance Officer Palmer had been appointed Superintendent of No. 13 ( King's Cross, G.N.R ) Division, in place a Superintendent Sebright, deceased.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending news paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

N.C.O.'s CLUB -The annual general meeting will be held on Thursday, January 5th, 1923,7.30 p.m., at W. H. Smith and Son's Club, I I, Milford-lane, Strand, W.C. A lecture on the Order of St. John will be given to members and friends on Thursday, January 25th, at 7 30 p.m., in the Chapter Hall, St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C., by H. W. Fincham, Esq., F.S.A. ( Esquire ar:d Assistant Librarian of the Order), with limelight demonstratIOn by E. W. Jackson, Esq. N.C.O. s of the Brigade with friends are cord ially invited, Those who intend being present please notify H. J. Palmer, Han. Sec., 70, Newington Green-road, N.!.

No. 20 (Hampstead ) Division.-On Sunday morning' November 26th, the Division held a Chorch Parade at Trinity Presbyterian Church .or. Corb.et Flet c her is a ber.

In view of this fact an InVitatIOn was Issued to the neighbouring St. Pancras Divisions and resulted in a and demonstration, 6 officers and 58 men turnmg uut and bemg placed in the centre of immediately below the pulpit which was draped WIth the Brigade flag. the preface to his sermon the Rev. Chalmers Lyon welcomed his visitors as the local representatives of an organisation, to the generous and efforts of which the general public owed so much and It often. appreCiated so inadequately. He then referred brleIy to the history of the Order and took as the subject of his sermon the Cross of St. John,' explaining symb?lic significance, especially. w.ith reference to its four 1imbs which betoken four cardmal Christian virtues-Prudentia, Fortitud.:>, Justicia, et Temperantia.

After the service, which was thoroughly enjoyed and appreciated by all present, the Rev. C. Lyon inspected the parade congratulated the men on their smart and business-like and wished them" God-speed" in their noble and self-sac;ificing work for the benefit of their fellows.

No.2 District.

BRISTOL.-There was an attendance of about 400 at the annual dinner of the City of Bristol Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade held at the Y. M.C.A., St: James' Square. District Commissioner Dr. J. S. preSided, and among those attending were: The hon. preSident of the Corps (Earl the sheriff (Mr. Horac;:e Walker), and Mrs.

December, 1922. -FIRST

Walker, Mrs. Griffiths, Canon Welchman (vicar of Temple), Mr. and Mrs. H. R. Smith, Mr. Vernon Wills, d is trict offi c er A. R. Towerzey, Corps superintendent A. Cotton, M B.E., Corps officer T. Crawford, M.B E., Corps secretary H. Trott, Dr. C. C. Lavington (chairman Bristol Centre ), divisional surgeon F. C. Nichols, divisional surgeon S. B. Green, supt. and Mrs. Cade ( Bristol Fire Brigade ), div is onal super intendents Brice, Parker, Crew, Clark, Cooke, and Reed; am bulance offi cers Collard, Stiles, Fair, Smith, Sheppard, Sargent, WllIi dms, Webb, Sco t, Horwood, N Ic kless, Hancock, Usher, and Bowron, nursing officers Swanston and Phelps, district secretary A. J. O. and Mrs. Britton, and corps sergt.-major Lewis.

The toast of" The King " was g iven by the chairman and musically honoured.

Mr. H R. Smith, submitting" The Hon. President and "The Order of St. John, " the Order was one of the oldest in the country.

Earl Beauchamp, who had a splendid welcome, said he was glad to do all he could for the Brigade. It was a real pleasure to be there bec a use he knew the very good work done by the ir Brigade of St. John Ambulance. The St. John Aalbulance was different from somewhat similar societies because it did good work in peace time as well as during war. The report, submitted by Corp" S ecretary H. Tratt, stated that the ambulance cause in Bristol dated back to the year 189 1, and found its home at the Broad Plain House. The following was a summary of the work done by the transport department and the members of the corps since the opening in November 1907 up to December 2nd, 19 22 '-Transport department : A cc idents, 20,796 ; invalid removals,28,534 : fires attended, 2,075; total, 51,408. Cases attended by members in street, factory, and on public duty, IOo,0 70-making a grand total of 15 [,4 78. The n'lmber of members was as follows ;Eleven men s divisions, one nursing division, comprising 28 o fficers, 65 N .C O 's, 255 rank and file, three nurs ing officels, 33 ambulance s sters-mak ing a total of 384. With the excep t ion of a small paid staff at headquarters, the remainder of the members were volunteers, and the publ c did well to remember, when they saw the familiar uniform at places of amusement, sports, and other functi o ns, that these men had given of their leisure in order to be there in case of need.

No. 4 District.

ED CEL EY. - A whist drive and dance in connection with the newly -formed Cheadle Heath ( Railway) Division, took place on De c ember 6th at the Alexandra Schools, Edgeley, and was largely supported by the gener a l public, about 250 ladie s and gentlemen attending. A popular dance programme was thoroughly enjoyed. Mr. H. Ha zeldene was M C. for dancing, assisted by Pre. J. Southern, and the M.C. s duties for whist were very efficientl y carried out by C pl. W. Charnock, assisted by Pte. T. Wild.

Stockport division was represented by Supt. J. Moore, Sergt. H e ywood and Cpl. Jones, and the nursing division by Lady Supt. Miss Leigh, together with a goodly number of V.A.D. 's whose presen c e was g reatly appreciated by all ranks of the division.

Prior to the pr e sentation of the pri zes, Supt. Howard thanked all those who had attended and made such a success of the first effort and then asked Councillor G. Bennett ( Hon. Vice-President ) to present the pri zes

LIV ERPOOL.-Col. C. J. Trimble, C.M.G , V.D., L.RC.P., etc., Commissioner of NO.4 District, havin g expressed a desire for the extension of the work of the Brigade in Livf'rpool, a well-attended publi c was held at the Domestic Mission, Mill-street, Liverpool, on October 5th, 1922, to consider the advisability of torming a new Division of the Brigade.

Frank Tobin, Esq., Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England, took the chair and was supported by the Rev. C. J. Ballantyne ( Minister in charge of the Domestic Mission ), Mr. J. Roberts, Secretary of the Liverpool

AID.- 99

Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association, and Dr. M. Barseghian, of Church-road, Wavertree.

In opening the meeting the chairman ( F. Tobin, Esq.), said he was hopeful that the meetii1g would be the start of an important movement in the south end of Liverpool in First Aid and the presen ce of a number of ladies in the audience made him optimistic as to the possibilities of a Nursing Division.

Mr. T. W. James ( Liverpool Division ) said it was difficult to add anything to Mr. Tobin's remarks. Col. Tr.mble, the Commissioner, had said the work was at a low ebb in Liverpool, and he ( Mr. James ) hoped this effort would be the turn of the tide. Thanks were also due to Mr. Roberts, the secretary of the Liverpool Centre for the assistance he had gi\'en.

Mr. Roberts said nobody realised the importance of first aid and h()me nursing more than himself. There was great public interest in the work as was by the fact that in Liverpool last year over 3,000 people received certificates in first aid and home nursing. Vverpool South had been waiting for somebody to let them know how cheaply they could gam the knowledge. He had known Dr. Barseghian many years and was convinced he would keep them alive in the work. He was a capable man and had had previous classes. He will be a credit to the Division and will probably be able to make the South End as forward in fi r st aid as other parts of Liverpool.

Dr. Barseghian sa id :-" That every man and woman who wishes to be a useful citizen ought to know something of first aid and home nursing. The Order of St. John has done a great deal to spread this knowledge and to train men and women to do the work efficiently, but people did not realise the importance of it until a calamity occurs as in the late war. It is surprising how few people know how to de a l with a simple case, yet simple cases-say a small cut or a broken bonewhich if treated properly at the time would heal quickly, if neglected might lead to blood poisoning, erysipelas, and loss of valuable life. It is therefore to your interest and the interest of your fellow ci ti zens that you should have a knowledge of first aid a nd home nursing, but before home nursing the principles of first aid should be considered. Whatever you do in first aid work ask yourselves "Why do I do this"? From the first remember that no matter how small the injury is, it may lead to serious consequences. He emphasised the necessity for cleanliness in dealing with wounds so as to prevent the entrance of bacteria and gave several cases from his own exper ience where serious results had occurred owing to this principle being neglected. He asked the men to put their heart into the work ,:IOd he would do his best to teach them the underlying princi pIes so that they would be doing their work knowingly and not simply imitate.

I n conclusion he emphasi zed the importance of the work, a work which everyone should know something about-important from the home-life and national point of view-and we should work in co-operation with each other for the benefit of suffering humanity.

The meeting closed with a hearty vote of thanks to Dr. Barseghian and the Chairman, F. Tobin, Esq. and 20 men sigJied the requisition for the new division.

MANr:IIESTER.- Past and present members and friends of the North Manchester Ambulance and Nursing D ivisions of the Manchester and Salford Corps met at a re-union held at St. George's School, 1\loston-Iane, Maston, on November 27th. The company present numbered about 250, and Mr. A. E. Wolstenholme presided.

At the interval, Mr. Wolstenholme said he, as the oldest member, he believed, had been asked to present something to the man who formed the North Manchester Division. That man was Corps Treasurer Mr. J. Mellor.

In 1904, Mr. Mellor, as a tramway man, formed an ambulance corps at the Queen s-road dep o t. His enthusiasm was such that he very soon had a band of men who were prepared to do anything for him. They were prepared to do that because of the self-sacrificing spirit of Mr. Mellor. He had been connected with the work since 1897. When the Boer War broke out, 1\I r. Mellor served his country ou t there, and

100 -FIRST

when the late war broke out he immediately joined the army to do what he could to help the suffering in the war.

I n the name of the past and present members, Mr. Wolstenholme then presented Mr. Mellor with a handsome oak, silver mounted, salad bowls and servers. They believed, he said, Mr. Mellor was worthy of everything that could be sa id of him, and worthy of everything that could be given him to show their appreciation.

No. 5 District.

S HEFFIELD.-Among the numerous corps and divisions which go to the making of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, there are many members of non-commissioned rank who possess a wonderful amount of zeal, energy and originality in their methods of tea ching first aid in a practical way.

In the Sheffield Corps there is such a man in the person of Sergt. W. A. M. Smith, whose first aid knowledge is very thorough throughout; but probably the branch of first aid teaching in which he excels most, is that part of the work which deals with po isons and their treatment.

We give a photograph of Sergt. Smith, surrounded by a

AID.-

December, 1922

the object lessons provided cannot help but impress upon the first aider's mind, in an indelible manner, what he has to do and how he is to do it.

Thirty cases of industrial p::lisoning and anthrax were reported to the Home Office during October. These includ e nineteen cases of lead poisoning and four of anthrax, In addition two cases of lead poisoning were reported among hous painters and plumbers,

3: E

General the Hon, Sir H. A, Laurence, K . C. B., distributed the awards of the Midland Railway Company to members of their staff for rendering first aid to the injured at Derby on November 16th. The total Durnbtr of ambulance staff in the service on September 30th wa') 9,505 This year the first gold bar was awarded to William Hall,

TlfE ST. JOlfN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Supplement.

1 he Chief Commissioner desires, through the medium of the Brigade Supplement to your Journal, to convey to all membels of the Brigade his good wishes for a Happy Christmas and a Prosperous New Year, and to take the opportunity of thanking all ranks for the loyalty which they have shown in assisting him in its administration.

Appointments, Etc.

NOVEMBER, 1922.

His Majesty the King has been graciously pleased to sanction the title of No.1 District of the St. John Ambulance Brigade shall be altered from "The Prince of Wales' Corps" to "Prince of Wales' District."

The Chi e f Commissioner has sanctioned the following appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations:-

No 1 DISTRICT (PRINCE OF WALES'S CORPS).

The Rt. Han. The Countess of Onslow, C.B.E" A.RRC., to be Lady District Supt., 30.11.22, vice Lady Maud Wilbraham deceased.

No. 33 ( Bermondsey and Walworth ) Division.-William Richardson, M.B , B.Ch., B.A C., to be Divisional Surgeon, 13 I I.22

William Frost, M B , B.Ch , B.A.O., to be Divisional Surgeon, 13. I.22

8N (East Ham ) Nursing Division.-Ambulance

lance Officer George Bettles Mayes to be Divisional S upt., 13. 11.22

Birmingham Corps (Lawley-street Midland Ra ilway D ivision -Sergt. Joseph Ross to be Ambulance Officer, 23. 11.22

Birmingham Nursing Corps ( Southern Nursing Division ), Lady Supt. Mrs. Riddings transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 28.11.22

Loughborough Division.-Mary Webster to be Lady Divis ional Supt., 23 1I.22

Wellingborough Corps.-Staff Sergt. John W illiam Francis to be Corps Sergt. Major, 3.11.22

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Birkdale Nursing Division. -Lady Ambulance Officer E. d'A. Blumberg resigned, 8.12.22

Bolton Corps ( Headquarters , Nursing Division ).-Lady Ambulance Officer Fanny Hardy to be Lady Divisional Supt., 14,11.22

Burnley Nursing Division.-Ambulan c e S ister Mary Ellen Helliwell to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 14.11.22

Chorley Division,-Sergt. Albert James Ion to be Ambulance Officer, 28.11.22

Cbeadle Heath Division.-Guy Vasey Fiddian, M.B , Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 3 I 1.22

Hindley Nur5ing Division.-lYIary Chalmers Ainscow, M.B , Ch.B , relinquishes rank of Lady Divisional Supt. and is appointed Divisional Surgeon, 26. 1.22

Mary Watson to be Lady Divisional Supt., 28 11.22

Liverpool B.A.T. Division.-John Wellesley Flood, M.B , F.R.C.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 30.10.22

Macclesfield Nursing Dlvision.-Divisional Surgeon J. Laird of the Macclesfield Division to be acting Divisional Surgeon, 17.11.22

Northwich Division.-Charles Harrop to be Ambulance Officer, ,.1 I.22

on Poisons. choice selection of poisons and antidotes, in explaining the mysteries of wh ich, he displays particular skill.

Serg t. Smith' s method is to explain in great detail the e ffects of the very common poisons, whether they be corros ive s irritants, nar cotics, or narcotic-irritants, to mention and drive home the particular antidote, or the special treatment a p a rticular poison calls for; and after making his pupils familiar with a great variety of poisons, antidotes, demulcents (which he always has with him when demonstrating ), he sets them test case s and proves their knowledge by the smartness with which they sele c t the most suitable antidote, or provide the most accurate treatment to meet the particular emergency.

The effects of particular corrosive poisons on the human body he illustrates by actually showing the effects such poisons have, say, on the mucous membrane of a sheep's mouth, and the var ious parts of the alimentary tract.

By such methods, the study of how to render first aid in po ison cases, however so difficult a nd bewildering to the youn g first aider, is made exceedingly clear and Simple, and

dray checker, Sponden, the recipient also being the holder of the gold and silvu medals, illuminated certificate, and two silver bars.

3 e The Third Annual East Ham Inter-Divisional Social took place in the Minor Hall of the East Ham Town Hall on December 11th. The chair was taken by Councillor A. B. Harper, who was support t.:' d by Councillor W. Thirkettle, Commissioner W. A. Winny, O B.E., Dr. F. J. McKettrick, Dr. W. Benton, Supt. Atkins, Supt. Gray and Ambulance Officer A. Harrop. During the evening interesting presentations were made by Commissioner Winny as follows :-Presentation to Dr. W. Benton, Hon. Surgeon No.8 Nursing Division, as a mark of esteem for services rendered to No. 15 Nursing Division over a period of nine years. Another presentation was made to Dr. F. J. McKettrick, as a mark of esteem for his services as judge for the third year in succession, from the competing divisions for East Ham.

Sister Ethel Mary Morrish to Lady Ambulance Officer, 9·11.22

No. 28 (Harrow and Wealdstone) Division.-Divisional Surgeon B. H. Barton resigned, 10.1 I.22

No. 13 ( King's Cross ) Division.-Ambulance Officer John George Palmer to be Divisional Supt., 15.1 I.22

No. 64 (St. Pancras Y.M.C,A.) Dlvision.-A. G. Reade M,RC.S., L.RC.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 13. 1I.22

No .. 30N ( Thomey Island ) Nursing Division.-Ambulance Slster Bertha Florence Bint to be Nursing Officer, 3 1I.22

NO.2 DISTRICT, Portsmouth Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Maud Birch to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 20.10.22, vice Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Kilns resigned. ReadlDg Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Alice Harding to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 24,11.22 Windsor and Eton Division.-Edmund Claud Malden M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 3.1 I.22, vice D/ W. Lloyd resigned. NO,3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Corps (City Tramway Division),-Ambu-

Oldham Corps (Equitable Division ).-Divis ional Surgeon and Supt. W. Oliver resigned Superintendentship and remains Divisil)nal Surgeon, 17.11.22

Sergeant Nowell Cochrane to be Divisional Supt., 6.11.22

Oldham Corps (Failsworth Nursing Division).-Lady Ambulance Officer A. Jordan resigned, 28,11.22

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Barnsley Division.-Frederick Blackburn Lowrance to be Ambulance Officer, 4. 1.22

Bingley Division.-Divisional Surgeon A. Rhodes of the Bingley Nursing Division to be Acting Divisional Surgeon of the Ambulance Division.

Bradford Corps (City Nursing Division ).-Ambulance Sister Doris Elsie Harrison to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 27·11.22

Bradford Midland Railway Division. - Ambulance Officer William James Cane to be Divisional Supt., 14.8.22, vice Supt. G. Ward resigned.

Bradford Corps (Tramway Division).- Peter J. McKenna B.A., M.A., B.Ch., E:O.A., t<;> Divisional Surgeon, 3. 1 I.2::! Castleford NurSlDg DlVIslOn.-Lady Supt. Mes. Chrispin resigned, 10.11.22

Huddersfield Corps (Huddersfield Nurs;ng Division ).-

Sergt. W. A. M. Smith, of the Sheffield Corps, giving his lecture

t02 _ FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. - December, 19 22

Lady Ambulance Officers A. Dlamires and B. Lister resigned, 17. 11.22

Ambulance Sister Annie Oddy to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 22.2.22

Huddersfield Corps (Honley Nursing Division).-Ambulance Sister Ed ith Hobson to be Lady Divisional Supt., 27. 11.22

Ambulance Sister Edith Mellor to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 27.11.22, vice Lady Ambulance Officer C. Harris res ig ned.

William H. Smailes, M. D., to be Divisional Surgeon, 27·11.22

Long Eaton Division.- John Moir, l\1.A., M.D., Ch.B., to be DivisIOnal Surgeon, 2}1 1.22

Morley and District Corps (;\10rley Division).-Sergt.

John Powell to be Corps Sergt. Major, 3. 11.22

Corpl. James Clough to be Ambulance Officer, 3. 1 1.22

Corp!. Harry Riley to be Ambulance Officer, 4 11.22

New Holland and District Division. -A mbulan ce Officer

Thomas Hayes to be Divisional Supt., 27. 11.22

Nottingham Corps (Po rtland Divislon).-Divisional Sur-

geon R Nesbitt transferred to the Brigade Re>erve, 10.11.22

Nottingham Corps ( Carrington Division ).-S tanislaus J. Brennan, L.R.C.P., etc., to be Divisional Surgeon,!. 11.22

Nottingham Corps (Ba nd Division).-Dlvisional Supt. R

Davies transferred to th€ Brigade Reserve, 2.11.22

NottIngham Corps (Robi n Hood Division ).-Divisional

Supt. E. Purser transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 2.11.22

Sheffield Corps ("D" Division ).-James Henry Newton to be Ambulance OffIcer, 4 11.22

Stapleford Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon C. G.

Sherowit to be transferred from the Stapleford Ambulance DiviSIOn.

Warsop Corps (Warso p 1\1 ain Division).-Pte. Reginald Ringham to be Divisional Supt., 1. 11.22

Pte. Joseph Wass to be Ambulance Officer, 11.22

Worksop Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. D. Ward Jones resigned, 27. 10.22

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Lady Divisional Supt. Ada Mary Woodbury Thompson to be Lady District Officer, 23. I 1.22

Ferryhill Nursing D lvisi on.-Mary Kell to be Ambulance Officer, 23.11.22

DiviSIOnal Surgeon S. Farmer of the Dean and Chapter Division to act as Divisional Surgeon, 23.11.22

Haltwhistle D ivisio n. -P te. John Edwin Penrose to be Ambulance Offi cer, 25.11.22

Hull Corps (Al exandra Dock William George Le Grove to be D ivisio nal Supt., 16. 1.22

Sergt. Arthur Joseph Carlisle to be Ambulance Officer, 24·11.22

Hull Central Div ision .-Ambulance Officer William Henry Burgess to be! Divisional Supt., 24.11.22

Stella Coal Company Corps.-Corps Officer Colonel F. Kimpson resigned, 10.11.22, and appointed President of the Corps.

NO.7 DI STRICT

Oswestry Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer L. Glassodine resigned, 7.11.22

NO.8. DIS.LRICT.

Guildford Corps (Guildford Nursing Division ) -N ursing Officer A. Wilson resigned, 30. I.22

Guildford Corps.-Sergt. B enjamin William Wells to be Corps Sergt. 8.11.22

Guildford Corps (Cra nlei g h D ivislo n ).-Percy William Attwell to be Divisional Supt., g.I 1.22

Walter Cheesman to be Ambulance Officer, 8.11.22

Hastings Division. - Thomas Tassell Coleman to be Transport Officer 27.11.22

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Friary Division.-Divisional Surgeon H. Guy Ludolf transferred from Devonport Central Divlsiun, 2,pO.22

Bertie Franc is Pearce to be Divisional Supt., 24.10.22

Weymouth Division.-Hubert George Watts Day to be Divisional Supt., 17. 11.22

Francis Harold Rodier Heath, M.R.C.S., L.RC.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 17.11.22

Frank Alfred Tanner to be Ambulance Officer, 17. 11.22

Newton Abbot Corps (N ewton Abbot Nursing Division ).

-Ambuhnce Officer F. Parsons reverts to Ambulance Sister at own request, 28.11.22

Plymouth Co-operative Division.- Jessie Gilbert, M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H., to be Divisional Surgeon, 28.11.22

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Ipswich Corps (St. John Division).-Corpl. William Lambert to be Ambulance Officer, 26.10 22

No. DISTRICT.

North Kent Division. -Divisional Supt. T. Oliver transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 7·12.22

Sevenoaks Division.-Sergt. Henry Sharp to be Ambulance Officer, 20.11.22

No. 12 DISTRICT.

Dundrum Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

Mrs. Westby resigned, 1.12.22

NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :-

NO.1 DISTRICT.

London Post Offi ce Cadet Ambulance Division.-San ctioned, 21.11.22

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Northampton Cadet Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 28.11.22

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Liverpool South 10 IO.22

The Roche Cadet Ambulance Divi!:>ion.-Sanctioned, 18.11.22

The Roche Cadet Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 18.11.22

NO.5 DI ST RICT.

New Ealington Division.-Sanctioned, 22.11.22

Beeston Di ,i sion.-Disbanded, 30.11.22

NO .6. DISTRICT

Bishop Auckland Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 10.11.22

Ferryhill Nursing ro. 11.22

Hull Western Cadet Divisivn.-Sanctioned, 24.11.22

NO.9 DIS TRICT.

Friary Ambulance Division.-Sanctioned, 24.10.22

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Tring Division.-Disbanded, 7. I I.22

No. I I DI STR ICT.

F olkestone Division. -Sanctioned, 21.11. 22 Addiscombe Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 3.11. 22

DEATHS.

District Surgeon Lieut.-Colonel J. D. Lloyd, No. 7 District.

JAMES R. A. CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

If a sufficient numb er of candidates are forthcoming a First Aid class for men will assem bie at St. J oh n's Gate on January 8th, 1923, at 6.15 p.m.; a Home Nursing class for women will assemble on January lIth at 6.15 p.m. Persons desirous of joining either course of instruction may obtain full particulars from the Chief Secretary of the St. John Am bulance Associa.tion, St. John's Gate Clerkenwell, E.c. I, on receipt of a stamped addressed en'elope.

December, 19H. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of the Order

St. fohn's Gate, Clerkenwe!l, London, E.C., ISt December, I922.

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem m England:-

As Lady of 1ustice (from Ladies of Grace).'

The Hon. Mrs. Sophia Leveson Gower.

Frances Em ily, Countess of Cassillis.

As Knights of Grace:

Sir Arthur Munro Sutherland, Bt., K.B.E.

Sir William Maurice Abbot-Anderson, M.V.O., M.P M.RC.S.

As Ladies of Grace.'

Ada Mary, Mrs. Thompson.

Olwen Verena, Lady Oranmore and Browne.

As Esquires.'

Grismond Picton Philipps.

Captain Eric Charles Palmer, M.C.

Lieut.-Col. Rupert Stewart, M.V.O.

Colonel Ewen Allan Cameron, C.M.G., D.S.O.

Arthur Eddison (from Honorary Serving Brother )

Lieut.-Col. George Arthur Cardew, O.B.E., M.RC.S. (from Honorary Associate).

As Honorary Serving Brothers.

Major Gi lbert Savil SzIu mper, T.D.

Major Arthur Landel Gray, N.Z.lVl.F.

Ernest Jesse Prew.

Robert Joseph Hayes.

Fred Gledhill.

Thomas John Damant.

Frederick Henry Gooderham.

As Honorary Serving Sisters:

Mary Annie, Mrs. Nichols, A.RRC.

Minnie Car dno, Mrs. Bower.

As Honorary Associates.

The Rev. Vincent George Bryan King, O.B.E.

William Henry Turton, M.B.

Liorel Shelton Daly, L.M.S.S.A.

Captain Harold Snape, M.B., R.A.M.C. (Ret.).

Major Henry WIllIam Spaight, L.R.C. P.

Daniel Bartholomew Foley, L.R.C.P.

John Brooke Ridley, M.D.

Major Henry Bird Sproat, M.D., R.A.M.C.

Thomas Wright Amison, M.n.

The Divisional Secretary.

THE post of Secretary to a Division is, according to his duti e s as in Brigade Regulations, page 34, paragraph 12, an one, and before nominating a member to be DIVISIOnal Secretary those responsible for submItting the appointment should satisfy themselves of the member':; qual1fications and caplbilities to fill such a PJ.st. It is .impJssible for anyone of us to be perfect in all thmgs, but 1t should be remembered that round pegs will not fit square holes. Every member of a Division is part and parcel of his Division and upon the shoulders of

everyone lays the responsibility of doing their share of work for which they are fitted, and moreover it is the responsioility of those in whose power it is to allocate duties, to see that the right job is given to the right member. A member who would make an excellent sergeant or storekeeper, might probably be quite incompetent as a secretary.

The fact that so many active and honest workers have in the past lost efficiency for years in which the Division had an incapable secretary has no doubt illuminated the need for a careful selection of a secretary. We all know of course that there is a Brigade Order which states that each member is responsible for their effici e ncy being properly recorded before the Forms are despatChed to Headquarters, but in some cases this is not possible and the Divisional Secretary has to be relied upon to render a true statement of the services given by each mem ber during the year. Headquarters, it is believed, had this last dIfficulty in kind when the checking of all records was instituted and the check should be appreciated by all concerned when it is stated that Headquarters last year detected over 200 members who had been shown as "inefficient" when they should have been recorded as efficient. Fortunately some Divisions have excellent secretaries who understand their duties, and having undertaken them, spare not effort to maintain the highest efficiency in connection with their office, but every Divisional Secretary is expected to do the same, otherwise one Division is liable to be penalised, and another not.

The following points are appended in the hopes that they may be useful to Divisional Secretaries :-

1. Be conversant with your Regulations thereby placing yourself in a position to give advice to those seeking it.

2. See that the Division receives its Forms on or before January 1st of each year for the ensuing year. If they do not arrive apply to the Chief Commissioner.

3. Prepare and have ready for the Office r 's signature all Forms required by Headquarters, not later than the loth January of each year.

4. Don't apply for Service awards (Service Medal and Service Badge) before the Returns have been submitted to Headquarters or before the Divisional copy of B.F.IA. has been returned. This only causes unnecessary delay and accumulation at Headquarters, as claims cannot be dealt with unless there is evidence of service. Evidence of service is taken from B.F. I.

Don't send to Headquarters claims for Service Awards unless the applicants are cfficient in accordance with tbe Brigade Regulations. It should be remembered that all claims are carefully checked.

5. See that the re-examination is made before the 31st July, if this is impossible ask for permission for ext;:nsion of time. If B.F. II B. is not received within a reasonable time after the re -examination, make enquiries. When this form is received insert the results on B.F. I. Don't wait until the end of the year to do this. If a member through some unavoidable cause has been unable to attend a re-examination try and arrange for him to be examined with another Division, or have a supplementary examination.

If a member has been unable through long illness to fulfil the conditions of efficiency, don't let him be recorded inefficient, ask him for a medical certificate and get the matter placed before the Chief Commissioner for consideration.

Remem ber only the Chief Commissioner has power to grant exemption from re-examination.

Study B.O.'s 325, 328, 420 and 427. If you want a copy apply to Chief Commissioner.

6. See that the date and place of assembly for the Annual Inspection is notified to all members in sufficient time to allow members to make arrangements for attendance; also notify them that if unable to attend they should put in a written excuse.

7. Make sure all members are fully aware of the date, time and place of drills.

8. Remember there is a Stores Department at St. J oho's Gate from which nearly all requirements can obtained at reasonable charges. There is an advantage 10 getting your articles from Headquartt:rs, they know the regulations and only supply in accordance therewith, especially uniforms.

If you have not got a price list, apply to the Director of Stores for one.

9. When ordering noteplper for the Division see that it is in accordance with B.O. 396.

10. Study carefully the Brigade channels of communications-Brigade Regulations, page 13, paragraph 26, and B.O. 385.

It should be always borne in mind that Headquarters are ever ready to help and advise any officer or member, all cases being given careful and sympathetic consideration, but such cases must always be forwarded through the official channels of communications.

Absent "Without Leave."

FROM Inspection Reports received at B H Q. it has been observsed that a number of members are shown as " Absent without leave. "

It is a great pity especially when a member has attended the requisite number of drills and passed the annual re-examination that his record for the year should b e marred by absence from the inspection" without leave."

It behoves all members of the Brigade who are unable, owing to illness or other unavoidable cause to be present at the annual inspection, to apply to their superintendent, prior to the inspection, for leave of absence, stating the re a son for such absence. This will be handed to the Insp ecting Officer who will submit same to the C o mmissioner

Interesting Items.

T HE Girl's Cadet Division attached to "The Roach 1/ Nursing Division at Rochdale, has formed three sections comprising a tot :Ll of 74 members. A Boy :; Cadet Division has also been registered.

The membership of the Sheffield Corps has increased from 174 to 3 3 in ten months.

By holding a Brigade Day the Newcastle-on-Tyne Armstrong-Whitworth Corps raised over £200.

The Aylesbury Division by its recent Whist Drive and Dance added over £ 16 to its funds.

The awards of Service Medals and Bars will in future be published in this supplement.

At the Market Hall, Redhill, a Boxing Display in aid of the funcls of the Borough of Reigate Corps and Reigate Div ision, S. E. &C.R. was recently given under the patronage of the Hon. President, Sir Bas. Many notable boxers part;cipated in the contests.

The West Srnethwick Division held a Church Parade on November 12th at St. Paul's Church. 45 N.C.O.'s and men under the command of Supt. J. T. Moore, with members from the Headquarters and Bearwood Divisions plraded.

At the recent Memorial Service held at the Lancaster Parish Cburch a tablet to the members of the Lancaster Division of the Brigade who fell on active service in the late war was unveiled by the Commissioner, Col. C. J. Trim ble, C. B., C. Yf. G.

The Competition for th e " McFarlane" Challenge Cup and J arrow Medical Officers Medals, competed for by teams from the J arrow Division, re sulted in the team captained by Ambulance Officer G. Pugmire, gammg first place. Dr. Skinner, assisted by Mr. J. A. Heslop, judged the teams.

The North Durham Corps attended the anniversary service of the Bensham Brotherhood on December 3rd.

The Competition for the "Stretton" Challenge Cup took place at the Headquarters of the Medical Mission Division, Birmingham Corps, on November 23rd. The Cup was won by Ambulance Officer G. R. Fowles and his team-the Judges being Corp) Surgeon E. W. Parsey. The Cup and Medals were presented by Mr. Adams, J.P.

The Annual Competition for the "Marquess of Northampton" Cup was held at the Headquarters of the Northampton Corps, on Nuv. 25th- The Cup was won by the tearr. captain ed by Corporal West, Headquarter Division. Dr. W. E. Audland, Dr. Murray, and Assistant Commissioner W. Harvey Reeves acted as Judges. The Cup and Prizes were presented by Lady District Supt. Mrs. Harvey Reeves.

The Competition for the "Bagshaw" Shield and "Raby" Cup open to teams from the Headquarter Division, Kettering Corps, were held on November 23rd, at Kettering, the Shield being won by Corporal Mann and team, and the Cup by Sergeant Groome and team.

A Competition for the" Major Lionel de Rothschild" Challenge Cup, open to teams of the Division, was held on the roth December, the judges being Dr. S. J. C. Holden and Dr. T. Perrin. The cup was won by the team in charge of Corporal Smith, and presented with the individual prizes (two silver mounted salt cellars) by Major Otway Mayne, C.B.E., Chief Constable of Bucks.

December, 1922. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

The "Gibson" Shield won by the City Division, Nottingham Corps was presented by the Mayor at a social function held at Nottingham on the 6th December, and the "Winifred Gibson" Shield, with individual cups won by the G N. Nursing Division was presented by the Mayoress.

,Report of Inspection of the Borough of Plymouth Corps.

By THE DEPUT Y CHIEF COMMISSIONER, COLONEL G. A. MOORE, C.M.G., D.S.O.

I WAS much impressed by the marvellous vitality and growth of the ambulance transport work in and around the Borough of Plymouth. The facts tbat in r 92 2 over 3,000 calls were attended to and over 20,000 miles travelled speak for themselve3

Some twenty men and wom e n, members of the Brigade, give ungrudging and devoted service by day and night to the manning of the various am bulance posts, proceeding to the scene of all sick calls, fires, etc.

The entire work is well organised and most efficient. The Brigade performs all ambulance duties for the public b odies of the borougb :-Fire Brigad e , Poor La'V, Hospitals, Ministry of Pensions, Shipping Authorities, etc.

I inspect e d some 350 of all ranks in the large drill hall.

The divisions turned out in good strength and marched past in good alignm e nt. The nursing divisions wer e VEry fully represented and I was struck by their quickness and the high standard of their work in the tests set to them.

Thr o ughout my tour I notic e d in countless ways a spirit of keenness and unselfishness actuating all the members.

The Earl of Shaftesbury, Director of the Ambulance Dept. of the Ord e r, accompanied me at the inspect ton in the drill hall, and delivered an address of congratulation and encouragement to the m e mbers.

The administration and well co-ordinated system of ambulance transport at Plymouth is an example which I have no doubt would greatly interest large towns elsewhere , and Assi3tant Commissioner H. V. Miller would be delighted to afford every information. The history of the rapid growth of the am bulance movement at Plymouth is almost like a story from Arabian Nights.

A feature of the parade was the appe:uance of the lately formed band of the brigade under Bandmaster Brown. This added greatly to the brightness of the proc eedings.

The entire parade, movements, and tests, were under the c.harge of Corps Officer Hitchcock and were well carried out. The turnout was excellent.

Inspection of Newton Abbot Corps.

THE annual inspection of the Newton Abbot Corps was h e ld at Newton Abbot on 21st November, by AssistantCommissioner H. V. Miller.

A careful scrutiny of the records prior to the inspection merited the high commendation of the inspecting officer.

After inspection of the ranks, the march past, and the

practical work which showed a high standard of efficiency, the Service Medal and Service Medal Bars were presented to the following :Service Medal-Corps Officer Major Greenslade. Service Bar-Corps. Supt. Rice, Div. Supt. Wyse, Sergt- Widdicombe.

In addressing the parade the inspecting officer reminded those present that tbe last time on which he spoke to them they were mourning the death of their late popular leader, Corps Supt. Jewell. As he, that day, had gone through the ranks, the sustained interest of the veterans, and the enthusiasm of the numerous recruits, he thought of the work of the honoured founders of the curps. Dr. Grimbly and Supt. Jewell-then the old proverb came to him with singular appropriateness "God buries His workmen but carries on their work. " He pointed out that the only way to obtain real enjoyment was not by seeing what could be got out of lifes but what could be put into it, and that true satisfaction was the possession of those who worked under the Order out of conscientious motives, insp ired by its glorious motto. He esp ecially congratulated Corps Supt. Rice and Corps Officer Gr e enslade on the devoted manner in which they were carrying on the Corps, and Miss Maysey on the self-sacrifice she and her lady workers were displayin g in th e ir service for the communi ty.

The Newton Abbot Nursing Division is celebrated for its remarkabl e public usefulness as a district nursing organisation; the mem bers viSit sick and surgical cases daily, many hundreds of calls being made annually.

Church Parade and Inspection at Canterbury.

O VER 750. of Ambul a nce and Nursing Corps and Nursmg DIVISIOns of No. 8 and 1 I Districts recently visited Canterbury and attend e d a special servic e at the Cathedral.

After the service the Commissioner of No.8 District, Mr. C. Cotton, assisted by Assistant Commissioner Dr. Vernon Davies, and accomp:l.nied by Commissioner E. A. Richards, No. District, Dr. Mason, th e Archdeacon of Maidstone, the Mayor of Canterbury, and Officers of the Staff, inspected the Corps and Divisions in the Cloisters followed by the presentation of Service Medals in Chapter House.

The Archdeacon of Maidston e Vice-Dean of the Cathedral, welcomed the gathering on behalf of the Dean and Chapter and said they were proud to do so knowing as som e of them did from experience of their overseas work during the war and of the men and women who were ready to come to the help of the country when the country n eeded it.

Dr. Cutton in a brief address, after referring to the work in war and peace said it was thirty-two years since be first became associ a ted with St. J obn Am bulance work anrt he had held the command for twelve years. He had now com e to the time when he must seek rest. He also realised it needed a younger and more active man and he was pleased to introduce to them Dr. Vernon Davies who had corne from NO.4 District and from what he knew of Dr. Davies he was c e rtain the work would be well done.

No. XI. (S.E. & C.R.) District.

BRIGADE work in this district continues to grow. During the past month a has. been sanctioned Folkestone, and cadet divlSlon regIstered by the be division, whilst gratifying accounts of beIng received daily.

At Aldershot Sir Althur Mayo Robson, K.C.B., M V.O, over a splendid gathering u and spoke very highly of the cadet movement Grc en Ambulance and London Bridge Nursing DlVISlOns gave. a fine tableaux of ambulance work at Hither Green DrIll Hall. Dr. Maling, V.e., the new divisional surgecn, supervised the display Addiscombe Division has had a keen contest for the Dawnes Challenge Cup.

Sir Sidney and Lady Alexander were present. a.t .the annual distribution of awards for the Fav e rsham

The Rev. T. F . Gregg, supt. of the Willesb o ro' DIvIs10n, was able to give a most encouraging e port at the annual presentation

The Deputy Mayor of Dover inspectEd the local division prior to the of Much interest has aTlsen m the prehmmary contests tn repres e nt the district,in Dewar Competition. At time of g<-ing to press, Deal, Ashford, Tonbti dge, Hastings and Redhlll DlVlslOns have succeeded in getting into the final round.

The Whist Drives arranged by the Victoria divisions are proving very popular.

Bricklayers' Arms and Chatham have each held splendid concerts with satisfactory results:

The annual dinner of. the London Bngade NursIng Division at the Hotel B eJgravia was attended by Lady Lenthal Cheatle and Miss Phyllis Broughton.

Ambulance War Memorial at Newcastle.

THE north country on December 2nd honoured the 24 0 members of the No.6 Dlstrict of thf> Brigade who their lives to their country in the Great War by unvellmg a memorial at St. Thcmas's Church, Newcastle.

Mem bers of the Order of St. John assembled at St. Thomas's Mission Hall, and passed in procession to the church through a guard of honour fum.ished by Halting in St. Mary's-place en route, SIr

Secretary-Gen e ral of the Order, decorated.

Superintendent T. McNeill, of the Chopwell w.Ith the Long-service M e dal of the Royal Naval AUXIlIary SIck Berth Reserve. Service medals were pIt to Corporal J. Elliot, Pr ivate W. Hinshaw and Private J. Hann, all of the F e lling Colliery Division, and the bronze m e dal for life-saving was handed to Mr. Alexan?er McBeau, conductor in the e mploy of the Tyneslde Tramways and Tramroads Company.

Acting-Assistant Commissioner Stanley Embleton h e aded the procession, which, in addition to a nu.m ber of honorary serving si s ters and brothers of the Order, Included Sir Thomas Oliver, Miss E. M. Storey, O. B.E. (Lady District Secretary a nd Lady of Grace of the Order), the Lord Mayor of Newcastle (Alderman W. Bramble), the Deputy Sheriff (Mr, J. Lunn), the Deputy Town Clerk (Mr. V. B. Bateson), Chief Superintendent John Carr

(representing the Chief Constable of Newcastle), the. Constable of Gateshead (Mr. R. Ogle), Gene:al Lady Perrott, RR.e. (Lady Supelinteudent-m-Chief and Lady of Grace of the Order), and Lieut.-Col. e. B. Palmer,. C.B.E., D.L. (Knight of of the Order and Commissioner for the Northern DIstrIct).

Major-General unveile? the long Roll. of Honour which is enclosed 10 a maSSIve fram e of EnglIsh Oak 6 8 in. by 3 ft. 9 in., and which was surmounted by the Union Jack and the Banner of the Order of St: John.

Major-General Fielding briefly sketched hIstory of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, from whIch th e Red Cross movement derived its origin.

Tr.e Rev. Hedley Hasl e m offered Up the Prayer the bugles sounded the "REveille," and the Impressiv'e service closed with the hymn, "0 God, our help in ages pa5 t."

The beautiful memOrial IS to be returned from the church to the headquarters of No. 6 District. of the Brigade, No.2, Osborne-terrace, Jesmond, where It wlll be permanently installed.

Lieut.-Col. C. B. Palmer announced at. th.e close of dedication service that a photograph and descnptlOn of the memorial would be presented to relatives of those on the Roll.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

During November 6 Requisitions were received from Ministry ot Pen s ions Hospitals.

A conference took place at the War Office recently,. when the Earl of Derby, Secretary o.f State for War, received representations of Central JOInt V. A. D. Committee, with a view to the early promulgatlOn of the new V.A.D. Scheme.

There wer::! present:- ., The Hon. Sir Arthur Stanley, Lady AmpthIll and SIr Edward Stewart, representing the B.R.e.S.. Sir James Clark and Dame Beryl Oltver representIng the Order of St. John. . General Sir Launcelotte Gubbms. General Sir John Goodwin, Director General, Army Medical Department.

Vice-Admiral Sir Hill, Medical DlIector General, Royal Navy.

Air Commodore Munro, DIrector of MedIcal SerVIces, Royal Air Force. ., General Sir Noel Buch, Director General, TerrItonal Force.

Major Reddie, Territorial It is hoped as the result of thls conference a definite scheme will be made public very shortly.

The following letter has been recei\'ed from Miss Phyllis Mason, V.A.D. member, London ISO, who was· granted a free passage to .C:anada under the Society for the Oversea Settlement of Bntish Women :C / o Mrs. Holland, Box 120, Port Hope ) Ontario, Canada.

November 6th, !922. Dear Madam,-I thought you would like to know of my safe arrival in Canada. I had very good crossing on the S.S. " Montcalm," and arnved at Port

December, 1922. -FIRST

Hope on October 14th. My sister is very delighted to have me with her, so I have decided not to look for any employment until after Xmas.

Port Hope is a very pretty lown on Lake Ontario, and I have already had several opportunities of seeing the surrounding country.

With kind regards -Yours faithfully, (Si!:,ned) PHYLLIS MASON.

We hear from the Secretary of the Join t Nursing and V.A.D. Services Committee that Her Majesty Queen Alexandra has most graciously consented to the new Residential Club at 90 and 92, Cromwell-road, being known as the" Queen Alex a ndra Residential Club."

Queen Alexandra's interest in all matters relating Service Nurses and V. A. D. mem bers is well known, and this action on the part of Her Majesty is only one further proof of her thoughtfulness for the welfare of members of those Services with which she is so intimately connected.

S. Helena's, Folkestone; will, with Her Majesty's consent, be known as th e " Queen Alexandra Holiday Hotel" -and Eddlewood, Weybridge, will be known as the "Queen Al exandra Convalescent Home."

There are a few vacancies at Folkestone at the present time, but those who may desire to spend Christmas there should make a point of writing to the Warden as speedily as pos5ibl e , in order that they may not be disappointed with regard to securing accommodation.

The Queen Alexandra Residential Club, Cromwellroad, is now open and is filling rapidly. Those desiring accommodation there should correspond with the Warden and secure rooms as early as p::>ssiblp, the cost of such accommodation being from 30S. to £2 lOS. per week, according to its nature,

It should not be forgott:m that ther e will also be accommodation for those passing through London, who may merely desire to spend a night or two at the Club.

India.

THE Govnnment of Bombay has awarded a Gold Medal and Certificate to First OffiCEr J am shed Dorabsha E. Kothawala of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas, within the Empire of India, No. 3 District, Ahmedabad Division, in appreciation of services rendered by him in charge of squads on duty during the Ahmedabad (Bombay Presidency) Riots in April, 1919.

The Division was callr.d within an hour of the outbreak of the disturbance on the first day, and it was on duty till the martial law was withdrawn and order completely restored, rendering great assistance to the wounded and the injured during most exciting hours. On many occasions the officer and his men were exposed to the wrath of the excited mob, and more than once military or police guard had to escort them.

The Medal bears the inscription :"From the Government of Bombay. For Courage, Resource and Humanity."

The Scientific Press, Ltd., have just issued their Nursing Minor Pocket Encyclopredia and Diary for 19 2 3, this is a most useful little book for Nurses and Midwives it being a ready reference and most useful compendium. It is published at IS. 8d. p::>st free, and can be obtained at 28-29. Southampton-row, W.e. I.

Major H. W. Spaigh1c, L.R.C.P.

ONE of the finest examples of progressive progress of a Corps of the S.J.A.B. is to be found at Nottingham where the pioneer work during and since the war was in the able hands of Assistant-Commissioner A. B. Gibson who has seen the Corps grow from a comparative small undertaking to one of the finest units of the Brigade in the country. Assistant-Commissioner Gibson has been assisted in this task since 192 by Corps Surgeon and Divisional Superintendent Major H. W. Spaight, and it is in a great

measure due to his abilities that the Corps has arrived at such an efficient state. Spaight has always displayed a keenness for first aid competitions and when associated with the Porthleven Division of Cornwall he organised and conducted some of the most successful competitions in the West of England, he has already conveyed this enthusiasm to the mem bers of the N ottioghJ.m Corps, and we shall no doubt hear of their success in the competition arena. Major Spaight has been an examiner of the S.J.A.B. since 191 I, and as our readers are aware he has contributed interesting articles on first aid subjects to this J oumal from time to time.

At the annual meeting of the Bristol Centre the following officers were elected :-President, the Lord Bishop of Bristol; deputy President, Lieut.-Col. B. M. H. Rogers M.D.; chairman, Mr. C. C. Lavington, M.B. hon. sec., Mr. Egbert A. O. Webb; hon. treasurer, Mr. W. G. Hawkins, 19, Nicholas-street, Bristol. Divisional secretaries :-Bristol West, Drs. H. G. Kyle, M.D., and C. C. Lavington, M.B. j Bristol North, Me3srs. D. McPherson and A. J. O. Britton, Bristol East, Messrs. A. Twistleton and O. Cotton; Bristol South, Capt. J. F. Tresize and Mr. H. Trott. Committee :-Drs. B. N. Blood, C. C. Lavington, J. S. Mather, and S. B. Green; Messrs. H. G. Hill, H. R Smith, A. St. John Burroughs, and Major E. Cadbury.

AID.-

December, 1922.

various railway companies have granted to their employees who have qualified in first Such information, if it can be collected, might be utilised through FIRST AID for the information of the whole of the men connected with railway ambulance work, and such publicity might be the means of sec,uing some uniformity of concessions to all the men concerned.

*" *" "*"

A writer in a northern daily paper points out that the girls nursing cadet movement initiated in connection with the nursing divisions bids fair to outrival the girb' guide movement. Without expressing any disparagement of the latter movement, we must confess to no surprise if most healthy-minded girls prefer to become potential nurses rather than to be a counter part of the boy scout. As nursing cadet girls enter at once into a sphere which is inherently their own. For the movem e nt is designed to develop the best instincts of girlhood, to enlarge and broaden their sympathies, and to equip them with a practical knowledge of nursing and first aid. The lack of such knowledge on the part of thousands of mothers to-day means untold anxiety and expense in the best regulated households, while in others it has more sinister consequ e nces. To every girl in the nursing cadet movement there is an orjective, and that is a great thing for the girl herself and for the future of 6e country.

A fleet of aerial ambulances, each of which has accommodation for four stretcher cases, together with two attendants and, if necessary, a doctor, has just been completed for the use of the Royal Air Force. Craft of a larger size are now bemg constructed.

Each machine bears, in addition to the usual military identification marks, a huge Red Cross on each side of the fuselage. Large doors are fitted into the sides of the cabin in order that stretchers may be removed without disturbing the patient.

Internally, these flying Red Cross wagons have been fitted up to secure the maximum of comfort for the travellers. There are special water tanks, each of which is connected to taps over a lavatory hand-basin, filters to ensure always a supply of good water, and cylinders of oxygen, together with the apparatus for administering it.

*"

Lady Perrott, speaking at a special inspection of the Nursing Divisions of the No.6 District, said that she found that one of the weakest point among their members throughout the country was in administering artificial respiration, and she suggested that this should be concentrated upon. Schafer's method of artificial respiration only requires a very little practice to become perfect in its application, and apart from the physical effor re4uired can be learned in two or three le3sons.

December, 1922. -FIRST AID.-

The Future of the Railway Challenge Shield Competition.

THE operation of the Rail ways Act, 192 r, as it affects the Inter-Railway Competition for the Challenge Shield and prizes offered by the St. John Am bulance Association presents, or rather will present, after next year's cC)ntest, a of no simple or ready solution. The grouping of the railways of England, Scotland and Wales will have the

has hitherto entered a team for the contest, but the individuality of the amalgamated companies is, of course, lost on grouping and whilst-under the old conditions-one railway can enter one team, this will mean an entry of four in all for the grouped railways and leave any small joint railway of a few miles in length such equal tation.

What is to be the basis for entries in the future?

That is the conundrum which is being asked in railway ambulance. The railway centre secretaries have had the subject under consideration, and whilst they have agreed a

CHRISTMAS, 1922.

The snow may rest white on the ChristlT'as night In fields and the King's highway;

And the leaves all sear as the time draws near That heralds the Christmas Day.

But spite of bleak winds and Winter's rime, Let us have the true spirt! of Christmas time.

It is Love that we need)o stay men's greed, It is Hate that we have to fear;

Keep pure our desires by the Christmas fires, When we think of the passing year. The scars of War are with us still, In spite of Peace and heaven's Goodwill.

Let the strife of class with the old year pass, Keep the brighter hope for man;

And as children pray for the glowing day That at Bethlehem's cot began, Let us think at this season of the year

How heaven and earth were brought so near.

Have we grown so wise that we should despise The tale that has long been told?

How the guiding star brought the wise from afar, With their gifts of myrrh and gold.

In God's good world, the Star still leads To the Child that came for Man's greatest needs.

Daember, I922.

effect of reducing the railways by the Act) from about two hundred to four on ly.

The conditions of the Inter-Railway Competition, which takes pride of place in all First Aid contests, permit any railway company, joint committee or joint railway in England or Wales to be represented by one team and entries in past years have numbered upwards of thirty the best eight in a Preliminary CompetitioD, participating in the Final contest. Anyone of the Dew groups may embrace a number of amalgamated railways, each of which

H.L.R.

basis for the 19 2 3 Competition-of which more anonthis is only in the nature of a makeshift for next year and does ne>t go. far to find out of th.e difficulty after 19 2 3.

The rallway centre secretanes have, it is understood, explored the ground carefully, but at present hav e no definite recommendation to make. Entries on the basis of employe.d, or have. been suggested, but any gIves a sma.ll JOint raIlway the representation it enjoyed. 10 the past wIll be quite unworkable if applied proportIOnately to any of the grouped railways. This will

be readily understood when it is borne in mind that a joint railway may have quite a small mileage and staff, where the employees of all our railways approach three quarters of a mIllion in members o.nd the lines open fer traffic total nearly twenty-four thousand miles. Then again, apart, altogether from the question of the lailways, etc., the groups themselves are not equal or approximately equal in number of employees or mileage, the North Western, Midland and Scottish Ra1lways bting the largest and the Southern, the smallest of the four.

It will be within the memory of our readers that in past years the competition has been won on no fewer than five occasions by the AI:xmdra Docks and Railway Company (Newport), a comparatively small undertaking measured against the main trunk railway S) stems. at first sight this may appear somewhat extraordinary, It IS not really so, for the wmning team of even a large railway compwy may be found at a small station. The teams entered in the past have not been composed of the best individual worker;;, but the best team as ascertained by a selective process of preliminary competitions on each railway, so that it will be apparent that a one-teaLll railway may have as geod char.ces in the competition as a large railway with hundreds of stations from onE', of which a team IS selected to represent it.

Well, there is a year in which to consider the matter and it bristles with perplexities and Shall the four groups only compete, and a separate contest be arranged for outside the grouping? This is an alternative, but it deprives the several joint uilways and others of a p-ivllege they havo:! enj )yed in the past. A competition among the four best teams (one from each group) would certainly be one way out of the difficulty, but It savours of a out of others outside the grouping-the Metropolitan Railway, for im tance, is not in any of the four group3.

What i3 wanted, is a scheme which will be fair to the grouv ed and the ungrouped Can any reader devise such a scheme? If can, he will bring down the blessings of tbe allthorities on his head,

Rpaders of F/rst Aid will doubtless interested to hear what the arrangements are for the 1923 competition. provide that any railway, joint railway, or joint committee may participate as heretofore, but that railways wh ch arc grouped shall be pE:rmitted to enter the same number of teams which they would have entered (as s"parate undertakings) hld not the grouping taken place.

Tois is only an tx?edient to meet the lJeculiar circumstanr.es, as some or the railways are in the transition stage and it 'i'iould be obviously unfair to pemlise those in which the grouping is more advanced. The scheme is admittedly a makeshift to meet a particular set of conditions which WIll not recur and, if not a scientific solution of a difficulty, it is the only compromise which w1ll meet the unique situation which Its weaknp.ss lies in the fact that it may result in two or more teams from the same railway competing against one another in the final contest, an altogether undesirable feature. In a rough and ready way it is a considerc.d attempt to get 0ver the difficulty as far as the 1923 competition is concerned, but what of 19 2 4. ------.--.-------

Senior Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John is Mr. Waynman Dlxon, having been invested with that distlOction before thp. Royal Charter was granted. He was one of the inaugurators of ambulance work in the North. Mr. Dixon is a native of Newcastle, and served his apprenticeship at Elswick Works, which at that time was a very small concern belonging to Mr. Armstrong.

fetters to the

We are in no way resj6",sible /01' fke opinions expressetl., or the statements made, b, Con espondcnts.-EDITOR.

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

DEAR SIR,-I read with dismay the article in the November issue of a new method of Artificial Respiration, because you have always been strictly correct in your attitude towards the ethics of the medical profession. In this article, however, I gather that its author possesses some VI onderful method of reviving patients, of which doctors are ignorant, as is evidenced by his stori '!s of success wit/till a few secollds after qualified men had miserably failed to restore life. Remember that it is the duty of all doctors to disclose each and every item of knowledge which they may discover and which they consider likely to prove" for the benefit of humanity" (to quote the St. John motto) so that doctors practising in all parts of the world may test and use such knowledge for their patients' good. Under these circumstances I consider that the honour of your Journal is at stake when you admit to your columns an article which is full of personal performances only, and is further marred by the "resuscitation" of old stories of premature burial. The latter are based on the contorted position sometimes found in a coffined body, a peculiarity which has aga.in and again been explained on physiological grounds as eVidence, 170t of the struggles of a person buried alive, but of the contraction of the muscle fibres after death has takt!n place, while these in t/uir turn are undergoing the process of death.

Yours faithfully, FIRST AlDER

SUGGESTIONS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF COMPETITIOI S.

DEAR SIR,-I have been disappointed to note that no comments have been invoked from competitors by the articles on "Some suggestions for the improvement of First Aid The is too,large for one to attempt to deal with 10 a letter; It would require at least another article to put forward the competitor's point of view. I would point out, however, that the spectators at competitions are already considered too much; the idea that they have come to be educated is probably held by the writer almost alone; they have come to be entertamed, and to spend a social afternoon as far as possible On other hand the competitor has gone there, to compete and 1S not concerned about educating or amusmg anyone. He knows that education comes with constant study and practice and not by sitting down and watchmg teams treat the same supposed disability. He knows, belOg o,bservant, that the majority appear to be bored stiff by the time that the third team has been on and that however keen t':!eir interest it will not survive the a;rival of a platf?rm personage. knows, too, that the judge, being tired, lS hable to seek relaxat10n by amusing the crowd at h1s expense, and, worst of all, he ,knows that some judges will play to. the gallery.and expect to do the 'Same. Bearing in mmd the defimt10n of the object of these competitions may I say that the best First A1d IS that which is rendered quietly and efficiently. with no unnecessary show. The remedy seems to be to abol1sh the publ1c show, hold the Final on exactly the same lines as the Preliminary round and have a public in the evening, when it would be poss1ble to have a cmema show, lecture, etc. The whole art1cle is provocative, but other pomts may be dealt with by others. I am, yours truly, COMPETITOR.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention "First Aid ..

Presentation to Mr. W. R. Edwards.

AN interesting ctremony took place at the Cannon-strfet Hotel) London, on Friday, December 1st, when as the to a dinner given by the S.E. &c. Railway, the members of the Railway Ambulance Centre Secretaries' Conference made a present to Mr. W. R. Edwards, o.B.E, the late SecrEtary 01 the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, and who has been the SecrEtary since Its inauguration in 1897, of the Inter-Railway Competition conducted by tbe St. John Am bulance Association.

Mr. Edwards has unfortunately been compelled owing to ill health to relinquish his office in connectlOn with the Order and the St. John Association and the opportunity was taken of presentIng him with a china Tea and Coffee Service as an appreciation of his services as Secretary of the Inter-Railway Competition, and as a token of the high esteem in which he is held by the Railway Ambulance Centre Secretaries.

Mr. T. O. Mein spoke of the humanitarian side of the Ambulance movement and laid stress upon the valuable efforts which Mr. Edwards had made to further the interest of what has been his life work. It was pointed out by Mr. Mein that the railway complnie3 ow{d much to Mr. Edwards as one of the chief tactors in the inauguration of the Ict:!r-Railway Ambulance Competition in the year r897, since which time the Competition has yearly increased in popularity and extended ils range of interest.

The Chail man, Mr. E. Richards (S.E &c.) in handing over the pres(;nts to Mr. Edwards, spoke of their long association in ambulance work, and of that gentleman's readiness at all times to do whatever possible to help forward the movemf nt.

Mr. Edwards thanked the chairman and members of the Conference for the lJresentation and the kind tboughts which had prompted it, and said he would always hdve very happy recollections of his association with his railway friends.

Captain Cahusac, M. C. (Chief Secretary), Mr. Monteith, (Ass:stant Secretar»), and Mr. Ilbury (Accountant), were also present on behalf of the St. John Ambulance Association.

A splendid entertainment wac; provided by the S.E.&c. Railway. The artistes were Miss Lilian Toole, Mr. Phillip Ritte, Miss Nora Drake, Mr. Gordon

Busy Plymouth Service.

A REMARKABLE evidence of the value to Plymouth and the surrounding distl icts of the Am bulance Association is tbe following eXlract from its records. The period covered is of 16 hours duration (from 5 p m. on Wednesday, November 22nd, to 9 a.m. on Friday, NovemLer 23rd). It should be noted that the calls were responded to from the three ambulance stations during the "quiet hours," that is when no ordinary invalid removals are carried out, when the works and factonos have generally CEased, and when the heavy street traffic has abated :-

Fractured pelvis (on Dartmoor) j epilepsy and facial injuries alcoholic p01soning j sudden Illne.ss· fractUJ ed f?rearmj removal (appendicities) from fpilepttc fits; IOvahd removal (maternity); invalid removal (appendicitis; invalid removal (emp:rgency operation); cut on leg; fractured skull, scalp laceration, and burns.

J\mbulanee j\( ews euttings.

The Editor invites ,'eaden to seud l11wstaper cuttillgs en malters of interest to'- this (o/ulIln,

RIDE WITH A BROKEN LEG.

George Pallmerine, was knocked against the kerb in a Croydon street ""hile running alongside a motor-cycle teaching the rider. I mmediate help was not available, so I\1 r. Pallmerine managed to mount the machine and drive himself home.

There he was found to be suffering from a compound fracture of leg, and was conveyed by ambulance to hosp1tal.Evening News.

UXDER MOTOR·BoAT.

Two fishermen, Charles Bailey and Richard Brown, return ing from fishing, had their motor-boat overturned as it struck the beach in a heavy surf,

The men were imprisoned under the boat. Their plight was seen by Charles Osborne and Charles who tried to lift the boat but found the suction too great.

The next wave, however, righted the craft, and Bailey and Drown were washed out of her and dragged into safety by Osborne and WiIlIams.- Daily Jlin or.

BATTLE WITH DEATH.

The heart·beats of a young man who was to all appearances dead were maintained for 5 hours at i\lanchester Royal Infirmary yesterday.

The man, Norman (22), who was to have been operated upcn, was suffermg from an abscess on the brain. He collapsed at 4 a.m. and stopped breathing. His heart action continued. For five hours doctors and members of tbe infirmary staff worked in relays of two applying artlficial respirat10n and so keeping his heart beating. The beats gradually became fainter and shortly after 9 a m. they stopped,

One of the doctors who helped in the artificial respiration told a Daily lV/ad reporter that occasionally in brain disease cases the heart had been known to beat when breathing has stopped. He thought that two hours was the previous maximum time.-Daily 11£ail.

Reference was made as to the ne'N outlook for am bulance workers unrier the grouping system, and G:::neral Laure,nce. said the Midland Railway was too big an orgaDlsatlOn ,to be by any undertaking. If the company was gOlng to be marned by force it was to a great partner with great traditions, and in the new organisatton the M1dland was going to playa predominant part.

PRIORY OF WALES.--Acting on behalf of Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, !Z. B. E., Commisslonp.r for Wales, Captain Talesin E. Richards, Rhondda, performed the annual inspection of the four Cardiff Divisions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, at the Drill Hall, Law Courts, Cudlff, on DeC. 12th. The parade of men and nurses was under the command of Staff Officer J. 1. Pepp3rall, and among those present were Lady Kate Lewis, Superintendent of the Priory for Wales, Dr. De Vere Hunt, Staff Suro-eon for the City of C':l.rdiff, Superintendent Johnson, Staff'" Officer Officer Miss Metcalfe, 1\11ss Fletcher, Superintendent of the Cardiff Emergency D;vision, Chief Staff Officer David J. Francis, and Staff Officer Hortop Berry. Private Billy Davies, the well-known Cardiff boxer, was presented WIth a certi6cate for passing the second examination in am bulance work.

and J\nswet's to eot't'espondents.

-2ueries mill be dealt mitlz under tlze /ollom{ng rules :-

I.-Letters containin[, Queries must be marked on tke top left kana corner 0/ tke envelope "Query," and addressed-FIRsT Am, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4.

2. -All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut fro,t the current issue 0/ tlze Journal, or in case 0/ Queries from abroaf from a recent issue.

?-Tke Textbook, to which reference may be made in these columns is the 36th (I920) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

A Cm.lPLICATED CASE.

C. R. ( South Africa ).- On behalf of my who are members of the Brigade Overseas I send our greetings across the waters and ask you to come to our rescue again, as on previous occas ions, by kindly telling us what in your opinion, the best way to treat a man who has dIslocated h is hip , fractured his pelvis, and is also suffering from a c ompound fracture of the thigh in its upper third complic ated by severe arterial bleeding. All the injuries are on the left side.

Thanks for greetings and for the real" snorter II problem which you d is h me up from across the seas. As a fact, you cannot d o much for the dislocated hip or the fractured pelvis, e xc ept keep patient recumbent and make h im as comfortable as his pe c uliar cir c umstances allow. His life, however, is en d angered by the bleeding from femoral artery; and you mu st concentrate on this, to save life. Further, the presence of a fracture of thigh in its upper third contra-indicates attemp ts at applying a tourniquet. Therefore, I take it that all yo ur mates and you can do is to control the femoral artery by digi tal pressure on brim of pelvis (in spite of the fracture thereof ) to work together in relays until the doctor comes, and to pray earnestly that the doctor comes quickly! !-N. COREET F LE TCH ER.

T RE ATM EN T OF FRACTURl£D RIB S

S. M. ( Br istol ).- The other day I re a d an American Manual of F irst-Aid, in which it was suggested that First-Aiders should strap S imple Fracture of Ribs with bands of adhes ive pl a ster. I thought the suggestion excellent and submit it for your decision.

I d sagree and, indeed, strongly disapprove your suggestion, be ca u s e the use of strapping plaster-which is a more Or less permanen t form of treatment-is beyond the scope of First Aid, the just ification for which is that trained men and women only a c t" pending the arrival or a doctor." So stand by our Te xt book and re-read paragraph 12 on p. 26.-N.C.F.

P RUS SIC ACID POI SONING.

P. N. ( Sal isbury ).-For the treatment of Prussic Acid Poisonin g the Textbook ( p. 156) d()es not specifically tell us to g ive an emetic. Consequently I made a mistake on this point in a re cent e xamination test. Surely the Textbook ought to be more precise. May we have your opinion please ?

The Textbook first sets out General Rules (or Treatment of Poisoning ( p. 154 ) in which it is definitely stated that; "e.r{ep t 'ivhen lips a n d m outh are burn ed " (do not bother ab o ut " s ta ined ") , an emetic should be given. It then pro-

ceeds to emphasise "the Special Treatment" of certain poisons of which Prussic Acid is one; but, as you rightly suggest, unfortunately in this one instance among the special poi')ons it omits any reference to " emetic " or " general rules." As a fact, Prussic Acid is not a corrosive acid and does not burn tissues. An emetic should, therefore, be given when possible and quickly too because with this poison the patient may rapidly lose consciousness.-N.C.F.

TREA':'MEJST OF BURN S

J. M. (Pyton-on- Tyne).-Some doctors tell us not to use Picric Acid solution as a First-Aid dressing for burns, because there is a risk of setting up blood-poisoning and because it is difficult to apply any other dressing after Picric Acid has been used. On the other hand, many authorities report favourably on the use of Picric Acid. Similarly many doctors now deprecate the application of Carron Oil, because it also tends to promote sepsis.

Personally I favour Picric Acid ( r per cent. ) solution, because it is more reliable in an emergency and because it keeps better and is easier to handle than Carron Oil. Please advise.

The real danger with Picric Acid as a dressing for burns is that some First-Aiders use a concentrated, in place of the weak, solution such as you suggest; and that, consequently, there is a pressing risk of setting up inflammation followed by blood-poisoning. In view of this fact, the Textbook omits reference to PIcric Acid, which, properly used, is regarded by many authorities as the Ideal dressing for burns because it is astringent, antiseptic and analgesic - its only disadvantage being that it stains everything it touches a deep yellow colour. The risk, however, of sepsis following the use of Carron Oil especially when the surface of skin is broken, is now admitted on all sides in view of the great difficulty experienced in rendering (and keeping ) oil surgically pure. Consequently, the Textbook no long er suggests oils as dressings (or bL1rns.N.C.F.

BLEEDING FROM EAR

L. E. (Hull).-In a recent test among ourselve s I was given this individual test-" You .find this man w ith brig lzt red blood issuing from the inner ear. Wlzat is the matter with him, and wiiat would you I said that the cause was probably a ruptured blood vessel in head and that I should apply ( I) digital pressure to carotid artery, and (2) cold to side of head. Was I right? Please advise.

I regret that, in view of the total absence of detail in your test, I cannot assist you. Before I made a diagnosis or suggested treatment, I should want more facts, such as ;-Was the h;:emorrhage due to accident or disease? Was it profuse or scanty? Was patient conscious or unconscious? &c., &c.-N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF KIDNEY I J URIE S

J. S. (York).-In the latest edition of the Textbook the application of cold is recommended for the treatment of Injuries to Kidneys (p. 121 ) In previous editions" hot fomentations 11 were always advised. Is this marked change of treatment to be attributed to shock or to the nature of this injury? Your explanation will be appreciated.

In the latest edition of the Textbook an attempt was clearly made to simplify the subject and to be consistent in the treatment advised for all cases of concealed (internal) h cc morrhage. 1< rom the First-Aid standpoint, therefore, the external application of cold, even for kidney injuries, is probably correct because cold tends to limit loss of blood from an

December, 1922. -FIRST

internal organ. Some doctors, however-with whom I agree -favour the application of heat for kidney injuries, because it soothes pain, minimises shock, and often produces the same effect, as cold, on concealed h c:e morrhage.

The point, however, is not important (I) because heat and cold produce the same result, and (2) because the patient's feelings (and wishes ) control the situation to this extent that we should not continue with cold applications if patient complained that these failed to relieve or actually made pain more severe.-N.C.F.

DRE SS ING BANDAGE FOR FOOT.

A. G. (Newcastle-on-Tyne ).-In the diagram of the Dressing Bandage for Foot (Textbook, p. 162 ), the bandage is shown as having been carried round the ankle. No mention however, is rr ade of this turn in the instructions given p. J63 for applying this bandage; and, therefore the diagram cannot be copied in practice. Which meth'od is correct, please ?

You direct attention to an old difficulty, because, if you follow the instruction s on p. 163, then not only are the turns ankle absent, as you say, but a V-shaped depression ( m place of the square-cut border m the diagram) is formed when the po int of the bandage is pulled forward

The illustration is obviously reproduced from a sketch and not from a photograph, and cannot be copied unless you a bandage much 1,:Hger than the ordinary triangular bandage or unless you practise on the small foot of a child. By the way the d iag:am in the Bru ce editior: of the Textbook ( 1901) wa; true to mstructlons, the present Jllustrati,m being apparently i ntroduced when Dr. Cantl ie revised the Manual. For purposes, however, the point is immaterial; and It suffi ce s If the bandage, applied in accordance with the instructions o n p. 163, keeps the dressing in position.-N.C.F.

I NJ URI ES TO ST OMACH.

E. S. (Victoria).-In a recent competition the patient was suffermg from a grave injury to stomach. On this account I act e d on the Textbook instructions (p. 107), and refused point-blank to give anything by the mouth. Subsequently, I that allotted marks for ., giving ice to suck. I mamtam that Ice to suck " means" water in stomach" ; . and that, consequently, the giving of ice to su c h a patIent would be contrary to the Textbook "on the basis " of which the competition was conducted.' Do you agree ?

Yes-most e mphatically so.-N.C.F.

DRES SING BANDAG E FOR SHO ULD ER.

A. G. (N ewcastle ):-The of the Dressing Bandage for Shoulder In the diagram on p. 161 of Textbook is the small arm-,sling and closely with the diagram on P: 46; fhe accompanying II1strur.tlOns, however, for it s applicatIon seem to be for a different sling altogether. Please tell us whether the sling should be applied as in diagram or as directed.

Here you note an old difficulty. In the editions of prevIous to the latest ( 36th ), two sz'milar yet ditJerent dtC!grams were shown for arm-sling and for .sling of dressingbandage of shoulder, a result whIch gave nse to much discussion and some confusion.

An attem.p! was, therefore, made by those responsible for the last revIsIon of the Textbook to remedy Ihis fault. Unfortunately, the change was made without "discrimithe original instructions were left unaltered. Difficulty anses ?escription of the sling for dressing (p. J61) IS dei az l ed zn the reve?'se order to for armslmg (p. 46), and cannot, therefore, be carried out to produce an

AID - 1I3

exact copy of the diagram, unless the broad bandage used as arm-sling is passed over and then under the patient's forearm. -N.C.F.

BUR N WITH BLE E DIJS G

D. M. (Dublin ) -In a recent competition we were asked how we would treat a man who trod on a piece of white hot iron which bored through his boot and caused bleeding as well as burn of foot. Please may we have your detailed treatment?

H ce morrhage is always a possible-though rare-complication of a burn, and IS most likely to occur after contact with a "live" electrical wire. Its occurren c e is usually unlikely because heat - !'.g-, hot iron - would tend to sear the openings of any torn vessels and so prevent b leeding. When, however, a burn is compl cated by ble edi n g then the General for Treatment of Burns and of Bleed in g must be comblTIed. Thus, fir s t place your pat ient in re c umbent and comfortable position and warmly wrapped up - to c o m bat shock; then elevate foot, remove b oot and fully expose inj ure d part; then cover wound with "clean dry absorbent dre ssi n g ," such fol? of boracic lint; then apply a fi rm p ad , and tIe m posttlon narrow bandage - to c ontrol b eed in 15 ; then swathe foot In cott o n wool and cover in with dress in g bandage for foot-to exclude a ir completely from burn ed are a ; an.d finally remove patient to doctor, with injured fo o t kept raised. -N . C.F.

FRACT URES OF A R:\J AN }) FOR EAR:\ I.

C. L. (Woodhouse ) .-Recer.tly a v.:orkman at a loc a l coll iery sustalDed a compound fracture of arm and a simple fracture of forearm, both injuries on same side. If I c ontrolled bleeding by digital pressure on subclav ia n arte r y untIl the wound had been treated and dressed, then app li e d angular spl ints ( weill padded ) to inner and outer SIde s of limb, and finally supported limb in small arm-sl in g -should I be doing the right thing for my patient ? I sugge s t th s because I regard the broken humerus as the more ser io us injury. Am I right? Please may I have your a ssi3t anc e with this problem?

I see no reason why in practice your treatment should not be successful, thoug h in theory I cannot understand wh y yo u select a small armsllng, the ind ication for wh ic h s ne aa t ived when you apply two right-angled splints. For my s elf I bshould prefer to deal first with the arm ( wound and fracture ) hen w ; th the forearm in the ordinary war, and t o a pply a small arm-slmg for ItS supposed benefi CIal e ffect of tendin g to keep separated the fragments of the broken humerus. - N. C.F

N. E. D. (Gloucester ) asks can a m e mber of a local ambul a n c e class, with 15 years efficiency, obtain the Bri g ade S ilver Medal.

No. To obtain this decoration you must be a member of the Brigade.

The Order of St. J obn and the British Red Cross Society have arranged, through the Ministry of Pension s as previous years, to proVIde additional comfo rts, such as cIgarettes, tobacco, chocolate and games, for the m e n in Ministry hospitals on Christmas Day. There are, howev e r ex·service I?ensioners .who will be patients in other hospit als: and the Jomt Commtttee of the two bodies is endeav o u ring to .get in t(:>uch with hospitals so that no e lig Ible r.ases 10 hospitals, on Christmas Day may fail to r e c e ive the same gifts as those in Pensions Hospitals.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention "FlrstAld."

3lractical 3loints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special reference to good and bad points in 7 reatment-jor inclusion in this Column.

DEATH FRO?! LYSOL BURNS.

A man had been to a drug store and was in the act of entering a taxi-cab when he stumbled up against the door of the cab and kno-:ked a side pocket in whIch was a bottle of Lysol. Immediately aftt:rwards he complained of burning pains down his left leg, as though the limb was on fire. While in the cab, he became coliapsed and was driven without delay to a hospital, where he died soon after admission.

At the inquest death was attributed to shock and coma consequent on the absorption of Lysol, which had escaped from the broken bottle and burned his lower limb from buttock to heel.

M.R.-Cannon Street.

FIRST-ATD WITH RESOURCEFULl'lESS.

Not long ago I witnessed an act which ap tl y illustrates the dictum-C' First-Aid stands for Prevention." A powerful motor-car was being driven into a certain provincial town when a small child, running across the road, stumbled and fell just when the car was only a few feet away. WIth remarkable presence bf mind a young woman leaped into the roadway, snatched the child into her arms, placed her left hand on the radiator cap of the car, and, clasping the child with her right hand, vaulted on to the front part of the bonnet Qf the car. In this perilous and awkward position she clung, and slipped off as the car was brought to a standstill. Thanks to this splendid action of a brave woman, no accident occurred and no need of FIrst-Aid arose.

L.R.-Charlton Park

AI D- December, 19 22

THE COLLECE OF AMBULA CE.

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Home Office Pattern. STERILIZED DRESSINCS.

Are ideal dressings for factories and workshops.

For Pr'ices of Dressings and Cabinets apjJly to THE ASEPTO BANDAGE CO., 46, Cannon St., London, E.C.4.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In U PRESCRIPTION READINC" and " ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once.

The Trevarno Shield which is open to teams In the mining area of Cornwall was this year won by St. Stephen's team with 192 marks, closely follow e d by Dolcoath Mine 190. Truro being placed third with 170. The judge was Major Ewing, of Falmouth

MIDLAND RAILWAY AMBULANCE. - An interesting and keen competition was held at Sheffield Midland Station on D roth, for Dr. Brown's Silver Cup, which was presented in 1904 for competition by railway men in the Sheffield district. The holders were Queen's-road, who have held it since 1914. The competitors were Sheffield P'}ssenger Department, Queed's-r oad, and Millhouses Loco, the latter winning with 109 points out of a possible I27. Sheffield Passenf!;er put up a good fight with 102 points to their credit. The judge was Dr. Hudson, who takes a very interest in ambulance work. His test was a man supposed to have been run over by a waggon, causing fractured pelvis, with complications, the teams were given 15 minutes to treat the case, which included carrying the patient about 40 yards, the Loco team finished in 12 mins. Dr Toyne was the lecturer to the winning t ea m. The interest taken in ambulance work by railwaymen in this district was shown by the large number of sp ec tators present.

A member or S.J.A.B. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T. B.)

Special terms now-half fees-to members of S.J.A.B., &c. Apply (stamp) to MR. J: E. WALDBN, Sec., College (Lady Dispenser Section of the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 1874) 112. St. George's Road. Soutbwark. London.

PAPE POCKET

ape essential fop NASAL HYGIENE. INFLUENZA. COLDS, lIay -Fever, Measles. etc PIl1'e wltilc!, soft" SiU.')' Flore," t) 0 for 2/-. Also "Papier Crepon," thicker, 50 for 1 /8 Get' ''l'OINOCO'' brand at your chemist's and avoid self-infection with a fabric handkerchief. Post Free, Dept. S, Toinoc:o Co., 55, Hatton Garden, London.

Price 6d. net Post free 7d. NOTES ON FIRST AID SIMPLIFIED.

By Sidney H. Lamb.

A Handbook in a tahula-ted and simplified form giving the main points in first aid, so arranged as to impress them on the memory of the student DA.LE, REYNOLDS & CO Ltd •• 46. Cannon St., I.ONDON. E.C.4 • "FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

To be cut out and enclosed with all Queries DEC., I922.

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It is a non-irritating, non-staining, painless, Iodine preparation. Avad yourself of the remarkable properties of IODEX in the first-aid treatment of many simple conditions which do not ordinarily require medical attention.

Cuts, tears, scratches, sions, bruises, sprains, stiff and swollen joints, burns, scalds, chapped hands, blains, yield readily to trea m nt with Iodine when applied in the form of ,, IODEX ,, NO STAIN------NO PAIN

Obtainable in 2 · pots, at most Chemists or direct from MENLEY & JAMES, Ltd., 39, Farringdon Rd., London, E.C.1.

FIRST AID X=RAY ATLAS OF FRACTURES & DISLOCATIONS

AND THEIR FIRST AID TREATMENT.

By H. C. ORRIN. O.B.E., F.R.C.S.,

Examine r ill First-Aid 10 the Injured, etc., et r Showing actual Fractures by means of Photographs. Pocket Size (7 in. x 4 in).

In Cloth Cover. Pp. 80, with 46 IIlustralions on 18 Plates. Price 3/6 net (postage 3d.).

FIRST AID X=RAY ATLAS OF THE ARTERIES.

By the same Author.

By means of X-Ray Plates the complete Arterial System is demonstrated, an d the points for the application of rressure for the control and arrest of Hremorrhage are indicated.

Pocket Size.

In Cloth Cover. Pp. 48, with I Illuslrations on 9 Plates. Price 2/6 net (postage 2d.).

BAILLIER.E, TINDALL &. COX, 8, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.2.

A GREAT FIRST AID AID. TO

A WORK that justifies its claim to be an epitome of all that specialised medical and surgIcal knowledge ntcessary for First Aiders, as well as an authontative manual or reference on all information relatmg to Health and Disease, is a work to be w elcomed by all our readers who wish to study their subject more deeply than is possIble from superficial t e xt books.

In "The Modern Physician," by Dr. Andrew Wilson, fullest space is devoted to "First Aid" and Am bulance Work. In respect of completeness, accuracy of descnption and wealth of illustration, .1 The Modern Physician" stands without a rival amongst the works published on this important subject. It is scientifically accurate and reliable without being dull the name of its editor, so long and popularly known as an expositor of H<:alth laws and a teacher of Hygiene, is a guarantee of this. This work IS absolutely complete as regards Health and Disease.

As a knowledge of the body in Health is necessary to the due understanamg of the body whpn its functions are deranged by disease, a d e scription of every part of the frame will be found here. The skeleton, muscles, digestive system, heart and lungs, brain and nervous system, organs of s ense, skin, kidneys and the body's microscopic structure are duly described. In this connection the illustrations are of particular value, the "manmkins" or dummies more especially; in these the organs are made to overlap each other exactly as they do in the human body.

The section devoted to Hygiene includes the full exposition of the Laws of Htalth, and special attention is devoted to Physical Culture. Such topics as foods, b e verages, air, exercise, clothing. sleep, baths, holidays temperament, &c., are treated in this section.

The last volume is especially devoted to the Health of Women, and Dr. Wilson has here been assisted by a of eminent women phYSIcians. Midwifery and the treatment and Diseases of Infants are here fully dealt with.

A FEW OPINIONS.

Mr. J. DANIEL, Kent Avenue, Ashford, writes:" Its all-round excellence makes it a valuable acquisition_ The section dealing with ambulance work is especially good. The book is written in splendid style and the illustrations are first rate. The method of payment places it within the reach of all."

1\l1ss I. C. Matron, MetropOlitan Hospital, writes:-i "The 'l\Iodern Physician' is an excellent \\. ork and very lucidly written. So many text-hooks. too difficult for the a\'erage nUlse to use, but the 'l\J odem PhYSICIan seems thor ughlv up to date and yet simple to understand. 1 am pHticularly impressed by the lent type, printing and good illustrations."

JUr.A.. H. HART, Caobury Park Kingston·on.Thames, writes:" Af er a cal efu] perusal of the Pc ),sician' I am forced to the conclusion that there ale so many c mmendable points in ccm nection with it that it is exceedingly diffi cu ll to indlvdualize its in numerable merits; but if there were three things which especially im pressed me, they were as follows :-(1) The up-to-date character of the work; (2) the Simplicity of the language used; (3) its practIcability.

A FREE 80 KLET.

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PUBLICATIONS BY COLONEL R. J. BLACKHAM, C.R, c.l\I.G., C.LE., D.S.O., M.D., M.R.C.P.E., D.P.H.(Lond. Kni ght of Grace of St. John, Member of the Order of Mercy, Kaiser·i·Hind Medalist, Barrister·at·Law, Asst. ·Commissioner St. John Ambulance Brigade.

AID.- December, 1922.

MANUALS OF FIRST-AID, &C.,

By

N. COItBET FLETCHEQ, M.B., B.C., B.A.(Caotab), M.It.C.S.

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free, IS. Flrst·Ald Simplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory.

Col. Sir lames Cantlie contributes an introduction and we endorse his gooa opinion 0/ tMbook."-LANCET.

AIDS TO HOME-NURSINQ.

Second Edition. Price IS., post free. Home-Nursing Simplified and Tabulated, wltll Aids to Memory.

" This book '1lJonder/ully simplifies a complex subject and should be read bll all students."-L. & N.W. Rv. GAZETTE.

EFFIOIENOY IN FiRST-AID.

Post free, II. 3d.

Problems In Study, Treatment and Examluatlon solved for Seulor Studeuts.

., Witl,out doubt tM book will be 0/great service in tlte training 0/ those for whom it is deri,R 1fed. -BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

OOMMON IN FiRST-AID.

I S. net post 311. Errors in First·Aid De railed and Explained.

" TI,is book g vcs a clcarer ;n sigld n o tI,e lIletl, od s a n d di/Jicult ies 0./ emerg en cy t reat men by lay m en t l,an tlte o(jicial 'j extbook itseif."- LA NCET WHY AND IN FIRST-AID. Third Edition. Price 15., post free. Difficulties fn Study and Treatment 80lved by Question and Answer.

"We commend this book to Lecturers and Students who will find it 0/ great seHJiee. "-FIRST AID.

HINTS FOR HOSPITAL ORDERLIES. Post free, 9d.

Orderly DUties Simplified aud Tabulated, with Aids to Memory, A most compact brochure which contains much usejul in/ormation. jPRESCRIBER.

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AN INDEX OF IFIRST-AID. Fcap. 8vo. Post free, Is.8d.

FIRST AID IN FEW WORDS. (82nd thousand). With Coloured Diagrams . 12 pp Fo ld er. Cl oth , 6d. Paper ld. Pos t !,d HOME NURSING IN FEW WORDS. (26th thousand).

With us eful refer ence tables 14 pp. Pape r, 2d. BANDAGINC DIAGRAMS.

A Com pan ion Folder to above. 12 pp Paper,- 2d. Pos t §d. HEALTH IN FEW WORDS.

FIRST AID

- AND THEST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the :loth of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily For by the name and address of the Correspond en t.

In administration have existed in respect of matters of less importance, which give cause for some conjecture as to what will happen under the new order of things. Ambulance matters in Scotland have hitherto been organised under the auspices of the St. Andrew Ambulance Association, and in England and Wales under the Order of St. John. Will this be perpetuated now railways in England and Scotland are under one administration?

DALE, REYNOLDS

46. OANNON STREET, & CO., Ltd., LONDON, EJ.O.4.

WE SPECIALIZE IN S.J.A.B. UNIFORMS.

OFFICERS' UNIFORNS, CAPS, SAM BROWNE BELTS, GREATCOATS, RANK and FILE UNIFORMS, BELTS and POUCHES, CAPS, HAVERSACKS, GLOVES s etc.

Pa tterns and part icuiars, with Self-measurement Forms, sent to any address by return of post.

SPECIAL LINES.

S.J.A.B. Tunic and Trousers = £2 7 6 (Black Vic una or Serge)

S.J.A.B. Trousers - 12/6 &. 16/6 per pair (Stock , all si7.es ) (P ostage 9d.)

AMBULANCE NURSES COATS

37/6

By I{, t1 FIRTH, O.P.h., F.R C.S. 20th Thousand. Paper folder 3 in. and 4in. Po st free 3d. net.

By HOWARD M. PRESTON. Demonstrator to the Polytechnic.

THE TRIANCULAR BAN DAGE

Its Application Accurately Desc:ibed by Words and 116 Diagrams. 116 Illus. Price, IS. net; postage 2d.

THE ROLLER BANDAGE.

Its Application Accurately Described by Words and 162 Diagrams. Price, IS. net; postage, 2d.

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS. Thirteen (r to 12 and J4) on Roller. Post free, 3s. 9d. net. No 13 (separately) Male and Female Genital Organs, IS.

THE COMPLETE MANIKIN.

Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy, Medicine, First-Aid and Allied Subjects. Price 25. net; postage, 4d. THE WHOLE ART OF BAN DAGING. By THEKLA BOWSER. Illustrated. Post free, IS. 3d. POCKET FIRST AID SERIES. THIRD EDITION.

By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C.M.G .. C.I.E .• 0.5.0 M.D. (1) Poisoning, (2) Hremorrhage, (3) Insensibility, (4) Asphyxia (Suspended Breathing), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, (6) Wounds, Bites, Burns, Scalds, Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series contains all the essentials of First Aid. Printed on linen-lined cards, 3i" x 6d. net each; postage 2d. extra.

HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS.

By NOEL D. BARDSWELL, M.V.O., M.D., F.R.C.P. Fscp. 8vo. limp cloth. IS. 6d. net; post 3d. THE BIRTH AND EARLY DAYS OF OUR AMBULANCE TRAINS IN FRANCE-AUGUST, 1914, to APRIL, 1915. By "WAGON-LIT." lo kd. post free. JOHN BALE, SONS a DANIELSSON. Ltd 88-91, Great Tltchfield Street, London, W.l.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4.

7 elegraplzic Address.' (( Twentll-jour, London."

7 deplzone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

The late Midland Rail way, now part of th e London, Midland and Scottish Railway system, whilst having one of the most efficient rail way am aulance organisations in the country, and possibly the highest percentage of trained ambulance workers, did not previously follow the practice of the other large railway companies in organising first aid competitions, neither had a Midland team competed for the Inter-railway Challenge Shield in past years. Will a common policy be applied to the whole of the London, Midland and Scottish Railways; and, if so, will competitions be fostered?

Some Changes in Railway Ambulance

THE order" All change" so familiar to railway travellE.rs was operative in regard to the railway companies themselves on New Year's day when, under the Rail. ways Act, 192 I, all the well-known comOrganisatIon. panies' names (with one solitary Exception) passed into the limbo of the lost. These changes are more sweeping and far-reaching than any that have hitherto occurred in the history of British railways, and the many railway readers of FIRST AID will be anxious to ascertain what the effect may be upon the various railway ambulance organisations.

Certain of the railways have granted long serVice or efficiency medals to their ambulance workers. Entrants into the new railway groups are wondering if this feature will be extended or otherwise. In this connection it is interesting and encouraging to recall that when the London and North Western and Lancashire and Yorkshire Railways amalgamated the long service medal instituted on the northern railway was extended to employees of the southern soon after the fusion.

All Wool G rey, and Black Serge.

E xt ra qua lity mate ri al. Strictly to regulation.

THORNTON &

Postage 1/co., 24, Commercia' St., BRIGHOUSE.

T EL RP lI 'NE 281.

ARMY Stretchers, with Slings, i5 dozen, lOS. each.Firth, Wakefield-road, Pontefract.

F OR SALE.-Horse Ambulance, Stretcher and lever for lowering 5ame; coach huilt panel body; £r8 or near offer; illustration stamped envelope - WinsJade, II 5, Eaststreet, Farnham, Surrey

Now is your chance for d£scrimination. Full sized (bleached) TRIANGULAR BAN DAGES, suitablt: for competition work. 5s. 1 rd. per dozen, carriage paid. Be tactfztt and order now; limited quantit.y. -Robinson and Sharples, Werneth Cotton Warehouse, Oldham.

The larger railway companies have for many years been particularly well organised in regard to ambulance matters. Presumably many of the railway centres will now be merged under a single control for each of the four groups.

In the past there has been, generally speaking uniformity ot practice with regard to actual first aid instruction, class organisation and so forth, but differences

Among other questions which must inevitably arise, IS the selection of the personnel to carryon ambulance work on the railways. It would indeed be presumptious on our part to say anything upon this question beyond expressing the pious hope that those who have laboured long in the vineyards will not be overlooked when the new appointments are made. If the railway ambulance movement has been fortunate in one respect, it has been in the selection of its Centre secretaries and others, and we incline to the opinion that the progress that has been made in the past, and the happy relations which now obtain between employer and employed in the railway

No. 343.-VOL. XXIX JANUARY, 19 2 3.

world are in no small measure attributable to the tact and sympathies displayed by the ambulance secretaries.

The e){isting personnel h'lve done much to bring the Movement to its present high state of efficiency, and it would indf'ed be a pity if the services of those who, without any hope of reward or self-aggrandisement, have given so many years to thp. building up of the work should not, wherever possible, be retained to carry it on under the new regime.

Ambulance Arrangements at Factories.

By permission of the Editor of the Scottish Welfare Magazine, "The Compass," we are enabled to publish the ambulance arrangements in force at the works of M e ssrs. Glenfield & Kennedy, Ltd., which were in operation long before directi ve compelled the observance of large manufacturing concerns in this respect. Messrs. Glenfield & Kennedy work in conwith this scheme an efficient "Safety First" campaIgn.

First Aid clas ,es for employees are held from September to December each year. All pupils regularly attending aDd passing the exam. have their class fees paid by the Company

A First-Aid box is established in each shop, and the name of the ambulance attendant is displayed on a red board with white lettering. These boxes are used for first dressings of minor injuries only. The attendant encourages the most promising ambulance pupil in the shop, so that he may acquire nerve and experience. For any subsequent re dressings necessary, the p.ltient visits the Works' Ambulance Room during the last half-hour of the working day. As First-Aid is rendered, a record is made by the shop attendant, and this is sent tc:l the Welfare Superviser. The ambulance room is staffed during this half-hour by two or three of the senior men in the service, and who can handle 20 patients in that time. Thus time is saved in the shops, and dressings are clean and presentable for the leisure hours of the evening.

Another system is employed for serious cases. An efficient service of telephones has been installed, consisting of some 60 instruments, on each of which hangs a card instructions. In the Central Exchange hangs an aerial photograph of the works, dotted with discs of coloured paper over each department-red indicatlng ambulance boxes and attendants; two green discs the ambulance officers; a pale blue disc, the Welfare Supervisor; and white discs for the telephones, each disc bearing its respective telephone number.

In the event of a serious accident at any number b {: ing reported to the Exchange, the operator Selects the two nearest red discs, and informs them of the accident. The ambulance attendants there located proceed im. mediately to the scene of the accident. After attention has been paid to the patient, transport is effected to the Ambulance Room, where the case is thoroughly tre'l.ted, and prepared for the journey horne, or to the Infirmary.

In the event of a very large accident, further help is requested through the same telephone, the operator then notifying other red discs. Thus the whole ambulance

A I D- January, 1923.

corps can, in a very few minutes, be concentrated at any point in the works.

The telephone line to the town exchange is kept open during the accident for communication to the infirmary, or to doctors. (This, however, only on the instructions of the ambulance officers).

Confusion is thus avoided, and from beginning to end, the minimum amount of excitement, fuss, and muddle is experienced. The expeditious attention to, and transport of. the patient is effected, thus obtaining maximum efficiency.

St. john J\mbulance J\ssociation.

PLYMOUTH CENTRE.-During the New Year Atlantic gales there were many casualties at sea. Three ambulance attendants from the Plymouth Service had an exciting Experience on January 2nd during the storm.

A message was received at Plymouth, where special arrangements exist for maritime ambulance work, that a large steamer, the "Dunaff Head," bound from America to Holland, had a serious accident on b()ard. On the vessel's arrival off the Port, and doctor and a squad equipped with special lifting appliances embarked in a motor launch. Owing to the heavy seas it was difficult to board the ship. At length a serious compound fracture was splinted, and the officer, who was also suffering from head injuries, was lowered to the launch in a "Kirker Sleigh," warmly wrapped in blankets and waterproofs, and safely taken to the waiting am bulance ashore j thence to hospital. The patitnt appeared none the worse for his hazardous journey.

AMBULANCE WORK AT FIRES.-At Plymouth 'the St. John Ambulance Association has to provide am bulance attendants and more cars at every outbreak of fire. A few weeks ago, the local Fire Brigade was called to an apparently serious fire at a home containing several bed-ridden persons. Within ten minutes of the alarm two motor ambulances and fifteen men on the scene; a further car and an equal number of workers were on the point of despatch when the alarm was cancelled, as fears for the safety of the premises haci proved groundless.

When the attendants from the Plymouth Ambulance Service arrived with the Fire Brigade, at a recent fire in a large dwelling house they certainly had to exercise tact and discrimination. While the firemen dealing with the outbreak, they, in an adjacent apartment which was filled with smoke, had to render first aid to an old man suffering from burns, snpervise removal of a child very ill with measles and suffering from shock, and later calm the hysterical mother. Fortunately the fire was soon mastered, the burned patient removed to hospital, and the child taken to an improvised bed in another part of the house and the doctor telephoned for.

The polic5-surgeon was called to the station to see a prisoner who lay muddy and dishevelled on the floor. After examination, he exclaimed "This man is not drunk. He has been drugged." 1\ Yes, Sir," said a policeman, "I drugged him all the way here myself, by the scruff of the neck."

January, 19 2 3. -FIRST

:The Grand of the Order of the }{ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

:rhe St. John .Ambulance Srigade.

Prince of Wales's District DISTRICT ORDERS.

COMMISSIONER: W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL FEBRUARY, 1923.

Sunday, 4th.-No. 7 Division, Toynbee Hall.

IIth.-No. 9 " St. John's Gate, NO.2. 18th.-N o. 10 St. Marks. 25th.-No. II Wembley & Harlesden.

"

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m. CHANGE OF_ TITLE.

The title of NO.1 District has been altered from "The Prince of Wales's Corps" to "The Prince of \Vales's District."

The distinctive badge of the Prince of Wales's Feathers will still be worn by all members of the District. THE OFFICERS' FUND.

Officers are reminded that their subscription to the above fund were due on January 1st, and the treasurer, Captain J. Calvin Lines would be glad if officers would forward without further delay. The amount of the subscription is 5s.

ANNUAL RETURNS.

It should be noted that Form B. F.5 is now obsolete, being incorporated in Form B.F.1. Divisions should arrange to hold their annual meeting as early as possible, and forward the minute books to headquarters with a copy of B.F.I2 pasted in. COMPETITIONS.

It is hoped to arrange the usual Competitions early in April, and Divisions who intend to compete should prepare accordingly.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending ne\\ s paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDlTOR.

At the Divisional Meeting of No. I (Children's Home) Nursing Division S.J.A.B. held on Friday! Dec. 15th, 1922, the following testimonial to Miss Blye Bourke, who has recently resigned the position of Supt. of the Division, was presented by the officers and members:

DEAR MISS BLYE BOURKE,-

It is with sincere regret that the announcement of your resignation has been received by us, the un de! signed officers and members of your S.J.A. B. Division. We wish we could adequately express our appreciation of all you have been to, and all you have done for, No_ I Nursing Division_ Since you first started the Division in 1890, your personality, your tact and good

AID.- II9

sense have gained and retained the loyal co-operation and affection of all your members.

We look back to the four and a-half years of the Great War and the strenuous days spent at "Roseneath." We remember how you ever strove to encourage and cheer your nurses; to smooth away difficulties when they arose and to keep us a loyal, united and happy band 9f workers to the end.

This letter expresses but feebly the feeling that prompts it, but please accept, dear Miss Bourke, the love and gratitude of each of us. In the appointment of your sister, Miss Edith Bourke, it is a consolation to feel we shall still have your interest and help.

N.C.O.'S CLUB.-A lecture will be given on Thursday, February 1st at 7.30 p.m., W. H. Smith & Sons' Club, II, Milford-lane, Strand, W.C.2, entitled: "(Ambulance Work on the L.C.C. London Ambulance Service ") by Staff-Sergt. Wakefield No. IO Division. Th is lecture appeals to all N.C.O.'s to know how and where THEY can call an ambulance. Any N.C.O. wishing to become a member can get full particulars from H. J. Palmer, Hon. Sec., 70, Newington Greenroad, N. r.

No. 2 District.

OXFORD.-A very plea<;ing ceremony took place before a large gathering of officers, N.C.O.'s and men of the Oxford City Division, on December 19th, in the City Police Drill Hall, when Dr. Dickson, Corps Supt. presented on behalf of the City Division a beautiful Silver Teapot to Ambulance Officer E. E. Bateman on his retiring from the post of Hon. Sec., a position he held for 15 years. Dr. Dickson who was ably s,:pported by District Staff J. C. R. Freeborn, Esq., spoke m eloquent terms of the splendid work of this officer and his untiring energy and loyalty in all his work on behalf of the City Division. Ambulance Officer Bateman suitably replied and thanked all present for their kindness, and he would treasure the gift which would bind him more if it were possible to the work and interest of the St. John Ambulance and especially his comrades in the City Division.

No. 5 District.

The third quarterly meeting of the Officers of Corps and Divisions in the Nottinghamshire area was held at the Swan Hotel, Mansfield, on December 9th. District Staff Officer Captain C. Muschamp entertained them to tea. An area competition was and it was ultimately decided -to hold one annually on k.n<;>c.k-out lines. Corps Surgeon and Supt_ H. W. Spalght, DIVISIOnal Surgeon and Supt. Morris Divisional Supts. Hardy, Smales, Slight, and Vardy appointed a Committee to make the necessary arrangements. A handsome cup was kindly given by the Mansfield Division as the trophy for competition; also a smaller one for the runners-up. It was decided to seek the sanction of the Commissioner to hold a week-end area camp at vVhitsuntide. D.O. 209 was discussed, and it was afterwards resolved that a Flag Day be held in the area on a convenient date as near St. John'S Day as possible, and that Corps and Divisions make their own arragements.

No. 6 District.

CONSETT.-An enjoyable evening was spent on January 3rd, when the Consett and District Ambulance and Nursing divisions met together with their friends in the Avenue Hall, Consett. Advantage was taken of the occasion by the members of both divisions to present to Corps Supt. Cameron and Mrs. Cameron two framed photographs of themselves, to commemorate twenty-five years of service completed by Supt_ Cameron.

Corps Officer J. H. Pigg of the Mid-Durham Corps, an

-FIRST

old comrade of Mr. Cameron's performed the presentation ceremony in a very able manner. Speaking at some length on the work done by Supt. Cameron and recalling many incidents in both their careers as ambulance workers. He said he was very pleased that he had been asked to make the presentation, for he knew the amount of work that had been put into the movement. He was also pleased that Mrs. Cameron was included in the presentation, and in handing the photographs to them he hoped they would be long spared to carryon the good work.

Corps Supt. Cameron, on behalf of Mrs. Cameron and himself, suitably returned thanks. He said that twenty-five years ago he attended an ambulance class under the late Dr. George Renton, and looking back over that period he had no regrets that he had taken up the work. He took up the work the same as many more had done simply with a view to making himself efficient, and being able to render skilled assistance to a fellow man in case of aCCident or distress.

He was pleased that he had carried on and was proud of the ambulance and nursing divisions over which he had charge, and proud of the good work they were doing.

During the evening solos and duets were rendered by M essrs Whaley and Durrant and Misses Madge Russell and Olive Tilley. A splendid supper was provided by Mrs. Robert Iley. Votes to the artists and all who had helped, brought the evening to a very successful close.

No. 8 District.

GUILDFORD.-The Supt. of the Guildford Ambulance Division sends us a neat little calendar issued to the members of the Division last year. Its main feature is the eight points of the cross which are set out out in the following way: -

OBSERVATION.

" Observation, not old age, bring s wisdom."-The Classics. TA CT.

"Good manners and soft words have brought many a difficult thin g to pass."-John Vanbrough.

RE SOURCEFULNESS.

"But screw' your courage to the sticking place and we 'll not fail.- iWacbeth

D EXTERITY

"Excellent with his tongue but his right hand remiss."Virgil.

EXPLICITNESS.

"Exactitude is the politeness of Kings."-Maxim Of Louis XVIII.

DISCRlMINATION.

" You must use your own judgment."- Cicero. PERSEVERANCE.

" God is with those who persevere."-Kora1Z. SYMPATHY.

"Sympathy without relief is like mustard without beef.Old Proverb.

The Supt. also informs us that the Division is instructed to remember the eight points of the cross by the following method :-

Old Times aRe DEaD Pretty Soon.

I z 3 45 6 7 8

Th is is quite a good way to remember them in their correct order.

No. Q District.

In response to the Special Brigade Order issued in 19 19 by the Chief CommiSSIOner that Nursing Divisions should assist in civil work where required, the officers and members

AI D.- January, 1923.

of the Newton Abbot Nursing Division have been doing so ever since. They visit the patients at their homes at the request of the doctors of the town and supply them with such Nursing requisites as are necessary.

From November 1919-December, 1922, 56 cases have been attended, 1, 8 17 visits have been paid.

No. 10 District.

LINCOLN -The close of the 1922 marked a milestone in the history of Lincoln St. John Ambulance C orps with the ending of the first quarter of a century of its ex is tence. Thus it is that two of its promotors still on the register hold long service medals and bars. Lieut.-Col. F. S. Lambert and Corps Officer W. L. Frafford.

Special efforts have been made to distinguish the year, and the success as shown in the report is the result, while the attempt to make the annual inspection an interesting demonstration for the public who support the cause, was amply justified, judging by the great gathering of spectators on that occasion.

The Annual Genera l Meeting of the Corps, held at the Guildhall on the 5th inst, was presided over by the Corps Superintendent, Dr. R Ashleigh Glegg, when there was a large attendance of officers and members.

Corps Officer W. A. Codd presented the annual report, which stated that during the first five months of the year the subjects in the" First-Aid " Textbook were dealt with previous to the annual re-examinaticn, which took place on May 18 for A and B Divisions, and on June 13 and October II for the Nursing Division. The result of these examinations were 54 passes.

During the year a male Cadet Division was formed, and there were now 47 cadets who had obtained their certificates, the examinat ion result showing 100 per cent. passes. This reflects great credit, not only on the boys themselves, but on their officer, Mr. H. S. Chantrey who had been responsible for their tuition. A Cadet Division for girls was also being formed by Mrs. H. Lambert, A.R.R.C., Lady Superintendent of the Nursing Division, who at present has 37 gi rls taking a course of" First-Aid" lectures. The Sick Club formed among the members for last year showed very good work, as also did that of the Social Committee; the latter being seriously handicapped owing to the economic conditions prevailing in the city.

During 1922 the members of the Corps performed public duty on many occasions, including the April Fair, election polling day, the unveiling of the War Memorial, etc They had in all attended to 107 cases of accident on public duty, while in the engineering works in the city they had attended to 6,974 cases. One case of First Aid must be specially referred to. Private F. Vickers, of A Division, entered a boiler to rescue two men who had been overcome by various gases inside. He succeeded in bringing these men out, and after further treatment on the part of several First Aiders the patients were restored. For his courageous action, Private F. Vickers had been awarded and presented with the certificate of the Royal Humane Society, and the Grand Prior of the Order of St. John had awarded Private Vickers the Bronze Medal of the Order in recognition of his noble act.

The transport of the sir.k and injured done by the Corps had been carried out in an excellent manner under the supervision of Transport Sergeant Watson.

Corps Officer W. T. Frafford presented the annual balancesheet, the accounts showing a very satisfactory working for the year.

A hearty vote of thanks was accorded to Mr. J. Burgess, the hon. auditor, and also to the Mayor for his kindness in allowing the Brigade the use of the GUildhall to hold their meeting.

No. II (S.E. & C.R.) District.

The annual dinner of the Faversham Division was unique for the fact that all the medical practitioners in the town were

Janu ar y, [9 2 3 -FIRST present. Sir Sidney Alexander, M.D., J.P., C.C., was in the chair, supported by Dr. Evers, Manning, Gange, Herdman, Porter, and Kidman Bird.

The Bricklayers' Arms Division team qualified at Slades Green recently to compete in the final competition to represent the District in the Brigade Dewar contest.

Reading Division reports a very successful year. 823 public duties were performed, and very happy relations have been established with No. I I. District units.

A feature of the year at Aldershot has been the formation of a strong and efficient cadet Division. Chart!"r Day in the new borough gave the opportunity to parade before the G.O.C. Aldershot Command.

District Officer E. J. Prew has received many congratulations on being appointed Honorary Serving Brother of the Order. The promotion of D ivisional Supt. C. Milton to the Assistant Staff has given much pleasure to his many friends in the Hasting-s district.

A satisfactory influx of recruits to the RN.A.S.B.R has been a feature of the year in the Bricklayers' Arms Division.

The article which appeared in the December Gazette respecting the duties of Divisional Secretaries has been much appreciated in this District. Several Secretaries have re-

AID.- 121

gave as the title of his lecture" Some Errors in First Aid" commanded throughout the rapt attention of a large and appreciative audience.

This was the first visit of Dr. Corbet Fletcher, whose valuable note3 and hints in FIRST AID have always been followed up, and keenly discussed at the weekly meetings of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions j and it was, therefore, a privilege to meet him, as his audience had for a long time considered themselves members of his very large cla5s in ambulance work through the medium of his columns in FIRST AID.

The audience was much interested in the origin and progress of both the 73rd and the 48th ( Nursing ) Divisions both of which were the outcome of the energy and zeal of the late Dr. Emlyn Jones, who was their first Hon. Surgeon. The Ambulance Division established in 1916, primarily as a war organisation j and now it numbers about 30 members. The Grays Urban District Council provides a commodious room for the use of the Division at its weekly meetings (free of charge), and has, together

QUEENSBURY CADET DIVI SlON BRADFORD CORPS.

The first Cadet Division to be formed and equipped with uniform in England. Centre, Corps Sec., E. Bussey right, Pte. E. O. Bolton, founder of the Division; and .left, Corp. A. E. Illingworth, I nstructor and officer-in-charge.

marked that it is one of the most illuminating guides to their work in existence.

A Night with the Lantern.

By AMBULANCE OFFICER T. JONES, GRAYS DIVISION S J.A.B.

THE 73rd (Grays) Division had been looking forward for some time with great interest and pleasure to the visit of Dr. Corbet Fletcher, the well-known lecturer and specialist in First Aid work. This took place on Tuesday evening, N oveUJ ber 28th j and, for the occasion, the Co-operative Assembly Hall, with its magnificent electric lantern, was secured.

This young Division whose Supterintendent is Mr. E. C. Fry, num bers among its members, some very keen and e nthusiastic students of First Aid; and the lecturer who

with some public men in the Town, taken the keenest and most sympathetic interest in the wor k from its inception. The Division through the instrumentality of its late Hon. Surgeon and Supt. Langley Jones has been presented by the British Red Cross Society (Essex Section) With two motor ambulances, both of which have proved most useful in the neigh bourhood and are under the local control of Mr. J. Tudor Thomas as Commandant. They are in charge of a member of the Division which also provides Orderlies from amongst its own members, and nurses from the Nursing Division as required. They serve a district which is entirely industrial in character, consisting of the dock area of Tilbury, the cement and other factory areas of Grays , West Thurrock and Purfleet, and have rendered invaluable service in the respective circles of labour to which they are attached.

The Brigade as a whole, therefore, is very popular amongst all the sections of the community which it serves Incidentally it may be mentioned that in addition to being able to pay its way, the Division with the practical

-FIRST AID.-

assistance of the tradesmen of the town and district raised the sum of £r,250 towards establishing a bed in the London Hospital, during the year 1921. The object of this was to perpetuate the memory of the late Dr. Emlyn J ones , It is hoped to raise a sum of money each year to maintain the upkeep of this Memorial Bed. This goes to show that First Aid and Ambulance Work generally have in the Grays district received an impetus which is likely to remain, through its Ambulance and Nursing Divisions, a source of usefulness to the town.

To this object Dr. Corbet Fletcher provideri a further decided stimulus; and his lecture covered all the most important points that a First-Aider would be called upon to observe and to practise in the course of hls experience. About 50 slides-all of them beautifully clear and carefully arranged-were shown on the screen, illustrating common errors in every branch of the work, from folding a bandage and tying a knot to putting up the most difficult fractures and artIficial respiration. Almost every known form of fracture was shown, and the correct methods of dealing with them explain !'. d. Amongst other things excellently illustrated were the circulatory system, hcemorrhage, dislocations, and the methods of dealing with foreign bodies.

The racy and fluent manner of the lecturer with his humorous and epigrammatic aids to memory c.onduced large) to the enjoyment and instructiveness of the evemng.

Altogether this preved to be one of the most interest · ing lectures in First Aid that the Division has ever enjoyed, and the services of the lecturer were greatly appreciated by his audience. This was suitably expressed in the words of the chairman, Dr. L G. J acab, the Divisional Surgeon, who said that Dr. Corbet Fletcher had given the best yt ars of his life to the interest and progressive development of FIrSt Aid work in the country; and that the Grays Division were fortunate in the fact that, although he was such a busy man, he was able to spare a few hours to come down to add to their efriciency and usefulness and to their store of knowledge. To this the lecturer suitably replied.

" A Night with the Lantern" was voted to be one of the most effective means of educating members of the Brigade in ambulance work; and it is hoped that other Divisions will adopt same method, and make it a regular practice when and where possible.

fot' Wales.

R.oyal National Eis teddfod of Wales.

In connection with the above, which is to be held at Pontypool in I924, an Ambulance Committee has been appointed, consisting of the leading medical gentlemen and am bulance officers of the district, under the chairmanship of Dr. Rocyn Jones, C.B.E., Commissioner for Monmouthshire.

It is the intention of the committee to make the ambulance competitions more attractive than ever before in the history of the Eisteddfod, and competitions, open to any recognised 'society in Great Britain, are being arranged.

One special feature will be contest for boys and girls

of cadet age (not exceeding 16 years), for which trophies are secured.

Corps Secretary G. H. Nelms has been appointed secretary of the ambulance section, and he hopes shortly to be able to announce in this column the final arrangements.

Meeting of Railwaymen at Brecon.

A LARGE number of railway men from all puts of Breconshir e assembled at Brecon on January 8th to meet Sir Herbert Lewis, K.B.E. (Principal Secretary of the Priory for who was present at the invitation of Dr. Thomas, the Medical Officer in charge and High Sheriff elect for the County of Brecon. The chair was taken by Mr. T. C. A. Hodson, the Group Secretary, who had come specially from the District Manager's office, Oswestry, for the purpose.

The chairman, in introducing Sir Herbert Lewis, explained that the Great Western Railway Company had issued to all the Company's servants a booklet entitled "Safety and First Aid," and urged those not already qualified to avail themselves of the facilities for instruction and practice provided by the Company, and promised the co-operation of all the officials in the furtherance of ambulance work and the promotion of safety.

Sir Herdert Lewis, referring to the booklet, which h l' had read, thought that everything had been done to enable those who were qualified to obtain higher awards, and to encourage those who were wishful to Ie-am. He considered that the conditiom of the first aid competition organised by the Company were well thought out and destrved the highest commendation. He hoped it might be possible in the near future to arrange for every railwaymao, and those: engaged in active work, to pass an examination in first aid at least once in every three years Ambulance knowledge was as likely to be forgotten as any other subject, and it was, in his opinion, of paramount importance that the man who was going to assist in work connected w:th the human body should be satisfied that he could perform his in a callable and efficient manner. He explained no man or woman could wear the Order of St. John uniform unless he held the qualifying certificates and passed an examination in First Aid every year, and that it was their boast that the public could be sure that any man wearing a St. John uniform was qualified to perform that which he professed. He outlined the work done by the Priory which was responsible for all the activities of the Order in Wales, and spoke .of the interest taken in it by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales as Prior, Sir Owen Philipps as Sub·Prior, Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, Lord Kenyon, Mr. H. M. Ingledtw, the Right Hon. Thomas Richards, and others. He urged those present to form a Railwaymen's Brecon Division of the Brigad e and so qualify themselves to wear the uniform wbich is acknowledged and respected throughout the civdis d world.

At the request of the chairman, Sir Herbert Lewis presented the Vellum Vote of Thanks of the Order to Mr. J. E. Pugh, of Llandidloes, who had done much service in the district.

Dr. Thomas promised to do all in his power to help the men to establish a Division of the Brigade, and said he would take command of the unit, if formed.

Mr. John Davies, J.p., locomotive foreman, proposed a Vote of Thanks to the speaker, which was seconded by Mr. J. Gwynne, Midland Railway.

January, 1923. -FIRST

Mr. Venables, Midland Railway superintendeut, Talygwyn, and Mr. E. E. Jones, stationmaster, Brecon, proposed and seconded a Vote of Thanks to the Chairman; and it was made quite clear that a Division of the Brigade would be formed.

There is no reason why Brecon should not have as fine a Division of the Brigade as any in Wales, and that the team trained to enter for ambulance should not, one day, bring back to the town the covetej Brigade trophy.

J\mbulance j'lews euttings.

Tlte Editor invites "eaders to swd IItw spaper cuttiJlgs on matters of ilt t erest for th£s col umn,

SAVED BY TELEGRAPH WIRES.

A Birmingham girl, playing in the chorus at a Leicester theatre, fell from a Midland Railway bridge at Leicester yesterday. She was caught in the telegraph wires 10 ft. below and held there.

She was seen by one of the railway staff, who got a ladder and helped her down. She was taken to the infirmary, where, it was stated, she was not seriously injured.-Daily Mail.

SAVES LIFE.

When an unemployed Portland man was remanded on a charge of attempted suicide, he was alleged by a constable to have taken a ra zor from his pocket and attempted to draw it aCr05S his throat.

The inCIdent occured in the street and the constable ran towards him, drew his truncheon, and struck at the hand which held the razor. The razor was shattered and the man only slightly cut.-Pulice Cltronide.

CHASE Al"L'ER WOUNDED M \N.

A police·conc;table in the Preston dIstrict of Brighton was surprised to see ahea:i of him a man covered with blood. On his approach the man vaulted some fencing and rushed across allotment grounds.

The officer followed, and was joined by the Vicar of Preston.

\Vhen they came up to the man he was in a sad co ndition and struggled violently. His wind-pipe was cut, and he had injuries on both wrists. A blood-stained clasp knife was found on the ground.

The man was removed to hospital and was stated to be In a critical condition.-Evening Standard.

au. bulance trains; a nd they learn how, under Col. Moore's able leadership, dingy French railway wagons were speedily converted into clean, well equipped travelling wards, with kitchen, dressing and store rooms attached.

As we read we are struck by the skill with which difficulties were overcome, due credit being justly given in the narrative to all who took part. Further, we are told that before February, 19 r 5, when the great am bulance worker, the late Sir John Furiey, arnved in France from England with the first of the specially built ambulance trains, a service of no less than a dozen well·equipped trains-all improvised-was in full working order.

The story unfolded is a wonderful one, and is told in a wonderfully sympathetic fashion. It will appeal especially to First Aiders, amongs whom Col. Moore as Deputy Chief Commissioner of the Brigade is a leader, partly because it shows how invaluable are our powers of improvisation and partly because it emphaSIses the Importance of those personal qualifications, without which the proper performance of First Aid cannot be carried out.

3lractical

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special re(erwce I t' ,f{ood and bad fJoints in 7reat1Jlellt-jor inclusion in this Co/ullin.

FIRST AID WITH RESOURCEFULNESS.

Not long ago a mother had the agonising experience of witnessing her three·years-old child stray on the track of an electric railway which passed at the back of her house.

The chIld stumbled on to the" live" rail, and the mother ran screaming to her assistance. Attracted by the SCI eanlS, and appreciatIng the danger to child and mother, a First-AIder picked up a broom and rushed to the place of the emergency. His shouts of warnings to the mother availed nothIng and so he adopted the heroic method of pushing her back-wards away from her child with his broom. Then, before she could get up off the ground, he turned rapidly and with one fierce swoop swept the chIld clear of the IlDe with .he broom. This done, he picked up the child, who was severely burned on face, arms and legs, carried her into thp. house, put her to bed, dressed the wounds, and, fi nally, for lack of othe r assistance, went off hImself and brought back a doctor to hi:; l Ittle patient who ultimately made a complete recovery.-::\l. B., Hampstead.

FIRST·AID WITH PERSEVERE-NCE.

THE BIRTH AND EARLY DAYS OF OUR AMBULANCE TRAINS IN FRANCE.

By Colonel C. A. Moore, eM.G., M.D.

London: Bale, Sons and Danielsson, Ltd., 83'9I, Great Ti tchfield-street, W. r. Price IS. 2d. post free.

We read with interest Col. Moore's articles when they passed through the columns of this Joumal ; and we have reread them with even greater interest now that they are presented as a book, which has been admirably turned out by the publishers.

In this book students of history discover that when the European War broke out in 1914 Great Britain possessed no

An eighteen-months old child, who lived in the country, one morning walked into his horr.e with a snake coIled round his neck. He had been playing in the garden and found the snake which with its novel colouring attracted his attention. Accordingly he picked up the snake and played with it for time, but became somewhat alarmed when it eventua lly twisted itself round his neck. He then ran into the hOllse, and called his father who Immediately realIsed the dangerous predicament of his child.

Speaking words of encouragement, the father snatched up (and protected his right hand with) a thick glove round which swathed a duster. He then grasped the snake's head with his fingers while with his left hand he tried to unravel the coils of its body from the chIld's neck.

In so doing he experienced considerable difficulty; but after eight minutes he succeeded by his perseverance, although meanwhile the child had become unconscious and asphyxiated from the constrictions round his neck.

Throw ing the snake on the ground he quickly crushed its head beneath his heel, and then without delay proceeded to revive his son by artificial respiration. This he dId, and a few hours later the child was none the worse for his exposure to the combined dangers of venomous snake-bite and asphyxia.L. R., Charlton Park.

It is announced that Mr. T. A. Hodson, late Centre Secretary of the Cambrian Railways, has been appointed Divisional Ambulance Secretary of tht:: Central Wales Division of th e Great Western Railway, which is virtually th e old Cambrian Railway territor). Those responsible for the appointment are to be congratulated upon the happy selection, which gives Mr. Hodson practically the same administrative position in ambulaucc matters with his old Cambrian associates as he held prior to the amalgamation, with the difference that Mr. Hodson is now called upon to interpret the broad and progressive policy of the Great Western Railway. It will be recalled that Mr. Hodson was recently created an Esquire of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem.

An excellent manual for mine rEscue workers ha s been published by the Colliery Guardian Co., Ltd. It deals with breathing, the construction of brEathing apparatus, circulation of air, gases in mines, procedure after a disaster, first aid treatment, and additional instructions for actual work underground. Diagrams c1e:uly show the construction of breathing and reviving apparatus, and the instructions are written in plain, forceful language. The price is one Shilling. Postage 1l d.

The Nursing Times looks upon with apprehension the flooding of the nursing profession with V.A D. members in view of the rule which ha s been framed by the Council. The rule says "evidence that the applicant has been trained for at least one year" in a reco g nis e d or unrecognised hospital. The Nursing Times asks "Can it be claimed that V.A.D's in military hospitals during the war were in training? Surely there was no attempt made to train them; they were there as the nurses' assistants in war time. If both Scotland and England will interpret the word trained in that sense, when V. A. D. ':i and other helpers are concerned there should be no risk of the flooding of the Register by untrained women." Our answer to this that V.A.D. members were trained in the hard school of experience and they equitted themselves splendidly.

Over 1,300 hospitals and similar institutions in Great Britain have been supplied with libraries, generally on the basis of a book a bed, by the Librar y Committee of the British Red Cross Society. In addition, large parcels of books and magazines hav e b e en sent to overseas hospitals and to hospital ships. Training centr es for ex-Service men have been given techn ic al books on various subjects, (rom law to poultry ·keeping. The year's expenditure amounted to £3,387.

A correspondent asks us if it is possible to se t the ball in motion towards obtaining a National Shield to be competed for by mine workers on similar lines to the InterRailway compp,tition. Mine work e rs have many district competitions throughout the year, and we see no reason why a national competition could not b'! arranged. It would be necessary to arrange the event in some central town which would serve all the mining districts.

The tetal number of detachments registered by the British Red Cross Society with the W ar Office at 31st D ecember, 1922, was 2,530, the personnel of which is 68,523, of whom 55,951 are women. The Society has granted 240,042 certificates, of which 128,441 ar e for first aid, 10[,943 for nursing, 9,101 for hygiene and sanitation, and 532 for cookery. In addition 86 merit certificates and 18r,794 proficiency and ot:ler badges have been issued.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Supplement.

Appointments, Etc.

DECE?v1BER, 1922.

The Chi e f Commissioner has sanctioned the following appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

PRINCB: OF WALES'S DISTRI CT No 30 ( East London ) Division.-Charles Schiff, L.RC.P., M.R.C.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 13. 12 22 No. 49 (E rith ) Division.-Supt. Trollope transferred to the Brigade Reserve with effect from 31.12.21 NO.9 (St. John'S Gate) Division.-Supt. Lowe transferred to No.2 (Haggerston) Division, 12.12 .22

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Divisional Surgeo n and Supt. Charles George Hugh Morse, M.RC.S., L.R.C.P., to be District Officer for Hampshire, 11.12.22

D istrict Sergeant-Major Alfred John Ow ens Bntton to be District Officer for Bristol, 29. 12 22

Cheltenham Corp3.-Dlvisional S upt. The Rev. Charles Cousens Petch, M.A., to be Corps Supt., 12.12.22

Lymington Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional S upt. Mrs. Chi nery resigned, 2.1. 23

Maidenhead Division.-Sergt. John James BartlDgale to be Ambulance Officer, 30. T2.22

Twyford Division.-Corpi. William Henry Hamblin to be Ambulance Officer, 2.1. 23

Vvindsor Railway Dlvision.-Corpl. Edward John Rogers to be Divisional Supt., 20 12.22

Pte. Archibald John All en to be Ambulance Officer, 20.12.22

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Corps.-Staff S er gt. George Benjamin -Gregory to be Corps S ergt.-Major, 30.12.22

Birmingham Corps (Headquarters Division ).-Divisional Surgeon Dr. Robb transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 1.1. 2 3

Birmir.gham Corps (Smit h Stone and Knight Division ).Ambulance Officer J. Hamilton resigned, 12. I2.22

Wellingborough Corps ( Higham Ferr ers Division ). -A mbulanr.e Sister Helen Mary May Groome to be Lacty Divisional Supt., 12.12.22

Ambulance Sister Marjorie Beeby to be Lady Ambulance .officer, 12.12.22

Leicester Corps (Vaug han College Nursing Dlvision ).Lady Ambulance Officer E. Towl resigned, 22.12.22

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Tyldesley Nursing Division. -W illiam Johnstone, M.B., RCh., to be Divisional Surgeon, 9.12.22

Accrington Corps.-Pte. Harold Swann to be Corps Officer, 24 . 11.22

Blackburn Division:-Divisional Surgeon and Supt. B. Elliott resigned, 2. T.23

Bolton Corps ( Daubhill Division ). -Horace Wilfred Taylor, M.R.C.S., L.R.C. P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 6.I2.22 . d

Crewe Division.-Transport Officer J. Simon reslgne

12.12.22

Fl eetwood Nursing Division.- Lady Supt. :Miss A. 'Walker resigned, 15. 12 22 ., \ Liverpool Corps ( Sefton Nursmg DIVISIOn j:-:- Ambulance Officer Maude Bellasis to be Lady DIVIsIOnal Supt. 6.I2.22

Manchester and Salford Corps ( North Manchester sion ) -Ambulance Officer Albert Gordon Birkbead to be DIVIsional Supt., 21.12.22

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Dewsbury and District Corps.-Divisional Surgeon W Bennet deceased, 2.1. 23

Hartington Colliery Division. - John William Fidler to be Divisional Supt., 1.12.22

Hebden Bridge Corps.-Corpl. Harold Naylor to be Ambulance Officer, 22 12.22

Keighley Corp, (Ei ngley Division ).-Divisional Supt. W. Crowtber transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 14· I I. 22 Corpl. Robert William Goodings to be Divisional Supt. 14. 11.22

Mansfield Colliery Division.-Pte. James Lee to be Ambulance Officer, 20.12.22

Pte. William Peters to be Ambulance Officer, 2T.I2 22 North Bierley Division.-Divisional Surgeon F. Cansfield resigned, 12.12.22

Longton District Corps (Ad derley Green Dlvlslon).Sergeant George Dowler to be Ambulance Officer, 11.12.22 Sheffield Corps ("D" DivislOn ).-Jam es Henry Newton to be Ambulance Officer, 4. 11.22

Sheffield Corps (Ha ndsworth and District Division).Ambulance Officer James Edwards to be Divisional Supt., 15. 12 22

Sheffield Corps (Stockbridge Division).-Nigel Fit zroy Llovd M.B , Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 15. 12 22

'Stapleford and Sandiacre Division. - Divisional Supt Dr.

A. Graydon transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 5. I. 23

J. Millar Cummins M.B., B.Ch., D.P.H., to be DIVISIOnal Surgeon and Supt., 27. 1 1.22

Vlorksop Division.-Corpl. William Horace Goold to be Ambulance Officer, 30. I 1.22

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Haltwhistle Division.-Divisional Supt. H. P. Hastewell resigned, 14. 12 22

North Durham Corps ( Felling Colliery Nursing Division ).-Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Hann resigned, J4.1 I.22 North Durham Corps ( Dunston Division).-Divisional Supt. E. Strom transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 1. 1. 23

'Vest Hartlepool Division. -Dlvisional Surgeon A.

:'IIacGregor resigned, 9.1. 23

\Vh ick ham DivISlOn. - Ambulance Officer H. D. Smith resigned, 19.12.22.

Greenside NurSing Dlvlslon. -Lady Ambulance Officer ?\Irs. Savage resigned, I9· 12 22

NO.7 DISTRICT

O.3westry Nursing Divisi0n.-Ambulance Sister B. J. Bul to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 17.10.22

NO.8. D

Divisional Supt. Brig.-General Ernest Augustus TudorTuder to be District Officer for Surrey, 9 12.22

Corps Surgeon Arthur Edward Porter, M.A., M.D., D.P.H., .:vI.R.C.S., etc., to be County Surgeon for Surrey, 9. 12 22

Hastings Division.-Pte. Thomas Tassell Coleman to be Transport Officer.

Littlehampton Division.-Frederick H. Alexander, M.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 4 12.22

C ity of Rochester Dlvision.-Ambulance Officer Willie Cole Fi rman to be Divisional Supt., 13.12.22

SergI. Thomas Clitheroe to be Ambulance Officer, 15. 1 2.22

No. 9 DISTRICT.

Babbacombe and S. Marychurch Nursing Division.Ambulance Sister Elsie Chudleigh to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 12.12.22

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Lady Corps Supt. Agnes Aimee Behun Coulcher to be Lady District Officer, 23.11.22

Ipswi c h Corps.-Lady Divisional Supt. Lily Haggar to be Lady Corps Supt., 4.12.22

Ambulance Sister l\Iillie King to be Lady Corps Officer, 4·12.22

No. DISTRICT.

Divisional Supt. Charles Milton to be District Officer, 16.1222

Addiscombe Division.-Pte. Francis Drake to be Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes, 2. 2.22

Deal and Walmer Division.-Divisional Supt. S. Marsh transferred to South Ashford Division supernumerary to establ ishment, 5.1.23

Hastings Division.-Ambulance Officer George Thomas Page to be Divisional Supt., 21.12.22

Tonbridge Division -Ambulance Officer Robert Henry Agnew to be Divisional Supt., 20.12.22

No. 12 DISTRICT.

County of Sligo Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. V. Woodmartin reverted to Lady Ambulance Officer at own request, 14.12.22

Lady Ambula nce Officer Olive Jackson to be Lady Divisional Supt., 5.12.22

NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :-

NO.3 DISTRICT.

N.E. Warwickshire Corps.-Re-named Warwickshire Corps, 12.12.22

NO.5 DI ST RIC T

\Vombwell Division.-Sanctioned, 15.12.22

NO.6. DISTRICT.

Percy Main Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 9.12.22

Gateshead Boro' Cadet Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 23. 11.22

Middlesboro' Central Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 29. 12 22

Hetton·le-Hole Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 24.12.22

Newcastle Chemist's Division.-Disbanded, 19.12.22

NO.7 DISTRICT.

Hereford Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 21.12.22

NO.9 DISTRIC T.

Devonport Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 4.12.22

DEATHS.

Divisional Surgeon W. Bennett, Dewsbury and District Corps, 2.1.23

JAMES R. A. CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

Brigade Orders.

December, I922

ANN UAL RET URNS 1922.

The Annual Returns of Corps and Divisions for the year December 31st, 1922, should be completed and forwarded to the Commissioner not later than January 31s t next. These Returns comprise :-

B.F. IA. or N. Three copies.

B.F. 3. One copy.

B.F. 12. Two copies. A set of Forms for tbe ensuing year have been forewarded to all Divisions.

S TATEfllENT OF IN COflIE AND E XPENDITURE. (B .F. 02. )

All Corps and Divisions are required to submit a statement of income and expenditure on B.F. 12 with the Annual Returns.

In cases where Divisions are financed entirely by a Centre of the Association or a Firm, the B.F. 12 should be completed and forwarded with the words" Financed by (name of Centre or Firm ))) written on top of same.

BRI GADE DAY.

(1) Allocation of Funds.- The net proceeds from a "Brigade will J:>e allocated as follows :-S eventy-five per cent. Will be retamed by the Corps or Division and twenty-five per cent. remitted, with a certified statement of account, to District Headquarters.-Fifteen per cent. being retained by the: District and ten per cent. forwarded by the Commissioner to Brigade Headquarters.

(2) Flags.-Flags of approved Design will be used for all Brigade Days. These flags are obtainable only from the Stores Dept., St. John Ambulance Association, St. John's Gate, London, E:C.I, on payment, at the rate of 95. 6d. per and will be supplied on the authority of the CommiSSioner concerned.

RE VISION Of UNIFORfll REGULATIONS.

The Regulations for and Nursi ng Corps and DlvlslOns have been reVised and approved and copies will shortly be issued.

All previous issues are hereby cancelled.

CADET UNIFOR:\I (GIRLS).

Uniform for Girl Cadet D ivis ions ha s been approved.

REVI SION OF FORMS, D. F. IA. AND N.

Forms B.F. I A. and N. have been revised to include B. F. 5A and N.

Forms B. F. SA. and N. are cancelled.

WEARING OF SERVICE CHEVRON S, ETC., ON BR[GADE UNIFORM.

The wearing of S.ervic e wound stripes a.nd stiver war badges on Brigade U niform wtll be discontmued. By Admiralty Order this applies to the uniform worn by members of the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve AR \1 BAD GE TO BE WORN IW ME:\lBERS OF BRIGADE ON PARADE IN MUFTI.

The only authorised arm-badge to be worn by members of the Brigade parading as such in mufti is No 2, which bears the words "St. John Ambul a nce Brigade" and the name of the U nit to which the wearer belongs.

January, 19 2 3. - FIRST AI D & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

CADETS. EXAMINATION FOR CERTIFICATE.

Cases having occurred where persons over the age of 16 years have been put forward for examination for the Preliminary (or Junior ) Certificate of the Association, attention is drawn to B.O. 416, paras. 2 and 3, wherein it is clearly laid down that persons over the aRe of 16 can be examined only for the Adult (or Senior) Cartificate, the Regulations for which differ from those of the Preliminary.

Full particulars regarding these examinations can be obtained from the Chief Secretary, St. John Ambulance Association, S t. John's Gate, London, E. C. 1.

Brigade Work in Ireland.

THE whole of the members of the S.J.A.B. throughout the British Empire have looked upon with pride the which has been accomplished by the members of the No. 12 (Irish) District during the last five or six and it is the purpose of this short article to give a few details of the devoted work which the men and women of St. John in Ireland have been doing.

Prior to the war the Brigade in Ireland was represented by a few small contingents principally in Dublin, and a rival society known as the St. Patrick Ambulance Association also had a small representation there. It is due to the present Commissioner Sir John Lumsden, that the district has grown in such numbers and proved itself such an efficient institution.

Since 1903, when he founded the St. James's Gate Ambulance Dlvision, the senior unit of the District, Sir John has worked ceaselessly and untiringly to maintain and enlarge the work of the St. John Am bulance Association and Brigade in Ireland, and to his great organising capacity and genius fc r attracting workers is due the healthy and thnving state of these organisations to-day.

For many years before the war Sir John insistently advocated the necessity for a knowledge of First Aid in view of a great crisis in Europe, but, like many other prophets, his warning fell on unheeding e2.rs.

When th e great crisis came he threw himself into the organisation of what then became known as Red Cross work with an energy and strength of purpose which defied all obstacles, and only those who were intimately associat e d with him during the years 1914-1918 know the enormous amount of work which he did and the heavy burdens wbich he carried during those dreadful

In 1916 the St. John Ambulance Brigade had its first opportunity to show its us e fulness in Ireland, and won for itself .a secure position in the country ; but in July, 19 22 it established itself as the national ambulance service, as it was in sole charge and control of the evacuation of wounded not only of both belligerents but of the British Army and the civil community in the widely extended danger zones.

During 1919 and 1920 the men of the Brigade were on duty in the streets of Dublin. It will be remembered that street fighting in the nature of sudden attacks were common daily occurren ces, and consequently that this duty was not only dangerous but e ssential to the safety of the citizens F e w citizens took notic e of these self-sacrificing ambulance men, and possibly fewer still knew even of their existence. It was not, how ever, for public notice they were at their posts, but for public serv ice, and that

public service they rendered well and faithfully. Casualties during these past few years have been many, yet it may be said proudly and truly that never an opportunity has b=en missed where service was necessary or aid could be rendered. 'The Brigade members served the public not with efficiency only but with a devotion which, because of its utter unselfishness, marks the highest form of civic virtue It was a king who had for his motto the words "I se-rve," and ennobled himself thereby, and the members of the

COl\DII SIONER SIR JOHN L Ui\ISDEX , K.B E.

Brigade have by civic service ennobled thems e lves, ennobled their city, and added lustre to the Order whose traditions they maintain.

To make th e service more efficient, to be at hand when required the Brigade had huts erected in the city stree ts. Preparedness is an ugly word with its nationality in its ugly sound, but it inculcates a sound philosophy, and a philosophy to be useful must be acted upon. The Brigade tested the philosophy by erecting early in 1922 two huts -one in Foster place and one in O'Connell-street opposite the Hammam Hotel. In these huts men were on duly from 10 a.m. to ':0 p.m. daily, ready for any eventuality of

- FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- January, I923 ·

the abnormal cond itio ns of the Dublin of this year. Injuries and wounds of a slight or trivial nature were treated on the spot; seri ous cases were treated and taken to hospital in the municipal or Brigade motor ambulance. The huts provided storage for equipment and acted as concentration points for the men. These huts would be useful in normal times of peace; they have been tested by the stress of war. and their great utility has been admirably den!onstrated under both conditions.

Huts, men and ambulances do not compl ete the preparation3 necessary. Dressings, bandages and splints figure prominently in ambulance work, and these were being prepared at headquarters and elsewhere during May and June in anticipation of that kind of trouble which would bring them into USf'. SO when the shock came on the 28th June the Brigade was ready even" to the last button on a gaiter."

When the attack on the Four Courts began men were

communicated with so that they might be in readiness for the reception of the casualties. At the Four Courts some case s were treated, but most of the casualties were removed to the hospitals.

Over a hundred members of Ambulance Divisions, fifty-six members of Nursing Divisions, thirty-one volunteer workers, and twenty-two volunteer motor drivers-in all two hundred and twenty-nine workers were available at one time or another throughout the fighting.

During the afternoon of Friday, June 30th, the scene of the fighting moved to O'Connell-street and Parnellsquare. Stretchers, dressings and men were immediately sent to the huts in O'Connell- st reet and Foster-place and ambulances were attached to each station. Durin g the day many cases were treated at each station. The area about N el son's Pillar the scene of severe fighting on Slturday, July 1St. The streets were swept with rifle and machine gun fire as the combatants enieavoured to

January, 1923. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

could be don e was being done by all concerned. The outbreak of hostilities had found the Brigade ready, and now it was performing gallantly and Efficiently its work of mercy in the bullet-swept streets.

The establishment of the status of t he Brigade during hostilities was a matter that required delicate handling and some gifts of diplomacy. Every member of the Brigade knows that it has no party but is at the disposal of all who suffer and who need first aid.

As a r e sult of interviews with all parties the neutral status of the Brigade was definitely established and was afterwards carefull y preserved and acknowledged by both sides. "It was som ew hat remarkable," says Sir John Lumsden, "how the firing ceased in a street when 0ur ambulance with wounded appeared, to be continued imme diately our car passed through the danger zone."

Parnell Street proved adequate to the situation. Ambulance waggons, messenger cars, orderlies and nurses were attached in relays to the stations from which the adjoining streets were regularly patrolled. The patrols kept in touch with each other arld with their first-aid post by means of signals and whistles. By the adoption of these methods assistance could be quickly procured at any point where assistance was found to be required. Th e men were everywhere, and whenever aid was necessary they were on the spot to render it.

In fighting such as this it is not only the casualties from guns, rifles, revolvers, and bombs that have to be reckoned with and aided; there is also the large mass of tht:: population with nerves strained by emotion and excitement more liable than in normal times to accident and collapse. These have to be dealt with, and

KNIGHT.

detailed for duty in the VICInIty. They went into the danger zone willingly without recognition from any quarter and with no protection more potent than the Cross of St. John. Casualties were, of course, numerous, and the Brigade attended all whether outside the Four Courts or inside. To the St. John men all were alike, human b ei ngs needing aid, and the aid was quickly and skilfully given. When the Four Courts had been battered and stormed and the great explosion had set the bUIldings llblaze help was urgently needed. It was then that the call for organised help on a large scale cam e from the Fire Brigade. Commission e r Si r John Lumsden was summoned to bring as spee dily a) possIble all the aid at his disp3sal. It was feared that serious loss of life had resulted from the explosion, and doctors, nurs es and stretcher b were very urg en tly needed. All available m en were immediately mobilised and hospitals adjoining the Four Courts were

DUBLIN.

capture or to hold the buildings in O'Connell-street. The firing became so intense that the St. John station had to be removed from its own hut to the Metropole Cinema and later to the Catholic Boys' Home in Middle Abbeystreet when the Metropole Cinema wa'i occupied by troops. An advanced First Aid Post was established in the Catholic Boys' Home throughout the fighting. As the battle raged the full strength of the Brigade was required to deal with th8 great amount of work to be done. Ambulances were required, and private motor cars were converted for use as ambulances. The owners of motor cars readily and willingly them for this use, and in many case, they volunteered their services as drivers. Behind the lines, at Merrion-square, dressings wer e being prepared and for the cars were be ing made. There also the food for the men on duty was pr epa red and sent out in motor cars to the advance stations. Everything that

A CrYILL\.N

The Brigade had not only justified itself, but had established that neutrality which is so difficult and yet so precious and so very necessary for its future in the country.

When fire broke out an additional danger was presented to the Brigade. The danger of falling masonry was added to the risk of bullets. The assistance of the Brigade was given to people, who, with some of their belongings, were taken from their dangerous positions and conducted to places of comparative safety.

On 4th July the anniversary of the truce and the seventh day of the fighting, it was found necessary to establish a third first-aid station in Parnell·street. The station was housed on the bakery premises.

The three stations at Foster Lane, Abbey Street, and

during the fighting a fairly large number of people suffering from fits of various kinds and from the illness of every day were treated and removed to hospital or beyond the danger zone. In the densely populated area east of O'Connell Street, where large numbers of very poor people live, hundreds of people were cooped in for days. They were unable to get out even for the necessaries of hfe, but as and when opportunity offered they were escorted through the fighting zone by men of the Brigade. To and from the few open shops they went through the firing and thus were enabled to prevent acute hunger. Many of the poor people of this area were forced to seek refuge at the Marlborough Street Model School, and were there fed by the clergy of the district, assisted by the men of the Brigade. In all and every aspect of humanitarian work

OF MERCY IN

CA SUALTY.

- FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- January, 1923

the men of the Brigade took part. The opportunitics were numerous, and it may proudly and truthfully be stated that they were availed of to the fullest extent. Et?ciency, resource, promptitude, courage, were all in eVidence, all gladly used for the benefit of fellow-citizens requiring aid. When aid was required the badge of St. John was "j ust there" to render it. How much suffering was prevented, how many alleviated can never be known.

The men of the Brigade patrolled the streets, some· times under a shower of bullets, as if sauntering on a normal When a whistle sounded indicating that help was reqUired by another patrol in the vicinity the men rushed without hesitancy or fear to the aid of the sick or wounded. An ambulance was summoned and the wounded would be at the hospital in the space of five mmutes. It was wonderful to watch, thrilling for the mer€; but .men seemed to be unconscious of anythmg either thnlhng or wond e rful. In this way nearly 25 0 cases wer e treated during the week.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

During December 7 members were posted or transferred to Ministry of Pensions Hospitals.

January, 19 2 3 -FIRST

cheque to the Matron of the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond-street, where she bad worked as a V.A.D. mem ber during the war.

A letter was later received from the Lady-in-Waiting informing Lady Ampthill that the money had b e en expended in the purchase of various articles urgently required by the Hospital.

AID. -

suffer loss of marks in consequence, and would fail to find out the real injury which is the deciding factor in treating real accidents.

10. Isolation of teams to be made more cheerful, games and books to be provided.

G

The drivers of ambulances and motor cars not only rendered magnificent assistance but gave exhibitions of courage and z e al which it would be difficult to e x cel. Valuable help was given by volunteer drivers. On one occasion a doctor was being fetched from Merrionsquare to the Mater Hospital to deal with a very urgent and a very serious cas e The volunt e er driver did the journey in thre e minutes, remarking on the way, "Thank heaven, I can let her out and tell the police to go to the devil."

Of the work done much might be written and many instances of personal gallantry recurded. Let it suffice to say that th e work was done as the Brigade would have it done in the spirit and in the letter.

We are indebted to the Editor of the Irish Ambulance Gazettefor permission to publish this article with illustrations

Lady Ampthill and the Hon. Mrs. Brougham were honoured by an invitation to luncheon at Chesterfield House recently, when Lldy Amptill handed to Her Royal Highness Princess Marya cheque for £269. the balance of the money subscribed by V.A. D. members throughout the Em,Pire, for Her Royal Higness's Wedding Pr e sent. Wlth the cheque was presented a volume containing the of over 50,000 subscribers, the book being bound 10 Royal blue calf tooled in gold and gilt edged. The title page was headed with th e letter "M" surmount e d by a Royal flan ked by the Red Cross of the British CITIZEN.

Red Cross Society on a silver shield, and the White Cross of the Order of St. John on its Red Shield, and bore the incription-

"Presented, together with an Emerald and Diamond Tiara, to Her Royal Highness Princess Mary on the occasion of her marriage with Viscount Lascelles, K.G., D.S.O., on February 29th, 1922, by President, Vice-Presidents, County Directors and Officers, and members of the Voluntary Aid Detachments of th e Order of St. John of Jerusalem and the British Red Cross Society of the Empire."

On scrolls appeared the parts of the British respectively, England, Scotland, Ulster, Wales, Canada, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, Newfoundland, Malta, South Ireland.

Princess Mary stated that she proposed to hand this

The majority of the British War and Victory Medals in connection with service in the various theatres of war have now been despatched.

Any V.A.D. member who served during the war in a theatre of war, and who has not r!:ceivt:d her should communicate with the Secretary, Joint Women'::; V.A.D. Department, 19, Berkeley street, London, W I. It should be clearly understood that this notice applies to the British War and Victory Medals only, and not to the B R C.S. War Medal or St. John War Service Badge.

fetters to the

We are in no way respG sible for tile opinions ,xpreSJea, 01 the statements made, b, Conespondcllts.-EDITOR.

IMPROVEME N T OF AMBULANCE CONTESTS.

S LR, - I, like yourself, am rather surprised, that the abo\'e subje c t has not been more :-",idely taken up by c ompetitors. One would think there was no room for Improvement. But perhaps there are others like myself who c ould tell you quite a lot, in a qu iet little chat, but are not adepts at letter writing.

I am an old competitor of 25 years standing and still going, and I can say candidly I see very litlle improvement, if any, 10 the pre s ent day conte sts In I saw contests 20 years ago ! But my talkmg lIke thIS IS not gettmg to the point which you are desirous of thrash mg. "How can Competitions be improved?" Therefore I will sumnJarise a few points where I think a little inlprovement could be brought about :- -

1. More care in getting out test s

2. Test supplied by some headquarters, say St. Johnsor your own journal-to suit the locality and industry it is intended for, and supplied at a nominal fee to judges.

3 More attention and scope given to common-sense treatments and less methodical make-up of marking-sheets.

4. Time limits abolished and teams given to understand that quietness, neatness, and efficiency, combined to play an important part. I seen excellent tean:s short through their work by the nngmg of a bell announclllg tIme.

5. More scope given to resourcefulness, say, don't allow competitors material for a short period and give marks for arresting bleeding and adjusting positions alone, and utilising bystander (to be present) to prevent further mischief, i e., holding up traffic, etc.

6. A limit of teams for a competition-I often find good teams suffer through the inattention of tired and weary judges. More attention to detail and less interruption by judges would help those who suffer with" nerves."

7. Ideal surroundings for the contest. Make it as near like the actual as possible.

8. A.bolishing of" parrot JJ like ans ers and only questions asked as the why and wherefore of the case treated. I is practical work we want and not elocution.

9. Experienced competitors to a ct as patients, and make the competitor find what is the matter by tactful questioning or observation, position of certain limbs, and marks on clothing, etc. If he did not do so, he would

11. When a team has completed their tests, and marks have been awarded and checked, these should be put on a blackboard to show how the contest is progressing, or the marks could be given to each team on completion of their work ( [ don't mean the marking sheet) if the former method was objectionable.

12. I also think if doctors asked the opinions and assistance of experienced ambulance men in setting their tests much good could be done.

I remember some 15 years ago a doctor I was acquainted with being asked to judge a contest and he ar.cepted on dition that his class did not compete, and that they gave hIm some assistance, and the whole of the tests were left to them.

I am sorry I have not a marking sheet to send you, it was a real revelation, on first aid. Out of 12 teams competing not a man scored full marks and all common -sense treatments. We had a footballer dressed as such with fractured arm, and very few found his shin pads under his stockings and leather garters for treating it. But the tit-bit was the NO.4 injury. A middle-aged person was supposed to have been riding a cycle up a hill and was found by competitor alone lying beside the cycle presenting the following signs :-Face drawn sideways and flushed, unequal pupils, etc. In fact sufficient signs were given to juslify treatment of apoplexy and fracture of forearm. This patient had to be treated by anything found on the scene of accident. No competi tor scored more than half marks, and all that was required was adjusting patient s position from face downwards, undoing ti g ht clothing, raising head, and utilising slope of hill, examine mouth, etc.

Cold water applied to head from the acetylene cycle lam p ( not a competitor found it ) After the treatment of apoplexy the fracture had to be treated by the pump being divided for splints and carrier stEpS for fixing (no one d ivided pump ), also belt and safety pin in his cap for making sling. I think district offi c er C. Hamner will remember this. He was in charge of winning team

In conclusion, I fancy I can hear some competitors say we have had most of this granted. It is more of it ] am asking for to brighten up the competition world. I trust this letter will be taken in the spirit in which it is given. It is just the simple opinion of one who got his first certificate in 1895, and has competed in over 100 contests ami rendered first aId to over 500 cases.- Yours, etc.

GODFREY BROOKS. Instructor, Prince of Wales Collieries.

DEAR the time limit. The conditions for the 1923 Inter-Railway Competition are now published. Paragraph (f ) "If a time limit is imposed it will be announced beforehand, and suitable warning will be given as soon as three-fourths of the time had expired " is followed by" The object of this competition is to test the ability of the men to deal with cases under conditions of "actual emergency." Comment is superfluous. The time limit as at present imposed is ridiculous and cannot be defended except on the ground of expediency. The idea behind it is to ensure the fini:,h of the competition to time, so th a ne ither lunch, tea., I?ri ze presentation may be delayed; and It takes all the 100tlatlve out of our hands to effect this purpose. The time limit ought to have a definite place in every competition and a classical example of its correct use was the Final of 1913, while the competition of 1922 may be cited as examples of how not to do it. In 1922 we were so far ahead of schedule that the two last teams had to wait awhile after getting ready to compete or the competition would have been over too soon. I t is not necessary to rush every case that a First Aider comes across, and surely it is better to treat a given case efficiently in, say, twenty minutes, than to put him haphazard on to a stretcher and get him home in sixteen minutes. But the present system puts a premium on getting thele. I agree with your contributor Js system of average timing as being eminently fair, and for urgent cases such as bleeding, poisoning, etc., a strict time limit without

A FAINTIN

-FIRST

any warning, so that th e initiative is still left with the com· petitor. \Vhere several cards have to be given, great care on the of the judge is necessary, the withholding or early receipt of a card makes a substantial difference.-I am, yours truly,

COMPETITION FOR THE "LADY PERROTT" SHIELD.

SIR,-May I say a word regarding the above competition held in at the Cannon-Street Hotel, on May 16th, 1922. SpeakIng as one who has had several years' experience at competition work, I should like to dr3.w the attention of the competition committee, whoever they be, to the rule of having an officer in charge of competing teams. Officers of divisions as a general rule have no time for competition work, their duties are more important in other ways such as, the clerical work of their divisions, taking classes in first aid and home nursing, training new recruits, teaching cadets and several other items which take a great deal of time, which should be given to practice with the squad. Again, officers ar e in some cases too far advanced in ye a rs to begin competition work.

In the above competition I understand that the officers were only fnotified that they must be in charge a week or two previous to the competition. That order disorganised the squad through the officers not hav ng practised with it, and the No. 4's who had been in charge several months previously having Lo drop out or take another position, consequently this caused some confusion which was apparent in the final.

Another point, some members are always very nervous when an officer is near during ordinary practice. What are they likely to be with one in competition. I should like to have the opinion of others interested in competition work. CRITIC.

CONCESSIO S TO RAILWAY AMBULANCE MEN.

DEAR SIR,-Your notification through your" Brevities" columns in December issu e of FIRST AID that a writer in one of our railway publicat ions is desirous of securing information on the above topic, ought to be a means of throwing some light upon a subject that is much misunderstood, and therefore liable to the open verdict of the man who does not help others, who may need his help, owing to his failure to qualify.

As an old railwayman with a wide experience, I have often heard it said regarding our work" Oh ! they don't do it for nothing," and when told that" First Aid to the Injured " is voluntary, and there is no pay except the satisfaction of knowing that you have been able to h'!lp an unfortunate fellow WOlkman, you are practically told that you are a 5tranger to truth. Th is, of course, is human nature as you find it, and on all, late and present, railway companies. This attitude towards a good work, is, I 'm afraid too general, but publicity regarding concessions as you suggest will be helpful to all concerned, and at the same time, remove in the lay mind any misconception.

On the N.E. Railway Co.-now fused with others in the London and North-Eastern Railway Co.-the method adopted during recent years has been for a suitable notice to be posted, asking all employers interested to join the usual yearly ambulance class then forming (Oc tober to March) offering as an inducement to do so, the payment of class fees, over a period of three ye3.rs, or until three examinations have been passed and the Medallion awarded. This also includes the provision of Textbook and one Triangular Bandage.

Should a student of First Aid desire to keep closely in touch with his newly acquired knowledge, and continue after the third year, and pass further examinations, he is allowed one third-clas s free pass for self and wife, to any part of the N.E.R. systems during such year of examination.

I n the event of an accident, and it is necessary for the First Aider to accompany his patient to doctor, hospital, or home, he is-if on p iec e work, as in loco works-allowed his pay at piece work rate, while so employed, and in all other cas es h is pay goes on as usual at time rate.

This c onst itutes the practice at present on the old N.E.R. in connection with the generous and voluntary help accorded

AI D.- January, 1923.

t? those who owe so to others sacrifice their spare time to prepare to assist when most assistance is needed.

Yours, etc.

FIRST AIDER.

and to eorrespondents.

-2ueries will be dealt witk under tke lollowing rules :-

I.-Letters containinr, Queries must be marked on the top lelt hana corner of tke envelope and addressed-FIRsT AID, 1- 6 , Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4.

2.-A II Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut fro" tke current issue of tke Journal, or in case 01 Queries Irom abroa( from a recent issue.

1. - The Textbook, to which reference may be made in these columnJ is the 36th (r920) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

TRE ATMENT OF WOUND OF FOREARM.

A. B. (Sheffi eld ).-ln a recent competition I was told to treat a man who was supposed to have a transverse wound (with arterial bleeding) on the front of the right forearm inches below elbow joint. '

I appl ied digital pressure to brachial artery until 1 had prepared a tourniquet. I then my tourniquet to the arm, bared the limb, cleansed the wound, placed a clean dry absorbent dressing on wound, pllt on a firm pad and bandage, released indirect pressure and finally placed limb in large arm-sling.

Please tell me if you apprm e my treatment. I may add that ir th is competition I lost marks, and that the judge simply wanted us to compress the bra c hial artery by flexion at the elbow for which he gave full marks.

On the statement of facts, presented by you, I consider your treatment was the more correct, though I note that you did not apply Iodine a'1d that you" cleansed" the wound. Do not forget the (p. 84) only allow,S cleansing of wound, ( r ) If wound IS obViously dirty and (2) If surgical aid cannot be procured at once.

Further, since the Textbook requires that all cases ot arterial bleeding must be treated by temporary indirect pressure, I won,der how anyone could dress a wound in the position named whIle pressure was being kept up by flexion at the elbow.-N. CORBET FL ET CHER.

TREATM E NT OF BURNS AND SCALDS.

F. S. (C rawshawbooth) asks for the best treatment for Burns and Scalds.

The "best treatment» being that which carries out the prime object of First-Aid-that is "prevention of aggravation of injury or condition," 1 have nothing to add to the instructions laid down in the Textbook, pp. lI-fI3.-N.C.F.

TRE ATMENT OF VITRIOL BURN'S.

F. S. (Crawshaw booth ):- I am in doubt as to how 1 should treat Burns caused by Oil of Vitriol, because 1 have been told that with this acid alkalies would effervesce and so do further injury Please advise.

Your information is not quite correct. First, effervescence only takes place when an aCId is brought into contact with a bicarbonate, for which reason the Textbook now omits bicarbonate of soda as an antidote for Corrosive Acid Poisoning. Seco ndly, no further injury to tissues would result as the sequel to such effervescence.

The first choice of antidotes now named in Textbook for

January, 19 2 3. -FlltST

Acid Poisoning is limewater, which you could use to wash burns caused by Oil of Vitriol provided that you were certain of its surgical purity; or, better still, since bicarbonate of soda solution is so soothing to burns and scalds, you could first wash burn freely with warm sterile water to remove excess of free acid previous to applyi ng the bicarbonate solution.-N.C.F.

PREPARATION OF S l\ IELLING SALTS

S. C. ( Walsall).-Can you tell me how we can make Smelling Salts and thereby assist our Divisional funds? I recently had our bottles re-filled at the chemists, but the bottles seem to lose their value within a week, so that they quickly become a source of expense which we wish to avo id, if we can.

Shop-10ught bottles of Smelling Salts are filled wiLh Sal Prunella Salts, to which Strong Ammonia (Liq. Ammonia Fort) is added, with a drop or two of Oil of Lavender as perfume. The balls in the bottles have no inherent value and are present only for appearance. A more efiective method is to fill the bottle with sm;j,ll pieces of Ammonium Carbonate, to add Strong Ammonia in quantity just sufficient to moisten but not to S'Zl amp the pieces of Ammonium Carbonate; and finally to add the same perfume as above. Then, if you keep the bottle well-stoppered and add a little Strong Ammonia from time to time, you can maintain the strength of the Smelling S3.1ts and also keep down Divisional expenses.-N.C.F.

TRl£ ATMENT OF PARTIAL ASPHYXIA.

W.C. (Chesterfield) :-1 thank you for your kind answer to my query of above title in October issue. 1 regret, however, that I cannot agree with you when you say that "the doctor would probably withdraw blood directly from a vein," because in an actual instance ofihis condition I once saw a doctor open an artery in the wrist in an unsuccessful attempt to save life.

I, too, regret that you cannot agree with me! Still, the facts are as stated, and in the case quoted there may have been some special reason for the action taken of which the doctor-incharge is the best judge; and you apparently forget the old saying, "One swallow maket 1lllot summer" ! !-N-C. F.

ACTION OF EPIGLOTTIS.

W.C. (Chesterfield),-In view of the fact that the Epiglottis fits tightly over the larynx, what kind of artificial respiration would you suggest for a person asphyxiated by Carbonic Acid gas?

1 am sorry to have again to disagree so soon; but the epiglottis does not" fit tightly over the larynx." As a fact, it protects the larynx because during the act of swallowing it becomes depressed and folded upon itself.

The "kind " of artificial respiration suggested is that which is most effectual; and the method is, therefore, Schafer's, which is the easiest of all methods in its performance and approaches most nearly to natural breathing,-N.C.F.

A COMPLIC AT ED TEST.

P. C. (New South Wales).-Though far across the seas, we shall welcome and thank you for an expression of your opinion as to the of this case which was set in a recent competitIOn m Sydney.

"A man fell from a train in the Bush country, far away from any habitation. He is suffering from a compound fracture of lower jaw w,ith arterial bleeding from facial artery caused by broken Jaw and also from a compound fracture of right thigh-bone with blood welling up from the wound. While you are treating him, he is seized with a severe epileptic fit. Treat and remove on stretcher to hospital."

The test has caused a good deal of comment particularly as to the treatment of the broken jaw. Many of ns applied the bandage for broken jaw (an d incidentally obtained full marks for this detail of treatment), but others

AID - I33

omitted it on account of the Epileptic seizure. Please tell us what you think of the test and what should be done.

On your statement of facts the test is based on an absurdity. The accident occurs "in the Bush country far away from any habitation," and yet the competitors were required to "treat and remove on stretcher to hospital" !! I guess that some of you dreamed that you were back in France!

As to the compound fracture of the jaw with injury to facial artery, I consider that the application of the jaw bandage was strictly co rrect in accordance with the Textbook, which (p. 9 0 ) now suggests this bandage as a means of controlling bleeding from Facial Artery through pressure on pad placed on pressure point Further, if you keep the patient s jaw compressed together with this bandage, there is little risk of him biting his tongue while in the Epileptic fit, whereby you not only carry out the special treatment of the latter (p. 148 ) but also prevent any risk of further aggravation of the fractured jaw during the convulsions.

I am glad that you do not invite a complete solution of the test, though you do ask my opinion about it. Well, frankly I do not like it, because it is too comple x to be of practical value to enthusiastic First-Aiders such as you fellows "across the seas" are. Lnng may you flourish! !-N.C. F.

TR A 'SPOR T OF FRACTURED PRLYl S.

1. W. (Totley).-With a patient who, after being knocked down and run over by a motor lorry, is suffering from Fracture of Pelvis with complications, which is the correct method of loading a stretcher-clausp. (b) or clause (c) of Textbook (p. 53 ) -when a fifth bearer is available. Kindly advise.

Clause (c) on page 53.-N.C.F.

TREAT:\IEN T OF BURN'S.

A. A. (Pyton-on-Tyne).-Will you please tell us your oplDlon of Picric Acid ( T 0 0) in treatment of Burns? It has lately been introduced in place of Carron Oil in Ambulance Stations on the Tyneside; but some of our doctors are not in favour of its use as they say that it is a dangerous poison in the hands of layrr en. Please accept our greetings and thanks for all your help.

On the whole 1 agree with those who think it wise to withhold Picric Acid from First Aid outfits; and I consider that by strict attention to the instructions given for treatment of Burns in the Textbook (which, I was once told, was said to be based on extensive experience with such ca ses ou the Tyneside ) you will succeed in carrying out the chief object of First Aid and in preventing aggravation of injury, For the rest accept my thanks and refer to the answer under the above title in the December issue.-N.C.F.

MEDDLE SOME FIR ST- AID.

A.S. (Leicestershire) :-N ot long ago I was called to a young woman who was stated by those in attendance to be suffering from cramp in the left hand and arm 1 was told that they had been rubbing the limb for 45 minutes; and I found the fist firmly clenched, no pulse at the wrist and an apparent obstruction to the circulation of the I immersed the limb in a bucket of hot water up to the elbow and kept it ttere for several minutes, after which with considerable difficulty I was able to straighten the fingers. I then placed limb in a padded splint and applied a roller bandage.

Afterwards 1 saw the parents of my patient, told them what I had don.e, and adVIsed them if it occurred again, to use an electnc battery to the arm. Three weeks later the patient had another attack; the parents did as I had suggested; and the patient is now well and able to work. Was my treatment corre c t?

Emphatically no !! On the contrary, from the beginning to the end of your treatment you stand convicted of Meddlesome First-Aid and of having flagrantly neglected the most

" COMPETITOR."

vital Principle of First-Aid, which (Textbook, p. 26) lays it down that an efficient First-Aider" must on no account take upon himself the duties and responsibilities of a doctor."

At the outset your duty as a First-Aider was to have asked" those in attendance" why they were "acting- the silly goat" for 45 minutes, to have supported the limb in an armsling, and to have removed the patient forthWIth to medical assistance.

By the way, do not offend again or I might be tempted to put into cold print your true initials and your Township.-N.C. F.

R.N.A.S.B.R.

THE regulations of the mention seven days' training, but as time is occupied with travelling, the minimum number is si days.

I, They must arrive at the hospital or ship on Saturday.

2. Those arriving before noon on the Saturday will be discharged at 4.30 on the following Thursday.

3. Those arriving after noon on Saturday will be discharged at 9 a.m. on the folloNing Saturday.

4. Reservists who cannot complete the full training must complete on S.B.R.S the date and time a.m. or p.m. on which they wish to leave hospital or ship.

5. As the Admiralty are arranging for a liberal amount of leave while on training, it is considered reserv· ists ought to do the full seven days ' training where possible

With reference to Brigade Order 387, all reservists who have not yet received th e ir war medals may now apply to the Accountant General of the Navy, Medal Branch, Admiralty, for same.

The necessary application form can be obtained on application to the Chief Commissioner.

Chiropody

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AID.- January, I923

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Special terms Dow-half fees-to of S.J.A.B., &c. Apply (stamp) to MR. J. E. WALDEN, Sec., Westmmster College (Lady Dispenser Section of the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. ,874) 112. St. Georg-e's Road. Southwark. London.

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ape essential fop NASAL HYGIENE, COLDS, Hay -Feve r, Measles. etc. Pzwt whzte, soft "Silky p'ibre," lSO for 2/-. Also "Papier Crepon," thicker. 50 for 1/8. Get' 'TOINOCO" brand at your chemist's and avoid self-infection with a fabric handkerchier. Post Free, Dept. S, Tolool:o Co., 55, Hatton Garden, London.

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January, 19 2 3.

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FIRST AID ATLAS OF FRACTURES & DISLOCATIONS

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"IT For the first time X-Ray Photographs are being made use of for demonstration purposes, and this Pocket Atlas is unique inasmuch as that it provides the First Aid and Ambulance Worker with something that until now has been non-existent.

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AI D.- January, I923.

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Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3oS. 6d. post free; single copies 3d. Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily (or {}ublication) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4. 1 elegraphic Address.' "Twentll-jour, London."

1 elephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

issued a pamphlet which stirred up feeling throughout Europe. His lectures, in connection with which he travelled from country to country, earned for him the name of " the New Peter the Hermit." . He left no stoncl unturned to arouse feeling into action, and at a meeting held in Geneva on February 9th, 1863, it was proposed that voluntary societies should be formed to minister to the needs of the sick and wounded in war. Thus the Red Cross Movement was launched. As a complimrnt to Dunant and the country that gave him birth, the red cross on a white ground (the Swiss national emblem reversed) was selected as the flag of the voluntary relief societies, and gave its name to the Movement.

Previous to 1863 the working of the idea may in some measure be traced to the Order of St. Mary, instituted at the siege of Acre in 11 go, and in other knightly Orders, such as that of St. John. The work of Florence Nightingale in the Crimean War had also turned public attention to the need of some such organisation. The Crescent and the Cross first joined hands through the Red Cross Move , ment in the wars of 1876-8.

The

THIS month marks the sixtieth anniversary of the Red Cross MoveDiamond JubiIeee ment, a movement which owes its of the origin to the feelings of sympathy Red Cross which were awakened throughout Movement. Europe by the sufferings of the wounded III the Crimean and Austrian-Italian wars, especially In the latter at Solferino in 1859.

The Order of St. John was represented at the International Congress of Red Cross Societies in 1869, and many members of the Order enrolled in the newly formed British National Aid (Red Cross) Society at the outbreak of war in 1870.

In 1878, at a meeting held in the Pall Mall Restaurant, London, the opinion was expressed that no Red Cross Society could fulfil its duty in times of war unless organised 10 times of peace, and a fund was opened to make all necessary preparations 10 the event of war.

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One, Henri Dunant, a Swiss travellf.r, is stated to have been responsible for taking the initiative in the matter. He was present at the battle at Solferino where a fierce contest of fifteen hours' duration was waged, and where thousands of wounded, man suffering untold agonies, lay upon the field unattended for more than twenty-four hours. Young Dunant organised a party of helpers who went out to attend to the needs of the wounded, It is said that Dunant wore a white linen suit and was known by the soldiers as "the White Gentleman,"

As a result of his experiences at Solferino! Dunant

It will be within the memory of many of our readers that there was sore need of properly organised voluntary help in the Boer War, and as a result of the publication of "The Sick and Wounded in South Africa," by Burdett Coutts, a Royal Commission was formed. It will also be remem bered that the St. John Am bulance Brigade took an active and prominent part in relieving the sufferings of our sick and wounded troops in South Africa, and work of this kind wa.s henceforward recognised a.s a practical

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mode of carrying into action the latter clause of th '" profession of the Order" Pro utili tat e hom inurn. "

Any reader who wishes to trace the progress of the Red Cross Mov e ment will find much of inter e 3t in "The Ord f' r of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem l) (Bedford and Holbeche).

Much progress was made in the last decad e , and how much the preparation made in those peac e ful years was appreciated in th :: fateful August of 1914 will still be well in mind. If the public were somewhat slow to support the Movement in p re-war days, th e y show e d their appreciation of its efforts wh e n war came and subscribed close upon twenty -two millions of pounds sterlin g for the joint needs of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St. John of J e rusal e m. Having in mind all that was a c hieved betw e en the years 19 r 4 and 19 I 9, it is we ll to briefly recall on this sixti e th a nniversary of th e Red Cross Movement something of its :: arly hist o ry.

Hospitallers and Their Gardens.

IN I he past many efforts have bE e n made by enthusiastic historians to trace th e resid e nces or h cs pitals of the ancient hospitallers and Mr. W. B Crump, of 13righousf- by clever deductions gives us e videnc e that the Kni g hts of St. John resid e d in the Y orkshir e district in th e zth and 13th centuries .

Ther e is a c e rtain l eg end that Coley Hall, near Brighous e was in e arly times the site of a hospital of the Knights of St. John. C e rtainly the to them from about the 13 t h c e ntury, and at the dissolution of the Order in I540 J o hn Rishworth was paying th e brethren an annual r e nt of fiv e shillings for th e house and tw e lve acres of land. As a matter of fact Coley was the most impor t ant holding t he K nights of St. John held in this district. For Exley Hall, in S o uthowram, they only received sixpence, and for Hull e n Edge, beyond Eiland, twelvepence a year.

But, apart from ancient doeu n e nts such :;s "YIr. Crump has been using, th e re are other kinds of evidence to be sought and fo und hat confirm and supplement th e scanty written records Th e most impor tant ana interE s ting are:-

1.-T Il E DOU BLE C ROSS Every building b e longing to the Ord e r had on it a double cross, carved in stone, as an indication that t he p lice was exe mpt from taxation. If we r Olm round Col e y we can find a cr0 3S on the hall gateway, a second on a gabl e at Up p er Winteredg e and a third b ehind the sign board of the Mi:llt Shovel Inn, formerly the" Chapel H o use. " Other places around Halifax that still possess th e Gouble cross, or at le ast a cross, are Holdsworth House in Ovenden and High House in Midgley. Mr. E. W Cro; s ley has r e cently found th e double cross at Hull e n E dge , much worn, r ebui lt longways on into the wa ll of 'I n o u tb uil d ing there.

2 - P LACE N An TES Names last even longer than buildIn g s a nd Of lt n furnish a wh e n n o tbing else survives, as, fo r R astnck Common. For this

AI D.- February, 1923

r e ason we treasure th e evid e nce affvrded by "St. John's Cross, " and of "Upper Knightroyd " and" Lower Knightroyd " close to Holdsworth House. Is there not a St. John's Inn and a St. John ' s well 0n the boundary of the modern cem e tery at Rastrick ?

3.-D ov Es C OTES.- The accounts of the various preceptories b elonging to the bre thren or knights show that the doy e cote, or ., Columb a rium," was an important and profitable addition to a manor, yielding a sttady income to the preceptory. Most of th se have disappeared with the rebuilding that prevail e d in the s e venteenth century, but there is a good e xampl e of a dove cot e at Holdsworth House that no doubt replaced an earli e r one in that c e ntury.

4.- THE AUT UM N CR OCUS. The most curious abiding relic of the influence of th e Knights of St. John in the Halifax di s trict is th e frequent occurrence of a purple crocus. It would take o o long to tell th e whole story h e re, so that t h e bri efest outlin e must suffic t' The tal e begins with the immense vogue of saffron in th e middle ages down to Elizabethan times. Every housewife want e d to use saffron now and again, but it was scarc e a nd expensive. The real saffron crocus (for saffron is obtained from a pur p le autumn -flowering crocus ) was cultivat e d round Saffron Walden, but the cultivation was difficult, and imit a tions or substitutes wer e at any rate not unknown N o w th e r e al home of the Halifax autumn crocus is the p) renees, but at som e time it was introduced into the Midlands, and it is now fo und at a number of places b e tween Warwick and Halifa x . Further, this Halifa x crocus yie lds saffron of a v e ry fair quality, and it is remuk a bly e asy to grow. In fac t once planted, it can hardly be e x te rminaten The in e vitable conclusion is that someone, befor e 1600 or 1500, distributed a fe w bulbs of this particular crocus to c e rtain housewives in this district telling them how to get th <: ir own supply of saffron from it year after ye ar. Wh En we also find that mo:;t of the places mentIOn e d a r e the vtry spots wh e r e the crocus grows to-d a y we ar e also torc e d to th e conclusion that it was a bailiff or officer of th e Kni g hts of St. John visiting th e various h o mesteads for the purpose of collecting r e nts who wa s the distributing ag e nt. Such a man was in touch with the o utside world. He might hims e lf have be e n in Spain, or he m ig ht have brought the crocus from Warwick or some oth e. r p re ceptory of the Orfi e r. He was at le ast an agent of an Ord e r which ramified th e whole Mediterranean region, and had facilities for exchanging and importing small commodi ties. Such 'At least is my own p e rsonal explanation of the facts It receiv ed strong confirmation only the other day wh e n I read that the p e rceptory of the Order at N ewland, the headquart e rs for Yorkshire in 1540, received 12d. "from Thos. S a vill, of Copley, " Esq , for rent of one close called Thynckerhay." I had known for ten years that th e crccus grew there, but not till that moment that Tink e rhey had belonged to the Knights of St. John. With this illustration I will le av e my r ea ders to find Tinkerhey and its crocus, or Winteredge either.

Brown (narrating his experi e nc e s whil e almost drownin g ): II It was a t e rribl e s e nsation! After I went down for the third time my past life flashed b e for e me in a series of pictures. '} Jones (e dging forward with sudden interest) : " You didn't happen to notic e a picture of me lending you a fiver in the autumn of 1913, did you?"

February, 19 2 3. -FIRST

:fbe Grand !Priory of tbe Order of tbc ,Xospital of St. Jobn of Jerusalem in &ngland. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

:fbe St. Jobn J\mbulance Srigade.

Prince of Wales's District DISTRICT ORDERS .

COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WI NNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL MARCH, 1923.

Sunday, 4th.-No. 13 Division, King s C ro s s, G N.R.

I! Ith.-No.IS EastHam.

I! 18th. - No.16 " L.B. & S C R., New Cross.

I! 2Sth.-No. 17 " Merton and Wimbledon.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p m., Key from St. ] ohn's Gate at 2 p.m. NEW CORPS.

The Chief Commissioner has authorised the formation of the South Metropolitan Gas Company and the Post Office Divisions into separate Corps, dating from January 1St. NURSING DIVISI O NS.

The Countess of Onslow assumed her duties as Lady District Supt. on February 1st. R.N.S.D. RESERVE.

Various communications have been sent direct to Divisions from the Chief Comm issioner's Offi c e. Very careful attention should be paid to these by those to whom they are sent.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending news paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDlTOR.

HAMPSTE AD ( N o 19 ) DrvlsION.- The Annual Divisional Dinner was held at Headquarters on Friday, February 9 th , and, under the genial chairmanship of Dr. Corbet Fletcher, was an unqualified success. The chairman proposed the toast of "The Brigade " and gave a cordial welcome to Col. G. A. Moore, C.M.G , the Deputy Shief Commissioner. In his reply Col. Moore recounted personal experiences with St. John men in the South African and European Wars, and expressed his admiration for the men who devoted their energies and leisure to ambulance work. The toast of "The Division " was put forward by the District Surcyeon, Dr. Cecil McFadden, who gave expression to the ple:sure he experienced. he to his Division and to the satIsfactIon With whIch he watched Its continued success. Replying to this toast the Superintendent, Mr. C. T. Osborn, thanked the proposer for hIS kind congratulations and the members .of the for the support which each and all afforded him. The PreSIdent, Mr. R. J. Moreland, welcomed" The Visitors, " amongst whom he was pleased to see the ladies, the Vicar of St. John s, and a cheery circle of friends from the Northern Hei g hts Division. To this toast Bishop Goldsmith replied and gave voice to hi s admiration for the work carried out so long, so willingly, and so efficiently by the Hampstead Divis ion. During the evening Col. Moore presented the" Sleath Gent Cup " to Pte. F. Tull whom he congratulated in that he was the fourth member of the Hampstead Division to win this individual award in the

A I D.- 139

District Competit ions. He then presented the" Hurst Team Cup" to Pte. F. Edwards as the representative of the successful squad for the year, the II Hoare Effic ien cy Medal " to Sergt. W. Roust, and the individual "Efficiency Pendant :J to Corpl. Hanmore. The musical part of the evening- was entrusted to Cyclist H. Reed Evans and Pte. Codrin g ton who provided an excellent and varied programme of songs, recitations, etc., so that everyone present was sorry when, with the toasting of "The Chairman " in a happy spee c h by Ambulance -Officer E. T. Milburn, and his repl y , the func t ion ended with the sin g ing of " Auld Lan g Syne. "

N o 51 (BLACKHE AT H) N URS IN G D1 VISION -Morden Terrace Evening Institute, Lew isham road, has the d istin c ti o n of being the only L.C C. Institute to poss ess its own N urs in g Division of the St. ] ohn Ambulan ce Bri g ade ac tuall y c onne c ted with and formed entirely b y students and tea c he rs F rom Miss E. L May, the Lady Supt., an d Mi ss E. R u ss ell-Hallet, hon. se c to the students.

Last month a social was held for the bene fi t of the funds , and a very pleasant evenin g wa s spent at the Inst it ute. The members, headed by Miss !fe, vi c e -pre s ident , Mis s M ay , and Miss Russell - Hallett, worked hard to ma ke the e vent one worthy of their Division, and in th is they were q uite successful.

SOUTHEN D.-Members and friends of the Divis ion met at the Queen's Hotel, \Vestcl iff, to c elebrate the fi rst of what is hoped to be a series of annual suppers. S up t. John F . M ay, B Sc., was in the c ha ir, supported by Comman d ant and Mrs H. Langley Jones, Mr. E. P. Druitt, 1\1 r. a nd Mrs. W ilfred Tee, Mr. and Mrs. A. T. Edwards and other s yrn p a th isers with the work of the Division.

In proposing the toa s t of the pro gr es s and prospe r ity of the Division, Commandant Langley Jones emphas is e d the unselfishness of the men, who at a ny time o f t he d a y or n ig ht we r e prepared to turn out for the relief of those in need of the ir help , and he deplored the ignorance wh ic h existe d in the B o r ou g h concern ing the scope and magnitude o f th"! vo lunta ry s erv ice o f the Division

In reply, Supt. J. P. May thanked Comm a n da n t Lan g le y Jones for his appreciative remarks and goo d wishes. He thought it surprising that in v iew of the larg e number of c a s es treated, people were still so ignorant of the work bei ng done in their midst, not only by members who were most in t he publ ic eye, but those who devot€d time and la bour to thin g s inseparable from the or g anisat ion, su ch as s to r ekeep in g and lookin g after the accounts and statist ics. He also re ma rke d up on the help given by the lo c al Nursin g Di v ision a nd b y those who III variOUS ways sought finan c ial help fo r t h e Divisio n.

Transport Officer Hyland propos in g the he a lt h of the visitors and honorary members, reminded the la d ies p r e sent that if ambulance worK d id t a ke the ir husb a nds o ut o ve r mu ch it was a good hobby, and he did not th ink mu ch o f a man without a hobby. He referred to the valu a ble work do ne b y the honorary members, particularly the H o n . Sol ici to r and the Hon. Auditor, whose names he coupled with the toa s t.

Mr. Wilfred Tee, in replying, was sure th a in the lar g e popUlation of South end there were many who wo ul d be proud to become associated with such valuable work and p a y an annual subscription if only they knew wh at was he ing done. He advised the DiVIsion to advert ise themselves much more extensively and let people know what they were doing.

Mr. E. P. Druitt expressed his pleasure at bein g able to help the Divis ion, and referred to the pr ide which he felt at being associated with them, giv in g instan c es of work done which come with in his personal knowled g- e Dellghtful music was provided durin g the e\'enin O" by a party, under the d irection of M r A. E. St r in g er <>

No. 2 District.

BRI STOL. - Supt R. Parker H ill D iv is ion ), who recently celebrated hIS golden weddlO g , wa s e nterta ined with

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his wife by members of their family, officials of the Brigade, and members of the Barton Hill DivIsion.

Supt. Parker joined the Brigade in 1897, which at that time numbered only eight, and spent those early days in fostering interest in the work and securing recruits, and making arrangements for their attendance at sports grounds and public places to render first aid in case of necessity. Supt. Parker has been in charge of ambulance arrangements at the Colston Hall, since February, I903, and after serving in various capacities and ranks was pro:noted superintendent in 1906, and has been a prominent figure on many public occasions in Bristol and London.

Corps Supt. A. Cotton, M.B.E., in making a presentation to Supt. and Mrs. Parker, congratulated them upon the anniversary, and said the gift was a tribute to his valuable work for the Brigade. On behalf of the officers and men of the Barton Hill Division he asked Supt. Parker to accept a suitably inscribed gold· mounted umbrella, hoping he would never experience the proverbial rainy day. On behalf of four nursing sisters of the Brigade, who worked with Supt. Parker at Colston Hall, he asked Mrs. Parker to accept a silver sugar scoop, an indication, he hoped! of a sweet future.

Supt. and Mrs. Parker expressed their very great appreciation of the gifts, which had come as a great surprise, and would ever remain an indication and a token of their good will. A very enjoyable musical programme was provided. Ambulance Officer Stiles being in the chair.

No. 4 Disrrict.

ATHERTox.-The two Divisions have now secured new headquarters which takes the form of a hut erected at the rear of a public hall, this were formally opened last month by Mr. C. Fletcher. The hut, which was presented to the Brigade by Mr. Miles F. Burrows, measures about 60 ft. by 20 ft. Before declaring the building op'!n Mr. Clement Fletcher remarked that he was glad that the Atherton Division had at last secured headquarters, as they had been moved from place to place since the formation of the Brigade in 19 11. He paid a fine and well-deserved tribute to the men's section. which, during the war had sent 84 members to the front, four of whom had gained honours. The ladies were also deserving of a fair share of the congratulations. Public subscriptions Wf're urgently required so as to add to the equipment and increase the omtort of the hut. He made a strong appeal for public support in the matter. Mr. Fletcher then presented the certificates and labels to the ladies' section, and afterwards handed a pair of bronze ornaments to Cpl. J. T. \\'oodhall in recognition of the latter's services. Cpl. Woodhall suitably responded, and said he was always ready to give his services. At the close Dr. Russell moved a vote of thanks to Mr. Fletcher and to Mr. O. Barnes who presided. The hut is splendidly appointed, the electric light having been given and installed by the District Council.

SOUTH PORT.-A most enjoyable whist drive and dance was org-anised by Mrs. Harrison on February 6th. During the evening a handsome bouquet was present to the Mayoress by Mrs. Harrison, on behalf of the Division, and Miss Willett responded in a happy speech, in which she alluded to the valuable servi:es rendered by the members of the Division at the local hospitals during the war. The Mayor, Alderman J. E. Willett, attended the latter portions of the proceedings, and also referred in congr3.tulatory terms to the members' war services. The prizes were distr ibuted by the Mayoress, to whom a cordial vote of thanks was passed on the motion of :\riss M. Brown, Supt. of the Division.

No. 5 District.

BR1GHOUSE.-Owing to a mortgage of £600 still remaining on the headquarters of the Corps, a splendid endeavour was made to clear off the debt by holding a large bazaar on February 6th, 7th, 8th and roth, and we understand that the

AID.- February, 1923

takings for the four days amounted to £890, a very creditable result, which should now place the Corps on a sound financial footing.

The bazaar was a beautiful representation of "Flowerland." The decorations took the form of flowers and white lattice work, and each was decorated with the flower wh05e name it bore, giving a very striking effect. At one end of the large room was the cafe, and that too was decorated with flowers, whilst the platform had a wide arch, in the foreground of which was the St. John's motto, " Pro fide."

The bazaar was opened on the first day by the Mayor of Brighouse (Alderman C. F. Sugden), on the second day by l\Irs. C. H. \Valshaw, on the third day by Mr. W. C. Robinson, M.P., and on the fourth day by Commissioner S. W. Malkin. On each occasion they were well supported by those connected with the ambulance movement and prominent townspeople.

Not the least pleasing part of the bazaar were the concerts which were gi'/en every evening.

The decoration of the hall was under the directIOn of Corps Supt. A. Thornton, and the construction work was by Mr. C. Briggs.

l,RIM SBY. -- The members of the above Division were entertained to a social evening and supper, by a few influential friends, in the Victoria Rooms, Silver-street, Grimsby, last evening, the 7th inst.

A good programme was arranged by the Supt., which included songs by Miss G. Harris and Miss Myers Mr. A. O. i\lason ( Baritone ), Mr. Sedgwick and Mr. Aitken (Tenor), step dancing by Mr. and pianoforte solos and accompaniments by Messrs. Ely, Readman and Skelton. The step dancing of Mr. Sheridan was most capably performed and highly entertaining.

During the evening an excellent supper was provided for the members, their wives and friends, and during intervals a few of the party indulged in a game of whist. Dancing also figured on the programme, and those who cared for this kind of recreation were delighted with the time so spant.

A few suitable remarks were made by Supt. Gott, especially to the wives, thanking them for the splendId sacrifices in allowing the members so much time to devote to the cause of First Aid, a cause that was well worthy of anyone taking up, as none know when the day of trouble may arrive aud a knowledge of this practical method of first aid would in many cases be the means of saving life or limb. He appealed for the support of all concerned to do their very best to make the work of the Division a real and abiding success. Loyalty to the cause may take some of our leisure but the results to be attained were worthy of all the sacrifices.

Mr. Steele proposed a vote of thanks to the ladies who had worked hard during the afternoon and evenidg to make the success that had been achieved. The best thanks of the meeting also was due to the efforts of the Supt who had worked hard to make an enjoyable event.

LEEDS.- The Annual Competition for the (. Ellison' Shield was held at Corn Exchange, Leeds, on Saturday Jan uary 20th, 1923.

Four nursing divisions competed and markings placed them in the following order :I, Leeds" Victoria" Nursing Division; 2, Bradford" City Tramway" Nursing Division; 3, Bradford" City" Nursing Division: 4, Bradford "Co-operative" Nursing Division. Judges, Dr. and Mrs. Sanderland, Cleckheaton.

The shield was first competed for in 1922 and won by Bradford City Tramways Nursing Division, 5 medal accompanying the Aprize the indiVIdual coml?etitor was won by NurSIng Sister MISS HaInsworth, Leeds VIctoria Nursing Division.

In accordance with usual procedure, Leeds "Victoria" Nursing Division will represent the Midland area, W. R. of Yorks, in competition fol' the" Birkbeck" Challenge Bowl,

February, 19 2 3. -FIRST No.6 District.

HULL.- The following account of a very successful means of helping the headquarters' funds will, we. are sure, be of interest to nursing divisions throughout the bngade. The lady officers of the Hull corps to hold an American tea which means ladies interested In ambulance work are asked if they will be hostesses each hostess not less than six friends, each friend undertakes to brIng a present of not less than IS. value, and before leaving, a purchase of not less than IS. value. The hostesses f!rovlde everyth ing for their afternoon tea except hot water, chaIrs and t:tbles whIch are hired. This is really not a formidable task as eacn lady only provides enough for her friends It is a very pretty and animated scene, the tables WIth each fancy cloths, lovely china and flowers, and the personal frtends chatting together round their h05tesses We w.ere very favoured in Hull, our lady corps officers haVIng enhsted the sympathy and interest of other ladles. in the county who brought friends, and in one case a stnng of excellent performers which added very much to the enjoyment. Lady N unburnsholme, who is one of the presidents of the Hull corps, accepted our invitation.

No. 8 District.

GUlLDF ORD.-The annual meeting of the Guildford Ambulance Division was held at the Wycliffe Hall last month. The chair was occup ed by the honorary president, Sir Arthur Martindale, K.C.S.I., Knight of Grace of the Order. He was supported by Dr. J. H. W. Laing, Divisional Surgeon; Mr. A. N. Waterman, hon. Divisional Surgeon: and ;\1r. J. D. Rutter, Divisional Supt. Mr. Martin Williamson, Supt. of the Guildford Corps, Corps-Officers Racine and Lambert, and Corps-Selgeant-Major Wells were also present.

The Secretary reported that 23 members had fulfilled all requirements in the matter of efficiency, and th.at w.ere entitled to an additional badge for three years'.efficlent servIce. One service medal and 33 service badges would thus be held in the Division.

There had been 77 public duties, including attendance at Brooklands for motor cycle races, the Royal Counties Agricultural show-which involved night and day duty for over a week-Guildford Carvival, athletic sports, school treats, etc Cases of accident treated numbered 429, in addition to 35 urgent accident calls.

Sir Arthur Martindale congratulated the DIVISIonal Supt. on the splendid result of his zealous and enthusiastic work, and spoke in appreciation of the Divisional" Gratitude Book," in it is proposed to record the names of those who rendered outstanding service to the Division. The first two names in the book were those of the late Dr. F. R. Russell and of Mr. Martin Williamson, with a short appreciation of the work of each.

NO.9 District.

PENBNCE.- This Division held what they hope to regard as the first annual dinner last month. The function was held in the Western Hotel under the presidency of the Supt. of the Brigade (Mr. R. H. Quick), who was supported by the postmaster of Penzance (Mr. W. H. Bartlett), Mr. J. H. Hardy, Dr. G. Symons (Surgeon of the Brigade), and Ambulance Officer Mr. P. B. Corin.

A very sociable evening was spent and after dinner some toasts were submitted.

REDRUTIl.-This Division recently started an Infant Welfare Centre in the town. Mrs. Joseph Rich, Lady Supt. of Redruth Nursing Division, is responsible for initiating the movement, and with members and the help of district health visitors, will carry it on.

No. 10 District.

!pswlcH.-A dinner and social evening was held at the

AID.-

"Queen's Restaurant," 1pswich, by kind invitation of the Suffolk Commissioner, Dr. S. O. Eades, to meet the bandmaster and bandsmen of the Ipswich Corps. Invitations had been given to the Commissioner of the District and his staff, all of whom attended, who with Divisional Surg-eons and Corps Officers sat down to an excellent meal with the bandsmen. The dinner was followed by a concert interspersed with speeches. The Commissioner urged the band boys to remember the uniform they wore. It was a uniform whose badge dated back to the Crusaders was an honourable uniform and one every man and boy should be proud to wear, and whe? wearing must never forget that he must know the of It as a sacred trust and on no account by any behavlOur on hiS part to bring disrepute to it. I t was sure Band Sergt. Cobbold who had brought the musIcal part of the boys to a very efficient pitch must not forget the other part" First Aid."

The evening was a most enjoyable one and it is hoped to make it an annual affair. I t was suggested that when the various Divisions in the district settled when they proposed to hold their St. John's Day the band should be sent to assist them. This was unanimously agreed to subject to the all important question ot funds.

Great improvements have been made at the S1. John's Drill Hall in I pswich. Various alterations have been made, the work entailed being carried out free of cost by members of the District Staff. As a result Corps have their own office, Headquarters Staff have also their own office equipped the necessary accommodation for all records and every faCIlIty for carrying on their work. The Nursing Corps have also their room allocated for their use, where their documents can be s tored and their correspondence suitably filed and tabulated.

Great credit is due to Staff Officers Gooderham, Hill Damant and Lord for their pcrsonal efforts to carry this out. The I pswich Corps is well equipped for any increase of work that may come along, and they hope all Divisions in the District will not hesitate to make full use of the Headquarters in all difficulties when it will be a pleasure as well as a duty to do all they can to make the district second to none.

NO.1 (S.E. & C.R.) District.

Hastings division recently arranged a very enjoyable social evening, which was attended by members of Hastings Town No.8 District and Hastings Red Cross workers. The popular station-master, Mr. E. E. Morgan, presided, supported by Mr. E. A. Richards, Commissioner, No. XI. District; Mr. Marshall, loco foreman; Mr. Tidy, goods agent; Mr. Brigg, permanent way inspector, and other railway officials. During the evening a presentation was made to Mr. C. Milton, who has jU'5t been appointed district officer.

Mr. P. C. Hopper, M.B.E., station superintendent, presided over the annual dinner of the Victoria division at the Hotel Belgravia, on 2..J.th ulto. He was supported by Sir G. Lenthal Cheatle K.C.B., C. V.O., F.R.C.S., Dr. N. Corbett Fletcher, Mr. Meale, F.R.C.O., and many other friends of the division. London Bridge Nursing- Division had a splendid repo rt ready for the annual meeting. Lady Div. Supt. l\liss VV. Grindley has been ably supported during 1922 by her helpers. Hither Green Division also reports a fruitful year. After over twelve years' service Mr. W. H. Smith is giving up the secretaryshi p.

The annual dinner of the London Divisions at the Bridge House Hotel was a very successful affair, although heavy fog kept a few seats vacant. The presence of No. I district officers was highly appreciated. A presentation to the centre secretary was a small acknowledgment of many years' devoted service to the association and brigade.

North Kent Division is settling down to increased work in a very uifficult area. Fortunately the local railway officials and the public are co-operating in a joint effort that promises to be of the greatest assistance.

Chatham Division with its wing at Sittingbourne and Gravesend is making good headway, although death has removed two very capable workers. This is another point where much assistance is being given by No.8 district, and

-FIRST AID.-

the general objects of the brigade are being correspondingly advanced.

Dover and Ramsgate divisions are forging well ahead and appointments are now being made for the new division- at Folkestone

No. 12 (Irish) District.

The officers of the Brigade gave a dinner on February !oth Mills' Hall, to which were invited a number of guests, lllcludmg the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, Lady Arnott, D.B E, S ir Aenry McLaughlin, KB.E., G. A. Newson, Gordon Brewster, C. A. Trouton, C.B.E., M. Barrington Jellett, and Miss M. R. Scott.

The"toasts incl.uded "The King," "The Order," and "The J?ngade .; and deltghtful speeches were made by the CommisSIOner ( Sir John Lumsden), the Lord Chief Justice Sir Robert Tate, and Mr. VV. G. Smith. '

Musical selections were rendered by Miss E. Stuart Weir, Supts. Smurthwaite and McNamara Ambulance Officer Wright, and :\Ir. David Legge; Mr. H. R. White acted as <l:ccompanist, Pipers S.J.A.B. Band also gave selectIOns fror,n their repertOIre durmg dinner.

DUring the evening a presentation was made to Lady Corps Supt. 1\1rs. Shanks from her friends as a token of appreciation of her splendid services to the Brigade.

It is with real regret that we learn of the illness of Lady Ambulance Sister MIss Mary Stafford, Iessrs. W. R. Jacob & Co.'s Nursing Division. Miss Stafford was a member of the team which won the "Perrott" Shield in London last May and is also holder of the District Individul Cup (Women) and one of the most popular of our members. Miss Stafford's colleagues wish her a speedy return to health and competition work.

New South Wales.

REPORT OF THE RAILWAY AND TRAMWAY AMBULANCE CORPS.

THE thirty·seventh year of the Corp3' operations adds 557 new members t? the roll, the strength of which is c2,5 0 5, and of Its members were successful at Efficiency ExamInatlOns from 109 classes which completed the course of The 1,008 Efficiency members passed is a rec?rd exceeds by 56 the previous record of 95 2, was In the years 1912 and 1913 respectively. There remamed 14 classes to complete theIr training and undergo examination when this report closed on N ovem ber 3 0th , 19 22

2,3 6 7 employees expressed willingness to receive the course of instruction, for whom 153 classes were organised and, although 2,948 pprsons attended meetings, only 1 70; presented themselves f?r examination, of whom 1,585 The remamder and many who were unable to complete the tn:.ining have gained sufficient knowledge to be of use in an emergency.

. The Corps members as usual have rendered valuable servIces to many of their fellow employees and to nonemployees alike throughout the State.

At the presentation to the successful team of the Lindsay .Shield for ambulance competition in the .PolIce Force, Lord Provost Hutchison said it was mterestmg to know that at the pre5cnt moment every member of the force possessed the St. Andrew Ambulance FIrSt-Aid Certificate.

February, 1923.

Ambulance Work on the Great Western Railway, 1922.

IN the matter of successful examinees, which is perhaps the most convenient means by which to measure the progress [on ambulance work in any centre, the Great Western Railway have in the year 1922 eclipsed the record they set up for the previous year, by approximately 30 pH cent. This can only be regarded as a creditable achievement, particularly when it is borne in mind that the railways have been reducing rather than increasing staff establishments during the past year.

The accompanying chart shows the progress which has been made from 19 13 onwards and it will be c.bserved therefrom that while approximately the same number cf men are undergoing re-examination year by year for labels, there has been quite an acquisition of new members (certificates) since 1919. The lower totals which obtained during the years 191.) to 1919 are, of course, attributable to the War-when 25.479 G.W.R. employees served with the Colours. It should be mentioned that the recently acquired railways have made no contribution to the figures upon which the chart is prepared and the figures for 19 22 are quite comparable with those of previous years.

During the year the usual series of competitions were held at various points throughout the Line in which no fewer than 138 teams participated. The adjudicator, Dr. J. M. Carvell, who has judged G.W.R. Competitions for many years, and who is now engaged in connection with the 1923 contests, reported that the work of the competitors showt:.d a high standard of first aid efficiEncy. An innovation in connection with the competitions was the giving of prizes in kind, instead of money as heretofore a of practice which was much appreciated by reCIpIents.

As in past years numerous cases of actual first aid rendered by mem bers of the G. W.R. staff in circumstances involving personal injuries of a serious nature were recorded. In due course medal and certificate awards will be made in connection therewith, in accordance with the recomendations of the Company's Medical Officer.

In recognition of services of an exceptional character rendered during the year five G.W.R. ambulance workers were selected as Honorory Serving Brothers of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, and another was awarded the Vellum Vote of Thanks.

Another innovation worthy of record during the year was the fusion of the Safety and First Aid Movements which has proved very popular. It was felt that the ambulance worker was pre-eminently able to appreciate the value of the prevention of accidents and that the am bulance organisation was p:uticularly fitted for the furtherance of Saft ty work

In the year 1921 the Directors, in order to mark the twenty·fifth anniversary of the formation of the Great Western Railway Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association agreed to issue gold medals to members of the staff with fifteen years first aid efficiency and last year bars were introduced, for attachment to the medals, for each additional five years efficiency. Some 170 gold medals were issued during the year and applicat ions (or anum ber of bars are now being dealt with.

As from Decembtr, 192 I, the organisation of classes in the Principality of Wales has been carried on in connection with the Welsh Priory of the Order of St. John

February, 1923. -FIRST

and it is understood that the arrangement has proved very satisfactory.

The movement has gained considerably by the practical interest which is taken in it by the Directors and Officers of the Company and the success which has been achieved is also in large measure attributable to the efficient divisional organisation which exists.

Members of the medical profession continue to afford invaluable assistance to the Movement by acting as lecturers and examiners of classes.

The new session op:ns with considerable added territory to the Great Western Railway system, under the provisions of the Railways Act, 192 I, which has necessi-

AID.-

was a necessity that the emploYEe, used the excellent first aid room so ably run by Miss McKelltn, their Welfare Supervisor. It was bad policy to nEglect a trifling wound if they valued their health and limbs and even lives. Th.e best safety devised was the careful employee. Was It not better to be careful on the job than sorry in the hospital?

The latest film production of the AssocIatIOn named, entitled "1\ Chapter of Accident>," was exhibited to a large attendance, representatives of the management and work people.

Messrs. John Barron and Sons, Ltd., were among the first compames in the clothing industry to conduct an

tated the formation of three new divisions (making 17 in all) to be known as the Central Wales, Cardiff Valleys and South Wales Docks Divisions respectively.

The Importance of First Aid.

" SAFETY FIRST" or accident prevention is a radiant star in the firmament of humanity, but ambulances, hospitals, doctors and undertakers are kept busily engaged, simply because there are individuals who persist in pursuing a course in life criminally indifJerel!t to their own safety and that of their fellows. So said Mr. E. J. Wallace, SafEty Engineer, of the Accident Prevention Department, National Employers' Mutual General Insurance Assurance recently at a safety cinema lecture in the staff canteen of Mes8rs. John Burton and Sons, Ltd , Leeds, at a meeting of ern ployees.

Delling with the hazud of bhod poiscniog in its relation to the Safety First movement, the lecturers s.:tid that thy only safeguard against septicremia ;vas a whole skin. If tl-)e skin was pricked by a needle, scratched by a piece of wood, or torn by a nail, no matter how slightly, it

prevention campaign, and accidents ir. their factory are rapidly decreasing in frequency and diminishing in severity.

The half-yearly meeting of the L'Jndon and Xorth Eastern Railway Centre (North Eastern area) centre held at Darlington on 27th inst, when Mr. L. Bakes, Bridlington, presided over the delegates from all over the area, and business affecting the various branches of the was transacted, and Captain Geo. Jackson (General Secretary), presented his J eport. During the half year 587 books and b mdages have been issued to 35 Examinations have beQn held at Hull, Bishop Auckland, Tweedmouth, Blyth, York, Borobridge, and West Hartlepool. Reexaminations have been held at Hull, Milford and Marsk€'. The numbers who have passed examinatic 115 b :ing :-

First 46, second 50, third 20, labels 72., making a total since formation of centre in 1896, of :-First 9 [72, second 4763, third 3604, labels 3363 Classes all round going strong, and there is every hope of a record session, both in classes and competitions. Mr. G. Jackson has resumed the office of Centre Secretary.

The railway companies are in the throes of ambulance competitions, and we learn that the majority have record entries This augurs well for the ambulance movement, and it should also reflect on the final competitions.

We learn from .I.Iealtlt Notes that Sir H. E. Bruce Porter recently told a Y. M. C. A. meeting that there are six

essentials necessary to the prevention of ill-health-perseverance, fresh air, three pints of pure water daily, a moderate supply of suitable food, daily open-air exercise, and sleep under favourable conditions of darkness, silence and comfort. He also advocated a periodical visit to the doctor for examination during health, which makes a seventh point. On the first point Sir Bruce Porter advises people not to give up the pursuit of health because some of the requirements involve a struggle. It is quite evident that mem bers of the medical profession believe in ''patients and perseverance" ! .. .. ..

We understand that the Joint Council of the V.A.D., the composition of which is published on another page, will shortly publish the regulations required to enable the new organisation to be undertaken. The V.A.D.'s have been waiting for this scheme for a long while past, and it is probably due to the uncertainty of the terms of enrolment why there is such a paucity of recruits. If the War Office wish to keep the or ganisation alive they must get on with their definite- scheme by which units could" carryon. "

It is interesting to know how the alteration in the name of the No. District (Pri nce of Wales's Corps) was changed to the Prince of Wales's District. About a year ago the No. 19 Division applied to be allowed to become the South Metropolitan Gas Company Corps, and in order to make this change possible, without the loss of the privilege of the Prince of Wales' Badge, the Chief Commissioner obtained His Majesty's sanction of the alteration, which was notified in the London Gazette on Decem ber II th last.

It is est imated that the workers of the United Kingdom lose every year in wages, as a result of accidents incurred during their employment, no less a sum than £I2,000,000. This is a financial aspect which should appeal with irresistible force to the artisans of this country.

The casualty list and death ·roll of industry, awful as they are, have grown less formidab le but the time is long overdue when legislation and regulation can only reach their full fruition by the genuine co-operation of employer and employed, both in spirit and in deed, with the methods set down for the worker's benefit. *./*

The Mayor of Loughborough (Councillor W. Moor, C.B.E.j, has been elected president of the local centre of the ASSOCIatIOn. We are informed that the St. John Ambulance Division has increased its number of members to such an extent that it has ceased to admit recruits.

February, 1923. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Supplement.

Appointments, Etc.

] l\.NUARY 1923

The Chi ef Commissioner has sanctioned the followiug appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations ;PRINCE OF WALES'S DISTRICT.

Corps Supt. Walter Duncan Liddell to be District Officer, 6. 11.22

Corp s Officer William George Pape, O.B.E., to be District Officer, 6. 11.22

No. 33 ( Bermondsey and Walworth) Division.-Supt. T. Saunders transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 1. 2.23

No. 75 ( Southend ) Division. - Ambulance Officer ] ohn

Percy May to Divisional Supt., 8.1.23

No. 80 (Stoke Newmgton) Division.-Leonard Herbert to be Ambulance Officer, 18.1.23

2 DISTRICT.

Aylesbury Corps. -C hares Edward Vince to be Ambulance Officer, 1.10 .22

Cheltenham Corps ( F.riendly Soci eties Division ).-Thomas Henry Read to be Ambulance Officer,s. 1.23

Reading (G.W. R.) Division.-Michael Frank Murphy, L.R C.B. & S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 15.1.23

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Corps (Handsworth Division ).-DivislOnal Supt. H. J. White resigned' r? 2.23

Birmingham Corps (I"mg's Heath Dlvlslon ).-Supt. C. Evans transferred to the Brigade Reserve. 6.2.23

Dudley and District Corps.-Corps Supt. C. Ollis transferred to the Brigade Reserve, I. 2 2 3 Kettering Corps ( Rushton Division).-James Alfred Schofield to be Divisional Supt., 25.1.23

Northampton Corps ( Long Buckley Nursing Division ).Alice Tebbitt to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 3.1 23

North Worcestershire Corps.-Frank Somers to be Corps Supt., 51.1. 23

No. 4 DISTRICT.

Askam Division.-Hames Menzies, M.D., to be Divisional Surgeon, I. T2.22

Barrowford Division. -Ambulance Officer A. Laycock transferred to Ulverston Divisi0n, 1.1.23

Sergt. Herbert Dixon to be Ambulance Officer, ro. T.23

Barrowford Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Miss Stow resigned, 6.2.23

Birkenhead Corps.-Sergt. Robert Angus Shipman to be Corps Officer, 27· 1. 23

Corps Surgeon J. McFarland resigned, 23.1.23

Birkdale Nursing Division.-Lady DiviSIOnal Supt. Miss Jackson resigned, 26.1. 2 3

Blackburn Division.-Ambulance Officer Gilbert Omerod to be Divisional Supt., 8.12.22

Bolton Corps (Oaubhi ll Division). - Divisional Supt. R. Haslam resigned, 6.2.23

Pte. Ed ward Taylor to be DivisioDGlI Supt., 24.1.23

Crewe Nursing Division.-Lady Supt. Mrs. Werneford transferred to Liverpool Nursmg DIVISion, 1.1. 2 3

Crewe Dlvision.-Sergt. Albert Vernon Gibson to be Transport Officer, 17.1.23

Heywood Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

Mrs. Schofield resigned, 6.2.23

Lancaster DivlsioD_-Pte. Luke Kilgour to be Divisional Supt., 27.1.23

Liverpool Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

Miss M. Maxwell resigned, 6.2.23 ..

vVigan Dlvision.-John \iVood, M.B., Ch.D., to be DIVIsional Surgeon, 29 .12.22

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Denaby Main Corps ( Bullcroft Division ). -Pte. Arthur Harold Round to be Ambulance Officer, 27.12.22

Hebden Bridge Corps (H ebden Bridge Nursing Division).

-Lady Supt. Mrs. Dowdall resigned, 6 2.23

Keighley Corps.-Corp Officer J. Cook reSIgned, 26.1. 2 3 Leeds Corps.-Corps Officer J. Kaye transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 31.10.22

Mansfield Colliery Division.-Pte. Fredenck Davis to be Divisional Supt., 20.12.22

Norman Lancelot Tweedie, M.B., Ch.B., to be DIVISional Surgeon, 20.12.22 ...

Nottingham Corps ( Robin Hood Ambulance Dlv lslon).-:William T. Crawford, M.B ., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be DIVIsional Surgeon, 15.12.22

Pte. Horace Stapleton to be Ambulance Officer, 10 1.23 New Hucknall Collieries Corps.-WilJiam McCombie, M.B., Ch.B , to be Corps Surgeon, 18.12 22 Womwell Division.-Charles Henry Elliott to be Divisional Supt., 18.1.23.

William Christopher Jardme, M.B., Ch.B ., to be DIVISional Surgeon, 11.1.23

No.6 DISTRICT.

Ashington Coal Company Corps (Bothal Division).-Ambulance Officer John Andrew resigrled, 6.2.23

Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps.- Divisional Surgeon Hubert Rutter, M.B.E., M.D., M.R.C.S., to be Corps Surgeon, 1 3. 1. 2 3

Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps (Fri end s Nursing Division ).Lady Ambulance Officer I. Bell resigned, 6.2.23 North Durham Corps ( Gateshead DivislOn).-Divisional Supt. F. Cockburn resigned, 1.2.23

NO.7 DISTRICT.

District Sergeant-Major C. vVomersley resigned, 31.12.22

No.8. D {STRICT.

Dover Division.-Divisional Supt. G. Plater resigned, 26.1. 2 3

Ambulance Officer Sidney Edward Tupper to be Divisional Supt., 19.1.23

Isle of Thaner Corps (Ramsgate Division ).-Ambulance Officer Ernest Edward \Vaters to be Divisional Supt., 9.1.23

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Cam borne Division.-Divisional Supt. T. Quintrell resigned, 26.1.2 3

- FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. - February, L';23

Falmouth Divlsion.-Divisionol Supt. M. Stewart transferred to the Bristol Corps, 31. I.23

Falmouth ursing Dlvision.-Lady Ambulance Officer

Mrs. Stewart resigned, 11.1.23

Ambulance Sister Ethel Rogers to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 17.1.23

Borough of Plymouth Corps ( Plymouth Central Nursing Division).-Lady Ambulance Officer W. PhIlpott reverted at own request to Ambulance Sister, 17.1. 23

Redruth Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Arthur resigned, 26.1.3

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Colchester Division.-Divisional Surgeon A. Fell resigned, 6,2.23

Ipswich Corps (B eechholme Nursmg DlvIslon ).-Lady Supt., A M. Dring resIgned, 3 1.1.2 3

Ipswich Corps (Orw ell Works DlVlslOn).-Ol!ver Mark Jennings to be Ambulance. Officer, 20.12.22

I pswich Corps (SOCIa l Settlement DlvI510n ).-James William Hutton to be Ambulance Officer, 23.J2.22

No. II DISTRICT.

Aldershot Division.-Pte. James Dean to be Ambulance Dfficer for Cadets, 8.1. 2 3

NEW DIVISIONS, &C,

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :-

PRINCE OF WALES'S DI STRICT.

London Post Cadets, No. 2 Divis ion.-Sanctioned, 'II.I. 2 3

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Rushton Division. - Sanctioned, 30.1.23

No. 5 DISTRICT.

Warsop Main Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 3.I.23

Hellifield Division.-Disbanded, 6.2.23

Wath-on-Dearne Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 19.1.23

No.6 DISTRICT.

Cramlington and D istrict Nursing Division.-Re-named

Cramlington and Seaton Delavel Nursing Division, 25.1.23

Prudhoe Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 16.1.23

Blackhall Colliery Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 16.1.23

Shildon Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 16.1.23

Shotton Colliery Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 16.1.23

Stockton and Thornaby Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 16.1. 2 3

East Bolden and Cleaden Nursing Division.- -Disbanded, 16.1. 2 3

Willington Nursing Division,-16.I.23

JAMES R. A. CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner. .--.

Royal

Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve (S.J.A,B.).

RESERVE INSTRUCTIONS (C.L. 37, 2.23).

To ALL RESERVISTS,

With reference to instructions C.L.20 20.3.22 and C.L.26 14.8.22, issued through the Officer in charge of Corps or Division, it is nnw notified for the benefit of reservists the conditions which have to be fulfilled to qualify them for the bonnty ; these are clearly set out below, and it is hereby notifie d that unless all the conditions are fulfilled, with the exceptions or provisions stated, bounties will not be payable for the years reservists are in default.

Article 18, page I I, Reserve Regulations is now to be rea d as follows :-

BO UNTY.

Reservists who during the preceding year have

1. Undergone training in a naval hospital or ship.

2. Attended the annual inspection of the inspecting medical officer and passed satisfactorily, Or been excused by the inspecting medical officer.

ApplicatIOn to be excused w ill not be considered unless accompanied by a certificate stating reasons for absence.

ApplIcations to be excused must be forwarded to the officer in c harge of the corps or division concerned before the date of inspection if and in any case not later than seven days after the inspection.

3. Passed a re-examination in home nursing, or if not in POSSeSSIon of the home nursing certificate obtained such certificate during the year.

Only In the case of illness, and then only on produ ction of a medIcal certificate, or in other special circumstances in which the Admiralty may deem it desirable to show an act of clemency will a reservist be excused the home nursing examination.

-J.. Conformed in all other respe cts to the regulations of the reserve.

5. Certified by the Chief Commissioner as being effi cie nt in the St. John Ambulance Brigade in accordance with the Brigade Regulations, page 21, paragraph 36.

\Vill be paid a bounty in time of peace of £4 per ann um in the case of Probationary Sick Berth Attendants, and {,S per annum in the case of confirmed Sick Berth At tend a nts, Lead ing Sick Berth Attendants, Sick Berth Petty Officers, and Sick Berth Chief Petty Officers. A smaller annual bounty of £3 shall be pay able to reservists, irrespective of their ratings, who do not undergo annual training in a naval hospital or ship, but who conform to other conditions as ment ioned above.

DECLARATION.

It is notified that all reservists on reaching the age of 40 must apply to their officer for a df:claration form to enable them to notify the Admiralty in which class they desire to volunteer on reaching that age, vide Reserve Regulations, page I, paragraph 3. The necessary declaration forms can be obtained on application to the Chief Commissioner.

TRAINING.

The following information is promulgated for observance by reservists.

1. Reservists must arrive at hospital or ship on Sa turday.

2. Those arriving before noon on the Saturday will be discharged at 4.30 p . m. on the following Friday.

,. Those arriving a fter noon on Saturday will be discharged at 9 a.m. on the following Saturday.

4. Reservists who cannot complete the full seven days training must complete on S.B.R. 5 the date and tim e a.m. or p.m. on which they wish to leave hospital or ship.

5. As the Admiralty have arranged a liberal amount of leave while on training, all reservists are expected to do the full seven days training, unless in exceptional circumstances they ca nnot do so.

6. It is absolutely essential that reservists should take with them their National Health Insurance Card and Unemployment Book, if an insured person, and also if they have had war service they should take their Service Certificate with them.

7· A reservist who at the last moment is unable to g o for trainmg as arranged must notify his officer with the least possible delay to enable his name to be crossed off the travelling warrant, and the hospital or s hip notified of his nonattendance.

8 Reservists under 40, and those over 40 who, volunteer for g enel a l service, should apply for the hospital course, and the man-of-war course alternately.

ANNUAL DECLARATION (F orm S.B.R.2.)

All reservists are required to sign Form S.B.R.2 ( Declaration) annually, and unless this is done they w ill be liable to be asked for theIr resignation from the reserve.

Forms S.B.R.2 are forwarded to officers in charge of corps and the third week !n December of each year, and I IS the busmess of each reservIst to see that he receives his form, to complete and return it to his nfficer by the

February, 1923. - FIRST AID &: THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

1st January following. The medi c al certificate need not be completed when S.B .R. 2 is being used as an annual declaration, but special attention is dra wn to paragraph 5 of the declaration.

GEN E RAL.

Every reservist is expected to assist his offi c er by replying promptly to enquiries concerning himself or his service In the reserve, or if he does not understand any part of the Reserve Regulations or instructions which may be issued from time to time to a cq uaint his officer of the fact to enable him to receive enlightenment on any point which he dec;ires, or failing his officer being able to give the necessary information to enable the matter to be submitted to the Chief Commissioner for a rulmg. I should be understood that reservIsts by giving prompt attention to all Reserve matters are assistmg themselves and furthering their own interests.

J A;\IES R. A. CLAR K (Col onel ), Chief Commissioner. rA c opy of the above instructions have been forwarded to officers In charge of Corps and Divisions for distribution to Reservists. ]

Service Medal and Bars. Service Medal

THE following applications for the Servic e Medal and Service Medal :Bar have been approved by the Chief Commiss io ner.

No. 1 DISTRICT.

Crust, Sergt. F. G. Surman, Sergt. G. NO.2 DISTRICT.

SERVICfi: MEDALS.

No. 44 (Acton) Division No. 44 (Acton) Division

Slatter, Ambulance Sister A. Cheltenham Nursing Division 1922

o. 3 DISTRICT.

Bradley, Sergt. G. H. Y.M.C.A. Division: Leicester Corps 1920

Earl, Pte. F. Y.M C.A Divis io n: Leicester Corps 19:!0

Moore, CpI. W. Y.M.CA. Division: Leicester Corps 1990

Reeve, Pte. T. W. Y.M.C.A. Division: Leicester Corps 1922

NO.4 DIST R ICT.

Bradshaw, CpI. R. Hulme Division 1922

Clarke, Sergt. J. Bury Division 192 2 Cottam, Ambulance Sister B. Lytham Nursing Division 1920

Heald, Ambulance Sister r. E. Blackburn Nursing Division 1921

How:nth, Ambulance Sister S.E. Bacup Nursing DiviSIOn 1921

Lunt, Pte. W. T Hulme Division 1922

Maitland, S ergt. A Hulme Division 1922

Morris, Ambulance Sister M. Blackburn Nursing Division 1921

Phillips, Sergt. W. E. BootIe Division 1921

Scragg, Sergt. F. Horwich Division, Bolton Corps 1921

Slater, Ambulance Sister M. A. Blackburn Nursing Division 1921

Whitehead, Corpi. H. Preston Corps 1919

Wilding, Pte. F. Preston Corps 1921

Wilkinson, Sergt. J. W. Bllry Division 1922

Wolstencroft, Lady Ambulance Officer E. Black-

Cureton, Commander E. District Staff 1920 THI RD NO.4 DI STRICT Howorth, Corps Officer J. Preston Corps

X=Ray Work.

LECTURE AT WALLSE D-ON-TYNE.

ON Wednesday, January 24th, in the Town Hall, at Wallsend, a most interesting and instructive lecture on X-Ray Work, with special reference to its use in the diagnosis and treatment of medical and surgical cases, was given by Dr. Dowzer, of South Shields. The difficult and complicated subject was ably expounded, the lecture being simple without sacrificing thoroughness and cle ar without lacking comprehensiveness.

The doctor treated his subj e ct under main heads. Fir;)t, he gave a brief history of X-Ray work, pointing out that the pioneer of tl)e later discoveries was Sir William Crooke, who, in 1891, while passing electnc curr e nts through a vacuum tube, noticed a dim sort of light at the Cathode end of the tub e; this was the X-Ray in a very diffuse state. It was only gradually that it was realised that there was something pr e sent, in addition to the light, which could pass through substances which were impervious to light and which would affect a photographic plate; this extra property differ e ntiat e s the X-Ray from other light.

As a result of much experiment a tube was produced, in London, in 1896, by Jackson, which was the model upon which nearly all later X-Ray tubes have been based, though

- FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. - February, 19 2 3

time has added some improvements. In this tube the rays were focussed to a point instead of being diffused as before. The first occasion on which the X-Ray was used with any success was in 1898 at Omdurman, when the rower was supplied by a tandem bicycle!

After mentioning the dangers attached to working with the X·Ray, dangers whi ch brought tragedy on ea rly investigations, but which can be guarded against to a great d eg ree nowadays. Dr. Dowzer gave a lucid explanation of the apparatus us ed in X ·Ray work and showed an X- Ray bulb to the audience.

The third, and perhaps most inter :;sting, part of the lecture d ealt with the application of this discovery to medical and surgical work. It is useful in two ways: first for observation and diagnosis, and secondly for actual treatment of specific diseases. This was made more interesting still by the handing round of films and plates made during the treatment of cases.

It was a splendid and was much appreciated by tht S J. A. B. mem bers present. The lecture was organised by the Wallsend Ambulance Brigade (Supt. Aitken), and among other divisions represented were those from North Shields, Willington Quay, Whitby Bay , and Percy Main. Refreshments wert served by the Wallspnd Nursing Division. There were about 70 present.

It is felt that lectures such as these, while being valuable in themselves, are a good means of raising and stimulating interest in the noble work of the S.J.A.B., a work which has been striving, with good results, to help suffering mankind since the chivalrous days of the Crusades when the Order was founded in Jerusalem, later to spread all over Europe, and do good through the efforts of many devoted men and wo men all through the succeeding centuries.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

FUTURE ORGANISATION.

IT has been decided to reconstitute the Central Joint Voluntary Aid Detachment Committee, which was formed during the war to administer the Vol untary Aid Detachments, and was composed of repre.sentatives of the War Office, the Territorial Force Asssociations, the Ord er of St. John of Jerusalem, and the British Red Cross Society.

In the light of experience gained during the war, and with a view to the most economical use of personnel, it is now propos e d to call upon the Voluntary Aid D(:tachments to supplement not only the Territorial Army, as before the war, but also the Royal Navy, the Regular Army, and the Royal Air Force: and the intention is that mem bers of the detachments should be enrolled for duty with a ny of the Services as may be reqUIred.

The Central Joint Voluntary Aid Detachment Council, as it is to be called, will inclucle representatives of the Admiralty and the Air Ministry, and its composition will be as follows :-

The War Office is the Department to which the Joint Council will be responsible.

The Council will prepar.= and submit a scheme to enable it to carry out its duties, and effect will be given to this scheme as soon as it has been approv e d. Within the limits of the approved scheme, the Council will have full administrative and executive powers.

MEMBERS OF COUNCIL.

Th e Central Joint Voluntary Aid Detachmtnt Council will be composed as follows :-

Admiralty War Office -Surgeon Commander G. O. Dickenson, The Director·General, Army Medical Services (or his Deputy), Colonel R. F. Riley (Deputy Director of the Territorial Army), Miss A. Beardsmore Smith (Matro nin-Chief, Queen Alexandra's Imperial Milltary Nursing Service).

Air J11i:nistry,-Air Commodore D Munro (E) (Director of Medical Services, Royal Air Force), :MlSS J. M. Cruickshank (Matron-in-Chief, Royal Air Force).

Territorial Army Associations.-Major-General the Earl o r Scarborough, Major General the Lord Treowen (represen ting Wales), Sir Hugh Shaw-Stewart (r"'presenting Scotland), Colonel F. W. Higgs (representing tht: London Territorial Army Associations), Colonel W. Coates (provisionally appointed to represent Lancashire), Major J. M. Reddie.

British Red Cross.-Lady Ampthill, Major R. L. Bower, Professor T. H. Bryce (representing Scotland), Brigadier-General H C. Frith, Sir Edward Stewart.

Order of St. fohn.-Brigadier-General the Earl of Shaftesbury, Colonel Sir James R . A Clark, Sir Herbert Lewis, Lady Oliver, Lady Perrott.

Secretary.-Mr. A. R. McBain (War Office).

We regret to announce th e death on January 26th of V.A.D. member Miss Doris Cross, Anglesey 6, as the result of a hunting accident. Th is lady rendered valuable in hospitals at home from 1917 to 1919.

Hanmer's Cinema Ambulance Lectures.

MR. C. HANMER, the official lecturer to the S. J. A. A., will be in London during March to give his interesting programmes to various Divisions of the Prince of Wales' District. The cost of the demonstrations are very moderate, and they are generally the means of raising funds. Mr. Hanmer has still a few available dates, and if any Division is interested the Secretary should immediately write to Mr. C. Hanmer, 205, Doncaster-road, Goldthorpe, near Rotherham.

February, 192.1.

fetters to the &ditot'.

We aye in no way 1'est(Jnsib!e /01' tke opinions exp1'essed, 01' the statements made, b, Conespondents.-EDITOR.

IMPROVEMENT OF AMBULANCE CONTESTS.

DEAR SIR, - -Re your invitation to criticise the methods, etc., of competitions may I make one suggestion that might be for the easier working of competition teams? The" Perrott" Shield Rules are being adopted largely by districts for their preliminary competitions, the 1st condition of which is :-that the 'team should consist of "Lady Divisional Supt. or Lady Ambulance Officer and 3 Ambulance Sisters." N ow where a Lady Supt. is a trained nurse she cannot compete from obvious reasons. Then if the Division is too small to carry 2 ambulance officers, and the only one existing cannot leave her home or is in any wa y incapacitated this throws out the whole team. Why couldn't the "team" consist of 4- A mbztlance Sisters failing an officer? I n our Division, for instance, there are a number of members,9 or 10, whose training, terms of service, etc ., are j identical with that of our ambulance officer and each I have no doubt are as capable of leading a team. The ambulance officer does not intend to do competition work, and yet, as being most senior member feels she has a right to the offi ce. I f picking the team was left to the Supts. it would be easier than when having to conform to such hard and fast conditions, and, believe it's not a very easy matter to keep the peace between a number of persons who all think they a re as capable, etc., etc., as anyone else!

Yours, etc., " CORNWALL."

COMPETITION FOR THE "LADY PERROTT" SHIELD.

DEAR SIR, May express my appreciation of the letter address to you by " Critic" in the January issue of FIRST AID, in reference t::> the conditions laid down for competition for the Perrott Shield.

I assume that the requirement that an officer should be in charge of a squad was introduced with the spec ial intention of stimulating work among the officers. There can be no question as to the necestityof officers doing their utmost to maintain their efficiency in practical work. But as your correspondent points out, they have many other important duties-i.e., the keeping of record" teaching, training, maintaining discipline, getting in touch with and encourasing their members. The best work is accomplished where the capacity and limitations of every member is thoroughly understood by the officer in charge.

The superintendent may have every qualification for his or her post. and yet not shine in a public contest. Failure cannot have a happy effect on the members, and may mean loss of prestige.

In this connection, though I know some superintendents will differ from me, I cannot help feeling that their first duty is to superintend, and not necessarily participate in, every function.

Alb.-

petitions" in your issue of December last, we went through this trouble with fhe Ceylon Police.

In the first few years we made our competitions a public show. Then as the number of teams increased and the competitions took longer to judge, the public became bored and the judges tried to hurry through their judging. In the results nobody was pleased!

We now have the competition and judging on a separate day and make them entirely private affairs, the judges, competitors and officials only being present.

Yours truly,

H. L. DOWBIGGIN, Inspector General of Police.

Following this, we hold on another day and in a public place, a display, to which all are welcome, and we end up with presentation of trophies, badges, &c. In short, we have a brief bright show with the result that everybody is pleased. Ceylon, 15- 1-23.

Red Cross Detachments.

The total number of detachments registered by the Red Cross Society with the War Office at 31st January, 1923, was 2,530, the personnel of which is 68,523, of whom 55,951 are women. The Soci ety has granted 24°,467 certificates, of which 128,716 are for First Aid, 102,068 for Nursing, 9,126 for Hygiene and Sanitation, and 532 for Cookery. In addition 86 Me:it Certificates and 182,074 proficiency and other badges have been issued. In connection with the recognition of War Service, the num ber of exemption Certificates granted. is 25,800, and to members of detachments and ot hers not in possession of an examination certificate of the Society in any of the subjects in which it conducts examinations, 3,858 first year, 2,262 second year, 791 third year, and 248 fourth year certificates have been gran ted, 20,8g8 mern bers and 30,107 associates have been elected by reason of their having belonged to a detachment for five or two years respectively. l unio r Section: CertificatES issued 82, badges 5°2.

Major-General Sir James Marshail Stewart, K.C. M.G., proceeded at the end of last month to Athens to act as Chief Commissioner of the British Red Cross Society in the Near East, and will also act as the British representative on the Central Co-ordination Refugee Relief Committee at Athens, which has been specially established to deal with the refugee problem.

Admiralty

War Office I Representative. 3 R e presentatives.

Air Mmistry 2

Territorial County Associations 6

Order of St. John 5

British Red Cross Society 5

The War Office W1l1 provide the Council will elect its own Chairman, who sarily be one of the above mem bers.

" Secretary. The need not r e ces-

The Hon. Sir Arthur Stanley, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the British Red Cross Society, has received from th e Charge d'Affaires of the Greek Legation a letter expressing the heartfelt thanks of the Greek Government for th e Society's work of th e relitf of refugees in Greece.

How are the junior officers to learn by experience if they seldom or never are allowed to be in charge, or to prove their metal in a position of responsibility? 0 less, it seems to me, is it important that an ambulance sister should be able to come to the front in emergency, either in competition or actual duty. - Yours faithfully, " HOSPITALIERE."

THE IMPROVEMENT OF COMPETITIONS.

DEAR SIR,-With reference to the letter of your correspondent "Competitor " about the "Improvement of Com-

DERBY.-We regret to announce the death of Ambulance Officer Walter Ware. He was one of the original members of the order in Derby and served in the South African War. Mr. Ware had the misfortune to lose his arm in a machinery accident. He showed extraordinary presence of mind and his own knowledge of ambulance work enabled him to direct his fellow-employees how to act in the emergency. He explained to them how to render first aid, and they carried out his orders in treating him.

An arch of stretchers at the church porch was formed St. John Ambulance men at the marriage of Mr. F. Abery and Mrs. C. B. Size at Turnham Green.

-FIRST Sloints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special reference to ,I{ood and bad taints in 7reatment-for inclusion in this Column.

OLD- Tn.IE ARTI FICI AL R ES PIRATION.

The follow ing notes on Art ifi c ial Respiration, as conducted one hundred years ago, may prove amusmg, if not interesting, to readers of your Journal. I came across them in a ropy of an old Magazine -Tile ll f irro r of L t'teratu re , Amusem ent and bz stru ctt' on - dated December 6th, I8z") , and present them in their original form.

"Method of restor ing Life to the apparently Drowned.Avoid all rough usage. Do not hold up the body by the feet, o r roll it on casks, or rub it with salt, or spirits, or apply tobacco. Lose not a moment. Carry the body, the head and shoulders raised, to the nearest house. Place it in a warm room. Let it be instantly stripped, dried, and wrapped in hot blankets, which are to be renewed when neces:>ary. Keep the mouth, nostrils, and the throat, free and clean. Apply warm substances to the ba ck, s p ine, pit of the stomach, arm-pits, and soles of the feet. Rub the body with heated flannel, or warm hands. Attempt to restore breathmg, by gently blowing with bellows into one nostril, closing the mouth and the other nostril. Keep up the application of heat. Press down the breast carefully with both hands, and then allow it to rise again, and thus imitate natural breathing. Continue the rubbing, and increase it when life appears, and then give a tea-spoonful of warm water, or of very weak wine, or spirits and water warm Persevere for six hours. Send quickly for medical ass istan c e. "-I. O. M., Swansea.

FI RS:- A ID WI TH O PS ERV AT ION.

A poli c e offi cer on a night beat casually flashed his lamp into the window of a hOI]se, and to his ama zement saw a man lying on the floor of the kitchen with his head in a gas-oven.

Acting wi t h promptness, the constable burst open the door, removed the man to the garden, commenced artificial respirat ion by Schaefer ' s method, and within ten minutes brought his patient back to life.-AA, Cambridge.

j\mbulance News euttings.

T he E ditor invites ?caders o send 711WSpape?' (utt i ugs on lII attel S of i llterest (01' this (O/lImn,

INV \LID IM:\IER SE D IN FLOOD.

When a woman patient from Dolgelly was being rushed by motor to Aberystwyth Infirmary far an urgent operation, at 2 a m. yeste!day, the car ran into. flood water, whi c h practically submerged It. The patIent was Immersed up to the waist.

The driver made unsu ccessful efforts to dislodge the car a nd two hours later railway workers, hearing the contmual sounding of a motor horn obtained assistan ce. Eventually horses dragged the car to safety.-Sunday P ict oria l.

MA X T R,\)lSF IXE D B Y ST EEL ROD.

A man who s e body was transfixed by a steel r o d ha3 been su cc essfully operated on in the \Vestern Infirmary, Glasgow.

The man, R obert F enton, was working at a steam hammer \V,hen a steel rod shot oul the and passed through hIS abdomen. He was admItted to the Infi rmary with the ends of the rod protrudin g four inches from the back and front of his body. When with great d iffi c ulty the surgeons had I emoved the rod it was found that by great g ood fortune no vital organ ha:1 been p ;er ced. Ap art fro m wounds to skin and muscle Fenton is uninjured in any way.

A I D. - February, 1923

A similar but even more remarkable at:cident happened in London in March, 192I, when a steel rod feet long, pierced the body of a lift engineer, from shoulder- to knee. It was withdrawn and he was able to leave the hospital in five weeks.

- Daily Alail

First Aid.

SELF control is the lesson to learn.

When accident, illness, fracture or burn

To help the distressed their confidence secure, And when hcemorrhage is present, arrest quick and "Be Sure.

Attend to a fracture where the patient is laid, Before tl eatment to remove no attempt must be made. And when poison is taken you must reali ze It must be got rid of or neutralize.

I n burns and scalds use dressings and excluded air

When the patient is insensible of giving drinks Beware J I n covering wounds you must learn to try

To use clean dressings, soft, absorbent and dry.

See that the patient has air, warmth and rest.

To secure a doctor you must do your best

You must raise head and shoulders when the face is red But when it is pale you lower shoulders and head.

Death may seem present but do not despair

Use artificial respIration with coura g e that's rare

Also ask bystanders to render their aid

To secure transport and for shelter to be made.

To see to warm drinks and extra wraps

Also bandages and splints may be handy perhaps Use tact and observe be quick to decide Use sympathy, but persevere all doubts put aside.

Help one another i; the lesson to learn

For one never knows when it may come their turn.

E. PICKF ORD.

State Registration of Nurses.

WITH rderence to the compilation of the State R egister under the Nurs:s Act, 1919, there seems to be a growing opinion both among nurses and the pu blic, that the rules for admitting "existing nurses" to this register are too stringent to be in strict accordance with the spirit of the Act. The Act requires for the protection o f the .1 bona fide" practising nurses that they must produce evidence to the council that they are of good character, are of the prescribed age, are persons who were at least thre:! years before November 1st, 1919, b?na fide engaged in practice as nurses in attendance on the sick under conditions which app ear to the council to be satisfactory and have adEquate knowledge and of the nursing of the sick

To do j us1 ice to a very large body of women who have be e n in practice for a considl;;rable number of ytars, it is felt that each applicant for admission to the register should be considered on her individual mrr:ts, rather than by the la) i 19 down a rigid rule with referenc e to a minimum train ing to which she must conform.

It must be remembered that in ;:924 a State Examination must be passed in order to be admitl e 1 to the register, and since the "period of grace" for admitting "existing nurses" is comparatively a short one, this is all the more reason for a generous admission of those women who may have had C'Jmparatively little systematic training, but who have) nevertheless, rendered splendid service to the sick of this country.

February, 19 2 3.

-FIRST and J\nswet's to eot't'espondents.

-2ueries will be dealt with under the following ru l es :-

I.-Letters containin[, Queries must be marked on the top left hana corner of the envelope "Query," and addressed-FIRST AID, 46 Cannon-street, London, E. C 4.

:2. -A II Queries 11lust be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut trot! the current issue of the Journal, or in case of Queries from abroa( fro11l a recent issue.

? _ The Textbook, to whick refer ence may be made in thise columnJ is the 36th (I920) Edition of S.J.A.A. Manual o( First-Aid.

TH E TRAININ G OF CO :\ PETIT ION TEAM S

F. R. ( Kent ).-I have been asked to train a team for a wellknown and popular compet ition. Neither the members of the team which I have chosen nor I have had any previous exper ience of competition work ; and indeed none of us have ever witnessed a competitIon ! Under these circumstances I make bold to ask your advice, which I know you will readily give. Are any of the question and answer books likely to be of use, or can you suggest any books w hich will ass ist anyone in the position in which I find myself ? I would indeed be most grateful for your help.

The only book I know which will really assist you in your training is my E ffici en cy in F irst A id, wh ich was spe c ially written for competit on requirements, and de a ls with study, diagnosis, treatment, exam ination and compet ition. Most of the" question and answer " books, howe v er useful they may be for increasing general knowledge, are useless for your immediate purpose, since they deal with points which may (or may not ) arise in your competition. By the way, I take it that this will be conducted on the Textbook.

The first step in training, therefore, is for each member of the team to acquire a most intimate knowledge of the Textbook-its facts and instructions. To this end I advise you t o w rite out your own analysis of the book and to co llect togeth er all facts and instructions dealing with the same points, since these are in many instances scattered here and there in the manual. Further, the modern competition-much criticised as it is -seeks at any rate to test the competitors' knowledge of FIrst Aid and of the Textbook as a wlt ole. As a fact, I have analysed the book for myself, and am surprised at the way in which one can justIfy a ll the details of a properly :ietailed marking sheet. You will thus have an Official Analysis which will serve as your "question and answer" book; and you should work throu g h this-individually and collectively-at each and every opportunity until you-one and all-can set out the facts and instruct ions of the Textbook in your own words and ways.

Next, you should hunt up all available detailed marking sheets of tests set for this compdition in previous years and work through these carefully with the members of your team, since it is curious how the big competItions are run year after year on the same model, be this good or bad! Study the style of your competition, therefore, and at the same time test your knowledge by working through the details of the various tests.

Next, let each member of your team periodic:ally prepare a complete set of tests on the model observed and work through these together as in competition - postponing all criticisnJs until the work is completed, after which a general discussion is often of very great service.

By such means and by pra c tical experience gained in similar contests you may hope to acquire the knowledge necessary to secure a good position in the forthcoming competition. Here's good fortune I-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

AI D.-

TREATMENT OF B UR NS.

A. B. ( Marylebone ).-Recently I had occasion to treat a man who, by reason of the bursting of an oxygen-acetylene lamp, was sufferi n g from severe burns of both handsback and front. Acting stri c tly in accordance with Textbook instructions, I dressed the burns with boric ointment, covered them up w th cotton wool (to exclude air ), applied a tr iangular banda g e, and supported both upper limbs in a large a rm sling. I then arran g ed for removal of patient to hospital.

To my utter s urprise, the house surgeon criticised my treatment unfavourably and told me that I ought to have dressed the burns with Carron O il. Incidentally the latter preparation is no longer provided in our equipment. Ought it to be repla c ed ? Please give us your oplOion and tell us what should be done.

Cheer up! Your treatment was absolutely correct and true to Texbook instru c tions. Perhaps the house surgeon will one day realise the d ifficulties of sterilising and keep ing oil emuls ons surgically pure, especially in view of the fact that months may el a pse before they are taken out of stock for use -whereby the ri sks of added sepsis are enormously increased. Under these cir c umstances, oils and oily dress ings are no longer recomrr. e nded in tbe Textbook, whicb, to me rightly, adVIses against anything which might predispose to septic infection of burns and wounds. Further, the instructions, as they now stand, are liaid to have been based on a wide personal experience with such injuries gained in the North of England. So we will n ot advo c ate the repla c ement of Carron Oil in your equipment.-N.C.F.

TR EA Tl IE NT OF Co:\I PO UND FRACTl.r RE S M. E. ( Preston ) sets out an imaginary case in which, with a patient suffering from compound fractures (fragments protruding ) of both bones of right forearm, a First-Aider and his assistants, during the necessary manipulations are supposed" unknow ingly " to apply extension and to set the fra c. tured limb. She expresses the hope that the case will settle the" much-vexed question " as to whether or no extension is justified in "exceptiunal cases " of compound fracture.

I learn with surprise that the Question as to whether or no extension by First Aiders of compound fractures (especially when the fragments protrude ) is "much-vexed. " Indeed I thought that all authorities agreed in advising aj!ainst such attempts. At any rate, you will find some cogent rea s ons aga inst such action tabulated in ComJllon En 'o rs of First Aid. For the, an imaginary test-piece, based on an exceptIOnal senes of CIrcumstances, does not affe c t the ma in principle especially as First Aider does not should not ) pretend to treat but seeks only to prevent aggravatIOn of injury or condition Under these circumstances, I direct your attention to my answer on thie; same point given in the issue of November 19z2.-N.C F.

BLEED IN G FROM P AL :'-I OF HAN D

P. L. ( Irish Free State ) - In our Brigade re-examination this year, I was asked how I would stop severe bleeding from the palm of hand. I gave the method set out in Textbook ( p. 96 ) adding that, if this failed, 1 would split a wine-cork and bandage each half firmly over radial and ulnar arteries at wrist. I promptly to!d. that I was wrong ! I then suggested fleXIOn at elbow-JolOt, only to be again reprimanded for incorrect treatment. Though I have always not to cut off the circulation further up the 11mb than IS absolutely I at last, in desperation, suggested pressure on brachIal artery. The examiner then told me that this should have been applied first!

Please give me your opinion, as in a previous examination I obtained full marks for the first of the above methods of treatment.

Yom statement does not make it clear as to whether your examiner suggested pressure on brachial as a

temporary or as a permanent measure In treatment. If the former, then he was strictly correct; if the latter, then he was wrong in that his views did not coincide with the Textbook.

Many students fail to realise that the General Rules for Treat ment of Arterial Bleeding distinctly emphasise the need for" temporary indirect pressure "-that is, "while wound is being examined and protected" ( Rule ), p. 81), and include instructions for release of this pressure later (Rule J2, p. 85 )

On the other hand, I confess that, though this is good theory, yet, when dealing with Bleeding from Palm of Hand, most examiners in practice do not insist upon indirect pressure. because the direct pressure of the clenched hand on the pad is usually most effective and with First·Aiders more reliable.N.C.F.

TREA T l\1ENT OF LV S OL POIS O NIN G

W. S. (Hither Green).-I shall be mu c h obliged if you will tell us the composition of Lyso!. What antidote would you suggest in a case of Poisoning-by· mouth ? Would the treatment for Carbolic Acid Poisoning prove suitable?

Lysol is a coal-tar derivative consisting of tar oils dissolved in neutral soap. It is a powerful antiseptic, and, as usually used, is not highly poisonous. I t is soluble in spirit; and burns, which would result from application of pure Lysol, may be prevented by washing part without delay with methylated spirit. Burns due to Lysol may be accompanied by rapid and fatal collapse, as in the case reported in "Practical Points" column of December last.

Cases of Lysol Poisoning are usually treated as for Carbolic Acid Poisoning, especially as the latter-though a potent nerve poison which quickly produces sympt o ms of profound collapse -i£ not "strongly acid. " Of course, the reputed spec:ific action of the sulphates in Epsom Salts as antidote for Carbolic Acid would not apply with Lysol; and, though I can suggest no special antidote for the latter poison, yet possibly the internal administration of pure glycerine might be of service for this purpose, espe c ially as a mixture of these substances seems to lack" the bite " of undiluted Lysol when applied to the ski n. The main efforts in treatment, however, are directed against the associated collapse.-N.C.F.

A HOME-MADE LI GATU RI1;.

F. B. ( Barnsley ) - Herewith I enclose a simple, cheap and effective ligature, which has done good service on several occasions. It is home-made and consists of stout rubbertubing with a figure-of-eight-brass ending. It is made in two sizes-the larget for thigh, the smaller for upper limb or leg.

When applying it, the First-Aider should hold the brass end in his left hand, encircle the limb with tubing well stretched, and finally lock it in position by slipping tubing first into lower slot of brass ending and then into upper. If it meets your approval, please describe it for the benefit of some unfortunate person who meets with a bad accident.

I agree you have devised a simple, cheap, and effective ligature: but fortunately (or unfortunately-as the case may be )-the indications for usin g it are extremely limited, in view of the instructions of the Textbook (p . 8 3) which read-" the use of elastic bandages, except when part of limb is cut or torn off, must be rigorously avoided. "

For amputation cases, however, your ligature should prove most serviceable; and I have no doubt that readers of this column will appreciate the kindliness of your offer, while they admire the ingenuity of mind which suggested the appliance.-N.C.F.

TRE ATME N T OF NO SE · B LEEDING

G. W (Leicester).-A friend, who is a school· mistress, has been seriously ill with Nose Bleeding. She told me that her doctor treated her, as she herself had treated "dozens of cases," by putting her flat down and applying a wet cloth over the bridge of the nose; and she was much

At D- February, 1923.

amused when I explained to her we handled these cases.

Later, she related oue methods of treatment (Textbook, p. 104 ) to her doctor, who in his turn was highly amused and was most emphatic that patients with Nose Bleeding should be placed In recumbent position and not in sitting position with arms raised, etc. I await your reply with much interest.

Nose Bleeding is peculiar in that, while it usually reacts to (and possibly in spite of) any kind of treatment, yet on r a re occasions it may tax the efforts of skilful and experienced surgeons.

Under these circumstan c es, I take it that your friend and her doctor have been fortunate in the type of case which called for their treatment. For myself, I have seen cases in which patients with Nose Bleeding, seeking of their own a r ecumbent position have within two minutes been forced to set up-spitting and spluttering-by reas on of partial asphyxia consequent on the rapid and copious flow of blood in to the pharynx

So, your duty as a First -Aider being" to prevent aggravation of condition, " I suggest that at the outset you tre a t your cases as for "the more serious condition," and follow the Textbook instructions in all cases-mild and severe-of N oseBleeding.-N.C.F.

TR EATME N T OF FRACTURED BASE.

C. n. ( Hull).-In a recent C')mpetition marks were lost for not applying ice or co ld-water applications to the head and an Iodine dressing to the ear in a case of fracture of base of skull. Please tell us what effects would cold water appli· cations and Iodine have with such an injury.

Presuming again that the competition was conduct ed on Textbook, then I consider that marks were rightly deducted if you omitted cold applications, provided tlzat you were allow ed opportunity to eliCIt a hint - for example, flushing of patient's face-that increased pressure ",,,'as takin g place within the s kull as the sequel to escape of blood within skull c onse quent on the fracture of base of skull.

Without this hint you would be at a loss to know wh ether to tr e at (Textbook, p. 5r ) as for Concuss io n or Compression. With the latter, cold applications - " continuously applied "_. tend to constrict the superficial bloodves s els and by refle x action (that is, as the dire ct outcome of this effect) the deep vessels within the brain also, so that the hole in the torn vessel tends to become smaller and to limit further escape of blood

With regard to the I o dine" dressing" (what ever this may mean ) I cannot from your statement of fa cts appreciate its ind ication, because all the Textbook ( p. 107) tells me is that "with blood issuing from ear channel" no attempt should be made to "plug ear " and that "blood must be wiped away as it issues." Are you sure that there was no associated wound in the region of the ear ?- N.C.F.

SCJIAEI"ER'S ARTI FIC AL RESPIR"\TlON.

C.C. (Leeds) :-In the ambulan c e column of a certain widelyread Railway Journal there has re cently appeared a description of Schafer's Method of Artificial Respiration.

In it I note that the writer ( 1) advocates a folded coat being placed under the lower part of chest, (2) instru ct s his readers to place their hands on the:lower ribs, (3) advises cessation of artificial respiration as soon as patient begins to make efforts at breathing, and (4) advises administration of hot coffee, which to me would have the opposite effect to encouraging sleep.

As these instructions, in my opinion, ar e incorrect; misleading to readers of the article, and certainly opposed to those in our Textbook, I welcome your decisions on the points detailed above.

The instructions quoted are i n certain respects unusual and contrary to Schaefer s original instructions which, to the best of my knowledge, still hold good in their entirety .

Febru a ry, 1923. -FIRST

(

1) The folded coat "under the part of is certainly an error, as it would prove a hmdrance to the effiCIent performance of the necessary .and mi.ght. indeed expose patient to the dangers of t? I1ver (whIch m these cases is always swollen) a nd to nbs, nsks from whIch the orthodox application of Schafer's is free.

(2) I n the correct performance of Schafer's Method, pressure is directed tlwough .th e jJalms of the hands, which are placed In the loms-that IS, m the small space between ribs and pelvis-where the maximum effects can most easily be produced on the con.tents. and sequentlyon the diaphragm. WIth the hands In thIS posItIon pressure is transmitted throu/{lz tlte bases of. the bones directly down the lines of the whl ch are throughout kept perfectly straight and as ngld as pOSSIble (to ensure the maximum pressure ) -though, of course, the fingers will naturally tend to clasp and press on the lower ribs.

(3) The advice to stop treatment "as .soon as makes efforts at breathing" may not be a mIstake; but n. IS certainly not as safe or as good as of Textbook whIch instructs you-"when natural breathmg begms, regulate the artific ia l re s pirat ion to correspo nd wz'th it." This instruction is based on the well -known fact that one act of natural breathing is worth more than several artificial movements; and it is surely the duty of a First-Aider to be "resourceful " and to "assist Nature's efforts" (Textbook, p. 24).

(4) Lastly, the ins truc ti on to give hot coffee when patIent is able to swa llow is not a m is take. Indeed, the Textbook (p 141) agrees that this is a wise step i!1 treatment, since stimulating effect of beat and coffee WIll have the benefiCIal effect of speeding up the which is alwap feeble at first after cessation of b r eathmg, an advantage whIch far outweighs the suggested disadvantage of the tendency of coffee to keep patient awake.-N.C.F.

E. S. (Croydo n ).- A copy of the Rules and Regulations of the Brigade is supplied to every Division, and it should be available for the inspection of every member.

As a First-Aid " IODEX" IS Dressing excellent.

It is a non'lrrItating, non-staining, painless, Iodine preparation. Avail yourself of the remarkable properties of 10 DEX in the first-aid treatment of many simple conditions which do not ordinarily require medical attention.

Cuts, tears, scratches, abrasions, bruises, sprains, stiff and swollen joints, burns, scalds, chapped hands, chilblains, yield readily to treatm :' nt with Iodine when applied in the form of

"IODEX "

NO STAIN------NO PAIN

Obtainable in 2/ pots, at most Chemists or direct from MENLEY.& JAMES, Ltd., 39, Farringdon Rd., London, E.C.1.

Restores • In and preserves fatigue health

Members of the St John Ambulance Brigade and all those who engage in First Aid work realise that there is nothing to equal a cup of delicious II Ovaltine " for restoring and preventing fatigue It is invaluable when long hours have to be worked under unfavourable weather conditions. Containing the recuperative and restorative elements of ripe barley malt, creamy milk, fresh eggs and cocoa , one cup of " Ovaltine" supplies more nourishment than 12 cups of beef extract, 3 eggs or 7 cups of cocoa.

Taken regularly Ovaltine " gives and maintains health and strength. It should be the daily beverage for everyone in place of tea , coffee and other beverages which are merely stimulants.

lT1NJ1E B..f,YERAGE

Builds-u.p Brain, nerve and ."old by Ch emis s an d Sto r es at I/6, 2/6 a1ld 4/6. It is eco n olllic al to purchase the larger si::ed tins.

A. WANDER, Ltd. , 45, Cowcross St., London, E.C.l.

Telegrams: "BANGAGRS, BrRMDIGHAM. Telephone: EAST 204. (P.B. Exchange)

AMBULANCE AND FIRST AID" APPLIANCES.

HOME OFFICE REQUIREMENTS.

SOUTHALL BROS. & BARCLAY (Limited), Manufacturers of Surgical Dressings, &c., Oharford Mi/ls, BIRMINGHAM.

Drinking Fountains a Speciality.

Chiropody

AN ADJUNCT TO FIRST AID.

An Uncrowded, Remunera 'iv e and Interesting Profession.

Demand for Trained Chiropodi5ts greater than the supply.

Small Initial Outlay alone necessary.

COMPLETE COURSES

Practical and Theoretical Chiropody.

Individual Attention. Thoroughly Practical.

Pupils Treat Cases. Clinical Work.

Over 75 % of the Instruction at the I nstit ute Practical Treatment of cases.

EVENING CLASSES.

Examinations conducted. Certificates awarded.

THE GROSVENOR INSTITUTE OF CHIROPODY, 35, Old Bond Street, London, W.i. 'Phone-Gel'pal'd 6155.

Particulars and Prospectus from the Secretary (Dept. F.A.). Interviews by appointment.

THE OOLLEGE OF AMBULANCE.

Presidmt: II.R.II. THE PRINCESS CHRISTIAN. OLASSES and LEOTURES.

Physiology. Tropical Ailments First Aid. Home Dispensing. Hygiene Home Nursing. Cookery Course. Applied Anatomy Child WeHare. Free Lectures for Scouts and Girl Guides on First Aid, Natural History, Health, etc. MOBILE X-RAY AMBULANCE SERVICE.

The College ofters every facility for instruction in Ambulance Work in its widest interpretation. The fees are moderate and Members and Fellows have the use of Anatomical and Pathological Museums, Bandaging Rooms, Ward, Library and Writing Room, Luncheon and Tea Hooms. Annual Su bsc np tions : Members £1 IS., Fellows £2 2S. Write fo r Prospectus to the MANAGING SECRETARY, 56, Queen Anne Street, VV.I. 'Phone : Mayfair 4652.

A IIlbu1allce, a new \2uarterl y Illustrated Magazine Cpricc 6d.), published by the above Instilu tio n, will appear al end of March.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In U PRESCRIPTION READINC" and " ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once.

A member or S.J.A.B. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of instrnction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T.E.)

Special terms now-balf fees-to members of S.J.A. E., &c. Apply (stamp) to MR. J. E. WALDEN. Sec., Westminster College (Lady Dispenser Section of the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 18 74) 112. St. George's Road. Southwark. London.

AID ATLAS OF & DISLOCATIONS

AND THEIR FIRST AID TREATMENT.

Showing actual Fl'actul'es by means of X-Ray Photographs.

By H. C. ORRIN, O.B.E., Exalllz'ner ill First-Aid to the Injured, etc., etc.

For the first time X-Ray Photographs are being mad e use of for demonstration purposes, and this Pocket Atlas is unique inasmuch as that it provides the First Aid and Ambulance Worker with something that until now has been non-existent

The 46 photographs in the Atlas show the General Anatomy of the Skeleton, the Description of the Skull and Trunk, the Upper and Lower Limbs and the Joints, Fractur es and their First Aid Treatment, Fractures of the Head and Trunk, Fractures and Dislocations of the Upper Limb, Fractures and Dislocations of the Lower Limb.

In Cloth CMler. Pp 80, with 46 Figs. PRICE 3s. 6d. NET (postage 3 d .).

BAILLIERE, TINDALL &. COX, 8, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.2.

February, 19 2 3 . -FIRST AID-

" JVhenever we Izave produced an antz·septz'c which can be taken internally 'lvz'Lhout n'sk oj inJury to cell i /ssue, w e will Iza ve conquered infect l·OUS disease."

LORD LISTER

"Y ADIL " IS the antiseptic sought for by Lister.

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solves the problem of internal "infection by m.aking possible the complete internal disinfection of the human system yvithout the slightest risk of injury to cell tissue.

Based upon natural essential oil of garlic, ce Y ADIL" has been used by hundreds of doctors since it ,yas introduced III I9I6. always ,,-ith extraordinary success.

THE " YADIL" BOOK

(I92 pages, cloth bound and published at 2S. 6d.) contains full details of treatment for o\'er I 2,5 infections. together with reports from medical men, matrons and first-aid workers. This useful book can be obtained without cost by applying: for it on the postcard enclosed with e,Tcry 3S. 6d. bottle and larger sizes of "Y ADIL " Antiseptic

Fron1 all chemists, 2oz., 2/=; 6oz., 3/6; Pint, 9/6; Quart, 17/=

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Pronounce it "Y AH=DIL."

FIRST AID, HOME NURSING, HOME HYGIENE & CARE OF CHILDREN

COLONEL R.. J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C.M G., C.I.E., D.S.O., M.D., M.R.C.P.E., D.P.H.(Lond. Knight of Grace of St. John, Member of the Order of Mercy, Kaiser-i-Hind Medalist, Barrister·at-Law, Asst. -Commissioner St. John Ambulance Brigade.

AID.- February, 1923.

MANU ALS OF FIRST-AID, &C.,

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., B.C., B.A.(Cantab), M.R.C.S.

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free, 18.

Flrst.Ald SImplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory.

'Col Sir lames Cantlie contributes an intyoduction and we endoru his gooa opinion 0/ the book. "-LANCET.

AIDS TO HOME-NURSINQ.

Second Edition Price 18 •• post free.

Home.Nurslug Simplified aud Tabnlated, with Aids to Memory.

" This book wondn:/'ully simplifies a complex subject and should be read bv all students."-L. & N W. Rv. GAZETTE.

EFFICIENCY IN FiRST-AID.

Post free, II. 3d.

Problems In StUdy, Treatment and Examlnlllion solved for SenIor Students.

•• Without doubt the book will be 0/great service in the training 0/ those lor whom it is designed. "-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

OOMMON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID.

S. n e : pos 3d. Errors in First Aid Detailed and Explained.

" This book gizles-a clearer n sigltt into tIle met/Lads and difficu lties oj em crg en cy rcatmcnt b'JIlay m en II,an the o(ficial T CItbook itseif."- LA CET

WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID.

Third Edition. Price II •• post free.

DIfficulties iu Study and Treatment 80lved by Question and Answer.

" We commend tlt;S book to Lecturers and Students who will find it 0/ great snviu."-FIRST AID.

HINTS FOR HOSPITAL ORDERLIES. Post free, 9d. Orderly Duties Simplified aod Tabulated, with AIds to Memory. A most compact brochure which contains much ustjul in/ormation./PRESCRIBER

By J. M. AN INDEX OF IFIRST-AID. Fcap. 8vo. Post free, IS. 8d.

FIRST AID IN FEW WORDS. 82nd thousand).

W i t h Co lour ed D iagr ams 12 p p Fo lder C lotb, 6d. Pa per. 2d. P os HOME NURSING IN FEW WORDS. (26th thousand). With usefu l refer ence tab le ,. 14 p p. P a per, :zd.

BANDAGINC DIAGRAMS.

A Compan on Folder to above 12 p p Pa per, :zd. Po s t HEALTH IN [FEW WORDS. ._--

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd" STREET, LONDON,

WE SPECIALIZE IN S.J.A.B. UNIFORMS.

By 10(, n FIRTH, D.P.h., F.R C.S. 20th Thousand. Paper folder 3 in. and 4 in. Post free 3d. net.

By M. PRESTON. Demonstrator to the Polytechnic.

THE TRIANCULAR BANDAGE: I ts Application Accurately Desc:ibed by Words and II6 Diagrams.

I I6 IlJus. Price, I S. net; postage 2d.

THE ROLLER BANDAGE.

Its Application Accurately Described by Words and 162 Diagrams. Price, I S. net; postage, 2d.

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS.

Thirteen (I to I2 and 4) on Roller. Post free, 3s. 9d. net. No. I3 (separately) Male and Female Genital Organs, IS.

THE COMPLETE MANIKIN.

Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy, Medicine, First-Aid and Allied Subjects. Price 2S. net; postage, 4d.

THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAGIN8. By THEKLA

Illustrated. Post free, 15. 3d. POCKET FIRST AID SERIES.

THIRD EDITION.

By Col. J. BLACKHAM, C.B .• C.M.O" C.I.E •• 0.5.0 M.D, (I) Poisoning, (2) H remorrhage, (3) Insensibility, (4) Asphyxia (Sus· pended Breathing), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, (6)Wound s, Bites, Burns, Scalds, Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series contains all th e essentials of First Aid. Printed on linen·lined cards, 3i" x . 6d. net each; postage 2d. extra.

FIRST AID

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

NOTICE TO R.EADERS.

F IRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d. Its aim and object being the advancement o. Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welc omes sugges tions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not n ecess arily tor fJubli cation) by the name and address of the Co rrespondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected wi h FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4.

1 eleg raplzic Address .' "Twent'll-four, London."

1 elep hone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

and particularly to those who fostered the "Safety " movement in its e arly d a ys when, like oth e r innovations, it was t a ken none too s e riously in some quart e rs

It will be within the knowledg e of our readers that th e "Safe ty" m o ve ment was with the First Aid movement on the Gr e at W e stern Railway last year, and that a singl e organisation controls the activities in connection with both. This was of course, a natural fusion , as it was appr e ciated that th e attributes of th e ambulance worker wer e those which were best suit e d to propagate th e gosp e l of safe ty, which inculcates into the minds of the workers the ne e d for prud e nce and foresight in the avoidance of risky practices which may r e sult in personal injuries involving loss of life or limb.

7 6 (Black Vi cu na or Serge)

S.J.A.B. Trousers - 12 / 6 & 16 / 6 per pair (St ock, all sizes) ( Post age 9d. )

HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS. By NOEL D. M.V.O., M.D., Fscp. 8vo. limp cloth. IS. 6d. net; post 3d.

THE BIRTH AND EARLY DAYS OF OUR AMBULANCE TRAINS IN FRANCE- AUGUST, 1914, wit h 5 i llus tra

R.esults of II Safety " Work.

THE "Safety" movement, as is probably well known, had its birth in America, where ex cellent r esults have b e en a chi e ved, particularly on the railways and in workshops and factories.

It was introduced into this country about 1913 by the Gr eat Western Railway, and now it has been running for ab out a d e cade and its slogan is a household phrase, it is in t e r e. sting and gratifying to record some of the results which have been a c hieved.

Whilst the two movements have b ee n wo rking III d o uble harness in this country, it is interestin g to read the report contained in the January issu e of the "South African Railways and Hfl.rbours S a fety Movement and First Aid G a zette," from which we learn tha t the Transportation D e partment individual casualties have from 3 , 625 In 1921 to 2,940 in 1922, a reduction of no less than 685 in o ne year. In the Mechanical Branch, a : r e duction of 516 casualti e s)s r e corded fo r th e same p eriod. This g ives a t o tal reduction of I,201 individual injuries to Eur o p e an s t a ffs employed on the South African Railways and Harbours during the twelve months.

AMBULANCE NURSES COATS

All W ool G rey , and Black Se rge

Extra qualit y material. S t ric ly to regul a tion.

THORNTON &

37/6 Post age I/' CO., 24, Commercial St., BRIGHOUSE.

TE L BP H ONE 28 I.

To be cut out and enclosed with all Quert'es FEB , 1923.

According to official records, in the year 1913, the to tal number of accidents involving personal injuri e s to e mployees reported on the Great Western Railway wa s 3,375. For the year 1915 this had been reduc e d to 2, 728. Two years later it was 2,445, and in 19 19, 2,155. In 1921 the figures were as low as 1,648, and last year, with all the additions to the territory and p e rsonn e l which fo llowed the amalgamations under the Railw a ys Acts, the t otal numb e r was 2,126.

This steady decline in accidents involving personal injuries, is a matt e r for congratulation to all concerned,

Whatever may have b een th e opini o n with regard the " Safe ty" wor k when it firs t made its a p pearanc e in this country, there can be no doubt that the mov e ment is an invaluable o ne ann h a s been the means of sav jng many liV e S. That ther e are m e n and wom e n walking about and working among us to-day who, but for the "Safety " movement, would be numbered amcng industrial fatalities, is sufficient recommendation for our su p port to a movem e nt which has so much in common with that in which readers of this Journal ar e a 'lsociated.

Ar:y mov e ment which makes for th e all e viation of human suffering and saving of human lives and limbs d e serves we ll, and will r e ceive the support of all rightminded memb e rs of the community.

-FIRST

!The Grand of the Order of the )to spital of St. John of Jerusalem in $ngland. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

!The St. John J\mbulance

Prince of Wales's District DISTRICT ORDERS.

COMMISSIONER: W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL APRI L, 1923.

Sunday, 1st.-No. 19 Division, South Metropolitan Gas Co. " 8th.-No. 20 " Hampstead. 5th.-N o. 2 " Bromley. " 22nd.-No. 22 " Hospital Saturday Fund. " 29 th.-No.23 " Norwood.

Duty from 2 p.m., to 2.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m. COMPETITIONS.

The following Competitions, viz.:"Dewar" Shield " Gent" Cup " Massey Mainwaring" Cup " Perrott" Shield "Osborn" Shield Nurses Bowl will be competed for as under: -

Saturday, April 7th Viva " Perrott" 2 p.m "" Viva "Dewar" 3 p.m' Mon'day, " 9t h Written & Viva "Gent" 7 p.m'

Tuesday, "loth" "Nurses Bowl 6 p m:

The Practical and Team Tests will be taken on April 14th at the Northampton Institute, St. John's-street, E.C. Competitors will be advised of time to report.

The Efficiency Cup commences at 3 p.m. on Saturday at the Northampto n Institute. Team leaders will be advised the time to parade.

OBITUARY.

The Commissioner be gs to announce with great regret that Superintendent Statham died after a short illness on Tuesday, March 6 th.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending news paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

N.C.O's CLuB.-A meeting will be held on Thursday, April 5th, at 7.30 p.m., in W. H. Smith and Sons Club, I I, Milford -lane, Strand, W.C.2. President, District Sergt.-Major J. Elam. N.C.O's of Prince of Wales's District are invited to attend. Ma ny Divisions are now represented in the membership of the Club. Par ticulars can be obtained from H. J. Palmer, hon sec., 70, 1 ewin g ton Green-road, London, N. I.

No 70 ( ROYAL BOROUGH m' KENSINGTON) DIVISION.-

A dance and presentation of prizes took place on February [9th at Kensington Town Hall, and as usual was a success, thanks to the Rev. Spackman who made the presentation; also to Lt.-Col. Brooks, Conan Roberts, Esq . and Sergt.-M ajor Elam who so kindly judged the competition, and Corporal J. Owen Entertainment Secretary.

I t is gratifying to know that Assistant Officer Harman

AID.- March, I923.

Pte. Forster, Pte. Edgcombe, and Sec. Sergt. Sier of thi s division have been presented with the silver medal for long service from the L.N.W.Rly. Centre, S.J.A.B. Pte. Forster was also the winner of the" Oppenheimer I) Challenge Cup.

No. 2 District.

SOUTHAMPTON.-I t is with rerret we record the death of Dr. William Purvis, who was hon. surgeon for the past 14 years of the nursing division. He was a great asset to the division, being most regular in his attendances and giving a lecture once a month, and his loss will be greatly lelt. Dr. Purvis served in the South African War in the Volunteer Ambulance Corps.

No. 3 District.

TAMWORTH.-Dr. McColl entertained the members of the division on the occasion of the annual meeting on March 1St.

The Hon. Secretary (Staff:Sergt. Armstrong ) gave a satisfactory report on the year's working of the Brigade There were 40 male members, 31 having uniform. The latter, he sa id, needed renewing, this they hoped to have done during the present year. The uniformed men attended 267 public dut ies at picture houses, football matches, sports, et c., and first aid had been rendered to 231 cases. The attendances at drill and practice were 242. During the year four lad ies and five men passed their e xa mination tor first aid certificates, two ladies and seven men for vouchers, one lady and six men for medallions, eight ladies and eight e en men for labels, pi ght ladies and eight men for pendants. E xplaining the expense of running a new class every year, the report stated in the present one, the largest male class for several years, thirty-two men an d four ladies entered at a fee of 2S. 6d. each, equalling £4 lOS and the expenses were £8 I7S. 6d. This was mentIOned so that those who subscribed so generously to the fund might be enlightened as to the cost of ambulance wotk.

The Hon. Treasurer ( Dr. McColl) submitted the financia l statement, and stated that their having su r h a satisfactory balance sheet was largely dne to their unt ir ing and energet ic Secretary, Staff-Sergt. Armstrong. The income for the year was £ 11 9 65. 3d., and the expenditure £59 6s. 6d., leaving a balance in hand of £59 I9 S 9 d

NO.4-District.

CHADD ERTON.-The Division held their annual Soc ial this month. There was a fair attendance of members an d friends, and they had an enjoyable evening together. Th e first half of the programme was taken up by a whIst drive, an d after the refreshments there was singing and dancing and th e presentation of First Aid Certificates to students who ha d recently passed an examination. In addition there were pr esentations to Dr. Bennett, who had lectured to the Clas s, Superintendent J. W . Woolley, instructor, and Mr. W. Pleasan t, secretary.

NO.5 District.

WAR SOP.- The annual tea and social of the Warsop M ain Division was held at the B'eadquarters, Worksop ], Vale, on Feb. 24th, was a larg-e gathering of the memb ers and frIends, mcludlDg the Asst.-Commissioner, A. B. GIbs on, ?tts, who, prev.ious t? the tea, had inspected the Ca det DIVISIon, who, clad m theIr new uniforms had turned out for parade 30 strong. The inspecting officer'congratulated Ser gt.

H. S. Nuttall, who was examined for promotion as Ca det Officer, upon the smart appearance and drill of the boys and their knowledge of first aid.

After tea the gathering assembled in the large hall of tbe

March, I923. -FIRST school to listen to a concert, the items of which, given by Mr. H. P. 13rufton and friends from Sheffield, were thoroughly enjoyed.

Interspersed in the programme were various presentations. The Asst.-Commissioner, A. B. Gibson, presented the Diploma of the Hon. Serving Brother of 'the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, neatly framed, to Corps Officer J. W. Sleight, remarking on the long and arrluous services to the Brigade for the last 14- years. He also presented the Vellum Vote of Thanks to Sergt. John G. Savagt", who had carried on the work at home while all the other officers and n.c.o's were away. Both receipients suitably responded.

Div.-Surgeon P. M. Gettleson presented certificates to 30 Cadets, and congratulated the DiviSIOn on the Success obtained during the year, no fa ilure being recorded in either Class or Brigade re-exam. The new Superintendent of the Division, R. Ringham, who plesided, J7 Vouchers, 17 Labels and J 4 Service Badges.

Two old N.C.O's of the Division, Supt. T. Hayes of New Holland Division, and Amb. Officer O. Boyce of the Welbeck Division, expressed the thanks of the ga1hering to the artistes, the piani st, Miss L. E. Abbott, and the ladies and social com-

AID - 159

10 his annual report, Supt. Hawkes claimed a year of great progress and success. The Transport Department under Transport Officer J . C. Dunk, had the greatest number of calls on record. This Department alone was worthy of all the support so generously given to the Division. Long servi ce medal5 had been awarded to Supt. Hawkes and Sergt. lJ. Goodyer. Ambulance Saturday and house· to-house collections realised over £500. Public duties during the year, under Ambulance Officer Bigg, were in attendance at cricket and football matches, concerts and similar gatherings, all such duties being carried out efficiently. Accidents at which first aid was rendered were 3 [I, an increase of 47. Six cases were privately nursed. The Brigade Orchestra under Ambulance Officer Maxwell and Corporal A. Orford had done good service, and with the Social Committee had become an important and popular factor of the Division. The Div isio n had no w two motor ambulances and upwards of twenty First Aid Ambulance Stations in the town and district.

Transport Officer Dunk reported that the Transport Department had removed during the year 963 cases, being ill· ness removals 855, accident removals 108; an increase of 427 cases, covering a mileage of 20,000. A large num ber of

mittee for the excellent work in arranging such a successful meeting.

The work of th is division is flourishing in every way, reporting an of members whose attendance averaged 75 per cent. for 45 Sundays in the year, and the addition and equipment of a Cadet Division, and the hope was expressed that Nursing Division, which has not managed to carryon smce the war, would recommence its activiti es during the present year.

No. 8 District.

MAIDSTONE.- The annual meeting of the Maidstone St. John Ambulance Division and the Nursi n g Division was held at the Town Hall on February I4th, Colonel Cornwallis (Pr esident) taking the chair, supported by the Mayor and Mayoress (Councillor F. E. WallIS and Miss Wallis ), Alderman

D. T. J. Lyle, Major H. E. Chapman (Chief Constable of Kent ), Su pt. P. W. Hawkes, Dr. C. Pye Oliver, Transport Offi cer; J. C. Dunk. W. Bigg and A. J. Maxted, Reserve Amhulance Officer J. T.l'ickard, Supt. Murray (Chatham), District Offi cer of the Nursing Division ( Mrs. Falwasser), Ambulance Officer Mrs. Wootten, Nursing Sister and Secretary, Mrs. Fotheringham.

patients removed were quite unable to help with any fees; therefore in thanking the public most cordially for the ir past Renerosity, he had every confidence in again appealing for their support in the future. During the even ing Mr. Sendle3 was presented with the Medaille Albert Roi des Belges for his services in connection with the Belgian wounded in the early days of the war.

No. 9 District.

PLYl\IO UTH -The Nc 9 District Annual Nursing- Competition for the Shield. given by the Hon. Lady C. R. Burn, O.B.E., and the Cup gIven by Mrs. C. I. Ellis, was held at the Trafalgar Hall, Plymouth, February 14th

This year 8 teams entered as against 4 las t year, but one of the 8 did not present itself.

The Conditione; of the contest were of the" Perrott)) Challenge Shield, as the winning team has the first claim to represent thIS DIstrict at the competition to be held in London laler on, for that Shield

The Judge; were Superintendent F 'IN. 1\10rton Palmer, M.D., ()f Telgnmouth, who gave oral questions on an artery ( lme of, and its pressure point ) fracture of a bone, a poison

BARRY DOCK DIVISION.

-FIRST

(signs and treatment of) and then set a practical test and Miss A. Dickson, Matron of South Devon and East Cornwall Hospital for the Nursing pa r t who required the competitors to change sheets, draw-sheet and machintosh of a helpless patient, to make and apply a hot fomentation, and to answer questions on g eneral nursing and infant management. This, her first, experience of judging in a competition for women members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade proved very interesting to her.

The trophies were keenly competed for and it was felt that not only had the competitors benefjted by the additional training they had received, from their instructors, for the competition, but that good would accrue from so many ambulance workers meeting together, in friendly intercourse, over an excellent tea so kindly provided by Lady District Officer Mrs. Pethybridge and Ambulance Nurses at Plymouth.

The need for such an annual contest, for Nursing Divisions, is quite evident, and that it has been appreciated, was shown by the fact of double the number of entries this year.

The competing teams were Babbacombe and St. Marychurch, Devonport, Falmouth, Plymouth (Co-operative), Plymouth (Sherwell ), Redruth and Torquay.

Redruth for the second time was the winner, having obtained 128 marks, Plymouth ( Co-operative) being second with 125 marks and Babbacombe and St_ Marychurch third with II7 marks so it will be realised how close the competitors were in their replies to the questions and tests by the judges.

The prizes, which included this year individual prizes of a miniature silver cup to each member of the first team given by Mrs. Pethybridge were presented by Mrs. Chambers, the wife of Surgeon Rear-Admiral Joseph Chambers, C.M.G., B.A., M.B., the latter made some most encouraging remarks, and he especially mentioned the great service performed by members of the BrigClde (both women and men) in the late war, to his personal knowledge.

Lt.-Col. C. I. Ellis, C.M.G., M.D., District Commissioner, presided, and he was accompanied and ably assisted by the following staff officers Mr. H. V. Miller, Assistant Commissioner for Devon. Messrs. Edgar Trounsen, ot Redruth, T. Pengelley and T. D. Perkins, of Plymouth. District Offi cers, Mrs. C. 1. Ellis, Lady District Supt., and Mrs. Pethyrid g e, Lady District Officer.

Dr. Pethybridge and Major Dawson, R.A.M.C. M.D., D. P.B , watched the whole proceedings with keen interest and many members of Nursing Divisions both those sending teams and those, who, it is hoped, will send teams next year, were present.

Hearty votes of thanks were accorded to Mrs. Chambers for presenting the prizes, the Judges for their careful work and the proprietor of Trafalgar Hall, who lent the room fa; the occas on, free of any charge.

P OO L - The new ambulance hut was opened by Captain Morein g , M.P on February 8th.

CA :\1DOR NE - At the anr.ual meeting of the Division Supt. QuintreH presented with a cheque 10 appreciation of h is 1 7 years servIce as Superintendent.

No. 10 District.

IpS WlcH -The Gippeswyk (Ipswich Corps) Divisional Ambulance Challenge Cup, which is competed for annually, was contested for on March 2nd, at the Ambulance Hall, Ipsw ich. Thlee teams entered under the leadership of Sergt.

J. .J.. Bird, CarpI. J. H. and Pte. V!: respectively.

DIVIS Io na l Surgeon (SocIal Settlement DIVISIon) Dr. Mackinnon

M R.C .S a c ted as judge. Ea c h team was given a Stretcher Te s t Case, an individual injury, and answer a question in wri t ing.

The result of a very keen contest were as follows ;-1St,

AI D. - March, 1923

Sergt. J. J. Bird's team, 64 points; 2nd, CorpI. J. H. Brett's team, 51 points; 3rd, Pte. W. Miller's team, 44 points. The teams are not picked or in any way selected, but are drawn for, therefore each member has an equal opportunity of competing and yet not knowing until the start of the competition who will be the fellow members of his own team.

The winning team was composed of Sergt. J. J. Bird, Ptes. A. C. Kennell, P. C. Draves, and C. Rouse. Divisonal Surgeon Dr. Mackinnon, in presenting the cup to the winning team, complimented the teams upon their efficiency, and remarked that in some instances, members had shown splendid knowledge of their work.

The Division held its annual social evening at the Ambulance Hall on March 9th, Supt. F. E. Goddard presiding. The chairman reviewing the past years' wGrk, said that the enthusiasm and energy of the members had not decreased. They had sent teams to compete in the East Anglian Challenge Cup and the Dewar Shield.

No. II (S.E. & C. R.) District.

Tonbridge Division held a very successful annual dinner last month. Over fifty sat down to do justice to a splendid meal. Mr. W. L. Bradley was in the chair, supported by Mr. E. A. Richards, Commissioner No. II District; Dr. Watts, Councillor G. F. Stacey, Mr. Briggs, Permanent Way Inspector, Mr. Russell, Goods Agent, Tonbridge, and the offi c ers of the Division.

The annual business meeting of the Add scombe Division is. always full of interest. Under Divisional Superintendent Hawker s leadership and the administrative talent of Ambulance Officer Twidle good progress has been made during 1922. The Concert held at North End Hall, Croydon, on 28th ult., was a great success.

Donations to the Brigade Benevolent Fund have been received for the current year from the Addiscombe and Orpington Ambulance D visions and also from the London Bridge Nursing Division. These Divisions have repeated the generous grants they made in 1922, when a total of 20 guineas was sent to "The Gate') from this District.

Bricklayers' Arms Division have arranged a Fancy Dress Carnival at Bermondsey Town Hall for the present month.

Victoria Division are carrying on the successful series of Whist Drives which have been a feature of the winter activities during years.

In presenting the report for 1922 Ramsgate Division can congratulate itself on having equipped nearly all the members with uniforms during the year. Councillor Mrs. E. R. Dunn has wurked untiringly to put the Division in its present flourishing state.

The returns for 1922 show that Brigade work on the S.E.&C. Railway is steadily advancing. The net increase in personnel would have been greater, but for the reductions in staff which have been necessary during a year of exceptional depression in the agricultural areas served by this line. The formation of Cadet Divisions at several points will furnish a regular influx of recruits to the Senior work as the years go by.

The District Secretary is anxious to convey his hearty thanks to his colleagues on the District Staff and to the Divisional Officers for their ready assistance in all matters clerical.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

A been arranged, and will take place on 18th April, at Chnst Church, Leeson Park, Dublin, between Sydney H;ughes Elkington, only son of C. S. Elkingt on, and Mrs. of Roundhay, Leeds, and Leslie, eldest daughter of Sir John and Lady Lumsden, of 4, FitzwilliamDub.lin. Miss Lumsden, a member of Dun drum Nursing DIVISIon sIDce 1916, served for a year and a half in France under the Joint at the Hotel Bristol, Boulogne. We are sure that all members of the brigade in Ireland will join in

March, 1923. -FIRST

wishing every possibie happinp.ss to the daughter of the Com missioner.

The Annual Competition for the Individual Cup (Women ) the gift of Lady Arnott, D.B.E., was held at 40, Merrion-square, on Saturday, loth March, when IS candidates entered. The standard of work was high, and in many cases the answering was excellent. The winner was Miss Eleanor Summers, Harcour t Nursing Division, with the fine total of 202 marks. Miss F. Burroughs was second, with 185 marks, and Miss A. Laster third with 163 marks. The following kindly acted as examiners ;-

First Aid (Theory).-District Officer A. J. Connor. Firsr Aid (l'ractical).-Corps. Supt. A. J. MacWiliiam. Home 1\1 ursing (Theory).-Miss Paterson, Assist. Matron, Adelaide Hospital, Dublin. Horne Nursing (Practical ).-Miss Doyle, Adelaide Hospital. Uniform Lady District Officer IV] iss Overend.

The officer in charge of the competition was Lady District Officer Miss Overend.

First Aid in Hypnotic Trance.

THERE is a form of insensibility, which, as far as I know, is not mentioned in first aid manuals, unless indted, it is intended that it should be included under hystEria. It is very desirable that one should know something about the hynotic state, which through the spread of a partial knowledge of " mesmerism" is becoming too common, and because great harm may be done to persons in this state by rough and ill-advised measures.

The phenomena of hypnosis were probably known in ancient times; recently they have beer. recogni5ed under the name of mesmeric;m, Brindism, electra-biology and a nimal-magnetism. Under the latter name hypnotism has been a happy hunting ground for quacks, and has thus been brought into disrepute with the public, who illogically regard it at the same time as impossible, dangerous and uncanny.

The hypnotic state may be described as artificial sleep, suggestions and other means being used by the operator in order to induce that state in the subject. During hypn03is the su bj is partially conscious! and suggestions made to him by word or gesture, have vastly more weight than if these suggestions were made in his normal waking state. Thus the operator gains a certain moral control which may be used for good or evil.

This control has been exaggerated in fiction, for although a subject may be powerfully influenced, he can seldom be induced to do things contrary to his real incli· nations. A kind of sympathy is established between operator and subj:::ct known as rapport, this may in some measure be due to telegraphy. Hypnosis varies, with the temperament of the person operated on, and to some extent with the means employed in causing sleep, from slight drowsiness to a state of insensibility in which pain may be inflicted without apparent effect; the limbs dropping as helplessly as if under the influence of chloroform.

Hynosis is often ushered in by a deep respiration after which the breathing and pulse are regular, the faCt! slightly flushed and the eyes turned up under partially closed lids. But these latter symptoms and many others not mentioned here, vary so much with the subject that it would be useless for the purpose of this article to detail them. The object of writing being to let first -aiders know what to do, or rather, what not to do when some ill-advised and unskilled operator has for mere amusement induced hypnotic insensibility and is unable to awaken his subject.

AID.- 161

Let the operator do or S2.y the reverse d what he dil or said in order to induce hypnosis; he must likewis e in a firm voice bid the subject awake. Fanning the face and blowing on the eyes are often also useful measures. By reason of the rapport before mentioned, everything depends on the operator retaining his self·confidence. Bystand e rs must not interfere between operator and subject by using smelling salts or other remedial agents, because, if the hypnotised person is awakened suddenly by any other p e rson than the operator, bad after effects will probably ensue. If the subject still does not awaken, loosen tight clothing at the neck and put him in a comfortable position; the operator must then tell him that he will wake up at a stated time. After this let the subject remain quiet and treat him with" judicious neglect," remembering that profound forms of hypnosis may ofren, though by no means necessarily, occur in hysterical persons. Trances occurring at spiritualistic seances or after emotional religious teaching are probably also related to hypnosis. The methods of inducing this peculiar form of sleep are various, and need not be entered into here, as the object of this article is not to incite first-aiders to try amateur hypnotic experimentf, but rather to warn them of the dangers of so doir:g, and beg them to always discountenance the same. The practice of hypnotic suggestion should e qually with medicine and surgery be limited to those who are qualifi ed by training and experience. Hypnotism may be compar e d to alcohol. Used in proper cases it is of tbe greatest s e rvice, but abused it will lea(i in the end to degradation, both moral and pbysical, and even in rare cases may be e mpl')yed for criminal Ther e is also the immediate danger OfthA subject getting b e yond the control of the operator and only being awakened by medical aid and then too in a very unhappy condition The use of hypnotism lies in some cases of insomnia, bad or intemperate habits, want of self-confidence, neuralgia, etc. j its abuse in experiments where attempts are mad e to cause the subject to act in any way contrary to his better judgment.

Reviews.

BANDAGING DIAGRAMS.

By J. M. Carvell, M.R.C.S., L.S.A. Bale, Sons & Danielsson, Great Titchfield -street, W . P r i ce 2d.

Dr. Carvell has prepared this folder as a companion to his well-known and popular folders-Fi rst Aid i n F e'ltJ W o?'ds and Home lVttrsin[{' in Few rVords. Like its fellows it is a neat and elegant production, such as Messrs. Bale Sons & Danielsson have accustomed us to expect from them; and it consists of no less than 72 diagrams which set forth the uses of the triangular and the roller bandage. To those who without any accompanying description can learn the a rt of bandaging by diagram, this folder should prove useful and interesting.

L0ndon's ambulance service is to b e improved by the establishment of three new stations. It is stated that the average time taken to reach each case dealt with by the service during a period of eight months, was 8.7 minutes.

PRIORY FOR WALES.

Lord Kylsant, Sub-Prior of the Priory for WalES of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, presided at a meeting of the Grand Committee of the Priory, held in Council Chamber, City Hall, Cardiff, on March 1st. His lordship was supported by Lord Tredegar, Lord Kenyon, Lord A berdare, Mackintosh of Mackintosh, Lldy Lady Lewis, Colonel J. Aroalt Jones, LIeut.-Col. Thomas Wallace, Morgan Lindsay Mr. M. Iogledew, Cel. Bickerton Edwards, Mr. ;: W. Dr. C. Glanville Morris, the Right. Hon. Thomas RIchards, Mr. L. Forestier·Walker, M.P., the Rev. Dr. M. J. Powell, Capt. T. E. Richards, Mr. R. Wilson Bartlett, Mr. G. Campbell Oliver: Mr. Horace S. Lyne, Dr. De Vera Col. J. A Bradney, and Sir Herbert Lewis, K. R E., pnnclpal Secretary and Commis5ioner for T?e Lord !v1ayor (Alderman Dr. J. J. E. Biggs), extend.lOg a cordIal welcome to the Grana Committee, said the PfI?ry for Wales was recognised as an integral part of our natlOnal ltff'. traditional work of the Order of St. J o?n been developed and extended in all parts of the Pnnclpahty of The hostels and clinics for exI?tn which we.re being maintained by the Priory (or the. Mtnlst.ry PensIOns were doing a great work, to the entIre satIsfactIOn of everyonE. The motor am bula!lce up by the Priory was continually Increasmg In populaTlty and scope. The medical comforts rectntly by the Priory, for the provision of SIck-room requISItes and comforts on loan at nominal charge!', were a source of benEfit; and in Cardiff alone where they depots in working, thev had iJetn means.of mltlgatlOg great dlstresF. The Brigade work of the Pnory was steadIly increasing, and valuable work was being done by Its mem ber s.

On the motion of the Right. Han. Thomas Richards seconded by Dr. Rocyn Jones, Lord Kylsant was heartil; con.gratulated the honour conferred upon him by his MaJesty the KlOg. Sir Her Lewis was similarly coogratulated.

Sir L e wis rtad the following letter addressed to the Sub-Pn or from SI. Jamefl s Palacp. ;-

D E.: R LORD am desired by the Prior, HIS ROyal HIghness the Prince of Wales to inform you much he would have liked to be presen't at the meetIn g In on St .. David's Day. As this is, unfortunalely, ImpossIble, Royal Highness wishes me to tell you ho:-" ple ased he IS to hear of the great worK done by the ?nory III the past yp.ar, especially that part of it relating to the care of ex-service men at the Tenby HospItal and the. Orthop c:c dic Clinic at Swansea.

Pnnce is glad to know that the Royal Naval HospItal at Pembroke Dock IS to be acquired by the Pr lory, and Spa treatment opened at Llandnn dod for ex-soldIers and civil patients, and

that thIS great Welsh national ambulance institutIon IS now not only being supported by the loyal brigade men and w<?men, but by Ihe \Velsh nation as a whole to whom he Wi s hes, as Prior, to his grateful thank;.

Yours smcerely,

(Signed ) GOD FREY THOM AS.

Lord Kylsant, in reviewing the activities of the past said that the ambulance der.artment showed great vIgour. The number of classes had lDcreasEd considerably,

whilst the ambulance of .railways had recently b een transferred to the Pnory. Similar satisfactory expanSI.0I?' .was also shown in the Brigade, and a number of new dlVlslOns had been registered.

They were now faced with a difficult situation. The question was whether they could carryon the work they before them, ur whether they must curtail their operatIOns for want of the necessary financial support. He felt that when people of W a les realised what was being done on their behalf they would not allow their Wtlsh Priory to languish or fail.

N egotiatio[Js had takc.n place with a view Lo arriving at an arrangement for joint working in Wales between the P,iory and the Red Cross Society. So fa.r, these had not resulted In an agreement, and the two bodies were canying on independently in the meanwhile. There were obvIOUS arising out of the differing constitution of the two socletlts, but he was not without hope that some might ultimately be come to whereby both orgaDlS3.tlOns (whose work was so closely ident ifi e d) would gradually me merged into cnE.

T?er were all when recently their energetic CommlsslOner and PnnClpal Secretary recc;ived the honour of knighthood from his Majesty. S ir Her bert Lewis was devoted heart and soul to the mterests of the Priory for Wales.

The honorary director of ambulance (M-. Leolin Walker, M. P ) reported that the am bulance actmtles for the past ye a r had been extended and developed, and might be briefly su.nmarised as satisfactorily progress mg.

The report of the treasurer (Col. Sir Watkin Williams· Wynn, Bart, C. R) was submitted by L ieut. Col. Thomas Wallace, M.D. It was stated the position, so far as the finances were concerned, stlll called for anxiety, and they had now approached the stage at which it became necessary to either curtail the work or secure an increased regular income.

Mackintosh of Mackintosh (lady president of the County Centre) presented a brief rtport on the medical comforts depots established by the Priory.

Sir Lewis has received the following letter from the ChIef Constable of Cardiff:-

Dear Sir Herbert,

I feel that I must bring to your notice the splendid work by the male and female members of your Brigade who were detailed for duty at the Park Football Ground, on the occasion of the Cup·TIe between Tottenham Hotspur and Cardiff City on Saturday, 24th February, 1923.

There was a record attendance of the public in fact the largest crowd that has ever witnessed a match at CardIff. Shortly after the game commenced the spectators, who had concentrated, much too densely at t?e north-east corner of the playing pitch, became' so tIghtly between the crush barriers and the fencing surroundmg the field of play that a large number of men and women collapsed under the strain. Some fainted and others were crushed and received minor injuries. At tbis there happened to be a strong contingent of your Brigade and I as.sure Yc:m they had their hands full. They were unstmted m helpmg the police to get collapsed persons out of the crowd-in itself an almost herculean

-ttRST

task-and, that done, they devoted themselves to the resuscitation of the coliapsed and injured men and women. At the time I was deeply thankful ttat they were present to render such timely aid, and since, upon reflection, I have wondered whether the large assemblage that was there appreciated as they should, the spirit, the sacrifice, and the organisation which enabled such an ugly situation to have been dealt with so promptly and so humanely. In the excitement of the moment I did not think the spectators, except those who were in distress, reali se the true value of the work that was done then by your brigade (and which you have always been, and are still ready to do ), and, that being so, I regard it as a privilege to write in this strain.-Yours faithfully, (signed ), JAMES A. WILSON, Sir Herbert Lewis, O.B.E , J.P , Chief Constable.

Priory House, 4, Cathedral-road, Cardiff.

Memorial Services for the Earl of Plymouth.

N EARLY all the members of the Royal Family were represent e d at the Memorial Service for the Earl of Plymouth

Al:O.

Sutton, Sir Reginald and Lady Wingate, Mrs. Austen Chamberlain, and Sir John Hewett.

The Knights and other members of the Order in their robes proceeded from St. Joho s Gate to the church followed by the representatives of members of the Royal Family.

The Bishop of Worcester delivered an address, in which he referred to the high qualities of the late Lord Plymouth, and mentioned particularly the strenuous work which he did during the war in the organisation of ambulance work.

The Brain and the Nervous System.

SIR FREDERICK MOTT in a lecture at the headquarters of the National Union of Teachers said that patients who complained of "nerves" were often found to suffer fram anxiety or even in some cases insanity. Usually, the size of the brain indicated its quality; the Japanese, short of stature, possessed large brains , When a nerve such as the sciatic was stimulated by electric, chemical or mechanical means, the muscle contracted, and heat was formed. Each nerve was a pro-

(Sub-Prior of the Order) at St. John's Church, ClerkenwelI, on March 15th.

Queen Alexandra was represented by Major Edward Seymour, and the Prince of Wales by Sir Lionel Halsey. The Duke ,of Conn aught, Grand Pnor of the Order, was represented by Sir Murray. Miss Yorke represented Pnncess Mary, VIS' countess Lascelles, and Captain Giles St!bright attended on behalf of the Duke of York. Princess Louise (Duchess of Argyle) was represented by McMahon, Pri.ncess Christian with her daughter, Pnncess Helena VIctOria, by Brigadier-General Cecil Wray. The members of the congregation also included the Marchioness of Lansdowne, Lady Helena Gleichen, Mary Countess of Minto, the Earl of Earl Beauchamp, Lord Treowen, Lord Methuen, Lord Monson, Lady Kylsant, Lady Bland-

longation of cells in the spinal cord, the sheath from which when tOLlching the muscles, broke up into arborisation. Paralysis was caused by inflamed or destroyed nerves of the spinal cord. All nervous action was reflex. When a part was inflamed, the muscle became rigid, and thus allowed of the necessary rest; this was "pain protection." From the motor area in the brain (behind which lay the sensory and perspective nerves) came the fibres controlling voluntary movement!). When you willed, an " impulse passed to the muscleF. With all right-hand e d people speech was in the left hemisphere of the brain: try to make a child ambidextrous and it stuttered! In idiots the brain·cells were deficient in size and num ber; in the insane they were destroyed.

The cerebellum, which, unlike the brain, was of uniform size, had two lobes, the right half being connected

Mem bers of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in the procession.

-FIRST AID.- Marchi 1923.

with the left brain, and the midd:e with position in space. It was highly developE.d in d:stinctive animals, e g., the shark, the hawk, the eagle. Th e sea-lion had large olfactory lemurs, a half-ape from Madagascar, and th e ape which depwded on vision and hearing, and small ones. The erect posture, and the US;! of the hand as the instrument and also instructor of the brain, distinguisr.ed man from the lower animals, also language, articulate and graphic. While formal language migh be given us to thought, emotional language was universal, and "':ithout emotion there was no voice modulation, or impressIOn on the hearers. Each man had his own standpoint. In a field, the architect saw possible building, the farmer, future crops, the artist, the beautiful green, the poet heard the lark's jubilant song, the idiot saw nothing. The mind was storehouse of experiences and was inseparable from the body; as Ari3totle taught, nothing was in the mind that was not first in the senses. Two Swiss doctors discov e red that when the thyroid gland was removed in cases of goitre, myxcedema, and various discomforts followed. Mentally defe ctive children, treated with thyroid gland extract, bf'came normal, but on the other hand excess of gland activity had drawbacks. Th e between insanity and consumption was due to the lowered vitality and the low oxygen-intak -e of consumptives.

Railway Ambulance Competitions.

LONDON MIDLAND AND SCOTTISH RAILWAY.

Tht: East Lancashire District held its Competition at Ambulance Drill Hall, Accrington, on February 24th. Fifteen teams competed. The valuable prizes awarded by the company wue distributed by Mr. T. R. Hawxwell, M.B.E., and the competition was judged by Dr. F. De B. Pim, of Nelson, assisted by Dr. A. W. Knox, of Brierfield.

The team prizes were won as follows :-I, Bolean No. I; 2, Todmorden; 3, Rochdale No.2; 4, Ramsbottom.

Five individual pri ze s were offered for those obtaining most marks outside the winning t eams. The successful five Brown, B:l.cup; F. Howorth, Bury; G. S. Cooper, Bolton No.2; Messrs. J. Lord and F. Davies, Rochdale J n. I.

Mr. P. Turner, assistant passenger sup eri ntend e nt presided at the presentation of the awuds and was ported by Mr. H. E. Roberts (assistant goods managtr), Mr.. G. H. Nutt er (centre secretary), Mr. G. S. Hill (assistant centre secretary), and a good number of stationmasters and goods agents in the district.

The central district competitions took place at Birmmgham on February 27th, the judges being Dr. F. H. Maberl e y, of Handsworth Dr. J. c. Belcher, of Birmingham ; and Dr. J. J. Robb, of Bournville. Eighteen teams competed, with the results shown l::elow, the maximum number of marks obtainable being 459 :- (1), Wolverhamp ton Goods, 404 mark s ; (2), Bescot Traffic No. 2 (2) Curzon Stre etJGoods No. 3 26 ; (4), Curzon Street Goods No.2, 307 2-

SOUTH ·EASTERN & RAILWAY. -A larg e numb er of Fust Aid en thUSiasts were present to witn e ss final comp =tition of the centre which were h':!ld on February 21St, at the Central Hall, Westminster. One interesting feature of this yeat s contest was that the spec-

tators wtre provided with a 1esume of the tests, in const:. quence they wer e able to follow the competition with a considerable am ount of interest, this featur e we hope to see emulated, then we shall not hear the remarks that "ambulance competitions are

The Judges were Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher (stretcher). 1

Colonel R. J. Blackham (individual) who made their awards as follows :-

Bricklayers Arms 378

Hither Green 353i

Ashford Station 322t

" Works

At the conclusion of the contest Lady Baring presented the trophi e s, and Mr. Cox (Supt. of Line) in proposing a vote to her sai? that the gathering was a.n unique occaSIOn m a')m uch as It was the last time they would meet as the S.E. & C. Railway Centre being absorbed in the South e rn Railway, but neverth e less they would take their reputation with them.

Dr. Fletcher in responding to the vote of thankc; to the judges Slid that in the str e tcher test that the only :eal error of the day was that all the teams left the patient In the cellar and only one enquired if there was a fracture of th e base of the skull, otherwise they had all acquitted themselVES with credit.

Colonel Blackham also responded and gave the compe titors a few hints as to their treatment.

General Baring responded on behalf of Lady Baring to a vote of

The following in the marking sheet of stretch e r test: S TRETCH ER TE ST.

You four-with full equipment - are wa lking through a Side street on your way to this competition. As you are passing a house, into which a coalman is delivering coal down the shoot in the footway, a man suddenly rushes out almost mad with excitement, and saying something about the cdalman's mate and the coal cellar. Act as you should.

N.B.- The judge will only answer questions as to what the proper use of your senses might discover in such an emergency.

Immediate Action. (Deduct freely for delay )

First warn coalman cease action

And stand by to render assistance

Rapid) tactful questions to householder

Discover cause of excitement. (The man says he heard groan'i in coal cellar)

Tactful words: sympathetic action

Methods of treating hysteria

Rapid advance into house and cellar

Discover patient beneath coal

Method of lifting off lumps of coal

Care against injury towards selves

Exclude cause against moving (none)

I m mediatel y remove patien t from cellar

To sitting-room above, up stairway

Method of carrying upstairs

Examination of patient.

Establish insensibility by tests

Response to speech and touch (none)

Reaction of pupils (equal: sluggish)

Ask if any physical deformity (none)

If wound (large incised right temporal region)

If bleeding (bright red); if spurting ...

If irregularity of skull beneath wound (no)

If blood or serum from nose to ears (no)

Immediate digital pressure temporal artery

Enquire face (flushed); pulse at wrist (full)

Breathing (d eep, inclined to be stertorous)

Ask for doctor (no ); hospital (200 yards)

Ask for patient's home (I mile away)

Complete examination of patient (methods)

If methods correct, marks on right kneecap

Locate gap right kneecap; ask wound (no ).. 4

Decide treat simple fracture kneecap ' 4

Treatment of patient.

1. Scalp Wound-Arterial Bleeding.

Keep up digital pressure on artery 3

Presume (wit hout question) wound" dirty ;) 3

Avoid risks of contamination (fi ngers ) 3

Send householder for warm, sterile water 2

Enquire again doctor (no ); wash wound 3

Ask if foreign bodies ( no ): iodine freely 3

Apply clean, dry, absorbent dressing

FIrm pad WIth narrow tr iang ular ban dag e 3

Relax pressure: enquire results (no bleeding ) 3

Efficienc.y and neatness of methods

2. Compression of Brain.

Patient flat; head to side: loosen clothing... 3

Raise head and shoulders slightly

Cover warmly: test hot water bottles

Apply same to abdomen and lower limbs

Apply cold water to head continuously

3. Simple Fracture of Pelvis.

Straigh ten and raise lower limb 3

Do not raise well head and shoulders

Back splint, butto ck to heel 3

Fix fracture with two narrow bandages 2

Fix splint with bandages to thigh and leg 2

Support foot off ground; cold to knee 4

Efficiency and neatness of methods .f

Transport of Patient.

Enquire again if change in hospital (no) 3

DeCIde remove quickly to hospital 3

Send message in advance ( written 3

Advise relatives in same way 2

Pre pare, place, and test stretcher 3

Load stretcher: adjust slings 5 carr yin g, and lowerin g stretcher 5

Method of carrying downstairs 3

Keep warmly cov ered : nothing by mouth 4

No chang e bearers: care and observation 4

Report to doctor (c ause: injuries: treatment ) 4

Uniso n work and general smartness 6

Note for judge.-Arrange "cellar" at foot of stairs leading up to platform. Leave screen open to face spectators. Arrange" sittingroom" on platform and, if possible, have another pair of steps at opposite end of platform. Arrange libera l supply of cardboard boxes as " lumps of coal."

LONDON, MIDLAND & SCOTTISH RAILWA Y Co.-

2

4

3

3

2

3

2

AI D.-

R. Harvey, R. J. Hughe!;, J. Williams, E. G. Griffiths. After the competition the judges addressed the teams, pointing out litrle mistakes made by some of the teams. They congratulated the on having such a number of exp e rt qualified men. Some of the teams had not done so well as others, but they understood some of the men had only just obt3.ined their nrst certificates, and they were to b3 congratulated on their pluck in coming forward in com petition so soon.

Mr. G)ulborn presented the prizes to the first three teams, and the individual He remarked this was th e first competiti0n held amongst teams entirely from tho; South Wales district. Previous to the new re·organisation of the am bulance districts from 1st October las t, they were attached to th e Shrewsbury, Central and S out h Wales D ·strict. Mr. Goulborn a ls) announced that he was further pleas e d to state that six members of the staff in his district had qualified for the Long Service Medals recently instituted by the Company. He had hoped to present these to the men concerned that day, but they had not all arriVEd from th e makers, but he hoped to have that plea')ure later on when he would b e presenting the awards gained at the classes held during the past session.

The competition \\ac; organised and all arrangements mad e by the Hon. District Ambulance Secretary for South Walts, Mr. E. W. T. Morris, D T.S C., Abergavenoy.

CAR D "A."- ( For Captain only).- You and three other ambulance men are working at a small country station, when a message arrives that a smash has occurred between your station and the next country station.-Act.

C ARD "B.'l-(To be read out to team).-On arrival you find that a coach has been derailed, and that a man has been lifted by helpers to side of l ne. He is unconscious. There is blood on the trousers of left leg ( middle ). A" First Aid Jl box on train. No doctors can arri ve for half an hour. Nearest hospital ten miles away.

CARD C.- "( To be read out to team).-A motor ambulance with two doctors has now arrived by road at point nearest accident (300 yards ). Only a rough part through fields crossing one stile.

STRETCHER TEST.

The annual D ist rict Ambulance Competition for the staff employed in th e South Wales district took place in Taberuacle Schools, Dock-street, Newport, Mon . 00 Febru uy 26 th. Th e judges we re :Stretcher Test.-Dr. S. Hamilton, M.D., B.C.H., D.P.H., Newport.

Viva Voce.-Dr. S. McCormac, M.B , Individual Iujuries .- Dr. L. E. Acomb, M.R.C.P .• M.R.C.S, D.P .H, Newport.

Mr. E. Goulborn, District Traffic Supt., Abergavenny, was President for th e day, and Mr. F. J. Mansfield, A!.sistant Sup., Mr. A. T. G. Posmtr, A.M.LC.E, Divisional Engineer Mr. S. Heap, Telegraph Dept., also all of Abergavenny, were p ·esent.

Eleven teams cc mpeted, and the result was as follows :-

1st, Abergavenoy Junction, 2 12t mirks; 2nd, Nanty203; 3rd, Pontllanfniith, 124; Abergavenny, Brecon.-road, T 93; Tredegar, Brynma wr, 17 3 ; 168i; SirhowYI 166; Abergavennv, Engineer109 Dept., 163; Bedwellty Pits, 159t; Cardiff, MaXImum marks, 300. pri ze s were awarded to the following, who gaiued the hIgh e st individual marks in the winning teams :-

CARD" A."- With help of stationmaster, get three Fi rst-Aiders 3 Collect Ambulance material at station Enquiry.-Quickest means of reaching smash ? 5 Judge.-" A shunting engine at work in yard."

Prompt action

CARD" B.' -Enquiry.- Whether doctors and ambulance sent for? Judge-" Yes."

Position of patient 4 Digital Pressure. Tourniquet 10

Treat insensibility 10

Enquiry-Wounds of head or fractured skull ?Judge-" No.".....· 3

Carefully examine left leg-wound... 5 Judge.-" There is a fracture."

Treatment of wound 7

Treatment of fracture and Shock... 10

Enquiry-Whether dining car on train? 3 Judge. - Yes.

Judge.-Patient is now unconsciousTreatment... 2

Enquiry-Other injured?... 2 Judge .u Yes, already attended to.')

CARD" C."

Prepare stretcher Loading and unloading Carrying (c ross stile ) and care en route Judge. - Doctor now in charge.

marks

-FIRST

day they retain 75 per cent. of their collection. It does not seem to be realised that District Headquarters and other establishment charges have to be met, and unless funds are provided for these purposes by Divisions, where is the money to be obtained?

Nearly 44,000 scho:)l children and more than 26,000 employees of shops and factories have received free advice in the last twelve months from physicians through health talks arranged by Mrs. Katherine L. Sanders, director of the Brooklyn, N.Y., Chapter's SpeakfIs' Bureau. With help afforded by radio, these talks have reached an estimated audience of 586,000 in th e last yea.r.

We are extremely glad to note that influential journal 7he Colliery Guardz'an is taking up the question of the prevention of in mines. It stands to reason, says a leading article of the issue of the journal dated January 19th, that the man on the job will at tirr..es discover means for improving the tools with which he works, for overcoming more effectively the inherent difficulties of his work, and for rendering the latter less dangerous to himself and others.

With the object of providing some encouragement to such men, the proprietors of 71z e Colliery Guardian propose to offer prizes, to be competed for by working miners and officials up to and including those holding the post of deputy, for the best suggestion for devices for the promo · tion of safety and the prevention of accidents below ground in coal mines.

Since 1914, according to a report of the Establishment Committ€e of the London County Council, the staff of the ambulance service has lI..ore than doubled, and the number of calls in a year has increased from 2,405 to 20,879. Cons e quwt on this development, the Committee submitted, among other recom mendations, one for increasing the salary of the deputy officer in charge of the service to £400 a year, rising by annual increments of £25 to £660.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

St. John Ambulance

Brigade Supplement.

Francis Rivers.

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of the Order

St. fohn'S Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E. C., 2nd March, I9 2 J.

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England:-

As Lady of fust£ce (from Lady of Grace) : The Countess of Harewood.

As Honorary Cltajlain. His Beatitude, Damianos, K B.E., Patriarch of Jerusalem and all Palestine.

As I(nights of Grace:

Colonel Sir William Robert Smith, M.D.

Senator The Hon. David Bennie Hewat, M.B.

Herbert George Tymms, M.B., F.RC.S.

The Viscount Lascelles, KG., D.S.O.

The Lord Blythswood, M.V.O.

Sir James Readhead, Bt.

George Cyril Cassels.

Harry Charles Luke.

Colonel WIlliam Cuthbert Blackett, C.B.E.

Ridley Warham.

Samuel Hare, O.B.E.

John Thomac; Batey.

As Ladies of Grace:

Constance Sibell, The Countess of Shaftesbury.

Maud, The Lady Henry Nevill.

Julia, Mrs. Warde-Aldham, M.B.E., A.R.RC.

Ivy Muriel. Mrs. Austen Chamberlain.

The Lady Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon.

As Honorary Se1'ving Brothers.

Andrew John MacWilliam.

Several corre spondents have written to us disapproving of the terms upon which the collection is to be divided as a result of e Brigade Day," pointing out that each Division should say what is to become of th e money so obtained. It must be r emembered that Corps or Divisions are only asked to set aside one day in the year for the benefit of the Brigade as a whole, and on this particular

It is announced officially that Sir John Goodwin will retire from the position of Director·General, A. M. S., as from July 29th next, when he will be succeeded by Sir William B. Leishman, Professor of Pathology at the Royal Army Medical School, and later Professor of Pathology at the Royal Army Medical College. Sir William Leishman has served as President of the Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, and as a member of the West Africa Fever Commission and of the Medical and Sanitary Committee of West Africa.

John Dewhirst Broughton.

John Henry Philip Batt.

Henry Banks.

Joseph Burley.

Samuel Coulton.

Walter Dyson.

Frank Dillam.

Walter Farnworth.

John Brunswick Hardy.

George Henry Hartley.

Stephen James Silverwood Hindle.

George Henry Oakes.

Thomas Pilkington

Henry Stevenson.

Harry Halford Wilkins.

As Honorary Serving Sisters:

Emily Hannah, 1\lrs. Adams.

Christiana, Mrs. Makinson.

As Honorary Associates.

Henry Ingledw Daggett, M. B. Frederick George Salter. As Donats.

Ellen, Countess of Desart (with Silver Badge).

Captain Lawrence Lazarus Franks ( with Bronze Badge).

Appointments, Etc.

FEBRUARY 1923.

The Rt. Han. the late Earl of Plymouth, Sub-Prior, acting on behalf of H.R.H., the Grand Prior, has sanctioned the following appointments :-

Assistant Commissioner A. Vernon Davies, O.B.E., M.n., to be ComnJissioner No. 8 District, St. John Ambulance Brigade, 16.2.23

District Officer Alex Reginald Towerey to be acting Assistant Commissioner for the County of Wilts. 16.2.23

District Officer Bernard Hemphrey, M.B.E., to be Acting Assistant Commissioner NO.1 1 District.

District Officer Brigadier General Ernest Augustus Tudor Tudor, C.M.G., to be Acting Assistant Commissioner for the County of Surrey, 162.23

Divisional Surg-eon James Henry Gilbertson, M.RC.S., L.R.C.P., to be Assistant Commissioner for the County of Hertford, 16.2.23

Divisional Surgeon WillIam Henry Francis Noble, L.M.S.S.A., to be Acting Assistant Commissioner for the County of Kent, 16.2.23

Sir Robert Tate, K.B.E., to be Acting Assistant CommissiOller 12 District, 16.2.22

Major Edmund Dease to be Assistant Commissioner, No. 12 District, 16.2.23

The resignation of the following Superior Officers of the Brigade have been accepted with with very great regret :Commissioner Charles Cotton, O. B.E., F.R.C.P.E., No. 8 District.

Commissioner John S. Griffiths, D.L., l'.I.R.C.S" No. II District.

Commissioner Colonel E. Cureton, V.D., M.D., NO.7 District.

Assistant Commissioner F. Sprawson, No.2 District.

- FIRst AID &. tHE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

Reference to B.O.307 Districts Supts. appointed prior to the date of such Order retain the rank to which they were appointed. I t was not intended that B O.307 should be retrospective in the case of District Supts.

No. I DISTRICT.

The Chief Commissioner has sanctioned the division of No. I ( Prince of Wales's) District into five areas as follows; -Eastern, Western, N ortbern, Central, Southern. B.O. 385 will be am ended to apply to No. Dlstnct.

The Chi e f Commissioner has sanctioned the followiug appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations ;-

PRINCE OF WALES'S DISTRI CT.

Ladv District Officer 1\1rs. Calvin Lines resigned, 23 2.23

E<lst Croydon and Add iscom be Division.-Ru:h C. Townsend, M.B., B.S., to be Lady Divisional Surgeon, 5.2.23, vice Dr. J. Thompson resigned.

Ambulance Sister Ethel Margaret Rosher to be Ambulance Officer, 26.1.16

No. 23 (N orw0nd and Crystal Palace ) Division.-Sergt.

J obn Harber to be Ambulance Officer, 2.2.23

London Post Office Corps.-Divisional Supt. George Gerhold to be Corps Supt., 1.1.23

Divisionol Surgeon K enneth Fraser Lund, M.B . L.R.c.P., to be Corps Surgeon, 1.1.23

London Post Office Corps (Mou nt Pleasant Division).Ambulance Officer Albert George Haywood to be Divisional Supt., 1.I.23

London Post Offi c e Corp:; (Nor th Western District Office Division)-Ambulance Officer Alexander Franklin Hall to be Divisional Supt., 1.1.23

London Post Office Corps (King Edward Buildings Div ision).-Ambula nce Officer William Alfred Rushmere to be Divisional Supt., 1.1.23

South Metropolitan Gas Company Corps.-Lt. Colonel

Robert James William Oswald, M.R.C.S., L.R C.P , to be Corps Surg eon, 1. 1. 2 3

Divisional Supt. William Henry George Butcher to be Corps Supt., 1.1.23

Stoke Newington Division.-Leonard Herbert to be Divisional Supt., 13.1.23

No. 2 DISTRICT.

Calmore Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Rose Beatrice Gulliver to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 18.2.23, vice Mrs. Tidman resigned

Cheltenham Corp.> (Chelt enha m Division).-Divisional Supt. G. Walch resigned, ]6 .2.23

Lymington Nursing DivislOn.-Lady Ambulance Officer

Meriel Augusta Morant Alexander to be Lady Divisional Supt., 10.2.23, vice Chinery resigned.

"Portsmouth Ambulance Division.-Herbert Henry Warren M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 2.2.23

No. 3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Nursing Corps.-Lady Corps Officer T. Grainger transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 1.2.23

Birmingham Nursing Corps ( Central Nursing Division ).Jessie Jane Stooke, L.l<..C.P., D.P.H., to by Lady Divisional Sur g eon, 26.3.23

Birmingham Corps (Headquarte rs Division).-Dr. Nicol to be Divisional Surgeon, 3 2.23

Birmingham Corps (Ki n g's Heath Division).-Dennis Stokes, M.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 3 2 23

Ambulance Officer Edward Moreland Parsey to be Divisional Supt., 3 2.23

Pte. Wilham Daniel Charles Craven to be Ambulance Officer, 3.2.23

Birmingham Corps (Smethwi,k Dividion).-Divisional Surgeon Dr. Pitt resigned, 21.2 23

Dudley and District Corps.-Reserve Corps Supt. G. N. Raybould transferred to the Active List, 2I.2.23

Loughborough Nursing Division. Ambulance Sister Olga Dalby to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 10.2.23

Leicester Corps (Leicester Nursing Divislon) .- Anlbulance

Sister Mary Winifred Bates to be Lady Divisional Supt.,

25.1.23, vice Miss Stanyon resig-ned.

Ambulance Sister Hilda Smith Bailey to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 21.2.23, vice Miss Mackley resigned.

Three Spires Nursing Division_-Lady Ambulance Officer

Mrs. M. Matthews resigned, 23.2.23

Warwickshire Corps.-Captain J ame Pirie, M.D , to be Corps Surg eon, 16.2.23

Divisional Supt. Wilham Verrier to be Corps Supt.,

24. 2 2 3

Divisional Supt. William Andrew Hirons to be Corps Officer, 142 23

Div iSional Supt. Albert Charl es Wilkins to be Corps Officer, 15.2.23

No. 4 DISTRICT.

Birkenhead Corps. - Corps Officer E. Pickard resigned'

1.3. 2 3

Birkdale Nursing Division.-Lady Ambillance Officer

Winifred Cockshott to be Lady Divisional Supt., 8.2.23

Bolton Corps.-Division Surgeon William Harvey Bennett, M.R.CS., L.R.C.P , to be Corps Surgeon, I2 .2.23

Brierfield Division.-Pte. John Hodgson to be DiviSIOnal Supt., 1.2.23, vice Supt. H. Holt transferred to the Brigade Reserve.

Chorley Division .-John Rigby, l\1.B., Ch.B" to be Divisional Surgeon, 12.2.23, vice Dr. A. resigned.

Colne Division. -A mbulance Officer J. Stephenson resigned, 16.2.23

Crewe Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Ethel

Bessie Hughes to be Lady Divisional Supt., 8.2 .2 3

Liverpool Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Isabella Stewart to be Lady Ambul a nce Officer, 8.2.23

Liverpool North Nursing Division.-Hannah Shatwell to be Nursing Officer, 3· I, 2 3

Manchester and Salford C:;orps (Gor ton Division).-E.

Fullerton, M,B., Ch.B .• to be DlvislOnal Surgeon, 6.12.22

Preston Corps (P reston Nursing Division ).-P Rustin, M.B., B.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, ]9.2.23

Preston Corps ( Leyland Nursing Div sion ).- Lady Supt.

A. Gardner resigned, 28.2.23

Todmorden Division.-Supt. T. Sutcliffe resigned, 13 2 23

Wat erloo Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Mary Jardalla to be Lady Ambulance Officer, J.t 2.23, vice N. Ashton resigned.

NO.5 DISTRICT

Dewsbury and District Corps ( Batley Division ) -Ambulance Officer Horace Horne to be Divisional Supt., 14. 2.23

Earby Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Nellie Greenwood to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 8.2.23

Eiland Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer K. Rollinson resigned, 8.3.23

Hebden Bridge Corps ( Hebden Bridge Nursing Division).

Ambulance Sister Martha Astin to be Lady Divisional Supt., 22.12.22

Lincoln Corps. - Corps Surgeon and Supt. R. Ashleigh resigned as Corps Supt., 232.23

Longton and District Corps ( Fenton Division ).-Ambulance Officer Moses Stevenson to be Divisional Supt., 22.2.23

Morley District Corps ( Morley Nursing Divieion);Ambulance Sister Ethel Gomersal to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 27.1 I.22

Ambulance Sister Ethel Sedgwick to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 28. I 1. 22

New Hucknall Collieries Corps.-Divisiona l Supt. Percy

Francis Day to be Corps Supt., 28 1.23

Corps Officer Eric William Lane reverted to Divisional Supt. and appointed to the Bentinck Division at own request,

Sheffield Corps.-Divisional Supt. Charles Herbert Forster to be Corps Officer, 19 2.23

Divisional Supt. William Alfred Browne to be Corps Officer, 29.2.23

- PtR.sf Alb & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

Shipley and District Corps (Shipley Nursing Division).Dorothy Bryant, M. E., Ch.B , to be Lady Divisional Surgeon, 25.1. 23

Sutton-in-Ashfield Division.-Jobn Young, M.B., B.Ch., to be Divisional Surgeon, 24.1.23

No.6 DISTRICT.

Lady Corps Officer Atkinson, A.R.R.C, to be Lady District Officer, 27.1.23

Hull.C orps.-Pte. Arthur Westerdale to be Corps Sergeant Major, IO.2.23

Murton Colliery Division.-William Cuthbert Murtay to be Divisional Supt., 28.2.23

Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps (Gosforth Nursing Division).Lady Ambulance Officer Dora Blanche Forster to be Lady Divisional Supt., 2 £.2.23. vice Mrs. Edg-e resigned.

North Durham Corps (Felling Colliery Division ).- Ambulance Officer G. Rooney resigned. 28.2.23

North Durham Corps (Wardley Colliery Division )

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Camborne Division.-Ambulance Officer Edward Ernest Chaffe to be Divisional Supt., 262.23

Dorchester Divis io n.-Pte. Charles Henry Pinfold to be Ambulance Officer, 13 2 23

Parkstone NurslOg Division. - Samuel W. Coombs, F.R.C.S.E., to be Divis io nal Surgeon, 24.2.23

Redruth Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Helena Beatrice Gee to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 29.1. 2 3

Sherwell Nursing D ivisio n.-Ambulan c e Sister Mary Day to be Nursing Officer, I3 2.23

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Aldeburgh Nursing D ivision.-C harles Dudley Somers, M.A., M.B., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 11.1. 2 3

Augusta Mary Parker to be Lady Divisional Supt., 11.1. 2 3

Katie Mildred Moore to be Nursing Officer, 12.1.23

MEEIlNG OF THE ST. JOHN AMBULANC E BRIGADE COr.l r.IIT1 EE IN THE COUNCIL CH,\:\IllER, ST. GATE.

Left to right ;-Mr. S. W. Malkin, Col. C. I. Ellis, Mr. E. A. Richards, Rev. W. Dore Rudgard, Lady Perrott (Lady Supt. in Chief), Mr. C. Cotton, Mr. W. H. Winny, Col. G. A. Moore (D eputy Chief Commissioner), Col. Sir J. R. A. Clark (Chief Commissioner), Major Darvil Smith (Secr etary ), Major J. F. C. Hossack.

-Al exander Benham Stich, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 6.1.23

NO·7 DISTRICT.

Corps Surgeon and Supt. Mackie, M.B., C.M , to be County Surgeon for Shropshire, 5.2.23

NO.8. DISTRICT.

Lady Corps Supt- Lady Constance Mary Knowles to be Lady D is trict Officer for the County of Surrey, 28. I.23

Folkestone Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon H. Evans resigned, I6 .2 .23 ., Guildford Corps (Guildford Dlvlslon).-Ambulance Sister Annie Draper to be Offic:r, 4 2 2 3 Reigate Corps ( Redhill and Relgate Nursmg DlvlslOn):Ambulance Sister Eleanor Emma Scott Basden to be Nursmg Officer, 26.2.23

Teynham Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Beatrice May 'rumell to be Nursing Officer, 9. 2 2 3

Helen Jane G rey Hooper to be Lady Ambulanc e Officer, 11.1. 23

Ipswich Corps (B eecholme Nursing

Sister Ethel May Hart to be Lady Divisional SllPt., 8.1. 2 3

Ambulance Sister Frances Wilson to be Lady AmbUlance Officer, 8.2.23

Ipswich Corps (Broadwater Nursing Division).-Ambulance Sister Florence Kilen Parkington to be Lady Divisional Supt., ro.2.23

Ipswich Corps (Gi ppeswyk D ivision) -S ergt. Joseph JOJn Bird to be Ambuladce Officer, 26.2.23

Moka Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Beatrice Marie Hossack to be Lady Divisional Supt., I. 1. 2 3

No. I DISTRICT.

Hastings Division.-Sergt. Richard Newman to be Ambulance Offi cer, 30.1.23

Tonbridge Division.- George William Neal to be Ambulance Officer, 29.1.23

F1RST

Atl) & 'tHE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :-

PRINCE OF VvTALES'S DISTRICT.

London Post Office Corps.-Sanctioned, 1.

South l\letropolitan Gas Co. 1.1. 23

Finsbury Cadet Nursing D jvision.-SanctlOned, 5. 12 22

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Chipping Norton Division.-Disbanded, 4.3. 23

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Aldridge Division.-Sanctioned, 1.8.21

Small Heath Divlsion.-Sanctioned, 23.3. 2 3

Wigston Magna Nursing Division.-Dlsbanded, 2I.2.23

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Chorley Cadey Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 28.2.23

Elmfield Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 2I.2.23

Barrowford Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 21.2.23

Coppull Division.-Disbanded 21.2.23

Read Division.-Re-named Read and Division, 21.2.23

No. 5 DISTRICT.

orth Bierley Cadet DIVISion. -7.2.23

Barnsley Nursing Division.--Disbancted, 1.3 2'3

Tanshelf Division.-Disbanded, 1.}23

NO.6 DISTRICT.

H. & B.Ry. (Al exandra Dock Division.-Re-named Alexandra Dock Division, 28.2.23

NO.9 DIsrRIcr.

Dorchester Cadet Div:sion.-S3.uctioned, 6.2.23

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Aldeburgh Nursing Division. -Sanctioned, 11.1. 23

No. 12 DISTRICT.

Midland W.R.) Division. -Sanctioned, 1.2.23

DEATHS.

Divisional Surgeon C. Statham, No. 10 St. Mark's Division, 6.3. 2 3

Corps Surgeon E. Dando and Corps Officer W. Oakden, Dudley ond District Corps, 19.1. 23

Corps Surgeon B. Edwards, Bnghouse 23. 2 21

DiVisional Surgeon I. Howden, Dover DIVISion, 27. 2 2 3

JAMES R. A. CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

A Needle Embedded Under The Skin.

Should a needle break in a patient's skin, The First Aid work will now begin.

Seek not to extract, 'tis not your work, There are other things, which you may not shirk, Cover the wound with sterilised lint, If near a joint, rest the limb on a splint

Should the patient feel faint, after Sips of Sal Volatile will not be amiss.

Then take or direct to the nearest M.D., Also the broken p iece, lest he Having done this, you .may th en

Leaving the case to skill that IS higher. A. WILKIN'.

III resp o nse to frequent r equest s by rEaders ?f FIRST

AID Messrs. Bale Sons & Danielsson (8 3, Great Tltchfi eldW. 1.), are arranging to out in folder complete sets of specimen CompetltlOn T ests They hop_ to publish the first of the seri es (by Dr. Corbet Fletcher) at the end of March. E1Ch folder will contain stretcher, individual and question tests, such as are set in competitions, and will be publi.;hed at 3d. net.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

THE follow ing telegram was desp..ltched on Thursday, February 8th, I923, to Commandant Royal Highness Princess Mary, Viscountess Lascelles, at Chest e rfield House :-

"V.A.D. Headqualters' Staff representing Voluntary Aid Detachments of the send their humble duty and congratulatLOns to Commandant Her Royal Highness Princess Mary Viscountess LasceJJes on auspicious event.

"MARGARET AMPTHILL BERYL OLIVER.

DIANA BROUGHAM."

The following answer wa.s received :-

March, 1923. -FIRST

Hospital, served at the Dardanelles and in Egypt during the war.

Miss Florence George, trained at Sheffield Royal Hospital, and served during the war as L'ldy Supt. of the Cedars Auxiliary Military Hospital, Blttersea. She was a year or two 2g0 asked by Queen Sophie of Greece to carry out six months' work with the Greej Army, and six months as head of the Welfare Centre of the Sllonica Patriotic League. She speaks Greek.

Miss Agnes Gray, train e d at th e Royal Southern Hospital, Liverpool, was in charge of the Drill Hall Auxiliary Hospital, Cranbrook, during the war. She holds the C. M B. certificate.

Dlme Sarah SwJt SlW these ladies and exp lained to them precisely what the nature of the duties would be at Ath ens, where she had resided for some years.

The V.A.D. m emb ers were:

5 J.A.B. Cadet.

IT will be remembered in our November Issue We were aJle to introduce to our readers Master St. John, and that we hint e d thit soon we should be able to assist in the debut of Miss St. John She, however, proved to be somewhat shy and some difficulty was experienced in getting a photo of this coy young lady.

It was therefore necessary to wait the opportunity of a picture when she was not looking, we are exceedingly satisfied with the

The two Sketches show the style of the costumesthere is little l e ft for us to describe except the colour and the materials used.

The colour is a beautiful shade of grey and to ensure

"

I so deeply appreciate your kind congratulations to me on the birth of our soo. Please convey my grateful thanks to all Members of Voluntary Aid Dt'tachm e nts of the Empire. MARY."

CENTRAL JOINT V.A.D. COUNCIL.

The first meeting of the new Central Joint V.A.D. Council, which was recently re.constituted from the former Central Joint V.A.D. CommIttee was held at the War Office on February 21 st. Lord Derby, Secretary of for 'War, in we lcoming the members, announced t.hat In addition to the grant already made, they had receiv e d a fUi ther sum of £600 towards expe nses, made up as follows :-From the Admiralty, £100; the War Office, £4 00 ; and from the Air Ministry, ,£100.

Sir Humphry Davy Rolleston, K.C.B., C B., M.A., M. D., Hon. D. C. L. Durham, F. R C. P., was unanimously elected as Chairman of th e Council.

It was decided to set up a Finance Committee composed of the following :-Lady Ampthill, James. Clark, Colonel Riley, Sir Edward Ste wart, Major Reddle, and Mr. McBain (Secre tary). It was also arraog e d that not fewtr' than four meetings of the Council should be held annually.

Sir Humphr e y Davy Rolleston was born in 1862, and is a member of the Medical Administrative Committee of the Royal Air Force. Vlsit.or Kin.g Edward V.II. I:i?spital Fund' Enminer on MedIcine 10 the UmversltIes of and Bristol, and an Hon. the Medical Association and, of the ASSOCiatIon of MIlrtary Surgeons of the United States. During the War he was a temporary Surgeon Rear·Admiral of the Navy, 19 19. and h e is a member of the MedIcal Consultative Board for the Navy, Colonial Office Committee of Medical Services and Chairman of the Ministry of Health's Committee on Medical Records. He is Chairman of the Royal College of Physicians.

A small unit has been despatched from the V. A. D. Departm ent , 19, Berkeley-street, to carry out work in Gre e5e

The party consisted of :E. F. FairQairn, RRC., form erl y Acting Matron, T. A.S.N. Miss Fairbairn, who was trained at the London

Mrs. Edith Isaac, RRC., Surrey II 6. Isaac s erved in France from August, 1915, to August, 1919, and holds the 1915 Star, and British War and Victory Medals. She has since served for one year Sp:;cial Surgical Hospital, Shepherds Bush, under the Mimstry of Pensions. She holds two Scarlet Efficiency Stripes.

Mrs. Ellen Lois Eames, London 2 (6. Served during the war in Salonica, Mesopotamia and In :iia, an d has since been at th e Special Surgical Hospital, Shepherds Bush. She holds the British War and Victory Medals. Mrs. Eames is a train ed shorthand typ e writp,r.

Miss Marion Compton, London 110. S erve d at the 3 rd London General H03pital from 19' 5 to 1920, being promoted to th e rank of Nurse, and has since worked at the Sp ecial Surgical Hospital, Sbepherds Bush.

It is understood that in the first instance these ladies will proceed to a large Refug Camp at Piraeus for Relief work.

The following letter has been receive d from an exV.AD. member who welt out to Canada early in 1922 with her childr en This member has served from the beginning of 19£7 onwards as a pack and linen storekeeper at the 2nd Western General Hospital, Manchester. It is gratifying to see th e manner in which our members have benefited und e r the Ov ersea s Settlement scheme.

London, Ontario, Canada.

3°.1. 2 3.

"I received your letter and want to thank the S ettl e ment Committ ee for th e ir goo d wish e s to m e . I am glad to say we are all well and very happy in our new home. My girls got work the day after we landed in London and are still in the same plac e. I r e n te d a house wh e n first we came, but I saw oth er s buyin g lots and building their own houses, and I didn't see why I shouldn't do the same; so I bought a lot and got my house built and we came to live in it on the 17th of April, 1922, just ten months to the day that we sailed from Liverp )01. I have two more plyments to make and th e n th e house is my own. I thank the Ove rsea Settlement Committee for their kindness, and if I can do anything to show my gratitude I shall always De willing. "

When corresponding with Advertise.rs please mention "Firit Aid."

getting this we understand a large quantity of the cloth has had to be specially dyed and will only be obtained at the London Headquarten. The hat is a smart shap e and will be comfortable and serviceable.

The coat is a good warm cloth. The overall IS material with white detachable sleeves.

The caps is of fine cam brie.

Price Lists-giving measurements according to age can be obtained from the Director of Stores, St. John'sGate, Clerkenwell, London, E C. 1.

Lengths of materials and paper patterns will also be supplied-but we understan'i that tile made garments are belOg supplied at almost factory cost, in order to ensure correct plttern and uniformity.

So far we are unable to find that Master and Miss St. John have yet met and we shall be interested to know what they have to say to one another upon introduction. Bradford had the first Boy Cadet Division, and I can hear them saying-" Shall us, when they see these pict\lres, We are waiting f9T the Girl Cadets

To the Members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade

EIGHT years allo I produced a harmless vegetable antiseptic, based upon the active principle of garlic, which has since proved capable of destroying disease germs within the body, without risk of injury to delicate internal organs. One of the first uses it was put to was the treatment of suppurating war wounds in a well-known London hospital. It has also proved unrivalled to dress wounds, sores, arrest blood-poisoning, gangrene, and promote healthy and rapid granulation My antiseptic, chemically known as trimethenal allylic carbide, or simply 'YadiJ,' has been used by thousands of doctors in all parts of the Empire, and their reports prove that our so-called diseases are merely symptoms of one cummon disorder, internal in[!!Ction. Yadil' destroys the infection and the I!erms which cause it, and the symptoms disappear. I t is a ll very si mple.

Amongst the earliest men who tested 'Yadil' and proved its value in septic wounds. sores and bruises, was Mr. Frank Phillips, of Barrow-inFurness. For several years Mr. Phillips ordered 'Yadll' from me at regular prices. His letters are one 10Dg record of extraordinary success in the service of Messrs. Vickers Limited, Barrow-inFurness, ",here he was doing First-Aid work. In time I asked him to become a special representative for me in Lancashire. He quickly made good, and it was possible for me to secure the services of another member of the S.J .A.B., Mr. Nowell Cochrane, of Oldham.

Their enthusiasm, loyalty, practical knowledge, and the splendid work they are doing for hundreds of sufferers all over Lancashire and part of Yorkshire has convinced me that the best men I could se c ure as sper:ia representatives to instruct the publ ic how to use 'Yadil' to safeguard their health, and keep themselves free from infectious diseases, are members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. I t is my hope that in tIme I may build up an organisation of qualified men, covering the whole country.

Meanwhile, every reader of FIRST AID can help me in my campaign against disease by g etting fully acquainted with 'Yacil' and its merits. This can be done by securing a copy of THE YADIL BOOK and reading it carefully from beginning to end. Therein you will find reports of success covering every known micro-organic disorder, such as consumption, pneumonia, bronchit is, pleurisy, scarlet fever, whooping cough, typhoid fever, malaria,

, Yadil' is prepare d by Messrs. Clement and JohnsCiJn Limited, Research Medical Chemists, 19, Sicilian-a,enue, London, W. C I.

It is obtainable from all Chemists and Stores in amber bot tle s, under c0rn-coloured wrapper" with nam e, size and price plainly printed in hlack letters. 2 oz. 2 / -; 60z, 3 6 ; Pint, 9/6; Quart, 17/-.

erysipelas, lupus, hip a.seases, and others too numerous to mention. extraordinary results are easIly explained by the fact that' Yadil' destroys all disease-germs, wherever they may be in the body, just as carbolic acid destroys diseasegerms in dust-bins and drains. You would not use a dozen different disinfectants to destroy the many forms of bacteria in dust-bins, but only one, and you would use but one insect powder to free a build ing of all insects. So why not use one antiseptic to destroy in the human body the many kinds of germs which cause disease?

A copy of THE YADIL BOOK is sent post-free in return for the card enclosed with every 6 oz. and larger size of 'Yadil.' After you have read the book and studied the J27 Treatments sent to me by doctors, you will be convinced that' Yadil' is worth using and recommending.

You all know a number of people who suffer chronic disorders, such as catarrh, bronchiti!", consumption, ulcers, inflammation or suppuration of some kind or other, lupus, etc. Recommend 'Yadil' to them and see how quickly it will relieve and free them of their sufferings. You will then realise that my discovery is a great boon to humanity.

If every reader of FIRST AID was able to induce ten or twelve sufferers to get a 6 oz bottle and a copy of THE YADIL BOOK during the next four weeks, 1 would be in a position to at once select a dozen First·Aid men as special representatives in various parts of the country. This organisation would increase gradually until it becomes a thousand strong. As I am far from rich I can only proceed as my bu,iness develops.

There are hundreds of First-Aid men in Lancashire, Yorkshire and other parts of the country now using' Yadil' in their welfare wOlk. They know what it can do, and will gladly tell you if you ask them.

Read what Mr. Phillips and Mr. Cochrane say of my antiseptic.

I have unbounded confidence in the members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. They are anxious to help sufferers and volunteer their time and money for that purpose. This is why my representatives are so enthusiastic about' Yadil.' They know that it saves life and pain.

There i; no card for THE YADIL BOOK with the 2 oz. size "Yaail' Ointment, 1 oz. tin, 1/3; 8 oz. jar, 8/3. A 6 oz. size is enough to prevent or cure pneumonia, scarlet fever, measles and similar infections. Con£umption in the first stage requires only two or three pints, and advanced cases a little more. It is the most economical

of treatment ever produced. It is not possible to give free samples, owing to the high cost of natural essential oil of garlic. If l oca l chemists are out of stock. they can promptly get a supply from their wr.olesalers. I am ill-equipped to handle orders by post, which increases the cost by the postage, which is Sd. for 2 oz., for 6 oz. , 1/- for Pint and 1/3 for Quart.

Send your name and address for post free booklet on 'YADIL.'

• In "Why I believe 'Y ADIL' ANTISEPTIC"

Two Members of the S.d.A.B. give their experiences.

Mr. Frank Phillips, of Barrow, writes;-

" I am probably one of the first users of 'Yadil' outside of the medical profession. I became acquainted with its healing properties over five years ago. It was demonstrated in my own family in a long-standing chronic case of ulcer on the eye, which threatened the sight. Previous treatments had been useless. The result with 'Yadil' was so remarkable that neighbours talked about it, and it was not long before a colony of 'Yadil' users grew up in Barrow. Whilst at Vickers Limited, I was able to make good use of Yadil' Antiseptic and the Ointment, a nd have yet to find anything better for burns, cuts, wounds, sores, etc. I have dressed some thousands of cases, and' Yadil' has nt:ver failed me.

"Since representing' Yadil' in this district, I have been further delighted at results obtained with it. Consumption, ulcers, fevers, whooping cough, bad legs, blood'poisoning, even toothache, all seem equally curable with' Yadil.'

"One case in particular is typical of the powers of 'Yadil.' A young woman with pneumonia and pleurisy, with every symptom of galloping consumption, was pronounced by three doctors as a hopeless case, without a chance of recovery. She was put on 'Yadil,' teaspoonful doses three or four times daily. Inside of three weeks, to the astonishment of the three doctors she was out for walks.

" I know a man who for two years was laid up with consumption of the spine. A famous surgeon in Liverpool had him under his care for six months, without success. Others had failed before. 'Yadil' put him back on his feet and he is now at work.

experience that 'Yadil' supersedes IOdme as a dressmg because it is more reliable. Moreover it does not corrode the tin of the First-Aid Outfit."

F. P.

Mr. Nowell Cochrane, of Oldham, writes;-

"I first used 'Yadil in 1921 for throat catarrh and malaria, having previously been under medical treatment for two years. I was completely cured. I put 'Yadil' into my private ambulance case, which I always carried at my work. I found that a dressing of gauze soaked with 'Yadil ' and held in place with strapping, gave quicker healing results and was more comfortable than the usual bulky dressings. This method was greatly welcomed by the operatives, as it enabled them to continue their work which the ordinary bandage prevented. I have seen excellent results with 'Yadil' in consumption of the throat, pulmonary T.B., abscesses, whitlows, bronchitis, catan h, effects of gas - poisoning, septic poisoning, malaria, wounds, cuts, burns, influenza, measles, etc.

"The following cases illustrate some practical results with' Yadil' :-

"Case 21. Mr. S., age 19.-A young collier, who had suffered several years with tubercular abscesses in the neck. He had done practically no work for two years. Was given a course of 'Yadil' covering four months. The abscesses dried up, appetite returned, be put on weight, and is now back at work, not having lost a day since.

"Case 8. Mr. D., age 2I.-Discharged from sanatorium with pulmonary tuberculosis twelve months ago. Mother said he was a living skeleton. Under' Yadil' he has become a fine, robust young man. Previously he had been ill for over two years.

"Case 17. J. H.-Suffering from effects of gas poisoning. Very bad cough. Recommended to take' YadiL' Cough gone; says he has never felt so well since leaving the Army.

"Case 53. J. W. C.-A life sufferer from bronchitis. Had never been able to go through a winter without severe attacks. Was persu aded to take' Yadil' last year. Has had no recurrence of bronchitis since. Claims this to be the first winter he has enjoyed for years." N. C.

Scientists still seek the elusive germs of disease. ' Y ADIL' has found them long ago and destroys them every time.

When writing state if a member of th e St. John Ambltlance Brigade.

fetters to tbe &ditor.

We are in 110 way restGflsible /01' tile opinions expressed, or tke statements made, b, Conespondcnts.-EDITOR.

THE IMPROVEMENT OF COMPETITIONS.

SIR,-As a competitor who has taken part in many competitions in South Wales during the past eight years, I offer my help towards the improvement of competitions. I note with surprise the various methods employed by doctors when judging competitions, and in my experience I have met the following :-

( r ) The doctor who depends upon his memory from beginning to end of test.

( 2) The doctor who is guided by a few of the chief points of the case.

(3) The doctor who has the whole of the test before him in the way of a marking sheet.

From which of these are we likely to get ju[tice?

To my mind there is no doubt that many a doctor is asked to act as a judge who proves himself to be most unsuitable for the job. Therefore we get the doctor who comes without any marking sheet; but who at the end of ea:h test allots to each team what he thinks fit. We also get the doctor who has an apology for a marking sheet whi:::h consists of a few of what he thinks are the chief points of the case.

I maintain that it should be up to those responsible for arrangements to get a "First Aid Doctor," that is one who, taking the trouble properly to prepare his test, sets out a carefully detailed mal king sheet.

There is nothing so discouraging to a team as to have as judge one who has no marking sheet, and who at the end of the competition just announces the marks. I have known many teams treat test· cases well (according to the Textbook) and yet fail to get a look in. They go from the competition discouraged, not even having been told their mistakes. As competitors we want to get hold of doctors who always have good marking sheets, and who at the end will make a few remarks on the weak points of each team. In this way we shall be encouraged to gu on, and our judges will help to make ambulance competitions what they ought to be.

C.P., near Cardiff.

[Our COl respondent hits the right nail on the head when he puts the blame on "those responsible for arrangements."

First-Aid doctors of the standing he describes are none too numerous. For this reason those in charge of competitions act wisely, when, exercising their" tact and discrimination," they ask the doctors to send their detailed marking sheets in advan ce _Ie for the purpose of typing or multiplymg copies thereof. " Then, if the sheets are faulty or defective, they have the opportunity of giving further play to their "tact and discrimination."-EDlTORJ.

COMPETITIONS.

DEAR SlR,-I have closely followed the correspondence in FIRST Am on the above interesting subject, but it appears to me that financial considerations are partly the cause of the limited" staging," although it is evident that could not have been the reason of the number on "supposed" motor lorry (t".e. table)lin last year'" Inter-Railway Final being marked on end, in chalk, which became practically obliterated after the first team had finished, and evidently dtd not assist any other team in regard to "surroundings," but would have done so had the number been pasted on cardboard.

There is, no doubt, much room for improvement in " staging," but full advantage cannot be taken when these competi lions take at hotels as there are dangers of leakage, if elaborate preparations have to be made beforehand.

I believe it is a fact that last year the practic3.1 individual work and viva voce for the" Dewar" Final, as well as a section of" Perrott" Shield Competition, took place at the same time

AID.- March, 1923

in the same room, only divided by screens. The teams after doing one section, say viva voce, returned to the waiting room to wait their turn to go back in the sarr.e room to do their practical work (individual), it is obvious that any competitor may raise his voice in explanation (to the judge's question), of his treatment of the supposed injury he had treated, or viva voce, which would convey ideas to other competitors and be a decided advantage if they have not already been through the test, although I do not suggest such advantage actually occurred last year.

Many of us could not understand why there were two judges taking the stretcher test in the "Dewar" contest, and It appeared to cause confusion to both competitors and judges, as a matter of fact your report only shows one judge for this section, which, in my opinion, is quite sufficient if the attention of the judge is not diverted, whilst he is at the task in hand. It is recognised that a good judge is just as keen to see every point good or bad, as the competitors are to come out on top.

As a rule, the judges and competitors are in London the previous night of these finals, and it should be possible for all concerned to be at the rendezvous at 9 a.m. and commence at once with viva voce, then practical individual, followed by the stretcher test, or the two latter could be reversed, if necessary. This would give more time to complete the competitions within the time arranged, and would do away with the feeling existing amongst spectators and competitors. Alike that more consideration is given, by those in charge of the arrangements, to be ready for the presentation of the trophies, than to give equal patience to the teams, who are unfortunate in the "draw," and are the last teams competing.

I think you will agree that it is very desirable to have !>eparate rooms for each test, if more than one section is going on at the same time, and in regard to the competitors using the material from their own pouchfs as the conditions state, the appliances, etc., " First Aiders" require ( in the finals) will be provided, and everything that the judge expecls to be used should be available, and the competitors penalised if they make use of their own material. I understand some years this rule is strictly enforced, and the teams breaking same lose marks heavily whilst at other times little notice is taken, but I think it is a rule which should be always enforced in the finals. ONLOOKER.

A Foreign Body in the Ear.

WITH a foreign body in the ear, A patient Ofl' leels somewhat queer. Until a doctol's help can be had, First Aid efforts will not be so bad, I f the patient should be of tender yeors, Mayhap the little hand interferes, Then cover the ear, or the hands down, This may possibly brinz you a frown. An insect may the trouble cause, With oil fill the ear, do not pause, The insect will float without delay, So that you can easily take it away. N ever syringe or probe the ear, Then you will have nothing whatever to fear.

A. WILKIN.

The Rotherham Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade has made application to the Corporation for the purchase or leasing of land in the Masbro' district on which to erect an ambulance hall for the purpose of furthering ambulance work in the town and neighbourhood. A substantial sum of money is already in hand in connection with the building scheme.

March, -FIRST and to eorrespondents.

mill be dealt mitk under tile lolloming rules :-

I.-Letters containin[, Queries must be marked on tke top lett hana corner 0/ Ike envelope "Query," and addressed-F1RsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4.

2. -A II Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut /rot! tke current issue 0/ Ike Journal, or in case oj Queries jrom abroal from a recent issue.

? - The Textbook, to which reference may be made in thfse columnJ is ,he 36th (I920) oj S./.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

METHODS OF ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

A.C. (Bath).-The Textbook teaches three methods of Artificial Respiration-Schafer, Silvester and Laborde. On what grounds should our choice rest when we have to decide one C?f these methods in any case of Asphyxia. I ask thIS question because in a recent competition we were penalised for making Silvester our first choice. Please tell us if you regard this as a just decision.

Yes, I do! Indeed, the decision was strictly in accord with the Textbook which on p. 135 reads-"whatever the cause of cesc;ation of breathing do Schafer'::; method immediately breathinJ[ is possible." Further, on p. 137 I read that the cha1jlge from Schafer to Silvester for a period limited to ten minutes (p. 140) is only indicated (. should sio-m 0/ con;;estio71 be seen ill patient's f!.lce." Lastly, on page 140 I read" when /1 071Z any cause the above metlzods (anllot be can'ied out Laborde's method SllOUld be tried."

From these ins.trucrions r infer that the Textbook regards Schafer as the easiest. most near to natural breatbing, and most effectual of all three methods, a decision which is in accord with the experience of most authorities.-N. CORBET • FLETCHER.

DEFII ITION OF "PRESSURE POINT."

C. R. (Swansea).- The Text-book (p. 8r) gives no definition of a "pressure point" but simply refers us to "numbered dots in FlOntispiece. " Will you, with your customary kindness, supply the lacking information?

A "pressure point" is the point on the surface of head, neck or limbs, firm pressure on which cuts off the flow of arterial blood to supply tissues beyond it. By· theway, pressure IS usually-that IS, wherever possible-directed upon bone, and in all cases can be effected by the thumb.N.C.F.

TRK-\TMENT OF IODINE POISONING.

S.D. (Coventry).-Two difficulties have recently occurred with reference to the Treatment of Iodine Poisoning. (I) The Textbook ,po 154) tells us that, when lips and mouth are "stained or burned" we should give no emetic. If that is so, why is it correct to give an emetic in Ioriine Poisoning when the lips would be stained a deep brown colour?

(2) In the absence of starch what IS the best antidote for a case of Iodine Poisoning? We await your answers with interest ,

(I) An emetic is given because Iodine, being an irritant but not a corrosive poison, is not accompanied by urgent risk of ';1iceration and perforation of stomach wall and because "the stam" of a poison taken by mouth is a mere incident by con-

AID.- I75

trast with the burning of tissues touched by the poison. It is lI?deed the Textbook places the less important sign first because It gives rise to many errors in this connection.

(2) Failing starch and water, arrowroot or gruel or white of egg and water may be given in Iodine poisoning. By the way, do not confuse "Iodme" with Tincture of Iodine with which you disinfect wounds. The former signifies the granules of Iodme whereas the latter is only a 2 per cent. alcoholic solution prepared from Iodine granules.-N. C. F.

TREATMENT OF FRACTl.'RED THIGHS.

C. D: (:'v1anchester).-.The other day we were discussing the Tight course of action when rendering First-Aid to a man With two broken thighs. Some of us suggested treatment as "for a woman," whereby it was thought that the omission of the inner splints would lessen the risk of fractures. Others, however, favoured each ll.mb smgly and separately, because the of the mner splints did not correspond with the mstructlOn of the Textbook (p. 49: par. 6A) so that we doubted If the outer splmts alone could hold the limbs firm enough.

As we failed to agree, we submit the pomt to your rulmg and welcome your decision.

The answer to your query is found in the Textbook (p. 20 and depends on "the help available." If a team of qualified ambulance are on the spot, then undoubtedly the right thing to do IS to treat each limb separately, more especIally as not only will" the risks of aggravation of fracture" be IIlIOlmlsed, but also the subsequent work of the surgeons Will be rendered more easy, both of these being objects of FirstAid which should n ver be forgotten. 1f, howt:ver, one man only was available to treat the case, then he will probably be well adVIsed, If he treats as laid down as p. 6+ -" when singlehand.ed ;); is, if he extend limbs, tie feet together, dispense WIth IDner spltnb, &c., &e,-N .C.F.

RATE OF HEART-BEAT.

B.N. (Hampstead) :-Tbe Textbook (p. 78) tells us that the contracts 72 times per mlDute but that its rate as the positio.n is changed" from the lying to the SlttIDg or standIDg position." Please tell us for which of these three positions the rate of 7z. times per minute holds good.

For each of us there is an average rate of heart beat. The rate of 72 per mlDute is assumed" on the law of average" to be norn:al when we are resting quietly-th'it is without mental or exertion-in a sitting position. The rate usually drops a little when we lie down (68) and rises when we stand up (7 6).-N.C.F.

SOME "BED SORE" PUZZLES.

F. W I shall be pleased to know (r) Whether Alumi· mum. used for bed· sores, (2) if gauze soaked in weak IS used to or stimulate tissues, and (3) what IS t.he dlffe.rence 10 appearance between bed-sores and varicose vems.

(1) Alumininum is a metal and is 110t used in treatment of I .therefore, that you refer to Alum, which IS a of AlumlDlUm and POlassium. The latter coagulates the dlsc.harges from ulcers, sores, &c., and acts as an effiCIent astnngent. I ts use for bed·sores, however is not recommended except under medical a<lvice and (2) Here, agalD, the application of dressings soaked in

March, 1923. -FIRST

AID.-

Bovril is not advisable except under instruction of the doctorin-charge. In short, the treatment of bed-sores, is absolutely beyond the scope of, First-Aid and Home Nursing; and the trained nurse (or nursing sister) is only expected to take certain precautions which will prevent the formation of bed-sores.

I f bedsores {orm, then z'n most z'nstances the nurse has failed in her duties and must report the fact to the doctor who alone is responsible for treatment.

(3) A varicose vein presents the appearance of a thick cord, swollen, tortuous and knotted at different parts of its length. A bed-sore varies considerably in appearance. In its beginning it shows a small local redness of the surf::!.ce as it develops, it exhibits in the centre of the red patch a small break of the skin; if it proceeds, it may closely resemble the bowl -'shaped mouth of a miniature volcano, its edges and base being irregular and covered with foul-smelling sloughs.N.C.F.

A COl\IPETlTION PROBLEM.

W.T. (Y ork ) :-In a recent competition we had to treat a man who, suffering from a compound complicat ed fracture of femur, was stated to be " in a state of extreme collapse." We lost marks because we did not" warn hi.:n to keep still" and tell him that" we know how to treat him." Do you regard the decision as a just one?

A patient" in a state of extreme collapse" is not necessarily unconscious; and clearly you should have made enquiry on this point when you took charge. Incidentally, I expect competitors to .find out for themselves whether a patient is conscious or not-in view of the fact that the Textbook now gives tests for insensibility (p. 127).-N.C.F.

should carry a man on a stretcher without towards bearers; but most authorities agree that, to avoid delay through fatigue, it is wise to change bearers at each quarter of a mile.-N .C.F.

SIGNS OF FRACTURED SKULL.

B. A. (C oventry)-- The signs and symptoms of Fractured Skull rather puzzle me, especially witlt regard to their association with Compression of Brain and the degree of insensibility present. So in my perplexity I ask the favour of your assistance.

The signs and symptoms of Fractured Skull are those of local injury to bone (swelling, irregularity ) with mOle or less complete loss of consciousness, the latter being the evidence ez'ther of dis;turbance of brain (C oncussion) consequent on "the shake up" received or of injury to brain ( Compression ) consequent on increased pressure within the cranium due either to i :ldentation of bone or more usually to e x udation of blood from some torn vessel within the skull.

The state, therefore, of the bra n after the accident determines the degree of insensibility, which may be complete (a nd immediate), partz'al (possibly passing to complete), delayed (possibly passing to partial complete), or even absent In other words, it determines whether patient gives signs of Concussion (pale face, feeble pulse and respiration ) or of Compression (fl ushed face, full pulse and respiration).

Incidentally, it may help you if I point out ( 1 ) that Epilepsy is the one and only condition named in Textbook in which comjJlete loss of consciousness must hzvarz'ably occur, and (2) that z'n all cases pulse and respiration alway5 present the same characteristics, be these normal, rap id or slow, ff"eble or full.

Home Service Ambulances.

THE folluwing Jist of revised charges hac; been issued by the Home Service Ambulance Department of the Jomt Council :-

MOTOR AMBULANCES

Within a 6·mile radius of Charing CrossWith one man (the driver) 125. With two men (driver and attendant) J 55. For journeys to or from places outside the 6 mile radius of Charing Cross, including return journey to garageWith one man, up to 60 miles Id. a mile

" " over 60 miles and under IOO Iod. "

" "" 100" " 200 9d. "

With two men, 2d a mile {:xtra on ab ove r at es

SPECIAL COACH BUILT A MBULA NCE

Within a 6-mile radius of Ch afi ng CrossWith two men (driver and attendant)... 25s.

For journeys to or from places outside the 6-mile radius of Charing Crosf', including ret urn journey to garage-

With two men, up to 30 miles ... IS 6d. a mile

" " over 30 miles and under 60 IS. 4d. "

" " "60,, ,,100 IS. 3d. "

" " "100,, ,,200 Is.2d. "

For journeys over 200 miles, special terms can be arranged.

CQ:\IPOU::\D, COMPLICATED FRACTURE OF FElllUR.

"V.T. (Y ork ) :-In a recent competition we had to treat a man who, while paintinl:;" a station roof, falls and meets with a compound fracture (fragments protruding) of femur complicated by injury to femoral artery. We did not score the marks which the judge had allotted for applying pad over wound and fixing same with a "tight bandage." We welcome your views on this point.

The allotment of marks for applying a tight bandage over a compound, complicated fracture is certainly contrary to the instructions of Textbook (p. 85, par. lob), unless the judge was prepared to give you the hint (upon enquiry) that in the particular case under treatment such pressure would not aggravate the fracture. Further, I note that marks were giv en for applying tourniquet on femoral artery; and I take it that firm pressure might have been indicat ed if this step in treatment had been impossible by reason of high position of fracture.N.C.F.

EXo\l\llNATION OF PA TIE NT DUR ING TRAKSPORT.

W. T. (York) :-In a recent competition we lost marks because we did not lower stretcher and examine patient while conveymg him to 1 " waiting room one hundred yards away." Surely this would be time wasted, especially as the injuries received were very serious. Further, I said we would watch patient very carefully.

The Textbook gives no definite lead as to the distance with i n which the stretcher should be lowered for examination of patient. For this reason your claim that the removal of patient would thereby be unnecessarily delayed is based on sound argument. For myself I regard this step as necessary only in the event of some comp lication or change in condition of patient taking place.

The Textbook is also inciefinite as to how far a squad

I f the base of the skull is involved, blood ( or serum) may (or may not) escape into the eyes or through pharynx into stomach (whence it may be vomited) or it may issue from ear or This esc a pe of blood depends on the site of the fracture in its relationship to the natural openings of the base of skull. Consequently, there may be an exten siv e fracture of base without any hcemorrhage into ear, eye, nose, etc.

On the other hand the signs and symptoms may be very· indefinite. ThUS, in a case, which I once saw, a young man fell down his cellar steps, got up, resumed his work, and only consultetl me three weeks later on account of a thin watery discharge (s erum) from both ears! !-N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF FRACT1JRED THI GH

C. B. (Hull).-In a recent competition marks were lost for not applying an inside splint for a fracture of thigh close to hip-joint and for making the sound leg act as splint. What possible use would an inside splint serve when you cannot apply a bandage above and below the fracture?

Presuming that the c ompetition was conducted on the Textbook I agree that there is some reason i n your argument; but, nevertheless, I consider that the omission of the inside splint was a mistake which was justly and lawfully penalised.

The Textbook gives instructions for its use for" fractures of thigh-bone" when two or more assistants are available and allows no difference in treatment with reference to site of fracture, the precise location of which in an emergency, as a matter of fact, is often most difficult and may indeed only be recognised when the limb is subjected to X -ray examination.

So here again First Aid" plays for safety" and uses the inside splint, in the hope that with a fracture of thig h involving the hip-joint the splint may assist in securing some fixation of tad fracture, even though this be not as complete as might be desired. -N. C .F

When corresponding with Advertiser5 ple&50e mention II Firat Aid ,.

An Extr a charge of 4S. is made for every h o ur, or part of an hour, that the ambulance iE kept waiting.

If th e length of the journey prevents the return of the ambulance durin g the day on which it is hired, the following

For the health worried.

Food for INFANTS. INVALIOS & theAGED#

Benger's Food gives digestive rest with full nourishment, and doctors agree that this in itself is one of the finest nerve restoratives.

THE "ARGENTA" AMBULANCE

CHALLENGE CUP COMPETITION

WILL be held in BLACKPOOL on SATURDAY, MAY 5th, 1923.

Open to Ambulance Corps and Divisi ons in Nos. 4, 5 and 6 Districts.

Fz'rst Prz'ze- The Challenge Cup, valued [,105 , a1ld a medal to each member of squad. Also priz es tor 2nd, 3rd and 4th squads

Prizes kindly given by The Argenta Meat Co., Ltd.

Conditions a'ld Entry Forms will be sent on application to :-

A MB OFFICER GEORGE WILSON, Organising Secretary, 6, BUCHANAN ST., BLACKPOOL.

Restores

In and preserves fatigue health

Members of the St John Ambulance Brigade and all those who engage in First Aid work realise that there is nothing to equal a cup of delicious " Ovaltine II for restoring and preventing fatigue. It is invaluable when long hours have to be worked under unfavourable weather conditions. Containing the recuperative and restorative elements of ripe barley malt. creamy milk , fresh eggs and cocoa, one cup of " Ovaltine " suppli es more nourishment than 12 cups of beef extract, 3 eggs or 7 cu ps of cocoa.

Taken regularly " Ovaltine " gives and maintains health and strength. It should be the daily beverage for everyone in place of tea coffee and other beverages which are merely stimulants.

l2NlC.,.

fOOD BEVERAGE

8uitds.up Brain, nerve and Sold by Ch emists and Stores at £/6 2 6 and 4/6

It is ecol1oJllical to purchase tIle large?' si::;ed tins.

A. WANDER, Ltd., 45, Cowcross St , London, E.C.l.

-FIRST

extra charge s are made: - 5s. per man for each night on the .i Jurney.

The ambulanc e 3 have a very comfortable, well-sprung b')dy, and are equipped with a rugs, pillows, hot · water bottle, sanit::ll y vessel, and sling stretcher for awkward stairway!'. There are f e lts for attendants or relatives.

The coachbuilt ambulance is extremely comfortable, and is specially adapted for long j ourneys. Its equ ip ment consists of a spring b e d, rug'i, pillows, hot water towels, drinking water, sanitary and sling stretcher for awkward stairways. There are seats for attendants or relatives.

A special air bed and a carrying ch'lir can provided on request, without extra charge.

The amount of luggage that can be carried is limited to a small suit-case or handbag.

Communications to be addressed to The Secretary, Horne Service Ambulance Committee, 19, Berkeley-street, London, W.1. Telephon e: Mayfair, 345, E xt. 40.

j\mbulance News euttings.

Tlze Editor illviter .cadc:rs to scud 1tlWstape7' Cllttl1/[!S rll lIIatters of geaer.J.I illterest fJr iJ7 {.·1tsion ill this COIIlIllIl.

FIRST·AID _IC HI S ONLY VICE."

The following strange story was told by a woman at Willesden to-day:-"My husband is a First-Aid man. He neither smokes nor drinks, and this is t!Je "only v ic e " he has; yet. because of it, the landlord wants to tUin him out. He isn't a professional, of course; but if anyone gets hurt, he treats them, and then refers to the nearest vet."-Eve11l17[[ Standard.

DEATH JERK ON A FOOTBALL FJELD.

The sudden jerking of the sp:nal cord while playing- {ootball caused the death of George Atkins, aged I I, at Birmingham.

It was stated at an inquest ye3terday that the boy jumped to head the ball, fell on his back Rnd died. A verdict of "Accidental Death" was recorded. -Daily Express_

D ANGER FRQ:\I THE SEA.

While John Naldrett, a I,-year-old Gosport boy, was playing at home with the detonator of a shell, it suddenly exploded_ He lost all his fingers on one hand, two fingers and thumb on the other, and also burned his chest and face. He had found the d'!tonator on the shores of the harbour and it is believed to have been one of thousands of that had been dumped into the sea.- Westminster Cazette.

CHL OROFORM IN SW EETS

The inquest was resumed on Satu rday on an S-yel.rs-old girl, Sarah l\tuggleton, of Seaton, Llncolnshlre. I twas adjourned a month ago for analysis of con tents of stomach and of some chlorodyne lo ze nges the girl hRd eaten.

Dr. Dyer sa id the sweets contained chloroform, and the

16 eaten by the girl would contain three times the proper dose for a child.

Dr, Wallace said the sweets were of a kind sold generally in shops, but this ch!ld must have been in a weak condition that made her unable to resist the effects of chloroform as other children might have done.

The jury returned a verdict in accordance with the medical evidence, that death was due to gastro-enteritis caus ed by chloroform in the sweets acting on an empty stomach, and added a rider that such sweets should not be sold indiscmni. nately to children. -Daily 111ail

March, 19 2 3 -FIRST AI D.-

Telegrams: "BANGAGRS, BIRMINGHAM.

Telephone: EAST 204. (P.B. Exchange).

AMBULANCE AND FIRST AID" APPLIANCES.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with special reference to good and bad tJoints in 7 reatment-for inclusion in this Column.

EFFICIENCY WITH RESOURCEFULN ESS

The resourcefulnes3 shown by a Sunderland police officer not long ago in the rescue of a three-years-old boy is worthy of record. The child had fallen into the water at the docks; and the constable, lowering h imself down (he woodwork and hang ing by his put out a foot which the boy seized.

The man then, though suspended at full length and with the child clinging to his foot, gradually worked his way to a timber -r aft, on to which he pulled the boy out of the water. The child was none the worse for his immersion.-AB., Sunderland.

TREAnIENT O F GA S ASPHYXIA.

One Sunday some weeks ago I went for a short walk, leaving my wife bus ily engaged cooking dinner on a gas-cooker in the kitchen. Half·an -hour later I returned; and, as I entered the house, I was struck by the strong odour of Ras. Hasten ing to the kitchen, I found that the room was {ull of gas and that my wife was lying unconsc ious on the floor and breathing feebly.

Without delay, I dragged her out of the kitchen into another room, loosened her clothing, opened windows and doors, and commenced Schafer's method of artificial respiration. I called for help in vain and was profoundly relieved when some six minutes later my wife recovered consciousness. Later, she wanted to walk upstairs: but, remembering the warning of a previous "Practical Point," I refused permiSSIOn until some four hours later after she had had a good sound sleep. Next morning the gas-man discovered that a nut was missing from a p pe beneath the stove and that, whenever the ordinary taps were turned on, a free escape of gas took place beneath the stove,-W. T. J., Wealds tone.

Southwark Guardians are to invest igate a complaint made by Mr. W. Westcott with reference to their ambulance service. A man attended the local pensions office in the Borough High-street, and had a fit whilst waiting. As he lived in Southwark, Mr. Westcott telephoned to the local auth.orities for an ambulance to take the man home, but the offiCials refmed to send the ambulance 3S the office of the pensions department was not in Southwark, but Bermondsey.

X.MEMBER wishes to dispose of large size nurses' coat, worn twice, will take £3 or near offer; also grey nurse s dress, £L·-Apply, 70A, Rosslyn Hill, N.W.3.

HOME OFFICE REQUIREMENTS.

SOUTHALL BROS. & BARCLAY (Limited),

Manufacturers of Surgical Dressings, «c., Charford Mills, BIRMINGHAM.

Drinking Fountains a Speciality.

THE OOLLEGE OF AMBULANCE.

President,' H.R. H. THE PRINCESS CHRISTIAN. OLASSES and LEOTURES. Physiology. Tropical Ailments. First Aid. Home Dispensing. Hygiene. Home Nursing. Cookery Course Applied Anatomy. Child WeHare. Free Lectures for Scouts and Girl Guides on First Aid, Natural History, Health, etc. MOBILE X-RAY AMBULANCE SERVICE.

The College offers every facility for instruction in Ambulance Work in its widest interpretation. The fees are moderate and Members and Fellows have the use of Anatomical and Pathological Museums, Bandaging Rooms, Ward, Library and W.riting Room Luncheon and Tea Rooms. Annual SubscnptlOns Members £1 IS., Fellows £2

DALE,

46. OANNON STREET, LONDON, E.O.4.

WE SPECIALIZE IN S.J.A.B. UNIFORMS.

OFFICERS' UNIFORNS, CAPS, SAM BROWNE BELTS, GREATCOATS?

RANK and FILE UNIFORMS, BELTS and POUCHES, CAPS, HAVERSACKS, etc.

Patterns and particuiars, with Self-measurement Forms, sent to any address by return of post.

SPECIAL LINES.

S.J.A.B. Tunic and Trousers = £2 : 7 : 6 (Black Vicuna or Se rge )

S.J.A.B. Trousers 12 / 6 & 16 / 6 per pair (Stock, a ll sizes ) (Postage 9d.)

AMBULANCE NUgSES COATS = 37/6

A I D.- March, 1923.

MANU ALS OF FIRST-.c:o...J.D,

&C.,

By N. CORBET PLETCHER, M.B., D.(., B.A.(Cuotab), M.R.C.S.

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free IS. Flrst·Ald SAmplltled and Tabulated, wIth AIds to Memory.

• Col Sir lames Cantlie contributes an introduction and we endorse his gooa opinion 0./ tlee book. -LANCBT.

AIDS TO HOME-NURSING.

Second Edition. Price IS ., post free. Home-NursIng Slmplltled and Tabulated, wltb AIds to Memory.

" This book wonder./ully simpli/ies a compLex su bject and slLouLd be read bv a ll students."-L. & N.W. Rv. GA ZBTTE.

EFFIOIENCY IN FiRST-AID.

Post free, II. 3d.

Problems In Study, Treatment and ExamInAtion solved for SenIor Students,

II Without doubt the book will be 0/great service in the training 0/ those lor whom it is desz:,ened."-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

OOMMON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID.

IS. net: post 3d. Errors in First·Aid Detailed and Explained.

" TIL;s book g i ves a clearer in sig-/Lt into tILe metlLods and dijJiculties 0./ eJllerge n cy treatm en t by laymen t!zan tlu otJicial T extbook

WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID.

Third Edition. Pri ce !!I •• post free Dlfllcnltles In Study and Treatment solved by QuestIon and Answer.

"We commend this book to Lecturers and St udents who will find it 0./ grea se,viee. "-FIRST AID. HINTS FOR HOSPITAL ORDERLIES. P ost free 9d. Orderly Dntles SImplified and Tabulated, with AIds to Memory. A most compact brochure which contains much use.JuL in./ormation./PRESCRIBE R.

By J. M. CARVELL, AN INDEX OF \FIRST-AID. Fcap. 8vo. Post free, Is.8d.

FIRST AID IN FEW WORDS. (82nd thousand).

With C oloured Diagrams. 12 pp. Folder. C loth, 6d. Paper. :1d. Post btl. HOME NURSING IN FEW WORDS. ( 26 th tb ousand). With useful reference table,. '4 pp. Paper, 2d. BANDAGINC DIAGRAMS.

A Companion Folder to above 12 PP P aper, 2d. Post 1tl HEALTH IN FEW WORDS.

By 1(, n FIRTH, O.P.h., F. R C S. 20th Thou sand. Paper folder 3 in. and 4 in Post free 3d. ne

By HOWARD M. PRESTON. Demonstrator to the PoLytechnic.

THE TRIANCULAR BANDAGE:

Its Application Accurately Desc:ibed by Words and 116 Diagrams.

II6 Illus. Price, IS. net; postage 2d. THE ROLLER BANDAGE.

Its Application Accurately Described by Words and [62 Diagrams.

Price, I s. net; postage, 2d.

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS.

Thirteen (I to 12 and J 4) on Roller. Post free, 35. 9d. net. No 13 (separately) Male and Female Genital Organ s , IS.

THE COMPLETE MANIKIN.

Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy, Medicine, First-Aid and Allied Subjects. Price 25. net; postage, 4d.

THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAIIINII. By THEKLA BOWSER.

Illustrated. Post free, IS. 3d.

POCKET FIRST AI D SERIES.

TH[RD EDITION.

By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C.M.O" C.I.E., D.S-O M.D, (I) Poisoning, (2) Hremorrhage, (3) Insen sibility, (4) Asphyxia (Sus pended Breathing), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, (6) Wounds, Bites, Burns, Scalds, Rup ture and Minor Injuries. The Series contains all the essentials of First Aid. Printed on linen -lined cards, 3¥' x 6d. net each; p ostage 2d. extra.

HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS. By NOEL 0. BARDSWELL. M.V.O •• M.D., P.R.C.P. Fscp. 8vo_ limp cloth. IS. 6d. net; pOSt 3d.

THE BIRTH AND EARLY DAYS OF

FIRST AID

- AND THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

NOTICE TO READER5.

FIRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and R eports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes snggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Edi tor, and should rea ch him before the I2th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily For v u blication ) by the name and address of the Corres ponden t.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connec ted with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers,

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E. C. 4.

7 elegrapkic Address,' "Twentll-/our, London."

7 elephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

lances 10 London for existing needs provided proper co-ordination can be brought about. What we suggest is that a Confer e nce be called of the various authorities concerned in order to bring about this co -ordination, and from this a small permanent committee be formed to deal with various difficulties as they may arise. We are sure with this co ·ordination the amtulance service will be more economically administered, save ov e rlapping and prevent the distres3ing cases arising of which we have recently heard in the press.

All Wool Grey and Black Serge.

E xt ra quality mate ri a l. Stric tly to regulation.

THORNTON & Tailol's§

Postage 1/CO., 24, Commercial St., BRIGHOUSE.

T ELEP][ Nil: 281.

"FIRST

AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

To be cut out and enclosed with all Queries MAR CH, 192 3.

OF recent weeks much attention has London been dir t:cte d in the daily Press to the Ambulance lack of ambulanc e facilities in London, Servic e. owing to there bt:iog seve ral painful cases of accident where the ambulance of on e Council has re fused to go over the boundary into another borough to give urgent assistance, and in another ca se where a policeman declar e d he was not allowed to use a police ambul a nce to take a dying man from an hot e l across th e Strand to the Charing Cross Hospital. The Daily E xpress sums up the situation as "a travesty of civilisation that such a state of affairs should exist" in which we quite agree. The various municipal ambulance services should he as th e Order of St. John for th e "Good of M a nkind " and not be wr a pped up with red tape, so that whEn an accident occurs a few yards over their horder, they leave the poor patient to be carted to the hospital in a taxi-cab. With the additional ambulance stations which the L.e.e. have decided t o provide there will be really e nough ambu-

OF late years, particularly since th e war, Hygiene. a word has begun to appear more and more frequently in our conv e rsation , in our newspapers and in our magazines. It is the word "hygien e." It is not a new word. For many years carefully preserved in our dictionaries it has lain awaiting th e general service of maD. In ancient tim e s it wa c; used by philosophers and in modern times scientific men, particularly doctors, have used it in conversing with one anot:1er and in writing to one another about the things of th eir profession, but that good fellow, the ordinary man, who pays most of the ta xe s and dOES most of the work has not hitherto found sufficient occasion for its use to make it worth while to put it on his active list. It will be much used in the great human movement that has already begun, the movement (or the promoti o n and preE er vation of the health of the bal)ies, childr e n, men and women of the nations of the earth. In future it will be heard and more upon the public platform, will be read more and more in the public press and will be found more and more in men's thoughts. We now speak of "person a l hygiene ," home" hygiene," " community hygiene," and hygien e wi th other similar qualificatiom. In whatevc:r connection it be used, the word impli e s conditions, control of habits tending to promot e a condition of health, for we use the old Anglo-Saxod word "helth" or "health" in its modern form to apply to that condition of the body in which it performs all its functions without pain or disease ,

PRICE THREEPBNCB 3/8 PER ANNUM, POST FREE

-FIRST

:The Grand of the Order of the )\ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in &nglatld. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

3'he St. John j\mbulanee Srigade. Prince of Wales's District DISTRICT ORDERS.

COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

AID.- April, 1923

Colbourn. Mr. Baiiil Jewitt and Miss K. Jackson, Miss Dorothy Dix (elocutioOlst), and Mr. Norman Long (sketches at the piano ). were also greatly appreciated.

LEYTON AND LEYTONSTONE DIVISON. - District Competitions held at Northampton Institute, St. John's-street, Clerkenwell, E.C., on Saturday, April 14th, 1923. One of the two members representing this Division won the "SleathGent" Challenge Cup. Pte. A. F. Ager, and the other member Pte. C. A. Barker was second.

April, 1923 . -FIR.ST

CHESTER.-The annual competition for the "Carstairs Jones" Cup hel.d on .Ma.rch 3rd. Seven teams competed and the LlOe Dlstnct Team secured the prize. The test w.as a complicated injury, calling for considerable Judgment and skill In transport. In addition each member of the team had individual tests and questions.

On March loth a competition was held for individual work, the prize being a gold medal given by Sir Charles Cayzer, Bt., M. P. There were upwards of forty competitors, both men and women, and Mr. J agson proved to be the winner. Both cup and medal will be publicly presented at a social prizegiving to be held shortly.

AID -

songs; Mr. Brown rendered two Tenor solos and the boys Helgeson performed well with duets.

Uanni.ng, of Hull, obliged with two pianoforte select t:ons. 10 splendId style. The dancing was accompanied with lImelIght effecr, and the Division is indebted to Private Eldred for his attention to this department.

Supper was partaken of at 9 p.m. The tables were tastefully decorated by the ladies' committee, Mesdames Aldred Fletcher, Jackson, W. Fletcher, Steele and Golt No effort was spared to make this part of the one to be rememby those After supper the programme was contmued untIl mldDlght.

It is hoped to cater in this department in the near future

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUUS CATHEDRAL MAY, I923. Sunday, 6th.-No. 24 Division, Lambeth. " 13th.-No.25 " Tottenham and Hampstead " " 20th.-No.28 27th.-No. 29 " "

NO.7 ( TOYN BEE HALL) DIVISION .- On March 10th, the Division held its Fourth Annual D inner at the Old Bell Restaurant, Holborn, and after thoroughly enjoying an excellent repast, settled down to a musical evening.

Railway. Harrow and Wealdstone. Walthamstow.

Duty from 2 p.m., to 2.30 p.m ., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

ALTERATION OF TELEPHONE NUMBER.

It should be noted that the telephone humber of Headquarters has been altered to " Clerkenwell 6645·"

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending news paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDlTOR.

N.C.O.'s CLUB.-On Thursday, May 3rd, at 7.30 p .m. ,

\V. H. Smith & Sons' Club, 1 I, Milford-lane, Strand, W.C.2, Mr. A. A. Atkins will give an address on "Circulation in man and some of the lower animals," illustrated by diagrams. Any N.C.O. wishing to become a member of the can obt::tin particulars from H. J. Palmer, hon. sec., 70, Newmgton Green-road, N. 1.

THE HOSPITALLERS' CLUB.-This Club held tbeir 4th annual banquet at the Abercorn Rooms, Liverpool-street, on Saturday evening, April 14th, the Club President, Capt. G. C. Cooper, Knight of the .Ord er of the Crown, being in the chair. Among the dlstmgulshed guests were Lady Perrott, RR.C., Col. E. A. Cameron, C.M.G., D.S.O., Secretary to the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England, Major P. G, Darvil-Smith, C.B.E ., Major Hossack, F.R.C.S., and other well-known members of the Order, Ambulance Brigade officers, their wives and friends.

The toasts were" The King and the Prince of Wales," drunk in musical honours. "The Hospitallers' Club," proposed by Major Darv il-Smith, "The Visitors" by H Langley-Jones, and" The President, " by Mr. Perry, also to musical honours. Col. Cameron, in replying for the visitors, in a witty speech, expressed h is great pleasure. at bein g present that evening, and the. members of hIS in furthering the hIgh alms they stood for III upholdIng the good work done by the Ambulance Brig::tde of the Order. The Hospitallers' Club, which was formed four years ago to promote social intercourse and the welfare of the ambulance movement, is open to all officers of the Brigade, and is a strong and flourishing organisation.

During the evening an excellent musical programme was given including a duet "Miserere Scene" from II Trovatore, excellently rendered by Miss Mary Hamlin and Capt. Harold

Whilst Corps Sergt.-Major J. Lomas was capably proposing a toast to " The Division," the company were honoured by the arrival of Commissioner W. H. Winny, O. B.E. Replymg to the Toast, the Chairman, Supt. A. Newton thanked the Sergt.Major, and hearkened back to the year 189 5 when the present Commissioner was Supt. of the Division. He announced that, subject to official confirmation, Viscount Milner, K.I.., P.C., G.c.P., G.C.M.G., had consented to become Divisional President, this fact being heartily received. In past recollections of the Division, a note of sadness sounded in the recent death of an old member, Supt. A. Statham, NO. 10 Division.

The Commissioner presented the" Emlyn Jones Cup" and 1st Prize to Pte. C. E. Bower, 2nd pri ze to Pte. W. Eason, and 3rd prize to Pte. Inman, the successful competitors for the year's contest, and after congratulations addressed the assembly. He expressed his reluctance to prominancyupon these occasions and felt that under the stress of emotion at renewing old associations with ,( his Division," he could not present the formal speech frequently rendered in such instances. He reviewed the services rendered by the various Divisional Officers since be founded the Division, a nd laid tribute to their sterling work. The necec;sity for the right in the work and elimination of petty jealousy were mentioned, the remarks coming from one so conversant with Brigade work was receJ\ ed with applause. The toast to "The VisItors" wac; proposed by Staff.-Sergt. C. Bower, who, in the name of the Division, welcomed the presence of the Commissioner and assured him of the Division's high regard for him. Without suggesting a record he presented interesting figures relating to the services rendered by the present 53 members of the Division to the aggregate total of 562 years, an average of years per men ,ber. Corps Sergt.-Major Lomas SUItably replied.

NO.4-District.

BLACKBURN.-At the annual meeting of the division, at their headquarters this month, Mr. Gilbert Ormerod, the divisional superintendent presiding, the report and balance sheet were presented Excluding the war period, the past year, said the chairman, had been a record one in every respect. The report of the annual inspection from London headquarters was the finest ever received by the division. The Blackburn division at present was stronger, more efficient, and better equipped than at any previous period. The motor ambulance had supplied a long-felt want in transporting patients to and from outside districts where no other ambulance was available. The welfare work, consisting of supplying and maintaining first-aid equipment in mills and workshops, and the training of persons to act as works ambulance men, had made marked progress during the year, and he looked forward to the time when a septic wound following an accident would be a thing of the past. In conclusion, Mr. Ormerod congratulated all ranks on their efficiency, and expressed the thanks of the division to all who had helped to make the unit so successful. A resolution was passed placing on record the thanks of the division to Major B. G. Elliott, L.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.,T.D., the late Divisional Surgeon and Superint endent. for his valuable services since the formation of the Blackburn Division in 1900.

Chester Brigade recently organised two very successful whIst drives, the proceeds of which were given to the d istr ict fund.

CRAWSHAWBOOTH.-On February 20th tho members of this D iv ision, with friends, held a social evenin g, which was very. mu c h enjoyed Supt. G W. Nuttall presided.

DUrIng the. evening mus!cal items were rendered by members of. the brigade and frIends, after which Councillor S. Sykes, In the absence of the Division Surgeon R J. Warrington, presented to Sergt. F. Shenton the miniature medal of the of Honorary Serving Brother, also the Brigade Long Servlce Medal Corpl. J. R Eatough. Councillor Sykes made SUItable reference to. the two recipients, who each responded. Sergt. Shenton IS the oldest member of the DiviSIOn this hIS year, Corpl. Eatough being in his 17th dur.lOg. whIch they have never ceased to encourage and mamtam the work of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in the district.

After the presentation supper was served which concluded the evening's gathering.

OLDHAl\l.-The annual competitions for the Divisional Cup took pl ac e on tbe 28th March at the Corps There a good attendance of members and friends. The competitIOn showed that great interest had been taken in the work by the tean.s_ Three teams entered. Dr. J. B. Wilkinson, M.D., D.P .H., judged the individual work, and ambulance officer G. H. Saxon division ) the stretcher test. The r;sult was as. follows :-Ist, Failsworth division, Cpl. M. Knight, M.M., II?- c barge and ,£1 ) ; 2nd, Mumps dIvision, Cpl. H. ChadWIck, M.M ., 10 charge ( ISS .); Central division Hon. J. McC;ann, in charge. Dr. WIlkinson in presenting prIzes, complImented the winning teams and gave a few hmts on the work.

At the cl?se a hearty vote of thanks was given the judges who had so kmdly consented to come to judge.

No. 5 District.

BA'P..NOLDSWICK.- The 4th annual gala and demonstrawIll be held on June 9th, when a squad compefor men and an nursing competitIOn for ladles wIll take place. A SIlver challenge shield is offered for the squad a 20·guineas silver challenge cup for the nursmg competItIon. Full particulars can be had from Mr. W. Duxbury, r 5, Park-road, Barnoldswick.

GRIMSBY.-A successful Social and Supper provided by m;mbers was held on Thursday, March 15th, in the All S amts Hall. About 80 members were present, and a varied and programme was dealt with, consisting of whist dancmg, games,.vocal and instrumental items. Mr. Beadman: and the Bros. GI bbs, officiated for the dance.

Mr. Conc ert Farty, consisting of Miss Forman Contralto, Germany, 'Cellist, Mr. Darnley, Tenor, Mr. J: Webb, Bantone, Mr. T. Webb, Accompanist, were well applauded for the efforts.

Sheridan amused the members present with his Step Dancmg. Mr. Mason, Baritone, was loudly encored for his

in the hope of more enthusiasm and interest being taken in the Division by the members and their wives.

Everyone felt that a good night had been well spent, and an effort is to be made to make the present year even better than the last. The Superintendent is indebted to all those who in any way contributed towards making the evening a success.

No.6 District.

HULL.-On March 27th an interesting event took place at the Hull Corps S.) .A.B. headquarters, Anlaby Park. The occasion being the presentation of certificates to the first Division of Cadets in Hull, the Western Cadet Division. The

A competitor representing FIR ST AID at the Bricklayers' Arms Division Fancy Dress Carnival.

-FIRST

-FIRST

presentation was made by Assistant Commissioner Major A. Hammersley Johnston, O.B.E., who was attended by District Officer W. T. Atkinson, Corps Supt. H. Anthony, Corps Sec. H. Bartrop, and 1\1 r. A. E. Carter.

The boys afterwards gave a short display of their powers in Stl etcher and bandage v.:ork, and warmly applauded by the audience and were congratulated by the Corps Staff Officers

This is a real live division. The first meeting was held in July, 19Z2, and the examination took in the follo.wing October, when 17 boys passed out of 20 entries; Dr. GavIn S. Brown was the examiner. A "lother class of 20 boys is now on the way, anc up to the present 4 boys are in possession of the Regulation Uniform. boys have al!eady I?erformed some useful duties as patients for competll1ons 1 he Cadet Officers are hoping to bl! able to take a few of the boys to camp in and with this end in view have started a Camp Savings Fund, to which several boys are .s ubscrib ing.

Through the kindness of Major Arthur r. Atkmson, M. B.E., J. P ., of Elloughton Dale, an offer of a field has already been received, and if any friends in Hull read these notes and feel they would like to assist in any way, offers of any kind will be gratefully received and acknowledged by the Cadet Officer, Mr. R. G. Dearing, at the headquarters. More will be heard of this go ahead Division in the near future.

No. 10 District.

I pSWICH - The Ipswich Ambulan c e and Nursing Corps of the St. John. Brigade held a church. parade on Sunday mornIng (A pnl8th), to St. Johns Congregation Church, Cooper-street, by kind invitation o.f the de.acons. The Rev. :\'lortimer Asbury, gave an Instructive his text being, "Is there no balm in Gilead? Is there no Physician there ?" The corps mustered over 60 officers and members on parade under the command of County Commissioner S. O. Eades,' supported by District Supt. Capt. F. H. Gooderham, the ambulance corps bein g in charge of Corps Supt. J Pawsey, supported by Corps W. C. Smit h and F. E. the nursing corps bemg m charge of Lady Corps Supt. MIss L. Hag-gar, supported by Lady Corps Officers Miss M. King and Mr. Hodgson.

A pleasing presentation took place on this parade when lance-corp1. A. E. Plant of the Gippeswyth Divis io n was presented by the Commissioner with the Brigade Long Selyice -:'IIeda1. The Commissioner complimented bim on his splendid record of IS years' effi ci ent servic e in the Brigade, and having been a very keen and active member. ( Lance-corpl. Plant also holds the King George Coronation and 3 War Medals). The Ipswich Corps usually mo?thly. parades by kind invitation of church or cbapel whlcb gives ItS members, who are of various denominations, an opportunity of attending.

The directors of Messrs. Ransomes, Sims and Jefferies, Ltd., entertained the members of the. Orwell Works (Ipswich) Division, to the second annual smokmg concert at the Grand Hotel, on Malch 27 th

The managing director ( F. Ayton, Esq., presided, and was supported by Major Hossack. for No. 10 District ), Capt. S. Hoyland ( DIVIS ional Surgeon), Corps Supt. Pawsey, Divisional Supt. W: Last, L. C. Horsley, Esq , and 4 6 officers and men of the diVISion.

The toast of the « Orwell Works Division)J was proposed by Mr. Horsley, who said tbey .were able t? congratulate the division on havlllf! reached their 25th anmversary, and they were proud to find that one of its members ( Mr. J. Pawsey) had been associ::lted with the corps as an officpr during the whole period, and had now been honoured by being made Corps. Supt. for the I pswich Corps.

In responding, Dr. Hoyland commented on tbe general standard of excellence which had been displayed.

No. I (S.E. & C.R.) District.

The Masonic Hall, Deal, was tht; scene of the third annual

AI D.- April, 1923.

dinner on March znd, of the Deal and Walmer Division. His Worship, the Mayor, Alderman A. W. Lambert, was supported by Commissioner E. A. Richards, Mr. C. J. C. Latham (District Traffic Superintendent; Dr. Frank Hughes, Legion of Honour Dr. A. D. Hllghes, J.P .• and the stationmasters at Deal, Walmer, and Sandwich, Superintendent Barton, K.C.C., and Inspector Brenchley, K C.C.

Several presentations were made, including a clock for the Divisional Secretary, IV] r, Pocknell, The l\layor's Cup was presented to the Police team.

The final competitions in the District took place at Addiscombe on March 21St. Bricklayers Division again secured the privilege of representing No. I District in the Dewar and Symons, Eccles contest. Victoria secured second place.

Dr. A. Vernon Davies, O. B.E , M. B., very kindly judged the stretcher work, and Dr. C. E. Patterson, of Aldershot, the individual tests. Dr. Davies, received a warm welcome as the new Commissioner of No.8 District.

BRICKLAYERS DIVI SION .-A Fancy Dress Carnival held at tbe Bermondsey Town Hall on March 15th, which proved a great success, both financially and socially, so much 50 that the Division is organismg another for May 26th, at the same ball, and will be pleased to receive visitors other Divisions. We introduce a photo of one of the competItors as First Aid Journal made up of the front leaves of the Journal and figured triangular bandages, and another lady appeared as The Spirit of St. John.

The Main Arteries and Pressure Points.

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., B.A., B.C., Cantab" M.R.C.S., Eng

RECENT correspondence has directed my attention to the old and oft·repeated complaint that the T txt· book does not enter as fully as it might into a description of the course of the Main Arteries and the exact location of the pressure points connected with each) and that it simply refers studwts to "the numbered dots in the Frontispiece. .0".

As a fact, the complaint is hardly fair because Po.J accurate description of the arteries and their pressure points as this article proves, a conSIderable inroad into anatorr_y-with which First-Aid has li.tle or no concern-and tak e s up much SPlcc, whereas in a practical class all 15 Pressure Points can be quickly demonstrated, located and mastered.

In this article, therefore, I propose to meet the s of my correspondents by going more deeply than usual into the su bj c:ct. At the outset, however, I would

(1) that each artery is always accompanied by a vein and a nerve W that on the artery must be exerted directly on t.he vessel itself-if interference with blood returning to heart along vein is to be avoided; and

(2) that" a pressure point" is the po;nt on the surface of head, neck or limbs, firm pressure on which cuts off the flow of arterial blo')d going to supply the tismes beyond it Pressure is usually-that is, wherever possible-directed upon bone, and in all cases can b3 effected by the thumb. In other words, as is laid down in Common Errors in .First Aid, the pressure points are (I) small and easily compressed by thumb, (2) require precise location for efficient control of artery, and ( 3) necessitate a correct position in every case for patient and First Aider,

COMMON C RIGIN iROM AORTA.

The Aorta is the main arterial trunk of the human system, and from it all arteries of the General (Systemic) Circulation are derived. Starting at the left ventricle of the heart, it runs a short distance upwards and to the right) then turning backwards and to the left, it passes downwards, thus forming the Aortic Arclz. it curv!!s round to reach the front surface of the bodies of the vert C' b l re, on which it is continl1ed downwards through the chest (thorax) as the 7 horacic Aorta. The Aorta finally passes through a n opening in the diaphragm into the abdomen where it is called the Abdominal Aorta., Throughout its long course it gives off brancheS to all puts, and, after passing through the cav ty of the abjomen, ends opp'Jsite the fourth lumbar vert t.br a in the Right and Left Common Iliac Arteries.

A RT ERIES OF HEO\D AND NECK.

The Common Carotid Artery (which with the internal jugular vein and th e vagus nerve lies in a sheath) runs on each sid e of the neck plrtly under cover of muscl€'. It arises from the Aorta (" carrying or ralsing vessel") and passes up from the joint formed by union of sternum and clavicle to the gap mid way b ; tween angle of 10\'ier j lW and the prominence of temporal b'Jne. It lies directly over the prominent transv e rse process of the si:-..th cervical vertebra against which (Pressure Point No. I ) it can be compressed, that is, about two or three inches above the clavicle. Prt::ssure on windpipe must be carefully avoided. The Common Carotid ends at the level of the upper burder of the t'1ro.it-box on which" Adams stand!", wtere it divides into Intt.:.rnal and External Carotid Arteries. By the way, "Carotid Artery )) means "the vessel of sleep," because tf pressure made on both Common Carotids, bloo d w;ll be' cut off from the brain, and loss of consciousness will result, a physiological fact known in 0lde3 days to the II ga-roHf [3," and to the ancients who believed that sleep resulted from this cau s:!.

The Internal Carotid Artery passes upwards to th e b.lse of skull through the tissues of the neck which i t supplies with pure blood. At first, it is more or less sup:!rficial but, oS it proc e eds, it passes deeply and ends as the v c! ssel of supp y to the brain.

The External Carotid Artery is one Gf the endbranches of the Common Carotid, in the line of which it continues upwards to a point midway between angle of lower j and tip of temporal bone. It is at first superficial and overlapped only by the strong neck muscles between sternum, clavicle, and temp')ral bone) but after a course of ]! inches it plsses deeply and disappean in the substance of the plrotid gland, through which (at the ang le of the it proceeds until it ends by dividing into Temporal and lnt. Maxillary Arteries. Of its many branches only the Lingual, Facial, Occipital and Temporal are of interest to First-Aiders.

The Linqual Artery is given off within the first inch of the course of the External Carotid, and follows a tortuous cous e, plssing at first upwards, then forwards, and again upwards to reach th'3 under surface of the tongu e , to the tip of which it is continued as the Ranine Artery.

The Facial Artery ari se s from External Carotid oppo;ite the angle of lower jlW, p<.sses deeply beneath muscles in region of jaw, gives off branches to palate, tonsils, etc., and then curves round the edge of the jaw in hollow immediately in front of the strong muscle which 1S made promimnt when the jlWS are compressed. In this pOsition (Pressure Point NO .2) pressure is made dire ctly

AID.-

upon [ower j..lW some two fingers breaoth in front of angle of jaw. Frum this point the artery follows an irregular course to corner of mouth for supply of pure blood to lips, and thence up the side of nose to inner angle of the eye.

The Occipital Artery takes ([igin from the Ext( rnal Caro'id opposite the angle of jaw and passes upwards and backwards towards the front of the temporal bone, in the hollow just behind which (Pressure! Pl;int NO.4), some three fingers breadth behind the flap of ear, it may be t1 fasily compressed by thumb or leg,p.ld and bandage. rry Its location is difficult only became it passes deeply under the muscles attached to the tempural bone) but its pulsations are easily felt if the al e relaxed by tilting the head towards shoulder of sam e fide and by supporting it. By the way the t'!rm, cc Occ ipital)) signifies the part" opposite th e forehead."

Th e T empo ral Arter)l-th e vessel in the region of " the tern pie ))-i) the smaller of the two end divisions of the External Carotid, though apparently the direct continuation of that vessel. It arises opposite the neck of lower jaw and passes upwards between condyle of j iW and opening of ear to scalp it divides into bran Ches which pass forwards and backwards to supply arterial blood to th€Se p:uts. It can be comprtsled (Pre;sure Point NO .3) directly m e r the jaw joint, one finger breadth in front of of ear, by thurn b or by pad and bandag€'.

ARTERIES OF UPPER LIMB.

Th e Subdavia7 t Artery arises on each side from the aorta; and passes from behind the joint formed by clavicle and sternum. At first it is placed deeply b eneath the neck muscles. Then it arches over the pleura (or covering of lungs ) which htrc arises above the c la vicle) and it finally assumes its most superficial position in a sort of triangle formed by muscles attached to clavicle, behind the m1ddle point of which (Pressure Point NO.5) it may be C( mpressed directly upon the first rib. The peculiar rosition of the Subclavian (t hat as its name signifies" under the clavicle") Artery requires that pressure be exerte d backwards and inwards) that the clavicle b; exposed by removal of clothing) and that the patient's head be tilted out wards and his shoulder deprEssed.

The A "illar)' Artery, which is continuous with the Subclavian and the Brachial below, extends from the outer border of first rib to the lower border of the muscles forming the back wall of the ,: armpit," from hich the vessel takes its name. With the limb drawn away at right angles to the body, the vts5el follows an imaginary line drawn fl on midpoint of clavicle to mid· way between condyles of humerus. It is at first deeply situated in the armpit; but to.,.; ::tr ds its end it become superficial. Pressure can only be effected by means of a small hard pad ( such as a billiard ball itself) placed high up in armpit (Pressure Point No.6) and secured by fixing upper limb across chest-wall.

The B ral'hial Artery is the direct continuation of the Axillary and e xtends to a little below the centre of the crease at bend of elbow where it divides (opposite neck of radius) into Radial and Ulnar Arteries. Its name is derived from a Greek word signifying "the arm)) (brachion) whereas "humerus )) is the Latin for "lt e shoulder. " The artery liES at first intErnal to the armbene but, as it proceeds, it grad ui lly passes forwards until at back of elbow it is midway between the two promint nces (or at lower end of humerus. Hence, to control bleeding by pressure on vesEel, the

artery in the middle part of its course (Pressure Point NO.7) must be compressed outwards against the arm-bone, the limb being extended at right angles to body with pllm of hand directed upwards and hand tilted slightly outwards. At its termination the artery must be pressed directly backwards on to lower end of humerus (Pressure Puint No.8) by flexion of forearm upon arm at elbow joint. The artt:ry is accompanied by two veins which communicate at frequent intervals across it.

(To be c011cluded.)

Sir Herbert David William Lewis, K. B. E.

Al\IBULANCE workers throughout the country learnt with satisfaction of the appointment of Sir Herbert Lewis as a Knight Commander of the British Empire for it is no doubt due to his indomitable em rgy and great organising abilities that ambulance work has made such rapid strides

England firm of consulting engineei s -MessIs. Herbert Lewis and Fletcher.

He filSt interested himself in the Order of St. John in the year 1900, and, at the request of the Mayor, Chief Constable and a number of influential gentlemen, started the Cardiff centre of the St. John Ambulance Association; later, this was extended to include the county of Glamurgan as far west as Bridg;end, then the west of Wales was added, and, eventually the whole of Wales was formed into one centre known as "The. St. David's Centre," of which Sir Herbert was the honorary secretary.

The authoritieS at St. John'S Gate appointed him an Assistant Commissioner of No. VII. (Seven) District of the Sr. John Ambulance Brigade, and later, Deputy Commissioner of No. XI. (Eleven) District, and he was appointed by the Countess of Plymouth County Director of the Glamorgan branch of the British Red Cross Society -the first County Director appointed in Wales.

After the declaration of war, Sir Herbert enrolled and took out to Nantes, in Western France, a company of St. John Ambulance orderlies, and in September, 19I4, conducted to St. Nazaire a special section of sanitary orderliES, recruited for the War Office (rom divisions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in Wales; served on the staff of Colonel Sinclair Westcott, C.R, C.M G., D.D.M.S., subsEquently raised a complete field am bulance unit known as the 130th St. John Field Am bulance, attached to the 38th DiviSIOn, of which he assumed ccmmand until the officers were gazetted. He repl esented the Order of St. John in France as its Commissioner, and later, inspected hospitals in France for the British Committee, French Red Cross; be afterwal ds and administered ten auxiliHY military hospitals in Wales for the Army Council j established in Cardiff a central depot for the supply of hospital and bonded Government stores for cigarettes, tobacco and tea; was appointed in 1917 Inspecting Officer under the !'v1inistry of Munitions, of the Western District of England.

3lractical 3loints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with specia. reference to good and bad !Joints in 7 reatmen/-jor inclusion in this Column.

DEATH FROM SUFFOCATION.

April, 19 2 3

AID.

J\m bula nce.

L.M & S.R. (WESTERN DIVISION).-Tbe final competition was held at the Connaught Rooms on April lItb, the teams being judged by Capt. A. W. M. B., and Dr. K. H. B::verley. Eight teams took part and were placed as follows :-

Liverpool North DJck, 224t marks; Eulestown Wagon Works, 2 I 7t; Crewe Shop, 2 l3!; Manchester (L')ndon-roaa), zost; Featherstone, 18Si; Castlethorpe, 182!; Camden" A," 182 ; Carmarthen, 16 7.

L & N.E R. (NORTH EASTERN AREA).-The competition for the John Lloyd Wharton Shield were held at Middlesbrough on Apnl 7th, when Dr. R. B. Duncan judged the six teams representing the various districts of the centre with the results :-

Middlesbrough (W. HartleDool Goojs), 144; Hull (Hull Goods), 130; Darlington (North Road Works), 126;

Judge will give any information that would be obtained by your examination.

mmediate despatch of two bearers for stretcher and appliances (bearers to stand out for 5 minutes) 4

Ascertaining degree of insensibilility by touching both eyeballs (no response)

Noting condition of both pupils (unequal)

Noting condition of face (flushed)

,. " skin (hot and moist) ...

,. "pulse (full, slow

in Wales. The Priory for Wales was established in 1918 with H.R. H. the Prince of Wale3 as Prior and the late Earl of Plymouth as sub-Prior with Sir Herbert as Principal Secretary and Commissioner for Wales. He has thrown his hE:art and soul into the work and to-day it can be proclaimed that Wales is one of the most progressive sections of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

Sir Herbert Lewis was born at Briton Ferry, Glamorgan, on the 25th February, 1872,; is the eldert son of the late Rev. David Lewis, M.A., R D., YD., Vicar of Briton Ferry; was educated at ROSEaU School and the Finsbury Technical College.

Sir Herbert started life as an electrical engineer, and is a mpmber of the of Electrical Engineers. He was partner in the well-known South Wales and West of

Two men were driving along a country road when the front left wheel became detached from the car which fell into a ditch and pinned beneath it the two passengers. Called to the accident, we worked for twenty minutes before we could release the unfortunate occupants of the car, of whom one was practically uninjured while the other was apparently dead from suffocation through being thrown head first into the mud. In spite of our fears that the man was dead, we tried artificial respiration for half-an-hour, and in fact until the arrival of a doctor who examined our patient and found him past all help.

-P.S., Yarmouth.

The Coventry Division held its annual dinner on March 15th, at which three needs were mEntioned. There were greater financial assistance from the pu blic generally, additional members of the division, and more suitable and permanent headquarters.

Yurk (c. and W. Dept.), 124; Newcastle (Park Lane Goods), 123; Leeds (Leeds New Station), 86. Maximum marks, 28STEA]\l TEST.

CARD.- While strolling along the sands at Redcar on a blazing hot summer's afternoon, you four men hear sounds of heavy snoring behind a large rock. On investigation you see a stout man of about 65 years of age lying on the sand. You recollect passing in the street les:> than t mile back an ambulance depot in which there are stored a stretcher and First Aid appliances. You know the tide will be full up in 20 minutes, when all means of escape will be cut off. There is a Cottage Hospital! mile off and the nearest doctor lives opposite the hospital. No other help available. There is a pool of sea water at the sunny side of the rock. Act as you should.

Altering position of patient (head in shade: legs III sunshine )

Keeping lower part of body warm

Searching pockets for any clues

Discovering bottle of whisky

II laudanum

" letter to Coroner giving name and address and determination to end life

Diagnosis -Apoplexy

Preparing and testing stretcher

Loading on to stretcher

Rapid transport to hospital

Watchful care en route

Seeing head is kept on left side

shaded wet

The London, Midland and Scottish Railway Ambulance Shield Competition. Mrs. Fielden, wife of the Deputy Chairman of the Railway Company, presents the Shield to the winning team, Liverpool (North Docks).

M essa ge to hospital if after leaving the sands

Tar:tful message to patient's address

I NDIVIDUAL TEST S

-FIRST 2 3 10

Card No. I.- Tbis boy, when hangin g a picture in his house, fell from the steps and received a simple fracture of the right should er blad e No other injuries are present.

first aid.

A rD.- April, 1923

Blood-shot eye

Extras

Card No. 5.-You are walking across some fields with this boy and note immediately after the strain of jumping across a dry ditch 2 ft. deep and 3 ft. wide with sloping sides, that there is an increaSIng sensation of warmth and moisture in your right boot. You suddenly remember the presence of a large varicose vein on the inner sid e of the middle of your right calf.

Act as you should.

The boy is about to ju mp over. No other help in sight.

Cottage! mile away Weather fine.

I mmediately sitting down

Direct pressure on known spot

Calling boy to your aid

Instructing boy re preparation of Improvised b.:mdages

Elevation of limb

Exposure of wound

A pplication of improvIsed dressing

" " " bandages

Removin g any constrictions (gar ter and undo collar)

2

PRIORY FOR WALES.

Spa Treatment Establishment, Llandrindod Wells.

AMONGST th e many activities of the Priory for Wales is the St. John Sp3. Treatment Establishment, which was op;med e xpressly for the accommodation and treatment of those who are suffering from the effects of Rheumatic and Gouty conditions, Neuritis, Colitis Obesity, Eczema, and skin complaints, Liver and other troubles due to

As the principal object of the Priory is to provide Sp3. Treatment, and not accommodation for persons who merely require rest and change of air, patients will remain in residence at the discretion of the Secretary. The Priory will not accept cases which n:quire nursing or much personal attendance, unless sp e cial arrangements have been made_

The special feature of the Establisbment is th at the patient pays one inclusive fee, which covers board

Card No. 2.-T bis boy has j ust been pulled out of the river and breathing is not discernIble. Cottage 100 yards off, doctor! mile. \Veather fine and warm. Render first aid.

Ensure that air pas3ages are clear Turn patient on to face

Send to cottage for blankets, et c.

CARD No. 3.-You have been called to a shed where these two boys have been playing with a chaff-cutter. One of them has had all the finf,ers of his right hand cut off at the knuckles and you br ight red blood spurting out. Act as you should.

First aid box n office. Cottage hosp ital 200 yards off.

N a other help at hand.

I mmediate digital pressure on brachial

Lay patient down

Examine limb for any other injury (none )

Elevate limb

Send boy for first-aid box

on trachial Apply pads to radial and ulnar

With boy's help crawl into ditch

Adopt suitable position

Protect self from sho ck with boy s coat Send boy to cot tag e for help

Death of Heaton Clark Howard, M.R.C.S.

REA DE RS of this Journ al , especially thos e of the o lel school wi ll learn witb sincere re g ret of the d ea th of Dr. Howard: who was the originator and first editor of this J oumal which appeared on 1St July, 1394 and in which he wro t e

" We acknowledge the responsibllrty to bf: great and we know that such a Journal as tbis may have a p)werful influence which should cnly be us e d for the furtherance of good and useful o b j e cts. " Through out the long c::veer of this Journal we have always endeavoured to follow th e o bje cts set out by its found er. Dr. Howard also wrote a column each month und er the nom de plume of " Tourniquet" in which h e struck a humurous and personal note which in those days did not meet with the approval of the authoriti e s at the" Gate."

Dr. Howard was born in Lancashire in 1855 and took his medical degr ee in 1880. The cyclist diVision of the old Metropolitan COJP3 was found e d i n 1889 by Mr. Alan Palmer in conjunctIOn with Dr. Howard, who was appointed its Hon. Surgeon.

1 O. 4.- If, after an accid ent, you wanted to find out whether there was a fracture of the cra nium and its situation, what procedure or steps would g uid e you in forming opinion?

Own observation of accident

If not seen, tactful questions

If patient conscious, for history and symptoms

Tactful questions of bystanders {or history...

Noting marks on clothing or head

Noting surroundings as to possible cause of fracture

Insensibility, gradual or sudden...

Possible signs of compressio n - flusbed fa ce.. 2

Stertorous breathing, unequal pupils, one side limp 3

Raised temperature- concussion may precede 2

Fracture of upper part-Caus e, direct violence

Such as a blow on the

Signs-swelling,

Fracture of base-Caus e ind irect violence

Such as fall on head, feet, lower part of spine, blow on jaw 4

Signs-blood or clear fluid from ear

Blood from nose or mouth

The late Dr. Howard carried on practice in Stockw e ll where h e was known as the friend of the poor. His surg e ries in Cl apham· road and WandswOIth·road have been for years the refuges of the sick, the outcast and the distress e d, while the p a uper and the orphan that the brave old man would respond to their C3.11 at any hour of the night. Dc. Howard {ell a vi ctim to blood poisoning and died in St. G EOrges Hospital where h e had been a student 4 3 years before.

Th e Decies Cu p for Home Nursin g was wo n this year by the Ramsgate Nursing D: vision, and the East Kent Bowl, b y Sittingbourne.

Th e No. 1 District of the Brigade has suffered a great loss by the death of Supt C. Statham, which occurred on March 12th. He was gi ven a Br igad e funeral at which m e mb e rs of his division acted as bear e rs.

HYDRO·ELECTRIC BATH .

reside nce in tropical climates, DYE-pepsia, Debility, Stomach and other complaints.

The primary object of the Priory is to place the Water s and Balneologi ca l equipment of Llandrindod Wells at th e disposal of those with fixed incomes who are unable to b ear the ex penses which th e treatment coupled with the cost of accommodation at the Spa usually entails.

VICHY DO UCHE AND MASSAGE.

residence and all other necessary expenses for th e com plete course of treatment.

Patients hav e at their disposal the very latest appara. tus for the th e rap eutic application of electricity Llandrindod Wells has a r e markably dry and bracing atmosphere, and has won an internation al reputation both for healthfulness and charm.

The annual dinner of the Cricklewood Division was well supported on the 17th March, Capt Journet being in the chair. Ambulance Officer H a rt was presented with a hand bag during the e vening.

3 E

Dr. J. S. Griffiths, the retired commissioner of No.2 District, was the recip ie nt of a pres e ntation from the members of Pachrs Division, on th e occasion of their annual social gathering.

'3 E

Mr. Stanfield, the instructor of the Roundwood Colliery Class, was presented by th e mem bers with a smoker's cabin e t in oppreciation of his services.

'3 E

THE third lecture of North Tyn eside Corps was held in the new Headquarters, on March 8th, Corps Secr e tary, J. C. L1ttle, took the chair, and Dr. E. Babst, M.B., B.S., of Wallsend, deliver e d a lecture on "First Aid Principl e s in the Treatment of Disease." The le cturer pointe d out that in order to appreci ate th e treatment necessary to cure disease it is essential to understand the main factor1i connected with the pr e servation of go()d health.

X -RI\Y PE; PA RT1I4ENT.

The death of Dr. H. Howard, recorded in another column, recalls the coining of a word which will be for ever known amongst ambulance workers, in our issue of September, 1894. He wrote: "I have noticed that a word has been wanted to replac " the ugly expression 'ambulance man,' so I have ventured to coin a new word -'First-Aider'-lo supply the want. The definition of this word is 'a who has received a certificate from an

AID- April, J923. authorised association that he (or she) is qm.lified to render first aid.'"

In connection with the award of the Florence Nightingale Medal, which is to take place this year, the British Red Cross Society has submitted the following names:Dame Maud Emma McCarthy, G.B.E., R.R.c., Miss Anne Campbell Gibson, Dame Sidney Browne, G.B.E., R.R.C., Dame Sarah Swift, G.B.E., R.R.c" Miss Lizzie Helen Wilson, Miss Kathleen Minnie Atkinson, AR.R.C.

A recent outbreak of enteric fever in Yorkshire, illustrates the fact that a village pump may be as dangerous a contrivance as :i. bombing aeroplane, if the water supply is not submitted to periodical tests. In this case the source of the outbreak was traced to contaminated water from the village pump.

The Industrial Welfare J oumal, in glVlng publity to the appllling number of accidents which ')ccur in coal mines, suggests that-

I. A systematic investigation into the dangers associated with coal mining.

2. An investigation into the statement (made in the House of Commons during July, 19<12) that the staff of Government inspectors is inadequate.

3· A vigorous accident prevection campaign with the object of eliminating accidents.

In the House of Commons on April 18th, Mr. N. Chamberlain informed Mr. Briant that he was making inquiries into the adequacy and organisation of the ambulance system for London, and if it should appear that any advantage was likely to result he wuuld be happy to summon a conference of the various authorities concerned to consider the whole question.

"The psychology of a London crowd is wonderful," remarked the Shoreditch coroner recently, at an inquest on Joseph Henry Weelerbred, who was found dead in Dalston·street.

It was stated that for 25 minutes some 600 men, women and children crowded around, but not one thought of sending for a doctor or a policeman, and no one placed a covering oVer the lifeless remains.

In returning a verdict of " Death from natural causes," the Coroner com men ted "What is everybody's business is nobody's business."

Were there any II first aiders 1/ about?

TilE ST. JOliN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Supplement.

Appointments, Etc.

MARCH, 1923.

The Chi e f Commissioner has sanctioned the following appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :PRINCE OF WALES'S DISTRICT.

District Officer Capt. J. Calvin Lines transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 233.23

No. 46 (Ilford) Dlvision.-Sergt. James Frederick Quilter Rymer to be Ambulance Officer, 28.2.2')

No. 13 (Ilford Nursing) Division.-Lady Supt. Mrs. Waldron resigned, 20.3 23 No. 13 (King s Cross, G.N.R.) Division.-Staff Sergt. Bertie Edward Freeman to be Ambulance Officer, 27.2.23

South Metropolitan Gas Company Corps.-Ambulance Officer Adolphus Charles Darby to be Corps Officer, 5.3.23

Ambulance Officer William John Godden to be Corps Officer, 6 323

Ambulance Officer Thomas William Manley to be Corps Officer, 7.3.23

Lady Divisional Supt. Alice Hansell Sparks to be Lady Corps Officer, 14.2.23

South Metropolitan Gas Company Nursing Division.Ambulance Sister Louisa Bennett to be Divisional Supt., 19. 2

The Chief Commissioner has sanctioned the appointment ot the following officers to be in charge of the new areas of No. 1 District, and the Corps and Divisions of the District will be in the areas shown hereunder :-

EASTERN AREA.

Assistant Commissioner S. Vilven, 26, Sotheby-road, Highbury, N.

Ambulance.-Leyton and Ley tons tone, Hackney, St. Marks, East Ham, Waltham stow, Beckton, Royal Arsenal, Ilford, Erith, Barking, Grays, South end, Limehouse.

Nursz'17g.-Children's Home, East Ham, Walthamstow, Ilford, Ley ton and Leytonstone, Manor Park, Beckton, \Vest Ham, Southend, Barking, Stratford, Limehouse, Grays.

WESTERN AREA.

Assistant Commissioner Lt.-Colonel F. Brooks, M.D., 12, Lansdale-road, Bedford Park, W.l 3.

Ambulance.-Wembley and Harlesden, Merton and Wimbledon, Harrow, Paddington(G.W.'R...), Victoria(L.B.&S.C.R.)

Acton, Brentford, Southall, Kensington, GOl'ringe Park, Twickenham, Ealing.

iVursz'ng. -Wembley, Wimbledon, Kensington, Harrow, Richmond, Thomey Island, Acton, Paddington, Willesden, Twickenham.

CENTRAL AREA.

District Supt. Capt. W. J. Pontin, M. B.E., St. John's Gate, E.C.I.

St. John's Gate, Haggerston, Cyclist, Toyn-

bee Hall, King's Cross ( G.N.R.), Hospital Saturday Fund, East London, Barclay Perkil15, London Post Office, W. H. Smith & Sons, City of London, London City Mission, Horseferry, Shoreditc h.

Nursz'ng.-St. John's Gate, Hospital Saturday Fund, Craig'S Court House, \Vhitehall, London Post Office, Temple, Finsbury.

NORTHERN AREA.

District Surgeon C. J. R. MacFadden, O.B.E., M.D., 30, Frognal, N.vV.

AmbulalZ ce.-Hampstead, Tottenham and Hampstead Junction Railway, Barnet, Cheshunt, Watford, Cricklewood, St. Pancras Y.M.C.A., Boro of St. Pancras, Tottenham, Enfield, Stoke N ewmgton, Northern Heights.

lVursz'ng-.- \Vatford, Hampstead, Northern Polytechnic, Enfield, Galden Suburb.

SOUTHERN AREA.

District Officer Capt. L. F. Hayman, 8, Long Lane, E.C.I. Ambula71 ce .-New Cross (L.B. & S.C.R.), South Metropolitan Gas Co. Corps and its Divisions, Bromley, Norwood, Lambeth, Bermondsey, 1'\ orth Camber well, Willow Walk (L. B. & S.C. R ), Croydon, Carshalton.

lVursz'nR.-Norwood, Balham and Streatham, Croydon, New Cross, East Croydon and Addiscombe, Brixton, Blackheath, South Metropolitan Gas Co.

As these areas will be administered in accordance with Officers in charge of Divisions should see that they are in possession of this B.O., copies of which can be obtained on application to the Chief Commissioner.

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Lady Divisional Supt. Mrs. Sarah Griffiths, a.B.E., to be Lady District Officer for Gloucestershire, 3.4.23 Mrs. Elizabeth Chinery to be Lady District Officer for Hampshire, 11.3.23

Divisional Supt. John Henry Philip Batt to be District Officer for Berkshire, 10 323 Bath Nllrsing Dlvision.-Lady Supt. Mrs. Corbet transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 2-4.23 Bishops Waltham Divlsion.-Wallace Drew Mitchell M.B. Ch.B , to be Divisional Surgeon, 7.3.23 " City of Bristol Corps (Clifton Dlvision).-Corpl. Robert Edward Senmgton to be Ambulance Officer, 5.2.23, vice R. Bradley resigned.

Cheltenham Corps (Friendly Societies Division).-Ambulance Officer W. Tandy to be Divisional Supt., 12.12.22 Reading (G.W.R.) Division.-Ambulance Officer Henry Banks to be Divisional Supt., 23.3. 23 Southampton Corps (Netley Nursing Division).-Ambulance Sister Isabel Edith Baldock to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 11.3.23

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Corps (Kynoch Division).-Ambulance Officer .James Henry Baguley, to be Divisional Supt., 28.3. 23 Leicester Corps (CoalVIlle Nursing Division).-Lady Officer Miss Moseley resigned, 34 2 3 Leicester Corps (Leicester Nursing Division).-Lady Supt.

- FiRST Aib & THE ST. J OHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- April, 1923

B. Flint transferred to the Leicester NUr!;ing Division supernumerary to establishment, 7.1.23

North Worcestershire Corps (Rowley Regis Division).Herbert Stanley Bennett to be Ambulance Officer, 13.323

Tamworth Division.-Ambulance Officer William Henry Chandler to be Divisional Supt., 22.3 23

Staff Sergt. William Armstrong to be Ambulance Officer, 22.3. 2 3

Warwickshire Corps (City of Coventry Division).-Ambulance Officer Herbert Jackson to be Divisional Supt., 22.3 23

Warwickshire Corps (Foleshill and Longford Division).-

Ambulance Officer William Henry Sephton to be Divisional Supt.,8·3·23

Warwickshire Corps (Rugby Division).-Sergt. Harry F. Towers to be Divisional Supt., 16.3.23

Wellingborough Corps (Rushden Division).-Pte. John Marshall Bailey to be Divisional Supt., 19 .323

vVeliingborough Corps (W oollaston DI vislOn).-Staff Sergt. John Arthur Drage to be Ambulance Officer.

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Accrington Corps.-Corps Officer J. Baron resigned, 20.3. 2 3

Birkenhead Nursing Division .- Lady Supt. Mrs. Hudson transferred from Cammell Laird Nursing Division supernumerary to establishment, 1.3 23

Bolton Corps ( Westhoughton Division).-Albert Halliwell to be Divisional Supt., 28.323

Chorley Division.-Ambulance Officer R. Rigby resigned, 11.4. 2 3

Crompton Nursing Division.-Lady Supt. L. Morton resigned 203.23

Dukinfield Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Bertha Dawson to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 6 3.23

Leigh Division.-E. Mowat, M.B., F.R.C.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 143.23

Manchester and Salford Corps (Ard wick Division).Joseph Elias Le zam n, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S , to be Divisional S:.lrgeon, 16.3.23

Oldham Corps (Equitabl e Division). -Corpl. Harry Mellor to be Ambulance Officer, 23.3.23

Preston Corps.-Divisional Surgeon R. Wilkins transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 25.IO.22

No. 5 DISTRICT.

Boston Division. -Sta nley Augustus Pearson to be Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes, 10.2.23

Derby Nursing Division.-Nursmg Officer S. Rowan transferred to Southend-on-Sea Nursing Division supernumerary to es tablishment, 203.23

Dewsbury and District Corps (Birstal Nursing Division).

- Emily Ryder to be Lady Divisional Supt., 3.3.23

Dewsbury and District Corps ( Horbury Nursing Division).

- Lady Ambulance Officer Alice Blackburn to be Lady Divisional Supt., 3 3. 23

Earby Dlvision.-Sergt. Irvy Ellis to be Ambulance Officer, 7.3.23

Halifax and District Corps.-Corps Officer E. Smith transferred to Brigade Reserve, 5.2.23

Leeds Corps (Victoria Nursing Division).-Ambulance Sister lHi lda Hainsworth to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 1.3. 2 3

Lincoln Corps.-Sergt. Herbert Saxby Chant to be Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes, 27.3.23

Longton and District Corps ( Longton Nursing Division).

- Lady Ambulance Officer Florence Moore to be Lady Divisional Supt., 2.3 23

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Lady District Officer 11(s Hyde resigned, 15<1023 District Supt. H. Stobart resigned, 16.3.23

Derwent Valley Corps (Annfield Plain and District Division).-William Mackenzie Morrison, L.R.C.P. & S., D.P.H., to be Divisional Surgeon, 12.3 2 3

Dewent Valley Corps (Consett and District Division).Corpl. Joseph Almond to be Ambulance Officer, 28.3.23

Hull Corps.-Corps Officer F. Wilson resigned, 13.3 23

Hull Corps (Central Division).-Sergt. Ernest Edward Eggleton to be Ambulance Officer, 10.3 23

Hull Corps (De La Pole Nursing Division) -Divisional Surge0n T. Richie Rodger transferred to Brigade Reserve, 16.3 2 3

Hull Corps (De La Pole Division). -James Hepburn, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 20.3.23

Middlesborough Central Nursing Dlvision.-Ambulance

Sister Louie Northfell to be Lady Divisional Supt., 2.3.2 .)

Grace Haxton Giffen Dundas, F. R C.S., D.P.H., to be Lady Divisional Surgeon, 2.3 23

Gateshead Borough Vivision.-Ambulance Officer R. Adams resigned, 2.4.23

North Durham Corps (Dunston Division).-Ambulance

Officer Robert Alfred Porter to be Divisional Supt., 23.3.23

South Shields Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Barbara Wilhelmina Skinner to be Lady Ambulance Officer,

2.3: 2 3

Stockton and Thornaby Division.-John Buckley to be Divisionai Supt., 12.3 23

NO.7 DISTRICT.

Ironbridge Corps (Madeley Division ).-Va ughan Lloyd Evans, M.B., Ch.B., F.R.C. S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 8.3 2 3

lronbridge Corps (Wellington Nursing Division).-

David John Max, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 7.3 . 2 3

No.8. DISTRICT.

Sergt. Herbert Brul1el Armitage Evershed to be Distr ic t Officer, 28.3.23

Brighton and Hove Corps (Hove Nursing Division).Christopher George Schurr, M.R C.S , L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 7.3 .23

Maidstone Nursing Divisinn -Ambulance Sister Esther Bellingham to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 10.323

No. 9 DISTRICT.

Bodmin Nursing Division.-Margaret Best to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 19.323

Falmouth Division. - Ambulance Officer John Wtlliam Fossit Bonds to be Divisional Supt., 233.23

Sergt. Frederick Charles Roberts to be A mbulance Officer, 23.3.23

Friary Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Daisy Lawrence to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 10.323

Sherwell Nursing Ida Ramsay, M.D., F.R.C.S., D.P.H., to be DIVISional Surgeon, 103 .23

St. Anstell Railway Division .-Stephen Thomas Johns to be Divisional Supt., IO.3.23

St. Ives Division -Pte. William Henry Care to be Ambulance Officer, 16 .3 .23

Ashford Station Division.-Ambulance Officer Joseph Petrick Flavin to be Divisional Supt., 1.3.23

No. I2 DISTRICT.

Ballinsloe Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon Dr. Rutherford resigned, 20.3.23

NEW DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named ;PRINCE OF WALES'S DI STR ICT.

East Waltham stow Division.- -Sanctioned, 23. 23

South. Metropolitan Gas Co. Divisions (Nos. 1,2,3 and 4).-Sanctloned, 1.1.23

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Stroud Nursing Division.-Re-instated on Roll of Brigade, 5-4.23

Sandhurst Division.-Disbanded, 20.3. 2 3

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Northampton Cadet Nursing Division. - Sanctioned, 7.4. 2 3

Hallaton Division.-Disbanded, 20.3. 23

Sapcott and District Division.-Disbanded, 20.3. 23

April, 1923. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- 193

Barwell Division.-Disbanded, 20.3.23

Loughborough (G.c.R.) Division.-Disbanded, 20.323

Tower Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 20.3.23

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Astley Bridge Division.-Disbanded, 2.4.23

Carlisle Division.-Disbanded, 2 'P3

Boothstown Division.-Disbanded, 2.3.23

Ellesmere Railway Division.-Disbanded, 2,4 23

Worsley Division.-Disbanded, 2.-123

Heysham Division.-D isb anded, 2.4.23

Knutsford Division.-Disbanded, 2.-123

Poulton·le-Flyde Division.-Disbanded, 2-4.23

Stockton Heath Division.-Disbanded, 2.423

Thorn-le-Fylde Division.-Disbanded, 2.3.23

Westhoughton Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 2.423

Bolton Y.W.C.A. Division.-Disbanded, 2.423

Coppull Division.-Disbanded, 24.23

Ebectwe Cleveleys Division.-Disbanded, 2 -123

Grassendale Division.-Disbanded, 2-4023

Pen wortham Division.-Disbanded, 2-4023

Rishton Division Disbanded, 2-4.23

Cammell Laird Nursing Division. - Disbanded, 1.323

Birkenhead Y.M.C.A. Division.- Re-named Birkenhead

Y.M.C.A. and Claughton Division, 1.3.23

NO.5 DI STRICT

Sheffield L. ,i'v1 & S. Railway Division.-Sanctioned, 20.3.23

Brimington Division.-Sanctioned, 223.23

Basford Division.-Sanctioned, 20.3.23

Spalding Division.-Sanctioned, 30.323

Lincoln Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 27.323

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Neptune Street (H. & B.Ry.) Division.-Re-named

West Division, Hull Corps.

Hedon Nursing Divlsion.-Disbanded, 2-423

Lumley Division.-Disbanded, 20.3.23

Shiremoor Division. - Disbanded, 20.3.23

Hull Springhead LOCO Division.-Disbanded, I5.3.23

North Warbottle Division .-Disbanded, 15 323

Withernsea Division.-Disbanded, 20.3.23

No. II DISTRICT.

North Kent Division. -R e-named Woolwich Division, 2-4.23

DEATHS

Divisional Surgeon VV. Purvis, Southampton Nursing Division, 13 .').23

Divisional Surgeon R. Younger, Wallsend Borough Division, 17.3 23

JAMES R. A. CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

Service Medal and Service Medal Bars.

THE following applications for the Service Medal and the Service Medal Bar have been approved by the- Cbief Commissioner.

SERVIC E MEDALS. No. I DISTRICT.

Barker, Staff-Sergt. J. E. No. 13 (South Metropolitan Gas Co .) Corps 1922

Benstead, Sergt. D. H. No. 49 (Erith) Division ) 1921

Ginbey, H. J. No. 15 (East Ham) Division 1922

Saunders, District Supt. A. W. No. 51 ( Droydon ) Division 19 22

Terry, Corpl. H. G. No. IS (East Ham) Division I C)2::! White, Pte. C. E. No. 20 (Hampstead) D ivisio n 19 22 Wright, Sergt. R. W. No. II (Wembley and Harlesden) Divi:.ion 19 22

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Castle, Lady-Ambulance Officer E. B. Bath City Nursing Division 1922

Clark, Sergt. T. \\1. City of Gloucester Division 1921

Crow, Pte. H. Bath City Division 1922

Hobbs, Cpl. F. A. Alverstoke Division 1922

NO.3 DISTRICT.

DiX', Cpl. T. Olney Division ICJ22

Huckle, Pte. A. Olney Division 1922 Knight District-Supt. vV. C. Olney Division 1922

Minard, Pte. H. Olney Division 1922

Parker, CpI. H. N. Wellingborough Headquarters Division 1')22

Sandeno, Pte. F. L., Wellingbcrough Headquarters Division 1922

Tiney, Pte. A. E., Twywel1 Division 1922

Watson, Lady Divisional Supt. J., Kettering CoOperative Division 1922

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Horner, Sergt. J., Barrow·in-Furness Division 1922

Probert, Sergt. P., Barrow - in-Furness Division 1920

Wright, DiVisional Supt. C., Rawtenstall Division 1922

No. 5 DISTRICT.

Berry, Corpl. J. Mansfield Division. 1917

Codd, Corps Officer W. A. Lincoln Corps. 1922

Hadfield, Corps Officer B. Denaby MaID Corps. 1922

Heaton, Ambulance Sister S. A. Sowerby Bndge Nursing Division.

Milnes, Divisional Supt. G. H. Denaby D iv ision. 1922

Seaton, Ambulance Officer H. B. Lin co ln" A" Division. 1922

Scar, Ambulance Officer M. Cadeby Division. 1921

Wadsworth, Ambulance Sister H. Sowerby Bridge Nursing Division. 1922

NO.6 DI STRICT.

Arrowsmith, Divisional Supt. E. E. South Shields Nursing Division. 1922

Atkinson, Corpl. G . Hull \Vestern Division. 1922

Burrill, Sergt. J. D. Neptune Street Division, Hull Corps. 1922

Coffell, Pte. G. Felling Colliery Division 1922

Hyett, Sergt. W. G. British Gas Light Co. Division, Hull Corps. 1922

McPherson, Pte. D. E. Felling Colliery Division. 19 22

Skinner. Lady Ambulance Officer B . \V. Soulh Shields Nursing Division. 19 21

Smith, Ambulance Officer E. J. Reckitt's Division, Hull Corps.

NO.7 DISTRICT.

Pooler, Sgt. J. l\ladeley D vision i914

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Adams, Cpl. W. D. Chatham & District Division I922

Martins, Ambulance Sister A. H. Hamsgate Nursing Division 19:!2 Medland. Ambulance A. 1\1. Ramsg-ate Nursing Division 19 22

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Hockin, Corporal J. P. l\Tilibay Railway Division 1922

No. IO DISTRI CT.

Norton, Sergt. G. S. Orwell Works Division,Ipswich 1922

Smith, Corps Officer W. C. Ipswich Corps 19 22

No. I DISTRICT.

Hawksworth, District Supt. F. A. Chatham Division 19.!2 FOR "VALES.

Jonathan, Ambulance Officer J. Glynneath Div!:;lOn 1')22 SER\'ICR MEDAL BARS (FiRST).

No. I DI ST RICT.

Cope, Sergt. H. V. No. 49 (Erith) Division 1932

- FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- April, 1923

1\IacFadden, District Surgeon C.J.R. Distr ic t Surg eon

Richardson, Sergt. G. R. No. II (W embley and Harlesden) Division

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Browne, Sergt. W. F. Rugby Division

l\Iynard, Staff-Sergt. J. L. Olney Division

Roberts, CorpI. C. W. Olney Division

Sparrow, CorpI. P. "\Vellingboro' Beadquarters Division

Tame, CorpI. J. Rugby Division

Towers, Sergt. H. F. Rugby Division

Verrier, Corps Supt. W. J. Warwickshire Corps

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Craig) Divisional Supt. J. Barrow-in-Furness Division

Titterington, Sergt. J. Morecambe Division.

Whitehead, Pte. 'V. Barrow-in-Furness Division.

Whiteside, Ambulance Officer W. T. Barrow-inFurness Division.

No.5 DISTRICT.

Sutcliffe, Divisional Supt. W. E. Shipley Central Division.

NO.6 DISTRICI.

Anthony, Corps Officer H. H ull Corps.

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Dunbar, Lady Ambulance Officer M. A. Nursing Division.

Grummant, Lady Divisional 3upt. A. Nursing Divisio n Jarman, Lady Ambula n ce Officer M. gate Nursing Division.

Williams, Ambulanc e Sister M. E. Nursing Division.

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Ramsgate Ramsgate A. RamsRamsgate

Wingfield, Ambulance Officer E. Millway Railway Division (SECOXD).

NO.3 DISTRICT. Butler, Staff-Sergt. J. Northampton Headquarters Division

Edwards, Distri ct Supt. W. E. Nort hampton Headquarters Division

Timson, Pte. J. F. Leicester W. Division

No ..J- DISTRICT.

Howarth, District Supt. C Whitworth Division Stott, District Supt. E. A. " "

Discipline.

THE necessity for disciplme in the Brigade is as essential as a higb standard of efficien cy in First Aid, and if the Brigade is to hold and maintain its prestige it should be fostered by those in command.

The advantages of a certain amount of military drill for members of Corps and Division are so apparent t ha t one of the conditions of efficie ncy is the attendance of at least 12 drills annually. Not only is drill necessary in order to enable the men to move in an orderly manner in the crowds, but it adds to their appearance in public and prevents that look of slovenliness which would be very apt to induce the public to think less highly of their smartness as am bulance men as des e rve ; the chief advantage, however, of drill amClunting indeed to an absolute necessity in the case of untrained men, is that it inca1culat'!s discipline, unquestioning obedience to orders,

which is undoubt e dly nec essary for men e ngaged on ambulance duty under trying circumstances on public occasions. It is a well e stablished fact that high er the discipline the higher the efficiency in First Aid.

It is not th e object of the Brigade to pose as a military body, but much drill should he practised, apart from the nec e ssary stretch e r drill, which itself pre ·supposes a certain acquaintance with military turni ng s, and marching, as will enable the men to do their work with ease and smartness, and will Ensure their passing on parade without unfavourable comm e nt from the c : itical eye of the public.

Points to rem e mb er ;-

I. If a uniform is worth wearing wear it to the credit of yours e lf and the or gan isation to which you belong.

2. When under the eyes of th e pu b lic extend to your offic e rs the courtesy which th e ir rank d e mands by coming promptly to attention and saluting.

3. When on duty don 't stand in slovenly manner or use the near e st substanti a l post for leaning against.

4. Remember when you ar e wearing th e Brigade uniform that you are und er an obligation to fulfil and to abid e by its Regulati on s, as you agree d to do wh e n signing form B.F.I. on enrolment. The m ai n point b l:: ing ob edience to your officet's commands.

5. Smoking when on duty sho uld not be allowed.

6. If you have grievances which desire righting, be constitutional, and a pply to have th e m righted through the proper chann e ls.

7. Always have in mind the interests of your Corps or Division and the Brigade generally, only by so doing can the n e cesmry facilities be obtained for you to carryon the self impos=d and self·sacrificing work of a First-Aid e r.

"Mr. Bones."

AM BULANCE workers in all part s of the country, who at some time or other have had an opportunity o[ witnessing the film producti on s of District Officer C. Hanmer will, we feel certain, be pl eased to learn of his latest addition to th e repertoire; a private exhibition of which was given at St. John's Gate on Wednesday, April 11th.

"Mr. Bones)) is th e title given to th e production by the producer, and this would give the impression of being so mething weird aDd gruesom e, which it probably woula be, we re it not for the smart humour interspersed, which removes all gru esomeness; but let me explain the impressions created on seeing the pro duction.

The first striking fea ture is the drop curtain of the little theatre on which the p e rformanc e is staged this has been prepared by an emine nt scenic arti st , and the c e ntre is a wonderful reproduction of the interior of the magnificent Hall at St. John's Gate.

The curtain ris e s and th e produc e r introduces "Mr. Bon es , " a beautiful sp e cim e n of a skeleton, who appears in a mysterious manner from th e floor of the stage. After greeting th e a udience , the head floats away from the trunk and alights on a pedestal, and from that point conducts a most valuable le sson in anatomy and physiology, keeping h is audienc e en tertained with b e wildering littl e illusions of an educational charact e r, glimp5es of 20th century X -ra} departments, introducin g all parts of the human framework in moti on -Radio Kin ema Photography.

As th e picture proceeds, it becomes more and more myst e rious, but at the same tim e valuable information is imparted to St. John workers and others, and proves

April, 19 2 3. -FIRST

undoubtedly that the "bone dry)) study of anatomy can be made most entertaining and fascinating.

Mr. Bones leav e s th e stage as mysteriously as he came, after inviting all present to join a St. John Am bulanc e Class at the earliest opportunity, and the curtain falls, leaving an audience of little" Olivers "-just gloating for more.

If you write to · Mr. Hanmer, at 205, Doncaster-road, Goldthorpe, nr. Rotherham, he will be very pl e ased to supply you with particulars of avai lable dates for exhibitions in )·our district.

V.A.D. Notes and News.

During the month si x V.A.D nurs ing me mbers were posted to Ministry of Pensions Hospitals. The following l ette rs have be e n r e ceived from V. A.D. members, who were gra nted free passages to the Colonies under the Oversea S ett eme nt Scheme:Town, February 22nd, 1923

"Thank you for your le tter of good wishes for the New Year.

'1 I have b ee n m e aning to wri te to you for some time,

AI D.- 1 95

"Shortly after my arrival here I obtaine d a good position in tbe University, which I held until I marriedless than twelve months and am ple ased to be able to say that both the Superintendent and th e Principal expressed their regret when I left. I received several beautiful preSEnts from the staff individually and collect ively, I am also glad to be able to say tha t I was very fortunate in my choice of a husband, he too is Irish and has proved himself as good a son-in-law as a hus b3.nd We are now buying our home and while I do all the sewi ng, etc., he makes some really beautiful little cabinets, ta ble s, jardinere stands, etc ., for it.

"I shall be very p eased indeed to give you any information r e girls coming to Canada, and may state lhlt the Old Country girls very rarely are lon g before obtaining p)sitions (or husbands) her e, as they are noted for being much better workers th an the Canadians, and less fond of dr e ,s or amus e ment. Al so any employer appreciates the deference shown by an Old Country girl, and which a Canadian will not accord to th em.

" I regr e t to sa y that the day on wh ich I received your letter, my little nephew died very suddenly of inftuenzl. Once more thanking you."

"S outh Africa.

" I thought you would like to know that I am quite settled down in my new hom e and like South Africa very

The first Cad ets in Wale s- formed in connection with the Maesteg Centr al Division.

but have be e n so busy. I l eft St. George's Orphanage to be married in May of last year, and am now living at Sea Point.

" I shall always remember the Overseas Society with much gratitude for all th e kind assistance I received when leaving England. If ever you are sendIng girls to take up posts in or near Cape Town, I shall be very pleased to welcome here if you like to give them my address.With best wishes.»

" Canada, " March 1St, I923.

" I received both your letters. I thank you very much for your assistance in th e past and your good wishes for )he future

much, th e climate is lovely. We had quite a nice trip. I was very glad to me e t Mrs. Gol h urst as she comes from quite near my home, we often go out together now. This is a very nice house with every com eniencc; I did'nt ex pect quit e so much comfort out here. I must thanK you and the Committee ve ry much for your kindness to me.

"My friend Miss Biker is wanting to come out here this year so have suggested that sh e should write to you, perhaps you could help her to get something suitabl e. She is now nurse to a little girl 6 years old.

Thanking you again for your great help"

" Cairo, "February 24th, 19 2 3.

"Many thanks for your letter of th e 27-1-23, convey-

-FIRST

iog to n:e th e good wishes of your Committee. I have now been in Cai' 0 Eeve ral months, but up to the present have not h a d any cases for massage. I am not entire ly depend en t on my work, I o n afford t.o wait. Unfort unately affairs here are no more s e ttled, and many of the British population are leaving Egypt. The wint e r climate of Cairo is p er fect, and I have k e pt very fit. It is now as hot and brilliantly sunny as a good summer 10 England."

" Toronto, February 13th, 1923.

"Many thanks for th e go:-d wishes of the Ov e rseas Settlement Comm it t ee-I r e ceiv e d the returned passage money without much trouble from the b a nk. I must say I had expected the whole of the 3rd class p a ss age money but suppose the Government contracted with th e Steamship The ships are still ch argi ng 82 d olla rs and I only received 40 95 dollars.

"I liki; Can add. on the whole very much, but I have only stayed in the country in summer , and so know n othing of life there. The h o us e s in he b e tt e r p l rt of this city are comfortable and easy to work.

"The.:e has bee n a good of un emp loyment among men and business girls thi s winter-but there is always domestic work to be got though the wagEs ar e lower than when I first came out in 1919.

" I should be glad to visit any V.A. D, who wishes it , or to be of us'" in any way I am a ble.

" My husband is not quite settled yet, so I let rooms to help pay for this house, which is in a good n e ighbourhood, and slightly uphill from the city itself."

J\mbulance j\(ews euttings.

The Editor invites nadel'S to seud mwspape1' cuttillgs on matters of .fL 'ural interest for inclusion l'lI this column.

CAT STIFLES BABY

How a cat suffocated a baby was told at a Rotherhithe inquest yesterday on Ellen Ann Bevan, age d 4 months, the c hild of a Bermondsey carman. The mother stated that she placed the child in a perambulator, and half an hour later found a cat lying across the baby's face and chest. Dea th was due to slow asphyxiation it was stated. Verdict, accide ntal death.-Daz'ly .1li)ror.

BACK FROl.I TIlE D EAD.

A Norwegian sailor named Harmensen, fell into the dock at Barry, Glamorganshire, while boarding h is s hip on Wednesday night. Deats 10IVered t? search for but a sl ig h t mist made the quest difficult, and It was not until some t im e after that he was found.

Harmenson's body, which was believed to be l ifeless was taken to the quay. It was e xamined, and, as it considered certain that life was extinct, orders were given for it to be taKen to the town mortuary.

A stretcher was sent for, but in the meantime a Barry coaltrimmer named Evan Gnffiths who was passing the pl ace heard what had happened, and asked permission to apply a method of artificial respiration to the body of the supposed dead man.

PermissIOn was given, but atfirst it seemed that the task was hopeless. Half an hour later, however, the coal·trimmer had his reward in signs of returning consciousness He pers ev er ed with Schafet':; Artificial Respiration, and eventually full r e spira t io n was restored. Harmensen came back to I fe, and was taken to hf)spital, where it was reported last night that he fairly C) mfortable.-lJaz'ly Jlltil,

fetters to the

We are tn no way respfiftsible tor tlle opinions expressed, or the statements made. b, Conespondcnts.-EDITOR.

IMPROVEMENT OF COMPETITIONS ,

SIR,-There appelrs to be plenty of room for improvement in present day competitions in more ways than one. The organisation of competitions have been very much at fault lately in NO.5 district, I attended one at Bradford as a spectator a n May 25th of the nursing divisions of the No. 5 District, competing for the "Birkbeck" bowl, some nursing divisions sent five members to a squad, while others only sent four, this to my mind is a very careless blunder. Most of the ladies of these Nursing Divisions I understand are work ing girls, and in this instance had to lose a days' wage, also train fares and other expenses that in itself caused great dissatisfaction. There should be a standing order that four constitutes a competition squad, malt! or female, and patients should not necessarily be first-aiders. Competitions nowadays should only be judged by medical men, it gives satisfaction all round, In the Bradford Competition the marks gained by members in the individual test ( oral and practical ) were not given out, this most certainly should have been done and the total marks addt!d on to marks gained in the team tests,- Yours, etc " CRITIC.

FIRST-AID CERTIFICATES.

SIR,-In regard to the issuing of First-Aid Certificates, which are only suitable for keep ng at home, consider that a duplicate certificate, on parchment, or a hard -w eariug paper, might very well be offered for a small fee, to be carried by a member of the Association or Brigade not in uniform; as an authority i n addition to his badge; this in my opinion would prevent meddlesome First Aid by persons unqualified, if a certificated ambulance man was available.

ALFRED S, PH ELPS.

CADET UNIFORMS.

DEAR SIR,-In your issue of November, notice that attention is being given to haversac, etc., and wost probably the question of overcoats will come up.

I s hould like to mention a sugg-estion I made to the Commission for Wales (and weich I think he is referring to London ) in which I stated" that I would respectfully suggest in reference to overcoat that boys, we are aware, don't always relish these, and besides, there is the question of e quickly outgrowing them,' and boys, being what we may call young blood,' will keep warm when marching."

In case of wet, I would suggest a cape (after the style of a policeman's) with certain white braid, thus ensuring the shoulders, back and chest being kept dry, and the wet would run off more easily, and would be more easily carried than a coat. - Yours faithfully,

G. H. B. JAMES.

The annuai comp :: tition for the Northumberland Bror ze Shi e ld, und e r the ampices of the No.6 District of th e S.J.A.B., was decided on April 7th at the Headqu art e rs. The judge was Dr. D. F. Kelly, and he gave his awards as follows :-1, "A" team, Cail Division, Ashington Corps, 285 marks; 2," A" t e am, St. Peters W orks Division, Newc a) tl e Corps, 280. The semi-final round (or the Gibbon Bowl as follows :-1 , "B"

t eam St. Pet e rs Works Division, Newcastle Corps, 282 ; 2, .1 B" team, Wallsend Borough Division, North Tyneside Corps, 223.

April, 19:13·

-FIR.ST Individual Tests.

THE following are the two Individual Practical Tests recently Sct by Dr. Corbet Fletchtr for t?e Bowl"

Competition in the Prince of Wales ::> DistrIct, S.J.A.B :-

No. I.-You are in a tramcar in the North of London. Opposite you is a man who holds a baby his arms This man suddenly acts in a peculiar way suggestive of a comlDg fit. The conductor of tram is very upset and the other passengers scurry to upper end of tram. Act as you should.

Mode of advance on patient

Sei ze baby; hand to passenger

Catch man before he falls on floor

I nvite assistance of conductor

Place man recumbent on seat

Loosen clothes, neck, chest, waist

Support man's head; protect tongue

Ask conductor open door, and wlDdows

Gently restra in movements: cover warmly

Enquire if doctor available (No)

Ask for hospital (tram jJasses door)

Ask if patient better ( Yes)

Decide remove to hospital

Assist patient walk across road

Deliver at hospital report to Doctor

Effic iency of methods

No. 2.-You are travelling in the Dining Saloon of an express tra i n. Suddenly your opposite neighbour, a midd l e

and j\nswet's to eort'espondents.

-2ueries will be dealt with under the following rules :-

I.-Letters containin[, Queries must be marked on tke top left hano. corner 0/ the envelope "Query," and addressed-FiRsT AID, 46, Cannon-street, LondQn, E. C, 4, 2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut fro11 the current issue 0/ the /ournal, or in case 0/ Quertes from abroa< from a recent issue.

Textbook, to which reference may be made in these colu?nm is tke 36th (I920) Edition 0/ S.J.A,A. Manual of First-Aid.

TRIAN GULAR BANDA GE FOR HIP.

D. R. (Stockport).-Please tell us the correct way to apply the triangular bandage for hip. Our Demomtrator tel! us to apply dressing bandagefi1 st; but our adVises us to begin by placing body bandage 10 pOSitIOn. Refer to Textbook ( p. 162), where you will find that your Demonstrator is at fault. Further, a little th0ught will convince you that, unless the body bandage is applied first, your difficulties in placing the dressing bandage proper will be greatly increased. - N. COR BET FLET CHE R.

CON T ROL- OL,' BLEEDlXG FROl\l FOREARM.

D. R. ( Stockport ).-l\I ay I (1) if there is an artery at the point "Brachial Flexion" in Frontispiece. of Textbook, and ( 2 ) if at this place severe arterial bleeding from forearm can be by pressure on Radial and Ulnar Arteries. Our Demonstrator tells us that ( 1) there there is no artery at this po int, and (2) that bleed ing from these arteries can be controlled by flexion. Our Doctor, however, says that ( I there is an artery, but (2) that bleeding from these arteries cannot be at this point.

The Brachial Artery divides into Radial and Ulnar Arteries opposite the head of radius, that is, just below crease of skin over front of elbow joint. In other words, Brachial Flexion is used to control bleeding from forearm by pressure on lower end of Brachial Artery at elbow joint and not on Radial and Ulnar Arteries.-N.C.F.

A CO:\ll)L!CAT ED CO:\lP ETl1lON TE ST C. P. (N ew South give your advice as to the correct way in which we should treat the following c ase recently set as Team Test in a competition.

B} courtesy) ["Jew ish Ch"oll'cle

The Bombay Jewish Ambulance

aged man, coughs up a large quantity of bright red blood. He is very pale, but there are no signs of collapse. Act as you should.

With tact and with encouraging words

Seek a,;sistance of attendant, and

Place him flat on seat of carriage

With head low and turned to s ide

Ask if Doctor on train (No)

Loosen clothing-, neck, chest, waist

Ask attendant open all windows

Ask man ifliable to attacks ( Yes J' if(ht l Ull/{ )

Incline slightly towards r ig ht lung

Sprinkle face, fan freely, smelling sailS

Avoid other forms of stimulants

G ive ice to suck; apply ice to chest

Cover warmly with coat or rug

Enquire results of treatment (be tter)

Arrange transport at end of journey

"Through jumping from a train while in motion, a man, known to be subject to Epilepsy, sustains ( 1) a fracture of right thigh just above knee joint with blood welling from wound, and (2) a compound fracture of lower jaw compl ic ated by injury to facial artery, due to fragment of broken jaw penetrating this vessel. Immediately after the accident, the pat ent goes into a seyere Epileptic fit. Treat and remove to hospital."

Wheugh! What a .e test" ! If it were a real case, then 1- as a First Aider-should move heaven and earth to get a doctor on the spot and let him tackle the job. As, however, it is a competition test, then I-as a Competition Judge-frankly label it as one of these dead, or dying, tests which rarely, if ever, afford practical proof of the ability of ambulance men to deal with" cases of actual emerg e nc y. "

As for treatment, during the Epileptic convulsions all your team could do would be take steps, as far as .t/zey co uld, to prevent aggravation of injuries rece ived. Thus, two members should protect, if they could, the compound, complicated fracture of thigh, while the other two should act sim ilarly with reference to the compound complicated fracture of lower jaw. The fit ended, then each pair of men should rapidly

-FIRST

treat the injuries allotted to them-the first pair by controlling bleedIng first, dressing wound, and fixing up th.igh Involving knee-joint; the second pair by controlling bleed lOg, dressing wound, and then applying bandag e for fractured Jaw, which banda g e, theoretically at least and accordi ng to Textbook (par. c, p. 90), can be used to press on pad over wound of facial artery, a step in treatment justified, in spit e of Textbook instructions (G eneral Rule 10, p. 85) by the fact the artery is already severed and must be controlled even If there be some risk to subja c ent fractured lower jaw. Then, after.wards, the team should combine together to remove the patIent top speed to hospital or other place where doctors are avail· able.- T.C. F.

ANOTH

ER CQ;\IPLIC_UED TEST.

C.P. (N ew South \Vales ) :-Please solve this Team Test also for us. "A tree falls on a man. \Vhen extricated, he IS found to have sustained (1) a compound fracture of right femur one inch below fold of groin with severe artel ia bleeding, (2) fractures of 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th nbs, midway between sternum and spine (left side ) and complicated by injury to lung, and (3) a wound one lOch long in lumbar region of back. You are required to remove patient to hospital on a stretcher improvised from saplings supplied."

Another stupid dead-or-dying "test"! From the FirstAid standp oi nt the wisest thing to do would be to send out a wIreless " S.O.S." for medical assistance, and meanwhile (1) to avoid all attempts at removal, (2) to concentrate on digital compression of Right Femoral Artery, and (3) to take steps to combat shock (a ssociated with injuries to thigh, ribs and lungs) by keeping patient recombent, warmly covered up, &c.

In short, I consider that the Principles of First-Aid contraindic:ate ALL attempts to remove such a patient from the place of the emergen cy. If, however, competition requirements compel you to take unjustifiable risks, then all you can do is to keep up continuou5 digItal pressure on femoral artery, to dress femoral and lumbar ".:ounds quickly, to control fractured thigh as best you may, to keep patient as flat and immovable as you can on account of lung Injury while you 101d on to improvised stretcher, and to remove with all speed to hqspital, on the steps of which your patient will probably expire! :-N.C.F.

A THIRD COi\IPLlCATED CO;,IPETITION TEST.

C P. (N ew South Wales).-Please solve for us this third test set in a recent competition, and accept in advance our sincere thanks for this, and all, your kindly help.

"A passenger falls from a rapidly-moving train, and sustains (1) a simple fracture of both bones of left leg midway between ankle and knee, (2) a lacerated wound (wit h free bleeding ) four inches above fracture, (3) a deep transverse wound of abdominal wall (8 inches long) at level of navel and with intestine protruding) (4) a depressed compound fracture of skull in right temple accompanied by spurts of bright red blood from wound. Patient is insensible."

This is the least impractical test of a wonderful series of dead ·or-dying cases, though I surmise that even in this instance death, due to shock, would rapidly supervene in an actual emergency.

Here, again, the only correct First-Aid treatment is to summon a doctor" at once-x! not before," to take charge of case. As, however, your competition instructions are to treat and remove, then let two men deal with leg-its fracture and its lacerated wound, and let toe other two tackle the abdomlOal injury and wound of scalp. In all cases, treat wound and bleeding first.

This done, all bearers should combine to place patient on stretcher preparatory to removal, with the foHowing mod Ifications of treatment usually indicated for the several injuries. Thus, (1) in spite of Textbook (last paragraph p. 118) I should keep head and shoulders low because of head injury; (2) in spite of Textbook ( General Rule 2, p. 80) I should tie together and raise both legs after the left leg had been effectually controlled by splints, to relax tension on abdominal wound; (3) in spite of Textbo)k (last paragraph p. II8) I should cover up

AID.-

April, 1923

wonn(1 but omit the fomentation" every two or three minutes," to avoid unnecessary waste of time and Meddlesome FirstAid; and (4) I should rush patient without aJlll delays to hospital and medical assistance, hoping that patient would survive the ordeal of transport.-N.C.F.

HOME OFFICE DRE SS[l\(; S

H.H. (Custom's House) :-1 am the offi ci al First-Aider for a big shipping firm which imports large quantities of dry hides to thiS country, and which, to comply WIth Home Office Regulations has recently added the following to my outfit-iodoform, boric, alembroth, double cyanide gauzes anrl zinc oxide plaster.

\Ve have recently had a fatal case 0: anthrax poisoning, and so I ask you, with your usual kindness, to indicate the uses of these various dressings which, I lake It, are intended for prevention against infection of wounds.

The gauzes named are impregnated with various kinds of antiseptics which serve to protect wounds from the germs usually associated with" septic infection}j of wounds; and the choice of gauze as a dresslOg for this depends on the predilections of indIvidual doctors, (or whose benefit (a nd fanc ies) the Home Office wastefully requires you to carry a wide aSSortment of dreS Si ngs. Possi )Iy double cyanide is to-day the most popular of the gauzes, not one of which, hoy. ever, c;:ln be regarded as a !'pec1flc agalOst anthrax infection. Double cyanide should not be used after lodme has been applied, because this combination may irritate and burn the wound and surrounding skID,

Zinc plaster is said by some to exert an antisf'ptic and sedative effect on a wound but ItS use as a ·Flrst-Aid cil essing for receot wounds is contrary to the PrInCIples of Flrst-Auj ( Textbook p. 86), be ca use plaster, belOg a more or less permanent dreSSIng, should not be applied until a doctor ha s examined the wound. By the way, thIS rule does J/ot contraindicale the use of plaster to hold a dresslDg m posllion, especially when such use might tend to keep the lIps of a wound from" ga ping apart."-N.C.F.

TREAT:.IENT OF DOG-BIH.

M. D. (London).-I know you like a joke. So I send you the following answer recently given to me in a S.J .A.A. examination.

1 a candidate what he would do if he had to treat a man bitten in the calf of the leg by a mad dog. \Vithout hesitation he replied that he would apply a ligature on heart side of wound, tightly round the abdomen!

Many thanks. 1 agree with you that this would indeed be " some ligature" and one which would come within the scope of Meddlesome First Aid.-N.C. F.

TREATMENT OF DISLOCATED SHOuLDER.

S.B. (Notti ngham ) :-In a recent examination I was told to treat a man for supposed Dislocation of Shoulder. The patient had his forearm bent at right angles to arm. In my treatment I at once secured arm to trunk with a broad bandage passed round trunk of body, and supported forearm in a large arm sling.

The elCaminer told me that I was wrong, and that I should have placed forearm down by patient's side and secured it in this position to body with two bandages. As I disagree, I submit the point to your ruling which 1 accept in advance as true and final!

The Textbook (p. 69) tells you to "support limb in whatever position gives most ease to patient,') an instruction which necessitates personal enquiries directed to patient himself. The practical test for dislocation of shoulder is to place elbow of affected limb on front of chest, and then to press hand (and forearm) of same limb on shoulder (and chest) of opposite side. If patient can do this, then ciislocatlon of shoulder is definitely excluded; if he cannot, then be on your guard and examine shoulder joint for dislocation.

April, 923 -FIRST

Frankly, I have never met a dislocated shoulder, with which the forearm of affected side could possibly-with "ease" to patient-be placed and kept alongside the body. Under these circumstances, favour your treatment, except that you omitted the padding so necessary to fill up the unnatural space which, in my experience, invariably appears in the armpit to a greater or less extent when the head of humerus is persistently displaced from the shallow cup·like cavity of the scapula.N.C.F.

COND UCT OF COJ\IPETlTIONS.

B. N (N ewcastle ).- in a recent competition I asked the Judge if patient was "conscious. " He replied that lze did not know. Consequently I treated patient as "unconscious" whereas I discovered too late that he was supposed to be "fully conscious." Surely this was an unfair answer.

Not a bit, provided that, as ! believe from your statement of facts, the Judge was prepared to respond if, following the Textbook ( p. 127 ), you had tried to "arouse" patient by actually speaking to him or by touching him.

For myselF, in competition 1 always refuse to answer direct questions, but immediately disclo..;e any fact which" the correct use of your senses might discover in such emergency"-an attitude which is essential in a Judge who desires tv act strictly "as in actual emC"rgency "- wherein patients are 1lOtlabelled as "conscious or unconscious, " or suffering from "fracture or dIslocation, " &c., &r. So your Judge was clearly a rran after my own heart N.C.F.

SPLCI\lEX CO:'lII'.!<.TITION TE'iT S

c.R. (S outh Africa :-Please tell me where 1 can obtain specimen tests su-h as are set in modern competitIons.

:'11 essrs. Bale Sons and Danielsson (83'9 1, Great Titchfieldstreet, W ) are bringing out a series of three folders (price 3d. each ,. Each folder contams stretcher, individual and questIOn tests together with some" Ilints on Competition" which are spread out through the series. The first folder is now ready for publication.-N.C.F.

A Useful Motor Ambulance.

A CHASSIS extremely suitable for ambulance work is that of the well known "Austm Twenty" car, which runs with unusual quietness, thanks to the great reserve of power in its engine, which is extremely flexible. Moreover, the chass is has exceptionally long rear springs, which are underslung. As the chassis has four speeds, the changes

are graduated easily, though indeed practically all the work is done on top gear.

The naval ambulance shown here is one of six supplied to the Admiralty last year. The special bodies, fitted to the" Austin Twenty" chassis contain two stretchers one above the other, and alternatively there is sitting accommodation for eight cases.

The price of the chassis is now but £ Sao at work.::, and the Austin Motor Company will arrange tor the fitting of bodies to order.

Restores in fatigue and preserves health

Members of the St John Ambulance Brigade and all those who engage in First Aid work realise that there is nothing to equal a cup of delicious "Ovaltine" for restoring and preventing fatigue. It is invaluable when long hours have to be worked under ur.favourable weather conditions.

Containing the recuperative and restorative elements of ripe barley malt. creamy rT'ilk, fresh eggs and cocoa, cne cup of "Ovaltine" supplies more nourishment Ihan 12 cups of beef extract, 3 eggs or 7 cups of cocoa.

Taken regularly "Ovaltine" gives and maintains health and strength. It should be the daily beverage for everyone in place of tea, coffee and other beverages whIch are merely stimulants.

J2MC_..fOOD BEVERAGE

Builds-up Brain, nerve and Bod!1

Sold by Ch emists and Stores at If6, 2 '6 alld 4:6. .It is eco1lolllical to purchase tile larger si:;ed hns A. WANDER, Ltd ., 45, COWCl'OSS St., London, E.C.l.

Apr il , 192 3. -FIRST AID .- 201 Price 6d. no Post free 7d. NOTES ON FIRST AID SIMPLIFIED, By Sidney H. Lamb. A JIandbook in a and simplified form giv ng the main poi n ts in first aid, so a rr a n ged as to imp ress them on the memory of the student DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon St., I ONDON, E,C.4.

Waund Dressing with 'Y adil '

factories and " orkshops ,,·here accidents frcqucntl)- happcn, the oj , Yadil ' A ntiseptic is steadily gTo\\·ing-. First-aid \yorkcrs ha.\'e found that it not only heals rapidly. but preYents cuts, \\ 'ou nds. abrasions, etc., from becoming septic. Being simple to apply it sa\'cs the C()<.)t of man\ dressings and fomentations

Employees \\'elcome Yadil' because. applied with a neat bandage held III place \yith strapping, it cnables a thcm to continue their \york. Tht' ordinary dressings often makes this impossible.

The dressing of\\'ounds is only one of the many of' Yac.lil. · It is eq uall y effectiye in the trcatment of all diseasrs of microbic orig'i n. incl uc.li I1g inl1uenza, pneumonia, diphtheria. malaria, erysipelas, ulcers, lupus, bronchitis, catarrh, coughs and colds, mea sIcs, scarlct fC\·cr. and many others. It destroys the germs \yhich causc thcse disordcrs.

In THE YADIL BOOK the c arc onc hundred or mcdi cal and othcr testimony, tog'e ther \\ ith O\'er r 25 treatmcl1ts \\ ' ith 'Yadil' IJClscd on m ed ical expenence of oyer SIX years.

Thi s useful book should be III the 11Clnds of c\'('r) mcmbcr or thc S.J .. \.B .. \ copy ,,,ill bc sent frec of all cost III return for the enclosed \\ ith 6 oz and larger sIzes of 'Yadi1.'

Yadil' is prepared by Messrs. Clement and Johnson Limited, lZe search Medical Chemi st s, 19, Sicili a n·a\·enue, London, W.C 1.

3 ; 6 ; Pint, 9 / 6 Quart 17/There is no ca rd fo r TilE YADIL BOOK with tte 2 oz. size "Yadil' Ointment, I ('I... tin, 1 / 3 ; 80z. jar, 8 /3 A 6 oz size i, enough to pre\'ent or check pneumonia, scarlet fever, measles and similar in fe ctions in the first stage requires only treatm(;nt (ver produced. It is not possible to free samples, \ 0 th e high cost of natural oil o f garlic. If 1 cal chemi s'S are OUl of stock, they can promptly bet ::t s upply from lheir w"",olesalers. Orders by post increas the enst by the postag e, v. hich is Sd. for 2 OZ. <;d. for 6 oz., 1/- for Pint and II, for <)uarl. Always get 'YacJil' from your chemist if possilJle Send your name and address for post free booklet on YADIL '

---------"==

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EDITORIAL.

bestowed on the medical gentlemen who are called upon to judge these contests,

This year is the last of a long series of competitions, for under the new grouping of the railways, we understand, that the annual in the futur e will be remodell e d to meet th e new conditions. We hope that th e executive committee which has this task in hand will overcom e the many difficulties that will aris e , and that the competitions will be thoroughly r e presBntative, for it is only by this means it will be possible to judge the ge neral standard of proficiency.

W e should also like to see more opportuniti e s given to the younger teams to come forward, for we have notic e d year after year the same teams in the final. It is very pl e asing to see these stalwarts maintaining their enthusiasm, but after a while it becomes discouraging to the young e r men in the movement. The sectional competitions is the recruiting ground for new t e ams, and for these the best judges should b e procured and every advantage given in I( coaching," so that promising teams may reach a higher lenl of training.

The Railway

One feature of this year's contest was that th e St. John Ambulanc e Brigade competitions we re not held at the same time. This made the accommodation provided at Cannon-street much more comfortable ; in fact, ev e ryone was pleas e d with the arrangements; and, in conclusion, we only need add that we congratulate the Southern Railway (South Eastern & Chatham Section) on winning a well-deserved victory.

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TH H railway ambulance work is receiving greater attention each year by those in administrative on our great Competitions. railways, is evidenced by the interest tak e n in it by the directors and officia ls of the Companies, and first aid training is now being look e d upon as a part of a railwayman's ed ucation. True, the various companits give special faciliti e s to encourage their employeeS to take up the work, but th e railw a yman's keen interest in this useful study has sprung from pur e humaneness s and he has sought no rew ud save the satisfaction of being able to alleviate the sufferings-p)ssibly save the life-of a fellow being s hould unfortunate opportunity arise.

It is, therefore, not surprising that this year's annual contest for the" blue riband" of the railway world should have created greater interest than ever before. The friendly rivalry and keenness display e d augurs well for the am balance movement on the railways, and if the high degr ee of skill shown is maintain e d, our sympathies will be

Photographs of the Final Railway Competitions can be obtained from th e Photographers, 3, Johnson Court, Fleet street, E.C+

E

REVISED EDITION OF MANUAL OF DRILL AND LAMPING FOR THE S.J.A.B.-A new edition of the R.A.M.C. Training (on which the St. John Manual is largely based) will not be at earliest before September, 19 2 3 ' Chapter 22 of the R.A.M.C. Training, however, which deals with stretcher exercises, has been revised and publis:1ed. It is obtainable from H.M. Stationery Offi ce , price 2d. The latest edition of Infantry Training (Drill), published in 192 [ is also ohtainable, price IS.

jhe 6rand :priory of the Order of thc }tospital of St. John of Jerusalem in &ngl<l .. d. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

j he St. John .Ambulance Srigade. Prince of Wales's Dis tric. t

DISTRICT ORDERS.

COMl\IlSSIONER : W. H. WI TNY , O.13.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL

JUi E, 1923

Sunday, 3rd.-No. 30 Division, East London. loth.-N o. 33 " Bermondsey and Walworth. " 17th.- o. 37 " G.''\'. Railway, Paddington. 2-t lh .- No 38 L.B & S.C. Ry., Ylctona. Duty froUl 2.30 p .m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

RE RESERVE MEMBERS.

D.O. S9' should read as follows:-

C'The Chief Commissioner has decided that members of the Brigad e cn the may not move resolutions or vote at Conferences or Meetings of the Brigade."

(Sig ned) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner

IMPORTANT NOTICE

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending news paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publ ication of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

N.C.O's CL UB.-O n Thur "day, June 1th, at 7.30 p.m., at W. H. Smith and S.:ms C lub, II, Milford-lane, Strand, W.C.2, Mr. J. C. Archibol.d v.:ill his" Experiences in. a Wartime Hospital," with J1lustratlOns, etc. MerI?bers will please note thRt on Saturday, June 16th, 2 p.m., a VISit to the Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons also arranged. f!ts the party is limited, will those who IDtend being present notIfy the secretary as soon as possible. P'uticulars as to membership of the above Club can be had from H. J. Palmer, hon secretary, 70, Newington Green-road.

No. 2 District.

The District Preliminary Competition for the "Dewar" Shield and" Symons Eccles" Cup was held at the Bruce Cole Institute Messrs. Packer's Chocolate \Vorks, Greenbank, Bristol Saturday, the 28th April, commencing at 2 p.m. In the of Col. C. 1. Ellis owing to illness, Asst.-Commissioner Major P. G. Darvil-S.mith (Brigade.Secretary) acted as Competition Secretary, assIsted by District Officer A. J. O. Britton, Corps Supt. A. Cotton, and. Supt. R. A. Clarke.

The judges wer.e Dr. C. C LavlDgt?n, Team test; Dr. H. Grenville Kyle, VIva voce; and LIeut.-Col. A. J. Cary, Ind ivi dual practical.

Tbe marks gained by the team s were as follows: -

!. West Oxford Div. ( representing Oxfordshire )

2. Swindon Div. ( representing Wiltshire)

3. Wolverton Div. (representing Buckinghamshire)

4. Southampton Div.

5. Reading Div. ( representlTIg Berkshne) Maximum marks, 210. 137

The West Oxford Division will, therefore, reprec;ent the District in the Final Competition, to be held in London on the 25th May.

There being only one entry for the C( Perrott" Shield Competition, the Bath Nursing will represent the District in the Final of that CompetitIon on the 25 th May.

AID. - May 923

The judges, officers and teams were entertained to tea by Messrs. Packer and Co.

After notifying the results of the Competition, Major Darvil·Smith stated they would all regret to learn of Col. Ellis' indisposition, and felt sure they would all jom in wishing him a speedy recovery. On behalf of the Chief Commissioner he thanked the judges (or undertaking the tests, whIch were carried out in a most thorough manner; Me$srs. Packer and Co. for placing the I nstitute at their disposal and their generous hospital ity; and the offi c ers who had so ably assisted hIm in cal rying out the work of the Competition.

CHEL TE NHAM.-An enjoyable gathering was associated with the supper and smoking concent held at George's Restaurant on 18th April, in connection with the men's dIvision of the Corps. The large company present was admirably catered for, and after supper enjnyed a n informal programme of speeches, songs and music. The Rev. C. COUS ITIS Patch, Corps Supt., who presided, had the support of Dr. Hugh Powell, M.B.E., Asst.-CommiSSIOner, Dr. Hutton, DiviSIonal Surgeon, Divisional Supt. \V. Tandy, Corps Inspector \V Mullins, ActIng·officer T. H. Reed, C.S.M. Ballinger, l\1.S.;'L, a nd Sergt. R. 1. Gardnet, M.lV1.

After the toast of c, The KlTIg " had been duly honoured, the Rev. Cousens Patch gave a happy speech, ITI whIch he complimented Inspector lv. ull ins and SergI. Gardnet upon the efforts which had resulted in such a successful gathering. He hoped the event would no\\' be made an annual one. They were proud of their magTIlficent Order and the more he knew of the Cheltenham Corps the more he was convlTIced of their wOdhiness to belong to that Order. He congra tulated the Corps on their record of work. This supper came at an opportune time, the end of the football season (dUring which rr en have volunteered weekly to attend the matches of three different clubs), several days' race meetings, etc., have been <, ttended, and the general programme of winter work of the Friendly Societies and Cheltenham Town Divisions was now over. He laid special emphasis on the work bei 'lg done at theIr Headquarters, remarking that since the opening of that Siatlonsome 19 months ago -t heir ambu!ances had travelled no fewer than 6,888 miles and carried 986 pat ients. That was a record that spoke for itself. On behalf of the Corps, Mr. Patch extended a particularly cordia welcome to the SuperlTItfndent of Police. Mr. R. H. Hopkins, as the gUtst of the evenlD g , they welcomed him as a representative of tbe Police Force WIth whom their relations were of such a happy and cordial character. They were also glad to welcome their old friend, the Assistant Cummissioner, Dr. Hugh Powell, who had rendeled such splendid service to the Brigade, prior to, during, and since the war. t was due to him, more than any other individua.l, that they had now their magnificent headquarters.

Dr. Hugh Powell, r ising to respond, was received wi th much cordiality, and the singing of" For he's a jolly good fellow, " he said he had little to add to what had been saId. They were doing a good work in Cheltenham-they had a good body of men, a good body of nurses-let them not forget that - and good Headquarters. They had had to fight hard to get it establ Ish ed, but now they had won through it, only remained to get the enthusiasm to carryon. The work already done was certainly vel y good, and must be kept going in tbe old spirit of St. John, which was "service, not self."

An excellent programme of music, under the direction of Sergt. Gardner, was contributed during the evening.

PORT SM OUTH.-Lady PinK has very kindly presented a Shield for competition among the members of the NurslTIgDivision.

The Competition which was for Individual Tests was held on April I Ith, Dr. Hamer Hodges, one of the Hon. Surgeons of this Division being the exammer. The Shield was won by Ambulance Sister Miss K. Job, with 90 marks out of a possible 100.

I n the unavoidable absence cf Lady Pink, Dr. Hodges presented the Shield to MISS Job. On April 17th, at the close of a lecture, in the presence ot the Lady Supt., Mrs. Fulljames, all the Lady Officers and most of the Ambulance Sisters. A hearty vote of thanks Wp,s tendl;red to Lady Pink for her l<ind.

-FIRST

ness in giving the Shield, and to Dr. Hodges for conducting the examinatIon.

At the Missionary Exhibition held at the Town Hall from April 18th to 26th inclusive, the St. John Ambulance Brigade (Nursing and Men's Divisions ) were on duty each day from 2.10 p.m., and were able to render skillt.'d aid in cases of fainting, etc., or in bandaging the cut fingers of the helpers in the Refreshment Department. The PolIce Court wac:; the only available space, but it proved quite adequate as a headquarters for the Ambulance Sisters to attend to their cases.

The Lady Supt. Mrs. Ful\james, and others have been attendi.ng weekly since l\1arch at the Town Hall, to assist the policemen who are going through their FIrst Aid Course, in practising bandaging, knots, &c. The class numbers about 40.

A Girls' Cadet Division was formed on May 1st in connection with this Nursing Division. Six girls were enrolled. Ambulance Sister, Mr. Stanley, in charge.

OXFORD.-Lady Furley, President of the Oxford Corps, entertamed the Nursing Division at her residence, 13, Lothbury·road, Oxford, on April 16th. After refresha:.ent had been served, Lady Furley said how much they all regretted losing MISS Ross, and thanked her for her valuable services.

AID.-

of Grace), assisted by Lady Divtsional Supt. Miss E. Gooce and Corps Secretary Major W. WJlliams Over one hundred cases were treated, chiefly faints, etc. Two were removed to their homes in the ambulance-one a crushed foot, caused by a horse, and the other a .evere heart attack.

After the unveiling ceremony, a wreath, composed of black leaves, and a white St. John cross, was placed at the foot by Sergt. J. Eastwood, M.M., and Corpl. H. Chadwick, M.M. No. 5 District.

BRODSWORTH MAIN CORPs.-The Annual Ambulance Competition and Musical Festival will be held in the Pavilion Grounds, Woodlands, on Saturday, June 23rd. Trophies include Thelluson Cup, Carr Challenge Shield, and P.R.H.A. Challenge Bowl for best choir. Entry forms from Secretary, A. C. Davies, 8" Crescent, Woodlands, near Doncaster. GRIMSBY.-A grand concert was given in tbe Tower Picture Theatre, Grimsby, on Sunday evening, April 22nd, in aid of the Divisional Funds. The theatre was kindly lent for the occasion by the manager, Mr. Prothero, and the Grimsby Borough Prize Silver Band gave a series of selections.

The Band was ably supported in tbe entertainment by the Tower Trio (Messrs. Willing, Oldham, Groft).

The .Ai:olian Quartette also contributed to the evening's en-

Dr. F. A. Dickson, Corps Surgeon and Supt., on behalf of the President and Nursing Division presented Miss Ross with a leather writing case, and an illuminated autograph of all the members. He also presented Miss Ross with a handbag on her giving up the appointment of Divisional Secretary.

" Lady Furley then introduced Miss Jackson as the new Lady Supt., and said they were lucky in obtaming her help, and she was sure the Division would furnish under her able superinten· dence.

No. 4 District.

OLDHA:\-L-On Saturday, April 28th, the Cenotaph WCiS in glorious weather, by General Sir Ian S. M. Hamilton, G.C.U G.C.M G D.S.O. The Ambulance Corps paraded at full strength, also several ex-members. Corps Supt. J. Harrison was in charge of the parade, being ably aSSIsted by the corps and divisional officers. Ambulance Officer C. Jordan and a party of men helped the police to get the disabled exservice men in their positions. Ashton Middleton and North Manchester Ambulance and Nursing Divisions supplied men and ambulance- sisters for public duty.

Corps Surgeon J. B. Lendrum, O. B E , M.D., was in cbarge of the main dressing station (which was lent by the Medical Officer of Health, J. B, Wilkinson, Esq., M.D., Knig-ht

joyment, whilst each member of the quartette contributed individual songs in meritorious style.

In his inimitable style Mr. Will Roberts cnnducted the efforts of the bandsmen, and a most enjoyable evening was spent by all.

a interval 1r. Prothero gave a few \ery Interestmg details of the local Ambulance Divisions working in the- district, and for his untiring tfforts on behalf of the S.J.A.B., the whole the members desire to convey their great esteem. and appreCIation. The Supt. appreciates the action of the Gnmsby Borough Watch Committee in allowing the concert to be held.

On Wednesday evening, April 25th, Surgeon-rommander

G. W. Dickenson, inspected the members of the R.N .A.S.B. in with this Division. He gave Some very mterestlTIg details With regard to the Reserve, and at the close of his inspection he presented Private E. Lygo witb the Silver Cup won for the recent examination of the Division, and hoped he would be again successful next year.

No.6 District.

l\1IDDLESBROUGH. Following upon various preliminary and County final tests the finals of thl; various annual compe-

A group of the teams and judges competing m the Redruth competitiona.

-FIRST

titions for first aid and nursing work for the No.6 District were held in the Crescent-road Schools, Middlesbrough, on April 21St.

_

The East Cleveland team claimed the highest distinction by carrying off' the Silver Challenge Chhampionship Shield for the District, which is competed for by the teams that have survived the preliminary competitions and have been awarded the various bron ze shields for their respective Counties.

Owing to a disappointment, the Yorhhire Bronze Shield had not been decided, and the two competing teams for this trophy were allowed by the Commissioner to take part in the District Final Competition.

The competing teams were :-

Gar! (A), Ashington (holding the Northumberland Bronze Shield), 218! marks: Darlington (holding- the Durham Bronze Shield), 250 Hull Western, 186; East Cleveland, 260.

The last named team, as winners of the Silver Challeng-e Championship Shield each receive a silver medal.

The examiners were Corps Supt. Dr. Pallett, of Newcastle, and Divisional Surgeon Belas, of Middlesbrough.

The Colonel F. W. Gibbon Bowl, which is open only to members of Divisions of the Brigade in No.6 District who have not previou!:>ly been in a team holding any of the District trophies, was carried. off by the Central team, with 313 marks, whilst the Pelton Colliery team were the runners up with 305 This latter team become the holders of the five District Staff Cups for the ensuing twelve months. Northumberland was H'presented in this competition by the team from. St.

The judge III thiS competitIOn was DIvIsional Surgeon Steels, of Eston.

The Commissioner has generously presented to the District a new silver trophy to replace the old C. B. Palmer Challenge Bowl, to be awarded to the best team of miners from the collieries and ironstone miners in the District. The Pelton Colliery team were the successful competitors, with 226 marks, whilst their opponents-the Carl (A) team from Ashington-just fell short with 225 marks.

Divisional Surgeon Gray. of West HartlepoJI, was the the adjudicator in this competition.

The District Cup competition for Nursing Divisions was won by the Elswick Works Nursing Division (a ttached to the Armstrong-Whitworth Works, Newcastle ), who also secured the Northumberland Cup. The Young People's Nursing Division (Hull), who were second, gained the Yorkshire Cup, and the third honours went to South Shields Nursing Division, who were awarded the Durham Cup.

The best individual members in each of the winning teams were :-Miss Holman, Northumberland; Miss Milner, Yorkshire; Miss Skinner, Durham.

The trophies and priles were presented to the successful competitors by the Marchioness of Normany, O.B.E., Lady of Grace of the Order, who, in a neat and happy speech, eulogised the work of the IJlembers of the Brigade, whilst the Commissioner in his introductory remarks briefly sketched the great possibilities of development of Brigade work in Middlesbrough.

The Mayor of Middlesbrough, in moving a vote of thanks to Lady Normanby for her services, endorsed the remarks of the Commissioner, and he was ably supported by District Officer Wilson, who was in a large measure responsible for the success of the afternoon's arrangements

No. 9 District.

PLYMOUTH.- The first annual ambulance competition for the" Winnicott II Cup given by Alderman J. P. Winnicott (Mayor of Plymouth, 1922 ), in token of the appreciation and interest he had taken in the movement during his term of office, took place at The Ambulance Workers' Institute, Plymouth, on the 14th April.

The judges were Dr. Bowhay, of Gunnislake, who conducted the individual tests, and Dr. B. Soltau, Plymouth, for the stretcher work. In this, the competitors were required to treat the following case :-

"A fireman standing on the top of a ladder 20 ft. high

AID.- May, 1923

is knocked off by a powerful jet of water. from a hose, c:nd in falling sustains a fracture of the pelVIS and of the brain. Treat. Place on stretcher and move. TIme allowance , 20 minutes. "

The competing teams-six in alI-,were Mutley, Friary, Saltash, Millbay, Plvmouth Co-operatIve a!ld Devonport Central (all from the Plymouth area). The Mdlbay team was successful in winning- the cup with 157 marks, Devonport Central being second with 125 marks In an.nouncing results the judges gave the teams some useful hlOts regardIng the they had been through that afternoon. Dr. Soltau urged the necessity of well blanketing. I n the where man is suffering from shock and cold through belOg drenched with water, he considered that at least three blankets should have been used. He also empbasised point that they should try and do as much as possible in attending to the injury while the patient is unconscious, for that is nature 's own ancesthetic. Both doctors comidere:i the teams had done very well.

Tbe Mayor and Mayoresc; attended and were reccived by Asst. -Commr. H. V. Miller ( Devon ) and District Officers T. Pengelly and T. D. Mrs. Pethybridge ( Lady Dlstnct Officer), Co rps Supt. Hitchcock, and Major Dawson, RA :lI.C. M.D., D.P.H.

The Mayor, congratulating the winners, said he thou ght it was very good of his predecessor to give the cup for wllich the ambulance workers were competing that aftE:rnoon. He spoke of their love for this work of mercy; they did it voluntarily, not for what they can get out of it, but their whole-hearted desire to be of use in cases of emergency when the necessity arises. He praised their method by which a patient can be so easily and comfortably taken to hospital, and that when accidents occur they are always ready to deal with them The Mayor also paid high tribute to the valuable help given by the doctors who often had to com e long distances to give their service for the benefit of the public at large.

Mr. H. V. MIller moved a hearty vote of thanks to the Mayor and Mayoress, the judges, and all tho se who had so kindly and ably assisted them that afternoon Distri c t Officer Pengelly seconded.

The layoress then presented the cup, and a silver-platen cake stand to each of the winning team, aft er which an excellent tea, provided by the lady officers and nurses, was partaken of by all those present.

During the proceeding-s the MiJlbay and Friary teams gave a display of stretcher work before the Mayor and Mayoress, Millbay treating a broken leg and injury to he ad, and Friary a severe injury to arm and crushed foot. Little Miss Muriel Pethick also presented the M"yoress with a beautiful bouquet. He father, Corps Officer Pethick was the efficient secretary.

WEY:\IQUTH.- The members of the Weymouth Division received their examination awards on Thursday, April at their headquarters. Divisional Surgeon, Dr. Rodier Heath, M. R,C.S., L.R.C.P., London, performed the presentation in the presence of the Hon. President, His Worship the Mayor of Weymouth, who was supported by the Deputy Mayor Councillor, R. Bolt, J.P., and Alderman R. S. Co')mber, C. BE., Chairman of Public Health Committee. There were also a good number of people interested in the movement present. His Worship, the Mayor, said, he made no apology for appealiog for funds for the division, which was doing such good work in the town and district. The Divisional Surgeon in supporting His Worship said the division had made very rapid progress, in the matter of efficiency, members of the Division had been in 5 cc,mpetitions and won 4 Firsts and I Second. They were in possession of the much·valued Challenge Cup, presented by the Earl of Shaftesbury. In appealing for financial assistancf', he explained the first consideration had been to provide material and appliances for rendering First Aid. Uniform being the second consideration, but without uniform there could be no uniformity. Uniforms also gave confidence to the injured, who recognised the First Aider as a qualifieu man. The Division was 32 strong, 19 of which were in uniform, and he hoped their finances would soon enable them to equip the remainder.

May, 19 2 3.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

-FIRST

A great deal of public <:Juty has been done by the lance Divisions. In addItion to the hut duty 10 Dublin members have attended all the prlOclpal Rugby football and race meetings, and many organisers of and fetes .hav e the assistance of the BrIgade to attend Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Shanks IS agam. the First Aid Stations at the Royal. Spring Show, and Corps Supt. A. J IS maklOg arrangements for a Field Day to be held In June.

At the very pretty wedding of Miss Leslie Lumsden, eldest daughter of the Commissi?ner, took at Christ Church, Leeson Park, DubllO, on Apnl 18th, an mtering feature of the ceremony was provided by the gu':!rd of honour composed of the follo'.\ ng officers the Bngadf', In charge of Assistant CommiSSioner W. G. Smith, O.B E. District Officer A. J. Connor, ::VI. B.E., Cor ps Supt. A. J. MacWilllam, Divisional Supts. R. W. Jameson, P. J. Tyrrell, J. S. J. P. :\IacNamara and F. J. Horne, Ambulance Officers Wright, G. Shackleton, GIllespie, Gully, Belton and Brien.

An arch of the officer.:,' canes was made, under whIch the lJrlde rind bl Idegroorn pIssed as thty left the (hurch.

An interesting fun ction was held at the Midland Great Western RaJl\\ ay Broadstone Station, on May loth, when 36 members of the n'ewly-formed Broadston e DiVision the. St. John Ambulance Brigade in Ireland, were presented With FlrstAid by the General !\Ianager of the Company, i\Ir. M. F. Keogh. The parade was under the the Superintendent, \Ir. George Dukes, and the Comrrisslon er was present. The members were IOtroduced by I\lr. "V H. in a happy lIttle speech, and he dealt upen the whIch had been shown hy the member!', and t'xplessed the mdebtedness of the DIVISion to Or. Redmonn for [he admirable course of Lectures whI c h re!>ulted In 36 out of the 43 candida tes the CertIficate, many of them with very high marks.

The General :\[anager In presentmg the certIficates stated how pleased he and the iJlreclOrs were that a DIviSIOn of the Brigade was be ng formed at the r IIeadquarters, and was glad to feel [hat hiS Company was taking the lead 10 forming an Ambulance Division on their line. 1Ie further stated that he was very anxIous that Safety First should become a in their works and on [he railway, and he hoped that the servlces?f

Ambulance DiVISIon would be [he means of allevlatmg suffering prever,ting trivial accidents becoming ser,ious, and would enable them to deal WIth serious aCCidents, whIch unfortunately were oftentimes unavoi dable, having regard to hUfYlan nature. :'.Ir. Keogh said that he and the dlff"ClUrS were very int erested in this new diviSIon and hoped that they would prove a credit to the Company and to the OrganisatIon to whi ch they now belonged Sir John Lumsden said how much the BrIgade appreCiated the very liberal attitude of the riirectors of the <;:ompany m encouraging the establishment of the unit and offenng rewards of a practical character for those who proved efficient members of the diVision. He hoped that while theIr first duty would be to serve the C ompany and to aid in cases of accidents at the works and on the rallway lme, they would be able like good citizens to generally assist t he brigade at their public duties in the city. He further pOInted out that the brigade had now established Itself in Dublin, and had proved Its usefulness and judging by what he had seen of the Midland Great Railway men so far he believed that, If they continued as they were doing, they would become of the most efficient units under his command. In cuncluslOn, he paid a compliment to the assistance rendered by Mr. Morton a nd Dr. Redmond and also to the enthusiasm with which the superintendent M:' Dukes, was putting into the work. After the usual vote of thanks an interesting function terminated.

The "DECOR.ATORS' & PAINTER.S' MAGAZiNE" (IS. monthly) is 1 HE trade paper for all interested.Publishing Office: 6, Cannon Street, E.C

A IDInter Railway Competitions, 19 2 3.

THE position in which the teams the Preliminary Competition were placed by the Judges, S. G. V. Harris, M D., of Leytonstonc, and J. F. C.

F. R.C.S., of Ipswich, on the 25th, 26th, and 27th Apnl, 1923, is as follows :-

1. Great Central Railway

2. Great Western Railway (Alexandra (N. & S. W. ) Docks)

3 Metropolitan Railway...

4: London & North Western Railway (No.2 Team)

5. South Eastern & Chatham Railway... . ...

6. North Eastern Railway ( Hull & Barnsley SectIOn')

7. Great Northern Railway...

8. Great Western Railway (No.3 Team)

9. London & Nurth Western Railway (N o. I Team )

ro. London & North Western Railway (N o.3 Team)

11. London, Brighton & South Coast Railway

12. North Staffordshire Railway

13. Great Western Railway (No. Team) ,

14. London & North Western & Furness Joint Railways

IS. London & South Western Railway

16. London & North Western Railway (No.4 Team)

17. Furness Railway 18. Great Eastern Railway

19. London Brighton & South Coast & London and South Western Joint Staff ( Portsmouth & Ryde Committee)...

20. Great Western Railway (No.4 Team )

2£. North Eastern Railway 22. Cheshire Lines Committee 23. London & North Western & Great Western Joint Railways...

Maximum marks obtamable 375.

The first eight teams competed at the Great H all, Cannon Street Hotd, LondoD, E.c. on the I nh May.

PART A (TEA;\f WORK).

Card 1. - You are a gang of platelayers repairing the permanent way. The in using a rickaxe misses his blow, and the pIck penetra.tes his. boot aod nght foot. He falls on the permanent way In a faInt. On pulling out the pick the wound bleeds freely. You have no means of transport but you are half-a-mile from a hospital where is a motor ambulance. One of you has a field dreSSing. A stream of clear water run by the side of the Act as you should.

TIrr, e allowed, 16 mInutes.

N. B. --Patient is lying on his b a ck With arms extended.

IOlmediate digital pressure on femoral 6

Elevate injured foot

II Is bleeding controlled"? Judge will answer according to position of hands

Extemporise tourniquet

I ndirect control of bleedIng

"Is bleeding controlled?" Judge will answer accord-

2 2 9 4 ing to position of tourniquet 2

Gently and quickly lift patient clear of ralls 2

Lay him on coats and cover With coats 4

Comfortable position, head turned .on one Side 3

Fan patient vIgorously; (2) crowdmg round head (4) 6

Loosen all tight clothing; spnnkle face WIth water 3

Remove boot and sock 4

Card 2.- You find a ragged dirty wound on top of foot with bleeding controlled by tourniquet. There is no fracture. The patient is now You have cold tea, coffee, and a bottle of ginger beer With you.

Written message to hospital descnbmg accident and asking for am bulance and stretcher

Encouraging words

Offer patient drink of cold coffee or tea

Avoid contamination of wound ann dresslOgs

6

-FIRST

Al D.- 2II

AI D-

Keep foot elevated and make patient comfortable 3

Slacken tourniquet 4

Judge.-The patient has fainted after restlessness and sighing.

Examine wound 2

Judge.-The bandage and pad havesl i pped and the wound has been bleeding freely again.

Tighten tourniquet and foot bandage keepingfoot elevated

" Is bleeding controlled?" Judge will answer according to position of tourniquet

Inquiry as to pulse (feeble ) Ii breathing (sighing ) Ii face (pale) 1 skin (c old and clammy ) 1 .4

Judge.-Patient recovers consciou!>ness and says he IS very thirsty.

Give patient coffee or tea 3

Judge.- The ambulance, with stret c her, has now arrived.

Prepdring and testing stretcher 2

Place patIent on stretcher

Head low, foot elevated, cover warmly

Care i n lifting stretcher over fence

Load into ambulance, team accompanying patient

Judge.-Patient complains of pain, numbness his leg. and cold in

Examme leg

Judg e -The leg is blue.

Slacken tourniquet

Take to hospital, watching for bleeding or collapse on the way

Report to doctor on arrival

Possible extra marks

PART B.

Time allowed, 10 minutes.

Rapidly t'xamine patient for i njuries, head (I), trunk (I) , upper limbs (2) , lower limbs (2)

Card 2 (to be given after examination is complet ed ).

You find ar incised wound on the inside of the right calf which is bleeding freely.

Treatment of ha::morrhage.

3 2

3 3 4 4

2 2 11

No. I.-You are the only porter at a small country railway statIon. A boy ten years of age is about to enter a tra i n when a passenger in the carriage slams the door, catching the boy's hand. The boy yells, falls back on the platform, and the tram moves out. An ambulance havresac is available. The stationmaster knows nothing of first aid. Act as you should.

Time allowed, 10 minutes.

N.B.-Patient is lying on his back with arms extended.

Prompt approach 2

Card 2.-0n approaching the boy you find he has fainted and.all the fingers of his right hand are off. is not severe.

Immediate digital pressure on brachial artery

Inquiry as to result

J will answer according to efficiency of pressure.

TournIquet applIed but not tigbtened for oth er possible injuries, head (1) ears ( 1)

pupIls ( I ), upper lImbs (I), lower limbs (r) trunk (1)

Judge.-There are no further injUries.

Carry patient into stationmaster's house

Lay patient gently down in comfortable posiuon

Head low and on one side

Cover warmly

Undo all tight clothing

Apply antiseptic solutIOn '"

Dry dressing applied firmly

Bandage, splint and St. John sling

Inquiry as to pulse (feeble, I), breathing (s hallow 1)

Fan patient, open doors and windows ...'

Judge.-The patient is now conscious.

En::ouraging words

Teaspoonful of sal volatil e in half tumbler of water

Hot c offee or milk, etc.

Inquiry as to address (! mile away)

Judge.-Patient says he cannot walk.

Ascertaining means of transport (hand cart available )

Taking patient home on cart home, tactful to parents and mstructlons how to treat patient until doctor arrives

Message to doctor explainmg case

Possible extra marks

No. 2 and 3 -Card I.-As you and your friend are passing a canal in the country you see a boy pull the patient out of the water and lay him on the bank. The patient is unconscious. There is a house a mile away.

Prompt application of dIgital pressure on the wound

I mprovising- pad and bandage

Firmly applying pad and bandage

Covering legs warmly ...

Is bleeding now controlled

Judge will a nswer according to efficiency (If pressure.

W ri tten messa g e by boy for doctor (t) and to house 0) to prepare hot water bottles or hot bricks (!,) , hot tea coffee or milk 0), etc. 0) , and - warm blankets (1,)

Treatment 01 suffocation.

Prompt application of Schaefer's meth od of al tificial respiration

Method of turning patient into prone position, legs crossed, arms at side

Head turned on one side

Position of competitor applying artificial respIration (A t one !>ide of or across patient )

Correct position of hands on patient's back

Correct method of applying pressure ( Arms straight).

Correct t i ming ( Expiration 3 secs., nspirat io n 2 se cs.).

J udge.- The patient shows signs of congestion.

Promptly changing to Silvester's method of artificial respiration

Turning patient on back

Remove all tight clothing from neck (.'.) and chest UI ; unfasten braces and trouser button 0)

Support shoulders with pad under shoulder blades

Draw patient s tongue forward and secure it.

Correct pOS Itio n behind p a tient

Grasp forearms just below elbow

Draw arms upwards, outwards and towards you

Make elbows touch ground

Being patient s flexed arms slightly forward, downwards and inwards

Press arms and ('lbows firmly on chest on each side of breastbone

Correct timing ( IS per minute)

Possible extra marks

No. 4.-Card I.-Name as many narcotic poisons as you can. (F urther qu estion to follow ).

Time allowed, 6 minutes.

Opium and its preparations (t) : -l\1orphia 0), (t), paregoric .0), (!), syrup -of poppIes (t) , varIOUS SOOthlDg drinks and cordials 4,1 Chloral (t) , Ieronal sulphonal trional chloroform (2) ...-

Alcohol (t) including methylated spirit (i)

Card 2.-How would you treat a of opium

I mmediately send for doctor

State name of poison in writing

GIve an emetic

Mustard one tablespoonful In tumblerful pint ) of warm water

Or Salt two tablespoonfuls m tumblerful (t pint) of warm water

Repeat until vomiting occurs

1 poisoning.

If vomiting is retarded, tickle back of throat with fingers or feather '"

After vomiting has occurred if patient IS not insensible

give:-

Milk

Raw eggs beaten up wllh milk or water

Cream and flour beaten up together

Animal or vegetable oil (t) olive salad (t), cod liver or sardme oil (1)

Strong tea ... Do not give mineral oil

Demulcent drinks such as barley water or thin gruel

Keep patient awake

By walking him about

Slapping- hIS face, neck and ch est WIth wet towel

Give strong black coffee

Slap soles of his feet

GIve ten grains of permanganate of potash III a pint of water

..,

Or ., tablespoonfuls of Condy's fluid in a pint of water dose in .,.

Apply artificial respIratIon If breathIng cannot be diScerned or is failing

Treat shock and collapse

Preserve vomited matter, food and other suspected substances

Do not wash vessels which may have contair,ed poison ...

Carefully guard them

POSSible extra marks ...

No. 5.- The pat!ent !ell .in climbing a fence He complains of great paID In hIS rIght leg- and. says he IS ur: able to rise. There IS blood on hIS stocking Just above hIS boot. There IS a co ttage 100 yards away. You h.ave a parcel of trianbular bandages and some cotto n wool WIth you. Act as you should.

., N.D. -Pallent IS In SIttIng pOSItIon.

TIme allowed, 10 minutes.

Prompt caution nut to move

Encouraging words 2

Plac e patient in comfortable pOSItIon 2

l.over warmly 2

Expose and carefully examine wound 2

C 2 ( to be given after examinatIon has been made.-

You find a compound fra c ture of the leg , four above the ankle, with bone protrudmg and WIth slIght bleedIng.

Shout to occupants of cottage for assIstance

J udge.- There is no answer.

Dry dressing on wound, secured WIth bandage, not too tig-ht : s bleeding now cor. tr oll ed ?

Judge. Yes.

Discrimination III selectlllg splInt from material at hand

Improve pOSItIOn of injured 11mb

Draw left leg to right...

Tie both feet together, aVOldmg fOl ce

Splint to outer side of leg

Correct application of 6 bandages.

Care in passing bandages under 11mb; knots on splint

Undo tIght clothing

Inquiry as to pat ient's address

Several mdes away.

Tell patient you are g oing to the cottage for assIstance; instructions not to move 2 Judge.-\Vhat informatIOn would you se ek at the c ottage.

Doctor (1), hospital ( 1), transport ( J ), hot drinks ( J ) 4

Messsage to patient's home 2

Possible extra marks... 4

FINAL.

THE Final Round of the Inter-Railway Challenge Shield

Competition was decided at Cannon Street. Hotd, London, on Friday, the 1 Jth inst., and III a win for the Southern Railway (S.E.&Chatham SectlOo) by the narrow margin of one mark over winners of the previous year's contest, Great Western Railway (Alexandra Docks).

From the time the filst team entered the arena, to the conclusion of the contests, the work of the competitors was followed by a large and keenly interested body of spectators who generously accorded each team a hearty round of applause on the of th eir. team work.

As is usual far more interest was displayed 10 the team tests than the individual work and as tht latter included viva voce portions which could not. follo,wed by onlookers, this was not, of course, surpnsmg. 1 he team te:3t

is always the more spectacular beSIdes being more p"'pular (rJm an edUCalio'1al PJint of view.

Tne Judges were Dr. J Maniall Coates and R. Canon Robertson (or rl'eam anj Individual Work resp,;ctively. The tests imposed and marking sh e ets gIven btlow:-

PART A. (TKUI WORK).

Card I.-\Vhile on d'Jty as an ambulance station at the docks of a large seaport town, a messenger runs up :l:nd informs you that an accident has occurred to a workllJan III the dock about 200 yards away. Ths ambulance station is equipped. It is a winter's afternoon and a very cold WInd IS blowing. Act as you sbould.

Time allo wed, 18 minutes.

Further questioning of messenger as to the nature of the accident 4

Card 2.-He i nforms you that while work ng on a ship's side, the ropes supportlllg the platform on a workman was standing gave way and the man was thrown IDtO the water along with the platform and other debris He has been taken out of the water and is lying on the dock SIde.

Promptly proceeding to scene of with one man

Instructing two others to follow WIth stretcher and ambulance materIal 4

Card 3 -Patient is unconscious and breath ing has ceased. There is some bruising over the right of the the fight ear is partially off and a gaplllg wound IS seen behind the ear. Some slIght has taken !he rigbt leg is lying- in an positIOn and there IS obvIOUS deformity of the same between knee and ankle. There is nothing to mdlcate any further Injury. There are two bystanders.

Removal of tarpaulin sheet

Brief examination of wound as to fracture of skull Judge.- There is no fracture.

Ear leplaced as well as pOSSIble and wound dressed with temporary dressing and bandage

Careful examination of fra c ture of right leg ... Judge.-There is a s imple fracture.

Careful support of injured right leg. ._

I nstruction to bystanders to go to WIndward sldt? or patient, holding the tarpaulin sht?et to shelter patIent as much as possible from cold Wind ."

Examination of patient s mouth, for foreIgn bodIes Turn patient over on the prone Schafer's method of artifiCIal respIration

Judge.-No congestion of face.

Continue Schafer 5 method -t Card -t.-Patient has now begun to breath fairly regularly; face pale, pulse feeble; he is still partially unconscious. Enquiry as to h ::e morrhage 2 J udge.-N one.

Temporary treatment of fracture by tying limbs together

Removal as soon as possible to ambulan ce station

Patient well covered with blankets, &c. .. .

No time wasted in useless questions

Speedy messenger to ambulance station explaining nature of case On arrival at ambulance statIOn.

Place in suitable bed; careful rerr ova l of wet clothing cover with warm blanket

Application of hot bottles carefully tested

FrIction to the limbs

Administration of oxygen (i f available)

Cloths wrung out of cold water to head, or iceb 19S It procurable

Head low and to one side Head injury.

Removal of foreign bodies

Application of solutio? . ..,

Ear replaced gently mto pOSItIOn

Sterilised dressing and bandage .. Fracture of leg.

Careful support during removal of clothing and temporary bandage , Application of splints (2) above knee and b eyond foot

already applied or by another bandage passed round stick and limb 6

The pad of the tourntquet must be accurately placed upon the pressure point so as completely to compress the artery, otherwise arterial blood will be allowed to pass along the limb, and the veins being compressed by the tourniquet will not allow the blood to return to the heart and the result will be dangerous swelling and congestion €J

Should a suitable pad not be al hand, a knol may be made in the centre of the bandage, and when available a stone, cork, etc., enclosed, to give it firmness and bulk. See that the bulging side and not the flat side of the knot is next the skin 6 No. 2.-An old gentleman crossing Piccadilly Circus becomes excited, walks between two motor cars and IS knocked down. You find him lying on his back and attempting to rise.

A policeman has controlled the traffic He now invites your assistance but insists on your movmg patient from where he lies at once. You have the assistance of a bystander. Act as you should. Time allowed, 10 minutes.

Immediately warn patient to lie _s till ::! For prelimary examination.

Tact with poli cema n, explaining need -+ patient If In paID. t right knee cap)

Loss of power ? (Compl ete ) Irregu· larity ? (Ga p felt ) 2

Wound over patella ? PaID elsewhere. ( 0.) ::!

De,ide simple fracture of patella 2 for doctor. (No.) Ambulance.

(ro minutes ) Tele-phone. (Yes.) 3

Exclude any other injUries. ( nne ) -+

Ask bystdnder to teleph(me fur ambulance

Decide to near· side pavement 2

By modified fore and aft method -+

Explatn method carefully to assistant 4

Ask poli c eman to facilttate WOI k 2

EffiCiency of removal and care of limb

Place patient with head and shoulders well raised 3

Straighten and raise lower limb 2

Support foot comfortably on box 2

Ask at neighbouring shop for material for splints and bandages and a basin of r.old water 3

Improvise back splint, buttock to heel 2 Fix fracture with two dusters folded narrow 2

2

Sometimes pressure must be made nearer heart

Maintain indirect pressure by tourniquet, by pad and bandage, or Aexion on pressure point

While wound is being examined and protected

Avoid contamination of wound by germs

Which are present in air, water, and surrnunding objects,

c .f[., hand<; and clothes

Do not touch wound unless hands clean

And rendered sterile with iodine or spirit

Do not wash wound except with cool boiled w::tter

Remove foreign bodies seen; do not '5eek them

If wound obviously dirty and no doctor available

Wash away as much dirt as possible by pouring sterile water over it

Although wounds heal best if left dry

N ever wash surrounding parts towards wound

Apply tincture of iodine over wound and surrounding skin

Cover wit h clean, dry, soft, absorbent dressing

Such as ster;le gauze, lmt, boracic lint, clean handkerchief, linen, or clean paper

Place pad over dressing except where danger is

Apply bandage firmly over pad

ext relax indirect ( but not direct) pressure

And note whether direct pressure stops bleeding

If direct pressure falls, co nt inue tndirect

Do not maintain too long, lest conges· tlon arise

Get doctor qUickly

If not obtained within half·an hour, or sooner If tourniquets is causing much paID

Again relax indirect pressure and note resul t

If necessary re-apply indirect pressure and repeat these steps every half hour

Until medical help can be obtained

Support p :uts ; leave blood clots

\Vhtch keep blood in and germs out of wound

Do not apply sticking plaster or ointment

If part of limb torn off or wound lacerated

As by claw of animal or machinery

Bleeding may not come on at once but tourniquet should be applied temporarily

A I D.-

If swelling. (Yes.) If wound or bleeding. ( No.)

Decide simple fracture of leg

2

2

Report progress to other bearer

Decide temporary treatment for present

Tie leg to leg, at knees and ankles

Comfortable position; cover warmly; proceed to Boy

No.

Treatment of patients.

Ask for doctor (none); hospital (800 yards; ambulance (available at hospital

Early message to hospital reporting details and summoning ambulance

Boy No. 1-

Test for insensibility. (Complete unconsciousness)

Place flat, head on one side

Loosen clothes, chest, neck and abdomen

Cm er warmly; give nothing by mouth

Ask if warm sterile water available. ( No.)

3

2

Do not raise limb; avoid contamination

Apply iodine to wound and surrounding skin

Clean dry dressing; firm pads around joint ...

Control dressing with medium bandage

Prepare padded o:plint, buttock to heel

2I3

One of the competing teams performing artificial respiration in the stretcher test.

Fix splint similarly at thigh and If'g' 2 Apply cold to knee; (over Wi1'lIi1y ::!

DeCide await arrival of ambulance... -+

Neatness and efficiency of methods

Deduct 20 per cent. of marks earned if fracture is splinted in the middle of traffic. Shopkeeper will offer lath of blind, 6 dusters, and a basin of cold water.

No. 3.-State the general rules for the treatment of a wound with arterial bleeding.

6

No. I.-While assisting in the instruction of a first aid class you are asked to demonstrate how to improvise and apply a tourniquet to the right brachial artery, explaining each step in detail.

Time allowed, 7 minutes.

Apply a firm pad on pressure point (7) Pressure point (7) is found in groove on the inner side of the biceps muscle and its course i s roughly indicated by the inner seam of the coat sleeve ... ..

limb by a narrow bandage, strap or cord, With Its centre over the pad, and tie the ends in a half knot on the opposite side ... ..

Laya short stick, pencil, stem of pipe or similar thing on the half knot, and over it tie a reef knot...

Twist the stick to tighten the bandage, thereby arresting the flow of blood...

Lock the stick in position by the ends of the bandage

Time allowed,S minutes.

Place patient in suitable position...

Bearing in mind blood escapes less forcibly If patient SitS and still less if he lies down

Elevate part, except with fractured limb

As thereby less blood passes into lim b

Expose wound; remove necessary clothin g

I mmediate pressure with thumb or fingers dIrectly on bleeding spot

Except over fracture or foreign body

With digital pressure do not crook thumb or fingers or dig tips into part

If wound large, contains foreign body or if associated with fracture

Apply indirect pressure on pressure point

Choose nearest point but avoid cutting off circulation from as much of part as possible

And o.nly tightened if the ne cessity an'>es Nos. 4 and 5. -A steam wagon with

Place splint in position to support limb

Fix splint with bandages, thigh, leg and ankle

Exclude other injuries. (None)

Boy 2

Proceed together to Boy No.2

Steady limb by holding ankle and foot

Draw foot into position; tie ankles now

Apply 2 splints, knee to beyond ankle

H.R.H. The Duke of Connaught presenting- the shield to the winning teamSouthern (S.E. and C Section) Railway. trailer attached is passing down a street. A boy in trying to Jump on the conn ecting- rod falls on his back and a wheel of the trailer passes over his right knee. Immediately the clothing over the injured part becomes saturated with bright red blood. Another boy sees the accident runs forward to assist, slips off the pavement and falls into the gutter. He complains of pain in his right ankle. You have a haversac with you. There is no further danger from traffic. Act as you should.

Time allowed, 10 minutes.

Examination of patients.

Boy No. -

As if Aow of blood. (Y es.) Spurting. (Yes.)

Immediate digital pressure of femoral altery

Call for other bearer 's help quickly

Apply tourniquet on femoral artery

Ask if bleeding controlled. (Yes)

Expose wound fully; as if wound dirty. (Yes.)

Boy No. 2-

First warn against movement

Ask site of pain. (Right leg just above ankle.)

Ask if loss of power. (Yes.) If irregularity. (Yes.)

If both bones involved. (Yes.) It shortening. (Yes.)

Secure splints with 5 bandages

Cover warmly

Exclude other injuries. (None: ...

Exclude marked degree of shock. (N 0)

Decide to remove both to hospital

Neatness and effic:iency of work

Efficient combination of bearers

N.B.-Doctor arrives with ambulance in 10 minutes.

I

The holders of the trophy for 1922 and on four previous occasions--Great Western Railway (AltXandra Docks) Ttam, hitherto the Newport Al( xandra Docks and Railways Company, were generally regarded as the favourites, and It came as a surprise when at the con. clusion of the contest, it was announced that' they had lost

THE ST_ JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTEAppointments, &c. Death of Dr. John Maclean Carvell, M.R.C.S "Dewar" and" Perrott I, Shields

He then called upon H R.H. the Duke of Connaught, who had arrived promptly at four c/c\ock to present tue tablet (commemorating their victory of last yp.ar) to the Great Western Railway (Alexandra Docks) team, in exchange for the Challenge Shield, and prizes to mem bers of each of the winning teams. The Southern Railway (South Eastern & Chatham section) were then presented with the Challenge Shield. His Royal Highness bad a few words of congratulation and a hand-shake for each of the team captains,

On the proposal of Lord Shaftesbury, seconded by General Fielding, a hearty vote of thanks was accorded to H.R. H. the Duke of Connaught for presenting the shield and prizes. Lord Shafttsbury referred to the changes which had taken place in the railway world, and said the competition which they had witnessed that day was the last under the old conditions, and new regulations would have to be drawn up for future years.

In responding to the vote of thanks, which was accorded with acclamation, His Royal Highness said how pleased he always was to corne to the railway competition. He congratulated the winning team upon their succc:ss and the representatives of the railway cornpwif s for the interest they took in am bulance work and for furthering the movement.

Sir Henry Mather Jackson (Great WtS ero Railway), in a breezy speech, thanhd the ui1ges for their WOI k 111 connection with the competitions. Tho motIon was seconded by Mr. E. Richards, Centre Secretary, ")Uthern Railway (South E3.stern & Chatham S. ction) Dr. Mandall Coates having suitably responded cn behalf of the judgcs, the proceedings terminaLd.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

St. John Ambulance

Brigade Supplement.

Appointments, Etc.

APRIL, 1923.

The Chid Commissioner has sanctioned the following appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

PRINCE OF WALES'S DISTRICT.

Divisional Supt. Leonard Harry Claydon to be District Officer, 20.-l 23 No 86 ( Horseferry) Dlvision.-Harold Huskinson, M.B., B.S., :i\1.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 13.4. 2 3, Dr. Fmucane resigned.

London Post Office Corps (Kmg Edward's Building Division).-Wllliam Logan Scott, M.e., M. B., Ch. B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 4-4.23

W elli ngborough Corps (I rtb lingborough Division).- Pte. Percival Maycock to be Divisional Supt., 13.4.23

Wolverhampton Division.-Divisional Surgeon Dr. Somerset transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 7.4. 23

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Warrington Corps.-Divisional Supt. Enest Edward Grinham to be Corps Officer, 4.4. 2 3

Birkenhead Corps (Y.M.C.A. and Claughton Division).Alexander Lennox McAdam, M.B., Cb. B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 29.3.23

Bolton Corps (Westhoughton Division).-Henry Carson Duffy, M.B to be Divisional Surgeon, 30 .4. 2 3

Cbeadle Heath Railway Division.-Pte. Robert Stuart Barber to be Divisional Supt., 24-4.23, vice Supt. A. Howard resigned.

Crewe Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt Mrs. Hughes resigned, 1.5. 23

Crompton Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

Eliza Waleham to be Lady Divisional Supt., 2-l·4·2 3

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

SOlliE hlPRESSI ..... NS OF THB: lNTER RAILWAY FINAL CO;lIPETlTlON.

London Post Office Corps (North Western District Office Division).-George Sowden, ilI.D., to be Divisional Surgeon, 134 2 3 ) D' S ff S 'V'll'

o. 16 ( New Cross IVlSlon. - ta ergt. I lam Simmons to be Ambulance Officer, 1.5:13

Dalton-in-Furness Division.-Divisional Supt. W. Askew resigned, 10.5. 2 3

Hazel Grove Division -Ambulance Officer J. Daniels transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 1.4.23

by one mark to the Southern Railway (South Eastern and Chatham Section). The team work of the runnt rs-up, however, was the feature of the Competition and a Dock Test was naturally to their liking. The prompt and efficient way in which they handled the "case" earned the plaudits of all who were privileged to witness their work. Evidently they were not !>o fortunate in their individ ual tests.

The result of the Competition was announced to a large and expectant gathering at 4 p m., by Lord Shaftesbury, Director of Ambulance Department, who presided, as under :-

1. Southern (South Eastern and Chatham Section)

2. Great Western (Alexandra Docks)

3· London & North-Eastern (Great Central Section)

4· Metropolitan

5. London & North-Eastern (Hull & Barnsley)

6. London, Midland & Scottish (London & NortnWestern Section)

7. Greater Western (Gloucester)

8. London & North-Eastern (Great Northern)

"Inter" final day has come and gone It is always the day of the year among railway ambulance men and this year it was a great competition. tests 'w o: re remarkably good-puhaps as good as we have seen in the whole of the competitions-and the Association was .fortun1te in its selection of judges. The te1>t!', of cnursp, dId not, and doubtless ne'-er will, please all, the fact that No. was called upon to act as a demonstrator of first aid, caused some comments. S J m critics thought that the days of long "vivas," such as that imposed on NO.3, should have passed Into the limbo of the lost. The popularity of the viva-voce test, in fact the populanty of anything but straightforward actual first aid work, seems to be on the wane.

Ambulance men must have their grouse but their cri.ti.cisms are kindly and well meant, for there a happy spmt abroad at the Cannon Street Hotel on the 11th inst. The old complaint about lack of staging was again heard and it was justified when a team is supposed to be "on ship's side in docks on a cold winter afternoon" and nothing is provided to enable the competitors to visualise the case. No wonder that one II patient" who has just been (in theory) " hiked" out of the cold water was fanned by a zealous competitor keep him UJOt. It was entirely excusable, for after all p3.tlent and team were in the c( mfortably warm atmosphere of the sumptuous Great Hall Cannon-street, with nothing to remind them of thfi; surroundings. The Piccadilly Circus case (No.2) was Just as cOlIlpletely staged.

One does not like to comment too harshly up:>n this (Continued on page 2I8).

No. 83 ( Northern IIeights ) Dlvision.-Sergt. J. J. Ascott to be Ambulance Officer, 20 4 2 3 No. 31 (South end ) Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Jessie A. Francis to be Lady Divisional Supt., 5.4. 2 3, vice Mrs. Creed tranc;(erred to the Brigade Reserve. South Metropolitan Gas Company Corps.-Sergt. William Brooks to be Corps Sergt.-Major, 6.4. 2 3 South Metropolitan Gas Company Corps (No. 59, No. Division). - Am bulance Officer Joseph Daniel Payne to be Divisional Supt., 6.4. 23 Sergt. Percy B. Wickens to be Ambulance Officer, 6.4. 23 No. 55 (Southall) Division.-Alexander Barnett Brook, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, [64 23

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Southampton Corps (Southampton Division).-E. Argent Saunders, i\1..R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 27.4. 2 3

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Corps (Handsworth Division).-Divisional Surgeon David Hartly Burn to be Divisional Surgeon and SuPt.,25·4.2 3

Birmingham Corps (Small Heath Division).- William Oxley Forster Sinclair, M.B., B.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 10.4. 2 3

Leicester Corps (Coalville Nursing Division).-Ambulance Sister Mary Caroline Creswell to be .Lady Divisional Supt., 28.3. 2 3

Ambulance Sister Hettie Richards to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 28.3.23

Leicester Corps (Newark Nursing Division).-Lady Ambulance Officer Allee E. Knight to be Lady Divisional Supt., :n·3·2 3

Ambulance Sister Margaret E. Field to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 21.3.23

Heywood Division_-Sergt. James Nightingale to be Divisional Supt., 9-4.23, vice Supt. J. Ashworth transferred to the Preston Headquarters Division supernumerary to establishment, 16.3.23

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Brimington Division.-Divisional_Supt. Jaquest tranferred from Askern Division, 26-4. 2 3

Derby Nursing Division.-Ethel M. Barber to be Nursing Officer, 20.4.23

Leek Division.-Reuben Burnett, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 23-4. 2 3

Lincoln Corps.-Corps Officer W. A. Codd transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 30 4 2 3

Nottingham Corps (Band Dlvlslon).-Aru bulance Officer Joseph Walters Elliott to be Divisional Supt., 2.+-4.23 Pte. Alfred Charles Smith to be Ambulance Officer, 28.4 2 3 .,

Nottingham Corps (RnblO Hood Dlvlslon).-Pte. Harold Ratcliffe to be Divisional Supt., 24.4. 2 3

Whitwell Colliery Division.-Pte. Joseph Ellse to Divisional Supt., 214 2 3

No.6 DISTRICT.

Derwent Valley Corps (Benfieldside Nursing Division).Lady Ambulance Officers L. Richley and V. Hopper resigned, 24-4- 2 3

Horden Colliery Division.-Adam Armitt, M. B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 21.4. 2 3

Mid Durham Corps (East Stanley Collieries Division).Philip Sidney Blunden to be Divisional Supt.. 64. 2 3

Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps (City Dlvision).-Divisional Sura-eon Frederick R. H. Laverick, M.B., B.S., to be Divisional Surgeon and Supt., 28-4.23, vice Supt. F. Hartley transferred to Gateshead Borough Division supernumerary to establishment.

N ewcastle-on-Tyne Corps (Friends Division).-Divisional

216 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- May, )923

Supt. Young seconded for duties at Corps Headquarters, I. 5.23

Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps (G osforth Nursing Division).Ambulance Sister Edith Hutchings to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 12.4.23

North Durham Corps (Ga(eshead Borough :9ivision ).Robert Johnson to be Ambulance Officer, 19-4.23

Arthur Newman to be Ambulance Officer, 27-4.23

North Durham Corps (Springwell Colltery Dlvision).Sergt. John William Middleton to be Ambulance Officer, 194. 2 3

North Tyneside Corps (P ercy Main Division).-Ambulance Officer James Hunter to be Divisional Supt., 17.4.23, vice Supt. J. Appleton resigned

Scarborough Division.-Ambulance Officer F. Colclough transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 1.4.23

NO.8. DISTRICT.

Lady District Offier Charlotte Annie Gilson Falwasser to be Lady District Supt., 30.3.23

Brighton and Hove Corps (Brig hton Division).-Major De St. Croix to be Ambulance Officer, 11.4.23

Faversham Nursing Division. -Ambulance Sister Alice Curling to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 17.4.23

Correction.-Dr. C. G. Schurr to be DIvisional Surgeon to to the Preston Nursing Division and not the Home Nursing Di\'ision as shewn in last issue.

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Lt.-Col. William Blackwood, D.S.O., M.B., Ch.B., to be County Surgeon for Cornwall, 214.23

Friary Nursing Division.-Nursing Officer Allsopp resigned, 19-4.23

Millbay Railway Division.- -Ambulance Officer W. Wingfield transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 30-4 23

Devonport Central Cadet Divi-:ion.-Wlliiam Thomas Lucitt to be Ambulance Ofhcer for Cadet purposes, 17-4.23

No. 12 DISTRICT.

Ipswich Corps.-Elsie Hill to be Lacy Corps Officer 26.3. 2 3

No. II DISTRICT.

Ramsgate Station D ivision.-Am bulance Officer George Richard Ward to be Divisional Supt., 12-4.23

George William Fearn to be Ambulance Officer, 28.4.23

NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :-

PRINCE OF WALES'S DISTRICT.

Walthamstowand District Corps.-Sanctioned, 1.1.23

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Chesham Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 1. 1.23

J. S. White & Co.'s Division. - Disbanded, 19.4.23

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Lunesdale Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 11.4.23

Holmel Chapel Nursing- Division.-Disbanded, 10.5.23

Daubhill Nursing Division. - Disbanded, 10.5.23

Dalton-in-Furness Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 17.4,23

Brayton Domain Collieries Division.-Disbanded, 17.4.23

Maryport Divlsion.-Disbanded, 17.4.23

Haverigg Dlvision.-Disbanded, 17.4.23

Pleasey Division - Disbanded, 24.4.23

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Weardale Corps and its Divisions. - Disbanded, 19.4 23

DEATHS

Assistant Commissioner J. M. Carvell, Prince of Wales's District, 21.4.23

Ambulance Officer W. Postlethwaite, Morecambe Division, 1.5.23

Lady Supt. Miss Hazzlewood, Batley Nursing Division, 19-4. 2 3

Divisional Surgeon E. Brunt, Leek Division, 19.4.23

JAMES R. A. CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

Death of Dr. John Maclean Carvell.

IT is with sincere regret that we have to record the death, on the 21St ult., of Dr. John Maclean Carvell, M.R.C S. He will be sadly missed in ambulance circles, particularly in the metropolitan area.

Dr. Carvell had been associated with ambulance work for about a quarter of a century, and he particularly identified himself with railway, police and other classes orgams:!d in connection with industrial undertakings. He was a familiar figure at St. John's Gate, where he served on various committees.

Whilst those who were privileged to meet him had noric e d a change in his physical condition during past months, the end came very suddenly; for he was engaged in competition work up to within about a month of his dta' h.

In bis capacity as an adjudicator in ambulance compt:titions-and there were few, if any, better judges in the country-he will be long remembered. No one has done more to advance the standard of work and improve fir3t-aid competitions than the of these few notes. His services were continuously in demand as lecturer or eX'lminer to classes, or as adjudicator in competitiom, as his popularity in this was attributable not only to his unique knowledge of his subject, but also to his genial temp:!rament and th e apt use of homely illustration by which instruction was imparted to his hearers. He was never "over the helds " of the class, but was always r eady to clear up any misunderstan ding or ::t'isist a student in doubt.

In addition to his close connection with the St. John Ambulance Association, Dr. Carvell was active in Brigade work. At the time of his death, he was Assistant Commissioner for the London District, and prior to holding that appointment had heen for many years Honordry Surgeon of the Paddington (G. W.R.) Division.

Although he has gone from us, his voice will :>till be heard, for he has left us a rich legacy in first-aid and kindred literature. As is well known, he was the author of those helpful little catechism s on "First Aid," "Home Nursing," and" Home Hygiene." His" Indtx of First Aid II is a valuable book of refer e nce on everyt hing appertaining to filst aid, and his more recent pocket folders CI First Aid in Few Words," "Home Nursing in Few' Words," and •. Bandaging Diagrams," have met a long felt want, and one is pleased to hear that they are in continuous and increasing deman¢.

Dr. Carvell was, perhaps, one of the first exponents of first aid to appreciate the broadening and humanising effect of an ambulance training. He adher e d strongly to the view that the man or woman who took up this beneficent work profited by the training, not only in his or her ahility to alleviate the suffering of others, but also in making them b:!tter members of the community. In short, he placed a high value on the by-products of such training.

- FIRST A.ID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

In the course of a long and honourable career, his wJrk for the aUlbulance cause was probably wllhout parallel, and the full account of his many. voluntary to the cause he had so much at heart will never be known. He exemplified in his life the true ambulance spirit, and there are many who will regret the passing of an able instructor and a true friend. world is the poorer by the loss of such men.

R. I. P.

" Dewar" and "Perrott" Shields.

COUNT\' PRELIMIN -\RY COMPETITIONS lI'-' SURREY.

THE Surrey County Competitions took place at Clandon Park, on Saturday, April I4th, through the kind permission of the Earl and Countess of Onslow. Lord Onslow was present throughout the day and showed himself as very keenly interested in the work of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and a very kindly a nd considerate host. U nfurtunatt:ly Lady Onslow was and so unable to be present, but her deep interest in our work was shown by the fact that the competitions took place in the mansion itself, the crc:lwing room heing given over to the men and and the dining room to the nurses, whilst the wonderful hall was utilised as a waiting room and for the serving of lunch and tea, both of which meals were very kindly provided by Lord and Lady Onslow.

The judges were Dr. A. B. Mc\1aster of Dover, and Drs. i\. E Porter of Reigate, and Miss Cheetham, the matron in charge of the CambrIdge Military Hospital. The arrangements for the competitions were in the hands of the Acting As;istant C')mmisslone r (or Surrey, Brig.-Gen. E. T. Tudor. Soon after the commenc eme nt of the competitions the Commissloner for No. dist:ict, Dr. A. Vernon Davies, accompanied by the late Commissioner Dr. C. Cotton arrived, and after being received by the E'ul of Onslow visited the exa mination rooms and inspf:cted the progress of the t ests.

The VI hole of the competitors with the staff officers and judges wer e entertained to lunch, at the conclusion of which after the loyal tOlSt had been given by Lord Onslow, Dr. Vernon Davies expressed the gratitude of No. 8 District to his lordsh ip for the enterta'nment and hospitality he had extended that day.

During the afternoon a considerable number of visitors attended by invitation, including Sir Arthur Martindale, K.C.S.I., Knight of Grace of the Order and Honor,uy President of Guildford Ambulance Division. A novel feature of the afternoon wa::; the taking of a film showing the two winning teams at work and a group of the whole of the teams and staff on the steps of Clandon Park was also taken.

After tea the teams were drawn up and addressed by the Earl of Onslow who expressed his pleasure at receiving them there, and formerly handed over to the Commissioner two handsom e silver challenge cups which r.e was presenting for annual competition amongst the various divisions in the County of Surrey. His lordship also presented two silvt"r medals to be handed over to the winning teams as a permanent momento. Th ':! Commissioner accepted the cups on behalf of the district and assured his lordship that they would always treasured and keenly competed for. The Guildford Ambulance Division was

judged winners of the Competition for. the preliminary Dewar with a total of 195 marks, the Relgate AmbulanCe! Division second with 183 marks and Camberlcy third with 163 marks. Camberley and Windlesham Nursing Division won the Silver Cup for Nursing Divisions with a total of 505 marks, Reigate being second with 403! and Guildford third with 403 marks.

The judges briefly addressed the teams, stating various points which had been overlo?ked or with, and after a further expression of thanks to hiS lordshIp the gathering broke up.

District Preliminary Competitions for " Dewar" and "Perrott" Shields.

THE Three Counties Competition was held at Ashford on Wednesday, April 18th, when the tfams which had won the County Competitions for KEnt, Surrey, and SUSSex, competed as to who should represent Nt). 8 district in the final fer the Dewar and Perrott Shitldf.

The arrangements were in the hands of the Competition Secretar y. Div. Supt. Britain, and the Ashford Town Council were good enough to place the assembly rooms at the disposal of the Brigade. The Commissioner ( Dr. A. Vernon Davies, O. B. E. ) was prescnt during the afternoon, ::nd was supported by the last Commissioner (Dr. C. Cotton), Assist. C. A. Coventon and F. Noble. Dist.-Surgn. A. F. Street, County SurgP. G. Locke, Lady Dist. Supt. Mrs. C. A. G Falwasser, and other members of tht: District and County Stafff. The judges were Dr. Wacher of Canterbury, and Dr. Southey of Maidstone.

At the close of the competition, Lady Div. Supt. Mrf. Selby presented Dr. Cotton on behalf of the nursing divisions with a Silver Challenge Shield together with a framed illuminated address. The shield to be competed for annually by the nurs ing divisions of the district. Mrs. Selby in a very graceful speech alluded to fact that the challenge shield was in commemoration of over 30 years devoted service to the brigade on the part of Dr. Cotton, and that his kindness and worth has betn vHy much appreciated by all the members of the nursing divisions in the district.

In reply, Dr. Cotton who was obviously mov ed, dwelt upon the great amount of self sacrific e that had been in evidence throughout the Brigade during the years of the war, and impressed upon those present the necessity for the continuance of such arduous work during peace. It was gratifying wh en the judges reported that the Ramsgate Nursing DIvision which was formed and trained largely through the instrumentality of Dr. and Mrs. Cotton were the first winners of the Cotton Challenge Shield. The Three Counties Trophy for ambulance divisions was won by Sittinghourne.

These two units will therefore represent the district in the finals in London for the Dewar and Perrott Shields.

WOMBWELL HOSPITAL MOVEMENT. - The Fourth Annual Ambulance Competition (Open) will be held on June 9th, 1923. A Shield valued 60 gs. and valuable prizes to be competed for. Entry Forms and particulars on application to :-Hon. Sec., D. Foers, 39, Hough Lane, Wombwell, Near Barnsley, Yorkshire. Entries close June 4th, 19 2 3.

Review at Guildford.

ON Easter Sunday, April 1st, a very successful review of St. John Ambulance Brigade divisions, took place on the parade ground of the Royal Military College, Camberley, kindly lent (or the occasion by Major-General Sir R B. Stevens.

The divisions on parade reprfsented Nos. 2, 8 and [I (S.E.&C.R) districts of the brigade, and were as follows ;(S. E. & c. R), Town, and (G.W.R.), Aldershot (S. E. & C. R.), Redhill (S.E. &C.R), Maidenhead, Twyford (G W.R.), Addiscombe (S E.&C. R), Camberley, Bagshot and Cranleigh.

NurslOg.-Reldlng Town, Guildford, Camberley and London Bridge (S.E. & C.R.).

Cadets.-Aldershot (S.E. & c.R.)

. A route march of five mil e s from Wellington College station under the command of Corps Officer Racine (Guildford), with Supt. Winterbourne (Reading Town) as pteced.e? the rtview, the column, 300 strong, arriv109 on Royal Mtlltary College parade ground at 440 p. m.

Punctually at 5 u'clock the Chief Commissioner Sir James R. A. Clark al rived, attended by Brig.-Gen. E T. Tudor,. C: M.G (No. 8 district), Dr. Osborn, M.B. (No. 2 dlstnct), B. Hemphrey, M.B E. (No: II S.E. & C.R), and Lickman, O B.E. (Royal Mlhtary College); also District Officers E. J. Prew (N o. II S.E. & and J. H.P. Batt (N 0. 2 trict).

Accompamed by these officers, the Chief Commissioner passed along the ranks and inspected the ambulance men, nurs::s and cadets, afterwards procEedinrr to the saluting base, where he received the salute of divisions, a'3 they marched past with splendid precision led by Asst.-Commr. Brig.-Gen. Tudor. '

Sir James Clark expressed his complete satisfaction and pleasure at the smartness of all on parade, and with the He Supt.. J. Brindley, Readmg (S. E. & C.R.) divIsIOn, for his work ID connection therewith; also the Reading divisions who originated the scheme.

After tea, in the Old Gymnasium, headed by the Reading Temperance Silver Band, the column marched to Blackwater Station, where they entrained for home.

(Continued from page 2I4).

lack of in. the Final round of the Inter-Railway Competition, but It has to be borne in mind that the competing teams had survived the various railway companies in which the "cases" were provided with a proper setting, and (tell it not in Gath) the preliminary rou:1d of the Inter-Railway Competition itself (a railway ttst) had been replete with permanent way, wall, wire fence, etc. Evidently, however, the "Final" is not to lose its reputation for being the one competition in which little, if any, attempt is made to assist the competitors to visualise their supposed surroundings- at least, not yet.

The particulars of the various tests given in the were more helpful than last year, but it IS a pity the educatIOnal value of the competition is sacrificed by withholding from the spectators all the cards received by the competitors.

Anyway, with the exception of the points r e ferred to, the organisation of the competition was good. The work

of the competitors was good, the judges were excellent, and, generally speaking, is was a fine competition.

But one doesn't go to London on Final Day only to see the competition. One goes to meet old friends, competitors of by-gone days; to renew old associations and discuss ambulance activities and compare notes with other enthusiasts. Many old competitors of years gone by were among the sp ectators at Cannon-street this year. One met old friends nnd rivals of the Portman Rooms days. Judges, lecturers, eXliminers, railway centre secretaries, and others, all foregather for the Final. It is a great meeting of ambulance veterans this final day, and it is good to meet.

As the years go on we note with regret that some of the well known faces are missing from the assembly. We missed the familiar figure of Dr. Carvell, who has rect ntly joined the great majority. We noticed, however, that the two Great Western teams wore black ties as a mark of respect for their lost friend-for he was all that to G W. R. men and to many others.

Several of those one met were in reminiscent mood and spoke of the great contests of past years, and though we had our grouse here and there, we felt that there is not much the matter with the railway ambulance movement. It still attracts the right type of men, good winners and equally good losers, and there is not much wrong with a of men who for the love of humanity, devote their leisure to first aid work. They enJoy their ria)' Ollt and look forward to their yearly reunions on the occasion of the Inter-Railway Final.

J\mbulanee )'(ews euttings.

The Editor invites. rl!aders to se/ld newspaper cullinc s OJ! matlers of geaeral 11lterest for illdusion ill this {o/lf m1l

POINTS ON "OB SERVATl ON."

'l:'he of Midhurst .(Rev. Frank Tatchell ) who has 10 tIght corners, gIves a few useful hints that will 10terest police officers and ambulance men. For instances:

(r) Remember that the way to catch the faintest sound is to keep your mouth open, for your ear has an inward entrance as well as an 0l:1ter, like the gill which gave it origin If you have a companIon and want to wake him without his speak10g press your finger under his ear." '

(2) If attacked by a dog, .d on't try. to "good dog" him off you.r hat and hold It out to hIm, when he will snap at It seIze It by the brim. Now the length of your hat and IS the length of your leg, and, if you kick out, he will get It Just under the jaw, bite his tongue and go off howl1Og. -Police Chronicle.

GIRL'S LEAP TO SAFETY.

Careering a .steep hill near Aldershot, on a bicycle 0l:1 of control, a gIrl reSIgned herself to an inevitable collision With some cows that came into view as she turned a bend. As her machIne struck the first of the approaching cows f<?rward from her seat and landed astride the animal 111 rear of the .one which she had collided; and 111 that POSitIon she remaIned till a cowman lifted her to the ground. incident seems incredible, but I can vouch for it, for I saw It.-E vening News.

The •• PLUMBER &. JOURNAL OF HEATING" (IS. monthly) is THE paper for all progressive tradesmen.-Publishing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C.4.

May,I9!3· -FIRST

------------- - - -Metropolitan Railway Ambulance Centre.

AN inttresting gathering look place at Neasden Works of the Metropolitan Railway Co. on March 17th, the occasion being the Annual Competition for the Ambulance Challenge Shield presented by the Directors and Officers of th e Company. Keen interest was shown by the trams competing, the winning team, representing the Works gaining 297 marks out of a pOSSible 373. Colonel F A. Brooks, M.D., judged the stretcher test, the scene of which was constructed to rppresent a portion of railway track with station buildings, etc., whilst the accident was based on the latest Issue of the Company's" Safely First" Poster.

Captain A. B. Leakey, M.B., Ch. B , acted as judge (or the individual part of tht Competilion.

The and were pres p nted by R. H . elble, Esq, C.B E., G e nera.l 1anager of the Company and President of the Ambulance Centre, who was supported by several Officers of the ompany.

In the course of his rtmar ks the Gen ral Manager thanked the members for the splLndid First A\d work accolllpli< hed on the ompany's system, hinting lh it hardly a dly pass e d without a good case of FIrSt Aid rendered being shown to hIm and he commend e d the good work to all members of the staff stIll outside the ambulance movement addlOg tha t th e Centre was steadi ly growing In strc:ngth but stIll was TUOOl for mOTe.

Mr. \Y. M. Ballingall, Accountant, a vote of thanks lo R. H. Selble, E q, also to 3.11 others who had helped to make the day such a

The following is the Stretcher Test marking :-

Your team IS at a country station, where the stationmaster lives, when a :nessag e arrives saymg a player a few yards down the lll1e has had an injury by a bottle thrown from a train. On your arrIval the patient IS p1.le and feels very faint. The front of the right trouser Just above the right knee has a cut almost 2 IOches long and thele is bright red blood corning from it in fair quantity Patient said the bottle crashed on the g round and broke I11tO fragments whilst he was sitting having his dInner. lIe com plains of pain in his right eye. rhe usual

" First Aid" equ ipment is m the Station Master 's Office.

Approach to patient, 2 encouraging words, 2 4

Remove broken bottle

Place in recumbent position

Sleady lower limb

I mmediate digital pressure to femoral artery

Tourniquet

Slit outside seam

Examination of wound ( incised wound inches long just above patella involving knee joint)

Ask if any glass in wound ( No )

2

1

4

4

J 0

5

2

Great Western Railway Ambulance Competitions, 1923.

OF late years the Great West -: rn Railway app ear to have: been busy in setting up records in connection with the ambulance movement. There were 245 teams judg l;' d in conn e ction with their 1923 Section Competitions, and this is a substantial advance on th e entry for the pre\iJus ye ar ([3 8 teams), which comtituted a record at that time. The Sectional Contests were held at variou:; p o ints throughout the Great Western Railway systt:m during the months of February and March by the late Dr. J. M. Carvell, and it is gratifying to note that the adjudicator, with a quarter of a c'!ntur) ' s experience in first aid competitions. txpresstd the view that the high sta1dard of tfficiency un the Great Western Railway was being well n1dintained, and that many of the junior teams showfd outstanding promise.

- The winners in the S e ctional Contests are set out below;Divisio n

1. Londnn A

2. London B

3. Swindon

4. Bristol A

4A. Bristol B

5. Exeter

6. Plymouth

7. Cardiff

8. Swansea

9. Pontypool Road

10. Gloucester

1. W orces ter

12. Birmingham

13. Chester

14. Central Wales

IS. Cardiff Valleys

16. South Wales Docks

Advallced Class.

P;tddington Klcliington No. (with No. [ DIvision)

Bristol NO.2 Weymouth No.

Taunton No. Plymouth No.2 Newport (Dock S1. ) No.

Landore No. [ (with Nos. [5 and 16 Divisions)

Gloucester No.

Worcester Sheet Dept. No. I (with No. 13 Division)

Chester

Llanidloes

BegillJlers' Class Old Oak Common. Wallingford. Swindon o. 4. Chippenham No. Weymouth NO.2. Tiverton Junction. Penzance No.2. Newport (Dock St.) NO·3· Llangennech Pontlianfraith.

Chalford. Worcester Sheet Dept., NO.4. Dandbury No. Birkenhead Loco. Dept., NO.3. Barmouth JunctIOn.

(with Nos. 8 and r6 (with No. [6 Division). Divisions)

Newport Alexandra Newport Alexandra Dock, No. Dock, No. I.

-FIRST

The eigbt teams scoring the highest number of marks in the Sectional Contests met in the Final contEst at Paddington Ln April 13th, and it is gratifying to note that two of the3e teams wert drawn from the beginners' class.

The competing teams were as under :-

Newport (Alexandra Dock), Pontillanfraith, Newport (Dock Street) (NO.1), L'lndore, Birkenhead (No.3), Taunton (No. I), Gloucester (No. I), Llanidkes (No. I).

As these included the holders of the Inter-Railway Challenge Shield, i.e., Newport, Alexmdra Dock (late Alexandra Dock and Railway) ; the present holders of the Directors' Challenge Shield, Gloucester (No I); and the holders of tl-,at trophy for the years 1919'192 I, NEwport Dock Street, a keen competition was assured.

The adjudicators were Dr. Salsbury Sharpe work) and Dr. F. A. Brookes (lOdividual work)

The team test was one in which a mo+orist had sus-

A I D.-

E. Bolter (Secretary), Drs. W. Salisbury Sharpe and F. A. Brooks, Mrs. Salisbury Sharpe, Miss Carvell, and others.

His Lordship called upon Mr. W. G. Chapman Ambulance Centre Secretary), to announce the result of the Final competition, which was as under :-

Directors' Challenge Shield and First PrizeNewport (Dock Street)

Second PrizeAlexandra Dock, Newport

Third PrizeGloucester

Fourth PrizeLandore ...

May, 19 2 3 -FIRST

He explained that the four teams winning prizes that day would represent the Great Western Ra!lway in the Inter-Railway Challenge Trophy, and Wished them success.

The" Henry Butt" Challenge Bowl (given by Henry Butt, J.P., of Weston-Super-Mare, for annual presentation to the team securinjZ; the highest number of marks in the beginners' class in the sectional competitions) was handed to the Pontllanfraith team.

His Lordship then proceeded to distribute the annual gold, silver and bronze awards and a. num ber of certificates for actual FIrSt Aid rendered dunng the year 19 22 particulars of the for which the medal awards were made being announced by the Centre Secretary.

GOLD MEDAL AWARD -Stephen Barrelt, ticktt collector, Paddinglon, for first aid rendered to an engine driver at Paddine:ton Station on December 3rd. The engine driver was"knc c ked down by a rail motor CH and

AID.-

SILVER MEDAL.- John Cook, goods guard, Trowbridge, for fir.:.t aid rendered to a woman who, in taking a short cut home through the goods yard, passed under some wagons, which were moved by an engine at work in the yard, with the result that a wagon went over both legs, badly crushing them and necessitating subsequent amputation.

Mr. Cook hurried to the spot and quickly applied digital pressure to both pressure points, in order to arrEst hoemorrhage, until someone else arrived, when he instructed the assistant to take his place. He then improvised two tourniquets and succeeded in stopping the bleeding. A doctor was obtatned, and upon his arrival Mr. Cook assisted in placing the limbs in splints and in treatment for shock.

BRONZE MEDAL -Brinley Rees, Stocktaker, Traffic Department, Port Talbot, who was only 15 years of age, for first-aid rendered to afl employee engagt'd in braklOg

tained extensive injuries due to his car overturning, and particularly brought out the initiative, rEsourcefulness and general qualifications of a te3.m captain, who had to handle the" C3.se " in its preliminary stages without the assistance of the other team members The contest aroused considerable interest, and many of the directors, chief officers, and members of the st3.ff the competition in progre3s.

At the subsequent presentation of awards, the Chairman, the Right Hon. Viscount Churchill, G C.V.O., presided, and was supp0rt::d by Mr. F. J. C. Pole (General Manager), Mr. J. F. Lean (asssistant to General Manager and Chairman of Ambulance Committee), Sir Herbert Lewis (Secretary of the Welsh Priory), Mr. W. W. Grierson (Chief Engineer), Mr. A. G Hubbard (Solicitor), Mr. A.

The Chairman stated that no phase of welfare work on the railway appealed to him more than the First Aid monment, and he congratulated the Centre on having set up a new record in regard to successful first aid examinees for the year 1922, which was only short of 5,000. He referred to the amalga mati on of the "Safety" and " First Aid" movements as being a step in the right direct ion. In his opinion, the practice which was inseparable frJm first aid competitions constituted valuable training for those participating.

His L'Jrdship spoke of the long association of Dr. Carvell with the ambulance movement of the Great Western Railway, and asked Miss Carvell to conVf'y a message of symplthy to her father in his illness from the meeting, and best wishes for his early recovery.

sustain t d serious IOJuries, including a lacerated scalp wound, severed right arm above the elbow, smashed toe and concussion. Mr. Barrett immediately applied digital pressure to the brachial artery, treated the patitot for shock, app liEd a tourniquet. Dressings were applied to the wound of scalp and foot and the patien t placed on a litter and removed to St. Mary's H03pital, alfiviog there in less than a quarter of an hour after the accident.

The surgeon who received the case at the: hospilal stated :-

" The first aid was exceptionally efficiently rtndered. The patient arrived in an extremely good condition. The tourniquet was so well applied that it was not taken off at all or interfered with in any way untit the patient had been anc.e5thetized and brought into the theatre. I consider it was due to the prompt treatment at the Great Western Railway that the patiEnt's condition was so remarkably good after such a very serious accident."

wagons when the brakes tick slipped and he fell underneath. Eight wagons passed over the man's legs, causing both to b : lacerated. The patient unfortunately died a few hours after the accident.

The capable youth, Rees, with assistance, arrested the hc.emorrhage with improvised tourniquets, formed of mufflers and handkerchiefs, and treated the patient for shock. He th en had the patient conveyed immediately to Aberavon Hospital.

The Certificate Awards were as under:Arthur E Fisher (smith), Swindon. Thomas G. Barnes (goods guard), Llantris9.nt. James Connolly (yard inspector). RogerstGm. Hugh B. Gardiner (signalman), Neath; Albtrt F. Heard (lad porter), Twyford; George Hodges (coal tipper), Newport; Wilfrid Newman (tool storesman), Swindon

One of the Ambulance Teams at work in the Final Competition. The onlookers are Dr. W. Salisbury Sharpe and the Centre Secretary.

The Rt. Hon. Viscount Churchill, G.C.V.O., presenting the Directors' Challenge Shield to the Cap tain of the Winning Team.

-F IRST

Henry E. Norman ( yard foreman), Honeybourne. Rowland P. Sims (repairer), Gloucester Dock;

H. Smith (SIgnalman), Pyle. The proceedings were brought to a close by a vote of

"Harry Webb" Competition.

THE Erst Inter·Railway Ambulance Competition for railway men in the Principality of Wales was held in the Territorial Drill Hall, Cardiff, on the 1St inst., when nine teams competed for the handsome Challenge Cup, known as the "Harry Webb" Cup, recently presented to the Priory of Wales by Sir Henry Webb.

Interest in the ambulance movement is probably as strong in South Wales as In any put of the kingdom, and an enthusiastic body of ambulance work:!rs was present to witness the work of the competitors. SIX teams had bten entered by the Great Western Railway Centre and three by the London, Midland & Scottisn Railway Centre.

In tbe absence of Sir Herbert Lewis (Secretary of the Priory) in London, tbe prize-giving was presided over by L3.dy L<;wis, who spoke of the hen interest which had been evinced in the contest and britfly referred to the activities of the Priory in conn".!ction with am bulance w o rk among railwaymen.

The result of the Competition having been announced as under, Lady Lewis called upon the Earl of Plymouth, who was accompanied by Lady Plymouth, to present the Challenge Cup and prizes :larks.

G.\V.R. Alexandra Dock, Tewport r6<)

G.W.R. Newport Dock Street 168

G. W.K Landore No. I... 15 7

L.M. & S.R. Carmarthen Town

G.W.R. Pontypool Road No. 139

L.M. & S.R. Bangor Engineering Dep ut 138

G. W R. Cardiff Valleys I 31

L.M & S.R. Abergavenny JunctIOn J:l<)

G.\V.R. Llanidloes

3\'actical 3loints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with specia. reference to good and bad iJoints in 7 reatment-for inclusion in this Column.

D UTIES OF FIRST-AID.

The warning of the Textbook (p 20) that First-Aiders have a duty toward themselves is illustrated by a recent fatal accident in which the person originally exposed to danger escaped unhurt. A plate layer, hearing a woman scream, rushed to her help, and, findIng that a child was in a dangerous position on a railway line, acted "without careful consideration of surroundings " to his own detriment.

To reach child, he took a flying leap at the railway fence, caught hIS foot on the top rail, pitched on to the line, and, he could himself, was cut in two by a The child, beIng on the other set of rails, was qUIte unInJured.-M R., Cannon Street.

USES OF O BSERVATION

A man along sea.shore, found a man's cap at the foot of a c: llft. hiS powers of observation, he made further IDVestlgatlOn, at first without success. After a prolonged search, however, he detected a boot behind a bush quickly located a man lying on a ledge halfway up clIff.

He at once gave the alarm, and obtained assistanc e from of the by means of ropes succeeded !n ralSID'! patIent up the a distance of ISO ft. The patient, It was was suffenng from fractures of ribs, complicated by to both lungs and from profound shock, which {certalDly have proved fatal if patient had not been discovered and removed to hospital before nightfall. As it was, the" observation" and "perseverance" of a First-Aid er saved his life.-B.A., Cambridge.

Lord Plymouth spoke of the interest that he took in all phases of ambulance work and rcf-erred to the fact that his father, the late Lord Plymouth, had been closely associated with the Order of St. John for many years as well as with railway work, and at the time of his death he was a Director of the Great Western Railway. He went on to refer to the great changes that had recently taken place in the railway world, under which the Welsh railwa;s now belonged either to the Great Western, or the London, Midland & Scottish Groups. The Railway Companies were pnforming an excellent work for the good of their employees and the community at large in fostering the acquisition of First Aid knowledge among the railwayrnen. The cooperation between employer and employee in this connection, was all fOr good. The Principality was proud of its ambulance men acd women, and he had been pleased to see that when Lord Churchill recently presented prizes to ambulance workers at Paddington, three of the four prizewinning teams hailed from Wales. He tbought that should be very gratifying to those present. He then presented the Challenge Cup and Medals to mem bers of the winning team (Great Westc.rn Railway, Alexandra Dock), and a cheque to the runners-up (Great Western Railway, Newport Dock Street).

The adjudicators, Drs. Morris and Llewellyn each addressed the gathering and spoke of the very satisfactory standard of work of the competitors.

The proceedings concluded with a vote of thanks to the Earl and Countess of Plymouth, proposed by Mr. H. Ingledew (P riory of Wales), and seconded by Mr. W. G. Chapman (Centre Secretary, Great Western Rail way;' which was carried with acclamation.

May, 19 2 3

-FIRST

AI D.-

Reviews.

AMBULANCE COMPETITION TESTS. (S TRETCHER, 1NDlVIDUAL AND QUESTIO:NS ) THREE: FOLDERS.

By N. CORBET FLE':'CHER, M.B., B.C., M.R.C.S., &c.

Bale, Sons & Danielsson, 83-9I, Great Titchfield Street, W. Price per Folder, 3d. by post, 4td

IN no department has the advancement of the Ambulance Movement been more marked in recent years than in Competition wo:k. the result of this,. there has a ptrsistent and Increasmg demand for spec' men CompetitIOn Tests which could not be supplied, except in the pages of this Journal, because no one could solve the technical and com· mercial problems involved.

Where others failed. Dr. Corbet Fletcher has again succeeded. From his wide experience he has drawn up three complete series of up-to-date tests--based on the S J.A.A. Manual-which cover all branches of the work and will Interest all Fm,t-Aiders, be they competitors or not. Further, the tests are set out in his own accurate fashion, with all the wonderful attentIon to detail for which his work is noted, and wherein lies his special contribution to First-Aid.

In the early days of detailed sheets marks were thrown abo ut tn bulk, with consequent loss of much of the valuable work done by the pioneers, amongst whom the late Dr. Frank Christian, our previous medIcal correspondent, stands preeminent. These Am bulan ce Competition Tests, however, are so carefully produced that for all tIme students will know what was in the author 's mind when hE: composed them, and how he thought they should be solved. Not content with this, Dr. Corbet Fletcher presents a series of Hints on Competitions, those in Nu. Fnlder dealing with The TrainiJlE?' of Competition TeaHts, in No.2 Folder with Tlte Conduct of Bearers in

Competition Room, and m NO.3 Folder with Common E1'Yors in Competition.

In short, these Folders constitute a big step forward in Competition Work, and we hope that the doctor will add to the series, which, b-eing produced by Messrs. Bales's, Ltd., leave nothing to be desired in their style, printing and general get-up.

fetters to the

We are UJ "0 way restr.4Isible /01' tlte opt,uo"s expressed, OT the flaUm,,,t! made, b, CorJupondents.-EDITOR.

SUGGESTED BRIGADE CERTIFICATES.

SIR,-When a Brigade member falls out after 6 years or more of service he has nothing to show for it if he cannot complete the 15 years right off. So I suggest that a certificate be g i 1, en to those who after 6 or more years service fall out of the Brigade on account of ill·health, business, or other causes.Yours truly, HERBERT JELLEY.

WEDDING DAY GROUSES.

SIR,-At the dressing station to which I was attached, there were many good wishes to the Happy Bride and Bridegroom and a few grouses against poor old St. John. The following grouses are mentioned, without comment:Grouse No. I, at being told that waterproof cap covers were" Not regulati on. "

Grouse NO.2 on being "called to attention)) when a lady visited the station (appar ently an officer of the Nursing Division).

Grouse NO.3 on being told "Bottles, of any kind" were not not allowed in the pouch.

Restores • 1n and preserves fatigue health

Members of the St John Ambulance Brigade and all those who in First Aid work realise that there is nothing to equal a cup of delicious " Ovaltine 11 for restoring and preventing fatigue. It is invaluable when long hours have to be worked under unfavourable weather conditions. Containing the recuperative and restorative elements of ripe barley malt. creamy milk, fresh eggs and cocoa, one cup of " Ovaltine " supplies more nourishment than 12 cups of beef extract, 3 eggs or 7 cups of cocoa.

TAken regularly " Ovalt ine" gives and maintains health and strength. It should be the daily beverage for everyone in place of tea, coffee and other beverages which are merely stimuls.nts.

BEVERAGE

Buitds.up 'Srain, nerve and Sold

by Chemists and Stores at I/6, 2,6 aud 4 /6 It is ecollomical to purchase the si-::ed tins A. WANDER , Ltd , 45, Cowcross St ., London, E.C.l.

Cyril

MR. S. BARRETT

MR. J. COOK. MR. B. REES. thanks to the doctors for adjudicating, by Mr. A. E. Bolter, and to Lord Churchill, for presiding at the present:1tion, by Mr. F. J. C. Pole.

-FIRst

Grouse NO.4 at " drinking cups" not being allowed in the pouch.

Grouse NO.5 on being" pulled" up for smoking.

Grouse No.6 on having to "Hump Stretch ers " from the suburbs to a London duty.

Grouse NO.7 at the growing tendency in the Brigade to (( ape the military." -Yours, truly, T. W. H.

DI SCIPLI NE.

D EAR SIR, - I was very pleased to set> in your last issue the excellent practical article on ., Disc ipline ." It is an astonishing fact that so many mem bers of the are adverse to drill, the one essential factor of discipline. If Brigade work means anything to us and not merely a passing fashIOn phase or fad let us stand •. to shoulder or side by side," go through the useful drill routine cheerfully and willingly that we may be ready when occasion demands to take up our burden, and so lighten the sufferings of the injured in an orderly, well dlsciplined and efficient manner.

\Vh ic h division will do the best work, ay and get through it in the most efficient and speedy m a nner, the well-drilled or the go-as-you please one? - Yours, elc , SI:.RGT.-MAJOR.

PURCHASING A MOTOR AMBULANCE.

DEAR SIR,-Can you give the following information: -"A rist of towns or villages, where a fund raised by the public for lhe purchase of a Motor Ambulance Car, and afler delivery of the Car, the same committee of the publ ic fund have handeci the Car ( in the name of the public ) to the local Sr. John Ambulance Division, to be worked and used for the public benefit, as and when required. The car rena ining all the time the property of the public at larr;-e."

I quoted Plymouth as one town where this is done, I may b:: wrong. I wish to be put etc., J. QUl:-.'N.

[We reg-ret we cannot help, but perhaps ::.OOle of our readers. an] En.

and J\nswet's to eorrespondents.

2ueries will be dealt with under the following ruLes : _

I .-Letters containin{, Queries must be marked on (he (Of> lelt kana corner 0/ the envelope Que T7 ," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 1-6 Cannon-street, London, E. C 4.

2 -All Queries must be accompanied by a II Quer7 Coupu n" cut /1'011 the curre nt issue 0/ th, jou r na l, or in case ot Quertes I r om abroa( trom a recent issue.

? -The Textbook, to which reterence m ay be made in tktse colulIlnJ is the 36th (I920) Edition 0/ S.f.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

TRE ADIENT OF COLLAPSE

A. P. ( Crouch Hill): -Recently I found a fell ow errployee being held up by two friends in a corridor. He was in a state of profound collapse, breathlessness and inability to speak being the most marked symptoms, though, as he told me later, he was quite free from pain. Warning the bearers to release his collar and to keep patient well supported, I dashed into a neighbouring room for a c h air on which I placed him. Then, having loosened the clothes, I massaged the pit of stomach in circular fashion with the result that patient gradually recovered and brought up much flatus. Afterwards I gave sips o f h ot water and advised to consult at once a doctor near our premises. He declined my advice and walked briskly away. Subsequently, he had a similar though more serious attack (a fter I left work), was treated by a coll eague

At D.-

who removed patient to the doctor and from thence to hos pi t al where he underwent immediate operation for ulceration of stomach. Did I do right?

The association of" pro(ound collapse" and" breathlessness » should have suggested to you the possibility of the cause being Concealed (i nternal) This being the case, t hen you might have been more insistent on your patient seeking medical advice at once.

By the way, why did you treat a patient" in a state of profound colla pse » while seated on a chair? Also, why did you mas ;a ge abdomen? Personally I prefer treatment laid down on p. 104 of Textbook.-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

FOREIG BODY IN NOSE.

C. P. (Ri pon ) : -A child has a piece of glass wedged in nostril and causing Should an attempt be made to dislodge it, or should pressure be made on facial Artery, if bleeding severe, and patient taken to doctor? Kindly advise on this point.

Under no circumstances should any attempt be made to dislodge foreign body in nostril," or, in view of to make pat ient sneeze (T extb ook, p. J 17 ) On the con trar", patient should be kept as quiet as pos::.ible and treated-If slight wllh cold (lppllcations 10 nose and spine and removed to doctor, or, i f bleeding severe, as laid down un p. 105 and doctOr summoned. In the latter case, if bleeding- were arterial, on FaCial Artery would probably assist in attaining object desired. .C.F.

E Xi\\IINATION HOWLER

;vr.R.C.S. (L ondon) :-IIere is another examlOatlon ho\der to cap th at of M. D. published in i\1 arch Issue I asked a ca ndidate what he would do If he had to treat a burst varicose vein. His ansy,er electrified me-" Venous bleeding: Impure blood!! Let it hleed!!! "

Good! Next, please! !-N.C.F.

COl\IPOUND, COl\lPLlC \TED FRACTt;RE 01 FE\I UR.

R. C. (Yorkshir e ) :- In a recent competitio n which has apparen tly aheady plovlded 5everal queries ) we had to trf'at a man who while paInting the roof of a ra ilway station, falls and meets with a compound fra cture (flag. ments protruding ) of femur conJ pli cated by injury to femoral artery. The waitinli loom IS 100 yards away, and doctor arrives 10 minutes after patient is removed to waitmg room.

The marking sheet sh( \\S that nne lonR and one s hort !'plint were- reqUired. \Ve treated wlthou[ 'pllnls anu secul ed injured to uninjured 11mb af le r bleeding and dressing wound; and we contend that the use u l splints in thiS case would tend to draw broken ends of bones back into position and probably cause further complications. May I ask ( 1) could the injured limb be in such position that application of splints is possible, and

(2) what are advantages of using SpllOb 10 thIS case?

(r) Your Judge decided that splints should be used and thereby answered your question. As I do not know the exact position in which he imagined the fracture, I cannot assist. Do not, however, forget that fractures of femur (a nd humerus ) often show" shortening," because. the lower fragment IS drawn up and often lies along-side the upper; and that much depends on size of wound in relation to the protruding fr agme nt s.

(2) Splints keep parts more rigid and should, wherever possible, be used for fractures of limbs. O n this point also your Judge answered your question.-N.C.F.

TREAT:\IENT OF CARBOLIC ACID POISONING

M.C. ( Pontefract) :-In a case of Carbolic Acid Poisoning for which Epsom Salts has been given, would it be corr e ct to give one of the alkalies named in Textbook ( p. Please decide this point which is in dispute.

To what purpos e ? If Epsom Salts IS the antidote for

Carbolic Acid (personally [ have my doub.ts), then poison will be ne utralised, and no advantage. ":Ill be obtal ned by iving a second If, It IS not, ant;! If some Acid still remains actIv e, then a s e co nd antidote may do some good.

In other words, though your suggested treatn:ent may not be strictly correct according to Textbook, yet It cannot be called incorrect.-N.C. F.

CO:\ITllNED CARBOLIC AND CYANIDE POISONING.

A.M. (K ensington ) :-If a took a mixture of Carbolic A.ci d and Cyanide of Potassium for the purpose of commlttmg suicide, what would be the correct treatment?

Much deprnds on proportions of poisons in mixture. Since, howe'ler, both poisons produce grave degrees of co\lap; e, since Cyanide of Pot.lsslum may death very rapidly, and since perforation of stomach IS rare with CarbolIC Acid-then [ would treat for Cyanide Po soning with emetic, stimulants, et c. -l'l.C.F.

A COi\lPETITION PLA[NT.

C. R. (Swi ndol) ) :-1 n a recent competition-:-to my surprise I only scored [ mark out of [0 in my Vlca-voce te.s t, and I fail to see where I went wron g. I enclose marking sheet and note that no details are given In section Herewith I g'lve my answers and ask if you ca.n so assist me in my difficulty that I may not repeat any mistakes. The absence of details in marking sheet prevents me fr?m assisting you. Your answers are alright speakmg of .• complicat ed fracture" refer IOJunes to ZIller?zal of arm," among which you. IOclude. artene-s, \ie-lOS, ca pillaries, muscles, etc Perhaps thiS explaIns your trouble and loss of marks.-l .C. F.

"BU)SORE" PUZZLES.

F.W. (Hull):- I thank you your kind answer given in 1\1 arch issue under above title. What I really wanted to know was the dIfference between a bedsore and a ga ngrenous vein, and if these are only found on a patients' back.

Bedsores are painful ulcers which may during long confin ement to bed, especially on bony prommences, as S1-c rum, scapul ,L' heels, points of elbows, et c Azds 110Illt-1VllrsIIlK, p. 63). vem 10 certam constitu tional and local diseases, With whi ch First-AId has no concern, may berome gangrenous. -N .C. F.

H ,EM ORRHAGE FROM MOUTH.

\V.M. (L eed s) :- In a recent competition I was asked to give the pOSSible sources of blood issuing from mouth. In additlun to those named m Textbook (p. 106 ) I gave the liver. I did this because in a previous competition I was asked the difference between bleeding from a n d (mm l iv er' and I was told by the doctor that With both dark red 'b lood would be vomited but blo.od ,fr?m stomach would be mixed with food. Was I right 10 glvlOg " injury to liver " as a cause?

No. You were at fault when you n am ed injury to liver as a SOlUce of blood issuing from mouth; and .you have clearly muddled the e xp lanation given you as to the difference between bleeding from stomach and liver..

With Injury to liver (for sIgns and symptoms re fer t o Textbook p. 104 ) blood usua.J!y within. the abdomen and not into stomac h, though WIth Dzsease of lzver there may be Some associat ed cong e stion of stomach wall, which may cause blood in greater or less quantl ty to pass IOto the cavity of stomach whence it may be vomited. In other words, though the diseased liver may be the actlOg caus e, yet the blood escapes" from the s t omach" itself.-N.C. F.

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'Vadil ' Antiseptic is based upon the natu ra1 essential oil of garlic, but it ne\ Ter taints the breath and body. On the contrary it sweetens the most offensive breath and perspiration, I t destroys <:tll disease -the germs of consumption, malaria, influenza , small pox, etc. - 111 the body, without causing the to internal oraans- just as carbolIc aCid destroys a ll form; of disease o-erms in drains and b dust-bins.

1\Iy antiseptic has bcen used by thousands of doctors for nearly seven years now. There is hardly a man of eminence in the profession who not traordinary resul ts obta111ed wah 'Yadd ln all infections and inflamed conditions of the body. In TIl E Y I,.DIL B OO K, 192 pages, cloth-bound, I publish over 100 pages of reports from doctors, matrons, sisters, nurses and the public. This evidence is sensational. There has never been anything like it. If you buy a 6 oz. (or larger size) of 'Yadil ' you will find a coupon for a free copy of this book, published at 2/ 6.

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FIRST

- AND THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

NOTICE TO

FIRST

Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work In all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes sugges tions for Prac tical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to tbe Editor, and should reach him before he 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not m ce ssarily 'or ou bl cation) by the name and address of the Corre spondent.

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7 eleg raphic Address : "Twentv-jour, London."

7 elephom No. 5477 Ban k

EDITORIAL.

Commissioner points out that there is ample evidence of new divisions being formed where they did not previously exist.

With the ending of the year 1922, the bed rock of the post war period of reaction in the Brigade has been reached, with this we see the total strength standing at 35,73 0 , composed of 24,610 men and 1 I, I20 women-a very good record when the pre-war str ength of 25,560 is taken into consideration.

It is to be noted with pride that from the records 160,000 cases have been treated by members of the Brigade during the year, this, by itself, is sufficient evidence of the magnificent purpose the Brigade serves, and in conse qu e nce increa'3ing demands are being made by local and other authorities for its voluntary services.

It is pleasing to note that owing to the attractive conditions offered by the Admiralty, the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve is recruited to full strength and over 800 reservists attended a week's course of training on a warship or at a naval hospital.

It is to be regretted that during the year several of the pioneer Commissioners of the Brigade have rptired including Mr. J. S. Griffiths and C. Cotton, Col. E. Cureton, and Asst. Com. F. Sprawson. These gentlemen have done yeoman service for many years in the Brigade and their services will be greatly missed.

On the whole, the Brigade is to be congratulated on its year's work, and the new schemes which have been instituted including the Cadets are making good progress, and we are pleased to note that the qu e stion of the collection of funds is now placed on a satisfactory basis.

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THE Chi e f Commissioner's report for The S.J.A.B. the year endiDg 31St December, 19 22 , R.eport. unfortunat e ly , shows a sli ght decrease of 952 on the strength of the Brigade. This IS principally accounted for by the disbandment of 99 divisions (50 ambulance and 49 nursing). Ninety per cent. of th€s e Divisions were forrn c j for service during the late war and their activities ceased soon after its termination. They were retained on the roll during the past three years in the hope that when the war weariness had subsided it would have been possible to revive them, but as this is not the case they have now been struck off. The decrease is also accounted for by the fact that under Brigade Regulations members cannot be removed until the expiry of three years inefficient service, except by resignation, and further, owing to the state of unemployment during the past year, many members of the Brigade have been compell e d to remc.ve to other districts; in consequence they are temporarily lost to the Brigade. But the Chief

The report of the Lady Supt. in Cbief (Lady Perrott) is full of interesting details and shows that the members of the Nursing Corps and Divisions are keen over their work and recruiting is taking place as before the war. Many members are working industriously in Civil Hospitals, Welfare Centres, and dispensaries, and their regular attendance is of the greatest value. In carefully analysing the report, we have come to the conclusion that with careful administration the Brigade is going to make rapid strides during the year, and we congratulate the Chief Commissioner and his staff on the reforms which they have made with this end in view.

arand of the Order of the ,}(ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in f;ngland. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

St. John .Ambulance

Prince of Wales's District DISTRICT ORDERS.

COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL JULY, I9 2 3.

Sunday, Ist.-No. -to Division, Beckton. " 8th.-No.41 " Royal Arsenal. Barnet. 22nd.-No. 44 " Acton. 29 th .- No .45 " North Camberwell.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

THE ANNUAL DISTRICT CHURCH PARADE.

SUNDAY, JUN E 24th, I923. ST. JOH T'S DAY.

The District will attend Divine Service at the Church of St. Clement Danes, Strand. N.C.O.'s and men will parade at 10 a.m Lincoln's Inn fields, Kingsway.

Church Parade Order.-Full uniform with medals, white CTloves but without haversacs or water-bottles. Sticks will not be vVhite cap·covers are not to be worn.

Bands.-The bugle band, the pipers (WaltbamstowJ, and a military band will attend.

Officers are urged to get as many members as possible to attend.

Nursing Divisions.-Officer 'lod Ambulance Sisters wi l go direct to the Church, and are requested to be in their seats not later than 10 45 a.m.

Medical Officers, jf not marching, will go direct to the church and be in their seats by 10.30 am.

After the Service the Parade wiil march to Finsbury Circus for the Dismiss.

COMPETITIONS -PERROTT SHIELD.

The Commi"sioner has much pleasure in announcing that at the Final competitions held at the Wharncliffe Rooms on May 25th, the Craig's Court Nursing Division, which represented the Prince of District, succeeded in winning the Perrott Shield The sh ield was presented to the successfnl team by H.R. H. Princess Mary.

The names of the winning team are as follows :-

Lady Officers Miss A. Handley Smith. Miss V. B. Hathaway, Miss M. R. Rodick and Miss M. H. Stephen.

THE OFFICERS' FUND.

CaptClin L. R. H. Claydon, late of the Northern Heights Division, having been appointed District Officer and acting as Treasurer, contributions should be forwarded to him at St. John's Gate as soon as possible.

THE OFFICERS' DINNER.

Captain Lines, of the Brigade Reserve, has kindly consented to organise the Officers Dinner, and a communication from him will be circulated in due course.

CORRESPONDENCE.

I t should be noted that all correspondence of a personal or confidential nature intended for the Commissioner should be addressed to him at 6r, Chancery·lane, W.C.]..

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commt'ssione".

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending news paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publi. cation of the newspapers.-EDlTOR.

No. 4I (ROYAL AR Sl£ AL DIVI SION -At the Royal Arsenal Dep6tof the Division on June I7th, Supt. Wolley gave gave a lecture and demonstration on the " Katsee" method of resuscitation which was recently mentioned in this Journal.

PRESE TATION TO MRS. J. CALVIN LINES.-On May 9th a presentation was made to Lady District Officer, Mrs. J. Calvin Lines, by her friends and comrades of the Nursing Divisions of No. I Prince of Wales District on her retirement from the Brigade after 30 years devoted work. The gift consisted of a jewelled pendant in the form of the officers badgeand of a bouquet of roses -o ne for each year of service. The presentation was made at :'I1rs. Lines' house by Mrs. Brooks and Mrs. Holmes on behalf of the subscribers to the gift. Mrs. Lines expressed herself deeply touched by this token of friendship from her comrades and desired her heartfelt thanks to be conveyed to all.

No. 2 District.

OXFORD.-The annual competition for the Freeborn Challenge Bowl" took place at the Drill Hall, Oxford, on Tuesday, June 5th, before a large and distinguished audience, which included Lady Furley, preSident of the Oxford Corps, Miss Jackson, lady superintendent of the nursing diVISion, Dr. J. C. Freeborn, lVI.R.C-S., L R c.1:-'., assistant commiSSIOn er of NO.2 District. Dr. Dickson, corps surgeon and supt. F. Dearie, Esq and C. J. Rogers, Esq. lJrs. Gardiner and Liltle were the examlOers (or the stretcher and viva voce and at the conclusion of the competition both expre:,sed their high appreciation of the good and effic ent work 5ho\\n that night, so much so that the wmners obtamed 184 pOints out of the maximum of :200 pomts. The result of the competition was as follows: -Ox fold City DIVision, 184 pomts \\ ' est Oxford, 169 points i Uarendon 1:-'ress, 167. Lady Furley In a few well cbosen remarks congratulated the wmners on their fine achievement, and lhen presented the bowl and prizes to the City DiVision team which was as follows :-StafT·Sergt.

J. C. Chesterman (Capt), Pte. Allen, senr., Pte. Allen, junr., Pte. Slaughter, Pte. Durham.

PORTSMOUTH.- The annual re·examinatlon of this division was held at headquarters, on Tuesday, June 5th, at 7 p.m. Twenty-five members presented themselves, and five members were excused through illness. The exam mer was Dr. T. L. Price, of Southsea.

The annual Church Parade of the whole d ivisio n was held at Sr. Peter's Ch urch, Southsea, on Tuesday, May 29th at 8 p.m. There a good muster in spite ot the wet night. The nurslOg diVISion was 23 strong With all their officers, under lady supt. Mrs, FuJljames, and the men numbered 19 under ambulance-officer Lauch. Gen. Huskisson C.M.G., chairman of the Gosport centre of the Aasociation was present, and Miss Paine represented the V.A. D of Alverstoke. The service conSisted of Choral Evensong, With special prayers for those who bear the White Eight Pointed Cross, and an IOspinng address by the of St. Sou thsea, the Rev. H. A. Knight, M.A , who IS hon. chaplalO to the division.

No. Q District.

PLY:\IOUTH. - The arrival o. SS. " Ausonia" at Plymouth from America last month, meant a call to the Plymouth Ambulance Service to undertake an invaltd removal of exceptional delicacy. When in the Atlantic a captain of a merchant vessel had been transferred to the lmer and underwent a critical abdominal operation. When the .• Ausollla" anchored off Plymouth a few hours after the operation, a stretcher party

-FIRST

proceeded on a smaller steamer to her, and successfully removed the gravely ill patient to the shore, thence to a local nursing home by motor ambulance.

OFFICIAL OPENING OF THE Al\lIJUI ,ANCE WORKERS' IN ST ITUTE

.- Attended by a large body of ambulance workers and friends. the above Institute was formally opened on May 9th. H. Lawrence Spear, Esq., member of the Centre Committee, performed the opening ceremony, and acted as Chairman (or the ever.ing. He also contributed in no small measure to the enjoyable entertainment which followed, by his humorous recitations.

The premises, situated in JIoegate Street, Plymouth, consists of two large rooms, one on the ground-floor and one above, together With a kitchen, were formerly in the hands of th e Bfltish Red Cross Society, and on their vacating the bu ding-, Mrs. Pethybridge (Lady District Officer ) personally acqUir ed it and generously placed it at:the disposal of the officers and workers of the Association and Brigade in the Westcou ntry seaport. They will now have the opportunity of coming for combined lectures. practice and social evenings whenever they wish, as, up to the present, they have not been able to do so owing to their not having a hall at their entire disposal.

The evenlDg was also marked by a presentation to Mrs. Pethybridg e of a g-old wristlet watch, subscribed for by all the memhers of the Nursing- Divisions in Plymouth, as a little token of appreciation of her services among them. She was also presented with a beautiful bouquet and a box of chocolates. i.1rs Pethybrldge, in acknowledging the presentations, expressed the complete surprise and pleasure they had given her, and thanked them all very much for their gifts.

Corps-Supt. T. Hit chcoc k moved a hearty vote of thanks to the Chairman, Mrs. Pethbridge, the ladies who had provided the very excellent refreshments, and all who had assisted in making the evenmg so enjoyable, which was seconded by District Officer T. Perkins. The proceedings terminate:! with a musical prograrrme.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

On Thursday, June 14th, Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher delivered his now famous lecture-" Common Errors in First Aid," (I llustrated by Lantern Slides), in the Recreation Hall, Bishop Street Ikind ly lent for the occasion by the Director of Messrs. W. & R. Jacob). There was a very representative attendance of all Ambulance and Nursing Divisions. The chair was taken by the Commissioner, Sir John Lumsden, and among-st the Officers present were Assist.-Com. W C. Smith, Lady District Supt. Dr. Ella Webb, District Offiers MISS Blandford, Miss Overend, and Mr. Connor, Corps Supts ., Mr. Webb, IVJ r. MacWilliarn, and Mr. R. H. Keatinge, and Lady Corps Supts. Mrs. Shanks and Mrs. Keatinge Supts. Smurthwaite, Horne, and MacN:=tmara, and Lady Supts. Miss E. Moore, Miss R. Mahaffy, and Mrs. Roger.

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE IN IRELAND.-A very pretty weddmg was quietly solemnized in St. Catherine's Roman Catholic Church, Meath Street, with Nuptial Mass by the Rev. George Turley, Aughrim Street, on June 6th, of Patrick J. Tyrrell, the popular Supt. of St. James' Gate Ambulance Division, youngest son of Patrick Tyrrell, of Dublin, and May Kinsella, only daughter of James Kinsella, also of Dublin. After the ceremony reception was held at the residence of the bride in Thirlestone Terrace, and subsequently the happy pair le!t amid showers of confetti for London where the honeymoon WII be spent. Supt. Tyrrell and his bride have the best wishes of the Officers and members of the Brigade for their future happiness.

IMPRESSIONS OF THE (. PERROTT SHIELD" COMPETITION, I923.-1 is hard to write of the many events in connection with the greatest day in the ambulance year -the competition for the" Dewar" and" Perrott" Shields-as there is so much to say. The only thing is to try to give a short

AID -

account of the chief points as they appeared to some of those present.

First of all, the splendid organisation of the whole competition, for which enough praise cannot be given. The Great Central Hotel was admirably suited for the purpose and several minor alterations in details since last year-all in the nature of improvements - made the arduous work of the day pass off without a hitch.

Then as regards the work of the "Perrott Shield" Com· petition itself. One of the most noticeable points was the evident anxiety on the p<irt of most of the competitors to use the test as a means lJf gaining knowledge and efficiency and as a stimulant to further improvement. Su:h a spIrit cannot fail to have a good effect on the work of the Brigade in public and private life.

The tests called for a high standarci of knowledge and we offer our sincere congratulations to the London team which secured the Shield by a fine percentage of marks. We are keenly looking forward to next year and to meeting all Our fellow competitors, whose friendly, sporting spirit, was of such value in esprit de corps to all concerned.

The last point we must mention is how much all the mem bers of our district (who had the good fortune to be present) appreciated the kind way in which we were treated. The warm welcome on arrival, the generous hospitality extended to our members, and especially the goodness of Lady Perrott, whose party put everyone at their ease, and created an atmosphere of fellowship which is a thing to be remembered and anticipated.

Alcoholic Poisoning.

OH! Nursie, Nursie, please come here, I really do feel very queer, I've been drinking from a bottle, And now I feel inclined to topple, Whatever it was I cannot tell, But it doesn't agree, I know full well.

Nursie comes with spoon and glass, Examines her patient. and finds alas, That the symptoms are of a grievous kind, And looks around for the cause, to find That he'd been drinking more than he ought, Of Whisky and Gin, likewise Old Port:

For close beside him upon a table, Were bottles three, each with its label; Mustard and water she soon provides, As under the table he now subsides; Tactful persuasion then she used, Lest mustard and water should get abused.

In a sleepy way he takes a drink " More Whisky or Gin, maybe he'll think," After its action then comes the relief, The rest of my story must now be brief, With hot bottles and blankets Nurse does her best, Then leaves him to nature to do the rest.

A. WILKIN, (Headquarters), Birmingham.

AT the 4th Annual Conference of the Association of Certified Midwives held at Glasgow last month. Dr. Chalmers said baby visiting was work of national value, and he suggested that V.A.D. services, now that their war work was over, might very fitly be directed into this channel.

PRIORY FOR WALES.

Brigade News.

APPOI Tr-.lENTS, MAY, 19 2 3.

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Ambulance Committee;-

Aberdare Centre, Cynon Valley Corp3.-Divisional geon James Carter Ogilvie, M.p:, to be Corps Surgeon; DIvIsional Secretary and Sergt. \VlllIam John Mor.gan to be Corps Secretary; Divisional Secretary. G o mer Davies to be Corps Treasurer; Divisional Supt. David Evans to be Corps Inspector of Stores.

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Commissioner for \Vales ;-

Breconshire Centre, Brynmawr Division.-Corpl. Joseph

T. Kinsey to be Divisional Storekeeper.

Carmarthenshire Centre, Penygroes Division.-Corpl.

William George Thomas to be Ambulance Officer; Pte. David

J ones Thomas to be Sergeant; Pt.e. Alewyn Jenkins to be Corporal; Pte. Ivor Thomas LewIs to be Corporal; Pte.

Morgan Thomas to be Divisional Secretary.

Monmouthshire Centre, Six Bells Division.-Pte. William

H. Cook to be Corporal.

Borough of Merthyr Tydfil Centre, Penydarren Division.

Pte. David Henry Davies to be Ambulance Officer; Pte.

George Henry Cadle to be Sergeant; Pte. David John \Villiams to be Corporal: Pte. Howell WIlliams to be Corporal.

Borough of Newport Centre, Newport Town Division. -

Corpl. Harry Howells to be Ambulance Officer.

Borough of Swansea Centre, Midland Railway Division.-

Pte. Arthur Edward Comes to be Sergeant and Divisional Secretary; Pte. William \VIIliams to be Corporal; Pte.

William Ernest Tucker to be Corpora\.

Borough of Swansea Centre, and L1ansamlet

Nursing Vivision.-Ambulance Sister Margaret Elizabeth

Hale to be Lady Ambulance Officer.

Borough of Swansea Centre, Swansea Division.-Corpl. Edward John Miles to be Sergeant; Pte. Charlp.s be Corporal; Ple. William Jones to be Corporal; Pte. William ] ames Beynon to be Corporal; Pte. Richard W. Nicholls to be Corporal.

NEW CORPS AND DIVISIONS.

Carmarthenshire Centre .- Amman Valley Corps, comprising the Penybank, SaroD, Tybie Ambulance DiviSIOns and the Parcyrhun N urslDg DI VISi on. Tybie Ambulance Division.

Aberdare Centre.-Hirwain Ambulance Division.

Borough of Rhondda Centre.-:v1ardy Cadet Division.

Borough of Newport Centre.-N ewport Town Cadet Division.

Competitions.

THE AbHdare Divisional team, in command of CorpI. R. Jones, won the privilege of c o mp : ting in London on 25 th May for the" Dev;ar " challenge shu:: Id and" Symon Eccles" challenge cup. This division, which was formed in 1908, had not before bEen similarly honoured, and

although it did not secure the trophies valuable experifnce was gamed.

The Mardy N ur!!ing Division, in charge of L1.dy Div. Supt. E. R. C. Morris, represented the Priory in competition held in London the same day. for the " Perrott" challenge shield. ThIS was the first time they had comp:ted in LC'ndon, and they came fourth in order of merit.

On May 12th the U George Oliver" cup, for competition among tEams (rom the Naval Penygraig and District, G ilfach Goch, Cambrian C'JlIiuy, and Uwynypia Di visions, was won by the Naval Colliery and Pcnygraig DIstrict Division. Sergt. A. Whale was captain of the team.

General Interest.

l\1EDICAL DEPOTS.

THE enthusia<;m with which th e scheme for the setting up of Medical C'Jmforts D r p')ts is being adc P' ed is more than gratif} ing. ]n all parts 01 Wales depots are now established and working, and the m .=as ure of success already attained gives the Priory every h0pe for the fulfilmpnt of ItS aim to make this branch of its work popular throughout the principality. Mrs. Mickintosh of Mackintosh is using her iofluer:c:! and advice toward, this end, and recently h el d a meetirg in Cardiff fer the purpose of interesting: new wor kl r.... Arrangements are at present being made with the Medical Officer cf Health, Dr. J. S. Peebles, for a depot in Bridgend, Mr. Morgan J P., has given a room which he bas als:l kindly promised to fit up for a depot in the Whitchurch district.

ST. JOHN HOSPITAL, TENny.

The T e nby Hospital will probably shortly be closed. Exc el lent work has been done in this institution since it was opened, at the n quest of the Ministry of Pensions, in January, 1919, for the treatment of medical cases. The local townsp:ople have at all times taktn a very kindly interest in the hospital, wr,ich was beautifully situated on the sea front; and in the appreciation of the pati e nts the Priory has received the only recomp(nse it desires for the special dfvrls made for th e ir comfort and welfare'. During its establishment 1,774 patients were admitted. The ho p'tal had accommooation for sixty beds, which, of lat", have not been fully occupied, and it is a j')Y to know there is now a decrease in the number of patiE'nts requiring treatment sufficient to justify the closure of the hospital and thus banish (rom thought another echo of tue horrors of war.

AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

The number of class eX'l.mi[]alions in First Aid, Home Nursing, 2 nd Home conducted by the Priory continues to increase, and during the month c,f May arrangemt n ts were made for examinations in connection with the following classes ;-Landore, G.W.R, AbHtYEswg, Monmouth, Nant) ffyllon, Aberystwyth, G. W.R, Crumlin, Kilgetty, G W. R Maritime and Pcnrhiw Colliery, Cardiff Docks, G. W.R., Cardiff Docks (West Yard, G. W.R ), G nth Maesteg, Abercarn, G. W. R, Tonyrefail, G. W.R

June, 19 2 3. -FIRST

Gowerton, G. W.R, Goodwick, G. W. R., Towyn, Dinas, Ab e rtillery, NewtowD, Fernhill, Brynmawr, Llanhilleth Colliery, Llansamlet, G. W.R, Morfa Copper Works, Rhos, Swansea, G.W.R, Six Bells, Pontpool Road, G. W.R., Port Talbot Steel Works, Barry Dock, Cockett, G.W.R., Abergavenny, G.W.R, Welshpool, Ynisfaio Colliery, Burry Port, Wrexham Infirmary, Llmtrisant, G.W.R, Baldwin's Ltd., L'lOdore Warks, A berdulais, Severn Tu 1nel J unct ioo, Tumble (J unior), Ab ewport (Junior).

BATH AND WESTERN COU . TIES SHOW.

Members of the Ambulance anj Nursing Divisions in the Borough of Swansea Centre, which is under the Commissionership of Dr. Urban Marks, were on duty at the Bath & Western Counti:s Show held in Swansea during Whit wck. There was a record attendance and r enty of work for the FirSt Aide-s. In all one hundred and forty-one cases were treated, and a:; the Pliory had stationed an amb ulance car on the Show Ground there was no delay in procuring medical attention for the serious cases. The Mayor of Swansea paid a tlibute to the value of the work in a letter he Se nt to the Ce"1tr " Secretary, Mr. Hugh S. Cann ; and the S:!cretary of th e Show, v1r. F. H Storr, O.B.E., wrote to the Princ 'pt l at the' request of the! Jciety's Stewards convp.ying their gratitude for the servIces of members, who were also reward.:!d by a salute and smile from HIS Royal High[]ess the Prince cf Wales, Prior of the Welsh Priory, who was present to open the Show.

CORPUS CHRI ST! PROCESSION.

The annual c of the Corpus Christi Fe tival was held in Cardiff on Sunday, June 3rd. Canon D. J. Hannon, of 't. Davia's Cathedral, Cardiff, on behalf of Hi) GracL, the "\rchbishop of Cardiff and the Corpus Ch risti Festival ''Jmmittee, sent ad )nation of three guinel1s to the Priory in appreciation of the services rendered by members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, who were stationed, under the command of Lady S'aff Officer M. l\l:!tcalf, RR.C, and \.ctmg Staff Officer J. 1. all along the thoroughfares t'll rou/e to the Castle grounds, the scene of the picturesque ceremonial. Jt is estimated that 50.000 people thronged the streets and Cas:le grounds, an d no less than 180 cases of fainting and fatigue were dealt with, to the great satisfaction of the Police Authorities, who expressed their pleasure at the efficiency of both the am bulance arrangements and services.

NEWPORT WAR MEMORIAL, The for the Borough of Newport Ct'ntre, Mr. G Campbell Oliver, reports that in connection with the unveiling of the Newport War Memorial on Saturday, June 2nd, he has received grateful letters of thanks from the Town Clerk and the Chief Constable for the fxcellent services carried out by the Brigade Units under his charge.

Centre Reports.

CITY OF CARDIFF CENTRE.

THERE was a happy gathering of members of the Great Western Railway (Cardiff) Passenger Ambulance Class at a Smoking Conce:t held at the Grand Hotel, Cardiff, on May J6th, when prizes and ambulance efficiency awards were presented by the Lord Mayor of Cardiff (Alderman Dr. J. E. Briggs), who was supported by Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K.B.E., Mr. Wyndham 1. Radcliffe, Mr. F. G.

AID - 233

Wainwright (Divisional Supt.), Mr. F. W Wheatley (Stationmaster), Mr. J. Potter (Pdddington), Mr. A. E. Hicks (Traffic Supt.), Cudiff Docks, Mr. F. H. Hughes, Mr. A. Valtom (Pdddington), Inspector Hill (N ewpDrt), and Mr. F. W. Moss, who was responsible for the musical programme.

Mr. Felix J. C. Pole, addressing a large gathering of railwaympn of the Cardiff Valleys Division at the City Hall, Cardiff, on May 30th, in connection with the presentation of medals, medalll Gn 3 and certifiClt€ s to successful students of ambulance classes, paid a warm tribute to what had been done for the promotion of ambulance work in the district, and expressed his appreciation of the i'lssistance and encouragement given by the Welsh Priory. He remarked on the steady incr e ase of ambulance work and recorded that in 19[3 there were 2,0[3 successes CJmpared with 4896 for list year. Mr. G. H. Dannatt (Dlv:sioml Supt.), p'esided, sup?orted by the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor of Cardiff (Alderman Dr. J. E. Biggc;), many prominent railway officials, and the Principal of the Priory. The Divisional Se.cretary, Mr. G H, Davey, was heartily congratulated on the d t.. velopment of the work, and a most successful and enj :lyablf' evening concluded witb a vote of thanks proposed by Sir Herbert D. W. to the Chairman, whom he on the excellent rally.

BOROU GH OF NEWPORT CENTRE.

The of tbe Newport Borough Centre met on May 31St to considtr the adminstration of the work in the Borough. The necessary arrangements to be made for the holding of a "Priory Day" was one of the items discussed, and the N e wport Corps are organising a flag day for the purpose of obtaining sufficient funds to equip the nc:wly-formed cad e t divisions. Uniform is a great attraction to cadets, and it is hoped the response to the appeal will enable them to very soon carry out their obj

The ewport (Dock Street) G. W. R Ambulance Class held its annu 11 dmner and presentation at the Temple Street Hall on J Jne 4th. Mr. R H. Nicholls (supt. of the line) was in the chair, and made the presentation of awards and H,: was suppJrted by Mr. F. C. Wainwright (div. supt.), Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis (principal secretary of the Priory for Wales), the Rev. Henry Morgan, Mr. Frank Brown, Mr. G. Campbell Oliver (Commissioner for Newport), Mr. GEOrge J. Rowlands (corps supt.), Mr. W. G. Chapm£ln (G W.R. centre secretary), and Dr. S. MacCormac (class lecturer). The Chairman asked Sir Herbert Lewis If he would present to Mr. W. G. Chapman the vellum vote of thanks awarded to him by the Priory in March last in appreciation of the services rendered by him in arranging so smoothly the transfer of the ambulance work of the G W.R in Wales to the Priory. Sir Herbert Lewis readily agreed, add congratulated Mr. Chapnuo on the exception 11 advance made by the G.W.R. C')mpany in ambulanr.e work, which he felt was mainly due to his suppJrt and the splendid band of divisional secretaries under his leadership. He thanked him for the sympathetic way in which he had dealt with the transfer of the work in Wales to the Priory, and hoped he would long continue to interest himself in helping the G. W. R. men tt) carryon their great work of service. Mr. Chapman, who was received with musical honours, said he wa') touched by the kindly references made, and was very satisfied with the changE', which he felt had been of benefit to the men as the Priory had taken infinite pains to give attention to any point, however snull, and had despatched the awards in record time. Dr. MacCormac was given a coffee service by Mr. C. Greening, on behalf of the class j

-FIRST and the local class secre,ary, .l\Ir. E. J. Slucombc, was prestnted with a set of carvers by Mr. G. Parsons, the treasurer.

Sir Henry Mather Jackson, Bart, M.B.E., recently presented a handsome challenge shIeld for annual competiticJD by teams from the G.W.R. Company staff employed at the South Wales Docks. Once again distinction was gained by the Altxandra Docks team, whose names will be the first to be inscribed on the shield. The formal presentation was made in Newport on June sth by Sir Henry Mather Jackson, and among those present were Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis of the Welsh Priory, Dr. S. Hamilton, M.D., Mr. Frank Brown, Mr. W. G. Phillips, Mr. B. Carpenter, and Mr. J. H. Swallow. It was a great disappointment to all present to hear that Mr. Vickery was indisposed. Mr. G. H. lles, the secretary of the Docks Division, carried out the arrangements which were very successful. Mr. Frank Brown, Chairman of the Docks Centre Committee, thanked Sir Henry for the shield and his untiring efforts on behalf of the members of the Alexandra Dock class.

BOROUGH OF RHONDDA CENTRE.

The Tonypandy Police Am bulance Class held a very interesting dinner and presentation at the Pandy Hotel, Tonypanoy, on Tuesday, May sth. Captain Lionel Lindsay, M V.O., O. B.E , ChIef Constable of Glam o rgan, presented the awards, and it was gratllying to note that vf the 5fty candidates who sat for the examination forty passtd for certIficates, fl)ur {or vouchers, one fur a medallioD, and two for labels. The eXimination wa-o conduct ed by Dr. D. de Vere Hunt, of CardIff. Sir Herbert D. W. L,;wis, K. B. E., Princi pal Secretary of the PriO! y for Wale s J how grateful he was to the Glamorg an Pulice for the example they set in SUpp OTt of the work and how much the general public owed them for thiS. He hop=d it might be possible to have a comp eti tion arrange a for the police teams in Wales.

MOT OR AMBULANCE TRANSPORT SERVICE.

Nothing succeeds ilke success, and the Am bulance Transport Service, which has been steadily developed and improved from early pioneer days and is now covering the greater part of th e South Wales Coalfield, is receiving a good measure of public support. The Joint Committee for Monmouthshire and South Wales of the Miners' Welfare Fund have again recommended a gran t to the Service, and with a continuance of assistance such as this there is e very reason to belitve that the Priory's ideal fleet of the latest (quipped ambulance cars, numerous enough to serve the needs of th e out! ying agricultural areas as well as the thickly-pupulated industrial districts, will fructify. New contracts are continually being made for the use of these cars. During the Month of May the Blaenhirwain Colliery Lodge, Cross Hands, Carmarthen'ihir e, b ecame subscI ibers, and a contract was also made for the use of th e car with the Machen Colli e ry Company, Machen, Mon.

A I D.- June, 19 2 3.

ing frow his da}',:; wOlk appeared un the SCtnt, atld asked for permission to perform artificial rl spi ration. He worked strenuously, using Schafer's m etho d tur over half an hour, and to his great satisfaction a.nd the wonderment of the onlookers the man showed signs of life. This incident pro\'es the wisdom of the official Textbook injunction: "Death is not to b e assumed became signs of life are absent." The Ambulanc e Committee of the Order of St. John have addressed a letter of congratulation to Mr. Evan Griffiths.

Mr. A. G. E. J. Fudge, of Newport, has been nominat ed to r e present tr.e Priory for Wales on the Ambulance Committ ee of the Order of St. John in London.

Through the efficacy of the Priory, fishing vessels are now to equipped with fully-qualified First·Aid men and the necessary appliances. The District Inspector of Fisheries for the South Wales area has been in negotiation with the Priory, which IS now arranging for classes in Swansea and Milford Haven for the instruction of the men connect e d with thf' Fishing industry.

Dr R. B.iird .\'l II ne, Commissioner for the Abudare C e ntre, has made a gift to the Priory of two txplanatory tables (or the use of first aId stud - Ilts; one gIving tbe different r es ul[s produce) by valious pOlsvn, and the other setting out th e means of diagnosing the stveral classes of unconsci OU5ntSS. These are to be prtnted in pamphlt t form, and will sh0rlly be a\a lable for class secrLlarJt:S and otht:rs, and may be purchased from Ih e Stores Dc:partment cf the Priory.

A Sub Committee was rectntly appointed by the Pri ory to draw up rule, fur the gUIdance of judges and competition secrtlarIlS. A great num ber 01 cups and trophies are vested in the Priory, and It will give satisfactIon to everyone concerned to know that all comp-:titions conducted by Ihe Pno'Y are carried out on uniform lintS.

It is that the St. Davia',:; Charles. street, Cardiff, has recently been closed down.

In memory of his two suns, killed in the Great War, E. J. Tr e vor Corr lpla ced £1,000 at the disposal of the Trustees of the PrIory to be utilised for the purpose of assisting women to e nter the nursing profession. Arrangements are b e ing made for a scholarship for the purpose, and Commiss ion e rs of Centres will be invited to send 10 the names of nursing members eligible to compete.

With sincere reg ret we recOld the death of Dr. Hyman Jacob Levy, M.D., B.S .( Long.), M.R.C.S.(Eng.), L.R.C.P. (Lond.), ?ccurred on May 28th last. Dr. Levy was appolOted DIVISional Sur ge on to the Dowlais Police Division in November, 1922, and his loss is deeply felt.

June. [Q:l3 -FIRST its members, who were Misses E. R. C. Morris, G. Morgan, M. Lewis and M. Jon e s.

Our congratulations go forth to the Right Hon. Lord Kylsant as Sub-Prior of the Priory on his recent honour. He has a great responsibility in guiding the destinies of an organisation so closely connected with the national life of the Principality of

The "Gale" Shield Competition.

Tm, first annual competition for the above shield, open to all nur sing divisions in and around Plymouth, tGok place at the Ambulance Workers' Institut Plymouth, on Ma y 16th.

It was a combined competition of FIrSt Aid and Home

selves pleased at the standard of effitiency displayed by the competing teams.

Mr. Henry Gale, in presenting the shi e ld to the captain of the winning team, said he had been closely connecled with the Co-operative D ivision J907, and the work had gone on until now there were divisions all over the town. He felt he would like to perpetuate the memory of his deceased wife, who was the:: first Lg,dy Supt. of the PlYffiouth Co-operative Division, by giving a Shield, to be competed for annually by all the divisions in Plymouth and district, and he trusted the gool work would go on until Plymouth was second to none in the whole

On behalf of Mrs. Pethybridge (Lady District Officer), who was unable to be present, Mrs. Vellacott (Lady Corp3 Supt,) presented four medallions, the gift of Mrs. Pethybridge, to each mem ber of the winning team.

Mr. H V. Miller, Assistant Commissioner for Devon

PREPARATIONS were being made for the removal cjf the body of a Norwegian sailor, which had been recovered from the Barry Dock to the mortuary, when Evan Griffiths, a member of the Barry Ambulance Division, who was return-

Lady Perrott, the donor of the "Perrott" challenge shield, this year provided hospitality in her own house and those of her friends to the members of the Mardy Nursing team on the occasion of their visit to London to compete for the JI challenge. shield on May 25th. The Mardy DlVlslOn much appreciated the kindness shown to

Nursing. Dr. Guy Ludolf, M.C., was judge in the First Aid test and individual questions, and Miss Waterhouse, matron of the Plymouth Infirmary, acted as examiner in the Home Nursing.

The test" casualty" was one in which a man who had swallowed a strong liquified carbolic acid, in his frenzy, ran out into the street and was knocked down and run over by a passing motor lorry, which passed over his right thigh. There were four teams competing, and the following were the order of the awards :-

Plymouth Co-operative, B, 141 marks; Sherwell, 132; Plymouth Co-operative, B, 116; and Ford Section (Devonport Division), 106. The possible number of marks was 163.

In announcing the result, both judges expressed them-

County, presided, and extended a hearty vote of to the judges for their kindness; to Mr. for thelpractlcal way in which he had remembered hiS dear one; Lg,dy Corps Officer Mrs. Abbot, in whose hands the arrangements for the competition had been, and all who had helped to make the evening a success. Mrs. Vellacott seconded. At the close of the competition, excellent refreshments, provided by the Lady Corps Officers and Nurses, were served to those present.

Found, on the night of the 24th at Lady Perrott's house, the ribbons of the General Service and Victory Medals, with a Palm Leaf on the G.S. ribbon. Apply to Brigade Office, St. John's Gate.

The Main Arteries and Pressure Points

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., B.A., B.C., Cantab" M.R.C.S., Eng.

(Concluded from page I86.)

THE Ulnar Artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the Brachial, starts oppo site the head of radius in midline of forearm. It then follows a curved course and reaches the inner side of forearm midway down its length. Thence it passes directly down the limb in a line which from the inner condyle of humerus to the outer side of the prominent internal bone of wrist (pisiform). The name" Uln a " is derived from a Greek word signifying " Elbow " -in which we note the prefi x" el" derived from "ul-na."

By the way, the movable radius "radiates" or mov e s in half-circle round the fixed ulna; and the term" radius," which signifies "a spoke," has reference to the function of the radius, which, like the spoke in a wheel, allows the pe culiar forearm movements of pronati o n ( palm downwards) and supination (palm upwards).

In its upp e r curved part the Ulnar Art ery lies deeply between muscles, in its low er third its pulsations can easily be felt between the tendons of th e wrist. It is accompanied by two veins, and on its inner side lies the Ulnar nerve.

Both Ulnar and Radial Arteries are compr e ssed (Pre ssure Points No.'s IO and 9) one inch above the ends of the bones (on which they lie and from which they tak e th eir names ) and half-an -inch within the inner and out e r borders of forearm r espectively.

The Radial Attery (the smaller of the two end branches of Brachial), appears as the dir e ct continuation of the Brachial, and r uns downwards and outwards along the oute r side of forearm as far as the wrist. It then curls outwards over the outer and back part of the wrist, and enter s the palm, from b ehind, between the first and se cond metacarpal bonef.

It e nds by joining with the de e p t e rminal b ranch of Ulnar to form th e de e p Palmar Arch; and its line runs from one inch below centre of elbow to a point half-aninch internal to th e tip of the lown end of ra di us (styloid pro cess). At first beneath muscles, it quickly comes forward and for the res t of its course is comparatively superficial.

The Superficial Palmar Arch is mainly the continuation of the Ulnar and the Deep Palmar Arch that of the Radial Artery. From each arch digital branches are given off-which divi d e to supply the n e ighb ouri ng sides of two fingers. The Sup e rficial Arch may roughly be indicated by a line drawn at right angles to forearm through the outstretched thumb and the Deep Arch by a similar line drawn half-an-inch lower down the palm.

The communication between the arches and th eir numerous branches is so exceedingly free that wounds of Palmar Arches are practically always accompani ed by bris k and severe bleeding, in treatment of which patient and First-Aider must, as the Text-book lays down, combine t o secure efficient control. The pltient's share is to secure pad and to pull on point of bandage, whereby the fingers are tied down in the up·and-down direction, while the First-Aider twists th e ends of bandage firmly round the knuckles in the transv e rse direction.

ARTERIES OF LOWER LIM B.

The Femoral Artery is the continuation of the External Iliac and gives off numerous branches to tissues of thigh. Its cours e can be marked out by a line drawn downwards and inwards from the centre of fold of grointhat the mid-point between the innermost point on crest of haunch-bone and the union in mid-line of body of right and left haunch-bones (symphysis pubis)-to the upp ermost limit of the inner knob at lower end of femur, which in the Te x tbook is vaguely describ e d as "the inner side of the back part of kne e."

In its upper third the Femoral Artery-the name means" artery of thigh "-is quite superficial, in its middle third it pass e s d ee ply amongst the thigh muscles, from which in its low er third it at back of limb as the Popliteal Artery. The Femoral Artery at its origin rests on brim of pelvis and head of thigh -bone and can r ea dily be compress e d (Pressure Point N o J 1) dir ec tly downwards on the fixed brim of pelvis, and ?lot on the movable head of femur. Difficulty occurs in maintaining digital pressure for any length of time (ten minutes b eing often quoted as th e absolute maximum) ; and this difficulty is overcome by pressing thumb on thumb a nd by e mploying relays of assistants.

The point of union of upper and middle thirds (Pressure Point No. 12) is the site of election for application of tourniquet ; but pressure must be Exe rted on a large tennis-ball pad mainly in an outward direction, if we would compress vessel against shaft of femur becaus e at th is place the artery and thi gh-bone are somewhat s ep arated by reason of the obliquity of femur and the direct course of the ar tery.

Behind the kn ee there is a triangular splce bound t"cl on all sides by muscles and known as "the Ham, " which the Popliteal Artery runs and from which (" poples" is Latin for ,; Ham ") it takes its name TI,e Popliteal Artery, th e con tinu ation of the Femo ral, pass es from tbe jun ct ion of middl e and lower thirds of femur downwards and outwards until in its lower part it occupies the middle of the Ha.m -space. It two inches below the e nd of Tibia by divi sion into th':! Anterior and Posterior Tibial Arteries.

Compression of the Popliteal Artery is best made by flexion of limb on a larg e, tennis-ball pad placed behind kne e-joi nt (Pressure Point NO.1 3) and k ept i n position by bandaging leg to thigh.

The Anterior Tibial Artery, the smaller of the two end -branches of Popliteal, can be marked out by a lin :: drawn from th e front of the head of fibula to a point on dorsum of foot; midway betw ee n the prominences of ankle, that is, in middle of front of ankle, at which point (Pressur e Point No. 14) the artery can readily be compressed by thumb or by pad and bandage. The vessel first passes forwards betwt e n bones of leg and then runs down on front and outer a spect of leg to front of anklejoint where it is continued as the Dorsal Artery of Foot. It IS accompanied by two veins which int er-communicate freely.

The Posterior Tibial Artery is the larger of the two branches into which the Popliteal divides, and extmds from the base of the Ham-space downwards and inwards betwe e n muscles to a point midway betw ee n the lower e nd of tibia and the inner knob of heel·bone, where ( Pressure Point No. 15) it can easily be compress e d by thum b or by pad and bandage. In its origin it is deeply placed; but in its lower third the vessel approaches the surface and ends

June, 19 2 3 -FIRST by divisiou Internal a?d External Plantar It is accompaOled by two velDS.

The term "Tibia" signifies" a flute" and has reference to the of the shin-bone, whereas Fibula" is Latin name for "a clasp" or "a brooch" and refers to the function of the fibula which acts as a clasp to the tibia.

The Dorsal Artery of Foot, the continuation of the Anterior Tibial, lies between tendons on the front aspect of the ankle, cr03ses the bones of the foot, and down between the first and second metartarsal bones IDtO the sole of foot to join up with the External Plantar. The artery may be indicated by a line drawn from of front of ankl e·j oint to the space between the two mner to es.

The Planta, Arteries take origin from the Posterior Tibial at the ankle j )iO(. T he Internal Plantar is smaller than he and p as')e s forward along the inner side or sole of (oot usually tf) th e space between first and second metatarsal bones. The E\:tenzal Plantar is the larger of

AID.-

The Ed£tor £nv£tes Notes on actual Cases-with special reference to !rood and bad Doints in 7 reatment-/or inclusion in this Column.

C U RIOUS DEATH FROM ASPHYXIA. Recently a child, aged 2 years, was playing with an umbrella. She fell; and the handle of the umbrella became wedged in her throat. When found, the child was blue in the face had ceased breathing, and died from Asphyxia before medical aid could be obtained.-B.A., Cambridge.

CURIOUS DEATH FROM GA S- POISONING. Not long ago a man was found dead in his kjtchen A gas tap was turned full on, a kettle of water was upset, teapot with cup and saucer was on the table, and both wmdow and door were partly open. At the inquest, when a verdict of (I Accidental Death from Gas Poisoning " was rationed, tlle Soroner said that the evidence clearly excluded death due to suicide: that the man must probably fell asleep while preparing

the two, passes at first downwards and outwards across sole of foot to base of fifth metatarsal bone, where, bending forwards and inwards, it sinks deeply into the foot and ends in the space between first and second metatarsal bones by joining the branch from th t;; Dorsal _<\rtery of (o::>t. Its course across the foot presents a slight curve with convexity forwards which is known as the Plantar Arch, and which may be compared with the DeEp Palmar Arch of the hand. From it branch es are given off, which, as in the hand, divide to supply neighbouring sides of the phalanges and surrounding tissues.

At the Wharncliffe Reoms on the 25th, on the occasion of the Brigade competitions, a silver cased pencil was lent to a lady Officer on duty in the Nurses' Waiting Room. Kindly return to Mrs. Porter, M. B.E., 2 sa, Paradise-street, Birmingham.

a cup of tea; that a draught from window or upset kettle and put out the gas; and that the escapmg gas, actmg on the sleeping man, gave rise to fatal coma.- L. R. Charlton Park.

CURIOUS EXPERIENCE WITH CAT.

One morning a cat suddenly attacked its mistress while in her kitchen, and bit her severely in the calf of left leg. <?ontinuing its mad career round the. roo m, the cat finally dived into a gas oven, whence for some time It spat and scratched at all who approached.

A police officer was summoned and 10 hiS turn tned to coax the cat out of the oven; but, his efforts being of no avail, he shut the oven door, turned on the gas, and so gave the animal a merciful death. He then treated the mistress, dressed the wounds caused by the cat, and removed his patient in taxi-cab to hospital where her injuries were found so serious that she was admitted as in-patient. Eventually she made a good recovery.-M. B . Hampstead.

The PLUMBER & JOURNAL OF HEATING" (IS. monthly) is THE paper for all progressive tradesmen.-Publishing Office: 46, Cannop Street, E.C

St. Paul's Girl Guides-winners of the Championship Trophy for First Aid in the Province of Ontario, Canada.

OVER the ether waves and caught on the ";:erials "-of thousands of London and country on a recent Sunday came an appeal to women to train for the nursing profession. "We have 32 vacancies every seven weeks," said Lord Knutsford, in the course of a most touching appeal for the London Hospital. "The conditions of nursing have been vastly improved, but since the war there has been a sad falling off in candidates, and we have now not enough to nurse in the hospital. What a grand and happy life for a woman to help someone every hour of her existence." If enough nurses were forthcoming some of the closed wards would be reopened.

Lord Knutsford touched also on the "results beyond our wildest dreams" of the arc lamp treatment of children for lupus. Six patients are treated by the one lamp; it the money were forthcoming ten lamps could be installed. We are delighted to le nn that the result of his appeal has been splendid, donations having been sent from" listenersin" all over the country.

AN effort is being made under the auspices of the League of Red Cross Societies, to induce children to take an interest in their health It is largely felt that the older methods of precept and compUlsion are inadequate, and that appeal must be made to the child ' s own instincts. "The child, " Dr. Hold, President of t he Child Health Organisation of America, decided recently, be made to (eel that h e alth is a game, with rules like other games."

In order to induc e this method of thinking , fairy tales, adapted to h e alth purpos es, have been written ; health clubs have been formed and distinctive badges and dresses designeJ. In addition, a Lealth alphab_t has been constructed.

The movcm c!n t is a valuable one, because, twenty years henc -, it will lead to an attack on dIs ea Se of a far more formidabl e kind than we have yet expe ri e n ced.

S J. A. A. has Ju,t compl e ted the first official /First-Aid Class ever conducted by the Association at any

Public Schoo!' It was at Merchant Taylors the examiner and lectur e r was Dr. Corbet Fletcher, the class 20, of whom 18 passed, including the Dr.'s son .

The question of the housing of the St. John am bulance car provoked a som e wh a t heated discussion at a rec e 1t meeting of th e Camborne Urban District Council. For some years the car bas been housed at the fire station, but it was proposed to move it as it proved a hindrance to the operations of the Brigade, and on this point a lively dtbate took place. The ambulance, although housed at the fire station and working in conjunction with the fire brigade, is not under the jurisdiction of the Council but the St. Johns ' Division.

The annual report of the Royal Life-Saving Society, 8, Bayley-street, London, W,C., just published, proves that the work of this Society in providing against drown ing accidents continues to far and wide. It has branch e s in all parts of the British Empire and 10 many foreign lands.

The grand total of Awards granted by the Society for ability to render First Aid in the water now amounts to 286,634, or 8,r6g in excess of the previous year, which also proved a record in its history for useful work,

TliE ST. JOliN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Supplement.

Appointments, Etc.

MAY, 192 3.

The Chi e f Commissioner bas sanctioned tbe following appoi ntments, promotions, transfers and resignations ;-

PRINCE OF WALES 'S DISTRI CT

No. 15 (I1ford) Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Eva Stenning to be Lady Divisional Supt., 4.5.23, vice

:'Ilrs. Waldron transferred to the Brigad e Reserve, 6.3.23

No. 24 (La mbeth ) Division.-Ambulance Officer J. Carley transferred from the Br igad e Reserve to the Active List, 14· ).21

- London Post Office Corps.-Divisional Supt. Alexander

Frank lin Hall to be Corps Officer, J 5·5.23

Divisional Supt. Aluert George Haywood to be Offic er, 17.5.23

South ;'\ [etropolitan Gas Company Corps ( o. 2 Division ).

Sergt. Henry George Ladbrook to be DivislOnal Supt., 26.5.23

South MetropolItan Gas Company Corps ( o. 3 DIvision ).

-John Edward Bar ker to be Ambulance Officer, 26.5.23

Walthams tow and District Corps.-Divisiunal Supt.

Samuel Crawford K night to be Corps Supt., 24.5.23

NO.2 DI STR lCT.

Chesham Nursing Division.-Ethel Scott to be Lady Divisional Supt., 7-5-23

High Wycombe Division. -P te. William Hartley to be Transport Officer, 1 ).4 .23

Oxford Corps ( Oxford Nursing Division).-Mary Josephin e Jackson to be Lady Divisional Supt., 2.423, vice Miss Ross resigned.

Weston-super-Mare Corps (Weston -suer-Mare Division).

-S ergt. Walter Tottle to be Ambulance Offi c er, 22.5.3

Weston-super-Mare Corps (Worle Division).-Sergt.

Edgar John Dowding to be Ambulance Officer, 22.5.23

No. 3 DISTRICT.

District Officer W. E. Adlard resigned, 1.6.23

Aldridge Division.-Noah Francish Hollyoak to be Ambulance Officer, 9.5.23

Birmingham Corps (Headquarters Division ).-Thomas

Henry Garfield to be Ambulance Officer, 9.5.23

Birmingham Corps (New-street ( L.M. & S.R.) Division).

-Corpl. John Mowe to be Ambulance Officer, 9.5/23

Pte. William Thomas Yeomans to be Ambulance Officer, 10 5.23

BIrmingham Corps (Small Heath Division).-Sergt.Alfred

Atkins to be Ambulance Officer, 9.5 23

Birmingham Corps (SmethwICk Division ).-Albert Bradshaw, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S., etc., to be Divisional Surgeon, 16.5. 23

BIrmingham Corps (Smith, Stone & Knight Division).Corpl. Bertram Perkins to be Ambulance Officer, 9.5.23 Kettering Corps (Kettering Headquarters Nursing Divislon).-Ambulance Sister Ida May Linnitt to be Lady Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes, 16.5.23

Leicester Coros.-Archibald Walter \Valker to be Corps Supt., 26.4.23

Warwickshire Corps.-Ambulance Officer Henry Matterson Bethell to be Corps Officer, 5 5.23

Warwickshire Corps (Nuneaton Division ).-Ambulance Officer George Hall to be Divisional Supt., 14.5.23

Wellingborough Corps (Vic toria Nursing Divis ion ).Lady Supt. Mrs. PIckering resigned, 22.5.23

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Birkdale Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Winifred Joyce Evans to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 14.5.23

Dalton-in-Furness Division).-Sergt. Thomas Metcalfe to be Divisio'1al Supt., 24-4-23

Hazel Grove Divislon.-Sergt. Thomas Morton Sayer to be Ambulance Officer, 17.5.23

Liverpool Corps (Liverpool South Division ).-Corpl. Arthur Hopewell to be Ambulance Officer, 17.5.23

Stockport Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Martha Thompson to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 4.5.23

Wigan Division. -Sergt. Thomas Barton to be Ambulance Officer, 1.5.23

Winsford Dlvlsion.-Pte. Thomas Dean to be Transport Officer, 11.5.23

NO.5 DISTRICT.

The Viscountess Mountgarrett to be Lady District Officer 4.5. 2 3

Brimington Division.-Pat Francis MacGinnis, L.M.S.S.A.

B.Sc., B A , A.R.C.S.I., to be Divisional Surgeon, 4.5.2.3

Dewsbury and District Corps ( B irstall Nursing DIvision )

'William Airlle Ogilvie, L.R C.P., L.RC.S ., etc., to be Divisional Surgeon, 15 ·5.23

Nottingham Corp, (Midland Division ).- Angus Wylie, M A., M.B., B.C., etc ., to be Divisional Surgeon, I7.5.23

Sheffield Corps ( London, Midland and Scottish Railway Division ).-William Craig, L.R.C.P. & S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 12.5.23

Henry Thomas Bromage to be DlVlslOnal Supt., 12.5.23

Whitwood Collieries Division.-William Arthur Donald Lawson, M.B., Ch. 8., to be Divisional Surgeon, 18.5.23

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Derwent Valley Corps (Dipton Nursing Division ).-Ambulance Sister Mary Elizabeth Hodgson to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 9· 5. 23

Hull Corps.-Divisional Supt. Thomas Lamb to be Corps Officer, 17.5 23

Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps (Friends Division).-Ambulance Officer Tohn Andrew Armstrong to be Divisional Supt., 5.5. 2 3

North Tyneside Corps (Wallsend Borough DlVlSlOO).Edgar Babst, M.B., B.S , to be Divisional Surgeon, 11.5 .23

Stella Coal Company Corps (Emma CollIery Divlsioo ).Joseph A. Sacco to be Surgeon, 17.5. 23

No.8. DISTRICT.

Canterbury Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. Miss V. Chapman resigned, 29.5.23

Guildford Corps.-Corps Supt. Martin Williamson transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 12.5.23 Borough of Reigate Corps (Reigate Division).-Charles

- FIRST AID & t 'RE st. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTlt-

Edward Hamilton Milton, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 5.5.23

NO.9 DISTRICT

Bodmin Division.-Edward Henry Hugo, M.B., B.S., to be Divisional Surgeon 1.5 2 3

Sherwell Nursing Dlvlslon.-Miss Mabel Lida Ramsay, M.D., F.R.C.S.(Ed.)., M.P. H.(Cantab.)., to be Lady Divisional Surgeon, 5.9 22

No. II DISTRICT.

Hither Green Division.-Sergt. Theodore Palmer to be Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes, 5.9. 2 3

NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :-

PRINCE OF WALES'S DISTRICT.

West Ham Division.-Sanctioned, 17.5. 2 3

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Aylesbury Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, J 5.5. 2 3

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Kettering Headquarters Cadet Div ision.-Sanctioned, 19 5. 2 3

Sutton Cold field Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 1.6.23

NO.4 DISTR IC T.

Liverpool N orth Cadet Nursing D ivision.-Sanctioned, 17.5. 2 3

NO.5 DI STRICT.

05sett Nursing Division .- Sanctioned, 15 .5. 23

No.8 DISTRICT

Hove Cadet N ursing Division.-Sanctioned, 28.5. 23

Hove (W estmonton ) Cadet Nursing Division.-Sanetioned,28·5·2 3

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Ford Cadet N urs i ng Division. - -Sanctioned, 15 3. 2 3

JAMES R. A. CLA'RK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

The Orand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of the Order

St. fohn's Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C., 5th fune, I923.

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England:-

As Sub-Prior.

Major-General The Earl of Scarbrough, G.B.E., K.C.B.

As Knight 0/ 1ustice (from Knight 01 Grace):

Brigadier-General The Earl of Shaftesbury, K.P., K.C.V.O C.B.E.

As Lady 0/1ustice (from Lady of Grace):

The Lady Margaret MacRae of Feoirlinn, O.B.E.

As Knights of Grace:

Captain Harold Lyon Thomson, F.S.A. (from Esquire).

Major Arthur Hammel sley Johnston, O.B. E., M.R C.S. (from Esquire).

Sir Harry Albert Lawless Hepper (from Honorary Serving Brother).

George Herbert Rose Holden, M.D. (from Honorary Associate).

Henry George Waters, M.D. ({rom Honorary Associate).

General The Lord Byng of Vimy, G.C.B., G.e.M.G., M.V.O.

The Right Hon. Thomas Robinson Ferens, P.C.

Edward Taswell Campbell.

Lieut.-Colonel Chichester de Windt Crookshank.

Captain George Herbert du Cros.

As Ladies OJ Grace:

Helene Violet Alice, Countess ot Stradbroke, O.B.E.

Evelyn, The Lady Byng of Vlmy.

Florence Bertha, Lady Baddeley.

Evelyn, The Lady Blythswood.

The Lady Nina Geraldine Knowl e s.

Emrnelina Augusta Louisa, Lady Newnes

Mary Elizabeth, Mrs. Wadham.

As Esq uires:

James Anderson, M.D. ( from Honorary Associate ).

Major Cecil Henry Elmes, C.B.E., V.D., M.B. (from Honorary Associate ).

Ivor Cecil Albury.

Captain Arthur Nigel Cahusac, M.e.

Gerald Woods Wollaston, M.V.O.

As Honorat'y Serving Broillers.

James Beac Ie.

George Moir.

Albert Arthur Atkins.

Edward Charles Barker.

Allen J ames Barrell.

Edwin Blackledge.

Alfred Cooke.

Harry Edward Cornish.

George Dickinson.

Stanley Embleton.

David Harper Graham.

G eorge John Kemp.

Ernest William Thomas Morris.

Rufus Parker.

Charles Paver.

Denis Joseph Pettitt.

George Plater.

John Richards.

William Henry Sephton.

Herbert Singleton.

John Smith.

Arthur Edward Vaughan.

George Wilson.

William Wyse.

As Honorary Serving Sisters:

Laura Margaret, Miss Holroyde, RR.C.

Elizabeth Annie, Miss Ewing, M.B.E.

Alice Garrod, Miss M ayhew.

Isabel, Mrs. Webb.

As Honorary Associates.

J05eph Harvey K emp Sykes, L.M.S.S.A ,

Arthur Edward Sproulle, L.R.C.P. & S.l.

Sydney Blach Green, M.B.

Edmund William Herrington, L.RC.P.

Bernard Willoughby Holmes, .iv1.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

George Lawson J ohmton, M.RC.S., L.RC.P.

Henry Greville Kyle, M.D.

Cyril Claude M.B.

Joseph John Scammell Lucas, M.D.

Frederick John McKettrick, M.B.

John James Meikle, O.B.E.

Edward McKillop Nicholl, M.D.

Major Denis Fitzgerald O'Kelly, L.R.C.P. & S.E., R.A,M .C.

Edward Douglas Whitehead Reid, M.B., M.RC.S.

Reginald Reynolds, L.S.A.

Harold Wacher, M.B., M.R.C.S., L.RC.P.

june, 1923 .::- itiRS1' AID &. tIlE st. JOHN AM.BULANCE GAZttTTE.-

Service Medal and Service Medal Bars

THE following applications for the Service M e dal and th e Service Medal Bar have been approved by the Chid Commissioner.

SERVICE MEDALS.

No. I DISTRICT.

Baker, Pte. A. J , Bermondsey & Walworth Division 19 21 Brown, Cpl. T. C., No. 29 (Waltharr.stow) Division 20

Clarke. Pte. F. W., NO.7 ( Toynbee Hall ) Division ]9 22

Down, Pte. W., No. 45 ( North Camberwell) Division "

E'olett, Pte. E. G., No. ( Bromley) DiVision "

E'rances, Pte. Woo No. 41 ( Royal Ars enal ) Division "

Hallick, Pte. C. A.,,, " " " " Johnson, Sergt. W., No. IS (E ast Ham ) DiVIsion 19 2 0

Knight, (pI. J., No 10 (S t. Marks) DiVision 19 22

lalcher, Pte ., D. \Y. J. No. 51 ( Croydon ) Division

Mamby, Pte. E. No. 29 (Wa lthamstow ) Division

Martin, Pte. E .,,, " "

Kraffc, Sergt. J. W., Radcl iffe Division

Law, Cpl. H., Bacup Division

Meelling, A -Officer A, Radcliffe D ivision

Morrison, A.-Sister M., Radcliffe Nursing Divis ion

Sharples, CpI. T., MIddleton DiviSIOn

Smith, La dy Supt. E., Radcliff e Nursing Division

Sumner, Ambulance Sister M ]., Preston Nursiog DIVision

Walch, Ambulance Officer E., P.&Y.R. Division, Bolton Corps

Wild, Supt. S., Newtown Division

Wileman, l te. J. H., Liverpool D ivision

NO.5 DI STRICT

Fowkes, Sergt. F., Sutton-in Ashfield Division

Hudson, Pte. S., Keighley" A" DIvision

Marten, Sergt. Eo, Castleford D Ivision

Parker, Sergt. E. ; Worksop DIVISion

Phillips, CpI. A. F., Cleethorpes and D iv. Shore, Cpl. ]., Sutton-in-Ashfield D Iv isi on

N O.6 DI S IRICT.

Siddall, Pte. C. H., Hetton-le·Hole Division

Moore, Pte. A., No.2 ( Haggerston ) Division " "

l apier, Pt e. J. A., 0.21 ( Bromley ) Di\'ision

Newley, Pte. \Y. R. NO.7 ( Toynbee Hall ) Division

Price, Staff·Sergt. J. E., o. J 3 (KI ngs Cross ) Division"

Rodd, Sergt. H H. 0. 24 ( Lambeth ) DIvision

Rymer, Sergt. J. E'., TO. 46 ( Ilford ) Division

Sampson, Sergt. H. J ., o. 4 ( Ley ton & Leytonstane )

D iviSion

Scott, Lady Ambulance Officer S., NO .7 ( Wimbledon Nursing Div ision

Simpson, Staff-S er g t. L. G., 07 8 ( Enfield Division ) "

Streek, Pte. G., No. 41 ( Royal Arsenal) DiviSion

Summerhayes, Pte. G., No. 47 (W illow Walk ) Div.

Trussler, Cpl. T. W , NO.7 (Toynbee Hall ) DIvision "

Weller, II -Serg t. A., No. 41 ( Royal Arsenal ) DiVis ion

\\ ells, Cpl. H., "

Weston, Cpl. E. J. "

\Valley, Supt. F. e. " " " "

Wri ght, Cpl. A. 11., TO. 51 (Cro ydon ) Division

o.::! DISTRICT.

Heath, Dist.-Surgn. D. L, Bath City Division

Cary, Corps-Surgn. A. J., v.Teston-super-Mare Corps

Derham, Pte. S., Bristol" C" DiviSion

Lott, Pte. F. J , Barton Hill Division

Priddle, Serg I. G ., Weston-super,;'·.1are Division

Shaylor, Cpl. A., Oxford City Division

Skidmore, Pte, E. F ., Barton Hdl Division

Williams, Sergt. H. P., Redland Division

NO.3 DI STR I CT.

B ell, Pte. W. C., \Vigston Midland Divisil'n

Burnham, Pte. J H ,. " "

Costello, Ambulance Sister F., Birmingham Oratory Nursing Division

Downes, Pte. E., Smethwick Division

Gooud, Ambulance-Sister S ., Le ic ester Nursing Div.

Grant, Cpl. C. H., Lawley Street (Mid.) DiviSIOn, Birmingham

Green, Cpl. W., Nuneaton Division

Gregory, Corps Sergt.-Major G.B., Birming ham Corps

Hales, Sergt. W., Lawley Street ( Mid.) Division, Birmingham Corps

Hubbard, Pte. W ., Wigston Midland Division

Tyler, Pte. R. A., Northampton Headquarters Div.

NO.4 DI ST RICT.

Ashton, Supt. R, Chorley Division

Bell, Pte. R, Liverpool Division

Butterworth. Pte. B , Bacup Division

Chirnside, A.-Sis. M., Preston Nursing Division

Collinson, Lady-Supt. B., Kendal Nursing Division

Gibson, Supt. R, PrestWIch Division

Greenhow, Cpl. R, Radcliffe Division

Jackson, A.·Sister F., Liverpool Nursing Division

" " 1920 21 " " " " "

NO.8 DI STRIcr.

Broad, Staff Sergt. W. A , Isle of Sheppey Division

Catt, Supt. H. R. ,."

l£lgar, Sergt., E. A., Ashford Town D ivision

French, Ambulance Offi cer A. G., Isle of Sheppey Division

Mile, Supt., F J., Ashford Town D ivis io n Robmson, Sergt. G., DIVision

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Underhay, Lady Corps Offi c er F. M, Borough of Plymouth Corps

No. 10 DI STRICT.

Brec, Surgeon and Supt. S., Manningtree Division

Death, Sergt. J. E, IpswiCh First Division

Lovell, Sergt. E., Manningtree DIvision

Salmon, Cpt. W. E., " " Smith, Pte , ] E'ellxstowe Division No. 11 DISTRI CT

Maple, Sergt. G. Willesborough Division SERVICE MEDAL B ARS ( F1RS T)

NO. 1 DI ST RICT.

Agar, Ambulance Sister, No. (Chi ldren ' s Home ) Division

Arnold, Ambulance Sister E No. 1 ( Children s Home ) Division

Arnold, Ambulancp. Sister H., o. I (C hildren ' s Home ) Division

Bailey, Cpl. W. H., No. 47 ( Willow W a lk ) Division

Bigg, Pte. E., No. 40 ( Beckton) Division

Burgess, 3taff Sergt. G. A, No. 37 (G. W R.) Div.

Chase, Ambulance Officer J. ]., No. 10 ( St. Mark's) Division

Gray, Supt., A. J No. 40 ( Be ckton) Division

Dell Ambulance Sister V., No.2 (St. John s Gate ) Nursing Division

Phillips, Sergt.-Major D. S, No. 10 (S t. ;\[drk':» Division

Wallis, Sergt. H., NO.4 [ ( Royal Arsenal ) Division

No. 2 D 1STR ICT.

Chesterman, Staff Sergt. J. c., Oxford City Div. Cox, Corps Supt. J. S, \Vest on·super-Mare Divsion Freeborn, Asst.-Commr. J. C. R, County of Oxford

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Cheshier, Ambulance Officer T., Birmingham Headquarters Division

Howe, Ambulance Officer A G D., Wigston M dland Division

Stafford, Sergt. C., Northampton Headquarters Div.

_ FtRST AID & THE ST. JOiiN' AMBDt.ANCk GAZETTE.-

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Corfield, Ambulance Sister S., Liverpool Nursing Division

Cryer, Pte. H., Raac1iffe Nursing Division

Morrison, Pte. J., " "

Whewell, Pte. G.,,, "

NO.5. DI ST RICT.

Allan, Ambulance Offi c er C. H., Keighley "A" Div.

Thorne , Corps Officer C., Dewsbury and District Corps

No. 8

Davies, Commission, A. V., No.8 District

Baker, Cpl. J. Doddington Div ision

Miles, Cpl. W. F., Broughton-under-Blean Division

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Slwyer, Sergt. G. R, Ipswich First Divis ion (SECOND.)

No. DI STRICT.

B loomfield Shea, Lady Ambulance Offi c er R., Norwood Nursing Division

Gray, Sergt. W. A., No. 10 ( St. Marks; Division

Hendon, Supt. R. W., No. 22 (H ospital Saturday Fund) lJivision

Lowe, Supt. J., No.2 ( Haggerston ) Division

Smith, Ambulance Officer R. A., No. 22 ( Hospital Saturday Fund ) Division

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Parker, Supt. R., Barton Hill Division

NO.3 DI ST RICT.

Hall, Ambulance Officer G., Nnneaton Division

Thorne,

NO.2 DI STRICT

Warwick, Supt. F. G ., Bath City Division PRIORY FOR WALES. FIR S r BAR.

Johnson, Sup t. W. H., Cardiff D ivision

The Late Princess Christian.

IT is with deep regret we record the death of H R. H. Princess Christian which took place on the 9th inst.

The keynote of her life may be said to have been active benevolence and personal interest in anything she undertook, and her name will ever be associated with Nursing in its various branches, it may not be out of place here to refer with grateful acknowledgment to her life-long interest in the work of the Red Cross. When Lord Lansdowne in 1899 suggested and formally recognise d the Central British Red Cross Committee for organising and dea'ing with all voluntary offers of aid during the third African War, Princess Christian became a member of the Committee, and it was at her invitation that the late Sir John Furlev designed the Hospital Train which her name, and which performed such splendid service from 18 99 to 1902. A similar train, but of more modern design was constructed during the Great War, which embodied all the most recent improvements in sick transport.

During the War she was a member of the Joint War Committee, and took a very special interest in the hospital at N etley, and in that at Englefield which owed its origin to her. Her Royal Highness was an original ILember of the Council of the B.R.C.S. and the President of tl)e Berkshire Branch.

The Brigade Competitions.

THE change of venue of the Comp:titions this year was to the satisfaction of everyone, the ample accommodation at the Wharncliffe Rooms, Hotel Great Central, made the contests on May 25th much more interesting eVEnts than previous years, when they have been held in conjunction with the Final Railway Competitions. The staging of the events was all that could b e d e sired, and all Competitors whether winners or losers were that they had received a fair test.

During t he afternoon Princess Mary Viscouo tess Lasce lle s arrived, and witn essed exhibitions of the various teams, and arterwards distributed the pri ze s as follows :-

"DEWAR SHIELD)) AND "SYMONS ECCLES )) CUP.

I.-No. 4 District, Brierfield Division

2.-No. District, Bric klayers Arms (S. E. & C. Railway Divis io n

3.- No 10 District, Cambr idg e G.E.R. Division

4.-No. 3 District, Woverhampton

5 -No.6 D ist ri ct, East Cleveland

6.-N o. 2 District, W. Oxford

7.- No District, G.W.R., PaddlOgton

THE" PERROTT))

Among the compan) present were Major -Gem ral

Geoffrey Fielding, S .:: cretary -General of the Order of St. John, Slr Jahn Hewett, Chancellor of the Order, Sir James and L3dy Clark, Chic:f Commissioner of the Ambulance Brigade, Lady Perrott, L'idy Sup f rintendtnt in·Chief, Mrs. Di!nt, La iy S Jp e rintendent·in.Chief for the Overseas D.)minions, Surgeon-G t neral Sir H.lvdock Charles. Chief Commissioner Overseas Brigade, and Lieutenant-Colonel

E. A. Cameron, Secretery of the Order.

The Judges for the "Dewar" Shield were ;Lieut.-Col. F_ A. Brooks, Viva Voce. S. Oliver Eades, L.R.C.P., Individual.

N. COl bet Fletcher, Stretcher.

\( Perrott" Shield:Miss R. Cox Davis, RRC., Viva Voce.

Major H. W. Spaight, Individual.

Major J. C. R. Freeborn, M.R.C.S., and The Hon. Gertrude Best, A.R.R.C., Team Work.

-FIRST

"PERROTT" CHALLENGE SHIELD (FINAL). PART 1. (A)- VIVA VOCE.

No. f.-What precations would you take against the the spread of infection dLtring the course of an inrectious disease?

I sol ate the patient

Hang a sheet soaked in outside the sick room door ( I ) allowing lower part to trail in bat h containing further disinfectant ( 1)...

MIX all strong disinfectant (J) allowing them to stand In diSInfectant as long as doctor directs (I) before finally dealing with them (r)

Burn in the fireplace of the sick room (I) all rags (t), c<;>tton waste tow (!), or cotton wool used tor discharges, all dust taken up in the sick room ($). 3t in pail of for an hour at least (I) 'Jed Im.en body Imen 0), h:J.ndkerchief; before beIng boIled a) ... ... ... ... 3 Keep y<?ur patient yourself and your surroundir.g5

r 0) In state of perfe ct cleanliness ( I) 21

I\..eep basm Lysol solution, 1 In 100 (I) near bedside but out of patient's reach ; wash my hands eve;y time I had done any hing tor him ( 1)

AID.-

As perspiration will be profuse lay patient on blanket (I) mackintosh sheet under it (1)

Place over bed second mackIntock sheet (I) covered by two blat;kets ([), supported by large body cradle (1)

Remo·/e. OIght shirt (I) distinctly caution him to he still WIth his legs apart (1)

Place between patient's legs below the knees (I) an electric heater or hot water bottles

2 3

3

Tuck in upper blankets below lower one and round pa.tient's neck ... ...

As a general rule allo -", patient to remain 'iike this twenty minutes

Remain in atteudance whole time (i-); see heating app::ratus is not scorr:hing anything

Feel patient's pulse at temporal artery from time to time (1), if any signs of faintness (r), if there are dl5c ontlllue bath (1)...

After removIng apparatus cover patient with blankets for half hour ( r), then rub down well before putting to bed In usual way ( I) ... ...

Keep records of?uration of bath ( I ), response of skin effect on patlen t ( I)

3 No 4 - 1. Explain how bacteria may invade the body?

Keep another basin same Lysol solution, clean towel and overall, outSide door for doctor's use ... ...

Save doctor as much as possible having to touch patient No. 2.-How would you fill a water bed? (stating all the prerautions you would take ).

Make sure that the screw fits (2), and that bed is in good order (2)

Expel all air to prevent water bubbling out

Fill bed with water at a temperature of 100 degs. Fahr. (2), so that when the two hands are pressed down on the under surface cannot be felt (r)

If bed over-filled patient may jerk himself off when moving

I f filled may make patient feel giddy or even SIck ...

Make sure the bed does not leak...

N ever let get on bed, it impoverishes the rubber Abstract every day 1 gallon water (I) ; replace with same

4 2 3 quantit y of water at 110 degrees (2)...

Before p.uttIng .away bed,.empty it while in position (I), leaVIng a little water 10 to prevent two sides sticking together (I) 2

No. IlL -How would you give a patient a hot air bath in the absence of regular appliances; Pages 146 and 147).

153.) 11. What preventative measures would you adopt In each case?

I. (a) Through the skin (I) by any wound or abrasion of skin (r), or of the mucous membrane (I)

\ 8) Through the lung-s (I) by inhaling dust containing bacteria (I) 3 2

(c) Through the intestines (1) by means of infected water or food (t), particularly milk (t), oysters (t), watercress C:z) "l

I I. (a) Ensuring absolute cleanliness of all skin surround- ".J !ng any (I), of everything likely to come In contact ":Ith It (I).; keeping the hands (I) as well as surglc:;tl dressmgs (1) aseptic (§) 4!

(b) Thorough ventilation (1); constant removal and of all dust (r); all infective disdIscharge (I)...

(c) the hands before eating: (I) or handling food Intended for others (I), USIng a clean nail brush (I) and, or a suitable disinfectant in the water (1)

PART 1. (B)- INDIVIDUAL TESTS.

No. I.-Treat a simple fracture lower end of left fibula Draw left foot into natural position . 3

3

The Brierfield Squad Winners of the "Dewar " Shield.

I mmed iately plac e in prone position

By correct method ..

Place face on one side

Kneel beside patient, fac ing head

Place palms over lo wer r ib s

Thumbs par a llel - z i n ap a rt

Lean forwards, press n g d o wn

Arms kept stra ' ght : .

Relax pressure, h a nds kept \0 p osi t io n

C ontinue 2 t i llles a minute

Send c o mpanion for blankets, hot bottlec:, &c.

And request phone Dr. and ambulance

Apply smell ing salts or snuff

Judge.-Fa c e has bec o me congested

Turn on back, with pad under shoulders

Bare chest to p it of stomach

Undo braces and top trouser button

Draw tongue well forward

Method of mainta ining tongue forward

Kneel behind head

Grasp arms below elbows

Bring arms upw a rds, outwards and towards you

Forwards, down and inwa l ds

Press arms and elbows firmly on chest

Continue fifteen times a minute

Judge.-" P atient is now breathing- ."

Remme wet clothes

Wrap in dry blankets, &c

Rub limbs energetically towards heart

Apply hot bottles, and tested

Give hot tea, when conscIous

En c ouraging words

Ascertain name and address

Send companion message home

Judge.-Dr. and ambulance arrived.

PART Ir.-TEAM WORK.

Card I (handed to officer in charge of team).

-FIRST

A 10. - June, 1923.

(It) there is no possibility of telegraphing or tele· phoning.

Card 2 (on patient).

You find the boy in the position in which you see him he is evidently in great pain, and you observe arterIal blood flowing freely from a wound behind his right knee.

Patient is instructed to cry out" Oh my knee ! " when the competitors touch his right leg.

Card 3

You find a transverse fracture of the right knee-cap with much swell i ng.

Card 4.

You are told the boy sleeps in the cottage parlour, and are asked to put him there No other accommodation is a v ailable.

Card 5

The grandmother, who has recovered from the s ho c k caused by the accident, tells you she c an look after the patient until a neighbour, for whom she has sent, arrives Also th a t she will send a messenger for the doctor.

June, 19 2 3. -FIRST

Counterpane (no)

Preparing bed

Removing patient's boots 4

Cold application over fracture 4

Arrangement for ele vating limb in bed 4

Cradle for limb ( improvised cradle produced If a5ked for ) 4

Hot water bottle ( fill and cork ) <1

General smartness 10

Card 5.-The grandmother, who has recovered from the shock caused by the accident, tells you she can look after the patient unt il a neighbour for whom she has sent arrives. Also that she will send a messenger for the do c tor.

Time limit - 20 minute s.

"DEWAR /I SHIELD AND " S YMONS E C CLE S" CHALLENGE CUP.-FINAL.

PA R T I. ( A) VI VA V OC E.

O ffi cer in Char g e.-In what c ases can the use of heat be of a ss istance in F irst A id Treatment ?

Z

8

AID.-

Ice or cold water (2) Ice bag if seat known (z)

If collapse: raise and bandage limbs

No. z.-What do you know about Apoplexy and Its treatment?

Disease of brain ( 1) usually in old people (I )

Signs of injury not necessarily present (1) brain IS con· gestecl ( I)

Face flushed ( I ) breathing stertorous (1 )

One side of body more limp than other (z ) Unequal pupils...

Temperature generally raised

Treatment.

On back ( 1) Raise head (1) and shoulders ( J )

Turn head to one side

Hot bottles to abdomen (I ) and lower limbs ( 1)

Ice or cold water to head ( 1) continously (1 )

Complete rest

No. 3 -\Vhere may blood from the mouth come from ?

Tongue (1) gums ( I) socket of tooth after extraction ( : ) tbroat ( 1)

Nose ( 1) lungs ( 2) stomach ( 2)

member of team entering cottage). After bleeding controlled second member into cottage to assist

You are to suppose you have been doing duty at a Sunday School excursion. On the way to the railway station on your return journey, as you approacb a .cottage, elderly woman who is apparently very feeble and \0 great distress, stops and asks if you can assist her, as ber grandson has fallen out of a tree in the orchard and has hurt bimself badly. Act as you would,

You are aware -

(

a) that you can only spare 20 minutes;

(b) that the train you have to catcb is a "special.'l and there is no other until the next day-you must all get home;

(

c) that there is no do c tor in the village;

(

d ) the nearest hospital is 25 miles away;

(e) an ambulance is not obtainable;

(f) the village is some distance from a main road; you passed a small inn 200 yards from the cottage;

(no ) 2

Additional pillows (two can be had; produced if asked for) 4

Bolster (no)

Additional sheets (two can be had; produced if asked for) 4

2

B ricklayers Arms Team, S.£. & C.Rly. Winners Inter Railway Challenge Shield.

S yn c ope, sprinklin g hot and cold water alternately ( I) Sho c k and collapse (2 ) 3

Nose bleeding : feet in h o water ( I ) flom inside of mouth ( I ) 2

Strains and ruptured muscles ( 2) Sprains

Dislocations: indoors after cold tried ( I ) Swelling of tissues of throat ( 1) 2

Burns and scalds: Water at body temperature ( I ) or w i th baking soda ( I) 2

After artificial resp iration: hot flannels (I) bottles (J ) or bricks (1) 3

Infantile convulsions (1) Protrusion of abdominal organs in wounds ( I) z

Apoplexy and compress ion; hot bottles to abdomen ( r ) and lower limbs ( r ) 2

Boracic fomentation after extraction of fish hook

N o. I. - What is the treatment of internal h ce morrhage ?

Recumbent ( z ) head low (2 ) and to one side (2) 6

Loose clothing about neck (2) air ( r) fan ( r) 4

Sptinkle cold water on face ( r) ; smelling salts (1) 2 No other stimulants ... 2

Trace the circulation of the blood from the Superior Vena Cava to the outside of the nose on the left side.

R. Auricle ( I ) R. ventricle ( r) Pulmonary artery ( r ) lungs ( I ) ." '"

Pulmonary veins ( r) L. auricle ( I ) L ven tr icle (I ) aorta ( I )

Common carotid (r ) External carotid ( 1 ) Facial ( I ) No. 4.-You are called to a patient who is much collapsed and who complains of burning pains in the stomach. :r..; ear him is a bottle labelled" Salts of Sorrel. "

How would you act?

Send for doctor, naming poison

Preserve vomit ( r) and bottle (J )

Examine mouth: sore and white ( r ) no emeti c (2)

Give at once an alkali (lime water)

Whitening (-k ) chalk (1) magnesia (} ) wall plaster 0)

Dose of latter: one tablespoonful in tumblerful at Water

Olive (r ) salad ( I) cod liver oil oil from sardine box U)

Milk ( r) raw eggs beaten up with milk or water (r )

Cream and flour beaten up

Tea

If throat swollen: hot flannels or poultices

-FIRST

Artifi.:ial respir3.tion if breathing failing or cannot be discerned

Treat shock and collapse

Maximum -100.

PART I. (b).- INDI VIDUAL TESTS

Bearer o. I.-Dick and Harry are having a practice on parallel bars. Dick, in jumping off, turns a somersault, missing his footing falls heavily on the floor. Harry, knowing you are a First Aid man, living only a few yards from the gymnasium, and finding you home, promptly you.

On your arrival you find DIck restless and complaining of severe pain in his left elbow and a feeling of nausea. Act as you should.

N .B.-All necessary appliances are kept on the premises.

Enquire if Dr. available (no ); encouraging words

Careful and methodical examination of patient 4

Ask if any bleeding (no) exclude any wound (none)

Confirm seat of pain (l eft elbow ) i swelling ( under lefe elbow)

Loss of power (l eft arm) i deformity (l eft elbow joint)

D iagnosis? Fracture involving left elbow ioint 4

Treatment-

Improvise L-shaped splint, place outer side elbow 2

Fix splint to arm -3 bandages; feel for pulse 3

Large arm-sling; hot (having previously inform ed relatIves nothmg senous) 3

Advise his own Dr. sent for (st ating case) 2

Manipulation: neatness: correctness 4

Bearer No. 2.- You and your son (rc:p resented by the patient ) are on your way to a parade. Suddenly he slips on a banana peel and falls to. ground; he however, to raise himself and IS slttmg on the k,erb, complaming of severe pain in region of ankle and a feehng. of nausea. You have a haversack contamlDg ambulance matenal.

N.B -You are to treat this case single·handed; help comes to you when practically it is not needed. Keep crowd back; speak

Place patient on back, comfortable POSitIon

Face (p ale); bleeding (no ); shock (sligh t); pube (feeble ) , 2

Examme ankle: pain ( worse when moved); swelling (a little )

Loss of power (marked); irregularity (fibu la, yes; tibia, none)... 2

Dr. coming? (no); ambulance? (y es) remove b :mana peel...

Diagnosis: simple fracture of left fibula 4

Do not uncover limb, steady by supporting J[ 2

Secure feet by use of broad bandage

One only, outside, knee to ankle

Secure legs to splint by bandages and '2 above and below fracture; 3 top of spli nt 2

4 & 5 Round ankles, knees, in proper order... 2

Treat shock by warmth, stimulants; suggest removal by ambulance 2

2

2

2

2

A ID.- June, 19 2 3,

TreatmeLlt of right side.

Pain? !( right side on taking deep breath) ? breathing? (short and shallow) ; coughing up blood (No) 4

Two broad bandages round chest-large arm sling 6 Dr. arrives; ambulance ready; phone hospital, stating case ... 4

Accompany patient; wat c h bleeding-tighten tourniquet (if necessary )

Speak cheerfully to patient tactful message to relatives 4

Diagnosis : severed radial art; simple fracture, right side 6

Bearer No. 5.-You and your friend hired a horse and trap for a day's outing The groom, while in the act of harnessing the horse, was s uddenly kicked in the lower part of his abdomen and sent sprawling on the ground. He immediately complains of excruciating pain, pulse feeble, face very pale. Act as you should.

Dr. available? (N o ); ambulance ( Yes) 2

Shock? (marked) ; speak encouragmgly

Recumbent position; prevent all movement

Head low and turned to one side

all clothing, belt braces, &c.

warmly, plenty of fresh air

4

June, 19 2 3.

Forthwith expose and locate wound ( mid forearm)

Ask colour of blood (sca rlet ) ; spurting (yes )

If wound dirty (no ); if foreign bodies) ; (no)

Carefully exclude fracture of limb (no)

Promptly cover wound; flex arm at elbow

Establish so:ne degree of shock ; face ( pale)

Pulse ( feeble ) breathing (s hallow ); skin (cold)

A<;k if pain (rig ht forearm and both haunch bones )

If ca n move legs (no; lest pain made worse )

Exclude injured spine and lower limbs (no )

Exclude injured bloodvessels and pelvic organ,; ( n n)

Decide simple fracture of pelvis

Exclude other injuries ( none); methods

Preliminary treatment.

Decide remove from shaft without delay

Method of removal (ca re of patient)

Card 3. (i f bearer or mate struck),

Test and prove bearer (or mate ), conscious

Exclude marked degree of shock ( no )

FIRST

AI D.-

Large armsling; loosen clothes; keep warm

Treatment of fractured pelvis.

Place most comfortable position (knees bent)

Broad bandage round hips (efficiency )

Prevent movements; turn up coat collar

Roll stick each side of c oat ( top level with head)

Broad bandage under head; secure to sticks

Two bearers grasp coat; third clothes at hip

Fourth SUPPOltS legs; on command all lift ...

Ask mate slide stretcher under patient

Transport of patient.

Ask if any change in patient's condition (no)

Ask patient's name and address (I mile away )

Decide remove to hospital forthwith

Arrange message to home and hospital

" Stand to stretcher " (step over handles); II bfl "

"Adjust slings " ( patient level ); "advance"

Methods of carrying; examine on march

Do not wait to change bearers (300 yards)

Take it intelligent message ' phoned to ambulance station 2

N eatness, effic iency, correctness... 3

Bearers Nos. 3 & 4.- You and your friend are sitting ina club room (next door to an Ambulance station) where two men are having a heated argument, the one aims a blow at the other, and in doing SQ misses his object .and right fist through a pane of glass, severely cuttmg hIS Wrist (from which blood is spurting), and at the same time heavily striking his right side against the window sill. Hospital close by. Act together. You have a supply of ambulance material with you.

Treatment of wrist.

Prompt action, recumbent position, raise, extend, rotate arm digital pressure 10 (brachial) by other bearer, complete control 6

Exclude other injuries, remove foreign bodIes 4

Dr. available? (Y es ), Bystanders (Y es); 'phone ambulance... 5

Pad and bandage, aseptic precautions, hand,dressings, &c. 3

Internal bleeding (N o ) ; shock (s light) ; other injuries Yes)

PART I I.-STRET C HER Tl·Sr.

Card (giv en at entry to room )

You are on your way to take up street duly on the occasion of a royal wedding. As you pass the open entrance of a warehouse, which is 120 yards from your appointed post, you hear inside the building a crash, followerl by groans. You know that there is a hospital 300 yards away. Act as you should.

N.B.-The judge Will only answer questions as to what the proper use of your senses might dIscover in an actual emergency.

Card 2. (plac ed on patient ).

On enter ing the warehouse, you find this man in the well of the lift shaft. He is lymg on his back WIth his knees drawn up. Bending over him is his assailant who says that patient was mending the lift which got out of contro l and threw him from the floor above. You note that patient's right sle eve is saturated with blood.

Card 3 (giv en if anyone in shaft when lift falls).

This man has been struck by the lift which has again slipped and become fixed. He is lying on h is back and has a large wound at back of his head.

Note for judge.

Arrange tall screens to represent" well of lift shaft," and to mark out" open entrance lobby" of warehouse. Tie together (in form of square ) four long-, thin bamboo poles, covered with sacking to represent "floor of lift." With thin rope fix "floor of lift " above tops of screen so that it may fall halfway down "well of shaft." Arrange that timekeeper causes" crash " at outset, and again 6 minutes later when lift falls; that he gives 5-minutes warning and stops test after 18 minutes. Place two broom handles in lift.

Immediate actlOn.

Mode of reading card and approach 2

Halt at head of patient; leave alone 2

Bearers No.2 and 4 advance on patient 2

Bearers Nos. I and 3 prepare stretcher, and (2) await further orders from officer (2) 4

Tactful words to patient's assistant 2

Ask him if lift safe (yes, for five minutes) 5

Take steps to clear lift shaft quickly 4

Efficiency of action taken for this purpose 4

Send bearer ambulance post report, and ask ( 2); if ambulance (no) ; if surgeon (not arrived ) (4)

Leave message ask surgeon come to case 4

Examination of patient.

Test insensibility (patient fully conscious) 3

Tactful and encouraging words to patient 3

6

By

As k site of bleeding (occi pital region of scalp )

Co lour of blood (sca rlet ); spurting (freely)

If foreign bodies ( no ) i if" obviously dirty" (yes )

Pr ompt pressure on both occipital arter es

Ex:clud e fractured s kull and other injuries (no)

S eat patient; and encouraging words

Ask If warm sterile water (kettle available )

Ask if surgeon has now arrived (no)

Steri lise fingers; wash wound freely

Appl y Iodine; clean dry absorbent dressinp'

FIX firm pad with narrow bandage

Ask ,results of treatment (feels alright) '"

DeCide use patient for light duties only

N.B.-If shaft cleared, allow for" prevention."

Further treatment of wound.

Ke ep up indirect pressure expose wound

Do ,not touch or wash; 5terilise fingers freely; clean dry absorbent dressing

F Irm pad; fix with narrow bandage ...

Rel ax pressure; ask if controlled (yes)

On arrival" lower stretcher," and stand attention

Complete detailed report to house-surgeon .. .

Practical show of work (no explanation )

Efficient use of appliances (uniform not used )

Co-operation and general smartness of team

Control of team by officer-in-charge

Smartness and efficiency of drill

IMPRESSIONS 01!' BRIGADE FINAL BY A SPECTATOR.

For many years past complaints have been made regarding the unreality of the surroundings in Ambulance Competitions; and this has caused more or less successful attempts in Brigade Finals to reproduce the scenes of the emergencies for the purpose of assisting competItors.

In the Brigade Final held on May 25th in the Great Central Hotel, the scenery carne nearer to perfection than on any previous occasion. Dr. Corbet Fletcher has

The winning team of the "Good Samaritan Trophy" competed for annually by teams of the South Metropolitan Gas Co. Corps.

Courtesy, "Co.Partllers/,ip 'ot/rltal."

alreldy achieved fame in this dirEction; but this, his latest attempt, marks a further advance. The conditions of the test called for wunds of two "crashes," a disabled lift; an injured man with arterial bleeding, and t?e possibiltty of other injuries from a further fall of the lift. The competitors heard the crashes; from the framework erected they could SEe the movable lift and from the scarlet cloth and paint on the ground, they cLuld see and locate the arterial bleeding. Further, if the injured man's mate was questioned, he gave warning that the lift, as seen, was only safe for 5 minutes-after which period the fall actual.ly took place wlth dire consequences to tho'3e beneath, If they were slow en')ugh to await the fall.

The staging of the scene was greatly appreciated by spectators and competitors, and produced that dramatic element which results in sustained interest and prevents boredom which is often so marked in the closing stages of many ambulance contests . Added to this, there was the concentrated attention of the judge, which, maintained fr;)m to end, gave to all present a feeling of confidence and an assuranc:! that the teams would gEt every mark they earned. It is difficult to see how further improvement in Staging can .be effectej.: ?ut the stimulus given in thiS latest tffurt Will tend to bnnb out new ideas which, whilst sometimes b')[dering on the unnecessary, will inevitably bring progress. It should, in any case, mark the timely decease of the competition lD which everything is left to the imagination of competitors.

Congratulations are due to Dr. Corbet Fletcher for the exr:ellent display; and it is worth noting that his undoubted abi ity and prominence in the Ambulance World fully justifiied the Brigade authoriti e S in leaving it to him to mark drill as we ll as First-Aid parts of the conte,t. He was in command from beginning to end, and, rightly enough, allowed nothing to interfer e with his work. Many of us would have liked a chat with him during the day; but he phinly show e d us that he had more impJrtant work in hand.

From a and competitors point of view, there wa<; a seriou> miscarriage of justice at the close of the contest. During the distribution of awards it is the invariable custom to giv::. prominent place to the judges of the comp e tition. It wal', therefore, far from corrt..ct to notice the j Jdges grouped tugether in one part of the ball among the audience, a clear indication that they not been invited to t a ke their places on the platform, and a poor reward for a hard and tiring day spent in the service of the Order and the Brigad e A.O.

C[CELY HAl\![LTON writing in the Daily Chronicle on th e London Ambulance S e rvice says: .' All public institutions, be they r,vcr so ben '3 ficent, are apt to be by rule and regulation; but, judging by my own expenence rule and regulation have had little effect on the of the ambulance man. He is morc than an official in the public employ. He is, as I have known him, a friend in need-a man of good will and a welcomed help in trouble; and never see an ambulance speeding down the street but I s nd it thanks for service rendered and think of the Good Slmaritan.

The "DECORATOR5' « PAINTERS' MAGAZiNE" (IS. monthly) is 1 HE trade paper for all interested.Publishing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C·4·

and ;\nswers to eorrespondents.

.2ueries will be dealt with under tlze /ollowing rules ;-

r. -Letters containin!, Queries mus! be marked on the top le/t hana corner 0/ the envelope "Query," and addressed-F1RST AID, ,,6, Cannon-street, London, E.C 4· II Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut fro" the current issue 0/ the !ournal, or in case 01 Queries Irom abroac Irom a recen! issue.

-The Textbook, to which relerence fIIay be made in thue CO/111J1tlJ is the 36th (I920) Edition 01 S.f.A.A .Manual of First-Aid.

FRACTURES OF DOTH CL.\ \ ICLIt:S.

W. S. ( BulweIl).-Please tell me the corr e ct way to bandage up a patient suffering from Fracture of both Clavicles, and if pads are necessary in armpits.

If you like, you can, by dealing first with one and then with the other, treat Fractures of Doth Clavicles as set out In Textbook. This method carries out the main object of treatment-that is, keep5 back points of shoulder-by IL'7 erin,t; the clavicle backwards and upwards and consequently requires a pad as fulcrum for the lever-the humerus. ThiS combination, however, is cumbersome, not very effective, and IS not usually adopted.

The more common method in First-Aid is to encircle each armpit beyond fracture of clavicle. and to tie these firmly together over the scapula: with a third bandage. method acts by direct t racft"oJl on the shoulders, and consequently requires no pads in axiJJre which Indeed can serve no useful purp05e.-N. CORI :ET FLETCHER.

DRES E\G BAND \GE FOR H \ND.

A. S. (Newbury) - At a class practice r put on the DreSSing Bandage for Hand by placing patient's hand, palm dOlon· wards, on the open bandage, and by corrpleting as In Textbook (p. 162 ) Our instructor conccted me and said that I should have started the bandage by placing hand, palm upwant on the open bandage. Believing, as I do, that Fig. 65 of Textbook represents the left hand, I consider my method was correct. Please decide between us?

I cannot, unless you tell me on which side of hand the wound or injury was situated. If the wound was in palm, then you should tredt with palm lIP wards and vice versa. In other words you should keep wound and dressing under observation, while you treat case, so that you may take prompt action if bleeding recurs and begins to penetrate dreSSing. Your reference to diagram does not solve problem, becanse to me the hand represented might be right or left.-N.C.F.

HOWLER.

M. D. (Chelsea).-Here's another howler for your column. The other day I was examining a class of pol:cemen and asked one man what was tlte first thing he would do in a case of Hanging. Without hesitation he replied that he would take patient'.; name and address! ! !

Good! Next, please! !-N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF VIPER BITES.

H. J. read the other day in Buffon's Natural Hz'story that viper catchers, when bitten, cure themselves by application of olive oil. I cannot find any date printed in the book, and wonder if oil is a cure for viper bites.

Olive oil is useless for viper bites. Colonel Blackham, however, in his Tropical First-Aid (p. 92) writes-Permanganate of Potash has power to neutralIse the poison of all venomous bites, except that of dog-bites.-N.C.F.

ETHIC S OF FIRST-AID FOOT13ALL DUTIES.

A. D. S. (Ess ex ).- I would like to submit for your opinion some points with reference to Football Duties undertaken by members of the Brigade, who, as I understand it, are present to render First-Aid, if required, to spectators and players.

(I) Should the Referee summon the ambulance man or should the Trainer do this? Incidentally, the latter, in my experience, usualJy calls for hel p after the patient has been roughly lifted by his fellows

(2) What can be done to prevent patient being lifted before it be ascertained if any injury received is likely to be aggravated by so doing?

(3) What should a Brigade man do if he offers his services while "patient" is being treated by the Trainer, and if his uffer is refused? By the way, some Trainers use methods which have yet to be published in any ambulance Textbook.

(4) Other than as supposed treatment for a "winded" patient which you have so fully expounded on more than one occasion, is anything gained by so-called massage, which more often than not consists merely of vigorous friction of abdominal wall by the Traine.r ?

(I) As I understand the position, the ambulance man who has been specially detailed for Football Duty should advance on the field when-a player being injured-the game is stopped by the Referee. Having reached his patient, he should tactfully offer his services, for which purposes he is on duty, a fact which eliminates the necessity for awaiting a summons from Referee or Trainer.

:2 Having offered his services, the ambulance man should-with tart and discrilJlinlliioJl-give warning agaiT'st premature interference with patient before the extent of injury received and the pOSSibilities of aggravation thereof have bep.n asc ertained. ThiS done, the ambulance man's duty is ended when patient, either personally or throuRh his friends refuses - as is theIr right -to accept expert advice, !'ome perse7/era 71 Ce

AI D.-

being permissible especially with a patient who is recovering from a mild degree of Concussion of Brain.

(3) A Brigade man, whose advice and assistance are refused by patient or friends, can do nothing except-again with tact and discriminai£o1Z- withdraw his services and decline responsibility for what is being done. Indeed, a peremptory refusal woulri justify his withdrawing immediately from the football ground and reporting the incident to his Superintendent, with whom rests responsibility for further action.

(4) Nothing-except that the Trainer knows the indivirlual peculIarities of his men and may be the best judge of treatment, otlter than First-Aid, indicated ID any given case. My personal recollections of such contests reminds me that in some teams there may be one or two who for one cause or another exaggerate their mishaps and who may be more quickly restored either by rough handling or by rounds of applause! !-N.C.F.

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION.

H. J. ( Battersea).-In health IS'T8 breaths are taken per minute. Yet, in its description of the various methods of artificial respiration, the Textbook gives a different number for each. Thus, for Schafer it advises 12 per minute, with Silvester and Laborde 15 movements. Why this difference?

I do not know. The lesser rate of 12 movements per minute is better for artificial imitation of breathing, because one movement carried out slowly and deliberately, and taking 5 seconds for completion, WIll be more effective in driving air in and out of lungs than two or three hurried and incomplete movements performed in the same period.

For myself, therefore, I prefer to allot 12 movements per minute to Schafer and Silvester which bring about alterations in the cub ic capa r'ity of the chest itself. Laborde differs from these in that it i.5 supposed to act by direct stimulation of the Breathing Centre through a nerve of larynx; and perhaps the more rapid stimulation of 15 per minute is more likely to effect the purpose desired.-N.C.F.

Restores • 1n and preserves fatigue health

Members of the St John Ambulance Brigade and all those who engage in First Aid work realise that there is nothing to equal a cup of delicious (( Ovaltine" for restoring and preventing fatigue. It is invaluable when long hours have to be worked under unfavourable weather conditions. Containing the recuperative and restorative elements of ripe barley malt, creamy milk, fresh eggs and cocoa, one cup of " Ovaltine" supplies more nourishment than 12 cups of beef extract, 3 eggs or 7 cups of cocoa.

Taken regularly "Ovaltine" gives and maintains health and strength lr should be the daily beverage for everyone in place of tea, coffee and other beverages which are merely stimulants.

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-FIRST

TRANSPORT OF FRACTURED FEI\IUR.

H. C. ( St. Pancras).-In transport by Stretcher of Fractured Femur, should the three bearers fall in on same side as fracture or on opposite side?

No rule is laid down in Textbook as to which side of stretcher should be taken by the three bearers. Provided that lifting be done carefully, either side affords equal support and control of Fractured Femur.-N.C .F

POISONING BY CORROSIVES ALKALIES.

A. C. (Y orkshire ).-In F£rst A£d zn Few TVords it is suggested that lime juice should be given in Poisoning by Corrosive Alkalies. Is th is correct?

Lime juice, being mildly acid in action, may certainly be used in such cases, though the vinegar or lemon juice soilltions, named in Textbook ( p. 154), would probably be more effective. -N .C.F.

fetters to the gditot'.

We are i1l 110 way lor tile oPi"io"s expressed, or the rtateme1lU made. b, Conespondents.-EDITOR.

IMPROVEMENT OF COMPETITIO:-':S.

SIR,-One of your correspondents writes: "There appears to be plenty of room for improvement in present day competitions," etc.

Members of many nursing divisions will agree with that statement.

I should like to add further evidence of the need for improvement.

At a recent competition for the" Perrott" shield in a north e rn town, the local nur!!ing divis on entered a competing team, and-quite rightly-local med ica l offi c ers were not allowed to adjudicate.

The judges from other towns in the district were closely associated witb the winning and the second teams in the competition, one being tbe medical officer of the winners nursin g division, while the other was from the same local ity as the <C runners-up."

Strange coincidence, perhaps, but an exam inatio n of the marks reveals the fact that very high marks in ea ch case were awarded by both judges to the i r own local teams.

Comment would be superfluous, but I do wish to plead for some alteration of the methods adopted.

The various competitions ought to be free from the lea st taint of susp ici on, and I would snggest that exam in ers in all cases should not be connected with any of the teams.

PURCHASING A MOTO R AMBU LANCE.

DEAR SIR,

In reply to Mr. Quinn's enquiry, he was quite correct as regards the first car of the Plymouth fleet of ambulances. An influential "Town Committee," in 1917-1 8, purchased-as a result of an appeal campaign-a "Hupmobile Ambulance" and the Mayor publicly handed it over to the Plymouth an'd District Ambulance Service. The car is still busily engaged.

HEDLEV V. MILLER, Director.

SharIston & District Ambulance Shield.

AMBULANCE men will you rally round the FIR ST ANNU AL COMPETITION, which will be held on SATURDAY, AU GUST 18th, 1923, in a field kindly lent for the occasion, if fine. If wet, in St. Luke's Hall, Sharlston (adjoining field).

Valuable prizes will be given to the su c ces s frJl competitors. For Schedule apply to Secretary, E. STEEL, 8, Victoria-terrace, Snydale, Near Pontefact.

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'Yadil' Antiseptic Prevents Wound Infection

TH E majority of the accidents that a first-aider is called upon to attend, are wounds.

The main object in the antiseptic treatment of wounds is to prevent microofo-anisms or germs from entering, and to any or'these minute organi'sms which may be 1 resent in the wound. These small bodies cause the wound to suppurate or form matter, prevent healing, and may lead to blood poisoning.

The usual antiseptics and disinfectants at pre!--,ent popular although to some extent cffect i\ e in producing- temporary antisepsis, fail to give full results becau e their antiseptic powers d pend entirely upon their caustic and tonic properties. These properties certainly cause destruction of infective org-anic.;;ns, but they destroy cell-tissue at the same time. thus defeating their aim, which is to obtain sterility combined with cell proliferation and clear-rapid healing. ' Yadil ' . \ntiseptic promotes th growth of healthy t is')ue.

, Yac1il' gives those results ,,-ithout the objections mentioned above, because it is not a coal tar or mineral c1erivati\'e but is entirely of harmless vegetabl orig-in. It is equal to carbolic acid in g-crmicic1al strength

, Yaclil' "\nti septic is the original antiseptic, made [rom natural essential oil of garlic.

There is a vo latile oil in garlic known as allyl sulphide. This oil is powerfully antiseptic It is thrown off by the lungs and the skin. I t is freely absorbed by the skin and penetrates right throug-h the system to the deeper tissues. H ere is a demonstration of this fact:

Food for INFANTS, INVALIDS & the AGED.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention "First Ald."

Crush a few garlic cloves and tie them like a poultice on the sole of the foot. After about twenty minutes the taste of garlic will be noticeable in the mouth. This signifies that the quintessence of garlic has penetrated the skin of the foot, being taken up by the blood and the lymphatics, and carried by Pronounce

them throughout the body until the lungs and slzin give it off into the air. Every tissue of the body, including the glands, will have been bathed in what has been proved to be a powerful antiseptic and febrifuge.

The following properties of 'Yadil' antiseptic will strongly ;appeal to all ambulance students.

1. The administration of 'Yadil' IS simple and requires no complicated mtthods.

2. It can be used freely internally and exte rnally, over long periods, without the slightest risk of injury to delicate cell-tissues.

3. It is positively non -poisonous, non-caustic and non -irritant.

4. It is highly penetrative and reaches deep -seated infections, destroying them. It prevents comphcations.

5. It is rapidly absorbed by the blood, through which it passes unchanged, until e xcretion takes place by skin, lungs and It never accumulates in the system.

6. It does not hinder natural healing processes, but assists nature and accelerates granulation, thus ensuring rapid and complete h e aling.

1. It does not stain or deteriorate, and is not inflammable.

8. It is a powerful deodoriser, and mixes in all proportions with water, alcohol or ether.

9. It can be handled with safety even by childre n.

10 It destroys all diseas" germs in tle system.

The members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade will find TH E Y ADIL BOOK a valuable addition to their library. It contains I9 2 pages, well printed, on fine paper, beautifully illustrated, cloth bound, and published at 2/6. Or a copy will be sent gratis and post free if you will fill in your name and address on card wrapped round the 6 oz. and laraer sizes of ' Yadil ' Antiseptic. b

'Yadil' is sold in amber bottles with name, size, and price plainly printed on corn-coloured wrapper , 2 oz., 2/ -, 6 oz., 3/ 6 , pint, 9/ 6 , quart, I7/-. Postage 4d., 6d., 9d . and I/-. F rom all chemists including all branches of Boots.

Interesting booklet sent post free on request. Address, Clement & Johnson Limited, Research Medical Chemists, I9, Sicilian Avenue, London, W, C. I. it YAH-DIL.

Wlztnever we have produced an antisep tic which can be taken internally without risk of injurv to ,;eI! tissue, we wi!1 have conquered infectious disease."-LoRD

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Problems lu Study, Treatment and EIamlnation solved lor Senior Students. 'r Wit/lO ut d oubt tlu book will be 0/great service n tlu tra n i ng- 0/ those /0" whom it is derz» n ed. "-BRrTrsH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

OOMMON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID.

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WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID.

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Dlfflcnltles In Stndy and Treatment lIolved by QnestioD and Answer. rr W e commend tltis book o L ec u YeYs a n d St u dent$ wh.o will find it 0/ g-rrat "-F RST AID.

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AN INDEX OF IFIRST-AID.

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FIRST'AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS.

Thir teen ( I to 12 and J4 on R oll er. Post free , 3&. 9d. ne t. No 1 3 (se pa rately ) Male and Female Genital Organs, IS THE COMPLETE MANIKIN.

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INDEX.

A

Acting Chief Commissioner, S.j .A.B., 223

Air Ambulance in Vvar, 183

"

Altruism Still Lives," 225

Ambulance Arrangements at British Empire Exhibition, l35

" Department of the Order of St. John of J erusalt!m

as a Civic Welfare Auxiliary, 26, 48

Gathering at Brecon, 180

Gathering at Chester, 36

1nspection, 58

Lecture at North Shields, 222

)I Library, 8.)

" Work on the G.W.R., 198

AMBULANCE NEW S CUTTI:\'GS-

Ambulance Scandal, 81

Batsman Goes on Fire, 14

Broken Spine, 5::;

Child's Fatal 1 uugue Bite, 180

Death by Chance, 232

Death Through Fear, I Lj.

Fancy Dress Death, 81

Flaa:es from Pocket, 292

Flyim; Home to Die, 29

" Gassed" by a Motor Car, 292

Girder Crawl Rescue, 153

Girls Aid Blazing Man, 114

Gunpowder for Snake Bite, 181

Ktll by Ylill Sail, 232

Kill by Fear of Suicide, 180

Married on a Stretcher, J 4

Medicine on Tap, 114

Patient and the Ambulance, 29

Rescue by Chance, 232

Saved by a " Pl!able" Rib, 153

Suspended in Mid Air, 53

)) in Tree Top, 53

Tests for Drunkenness, 55

Two Girls Seriously Burnl at Fancy Dress Parade J 32

Unusual Cause of Fracture, 55 '

Woman's Endurance, 200 " False Teeth, 132 Hoax, 200 " Ordeal, 20 )

Another G.W.R. Record, 173 B

Division Gala, Sports and Field Day, 52 BreVities, 8, 30, 82,106,130,154,178,202,226 Brigade Appointments, &c., 280 Bristol Centre CompetitIOn, 29

and B<ldrun, 272

INDEX.

Ft ',r ence Nightingale, 84 FOlreword by H.R. H. The Grand Prior, 269

, G

,

G a.nd Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of \ G Jerusalem in England, 27 0

V. R. Centre of the S.J.A.A ., 53

fief. H

lth Visitor, 80

.ory of the Royal Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve, 103, 126, 15 2 ,175 , of the V.A.D., 272 Day, The, 4 II our of Ambulance Classes, 169 Hy::. teria, 2S

I India, 5; Insulin at Wembley, :>.+6 Intelnational Conference of Red Cross Societies 47 Inter-Railway CompetitIOns, 1924.252

c

Camp Hospital, 233

Care of Colds, 7 City of Bristol Corps, 242 Competition Finals, 279

Crippled Ipswich Good Samaritan, 162 D

Death of Mr. \\ Rea Edwards, 225

223

J ., John Playe r Ambulance Shield Competition The 113 Juint Council Church Appeal, I,) r "

K

" Keep Smiling," 139

L

Lat e Sir Edward Ridsdale, The, 51 League of :'Ilerey, The, 85 TO THE EDITOR ;-

Air Defen ces and an Ambulance Reserve, 200, 260 Ambulance League, An, 84, 199,234 Man's DIary, 54 , Signs, 54 Appeal for Help, An, 261

.\rt1l1<::lal Respiration to a Dog, 162 Australian R::ttlway Competition, 138 Dan el of Matches, 37 Essay Competition, 138 Exposure of Simple Fracture

Particulars of Underground Ambulance Carriage Invented by Corps Officer Samuel Jones, 136 Personal Advantages of First Aid, 287

PRACTICAL POINTS ;-

Act of Bravery, An, 13

Act of Self-Sacrifice, 13

Curious Fatal Accident, 28

Delayed Symptoms with Fractured Base, 13 8 " " with H <l: morrhage, 138

Delayed Sympto:ns with Knee Injury, 138

Ethics in First Aid, 58

First Aid with Efficiency, 28

Rescue from Death, 164 " " Drowning, 164

Saved by Her Father, 261 " Heel, 261 " " Son, 261

Uses of Dexterity, 233 " Discrimination, 233 " Resourcefulness, 233

Prince of Wales's District Inspecllon, 283

PRIORY FOR WALESBrigade News,S, 34, 60, 86, 109,133,15 8,181,206, 230 255, 28 4 Centre Reports, 6, 35, 62, 87, 110, 134, 159, 182, 208, 23 1 256, 286

General Interest,s, 34, 60, 86, 109,133. 1 58,181,206,230, 255, 284 News in Brief, 7, 35, 62, 90, 112, 1'35, I6r, 183,209,232, 256, 286

Royall'lational Eisteddod of \-Vales, The, 62 Q

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORR!£SPOND!£NTS :ActIOn of I nvoluntary 91, 116

Another Examination Howler, 262 Apoplexy and Fractured Femur, 186

Avulsion of Scalp, 234 AXillary Bleeding and Fractured Scapula, 263 Bites of Rabid Animals, 289 Bleeding from Femoral Ant=ry, ] 86 " " Nose, 211 " Palm of Hand, J 86

Prevention, 45

217

and First Aid, J 21

Conference, NO.4, 73

Aid on Railways, 217

Future of the Inter-Railway Ambulance Competition 97

Lack of Probationers, 166 ' Looking Forward, 269 Railway Ambulance \Vork, 241

Resip-nation of Sir Tames Andrew Clark, 145 R.N.A.S.B.R. Safety in Mines, 73 Samaritan Spirit, The, 193

Stimulating Interest in Bngade Work 21

Effects of Electric Shock on the Human S'ystem, r47

F

First Aid ancl Accident Record, 53

" Cupboards at Messrs. J. S. Fry & Sons, Ltd. Factory, 259 in Dublin, 12 in India, 53

Knowledge in the Metropolitan Police J 14

Outfit for Motorists, :?oOI

Well Rendered, 25 with Ceylon Police, J 63

First Aid in Public Schools ;4 [q ;n Schools, 54 , Mnemonics, 162 ., to Animals, 14, 37 I) to Footballers, 37 Medal for Service dUring the War, A, 234, 260 11; r. 1.3ald WID 'S Honours List, [99 urslng Sisters Uniform, The, 84 Our Stores Department, 162 Password for the S.J.A.B., A, 54 a Motor Am bulance, S4 ReSignatIOn of Dame Oliver, 162

V.A.D. Scheme, The, 260 What is Ambulance Duty, 54 Workmen 's Compensation Act, :!oo

L. M. & S. Rail way, 49 London Ambulance Service, 21 54 I) Street Accidents, 217 Louder Ambulance Signals, 21 N New Austin Ambulance, r 5 News from Chapter-General, 271 o

Oldest Ambulance 'vVorker on the G.W.R., l48 Our Competition, 80 " Essay Competitions, 45 " Essay Competition (N o. J), 102, 136, 148 " ,,(No.2), 177,209,229,258 " (No.3), 28 3

Brigade Nursing Badge, 165 Bullet Wound in Leg, 64

Causes of Syncope, 90

Competitor's PlaIDt, A, 2 I Complicated FracLure of Ribs and Fractured Arm 2] Compound Complicated Competition Test, 289 " " Fracture of Tibia, 263 Control of Femoral Artery, 116 Curious Football Occurrence, A, 187

Cyanide Gauze and Iodine, 164 Dangers of Burn'>, 21 I

Death by Lightning, 236

Demonstrators Certificates, IS Dewar Final, The, I8 Dressings in First Aid, ] IS Ethics of First Aid, 262

Examination Howler, 39, 64, 90, uS, 140, I64, 185, 2I 1 235, 262, 289

Exposure of Simple Fracture, 65 Extension Compound Fractures, 185 " With Compound Fractures, 290 Foreign Body in Jose, 91

Fracture Involving Elbow Joint, 165 " of Patella and Fibia, 262 Shoulder, 6+ " Tip of Elbow, 165 " without Loss of Power, 40 Fractured Clavicle Amp?tated Arm, I4 " II WIth AxIllary Bleeding, I4 " Forearms and Wound of Abdomen 212 " Sp ine with Abdominal Wound 32 Fractures at Elbow Joint, 65 of Clavicle and Humerus, 186

Fractul es of Cl,wicle and Scapula, 16 4 " of RIbs and Clavicle, 263

Fractures of Scapula, Clavicle and Humerus, " " Ul na and Humerus, 15

Fumes {rom Lead Processes, 211

Function of Brain, [5

Hrcmorrhage with Asphyxia, 289

Home Offi c e Instructions, 236

I mmediate Removal of Fracture Cases, 312

I mprovised Splint, An, 116

Inju ries to Eye, 140

Inter- Action of Vital Function, 39

Inter-Railway Preliminary Tests, 39

Iodine with ",Younds, 65

KlOds of Insensibility, r 40

Knots of Arm 140

Lifting of Patient, 211

;\lost ::;erious Fracture, 39

•. Nurses' Bowl" Test 18

Oil for Eye Injuries, ;II

Penalties in Competition, 289

Permanganate of Potash Poisoning, 91

Petrol for \Vounds, 290

Picric Acid for Burns, 38

Poisoning by Hydrochloric Acid, 185 " " Oxalic Acid, I 5

POwers uf Observation, 91

Realism in Competition, :>62

Ribbons and Medals, 187

R (.J A S. B. R, 187

Roller Bandage for Lower Limb, 38

Samples of Iodine, 235

ServIce Medal, 42

Shock from Abdominal Injury, 64 " or Malingering, 187

Signs and Syrrptoms of Alcoholism, 38 of Approaching Death, 16

., Cyanide Poisoning, 235

Some Causes of Asphyxia, 289

Spontaneous Fracture, I IS

St. John Sling, 16 5

Stretcher Drill, 2 0

Surroundings with Flactured Leg, 14

Test for Carbon Dioxide, r64

Testing a Stretcher, 263

Travprses for Improvised 212

Treatment of Abdominal Wound, 165

" Apoplexy, 64, 290

" Aspirin Poisoning, 65, 9 0

" Bleeding Nosl', 40

" Burns, 234 · 263

., Choking, 38

" Compression, 290

" Concussiun, 39, 90

" Dislocated Elbow, 140

" Epilepsy, 40, 65, 116

" Fracture, 64

" Fractured Base, 18,65

" Elbow, 290 Femur, 16

" Patella, 38, 290

" Fractures, 263

" Hanging, 40

" Insensibil ity, 260

,. Joint Injury II6

" Lysol Burns, LlO

" Prussic Acid Poisoning, 235

" Rat Bite, 140

Snake Bite, 18

" Special Pois ons, 235

Wounded Elbow, 185 Wounds, 235

INDEX.

186

Use of Handkerchief Resp irator, 40 Iodine Ampoules, 40 " for Wounds, 289

" Smelling Salts, 290

U 3es of Collodion, 186

" Witch-Hazel, 187

Walking with Fractured Knee-cap, 38 Yet Another Howler, 263 R

Railway Ambulance, 184, 20r, 211,246

REVIEWS :-

American National Red Cross, 21 Z

Atlas of the :vIale IIuman Body, 212

Boys' Brigade Ambulance Handb'lok, 161

British urse in Peace and War, 113

First Aid Ready Re feren ce, 288

First Red Cross, 5 Health BuildlOg and Life Extension, 26 (

Ideal Health VIsitor, 185

I ndian Manual of First AId, 1 13

Man's Mental Evolution, Past and Future, 261 Manual of I nstruction of the Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff, 8r

Massage in Fractures and [njuries to J ointc:, 5 [ MedIcal History ()f the War, 229

"Nursing Mirror)) Pocket Ency:lop,cdia, 16I

Pocket Ambulance Remembrancer, 185

"R.ad iolog y for Nurses, [J 3 Straight Talks to Women, 288 Why and Wherefore in First Aid,S 1 s St. John Ambulance ,\c;sociation, 113, 129. 229 Hrig-ade Competitions ( 1-'IOClI ), 276 Brigade in Ireland, 12

r\i\IDULA TeR G,\ZI£TTE:-

&c., 9,31,57,83,107,13[, 155, 179, 20 3, 227,2S3

Orders, 156 Fir::, Aid to the In jured, 58

Priory of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem In England, 31, 13r, 20 3

Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve, 33, 205 Safety First, 29

Brigade Orders, 157 Stimulants, 10

John Ambulance Brigade Overseas, 28 3 St. John's Day, 10 Teeth and Health, 33

for Internal 108

I nteresting Reports, S6 v

Notes and News, I, 33

Scheme, 153 Visit to Plymouth, 173, 228

Work, 63 Why First Aid Should be Taught in Elementary Schools, 27 Workmen's Compensation Act, 1924, 174

at" E4ililltl. 'h,lIy/f6fJJsed. THOUSe,Jf».

W'u4.JO.I Jlk,,,aIt6IU, tlHlU CQ/4Um. Suff Boalps, net, or Limp Leather, ./a aet; PJ&t

:if" .J.dDflIU.lII

.AtHhda"" HfMd"-fl, BY P. 4.

B.A., M.B., MaJor. R.A..Ai£.(T), T.D., AND A. 'C. )[ D., F.J..C.S., Naifif' R.A.M.e.{T.), RM. ., One of the mOlt coQcise worb on thelu!!iectpublisbodata'popu. lar price.' -Ji'i"l1 A. ;11/nr'tuU. :AL$O

FI T AID

- AND THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

NOTICE TO READER.5.

••

FIRST AID)' WALL DlAGRAMI,

Size 2 ft. 2 in. X 3 ft. 4 in. Set of 19 Sheetaoo

Rethlcul RejwrHl"wtio" K. toagli cartridge paper, with Roller.

STRETCHER

Medical Officers .f Health, Doctors to .schools and etc., and Practitioners whose surgeries are in the neighbourhood of Railway Statl.os, Factories or in localities whete accidents are of frequent occurtence, should carefutly consider this exceptional offer of Regulation Army Pattern Stletchers, complete with pillow and 1-51 carriers' shoulder straps. These Stretc:hers are brand new,... exceedingly strong and • well-made of the qua1i\Y mually seld at £ 2 I5S. Gyers' Speciaf hice 155. each, , , carriage free. "pecial quotatiens tor Carriage free. quantities. Medical men should see that all factories, stores, workshops, schoels, etc., in which they are interested are equipped with these easily mobile Stretchers.

FIRST AID is pnblished on the 20th 9' each month. The Annual Subscription Is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement o. Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the fovement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily for tub/ieatiort) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CAN ON STREKT, LONDON, E.c. 4.

7 ele.:;raphie Address: "Twentll-/our, London. JJ 7 elephone No. 5477 Bank.

IT 1, to read such a glowing R..N.A.5.B.R.. report for 1922 to th " from the Inspecting Medical Officer on the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve. This Reserve is exclusively confined to members of the S J.A.B, and It satisfactory to read that it is so efficie nt, and ready for immediate service, for it spelks well fo r th e training which its members undergo with their divisional units throughout the year.

The Reserve steadily incr ease d in numbers during the year, in Decemb er, 1922, its strength stood at 1,093, while at the present day it is up to full strength l:1nd has a waiting list. During the year 840 m e n did a 7 days' course of training in R.N. Hospitals and H.M. ships-75 0 m e n in hospitals and 90 on ships. Training in hospital is much more popular with the Reservists than training in ships; this is accounted for by the fact that the work is more interesting, the surroundings are more pleasant, and, generally speaking, more attention is given to instruction

in the hospitals- Owing to the limited number of ships available for training purposes, and to the 1imited accommodation in these ships, the majority of the men must do their training in hospitals.

During the year 83 Corps and Divisions were inspected, and the inspecting officer expresses his apprecialion of the interest taken by the Corps and Divisional Supts. and other officers of the Brigade, and he states " that without th(;ir sympathetic co-operation the Reserve could not exist."

Several alterations in the Regulations have been made amongst these are t3at the maximum age of enlry in the Reserve has been reduced from 50 to 45, and the age of retirement has been advanced to 55· According to the Regulations, Reservists who transferred from the ratings of Junior Reserve Attendant and Senior Reserve Attendant to S. B. Attendant and Leading S. B. Attendant on the introduction of the new scheme in 19 21 will be excused the qualifying examination prescribed for one step in promotion. This means that S.B. Attendants and Leading S.B. Attendants who served in the war as Senior and Junior will be automatically advanced in January, 1924, but the Regulations do not provide for the regular advancement of more recently enrolled recruits beyond S.B. Attendants, and it is proposed to alter the R "gu lations in this respect.

It appears to be the general wish of the men undergoing training to have issued to them the appropriate Naval Uniform on repayment, and wear it during the course. This matter h:;s betn put befure the Admiralty, and approved Certificates of discharge showing length of service, etc., are also being issued.

The Reserve is an attractive proposition, and St. John Headquarters are to be congratulated on administering it so efficiently.

The Regulations are undergoing a thorough revision with a to bringing them up-to·date.

The Hucknall Colliery Division held a social on June 30th. The occasion was taken to present the annual awards. Supt. Collingham presided,

!The 3und 31riorg of the Order of the )(ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in '&ngland. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

!The St. John J\mbulanee Srigade. Prince of Wales's District

COMMISSIONER: DISTRICT ORDERS.

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL AUGUST, 1923.

Sunday, 5th -No. 46 Division, Ilford. 12th.-No. 47 " L.B. & S.C.Rly., Willow Walk 19 th .- No 49 Erith and Distri c t. 26th.-No. 50 " Cheshunt and \Vaitham. " "

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

TO AGREEMENT between the ORDER and the BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY, dated 4th September, 1919.

The Ch ief Commissioner states that notification has been received from the Order that H.R.H. the Grand Prior has sanctioned the follow ing amendment to the above-named agreement being circulated :-

"That until otherwise agreed to by both parties, the following words in Clause 4 (c) of the Agreement be made inoperative: -

"but so that no appeal for funds or subscriptions shall be issued by the Order or Society without the sanction of the Joint Council, or of any authority in any area to whi ch i[ may from time to time delegate the power."

PUBLIC DUTY

The Chief Commissioner has sanctioned Corps Supt. Captain Gerhold acting in the capacity of Public Duty Officer of No.1 District with effect from 2nd July, 1923. All communications regarding public duty from ambulance divisions sent to headquarters will be addressed for the present to the Commissioner and marked outside "Public Duty Officer." The latter will address divisional officers direct on public duty matters without going throuelz the officer in charge of area and will sign on belta.,tf of the lady superintendent Will With the nursmg divisions. Local public duties Will contmue to be arranged for by the area officer and parade states forwarded to headquarters as before.

I t is proposed to repeat for August Bank Holiday the arrangements made for last Whit Monday. Divisions desiring any alteration will please communicate a t once with the public duty officer.

OF THE DISTRICT.

With reference to District Order 594, divisions in the central and Southern areas should address their correspondence for the present « Officer in charge of Central Area," and "Officer in charge of Southern A-ea" respectively at St. John's Gate.

THE ANNUA L C.HURCH PARADE.

The Commissioner has much pleasure in announcing that he has a communication from the Secretary of the Order with regard to the Chnrch Parade held at St. Clement Danes Church on St. John's Day. He says :-

" The men and their bearing were the admiration of all present, and I should like you to convey to them these expressions of pleasure and admirat ion from the many Members of the Order who were present. "

(Sig-ned) W. H. WINNY, Commt'ssioner,

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending ne\\ s paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

No. 2 District.

CALl\lORE.-The Calmore Nursing Division gave an interesting demonstration of first -aid and ambulance work at Calmore Village Hall on June 23rd. [iss Everett (Div. Supt.) inspired by Dr. Fisher (Co rps. Supt., Southampton), took the initiative and offered a silver challenge cup as a prize which must be won two years in succession by a team from the same division, and Miss H. C. Everitt (Ho n. Sec., Calmore N. D. ) offt'red a silver sugar basin on the same terms to the best nursing d ivisio n. Three teams from Redbridge and one from Southampton competed for the former, and a team of women from Southampton and two from Calmore competed for the latter, in both cases the Southampton teams \\.on. Miss Cairn (la te matron of Regent 's Park Hospital) presented th e prizes, adding silver gilt sleeve li nks ( her own gift ) for each man in the wtnning team, and a silver gilt safety pin (Miss H. C. Everett's gift) for each woman. Dr. Fisher and Dr. M'Keith (Ho n Secretary to the Southampton Centre) gave the" tests II and judged the work. Dr. Bottomley, O. B.E. (Acti ng Assistant Commissioner), 9r. B ennett, of Totton ( Hon. Surgeon to Calmore Nursipg DIvision ) and Dr. Argent Saunders (Ho n. Surgeon to Southampton ursing Division) were also present. Mr. Gillingham was presented with a walking stick as a grateful acknowledgment of his work in Redbridge. After the promoters of the competition had all been most cordially thanked, an earnest appeal was made by Dr. Fish er for a d ivi sion of ambulance men in Calmore and in Totton. It is hoped that the formation of such teams may be one practical result of the demonstration About TOO people then partook of the tea proviried by the Calmore ursing Division, and a group photograph was taken of all the "performers" and offi cers.

NO. 3 District.

WORCESTER. -Excitement ran h igh when news of a railway disaster at Blackheath between two pas s enger trains which had collided at the entrance of a tunnel was spread abroad. The scene was almost indescribable, engine overturned, steam escaping, passengers calling for help amidst the wreckage.

S.O.S. messages were sent out, and ambulance squads under officers and nursing sisters with their respective officers from the surrounding districts were soon upon the scene. In their trail followed motor ambulances and ambulance waggons. medical men having hurriedly arrived, soon got to work and organised transport for the serious cases, who, after a journey of a few miles, were settled down comfortably in hosp ital.

The above fortunately is not realistic but a scheme of training for the St. John Ambulance members and nursing divisions of the County of Worcester at the ir annual inspection held at Blackheath by the Chief Commissioner, Sir James Andrew Clarke, C.B.

Asst.-Com. Simpson (Worcester) and County Surgn. Darby (Worcester), P.M.O., together with Corp. Supt. Frank Somers in command, being responsible for the organisation of the First County Inspection of the S J.A.B. Corps and divisions in the County of Worcester, with Corps. Supt. C. Ollis CR.) as adiutant.

The corps and divisions of the North Worcester and Dudley and District Corps assembled at Bowley Regis station, G.W.R (Blackheath), at 3 p.m. on Saturday, July 7th, with ambulance transport and all necessary rPaterial for dealing with any serious case that might have occurred, and headed by the band of Messrs. T. W. Lench proceeded to Lench's recreation ground led by Capt. F. Summers. Many were the expressions of appreciation when the parade marched by the assembled crowds, especially when the nursing divisons passed Upon arrival the North Worcester along with the Dudley and District Corps and Nursing Division were formed into

July, 19 2 3.

-FIRST

columns of divisions, and upon the approach of the Chief Commissioner, gave the salute played by Lenches Boy Scouts, and tbe breaking of the Union Jack. This was followed by an inspection of all ranks by the Commissioner who allowed the nursing divisions und'!r Lady Supt. Ollis ( Dudley), Lady .3upt. Hodgetts (Brie rley Hill and Quarry Bank), and Lady Supt. Hamblett ( Lye ) to retire for a rest afrer their march to the ground North Worcester Corps under Corps Supt. Somers, Stewart, and Lloyds, under Ambulance Officers Hunter Langley, and. District. Supt. Greaves, Lenches, Supt Lightfoot, Rowley Regis, Supt. Chapman. The Chief Commissioner passi ng round commented upon the number of members who had served in the great war. Next came the inspection of the Dudl ey and District Corps, under Corps Supt. Raybould, Dudley under Supt. A. Winbow, Stourbridge Ambulance Officer Baker, Brierley Hill Sergt. Green, N etberton Supt. Harriss, Tipton Supt. Lakin, Lye Ambulance Officer Mills. followed by a party of long service members, Sergt. G. Brown being prominent with a c ert ifica te of 40 years' standing. march of co rps and officers then took place and upon Its completion a hollow square was formed with nursing division on the left. Music was rendered by the excellent band of Messrs. Lench's. The Chief Commissioner addressed

AID.

Assst.-Commr. Simpson addressing the assembly stated he was very well satisfied, and the way the records and returns were kept wer e a credit to all concerned, and expressed his thanks to the adjutant for the unknown time and trouble he had spent to make that day a success. He expressed the heartiest thanks to Mr. Harry Lench for the use of grounds and canteen.

County Surgn. Darby proposed a vote of thanks to his brother surgeons for their services; also to everyone who had helped to make the day the success it had been.

Lench responded and said he was very pleased to do anythmg to help forward the work of the S.] .A.B. in their efforts to assist humanity.

The adjutant closed by giving a word of praise where it was due, namely, to Supt. Lig-htfoot of Lenches, who acted as orderly officer; also to Staff-Sergt. Deboo (Ord. Sergt. ) and Sergt.-Major Webb, who he said had very much distinguished themselves that day.

NO.4 Disrrict.

ST. JOHN'S DAY ANNUAL CHURCH PARADE.-About 120

the gathering and expressed himself as sati::fied with the arra ngements but urging upon them to even do better and so mai ntain the efficiency of the S.] A.B.

Corps Supt. Summers then handed over his duties to County Surgeon Darby, P.M.O, who was assisted by I the medical office rs attached to various divisions, namely :-Messrs. Green, Ma.Jt land, MacQueen, Drake, Griffiths, helped to dispatch the palle nts afore-mentioned. Stretcher squads under various lead ers were speedily upon the scene of disaster rendered very real istic by pJles of debris strewn around to represent the smas h up.

A hospital was speedily erected by the combined efforts of Lady Supt. Ollis, Hodgetts, and Hamblett, who with their nu rsing sisters awaited the arrival of the cases.

The hospital was a source of interest to the assembled sp ectators.

Dr. Grey Maitland undertook the duties of transport officer Dr: MacQueen being in charge of hospital, Dr. Drake and Dr. Griffi ths being responsible for the treatment of cases.

The Chief Commissioner made his round of the hospital an d recommended or criticised as required.

When all cases had been cleared, all concerned partook of Le a served in the canteen of Messrs. Lenches and served under he supervision of Welfare Supt. Mr. Hill.

t.he Liverpool.Ambulance, Nursing and Cadet Nursmg DIVISions of the Brigade attended Divine Service at St. Nicholas' Parish Church nn Sunday, June 20th under the command of Captain Pugh, Supt. Liverpool Ambulance Division.

Amongst those present were Mr. Frank Tobin, Knight of Grace; Brigade Surgeon J. E. Nevins; Captain Pugh, Supt. Searl (B.A.T. Division; Supt. James (Liverpool South ); Lady Supt. Miss J. M( Cabe (Liv erpool Nursing Division ); Lady Supt. Miss Bellasis (Sefton Division); Lady Supt. Miss E. A. Craig ( Liverpool North); Lady Supt. Mrs. McNaught (BootIe Nursing Division) ; Ambulance Officers Garrity and Hopewell; Nursing Officers Miss Stewart, Mrs. Flegg, Miss Morrison and Mrs. Caunce.

notable feature was turn-out of the Cadet Nursing DIVISion attached to the Liverpool North Nursmg Division under Lady Supt. E. A. Craig.

The sermon was preached by the Rector of Liverpool and dealt. most approp:iately alleviation of it also a brief but IDterestmg sketch of the inceptIOn and hIstory of the Order of St. ] ohn of ] erusalem.

GIRL CADET SECTIOX OF THE BRIGHTON AND HOVE CORPS.

No. 5 District.

HUDDERSFIELD.-1I1embers of the Central and Nursing Divisions, held a succe,sful garden party on June 30th, in the R'rounds of Carr End, Dalton, which were lent by Councillor John Robson.

It wat; well attended, and \0 addition to the ambulance competitions there were sports and games. Tea was provided, and the fine weather was all that was necessary to ensure the success of the gathering.

In the competitions cups were presented by Sir Emmanuel Hoyle and Mr. J. \\7. Howarth, and the general standard of work was favourably commented on by the judges. The judges were Lieut. Col. Hammerton, Dewc;bury, and Dr. Beverley, Barnsley.

There were 12 entries in the men's competition.

The winners were Cleckheaton, with Batley B. second, and Brighouse B. third.

Winner of « Lady Hoyle" Rose Bowl, Miss Gladys N. G. Oldroyd, Ravensbo:.Jrne Division.

Individual Nursing Competition-I, 1\1rs. Petyt, Bradford City; 2, Miss G. N. G. Oldroyd, Ravensthorpe Division; 3, Miss Heslin, Brighouse Corps; 4, l\liss Brook, Bradford Tramways Division.

No.6

District.

Colonel W. C. Blackett, C.RE., Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John, last month presented the ,e Robert Anderson" cup to the successful competing section from the Dean and Chapter Colliery DIvision. This competition is open to all ambulance divisions of the brigade in No.6 district, and embodies tests in general smartness, section drill and stretcher drill, as well as actual stretcher tests.

Asst. Commr. Captain James Anderson, RA.M.C., M.A., M. B., Esquire of the Order, undertook the drill inspectlOll, and the stretcher tests were set and judged by Dr. Craig, of Dudley, Northumberland. The folle·wing is the personnel of the Dean and Chapter Team :-

Amb. Offr. \V. Johnstone, Sergt. W. Berriman, Corp. J. Redfern, Ptes. W. Butterfield, R Lowe, B. Stanley, J. Stanley, T. Peart, T. J. Pearson, J. E. Harley, A. Davies, R Binks, T. R. Horner, T. Owen, A. Dussey, A. Cockburn, \V. Bailey, and M. Attwood. The fnllowing were reserves :-Ptes. H. Thompson, J. Caffrey, H. D. Leathley, E. Stayman, G. L. Kell. No. 8 District.

BRIGHTON AND HovE.-Smartly turned out, the members of the Corps paraded on the eastern lawn of the Royal Pavilion on June 2nd, for their inspection by the Chief Commissioner, Sir James Clark, Bt, who was accompanied by Dr. Vernon DaVies, Commissioner for the District. Sir James expressed his complete satisfaction with the appearance of the Corps. He reminded the members that they inherited a precious heritage, for their Order was in existence a thousand years ago. A special fp.ature of the occasion was the presence of two newly-formed Cadet Divisions attached to the Hove Nursing Division. These are the first Cadet Divisions to be enrolled in the District, and the youn s people looked particularly smart in their uniform.

Another event of interest was the presentation by Sir William Gentle of a very handsome silver Challenge Cup for the men and a silver Loving Cup for the women for competition amongst the Sussex Divisions.

The Brighton and Hove Corps were specially honoured by the presence of the Lord Lieutenant of the County, Lord Leconsfield, and Canon Dormer Pierce, the Vicar of Brighton.

Sir \Villiam Gentle in presenting the two cups, referred to the presence of Lord Leconsfield as a tribute to the work of the Corps in Sussex. He regretted the unavoidable absence of Captain Coveton, the Assistant Commissioner for Sussex. Sir James Clark thanked Sir William Gentle for his most generous gifts, which by the interest that would result from the competition for the cups would make for better recruiting.

Lord Leconsfield expressed the thanks of those present to

Sir James for his presence. The cups were formally received by Corps Supt. Yates for the men, and Miss Mayhew, Lady District Officer for Sussex, for the women.

Corps Supt. Yates, by Corps Officer Vith'r and Corps Sergeant Marsh, marshal1ed the parade, which after the inspection and the presentation marched past. The various divisions were officered as follows :-

Supt. Parks, Have Ambulance Division, Supt. Calder, Brighton Police Ambulance Division, Supt. Fil1mer, Brighton Ambulance Division, Miss Field Comber, Hove Nursing Division, \liss Collinson, Preston Nursing- Division, :\1 iss Theobald, Brighton Nursing Divi <ion

The Blighton and Hove Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, held a Church Parade on Sunday evening, June ::qth (St. John Baptist Day ), at the Parish Church, Brighton. The Vicar of Brighton, Canon Dormer Pierce, gave an instructive address on " Modern Chivalry."

----. . The Hot Days.

SUNSTROKE HEAT PROSTRATION Ln Ill<: A\ BY ATTENTION TO HAllITS AND DIET. FII{ST :\11) STEP.') lOR TH".3l<: WHO ARE<:

WHENEVER a numbpr of very hot days follow in succession we usually SFe in the newspapers a list of people who havp died as a result of the heat, and of others who have been prostrated.

Heat prostration or heat Exhaustion is a collapse due to the effect of high t mperature on the body. It is most apt to occur when one has undertaken heavy or unusual physical exercise. It is milder in form and less serious in its after-effects than sunstroke, which is usually caused by prolonged exposure to the; rays of the sun.

In ca"es of heat exhaustion the temperature of th e patient rardy rises above- 103 d fg s Fahr. and may be b e low normal; the face is pale; the skin is cool and covered with a clammy perspirati o n, and the patient is conscious. Sunstroke on the other hand is marked by a temperature running as high as I a degs. Fahr. or 12 degs. Fahr.; the face is flushed; the skin is hot and dry, and unconsciousness comes at once, the patient often dropping as if struck by a bullet.

When a person collapses from the heat, the fir:.t thing to do is to call a doctor, but while waiting for him to r espond there are a number of things that can be done to make the pltient m')re comfort{ble and to give him a greater chance of recovery. In heat prostration the p:::rson effected be removed to ac; cool a place as possible, placed flat on the b3.ck with lhe head low and a light covering thrown over the body. A mild stimulant may be given. In cases of sunstroke, however, an effort should be made to lower the temperature of the body by icy packs on the head, ice water sponging of the body, 'ind, if necessary, a cold bath until the body temperature is lowered to around 102 degs. Fahr. and consciousness returns Under no conditions delay in calling a Dr. for cases of sunstroke may result fatally, and expert care must be given at once.

Through the generosity of the Home Joint Ambulance Committe<.:, anoth e r motor has been added to the fleet of the Plymouth and District Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association.

PRIORY FOR WALES.

Brigade News.

APP01NTMENTS, JUNE, 1923.

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Ambulance Committee :-

CARi\lARTHENSlIlRE CLNTRE.

Tybie Division.-WIlliam James Da'vles to be Divisional Supt. ( Probationary).

BOROUGH 01- Nl<:WPor,T CL

Alexandra Dock Dlvision.-Dr. WJ!!Jam Joseph Roche, B.Ch., to be DIVisional Surgeon.

Appointments sanctioned by CommiSSIoner for \Vales :-

C,\l'MARTHJ:t:N-,IIIRE CE:-1TRE.

Tybie Dlvision. - Pte. Brinley Richards to be Ambulance

Ufficer l'robat io nary ) and Secretal y; Pte. Evan GlblJon

Rogers to be Ambulan ce Offic.er (P robdt io naty ); Pte. J:tmes

Lewl:) Benyon to be S::rgeanl; Pte. Thomas \\ i1ll;lm Ret:> 10 he Sergeant; Pte. Harold DaV id Lt igh to be Corporal: Pte. John \\'yndham Richards tu be Corporal; Pte. Evans to be Corpol.!l; Pte. Oavld John DaVies to be Corporal.

GL DIOI'I;.\N'lIIIRI Cb.;q

Cwm Coll!et y D nSlon -DIVISional Secretary ;}r.d Sel gt Albert Grealrlx to be Sergeant.

RE LE, 'TRK

l'ontypool ,'onh Dlvlslon.-Sergt \V. J . .:'Ileredlth to be An bulance Oftieer for Cadet purposes.

l'ontypool Road O,\'ISIOI1. -Corp l. J. A, Hanman to be (S upernumerary )

BOROU(,11 01' J'\l<..\\ 1'0 l' CE TRl

J'\ewport l'ailway Divislon. -H enry 1\loth to be Corporal ( Supernumerary).

F\\, COI{1'') \ND Dl\ lSlON S.

GL.\:,\lOl{C_\NSIII Cr<:'\,TRK

Llynfi "alley Corps, compriSing the Caerau, l\laesteg (C entral ), Garth Maesteg, and 'a ntyffyllon Ambulance DIVisions.

Penallta Colliery Division.

Tantyffyllon Cadet Division. CENTRE.

Pontypool North Ambulance Cadet Division. BOROUGH OF RrrONDDA CENTRK Tydraw Ambulance Division. Ferndale Nursing Division.

SERYICE MED \L.

A Service Medal has been awarded to Anlbulance Officer J. Jonathan. of the Glynneath Division, Glamorga nshire Centre, for fifteen years effIcient service in the Brigade.

For th e six months ending June, 1923, the Priory ot Wales has iSSUi.d 7,000 am bulance certificatet'o The total number issued for the year 1922 was 5,466. N ew classes are being es tablish e d in many r emo te centres, as well as in the industrial areas.

General Interest.

MOTOR SPEED TRIAL COMPETITIONS.

THE South Wales Automobile Club held motor speed trial competi tions at Porthcaw], on Fridav, June 29th, and on Saturday, June 30th, at Caerphilly. The Priory was asked to make anaogo::ments (or the attendance of some of the Brigade members to render FIrst Aid services, if This was accordingly clone, and, although the compttitions were very thrilling, happily no serious aCCIdents occurred. As no "gate Il was charged, the Committ ee invited tbe Priory to make collections and the ambulance units, not detailed for duty, appealed to the spectators for contributIOns, and their efforts were not in v.lin.

HOSP1TAL SUNDAY.

Hcspltal Sundaywas celebrattd in CarGiff on June 24 tb , when th"! rrtmbers of the Ambulmcr:-and Nursing Divi310ns In Cal d ff and Barry accomplnicd the Le;rd Mayor (Aldernpl.n Dr J. ]. E. Biggs) In the ciVIC processi o n. The parade; wa" under the comwand of T. E Richards, p Jrtcd ;;y Ll.dy Staff Officer :VI. Metcalf, R.R c., Staff Officer!-', Dr. D d..; Ver\:! Hunt, and Bernard E Mabedcy.

ROYAL WELSH AGRIC;ULTUIV L SHOW.

The Royal Welsh Agricultural Show will he held at W" lsh pJol un lht! 25th, 26th, and 27th July, and the Priory is nect"ssary ambulance arrangements. The lucal work Will be organised by Dr. R. D. Thomas, Corps Surgt::on of the Powyslanl Corps and acting Lldy Suptrmt- ndtnt L B of the Welsh pool Nursing Division, who \V,1l post ambulance and nursing members for duty in the of the Priory's motor ambulances will also be statluned nn the Show Ground as it has been found OJ simtlar occas!ons a great boon t) have a car ready to tramp )rt any senous cas "' 'fhis work is by Committe:.s of shows and public functions as an essential in their arrangements.

To proprietors of theatres and cin emas in Cardiff hav:? acccpkd Priory's offer to arrange for two or more quail fied mem to be in a ttendance at all performances, and this is now being done by local mem bers of the a'llbulancc.. and nursing units with very beneficial resul:s. PRIZE DRAWING.

Sir William Diam'1nd, K C B E., cver a meeting of th e Priu Drawing Committee on Thursday, June 29 h, held at Priory House, 4, Cathedral--oad, Cardiff, .supported by Mr. Thomas Wait, Organiser, Captain F. P. Robathan, M.C., S ,: cretary, and 1\1r. Thomas H. Jones, Treasurer.

The winner of the first Mr. Storm, 208, Mackintosh place, Cardiff, who held TIcket No. 3652, became the glad pJfs:sS)r of the much-coveted Scott motor cycle and side-car. The s cond prize, Ticket NO·9· 5, a Royal Enfidd motor cycle, was drawn by Miss Blodwen Matthews, 19, Johr-street, Cefn Cribbwr. MISS MaHhew is a little scho J lgiri of eleven yeus, and it is hoped fortune wlll always favour her as kindly. Ticket No. 14406, which drew the third prize, a B. S. A. bicycle, was held by Miss Nancy Adams, IS, Foundry-road, Hopkinstown, Ponty-

pridd, who, unfortunately, is blind and a cripple. To be able to cast a gleam of sunshine into such lives is indeed a pleasure". Eat.h of the twelve were well distributed, and a substantial sum was raised for the support of the activities of the Priory.

Sir. WIlliam Diamond, who is Chairman of the Cardiff Royal Infirmary, said it gave him great pleasure to preside as he felt there was a common bond between the King Ed:var? V!I. !"i0spital and the Priory for Wales; both of which w?rked with one aim and for one purpose, the amelIoratlOn of human suffering. He pointed out that one only needed to remember the value of the tram port service of the Priory which provid{d ambuhnce cars lor the sick to appreciate what a great public advantage the proposed extension of the scheme would be and the Medical Comforts Depots were an acknowledged 'benefit to the populace generally. Reference was also made to tbe Priory's care for ex-service men for whom it maintained hostels and .where they were provided with not only ot.c::ssltLes but with entel t:llOments and some luxuries. He felt the educational side of the work was one of the most splendid branches, and the practical instances such as the r 83 cases dealt with by ambulance men and women of the Priory on occasion of. the Corpus Christi procession and the fi st aid work done m the recent colliery disaster at Tnm')aran were sufficient evidence of its immtnse value.

In the .absence of the Principal Secretary (Sir Herbert D "'!. K B.E.), Mr. Wait proposed a vote of thanks to SIr WIlham DIamond for presiding. Appreciation was also expressed of the energetic assistance of Mr. Wait the who, it was said, was always closely Clated w!th any worthy charitable work.

AMBULANCR DEPARTMENL

Although the summc:r months do not easily lend themst:lves to study, tbe number of Class Examinations held fall ?ff very sli.ghtly During the month of June Examinations

FIrst AI?, Nursing and Horne Hygiene were held 10 connectlOn with the following classes:-

P crc Talbot Docks, G.W . R.; Aberdar; Cardiff

L')cdl, G W.R.; Tondu, G.W.R. , Newtown, G.W.R.; Cwmaman (Men) Glyncorrwg, Caerau, Mountain Ash, Pencader, Ebbw Vale, Cwmaman (Ladies) Danygraig, G W.R.; Swansea, L.M.S R,; Rhymney, Newport, Pontypool, Glynnt:ath, G :-V R.; Bargoed, G.W. R ; Puntypool Re-cxam. Llamshen G W R Aberbeeg, G. \V R. Cardiff.' ,. , In \V dit.S, p =. rhaps more than in most districts the need ()f a knowl.e dge of fil st aid is ever apparent. Disasters, such as that which occurred at Colliery In Carmal ImprtS5 upon the public the very real neej uf persons qualified in first aid. Many of the mtn t.ngie't::d at the Colliery were memb ers of the St John Ambulance and they rendered very a s·istance on this occasion.

BRIGADE STAFF MEETING.

A meeting of the B ri g-ide Staff was held at Priory on Thursday, June, when a splendid rally at bllgade officers, some of whom travelled distanC e s of 70 IlllltS gathered Among those present were :-G. Oliver, .Esq., presiding (Newp)rt), \Y. Goddard, (Pontypndd), J. H. DaVIes, Esq. c.fylontown) Ge0. PaynE', .E q. (Pcnygraig), John Rickards

b>,y.! J. DaVies! E'q., Major F. T. Rees, M.e. (C ardiff), C. 1. Hurry Riches, Esq. (Caerphilly), Capt. S. T. Beard (Abt rgavenny), J. R. Davies, Esq, Dr. S. Glanville

AID. -

Morris (Mardy), F. R. Hortop, Esq. (Barry), Lemuel Jones, Esq (Aberavon), Miss M. Metcalf, R.R.e. (Cardiff), T. D. EnrIght, Esq. (Cre philly), Dr. D. de Vere Hunt (Cardiff), W. E. Abraham, Esq. (Rhondda), T. J. Evans, E q. Hugh S. Cann, Esq. (Swansea), W. H. Fi'5her, Esq., Tom Morris, Esq., T. Ajax L ' wis, Esq. (Pontyclun), W . .F. Townsend, Esq., R. Hewer, Esq., B. E. Maberley, Esq. (Cardiff), W. ]. Morgan) E<q., D. Evans, Esq., G. J. Rowlands, (N ewpon), C. Gronow, Esq. (N ewpoTl), Capt. T. H. Bufton, D. J. Francis, Esq., A. J. Esmond (Briton Dr. R. Milne (Mountain Ash), Gomer Da\-lts, Esq, the PrInCIpal Secretary, Sir Herbert Lewis, K B.E , and by inVItation, Professor E. L. Collis.

A most interesting agenda was prepared and a large volume of Brigade business dealt with.

It was decided not to hold a Brigadp. Carr,p of Instruction year owing to the shortage of water at Porthcawl, but It was proposed the St. John Ambulance BrIgade members should join the 53rd Division of the Territorial Army.

On a suggestion made by the D, puty Lady Supt. for Wales (L:ldy Lewis, O.B E) it was agreed to arrange for names and addresses of nursing members to be posted 10 Doctors' Surgeries, Police Stations, and in the offices of District and Village Nurses. In this way th ey could be of greClt service, especially in the villages, where district nurses often have more work than th ey can cope with. A SimIlar course was adopt( d some years ago in connection w,ith the influenza and the doctors greatly appreCIated the he.lp given. Without encroaching upon the nghts of nursIng associations, there is an abundance of work which could be carried out by members of the Brigade'. Only recently, the Matron of the ardiff City Lodge Infirmary asked for nurses t o supplement her staff who had been workin g night and day in connection with some cases of opium pOIsoning. Local mem bers of the ambulance and nursing divisions volunteered for this duty, and the Matron ex pressed a warm tribute of gratitude to the Priory for its assistance.

Centre Reports.

CENTRE.

A G. E. J. FUDGE, of Newport, conducted the annual IOspectlOn of and District Corps on Saturday, June 16th, at VlrglDIa Park, Caerphilly. This sub-district IS the control of Mr. C T. Hurry Riches, and the Officer-In-Command of the Corps is Dr. R. C Robertson of Llanbradacb.

BOROUGH OF MERTHYR CENTRE

The Taff Valley and Dowlais Corps were inspected on J 23 rd in the Ptnydarren Park, Merthyr, by the CommiSSIOner for Wales accompanied by Staff Ofricer Bernard Maberley of the City of The plTade, IOcluded the Mtrthrr Borough NurSlOg DIVision, numbered 25 o ,.and was a cred.It to the Commissioner, Chief Constable DaVIeS. The Chairman of the Centre, Mr. Tudor Davie s, welcomed the Commissioner for Wales and expressed at the large number of officers and men on parade. SerVIce Medals Wf're presented to :-Divisional Surgecn Dr. Lee, Corps Supt. W. Harry Jones, Corps Offictr DanIel DaVIes, and J. Jenkins (wbo was w.heeled on to the Parade Ground In a bath chair to receive hls award), Sergeant J. Morgan, Divisional Secretary and

July, 19 2 3. -FIRST

Sergeant J. Evans and Supt. A. E. Chance. The Commissioner for Wales complimented the men and women on their efficiency and general smartness, and congratulated them on the large number of Service Medals awarded.

BOROUGH OF RHONDDA CENTRE.

On Saturday, June 9th, Ambulance and Nursing Competitions for the "Willis" Challeng e Cup and the Lady" Vaughan Williams" Cup respectively. There were nine competing teams for the "Willis" Cup, whi:h was won by the Llwynpia Division, captained by Sergeant D. O. Williams, and the Fernhill Nursing Division was successful in the nursing competition.

The "Peter Haig Thomas" Shield which was presen ted for annual competition by teams from the Ferndale, Tylorstown, C re deley, Llwynypia, Cam brian and Naval and Penygraig District Divisions, was competed for on 16th June at Tylorstown. At the request of the Commissioner of the Borough of Rhondda Centre (Captain T. E. Richards), J. J. MacLeod Carey, H.M. Inspector of Mine s presided, and this trophy was won by the Tonyrefail Division.

ABERDARE CENTRE.

The annual competitions for the "Milne" Bowl value d at 100 guineas and "Ogilvie" Cup were held at Aberama n on 9th June. Dr. D. F. Thomas of Taff's Well adjudicate d . The "Ogilvie " Cup, presented by Dr. J. e. Ogilvie, and open to teams of the Cynon Valley Corp s With less than two years practice in ambulance work, was won by the Abercynon team; and the" Milne" Cup, given by Dr. R. Baird the newly -appointed Comm i!>sioner of the Aberdare Centre, for competition to othe r mem bers of the Cynon Valley Corps, was won by the MountaIn Ash team, after being held for two years by the Abe raman ttam.

BOROUGH OF NEWPORT AND MONMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE.

His Worship the Mayor of Newport (Edwa rd Davies, Esq., J.P.), presided over a conference of ambulance and nursing members of the Monmouthshire and Borough of Newport Centres, held at the Am bulance Drill Hall, Dock Street, Newport, on Saturday, 30th June. He was supported by Major Genelal the Right Hon. Lord Treowen, CB., c.\1.G. (Lord Li e utenant of Monmouthshir e ), Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K B.E. (Commissioner (or Walts), G. Campbell Oliver (CommiSSIOner for the Borough of Newport Centre), Lady L twi s, O.B.E., Alderman T. H. Howell, J.P , and Captain T. E. Richards (Commissioner for the Borough of Rhondda Centre). There was a large and representativf' attendance including a number of cadets, and the members were cordially welcom e d by the Mayor. Many questions on matters concerning the Brigade were fully discussed, and satisfactorily d ea lt with. The Monmouthshire and Borough of N twpor t Centres entertained the delegates and visitors to tea, which was much appreciated.

These conferences are found to be very stimulating to brigade members and instrumental in obtaining fresh recruits, and it is proposed to arrange for one to be held in due course in every centre in Wales.

AID.- 7 News in Brief.

Captain S. T. Beard, O.B.E., Staff Officer, Monmouthshire Centre, has been nominated to represent the Priory on the Abergavenny Ex-Service Benevolent Committee. The Priory is specially interested in the care of ex-servicemen and has direct representation on all the local Advisory Committees recently set up by the United Services Fund for the co-ordination of tx-servicemen's societies.

A vellum vote of thanks awarded by the Chapter of the Priory on 1St March, 1923, was presented to David Thomas Morgans, of Ba.la, Merionethshire, at the Merionethshire Quarter Sessions by the Chairman, Sir Osmond WIlliams, Bart. Mr. Morgans has a very long record of ambulance service and well merited the recognition he received.

On the 30th June Corpl. E. Williams, of Abertysswg, passed away. Corp I. Wliliams was an enthusiastic member of the Abertysswg Division of the Monmouthshire Centre, and, prior to its formation, was for many years attached to Rhymney Division. His loss is deeply lamented by his colleagues and friends.

The Corps Secretary of the Pontypool Corps, Mr. G. H. N elnes, reports the death of the Corps Treasurer, Mr. R. T. Davies, whose If)SS is keenly felt by the Corps and members of the Great Western Railway Class, of which he was instructor Mr. Davies devoted thIrty years to ambulance work, and his valuable services were recognised by the Priory for 'Vales some three years ago, when he was appointecl l'I'1 H ")n orary Serving Brother of the Order. By his ways Mr. Davies endeared himself to young and old in hiS neighbourhood, where he was deeply respected, anJ received many a token of appreciation from his numerous fnends and ftllow workers.

Care of Colds.

COLDS are caused by g and whenever you develop a cold it means that these germs have begun to grow in your nose or throat and produce poisons that are absorbed into your body.

If you want to avoid colds in your house, watch for the first sneezes. Make the victim cough or sneeze into his handkerchief, and after the handkerchiefs are soiled, put them in a special dish, cover them with water, and boil them for fifteen minutes. Boil the spoons and dishes he uses and k Ee p him away from the preparation and hand ling of food that other people are to eat. Keep separate glasses for him. Remember that his hands are sure to be infected with "c o ld" germs and if they are carried to someone else's mouth, the next cas e will b e lIkely to follow. So make him wash his hands in running water before he handles things that other people us e, and make him wash his hands before eating and keep them and everything not clean out of his mouth.

In particular, the greatest care should be taken to protect babies from infection, since colds often lead to fatal disease in infants.-New York State Health Almanac.

The annual report of The Royal National Life-Boat Institution for 1922, which has just been published, shows that altogether 436 lives were saved from shipwreck round our coasts, and that the life- boats saved, or helped to save, from destruction, 25 boats and vessels.

The "DECORATORS' « PAINTERS' MAGAZINE" (15. monthly ) is THE trade paper for all interested.Publishing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C·4·

CONTENTS

AI D.- July, 1923.

ambulance stations and three ambulances in its one squ are mile, the County of London on ly provides seven am bulances for its 13 square miles. No wonder thev are rarely on hand when wanted. The Co ron e r pxpr e ssed d oubt wh ethe r 10 stations would b e suffici e nt for tbe whole of London.

"

.."

How a man can be X·rayed 10 his own home by means of the X-ray car sent out by the College of Ambulance was one of many absorbing demonstrations in an ambulance display beld in July in London at Royal Botanic Gardens, R egen ts Park, under the direction of Sir James Cantlie.

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The disp'ay was p ut of a vigorous c am paign by th e of Ambulanc to secure the recognition of the importance of First Aid instruction lO school chi ldren. Sir James Cantlie point"'d out that if "Thom as Atkin<;" had only b;en trained in this respect as Ib Germlr)s trained there would h a ve been far few:.r deaths frum wounds, and particular)) bcemorrhag e, in the late war.

".."

The sixtb annual report of the London "Sa f _l)' First" Common CounCil which wa'i at the l\lamion House meeting shows that the! kt::'Lnest interest is being displayed by the "Safety l" caLD· paign. In the past six y wars no fewer than 70 ,000 educational posters h:l.ve been to the public and those engaged in every branch of transport, oy the Council, and stat stlCS go to show tInt much ha-; b-en th ereby achieved in tne direction of accIJlnt

* * ..

The Council pleads for greater volunlny support in ord e r that its activities may not be restricted, and for th e good of all who use the streets of the Metropolis, it is highly desirable tbat this appeaL should .:. voke 1\ generous response.

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Brevities.

THE

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

St. John A m b ul a n ce Brig ade Sup ple m e nt.

Appointments, Etc.

JUNE, 1923.

The Chi e f Commissioner has sanctioned the following appoi ntments , promotions, transfe rs and resignations :-

PRINCE OF WALES'S DISTRICT.

Corps Supt. Capt. Gerhold to be Public Duty Officer for I Dlstnct with effect from 27.23

No. 2 (B romley ) Dlvision.- l-'te. Hubert David Burden to be Ambulanc e Officer, 22.6.23

Staff-Sergt. Harry Lockton to be Ambulance Officer, 20.5. 2 3

North Leicestershire Corps.- -Corps Supt. SIr Tohn Turner resigned, 19.6.23 , North Worcestershire Corps ( Stewarts and Lloyds D lvls ion ) .-Sergt. Thomas Hartley Hunter to be Ambulance Officer, 5.623

Warwicksh i re Corps ( City of Coventry Divis io n ).-S ergt. Richard Cooke to be Ambulance Offic er, 3.7. 2 3 Warw ic kshire Corps ( Three Spires N u rs tn g Division ). -

Annie Guest to be Lady Ambulance Offi c er , 8.6.23

No. 4 DISTRICT.

"

o. 5 orwood) ursing Division.-Mary Louise Potter to be Nursmg Officer, 9623 London Post Office Cor ps (M ount Pleasant Divis ion ).George Cuthb e rt elson Young e r , M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be DIVISiona l Surgeon, 22.6.23

o. '1:7 (S horedltch ) Ulvision .-John Livington Hamilton, M.C., S . ., to be Divisional Surgeon, 2.6.23

No. 10 (St. Mark's ) Division.-Ambulance Offic er James Joseph Chase to be DiVisional Supt., 2I.-+ 23

No. 38 Victoria) Division.- William Thomas Sandell to be Ambulance Officer, 19.6. 23

No. 44 ( cton) Dlvision .-S upt. Dalston g.ranted six months leav e of abs en c e from ].3.23

1 o. 2 DISTRICT.

Sandys Jackso n Charlesworth Holden, M. B., C h. B., D.P.H., to be County S:.:rgeon for the Co unty of Buckingham, 2.7. 2 3

Lady Divisional Su pt. Ethel K. Scott to be Lady D istrict Offic er for the County of Buckingham, 5.7.23

B ir kenhead C0rps (Y .}"I.C.A. and Clau g hton D ivision).Pte. Gerge Herbert W ilso n to be Ambulanc::e Officer, 28.5. 2 3 Blackburn Nursing D ivisi on.-Lady Ambulanc e Officer A. Baron transferred to the Br igad e Reserve, 11.6 23

Darwen Nursing Div ision .-D ivision al Su rgeon G W. Bury resigned, 14. 6 .23

Colne DivislOn.-Ambulance Officer H. Allum to be also Tr a nsport Offi c er, 9 7. 23

Hindley Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Mabel Fairbrother to be Lady Divisional Supt ., 29.6.23, vice Mrs. Watson resigned.

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Bradford Corps.-Div isional Surgeon Emily El iza Violet Glover, M.D., Ch.B., to be Lady Corps Supt., 28.6.23

Halifax and District Corps (Ki ng 's Cross Nurstng D lVlsion ).-Florence Ellen Wellman to be Lady Ambulan c e Officer, 18.5.23

Keighley Corps.-Ell ts Ratcliffe to be Corps Officer, 86.23

New Hucknell Collieries Corps.-Corps S upt. P Day transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 10 5 23

Aylesbury N urs ing D ivisi on. - Albert W ll iam Duncan Cov enton, M.D., F.R.C.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 12.623

Emily Morton to be La d y Ambulance Officer, 19 .6.23

Read i ng Division. -S tanley Charles Alcock, M.B., Ch. B

L.R.C.P .E., L.R.C.S.E., to be Division a l Surgeon, 7.6.23

Reading G.W.R. Division.- Sergt. George Arthur Williams to be Ambulance Officer, 8.6.23

Weston-super-Mare Corps ( Weston-super-Mare Division ).

- Sergt. Freder ick William Chapman to be Corps Sergt.-Major, 22.5. 2 3

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Corps ( City Tramways Division ) - Sergt.

Nottingham Corps (B eeston urs ing I? ivi sion ).-:-p ivisional Surgeon H. Gordon tran sferred from MIdland DIVISion, 14.6.2 3 vice Dr. C. Warner

Nottingham Corps ( Bulwell Divislon ). -Supt. L. SullIvan transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 2.1. 2 3 Nottingham Corps (C entral Nursing Division).-Gladys Eveline Clow to be Lady Divisional Supt ., 17.5. 2 3 Nott ing ham Corps ( City Nursing

Annie Gibson to be Lady Divisional Supt., 27.6.23, vIce Mrs. E. Grain transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 9:r. 2 Nottingham Corps (Robin Dlvision ).-Henry Vernon Taylor, M.B., Ch.B., to be DIVISional Surgeon, 25.6.23, vice Dr. Crawford resigned.

The lack

sufficient amLulances 1ll the County of L c ndon to deal WIth the constantly incr easi ng stream of a ccid ents was again shown at an inquest hc.ld last week on a chtld killed at the Elephan and Castle. Although close to an ambulance station, eig ht minut es elapsed before tb e ambulance arrived, owing to it being absent for otbtr service. Tl- e Coroner, Dr. Waldo, In his summing up, pointed out th at whtreas the City of London has two

It was pleasing to read in th e Exeter Express a lett er of thanks to the St. John Ambulance Brigade from a corr es p ondent who has had a leg fractured as a n:sult of a motor accicient. One has previously mentioned the many helprul actions of memb:rs of the Brigade which never see the light, and the one alluded to would hav e had to placed in the latter category, but for that public acknowledgment o f gratitude. Since his welcome introduction to the St. John men, express ,; d tbe writer of the l etter, he has several times b e en moved about by them, and at all tim es has be e n tr ea ted in an lxtre mely gentle way.

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N o. 70, Royal Borough of KensingL on Division, h el d a church parade on July 1St. The service was c ond uct e d by one of the vice -pres idents, R e v. G Higgins. Supt. R. W. Stone in charge of the parade.

Daniel Hardy to be Ambulance Officer, 7.7.23

Birmingham Corps ( Handsworth Division). - Pte. Arthur Richard Embrey to be Ambulance Officer, 13.6.23

K ettering Corps ( Cytringan Nursing Division).-Ambulance

Sister Vanda Kathleen Tansley to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 4. 6 2 3

Kettering Corps ( Desborough Division ).-Sergt. Frank Marlow to be Ambulance Officer, 4.6.23

Kettering Corps (Cadet Division ). -William Frederick Mandeville to be Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes.

Leicester Corps (J. L. King Division).-Ambulance Officer

Charles Obadiah Dixon to be Divisional Supt., 30 5.23

Scunthorpe Nursing Division.-Lady Supt. M. Ashdown reverted to Ambulance Sister at own request, 4. 6 23 Sheffield Corps (L.M. & S R. Division). -P te. John Gibson to be Ambulance Officer, 25. 6 23 Sheffield Corps (Stockbridge Di,·ision).-Arthur Evelyn Goldie M B. Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 25·6 23 Sp en ValIey Corps (Cleckheaton Nursing Division ).-Lady Supt. E. Sutherland resigned, 10 ·7·23

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Hough t on-l e -Spring Division.- John George Stokoe to be Divisi o nal Supt., 16.6 23

H u ll Cor ps (Trafalgar Cad e t Division ).-Sergt. Walter

George Hyett to be Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes, 9·/)·23Hull Corps (Trafalgar Cadet Nursing Division).-Arubulance Sister Martha E. Hyett to be Lady Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes, 25.5.23

Hull COrDS (West ern Cadet Division).-Pte. Robert Grassby Dearing to be Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes,

9. 6 2 3

Mid Durham Corps ( Pelton Colliery Dlvlslon).-Sergt. Walter James Frapwell to be Ambulance Officer, 20.6.23

Newcastle-on- Tyne Corps.-Sergt. Thomas R. Midgeley to be Corps Sergt.-Major, 9.6 23

North Durham Corps (Ga tesbead and Fell Division ).-

Nicholas Henderson Turner to be Ambulance Officer, 22.6.23

Throckley Colliery Division.-Guy Brougham Picton

M.B., B.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 12.6.23

Whitley Bay and Monkseat{)n Division.-Ambulance

Offic er F. Brown transferred to the Brigad-e Reserve, 23

No.8. DISTRICT.

Folkestone Division.-John Kindness, M.R.C.S.,L.R.C.P.,

M .P .S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 13.6.23

Guildtord Corps.-Corps Officer James William Lambert to be Corps Supt., 5.6.23

Corps Sergt.-Major Benjamin William Wells to be Corps Officer, 26.5.23

Brighton and Hove Corps (H ove Divis io n ).- Sergt. E.

James Jarrett Thompson to be Ambulance Officer, 11.6.23

No. 10 DI STRICT.

Ipswich Corps (Social Settlement Divisio'"1). -Ambulance

Officer James William Hutton to be bivisional Supt., IO.6.23

I pswich Corps ( St . John' s Division).-Ambulance Officer

William Lambert to be Divisional Supt., 10.623

No. I I DISTRICT.

Ashford Works Division.-Ambulance Officer Georg-e Henniker to be Divisiunal Supt., 6.6.23

Dover Division.-Sergt. James PIerce to be Ambulance Officer, 23.6.23

Queenborough Division.-Edward Reuben Russell Greenstreet to be Ambulance Officer, 24 6.23 Rye Division. -G eorge Ramsden to be Divisional Supt.,

13. 6.2 3

Martin Button, F.R.C.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 21.6.23

NEW DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named ;PRINCE OF WALES'S DISTRICT.

Gorringe Park Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 5.623

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Beaconsfield Section.-Sanctioned, 20523

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Harbury Section, Foleshill and Longford Division.-Sanctioned,9·7.23

Overseal Division.-Disbanded, 14.6.23

NO.4 DI STRICT.

Newtown and New Mills Nursing Divis ion. -Sa nctioned, 4.7. 2 3

NO.5 DI STRICT.

Rossington D ivision.- Sanctioned, 146.23

NO.6 DISIRICT.

Synthetic Ammonia Division.-Sanctioned, 5.7.21

De La Pole Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 4.7.23

Easington and District Division .-Disbanded, 4.7. 23

NO.9 DISTRICT

Liskeard Division.-Sanctioned, 3.7. 23

St. Ives Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 30.6.23

Withiel Ambulance and Nursing Divlsions......Disbanded, 10.7. 2 3

DEATHS.

Supt. R. Hendon, No. 22 ( Hospital Saturday Fund) Div ision.- 18.6.23

JAMES R. A. CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

St. John's Day.

THE Grand Pnory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England, held its Annual Festival on June 25th. The Anniversary Service was held at the Grand Church, Clerkenwell. Th e Sermon was preached by the Very Rev. The De::n of York, a Chaplain of the Order.

The Chapter -Ge neral headed by the Choir and Clergy walkeri in procession from the ancient Crypt to the Church.

After the Service the Gen e ral Ass em bly of the Ord e r was held at St. John 's Gate, when in the absenc e of H.R.H. The Duke of Connaught, Gr and Prior, and of Lord Scarborough, th e Sub-Prio r, Lieut. -Gene ral Sir Aylmer Hunter-Weston, the Senior Knight of Justic e present, presided. Major-Geoeral Sir Geoffrey Fielding, SecretaryGeneral The Earl of Shaftesbury, Director of the Ambulance Department, and Lieut.-Col. J. T. Woolrych Pcrowne, Honorary Secretary of the Order's Opth almic Hospi al at J erU'ialem, gave an account of the work of the Ordtr and its during the past year.

Stimulants.

I T may be that your class or Ambulance D ivision is stru ggl ing along with a mere hand-lo -mouth existence, working hard against the worst of all opponents.-ApATHY.

Minor accidents may fr eque ntly occur in your town, and more than likely Jiv f:: s have been saved by the r eady skilled action of Ambulance workers, but these incidents are too soon forgotten (except perhaps by the victim of accid ent and his or her relatives), but up to the present you have fortunat ely escaped those calaml.t ies which sometimes plunge a town suddenly IOtO mourOlng, and inflict agonising injuries on numerous individuals. I refer to colliery explosions, mill fires and similar catastrophies.

It is also possib le that your tewn was fortunate 10 escaping those horrible visitations of a few years ago, i.e., raids by enemy air-c raft or submarine. Hostile events such as our colleagu e s in Ireland hav e very frequently had to contend with have n e ver come your way. Therefore, th e real work done by the Ambulance movement has not been so prominently before the eyes of your tc..wnspeople as it may be some day.

Hence the apath y ! Now you may ask for the remedy ! District Officer C. Hanmer, the Official Touring Demonstrator of the St. John Ambulance Association, is a past master in the art of administering just the kind of ntimulant required in a district of the kind. The following is the formula he is using successfully nowadays ;l'5t Dose.-Thursday Evening in any Picture Hall.

Exhibition of a miniature film drama entitled "The Message."

This is pleasing feature which only occupies 12 t minutes on the screen. It has a pretty musical aCCOffi-

July, 19 2 3. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- I r

pa niment and is verbally described by Mr. Hanmer as it lravels. A coll ec tion is made at the exits for the funds.

2nd and 3rd Doses administered on Friday and Sa turday evenings respectiv ely. Exactly as above.

The effect of the first thrte doses is usually plainly visib le upon the apathetic patients, and in addition to th e mark ed improvement there is displayed a desire for more tre atment, so the dose which puts on the final touch is a dministered on Sunday evening in the following form :Same Picture House. Sam e object. Same treatment. D ose larger.

Ingredients.-A fe w dramatic films, sweetened with h umour of the right type. Scientific features of an entercharacter, camouflag in g otherwise dry subjects.

Pleasing trav el pictures introducing many educational ea tures. Every item has " First Aid " cleverly interwoven

V.A.D. Notes and News.

AN interesting gathering was assembled at Bedford College on Thursday, July 5th, the occasion being the presentation of Certificates to Students completing the International Course of Training for Public Health Nur s es, Class 192Z 23, held at Bedford College University of L'Jndon.

Cornish Ri vier a Expt ess passing OVt!r the famous Saltash Bridge.

This is the Third International Course, and the following are the names of the Graduating Class ;-Frieda Soche, Austria; Frantiska Sucha, Czecho-Slovakia; Gurli Segerberg, Finland; Marthe lEs cbimann, France ; Marie Lebel, France; Ida Simmons, Great Britain; Gudny J ohnson, Iceland; Milda Karin; Latvia; Catherine Clark, New Zealand; Marie Cern at, Roumania; Aneta Bernescu, D istrict Officer C. Hanmer, producer of" The Message" and other films.

World';:; smallest dancer.

Lowering the patient sixty feet from the deck of the " Rotterdam" Plymouth

A

an d the whole is served up in the form of a programme e ntitled "FOR HU MANITY'S S aKE"

Sacre d Concert charges for admission to this event.

When Mr. Hanmljr has dates available, his services are at the disposal of any locality where the treatment is req uired. For he assistance no charges are made, the St. John Ambulance Association authorises him to give thi s assistance on a Profit Sharing basis. A percentage of the profits in each being taken to carryon the Missionary Scheme.

All communicati()Os on the subject should be addressed to the Chief Secretary, St. John Am bulance Association, St. John Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.c.I.

Before making application, however, it is advisable to enquire the Picture Hall facilities required will be available.

Sir Claude Hill, D:rector-General, League of Red Cross Societies, took the chair in the unavoidabl e absence of Sir Arthur Stanley. and pr e sent on the platform were ;His Excellency the Spanish Amhassador. His Excellency the Siamese Minister.

The Graduating Class received their Certificates at the hands of Sir Hildred Carlile But., C.B E., who afterwards presented special certificates to ;-Itta Frascara, Italy; Aussier Rosa Rabello, Brazil, who had completed a shortened or Special Course of Studies. Sir Hildred congratulated the students on having compl ete d the Course and wished them all success in the strenuous and important duties they would be called upon to perform in the cause of Public Health when they returned to their own countries.

A most interesting address was then given by Miss

,. TinY Mite, " the

FEW SCENES FROM FILM" THE MESSAGE. "

Roumania; Clara Xa vier, Siam; Mercedes Carrasco, Spain; Maria Luise Martinez de Aquiar Y Pedroso, Spain.

EllZibC:lh Fox, Director, Bureau Public Health N:.using American Red

Miss Fox described in detail the policy of those charged with the administration of Public Health matters in the United States of America, and gave details of the latc:st methods adopted for the General Training of Nur5es in America together with the further training to be undertaken by nurses who wished to specialise in Public Health work.

Miss Katherine Olmsted, Chief, Division of Nursing, L< aD'ue of Red Cross Societies then described the actlvities undertaken by the Graduate Nurses who had under/:> •• taken the International Course of TralOlng In 1920-2 I, 192 [-22. Practically all these ladies are now holding important posts in their various countries where they are initiating fresh schemes in every branch of Public Health work, on the lines on which they had received instruction in the University of London.

It was most interesting to hear of the very varied ways in which the work has been develop In some countries the nurses are giving practical instruction in the various Child Welfare Clinics with a view to raising the standard of treatment; in other countries tuberculosis is being especiall y dealt with; in others nurses are devoting their time to lecturing j in others, the nurses have had their training in England or America, as well as taking the Public Health Diploma in England, they are devoting themselves to the improvement of th standard of general training in nur5ing in the Training Schools

Sir Edward Stewart moved a vote of thanks to S ir Hlldred Carlile for his presence at the meeting, and Miss Margaret J, Tuke, Principal of Bedford Collf'ge, then thanked the speakers for their interesting addresses.

Among those were :-Dame Maud McCtlrthy, Matron-in·Chief T.A.N.S; Miss Hodgins, Principal Matron K.A.I.M.N.S; Miss Hogg, Principal -Matron T.A.N.S. and Matron Guy's Hospital Miss Cox Davies, late Principal Matron T.A.N.S. and Matron Royal Free Hospital; Osbome, Matron Q.A. T. M.N.S.; Dame B';ryl Oliver. Miss Marjorie Beeton, the student who represented Great Britain in the 1920-2 I Course, was present, having just arrived from Roumania on leave of absence.

It will be remembered tbat Miss Beeton, an ex-YA. D. member, had taken her general training at Sl. Thomas' Hospital, she is now one of the English staff in a hospital at Bucharest, where Roumanian nurse, are receiving their general training on English lines.

Miss Margaret James, the 192 1-22 student, also an exV.A D. member trained at St. Thomas's Hospital, who was present, is about to proceed to take up an interesting organislOg post abroad.

It will be remembered that Miss Ida Murray Simmons, the English student who received her certificate this year, was formerly a member of the St. J obn Detachment, East Lancs. 264. She han served at the 1st Western General Hospital and in France from October I916 to April when she entered upon her general training at the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, with a V.A, D. Scholarship. The V.A.D. Scholarship Committee later awarded Miss Simmons a Scholarship which has permitted her to participue in the Public Health Course. After a short hohday, Miss Simmons proposes to take her training in midwifery, after which she will be fully qualified to receive a post, and will, DO doubt, follow in the steps of the other nurses who have taken the Public Health Course, in proceeding to take up important Public Health work abroad.

Al D.- July, 1923.

St. John Ambulance Brigade in Ireland.

ON July 14th, on the occasion of the 100 Miles Road Race promoted by the Leinster Motor Cycle Club Corps, Supt. A J. MacWilliam was in charge of the ambulance arrangement.

Over fifty officers and men from the following Divisions were on duty over the whole course :-

Sr. James' Gate, City of Dublin, Messrs. Jacobs, Morgan Mooney's, and the M.G. W.R. Divisions, also Lady Ambulance Officers and Sisters of St. Stephen'S Green Nursing Division.

The men and nurses paraded on the morning of the race at headquarters to rec e ive their instructions _ and left at mid-day for the course in charabancs and three am bulances.

Over twenty cases were treated during the day, mostly of a minor character.

First=Aid in Dublin.

No body of Ambulance Workers has des e rved better of the Movement than that which represents the Bngade in Ireland. I was glad, thtreforp., that my visit to Dublin took place during I. Our Week:" but as 1 s e t fo ot on 11ish soil I found it a strange to be called (and treated as) "a foreigner " ; to stanj with e lbows outstretch : d while military officials ran down my pockets and then to have my baggage overhaul e d for dutlabll"' articles by excise officers.

On Thursday evening I found my :e lf in the lull lent by Messrs. of biscuit fame, (whose active interest in and furtherance of ambulance work dates from the day when no one in the factory could treat an emplo}t: c suffering from a burst varicose vein) and 1 was impressed by the enthusiasm and aUt ntion with which the larg e audience present listened to Dr. Corb t t Fl :: tcher ' s IOteresting and instructive lecture on "Som e Errors ill Firs tA£d" which was illustrated by lantern slider.

On Saturday I watched the annual competitions held in the open square opposite and was ag:l.in impressed by the enthusiasm of competitors and s pectarors no less than by the practical tests st.t by tht: judg e s, amongst whom I noted two Engllsh in Dr. Corbet Fletcher and Dr. Pim. After the competitions, the Commissioner-Sir John Lumsden-conducted th e Annual Insrection, in which eight Am bulance and ninet een N ursing Divisions took part. Buglers of the Brigade sounded the general salute and afterwards there was a march past the saluting base. During the afternoon the Brigade Pipers Band provided an excellent programme of music.

On Saturday e eoing I attended in the Mansion House a pleasant social gathering which divided itself into three parts-the first being occupied by song, musIc and stories, the second by the preSEntation of no less than five bronze medals and some half-dozen certificates awarded by the Order for gallantry in performance of duty (a record surely of which any District might be justly proud), and the third by conversation, card playing or dancing according to the desires of those present.

For the rest, as I walked through the streets, I tried to picture the scenes amidst which gallant deeds-known

July, 19.!3· -FIRST and unknown-had been performed. I found signs of ruin on all sides, especially in the centre of the City. I saw Sackville (or should I say O'Connell) Street-its upner part is in ruins, its remaining walls all spattered with in;umerable rifle bullet marks, and its lower parts (which was wrecked in the 1916 rebellion) respl e ndent with stately, modern shops. In th e streets I saw comparatively few motors; but her e , there and everywhere I met greencoated soldiers (representatives of an army 50,000 strong), their uniform contrasting strangely with that of the redshirted firemen, whose places and duties during a recent strike we re (1 was told) taken by m e mbers of the Brigade. Again, 1 noted the ptllar-boxes of the postal service all pa ID ted gr ee n in place of the familiar British reel, and s urmounted with the letters E.S., sigOifying " Irish Post."

Next, 1 was told how gallantly all members responded to organised signals calling for h e lp how the appearance o f the St. John flag or aru bulance in any str e f;t produc e d an immediate "cea'ie-fire; " how the lady transport-driver

AID.- Ij

John and working whole-heartedly - "For God and Humanity." Long may they flourish! !

3loints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with specia& reference to good and bad (Joints in 7 reatment-for inclusion in this Column.

AN ACT O F BRAVERY.

An elderly man was taken suddenly ill in an express train and collapsed. His companions were several young women who in great alarm pulled the communicatIOn cord. Before the train could be stopped, howeveL, a young man in a neighbouring carriage, hearing the cries for assistance, clambered along the footboard uf the moving- train to discover the cause of alarm and to render assistance if possible.

Fortunately, he did the journey successfully; but unfortu-

o n se veral occasions took out her ambulance so quickly t hat the ord e rlies had to race down th e stree t after the car; h ow th e th ea tres and cinemas are all so manned that extra Cln be quickly sumUJon e d, re quired, in anyemer · ge ncy; and how Brigade duti es are extended to cover we lfare work in the Dublin factories. Further, I was told t hat the success of the two ambulance huts was so great that ve ry soon a third will be established.

Fmally, I went through the headquarters of this centre of humanitarian e ffort, and was much Impr essed by th e air of businesslike activity it no less than by the completeness of its equipment for all requ ir ements. Ev e n so I cam e back across the seas with happy r e collections of Irish hospitality, and of the splendid way in which th e Irish D ivisions, under the inspired lead ership of their Commissioner and his officers, are out in these modern days and under most trying CirCUmstances, the ancient traditions of the Ordt:r of St.

nately his act o. personal bravery was of no avail, because the patIent was already dead, having succumbed to a fatal attaCK of syncope, the result of old-standing heart-disease. - E. D. Croydon.

AN ACT O F SEL F -SA C RIFICE.

Deeds of heroism and self-sacr ifi :: e are frequent in mines' and the following recent occurrence is worthy of record. ing operations in a colliery, a man, whIle gUIding a tub down an inclined road was seI zed with an Epileptic Fit. Some companions immediately ran to his assistance; but meanwhile the tub, left thus without control, began to run down the road towards other workmen.

One man, however, heard the tub coming, saw that it was gathering speed, and realised instantly that the lives of several men were in urgent danger. He acted without hesitation, and in the absence of any other means of checking the tub, actually stopped it by throwing himself in front of the tub, though at the of g-rave injuries of and limbs toward himself-E D., Croydon.

1\{E:\In ER S OF T HE RADL\NT CLUJ] DIVISION, S.T-A.B. ) DOl\!DAY.

fetters to the E;ditot'.

We are in no way restc stble !or tile opinion! expressed, or the rtatements made, b, Conespondents.-EDlTOR.

FIRST-AID IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

DEA.R SIR,-vVith reference to statement made in June issue under" Brevities" you are apparently not aware that the S.J.A.A. conducted official First-Aid Classes at Cheltenham College for two years (1914·15)-Dr. Hugh Powell being the lecturer. I had the pleasure of acting as demonstrator on both occasions.-Yours faithfully, W. TAN DY, Div. Supt. Cheltenham.

FIRST-AID TO ANIMALS.

DEAR SIR,-

Whilst playing tennis on a private grollnd, I was requested by a friend of mine to try and assist a farmer 10 the next field, who was attempting to stop a horse bleeding...

It was a foal about a month old, who 10 Jumpmg some wooden spiked railings, slipped, badly gashed its front right leg in the groin.

Upon examination I found that it had severed the br.achlal artery almost in the groin, and had two PlOts of blood. I immediately applied digital pressure on the artery.

Having no ambulance materials I obtained a bucket of water, and using a little J eyes' fluid, the farmer washed down the wound and leg. .'

I then applied a tourniquet (a st:me 10 a which arrested the h::emorrhage, until the foal Jumped and moved it.

The foal was now getting rather weak, and re-applying the tourniquet I tightly bandaged the wound with a clean dry sheet from the farmer, and this arrested the h::emorrhage. The wound was transverse. about 5 inches long. The mare and the foal' were quite quiet during the dressing, and were led away to their stable to await the arrival of the vet.

Calling about half an hour later I found the foal in good condition, the bandage still being in position, and as h::emorrhage had ceased I relaxed the tourniquet.

PTE. HAROLD TURNER.

j\mbu\anee j\(ews euttings.

The Editor invites readers to send newspaper cuttings on matters oj general interest for inclusion in this column.

MARRIED ON A STRETCHER.

Pathetic scenes were witnessed at the wedding at Wellingborough to-day of Mr. Walter Barratt, who was carried from hospital to altar on a stretcher.

Mr. Barratt had both legs broken in a motor-car collision a month ago and is not likely to leave hospital for some time. Many of the congregation were in tears during the ceremony.Evening News.

BA TSMAN GOES ON FIRE.

Just before going into bat for Newport police in a cricket match with students of Caerleon College, Carr, who had been smoking, put a box of matches in the pocket of his flannel trousers.

A rising ball from the bowl er struck his thigh, and, unknown to him, set the matches on fire. His flannels were smoking when Constable Bray ran up and pulled the burning box of matches out of his pocket.

Sergeant Carr, having batting gloves on, could not get his hand into his pocket. A hole was burnt in his flannels, but he had only a slight injury.- Weekly Dispatch.

and J\nswel's to eorrespondents.

.;2uenes will be dealt with under tlze following rules :-

T. -Letters containin!, Queries must be marked on the top left hana corner 0/ the envelope "Query," and addressed-FiRST AID , 46, Cannon-street, London, E. C. 4.

:I.-All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut Iron the current issue of the /ournal, or ,n case of Queries from abroGf jrom a recent 'ssue.

? - The Textbook, to which rejerence may be made in thue columnJ is (he 36th (I920) Edition oj S./.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

FRACTURED CLAVICLE WITH A?fPUT. TED ARM.

W. S. (Stratford);- We are in doubt as to how a Simple Fracture of Clavicle should be treated in an old soldier whose upper limb of same side had some years previously been amputated just below shoulder joint. Please advise. Signs and symptoms arise with Fracture of Clavicle, became the weight of upper limb drags on shoulder-girdle at the seat of fracture. Hence the supported elbow and head tilted towards fracture. In such a case, therefore, as you quote, I doubt if any marked symptoms would aTlse; and I should content myself by snpporting fracture with a broad bandage passed round point of shoulder and tying off in opposite axilla. By the way, offer my congratulatIOns to the man who thought out this ingenious problem.-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

FRACTURED CLAVICLE WITH AXILLARY BLERDlNG.

C.S. (Sheern ess ) ;-At a recent practice class much discussion (and some controversy arose) as to how we should treat a Simple Fracture of Clavicle, complicated by a wound inVOlving the AXillary Artery of same side. \Ve, therefore, submit the point to you and welcome your del islOn.

The arterial bleeding, being the more serious injury, and one accompanied by immediate danger to life, you must treat this even at the risk of turning complicated Fracture of Clavicle into compound and complicaterl.

Fortunately, however, this may be avoided, because if, having dressed wound (Textbook, p. 84), you treat the torn Axillary Artery as in Textbook (p. 93), then you will also keep collarbone under control, even though the fragments are not brought into as good a position as usual, in view of the fact that the elbow of that side is brought forwards instead of backwards. Further, to avoid pressure on site offracture, care must be exercised in placing the bandage wherewith you fix the axillary pad for pressure on artery. By the way, use a billiard ball itself or a smooth stone of the same 5ize and shape for the aXillary pad and all will be well, whereas pressure on Subclavian Artery might do considerable damage.-N.C.F.

SURROUNDINGS \VITH FRACTURED LEG.

G. S. (No ttingham ). -In a local competition, patient was supposed to have fainted while standing on a station platform and, falling on to rails below, to have fractured his leg in its lower third. While we werl'! treatmg him, the stationmaster came up and said that patient must be moved as an express would pass through station. We lost 20 marks because we moved patient to safety, although we first secured limbs by tying feet with narrow bandage, beca1J3e the Judge wanted limbs controlled with splints and bandages before moving. Please give us your opinion.

The correct way to solve this problem (which provides an excellent test of competitors' ability to treat cases of a.ctual emergency) is first to ask the stationmaster when express is

July, 19 2 3. -!fIRST

due and to decide accordingly, on the principle that it is at all times safer, If and when pOSSible, to splint fracture before removal to any distance, however short.

In answer to such a question the Judge slwuld name a period, in which it is, or is not, possible to fix up fracture with splints and I f this IS possible, then work quickly and remove at earliest moment. If, however, the ] udge's answer precludes the of complete treatme.nt "on the spot,," you sh?uld then ask If stationmaster cannot (and actually mstruct him to) hold up express while you do what is necessary. If the stationmaster replies that this is quite impOSSIble (dS it might well be) in spite o!your urgent representation as. to the dangers of movit;lg such a patient, then you ltave no OjtlOn. except to remove patient. To do this however you must follow Textbook instructions (p. 68) and'tie lowe; limbs togethec at legs, ankles, and knees previous to lifting patient of danger on to platform. By so doing, you carry out the objects of treatment (par J, p. 48), and (, guard against further mischief," as far as you can; and further, this removal IS justified-in view of the speCial "SurrouJ"ldings)) of caseby the mstruct tons of Rule I, p. 48, which read-" no attempt to move patient until 11mb has been rendered as immovable as {)racticable by splmts or oliler means of restraint, the key to the Situation being In the last words ItaliCised.

J n other words, on your own statement of facts you were righ tly p nal!sed, you failed to deal properly With stationmaster, more espeCIally with reference to (, help available)) and" sources of danger I) (Surrounding, p. 20), and also to secure as complete control of broken 11mb as was actually possible under the circumstances named.-N.C.F.

FUXCTIO rs OF BRAIN.

H J. (Battersea).-\Vhich part of brain controls the subconsciolls mind? I s it cerebrum or cerebellum? I s the cerebrum that part of us which is call ed" the souL" Plea!:>e assist and forgive If 1 exceed the limits of First-Aid, The "soul)) is that part of IT an which thinks, feels

AID . -

desires, &c., and is supposedly located in the cerebrum which is " the seat of intellect, em.ot io n s and will" (Textbook, p. 123).

The cel ebellum, ever, IS the great centre for co-ordlllation of muscular movements, and especially the harmonious adjustof th,o.se muscles with keeping the body erect and III POSitIon of equdlbnum.-N.C.F.

FRACTURES OF ULNA AND HUMERUS.

E. M. (Dulwich).-A man has a simple fracture of humerus (c entre of shaft) and a compound fracture of ulna (also of s?afl) complicated by arterial bleeding. Hospital IS 3 miles away. Please advise as to treatment?

The compound, complicated fracture of ulna is the more serious injury, and demands prioTlty in treatment. I should therefore, flex forearm with care and without disturbing humerus, and a bystander to keep up indirect, digital pre.ssure on Artery at elbow (Textbook, Rule 5, p. 81), while I examined, dressed and protected wound.

After I ha? bleeding by direct pressure, 1 release IOdlrect pressure (Rule 12) and test results. belll,g controlled, I s?ould place 11mb in right-angled splint extendmg from armpit to finger ti ps and fixed by bandages above and below fracture of humerus, below elbow and round of hand. r would support limb in large arm-slmg and remove patient 10 taxi·cab to hospital. If, however, bleeding could not be thus controlled then I should tie up my, angular at an acute an[{ie,' fix the humerus to upper of splmt, Insert a pad in space in front of elbow, finally tie forearm to lower limb of splint in such a way that mdlrect pressure could be maintained by flexion at elbow. I should apply a St. John arm-sling, and hasten removal of patient at top speed to hospital.-N.C.F. DEMONSTRATORS; CERTIFICATES.

A. H. (York).-I am anxious to obtain the Demonstrator's Certificate awarden by the Association, and shall be grateful if you will tell me how to do so?

Restores • In and preserves fatigue health

Members of the St John Ambulance Brigade and all those who engage in First Aid work realise that there is nothing to equal a cup of delicious " Ovaltine " for restoring and preventing fatigue. It is invaluable when long hours have to be worked under uf.favourable weather conditions. Containing the recuperative and restorative elements of ripe milk, fresh eggs and cocoa, one cup of Ovalttne supplIes more nourishment than 12 cups of beef extract, 3 eggs or 7 cups of cocoa, Taken regularly " Ovaltine" gives and maintains health and strength. It should be the daily beverage for everyone in place of tea, coffee and other beverages which are merely stimulants.

OV£'Im:TINIE BeVERAGE

Builds-u.p 'Brain, nerve and Bod!, solcf by Che1!lists and Stores at I /6, 2, 6 and 4/ 6 It 1S economzcal to punhase the larger sized ti·ns.

A. WANDER, Ltd., 45, Cowcross St ., London, E.C I.

Demonstrators' Certificates were only issued by the Association during the war owing to the extreme shortage of doctor-instr u ctors, and are no longer obtainable.-N.C.F.

SIGNS OF ApPROACHING DEATH.

W C. (Chestel field) -After a accident what are the signs of the approach of death. Wmslow's Tests include placmg (I) glass of water on chest, and (2) some light downy substance btfore mouth and nostrils. As both these are rather impracticable, I wonder if you can suggest something more practical.

To a First-Aider death does not exist; and the Textbook (Rule 1. p 24) warns you that" for want of Flrst·Ald" a patient may die. In other words patients ,e after serious accidents" often approach near to the gate of death and yet recover.

'rhe signs of approaching death (which may come gradually or suddenly) vary considerably so that no single test can oj itself be regarded as positive, or, as you say, " really practical"; and they are evidenced by changes In the Standard GUides (see Tf'lly and Wlurefore in .Fint Aid). Thus, tile face, tends to become wax-yello\\' in hue; the pulse fads at the Wrist, and the heart stops beating so that the ear placed on chest-wall for two or th7'f!e IIllnufes locales no sound; flu! breatlzi17g cease" that a IlJlrrUr, ht'ld berol e the mouth, gives a faint (and tinally) no haze, a fea .ber placed on upper lip give!:> feeble (alld ulllmately) no flutter, or the reflection on ceilmg from a cup of placed on che"t gives less and less (and, when death ensues, no) movement; and tile 10jsof conscioltsness is complete.-N.C.F.

TREADIENT OF FRACTURED FEl\IUR.

J. A. (Cumberland).-In the Stretcher Test of it recent Competition a man was supp05ed to have been knocked down 10 a mine roadway while carrylDg a bottle of sulphuric aCid in his hand Patient was fully and was lying full length on his {ace. His injuries were arterial bleedlDg from p ,dmar arches ( glass belllg embedded in burned leh hanJ) and an impacted fracture of left thigh.

'fhe gre3t difference in treatment was th:n some teams Ilnmediately turned patient over on to hi; back while others fixed the fraclUred thigh before turning hIm over. As the Textbook does not seem to solve this problem, and as the judge left no detailed marking sheet, we shall welcome your deciSion on this pomt.

In view of the facts (1) that patient was fully conscious and could signal any increase of pain due to thigh injury; (2) that arterial bleeding required immediate treatment; (3) that fractur e of femur was impacted; and (4) that a train e d team of First-Aiders was at work-then I should favour g-rasping the wrist to control' arterial bleeding from hand while all m e mbers of team combined to turn patient ovn at once.

The reason which prompts this deCIsion is that the recumbent position would be more comfortable for patient and more easy for First·Aiders to carry out their treatment with efficiency and rapidity-two most important objects of First Ad. Care must, hcwever, be taken that the turning be done with great care and without using force (whereby the impact e d fragments of fractured femur might be in accordance with the Textbook instructions (Rule I, p. 48) which re ad" or other means of restraint." In short, I would back a trained team to control the fractured thigh (by holdlOg on to foot, by supporting fractured with sound limb, and by

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In ., PRESCRI PTION READINC" and " ELE M EN TAR Y D IS PEN SINC "

Ever yone eng a ge d in F IRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once.

A member 01 S.J.A B writes :-" I feel deeply lndebted ror the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T.B.)

Special t er ms n o w-half fees-to members of S J A. R, &c.

Apply (stamp) to MR J. E. WALDEN, Sec., Westminster College (Lady Dispenser

Section of the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. IS74) 112 St Georg e's Road Soutb w ar k, L o n do n.

C O'lsistentl v pre s cribed by the 8nt1s h

Me dical pro fession for 40 years .

Fo o d for IN FAN T S. INVALIDS &: theA GED.

"Benger's Food has, by its excellence established a reputation of its rile Ih'itish .1/u/icCll JOIIl'nal."

So d in tins by all Chemists. Prices: 1/4; 2,3; 4,-; 8/6.

Shar lston & District Ambulance Shield .

Al\IBULANC:r; men will you the FIRST ANNUAL which wJll be held on AUGU T 18th, 1923, in a fiel<l kindly lent for the ucca<;ion, If fine. I f wet, in St. Luke's Hall, Sharlston (aclJolOIng fipold).

Vrtluable prizes wdl be given to the successfl11 com pet tors.

Fur :::,chedul:: P '! to Secretary. E. Sn.EL, S V ictor .i-tel ra< PO, Sr,yriale, }: e:n P"ntefaLl.

The "Dempster" Ambulance Shield .

'l'HE Eiland Dlvi:: on are re.,tart the abuve Sh : eld (or open compel t'nn on S\)'l]RI) \\ 1 :!jth, ICJl3. \' duable priZe.; will be l: II't'n For Entrv Form and partlcul.tr" rtpply \V. H B lmea, Carrick·terrace, Cteetland, near l Ltl l(;lx

POCKET H

ape essential foT'

N ASA L HYGIENE, INFLUENZA, COL D S, lIay.Fe\er, Measle" elc PIfU: wln't", S (I "Sill ')· j-d'r, fiO 101 :C/" Also ·'PaiJi c rCr.pon, " Get "TOIl\'CCO"Lmnn at your chemi:it' s and avoid infecuon 'Jlh a f lJric h,[ndkulhid. Post Free, Dept. S Toinoco Co., 55. Hatton Garden, London.

"I h a v e rece ived t h e nursing book , 'A Complete System of Nursing,' with which I a m de li g ht e d . I t hi nk it is a beautiful book , so clear and easy for any nur se to un ders ta n d . I s hall recommend it to as ma n y nur s es as I can, it des er ves recommen da ti on."

E F GREEN HI L L, The Nurses' Home, Union Infirmary, Hull.

Study this b ook F R E E for four days.

Every First·Aid rran or woman should take immediate advantage of t his remarkable offer. On rEceipt of the Coup :m bE low we will send free of any charge, and carriage paid to ) OJf address, "A Con.. p System of NurslOg," for four personal examination At the cnd of Ihis p nod you can tlther ret",in the book and pay for it by small monthly subscrlptions or return it to us carriage forward "t our sole risk and The whole tram-action reed not cost you one penny piece.

A COMPL ETE SYSTEM OF NURSINC

By A. MILLICENT ASHDOWN / Examiner In .1Yurses' Practical TYork t? Guy's Hospital, etc.)

This work gives detailed directions on hON to apply any form of treatment, together with all the practical knowledge required (or examinations-and instructions how to carry out f'vpry nursing duty. It gi\'es a concise yet comprEhensive account of thoo: Clffcrent diseases, the ll1 (lre commC'll q,ErdtlOn", together with the prepalation, aftt:r lrf'atnwnt, and nurstng of each. This book is unique because there is no Gther work that contains so much informati( n in such easily understood language and so ral cy and

complct a form. The book has the further g r eat advantage of being written in a clear and simple language so that anyone who is as yet unfamiliar WIth many technical 'expressions will find no dJtEcully; in following out the principles and getting a thorough grasp of the subject without having to spend long pf.Tlods 10 study of intricate and involved text· boob. This work will prove a source of invaluable help and reliable guidance in any and every difficul1y that may arise

E VER Y EVER Y DIFFICULTY SOLVED. QUESTION ANSWERED.

The li:,l (.lualifications of :t NUlse - Gcncral l\' ursing Du ties-Particular Methods of Trc.:almenl- The Application of Banclages-El\tcnsion and SplintsGeneral Observation of Symptoms-

!'vlcdical :i\'ursing- The :i\'ursine: of Specific In(ecllve LJiscases - The Tursing of Dis!:t<;e of the :i\'ervous System-})ental

Nursing - The Kursing of Disease; of the Skin - Surgical Nursing of Care-, Ana<sthetics-AbdoIT inal Operations and their Complications

-First Aid and After- Treatment of Acciden al Wounds and Ir juries-The Complication" or 'V(unds-The Nursing of Children - The Nursing of Diseases of

theHipandSpine-Deformities-Ophthalmic Nuning- :;'\ursing of Disease of the Ear, Nose and Throat-Gyna:cological Nursing- Ob tetric I -::'\ledical Electricity-Drugs and their Administration-Poisons: their Antidotes and Antagonists - Diets - :- ick Room Cookery-.Appendix of Tables, Solutions, etc., etc.

EXCLUS IVE TO THIS EDITION

are Twenty Sp cially Designed Platt"!', fuur of them being htautiful full page colour plates and sixteen of them faithfully illustrations In black and white. These are in addition to the numero u s smalle r illustrations, drawings and charts) etc.

D ON'T M IS S T HIS

OP P ORTU N ITY .

is all you pay for ou' No 400 A il-Jeao ":\I"r\,cl" - Ihe tllll t, \,:r o fTeled O il "Hh ex"ep iOIl ,dl) easy terms Bril iantly plated; Ti, hly t:1I Illelkd; linecllll packcd free Carriio.l;C poiLI 011 15 LAY:)' FR.I!:l! TRIaL. .I<\I.ly teo fUIl.kd if di,satisfit!d Olel ma c hiIJes exchanged. llig bar· gaills in faclOry so ilecl mOllllts. and s per Cenl. be 101\" shop prices. \\ ril e /0DA Y for and illus· lrat\d art catalogue.

MEAD

Cycle Company(l n c ), (Dep t. B876) Di r ml ngham

tear ofT, and post it on to us 1)0 Ihis OW be[<lre you forgel.

Post Fr ee Form T o-day_

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To the WA VERLEY BOOK CO. , Ltd., 96 , Fal"r i ng don s t re e t , L o n don, E.C.4.

Please send me rn approval, carriage paid, for FOUR DAYS' FREE "A SYSTEM OF NUKSING," by A. i\I1I LICRNT ASHDOWN. It is understood that I may return the volume to you on the fifth day after I receive ir and that tbere the matter enns. If I decide to hep the book, I ' will forward 10 you on the fifth day a first paym"nt of 1/ 6 , and becrinning thirty days after Ihe first payment, four furtber monthly of 4 /- each, thu completing he pur, hase price.

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Address _

F.A G. 1923. (State if address is permanent).

keeping thigh an.d leg steady) so efficiently that they would not cause such a patient to cry our in pain during the manipulations necessary to effect the change of position desired.-N.C.F.

TREAT?ll ENT OF SAKE BITE.

H. L. (Cardiff).-:-Please tell us (1) what are the objects of treatment laid down 10 Textbook for Snake Bite and (2) if it is safe to suck the wound caused by venomous snake bite.

(r) Treatment of Snake Bite seeks (a) to prevent entry of poison into .by way of veins (dependent position of part, constrictIOn of 11mb ); (b ) to destroy it in the wound before it can be absorbed (a pplication of caustic or potassium permanganate ) and (c) to support the failing nervous energy if poison has entered the system ( treatment of Shock).

(2) Snake venom may neither be applied to lips nor taken into stomach with impunity. Sucking a snake-bite therefore is by no means free from danger, though if lips mouth present unbroken surfaces, and if the saliva be quickly ejected and mouth washed out with antiseptic, the danger is probably small. -N.C. F.

"NmtSES BOWL" TESTS.

A. S. ( Thornton Heath ) ;-In the "Nurses Bowl" Tests detailed in April issue, may I ask ( r ) what good results to patient from placing conductor recumbent on seat and (2) how a patient could be placed fiat on the seat of an ordinary Railway Dining Saloon?

( r ) Your" observation" is at fault; and you have misread the detailed marking sheet which differentiates between "man" and" conductor," and clearly lays it down that the man, not the cond 1Jctor, was to be placed in recumbent position.

(2) Your" resourcefulness " must be limited, because you are clearly beaten by a difficulty which candidates had to face and which could be solved by placing patient as recumbent as the limited space available allowed, and by supporting patient's legs on a board (or some such contrivance) placed across passage-way from seat to seat. The only other solution was to place patient in passage-way itself, whereby movements of First-Aider and attendant would be unduly handicapped.N.C.F.

THE DEWAR FINAL.

A. O. (Highgate).-May I offer you our hearty congratulations on tbe staging and judging of the stretcher test in the recent Dewar Final? I was both a pleasure and an education to watch an ambulance competition carried out in such fashion under realistic conditions.

You that mine was the easier task in that I only made suggestIOns and that Mr. Morgan and his able assistants had the more difficult job of putting my suggestions into practice. In our combined names, therefore, I thank you for your congratulations.-N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF FRACTURED BASE.

A. C. (Y orkshire ). -If, in a case of Fractured Base of Skull blood is issuing from the ears, 5hould patient's head and shoulders be raised to elevate part and so check bleeding as is done with h re morrhage from a limb?

Fractures of Skull may be accompanied by signs either of Concussion or of Compression of Brain. The decision, therefore, as to whether or no head and shoulders should be raised depends, in actual practice of First-A id, on the colour of patient's face.

Under these circumstances, raising head and shoulders might be with Fractured accompanied by bleeding from ears (If there were marked signs of Compression) because the position tends to reduce pressure within the skull. Otherwise it would have little or no effect on the bleeding.-N.C.F.

HUMERU S.:- The. Armlet is worn only by members of the BrIgade ID civilian dress, and on the right arm between the shoulder and the elbow.

For Wounds, Cuts, SCllds lnd Burns

Use the Doyen of an Dressings, GERMOLENE.

Astonishes by the rapidity of its Soothing, Healing Action.

CERMOLENE has established it supremacy in first aid work in every part of the world. I t IS unequalled for very obvious reasons ;-

1. As GERMOLE E is supreme. Septic complicatIOns are impossible where it is t cleanses wounds of every particle of foreign matter. The bacilli of pOison shrivel and die when is applied

2. GERMOLENE soothes immediately. There is none .('I f the tingl i ng, smarting, or pa in which is associated with bacterIcidal agents so often used in the past. The act ion of GERM 0 LE E is so rap id that the quick cessation of pa in Invariably aSIOOIshes the user.

3· GERM OLE E heals completely and sa felv. New is bU dt up In a healthy, nalln :, l manner. I nfiammatlon and festerin g stop be ca use the cause is expelled.

GERMOLENE should be kept ready for use by all ambul.ance workers; it sholll.d certainly have a permanent III fir.st-ald chest and in every home for Immediate application in cases of cuts, wounds, scalds and. burns. .r t .is just as useful for every kmd of skID complalDt, and It IS the doyen of all skin preparations for use in children's a ilments.

SOOTHES AT A TOUCH

Prices 1/3 alld 8 /-, 0/ all Che m ists.

To Medical Practitioners, Hospitals, School Clinics and to Nurses who enclose their professional cards a gener ous trial supply of GERMOLENE will be sent gratis.

Sole Distributors: THE VENO DRUG CO , Ltd., Manufacturinf: Chemists, Manchester.

-FIRST

Wlzenever we have produced an an#septic which can be taken internally without risk of injurv to cell tissue, we will have conquered infectious disease "-LORD LISTER.

'Yadil' Antiseptic Prevents Wound Infection

TfIE majority of the accidents that a first-aider is called upon to attend, are "younds

The main object in the antiseptic treatment of wounds is to prevent microopra ni:-.ms or g'erms from entering, and to any or'th se minute organi'sms which may be present in the wound. These small bodies cause the wound to suppurate or form matter, pre\'ent healing, and may lead to blood p isoning-.

The usual antiseptics and disinfectants at present popular although to some extent ef[ecti,'e in producing- temporary antisepsis, fail to ,ri\'e full results becau se their antiseptic ;-, powers dep nd entirely uIJVn their caustic and tonic properties. These properties certain ly cause destruction of infective organiS;ll"i, but they destroy cell - tissue at the same tim, thus defeating their aim, which is to olJtain st rility comhined with cell proliferation and clear-rapid healin g. ' Yadil ' . ntiseptic promotes the growth of healthy fresh tissue.

'Yaclil' .. ntiseptic gives those results \\'ithout the objections mentioned above, because it 1S not a coal tar or mineral derivati"e but is entirely of ve(!etable orig·in. I t is eq llal to carbolic acict in g'erm icidal strength.

, Yadil' "\ntiseptic is the original antisep tic, made from natural essential oil of ga rlic.

There is a \'olatile oil in garlic known as allyl sulphide. This oil is powerfully antiseptic. I t is thrown off by the lungs and the skin. I t is freely absorbed by the sk in and penetrates right through the system to the deeper tissues. Here is a demonstration of this fact:

- Crush a few garlic cloves and tie them like a poultice on the sole of the foot. After about twenty minutes the taste of garlic will be noticeable in the mouth. This signifies that the quintessence of garlic has penetrated the skin of the foot, being taken up by the blood and the J ymphatics, and carried by Pronounce

them throughout the body until the lungs and skin give it off into the air. Every tissue of the body, including the glands, will have been bathed in what has been proved to be a powerful antiseptic and febrifuge.

The following properties of 'Yadil' antiseptic will strongly appeal to all ambulance students.

I. The administration of 'Yadil' is simple and requires no complicated methods.

2. It can be used freely internally and externally, over long periods, without the slightest risk of injury to delicate cell· tiss ues.

3. It is positively non -poisonous, non· caustic and non-irritant.

4. It is highly penetrative and reaches deep -seated infections, destroymg them. It prevents complIcations.

5. It is rapidly absorbed by the blood, through which it plsses unchanged, until t xcretion takes place by skin, lungs and kidneF. It never accumulates in the system.

6. It does not hinder natural healing processes, but assists nature and accelerates granulation, thus ensuring rapid and complete h e aling.

7. It does not stain or deteriorate, and is not inflammable.

8. It is a powerful and mixes in all proportions with water, alcohol or ether.

9. It can be handled with safety even by childrf n.

10. It destroys all diseas " germ'> in syq err

The members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade will find TH E Y ADIL a valuable addition to their library. I t contains 192 pages, well printed, on fine paper, beautifully illustrated, cloth bound, and published at 2/6. Or a copy will be sent gratis and post free if you will fill in your name and address on card wrapped round the 6 oz. and larger sizes of 'Yadil ' Antiseptic.

, Yadil' is sold in am ber bottles with name, size, and price plainly printed on corn-coloured wrapper, 2 oz.) 2/-, 6 oz., 3/6 , pint, 9/6, quart, I7 / -. Postage 4 d ., 6d., 9d. and j-. F rom all chemists including all branches of Boots.

Interesting booklet sent post free on request. Address, Clement & Johnson Limited, Research Medical Chemists, 19, Sicilian Avenue, London, W, C. I. it Y AHClDIL.

FIRST AID, HOME NURSING , HOME HYGIENE & CARE OF CHILDREN

PUBLICATIONS BY COLONEL R. J. BLACKHAM,

c. B., C.M.G., C.LE., D.S.O., M D , ;\1.R.C.P.E., D.P.H.(Lond. Knight of Grace of St. John, Member of the Orde r of Mercy, Kaiser-i-Hind Medalist, Barrister-at-Law , Asst.-Commissioner St. John Ambulance Brigade.

AID.- July, 1923

MAN U ALS OF FIRST-AID, &c.,

By N. CORBBT PLETCH ER, M B., B L., B.A.( CaD tab). M.R.e. s.

Now RE .\[)Y

AMBULANCE COMPETITION TESTS (S tretcher, Individual and ()uestion- Three Folders)

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Col Sir lames Cantlie contributes an introduction and we endorse Itis I!ooa opinion of AIDS TO HOME-NURSING.

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" This book wo nde ifully simplifies a comPlex subject and should be read b'\l at. students. "-L & N W Rv. GAZBTTE.

EFFICIENOY IN FiRST-AID.

Post free , Ia. 3d.

Problems In Study, Treatment aud ExamInat ion solved for Senior Studen ts.

" Without doubt the book will be 0/great serTJice in llu training' 0/ those 10'whom it is den:", ned. "-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

COMMON ERRO RS IN FIRST-AID.

IS. net: p ,st 3dErrors In Detailetl anti Explained.

"711is book gh,t!s a clearer insi!?,!tt into the met/tods and dt!licllltio oj cJ1Icrg'c,tCy treatment by lay"!t'" thall tl,.- o/Jicial Text"ook itsd/"-LANcET. WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID. Third Edition. Price III •• post free. DIfficultie s 10 Study and Treatment solved by Qnestlon and Answer.

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(I) Poisoning, (2) Ha::morrhage, (::;) In!'ensibililY, (4) Asphyxia (S us pended Breathing), (5) Fractures, Dislocati0n!O and Sprains, (6) Bites, Burns, Scalds, Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series contain, all the e!'sentials of First Aid. Printed on linen-lined cards, 3i" x Third Editi on 6d. net each; postage 2d. extra HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS.

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FIRST AID -

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID Is published on the 20th of each month. The Annna Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement Of Ambulance Work

In all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Repo rts on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestio ns for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed' to the Editor, and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily for oub lic ation) by th e name and address of the Corresponden t.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other bnsiness Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LoNDON, E.C. 4.

1 degraphic Address : "Twent1l-jour, London."

1 depho ne No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

IN the annual report of the ComStimulating missioner for Wales, it is stated that Interest "It is essential that the educational in Brigade Work.

Now that the Brigade in some parts of the -country is engaging itself in a wider range of activities, the greater are the opportunities of inspiring interest, and it is by emulating the example of these units that progr e ss can be made and interest sustained. Take the case of the ambulance arrangements of Plymouth-the organisation of which we record in this month'S issue-here we have a unit that has the whol e of the invalid transport arraDgement, the ambulance service for both night and day work of the town under its management, and the many other activities in which it is engaged, that sustain an interest and :;how that its members are engaged in a work of real usefulness. Surely, what is accomplished by one Corps, can be attem pted by another! We well know that the question of funds enter largely in these undertakings, and are the stepping stones of progress, but in Plymouth, as elsewhere, a systematic organisation must be created to show the useful work you are doing, which is well worthy of the financial support of your townspeople. It is in this way that progress can be made, the ramifications of the Brigade ex tended, thus sustaining the enthusiasm of its members which makes for gen e ral progress.

Louder Ambulance Signals.

RE FERENCES to the London ambulance service were made in the course of inquests at Westminster and Hackney on July 24th.

All Wool Grey, and Black Serge

E xt ra quality material. Strictly to regulation.

THORNTON & Tailol's,

Postage 11CO., 24, Commercial St., BRIGHOUSE.

T ELEPH NE 281.

side of the work-as the fund ame ntal basis of our Brigade-should be made as interesting as possible. There is at present a great desire to vary and ex tend the hitherto orthodox studies." This se ntence strikes at the root of the matter, it is the lack of variation in training that is the cause of so many Corps and Divisions drifting into the languid state and they ultimately become disbanded A short while back we offered prizes to our readers who could give us the most interesting programme of work for the winter session of t he S.J.A.B., this competition did not bring the result which we anticipated, although one or two very useful programmes were submitted, and if the various items suggested were carefully organised would provide a practical and useful winter's work.

Mr. Ingleby Oddie suggested at Westminster that the London ambulances should be provided with a louder "Clear the Road" Signal. The noise of the ambulance was quite insignificant compared with that of a fire engine. Captain B. Cutbush, head of th e ambulance service, under the Chief Officer of the Fire Brigade, produced the record in the case being investigated_ The call was received at 5 56 p.m., and transferred to the:: nearest ambulance station in London Road, Southwark, at 5 57 p.m. The ambulance arrived on the scene at 6.6 p.m. or ten minutes after the original call.

"One hears criticisms of the London Ambulance Service," said Dr. Edwin Smith at Hackney. It is my experiencc, how t; ver, that all ambulances attend very promptly when we consider the number of calls they receive."

:The Grand ,riOl'g of the Order of thc }{ospital of St. john of Jerusalem in &ngland. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

St. John .Ambulance Srigade. Prince of Wales's Distri"t DISTRICT ORDERS.

COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL SEPTEMBER, 1923.

Sunday, 2nd.-No. 5 Division, Croydon. 9t h.-No. 52 Barclay Perkins. 16th.-No. 53 Watford. 2]rd.-No. 54 " Brentford. 30th.-No. 55 " West Middlesex. " "

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. J obn's Gate at 2 p.m.

ANNUAL INSPECTION BY THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER.

The Annual Inspection will take place on Saturday, September 22nd, 1923, at 4 p.m., in Hyde Park on the Exhibition Ground by Knightsbridge Barrack. Dress :-"Review Order" (L eggmg and Great Coats will not be worn).

I. Company Commanders and District _ Sergeant Majors alone will carry sticks.

2. Haversacs must be clean.

3. :\ledal ribbons must be clean and of the correct length, one inch, or one inch below the lowest bar.

4. White gloves will be worn by all ranks.

5. Unauthorised badges, medals, or decorations must not be worn.

6. White cap covers will not be worn.

D ivisional Officers and Members in Charge will be responsible to see that these instructions are conveyed to each member immediately, and to correct any errors at the Parade before the I nspecting Officer arrives.

Company Commanders, when taking over, will insp ect their Company, and correct any details that may be necessary.

Further part icula rs and instructIOns will be conv eyed to Divis ions by letter, and a time table furnished later.

The tollowing particulars are required at Headquarters "as soon as possIble" (but not later than August 25th) from AMbulance and Nursing Divisions, the number of:-

I. Lady Officers and Ambulance Sisters,

2. Officers , Sergeants, Corporals and will be on parade, as far as can be given.

Medical Officers will report to the District Surgeon at the Marquee Cyclists will parade with machines.

Full muster of the Bugle Band is required.

!'be time of the will be about 6 p. m., at Lincoln s Inn.

Officers and Members in Charge who have not yet applied for Railway voucher books should do so without delay, to the Brigade Office (t he used voucher book to be sent in with the application), and take advantage of the concession in cost of travelling on Ambulance Duty.

PUBLIC DUT Y.

Officers in Charge of Divisions are reminded that Church Parades and other public functions in which men in unitorm take part, should not be arranged without the consent of the Commissioner, obtained through the Area Officer. On no account must public duty be undertaken in the streets, even for local funct ions, unless a request is first made by the Police authorities.

AID. - August, T923 TRANSFER.

Assistant Commissioner Lt.-Colonel F. A. Brooks, M.D. who was appointed Assistant Commissioner in the No. 10 District in November, 1921, and has been doing duty in No. 1 District for some years, has now been transferred formally to the No. I District. The Chief Commissioner has decided that his seniority in NO.1 District shall date from July, 1919

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commt's s/Ollcr

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending s paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publi. cation of the newspapers.-EDlTOR.

ST. JOHN Al\lBULANCE BRIGADE N.C.O.'s CLuu.-This club will hold its usual meeting on Thursday, Septemher 6th, at 7.30 p.m., at W. H. Smith & Son's Club, I I, MIlford-lane, Strand, W.C.2

Discussions, le(tures, etc., are held monthly. Any N.C.O. wishing to become a member can have particulars, etc., from H. J. Palmer, 70, Newington Green-road, N.!.

No. 15 (EAST HA:'Il) D1YI'\1O:\'.-The first dinner of the Division was held with marked success at the Palace Cafe on July 13th, when presentations were made to se,eral members in recognition of their services to the Brigade.

Among those present were Councillor Thirkettle, Dr. F. J. :'lcKettrick, M. H., etc. (Divisional Surgeon), Dr. Benton, District Officer W. Liddell, Supt. A, A. Atkins, Lady Supt. Mr. Harrop and Mrs. Vilven. Assistant Commissioner S. H. Vilven took the chair.

After the loyal toast bad been honoured, Supt. Atki.1s proposed that of "Our Guests," and remarked on the debt of gratitude which the movement owed to the medical profession who, he said, did the spade work while the fruit was gathered through the Bngade.

Dr. Benton responded, and expressed his pleasure at being present.

SubmItting the" East Ham Division," District Officer W. Liddell remarked that headquarters were aKYays satisfied with "No. IS," and in turn proposed the toast of tbat brancb, and coupled with It the recipients of the various honours.

Dr. McKettrick responded, and spoke of tbe early days in the history of the DIVision, adding that he was one of the oldest members, having held hIS posllion of DIVIsional Surgeo n since it was formed.

Ambulance Officer Harrop, Sergt. Walsby and Pte. Morrish also responded.

In presenting Dr. ;"lcKettrick with the Medal of Hon. Assoclateship of St. John of Jerusalem in England, the chairman referred to him as one of the orignal members of the medical profession to give his wbole-hearted aid to the cause, and he was now the oldest .3urgeon in No. I District. No .livision had ever had a man who devoted more time and patience to the work.

No. 2 District.

SOUTHAl\lPTON.-The annual first aid competition for the Hampshire Nursing DiviSions for the Rose Bowl given by the late Col. LeWIS was held at the Curlden Place Drill Hall, Southampton, on July 14th. Four teams entered for the competitIOn-from 13ournemouth, Colmon, Southamplon and Southbourne.

The judging was for the best handling of an imaginary accident by a team of five ambulance sisters, which was conducted by Dr. Bottomley, and each competitor was also examined individually by Dr. de Mowbray, of Lymington.

The bowl was won by the Bournemouth team, which consisted of Misses Aish, Alexander, Arkwright, MooringAldridge and Gardiner, with a total of 24 I marks out of 325 The South bourne team came in second wiih 217 marks.

On Friday, June 20th, a party of I I ambulance men and

August, 19 2 3. -l"IRST

13 ambulance nurses were senfto Dorchester on the occasion of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales visit to open tbe new Territorial Drill Hall. Bournemouth and Southbourne each provided five nurses, who were under the direction of Miss Compton, the So uthbourne Lady Divisional Supt., and Miss K. Sanders, 2nd Nursi ng The men were in the charge of Mr. R. Miles, 2nd Ambulance Officer.

The party were met at Dorchester by Captain White, Assis tant Commissioner for Dorset, who had applied for their services, and he marched them to Colli ton Park, where the S.J.A.B. headquarters were stationed. Here refreshments wer e provided, and the party were dispersed to five different dressi ng stations. About 18 cases were treated-mostly faints from the heat.

The Royal visit over, the party were given lunch at CoIlit on Park, and then dispersed to see the town. Later on Dr. a nd Mrs. Smerdon very kindly entertained the nurses to tea, a nd the return journey was made by the 5.4 1 train.

No. 3 District.

DUDLEY.- June 13th was a red letter day in the annals of the Corps when the Prince of Wales visited Dudley. 133

A ID.-

an honorary serving brother. During the 31 years he has been connected with the brigade he has attended a number of camps and his geneality has there won him great popularity and there are very few officers and men of No. 3 district who do not remember his familiar figure in camp. For 14 years he has carried out the duties of hon. secretary to the Assoc iation for the Dudley district and has therefore been responsible for the arrangement of classes and examinations therewith affecting hundreds of people who now possess their first aid and nursing certificates, &c. His Royal Highness asked how long Corps Supt. Hartland had been in uniform, and was told that he joined the volunteers 45 years ago. H.R,H. then enquired about his health and expressed a wish that he would have continued good health to enjoy more years of service.

At the close of the day Corps Supt. Raybould thanked aJl those on duty and congratulated them on their smart appearance. He said that twenty cases had been reported but fortunately nothing of a serious nature had occurred. Assistant Commissioner Simpson and County Surgeon Darby who were welcomed and introduced to the Dudley and District Corps by the Corps Supt. addressed those on parade and spoke in very eulogistic terms of all they had seen that day . It certainly reflected great credit upon the Corps, and will live in the

Group of the 82nd (Gorring Park) Division on duty at Mitcham Old Fair.

officers and men and nursing sisters were on duty under the comma nd of Corps Supt. G. N. Raybould. Along the line of there were more than twenty ambulance stations, fully and ready for any emergency. Assistant CommISSioner F. Simpson and County Surg-eon Darby were early on the •. and shortly after 9.30 a.m. made an inspection of the In company with the Corps. Supt. They were pleased With the arrangements and congratulated the organiser ;j,nd those on duty

At the town hall the corps officers, assistant commissioner, an d county lined up on the left of the town's guard of honour and witnessed the Prince of Wales' Reception by the Mayor Corporat;on. This was followed by a number of presentatIons to H. R. H. the first of which was that of Corps S.upt. W E. Hartland (reserve), one of the founders and pIoneers of the ambulance brigade in Dudley, and the oldest member on parade. This officer is held in high esteem by the and. po.ssesses the long service medal and two bars, the lamond Jubilee medal, and the coronation medal, and is also

memories of those members who had given their services that day to alleViate the sufferings of the townspeople :Jf Dudley. Corps Supt. Ollis (R) was adjutant for the day and carried out his duties in an able manner. Supt. A. Winbow, Dudley Division, and Corps Sergt.-Major Webb also worked indefatigably to ensure the success of the day.

IIi addition to the officers menticned, the following were on parade :-Corps Sec. J. H. Whorton, Corps Treasurer Cook, Corps Officer Bourne, Supts. Winbow, Harris and Lakin, Lady Supts. Ollis, Hodgetts and Hamblett.

LEICESTER.-The annual inspectIOn of the Corps was made by Col. MO'Jre (Deputy Chief Commissioner) on July 14th. Amongst those present were District Commissioner Rev. Dore Rudgard and County Officer A. Browne. The following corps officers were present: A. W. Walker, J. W. Farmer, J. Powell, F. G. Brise, H. W. Martin, H. Elliott, J. Hill, A. Mehew, H. Leeson, C. O. Dixon, W. Martin, H. L. Tucker, J. King, and T. Matthews.

-FIRST

The Ladies' Corps was also inspected, the officers being: Corps Supt. Mrs. L. E. Taylor, Mrs. K. S. Stanyon, and Miss Partridge.

After the inspection of the 200 members present, Colonel Moore presented Supt. J. F. limson, of the Vaughan College Division, with two Bars, rt>presenting 25 years' service, and the following members with medals for IS years' service :--Div Supt. A. Mehew, Sergt. H. Mayne, and Pte. N. Whittle ( Hinckley Division ), Sergt. G. H. Bradley, Corpl T. Moore, Pte. F. Earl, and W. Reeve (Y .M.C.A. Division), Ambulance Officer Miss E. Gresley, Miss F. Fletcher, and Nursing Sister A. Cave (of the Nursing Division ). Selections were played by the Corps Band, under bandmaster C. D. Hickling.

The Corps attended divine service on July sth at the Bishop St. Wesleyan Chapel, when the Rev. H. Mudie Draper preached, and the newly formed band rendered valuable services and should prove a great asset to the Corps.

WARWICKSHIRE.- The annual inspection of the Corps took place last month under ideal conditions. The Salvation Army Band led the divisions as they smartly marched on to the parade grourld, where each took up its allotted position, with the three nursing divisions on the e xtrem e right of the long line.

The divisions and officer in charge of each were as follows :-Nursing Divisions: Coventry City, Mrs. Hewitt; Coventry Three Spires, Mrs. Tipler; and Nuneaton, Mrs. Amos. Ambulance Divisions: Wilnecote, Ambulance Officer Young; Nuneaton, Supt. Hall; GrIff, Supt. Neath; Coventry, ( City ), Supt. H. W. Jackson; Holbrook ( Folesh ill ), Sergeant Skinner; Bishop's Itchington and Leamington, Staff·Sergeant Jones; Longford ( Headquarters ) Sergeant Davenport; and Daimler, Sergeant Jones. The parade numbered upwards of 25 0

The announcement that the Chief Commissioner, Sir James Andrew Clark, had wired his inability to make the inspection, caused keen disappointment, and this was mingled with sympathy and regret when it became known that the Commissioner for the district, the Rev. W. Dore Rudgard, was confined to his residence through illn ess. Under these circumstances the chief duty fell upon the Assistant District Commissioner, iviajor Dr. John Orton, who was accompanied by Corps Supt. W. J. Verrier ( Rugby ), Corps Secretary, H. M. Bethell (C oventry ), Corps Officer W. Hirons (C oventry) and Corps Officer A. C. Wilk ins, and Corps Sergt-Major H. H. WIlkin'> (Longford). Others present included the Bishop of Coventry (Dr. Lisle Carr), the Mayor (Alderman W. Hewitt ) Mr. John Lupton, and a numerous company of int erested onlookers.

Following the inspection, Major Dr. John Orton, addressing the parade, said he was sure they regretted as much as he did that Sir James Clark was unable to be present

He thanked them most sincerely for coming from the north and the south of the county in order to make up the ex cellent display which they had given that day. The whole parade had turned out extremely well; he had seen every pouch on the ground, he had inspected the kit belonging to ea ch division, and they were all in splendid order, and did great credit to those responsible for them.

WELLIN GB OROUGH.-The annual inspection of the Corps took place on July 28th at Rushden, the Chief Commissioner being the inspecting officer. After the ceremony he hander! the long service medal5 to Corporal Parker and p rivate Sanders, and the first bar and star to Corporal Sparrow, these three V\Tellin g borough men being warmly congratulated upon their devotion to the Brigade. The parade was commanded by Supt. J. C. Parker.

NO.4 District.

1? connection with the Association of Cheshire Corps and DlvlslOns of the St. John Ambulance BriCTade, the annual review and inspection took place on July 16th at New Mills.

The Corps and Divisions assembled at the L. & N.W. Railway StatIOn, and marched (acc ompanied by New Mills

Military Band ) via Albion Road, Union Road, Market Street, Spring Bank, Dye House Lane, Hyde Bank, and Church Road to the Football Field, where the Review and inspection were held.

Despite the bitterly cold weather, there was a very good attendance of the pubiJc to witness the display of ambula nce work. The various units were reviewed by Commissio ner

Colonel C. J. Trimble, C. S., C. M.G., V.D., D.L., and Assistant Commissioner Woodcock was also present. The parade was under the command of Assistant l.,ommissioner C. H. Fowler J ones, who also was in charge of the ambulance divisions.

District Officer W. Maxwell Reek 1e, O. B.E., wa" \0 command of the Nursing Divisions and Divisional Superintendent C. W. Tapson, D.C.M., acted as Adjutant.

The I nspecting Officer was received with a general salute, the band playing for the salute. Colonel Trimble afterwards inspected the parade in line, and the hrigade marched past in column of route.

Under Superintendent Tate , of Bollington, Bollington, Dukinfield, and Holmes Chapel Ambulance D.visions gave a d is play of open and closed stretcher drill. Nursing Sisters of Whaley Bridge, Stockport, Reddish, Dukinfield, and Stalybridge, gave a display of wound dressing, roller bandag ing and sheet changing, under Lady Superintendent, M iss Leigh, of Stockport, and were examined by Dr. Whitehead, hon. surgeon, of New Mills Division. Hazel Grove, ewtown, and Macclesfield, with Superintendent \Vild ( ewtown ), in command, followed with an exhibition of triangular bandaging of the scalp, back, knee, and hip, and Stockport, Reddish, and Altrincham Divisions, directed by Supt. Moores (Stoc kport ), improvised first aid without bandages for fra c tured humerus, forearm, leg and sprained ankle. Beds were on the field, and the nursing divisions showed how patients were received and placed 1D bed when brought in on stretchers by the men. The same divisions also gave a d is play under Lady Superintendent Mrs. Tonge, of triangular and roller bandaging of breast, shoulder, and elbow. vVhaley Bridge, TIredbury, and Romiley divisions, in charge of Supt. Widdop (Whaley Bridge), showed art tficial respiration and hand seat drill.

At the close of the display the parade formed into three sides of a square and were addressed by Colonel Trimble. He said he had again had the pleasure of inspecting the units comprising that port io n of their organisation. To him, the inspection that day was perhaps one of the best he had seen.

CHESTE R.-The Annual Inspection was held on July 21st in the beautiful grounds of "Greenbank," kindly lent by l\lr. and Mrs, E. Peter Jones.

1\Iiss Constance Dickson was in com mand of the Nursing Division, and Dr. Lawson Russell in command of the Ambulance Division. The number on parade was very {air considering the holiday season, and both Colonel Trimble and Mrs. Warneford reported good progress (or a three-year-old Division.

Several Blue Coat Schoolboys acted as patients and lay out in the surrounding fields until fetched into the waiting ambulance by the stretcher bearers.

The members afterwards enjoyed an excellent tea prov id ed by Mrs. E. P. Jones

Her Grace, the Duchess of Westminster, presented the awards for the year, including the Carstairs Jones Cup and the Cayzer Gold Medal, and complimented all present on a successful year's work, particularly that connected with the Orthop cedic After-Care Clin ic, wh ic h is staffed jointly by members of the S.J.A. B. and the British Red Cross Soci ety_

No. 5 District.

BATLEY.-An imaginary explosion at the Batley Corporation Gasworks on August 4th, in conn ection with which there was assumed to be a serious list of casualties, affording a striking example of the smartness, efficiency, and immense public value of the local St. John Ambulance movement.

It being the quarterly parade at Batley of the Heavy Woollen District Corps of the St. John Ambulance Association, which includes Batley, Dewsbury, Birstall, Ravenstborpe, Mir-

August, 19 2 3. -FIRST

field and Ossett Divisions, it occurred to Supt. Horace Horne, of the Batley Brigade, that it would be an appropriate occasion on which to carry out an efficiency test, and he accordingly set to work to organise the proceedings.

Members of the corps assembled at the Batley Ambulance Station early in the afternoon (th ere being about 25 men and 30 nurses on parade), and according to programme the men left the station for a route march and drill practice, most of them at all events, in ignorance of what was to occur. Not long' after their departure, however, a "terrible explosion" occurred (by arrangement) at the Batley Gasworks. The promoters having enl isted the hearty co-operation of Mr. R. H. Duxbury, the engineer and manager of the works, that gentl eman saw to it that a touch of realism was given to the" explosion" by arranging for the discharge of a quantity of brimston e and potash, which made c;.uite a respectable" report.')

Immediately after the explos ion Mr. Duxbury rushed to the telephone to acquaint the headquarters of the Ambulance Bril;;a de of the" disaster " that had happened, involving many "casualties/ and at this juncture occurred a real incident that ought not to be without its lesson to the responsible parti es. When the telephone call was put in at the gasworks the reply re ceived was that the telephone at the ambuiance station was out of order. I t was, therefore, impossible to communicate with those in charge of the ambulance headquarters by telep hone.

Fortunately for the smooth working of Saturday's organisal1on, when the telephone had failed it was possible to dispatch a messenger by motor-car to the ambulance station to summon "all available men and equipment." Upon receipt of the "news" Supt. Hall mmediately gave instructions for the ambu lance station to be converted into a temporary hospital, wit h beds, &c., prepared for the urgent reception of pattents. At the same time, he dispatched a motor-cyclist messenger after the officers and men on route march with an urgent messag e to make for the" scene of the disaster " with all possibl e speed. To many of the men on parade, as well as to the nursing sisters at the ambulance station, these instructions came with all the serIousness of reality, and there was commendabl e discipline and promptitude in carrying out the orders giv en. Meanwhile Supt. Horne lost no time in driving the motor-ambulance waggon, laden with all necessary equipment -stretchers, blankets, first-aid apparatus, &c.-to the scene of the explosion, where the men arrived in excellent time.

In the organisation of the test ten boys had been commissioned as " patients, " and they had been judiciously distributed all over the works, in places unknown to the ambulance men, who , in consequence, had to scour the whole of the extensive pla nt in search of (C casualties," some of which, it may be said, had been placed in positions difficult of access and not easily discerDible. Each" patient" bore a card indicating the "injuries" from which he was" suffering "-previously prepared by Dr. A. G. S. Broughton, who took a keen interest in the proc eedings.

The test was of a very complete and exacting nature, and it was carried out with commendable thoroughness. The fact tha within twenty-five minutes of the first" call)) reaching the ambulance station all the ten "patients )) were in "hospital" is in itself a very striking commentary on the smartness, skill, and efficiency of the local am bulance organisation.

LINCOLN.-Lt.-Col. F. S. Lambert, R.A.M.C.(T.F .) , Assistant Commissioner of the D istrict, reviewed the Corps on July 21st, when a large crowd assembled to witness an interesting display.

The Corps was congratulated on its display by Lt.-Col. F. ? Lambert, who appealed to the members to always keep their of saving life before them. I t was a big ideal, for which It was worth sacrificing much.

The Corps consisted of men, women and children, and all appeared to have their hearts in their work.

The most interesting illustration of the work was contained m a representation of an auto bicycle coming down a lane and crashing into a group of children playing in the roadway. Ambulance men, returning from a field day, see the accident,

AI 0.-

and one of their number gives pursuit to the offending motor cyclist, whilst the remainder render first aid to the children, and here the various methods of treating different injuries, such as fractured thighs, fractured forearms, broken legs and fractured collar bones, cuts, and the like was clearly shown.

The Corps marched on to the ground at the Arboretum to the familiar tune of "The Lincolnshire Poacher," played by Ruston's band, and went through their stretcher drill with Ambulance Officer Jeffrey.

The officers present were Dr. R. Ashleigh Glegg (Cor ps Corps Officer W T. M. Trafford ( in charge ) Corps Officer Alston, Ambulance Officers Seaton Lord, Hackford, Jeffrey and Chantry, Nursing Sister Swallow, and Nurse Ambulance Officer J. Simms.

The displays, which were carried through very expe ditiously, lasted just over an hour, and at the conclusion the Corps, headed by the Ruston Band, marched from the Arboretum through the city.

A and B Divisions were afterwards given tea at the Cooperative Hall, and were addressed by Alderman \Vhite, who for many years has been a loyal supporter of the Corps.

No.

8 District.

REIGATE.- The annual inspection of Borough Corps took place in the grounds of the Reigate Grammar School on July 18th. the inspecting officer being Brig.-General E. A. T. Tudor, C.M .G , Assistant Commissioner {or Surrey. He was accompanied by County Surgeon A. E. Porter (who is also the Corps Surgeon), Corps Supt. E. E. H eesom and Corps Officer J. S. Banbury. Those who watch ed the parade included Mrs. Heesom, Miss Bateman, Dr. C. H. James, Dr. C. H. Milner (Divisional Surgeon for Reigate), and Corps Secretary A. J. Stewart.

The Redhill Division was in charge of Div. Supt. F. A. Sutton, who commanded the parade. Lance-Sergeant B. E. Norman was in charge of the Reigate Division. The Redhill and Reigate Nursing Division was under the command of Divisional Lady Supt. Mrs. H. Sutton.

After the preliminruy inspection, the men were subjected to field drill, followed by a demonstration with stretchers. The nurses found several Willing" victims " and bandaged them for imaginary wounds and fractures.

NO.9 District.

DART:\rooR.-During July the Mutl ey Division of the Borough of Plymouth Corps held an enjoyabl e week-end camp on Dartmoor far from the great Burrator .Reservoir which supplies the distant town of Plymouth With water. The members of the Division, under Supt. A. R. Ponsford, not only spent a very enjoyable time with happy social intercourse, but engaged in useful exercises and study. Considerable interest was aroused in the quaint moorland village of Meavy when the unit marched to the Church for Sunday morning service. Befor e very long it is hoped to repet the acampo

First Aid Well Rendered.

EFFICIENT First Aid was rendered by two G.W. Railway ambulance workers at Swindon on July 24th, to a man who sustained terrible inj uries through the snapping of a revolving blade of a wood-cutting machine, the steel piercing deeply into his left thigh , severing several arteries, and but for the prompt aid rendered by Messrs. Day and Ludlow, who arrested hoemorrhage, the man, in the opinion of the doctor who was called to the case, would have bled to death

The ,. PLUMBER & JOURNAL OF HEATING" (I s. monthly) is THE paper for all progressive tradesmen.-Publishing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C.4.

The Ambulance Department of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem as a Civic Welfare Auxiliary.*'

By HEDLEY V . MILLER. Assis t a n t Commissio n er Sf. j ohn

THE inclination is indeed strom?, and only suppressed for the sake of brevity, to introduce this paper with a detailed historical sketch of the welfare work accomplished by Christendom's most ancient Order of Chivalry, the Order o f St. John of Jerusalem

The Order grew out of the humane steps taken by the good merchants of A m alfi, n ear Naples, to aid the an? suffering pilgrims to the Holy Land, by the foundmg m 1056 of the Community and Hospital at Jerusalem. Within a few years the Order was established in Palestine and Europe , heing famous at the Crusades and elsewhere not only for kightly prowess, but deeds of mercy . L'3.ter, the Knights of St. John with their fleets transported the pilgrims, and also fought the M e diterranean corsairs, delivering, healing, and then becoming the hosts of the Christians, found enslaved in the Ottoman galleys So down the centuries, the Order has ever borne the hallmark of a w ell -defined welfare movement.

In 18 72, Surgeon- Mel j o r Shepherd, a member of the Order, as revived in England, gave £ 100 for the establishment of an ambu lance service in Potteri e s. It was little realised then that a seed was S O WD, which in h a lf-acentury would grew into a mighty tree, " whose leaves are for the healing of the nations." Within five years the ambul a nce department of the Order was formed as a result o f the Potteries ( x periment ; it can FlOW claim to be one o f t h e greatest movements for t he of human suffering in the world

The formation of the St. J o hn Ambulance As w:: iation (the name given to the new organisation ) was followed, ten years later, in 1887, by th e inaugurati o n of the St. John Ambulance Bngade. The fir st -named body now concerns it self with the education of the public in first-aid a nd kindred subjects, also with the provision of ambulance appliances for civilian needs, whil e the latter receives t h e men and womtn trained by the Association, a nd organises them for individual and collective a ttendance on the sick and iujured. Th e St. John Ambulance Brigade within the British Isles.is approxim ltely 45,000 strong, comprising surgeons, tramed nurses, officers, ambulance men and sisters, all serving on a voluntary basis.

It is beyond the scope of this paper to enlarge on th e assistance the workers of the Order rendered to the medical d e partments of H M. Forces during the Great War, but it should be emphasised that it was mainly due to their training and experience gained in pre-war service for the cJmmunity, they were able to immediately undertake sterner tasks

What applies to those enlisted applies with equal force to those who worked through the Whitby Bombardment, the Irish Easter Reb e llion, the air raids, or who staffed the home hospitals, unloaded the ambulance trains rushed to the sc e nes of munition disasters, or received pitiable victims of the submarine and mine warfare.

It must be patent to any observer of contemporary events how the St. John Ambulance proves itself to be a valuable au xi liary to the police, fire, health, and other

* A P a per read befo re the R oy al In st itu te of Public Health.

welfare servicts on occasions of public emergency. The reports of the influenza epidemics, the tragic tales of mine or in?ustrial the disturbing story of clvll commotIOn, the thr llling narrative of a great fire, or the account. of deva.statmg I:0uth cannot be fully recorded wlthout tn bemg paId to the ubiquitous ambulancers. On a glonous summer afternoon in 1912, in the presence of th0usands of their comrades p a rading at Wmdsor, a pa,ty of first-aid men gave an exhibition of c J lliery rescue work before the K ing and Queen. N ot many days elapsed and England was shocked to learn of the terrible Cadeby Mine di sa ster, and, numbered among the dead, p e rishing in their rescue work, were the meD, who, at the Am bulance Review proudly demonstrated their perilous task before their Sovereign Head and Patron briefly the Order's history from a humaOltanan standpomt, the origin and scope of th e Ambulance Department, and its ability to render aid in times of war, pestilence and disaster, it remains to examine the value of the movement to those responsible to the Government or local auth o rities for the care of the community in its normal daily life

.Instead of making a wide survey, beadquarters have specially request e d that mainly the work done in Pl y mouth, the Congress town, be used to illustrate what can b e acc omplisbed by the Order as a civic we lfare auxiliary !bls has a dual advant age - o the delegates suffic iently mterested to enable them to witness the activities herein mentioned, and to the writ e r of being able to describe a work of which he ha.s inti.m a te k.nowledge, and whose rapid growth he ha, be m Identlfi ed wI th through all i ts stag es.

The Plymouth and Dlstnct Ambulance Service is controlled by an influ e ntial local or " Centre " C o mmittee of the John Ambul a nce As so ciation wi th the Mayor as Chairman The voluntary personnel is p rovided and organised by the B o rough (If Plymouth Cor ps of the St. J ?bn Ambulance Br!g a de wh ic h is u nde r the supr e me directIOn of the Chief Commission e r in L o nd o n. N o t only ar e the Assoc ia tion and Br igade abl e harmon io u s ly to to co-ordin a te, but the Plymouth V A. D.'s of the British Red. S Jciety are co -opt:rating with the Order's nursmg UDitS.

In these mercenary days, the unselfishness of the workers is worthy of menti o n, for, with the e xception of a permanent staff of men, vo}unteers are maintaining a complete day and night service; these public-spirited men and women, number i ng about three hundred even purchasing their uniforms and equipment.' This labour why such an extensive or g anisation, sometlm e 3 deahng wlth twenty cases a day, can be financed for '£2,400 per annum.

Excluding infectious cases, all the 'Am bulance work of the town and surrounding areas is entrusted to the De.partD?ent the .qrder of St. John. There are eight directIOns 10 whIch CIVIC welfare work is accomplish.ed, viz (I) E?ucation, (2 ) Public Duty, (3) a First-aid SerVIce, Transport, (5) Ambulance auxiliaries for the Brigades, (6) Nursing, (7) The Loan of Sick Room Apphances, (8) Removal of the Sick and Injured from Ships.

The Educational Work mainly resolves itself into instruction in and nursing! .but occasionally lectures are given on hygiene and mIlItary s anitation. Thanks to .a large staff of surgeon.s, including several ladles and gentlemen of hIgh professlonal attainment, free training is available for every inhabitant of the the B.orou.gh. Although the lectures and examinations are pnmanly arranged as a means of recruitment for the

August, -FIRST

Ambulan c e Service, all desiring this valuable are welcomed. In this connection all the newly-enrolled police constables gain their first -aid certificate S "Postgraduate " lectur e s, the elem e ntary training of juvenile o rg aDisations, press and platform pr o pag a nda, and first -aid and nursing competitions, all contribute in educ a ting the St. John workers and the community in the prevention a nd alleviation of suffe ring

( lob e co nclude d. )

Why First-Aid should be taught in Elementary Schools.

By MI S S W. M. S E AR GEANT.

FIRST AID is a very useful su bje ct to t each chi ldr e n who are old e nou g h to unde rsta nd the great n e c e ssity and adva nt age of b ei n g abl e t o g fv e re lief i mm e di a t e.l y in c ase of acci d e nts or illn e s s, and to p r e vent furth e r injury. Fo r youth ful stud e nts i t is pOS SI b le that a sp e cial abrigded Tex t Boo k wo uld b e sp e cl a llv com pi le d, as the su b j e ct is a fairly txte ns ive o ne and r eq u r e s mu c h study and pract i ce, and th e y m ust und e rstand q uit e clearly that any assistance they re nd e r wo uld b e as a temporary measure only. Th e m ajo r ity of children a re clear-head e d and q Ulckwitte d , and as anatomy and phys iol ogy are two important subje cts t a u gh t in s c h oo ls, th is wo uld give them a d ee p e r un d erst a nding and mu c h greater interest in first-a i d, and pro b ab ly e nabl e th em to rend er a s sistance not only amo n gs t th ei r own c0mpan io ns, but in the ir homes, and in the st ree ts i f circum stances of nec e ssity occuw:! d. Very plrtic u la rly would t his early a ssistanc e b e of value in remo t e c o untry vill a ges, som e of which are par ti cularly isola t e d, an d it is pO'3sible ha t it m ig ht e ve n mean the savi n g of valu a ble lives

It is hardly possible to m e ntion in detail the larg e nu mber o f c as e s which might nt e d he lp , but two of the mo st import an t and most fr e qu e nt instances would hre rnorrhage and fractures.

F or instance, on cutting a finger, the first impulse is to rush to a CO ld water tap, or to a pond or spring as the ca se may be, when the injured member is held for several mi nutes in the water which is n o t by any means sterile an d it is quite possible for a germ to enter the wound a nd ca use grave developments, while if the finger had been fir mly bound up with a clean handkerchief, or even clean pape r if nothing better was available, until proper attention co uld be given, much trouble might have been sav e d. Again, the sight of blood flowing greatly upsets some and too oft e n a n injured limb is left hanging h elplessly down, thus encouraging more extensive bleeding, while the patient being too trightened to help herself (or hi mself ) seeks assistance from a nt:ighbour or simply hugs t he injured limb, while even a child with a n idta of the need of prompt action could give relief and p rev e nt c ollapse by elevating the limb, covering the wound and a pplying digital pressure, or in the case of a l eg or trunk injury, persuade the patient to lie down, and in this way obtain in addition nature's assistance in checking h re rnorrhage.

On school playing fields fractures are very apt to occur, and great suffering and complications can be avoided by improvising bandages and splints, and placing the injured limb at rest witbout delay, and arranging for medical assistance and the removal of the patient as com -

AID.-

fortably and expediti o usly as po ssi ble Also the treatment for shock is all important.

Faints and fits are casts that are frequent, and instead of being shocked and helpless at seeing the sufferers, children with a little training would render help readily in an emerg e ncy and without h e sitation.

In cases of drowning , or in a n y case where artificial respirat ion m a y be necessary, it is hardly lt kely that even a well-grown girl or boy would be suffici e ntly strong to perform the movements yet the re ar e ma n y ways in which they could be of assistance, as they w o uld work under dir e cti o ns from an old e r person with a qu icker comprth e nsian and carry more r e liable m e ssag e s when se e king help

Th is little g irl won the first pri ze at a carnival held at Rhymney. The costume is made entirely from the covers of FIRST A m

or arranging for tbe reception of the patient, than one who had had no training at all.

It is not likely, however, that any other than th e most simple and preliminary form of first-aid would be included in a school syllabus, and students with thoughtful nature'3 would probably be the most successful, as it is possible for mis-directed enthusiasm to do a great deal of harm.

However, there is no reason why this subject, welltaught during school days , should not prove a very valuable foundation and an incentive to further study and interest in later days, and be the means of much useful work being done in the cause of humanity.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention First Ald."

-FIRST London Ambulance Service.

FOR the idormation of our London readers we give particulars of the Am bulance Service.

The London Ambulanc e Service was established by the Connty Council in 1915, for the conveyance, at any hour of the day or night, of persons suffe ring from accident or sudden illness from the streets or public places, such as railw a y stati o n s, th e atres, factories, workshops, etc , to hospitals, infirmaries, or their homes.

Cases of accid e nt occurring in private houses are also accepted.

The S e rvice is not, in ordinar y circumstac e s, intended for the r e moval of persons suffe ring from illness in private houses.

Urgent parturition cas es are removed from private places of busin e ss, etc , to hosp itals on the application of a duly qualifi ed medical practitioner or a certificat e d midwife, provided that e ither a certificat e d midwife or the doctor accompani t s the case.

The Chi e f Officer of th e London F ire Brigade is Officer·i n-Charge o f the London A mb ulance S e rvice.

Authorised Staff of Officers 9S

Stations 7

Mo t o r Ambulanc e; II

A MBULANC E STATION S.

A. 239, N or th End -road, Fulham.

B. 1 S. H e rbrand -stre c, T a vistock-pl acf» W.e.

c. S, Moutclare-street, Bethnal Green, E.

D. 142, H igh -r oad, L e e, S.E.

E S, Buckner -road, Acr e- l a nce, Br ixt on, S W.

F St. G e orge's M a rk e t, El e phant & Castl e , S E.

G. Wool m o re -stre e t, Poplar.

AID. - August, 1923.

To secure such efficiency, telephonic facilities should be available at intervals of not more than 400 yards in every one of the more important streets and roads in the County.

Telephone subscribers willing to assist should send their telf-phone numbers and addresses to the Officer-inCharg e of the Service, 94, Southwark Bridge-road, S.E. 1.

3loints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-witk spec ia l reference 10 g ood and bad {Joints in 7 reatment-for inclttsion in tkis Column.

A CUR IO US FATAL

An elderly man and h is daughter were cycling down a country lane on the ir way to a neighbour in g town. As they were late for an appo intment , they a cc epted the invitation of a friend to hang on to the hood o f his motor car . A few m inutes later the daughter ' s hat flew o ff

Both cyclists released their hold simultaneously and coll ided. The daughter was unhurt ; but the father fell heavily on the ground and sustained a fra c ture of base of skull to the effects of wh ic h he su cc umbed next day.-R.K. , Kentish Town.

FIR ST- A ID WITH E FF ICI ENC Y.

An ex-sold ier, equ ipped with an art ifi c ial h a nd wh ic h replaced the one lost i n the late W a r, was bu si ly a work pulling a bale of wool wi t h the arti fi c ial band, the hook of which sl pped and penetrated his r ight th gh. S carlet blood im med iately began to spurt freely from a wounded femoral Fortun a tel y an ambul a nce man was working near by. He at onc e pl ac ed pat ient fla t on ground , raise d inj ured limb, and without delay exerted d igi ta l pressure on the pelv ic brim, thereby keep in g the torn a rtery under control for ten m inutes when a d oct or arr iv ed and took c harge. Without th is ass istan ce so effi c iently rendered the patient would have d ied .-R .K. , K ent ish To wn.

Hysteria.

-FIRST Bristol Centre Competition.

THE annual str e tcher competition of the Bristol Centre of the Association was carried through on July 28th at the Z oological Gardens, and except for a slight shower, was favoured with delightful weather. The event proved even more popular than on .occasions, the nUD?ber. of entries-twenty-seven-constttutmg a record, The Judgmg was carried out to everyone's satisfaction by the following ge ntl e men :-Dr. H. C. Kyle, Dr. B. N Blood, Dr. H. W. M Strover, Dr. E. G. C. Atchley, Lieut. -Col. P. H. Collingwood, and Dr. F. Bodnian, of Bristol Royal Infirm ary. Each t e am (of five .men) was practical .test i n stretcher work, bandaglDg, and appilcat Jon of sphnts, b es ides being submitted to an oral examination.

The B ea vis Cup (for teams whose members hold the St. John Ambulance Association First Aid Certifiote) was won by the Gre at Western Railway No. team ( 97), with G. W R West D e pot second (96), a nd Clifton, third (91).

The winning team consisted of F. Shepherd, W. Stud l ey, E J a keway, A. E. Scott ( jun .) and H. Collard.

Mrs. Squire 's Cu p ( handicap ) was won by Packet's (wi th 101 points ) , who were follow e d by Clifton (97) and G. W. R. passeng e r guards (84 ). Packer's team: Messrs. H . P Wiltshire, W. G. Hutchins, A. E. Dunford, J. F. B arnes and J. A. G o sling. Th e qualification for entry was the p o ss e ssion of a St. John Ambulance Association meda ll ion.

Cl i fton won the Novice Cup with 80 points, their n earest r i vals being Redland Divi s ion (74) and G.W.R. N o. 3 (6 9) Clifton's team: M es srs. Gribble (sen. ) , Gr i bble (j un .) , Skinner, Hacker, and Norman.

Th e cup and m e dals were afterw a rds p resented by the Sh eriff of Bristol ( Mr. H o race W alker), who congratulated the H e also g e nerously offered to provide a fo r comp e tition among t e ams of women next year.

Safety First.

AID.-

to their mental canstitution. The various mental characteristics which make it difficult or impossible for the individual worker to secure himself against accidents are discussed in a very interesting way, but it would take too long to hEra into deta.ils only " certain more important hnes of thought wlll be mdIcated.

J\mbulance News euttings.

The Edito r inv ites r eaders to send ne wspaper cutti ngs on matte rs oj ge n eral in t erest for in clu sion i n tkis column.

FL YIN G Hm. IE TO DI E

A Belgian woman, suffering from a incurable d isease, flew from London to Brussels recently. She had expressed a wish to die at her old home.

The woman was a patient in a London hospital and was driven in an ambulance to Croydon Air Stat on, where she was transferred to an air liner in which a bed had taken the place of the usual seat ing accommodation for eleven people.

The 45o-h.P eng ine had been specially silenced and the patient was 200 m iles between Lond?n and Brussels in I hour 40 mlDutes ID absolute comfort -Da zly iJIad

T HE P ATI ENT AN D TH E A l\IBULA NCE

The case of a patient and a doctor be ing jointly su e d by an urban council for the bire of an ambulance was well descr ibed as an important one to the profession. The doctor, impressed with the urgency of what appeared to have been acute abdominal symptoms, ordered an ambulance for the removal of the patient to hospital for opera tion, which, by the way, the latter refused to undergo and getting better was discharged.

Ho w TO SU MM ON AN A MBULA NCE.

The T t lephone Exchan ge should be asked for "AMBULANCE." No numb er is required Should the call be from a call office no fee is charged, nor is such call debited against a private subscriber who may allow his telephone to be used.

On communication b e ing effected with Headquartp,rs of the London Ambulance Service, particulars as to the locality of the accid e nt or illn e ss should be given, together with the nam e of th e caller.

A motor ambulance is at once despatched to the spot, accompanied by trained att endants with and firstaid equipmen t" First aid is r e ndered where necessary, and the sufferer is rem ovt d e xp editiously to the nearest hospital or similar institution.

An essential feature of the ambulance scheme for London is the use by the police i n uniform, for the purpose of summoning ambulances, of private t e lephones. An indicating tablet is placed upon premises where, by the courtesy of the occupan t s, t e l ep ho nes arc available for the

A number o f tel e ph o nes a re at present available in variou s p a rts of L o nd o n, In order that the e fficiency of the s e r vic e m a y b e se cur e d, th e c o -o peration of private subscri be rs w t h e L o n do n T ele phone S ervice is necessary.

"AN ex c itable m is s when slightly opp osed Will suffer l ike th is , in deplorable throes ; She ll subs ide on a cou c h , or any soft place, She ll froth at the mouth, and make a grimace : Sbe l! grind her teetb, and shake her bair loose, She ll kick with her fe et, and give you abuse. "

"She ll laugh and she'll cry, and eyeballs turn up, A nd other tr icks try, if you wait long enou {! h ; Eyelids she'll lift, eyelids she 'll lower, Her actions are swift, as you may be sure; I nsensib ility you ' ll find, is not quite complete, So in that, she will not be able to cheat. "

" In a case like this, you surely know, That kindness and sympatby, you must not show; But firmly speak, and do your best, I f no result, try the cold water test; Then having done this to give further relief, At the back of tbe neck place a mustard leaf."

" Encourage the maiden to sleep a few hours, While you carefully watcb her breathing powers; Wben she wakes from her sleep, your work is o'er, Your services then, sbe'll require no more; Then let this be YO'-lr last admonition, Take advi ce now, and certainly see a physician."

G. W. (Leeds ).-We are afraid we cannot advise you, but would recommend you to write to your District Commissioner. We cannot understand what you mean by your Division not being recognised.

T HE fo llowing is an extract from a Review in the "International Labour Rev i ew, " Jun e , 1923, on " Mental Causes o f Accidents," by Boyd Fisher.

"The author takes the view that the efficacy of the methods hitherto employed for the prevention of accidents is nearly exhausted. The work of the safety engineers is becoming to become stereotyped and ineffectual, and picture posters have reached the limit of absurdity. This is quite incomprehensible, for it is seldom possible to maint ain a position by the same methods which achieved it. A remarkable individual treatm e nt of the workers on the mental side, which the author calls accident hygiene, is recommended as the next step in accident prevention work. It is shown in the book that the efforts hitherto made in accident prevention have bef.n applied only to the work e rs in the mass. A suspicion is expreSSEd that in this the capacity of the worker to protect himself has been over-rated. It has been supposed that it was only necessary to arouse the worker's sense of responsibility, whereas in fact mental peculiarities have often prevented from contributing, to the extent expected of them, to making their work more safe.

"Fisher's fundamental idea is to regard people suffering from mental defects in a certain sense as unprotected machines, and to provide them with the assistance suitable

The patient, being charged 23s. Sd. for the ambulance, declined to pay as he d id not order it. Thereupon the doctor was joined as a in the county court cl a im. !he judge, however, deCided that t he j ell up on p a t zent. It is interesting to note the strc.ng vIew whIch the Judge t<?ok of professional respon sib ilty endorsed the do c tor's act.lOn from every point of VIew, observlOg that although the patIent protested he was able and willing to have travelled in an omnibus sucb a course might well have been dangerous, that the patient might have had ground for compla int on that score, and characterised the defence as "d iscred i table ." - Medtcal W orld.

of the St. John Ambulance Movement in the North of England, has died at GatEshead in his 81st year. '3 e

THE A Division of the L. M.S Ambulance Centre were presented with their awards by Mr. J. Tandy, on July 5 th • Altogether 93 candidates were successful. =- • c;;

THE Ambulance Competition held in connection with the Barnoldswick Gala resulted as follows :-Ist, Nelson, 129 t marks; Brierfield (A), I26!; Colne, 108i- The IndIvidual Nursing Compnition, won by Nursing Sister M. Parkinson (Skipton).

When corresponding with Advertisers pleaie mention "First Ald."

DR. N. ANDERSON, the pioneer

- FIRST AID.- August, 1923.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER..

EDITORIALStimulating Interest in Brigade Work

Louder Ambulance Signals

DISTRICT REPORTSPrince of Wales's; No.2 NO·3···

NO.4 !; NO.5 No.8; NO.9

First A id Well Rendered

The Ambulance Department of the Order of St. Jor.n of Jerusalem as a Civic Welfare Auxiliary

"Vhy First Aid sould be taught in Elementary Schools ... London A.mbulance Se!'/i ce

PRACTICAL POINTS-

A Curious Fatal Accident

First Aid with Effici 7ncy

Hysteria

Bristol Centre Competition

Safety First

AM BULANCE NEWS CUTTINGSFlying Home to Die

The Patient and the Ambulance '" Brevities ...

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE-

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England

Appointments, &c.

Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve

V.A.D. Notes and News

Teeth and Health

PRIORY FOR WALES-

Brigade News

General Interest

Centre Reports

News in Brief

Ambulance Gathering at Chester

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR-

Danger of Matches

First Aid to Animals

First Aid to Footballers

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

Treatment of Fractured Patella ...

Walking with Fractured Knee-cap

Picric Acid for Burns

Roller Bandage for Lower Limb

Brevities.

A CORRESPONDENT in a recent issue of Times asks "Is it not time that some co-ordination existed between the respective ambulance services of the City and County of London? On Frida} evening an accident occurred on the Embankment, opposite the Temple Station, near the City boundary, a small boy being knocked down and evidently seriously injured. I know nothing of the circumstances of the accident beyond the fact that when I passed the spot shortly before 6 o'clock the lad was lying in the rOld bleeding profusely and it was at lea!!lt fifteen minutes later before an L.e.e. ambulance arrived. How long the lad had been lying there before I saw him I cannot say, but I do know that the delay occasioned considerable indignation amongst the crowd.

'*'*'*

"It is easy for the public to get excited in times of accidents, they think seconds are minutes," said Mr. Ingleby Oddie at an inquest recently at Westminster, when, referring to an alleged dday of half an hour in the arrival of an L.e.C. ambulance. c'The ambubnce," Mr. Oddie added, "took six minutes to arrive i:1stead of thirty minutes. What could be more prompt, more than that? 1I His experir.nce showed that the V:mdon ambulance service was an excellent on e. The promptitude with which it rendered public service in times of need was quite astonishing.

'* '* '*

A correspondent writes with the intention of emphasising the for knowledge of first aid. Inspired by holiday experiences, he states: "This year I chose to travel to a distant holiday r e sort, and as a result I have been converted into an ardent disciple of first-aid. The train on the outward journey was crowded, and the weather was fiercely warm. It was not surprising that one lady in the compartment fainted, but it is surprising and true that not one of her seven travelling companions had sufficient knowledge adequately to cope with the situation. This lack of knowledge made one feel very insignificant. During the holiday 1 discovered a motor cyclist lying on the roadway. He had come to grief in negotiating an awkward corner, and had strained his leg in some way. All that I could do for him was to remove his bicycle to safety and pull him-causing him excruciating pain-to the side of the road, and seek assistance. Had I possessed the necessary knowledge I could have sav(d at least two people inconvenience and pain, and that is the reason I am now reading books dealing with first-aid."

'* '*

'*

The annual report of the Priory for Wales (Order of St. John) show that there are now S4 Nursing Divisions, 142 Ambulance Divisions and 22 Corps. Among numerous calls for help was one from the matron of the City Lodge Infirmary, Cardiff, for qualified assistants. The United Services gave a grant tor the establishment of a hosttl for trained nurses and members of V.A.D.'s who served with the Forces, and a nurses' club has also b(en formed, with with reception and dining rooms and library. We note that there is a great desire to add massage to the usual subjects studied. It is hoped that more orthopedic clinics may be opened the one at Swansea has completed a year's work to the entire satisfaction of the Minister of Health.

August, 1923. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Supplement.

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of the Order

St. John's Gate, ClerRenwell, London, E.C., JIst July, I9 2 3·

The King has been g-raciously pleased to sanction the following promotion::. in, and appointments to, the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England:-

As Knights of Grace.-

Major Arthur Joseph Atkinson, T\LB.E. (from Esquire )

Lieut.-Colonel John Gilbert Browne, C. M.G., D.S.O. (from Esquire)

Robert Edwin Bush

William Robert Gourlay, C.S.I., c.l.E.

Surg eon Lieut.-Colonel Evan Evans, T.D., M. B., F.RC.S.,

D.P.H. (from Honorary Associate )

Henry Seymour Berry

A s Ladies 0i Grace.-

Sophi e, The Lady Wavertree, C.B.E.

Frances \Vheeler, Lady Smith

As Honorary Se?'v in o Brothers.

Captain Lachlan Frederick Copeland Maclean, O . B.E.

Captain and Quarter- Master James Frederick Booth

Francis Carr Bottomley, O.B.E., M.D.

Tudor Davies

Frederick East

Charles Herbert Fowler-J ones

Charlec; Greening

William Hares

Henry Joseph Hunting

Dan iel Jenkins

William Henry Johnson

Lemuel Jones

Joseph Kemp

William Ash Knott

Albert Laycock

George Ernest Lewis, D.C.M.

William Arthur Madge

Urban Marks, M.R.C.S., L.RC.P.

John Marshall

Robert Baird Milne, M. B.

David Morgan

George Harry Nelms

George Campbell Oliver

John Isaac Pepperell

Alec Reginal Towerzey

Brigadier-General Ernest Augustus Tudor Tudor, C.M.G.

As Honorary Serving Sisters,'

Annie Jane Mrs. Davies

Mary, Miss Metcalf, RR.C.

Evelyn Emma Cecilia, Miss Moore

Emily Harriette Oiseau, Mrs. Robinson

As Honorary Associates.

Bertram George Sandys Belas, L.R.C.P.I., L.RC.S.I.

Charles Joshua Joseph Harris, M.D., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

Neil McDougall, M. B.

Idris Naunton Morgan, M.RC.S., L.RC.P.

Horatio Edward Rawlings, M.RC.S., L.R.C.P.

Charles William Seccombe, L.RC.P.

Daniel Rees Thomas, M.B.

Hubert Hope Thomas, L.RC.S L.RC.P.

Stanley Tresidder, M.RC.S., L.RC.P.

Walter Tweedale

As Donats.

Morris Yudleritz Young, C.I.E., Karunna Kumar Chatterjee, F.RC.S.

Appointments, Etc.

JULY, 1923.

H.RH. The Grand Prior has sanctioned the following appointments :-

Corps Surgeon Lt.-Col. A. J. Cary, RC.P.I., as Assistant Commissioner for the County of Somerset in TO. 2 District with effect from 20th July, 19 2 3.

District Officer F. Wilson as Assistant Commissioner in No.6 District, with effect from 20th July, 19 2 3.

H.R.H. the Grand Prior has accepted the resignation of Assistant Commissioner T. H. W. Chambers with regret, 20.7. 2 3

The Chief Commissioner has sanctioned the following appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :PRINCE OF WALES'S DISTRICT.

Lady Divisional Supt. Miss E. M. Rideout to be Lady District Officer, 13 7.23

No. 22 (Hospital Saturday Fund ) Division.-Ambulance Officer Richard Alexander Smith to be D ivisional Supt. 16.7.23

No. 87 (Shoreditch) Division.-Sergt. Arthur Reuben Hatley to be Ambulance Officer, 20 7. 2 3

Waltham stow and District Corps.-Ambulance Officer

W. J. Cardo to be Corps Officer, 13.7. 23

Ambulance Officer George Sidney Pasco to be Corps Officer, 13.7.23

Lady Supt Esther Cardo to be Lady Corps Officer, 13.7 23

-

FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- August, 1923

Walthamstow and District Corps 29 ( Waltham stow ) East Divis io n -Ambulance Offi cer Arthur B ertram Charles Dyer to be Divisional Supt. 13 .7 .23

NO.2 DISTRICT

Portsmouth Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

Mrs. R. Baker, transferred to the B rigade Reserve with effect from 8.8 23

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Corps ( Lawley Street Divis ion ).-Supt. Dudley resigned, 26.7.2 3

Dudley a nd Distr ic t Corps.-Di visional Supt. John W. Bourne to be Corps Officer, 30.7 .23

Northampton Corps ( H lg ham Ferrers Nursing Division )

Lady Ambulance Offi cer M iss E. Horn transferred to the Br igade Reserve , 10.7.2 3

Wellingborougb Co r ps ( Headquarters Nursing Division ).

- James Arthur M. D , t o be Di vis ional Surgeon, 30 .7 .23

B irm ingham Corps ( W inc hester House Nursing D ivision ). -Dorothy Morris Japp, M.B. , Ch.B., to be Lady Divisional Surgeon, 19 7.23

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Lt.-Col. Norman Maclaren, F.R.C.S., M A , M.B., B C , to be D istri c t O ffic er, 30. 7.23

Bolton Corps.-Ambulan ce Offi cer Edmund Walch to be Corps Offi cer, 21. 7.2 3

Darwen Nursin g Divis ion.-Thomas Joseph Costello, M.B , B.Ch., to be D ivisional Surgeon, 9.7. 23

Liverpool Corps ( Liverpool South Divis ion ).-Ambulance

Offi cer Thoma s Will iam James to be Divis ion a l Supt. 30 7.23

Manchester and Salford Corps (Hulme Div is ion ).-Sergt.

Will iam Edward Naylor to be Ambulan ce Offi cer, 2 1.7. 23

Nelson Corps - Amb ul a nc e Offi cer Robert Wlll iam

Oldfield to be Corps Offic er, 23.7 23

Ulverston Div ision. - Will iam Shuttelworth to be Divisional Supt. 1.8.23 -

NO 5 DISTRICT.

Creswell Nursin g Div ision.-Nursin g Officer Helen Howard Langbridge to be Lady D ivisional Supt. 3 7.23

Denaby Ma in Corps (BuHcroft D ivision ).-Pte. Sydney

Criddle to be Ambulance Officer, 11.7.2 3

Halmerend and D istr ict Corps (S ilverdale Divisi o n ).-

Lou is Alfred Daly, L. M S. S.A., to be Div isi onal S urgeon, 5.7 21

New Edl ington Division.-Thomas McFetridge, M.B , Ch.B., to be D ivis onal Surgeon, 21.7 .23

Joseph Henry Lloyd to be Am bulance Officer, 2 I.7.23

New Hucknell Collieries Corps -Frederick James Asp inall to be Corps Supt. 20.7.2 3

Sergt. James Harr ison to be Co r ps Sergt.-Major, 17. 7.23

Wei beck Colliery D ivis ion.-Corpl. W ill iam Hallsworth to be Ambulance Offi cer for Ca det purpose s, 207.23

Spalding Divis ion.-Wilfrid Robert B urton, L.R.C.P.,

L R.C.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 18. 7.23

S pen Valley Corps ( Cle ckheaton Division.-Luther Roberts to be Ambulance Officer, 18.7.23

Cleckheaton Nursing Divi sion -Lady Ambulance Officer Agnes E. Unthank to be Lady Divisional Supt. 3.7.23 NO.6 DISTRICT.

Hebburn Divi sion -Ambulance Officer James Henry Hanson to be Di vis ional Supt., 1.8 23, vice Supt. O' Hagan resigned

Hull Corps.-Lady Supt. Mary Johnson, O. B E., to be Lady Corps Officer, 26. 7 23, vice Mrs. E. Howell resigned

K ingston Nursing Division.-Lady Supt. Mrs. Fisher res igned, 20. 7.23

Middlesborough Central Nursing Division.- Harriet Pickering to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 67.23

New castle ·on-Tyne Corps.-Corps Officer J. Russell res igned, 19 7 23

North Durham Corps (Saltwell Nursing Division).-Esther Manners to be Lady Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes, 26 7.23

North Tyneside Corps (P ercy Main Division). - Supt. J. Appleton tr a nsferred to the Brigade Reserve, 19-4- 2 3

Sergt. Richard Watson to be Ambulance Officer tor Cadet purposes, 1.8.23

Wallsend Borough D ivision. -Corpl. Samuel John Coyde to be Ambulance Offi cer, 2.8. 23

South Shields Police Di v islOn.-Edwin Vogan Pilling to be Divisional Supt. 11.7.2 3

vVhitburn Nurs ing D iv is ion.-Lady Ambulance Officer

Miss Mole transferred to the Sunderland Nursing Division, 28.1.2 I

NO.8. DISTRICT.

Div isional Surg eon C a pt. A rthur Berry Mc Master to be County Surgeon for Kent, 20.7. 23

Ashford Town D ivis ion. - Ser g t. H erb ert Charles Stent to be Ambulan ce Offi cer, 20.7. 23

Gu ildford Corps ( Bagshot and W indle s ham Division .Arthur J Smithers to be Ambulan ce O ffi c er 2 I. 4·21

Brighton and Hove Corps ( Br ig ht o n P ol ic e Div ision )Supt. Ca lder res igned, 26-7-23

NO.9 DISTRIC T

Borough of Plymouth Corps ( M illb a y Ra ilway Di vi si on ).Sergt. Thomas Coll ier to be Ambulan ce O ffic er, 29 6.23

C am borne D iv is ion.-Gerald R obi ns on, L.M .S.S. A. to be Div isional Sur g eon, 10 7.23

Devonport N u rs ing D lvis ion. -H elen Stephens to be Lady Ambulance Offi cer for Cadet purpose s, 14.7 23

Falmouth Nursing Division .- Laura S tr on g ma n to be Lady Am b ulan ce O ffic er, 26.7.23

Liskeard Div is ion. - Edw ar d Sherm a n Too g ood, M.R C.S

L.R. C.P., to be D ivisional Surge o n a nd Su p t. 3.7 23 Thomas James to be Ambulan ce O ffice r, 3.7.23

No. 10 DI STRICT

Cambr dge (G. E. R ) Divis ion .- Hu g h Dou g la s Hut c herson to be Div isional Supt. 237.23

No. DI STRI CT.

Ashford Works D ivi s ion.- Sergt. A lfred Staples to be Ambulance Officer, 17.72 3

Vi c toria Stat ion D ivls ion. - Frank E rnest Stratton to be Ambul a nce Officer, J 8. 7 23

NEW DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re -named ;-

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Wednesbury Div ision.-Disbanded, 3.8. 23

Evesham Divis ion .- Disbanded, 3.8. 23

Grey Friars Nursing Div is ion. - Di s banded, 3 8. 23

NO.4 DI STRICT.

Port Sunlight Division .-Registered, 3. 8.23

NO.6 DI STRICT.

Readheads Works Division.-Disbanded, 3 8.23

Wearmouth Colliery Division. - Disbanded, 3. 8. 23

North Shields Division.-Disbanded, 3 8.23

Tynemouth V.L.B. Division.-Disbanded, 3 8.23

Shildon Lodge Nursing Divis ion. - Disbanded, 3 8 23

Sunderland Western Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 38.23

Whitburn Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 3 8 23

Tynemouth Nur s ing Division.-Disbanded. 38.23

Lanchester Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 38 23

East Cleveland Nursing D ivision.-Disbanded, 38.23

Gresmont Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 38.23

No.8 DISTRICT

Brighton Police Division.-Disbanded, 26.7.23

JAMES R. A. CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve.

ARMY BAD GES (R.N.A.S. B .R.) ren e wal and restor a tion ofThe Inspecting Medical Officer observed during his inspections this year that many of the arm badges needed renewal or cleaning. Officers in charge of units are therefore requested to notify as early as possible.

(a) Number of badg e s r e quired for renewal.

(b) 01 ba dg es which only requir e cleaning. 7 ra inings.-It is h e r e by not ified for the information of all concerned th a t no guarant e e can be given that Re servists will be draft e d to the hospi t al they name on t hei r application for trainin g. Wh e n trainin g ap p rovals a re it is the date which is sanctioned, and not the ho sp i tal m e ntioned, if any Th e Inspecting M e dical Offi cer will, how e ver, det a il Reservists to th e hospitals na med in lheir applications when it is possible so to do. In the case of married Reservists who anticipate combi ning their trainin g and holiday, and desire to make ar ra n gem e nts for th ei r family to stay, during the period of tr ai n ing, in the sa me town, this fact m u st be notated on the S. B.R.S when app l yi n g for training.

A pplic a ti ons for Man of War or h ospital training must b e subm itted 28 clea r days pri o r to the d a t e of training. In n o circumst a n c es will th e A dm iral ty c o n sider a p plications g iving less notice in the case of ship training, and only in sp eci a l ca ses in r espect o f h o sp i t a l training.

Examination for tIle IIo me Nursing Certi ficate of the St. fohn Ambulance AssociatioJl - A tte ntion of o fficers in char ge of un i ts is dr a wn to R e ser ve R e gulations, Articl e 2 S, p. IS . M any cas es have r e c e ntly come to the notic e of th e Chie f Com m issi o ner wh e re they have fail e d to comply with th is rule, and hav e in c o ns e quence delayed the promotion of Res e rvists thereby e ffe cting their pay while on training.

S.B.R. 4 i'n this rule shou l d be amended to read S. B.R. 3

A tt e nt ion is also called to the obligation of Res e rvists t o re qualify in ; Nursing each year, and to the new Regulation which d e bars Prob a tionary Sick Berth Attendants who do not possess the Nursing C ertificate from receiving mor e than two annual payments of bou nt y.

Es tablz'shment of tIle R ese r ve - The establishm e nt of th e Reserve is now compl e t e, and candidates cannot be enroll ed until vacanci es occur. A waiting list has bE e n instituted, and th e names of those d e siring to enrol in the Reserve will be add e d to it in s e niority of receipt of S.B.R. 1 and 2.

S erv ice D ecla ration .-All Reservi s ts on reaching the age of 40 year s are r e quired to sign a declaration stating whether they wish to volunt e er for "General Service" or for "Shore and Harbour Service " only, in th e event of the Reserve being mobilised.

All Reservists should therefore be instructed to apply for the necessary form when they relch the age of 40 years.

Than k s of th e Clzlef Commissioner.-The Chief Commissioner has pleasure to quot e hereunder extract8 from the Inspecting Medical Officer's report for 1922, and wishes to thank all officers conc e rned in the administration of the Reserve for the prompt and efficient manner in which they assisted in the re -organisation of the Reserve under the new conditions, and the energy they have displayed to ensure the efficitncy and smartness of the R e serve meeting with the highest appreciation of the Admiralty.

" I wish to take this opportun ity of expressing my appreciation of the interest taken by Corps and Divisional Superintendents and other Officers of the St. John AILbulance Brigade in the R.N.A S B.R. Without th e sympathetic co·operation of the local officers of the Brigade the Reserve could not ex ist.

"As Inspect ing M e di cal Offic e r I can report that the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve is efficient and ready for immediate service."

V.A.D. Notes and News.

O UR readers will remember that in the July number we gave a description of the pres entation at Bedford College of certific a tes to students who had completed the International Course of Training for Public Health Nurses Class, 1922-23, held at Bedford College, University of London.

We now hear that the student for th e Fourth Intern a tional Course, 1923 - 24, has just been se lected. This lady is Miss Irene Hannah Charley, formerly V.A. D. Member Gloucester 102. Sh e was educated at the Girls High School, Glouc e st e r, where she p lssed the Cambridge Senior Examina t ion. She served at Lydn e y V.A.D. Hosp ital for one y e ar, later proceeding to No. I, New Hospital, Brockenhurst , wher e sh e served from July I9I7 to May 1919. She was later awarded.ay.A.D. Scholarship to ena b le her to take her general trammg as a nurse at the Royal Infirmary, Bristol, and h a s recently completed that training.

Miss Charley will procf.ed to Bedford College in October n e xt to represent Great Britain. We wish her all success in the interesting new work she is about to take up.

Teeth and Health.

THE examination by experts of the teeth of school children generally discloses a shocki?g which cannot but give grave concern to those mterested 10 the welfare of the coming generation-and that is everybody.

Til e importance of good teeth in sustaInIng the mental and pbysical health of the human family bas been demonstrated in recent years by the simple process of cause and effect. Bad teeth are the direct cause of many serious ailments.

Of the children examined in schools only about onetenth had perfect teeth. An average ratio of four defective teeth was f0und in every school child. Such a condition cannot be excused on economic grounds, with the enormous expenses which ar e i ncurred in education. The only solution is that a campaign should be conducted by dental societies throughout the country stressing the importance of oral hygiene. Once the public is acquainted with th e dangers of dental neglect, it will not allow the younger generation to grow up with such serious handicaps.

The "DECOR.ATORS' & PAINTERS' MAGAZiNE" (15. monthly) is THE trade paper for all interested.Publishing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C·4.

August, 19 2 3. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- 33

PRIORY FOR WALES. Brigade

News.

APPOINTMENTS, JULY, 19 2 3·

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the CommissIOner for Wales :-

CARMARTHENSHIRE CENTRE.

Llanelly Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Mrs. Elizabeth Randall to be Nursing Officer.

Penygroes Division. -Priva te Ivor Roberts to be Divisional Storekeeper; Private Alfred Rees to be Divisional Treasurer.

GLAl\IO RGA N SHIRE CENTRE.

Pontypridd Sub-District.-Corps Supt. W. G. Goddard to be Staff Officer.

Cwm Colliery Division. -P rivate Ed ga r James Jones to be Corporal; Private Luther Jones to be Corporal.

Glyncorrwg D ivisio n.-Private William John Davies to be Divisional Storekeeper.

ABERDARE CENTRE.

Corps Treasurer Gomer Davies to be Staff Officer.

Aberdare Nursing Div ision.-Ambulance Sister Mary Griffiths to be Div isional Lady Storekeeper.

CIT Y OF CARDIFF C ENTRE

Cardiff Emergency Division.-Private Albert John Jenkins to be Divisional Secretary and Ser g eant.

Cardiff City Division.-Sergt. William Moss to be Ambulance Officer; Private David Carol Flower Lewis to be Ambulance Officer.

BOROUGH OF NEWPORT CE NTRE

Alexandra Docks Division.-Private Charles Henry Worthy to be Corporal.

Newport Town Division.-Corporal Harry Webb to be Divisional Storekeeper.

DOROUGH OF RHON DDA CENTRE.

Tynybedw and Petre Division.-Sergt. Thomas Davies to be Ambulance Officer; Corporal Samuel Weaver to be Sergeant ; Private William John Stone to be Sergeant· Private Cornelius Loveridge to be Corporal.

NEW DI VISION.

BOROUGH OF RHONDDA CENTRE.

Ynyshir Nursing Division.

SERYIC E MEDALS.

Service Medals have been awarded to Corps Treasurer Captain T. H. Buffton and Corps Secretary C. Gronow, both of the Rhondda Fach Corps, Borough of Rhondda Centre; and Supt. W. H. Johnson, of the Cardiff Emergency Division, City of Cardiff Centre, has received a Service Medal Bar.

As the result of a ball held at the Hyde Park Hotel last month, a net profit of £2,040 has been handed ovn to the Russian Red Cross, the Russian Relief Fund, and the ex-Service Men's Association for Relief of Russian Refugees in this country.

General Interest.

AMBU LANCE DEPARTMENT.

During the month of July the Priory arranged for examinations in First Aid, Home Nursing and Home Hygi ene in connection with the following Garnant, G W.R.; Fernc1ale, G.W.R.; Aberdare, G.W.R.; Barry, G. W. R. Depo t; Dolgelly, G. W.R.; Pontlottyn, G.W.R.; Llanbradach, Fochriw, G.W.R.; Mountain Ash, Llwynypia Nursing, LlwynypiaAmbulance, Brynea, G. W.R.; Glyn Neath, G.W. R.; Llandebie, G. W.R. ; Cardiff City, Gaerphilly, Pyle, G.W.R., a nd Waunlwyd, G.W.R.

CARDI FF SCHEME FOR THE PROVISION OF FRE.E

A1I IlULANCE TR ANSPORT.

_ The Priory has now organised a scheme for the proV1SlOn of motor ambulance transport within th e of Cardiff by which any householder subscribing at the rate of thre epen ce per Week per annum is entitled to cal1 for an Ambulance Car for service in the city at any time of the day or night, for himself and the mem bers of his household, fr ee of cost, in case of accijent or sickness. Arrangements have been made to establish five stations within the. City, two of which are already in operation. All. applications should be made to the nearest police str..tlOn, or th e telephone exchange asked for "An Ambulance." In case of long journeys application should be made direct to Priory Houc;e, 4, Cathedral Road, Cardiff.

The cars are fitted with up -to-date appliances, manned by competent drivers with First-Aid training, and have every requisite necessary. Membership cards can be obtained at Priory House.

A similar scheme was or!!allised by the Priory in the South Wal es Coalfield in 19I1, and the Home Office agreed that" any Colliery Company entering into a contract with the Priory for this service will be deemed as complying with the Regulations of the Coal Mines Act. " To -day some hundreds of collieries and works owmrs, and thousands of members of workmen's lodges are subscribers and have the right of calling upon the cars. Stations have been established in Carmarth ens hire, Glamorganshire, and Monmouthshire, and subscribers can obtain a car by telephoning to the nearest police station or telephone exchange. Nonsubscribers pay at the rate of 2S. a mile for the outward and return journey, the minimum fee bein g one guinea.

TERRITORIAL ARMY CAMP AT PORTHCAWL.

At the request of Headquarters (Medical Services) the Priory undertaken to be responsible for the tram port of the Sick and wounded of the 53rd Welsh Division Territo.rial Army, whilst training at Porthcawl, and the perIods of the Advance and Rear Parties, from July 25th to August 15th, 1923, inclusive.

PUBLIC DUTY.

The Priory has again been requested to arrange for Brigade Members to be in attendance at the Football Match.es to be played in Cardiff during the coming season. Expenence has proved the absolute for provision of this kind. On many occasions last year the crowd became so dense that numbers of men and women collapsed

August, 1 ' 9 2 3 -FIRST

and were crushed. In February last, when the Cup-Tic Match was played between Tottenham Hotspurs and Cardiff City. there were many casualties, but fortunately a strong contlOgent of Ambulance men was present and the Chief Constable of Cardiff wrote a special letter of appreciation to the Principll Secretary of the Priory bearing t es timony to the splendid serv ice s of its members in promptly and efficiently dealing with so ugly a situation.

The South Wales Horse Show Society have also approached the Priory with a vie w to its undertaking the necessary ambulance arrangements for the Show to be held in Sept em ber next.

CHURCH COLLECTION S

An appeal has again been issued to the mlDlsters of churches of all denominations in Wales asking them to set aside a collection taktn at one of their services for the funds of the Priory. A cheque for £3 3s. has all eady received from the Rev. T. D. Bevan, Ewenny Church, Tr. Bridgend, and a cheque for £2 IS. 3d. was sent in by the Rev. W. H. Barnes, being the proceeds taken at a special Anniversary Service held in the ruins of the Old Church of the Order at Siebech, Pembrokeshire. The Vicar of Sleb <:!ch cherishes a hope that this building, formErly the Church of the Commanders of the Knights of St. John of J e rusal em now in ruins, may one day be restored , and its ancient, long standing connection with the Order revived.

"PRIORY DAY IN WAL ES."

It was decided at a meeting of the Brigade Staff held in Cardiff in June to arrange for "Priory Day" to be held in al1 districts on convenient dates during the year in order to raise money on behalf of the Headquarter Funds of the Priory. A very promising !>tart has been made. A Flag Day held in Penarth rp.alised £21, and £22 I3s. 6d., the proceeds of a. Flag Day held lD Neath on July 7th, has also been receL ved.

Centre Reports.

CARMARTHENSlIlRE CENTRE.

Ambulan ce WOt kers in Carmarthenshire are eagerly prepa ring for the first competition for the County of Carmarthen Ambulance Challeng e Shield, a beautiful trophy recently presented by Lady Kylsant, and Slturday, the 22nd Septem ber, is the date selected for this event.

GLA 110RGANSH IRE CENTRE.

Colonel J. Arnallt Jones, M. D., K. H.S., V. D., Commissioner for Glarr:organshire, assisted by Captain F. P. Robathan, M.C., conducted the annual inspection of the Aberavon Corps on Saturday, 21St July, in the Ab:ravon Football Club Ground, Port Talb')t. There was a splendid parade of officers and members, numbering over of the Kenfig Hill, Briton Ferry, Glyn Corrwg, Bryn, and Glyn Neath Divisions. Practical demonstratIons were given and Am bulance Officer Joseph J nnathan was presented with a service medal by Colonel A. Jones, who closely inspected the divisions and afterwards expressed his great sltisfaction with the work done.

A meeting of the Glamorganshire Centre Committee held at on the 26th July, Lt.-Col. H. E. M. Lndsay, c.B., presiding. The appointments of Capt. F.P. Robathan, M.C., as Sub-Commissioner for the County, and of Corps Supts. T. Ajax Lewis and W. Goddard as staff

AI D.- 35

officers of the Pontypridd Sub-District were confirmed.

It was reported that Dr. Anderson had agreed to resume his duties as Sub Commissioner for the Bridgend SubDistrict. Captain Robathan was asked to act temporarily as Sub-Commissioner of the Pontypridd Sub-Centre. The Maritime and Penrhiw Ambulance Class, of which Mr. Richard Hewer is secretary, held its annual dinner at the Welsh Harp Hotel, Pontypridd, on Thursday, 2nd August. Mr. A. G. Brown, the genua I manager of the Great We3tern Collierie1', presided, and promised to do all in his power to help the men in their work, which was so essential in the colliery district. The Commissioner for Wales, Sir Herbert D. W. L<:!wis, K BE, presented to Staff Officer W. Goddard his Warrant of Appointment and gave a most interesting address. Certificates, medallions, and labels were presented to memb ers of the class.

MONMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE.

The annual ambulance parade was held last month at St. Luke's Church, Pontnewynydd. The parade, headed by the Pont pool Town silver band, was representative of all local organisations, and, prominent am ong them were the Pontypool Corp3 in command of Corps Officer G. H Ntlms, assisted by Divisional F. Nelms and S. Mog(ord. Ambulance Officers E. Webster and A. Hewitt . the Pontypridd Nursing Division in charge of Lady Supt: D. Nelms, and the Pontypridd Ambulance Cadets under Cadet Officer W. J. Meredith made their first appearance on paradt, and refl ected great credit on their instructors.

ABERDARE CENTRE.

The Commissioner for the Aberdare C e ntre, Dr. R. Baird Milne, has most genuously given another trophy to be for. by nurses of the Cynon Valley Corps. Th.ls 1S the "Gomer Davies" Challenge Shleld Ln of the great interest taken by Mr. and Mrs. Gomer Dav1es of Mountain Ash in first aid and nursing work. The first comp etition for this will be held on 6th Septemberr 1923.

BOROUGH OF RHONDDA CENTRE.

The Annual Competitions for the "Sir Charles Warren" and "Miskin Manor" Shields were held at Porth on Saturday, July 23th. The "Sir Charles Warren" was won ty the Naval Collieries and Penygraig District Divisional and the Maerdy Team in charge of Lady Sup e nntendent, Eva Morns, won the "Miskin Manor" Shield. The Commissioner for the Rhondda Centre, Captain T. E. Richards, presided and was support e d by the Chairman, Lieut. -Col. D. Watts-Moruan D.S.O, M P., Lieut.-Col. Sir Rhys William, D.S.O, B.A , &c., Lady (Herbert) L-;wis, O B.E, Lady (Rhys) Williams, Staff Officer M. C. O. Hurley, Staff Officer ]. H. Davies, and Staff Officer George Payne. The Commissioner for Wales invested Captain T. H. Buffton and Corps C. Gronow with Service Medals, and Lady WliiIams presented th'3 Cups and prizes to the winning teams.

News in Brief.

of .the St. John Ambulance Brigade on duty in connectIOn wlth the Royal Welsh Agricultural Show at had honour of being inspected by their Pnor, HLs Royal Hlghness, the Prince of Wales, who shook

-FIRST

hands with fach member and showed a keen interest in the ambulance appliances.

His Royal Highness, the Grand Prior, approved the recomm en dation of Chapter· General, that Mr. A. G. E. J. Fudge, of Newport, be appointed an additional tive of the Priory for Wales on the Ambulance Committee.

The AmbulanceCommittee at its last meeting approvfd the election of Dr. G. E. Hull, of Rogerstone as an Honorary Life Member of the Pri ory in r ecog nition of his able and gratuitous services as Honorary Lecturer.

The Priory has decided to make an eftort to place its finances on a firm foundation, and is asking for an annual subscription from the industrial firms and others

The Sub·Prior, the Right Hon. Lord Kylsant, G.C.M G., IS keenly interest e d in this, and through good the following firms have kindly start e d the lIst of su 9.SCrI b :Messrs. The Atlantic Coaling Co., Ltd., ;£ 2 I; Elder, Dempster & Co., Ltd ., £2I ; The Coast LiOf s, L t d, £2 I; Hull, Blyth & Co., Ltd., £21; Rogers & Bright, Ltl, £21.

Ambulance Gathering at Chester.

WHAT was probably one of the most ent husiastic gatherings of ambulance workers in the City of Cheste r, was held at the Town Hall on the evening of July 23rd, whe n upwards of 500 G. W. R. emplo.yees were in The sion was the distribuhon of competitIOn prl Z s and nation awards whilst the principal feature of the evenlOg was the of the "Frank Bibby " Shield, by Captain F. Brian Bibby, on behalf ?f hiS father, the late Mr. Frank Bibby, who had been a director of the Great West e rn Railway Comp1ny for many years.

Mr. J. R. Morris (Divisional Superintendent (Chester) pr e sided, and was support e d on the I?latform by Lord Churchill Chairman, Gre at Western Railway: Sir Erne'lt Palmer, Bart., Deputy Chairman, Great W€stern Railway; Mr. Felix J. C. Pol e, General Mr. R. H. Nicholls, Superint e ndent of the LlOe; Mr. E. Lowth.er, Chi e f Goods Manager; Mr. C. B. Collett, Locomotiv e Superintendent; Mr. W. W Griels on, Chief Engineer ; Mr. R. J. Insell, S ignal Engiue t r; and a number of other officers of the Company and mem bers of the medical profession.

The Chairman €xtended a hp.arty welcome to Viscount Churchill, Sir Ernest Palmer, Mr. Pole, and vther chief officers of th e Company, and refe rr e d to the fact that th e Great Western Railway had always been in the forefront of tbe ambulanc e movement, and to the progress which had b ee n brought about by the cc-operation sympathy of the directors and chief officers. H e emphaSised the voluntary side of ambulance work. Mr. Morris also welcomed the Mayor of Chester and of the medical profession who were present th at evemng, and then called upon Captain Bibby to hand to L ord the sh:eld had been given by the late Mr. Frank BIbby for cOmpetltIOn by ambulance work e rs in the Ch es ter Division

Captain Bibby said his father would to be present on that occasion to 'present the shield 10 for bis greatest interest was 10 the Great Railway, and it gave him the keenest pleasure to hand over the

AI D.-

August, I923

trophy. Viscount Churchill said he received. the with feelings of gratefulness and joy coupled. ge.nume sorrow for Mr. Frank Bibby had expr e ss e d hIS IOtentlOn of the shi eld, and he had told him delighted and honaured the Company would be to accept hiS generous offer. He had known the late Mr. Frank Bibby all his life, and it was difficult for him to rtalise that he was no longer among them. Mr. Bibby was a loyal colleague and .a delightful and sincere friend. He was most grateful to hiS son for so generously carrying out his father's wishes:

A report of ambulance work in the Chester having be e n presented by Mr. Pryc e , the DIVISional Secretary, Viscount Churchill presented a number of petition prizes and ex amination awards. On the proposltlon of th e Chair man, a hearty vote of thanks was accorded to Viscount Churchill, who said it gave himself, the Deputy Chairman the G e n eral Manager, and th e chief officers of the Comp'any the greatest to b e prese?t th at evening. He and his colleagU ES on the Board of Directors wer e alway s ready and willing to do what they could to hdp on the ambulance movement, the principles of which he referred to as real Christianity. He referred to the progress of the ambulance movement on Great Western Railway, to the institution of the gold effiCIency medal for 17 years' efficiency, 245 of which had already been a warde?, and to the amalgamation of the Safety and First Aid

He reminded his hearers that the Safety movement was first introduced into this country through the Great Western Railway Maga z ine, a nd referred to the reduction of the number of accidents since its institution. He thanked the members of the medical profession who who had render e d such valuable assistance, and particularly refe rr e d to Drs. Butt , L e es and Meredith Young. As an example of t he value of 6rst aid knowledge he cited a case of a one-a rm ed railway ambulance man who had be e n instrumental in administering invaluable aid in a case of serious injury.

Mr. F. J. C. Pole add ressed the gathering and referred to the fact that through all the r ecent changes the Great West e rn Railway had retained its name and identity wished to associate himself with all that had been said 10 congratulating the members of th e am bulance classes, and they could rely on his sympathy and help, and also that of the Board and officials.

Dr. L :-e s said he was th e oldest member of the St. John Ambulance Aswciation and the oldest lecturer in the county. He said the movement at Chester could n?t hav e a greater incentive than th e presenc e of Lord ChurchIll and the officers of the Company.

The proceedings which wtre interspersed by vocal and instrum en tal music, were brought to a close by a proposition by Dr. Butt of a vote of thanks to the Chairman, which was ably second e d by Mr. F. J. C. Pole, and accorded with acclamation.

Rusks are of great value to invalids and childrenespecially when the latter are at the teething age. The manufacturers of that excellent food beverage" Ovaltinp." have now intrcduced " Ovaltine " rusks, which incorporate "Ovaltine" with the finest wheaten flour in the form of d elightfully crisp rusks. Thes e are very highly nutritious, delicious in flavour and e asy of digestion. They are specially recommended for children and invalids, and will be welcomed by adults as a valuable addition to the regular dietary in place of bread, toast, biscuits, &c. Both " Ovaltine" and" Ovaltine" Rusks are obtainable from all chemists.

August, 1923. -FIR.ST

fetters to the t;ditot'.

We are i" "0 way restfJ sible tor flse opi"ionr exprersed, or the r(a(eme"ts made, Conespondents.-EDITOR.

FIRST-AID TO FOOTBALLERS.

DEAR SIR,

I was very interested in Dr. Corbet Fletcher's answer in J une issue to a query on this topic, and should ike to add the sa me. As First-Aid attendant to one of the principal amateur foo tball clubs in the South of England, I should much like to se e something done to instruct players not t o ltlt a colJeague who has been i njured until sorre idea of the extent of injury is kno wn. Can you or any of your readers suggest some way in wh ic h this ca n be made widely kn0wn ? Only last season a player on our gro und suffering from simple fracture of r ibs had his head press ed fo nnrd by his colleagues, to assist in br ingi ng him round! It was afterwards found that this action had caused the ribs to penetrate the lun gs!! On another o ccasi on, when a play er was t hought to broken his his colleagues in all g ood faIth lIfted h Im up and ducked hIS head between

A I D - 37

The riSK of using celluloid articles was forcibly brought home to a young man quite recently on Charing Cross Station, who found a celluloid comb al ght in his pocket. Fortunately an engine driver subdued the outbreak before much damage was done.

Personal articles made from this should be if possible avoided, particularly cheap hair ornaments, and certain washable collars and cuff5 which contain a proportion of celluloid, making them highly inflammable.-Yours faithfully,

J. E. DANE.

Corporal 51st (Croydon)

Divison, S.J .A. B.

FIRST AID TO ANI MALS.

DEAR SIR,

I have had the pleasure of reading in this month s FIR ST Am about Private Harold Turner s treatment to a horse. If am not trespassing on your space I should like to give details of the rendering of artificial respirat ion to a cat that we got out of the harbour.

On the night of the 12th of July we were in our bunks aboard our ship when one of the boys said that there must be someone overboard. We rushed on deck but found that it was the sh ip 's cat off one of the mail boats that had been knocked overboard when the vessel left the pier.

Members of the Pontefract Corps parading for the annual Drum-head Servic e. his knees (t he popular treatment for all cases on the football fiel d), before I arrIved on the spot, and found fortunately that the player had sustained a severe shake-up only.

I interview the referee before the start of a match, and I! am to await his signal or to go on at once if a pla yer IS Injured. Some prefer the former and some the latter; of course, no person is allowed on the playing pitc h WIthout the consent of the referee. The rule now stands I beli eve, that" A player who is injured during a match shali be at once removed outside the nearest goal or touch line, and th e game resumed.- Yours faithfully FRED. G.

HARWOOD.

D DANGER OF MATCHES.

EAR SIR,

b The incident mentioned in the July issue, of a qicketer emg on fire by the ball striking a box of matches in his poc.ket, the danger of matches which can be easily IhgOI.ted by frictIOn and which are usually distinguished by avmg red tops.

The precaution of using safety matches would pr event Similar incidents with their attendant danger to life and property.

Two of the crew got into a small boat and picked the cat up but when they got it on board it appeared to be dead. I thought I would try artificial respiration but was a bit puz zled how to act.

Anyway 1 commenced rubbing her towards her mouth, and I saw that I was getting the water out of her, so I continued and at the end of nearly two hours rubbing I revived her, and again turned into my bunk.

The next morning when I got up on deck to look at the cat it had completely recovered.

I shall be pleased if you can give me any information how to apply artificial respiration to animals.-I remain yours, etc.,

PTE. W. DARROWCLO UGH.

THE Aunual Spen Valley St. John Ambulance and Nursing Division Procession and Church Service took place on July 29th, when there was a large gathering of both men and women uniformed members, whose progress through some of the principal thoroughfares was accompanied by brass bands.

and .i\nswers to eorrespondents.

.Juenes wiU be dealt with uni,,. the rutes :r. -Letters containinf, Queries must be marked on the top left kana corner of the envelope and addressed-F1RST AID, .,.6, Cannon-str"t, LonckJn, B. C f..

:1. - A II Queries must be accompanied a " Coupon" cut /1'017 the current issue of the /ournal, or in case of Queries from abroat from a recent issue.

_ The Textbook, to which reference may be made in these co/umnJ is the 36th (I920) Edition of S./.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

TREAnIENT OF FRA CTURED PATELLA.

A. B. (Settle).-At a recent practice much discussion arose as to treatment of Fracture of Patella. One member con' tended that it would be advantageous to lay patient down, raise injured limb, tie bandages above and below fractured knee.cap (Wit/lOut back-splint ), raise the other limb, and tie injur('d to uninjured limb. Do you agree?

No, I do not .' To tie injured to uninjured limb is of little avail in this instance, because with a Fractured Patella FirstAid seeks to prevent and of the limb-for which purpose the application of a back splint extending from buttock to heel is urgently indicated.

On the other hand, with a Fractured Leg, First-Aid aims at preventing all movements, especially s£de-to side of limb. To this end the tying of limb to limb contributes considerably, and 5hould only be omitted when it is positively contra-indicated.-N. FLETCHER.

WALKING WITH FRACTURED KNEE-CAP.

A. T. (Swindon ).-A man walking alone on the moors slips and fractures his knee·cap. No assistance of any sort IS available. Could he reach home by walking backwards and dragging his injured limb along the ground?

Your suggest io n is possible; but such action would, of course result in further separation of fragments of broken kneecap, a complication which it is the object of First·Aid to prevent.-N.C.F.

PICRIC ACID FOR BURNS.

E. C. (Gateshead).-Please adv ise as to best way of applying Picric Acid for Burns.

Picric Acid solution is an application for Burns and Scalds of the first and second degrees because it possesses all three essential qualities for such treatment-being astrim;ent (absorb discharges ) analgesic (soothe pain) and antiseptic (prevent g rowth of germs ). Its action is mainly on outer layers of skin w :1ich it stimulates to more rapid growth; and it is, therefore, of little use for Burps of third degree.

It is used in a per cent. alcoholic solution, pieces of lint being wrung out and placed on burned area with immediate rel ief of pain. The Textbook does not recommend its use; and personally I favour the decision that it is not a suitable

First-Aid dressing, for the following reasons :-

First, Picric Acid solution is with alcohol, which on exposure to air evaporates with the consequent risk that the solution may in process of time becoa:e considerably stronger than the official per cent. strength. Hence there is a risk of irritating burns with a too -concentrated lotion, more especially

Al D.- August,

as the bottle containing it may h'lve been kept in stock many months before its contents are required for use. The same disadvantage applies to Tincture of Iodine, and has been met by the issue of hermetically sealed ampoules of Iodine.

Secondly, Picric Acid does not exert its healing functions until the dressing has dried on the burn; and, when dry, the dressing should not be removed unless there are specia l indications. S ince, therefore, First Aid deals witll tlt e first it follows that Picric Acid falls within the same group of remedies as sticking plaster which must not be used by First-Aiders for recent wounds because it is more or Iu s permanent dressing .- N .C. F

ROLLER BANDAGE FOR Lo\\ER LDIR

E. D. ( Croydon).- When carrying out the figure-of.e;g ht rolle r bandage from leg to thigh, as shown in Fig. IS of Textbook, I take it that the knee should not be covered. As the point is in dispute, please decide for us.

In the diagram named the bandage is clearly left incomplete in oreier to show hON the figure ·of-ei ght bandage passe s over knee-joint. When completed, therefore-, it will pass ove r and cover the joint.

By the way, remember that joints must always be bandage d in the final position in which they are to be left, and that th IS rule appbes to triangular and roller bandages Thus, if th e knee is to be bandaged and patient is to be allowed to ben d knee in walking home, the knee·joint must be kept fully flexe d while is being applied .- N.C.F.

SIGNS AND SV:'I1PTOMS OF ALCOHOLI :'II.

S G (Ha nwood ).- Being asked how I would tell whether < man was drunk or in a fit, I said that I would different iat e by signs, symptoms, and history, if these were availablE'

My answer was apparently not qUIte satisfactory. Pl ea se tell me what you consiaer the proper answer.

Of course your answer was" not satisfactory. " 1t was to o delightfully vague, and conveyed no informatio n to you r examiner ! !

From the Textbook ( p. 148) I learn that a patient in a fi may exhibit spasm of muscles of limbs and trunk, blueness of face, more or less complete insensibilIty, suspended respiration, &c. Similarly from pp. 129 and 158 I gather that a person who is drunk may feel ill, emit an odour of alcohol, be to a state of more or less complete insensibility which may (or may not ) pass on to dangerous collapse: and from p. 152 I learn further that the three stages of alcoholism are sleep, delirium, and tendency to collapse evidenced by blueness of face (partial asphyxia ), &c.

In short, when dealing with this type of question yo u might perhaps benefit by describing the 4 "Standard Guides " ( as laid down in my Why and Wherefore in Fiu t - Aid) namely, degree of consciousness, colour of face, s trength of pulse, and character of breathing.

Your incomplete answer reminds me of the elderly lady candidate who was asked the same questiun and who hesitated for a long time until the examiner's patience was almost exhausted. She then blurted out, "If such a patient tried to kiss me, I should know that he was drunk and not in a fit."-

N.C.F.

TREATM ENT OF CHOKING.

R. C. (Y ork ) -Supposing that, being milec; away from help, I had to treat a patient 'suffering from Choking, the result of impaction of an artificial dental plale in his throat, what should I do if the ordinary methods for removing foreign bodIes from throat fail? As the law does not allow a First-Aider to I presume that such a patient must die. Would it not be better under these

August, -FIRST

pressing circumslamces to render by making an insertion into trachea rather than to allow the living to die for want of the immediate assistance of a doctor ?

Some Textbooks in the early days of the Fir.st-Aid Move· m ent described for emergencies such as you set out a method of opening the throat with a small sl it in the hollow which IS si tuat ed in middle line immediately below Adam 's Apple bet ween larynx and trachea, and of keep in g :the opening patent WIth the bent ends of a couple of hairp ns. This is a comparative ly safe and easy operation, especially by contrast with that nv olved in "making an insertion into trachea." This instruction never found a place in our Textbook, b ecaus e it was felt that it might tend to favour Meddlesome Firs t-Aid -the truth being that what, under the very exceplio nal circumstances named by you, might be safe in the hands of a few experienced Flrst-Aiders, would be decidedly unsafe 10 thos e of the big majori ty of Lay Per.sons for whose benefit and instructio n the Textbook was written So there I leave yo ur probl em. -N.C. F.

THE NTER - AcTION OF VITAL FUN CT IONS.

A.S. (Nor wood ).- In the written part of a recent competition we were asked to "Du cribe in deta il the way in which the Vital Functions of the body are regulated." Kindly tell us if the paragr ap h headed "The Sympathetic System II in the Textbook ( p. 124 ) contains the correct answer.

Yes, though possibly a "complete detailed answer" sbouid mcl ude a description of the Involuntary Muscles as given on p.4 0.- T.C F.

THE ;\[0 T SERIO US FRACTURE.

E C. ( Dublin ).-In a recent Brigade competition we were asked to state which is "the most serious" fracture I said th3.t I regarded a complicated fracture as the most ser ious be c ause of the other injuries which might accompany it. \Vas right ?

The question is not a fair one, because it cannot be a nswered trom the Textbook, and because a correct answer depends on several unstated factors. Further, much depends on the seat of fracture whether or no this be in skull trunk, or limbs.

In many instances, therefore, your answer would be ; but, on the other hand, the Textbook goes more fully lOt'? the description of a compound fracture than of any other vanety.-a f<;lct ",:hich. makes me suspect that your examiner had thl s ,:,anety 10 Olmd when he asked the question. With It SepsIs IS, of cour.se, the serious danger. - N.C.F.

FRACTURED SPIN E WITH WOUND.

E. L. ( Pontycymmer).-At a recent Brigade practice we treated a case of Fractured Spine (dorsal region ) comby abdomin:d wound with protruding bowel. DIfference of opinion arose as to whether we should bend knees or not. Please favour us with your opinion?

The de:,ision depends on circumstances which you do not vIew of the Textbook instructions ( p. 52) that a patIent WIth Fractured SpIDe must be protected from all move"on part of from all unnecessary manipulattons on part of FIrst-Alders, we may take it that the on general prmciples is against moving such a patient's lower limbs.

If, however, serious symptoms (suggestive of strangulation of bowel consequent on contraction by abdominal muscles) accompany associated wound of abdomen, then we may be forced to modIfy these instructions by bending the knees, more

partz'cldarly t/ patient is to be left lying at place of emergency until doctor arrives. Further, practical tests prove that the legs of such a patient can be flexed without danger of causing displacement of fragments of spine fractured in dorsal region. The same modificatIOn would apply to transport by ambulance wherein it is possible, with ample assistance, to keep the flexed lower limbs practically rigid.

On the other hand, if patient requires removal on stretcher, then the difficulties of carrying WIthout undue movement a patient with knees flexed are so great that, apart from risk of aggravation of fractured spine, delay will arise from the need of marching "dead slow" so that we should in this instance prefer to keep patient flat while we hastened our steps to hospital and doctor. -N .C F.

E XAilIINATION HOWLER.

E. S. (C roydon ).- Here is another" howler " for your column.

In a recent examination a candidate, known to be a proud father, was asked how he would treat his child if she was seized with an Infantile Fit. He hesitated so much and so long in his answer that the Examiner began to lose patience wben suddenly the candidate blurted out-" I would yell for the missus !.I" We all collapsed with laughler !

Good L ext, please ! J-N C.F.

TREATMENT OF CONCU SSION

A. L. (Norwood).-Rea ding an old issue of th is Journal (April, I92I ), I note that 10 treatment of Concussion you lay it down that application of cold to head would be bad treatment. On the other hand, "Warwick and Tunstall)) ( p. 158 ) advise in seven cases of concussion the application of cold" in form of ice or wet clothes to head. " Please tell me how I may recondle this differ!nce of opinion, more espeCIally as the Textbook neither recommends nor prohibits cold to head for this condition.

Much as I should like, I am unable to "reconcile this of opinion;" and I can only repeat the reason I gave In the answer quoted - namely, that since in Concussion there is a defi ci ent supply of blood to brain, the application of cold to head be bad treatment, because the cold, by its action on superfiCIal and deep blood-vessels, would by causing conof these vessels st£ll further limit supply of blood to braID.

The Textbook does not attempt to go into the" Whys and Wherefores" of the treatment it advocates; and, to me at least, the omission of reference in its instructions to applicat ion of cold to in of is, in point of fact, a prohIbItIOn, neglect of whIch would 10 competitions be heavily penalised !-N.C.F.

INTER-R AILW AY PRELIi\[!NARV TEST S

\V. B. ( Thorne ).-In this year's Inter-Railway Tests as set out in May issue I am to find in the No. Bealer Test (p. 210) ( I) that no marks are allowed {or removlDg and taking charge of the severEd fingers which are apparently to be left in door or carriage, as the case may be. Personally I thIDk they would be ghastly objects for other passengers to find and would probably giv e rise to further need of First Aid, for \\'hich reason I maintain marks should be given" for prevention."

Further, (2) 1 note that the marking-sheet allows marks for a full close of Sal Volatile. I always thought that the Textbook quoted a teaspoonful as the dose for an adult· and in this case I would have given only half a teaspoonful to a child ten years of age.

(3) I n the Two-Bearer Test I note that a patient is

pulled unconscious from the water, and that in the calf of his leg he has an incised wound whi c h is bleeding freely. Surely, the su ffocation should have been treated before the bleedin g which in this instance seems the less important condit ion requiring treatment, more especially a s with Asphy x ia ( which in Aids o F in t A i d you say means ,. pulseless ") bleed ing is not likely to be serious, where a s delay in starting artificial resp irat ion may make all the diffe r ence between life and death to su ch a pat ient.

Your cr ticism of these tests speaks for itself; and I have nothing- to add except that with referen ce to the Two-Bearer Test neither in cards of instruction nor in det a iled sheet do I find evidence of cessation of breathin g wh ic h alone is the indication for commencing artificial respiration ?- N C.F.

AI D- August, 1923.

was correct, ex cept that perhaps you might have fi r st washed eye with warm sterile water, if su c h had been available. Further, the dressing of face burns with oil was forced on you by circumstances, since you realised the need for covering tip burns, but could not lay hands on the dressings now recommended in Textbook, though here a ga in a prelim inary washin g with ",arm sterile water m ight have minimised the burnin g a c tion of Lysol and a lso soothed the njured part. - N.c. F.

U S E OLt' HA DK lL RC ll lEF RI ',S P IR ATO R.

H. J. ( Batter sea ). ·-In an article on G a s- Poison ing) publishe d in the Journ a l some time bac k, gr a ve warnin g was is sue d aga inst the Il s e of a wet handker c h ief as respirator. Nevertheles s, for u ffoca t ion by Smoke or Gas e s th e Textbook ( p 132) tells us to use a wet h a ndker c h ief P lease advise ?

R. C. (York ).- Recently I had to treat a lad who fell on his shoulder wh ile riding a motor b icycle. There was a lar g e bruise on point of shoulder where patient fell but there was absolutely no loss of power. Indeed, the patient, when asked if he could move his arm, swung his upper limb just l ike a blacksmith striking his anviL 1< urthe r , I found a little irregularity towards the outer end of the clavicle.

I n v iew of the history and this last fact I treated for Fracture of Clavicle, and removed patient to h is doctor who d iagnosed dislocation of outer end of clavicle, and who declined to mod ify his d ia g nosis even in view of the X-ray report that clav icle was broken. Please tell me if it is possible for a patient to move his a rm with fra c ture or dislocation of clavicle, and if I was ri g ht in treatin g a s fra c ture.

Read your Textbook ( p. 55 ) and note its words - " arm on injured s ide is p a rtially helpless. " In other words it is q Uite possible to find more or less free movement of upper 11m b WIth fractures (and d islocat ions ) of clavicle. This is espe ci ally the case when the outer half of clavicle is involved and is more eas ily understood when you remember that the clavicle is the "key-bone " of the should e r girdle (be ing so-called on a cc ount of its shape ) and serves to keep out the po int of sho u lder Your case was perhaps exceptional in the freedom of movement remaining; and you were, of course, quite right in treat ing for fracture.-N.C.F.

TREAT1lE NT O F B LEEDING NO S E.

A.C . ( Sheffield ) :-Please tell us why with Bleedin g from N ose the Textbook ( p. 105 ) instru c ts us to seat patient" with hands raised above head."

If the hands are raised above head, the cubic capacity of chest is increased. This produces a dilatation of the large veins at th eir entry to right auricle, whereby the ven o us return of blood to heart is fac ilitated with beneficial results in Nose Bleeding which is usually venous.-N.C.F.

TREA T MENT O F LY SOL BURNS.

W B. ( West Norwood ).-The ., Lysol Poisoning " query in January issue interested me very much, because recently I had to treat a man whose face and left eye were badly burned through upsetting- a bottle of Lysol from a shelf. I decided to treat as for burns due to Carbolic Ac id, put some oil into the eye, supporting same with soft pad and bandage, and dressed the face with a lint -mask soaked in oil, as I had no C0tton wool or boric ointment Was my treatment correct, please?

The eye IDJury falls under "forei g n body in eyeball" (Textbook, p. 117); and your treatment with olive oil, &c.,

All authorit ies are ag reed in condemn in g th e u s e of a wet handker c h ef a s re s p rat o r, c h ie fl y b ec au s e it m ay en c our age a man ( J) to take tot a lly un jus t ifiab le r isk s a n d (2) to ne g le ct hi s Textbook wh ic h under" So ur c es of Dan g er \) ( p 20) warn s

First -A iders th a they have a duty toward s the ms elve s.

Dr. H. W S paig ht, who ha s ha d a w ide ex p er ien c e wit h Gas-Poisonin g, wr ites in a ns we r to th is q uer y "The we t h a ndker c hief a fford s a c ertain a mount of p r ote c t io n in sm o k e as a jil er , bu t none whatsoever in a n y for m o f true gas- po ison in g. To me it is pos it iv el y d a n g er o us a s it m ay giv e a n utterl y fal s e sense of secur i ty in a p ois onou s at mosp here. The on ly protection a g ain s t Ca rb o n Mon o xid e is m one of the form s of oxy g en - carryin g resp irat ors u s e d in ;\ Ime h.e sc ue \ Vor k , where a s there wa s none in the small box resp ir at o r s u s e d for poi s on -g as dur in g the lat e \ Va r."- N C. F.

USE O " IO DlNE A l\ l'OUL E S.

A C. (Y orkc;h ire ) -P le as e tell us the c orre c t way o open he Iod ine ampoule s wh ic h ha ve a knob at one en d an d a point at the o ther. We u s ually break the p oi n t a nd a lw a ys find it d iffi c ult to g et the I o d ine to run out

Cat c h hold of knob, sh a ke down amp '1U le co nt e nt s in s ame way as you "set " a thermometer so th a a ll t he I odine is driven into b o dy of armp o ule, protect your fi n g ers with sm all p ece of cotton wool wh ile you gra s p the kn o b and break it off.- N.C. F .

T RE AT M ENT O F H ANGING

H. W. ( Finchley ) - I am told that it is illegal to interfere in any way with persons found suspended as in hanging unt il the police have been summoned and taken charge. Pleas e tell me if my information is correct ?

You retail an old myth which has survived too long. It is the duty of a good citi zen to prevent crime; and it is th e privilege of an efficient First -Aider to save life. For these tw o reasons, therefore, in such an emergency, yOU shuuld follow the inst:uctions ( p. 131 ), and postpone sending for policeman untIl patIent has been released from his perilous position and correct treatment applied.- N .C F.

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FR AC T UR E VIT H OU T Lo ss O F P OWE R

-FIRST

tain that patient was breathing naturally. Was the Instructor justified in his action?

Hoots' awa' ! You present one side of a story !! suspend judgment until I hear what the Instructor has to say !6} course, the only indicatio n for artificial respiration is the threatening or complete cessation of breathing. Further, breathing is not usually suspended in Epilepsy, except during the actual co nvulsions when artificial respiration is impossible ow i ng to the muscular contractions.-N.C.F.

SERVICE MEDAL.

J. D. ( Tylorstown ).-Asks if having obtained a First Aid Certificate label medallion prior to the formation of an Ambulance Division if th e period counts towards the Service Medal, al so if a period with the R.A..M.C. counts as double service.

Y our service only counts from the time of your joining the S J.A.B., and apparently you not being a member of that body when you joined the R.A.M.C. your war service with that u nit aoes not count as double, which it would do if you had been a member uf the Brigade.

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SPECIAL LINES.

S.J.A.B. Tunic aDd Trousers = £2 : 7 6 (Black Vicuna or Serge)

S.J.A.B. Trousers M 12/6 & 16/6 per pair (Stock, all sizes) (Po stage gd.)

W h C o oured D ag r ams. 12 pp. F older. Cl olb, 6d. Paper. :old. Pos t !d HOME NURSING IN FEW WORDS. 26 th th o usand) With usefu l refe rence tab es. 14 pD. P a per, :old. BANDAGINC DIAGRAMS. C ompan on Folder to above t2 pp. P aper, 2d. Post !d HEALTH IN FEW WORDS. By R, t1 FIRTH. D.P.H •• P.R C.S. 20 t h Thousand. Paper folder 3 in and 4 in. P ost free 3d. ne t.

By M. PRESTON. Dem onstrator to tAe PolytecA c THE TRIANCULAR BANDAGE: Its Application Accurately Desc.;bed by Words and 116 Diagram s 116 Illus. Price, IS. ne t pos tage 2d. THE ROLLER BANDAGE.

Its Application Accurately Described by Words and 162 Diagrams. Price, S. net; postage, 2d.

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIABRAMS.

Thirteen (I to 12 and 4) on Roller. Post free, 3s. 9d. net. No 13 (separately) Male and Female Genit a l Organs, IS. THE COMPLETE MANIKIN. Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy, Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects. Price 2S. net; postage, 4d. THE WHOLE ART OF BANDABINII.

By THBKLA BOWSER. J ll u st r ated. P ost free IS. Jld. POCKET FIRST AID SERIES.

By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B •• C.M.O" C.I.B .• D.S.O" M.D (I) Poisoning, (2) H ce morrh age, (3) Insensi b ility, (4) As phyxia (Su s pended Breathing), (5) Fractures, Dislocations and Sprains, (6) Wound s, Bi tes, Burns, Scalds, Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series contain s all the essentials of First Aid. Printed on linen·lined

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST

country from preventable accidents, rests in some measure, and at some time, upon most of us.

I

Work In all its bra nches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Repo rts on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Prac tical Papers.

All Rep orts, &c., sh ould be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him befo re he 12th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily rOY ou blication) by the name and address of the Corres pondent.

Subscriptions , Advertisements and other business Communications co nne cted with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LoNDON, E.C. 4.

7 tlegrap ltic Addr ess : "Twentv·jour, London." 7 elephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

WE deal e lsew h ere in this issue with Accident the report of the Chief Inspector of P revention. Factories for the year I922, and it is so far the most reliabl e data available for in dus trial accident statistics, and it is only by assembling statistics with reasonable accuracy and completeness ha t a diminution of prev c: ntable a ccidents will be b roug ht about.

While adequate legislation based upon the information obtained will do much in handling this problem, it is highly problble that the intelligent study by each one of us of the industrial conditions in our own small corner, and a serious conscientious effort at remembering dangerous situations where we as individuals find ourselves will do vastly more.

The steady growth of first aid training indicates the responsiveness both in and out of industry to a practical scheme of accident pr e ventive and diminution.

Our Essay Competitions.

THE Editor has decided to re·start periodical essay competitions in Ambulance Work, and offe rs a Home Office First Aid Cabinet as a prize for the best essay submitted before October loth, 1923. on the following question :-

Describe fully the ways in which an urn brella may be made to serve an useful purpose in

The Editor reserves the right to withhold this award if no essay of sufficient merit be presented, and to publish in the J oumal any paper which wins the approval of the doctor judges, whose decisions shall be final.

AMBULANCE NURSES COATS

All Wool Grey, and Black Serge.

Extra quality material. Strictly to regulation.

THORNTON & Tailors,

37/6 Postage 1/. CO., 24, Commercial St., BRIGHOUSE. TELRPH'"'NR 281.

The gross total of accidents occurring in a country in the va rious industries leads nowhere. It is only when the ma ttE[ is traced back to the industrial conditions under whi ch the accidents occur that a beginning is made towards a k nowledge of the proper remedial measures and their a pp lication.

Cause classification of accidents is vital to the establishment of the machinery which will lead to accident p re ve ntion on a large scale, and the moral responsibility for the elimination of the enormOUS loss of life in this

Competition papers must not contain more than 75 0 words, and the name and of the comp -; titor enclosed on a separate sheet of paper, and must be addressed to the Editor FIRST AID, 46, Cannon.street, E.C.4, the envelope marked \I Competition."

Tte L.C.c. have been asked to instal an ambulance station at N c;w Cross Gate.

3' E

I pswich Corps collected £ 19 I7 S. I d. on the flag da y organised in June. The officer s of the COl p5 are to be congratulated in arranging the details for the occasion.

3'he Grand 3ltior!J of the Order of the }{ospUal of St. John of Jerusalem in &ngland. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

3'he St. John .;\mbulanee Srigade. Prince of Wales's Distrkt

DISTRICT ORDERS.

COMMISSIONER: W. H. WINl\Y, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL OCTOBER, 1923.

The Divis ions tak ing duty at Ambulance Station at St. Paul's will be notified separately by post.

Duty from 2.30 p .m., 10 8.30 p m., Key from St. J oho's Gate at 2 p m.

A NUAL INSPECTION.

A special cir c ular has been sent to each Divis!on giving the details of company formatIOn and the ttmes of assembly. If the I n s pect ion is to be carried out successfully these times must be strt c tly adhered to.

TRAl\SFER

Lieut.-Col. Brooks date of appointment as Assistant Commissioner in the Br ig ade was erroneously stated in last issue to be November, 19 2t. The correct date is November, 19 1 I.

A considerable amount of correspondence which should be addressed to the Officers in Charge of the newly constituted areas of No. DisErict is st ll se.lt to District Headquarters. All correspondence, except that for the Central Area and applications for forms, should be sent to the Area Officer.

OFFICERS DlNNER.

The Annual Officers' Dinner will be held on October 20th at the Connaught Rooms. Applications for tickets should be sent to Capt. Calvin Lines, 93, \Vest End Lane, Hampstead.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending news paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

No. 2 District.

AVL ES13U RV.- The Annual Squad Competition for the handsome silver challenge cup presented by Mr. Lionel de Rothschild, M.P , to the Aylesbury Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, took place :on September 4th. I n addition to the members of the Brigade and their friends there were present the Mayor, President of the Division ( Alderman G. J. Thrasher ), 1\1rs. and Miss Thrasher, Supt. H. Wootton, Mrs. J. T. Marshall, Mrs. P . Marshall, and Mrs. C E. Vince Supt. P. Marshall was in charge of the parade, with Ambulan c e Officer C. E. Vm c e second in command. Dr. S. J. C. Holden judged practical work and Dr. T. Perrin took the theoretical questions. The three squadrons competing were handled by Sergt. C Wise, Corpl. A E. Smith and Corpl. H. T. Caudery.

Before ask ing the Mayoress to present the awards, Supt. P. Marshall expr(ssed pleasure at seeing the wives and friends of the men present. They hoped that next year the Brigade would have a station of their own; not that they wanted to leave this one, because, thanks to the Chief Constable and

AID.- September, 1923

Supt. Wootton, they were very comf?rtably housed and were getting on remarkably but ttme come when the town was Roing to provtde them wtth a station.

The Mayor then distributed the prizes, Supt. P. Marshall announcing the result of the competition a s follows :-

First (winners of the cup and glass stIver-mounted muffineers for each member of the squad)-Serg. C. Wise's squad, comprising Ptes. H. Atkins, W. Clark, R. Felix and G. Haycroft, 8 r marks out of a possible roo, 46 of 60 for stretcher test, and 3S out of 40 for theorett c al questIOns.

Second-Corpt. H. T. Caudrey s squad, conststtng of Pte s R. G illett, A. D. Harrison, G. Thorne, and T Dadey; 70 marks, 35 for each course.

Thtrd -Corpl. A. E. Smith's squad, comprising Ptes. O Cornwall, J. Young, S. H. Perry and B. H. Caudrey ; 66 mark s, 33 for each course.

This is the Eecond year the cup has been competed for Capt. A E. Smith's Equad beinR the winners.

Ambulance Officer C. E. Vince, m proposin g a vote of thanks to the judges, expressed the membel s a ppre cia tio n of the in erest Dr. Perrin and Dr. Hulden took in th e Brigade.

3 District.

One of the Lady Divisional Supts in the Le icester S J. A. Brigade had a unique experience re c ently. She was a s ked to attend and render aid if necessary at an attempt t o sw m a c ro ss the Channel. Unfortunately the attempt faded, but the expe rience gained was interesting and extraordin a ry [t was m ore of the nature of sustaining life agatnst g reat od js than strt c tl y First Aid or nursing WOI k, but the knowledge g ai ned wdl be of great use, no doubt. I t necessitated preparedness for an y emergency or disaster.

Other members of the Brigade were on duty at a Ch ildren 's Treat some time ago, when two wasp :.' ne s t Were dis t urbed and numbers of the insects swarmed into the tent where the children were sheltering from the ra in Bo th a dult s an d children were stung in many placec:, :lnd the only availabl e dressing handy in any quantity was lo d tne wh ic h proved ver y efficacious.

No. 4 Disrrict.

SHEFFIELD. - - The Annual I nspection of the Corps took place on September 1st, in the Farm Grounds, Norfolk Par k Road, Sheffield. The inspection ground, kindly lent fo r the occasion by the courtesy ot Mr H. T. Mabson, and with the consent of the agents to her Grace the Duchess of Norfolk , was admirably sutted for the purp:>se.

The Inspecting Officer, Assistant Commissioner H. C. Else, arrived on the field at 3. 15, and received the genera l salute. He was attended by Larly District Officer, Irs. \Vood Lady District Supt. Mrs. Birkbeck, Assist. Commissioner, H. C. Chambers, of the North East Derbyshire aTea, and District Officer Captain O. E. Buxton. Divisional Supt. Hame r Russell acted as aide-de-camp.

The Sheffield Corps under the command of Corps Supt

A. E. Taylor, M.B.E, was drawn in llOe. followmg Divisions, which are all incorporated in the Sheffield Corps, were well represented. Sheffield" A" Division ( Corps Officer, C. H. Forster), Sheffield" B " and" C. " Divisions ( Supt. C. H Fox), Sheffield "D" Division ( Ambulance Officer, J. H. Newton), Heeley Division ( Supt. f. Smith ), Handsworth and District Division ( Supt. J. Edwards ), Stockbridge and District London, Midland, and Scottish Ra Iway ( Supt. H. T. Bromage ), Sheffipld Nursing Division (Lady Supt. Mrs. M. Waller and Ambul mce Officers Miss C. Ashberry and Miss. L. Whitworth ), Heeley Nursing Division ( Supt . Miss E. Taylor).

After the general salute, which was effc:ctively sounded b y the bugle band, under Corporal Lowe, Assistant Commissioner Else inspected the line. On the right flank, the Ambulance Sisters, who looked very smart in white caps and indoor dresses, first came in for scrutiny. As the Inspecting Officer passed down the line musical selections were played by the brass b4nd attached to the L.M.&S. Railway Division. Later, when

-FIRST

Corps Supt. Taylor led the Corps past the saluting base in column of Divisions, the band played the" March Past." Stretcher drill, hand seat drill, and company drill followed the Handsworth and Stocksbridge 0 visions, being allotted to the treatment of " dummy" pattents, to whom they rendered " first aid."

The Nursing Divisions, retiring to another part of the g round, were soon busy in demonstrating their efficiency in the work for whic h they were trained, and numerous examples of roller bandaging were inspected.

The parade state showed: Ambulance men, all ranks, 62 making a total of 247 on parade.

After inspection tea was served to Brigade members and friends. Sports, competitions, and dancing followed.

No. 5 District.

HE \NOR AND IU:'Ec.;TON.-On September 2nd the members of the Ambulance Division, headed by the Heanor Church Temperance Band and the Ilkeston Borough Band, paraded to t he Loscoe Baptist Church for service. There was a larg-e t urn out, and the procession was a lengthy one. The Brigades

AI D.- 47 No. 6 District.

HULL.-On August 4th the Western Cadet Division went to camp at Elloughton, E. Yorks., and had a splendid eight days. The Division has only been in existence some fifteen months and is not numerically strong. This made the running of a camp a rather hazardous enterprise; however, with the help of a few friends who are interested in the boys, and strenuo.us efforts on the part of the Cadet it was found posstble to take fourteen boys to camp at an inclusive charge of Ss. 6d. per head.

The Hull Corps possesses a splendid headquarters with a large and up-to-date drill hall at the rear, which affords an opportunity to train the boys under almost ideal conditions. On September 13th the boys took part in their first annual inspection along with the senior Divisions. In Hull there are three Boy Cadet Divisions, and the Western have only six boys in full uniform and seven boys possessing cap and belt. The cost of uniform is proving a great deterrent, and it is hoped that before long it will be found possible to make some reduction in the price.

Cadet Division attached to Northampton Nursing Division.-It is the first to be formed in the District. were under Dr. A. Dobson, of ilkeston, Assistant Commissioner for Derbyshire, Dr. \\T. H. Turton being in charge of the HeanoT Division, and Supt. H. Tatham of the Ilkeston D ivision.

CHATHAM.-Gold Stop \Vatch Competition result:\Vatc.h stopped 6 4 mms. 33 secs. Winner, N. Green, Hamtlton-avenue, Ratnham. Hon. Secs., Supt. A. F. Hawksworth and Ambulance Officer S. S. Yeman.

BATLEY.-The marriage took place on JtJly 3rd, at the Catholic Apostolic Church, Batley, by the Rev. H. Middleton, of Divisional Supt. Edward D. Glover (Armley and Wortley Division, S.J.A.B.) to Miss Heppy \Valler, eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W. Waller, of Dewsbury. Both bride and bridegroom are known in a wide circle. Divisional Supt. E. D. Glover has been connected with the Leeds Corps for a number of years. Joining as a private, afterwards taking up duties as Divisional Secretary, and then as Ambulance Officer, he was finally appo;nted Superintendent of the Armley and Wortley Division. Having resided also in the district for a period of ten years, at New Wortley Pharmacy, he is a well-known local business man, besides being connected with other public and social work in Armley and Wortley. The bride was also known in various spheres of work in Dewsbury and Batley.

International Conference of Red Cross Societies.

THE eleventh International Conference of Red Cross Societies, organised by the International Red Cross Committee, Geneva, began at Geneva on August 28th, and ended on September 1St. The Conference opened with a meeting of speci al delegates, one from each National Society, and of members of the Internat"onal Committee, to form a bureau and draw up a programme of business. This was followed by the opening general meeting, presided

No. 8 District.

-FIRST

over by the venerable internat:onal jurist, M Actor, once PrEsident of the Swiss Confederation, and for many years Presidtnt of the International Red Cross Committee. In the course of his address M. Ador r ferr d to the work of the Red Cross and touched on the efforts that had been made during the past year, but without success, to come to an agreement with the League of Red Cross Societies. An animated discussion followed the rEading, by Dr. Depage, of the Belgian Red Cross Society, of a letter from the three deJegates of the U oited StatEs, intimating their reasons for not atteJding the Conference. A committee of fifteen was appointed to study the question of amalgamation and rel?ort on it by June, 1924, and there the rests for the time being; the views of delegates regarding thi, committee were expressed at a private meeting held on the morning of August 30th. In other respects, the business transacted during the Conference was uncontroversible. Committees were set up to study snd report en such questions as general Red Cross finance and the formation of a special reserve of funds, and the drawing up of a code for dealing with civil populations in occupied enemy territory or civi li a'1s into-n e d in enemy belligerent territory. Senator Ciralao, President of the Italian Red Cross, gave an address on the personnel and stores needed for use during sudden calamities. The various committees met in the art ernoons; at the morning sessions a delegate from each Red Cross society gave a summary of the work carried out by his sec ' ety since the last International Conference in April, 1921. This year's ConfereocE' at Geneva was attended by delegates from 44 National Red Cross Societies and from 38 Governments, and 22 of charitable and humane societies attended by invitation. Two receptions were held, one on the evening of the opening day and another on the evening of August 31St.

The Ambulance Department of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem as a Civic Welfare Auxiliary. *

By HEDLEY V. MILLER.

Ass£stomt Commissioner SI.lolm A7Ilbuianre Rl'igadf'

(Concluded from page 27 )

By Public Duty is meant the attendance of ambulance men and sisters acting under police direction whenever large crowds gather at meetings, processions and d e monstrations, or where there are possibilities of casualties, at hors e rac e s, athletic sports, football matches, fe'es and similar engagements.

The First-Aid Service is carried out from three ambulance stations situated some distan c '! apart in th e ex:ended borough; these premises contain appliances to cope with sudden calls to render aid to one or to victims of accidents. The four motor ambulances which constitute the mechanical transport faciliti e s are occasionally all engaged at the same time. for street emergencies is generally .summoned .by the polICe force ?ver thp. private telephone hne connectlOg the central and ambulance stations. Since war a marked increase has been observed in the number of accidents in rural districts, due to, (a) the great amount of p )w e r-driven machinery now uSt:d in agriculture, and (b) the volume of motor traffic to

* A Paper read before the H oyal In s titute of Publi c Health.

Al D.- September, 1923.

and from Plymouth. One of the Plymouth motor ambulances is on loan from that admirable national service, the Home S ervice Ambulance Department of St. John and the Red Cross Joint Committee.

All the local public bodies and institutions caring for the sick and infirm wisely and economically lea"Vc the transport of their patients to the ambulance service inste td of each maintaining conveyances of which only partial use could be made. Road journeys are undet taken within a sixty miles radius, and by means of appliances adaptable to a railway compartment or a ship's cabin, invalids are removed to or from distant parts of Great Britain and Ireland. This work is only done on the authority of a patient's medical adviser. The most difficult undertaking of the Transport Department up to the present was th e conveyance on a stretcher of an advanced case of cancer from a Union Castle Liner in Plymouth ouod to a cottage silUa t e d in the midst of an Irish bog, the journey being successfully accomplished by st pam r, raJ! and road V'a PI) moulh, Fleetwood and Belfast. Not only are the hospitals and nursing homes catered for, but the ambulance is the transport auxiliary for the Ministry of PenSIOns, several Boards of Guardians, PubJ"c Health Committee, some of the Dartmoor Sanatoria and the Maternity Institutions.

As the soldier goes into action ac::ompanied by the stretcher so in Plymcuth the fire·fighters never engage their relentless enemy without ambulanCe men, and on or more cars, being found with the fire engines. The SI. John Headquarters are in circuit with the Municipal Fire Alarm System, S) the firemtn and first-aiders are simultaneously called. At a fire, rescued persons needing treatm :nt are received from the firemen, assisttLOce is given to those injured in the work of attacking the fire or on cnlvage duty, and frequently at a large outbreak the bed ridden and children in the vicinity have to be cared for and removed. It was especially by their strenuous service at the great Salisbury Road Hospital Fire that the Plymouth Ambulance men gained their reputation as a Fire Brigade auxiliary.

An ever growing demand exists for the help of the ambulance sisters, who, without encroaching on the rightful sphere of the trained nurse, are able to do valuable work. A well-equipped nursing station was established last year, and under an Honorary Matron, fully trained in nursing and midwifery, is staffed by the female workers of the Order and the Red Cross Society. The hospitals. infirmary and nursing hames are thankful to draw on this reserve during periods of emergency, epidemic or sickness of nurses. Wom en are accompanied in the ambulance'), and temporary nursing is carried out pending the of patients to an institution or the of a trained nurse. The ambulance men are also t) be found at the bedside, for they are requisitioned by the hospitals to act as attendants for mental cases, and by nursing homes to carry patients to and from the operating theatres.

The poor who during illness badly feel the lack of nursing appliances so easily obtainable by those in better circumstances, are occasionally loaned equipment from the am bulance stations; they are also glad to call for advice and assistance in securing the largO' and more expensive articles not able to be kept in stock.

It is little realised, even by Plymou h residents, what a number of accidents occur on board ships and fishing trawlers, and in connection with boating liners arrive with one or more passengers strickEn with sudden illness or injury, so orderlie3 with appliances are conveyed

September, 19 2 3. - FIRS T

to the VEssels, and the patients are removed ashore for treatment eith er at Plymouth or at their homes in distant towns , Special apparatus have sometimes to be used to lower the cases from I h towering deck of the steamship to the waiting motor launch. L')wmoor Jacket Stretchers are installed at the docks for the hoisting by means of a crane, of men seriously injured in the deep cargo spaces and stokp,holds of merchant ships loading or discharging.

Arrangements have been made for a first-aid squad to "stand by" every time the lifeboat is summoned. The value of this procedure was strikingly demonstrated in 920, when a large French bargue was wrecked on the breakwater. When the lifeboat returned with the survivors, many in a state of collapse, they were all conveyed to hosp tals or homes by the m'Jtor ambulances.

Having summarised the Order of St. John's activities in the historic West country sear»rt, it remains to reiterate that this service is not to be regarded as unique, but typical. By any commu'1ity trusting and pncouraging thts movement as Plymouth has done, it will be amply rewarded; for the scope of the Ambulaoce D_partment seems be U ldless.

Pas,ing reference to tne work of the Association and B rigade wh.>rc of a type to that already described, will be food for thought. B J )'S and girls are organised into Ambulan ce Cadet unit!'. C )lltery Rescue stations are staffed, Lincoln has Its Mobi le X -ray Plant, Dublin has hospital supply and baby clothing depo :s, Bedford maintains a Sick DIet Section, the Welsh Priory is active in its aid to the men broken in the war, Tynemol1th spEcialises in life -saving, the railway systems have an exc t. llent educational system in fir;;t-aid, and in many large works (thanks to th p Horne OffiCe! Welfare Ord e rs from 1916 onward), ambul1nce mFn are now well organised to use the dressings and ap?liances supp lied in all dang e rous industries.

Want of space prevents an account of the St. Jobn workers' auxiliary service to Tu berculosis Venereal DIsease Clinics, D istrict Nursing Organisations, School Nurses, Health VIsitors and Infant Welfare CEntres; undoubtedly with the Governmtntal and local economy about to be enforc >d, the sick and "fflicted will more than ever have to depend on voluntary aid, such as the Ambulance of the Order is well able to render.

In conclusion atkntion is drawn to the imp.)rtant welfare work of the Order at Jerusalem, where it maintains a large ophthalmic hospital, famous throughout the Near East.

It is claimed, and with jU')tific 1 tion, that the revived Order, by its record in war, national calamity and public welfare activities, is in successi)n of that illustrious Fraternity whose fidelity to principle and devotion t ) the suffering is a legacy to be priz:!d, a work to emulate, and a tradition to lOspire.

Pro Ptdf. Pro Utt'/t'tale .l.lOlllt'JlIl1Il.

Ltd., have by special resolution and pen.nission of the Board of Trade changed their name to The Salus Co., Ltd., York -road Station, N.I, and they will still continue to manufacture their Lyson under the Salus brand. E

The Dewsbury and District Corps was represented at the funeral of Col. Edwin Lee, V. D., which took place on August 25th. Col. Lee was interested in the ambulance movement in Dewsbury since 1883, and was the chiEf &urgeon of the corps.

L. M. & S. Railway.

F U RNRSS CENTRE.

BELOW we give the marking sheets of the annual cOlDtJetition of the Furness Section of the L. & S Railway held on September 1St. At the time of going to press the rEsults of the contest have not come to hand.

P ART A. TEST.

Card No. I.-A platelayer working on the line is caught by an engine and flung down a steep embankment, at the bottom of which is a wall, which he sttikes with his head.

What steps will YOIl take to render First Aid?

Card No. 2.-When found he is lying at the bottom of the embankment, absolutely unconscious. There is a large scalp wound on the top of the bead, bleeding freely; there is also blood oo zi ng from the ears. His breathing is slow and noisy. The left leg hangs loose below the knee, and the trousers are marked by an increasmg stain on the outer side of a dark colour.

\Vhat

Treat and remove to nearest shelter. (There is no other way of removing this man except by bringing him along the line to a shelter a short distance away).

B. INDIVIDUAL TESTS.

No. r.-(a) A guard boarding a train slips and falls on the point of the elbow on to the platform. On examination you find very considerable swelling, loss of power and fairly free arterial h ,-"c morrhage . He complains of very great pain.

may he be suffering from? (b

Treat for complicated fracture of el?ow joint.

No. 2.-A shunter is crushed between the buffers of slowly moving wagons. He shows typical signs and symptoms of internal Treat him.

Patient flat

AID.- Septem ber, 1923

examination you find he is unconscious, the mouth is drawn to left side, pupils irregular, face flushed, and pulse (ull. What is he suffering from, and what is your treatment

September, 19 2 3, -'IRST

subsequent luncheop, under tte presidency of. th.e late Alderman Nicholson, J. P., the certificates wei e dlstnbuted by Mr. Slater, who also prerfnted a writing cabinet to the ins tructor engraved" Presented to Dr. J. Johnston, M.D" by of the Bolton Co.'s. Ambula.nce Cla ss (St. John Branch), ID recognItIOn of kmd serVIce::; ren dered as instructor.-March 21st, 1889,11

A 10,Reviews.

THE FIRST RED CROSS.

By Cecilia Old meadow.

London: Burns Oates & \Vashbourne, Ltd, Price 4s. 6d.

,"

comes in contact with a broken l ive electric wire. Describe in detail how you would (ree him from this, and your treatment afterwards.

That date substantiates the claim that the L. and Y. railwa y men of Trinity-street Station,. the pio neers in railway ambulanee work I? thl.s locality over 3 6 years ago, during whole ?f hme they have carrie d on the work WIth unflaggmg IDterest and zeal, <l;od they still continue to do so, J. Y. Roughley having taken the place of Mr. Clarkson some time ago. Dr, Johnsto n still acts honorary instructor, several membe rs of the origmal class belDg still to the fore, The work and career of the Corps have such as to reflect great credit upon the members and their who taken a high place in several ambulance serVice, and r.adway competitio ns and it is now rememhered With pnde that the first ambulance man to be decorated during the Great War was Sergt. E. Welch, of the Bolton L. and y, Railway Am bulance Corps, while the second was Pte, George Stockham, of the same corps-who was awarded the Distinguis hed Conduct medal for service in Dardanelles -his n lme appearing among the last of birthday published on June 3rd, c9[5-news afterwards arnvlOg that he ha d been seriously wounded on May 17tb, and had died from wounds.

Dolton pioneer railway ambulance corps is now amalgamated witb the Nortbern Divisional. Ambu.lance C entre of the London, Midland, a"'d ScottIsh RaIlway, with Mr. G, H, Nutter, Hunt s Bank, Manchester, as Centre Secretary,

We always thought that the Order of St. John-which at its dispersal in I798 had completed seven hundred years of humanitarian work-prepared the way for the Red Cr?ss Movement which sprang into promine.nce the First Geneva Convention of 1864, \Ve learn With surprise. that according to the authoress of The First Red thiS honour belongs to the Camillian Order, the founder of whlchCamillus-died in 1614·

We find that the claim is based on the fact that members of the Camil1ian Order, who devoted themselves to work ,in hospitals and slums wore a red cross The argument falls because members other organisations-for the Knights Templar-adopted the red cross as their em ,b lem, whereas the First Geneva Convention selected as the mternatIOnal emblem a red cross Oll a white fackground- this being, in fact a reversal of the colours of the Swiss flag, which, in Its turn, its origin to the White Cross of St. John on red background.

However this may be, the book sets forth the lIfe and works of Camillus in an interesting fashion, and shows us that even in the dark Middle Ages, when poverty was rampant and charity rare, there were heroes, by the possible motives, were ready to sacnfice their health and lIves In the interest of the sick poor. For the rest we learn that the Camillian Order flourishes to-day in Italy, Ireland, <? erI!1 any, Spain and Holland, and carnes on the good work first IDstltuted by its founder,

(

woman is endeavouring to lIft a heavy washtub. She suddenly screams and complains of intense pain ill the upper part of the thigh near to the fold of the ?rOIn, and extendIng upwards towards the right iliac region, What has happened?

her. Place

The Late Sir Edward Ridsdale.

WE r€gret to announce the death of Sir A.urelian Ridsdale , wbich took place at his Pern brokeshlre resldence, Wate rwyncb, near Tenby, on St'ptember 7th, Sir Edward Ridsdale, who was born on February 23rd, 1864, was the eldest son of the late Mr. Ed ward Lucas Jenk s Ridsdale. of Rottingdtao. He was educate? at Uni versity College School and the Royal School of .Mmes.

MASSAGE IN FRACTURES A D I JURIES TO JOINTS,

By Olive F. Sands. London

: The Scientifi c Press, Ltd. Price IS, 3d. net.

Apropos an article which appeared in the Bolton 7im es last month in connection witb the retirement of Mr. Charles Clarkson, a veteran Bolton ambulanc.e man, a correspondent sends us some interesting details with regard to the development of railway ambulance wor k in the

The first class for railway instruction in First Aid in Bolton was held in one of the rooms adjoining the old L.&Y. Parcels Office, in 1888 89, being prompted by the presentation of a wheeled ambulance carriage to the station by the late Mr. William Slater, of Dunscar. The work of honorary surgeon-instructor was undertaken by Dr, J ohnston, and that of honorary secretary by Mr. Charles Clarkson.

The list of members of that class has been preserved, in a document which is now historical.

At the conclusion of the class the members were examined and certified as efficient in First Aid, and at a

From 1906 till 1910 he was Liberal M.P. for Bllghton. Sir Edward Ridadale was actively associated with the work of the British Red Cross Society, b e ing Chairman of the Exec utive Committee for two years before the war; and duri ng the war years he was Deputy-Chairman. In 19[5' 1916 he was Special Commissioner in Salonika .Mesopotamia, and he was a member of the. Commlsslon .of Inquiry into tbe medical m

He was also Acting Red Cross CommiSSIOner ID France In 1916 Sir Edward Ridsdale received the honour of Knight Grand Cross of the Older of the British Empire in 1920, He was High Sheriff of Pembrokeshire in 1921. He was the author of a work on "Cosmic Evolution," Sir Edward Ridsdale married in 1900 Su')an Stirling, third daughter of the late Mr. John Ritchie Findlay, of Aberlour, by whom he had a son and Mr. Baldwin, the Prime Minister, is married to a sIster of the late Sir Edward Ridsdak

The "DECORATORS' & PAINTERS' MAGAZiNE Ii (IS. monthly) is THE trade paper for all interested.Publishing Office: 46, Cannon Stree.t, E.C

This little book briefly and clearly deals with the correct methods which should be used in mas,sage treatment to fractures and joint injuries. Further, It detaIls the precautions which must be observed throughout such treatment, and sets forth useful hints concerning the care and management of patient. ,. h

Based on so practi r: aI a scheme, the book wIll In trut prove a help to trained workers who have not opportunity of recent experience in treatment of such cases, less than to students whose work is carried out under superVISion. A bnef index only is to complete a thoroughly p.rac tl ca and useful little book of reference on an Important subject.

WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID (Difficulties in First-Aid solved by Question and Answer), By N. Corbet Fletcher, M.B., M.R.C,S. Fifth Edition. 15th Thousand, London: Bale Sons & Danielsson, Ltd, Pn'ce IS. net.

This book is now a recognised textbook in First-Aid a,nd requires no word of praise from us, though we remember With satisfaction that some ten years ago wholeheartedly its first appearance and propheSied for It a long and useful career. "

With characteristic attention to detail Dr, Corbet Fletcher

-FIRST

co.mpletely revised the book and brought it strictly into lme wIth the latest e,lition of the official Textbook, which still requires an aid-book such as this to explain its difficulties. Further, we note amongst new matter all the more important points with which the doctor has dealt so efficiently in the Query Columns of this Jouma!. The book has grown somewhat through the additIon of twenty pages of subject matter; and those 10 possession of previous edItions, if they want to keep abreast ot their work, will be wise to replace their copies without delay with this, the fifth and latest edition.

I n short, the book is wonderful value for the price charged like all other publ :cations produced by Messrs. Bale, Ltd, IS well printed on good paper. Our one criticism is that we regret the omission in this edition of the "Summaries of Il which med to figure at the end of each chapter. ThIS, is an error of omission which readers-possibly the.lr pers?nal ad",:antage-ca n amend by drawing up and InsettIDg theIr own lists.

----.--.-----

Barnoldswick Division and Field Gala, Day.

Report by Dr. W. Arnott.

SQUAD CO IPETITION.

(a) INDIVIDUAL T ESTS.

Sports,

the dItch and loaded into a motor ambulance which had come up the road to the scene of the accident, in response to a summons.

SPECIAL POINTS IN THE l\IARKING.

(a) Correct division of the work.

(b) Neither patient to be left unattended by a member of the squad.

(c) Treatment of both patients in the most favourable positIon, i.e., on the level top of the bank.

(d) Time taken to complete treatrrent and load up.

(e) Precautionary tourniquet to the femoral in the fracture case.

(f) Careful exam ination of the insensible driver, with questions to the examiner to ascer tain the patient's condition on every po int in the order of their importance.

(g) Correct inference or diagnosis of the ca

(It) Good removal across the ditch.

COl\I?IENTS

The above list indicates the main points on which marks were made or Some squads missed enquiring for the smell of the breath and consequently missed the fact that the driver was drunk with rum, and treated him for apoplexy, heat ·stroke, &c.

Few gave to bystanders a clear written list of articles to be fetched from the farm, e, <T. , blankets, hot-water bottles, tumbler or cup, tablespoon, salt or mustard, jug of warm water, jug of hot tea or coffee, &c.

G.W.R. Centre of the S.J .A.A.

IT is announced that the Rt. Hon. the Viscount Churchill, G.C.V. O., Chairman of the Great Western Railway, has co nsented to the presidency of the G.W .R. centre of the St. John Ambulance Association, which became va cant on the death of her late Royal Highness Princess Ch ristian, who wa s president of the centre from its formatio n in November, J896, until the time of her death.

Speaking at Paddington on th p occasion of the G. W R. Final Competition in April last, Lord Churchill

A I D.- 53

cedents, should have entailed loss of life. On the other hand, a trivial cut or scratch can sc easily mean di!a5ter for the sufferer. A sp.verity rat e is largdy beyond human control; but an adequate and efficient first-aid service is of vital importance in this connection. All attendances at an ambulance station should be record ed, and first dressings shown distinct from redressin gs. The recording of each redressin g given by the ambulance dep artment is of great importance. The closer the check kept on cases after the first att e ndance in the ambulance ro::>m, the less the chance of septic conditions supervening. If a patient is instructed to return for redressing, these instructions should be implicitly carried out, and the record system should be of such a nature that a failure to attend would be immediately A case necessitating removal to hospital, or transfer to the care of the patient's doctor, should, of course, be also recorded by the ambulance room. Much, th e n, can be learned, not only from the records themselves, but from the use made of the records, and, above all, it is important that the conclusions put forward should be available for the consideration of the Safety Committee, or whoever else is responsible for the prevention of accidents in the worb.

First Aid in India.

No. was given a fracture case, No.2 a h::emorrhage case, No. 4 phospborous poisoning, NO.3 the case of a motor mechanic found in a closed garage unconscious, asphyxiated by fUJ?es from the exhaust of a car with engine running. The questIOns asked were the probable cause of the man's condition, procedure for removal, and subse<;uent treatment until the arrival of tbe doctor.

The of the squad, wbo was liable for questions, was set the followmg problem ;-Man rushes out of backyard and call s y?U to b.i s wife's .assis tance He and his wife were eating tbelr dmner 10 the kItchen and joking and laughing over it. Wife started coughing, went red in the face, eyes filled with tears, could not speak and tell her husband what was wrong. Husband notices that her full set of upper false teeth has disappeared.

find patier:t standing in the ba:kyard, unable to speak coug-hmg and gasplOg for breath, face red, eyes wet, right hand held to mouth and left hand lightly clenched. Give probable cause of condition and necessary treatment.

Almost all the competitors jumped to the conclusion that her tooth had down her throat and was choking her; but the facts ,a) tha.t It IS a complete upper set that is missing that .the patIent IS alIve, has walked out into the yard and IS standmg, and (c) that the face is red and not blue, suggest the contrary. Look at the throat-nothing; the patient had got a crumb the wrong way, taken fright and removed the tooth plate for safety; calming and reassurance successful.

(q) SQUAD AND STRETCHER T E ST S.

You see a motor lorry run off the road and overturn into a ditch which is 3 feet wide, deep, and filled with water. There are shouts of \I man hurt." As you approach you see the driver of the motor lorry slip from his seat and slide helpless to tbe ground on to the back at the far side of the ditch away from the road. The patient of your squad is to act as the driver of the lorry. There is a farm 200 yards away on the other side of the road

On approaching the overturned lorry a man is found pIDned to the far bank of the dItch with the lorry resting on his left lower limb. His injuries (stated on a second card given to him ) are simple fracture of the left femur just above the knee, and compound fracture of the middle of the left leg bone protuding through the skin; moderate h ce morrhage of the usual mixed character.

The squad's own stretcher was to be used for the fracture case; materials were provided for improvising a stretcher for the insensible man. Both had to be attended. moved across

The deep ditch, 3 feet wide, without blidge, presented a difficulty. SuggestIOns were made to carry the insensible man across on hand seats-presumably jumping the ditch! Ooe squad constructed a most insecure and dangerous looking bridge; it made one's heart sink to SeC the patient subjected to the risk of being let fall into the water. Another squad would undoubtedly have stuck in the mud and reeds in the ditch-bottom, for they stout heartedly proposed to wade through it. Hardly one did it correctly, pls sing the stretch er over a few inches at a tIm.:', resting on th e ground from t o oearers at one side to a bearer and a bystander on the other.

The test brought out r eady resource and good prac ical handling of a situation complicated by their being two patients to b e tr e ated instead of one.

The British Red Cross and Order of St. John Hospital Library is finding it more difficult now than at any time since 19 14 to satisfy the large demand for books and magazines for hospitalf:. L':lst week six thousand we re asked for and s{ nt. The library's stock of novels, books of adventure and travel is almost exhausttd. It buys thousands, but in a single week th ey are gon if not added to by gifts from the public, which, durin g August and SeptembEr, are few. Accordingly, an appeal is made to those who have bought magazines or amusing novels for or who have books they can spare, to send them the Secretary, Britlsh R e d Cross and Order of St. John Hospital LIbrary, 48, Queen's Gardens, London, W.2. They WIll be acknowledged immediately, and forwarded in carefully sel e cted parcels to British hospitals at home and overseas.

Should a considerable number of books be given, the library sends sacks and labds on receIpt of a post-card and pays carriage.

sai d that no phase of railway actIVIty appealed more stro ngly to him than the am bu lance movement, and there IS little doubt that his appointment as president of the centre will be a considerable asset to the movement.

First""Aid and Accident Records.

SOME useful notes on the above subject have been drawn up by the British Industrial "Safety First 1/ Association. It is out that the methods used in the compilation of first-aid and accident records are innumerable, and their diversit y tends to be confusing when comparison is attem pted. All accident rel.!ords should be instituted for a specifi c purpose, and should furnish definite information in to causation, frequency-the recurrence of partI cular types of accidEnts, and severity, or tim lost as the result of injury They should also state the place of occ urrence, and thus indicate the danger spots in the works. The frequency of a particular type of accident depends to a great extent upon the steps taken to remedy hazard disclosed by causation records. A low frequency 10 is invariably a sign that those responsible for 1D a works are well up to their dutieS. At the same tIme, accident frequency is affected by the class of labour employed. Accident severity is a somewhat baffling thing to account for. Time after timE workers come unscathed through an accident which, judged by all known pre-

THE annual general meetings of the St. John Ambulance Association and the Indian Red Ooss Society were held at Simla on June 19th, when Lord Reading presided. The Commander -in Chief, Lord Rawlinson, who presented the report of the Indian branch of the St. John Am blllance Association, said that it showed a r ecor d of good work, in which the progress made during the previous year had been maintain ed and in some respecl s upon There was infinite scope in India for an extension of the operations of the association, as outsid e the great cities and the main lines of th e railways the field was untouched. Eight hundred courses of instruction in first aid, borne nursing, home hygiene, and sanitation had been given to ov er J 6,000 persons, and of these 8,91 passed examinations and won certificates of efficiency. A course of first aid and home hygiene in the schools had been instituted in the United Province!', an fxample wbich he hoped would be followed in the other provinces . The report of the Red Cross Soci t ty was presented by Sir Frederick Whyte, who paid a glowing tribute to Sir Malcolm Hail ey , the outgoing chairman of the committe e of management, who had rendered invaluable services to the society in the critical years of transition from war to peace. There was ample scope for all the sister organisations, but in order to secure the full e st economy of effort an agreement with the other bodies should be reached H e drew special atte ntion to the work in the North-West Frontier, and referred to the work in Hyderabad cantonm e nt as p ractical proof of the results achieved. There, a large mortality used to occur among British babies, but child welfare work was started under Mrs. Godwin, and within one year the excessive mortality was completely wiped out. In conclus; on, Sir Frederick Whyte laid particular emphasis on the need for education. The Viceroy, in reviewing th e activities of the two associations, said that there could be no breath of controversy regarding their objects, and there was every reason to expect that they were now established on a permanent footing as a powerful beneficent agent in time of peace.

fetters to the &ditor.

We are in no way rest(J"sible tor 'ke opinions expressea, or the statements matk. b, Con espondents .-EDITOR.

AMBULANCE MAl S DIARY.

SIR,

I am writing these few lines to ask if you can do anything to fill what I call a long·felt want on the part or the ambulance men of this country. As an Officer I have 10 remember .se.veral dates during the year for important events, therefore It IS necessary for me to have a diary, and I must say, I }lave been. on the look out for a long time past for one to suit my requIrements, and the remarkable thing I find, is, that you can get all sorts of DIaries, even to a Boys Scouts. But so far I have been unable to get an Ambulance Man ' s Diary. So I thought I write to see what you could do on our behalf before the commg year, 1924. Hoping you will be able to help us, and am sure you will get the heartfelt thanks of many men in this country who are as keen as am for the Improvement of our humane cause.-I remain, yours sIncerely,

G. T. S.

[ We will see what we can arrange in the matter]. -ED.

A PASSWORD FOR THE S J A.B.

SIR,-

I j ust had the pleasure of a weeks' holiday, and dunng thIS short stay at one of our well-known sea-side towns I was greatly by the number of S .J .A. B. men I met. I. cOllld only recognise them as members of our worthy Brigade either by badges, medallions, or labels.

I may say I felt I would dearly have loved to converse Wi th some of .them, but not knowing what attitude they would adopt at my mterference I did not do so. May suggest ( If we haye not already got one ) that a pass word and sign be ours, then after we have greeted our comrades with such we would know by their return password and sign whether or no they were Willing to .converse. After all we do not always wear badges, rr.edalhons, or labels wherever we go -I remain, S ir, yours, etc ., SE RG T. J. W. Fo x , Newtown D iv ision, No 4 District.

FIRST AID IN SCHOOLS.

D EA R SIR,-

your article on First Aid in Elementary Schools

In your last Issue, I to inform you that we had a class at the school In our '.'lllage. I quite agree with the opInIOn expressed by the writer. That you will find pup ls more eager to learn at the age of leaving school than when they are about 18 years of age. - Yours, &c.,

W. H.

SIGNS

DEAR SIR,-

Below g.ive you two suggestions.

of jacqouet, or waterproof be carried (about r 5 ft. square ) in an.d used by placing cap on ground, and putting Jacoquet mSlde, and pourmg water in. E . T. BLI SS. No. 25 Division, Harringay

WHAT IS A:\1B U LANCE DUTY ?

DE.\R SIR,

I was in a squad on Surrey Hills on Bank Holiday and a h?rse tethered to yew tree and eating its foliage. FearIng pOlsontng to the anImal, I caused it to be taken away from the tree.

Should it be counted as ambulan c e duty or inte. ferin g with what does not concern us.

J. J.

[We should say it does not count as ambulance duty but you at least were rendering a good ser v ice. - E DITOR .]

PURCHASING A MOTOR A:v1.BULANCE.

D EAR SJR , -

In reply to Mr. J. Quinn, the Weymouth Town Counc i has purchased a Motor Ambulance which is worked in connection with Public Heath Committee and the Weymouth Division of S J.A B., such an arrangement is provided for under the Public Health Act, which authorises the Publ ic Health AuthOrIties to pur c hase and work, or hand over to be worked by, a recognised Ambulance Brigade. The motor ambulance, of course, remains the property of such an authority , who arrange for and collects all charges. - Yours, fa i thfully, H.G.W.D\\.

London Ambulance Service.

THE report of the M e trop o lItan A <. ylums Board (or 19 22 3 is a voluminous document dealing with a variety of topics, includi[)g in fectious diseases, tuh :: rculosis, mental defectives, and. epileptics, casual poor, and amtulance and transport servIces,

Considerable space is dtvoted to the am bulance arrangements in London, up o n which there was a good dtal of comment in the early part of the y e ar.

"The BOlrd," says the "has six ambulance stations situated in different parts of London, and a large repair at Fulham. It has at these stations 107 motor ambulances and omnibuses, apart from a number t f g( ods lorri e s and tractors. The primary function of the boaro s ambulance service is the removal of cases of infectious disease in the metropolis. The board also removes a consid e rable portion of the patients in its institutions for tuberculosis, sick and convalescent childreIl, and mental deficients. It undertakes, with its motor tr.!nsport service, the transport of goods from its central stores to its institutions."

September, 19 2 3. -FIRST

with the Metropulitan Police. After the M e tropolitan A mbulances Act was passed emp o wering the London C ounty Council to establish and malOtain an ambulance se rvice, the Council invit e d the Board to prepare a scheme of co-operation with them and other metropolitan authorile s for the establishment of a street ambulance accident se rvice. The schem e however, was not accepted, and the Co uncil in 1915 set up the Existing street ambulance ser vice.

"The present position is, therefore," says the report, that th e L.c.e. has pl o vided a free ambulance servic e to dea l with street accident cases, while the board has a se rvice which deals with infectious and other hospital re m o vals, and is thoroughly adequat e to deal with all dtma nds for removals of all kinds, other than street accld:: nts, e g., to or from private houses or dwtllings in L-m don. It of course, imp )ssible to set up any conditio ns which would guarantee in a town the size of London that there would never be the slightest d e lay o f any kind in rt mo ving a patient. As the statistics show. the boards' am bulance m e ets demands which at are grea t, a nd complaints as to dtllY have been remarkab y Illf req uent.

"Tht; functions of th e two services are very clearly defi ned, and while, of cour5e, th e board neVH refuses an urge nt Co il e ther within the County of London or from ove r the bOI der, it does not encroach upon the street arci dent serVice, nor is there any o ccasion (or the latter, as a rule to e nter the field covered by boara s servicE'. At the time the Board has always bet.n ready to wor k in cordial co-op er ation with the Council and any othfr authority maintaining or rEquiring ambulance It undertakes successfully the removal work of :ocal b o di e s in L o ndon, and also of authorities outside L"ln don, on satIsfactory terms, and h as arrangements whcrt b y its service IS available in case of emergencies for such places as Woolwich Arsenal. lI

The vast majority of house rtm o vals, the report adds, are t ffl!cted on medical advice, a nd steps rave been taken to acquaint every medical practitioner in London of the met hod by which the board's a mbulances, with or without nur s e s, may be promptly obtained at any hour of the day or night. In the case of police calls, in which difficulty has b e en oc casi o n F! d by the question of the fee, the Comof the Police has been info rmed that the board's am bulances are available for police calls at any time (or rem oval from hOUSE S in L ') ndon, and that the question of pay ment will be dealt with after th e removal.

India

WE have received the report of the Parsi Division of the Bo mbay Corps for the yen 1922, and it shows that the Di vis ion ha:;, in spite of various difficulties, been able to co ntinue with success its useful work.

AID. - 55

transport of the same to and from hospitals, nursing h::>mes, sanatoria, railway stati o m, and patients own dwelling s

The motor ambulance has travelled thousands of miles, and it affords so much comfort and facility to the patient, that the work of the Division in this section has grown enormously and it nf'cessitated another motor ambulince, which by the good effices of District Sup t rintEnd(;nt Capt. W. Numan, M.D , the D ivision has been presented with one by the Red Cross Society in India.

About 51 mem bers jQi:1ed the AuxiliaJ Y Force , India, and 11th Battallion, Bombay PIOneers (f.T F), while continuing their connection wito this Division, and it has addtd to their efficiency in drill and discipline.

The present strength O! the Division is roo members, and its financial position is in a healthy c o ndition.

J\mbulance j'{ews euttings.

T ile Editor inv iter 1 cader s to sC lld llew staper o ff m .es 011 ma tt ers oj ge n ered intere st foJr in clu sion ill {his columll

B RO K E X SP IN K

An inquest was held at Nunea t on on E s au Batbam, 53, who fractured hiS spme 10 a colliery accident on Dec ember 14th, 1908 Medical evidence was g ven that death was directly due to the a c cident, and tbe coroner returned a verdi c t accordmgly.-Daily E x jJress.

V AL C A U S E O F FR \CT VRE

After return ing flam a service at Durham Cathedral Mr H: Knight, the alto, dozed on a couch. After wak ing hIS nght leg was 10 cramp, and 10 an effort to stimulate the blood circulation he tapped his leg on the floor and caused a fracture.- D aily llIui l.

TE S T S F OR

Dr. Armstrong-Jones, who many years ago acted as deputy surgeon of Y Divis.ion of the Melropolitan Police, wntes on the subject of PolIce Tests for Drunkenness - so often in dispute. He maintains that tbe old-fashioned tests still The effects of. says the doctor, IOfluence the varIOus human faculties 10 the reverse order of their development and the faculty last acquired being the first to go. The old-fashioned tests of speech, writing and walking-for instance, along a straight line between the planks of a floor-still remain among the best tests of whether a person is "jolly " drunk, "stupid" drunk, or "dead " drunk indicating as they do the first stage of lessened self-control, second of impaired action and lessened sensibility, and the la.3t or the an <e sthetic stage. Every doctor and constable knows that a driver, even in the first stage, is absolutely untrustworthy in traffic. - Police Chroni cle

(

r) Sometimes when a Division carries out a special duty uses an Ambulance Station Sign Board the station may be In a room to whIch direction is needed. 'I suggest that a arro w, cut out of 3-rly 2 poles drilled ( painted he used. If the arrow IS reqUired to point in the opposite paper fastener, swerve the arrow over to OPP osHe Side, and IDsert fastener in the hole already made fo r It.

( 2) Should a member when proceeding to, or returning from du ty have a case to treat where it is desirable to use water, and calls for the use of a dressing, I suggest that a piece

Reference is made to the fact that as early as 1906 a Committee was set up by the Home Secretary to inqUire as to the provision made for dealing" with of accident and sudden illness occurring in streets and public places within the metropolis," and to report whether improvements in ambulance provision were necessary or desirable. Two of three members of that Committee reported that the most Efficient and economical system would be found in an extension of non-iniectious service of rapid ambulances Jnitiated by the Asylums Board, and that the service should be worked in close co-operation

During the year under report, activities of mem bers we re directed in various fields. Me m bers offered thtir ho norary services whenever requisitioned and responded to 58 6 calls in all during the year, irrespective of caste or cr e ed, and at all hours as far as possible; and it is gratifY ing to note that the services rendered to the pu blic wer e very much appreciated both by the public and the

The Transport Service of the Division is constantly 10 demand, and it is evident that most excellent and a dmirable work is being carried on, especially in the r endering of first aid to the sick and injured and in the

THE third report of the Joint Council of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England and the British Red Cross Society has been issued. It shows that there is a balance in rand of £22,187. The total administrative expenditure on departments other than stores is over £3,000 than the previous year, considerable saving havwg been effected in rental charges and staff. The stores administration expenses were under £2,000 less than in the previous year. OveI 20.000 cases were assisted during the year under the Emergency Help Fund, and 635 cases at the auxiliary hmpital for officers. A special sub-committee has been set up to consider what additional relief could be given to tuberculous officers and men. In the County of Glarnorgan 680 cases were carried in ambulances, and 483 in Monmouthshire.

AI D.- September,

Two Interesting Reports.

THE Report of the Chief Inspector of Factories (or th e year 1922, which has just been published as a Blue Book (Cmd. 1922, 5s.), is (ull of facts and figures of more than passing interest to all concerned in the prevention of accidents and the administration of First Aid treatment to the indmtrial worker.

It is stated that during the year 1922, there wer e 97,986 accidents (including 843 fatalities ), an increase of 5,421 over the previous year. This increase is no t attributable to any retrograde tendency in the direction of providing safeguards, but rather to the general betterment in trade conditions. It will be remembered that man y trades were adversely affected for a considerable peri od during the Miners' Strike in 192 I

It is interesting to note that only about one·third of the accidents recorded have been due to machinery which dispels a popular idea that rnnni'lg machinery is primari ly responsible for injuries to factory operatives.

The report emphasises the importance of Safety and First Aid measures, and gives some interesting statistics as to the salutory effect on injuries which receive prompt treatment in the First·Aid room. It also gives an account of the activities of the National Employers' Mutual General Insurance Association which include the exhibition of cinematograph films designed to emphasise the need of Safety measures by the workers themselves.

It is gratifying to read in the report that where Sal ety work, or what the Report refers to as Accident Prevention wo rk has been organised, there has been a falling-off in the number of accidents recorded.

Concurr en tly with the Factories Report, appears th e Report for 1922 of the Inspecting Officer of th e Ministry of Transport which con tams a statement of out· standing interest to all concerned in the prevention of accidents to workers. Colonel Pringle says that so far as accidents to railway companies' employees are concerned , 25'67 per cent. can be reduced by "the display of more thought on the part of the men themselves," and goes on to emphasise the desirability of education in personal carefulness.

The Chief Inspector points out that although there has b ee n a reduction in accidents to railway employees, the number is still lamentably high, and" many are due to neglect to observe instructions, or to failure to Fxercise reasonable care."

In his opinion, the attainment of a further reduction of avoidable personal accidents is largely in the hands of the workers themselves, and much can be done by workers by foresight and prudence in the avoidance of risks which may involve personal injuries.

This opinion would appear to be borne out in other directions for, at a recent meeting of the London "Safetv First" Council, it was stated that most of the street accidents in L'Jndon now occur in the suburbs where motor drivers are less careful, and the pedestrians less vigilant than at the more congested centres where traffic is controlled.

WHEN OORRESPONDING WITH ADVER · TISERS PLEASE MENTION

"FIRST AID."

September, 1923. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- 57

TlfE ST. JOlfN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Supplement.

Appointments, Etc.

A 1923.

The Chi <;; f Commissioner has sanctioned the following appointment s, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

PRI 'CE OF WALES'S DISTRICT.

No. IS \ [lford ) Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Elizabeth 1<.ob n,on to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 22.8.23

No. 43N ( Limehouse ) 1 ursing Dlvision.-.\faurice Marcus

M.B.13 S, to be Divisional Surgeon, 30.7.21

London Post Office Corps (Mo unt Pleasant Division ).Ambulance Officer \Villiam John Hughes to be Divisional S upt, 29 8.23

o. 7 [ ( l'ottenham) Division.-Ambulance Officer Harry Grelton Cottrell to be Divisional Supt., 298.23

Walthamstow and D istrict Corps.-Ambulance Officer

Capt. Frederick Thomas Taylor to be Corp, Officer, 137. 23

Lady Supt. Esther Cardo to be Lady Corp, Officer Staff·Sergt. Charles \Veavers to be Corp:; Sergt.. lajor, 13·7·23

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Portsmouth Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Vi olet

Readi ng to be L'3.dy Ambulance Officer, 8.8.23

Reading (G.W.R.) Division.-David Kennedy, M.D.,

D S., M.R.C.S, L.R.C .P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 16.8.23

William Richard Barnes to be Ambulance Officer, 15.8.23

Swindon Division.- Joseph Stamper to be Divisional Supt., 20 .8. 23

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Brierley Hill Division.-Divisional Supt. S. Hancox resign ed, 3I.7.23

North Leicestershire Corps ( Ashby-de-Ia·Zouch Division ).

-Fr ederick William Shegog, B.A., M. B., B.Ch., B.A.C., to be Divisional Surgeon, 31.8.21

Pte. Richard Heath to be Ambulance Officer, 31.8.23

Warwickshire Corps (G riff Colliery Division).-Reserve

Supt. A. J. Randle transferred from Brigade Reserve to Active List supernumerary to establishment, 21.8.23

Well ingborough Corps (V ictoria Nursing Division).-

Fra nces Mildred Pickering to be Nursing Officer, 2.8.23

Lady Ambulance Officer Minnie Campbell to be Lady Divi sional Supt., 2.8.23.

Ambulance Sister Annie M. Rowlatt to be Lady Ambulanc e Officer, 2.8.23

No 4 DISTRICT.

Bolton Corps (W esthougton Division). - Ambulance Offic er J. W. Lowe transferred to Headquarters Division with effect (rom 9 .8 .23

Herbert Edwin Godfrey to be Ambulance Officer, 27.8.23

Cheadle Heath Railway Division -Divisional Surgeon G.

Fiddia n resigned, 5.9 23

Craws hawbooth Dlvision.-George Ogilvie, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 238.23

Crewe Nursing Divis ion -l\label Isabel Turner, M.B, Ch. B., to be Lady Divisional Supt., 9.8.23

;\Iacclesfield Nursing Division. -Emily E. Laird to be Nursing Officer, 8823

Ramsbottom Nursing Division.-Lady Divis io nal Supt. Mrs. Jones resigned, 31.8.23

Oldham Corps (C entral D ivision).-Wllliam Williams to Divisional Supt., 23.8.23

Oldham Corps (C entral Nursing Division ). -Alice Lawton to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 1.8 23

Oldham Corps (Failsw orth Nursing Division ).-:'Iary Alice Mc\Iahon to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 238.23

Tyldesley Division.-Divis ional Surgeons Dr. Ryan and Dr. Johnson resil:!"ned, 28.8.23

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Denaby Main Corps (A skern Nurs ing Division).-Lady Supt. Mrs. Henshaw transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 20.7. 2 3

Dewsbury and District Corps ( Batley Nursing Division ). -Lady Ambulance Officer F. Crewe to be Divisional Supt., 13. 8 2 3

Dewsbury and District Corps ( Ossett NurSIng DIVISion ) -Constance Muriel Hill to be Lady D ivisional Supt., Ij 8 .23 Hilda Maria Logan to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 13. 8 2 3

Hanley and District Corps (Ha nley NurSIng Dlvlslon ).Agnes Goo dwin to be Lady Ambulance Officer, Hebden Bridge Corps (H ebden Bridge Nursmg DIV1sion).-Gladys Blodwio West to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 18.5. 2 3

Longton and District Corp:; ( Fenton Division ).-Corpl. John Thomas Edwards to be Ambulance Officer, 1.8.23 Longton and District Corps (01 eir and Longton Division).-\Valter Albert Hammersley to be Ambulance Officer, 1.8.23

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Hull Corps.-John Prebble Tichias to be Ambulance O fficer for Cadet purposes, 30.6 23 West Hartlepool Division.-vVill iam Anderson, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 11.8.23

NO.7 DI STR[CT.

Shrewsbury Corps (Ha nwood Nursing Division ).-Lad y Mary Charlotte Headlam to be Lady Div is ional Supt., 7.8.23

NO.8. DISTRICT.

Brighton and Hove Corps (Brighton Nursing Division ).Lady Ambulance Officer 1. \Vorton resigned, 21.8.3

Canterbury Nursing Division . - Lady Ambulance Officer France.> Katherine Crosse to be Lady Divisional Supt., 20.8.23

Isle of Thanet Corps (Ramsgate Nursing Division ).William John Dnnlop, F.R.C.S.E., to be Divisional Surgeon, 20.8.23

- FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. - Septt mber, 1923

I sl e of T h a net Corps ( Rams g ate Town Division ).-Basil Henry Palmer, M.A M B B.C , M.R C .S L.RC P , to be D iv is ional Surgeon, 208 .23

No. 9 DISTRIC T

Friary Div is ion.-George Ir win l\Iann to be Ambulance Officer, 13 8. 2 3

N o J DISTRIC T

Deal and Walmer Division. - Frank Mainwaring Hughes, M.D M .RC.S ., L.R.C.P ., to be Division a l Surgeon a nd

SuPt. ,3 I. 7 2 3

W illiam Edward Gage to be Ambulan ce Offi c er, 3 1. 7.23

Dover Division. - Thomas Cobbe, M.B , B.Ch , F R.C.S., to be D ivisional Su rg eon, 21. 8. 2 3

No. 12 DI STR ICT.

C ity of Dubl n Div is ion - Ser g t. Will iam Henry Ebbs to be Ambul a nce Offi c er for Cadet p u rposes, 1. 8 .2 3

NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

D iv isions san c tioned, disbanded and re-named :-

P RIN CE OF \V ALE S'S DI STR I CT.

No. 55 ( West M iddlesex ) D iv ision.-Re-n a med No. 55 ( Southall ) D ivi s ion, 2 1. 8. 23

N O.4 D ISTR ICT

Ford M otor D i"i s on.- Disbanded, 14 8. 23

D EATHS.

Ass i stant Comm i ss ioner Dr. R. Anderson, No. 6 D istri c t 6 .8. 23

JAMES R. A. CL ARK (Colonel ), Chief Commissioner.

First Aid to the Injured.

A COURSE of instruction fJr women will be held at St. J obn's Gate, St. John's Square, Clerkenwell, London, E.c. 1., F a rringdon Strt:!et Station, on Wednesday Evening s at 6 , 30, beginning on October 3rd, 1923

H ono rar y L ectu r er : Lieut. - Col. F. A. Brooks, M D ( Assis ta nt Commissioner, NC'. 1 District, St. John Ambulance Brigade.

The Course will consist of six lEctures, and will be followed by an e nmination for the certitcate and other first aid awards of the St. John Ambulance Association. Candidates for First Aid Certific a tes must attend a t least fi ve lectures. F e e for the Course, 4S.

The authorised Tt xt book " Fint Aid to the Injured, " price I!;. 6d., can be obtained from the Class Secretary on the evening of the opening le cture.

Application for membership shouid be made at once to the Cbief Secretary, St. John's Gate, E. C. I, and should be accompanied by t he fee.

Messrf W. & G. Foyle, Ltd 121 - 1:23, Charing Crossroad, W.C.2, have just issued a new catalogue of medicine and surgery bookf.

The Maidstone Divillion rendered prompt and dficient service on the occasion of the aeroplan e at East Malling on August 27th, Transport Officer Dunk and a squad of men being in attendance with a motor ambulance.

The Editor in v ites Notes (m actual Cases-with sfJ eciat r ef erenc e (() g ood and bad iJoints in 7 reatment-for inclusion in this Co umn.

E TH ICS OF F IRST - A ID.

A practical d iffi c ult y which sometimes occurs is how we, when on public duty, should deal with the man who dire c tly or indirectly pretends to be a medical man. A personal experience, therefore, may be interesting.

Some years ago I was on ambulan c e dllty fo r the funeral of a well-known public man and had allotted to me as a ttendant a big and burly police -offi c er, who carried out h is duties mo s t faithfully and most effic iently. Wh ilst on patrol, I came a c ross a man in a sta t e of profoun d c oll a pse ; and, de c id n g to h a ve him removed forthwith to hospital, I ask my as sis tant to g o a n d call the ambul a n c e I m m ed iately aft er h is departure, a welldressed man of g entlemanly appear anc e came up, knelt be s ide patient, and co m menced e xa minin g h i m by feelin g his pu ls e , comment ng the wh ile on the fac t th a t patient was ve r y il l. Being of th is op n on also, I wa s rel ieved to find a med ic al man; a nd with some he si tation I asked the new c omer if he was su c h He hedged so marke d ly in h s repl e s th a t I b e ca me susp icious, and at last ins is ted on a de fi n ite an s we r to my quest ion. When, at la st, he den ied the fac t, I bluntly told him

The poli c e-offi cer arr ived towards the end of our c onv ersation and overheard my final and perempt o ry co mman d Befo re any t hing could happen, h o wever , the o ffic er ac te d He sei zed the meddleso m e ind ivi dual by s r. ruff of ne c k a nd seat of trousers, and hurled h im ba c k into the c rowd, with the s incere and well - merited reb u ke "G et o ut, you saucy bl ig hte r -F. H , Gospel Oak.

Ambulance Inspection.

T H E annual inspection of t h e K e ighley Corps of St. John Ambulance B r igade to o k place h.st month in a field in West-lane, by kind ofW A. Brigg, E sq, J.P. U. · CoJ. Wm. Scatterty, M A , M D , Knight o f Grace of the Order and Assistant Commissioner for the N o rthern area, in spe cted the cfficers and oth e r ranks of the foll o wing divisions, viz :-Keighle y "A " and "B, " Haworth, Ox e nhope, Bingley and Skipton, in charg e of Major Wm. Roper, Corps Supt., and the nursing divisions of K e ighley, Haworth, Oxenhope and Bingley, in charge of Mrs Scatterty, L1dy Corps Supt. Company drill was carried out under Maj o r R o p e r ; " Hand-Seat " drill by the rE s pective divisional supts , and Sergt Smith (Keighley "B" Division ) instructed the nursing sisters in elementary drill. The stretcher drill and collection of wounded was carried out under the direction of Corps Officer E. Ratcliffe, D.C M , and the first aid dressing applied by the bearers were remov e d by the nursing sisters who applied hospital dressings.

At the close of the inspection, Lt.-Col. Scatterty addressed the divisions upon the insp e ction, and reminded them that each mem ber was part of a very ancient and useful order, and that it was for them to uphold the honour and dignity of the organisation which played such an important part in the country. The corps then marchEd to the headquarters in Spi:ncer ·s treet where e a was served by mem bers of the nursing Eections through the kindness of the Keighley divisions.

PRIORY FOR WALES.

Brigade News.

APPOINTMENTS, A U G U ST, 192 3.

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Ambulance Committee :-

CARM AR T HEN SHI RE

Llanelly Nursing D i vis ion.-Dr. J. MacIver Mackintosh' ?l 1.B.Ch.B., D P. H., to be D ivisional Surgeon, 12 ?- 23. Ponthenry Divis ion.-Ambulance Officer DaV Id Walters to be Divisional Supt, 22.8. 23.

G LAl\IORG AN SH IR E CEN TR E. Pontypridd Corps.-Div. Supt. William Evans to be Corps !) upt., 23 8.2 3

Ffaldau Institute and Garw Division.-Dr V ernon Arthur Newton, lI I.R.C.S. ( Eng. ), L. R. C.P. ( London ), to be Div is ional Surgeon, 28.8 .23.

MON:lIOU THSH IR E C E NT R E. Oakdale (Bl ackwood ) Division. - Dr. Denn is Jose p h Buckley, M. B., B. C h , B.A.O , to be Di v isional Surgeon, 10. 8. 23

B O R O UG H OF R H ON D DA CENT RE

Tydraw Division -Pr ivate Da vid Jones to be Division a l Supt., 30.8.23

A :8E RD A R E CEN T RE.

Cwmaman Division.-Dr. Chr istian Balfour Fotheringham

M illar, M. B., C.M.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 28. 8.2 3

Penrh iwce iber Division.-Dr. Robert Ross, M.B , Ch.B , to be D ivi sional Surgeon ( Probationary )

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Commissioner for Wales :-

Pontypridd Sub- D istrict. - Corps Supt. Thomas Ajax Lewis to be Staff Officer, 247.23. }10

Abertillery Division.-Private Alfred Owen G ibbs to be Div is ional Secretary, 7.8 23.

Cardiff City Division.-Private George W. Miller to be

C orporal and Treasurer, 14.8 23

A nE R DAR E CENTRE.

Aberdare Division.-Private Jacob John Evans to be

D ivi sional Secretary, 15 8.23

Abercynon Division. -- Corporal Walter Jackson to be

A mbulance Officer, 15 .8. 23; Sergeant \V Illiam Griffiths to be

Ambulance Officer and Treasurer, 15.8.23; Corporal Henry Evans to be Sergeant, 15 8 23 ; Private Charles William

G re g ory to be Sergeant, 15. 8.23; Private John Emlyn Rees to be Corporal, 15. 8. 2 3 ; Private Ebene zer Howe to be Corporal

an d Secretary, 15 8.23; Private Henry Thomas to be Corporal,

1 .8.2 3 ; P rivate Percy Sm ith to be Corporal, 15 .8 .23.

Cwmaman Division.- Corporal Dan iel Jenk ins to be

A mbulance Offi cer, 21. 8 23 ; Corporal David Johathan to be

S er g eant, 22.8.23; Pr ivate John Evans to be Corporal 22. 8. 23 ;

Pr vate Jeremiah Jones Hu g hes to be Corporal, 22. 8.23;

P rivate D a vid Roger Will iams to be D iv isional Secretary, 28 8. 23·

Du ffryn A mman Div ision -Sergeant Emrys Jones to be Am b ulan ce Officer, 4 8.23; Corporal Jonathan Jefferies to be Ser g eant, 4 8. 23

NEW DI\'lSIO N

D ivis ion s sa nctio n ed duri n g t h e mo n th of A ug us t :CI·. NTR1

Kidw elly D ivi si on , 7.823.

GLY\ ORG \N SHI R E C ENTRE Lou g hor Div is ion , 2 5.8. 23.

S kewe n D ivisio n, 2+ 8.23

A )E RD \RE C ENTRE.

Penrhiw ce ib er D Ivisio n, 20.8 .23. Mounta in A s h N ur s i ng D ivisi vn , 7 8 23

General Interest.

A l\lBlJ LA NC E D EPARTM EN T

E xa mim.tion in Fi rst Aid, Home Nursi ng, a nd Ho me Hygiene, hav e be e n c o nducted at the foll OWin g p la ce s :Tlrydail, G. W. R, Marin e Co llie ry, Amm an for d, G W R. , P o ntypool Jun ior, C wn C o lli e ry (J unior ) , Card iff P oli c e, Trimsaran Colliery, and Cwm C oll ie r y Nu rs ing . "PRIO R Y D AY."

Spl e ndid c: Pri o ry Day " efforts have b ee n m ade in seve ral d istricts for the purpose of obtaining funds for th e Pri or y Headq uart e rs. Th e fhg da y h e ld at Pontypo o l a nd Abersychan on August .8 t h was a great succ ess . Th e amount r e alised was £ 32 13s gd. , and Co rp s S ec re t a ry

G. H. Nelms and D ivisional Supt. G. F Tuckwell des erv e to be congratulated on the txc e llen t a rrangem e nts mad e.

The Tonyrefail and C o e d ely Division he ld a fl ag d ay on August 7th. The arrangements were conducte d by Ambulance Officer A. Davies, and a sum of £8 I ZS 4 d wa s collected.

The Priory has also r e ce ived £3 lOS 4d. from Corps Sec. G. H. Nelms, r:i ised by a flag day held at U sk on August 25th.

THE RO YAL NATIONAL EI STEDD FOD OF VAL E S , M OL D, F L IN TS HIR E.

Owing to the e x cellent at rangements made by th e Municipal Authorities for the control of the traffic at Mold , which was the mecca of thousands o f W e lshmen during the period of the R o yal National E isteddfod, very few accidents occurr e d in the streets. Three ambulance stations had been set up, but fortunately few patients required treatment. In the Eist e ddfod grounds , however, there wa plenty of work for the first -aider, and about fifty cases, consisting mostly of partial colla p 3e and fainting, were treated . Those of a mora s::ri ous nature included a dislocated elbow, R strained ankle joint, and severe cuts. Ooly in O'le instance W iS medical assistance n ecessary, and the motor am bulance car stationed on the grounds by the Priory was not rEquir e d. Everyone was interested in and satisfied with the whol e of a mbulance arrangements, and Dr. N at han Raw, C.M.G M.D , F R.C.S., M.P., wh o act e d as r e feree in th e competitions, express e d his feelings in the following letter :-

"I was very greatly impr essed with th e quality of the work di s played by th e ambUlance teams, both male and fe mal e at the E isteddfo d at Mold this year. It show e d a very c o nsid e rable amount of close study and practice on

September, 1923 -FIRST

behalf of th e teams, and very car e ful instruction on behalf of the teach e rs.

This am bulanc e and first-aid work is of immense service and be nefit to the industrial community in Wales, and in addition to saving many lives, it, by rendering very effi ci e nt first -aid, preventf. many injuries becoming permane nt. The ambulance service in Wales is a model of effi ci e ncy, and th e organisat i on creates confidence in the work e rs ."

S T J O H N S PA TR EATMENT E STA B LI S H M ENT.

To pl ace th e ben e fits of the Llandr indod W e lls Spa

T rea tm e nt Es tab l ishm e nt within easier access of those who req u i re tr eatm e nt, an exc e llent sch e me has been evolved. It is propo s e d t o is su e subscri b=r' s tickets t o all large employers of lab our in Wal e s. On produ ct ion of one of t ic k e ts, t h e valu e of which is one guinea, an employee 111 iy v sit Lla nd ri ndod W e lls on payment of a

AI D.-

Llandrindod during August and stayed at the Spa. H e was highly satisfied with the treatment, accommodation, and everyone concerned with the establishmt::nt.

MEDlC AL CO MFORTS DE POTS

Great enthusiasm is still displayed in the setting up of Medical Comforts Depots. This branch of the Priory s work appeals directly to the general public for its truly humane object-the relief of suffering in the homes of the poor. Week by week e nquiries are received for their establishment, and the number is rapidly

It is anticipated that a depDt will shortly be opened at Southerndown, where Miss Dulcie Booker of Bridg e nd, is kindly giving her assistance. At Sennybridge, Breconshire, there is also a desire to up a d e pot. Dr. Powell is very interested and it is hoped the help of the local Nursing Association will be available.

-0111 l'tJw, sitting :- ( Left to r ig ht ) The Hon. Mrs. Benry Gladstone ( Lady P r esident, FJintshire Ce nt re, P riory for Wal es), Dr Nathan Raw , C.M. G F.R.C.S M.P. ( Medical Referee ), The Lady Mostyn O.B.E, (M ember of Almonry Committee, Priory for Wales )

Second row , standing : -( Left to r ight ) Dr. R. D Thomas, Wel s hpool (acted as Judge ), S ir Herbert D.W Lew is, KB. E , Pr in ci pal Secretary & Comm iss ioner for Wales, .Priory for Wale s ( Director of Ambulance )

O r. Owen Mo rr is, F.R.C.S., Newtown (ac ted as Judl{e ), Dr. S. GlanVIlle Morns, Mardy (acted as Jud g e ), Dr Lew is Lloyd, Tow y n (acted as Judge ), Mr. R Yarnell Davies, O B E., Chief Constable of Fl intsh ire ( Vic e· Chairman, Eisteddfod Ambulance Com mi tte ), The Right Hon. Lord Mostyn ( President, Fl intshire Centre, Pr iory for Wales ), Capta in Taliesin E. R ic hards ( Priory for Wales Headquarters Staff)

S'lalldt'ng beltind:- Mr. William Buckley, O B E., J.P., Mold ( Cha irman, Eisteddfod Ambulance Committee )

f urth e r sum of two guineas, which is a reduction of ten sh illings on the usual inclusive fee on three and a half gu ineas for full board and medical treatment. This gives e mployers a splendid opportunity of assisting members of th e ir staffs and oth e rs, and it is thought that no one, when ap prOlched, will refuse to co· op e rate in this laudable scheme for the r e lief of suffering.

The inst itution is becoming very popular, and the many patients and visitors this season have greatly apprec iated their stay. It is interesting to note that S u bC ommissioner V:muel Jones, J. P., of Aberavon vi sited

MOTOR AM BUL ANCB: T R ANSP O RT SE RV ICE

The Motor Ambulance Transport Service continues to enli s t s u pporters in the S outh Wales coalfiel d The Home Office agreed, when the Priory's transport scheme was inaugurated in 1918, that "any colliery company entering into a contract with the Priory for this service will be deemed as complying with the regulations of the Coal Mines Act, " and colliery companies are continuing to take advantage of this concession.

Subjec t to a sufficient guarantee ot support, a car wi ll be s t a tione d at Gorseinon. Several colliery companies

and workmen's lodges have expressed a desire for this to be done, and provisional contracts have been made. The benefits of the service are also available to factory and works employees, and the Aberthaw and R hoose Cement Works lodges have recently agreed to subscribe.

A necessary qualification of the ambulance drIvers employed by the Pricry is a thorough knowledge. of first aid, and this practice is a great boon to the publIc, from whom grateful expressions of appreciation are frequently received. In connection with a journey taken by the Cross Keys ambulance car, a patient afterwards wrote a letter stating that the prompt and efficient action of the driver, in setting the bones of his If'g, which were badly fractured, had prevented his injuries from b e coming very serious. And similar instances constantly occur.

Centre Reports.

GL AIIIO RGANSHIRE CENTRE

EXCellent public duty was performed by members of the Maritime and Penrhiw, Great WesttIn and Cwm Divisions on the occasion of the unveiling of the memorial to the 5th Welsh Regiment on August 6th, by FieldMarshall Viscount Allenby, G.e.B., G e.M B., at Pontypridd. As it WaS a blnk holiday, large numbers of peop le visited the town, and the WJ.Y in which the carried out their work under Staff Officer W. Goddard, assisted by Supt. W. Evans, and Ambulance Officers R. Hewer and e. Floyd, was praiseworthy. The heat was intense and between forty and fifty cases were treated during the ceremony.

1 he Maritime team, which came third in the competition (or the "Lady Lewis" challenge shield at Mold, has elitered for several competitions this year with good results.

CARMARTHENSHIRE CENTRE.

In the Ambu!ance held in connection with tbe Fourth Annual Carnival held at Maesdewi Grounds, Llandebie, on August Iltb, the Tybie No. 2 Division was successful.

BOROUGH OF RHONDDA CENTRE.

The latest success of the Maerdy nursing team in winning the "Lady Bute" challenge cup at Mold, has established its reputation for mar ked efficiency.

The first success was scored in 1922 in the annual competition for the "Miskin which is recognised as the blue rIband of nursmg trophies in the Rhondda Centre. On April 21St of this year, a preliminary nursing competition was held in Cardiff to select a telm to represent the Priory in the competition for the "Lady Perrott" shield. This honour was secured by the Mardy nursing team, and although they failed to bring home the shield to Wales, they came fourth in order of merit, a very satisfactory result.

The mem bers of this successful team are Ambulance Sisters Margaret Lewis, G. Morgan and M. M. Jones with Miss Eva Morris as officer-in· charge. It is interesting to note that Miss Morris, who was appointed lady superin· tendent of the Maerdy nursing division in September, 1919, is a daughttr of Dr. S. Glanville Morris, one of the senior examiners of the Priory, and a popular judge in ambulance competitions.

AID.- September, 1923.

CITY OF CARDIFF CENTRE.

Members of the Cardiff City Division went into camp during the month of August. The field was kindly lent by the National Union of Railwaymen, and the arrangemt::nts were made by Div. Supt. J. 1. Pepperell, assisted by Sergt. H. Evans.

News in Brief.

A SUGGESTION has been made that first-aid informatiun and Itccures might bE; broadcasted from the Card iff Broadcasting Station, and arrangements are belOg made to see what can be done in this direction

The Priory has been requested to arrange for ambula(1ce members to be in attendance at the Vale of Glamorgan Agricultural Show, to be held at Cow bridge on Septem ber 19th.

The Royal National Eisteddfod Wales, Mold. Flintshire.

AIIIBULA CE CO:\lPE'1 ITIONS.

of

EACH year the Priory for Wales arranges for their Welsh National Cups, and they are generally held at the Welsh National gathering, where thousands of people from all parts of Wales assemble to take part, The cups were presented this yt'ar to the winning teams by Lady Mostyn, e.B.E, of Mostyn Hall, and Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O B E., M A., J.P.

Dr. Nathan Raw, e.:V.r.G., M.D, F.R.e.S, M P ., acted as medical referee in connection with the ambulance competitions, assisted by the following judges :-

Dr. S . Glanville Morri!>, Mardy.

Dr. R. D. Thomas, Welsh pool.

Dr. Owen Morris, Newtown.

Dr. E. Davies Rees, Caersws, and Dr. Lewis Lloyd, of Towyn.

Open Competition for the "Lady Lewis Challenge Cup" of the Order of the Hospital of St. J of Jerusalem (Priory for Wales) open to teams of In Wales and Monmouthshire, the members of which must hold a " First Aid" Certificate of a recognised soc ie ty.

s .1farks Tolal PoszHon. lVame. Practical. Oral. Afarks.

Pontypool North Division 82

2 Treharris Division 7 6 74 15 0

3 Maritime and Penrhiw

Division (Pontypridd) 7 2 64 13 6

4 Abersychan Division 66} 68t 135

5 Cwmtwrch SO 7 0 120

6 Westminster Colliery 37 7 6 1

Open Competition for the "Lady Bute Challenge Cup" of the Order of the Hospital of Jerusalem (Priory for Wales) open to teams of ladies in Wales and Monmouthshire the members of which must hold "First Aid" and " Ho'me Nursing" Certificates of a recognised society.

September, 1 9 2 3 ______________________

Oral Oral

F __ I _R__S_T____A__I_D__ _______________________________6_3

[)osilioJl. iVa III e. Prar/z'cal. 1-"':rst .I-fome Tota! Aid. Nursz'nE;. Mardy Nursing Div. 91 100 100 291 Welshpool Nursing Div. 57 40 7c 163

3 Ynyshtr Nursing Div. 43 68 49 160

Local Competition for the Mrs. K. L. Buckley Cup" for o.f men resident Flintsh.ire, Denbigh· shire Carnarvonshlre, Anglesey, MerIonethshlTe and Montholding a "First Aid" Certificate of a recognised society.

/'llsil/(I/I. Name. P1'Ilc,ical. Oral. To la lJ fa rA's L1andudno Division 58 67 12 5

2 Brynmally Colliery 47

3 Westminster B Colliery 51 54 aS

4 " A I' 34 9 0 §-

Local Competition for teams of ladies resident in Flintshirf' Denbighshire, Carnarvonshire, Anglesf'y, and Montgomeryshire, holding "First Aid" and H Home Nursing Il Certificates of a recognised society.

Oral Oral

PositioJl. iVamc. PUlclieal. First Home Tolal Aid. lVursing.l1fa?-ks

Welshpool NUl'3ing Div 72 76 20

Welfare Work .

WE have had several inquiries recently with regard to ambulance mel') and women taking TIp appointments as Welfare Workers, and we should like to p o int that this occupatio n requir es a great deal of train;ng. The Welfare Workers Institute has always laid stress on thiS point, as ) '1ly thus will a high standard of work and conduct be maintai neu. It is very encouraging to know that employers are taking the sau.e view and require both training and o.:per ience in those who have recently applied for positions in their factories. Toe demand shows signs of exhausting the supply in the near and we can now with connricn c e recommend those who feels drawn towards the prof-:ss ion to qualify themselves for it.

The In,tltute has laid it down in its consitution that inten ding members must hold the diploma or c<.rtificate of one of the training courses approved by the Institute, unless they posse3s other special qualifications, which in the opinio n of the Executive Committee justify an exception tieing made. These courses normally occupy two years, and students are usually not admitttd until they have attai ned the age of 21 years Graduates in economics or kind red su bj are usually allowed to take the course in one year, provided spend a whol e long vacatiun in practi cal work. Special arrangements are also made for fore igners who have qualifier! in their own country and wish to understand English methods of work. Those intending to take up Welfare work are recommended to obta in experience by working as an ordinary employee in a factory, if this is practicable.

The subjects required differ slightly with the different universities, but the mcin lines of training are similar and follow the recommendations laid down by the Joint University Council for Social Studies in its "Report on U niversity Training for Welfare Work.'1 The theoretical courses include economics, industrial history, local govern· ment, sanitation and psychology, modern social developments, industrial organisation; and in addition for

welfare students there is usually tutorial work in the special problems to be dealt with in practi:al life and The 1 ractical work is of a general nature dunng the first year, consisting of. visits to work, . club work, visiting, &c., 10 connEctIon With recognised cbantable and social In the second .year Welfare students specialise in their own branch of SOCial work and as much time as possible in a factory under an fxperlenced welfare worker. Practical training can be obtain d through the valued co·cperation of employers and many mem bers and associates of the Welfare Workers Institute. Th':! importance of this training for the. very. difficu!t of welfare workers is becf)ming exceedmglymcreasJOglyevldent, and it is probable that in th.e near fut ure will find it almost impossible to obtam posts It.

The Institute has approved the tramlng courses provided by the follo9iing Universities: Birmingham, Bristol, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, London (Bedford College and the School of Economic'», Co llege of Technology, Manchester, and the long course at St. Andrew's University, Dundee.

Students who wished to be trained ror Welfare work may find it difficult to select the wbich will suit their p uticular needs, and the followlOg notes may be of service :-

The London School of Economics gives very special attention to Welfare students, there being a full-time tutor, who is a member of the Institute, especially appointed for this wcrk.

B-:dford College, London, provides its own lectures, but welfare students attend the special classes and undertake practical work under the direction of t he School of Economics.

Birmingham has a fairly long experience of this type of wurk, with sptcial opport.unities for the study at hand of the growth of modern lIidustry from the domestic workshop to the most advanced types of organisation in the country.

provides a useful course with a part-tIme tutor on Welfare Work who is a member of the Institute. Edinburph affords ample opportunities for the first·hand study of the government and social activities of a great city.

Glasgow prOVides a diploma th.e lectures for which are all given In the evening. It IS sp=ciaUy intended for social workers .who are in work and who wish to become more hIghly qualified.

The Andrew's University, Dundee, has for the time being dropped its full-time diploma course. is Experimenting with evening courses of lectures SimIlar to those provid ed by Liverpool prOVides a good all·round, t.ra ID lng, and the city has an admirable system of the various municipal bodies and local charItable societies. A course of lecturEs by welfare workers is given during the session.

Leeds appeals especially to those who wish to take an intensive training in the economic training of the various important industri e s of the country, engineering, textiles, erc.

The College of Technology, Manchester, affords opportunities for such students who wish to work in the cotton trade to see varioue types of Welfare work in local Either Leeds or Manchester should be chosen by students who wish to take up work in textile factories.

When c o rresponding with Advertisers please mention .. Firs t Ald."

and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

-2ueries flJill be dealt flJit/: under the jollDflJing rules -

r .-Letters containinr, Queries must be marked on Ike lop left kana corner oj the enfJe/ope and addressed-FIRsT AID, 1-6, Cannon-street, Lontkn, E. C 4.

2. -A II Queries must be accompanied a " Coupon" cut /1'011 tke current issue oj tke Journal, or in case oj Queries from abroQ( from a recent issue.

:?-The Textbook,lo wkich. rejerence be made in (kese columnJ is the 36th (I920) Edition oj S.I.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

FRACT URE OF SHO ULDER.

D. J. ( Penrhos ) - In a recent competition I was asked to treat a patient for supposed "double fracture of shoulder. " I was all at sea, because the shoulder is made up of three bones. So please tell me what was meant ?

Alas ! I cannot; and in your place I should have asked examiner-as was your duty-for full s ig ns and symptoms whereby I might have located precise character of injury.N. CO RBET FLETCHER.

BULLET WOUND IN LEG.

L. G. (N orwood ).-Kindly tell me the correct treatment for patient suffering from bullet wound in leg-with bullet impacted in tibia and venous blood escaping freely from wound.

What is your difficulty? If you turn to p 101 of your Textbook you will find the answer to your query. The presence of a bullet-which is not (( of character to do further damage if pressed upon" (R ule 10, p. 85) does not specifically contraindicate pressure, though th s step in treatment must be carried out with" discrimination " lest tibia be also fractured, while the impaction of bullet in t ibia forbids attempts to "search for foreign bodies you cannot see " ( Rule 7, p. 84).-N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF FRACTURE.

W. H. (Sa lford ).-In the stretcher part of a recent competition a man was supposed to be crossing a busy road when he seized wit! an Epileptic fit, fell to ground and sustained a fracture of patella.

Although the Textbook ( Rule I, p. 48) instructs us to "attend to fra ctur e on spot no matter how crowded the thoroughfare, &c., &c." ten points were allowed for removing patient to footpath before securing with splints and bandages, but no marks were available for diverting traffic and treating patient in roadway.

Similarly in another competition individual bearers had to treat a man who, crossing a busy thoroughfare, was knocked down by motor and found to have fractured his kneecap. Here, again, 20 per cent. of marks earned were deducted if fracture was splinted in middle of traffic 1

As both these tests raise practical points in treatment of fractures, please give your decision as to correct procenure. Would you consider it correct to tie leg to leg, carry patient to footpath, remove bandages, and there afford treatment in the usual manner? Also, would the same course be adopted if the femur or leg bones were fractured ?

Al D. - September, 1923

Both tests cle uly aim at proving ability to apply General Rules of Fractures ( Textbook, p. 48), nnder "Surroundings" whi c h are modified by "possible sources of danger" ( p 20). Of course fractures should always be treated, when and where possible, on the spo(; but the Textbook allows for temporary treatment during removal in exceptional circu1nstancl!s where further danger exists, since the end of Rule I, p. 48 reads -" by splints or other means of restratnt. " Further, this applies to all fractures whether of the upper or lower limb.

1n the handling of both tests, therefore, an attempt should be made to· treat patients" on the spot" ; and if your statement of facts is correct, you rightly draw attention to a flaw in the stretcher test marking sheet, which should have allowed po in ts for attempts to divert or control traffic, whereby orthodox treatment could be quickly and effi ci ently carri ed out" on the spot. " As for the individual test quoted-if, as [ suspect, this was set in the Inter-Railway Final of thi s year (as published in May issue of FIRST AID, p. 217), then you have mis-read the card of instructions which clearly sets out that "a policeman has controller! traffic, and insists on your removing patient from where he lies at once. " In this instance the Judge himself excluded further damage to patient from the traffi c and teaches the very practical lesson that the police officer, and not the ambulance man, is in supreme charge of all street emergencies 1

I n short, with both cases quoted it was possible before moving pat ients to render fractured limbs "as immovable as practicable by (temporary ) means of restraint" ( Textbook, p. 20 ) , on which reliance is placed only until the fractures can be controlled with splints and bandages in the usual way.- 1.C.F.

1923 . FIRST

of Shock. On the contrary, patient should be treated as laid dow n in Textbook ( p. I43).-N.C.F.

E\.po L I'E 01' SIMI'U: FRACTURES.

H. C. (K entish Town ).- The other day I saw a street accident in which a young man was knocked down and sustained a palpable simple fracture of the leg immediately abo')e boot. The L.e.e. ambulance was summoned; and I was surprised to note that the first thing the ambulanceattendant did was to cut the boot down the back seam and remove It. This took three or four out of the ten minutes required for removing patent from scene of accident. Please tell me if the attendant was right in his action.

No: I neieed you prove that he was wrong, since-as your report shows- he might have cleared the in six or seven rr.inut es, If he had not wasted time in cutting oft boot. No adva ntage of any kind accrued to patient through removal of boot, which act might have res.ulted 10 aggravation of fracture; and further, as I have often pOlllted out, the modern boot is so construct ed that It is extremely difficult to cut down the back seam. Ilence the Textbook ( p. :!5) advises you to "st eady limb and undo laces" when for any reason you have to remove th e boot.-N.C F.

TRLA'D1FNl

M. R. (Ca nnon-street ) : -Here is another" next, please " for your column! A candidate was asked-" A man has been b itt en by a mad dog which is standing near patient. vVhat steps would you take?" He replied at once and without hesitation-" Blinklllg long ones.'"

Good, though a b it ancient Next, please :-N.C.F.

TREATl\I ('WT 0[' ApOPLE,(Y.

P. K. (P ontefract ) :-In competitions I have been told that in treatment of Apoplexy it is wrong to turn patient's head to side where diseased blood vessel has burst. The Textbook does not give any such warning. Please advise.

Immediately after" a stroke II it is rarely possible to locate side of h::emorrhage, the diagnosis of which is beyond 2. FlrstAider's skill. The point is, therefore, n ot a practical one; and, further, I do not know what harm would result to such a patient even if his head was turned to the side" where diseased vessel has burst. "-N.C.F

SHOCK FROIr AnDOM[='lAL INJURY.

D. P. (N ew South Wales) :-When during a football match a player falls down as the result of a blow in lower abdomen, our ambulance field men c ommence treatment by turning patient upside down and stand i ng him on his head for half a minute. This treatment pu zz les me; and I should like to know why this method of treatment is adopted?

Standing a person on his head might in some instances produce grave symptoms consequent on Shock. It is, therefore, wrong to expose a patient already suffering from Shock (due to irritation of Sympathetic Nervous System) to furt her risks

D. P. (i\ ew SOllth Wales ) :-- In a recent competitio n candid.a tes were asked If they wOllld resort to artificial respiratIOn for a patient who, suffering from an Epileptic seizure, had ceased to breathe. There were no associated injuries. l\lany of us replied that we would but were told that were wrong. No explanation was offered. Pl ease explain our mistake.

I imagine that (( the catch" of the question was to find out how ma ny of you knew (1) ceas es during the conv ulSive stage of an epileptiC seizure, and (2) that artificial res piration is impossible during this stage owing- to rigidity co nsequent on contractions) of muscles.

Of th e indication for artificial respiration is the thr eatenlOg or complete cessation of breathing; and, if this shoul d ?ccur from some Ill/usual cause in Epilepsy after the co nvulSive stage has passed, then artificial respiration should be started without delay .-N .C.F.

TREAD LE 'T OF ASPIRIN POISONING

A. C (York).-Aspirin to-day is very often taken by some people to relieve head ache, and is apparently a dangerous drug since It IS becomlOg a common occurrence to read in the papers of "deat.h due to Aspirin." Unfortunately the Textbook does not lOclude this poison in its list; and so I ask you to come to our help once again.

you cio not know your Textbook, since you have not rea.lised that you can on l'tS instructions treat any case of pO lson 109 whether or no you recognise the name of poison ta ken: I n short, all you require to know is the state of mouth a nd lIps 1 If these are burned ( bother the stain 1) then treat fo r Corrosive Poisoning; if they are not burned then treat for Non-Corr osive Poisoning. ' a n ordina.ry d?se of may occasionally, With some rlse to serious symptoms, of which .m arked s.welllOg of fa ce, and. tongue, nettlerash, difficulty 10 breath 109 from co ngestIOn of air p a ssages, rapid pulse, etc., are commonly present. With larger doses the signs and sy mptoms are more urgent and luss of consciousness followed

AIb.- 65

by death may result. Since the lips are not burned, then treatment is as for Non-Corrosive Poisoning (T ex t book pp. l54-155). Further, free administration of alkalies (s uch as solution of bicarbonate of soda) if patient is conscious and able to swallow is advisable in these cases.-N.C.F.

IODINE WITH WOUND S

E. T. (W est Green) :--·Recently I saw a case in which a deep incised wound of finger was dressed with Iodine and Boracic lint. Two days later the patient showed me a large blister which had developed round the heallOg wound. Pl ease tell me if this is a frequent complication of the combination of Iouine and Boracic l in t.

I have never seen this complication which may have arisen from one of the following reasons. Thus (I) the Iod in e may have been painted on too thickly; (2) it may h:lVe become concentrated during long storage in bottle through evaporation of the alcohol in which Iodine granules are dissolved; ( 3) the dressing may have been applied before the Iodille had properly dried on wound; or most probably (4) the patient's skin may be susceptible to a peculiar and unusual reaction to the irritative properties of Iod in e.-XC. F.

FRACTURES AT ELBOW TOIKT

R.R. (C ummersdale ) : -To settle an argument, please tell us (I) if with Simple Fracture of Radius one inc/z below elbow joint an angular splint should be applied, and (2) if splmt should be removed when patient reaches his home. Your word is final 1

A fracture situated "one i nch below joint" surely falls within the category of (( fractures involving elbow joint" (T extbook, p. 59). My answer to both queries, therefore, is"Yes J) F.

TRK\TMENT OF FRACTURED BASK

A. C. (Y ork ).- I nole with interest your reply to my Query on Fractured Base of Skull given in July issue. Now I hope that the instructor who pulled me up for not raising head and shoulders will note, mark, learn and digest your answer when he reads his FIRST AID.

Gently does it 1 We all make mistakes at times; and the man who ., never makes a mistake JJ never does any real good 1 -N.C.F.

E H. W. (K ettering ).- There is no mention in the Rules and Regulations with regard to canvassing the members of an existing Division, but, as a matter of courtesy, it is not quite the right thing to do

Correction.-We regret that an unfo rt unate error occurred in this column last month. In our reply to J. D. (Tylorstown) we stated that a member of the Brigade serving in th! R.A. M.C. during the war that h is service counted as double period for the service medal of the Brigade. We regret to say this is incorrect, and we apologise for the inconvenience we have caused many of our readers in writing to headquarters and ourselves.

The .. PLUMBER. &. JOURNAL OF HEATING" (I s. monthly) is THE paper for all progressive tradesmen.-Publishing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E,C.4.

01 EPILEPSY.

6d. net. Post 'free 7d.

NOTES ON FIRST AID SIMPLIFIED.

By Sidney H. Lamb.

A Handbook in a tabulo.ted and simplified form giving the main points in first aid, so arranged as to impress them on the memory of the student

DALE, REYNOLDS

&

CO.,

Ltd.,

46, Cannon St., J.ONDON, E,C.4.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In U PRESCRIPTION READINC" and II ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once,

A member or S,J.A.B. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such , " (T.B,) Special terms now-half fees-to members of S.J.A,B., &c. Apply (stamp) to MR. J: E. WALDHN, Sec" College (Lady Dispenser Section of the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd, xB74) 112 St. George's Road. Southwark London.

TRE TCHERS, ex-Army, from lOS. each, £5 per do zen, Blank e ts, 3s, each. Secondhand, repaired, Army Boots, 6s, 6d " carriage paid, Single B edsteads, 185,; Ma ttresses, I2S" carriage paid,-Army

S

In case of pleurisy or pneumonia? (292 and 296)

If overcome by noxious vapours? (5 60 )

If clothes ca u g ht fire? (363)

Ff)r a if struck by lightning? (5 6 3)

If a pers :m were apparently drowned? (5 60)

If poisoned by arsenic. opium or morphine? (5 65)

If exposed to smallpox? (160)

In case of sunstroke? ( 204)

If sta bbed or II hot? (5q7 and 599)

In case of rupture of blood vein? (658)

In case of heart disease? (306)

1f a person suddenly became insane? (222)

In the case of a l!unshot wound? (599)

In case of an injury to the knee cap? (612 and 62 3)

In case of hremorrhage? (593)

A Few of the Subjects Treated. ACCIDENTS AND HOW TO THEM.

Physical Cuilu re and 11 ealth Exercise, What to do in En e rg encies.

How to Keep Well. Symptoms ot Disease, The Di ' ease of Women The Care of Infan c)" The Djseas(s of Children, Sick Nursing from" A" to "Z,"

The Urinary System, Principles of Anatomy, Principles of 1Iygiene, Principles of Pharmacy, Herb Root and Salt H.emedies. The Nervous System. Beaut)' lIints. Nourishing Value of Foods , Temperamen ts and C)nstilutions Nerve and Brain Diseases llomcepalh;c Treatment.

In of hi ve s? (1 64)

In case of hydrophobia? (208)

In ca£e of inflammation of the bowels? (347)

In case of consumption? (259 and 270)

In case of typhoid fever? (z99)

In case of measles? (I56)

In ca 'e of neuralgia? (216)

In case of r ainter' s colic? (355)

In case of inflammation of the eyes? (643)

In case of cramps in the stomach? (342)

In case of asthma? (301)

In case of abscess? (t 80)

For rheumatism or gout? (S25 and 527)

How would you prevent typhoid fever? (SI8)

THIS IS THE CUI DE YOU NEED.

The" Household Physician" is written with authc;>rity, in simple language by Specialists, T he 500 Illustrations and full-page Plates, and the Anatomical Model showing the Organ of tbe Human Body exactly as they over ay each .other, make the reading matler easily undel stood, and where necessary they show you bow to do It, The young Wife will find just tbat information she requires, Mothers wh o wish. their to develop na,turally will find exactly the tea ch ing they need, \Vonle n On!r 40 wIiI find their difficulties regarding h<clth frankly discussed, Tbere are hundreds of subjects of value to all. The muscles teeth, digestion hair fcod "alues JuJit su, How to dIagnose diseases from of head, toni:ue; throat, chest perspiration, etc., etc, Get this Lew" HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIA " without delay, you may pay for it \\hi!e yeu are using it, OUf Free Booklet will tell you all about it.

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, Yadil' Antiseptic is non - poisonous, non - caustIc, non-irritant. I t can be used both externally and internally with absolute safety.

Ambulance men who have given It a trial In their work have adopted it with enthusiasm .

Free booklet posted on request.

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PERFECT ASEPTIC DRESSINGS

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FIRST=AID SKILL REQUIRED.

All other type.s of dres.sing.s and equipment supplied from .stock at MOST COMPETITIVE PRICES.

W.o.W. Bandages at 9d. per inch per doz.

Restores in fatigue and preserves health

Members of the St John Ambulance Brigade and all those who engage in First Aid work realise that there is nothing to equal a cup of delicious If Ovaltine " for restoring and preventing fatigue. It is invaluable when long hours have to be worked under unfavourable weather conditions. Contain ing the recuperative and restorative elements of ripE' barley malt. creamy milk fresh eggs and cocoa, one cup of " Ovaltine " supplies more nourishment than 12 cups of beef extract, 3 eggs or 7 cups of cocoa.

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September, 19 2 3. - FIRST

For Wounds, Cuts, Scalds and Burns

The Nurse needs this Book Every Day

Whatever the information you want you will find it fully yet concisely set out in this work. It is a complete compendium of all essential nursing knnowledge, which can otherwise only be found by long through numerous text-books. Written specially for nurses by a nurse of the highest qualifications, its language is completely free from technicalities so that its meaning is perfectly clear at the very first time of reading.

A COMPLETE SYSTEM OF NURSINC

By A. MILLICENT ASHDOWN

(E.'ramt"ner in .Nitrses' Pracltcal

T¥ork t? Guy's Hospital, etc.)

GERMOLENE has established it supremacy in first aid work in every part of the world. It IS unequalled for very obvious

1. As a germicide GERMOLE E is supreme Septic complications are impossIble where it is It cleanses wounds of ever)' particle of forelgn matter. The bacilli of poison shrivel and die when it is applied.

2. GERMOLENE soothes immediately. There is none of the tingling, smarting, or pain which is associated with bacteriCIdal agents so often used in the past. The action of GER1\10LE E is so rapid that the quick cessation of pain Invariably aSlOnishes the user.

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GERM OLENE should be kept ready for use by all ambul ance workers; it shoul.d certainly have a permanent m fir.st-ald chest and in every home for lmmedlate appltcatlon in cases of c uts, wounds, scalds and burns. It is just as useful for every klOd of SklO complaint, and it is the doyen of all skin preparat ions for use in children's ailments.

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ently wide field, and none of them is written entirely in language which the nurse can at once grasp without wearisome reference to other works. All these difficulties the Author has ably overcome. Herself a nurse of the highest qualifications, she has been able to draw freely upon her own long and varied experience, and to eliminate anything that would be outside the every-day practice of thp. average nurse. She is practical, yet sufficiently theoretical throughout. It is certainly a book which no young nUl se should be without the benefits to be derived from it will e xtend throughout the training p e riod and afterwards.

Everything a Nurse should know.

Here are a few of the subjects treated in this unique work:

T he E"se:'tial <)ualifications of a Nur se

-General Nursing Duties-Particular \Iethods of Treatment- The Application of Bandages- Eltten ion and plintsGeneral Observation of Symptoms)1ed cal i\ursing - T he Nu rsing of Specifi: Infective Diseases - The Nursing of of the System-:'lental

N'ur ing - The Nursing of of the Skin- Su rgical Nursing-The of OFeJ alio n Care ;, Anaesthetics - A bdorr inal Ope rations and their Comr-licatio ns

-First Aid and After - Treat ment of Acciden 'al Wounds and Injuries-The Com plicatio ns of \Vound s- The !\Tursing of Children - The Nursin g of Diseases of

the HipandSpine-Deformi tie s-Ophtha lmic Nuning- Kur sing of Di seases of the Ear, N ose and Tu rsi ng- Obstetrical Nur sing-Massage -1I1ed ical Electricity-Drugs and their Administration- Poisons: their An tidotes and An tagon ists - Diets - 5ick Room Cookery-- A ppendix of Tab! es, etc., etc.

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A I D. - Septemb er 1923.

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EDITORIAL.

disinclination, for voluntary work on the part of these to whom they might look for assistance in recruiting the Brigade. Col. Trimble has had a life experience in the Brigade, and hall to his credit and under bis administration one of its largest a nd most active districts, and jf be is correct in his assumption it will considerably militate against the expansion of the organisation.

Voluntary work has been the ke ystone up on wbich the Brigade has been built, and up)n which it bas established itself as one of tbe finest institutions in the British Empire. If this is going to be dEstroyed, we are afraid that, in future years, it will hav e the most tragic can seq uenc e 3.

Safety in Mines.

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TELE PH NE 281.

I'ie s SEPT ., 1923

WE have often advocated tbat each No. 4 District District s bould hol d an annual conferConferenGe. ence of its officers and members, but witb the exception of two Districts no mo ve is made in tbe matter. Possibly the cbief value of a c on ference is to be found in th e variety of views on simi lar subjects wbich are place d before tbe delegates, and pro blems and difficulties are brougbt to light from different an gles which, when experience is brought to bear upon the m, opens out a new aspect, and what appears to be an insur mountable difficulty is solved as a result of the exp erience of others.

The number of dt:l e gates at the 22nd Annual Conferen ce of the No. 4 District exceeded the total of the prev ious year j this is an encouraging opening to a winter cam paign. Of particular interest amollg many valuable opi nions was the warning conveyed by Col. Trimble, who dre w attention to the fact that it appeared to him that th ere was much less desire, and in some Cases a total

THE recent fatalities in the Redding Mine, near Falkirk, foHowing so closely on other mining disaste rs , has direct ed atte ntion once again to the q uestion of safety in mines. In this connection it is gratifying to bave the opinion of Professor Henry Louis, one of the world's foremost mining authorities, that everytbing th at can be done to safeguard the life of the miner is being don e In his opinion, the coal owners have been the pioneers of every safety movement.

The question of saft guarding tbe min e r is one that for many years has received close attention in America, where some twelve tb o usand min e rs are being trained annually by the Government in safety metbods of mining, rescue and first aid work. Ten re5cue stations and ten safe ty stat ions are being maintained tbroughout the mining sect ions of the country, and motor vebicles are held in read i ness to proceed to districts not easily reached by rail. Most of the mining companies in tbe U S. A. now maintain saftty departments with rescue stations and equipment.

The authorities on tbis side of tbe Atlantic are no less concerned for th e well-being of the miner, and doubtless some international excbange of views on su cb important matters are included in their activities, for no stone should be left unturned to safeguard those engaged in what is perbaps the most important of our key industries.

:The Grand :Jldorg of the Order of thc )\ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in &ngland. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

:The St. John J\mbulance Srigade. Prince of Wales's Distrkt DISTRICT ORDERS.

COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL NOVEMBER, 1923.

" 4th.-No. 64 Division, Y.M.C.A. !th.-No. 67 Borough of St. Pancras.

" 18rd.-No.68 City of London.

" 2sth.-No. 70 " Kensington.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. J obn's Gate at 2 p.m.

APPOI NTMENTS.

The Chief Commissioner has agreed to District Officer Captain Claydon being placed in charge of the Central Area. Captain Claydon for the present will retain his rank of District Officer. All communications regarding the Central Area should be sent to Captain Claydon at St. John's Gate. The following Officers are in charge of the remaining areas :-Assist.-Commr. S. H. VIlven, 26, Sotheby-road, Highbury, N.S, Eastern Area.

Assist.-Commr. Lt.-Col. Brooks, M.B 12, Lonsdale-rvad, Bedford Park, W., Western Area.

Div.-Surgn. C. J. R. MacFadden, I I, Frognal, Hampstead, Northern Area.

Div. Surgn. and Supt., Dr. E. McIntyre, Fernholme, Streatham-road, Mitcham, Southern Area.

CONFERENCE OF' OFFICERS.

It is prop::13ed to hold a Conference of Officers on Saturday, November lith, at 3 p.m. Officers having any business to bring forward, should submit their resolutions together with the name of prop::>ser and second er in time to reach the Commissioner by October 27lh.

ANNUAL INSPECTION PARADE STATES.

Several parade states for the Annual I nspection have not yet been at headquarters. In order that the records may be completed, officers in charge of ambulance and nursing divisions are asked to forward their parade states together wIth requests for leave of absence, to the Public Duty Officer, at St. John's Gate, Clerkenwel 1 E. C. J.

ANNUAL INSPECTION.

Although tbe weatbf>r was not good when the Annual Inspection was beld in Hyde Park on September nnd, the number of members of ambulance and nursing divisions on the parade ground was very good. The Commissioner desires to express his appreciation of the smart appearance of the members, and of the manner in which the duties were carried out on that occasion. He also desires to express his thanks to those members of the headquarters' 5taff, and the company commanders, who worked so well to produce such a desirable result.

LORD MAYOR'S DAY, NOVEMBER 9 h & ARMISTICE DAY, NOVEMBER 11th.

The public duty officer will be pleased if officers and members in charge of ambulance divisions will kindly have the enclosed forms filled in, giving particulars as to how many members of their divisions will be available for duty on the above-named occasions, should they be required. The form should be returned to headquarters as early as possible, but

AID. - October, I923.

not later than Friday, October 26th. The forms will be dealt with in rotation, and stations allotted to those divisions whose forms are sent in early. All detachments should parade with full equipment, including stretcher, haversac, and water bottle. Decorations and medals will be worn on November 9th.

TELEPHO E NUMBERS.

As the present list of telephone numbers now in use at headquarters appears in many instances to be out of date, the Commissioner will be glad if officers and men in charge of divisions will kindly furnish him with their present telephone numbers, in order to avoid delay when urgent communication is necessary.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending neVI s paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

ANNUAL The annual inspection of the Prince of \Vales' District took place on ExhIb tIon Ground, Hyde Park, on September 22nd, by Colonel Sir James Andrew Clark, Bart, C.B., the Chief Commissioner.

Despite the ""eather, the public was well represented, and the Parade mustering in all very nearly 2,000, presented a very smart appearance, most of the members Vlearing war decorations.

A new feature was the presence of the recently-fol med Cadet Divisions.

The three District Bands, under Sergt.-Major Lomas, acquitted themselves most creditably.

The Parade, the arrangements for which were made by the new Duty Officer, Captain G. Gerhold, was under the command of W. H. Winny, o n.E., the Commissioner of the District.

On the arrival of the Inspecting Officer, flags were broken and the General Salute was given, Col. Clark, accompanied by the Deputy Commissioner, Col. G. A. Moore, the Commissioner and District Staff, together with Col. Cameron, Secretary of the Order, made a careful inspection of all the ranks, commencing with the Nursing Section, numbering about 400.

The Inspection over, the Parade marched past in quarter column, and the Salute was given at the base. These movements were carried out with a precision that called for great applause from the public.

The inspecting officer expressed himself delighted with the smart and efficient turn out of the district.

After the inspection the Parade marched to Lincoln's I where it was addressed by the Commissioner, and dIsmIssed.

Among the visitors were Mrs. Cameron, Major McRae and Lady Margaret McRae, Sir Charles Lamb, Colonel Moymham, Mr. W. H. Fincham.

LO ST.-To the members of all Divisions on Parade at Hyde Park for Annual Inspection. Will the member who took my Overcoat in mistake communicate either direct to me at 23, Corinthian-road, Erith, [Kent, or to District Officer at 9vercoat bears Corporal's stripes, two knives, key and pIpe In pockets.-A. A. Eden (Corporal), 49th Dlvisi( n (Erith and District).

N.C.O.'s CLUB.-The usual monthly meeting will be held on Thursday, November 1st, at 7.30 p.m. at W. H. Smith & Son's Club, 1 I, Milford Lane, Strand, W.C.2.

A lecture will be given, entitled" Fire and First Aid," by Mr. J. E. Dane.

We cordiaily invite N C.O.'s to come and join our membership. Particulars can be had from H. J. Palmer Hon. Sec., 70, Newington Green Road, N.r.

October, 3· -FIRST

NO. 3 District.

LEICESTER.-Some 222 men and nursing sisters of the (orps visited Hinckley on September 29th to give 3. pl1blic display of ambulance work, and they were conveyed in motor cars lent by private owners. They had a unique experience on the way, of rendering first aId in two cases of accident-a little boy being struck by a car, and a motor cyclist being pulled out of a ditch in both cases appropriate aid being rendered.

Quite 1,000 people were present to witness the interesting proceedings, despite the fact that there were many importan counter-attractions on the same afternoon. For the purpose of the demonstration a portion of the park, which had been kindly loaned by the Urban District Council, was railed off, and at opposite ends of the enclosure hospitals were erected, fully equipped with beds, as in an ordinary hospital. The nursing sisters were split up into companies, and were placed in charge of these hosp Itals. A dummy doctor's house, chemist's shop, mansion and private house, were erected, and at various points were cards indicating where such things as a train accident, a bomb explosion,an aeroplane accident, and a fire at a hospital, had taken place, and at these points boy scouts, members of the 4lh Hin ckley Company, under the Rev. J. R. Quarterman, were lying down upon ground sheets indicating the respective

A I D.- 7S

Miss Knight, Lady Ambulance Officers Miss Greasley, and Miss Field.

Following the demonstration, the ambulance men and nurs ing sisters marched back to Trinity Hall, where they were entertained by the chairman and members of the Hinckley Urban District Council, and other gentlemen in the town.

Mr. J. Bennett, J. P., presided, and in a speech extended to the members of the Leicester Corps, a cordial welcome to Hinckley. He said it was the first time such a demonstration had been given in the town, and it had proved of great interest to those who had witnessed the proceedings.

of the oldest workers in the district, Mr. T. H. Hilton, passed away suddenly on September the 13th. It wa.s in 1908 that he retired from tbe position of Chief Superintendent of the Wellingborough Corps, and for 19 years previous to that date he had been associated with it. He continued for many years afterwards to hold the post of hon. secretary to the Wellingborough Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association. He joined the first ambulance class that Dr. W. E. Audland promoted, and it was not long before he became Mr. T. Woolston's lieutenant, and when Mr. Wool-

Members of the Oxford Corps taken while on duty at St. Giles Fair. Lady FurJey, R.R.C., in the centre, is President of the Corps. injuries that had been sustained. The ambulance men were then despatched with stretchers to the scene of the accidents, and after attending to the injuries, conveyed their patients to hospital.

The important part of the demonstration, so far as stretcher bearing was concerned, was that it showed the extreme care with which traine::l ambulance men go about their work when conveying injured persons over deep ditches, high walls, or other similar obstacles. I was also interesting to observe the simple manner trained men employ i n lIfting patients from the stretcher to the cot. Drs. P. G. Garrett, Cooke, and P. C. Rayner, of Shilton, who watched the proceedings. afterwards made an examination of the patients, and expresse:l themselves fully satisfied with the work of the ambulance men and nursing sisters.

The chief officers of the Leicester Corps on parade were: Corps Supt. A. W. Walker, Corps Treasurer F. G. Brise (Hinckl ey ), Corps Storekeeper Howell, Corps Sec. J. W. Farmer, Supt5. F. J. Timson, A. Mehew (Hinck ley ), L. Tucker, A. Leeson, H. Elliott, H. W. Martin, W. I3redmore, J. H. Hill, H. G. Lane, C. O. Dixon, Ambulance Officers A. Howe and W. Martin.

The nursing sisters were in charge of Corps Supt. Mrs. Musson, Div. Supts. Mrs. Taylor, Mrs. Blanco, Mrs. Bales,

ston became Assistant Commission er, Mr. Hilton took his place as Chief Superintendent. During his 12 years in that position the Corps held a good record for work, and amongst its most notahle incidents was the service that it rendered during the great railway accident in 1898, and earnea the highest pra is e from those best qU'llified to give it. During his tenure of office the Corps twice won the Dewar Shield. When the South African War broke out about roo men of the Corp:; volunteered, and between 40 and 50 went out to the Front and h ad a rather high percenta ge of losses. The Sick Berth Reserve and the Home Hospital Reserve were starteD durin L!' his officership, and the Corps was well represented on these b::>dies. In the Jubilee year of 1897, Mr Hilton became an Hon')rary Brother of the Order of St. John, and afterwards received the Long Service Medal. Then he received the South African Medal. To mark the esteem in which he was held on retiring from the post he received a fine p ece of plate, SUItably inscrib6d, and bearing the crest of the Order of St. John I n his reply, Mr. Hilton said ambulance work had always a great fascination for him, and he had entered in'.o the work in the highest and truest sense of try ing to do something, anything, and every thin\: in his pawer to alleviate suffaing so common to their frail humanity. The funeral took place on September 17th. At the head

-FIRST AID-

of the cortege walked an ambulance man holding a magnificent wreath, the tribute £ent by the WellinglJorough Corps of the St. John Ambulance. Supt. B. Graveley and members. o.f .the \Yellingborough St. John Ambulance Headquarters' DIvIsIon, who formed the bearing party.

Among the St. John Arr,bulance representatives present were-Commissioner W. E. Audland, M.B.E., Assistant Commissioner \V. Harvey Reeves, O.B.E. ( Northampton ), Sorps Supt. J. C. Parker (\Vellingborough), Supt. W. E. Edwards ( Northampton), Supt. P. Maycock (Irthlingborough), Ambulance Officer W. J. Ricks (Northampton), Ambulance Officer J. A. Drage (Wollaston), Hon. Supt. Mrs. T. Paten ell, M.B.E. (Higham Ferrers), Nurs ing Officer Miss Clipson ( Rushden), Secretary Mrs. Tyrrell ( Irthlingborough), Supt. Mrs. Campbell and First Officer Miss Rowlatt (Wellingborough Victoria), Ambulance Officer Miss Dickson and Secretary Miss Bland (Wellingborough Headquarters).

No. 5 District.

DERBY.-It is with deep regret that the death of Staff Sergt. G. Hooper is announced which occurred with tragic suddenness. The deceased took part in the drill tne evening before he died. The Division will feel the loss very keenly as Staff Sergt. Hooper was one of the oldest members, having joined the Division at its inception in r899, served during the war at the King George Hospital, London, for a period of four years.

He was attached to the Nursmg DIvIsIon, be10g the dnll instructor, and helped with the first aid lectures. The interment took place at the Nottingham-road Cemetary amid manifestation of grief and respect. There was a good attendance of members of the Nursing and Ambulance Divis ions. The bearers were Staff Sergt. Hallam, Staff Sergt. Flux, Staff Sergt. Smedley, Sergt. Gilbert, Corpl. Bannister and Corpl. Kidd. .\Tuch sympathy is felt for the widow.

ANNUAL to the kindness of Messrs. Rolls-Royce Welfare Committee, the annual inspection of the Derby Division was held this year on the sports ground, the inspecting officer being Asst.-Commissioner Dr. A. Dobson, of Ilkston.

The Division paraded So strong, Ambulance Officer F. was in charge

After the Commissioner had inspected the uniforms, Staff Sergt. HallCim put the Division through company drill; Staff Sergt. A. Flux was responsible for the stretcher drill, and Corpl. Bannister took the hand seat drill, etc.

At the close Dr. Dobson complimented the Division on its clean and smart appearance, also for the drills, etc., which were a proof of hard work put in by the non-corns. He made reference to the old faces he met each year, but he regretted that one was missing on this occasion, Staff Sergt. Hooper, who had died with tragic suddenness. Staff Sergt. Hooper was a member who had been deeply interested in the welfare of the Division for a number of years, and would not be easily replaced. The Division had lost a good man, and the Commissioner stated that he would like to associate himself with the sympathy expressed to the widow and family by the members of the Division.

Sel vice ribbons were given to Sergt. W. Gilbert and Corpl. A. Kidd ( the medals will come to hand shortly ). Dr. Dobson, in presenting the ribbons, expressed the wish that now these coveted decoratio ns had been received, the recipients would still continue to do in the future as they had done in the past and not give up.

Ambulance Officer F. Grice, on behalf of the Division, thanked the Commissioner for coming to inspect once more, and hoped that he would be sp:ued to come for many years.

LEEDS.-After being held in abeyance for a period of ten years, tbe Armley and Wortley DiVI sio n, S.F.A.B., held its first annual Church Parade, on September 16th, 1923, at Armley Church. The Division, augmented by ambulance

men and c;isters, from Burley and Kirkstall, Leeds, l\T orley, Heckmondwike, Ardsley and Dewsbury, marched in procession to [the Church, led by the Leeds City Police Band (by kind permission of the Chief Constable of Leeds, R. L. Matthews, Esq ;. The Parade was under the command of Ex-Corps Superintendent A. Edison, l<..'squire of Ille Orde7'-assist ed by Div. Supt. Edward D. Glover. The Vicar of Armley (t he Rev. H. Lovell Clarke), conducted the Service, and 10 his address he gave a brief resume of the History of the Order of St. John, referring to it as an ancient and venerable institution with a continuity of service extending over many centuries, and including in its activities, that noble work of rendering First Aid to the Injured. Its organisation at the present day comprising a vast army of men and ...vomen, expert in amb u· lance work, and ready at all times to render assistance when required. The Vicar proceeded to consider the ideals of the movement, stating that the spirit animating its members, was that of service. compassion and tenderness to others, which approximated to the Christ ideal. Dealing with the local Division, the Vicar made appreciative leferenLes, to their work in the district, and nv ited them to agalO hold an Ambulance Sunday next year.

At the conclusion of the address, an offertory was taken for the benefit of the local Division, while the City Police Band, having accompanied the singing of hymns, rendered I-l andel's Largo.

At the close of the Service, the contingents formed up, and to the accompaniment of mUSIC, marched round the principal streets of Armley. Before dismissal, Div. Supt. E. D. Glover, in a few \\ ell chosen remarks, expressed his appreciation for the servIces rendered by the lhnd, and to the visiting Divisions, which had contributed so lar gely to the Parade being a success. To build up and re-organise a Division had meant work, but that day's Parade had given a stimulus and encouragement to Armley, whIch would prove extremely beneficial. Ex.· Corps Supt. A. Edison, after expressing how pleased he was to have had the privilege of renewing his old enthusiasm by taking charge finally dismissed the Parade.

WEST RlDINr..- The annual inspection of the ofiicers and men, and the nursing divisions, of the south-east area of the West Riding, was held on September 23rd, on Doncaster racecourse, and, as usual, attracted numerous people. The inspecting officer was agalO r. W. H. Chambers, formerly of Denaby, one of the leading ambulance authorities in the district.

Mr. Chambers presented medals and certificates tu three Denaby members upon the completion of ) 5 years' serVlc eCorps officer B. Hadfield, Supt. G. :(\lilnes, and AmhJlance Officer 1\1. Soar.

Certificates for valuable work were gIven to Sergt. G. Davis and Mr. W. R. Jones, Askern Division. Corps,Supt.

H. C. Harrison, Denaby, was in charge of the parade, and also present were District Officer G. Severns, Denaby; Dl\,. Surg. Stanley Tressider, Askern; Corps-Supts. S. Bunting-, Brodsworth; H. Hulley, W. Still, and B. Hadfield, Denaby; B. Carr, Brodsworth ; J. Criddle, Hullcroft; H. Gawtho pe, Edlington, Denys Harland, and Bowden, Askern; Lady Supts.

Mrs. L. Farrell, Denaby; Mrs. H. Yates, Mexbro'; 1\1rs. 1\1. Troughton, Conisbro'; and l\tiss Phillips, Askern. Brodsworth and bands, the Brodsworth bagpipe and bugle bands were in attendance. There were about 700 on parade, out of a total strength of nearly 1,000.

No. 7 District.

IRONBRlDGE. -O n September 27th, a meeting was held in the national schoolroom, Dawley,at which .3ergt. James Pooler of the Madeley division was presented with his long service medal after IS years membership of the brigade ( I ron bridge Corps). Dr. Woodward Riley (Commiss ioner-in-Charge) accompanied by Dr. Mackie (cou nty surgeon ) made the presentation, and in doing so said what a very pleasing duty it was to be able to pin upon the breast of Sergt. Pooler such a medal for valuable service in the brigade. He hoped the recipient would live long to wear it, and remain amongst them.

October, 19 2 3 -FIRST

Lady Supts. Mrs. Andrews and MI.SS Briscoe bad of nurses present. Dr. Riley explamed some very points to officers in charge of divisions as to the records belD\{ kept, so that all members should .be efficient, and that they might be able to have the long S(fVICe medal when due. Dr. l\lackie explamed how valuable it was to be able to render first aid in case of emergency, and said how people after gaining their first aid thoug.ht it was not troubling- to gain further dIplomas. ThIS was a mistake as they should make therr:c;elves efficient annually, a certificate only lasting twelve months. He was sorry there was no class at Dawley but hoped that funds might be raised so that the good worl; of first aid might be start ed again in Dawley as parts of the old Iron Bridge Corps. Mr. Noah Corps Officer, suitably responded, and closed the meet10g by moving a vote of thanks to Dr. \Voodward .Riley and Dr. .l'.1ackle who had taken such a keen mterest 10 the work of first aid. Sergt. Pooler seconded, and the vote was heartily accorded.

During the past yenr the members ?f the have been performing useful work and on vanous occasIons been enga ged on Duty, and me.mbers of. the I?ursmg division are help ' ng 10 the Orthopcl!dlC HospItals lD the district.

The Annual Competltlon for the District Challenge ShIeld was held at the \.-\'oodlands, Shrewsbury, on June 23 rd , the Judges bemg Colonel \\' ra th for the Vl7.'1l and Major Exham for the team work. The contest was very close, 03westry wmning by half a mark from Shrewsbury's second team, the winners for the last two years coming fourth. A pleasing featul e of the competition was the enter ing of th.r ce teams from the new Nursing Division at Hereford. Followmg the Competition, a presentatIon from the members of NO·7 District was made to the late Commissioner, Colonel Cureton The Assistant Commissioner-in-Charge, who made the presentatIon, feelingly referred to the amount of work aone before the war, when No. 7 District included Wales, and sai d the \Ve.lsh Priory owed a \'ery great deal to Colonel Cureton havmg started so many DIvisions. The Ambulance Divisions of the Shrewsbury Corps and the Shrewsbury Division were also insp ected on the same date by Colonel Cureton.

On July 26th the Annual Competition for the V.A.D. Challenge Shield took place in the Town Hall at Whitchurch. Most of the Divisions have had a lest for the last six weeks, and are now beginning to settle down to the winter's work of practice and lectures.

No. 10 District.

I P. \\ lCH.- The annual inspection of the Corps was held on Sept. 29th, :lnd by a coincident a call was made for the ambulance, which had to leave the ground.

The pre5ence of the Mayor (Mr Alfred Sizer ) who has always taken a great interest in the movement, was greatly appreciated, as was also that of Miss Mary Coulcher, C. B.E., a name for ever respected in ambulance circles. Conspicuous also were Dr. A. Hill, Mr. A. H. W. l\loffat (Cor ps treasurer ), Mrs. Hossack, Supt. Gallaway (o f the Ipswich Fire Brigade), Mr. S. Haggar, and other ambulance helpers.

The Bnl{ade assembled at the station and thence marched to Holywells Park, by way of the town, headed by their bugle band, under Sergts. Cobbold and Aldridge. The parade was commanded by Capt. F. H Godderham (district officer), in the unavoidable absence of Asst.-Commissioner Dr. S. O. Eades. Supporting him were District Officers A. C. Hill and Damant, together with Lord. The Corps was in charge of Supt. J. Pawsey, supported by Corps Officers W. C. Smith, F. Nethercoat, and Curtis, together with Sergt.-Major Barrelt. Lady District Officer Miss Bohun Coulcher was in charge of the Nursing Divisions ; supported by Lady Corps Supt. Miss Haggar, A.R.R.C., and Lady Corps Officers Miss King and Mrs. Hodgson. The medical staff was represented by Division-Surgeons R. Eades and Eric Staddon.

The total parade strength was considerably over 100, and

A I D.- 77

included representatives from Manningt,ree and nursing from Felixstowe and Aldeburgh. IpSWIch was represented by 1st Division (Supt. C. Fiddy and Amb. Officer Knox), St. John (Supt. W. Lambert ) Social Settlement I SUpt. J Hu tton ), Orwell Works (S upt. W. G. Last and Amb. Officer Gippeswyk ( Supt. F. E. Goddard and Amb. Officer BIrd;, and L. and XE. Railway ( Supt. T. A. Pepper). The nurslD s divisions were Moka (Su pt. Miss Hossack ), (Supt. Mrs. Parkington), and Beechholme MISS

The inspecting officer, Deputy ChIef CommISSioner Col. G. A. Moore C.M.G, D.S.O., M.D., A.M.S., arrived accompanied by 'Major Hossack ( District '::::ommissioner ) and Distr ict Surgeon W. Fryer, and took the salute of t.he parade, which was formed into three compames. t:- close Inspection of all officers and ranks followed, the mspectmg officer stopping to chat with many of the .older members. The companies then marched past the saluttng base, followed by the motor waggon ( Transport Officer Hlll) the horse waggon (C orpl. Scarlett). Then they were formed mto a hollow square, when long-service medals and to the followinR :-Corps Officer W. C. SmIth, Sergts. G. l\: orton, E. Sawyer Death Lovell, and Corpl. Salmon. The Nurs ing Corps bowl' was also presented to this year's \vinners, namely, the Broadwater team. An interesting address was dellvered by Col. ;\Ioore, in which he spoke very of the .value of an ambulance training :and of the necessIty of keepmg up the Brigade as a valuable asset to the State.

No. I (S.E. &. C.R.) District.

COULSD ON.-Chipstead Valley Division held a sllccessful Dance at Coulsdon Working Men's Club last month. Dr. J. A. Mac Murly made a splendid speech. £r3 accrued to the funds as a result of the hard work put into the effort.

In the Isle of Thanet area, Ramsgate Division continues to go from to strength.i working in No. 8 District officers the objects of the Bngade are beIng advanced in all directions. The heavy influx of seasonal visitors have not interfered with the execution of duty at Sandwich and other points.

The advent of a new stationmaster at Sevenoaks has given fresh impetus to the local division. The President, :(\1r. Stanley Cooper is displaying deep interest in the work. Aldershot Cadet Division held its first team competItIOn recently. Sir Arthur Mayo Robson and Lady Robson were present.

The annual concert at Central Hall, Westmlllster, on September 15th, again attracted a large audience, and proved another success to the Victoria Division.

Attendance at the annual examinat ions throughout this District has given gratifying proof of the keenness and high standard of proficiency prevailing.

No. 12 (Irish) District.

At a meeting of the Distri,t Staff held on Septe:nber 26th, Lady District Officer Miss Overend was Secretary to the Ambulance League ( Women ) Competlt :on, and Corps Superintendent A. J. MacWilliam Secretary to the Ambulance League (Men) Competition, for the season 19 2 3- 2 4.

District Officer A. J. Connor was married 00 October IOth to Miss Mary Balme, daughter of l\lr. Thomas Balme, of Swithin Farm, Leeds. The Commissioner, his staff a,od officers of the Ambulance Divisions presented Mr. Connor WIth a beautiful case of cutlery as a token of the great affection and regard in which he is held by all ranks of the Brigade in Ireland.

The "DECOR.ATORS' & PAINTERS' MAGAZiNE " (IS. monthly) is 1 HE trade paper for all interested.Publishing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C.4.

October, 1923.

No. 4 District Conference.

THE 22nd annual conference of the district was this year held at Southport on Oct. 6th, the meeting being held at the Cam bridge Hall when some 1,200 officers, mem bers, and nursiog sisters were present.

The Commission e r, Colonel C. J. Trimble, C.B., C. M.G presided, and others 00 the platform included the Mayor and Mayoress (Alderman Willett, C.B. E., D.L., J.P, and M is ) Willett); Assistant F. de B. Plm, C. H. Fowler Jones and Major Pooley: Major L. G S. Molloy, D.S.O , D;strict Surgeon; District Officers W. J. F. Washington, Preston (SEcretary) W. G. Bentall, O.B.E. Southport (Treasurer); W. J. Maxwell Reckie, O.B. E. ; and Lt.-Col. W. B. Cock ill ; Mrs. Tweedale, J.P. (Lady Supt., S .J.A.B.), Miss Br.own, Supt.)

Miss Cockshott (Supt., Bukdale NUrslng DIVISIon), Mrs. Bmtall, Mr. J. J. Ceckshott, O.B.E, Alderman Mawdsley (Hon. Sec. of local centre), and Mr. W. Parkinson (Commandant Southport Brigade).

The Mayor, at the outset of the proceedings, said it was with very great pleasure he came that day to give them a very hearty welcome to S outhport.

Colonel Trimble propoEed a vote of thanks to the

recuitiog the Brigade. This widespread tendency had militated considerably against the expansion of the organisatio!1, and though the r:.eed not seriously complain, yet it had rEquired the greatest p J ssible energy on the part of the district staff and the cfficers associated with Ambulance Corps and Divisions and Nursing Divisions to the worK of the Brigade in an condition. In his last report the Commissioner out that a certain num ber of units were in a doubtful position. After to make these units understand that they must either become Efficient or cease to exist, he had had to [(.commend the striking off of a number of those attenuated Division:. He trust e. d the Divis ions recommer.ded for disbandment WJuld clear NO.4 District completely of its dormant units. On the o.her hand he had pleasure in recording the formation of five r: e w and thought there was every prospect of further developments in this direction.

Dr. Bentall pn;sented the financial stat e ment. This showed that tt e total income for I922 amounted to £254 IS IOd, and that the Expenditure (xceeded this sum by £123 5!". 8d. The previous year the deficit was over £48. Dr. BentaH said there had been a falling off in subscriptic,ns. 00 th e Revenue Account they we re more in debt to-day than they were at the c hse of last year. While their expenses were roughly £2 00 a year their in-

Mayor and Mayoress of Southport for their presence that afternoon, and said he desired to Express his gratitude to the Mayor for his words He thought it would have been impossible for thEm to have rEsisted the invitation to hold their conftrence in Southport, but when they knew they had the sympathies of the Mayor and Mayoress they felt convinced their gathering would te a succeSf. The O.-der of St. John h!ld selected his Worship for the high grade of Knight of Grace, and the kindness and help given the Order by the Mayoress had been recogby the fact that she held the grade of Lady of Grace of the Order.

Mrs. Tweedale seconded the resolution, and paid a tribute to the Mayol':> practical intuest in the work of St. John.

The business of the conference was then - proceeded. v. ilh. In his annual report the Commissioner stated that the work of keeping together units of the St. John Am bulance Brigade had altered very considerably. It appeared to him that there was much less desire, in fact in some instanCes a total disinclination for voluntary work, on the p.ut of those to whom they Ir.ight lock fur assistance in

Members of the Leicester Corps who attended come was only just over £100, which meant that they were falling into arrears at the rate of £ 100 a year unless they could increase the capital fund which the Commissioner started with such enthusiasm three years ago in order to wipe out the annual subscription. In 192 the annual subscription was £32, in 1922 £ [3. Dr. BentaH stated that there had b:w a distinct improvement in the contributions received for the first nine months of 1923. Up to the first of the present month they had recelved in subscriptions £30 I IS. 8d, and towards the cap'tal fund they had had contributed £96 7s., so that the subscriptions were already treble what they were last year. What they desired, however, was to raise the capital fund which would provide thE m with a constant source of revenue. Whilst the speaker xpressed appreciation of the Eelf-::lenying generosity of many of the units, he mentioned that fifty units had contributed nothing to the caf>ital fund. Some of the units had been very generous, giving £20, £30, or even more, t) the capital fund, but to those who had only given a pound or two he would point out that that could not possibly " out" an annual subscription of two or three

-FIRST

The Commissioner, addressing the Conference, said it wal satisfactory to know, although they had lost a number of units during the year, yet at the same time the strength of the District had increased. He could not quite understand it, but there was not just desire that he would like existing in the units :to push out and get other uoits formed in their vicinity. There were many puts of the District where they did not thrive as they should. Lancashir e was all right. L1nca'5hir e had always been all right in the work of the St. John Ambulance Association. Cheshire was not bad, and followed on well. Tner<; were also a number of units in Westmorland, but they did not do so well as they should in Cum berland. He had got a nE:W staff officer appointed in Cumberland, and he WJ.S looking forward tJ great from him. Nothing hurt him more than to wip e:out a un :t, but he was glad to say that some of the units which had beEn disbanded had not actually stopped breathing, and they might still revive.

The Conference enthus iastically endorsed a suggestion made by th e Commissioner that a district parade should be held, that the Secrtt.uy of State for War (Lord Derby) should invited to inspect the parade, and that he should also be reg uest e d to allow the demonstration to take place at Know5ley Park.

Mrs . Tweedale urged the importance of encouraging

Al D.- 79

Mrs. Howard] of Preston, created some laughter by a reference to the dress regulations for the members of the Nursing Divisions. She suggested that for women with short necks it would be an advantage if they cculd have from two to three-eights of an inch taken off the collars and put on the cuffs. The mattEr was pas'5ed over for a time, but later Mrs. Howard returr.ed to the subject, and said that perhaps some of the other ladies present might like to 5peak on the question.

The Commissioner : I hope not. He then asked: Is there any lady with a short neck who would like to speak on this matter?

There was no response and Mrs. Howard remarked: "ThEY are all satisfied, " an observation which was greeted with cries of "No" from many of the ladies present. In response to a further question as to whether they would liko the collar shortened there was a general demonstration in the affirmative.

Th-: Commissioner then said if he could by any possibility take the two-eights of an inch off the collars it would be donf'.

Another reprtsentative sUjZge5ted that the rule under which only officers were allowed to should be deleted. Very often, he said, a m e mber of the rank and file could express himself better than the officer.

the Ambulance Demonstration at Hinckley.

the cadet movement in connection with the St. John Ambulance Brigade. Replying to criticisms, she said they did not wish to compete with the Boy Scout or the Girl Guide organisations, but she could see no reason why all boy scouts and girl guides should not be members of the cadet section of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. The traffic in the streets, she said, was moving more quickly and th e streets were more congested, and it was very essential that everybody, even the youngster3, should know something of what to do in ca')e of accident.

Colonel Trimble said that arrangements had just bet n come to bet the Order of St. John and the Boy Scout an I Girls Guide Headquarters, under which the latter trganisation were to form units of the St. John Ambulance Brigade,

Dr. BentaH, following a criticism by one of the representatives who thought it was not proper for a doctor to charge a guinea for a lecture, said apart from the Corporation lectures all the medical men associated with him in lecture work in connection with the local brigade looked upon it as one of the privileges to give a course of lectures wi h'Jut a fer:-, and they would continue to:do so.

The Commissioner said he did not think they need pass any resolution. on the matter. If a superintendent who was not eloquent had sometning to bring forward and desired to turn on his eloquent private he (the Commissioner) as chairman would always listen to the eloquent private.

A member of the Reddish Division raised the question of war decoration of members who joined up in 1914, but who were 0 bliged to remain on home service.

Colonel Trimble said he was in entire syrnpltby with the opinion that those who served at home should have some recognition in the shape of a decoration, but the War Office had distinctly and definitely refused to meet them in this respect.

On the motion of Mr. Ree.kie, seccnded by Assistant Commissioner Pim, a hearty vote of thanks was accorded Southport Centre of the John Ambulance Association and the Southport unit of the 8t. John Ambulance Brigade for their hospitality and the arrangements made for the conference.

Alderman Mawdsley, in acknowledging the resoulution, said the mem bers of th Southport Association were

alway s p:e as e d t o do anyt hi ng th ey could for ambulance w o rk.

Pri o r to the confe rence anum b er of the officers associate d with th e NO.4 D istr ic of the St. John Ambulance Briga d e w e r e e nterta i n ed by th e Mayor (Alderman J. E. W ille t, C B .E , D.L., J.P.).

Our Competition.

OWING t o the lar g e number of e ntries fo r the competiti o n anno unc e d in our l1 st is sue, th e doctors hav e not yet been able t o m a k e th ei r d e c i sion. will be publ shed in our Novemb er i ssu e.

Ambulance Library.

ON Septem b er 30th th e Brit Lsh R e d Cra3s Soc ie ty and Order o f St. J oh n Hospital Lib rary compl et e d the fourt h year of it s a ct ivi t ief'. Th e ye al s agam sh ow a remarkable i n cr ea s e thus demonstratLDg th e contmued growth a n d of th e Special ha s bem paid to all the e x-serVIce s. hospIt a ls t reat m e nt and training cen t res by provldmg them wIth t e chnic a l and vocational text-books. Every request, wh e th e r for a single book or an encyclopredia, has been satisfi ed

During the year 1, 5 hospitals, treatment traini.ng c ent r e s , hospital ships, &c have been wIth lib rari e s an increase of 254 over last year. hls has an output of 220,056 books, maga zines, & c., a n i n cr ea s e of 22, 3 6 8 over th e .yeG..r ..

T he list of donors to the hbrary IS agam headed by H .M. The Q ue e n, who has always taken a warm interest i n t he L i brary since its inc e pti o n. The public has also bee n most generous in these gifts, but great as these g ifts have been, l ar g er and more constant ones are ne e ded, if all th e d e m and s on th e Library are to be met.

Ou r readers are asked to se nd e very book they can sp u e, wh e ther o n fiction, technical subj,ects, or su itable for children, t o the Bntlsh Red Cross Society and O r d e r of S t. J oh n H o spital Library, 4 8 , Q ueen's Gardens, L '3. nc aster Gate, W 2. Sacks wi ll be s e nt for and c a rriage r efunded if d e sired. Should r e ader.s .be WIllIng to distribute among th e ir friends leaflets descnbmg the work o f the Library, will th ey please writ e to th e Secretary, who wi ll gladly send th e m a supply.

I N C ASE O F E MERGEN CY - From an account of a S p o r ts Meet n g in :-" Selections w t r e plaYEd by _ Military Band, and members of St. John Ambulanc e we r e n att e ndance. II

• 5

•

T he S o uth e rn ar e a of the L. M. & S. Railway, held the B:ut ho lomew Cup Competition on October 13 th A cl o s e and int e re sting competition was judged by Dr. Con n o r Ro be rtson, Dr. Corb et Fl e tch e r of Lonoon, and Dr. P e rc iva l of N o rthampton. Broad-street team won the cup b y a small mar gi n over Wolverton.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention "First Ald."

Health Visitors.*

MATERNIT Y and Child Welfare work is as interesting as it is b e cause we realise th a t ther e is so much that remains to be learnt and applied wi th refe rence to it; and it has often struck m e that th e re is one aspect of our work which may well rec e ive fuller consid e ration and treatment, as befits its high itnportance It is an e duc a tional matter and the health visitor is essentially an e juc a t ionalist. The considerable success which she achi e ves is due to this fact and to the favourable c o nditi o ns under which she carries on her mission, vi z., i ndividual instruction, g uided b y a c o m · pl et e knowledge of th e life· c i rc u mstanc e s of those she advis e s, and offe r e d at th e ti me wh€ 11 it i s n e e ded, and therefore most

What is th e goal o f the l a r ge l y edu ca ti o nal work upon which the H eal th V is itor is en gag e d? Is it not the prov i si on of the healtlt}' mind a s well as th e h e althy body, in the future cit ize n ? If ", e n a rrow o ur outlook, and therefore our effo rts, to c o n si derat ions only o f the physical health of th e d e velop; n g c h ild i m p o rtant a s this is, are we not runnin g th e r i, k of oft e n m issi n g this r ea l goal ? A r e we not ov e rlooni ng t h e p r io r n ee ds of t he mOls sana in suc h conc e ntration u po n the corplls sanum ?

In the stage of c i vi l is a t io n to wh ich we h a ve lo n g s ince attain e d the commun i ty n e eds the g oo d ci ti ze n who is at the same time ph y sically h ea lthy, but it doe s not waJlt tile he a lthy J'et u n disciplined bad citizen. Sb a k ':!spe ar e puts into the mouth of S ir John Falstaff this same considerati o n in the sel e ction of soldi e rs-

"Care I for the li mb, the t he we s, th e bulk, and big ass e mbl an ce of a man ? G i ve the spi rit, Master Shallow. "

But p e rhaps th e ch ief ar g u01 tnt for gr e at e r effo rts t o devel o p the healthy mind is th e circumstance that thi s , and thiS alone, will e nsure the h e a l thy body.

On e of the gr e at e st ne e ds of our t e aching an d doin g in the cause of Public is to ke e p our of proportion. The tr o uble is not so much that we ar e teaching and practisin g what is un true or unimportant, but that we do not always acc e ntuat e matters of primary importance and direct our c hi d e n e rgi e s upon th e fundam e ntals. Moreover, we oft e n allow the real evils and the bed -rock cure of th e m, to b e obscured and n e glected by e fforts of t e m p) r a ry am e lioration. It is to what the socia l economist calls" long p e riod r e sults" that we must aim.

Our old-fashioned Ec hool system does too little that i!: deep and p e rm a nent in the training of childr e n, and the school morale de e ::; not improve. Less verbal instruction and more correction of faulty habits and indiscipline is needed. "Th e pow e r of the word al o n e is s light," says a great educationalist, "patient guidance is required, continuous practice a nd l iving e xa mples throughout the whole period of childhood. Learning is first of all a matter of memory, in the best students it becomE S a matter of the understanding- n e ver of the will."

Above all the community needs citiz ens with the developed habits and concern to live wholesome and us e ful lives.

1 he first five years of life are pre-eminently the years of habit-formation and charact er -building ; the e x tension of your duties up to the child s school age has therefore given

* Presi de lltial Addre ss to th e memb e rs of the R oyal Sanita ry I ns titute at the H ull Con gr ess . By Profess or IIenry R. Kenwood, C.M.G., M.B., F.R.S.E., D. P.R. (F ellow).

O c tober, 19 2 3. -FIRST AID.-

to y o u the oPFortunity of consic e rably adding to your great services to the community. Thty are the years during which we may so trim and set the:! sails for the voyage through life that the individual will be carried to the goal of good citi ze nship , no matter what ady e rse winds ar e encount e red ; and if the b e st is not done in these years ho w p o or does th e prmp : ct become!

W e h a ve th e n to regard it as our ch ie f mission to s e cu re the planting of hygienic habits, the foremost of wh ic h is cleanlin e ss of penon and of pr.!ctice, and the selfd isc ipline upon which a hygienic life is depend ent. We shall th us e stablish the sur e st foundations of good charac ter.

A s I c o nceiv e it, th e prime hygienic n e eds of child!'en up to 5 ye ars of a ge are : good nutri tio n and good training. It is to th e latter that I am addressing myself this morning. The wo rk o n these lines is not d Iffi c ult to us, nor is it v ery LX:lC iog. It m ust embrace both Centre work and Home visits-b ut only a fe w special met tings or extra visitf' The p oi nt is a lways to bear the need in mind and to take advan tage of m e eting it on ev e ry availabl e opportunity in the co ur :ie o f our work.

Cel e b rations of Health Week might ", e 'l include one or two ea rly e ve ning me e tings with p lrents o f both s e x<;:'s at whic h lig ht r e freshments will b e followed b y a simple talk upo n h o w cert a in habits dew 1) ped in young childr- n wi ll lea d t o s el f. discipline and so to cha ra c!ergrealtst of all t he endow m en t s they can btS t o'W [(P Oll heir ofJr/,rili.:;

As I h a ve already sugg e sted, the value of instruction and advice gi ve n c o llectively is limited ; it is imp r ss ible to g :l.Uge:! it s vtl.l u e It d o esn't follow th 1t those who appear to be in t elcstt. d a nd informed are indted so, or that they will act e ve n i f th e y are The individual must t e led to act, an d it i s only by lLOllle visits that we can secure that action, u po n the nght lines, is tak e n.

Yo u H ea lth V isitors are constantly influencing the mental it y o f adults and changing their ha Is it not of eve n g r ea ter im p ::> rtance to do your utmost to SEcure th e format io n of g ood hygienic habits, which conduce so much to self- dis c ipl in e and good character, in illfan cy and child, lzood! I t is the gre atest of all work in the interest of pub l ic h e alth; a nd what are the prm pe cts of its ever being do n e if rOlf do no t do it? The parents, left to themselves, ver y oft e n default; and you are more competent and have opportunities for the discharge of this duty than the school -t e ach e rs.

Col. G R. Vine-Fox, M P, tbe Secretary for Mine !' , announces that Mr. E. W. Ravenshear, of the Mine s D e partment, Ius been appointed Secretary to the Mi n e rs' Welfare Committee in the place of Mr. G H. Peyor, who has been appointed Private S : crEtary to the for Mines.

3' e

The Dorchester division held its annual inspection on S e pt e mber q tho Capt. White, the inspecting officer, stat e d that p sometimes said it was absurd to have military discip line and drill for little divisions of 20 or 3 0 , or e ven l : ss, but it had to b: remem bered that they formed plrt of a very big brigade. There had heen times when there b e en parades of from 6, 000 to 15,000 members, and Without discipline and drill it would not be possib!e to hold such parades.

J\mbulance j\(ews euttings.

A N S CAXDAL.

A few days ago a boy fell from the tra iler of a lo r ry in Plumstead H igh Street, and was run over with in a stones s tbrow of the Infirmary. IIe could have been carr ied there in three minutes, yet tbe poli ce would not allow him to be tou c hed unt il the ambulance arrived.

This came on the scene ove r half-an-hour after the accident occurred, and the poor lad h ad been ly ing on the cold p a vement in agony all that t ime. H e d ied shortly after his adm ittance to the infirmary, but who know" tbat h is youn g life m g-ht have been savC'd had he been taken there a t once .f ohn B ull.

F ANCY DR ESS D EAT H.

A woman " death followed a fancy dance whi r- h was held at a village institute near Frome, Somerset. She had g o ne to the dan c e in a costume in whi c h the re was a considerable quantity of cotton wool. At 10. 30 p m. she left to g o horne, tak ing a b icycle lamp to l ;ght her way throu g h a lo ne l y valley.

Her son left the dance later and got home at 1.30 to find that she had not yet arrived. He and h is father went to look for her. In the valley, through which a river runs they found bits of cotton wool, and in the r iv e r, 350 yards away, they found her body. The upper p a rt of her dress wa s burnt and s he had severe burns about the c hest, face, and arms. I is supposed that her dress caught fire from the la m p and that she jumped into the r iv er to put out th e fla mes and was drowned. - D aily /U a £!.

Reviews.

MANUAL OF INSTR U CTION O F T H E ROYAL NA V AL SICK BERTH ST AFF.

By George O. M. Dickenson, M. B London:

H is Majesty ' ,; Stat ioner y Offi ce. P rice 2S. 6 :1., p ost free , 2S I od

THIS Manual seeks to provide a concise and comprehensive textbook for the use of all members of the Si ck Berth Staff in preparing themselves for the various exam i nation for hlg ber ratings, and to promote uniformity of instruction in aval Hospitals. I t covers, therefore. First Aid, that is, the immediate treatment of sick and injured, and also the ir subsequent treatment in hosp itals as far as this is the con ce rn of the nursing attendants.

Throughout the book the author differentiates between First-Aid and surgical treatment wh ich he sets out vel y clearly in consecutive paragraphs, the result being that a ll intell ig ent students can appreciate why and d iffe r en c es between emergency and expert treatment occur. By so doin g , Dr. Dickenson ensures the attainment of his obje c ts, and presents a most useful 11Ia mta l of Ins t ru cti on

The book is well printed on good paper, is exceedingly well set out, and throughout its 500 pages is freely illustrated with some 260 diagrams. It should provide an admirable textbook for those who call for lectures on " A dvanced FirstAid. " I n the Chapter on Asphyxia we note that the autho r out-Schafers Schafer by giving instructions to "place pillow under lower part of chest" and that, follow ing an old- ti me error, he mis-spells the nqme "Silvester."

THE principal object of FIRST AID is to provide instruction and i nter es to all those who are actively engaged in Ambulance WOlk. Towards this object our Query and Practical Points Columns contribute in no mean fashion; and we have again, on behalf of our readers and ours e lves, to tender our most cordial thanks to Dr. Corbet Fletcher {or his continu e d kindness and generosity in taking charge of these columns or in dealing, without fee, with all technical diffi c ulties addressed to us.

In the year just completed the Qucry Columns h as established a new r e cord, no less than 141 problems havin g been submitt t d to and solved by the doct o r. It is to note that these queries cov e red the wh o le ran ge of the subj : ct, and were rec ei l ed from all PI lts o f the Empire. The Practical Points Column, in which 2 G reports have been isme d, m aintai ns its popularity while the Ambulance News C olum n, started last OctO){r, has provided it e ms which are of c ( nsiderable inttrest and should prove us e ful in setting out tests for th e practice classes 0: Divisions.

* * *'

The issue of "Industrial Manageme :l t/ dated the 6th instant, contains an article runn ing to about a page and a half on "The advantage of an ambulanCe class. " The writer, Mr. Eric Simons, emplllsises the importance and advantages of a trained ambulance class in works and factories, and explains how a class should be organised [or this purp03e. This is r=ally sign ifi:ant. When a hurnal primali ly devoted to wOlb ollnagement gives priOrIty of place to an article d ealing with the su b j ct, it shows that at long last this important subj : ct is rrceiving the att e nti o ll that it merits.

Mr S mons s a ys, illfer alia that "Every encouragement should be given o emp' oyees to take up ambulance work. To trust to the enthusiasm of a few men who may take the trouble to acqu ;re their traini:1g outsid€', or to tl:. t... of one or two who may ha\e rud training a lready, is a sh o rt cut to fa ilure." He ad js "Th e re must be a constant influx of trained ambulance workers to counterb a lance the equally c onstant outgo'ngs du :! to changes of employment, deaths, illness, and so forth. " *

An Internation al Committee of experts on industrial hygiene, appointed to assist the Int e rnational Labour Office of the League of Nations 10 dealing with questions affecting the health of the workers, m e t in GeL e v a on September 13th. The Committee, which was set up in accordance with a resolution adopted by the Int e rnationa l Labour Conference at Washington in 1919, is comp o s ed of medical insp ectors of factori e s and others possessin g and scientific knowledge of industrial hygiene, drawn from about a doz en countries, and including Dr. T. M Lc gge (Chief Medical Inspector of Fa ctories Home Office), and Dr. S. Miall (Director of the Brimsdown Lead Co . Ltd) . The Committe e on two questions :-

(r) The protection flom anthra x of workers engaged in the handling of hides and skins

(2) The compil a tion of a list of the principal industrial to be consid e red as unh e althy.

October, 19 2 3 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

TliE ST. JOliN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Supplement.

Appointments, Etc.

SEPTEMB.c:R, 1923.

The Chi of Commissioner has sanctioned the following appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

PRINCE OF "VALES'S DISTRICT.

Enfield Division.-Lady Supt. Mrs. Peabody res ig ned, 3 10 2 3 London Post Office Corps, o. 58 2 ( North \Vestern Dist lir. Office Dlvlslon.-Sergt. Edward C lar idi5e Humphery to b e Ambulan c e Offic.er, 129 23

::\0. 7 ( Toynbee Hall ) Dlvision.-Hector Graham Gordon

M a ckeDlle, B.S.O , M.D., to b e Divisional S urgeon, 1.10.23

2 DI ST RICT.

Corps Supt. John Sealey Cox to be District Officer for So merset, ]0 9 :!3

We s ton -S u per - :'.lare Corps ( Weston-Super-Mar e Division).

-J ohn Paxton, L R. C .P., L.R.C.S, to be Divisional Surgeon, 16.9.13

Weston Supcr-:'.Tare Corps Weston-Super-Mare Nursing

Di vi s ion -Lady Supt. :\lrs. Shorn e y resigned, 269.23

N O.3 DI STRICT.

Manchester Corps -Supt. John Ed ward Matthews to be Co rps Offi cer, 6.10.23

Dudley and District Corps ( Tipton Parish Division).Ambulance Officer Eli Lakin to be Divisional Supt., 6.9.23

Leicester Corps ( Sargant ursing Division).-Lady Ambulance Officer M. resigned, 11.1 I.23

Northampton Corps ( Towc ester Nursing Division).-Lady S upt. K. Percival transferred to the Brigad e Reserve with effect from 22.923

Peterborough Division.-Divisional Surgeon and S upt. Perry \Valker transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 2.10.23

Wellingborough Corps (Wellingboroug h Nursing DivislOn ).-DlVlsional Surg eon Dr. \Vatson transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 14 923

NO·4 DISTRICT.

Blackpool Nursi n g Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer G. Hedley reSigned, 3. 10 2 3

Burnley Dlvlslon.-Sergt. Char:es Smith to be Ambulance Officer, 4 923 Po rt Sunlight Division.-Harold Omega Rothery to be Ambulance Officer, 199 23

William Austin Fitzpatrick to be Ambulan c e Offi c er, ]9 9. 2 3

Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer May Llddlard to be Lady Divisional Supt., 27 8.23 Division.-Joseph Henry Rowan, l\f. B., B.Ch., to be DIVISional Surgeon, 4.9. 2 3 NO·5 DISTRICT.

Brodsworth Main Corps (B rods worth Nursing Division ) -Ambulance Sister Lilian Greensmith to be Lady Corps Officer, 3.9. 23

Ambulance Sister El iz a Brown to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 3.9.23

Ambulance Sister Janet Whyte-Macdonald to be Nursing Officer, 3.2.23

Barby Nursing Division.-Lady Supt. C. Holgate resigned, 18.9.2 3

Goole Division.-Supt. C. Batley tran s fe rrrd to the Hull Corps, No.6 Distr ic t, 26 2.23

Hanley and District Corps (Bursl em Division).-Sergt.

W illia m Henry Gater to be Ambulan c e Officer, 39. 2 3

Huddersfield Corps (H uddersfield Railway Dlvision ).-

D ivisional Surgeon A. L. Walker resigned, 3.10.23

Rotherbam Corps.-Corps Surgeon J. Riddell transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 12. 9. 23

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Derwent Valley Corps (Cons ett and District Division ).-

Murde Duncan Mackenzie, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 233.23

Robert McElroy, L.R.C.S.&P., to be Divisional Sur g eon, 23.3.23, vice Divisional Surgeons J. Mayne and Murray.

Hull Corps ( North West D ivi s io n ).-S er gt. Thomas Booth Whitehead to be Divisional Supt., 18 9 .2 3

Hull Corps (Pi er Division ) -H end rik Goodman Wildeboer, L.R.C.P.&S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 6.9.23

Scarborough Nursing Div ision.- D ivisional Surgeon E. Libbey resigned, 25.9 23

South Shields Police D ivi s ion.-Charles :\Iarks, M.B., B.S , Divisional Surgeon, 3.IO.23

NO.8 DI STRICT

Brighton Police Division.-Disbandment order withdrawn, 28.9. 2 3

Folkestone Divis io n.-Jess ie Boulton to be Divisional Supt., 7.2.23

Hastings D ivi sion. -Divisional Surgeon G. R. Bruce transferred from No.6 District, 3.IO.23

Isle of Sheppey Nursing Div ision. - Lady Supt. Mrs. Sto-:ker transferred to the Brigade Reserve, ] 3 8.23 Maidstone Division.-Supt. P. Hawkes to be transferred to the Bri ga de Reserve, 7.9 23

Reigate Corps ( Redhill Divis io n ). -D ivisional Surgeon D. l\lallam resigned, 20.9.23

Ambulance Officer G. Norman transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 1.8 .23

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Borough of Plymouth Corps. - Lady Corps Supt. 1\1rs. J. Vellacott resigned, 11.1 0.2 3

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Divisional Surgeon and Supt. Thomas Herbert Goodman

M.R.C.S., to be County Surgeon, 249.23

Ipswich Corps. - Archibald Hunter Wallace Moffatt to be Corps Officer, 21.9.23, vice Corps Officer J. Curtis transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 13 8.23.

Ipswich Corps ( Broadwater Nursing Division ).-Ambulance Sister Minnie L. B ines to be Lady Ambulan c e Officer, 30 .7. 2 3

No. 11 DISTRICT.

London Bridge Nursing Division. -Am bulan c e Sister Winifred Pugh to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 18.9.2 3

- FIRST AID & THE ST. jOtIN AMBULANCR GAZETTE.- October, 192

MaidstoneDivision.-Herbert Southey, M.R.C.S.,L.R.C.P .. to be Divisional Surgeon, 19.9.23

No. 12 DISTRICT.

Andrew John McWilliam to be District Officer, I.IO.23, vice District Officer A. Moore transferred to the Brigade Reserv e.

Lady District Officer M. Po e tramferred to the Brigade Reserve, I. 10 23

Ball inasloe Nursing Division.- John Mills, M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O., to be Divisional Surgeon, 20923

NEW DIVISIONS, &c. Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :-

PRINCE OF 'vVALES'S DISTRICT.

No. I (C hildren's Home) Nursing Divlsion.- -Re-named No. (Stoke Newington) Division, 28.9 .23

No. 6..j. (St. Pancras Y.M.C.A.) DlvislOn.-Re-named No.

6.+ (K entish Town ) Division, 20.923

NO .4 DISTRICT.

Dukinfield Cadet Nursing Division -Sanctioned, ..j. 10 23

Gorton Nursing Divisiun.- Sanctioned, 5. ro 23

No. 5 DISTRICT.

Staveley Works Division.-Sanctioned, 5.9 .23

No. 6 DISTRICT.

Eston Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 31.8.23

Hetton-Ie Hole Cadet Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 199 2 3

Stroud Nur.;ing Division .- -Disbl nded, 11. 1023

NO.9 D IST RICT.

Plymouth Central Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 20.9.23

DEATHS.

Corps Surgeon Colonel E. Lee, V.D., J.P., Dewsbury Corps, 18.9.23

JAMES R. A. CLARK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

Florence Nightingale.

TO -DAY that name is like a melody of a far-off time-a me lody We heard in the remotest days of childhood, Florence Nightingale!

It comes o'er the ear like the s,,"eet South, St{a1ing and giving odour.

It has pel fumed the }ears with th e fragr ance of gracious d ee ds. I have sometim {; s idly speculated on the strange fortuity of names, on the perfect echo of the name to the deed-Shakespeare, Milton, Wordsworth, Tennyson!

Why is it that the world's singers come heralded with these significant names? And O ;iver Cromwell and John Churchill and Horatio Nel£On! Why, thue is the roar of the guns and the thund e r of great d e;ds in the very accent of their names. And so with the heroines of history, t.he Grace D.uling; and the Florence Nightingales. One almost se;s in the litter case events carefully avoiding the commonplace and shaping a lustrous name for the wearer. For her mother was named Smith, the dlughter of that William Smith, the famous philanthropist, and m;mber for Norwich, who fought th; battle of the Dis>enters in Parliament and was one of the of th e anti-slavery movement. And her father was named Shore, and only

assume:i the name of Night ing lIe with the estates that made him a wealthy man. "A rose by any other name, " no doubt. But the world is grateful for the happy accident that gave it "Florence Nightingale. "

It is a name full of delicate reminisence, like the smell of lavender in a drawer, calling up memories of those frc m whose lips we first heard the story of "The L1.dy with the Lamp."-A. G. Gardiner, in "Pr C'pJets , Priests and

fetters to the &ditor.

We are in n" way resft: sible !"r (lte "pinions expressed, "r the statements made, b, Con espondmts.-EDITOR.

AN AMBULANCE LEAGUE.

DEAR Sm

As an ambulance man I attend weekly classes, al;o as many competitions as possible during summer, but during the winter months I think we seem to get a bit stale in Our work, as we have no division in the district, and there IS nothing to keep us up to the mark in our work, so this is why thiS letter is sent to you to ask your advice.

My idea is this. Do you think it possible to form an ambulance league , the same as the footb all and other sports.

Say, for in,tan ce, neighbouring teams round about this district if formed into a league, could on a Satul day afternoon, and compete, then the points added up for a given period, the winner to gain two points. Let the teams who enter pay entrance fee, say 55., which would pay doctol's fees for semi-finals, and for the qualifying rounds some good ambulance man could judge; of course, one unknown to either competing team.

Ambulance men ne'!d something like this to keep them together, as ambulance work seems to be more necessary every day.-Yours, et c.,

NURSING

S ISTE RS UN l FORtl1.

DEAR SLR,- Your ancient, bald· headed bachelor corresp ond ent, who IS also "An Admirer of the S.J.A.B.", obsel ved the change in the nurse5 ' unitorms.

1 see no cause to regret the p assing, if it be of the demure, Victorian, Florence Nightingale style, with its head gear a poor protection to our samples of climate, and a cloak that pinned the arms when any real duty was required, other than figuring about in picluresq ue attitudes.

One would have thought that fifty months of world wide war experience had knocked the bottom out of that kind of thing. -Yo urs, &c.,

E. J. R.

EXPOSURE OF SIMPLE FRACTURE.

SIR,-In reply to your correspondent H. C. (K entish Town) in your last issue of FIRST AID, I should like to ask him two questions ;-

I. Why did he as a "First-Aider " fail to give assistance while waiting for the ambulance to arrive?

2. How did he know it was a palpable simple fracture without examining the patient ?-Y ours, &c.,

C. A. B. Stratford, E.

The ,. PLUMBER. &. JOURNAL OF HEATING" (IS. monthly) is THE paper for all progressive wen.-Publishing Office: -46, Cannon Street, E.C 4.

O:>tober, 1923. -FIRST

The League of Mercy.

By MARK Y. SELF, Vice President, JVanderers Brandl, League oj .AlerC)'.

I T is a golden rule that a First-Aider's duty does not end until bis pat ie nt has been removed to home or hospital. With seriolls cases this rule is usually translated as removal to hospital, where prompt medical attention by day or night is always available. It follows, therefore, that FirstAiders have a sp Ecia l interest in the welfare of hospitals and in any organisation which is devoted to this purp)se.

The King Edward's Hospital Funj has, since its foundation in ] 89 7, collected subscriptions from the general public and distributed the monies received among the voluntary ho spitals chiefly in the London area; and t h; hospital officials, on their part, supply in return annual tl!;>orts with details of exp;nditure and properly audited

Alb.-

t3.ined. In adjition to this, they have allotted a further fi ve thousand four hundred pounds to extra-Metropolitan hospitals during 1922, t?e t.otal dis:ribJted to hospitals by th L-;:ague SlnCe ItS foundatIOn haVIng reached the splendid total of almost four hundred thousand pounds.

Readers of FIRST A ID took interest in the League when in 19 q Colonel R. J Blackham, whose successful efforts in India for the Order of St. John are well known, inaugurated the Wanderers Branch of the League, amongst th,. members of which are to be found many keen ambulance men and women. This comparatively small in 1922 collected over eighty pounds. a tot9.1 which could be vastly increased if other First-Aiders would take an active interest in, and members of, the League of Mercy, membership of which only requires that all will seek to persuade twenty others to subscribe at least one shilling per annum to the League. To those who shun the task of asking for subscriptions, collection boxes offer a waY - JJt, which produces useful results, and may be

Method of Transporting Iniured Miners in U.S

accounts By this meam, the public has some measure of control over their hospitals.

To suppnrt this Fund, the League of Mercy-which is a foundation of the Order of Mercy-was established in 18 99, and has sinc e its inception sought to create a personal interest in the voluntary hospitals aruong,t the general public, and to stimulate their more generous efforts in this direction. Th':! League acts on the that, if many give small sums regularly year by year, the annu:ll total will be considerable and prove of r eal help to the hospitals. Time has proved the wisdom of the scheme; and the system of voluntary hospitals still finds support among the majority of thinking men and wom en.

In their rep)rt for the year 1922 the sup:!rior officers of the League of Mercy tell us that, in spite of difficult tim es, they have collected and handed over to the King Edward's Hospital Fund some fifteen thousand pounds, whereby the yearly average of recent years has been main-

A. Coa lfields.

obtained, free of cost, from any officer of the Wander rs Branch, or direct from the Secretary of the L elg u C' The Order of S t. John has found scope for humanitarian work in modern times. Similarly, the Order of Mercy, which is bas e d on historic precedents dating back to 1218, is the outcome of a pressing need of th e se present days. Many find p !e asure in working under the banr:ers of both Orders and who would lik :: to do so can o':>tain more complete d etails by addressing thlir enquiries to me, care of the Editor of FIRST AID.

The COiPS has now obtained for headquartus the Rechabites Hall, Dover-street, Leicester. '3 e

The n<;!wly-formed High Wycombe division h::!ld its first annual dinner on 27th, when friends and supporters were invited. Dr. Parker, the divisional superintendent presided.

G. F.

PRIORY FOR WALES.

Brigade News.

APPOINTMENTS SEPTEMBER, 1923.

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Ambulance Committee :-

CARMARTHENSHIRE CENTRE.

Nantymoel Division.-Acting Supt. William Williams, to be Divisional Supt., 24.923.

MONMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE.

Marine Colliery Division. - John Falcuner McQueen L.M.S.S.A. ( London), to be Divisional Surgeon, 24.9. 23.

Pontllanfraith Railway Div.-Charles Gorden Mackay, M.B.Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon (Probationary), 24.9 23.

DOROUGH OF RHONDDA CENTRE.

Tydraw Division.-Ernest Mayer Neville, M.D., to be DivisIOnal Surgeon (Probationary), 249.23.

ABERDARE CENTRE.

Abercynon Nursing Division.-Nora Griffith, M.B., B.Ch., to be Lady Divisional Surgeon, 24923.

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Commissioner for Wales :-

CARlIIARTHENSHIRE CENTRE.

Trimsaran Division.-Private Stanley Theodore Foke3, to be Corporal, 13:9.23.

GLAMORGANSHIRE CE:\TRE.

Nantymoel Division.-Acting Ambulance Officer Evan Enoch, to be Ambulance Officer, 18.923; Private David Thomas Jone5, to be Sergeant, 18.923; Private Evan John Roberts, to be Corporal, 18 9.23 ; Divisional Secretary, John Isaac, to be Divisional Secretary and Sergeant, 18.9.23.

Ogmore Vale Division.-Acting Sergeant George Barnett, to be Ambulance Officer, 11.923; Corp!. Thomas H. Bennett, to be Sergeant, 11.9.23; Private David J. Samuel, to be Corporal, 11.9 23.

MON:\IOUTHSHIRE CENTRE.

Pontllanfraith Railway Division. - Private Eno Frank Payne, to be Divisional Storekeeper, 21.9.23; Private John Williams, to be Divisional Treasurer, 21 923; Private William Edward Steele, to be Divisional Secretary, 21.9 23.

BOROUGH OF MERTHYR TYDFIL CENTRE.

Fochriw Division.-Private David Jones to be Divisional Storekeeper, 21.923.

BOROUGH OF RHONDDA

Tydraw Division.--Private Thomas Enfield, to be Div. Secretary, 12 923; Private Edwin Jones, to be Divisional Treasurer, 12.9.23; Private William H. Evans, to be Divisional Storekeeper, 12.9.23.

BOROUGH OF SWAN S EA CENTRE.

Div. Surgeon, Hubert Hope Thomas, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S. (Ed.), L.S.A. (London), to be Sub.-Commissioner, 13.9.23. NEW DIVISION.

Divisions sanctioned during the month of August :-

GLAl\IORGANSHIRE CENTRE.

Cwm Colliery Nursing Cadet Division, 12.9.23.

General Interest.

AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

During the month of Septem ber {X lminations in First Aid, Home Nursing and Home Hygiene have been conducted by the Priory in connection with the following classes :-Saron, Pontardulais G W R.\ Llanbradach, Newport, and Lendon, Midland and Railway Junior.

With the recommencement of t he winter season, classes are forming in great numbers, and it is interesting t'J note that the juvenile enthUSIasm displayed has made it necessary for the Borough of Newport Centre to irnp')se a condition limiting the number of students in each Cadet class to sixty.

THE UNION Ob NORTH A 'D SOUTH.

It is tru ly said unity is stl engtb. To preserve its national charac:er an crg a n isati o n must be rf'presentative of, and cater for, the ne:::ds arising from every p:Ht of a nation. Occasionally c.ne heaTS implications that the Priory foils in this respect. It is not s..,. Its popularity is at present certainly m o re largtly establ ished in South Wales than in the North, but thiS is not by reason of any fdilure in its constit u -ion. It is an organisation still in the making. Alreldy one scarc e ly takes up his daily newspaper Wi thout rEading of its active e x ;sttnce in the southern countie!", where the thicklY -;:>opulated areas haw mad e i ts advantages and btnefits keenly appreciated. ow attention is extended to the north. The varying interests and conditions have been carefully considered and e very eITort is being made to enthuse the p:ople of th e No r th With the d e sire to become attached to the Nat ional Ambulance Organisation, and" ith the united supp::>rt of N orlh and South the future of the Priory will be a complete and abiding

During the last week in Octobtr meetings arc being held at Chester and Wrexham, when it is hoped to establish influential committees in those Counties which have not yet been opened up and to ele c t cent re c.fficers for the; County of Flintshire.

Recently the Right Hnn. Lord Kylsant, G C.M G. (Sub-Peior), has approved the appointment of Lldy Howard de Walden to the Presidency of the Denb:ghshire County Centre, which has giv.m general satisfaction t) all in the district. The Priory has been fortunate in acquiring the services of splendid workers in this County. Colonel Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, But., c.B., who is the President has given much assistance and has allowed the Competition to be held in the beautiful grounds of " Wynnstay," providin/5 hospitalIty and encouragement to the competitorf. The office of chairman is held by Mr. James A. Darlington, ofChirk, a worthy successor of the late Dr. J. D. Lloyd, a most enthusiastic and devoted member of the Order. With this new app)intment of Howard de Walden the Centre will have a full complement of influential and i.ntercsted Executive officers, which is the fundamental baSIS of a successful centre.

SPECIAL AMBULANCE DUTY.

One is not asked in these days what is the meaning of First Aid in civil life? The attendance of the ambulance

October, 1923. -FIRST

IIleD and nurs;:,s is now so frequent that the arrancyements of any public show or function would seem without their appearance, and even in the theatres we are noW accustomed to the presence of uniformed members of the St. John Ambulance Bligade. With the wise decision of the management of the Park Hall CInema, Cardiff, on its re·opening on September 24th, to arrange for members to attend their evening per(orm3.nces, almost all the entertainment houses in Cardiff have first·aid attencants on duty.

Rotas of duty will be prepare d by Divisional Supt. J. r. Pepperell, Divisional Supt. \Y. H. Johnson, Lady Divisional Sup'. Miss A. Fletch pr "nd L1.dv Divisional Supt. Mrs M. A. P. Tyndall, ufficers-in-charge of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions in the City of Cardiff This pr a ctice has now been adopted in Swansea and Newport and many of the large towns in WalES, and although it was at first thought that their halls were too well ventilated to make such provision necesc;ary, th:! various managements a nd public g e nelully are grateful for the rendered.

The ambulance arrangements in connection with the

AI D.-

Brynna Division in charge of Ambulance Cfficer J. W. ATscott at Cowbridge on S !ptember on the occasion of the Vale of Glamorgan Agricultural Show. Owing to the weather cDnditions the crowd was not so great as was anticiplted, and little was required of tre ambulance men, but the Secretary of the Show, Mr. J. Yorath, F. A !., was "ery satisfied with their preplredness for any call that might be made upon them.

---._.--Centre Reports.

CAlIIARTHENSHIRE CENTRE.

On Saturday, zmd, the Right Hon. V)rd Kylsant, G.C MG., Cnairman of the C1.rmarthenshire presided at a given at the Stepney Arms Hotel, Llanelly, by the Officers of the Carmarthens hire Centre of the Priory in honour of their Commissioner Surgeon Lieut.-Col. Evans, T D., B.A, M.B.E S (Can tab.), F. R.C.S. (Eng), on his promotion to t he grade of Knight

Cwm Colliery Ambulance Cadet Division-Established III March of this year. Cadet Officer, J. J. Williams.

Cardiff and South Wales Hors e Show held in Cardiff on September IIth, 12th and 13th were carried out by the Priory. A fully-equipped first-aid tent was erected in the fi eld, and members of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions in the City of Cardiff C<:ntre reported for duty at 10 30 a.m. each day. Several cases of minor injuries were efficiently dealt with, and it was interesting to Dote the readiness with which the Boy Scouts aSRisted the nurses in obtaining hot water and helping in their usual willing way. An attractive feature of the ambulance arrangements was the provision of one of the Peior y's Motor Ambulance can which was stationed on the field in case of emergency. The up·to-date first-aid appliances with which the car was fitted was a source of interest to the many spect:l.tou.

Ambulance duty was also rendered by members of the Tonyrefail and Coedely Divic;ion under the command of Ambulance Offictr Arthur DJ.vies and members of the

of Grace of the Order. Amongst these present were the Hon. George Coventry, Amroth Castle; Dr. and Mr!'. Evans; Dr. D. D. Evans, Westcliffe on·Sea Col. W. N. Jones Mr. W. W. Brodie; Mr. Evan Jor:e3, J.P., TrimMr. D. F. Davies, Cross Hands; Dr. Samuel WIlliams, Dr. Sydney Williams, L1anelly; Dr. Morns, Ma'dy; Dr. Clutterbuck, Peogro(s; }Jr. Gnffilhs, Cross Hands; Dr. Dunbar Ammanford' Dr: Jean Dr. and M:f. Ligertwcoj,' Tllmsaran; Sub·CommlsslOner E. D. and Mrs. Jones; Staff Officer Ge?rge Robliogs, Ponthenry; Lady Staff Officer M. BrodIe, Uanelly; Corps Supt!". W. Morgan (Llanelly); H. Mainwaring (C.ross Hands), T. D. Jenkins Corps S(cretaTl.es T. J. Williams (Llanelly), T· R. DaVies (Tumble), B. Rlchard s. (Llandebie); Corps Treasurer M. Edwards, L1aoelly; DIVISIOnal Suptf. W. H. Webb and E D. Jenkins, L1anelly; Edgar Thomas, Llwynhendy ar:d Thomas; M. Llandebie' D , ,.

Harriec;, Trimsaran M. Morgan, Tumble; L'ol.dy Supt· Bertha Price, Llanelly; Ambulance Officers A. Hayward, R. Dych and C. B. Millar, Llanelly; D. Cross Hands Mr. G. L:!wis, Cardiff Mr. Torn Harry, Llanelly; Mr. Ivor Wi lliams. Trimsaran; Sir Herbut Lewis (Com. mission er for Wales).

A letter of apologv was read from His Worship the Mayor (Alderman Joseph Rob::rts, J.P.) and many other congratul?tory messages.

royal toasts were proposed by Lord Kylsant and heartily rtsponded to. In pro{:oiing the toast of Cc10nel Evans, L'Jrd K) hant said, "I have known Dr. Evans for many years and realise the work has dont: in this county in relief of distress and on behalf of am bulance and of the Priory for Wales, and we are all delighted that recognition of fervices has betn grant Ed by his being created a Koight of Grace of the Order which distinction all wi I 3gree he well deserver. You have all doubtless witnessed the ambulance champ onship competitions which have been held afternoon, and were profoundly impr cSled, a') I was, with the skill and proficiency by the members, both men and of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in this county. "

Col. Evans, in thanked the Chairman for the kind referenCes made to him:;elf, and thanked the g lthering for the hearty manner in which they had rec eived tne toast. He also wished to thank the ambulanCe officers from all parts of the of Carmarthen for their kind th o ught in honouring him that eve ninf.

., The Carmarthenshire Centre" was proposed by Sir Lewis, K. B.E who referred to the rapid strides made in the County of Cumarthen since t1- e formation of the PriOlY with Colonel Evans as Co:nmissioner. Special mention was made of the creditable work done in this county curing the Great W ar and to t h splendiJ I=L'gress of the Motor Ambulance Tramp :rt Service.

Sub-Commissi one r E. D. Jon e; and Miss M. Brodie responded to this toast. Dr. Glanville Morris, Colonel W. N. Jones and Me. W. W. Brodie respo:1ded to the toast of" The Visitors" prcPJsed by Mr. George Roblings.

A very enjoyable evening concluded with an interesting musical programmf'.

Very keen enthusiasm was displayed li.t Llanelly in the Ambulance Conte:;ts which took place on the afternoon Slturday, 22nd September, in the of the Right Hon. L'Jrd Kylsant, G.C.M.G., accompanied by L3.dy Kylsant. The" Kylsant" Shield, presented by Lady Kylsant for competition by teams of ambulance men in the County of Carmarthen was first competed for, and of the eight teams who entered for this coveted and much admired trophy Cross Hands was successful. The result of the adjudication, by Dr. Glanville Morris, Rhondda, Dr. Owen Evam, Pontardawe, and Dr. Hubert Thomas, Swansea, was :-

ut Cross Hands 20 7 points

2nd G W .R. NO.1 " 3 rd Llanelly Town No. I ]

4th Llanelly Town NO.2 137

5 th Llanelly Police NO.1 134 "

6th Lla[elly Police No.2 13 0

7 th Llandebie 115

G.W.R. No.2 10 3

The" Ladies" Cup, p-esented by Sub Commissioner E. D. J ones, open to nuning teams in the county, was won hy Llanelly Town w:th a total number of 170 points. The only other competitrrs in this contest (the Cefneithin t,:,am) gained I04 points.

AID.- October, J 923.

In the competition for th e " Studt)) shield the following awards were made :-

1St Llanelly Ladies points

2nj Llanelly Police (Sgt. Evan s) 134

3rd L'anelly Police(P.C.Phillips) 130 "

Individual prizes were awarded to Corp, Supt. H. Mainwaring and Miss Harries for the viva voce tests.

Lord Kylsant, in acknowledging a hearty vote of thanks, proposed by Sub Commissioner E. D. Jones, said, "The work of the Priory is r e cognised as one of the useful and beneficent institutions in our national life and has found a warm place in the hearts of the people of Wal e!".

In no county is there greater keenness in perfecting the organisation than in Carmarthenshire, wher e th e effiCIency of the B,igade, under our ze3.lour County C'Jmmis,ioner. Dr. Evans, is very high, as has been cemonstrated this afc e mo ::m. We. are proud of this great organisation t:..-e' ready to render succour and assistance to fellow humanbeing; in nef'd and distress, and the comp tt tions which have taken place to-day gave us all the satic;raction of knowing that th3re is such an efficient and bent-ficf n: organisation existing in Wales for the Sf rvice o f mankind.

Lady Kylsant congratulated the win nin.s teams on their excellent exhibition of work and made the presentation!'.

GL<\ r.rORGANSH IRE CENTRE.

Considerable interest was taken in the annual comp(tition whicn took place on September 29'.h at Pontyclun by m of the Pon ty pridd Sub Distnct for the Challenge Shield, Rose Bowl and the "Washington Evans" Cup. Dr. Glanville Morris, Mardr, and Dr. Edgu Llewellyn, Cardiff, judged in the ambu a1ce and gave their awards as under;-

October, 1925. -FlltST

Ambulance Divi3ions; the Llanharan, Great Western Colliery and Cwm Divisions, and th e Cwm Colliery Cadet Ambulance and Nursing Divisions. The smart appearance of these recently es tablished Cadet Divisions was highly interesting to th e many spectatol5, and reflected great credit on their officers-rn -charge.

The mtmbers of L'Jughor Division held a very successful Social and Presentation meeting on 29th when over one hundred persons were present, amongst whom were Dr. Urban Marks, for the Borough of Swansea Centre, Capt. T. E. Richards, Commissioner for the Borough of Rhondda Centre, Mr.E. D. JoneS, Sub ommissioner of the Carmarthenshire Centre, and many other Brigade officers. The remarks of the speakers were full of enc(uragement to the members of the newly-formed Loughor Division to work hard for the development of thtir Division and the honour of the Brigade.

The Annual of the Bridgend and District Corps was conducted at Brynmenin on September 22nd by Captam T. E. Richards on behalf of the Commissioner for Wales. Captain Richards was assisted by Lady Lewis, O. B.E., D puty L1.dy Superintendent (or Dr. S. Gl.imdle Morris o( the Borough of Rhondda Centrt>, and Staff Officer Captain S T. Beard, O. B. E., Monmouthshire Centre.

The Caerphilly and DistIict Corps held the annual cJrnpetition for Mrs. Riches Cup on September 22nd Llanbradach. Dr. R. D. Thoma" of Taff Well, adjudicated and made the following awards :Points.

Ist.-Caerphilly Ladies...

2nd.-Caerphilly G.W.R 68-

3 rd .-Caerphilly Division

4 th .-Llanbradach DivisiGI1

5th.-Sengh::nydd

Robf"rtson, of Llanbradach, presented the cup to tIE. M. C. Carter, the Captain of the winning team, aDd hearty votes of thanks were accorded to Mrs Robert:ion and Dr. Thomas for their assi5tance.

AiD.A GREAT FIRST AID AID. TO

A WORK that justifies its claim to be an epitome of all that specialised medical and surgical knowledge nEcessary for First Aiders, as well as an authoritative manual or rEference on all information relating to Health and DiSEase, is a work to be welcomed by all our readers who wish to study their subject more deeply than is possible from superficial text books.

In "The Modern Physician," by Dr. Andrew Wilson, fullest space is devoted to "First Aid" and Ambulance Work. In respect of completeness, accuracy of description and wealth of illustration, "The Modern PhysiCian" stands without a rival amongst the works published on this important subject. It is scientifically accurate and reliable without being dull; the name of its editor, so long and popularly known as an expositor of Health laws and a teacher of Hygiene, is a guarantee of this. This work is absolutely complete as regards Health and Disease.

THE HEALTH AND DISEASES OF WOMEN.

One of the most important features is the large section dealing with the Health and Diseases of 'Women and Children. The value of this will be obvinus to every woman, and particularly to every mother of a fam ily.

All the details which are necessary for a mother to know in respect of feed ing the infant, clothing it, and recognising its more common ailments, will be found detailed in the pages of this work.

THE FAMILY MEDICINE CHEST.

Another important feature of "The Modern Physician' is the section ent itl ed "The Family Medicine Chest, ann \\ "hat it Should Contain." This forms a corr plete guide to a knowledge of the principles and U5es of the more common drugs used in the treatment of diseases. It includes a long series of prescript ions by famous physicians, which can be used for all the common minor ailments.

The Maritime team therefore won tte shitlj fur lle second year.

The Nursing Competitions were ver y keenly contested, and Dr. R Baird Milne, Commission or for the Aberdar:! Centre, and Dr. 8. Glanvi ll= Moni), BJrough Surgeon, Rbondda Centre, gave their aw.uds as follows ;-

Annual C'Jmpttitions were held on SI ptember 22nd by the Aberavon Corps. The" Talbot Fletcher" Sbield for the second won by a team from the Kenfig Hill Ambulancf. Division, and the Blldwin's Inter-Colliery Challenge Cup was again won by another team from this Division. The Nursing Divisions competed for the NUlsing and l1e "County Furnishing Company" shlelds for tfficitncy in First Aid and Home Nursing which were both won by the Kenfig Hill Nursing Division.

COOKERY FOR INV ALIOS.

It includes many economical recipes for making little known but extremel y nourishing foods for the sick and the convalescent.

A FEW OPINIONS.

Mr. J. DANIEL, Kent Avenue, Ashford, writes:" Its all· round excellence makes it a valuable acquisition. The section dealing with ambulance work is especially good The Look is written in splendid style and the illustrations are first rate. The method of payment places it within the reach of all."

Lady Lewis, in making the presentation to the nursing sections, emphasised the importance of the pr acti cal side of the work.

The Commissioner of Wales presented the shield to the Maritime and Penrhiw team, pointing out the marked increase in the strength of the Brigade since the year 19 8, and drawing attention to the continuous extension and development which was apparent in all the activities of the Pricry.

The silver cup given by Dr. Washington Evans for individual competition was won by L'3.nc;: Corporal John Hobbs, a member of the successful Maritime Division. There was a splendid attendance at the inspection of the Ambulance and Nursing Units in the Pontypridd SubDistrict by the Commissioner for Wales, hEld on September 29th, including the Tonyrefail and Coedely, the Great Western Colliery, Maritime and Penrhiw, and Brynna

BOROUGH OF N EWPORT CENTRE.

The annual dinner of the Newport High Street Combmed Class was celebrated at the Great Weatern Railway Inst.itute on Sept em ber 24th, "hen a large gathering was preslded over by Mr. R. G. Ireland, supported by His Worship, th e Mayor (Co uncillor Edward Davies), Messrs. R. NLcholls (Supe rintendent of the Line) J. F. Lean (AsSlS.tant General Manager), W. H. Blackall (Divisional Engineering D. partment), F. G. Wainwnght (DIvisional Superintendent, Cudiff Division) W. G. Cbapman (Centre Secretary, F, G. Ball (0ffice of Superinof Line), G. Campbell Oliver (Commissioner for the. Borough of New por t Centre), W. H. Roherts (Hon. Chlef Clerk), C. Hopkins (Class Instructor), S. Elms (Class Secretary), Dr. Rufus Thomas, the Commissiomr (or Wales, and others.

Certificates, vouchers, medallions and labels were presented by Mr. R. H. Nicholls to 83 members, and Mr.

Mr. C. L. TALBOT, Enthiron Road, Fulham, .S. W., writes:"The 'Modern Physician' i3 an excellent work and indisf.lensable to the home. I am exceedingly pleased with it."

Mr. C. 1\1. LEWIS, Teynham, near Siltlngbourne, writes:"The' Modern Physici an' mOle tban comes up to my expec alions. It certainly is a work \\' orthy of the highest possible praise. "

A FREE 80 KLET.

TO THE CAXTON PUBLISHING COMPANY, LTD. 150, SURREY STREET, LONDON, \V.C.2. Please send me, FREE OF CHA RGE and wilboutany obligation on my pall: Illustrated Booklet describing" THE MODERN PHYSICIAN."

NAME .................••...••..•......•...........•. ....•.

(Send Ihis Form or a Postcard.)

ADDRESS _. _. ....•...• '" L.,\.1. ._ -

G. Campbell Oliver, in proposing the toast to the Newport High Street Ambulance and G-eat WtsteJ n Railway Centre, paid a tTlbute to the pJosress made by tee Class. Mr. W. G. Chapman responded and stated the Railway Company was very proud of N ewpOl t; it was one of the" gems in the coronet of ambulance work." The Mayor of Newport gave a short address eulogising the w o rk of the ambulance men and women, and Herbert congratulated Mr. Chapman on the wonderful success of his untiring labour on b e half of am bulance work.

The Centre Committee met at the Drill Hal l, Newp ::lrt, on September 26 : h. routine matters affecting in the county wer e disposed of and arrangements in connection with forLhcoming reported and approved.

ABERDARE CENTRE.

The first competition for the \I ljom 2r D.lvics " ChalIt nge Shield was held at the Hall, Mountain Ash on 6th, when there was a large attendance cf competitors ano ambulanCe workers from all parts of the districts. Among those present wera Mrs. and Miss Eva Jy, :t-.Irs Bruce Jones, Abercynon, Corps Surgeo) Dr. OE,ilVie, Aberdare, Dr. Pdterson, Cwmaman, and Corp) Sec. W. J. Morgan. In the absence of Commissioner Dr. R B lird Mtloe, the competitio:l was under the supervision of Cor p3 Supt. H. E r ans, Abercynon, an J Mr. Gomer Davies, Mountain Ash, and Dr. S. Glanville Morris unde -took the duties of Adjucator.

Mrs. Bruce Jones presented the Shield to the winning tEam, the Mountain Ash, and remarked on tpe stimulating ettect created by competitions in all spheres of life and none the ltss in ambulance work.

The annual inspection of Cy lOn V dlley Carps was cJnducted on September 8th at the Abernant Park, Aberdare, by the Commissioner fJr Wales, assisted by Capt. Tallissin Richards. There was a splendid attend· ance of officer.) and mem bers of the C')rps, and the plrade was ht;aded by the Cwmaman Band.

News in Brief.

The Pcnarth Men's Division (City of Cardiff Centre) held a Whist Drive and Dance on September 26th for the purpose of obtaining funds to enable them to commence their winter programme of work with a sound financial position.

It was reported to the Cardiff Watch Committee of the Cardiff Corporation that every member of the City l:>olicc Force now held a first aid certificate.

Very shortly a Medical Comforts Depot will be opened at Abercynon. The free us of a room has been acquired and preparations are being made for its early establishment.

The death of Mr. J. W. Flymm, of Beyn Eglyr, Dinas, is announced with sincere regret. Mr. Flymm held the rank of Ambulance Officer in the Wattstown Division, Rhondda F ach Corps, and his loss is deeply regretted by his fellow ufficers a"ld men.

WHEN CORRESPONDING WITH ADVER· rISERS PLEASE MElN'1'lGN "FtJ.1ST AID.

Queries and .i\nswers to eorrespondents.

-2ueries roil! be dealt roitll under tile !olloro;nc rules :-

I.-Lefters containin[, Queries must be marked on the top left hana corn ey 0/ the envelope and addyessed-FIRsT AID, ".6, Cannon· street, LoncMm, E. C "..

:J. -A /I Queries must be accompanied a " Coupon" cut /1'011 the curyent issue of the Journal, or in case 0/ Queries /Yom abroa( from a yecent issue.

? -The Textbook, to which reference may be made in these colulllnJ is the 36th (I920) Edit:"on 0/ S.f.A.A. Manual of Fiyst-Aid.

TR.lL'l.TMENT OF ASPJRI POI S ONIN G.

A C. ( York).-I am really amused at the words with which you commenced your answer to my quel y on Aspirin Puisoning, published in September issut", namely-" 1 -o u do not know your Tex t boo/.:, " Without boast ing I know "poisons and their treatment " word [or word [rom end to end in the Textbook. Indeed, out of a class of fort y members I am the only individual who can gi\'e off " poisons and their treatment JJ word [or word as In Textbook; and I am only sorry that few ambulance men are well advanced with poisons!

I have noted and thank you for the signs ann symptoms of Aspirin Poisoning: but what I really wanted to know was whether Aspirin should be classed as narcot ic, convulsant or irritant.

Congratulations on your extensive knowledge Your letter speaks for itself; but what surprised me was your apparent inability to apply the Principles ( n ot the wording of the Textbook, and, between ourselves, I do not favour "parrot-like II repetitIOns from the Textbook.

Aspirin is neither narcotic, nOr convulsant, nor irr tant ; but it belongs to the class of " vegetable drugs having ant · periodic, antipyretic and antiseptic properties. " -N.C.F.

EXA:'I[[NATION HOWLER.

W. B. (Golder's Green).-At a recent examination a member of our class was asked what was tlt e first tlLil//{ he would do for a man struck by lightning. His answer was as prompt as it was amusing, for without hesitation he replied _Ie 0/1 tlte current.l"

Good! Next please !

CAU S ES OF SYNCOPE.

A. C. (York).-Some people, when brought into contact \>vith mIstletoe, roses, lilies, carnations, and even apples,o[ten experience a sudden feeling of illness, of which fainting is a leading symptom. Please tell me if there is any special treatment indicated for such cases, other than that laid down for Syncope.

No! Remove the cause, and then treat the effects as laid down in Textbook (p. 143).-N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF_CONCUSSION.

W. H. (Abercarn).-In former editions of Textbook we were told to apply the same treatment for Concussion as for CompressIOn; but in the latest edition Concussion is classed with Syncope, Shock and Collapse. Please tell me therefore, if we should apply cold to head in Concussion, even thouEth for Syncope, etc., steps should be taken to facilitate return of blood to brain. Much doubt exists on this point.

I have been told this before; but the only instruction which I remember in previous editions of Textbook was that the General Rules for Insensibility should be applied for cases I)f Concussion.

October, 19'3

- FIR ST

In Concussion there is a deficient snpply of blood to brain, and consequently application of cold to head would be bad treatment, because the cold, through its action on superficial and deep blood vessels, would, by cau5ing contraction of these vessels, still fllrtlter limit the supply of blood to brain. The T ex lbook does not go into all the reasons for treatment advoca ted; and, to me at least, the omission in its instructions of reference to application of cold to head in cases of Concussion is in point of fact, a prohibition, neglect of which would, in merit a heavy penalty because of the danger of the condition already present.- N.C. F.

ACTIO:--.' 01 INVOLUNTARY MC SCLEs

\\ H. ( Abercarn) :-In a recent competition we were asked which of the Involuntary Muscles are modified by the will, although lhe Textbook definitely states that we have no control O\'er the InvoluntalY None of us answered the question.

Ne ther can I! Indeed, I Sll p:!ct some misunderstanding a'os e as to the question.-N.C.F.

Pl-.R:-IA;-;(, \NATE 01' POTA <; H H. B 1St. Austell ) :-Just recently an inquest was held on a baby who upset a box of Permanganate of Potash crystals some of wh ch he apparently swc.Jlowed. A doctor said that the crystals had burned the child's mouth and throat, and that they would not ha\>e done this if they had been in solutIOn.

Kindly inform us into which class of poison- Corrosive Acid or Alkali- Permanganate of Potash falls, and also state the correct treatment.

In its solid (or crystal ) form Permanganate of Potash is a mild caustic, and would be classed, like Corrosive Sublimate, amo ng the Irritant POIsons. It cert8.inly is not a Corrosive An d or Alkali.

AID.-

in mouth, throat and stomach, persistent vomiting, intense thirst, &c.) have followed the swallowing- of a few grams on an empty stomach. Death from heart failure has been recorded after taking a quantity of the though recovery has taken place even when half an ounce of crystal3 has been swallowed.

As for treatment, there are usually no actual burns of lips and mouth, which. howe\'er, are in instances stained black or dark brov.n. Treatment, therefore, is as for Irritants ( or Kon·Corrosives). On the other hand, ifllps and mouth should be definitely burned, then undoubtedly correct treatment from the First·Aid standpoint nquires the wilhholding of an emetic. In eilher case free administration of warm water ould help to dilule poison aO':I dissolve the crystals.·-N.C.F.

FOREICN BODV IN NOSE.

A. C. (Sheffield).-Not long ago I had to treat a child who had pushed a small bead into his nose. In accordance with instructions of Textbook (p. r 17) I induced sneez ing but failed to dislodge the bead. I then took the child to a doctor, who criticised my treatment because, as he said, there was a that-owing to the" snuffing up" which precedes the act of sneez'ng-the foreign body might be drawn further up into the nostril.

I agree with the crit icism quoted; and, personally, I prefer the advice that with foreign body in nostril the child should be removed forthwith to a doctor.-i'LC. F.

POWERS OF OBSERVATION.

W. A. ( Palmers Green).-I should like to dinct a t tention to the front cover of FIRST Am, where there is a diagram which shows a man bandaging a pJ.tient's forearm from above and also from within, uutwards. I always try to be "observant;" and I wonder how many others have noted these errors In the rules of bandaging.Alas! I do not kno ! F.

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NOTES

ON FIRST AID SIMPLIFIED,

By Sidney H. Lamb.

A Handbuok in a tabu 1::.. ted and simplified fo r m givi n g the main poi n ts in first aid, so arranged as to impr ess tbem o n tbe memory of tb e stude n

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POSTAL

INSTRUCTION In U PRESCRIPTION

READINC" and U ELEM ENTARY DISPENSINC."

Ev eryon e engaged in FIRST AID work should take up th e a bove Courses at o n ce.

A membe r Ot S. J.A.B. writes -" I fee d eeply inde bted to r tbe courses of instrnction r eceived, hav e often wanted to tak e such courses but could neve r find wher e to get s uch " (T B.) Sp eci al ter m s now -half fees-to members of S .J .A.B., &c Apply (stamp) to MR. J. E. WALDRN, Sec., Westminster College (Lady Dispenser Section of the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 1874) 112, S t G e o rg e !! Road , Soutbwark, L ondon,

URSES Coats for sal e, cheap.-Apply Taylor, 33, Prioryroad, Sheffield.

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When corresponding with Advertisers please mentio n "First Aid."

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An a n tis ep tic of high effi ci ency, indispensable in a n y Factory where wounds, bruises,

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In

Use

Dressings, GERlVIOLENE.

Astonishes

has establi"hed i t supremacy in first ad WOI k in every p Irt of the wOlld. I t IS unequalled for very obvious reasons:-

l. As a germicide GERMOLEI E is supreme. Septic complications are imposs Ibl e where i is used. I t cleanses wounds of every p:uticle of fureign n'atter. The b.lclili of poison shrivel and die v. hen it is appl Ied.

2. GER;\10LE:-\E sooths immediately. There is none ('If the tingling, smarting, or pain which is associated wllh bactertcid;d agents so o('en used in the past. The action of GER:\IOLE E is so rap d that the quic.k c essat Ion of pain Invariably aSlOnishes the user.

3· GER:\.10LENE heals completely and safely. New tissue is bu It up in a healthy, natural manner. I nflammation and festerin g stop because the cause is expelled.

GERY10LENE should be kept ready for use by all ambulance workers; it should certainly have a permanent place in e very factory first-aid chest and in e very home for immediate application in cases of cuts, wounds, scratches, scalds and burns. I t is just as useful for every kind of skm complaint, and it is the doyen of all skin preparat io ns for use in children's atlments.

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Should there be a rIse In temperature , 'Yadif' may be given \vithout the slightest hesitation. This \vill check all fevers at the outset.

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MANU ALS OF FIRST-AID, &c.,

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., B.e" B.A.(Cantab), M.R.C.S.

Now READY.

AMBULANCE COMPETITION TESTS (Stre tcher, Individual and Q ue stion-T h ree Folders).

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AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

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Col SIr lames Cantlte contrtbutes an Illtroductioll alld we endorse his gOOd opinion 0/ the book."-LANCET.

AIDS TO HOME-NURSING.

Second Edition. Price IS •• post free.

" Home-NursIng and Tabulated, with AIds to Memory.

Thzs book wonde1;fully sImplIfies a comPlex su bject an d sh ould be read bll a students ."-L. & N.W. Rv. GA ZETTE.

EFFICIENCY IN FiRST-AID.

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In Study. Treatmen t and ExamInation solved for Scnlor Stodents. WIthout doubt tlte book WIlt be o/great sero ce in the traini7<g o/t/zo se for whom il is desi/! ned. "-BRITI S H M BD IC AL ] OUR N A L COMMON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID. IS. net; post 23.

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Fifth Edition Pri ce II. 2d .• p ost fr e e " Dlfllcultles In aud Treatment solved by and Answer.

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HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS

By NOEL D. M.V.O .•

THORNTON

IRST AID

- AND THE -

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

NOTICE TO READERS.

F IR5T AID is pu b li shed on t he :loth of each month. The Annua l Su bscri ptio n is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim a n d obj ect bei ng l he advancement 01 Ambulance Work In all its b ra nch es , the Edi tor invites Readers to send Articles and Repo r ts on subje c ts per ta ini n g to the M ovement and also welcomes 5uggestions fo r P ract ic al P a pers

All Repo rts, &c ., should be addressed to the Editor, and should re:1.ch him befo r e the I zth of each mon th, and must be accompanied (lIot n uessan'ly for tublicatiorr) by th e name and address of the Corresponde n t.

Subscrip tio ns, Ad vertisements and other business Communications connected with FI RS T AID should be forwarded to the Publishers,

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO LTD., 46 , CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4.

1 elet:raphic Address: "Twentll -/o u r, London. "

1 e1efhone No. 5 47 7 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

W ITH gro uping of th E railways

The Future und e r th e R ai lways A c t, 192 I, which, of the we u n derstand, is now ra p idly nearing I nter - Railway compl e t io n, the q uestion of the future Ambulance of the I n t e r-Railway Competition fo r Competition. th e Challenge Shield of the St. John A m bulanc e Association has hid to b e cons idered, for it is obvious that with the absorption of th= pri ncipl e railways of the country into four groups, new reg ulations for the conte s t ar e called for.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mention "First Aid " "FIRST AID" QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

To be cut out and enclosed with all Queries OC T ., 1923

Th e futur e of the contest has been receiving consi d e ration for some time past, and o n the 9th instant the Railway Centre Secretaries met in conference to discuss t he matt er. As a r e sult it was, we understand, agreed for th e 19 2 4 comp etition, each of the four groups (i .e., t he London Midland and Scottish ; London and Nortl,l E astern G re at West e rn and Southern Railways) will enter t wo team s This will obviate the necessity for any preliminary rounn as far as th e grouped railways are conc e rned.

There are, however, certain railways such as th e Metropolitan Railway, Cheshire Lin e s Committ ee, and a number of joint railways outside the grouping scheme and arrangements have to pro'i? ide fo r their inclusio n in th e competition. It has now be e n d ecided that the S t. J ohn Ambulance Association will arrange a compet ition fo r teams of railwaymen drawn from any of the railways o r joint railw a ys , outside th :! four grou p s e nume r ated abov e , and that the team winning this competition will c om pe t e with th e eight teams from the grouped railways ( two from each ) thus making a nine -team cont e st.

This seems a well· c onsid e red e n deavour to deal with the changed conditions, and i f it has a fault , it is i n th e si ze of the Final Competition as, from a spectacular po int of view it is, perhaps, a little wear y ing to watch a contest undertaken by nine diffe rent teams Hith e rto, eight teams h a ve take n part and it has been felt that the Compet it ion might with advantage have been curtail e d P e rha p s in t he future, howev er it may be arranged for one team from ea ch of the four groups to meet the team select e d by preliminary contest from the ungroup e d railways, when the sma lle r com p etition of five teams would enable more exactin g contes t s to b e imposed. It should be appreciated that on account of th e h igh s tandard of efficiency attained by the first-aid te a ms which en t er fo r this contest, nothin g short of a com pr eh e nsive t e st will detect difference.

The first competition under the new conditions which will tak e place in May at the Connaught Rooms, Q ue e nstreet, Kingsway, will be anticipated with considerable interest, and we opine that riv al ry betwe e n the new railway groups will be as keen as ever it was when the competing represented the much larger number of individu a l railways.

Dr. N Corbett F letch e rs Illustrated Lantern l e ctur e entitled" Some Errors in First Aid " is to b e given i n The Lecture Hall, Public Library, High Street, Waltha m stow, on Tuesday, Dec e mber 18th, 19 2 3, at 8 -0'clock prompt. Applications for tickets to be mad e to V:tdy Su pe rintend e nt \Vebb, 39, High Street, Walthamstow

-FIRST

3'he 3rand "riorg of the Order of the )\ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Sngland. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

3' he St. John J\mbulanee Srigade. Prince of Wales's District DISTRICT ORDERS.

COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL DECEMBER, 1923.

December 2nd.-No. 71 Division, Tottenharn.

" 9th.-No. 72 " Barking. 16th.-No.7-+ " London City Mission. 23rd.-No.76 Limehouse. 30th.-N o. 78 " Enfield. " "

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8.30 p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

PUBLIC DUTY.

The Commissioner would like to take this opportunity of thanking officers and members in charge of and nursing divisions for the excellent manner In whIch theIr members undertook duty on Lord Mayor's Day and Armistice Day. The manner in. which the members paraded for duty and carried out the dutIes all otted to them, reflects much credIt on the district, more especially as so many calls for duty had been made upon them during days preceding th.e above-named duties. The CommIssIoner would be glad If officers and members in cbarge of ambulance and nursing divisions will convey to their members his thanks and appreciation of their services.

DIVISIONAL ANNUAL MEETING.

Officers and members in charge of Ambulance Divisions are reminded that their Annual Divisional Meeting should be held as soon as possible after December 3 1S t.

The balance sheet having been audited by two auditors, sbould be presented to the Division for confirmation, and when confirmed, should be handed to the Superintendent or member in charge.

Blank forms for statements of accounts will be sent to every Division in triplicate, from the Chief Commissioner's office. Two of these forms should, when completed, be attached to the B.F.1. when sent to Headquarters, and the other form should be passed in the Minute Book. All correspondence from Nursing Divisions should be sent direct to the Lady District Superintendent.

THE OFFICERS' FUND.

Officers are reminded that the subscription due from all Officers in the District, towards the Officers' Fund, is due on January 1st next.

For the information of newly-appointed members, it is pointed out that this fund is mainly used for the provision of Bands, and may also be used for other purposes, if the Officers so·decide when subscribing. I t is hoped that Officers who ha"ve not yet sent in their subscription for 1923 will do so without delay, and the Treasurer will be pleased to receive subscriptions for the year 1924, due in January.

Postal Orders and Cheques should be made payable to the Commissioner, No. District, and crossed.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commt'sst'oner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending news paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publi· cation of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

AI D.- ovember, 1923.

OFFICERS' DINNER. -Abo ut two hundred NursingOfficers, Ambulance Officers, their wives and friends, sat down to a splendid repast at the Connaught Rooms, Great Queen Street, on October 20th. The occasion was the Annual Dinner of the Officers of the Prince of Wales' District. The function which included dancing and cards was organised by Captain Lines, assisted by Ambulance Officer Stallard.

Mr. W. H. \-Vinny, the Commissioner, who was in most excellent form, presided, and he was supported by a number of distingui<;hed visitors, amongst whom were the Deputy Chief Commissioner, Colonel G. A. Moore, Colonel Cameron, Major Darvil Smith and Captain Cusack; Assistant-Commissioner, L ieut.-Col. Brooks and Dr. MacFadden, and by members of the District Staff, amongst whom were Mr. S. B. Piers, M. W. Liddell, Captain Clayton and Captain Gerhold.

The loyal toasts having been proposed by the Commissioner in very felicitous terms and received with musical honours. Dr. :v1acFadden proposed the Grand Prior and Th e Order of St. John. He said that the relation between the Order and the Brigade was similar to that of mother and child, but a child which had reached full maturity and therefore claimed the right to express itself occasionally. He referred to the very happy r'!lations which had always existed between the Order and No. I District, and particularly to the help and encouragement which the District always received from Mr. Edwards, the late Secretary to the Order. He welcomed Mr. Edwards' successor, in the person of Colonel Cameron, who gave every promise of following in his predecessor's footsteps. Colonel Cameron, who was in a most happy mood in responding, said, that he was in some dilemma, having had the honour of motherhood conferred upon him, he did not quite know how to take himself, or should it be, herself. \Vell, he was very proud of his child, tbough he had. not yet discovered s.ex. He quite appreciated the fact that m so vast an organIsatIon differences of opinion would inevitably arise, but they need not ne cessarily imply antagonism. The Order and (he Brigade were one whole, and as such tbey must be a harmonious wbole. As far as he was concerned , his one aim would be to foster those happy relations wbich bis predecessor bad done so much to bring about. He would be glad if they would come to bim with their difficulties and suggestions and be assured them they would receive his sympathetic consideration. Dr. Crowdy then proposed the Prince of Wales' District, to which the Commissioner, who was most enthusiastically received, reponded. He was very remini sc ent and traced the of the Brigade from its beginnings through the 3S years durmg which he had been connected with it. ThIS wonderful organisation, with its branches spread over the whole Empire, was a most unique body, he said. It represented a work of a most unselfish and self-sacrificing nature. It was a humane work, thus contributing to a large extent the chivalry of the Knight of St. John from whom they got the ir name, and whose offspring they lay claim to be.

As far as his District was concerned no duty was to bIg for them to undertake and none was too small as not to receive their best attention, but he insisted that for its successful \\'orking it was essential for the Order to encoura g e them and support them and not to place any obstacle in their way. He looked to the Order to allow them to carryon their work unimpeded and he would assure it that No. would never fail.as it has never failed in its loyalty to the Ord er and to the Publtc ; he concluded by referring to the excellent services rendered to movement by the late Sir Herbert C. Perrott and Captain Cusack.

The visitors were proposed by Lt.-Col. F. A. Brooks and Col. Moore responded. He said that no doubt he was expected to say that he rose with diffidence to reply to so important a toast. He remembered the occasion when a certain speaker could not think of the word diffidence and said, he rose with difficulty. Well despite the splendid dinner and the abundance of liquid food, he was not so far gone; he could rise without difficulty. He informed his audience that he was Irish-a fact which was very soon realised, for the Colonel narrated story after story which caused roars of laughter. He said that as 'Deputy Chief Commissioner he visited all parts of the Country and he was struck by the great work the Brigade was doing: men and women readily giving up their well earned leisure to succour those who require their help. He knew that such work

November, 19:13 -FIRST could not be measured and he felt that they did not require his thanks.

They could rely on his hearty cooperation though he reserved the right to criticise when necessary but it would be a cri ticism given in a friendly and helpful way.

Captain Cooper then in the name of the members of the Pri nce of Wales' District made a presentation to Captain Lines th e late Treasurer of the District. He made reference to the long and valuable services rendered to the Brigade by Captain Lin es. The presentation took the form of a beautiful writing tabl e and a pIpe in a case. Captain Lines in acknowledging th e gift expressed his thanks and those of h lS wife to his late coll eagues in most touching terms. It was with feelings of fear, pride, regrets and appreciation that he stood before them. He feared to say much for he was overwhelmed by the occasion, he was proud of the little he had been able to do for the District, he very much regretted his severance and most deeply appreciated the kindly motives whIch prompted them to give him these very beautiful gifts.

A most enjoyable evening was brought to a close by the singing of Auld Lang Syne and the National Anthem, after

AID.- 99

A course of Instruction on Home Nursing was given by Divisional Surgeon Dr. R Main from January to March. Thirty-eight candidates sat for the examination and all were successful-8 Pendants and 30 first Cert ific ates being awarded Eighty-three members presented themselves for re-examination in April and the following awards gained testify to the e5ciency of the Division-38 Labels, I Medallions and 18 second Certificates. The remaining 6 members successfully passed the efficiency test, but having taken the Home Nursing- Certificate as their second award, were not eligible for Medallion as 12 months had not elapsed from the date of their FIrst Aid Certificate.

A Social evening was held on August 18th last at Divisional Headquarters. The programme included songs, music, dances, and refreshments and the various items were much appreciated by the large number of members and fr iends present.

During the interval Mr. T. Smith, Assistant Superintendent of the Line, presented the Certificates &c. referred to above and heartily congratulated the Division on the high standard of efficiency and increased membership. Mr. Smith also referred to the effort made to raise £1 00 by the sale of perfumed

A group taken at the presentation·of a-shield-to Dr. J. J. S. Lucas to commemorate his twenty years' service as Hon. Surgeon of the Totterdown Division of the City of Bristol Corps, S.] .A.B. Seated (left to right)-Supt. L. R. Crew, Corps Secretary H. Trott, Dr. Lucas, Corps Supt. A. Cotton, M.B.E., and Ambulance Officer J. F. Smith. Standing-Sergt. F. Reed, Corps Sergt.-Major A. Lewis, Transport Officer Warr and Sergt. Treble. which Col. Cameron called for cheers for Mr. Winny, which wer e given vociferously, testifying, if testimony were at all neces sary to the unabated popularity of the Commissioner. Cheers were then called for and given with great e clat for Colon el Cameron.

N.C.O's. CLun. -On Thursday, December 6th, at W. H. Smit h & Son's Club, I I, Milford Lane, Strand, W.C.2, at 7,30 p.m, Mr. J. E. Dane will give a lecture on Poisonous Gas es. N.C.O. s are invited to the meetings which are held on first Thursday in every month. Further particulars can be had from J. H. Palmer, Honorary Secretary, 70, Newington Gr een Road, N. I

No. 13 (KINGS CROSS G.N.R.) DIVI SION .-The steady progress made last year by this Division-which is the centre of Ambulance Activities on the G. N. Section of the L. & N.E. Railway in the London district-has been well maintained during 19 23.

cards. The sum collected to that date was £125 which, after deducting the cost of the cards, had lesulted in a net profit to the Divisional Funds of £82. The whole of this sum has since been expended in providing uniforms for the mem bers, all of whom are now fully equipped-less overcoats.

A course of Instru c tion in First Aid to the injured will be given by Divisional Surgeon Dr. 'vV. Mailer frnm October to December. Particulars of this class may be obtained from the SeCtetary, H. H. Dye, Up Shed Goods Dep o t, L. & N.E. Rly. (G.N.), King s Cross.

No. :2 District.

BUCKINGHA:\ISHIRE.-During the past month the Slough Town Ambulance and Nursmg Divisions, the High Wycombe Ambulance Di v ision, the Wolverton Ambulance Division, the Chesham Ambulance and Nursing Divis ions, and the Buckingham Ambulance and Nursing Divisions, have been inspected by the Assistant Commissioner in charge of the County. The Assistant Commissioner reports that the strength of

100 -FIRST

the brigade in the county continues to increase, and the standard of efficiency is well maintq.ined. Six divisions are responsible for the maintenance and service of the six motor ambulances provided by the Home Ambulance Committee, and very excellent work is being

Mr. T. Sc ales Carter, 1\1.Sc., a mem bei" of the Order, has presented a sIlver cup to be known as' the" Scales Carter" Efficiency Cup. This Cup will be held by the most efficient ambulance division in the County of Bucks each year. The Aylesbury Di\,ision were the most efficient in 1922. The officer in charge of the most efficient division will receive a replica of the cup presented by the Assistant Commissioner.

No. 5 District.

The half-yearly Conference of Officers and Secretaries of the Midland Area, West Ridingof Yorks, was held on Saturday October 27th, at the Victoria Cafe, Shipley, on the invitation of Shipley Corps. The attendance of 80 members was conSIdered very good, and District Officer Holdsworth presided, was supported on the platform by Lady District Officer, Mountgarret, O.B.E., and Corps Supt. Allen, ShIpley. Corps It was a.r:anged to hold the Competition for Elhson ShIeld, at ShIpley, on January 26th, 1924, and in vIew of the success which attended the Field Day held last year, a sub·committee was appointed to make arranllements for Field Day early next year. Many interestmg dISCUSSIons took place, and the remarks of Viscountess Mountgarret were very interesting and were highly appreciated. by members. Sergeant Bussey was given the unofficla! posItion of and publicity secretary of Area

The meeting closed with a vote of thanks to Vlsc<?untess M<?u?tgarret fo: .attending and addressing the meetmg, and glvmg her opmlOn on the various points and thank.:; were also tended to District Officer Holdsworth for presiding. I t was arranged to hold the next Conference at on April. 12th, 1924: the invitation of the Pudsey DIVISIon. A? enjoyable evenmg was spent at the \Vhist Drive and Dance kmdly arranged by the Shipley Corps.

DONC.\STER .-A most successful Inspection of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisiom, comprising the S. E. Area W Riding of Yorkshire was carried out on the Racecourse, Don: caster, on Sunday September 23rd, when 22 Ambulance Officers and 497 other ranks, 14 Officers and 96 Ambulance Sisters for Inspection by the Area Commander, Assistant Commlsslo ner W. H. Chambers, Knight of Grace.

.The d 'ffaent Corps and Divisions with Bands assembled outsIde the Central Station at Doncaster, under the Command of Corp3 Supenntendent Captain H. C. Harrison, Main Corps, marched in Column of Route ( Nurses to the Racecourse, prebenting an imposing spectacle by theIr smart appearance.

On arrival Refreshments were provided, and they were allowed to fall out.

At 1'40 p.m: .the F.all in sounded and work began in earnest, each DIVISIon being: given certain work to perform.

At 2 p.m. the Inspecting Officer, attended by District G Severn arrived, being received by Capt. H. C. Hamson (m command of the Parade) Corps Supt. S. Bunting, Corps Officers H. H ulley and W. Still.

A commencem.ent was made the Nurses, and they were warmly c omplImented for theIr smartness in Bandaging and Hand-seat Drill.

on? the Div}sions were subjected to a searchIng III Drtl! and FIrst AId, afterwards forming up for Inspectl.on of Clothmg and Equipment.

Marching: P3.st was the next item, and great credit is due to Capt. [or the manner in which the Divisions were the dIfferent movements being performed with the preCISIon of Regular Troops.

Hollow Square was next for:ned, and Long Service Medals presEnted to Corps Officer B. Hadfield, Supt. G. H. Milnes a nd Ambulance Officer M. Soar J:?enaby Main Corps. Certtflcates. of tha.nks from ASSOCIatIOn were also presented to ( •. DaVIes and Private H. Jones, Askern Division.

A I D.- November, 1923.

The I nspecting Officer then addressed the Parade and expressed himself as highly delighted with all he had seen particularly praising the Nurses.

Capt. Harrison suitably responded, also tendering thanks to the Mayor and Corporation of Doncaster for their kindness in lending the ground.

The Parade was then dismissed, and Book inspection completed a most successful day.

No.6 District.

A well-attended conference of ambulance and nursing ?fficers of No.6 District was held on Saturday, 3rd November, m the Connaught Hall, Newcastle-on-Tyne, under the chairmanship of Assistant-Commissioner Major A. HammersleyJohnstone, O.B.E., M.RC.S , L.RC.P., etc.

Civic recognition was given to the proceedings by the Rt. Hon. the Lord Mayor of Newcastle (Alderman Wm. Bramble D.L., J.P. ) who, in extending a warm welcome to the assembly' stated that he had had ample evidence during his year of of the self-sacrificing activities of the Brigade-quoting the services rendered at the Royal Agricultural Show as an out· standing example. He hoped the members of the Brigade would continue their efforts for the public weal.

The main business of the afternoon was to examine and if necessary revise the general conditions under which the district are cou:peted for, an? it ",:,as decided to bring the regulatIons governmg the DIstrict SIlver Championship Shield more in line with the conditions of the "Dewar II Challenge Shield. The opinion was also expressed that the conditions formerly laid down for the CI RoLert Anderson" had proved somewhat impracticable, owing to the difficulties and expenses involved in hringing the competing teams together. It was suggested that, for the future, this trophy be awarded to the pivision:showing highest standard of all-round efficiency the year. ThIS and other suggestions [or bringing the up-to-d.ate w.ere passed on to the Competitions CommIttee, who WIll deCIde further details.

Other questions discussed were :-" That holders of either a First Aid or Home Nursing Certificate may be enrolled in a Nursing Division, provided that they undertake to qualify in the second subject within a limited period after enrolment "

"That it is desirable that some form of recognition be mtroduced for olde.r members of nursing divisions, who have rendere.d good servIce but for whom there is no opening for promotIOn."

Later in the evening, .Assistant-Commissioner Ilajor A. Hammersley- Johnston preSIded over an officers dlDner which was in the Continental Restaurant. After the loyal toast. the ChaIrman proposed the toast of "The Civic Authorities.' He upon ?esirability of the happy relationship between the CIVIC authontles and units of the brigade in val ious towns being still further cemented. The Rt. Hon. the Lord Mayor, in his reply, reminded his hearers that the local district of Fenha:n once belonged to the knight templars. He hoped that their good work would be long continued by their successors, who were now known as the members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. The work should be more wid ely known, as the community at large was under a debt of gratltune to the workers.

" The Order Il was proposed by Corps Supt. H. S. Crace, M.A , who described the functions of the ambulance depart· ment thr0l!gh the ASSOCIation and the Brigade, and Mr. J. T. Bate):, (K?lght of Grace of the Order) responded, referring to the hIgh down by the Order, and to the noble now ca:ned by the ambulance organisationspartIcularly m the mdustnal centres shipyards etc.

"The Brigade" was toasted' by Sir Thomas Oliver, M.D., L.L.D., D.Sc., etc., who remarked upon the development of the cadet movement and upon the appreciation by the War Office of the services of the Brigade whichalthough a peace-time organisation-was of great at the outbreak of Great War, supplying as it did so many thou.sands of tramed men and women to augment the medical servIce. The toast was responded to by Assistant Commissioner Capt. James Anderson, RA.M.C. (T.)

Corps Supt. Capt. W. H. Pallett, M.B., Ch.H., in happy

November, 19 2 3. -FIRST vein proposed" The Ladies," and this was ably responded to by Lady Corps Officer Mrs. Hubert Johnson, O.B.E. A church parane was held the following morning when the brigade units of the district paraded between four and five hundred strong, marching through the town, led by the band of the Charlaw and Sacristan Division, S.J.A.B., to St. James' Congregational Church, where a special service had been arranged. There was a good attendance of visiting officers from Ilull and elsewhere, to whom overnight hospitality had been extended by local officers.

H1JLL.- The officers and members of the various Divisions of the Hull Corps undertook duty at the Hull Fair from noon October 10th to midnight, October J6th, the two stations at all times being staffed from 9 a.m. until midnight. I n all 167 cases were treated, made up as tollows :-Cuts, -+9; bruises, 13 ; sprains, 13; burns, -t ; faints, 46; foreign body in eye, 1-+ : anima l bites, <J' bleeding nose, &c., 6; injury to foot, I; injury to shoulder, Injury to elbow, 1. Ten cases were removed to the I nfirmary for further treatment. Two cases sent home in ambulance) one case sent home 111 taxi. FIfty-seven lost children were taken care of and eventually restored to parents. This is truly a good record, and proves the necessity of our movement.

Al D.- 101

advantage that the treatment was highly antiseptic by virtue of the cauterisation of the surfaces laid open. Demonstrations of the actual effect were performed upon a raw beefsteak, and, except for a certain disappointment very naturally produced by the appetising odour, proved distinctly successful.

On Hospital Sunday, October 28th, the Newcastle-onTyne Corps, headed by the Newcastle No. 7 Pipers) Band, marched through the town, and, by the courteous invitation of the Vicar, attended Divine Service at Sl. Mark ' s Church, in A number of other parochial organisations also attended.

No. 8 District.

ISLE 01 SHEPPEY.-The annual inspection took place in the Ambulance Station, Trinity·road, Sheerness, on October 2-+th, the inspecting officer being Dr. \V. H. F. Noble, of SIttingbourne, the Assistant Commissioner for the district. The parade was under the command of Divisional Supt. H. Rayner Catt and the following officers and N.C.O.'s wer e in attendance. First Ambulance Officer A. G. French, Transport Officer W. A. Rudd, Stan A. O. Reece, Sergt. C. F. Saddleton, Corporals Swift and Boakes together with about

Doncaster I nspection-Some of the Officers who were present. Standmg to right)-Amb. Officer S. E. Spruce, Supt. \V. Wilkinson, Amb. Officer E. Pickett, Corps Officer H. Hadfield, Supt. C. Bowden, Supt. W. V. Simpkins, Amb. Officer D. J. Pettitt, Amb. Officer M. Soar, District Officer Geo. Severn. Slttlng-.\mb. Officer G. H. Corps Officer W. Still, W. H. Chambers,; Corps Supt. H. C. Harrison, Corps Supt. S. Bunting, Divisional Surgeon S. Tressider.

N L \\ uN -TVNE. -A series of very interesting monthly lectures has been arranged throughout the winter months by Corps Superintendent Crace. The first of these was given at the Ambulance Institute by Dr. H. E. Gamlen, II.B., B.S , on the 25th ult., his subject being" Diathermy," of which he is a specialist. The benefit of the local application of heat externally has long been known, but within recent years it has become possible, by means of high frequency electric currents, to apply heat or energy to most of the internal parts of the human frame with marvellous efficacy. Dr. Gamlen demonstrated the wonderful effects of "high frequency >1 c urrents passing through tubes uf rarefied gases, showed that they passed freely over the body and described the stimulating and exhilarating effects they produced, remarking that this prir:ciple of electrotherapy was now used very widely for of human ills, including the removal of warts and other dIsfigurements, and visitors to expensive barbers were no strangers to it. With slight modifications of design, the apparatus has been developed so that it is now possible to utilise the burning effect of these high frequency currents for the purpose of performing amputations or operations of a very complex order withont loss of blood or undue shock to the system. This" bloodless" surgery had also the very valuable

forty rank and file. The Assistant Commiss ioner inspected the uniforms and accoutrements after which Privates Sanders and Milway were examined in foot and stretcher drill for promotion to Corporals. Dr. Noble made a keen survey of the stores and also the books produced by the divisional secretary. A close inspection was made of both the motor ambulances on the premises, and also the other \"arious means of transport.

At the close Dr. Noble complimented Supt. Catt on the smartness of the division, and congratulated T. O. Rudd on the cleanliness of the car and its equipment, and also the work which had been accomplished by the brigade The Assistant Commissioner attached his signature to all the books and expressed his pleasure at the way in which they were kept. The number of transport cases up to the date of the inspection was I40, and the number of first aid cases treated was 520 No. 9 District.

THE CADl!:T MO\ EMENT.-The School Hall at the headquarters of the Devonport Central Cadets was crowded on November 7th to celebrate the first anniversary of the formation of the senior cadet unit in Devon and Cornwall-the

Devonport Ambulance Cadet Unit. District Officer T. Peng elly presided, and was supported by Assistant Corr.missioner

H. V Miller and District Officer T. Perkins of the Devon County Staff, and Corps Supt. T. Hitchcock of the Borough of Plymouth.

The proceedings opened with an inspection of the Ambulance Cadets and the provisionally formed Nursing Cadets. They paraded under Cadet Officer W. T. Lucitt.

Interspersed with musical items and an excellent display of conjur ing tricks were speeches and intelesting presentations. The function was well supported by the friends and parents of the boys and by many officers and members of the senior organisation of the Brigade. I was a revelation to witness the h ig h standard of ambulan ce proficien c y attained by the Cadets as evi d enced by their fi r s t aid display; it was rf'ceived with rounds of applause.

D istr ict Officer T Perkins p inned the chevrons on the sleeves of the recently appo nted N C.O. s, and gave the boys t i mely adv ice. Much enthus iasm was caused by the presentat ion of a large Birthday Cake on behalf of the Devonport Ambulance D ivis ion to " Its chIld. " The cake was cut by Mrs Hedley M iller. Birthd a y greetings from the Plymouth Cadets were conveyed by Cadet Ronald Hit c hcock i n a neat little speech. On behalf of the C hurch and Sunday School at Pembroke-street, with which the major ity of the cadets are associated Mr. R. S. A. Clarke tendered con g ratulations. Mrs.

C. E. Lawrence ( wife of the Min ister ) presented 17 F irst Aid Cert ficates. ASSIstant Commissioner Miller formally handed C adet Officer Lu c itt hIS Warrant of Appointment. Photographs of the Cadet Guard of Honour that received the Chief Comm issioner when visited Plymouth were g iven to various offi cers , and Supenntendent ':::av ies and Private Harris were the reC ipients of a case and a walking stick respect iveiy in appreciation of their sf'r vi ces as Instructors.

No. II (S.E. & C. R.) District.

Long and devoted service by Super intendent W. H. Smith

H ther G r een D i vision, was reco g n ised on Sunday October 21' at a large parade of the Division, Commissioner E. A: RI c hards presented Mr. Sm ith with a suitably inscribed watch an.d. t o M rs. Sm ith a h a ndbag. The recently formed Cadet DI VIS Ion also took part III the parade.

The annual Illspection of the W illesboro South Ashford Ashford Works, and Ashford took place October 20. These four splendid DIVISIOns were present in strength, and g ave a good account of themselves

At HIll Brigade work is flourishing under the le a dershlp .of Palmer. M uch interest is being d isplayed m Home N urslD g A well :mende d meeting was recently addresse d by Dr. A nstey Chave. contests for the Dewar and S ymons Eccles troph Ies have commenced. In the compet ition between the Deal, Dover and Rarn sg ate Divisions the former team secured fi rst place.

The newly created D ivisions at Folkestone and Maidstone are goo d headw a y and are greatly encouraged by the support bemg gi ven them.

No. 12 (lrish) District.

A succesful (on behalf of the Welfare Section ) of the Bri g ade was held ID the Metropole Ballroom Dublin on N 6th Almost 450 were present and thoroughly enjoyed the function. The music was provided by the Adela ide Melody Band. AmoI? gst those who kindly gave their Patronag e and [or the success of the Dance were ;_ The Lord Ch ief Justi c e and Mrs M olony, Sir John and Lady Lu msden, M ISS Norah Lumsden Sir Robert Tate K B E M rs. Maude Mrs. Ball, Mrs. M ISS Ethel Mr. J S. Smurthwaite, I\ IIS ", KlTker, M ISS Holmes, M ISS Good, MISS Power, Miss

A nton, MISS Ramsey , Mrs. and the Misses Little Messrs Wr ig ht, Cranfield, T insley and many others. '

When corresponding with Advertisers pl ease mention "First Ald."

Our Essay Competition (No. I).

Q U ESTION.

D escribe .fu lly tlte way s ill w lziclt an u mbr ella may bc made t o serve an useful pu rpose in .First Aid.

E X AM INERS SO LUTION O F Q U ESTiON.

UM BRELLA RO L L E D.

Splint ( already padded); walking-stick ; drag t o rescue person from danger, e. g ., drowning improvised stretcher; traverses of stretcher; seat; le ver to move furnitur e , release belt of moving machin e ry, etc. ; lectur e r's pointer ; sign a l of danger and o f distress; weapon of offence and defence ; means of ident i fica t ion ( name and address attached)

Ur.lBREL LA O P E NED

"Protection from rain, sun, etc. ; screen for privacy; fan (e spec ially if opened and closed alternately) ; artificial ventilation in well or p it ; water container ; blck re s t (for child); bed cradl e (handle off); barrier to ke e p back crowd ; receptacl e for light articlt s

PAR TS O F UM BRELL A.

Handle (o r e nd )- mou t h gag ; weapon to break glass of fire alarm, windows of g as -lad e n room, etc. ; ho ok to remove electric w i re (i f no metal present) ; support for bleeding limb ; twister o f tourni q uet ; hard pad.

C ove r-bandages ; fan ; arm-slings; pad ; padding ; ring -pad ; tourniquet ; lig a tures ; towel for fl icking patient or for protecting hands of First-Aider.

W i re ribs- small splints ; cautery stick ; twister for tourniqu e t.

.Elasti c - fix small to u rniquet ; el astIc band for tongue With S Ilvester 's Method.

RE P OR T or E XAr. lINER S

We have had considerable difficulty in selecting the Prize Essay from the large numbers of ex cell e nt pap e rs submitted, but a r e agre e d in awarding first place to Essay No. 100. Further, we consider that Essays Nos. 50 and 66 merit publicatio.n by reason of o riginal settings.

We would direct the attention o f compe titors to glaring errors in certain cases, e specially the neglect of regulations (essays with names addresses attach e d we re disqualified), untidy scripts, verbose discussions, etc.

N. CORBET FL ETCHER.

R. CONNON RO BERTS ON. RES U LT OF COMPETITION.

In accordance with the decision of th e Doctor-Judges given above, we herewith declare that Essay No. 100 was by Ivor .Owen Morgan, Craigfryn, Tavistockroad, who. IS consequently awarded the Home Offic.e FIrst-AId offered first prize in this competItlon, and whose paper appears in this issue.

Essays Nos. 50 and ?6 were s e nt in by W. Wi lliams, 5, Shelly-street, BootIe, Liverpool, and Elsie M. M. Briggs 25 a ,. Paradise-street, Birmingham, and wIll, we hope, publlshed n ex t month.

EDITORS.

N ovember, 19 j. -F I S l'

Uses of an Umbrella in First-Aid.

PRI Z E E SSAY.

By IVOR O. MOR G AN.

CL O SED U ;\1B RELL A

A closed u mbrella may be m ade to se rve the j ollowing pu rposes : -

To us e as pointer for ambulanc e lecturer.

To keep off attackin g animals, reptiles, &c.

To parry away objects thrown or falling.

To knock wea p ons from hands of assailants or wouldbe suicid e s.

To use a s twi s ter in improvised tourniquet.

To use as sp li nt for factured fe mur, tibia, fibula, pa tella, carpus, radius, and ulna.

To us e as splint to support injured muscles of 11mbs.

To use as s p lint to keep j oints at rest when wound a ssociated th e r e with.

To keep b a ck crowd ( us e d like staves of Boy Scouts.)

To slip b e twe e n te e th of patient in Epileptic seizure.

To uc; e as walking-st ick for patient able to proceed.

To use as trav e rse for imp r ovised stretcher.

T o be sold or p a wned, to purchas e First-Aid r e quisit e s.

T o be e xch a nged for First-Aid r e quisites.

To light a fir e, if umbr e lla no longer serviceable.

To us e as o bje ct t o talk to about and thereby d istract his attenti o n from his injury.

To use as o b jec t to t e st resourcefulness of First -Aiders

To us e a s st e p wi t h which First -Aid e r may scale a wall o r r e ach a window.

To dra g a p e r s on from wa t e r to convenient spot where he may be l i ft e d ou t.

To br ea k window pan e s of room full of pOIsonous fu m es.

To p l ug p ip e from which fum e s are

To pro be for a n object ( pOls.on bo.ttle, etc.) lD straw, sa nd, e tc ., in s earch for clues to dlagnosls.

To us e as i m p rovised seat for a patient carried pick-aba ck

To att r act att e ntion of someon e to assi s t

To use as a " marker " b e ing stuck upright in ground wh e n on par a d e.

To use as improvised Mo r se signalling flag (with han dke rchief) .

To hold a person s head abov e water until help comes .

To carry First-Aid requisites upon shoulder during l ong march

To use a s imp r ovised h e aving ·cane on life-line.

To use as support for im p rovised shelter.

O PE NED U MB R ELl. A.

A ll opened ltJJlb rella may be made to serve t he .follow illg purposes :-

To shelter patient, First-Aider, or requisites from rain, snow, hail , or sun. To use as screen for protection of patient, or of small fire from wind.

To u se as fan (e 3peciall y by opening and closing).

To attract att (' ntion of s o me one to assist.

To screen patient from curious crowd.

To prevent patient from seeing injury under t.reatment.

To be le nt to patient able to p r oceed.

To co n vey water to patient if no other container available.

To disturb fumes in room, a nd so expedite ventilation.

To carry First-Aid r e quisit e s

Au u mb rella being damage d or unse r v iceable, its p arts cou ld be made t o se rve tlu f ollo w ing p u rposes :-

The stick as splints fo r fractured carpus, radius, ulna, elbow joint, &c

Pieces of stick as splint for fractur e d phalanx; as splint for longitudin a l wound in fi n ger or thumb ; as spatula t o cont r ol t ongue; as means of caustic to poisoned wound; as "stick" pl a ced over upper eyehd to eVErt it.

A few of th e ribs or the stick itself as twister of imp r ovis e d tourniquet.

The rubbe r ring as constriction for poisonous bite (especially if tightened by t w ister).

Th e tassel cords or strips of cover to tie down child ' s hands; for use as improvised bandages or for improvised tourniquet. . , .

A p ece of cover t o apply IodIne proVld e d skIn IS not broken.

The elastic fastener to keep patient' s tongue in position during p erfor m anc e of arti fi cial r e spiration or as ligature. The silk or alpaca cover to apply cold or hot fomentations

Two sticks as tw isters in tow e l for wringing out hot fomentation.

The two wire-sp rings as i m provised pins. A wire-spring or a rib as probe.

One of th e wire-springs or a rib to extract cork from bottle ; to clear hair away from a scalp wound ; to convey lint to a wound ; as stirring rod to mix antiseptics; to cauterise wound.

The cover for bandages, pads, l igatures or respirators; if dry, to insulate hands when rendering assistance in a case of electric shock; to protect piece of s tick placed between teeth of an epile ptic r a tient.

A small roll of silk to tickl e b ack of throat to ma k e patie nt vomit.

Silver fittings to d etec t moisture wh e n testing for respiration.

A By

History Auxiliary of the Royal Naval Sick Berth Reserve. *

Surgeon Commander G. O Yr.

M.B.,

R. N

DICKENSON

IN the pre-war days, naval. medi ca l officers serving in hospitals and reserve fle e t shIps were accus tomed to the periodical appe.arance of members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade lD the wards and SIck bays but, beyond a vague notion that they were" ul? fO.r training, " th e majority knew very little of the org a OlsatlOn of the SIck Berth Reserv e In the early days of the war the St. John Am bulance Brigade uniform was again in evidence and the large numbers of th e Brigade then seen must have been a revelation to those accustomed only t o the small number s m e t with when u p for training. Later in the war the Brigade uniform dis a ppeared entirely from the Service. The men, how e ver, had not disappeared; they had merely e xchang e d the black and hite uniform of Brigade for the naval uniform of the SIck b e rth staff, WIth the letters S.B.R. below the arm badge.

Many medical officers retain ver y pleasant memories of the a s sistance render e d by th e se reservists both afloat

*Ori gin a ll y p ub li shed in the "Jou rn a l of the R oyal Naval Medic al Service," Octobe r 19 2 3

-FIRST

and ashore, and of their zeal and smartness and the way they picked up the work. It has therefore been considered that a history of the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve would be of interest to readers of this Tourna!.

Tne question of a reserve of male nurses appears to have been raised in 1894, when Sir James Dick was Medical Director·General, and in 1898 Sir Henry Norbury estimated that 90 to 100 temporary male nurses would be required to replace the sick berth ratings !:ent to ships from the naval hospitals. The various proposals apparently went no further that the preparation of bills stating the terms of pay, &c.; the idea being to call for volunteers from any source in times of emergency. In 1900 it was estimated that, in time of war, there would be a shortage of about 120 sick berth staff and it was then proposed to enter St. John Ambulance men.

In August, 1901, Inspector·General H. C. Woods, c.B., C.V.O., M.D., K.H.P., was appointed to the Admiralty to frame a scheme for the institution of a sick berth reserve, and presented his final r epo rt in December of that year. He estimated that the shortage of staff in time of war would b e 673, according to the complements then allowed, but argued that larger complements were necEssary in view of the casualties likely to occur in modern warfare. On thIS basis he estimated that a reserve of 1,000 male nurses would be required on the outbreak of hostili ties.

The question of Extending the Fleet Reserve to em brace the Sick Berth Staff was found to be impracticable, so it was decided to co-operate with the St. John Am bulance Brigade and the Ambulance Corps of St. Andrew in Scotland. Colonel C. W. B. Bowdler, Chief Commissioner of the Brigade in those days, took up the scheme with e nthusiasm and Inspector-General Woods must have found his assistance of great value.

It is to Inspector-General Woods that the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick B er th Resetve owes it institution, and it is interesting to note that his original report draws atten tion to the n e cessity for the systematic instruction in first aid of ce rtain ratings in H. M. ships and to the advisability of the senior medical officer of a flagship accompanying the admiral when carrying out his annual insp :l ctions.

There were many poi nts in favour of drawing these reserves from the St. John Ambulance Bri g ade;-

(a) It has a strength of nearly 10,000 men

(b) It was a highly organised body, a matter of great importance from the point of view of mobilization.

(c) The men were keen on their work.

(d) They had to maintain their efficiency year by year.

(e) They had numerous opportunities of putting their theoretical knowledge to a practical test.

(j) They were accustomed to discipline.

(g) In giving their services free at all large gatherings, on the railways, in mines, docks and streets, it was evident that they were influenced by the idea of giving help to others.

As the St. John Ambulance Brigade plays such an important part in the organisation of the Sick Berth Reserve, an account of th e Order of St. John and its various organisations will, it is hoped, b e of interest.*

The Order of St. John of Jerusalem took its origin at the close of the eleventh century, when hospitals were es-

" Extracted, by permission, from" The Grand Priory cf the Older of the 1Tospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England. Some particulars of the above"; "The origlO and Development of the Sl. John Amuulance Ass ociation ," by Sir John Furley, C.B., and "Six Lecture s to St.John V.A.D. Memb ers, " by Miss Theokla Bowser, F.J.1.

AID. - ovember, 1923.

tablished lor the relief of the Christian Pilgrims visiting the Holy City. It was about the year 1048 that cp.rtain merchants of Amalfi, a town not far (rom Naples, founded a hospital in Palestine, probably on the site of the old Christian Hospital which had existed for the use of thesp. pilgrims. They put in it a body of men who callec.1 themselves the Brothers of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem and who devoted themselves solely to the care of the sick and wounded. Later the BrothErhood form e d itself into an Order of Military Monks, undertaking as their special work the protection of pilgrims journeying to and (rom the Holy City.

About this time were instituted other orders, such as the Knights Templars, founded about 124, and the Teutonic Knights, but these were purely military in character. The first object of the Order of St. John was succour, and it was only after it had been founded for a good many years that it became a military Order.

The Knights originally took for th eir emblem the white cross on a red ground. Their robes were black with the eight-pointed whit e cross, and, in fighting, they wore over their armour a tunic of red with a large pai n while cross in the front. After the loss of P hodes 1h red robe was discarded, and black was worn as a sign of mourning. Since that time the colours of the Order have always been black and white.

In 1291 the Christians were finally turned out of Palestine by the Saracens, and the Ord r removed to Cyprus.

In 13 ° the Knights went to the Island of I' hod(;.s, where they became very powerful from the military poinl of view. They were attacked by the 'l'urks, but were victorious.

In 1522 the Turks aga in attacked Rhodes and captured it, but they allowed the armorial bearings to remain on the buildings out of respect to the Kn:ghts of the Order. There is still the famous "Street of the Knights," where each Lar.gue, or. nation, had its official house.

When the Knights were turned out of P hodes they wandered about Western Europe, trying to devise a means of recovering the island. Eventually the Grand Master, De L'Isle Adam, carne to England and was entertained in the Priory at Clerken well, where in I 130 the English branch of the Order had been established, and there in the beautIful old Council Room over the gate, Henry YIII met him and gave him nineteen great cannon and over a thousand balls.

In 1530 the. Emperor, Charles V of France, gra nt e d Malta to the Knights. In 1565 the Turks attacked and besieged the island, but were eventually defeated. This siege became very famous in history because of the magnificent stand made by the Grand Mast':!r, Jean d e la Va Iette, after whom the town of Valetta is named.

In 1798, Napoleon, who was very jealous of the Knights of St John, and thought they were much too powerful a body to be really safe, cast envious eyes on Malta. The French invaders took possession of the island and the Knights were once more scattered all over Europe.

That is a brief history of the Knights abroad, but the Order had its home in England from the year 1 30 when a great priory was built in Clerkenwell. The old Gatehouse which is the only part left of the Priory, was of course gate to the many acres of land which the Priory covered.

It is difficult to realize that the now busy main thoroughfare called Clerkenwell Road runs straight through what were the quiet fields and pasture lands where once there dwelt the Brothers of the Order in th",ir beautiful Priory house. The Priory Church of St. John, which lies on the opposite

November, 19 2 3. - FIR S T side of Clerk ('nwt II Road to the Gate, stood well within the ground.s, and the fine old crypt and portions of the walls sti ll f\lSt.

During the \Vat Tyler Insurrection in 138 [ the beautiful old Priory al Clerken\\'ell was partly ccnroyed by lire. It was 1iter rebuilt, and the Gatehouse was complt in J S04 by PI ior Docwra, who gave large sums for the purpose.

In T 540, Henry VIII dissolved the Priory, its Ja nes, and forbade the Knights to wear their The K night') were scattered, but Queen Mary, on succeeding to the throne, invit€ d them to return, and they wer,; reincOlp lrated by her in 1557.

Under () Lleen Elizabeth the English possessions of the Or der were again confiscated, and though Elizabeth did not act ually dissolve the Priory, little is heard of the Order in Eng land till its revival in the year 1834 It is, however, on the old Charter given by Queen Mary that Queen Victoria base d the on which she gave to the Order in 1888.

On May 14, 1888, in recognition of the Excellent work performed by the mem ber3 of Order or Fr.aternity during the past hnlf century-especially the establlshment

It is ,",cry difficult to trace the origin of the St. John Ambulmce Associaticn, but it seems to have been gradually evolved from the Red Cross movement which was becomir g actively prominent during the" sixties." The Order of St Tohn of Jerusalem in Eogla;)d was represented at the international Conference of Red Cross Societies in Berlin in 1869, and in 1870 many mem bers of the Order enrolled themselves in the newly f( rmed British National Aid Society, and W3re continuously engaged both at homp and abroad during the Franco-German war.

In 1878 it was dtfioittly decided that no Red Cros!! Society could fulfil its duties in time of war unless it were properly organized in time of peace.

At the Annual General Meeting of the Order of St. John, held in 18? 4, a paper was read entitled c: Observations on the preliminary care and attention necessary for accidental bodily inj uries and mutilations occurring in mines and establishments where many workpeople are employed." This was the first occasion at St. John s Gate on which broad lines were laid down by a competent authority on first-aid to the injured.

of the St. John Ambulance Association, which has done, an d is doing, such widespread and admirable work in the inte rests of humanity; and the foundation and support of the British Ophthalmic Hospital at J erusalem-Qlleen \ ictoria granted to them a new Royal Charter of tion by their old name and style of "The Grand Pnory of the Order of the Hospilal of St. John of Jerusalem in England." Her Majesty was graciously pleased to become the Sovereign Head and Patron of the Order. various gradr3 of the Order are as follows; A Grand Prior, a Sub-Prior, a Titular Bailiff of Egle, Honorary Ba iliffs, Command e rs, Honorary Commanders, Knight s of Justice, Lldies of Justice, Prt lates, Sub-Prelates, Chaplains, Knights of Grace, Ladies of Grace, Esquires, Strving Brothers and Sisters, with whom are assocIated, but not as members, Honorary Associates and Donats.

The badge of members is an eight-pointed o r Maltese of white enamel, embellished alternately at each of the principal angles with a lion guardant and a unicorn, both passant, either of gold or silver, according to the grade. It is worn suspended from a black watered silk riband.

It was in 1877 that the St. John Ambulance Associa tion carne into Existence as a Department of the Ordn of St. J oho, but its management and were kept independwt. The first centrewas establtshed at WoolWich, quickly followed by a Metropolitan centre, and the formation of centres at Sevenoaks, Maidstono, Worcester, Malvern and Southampton.

In J878 a great advance was made, especially amongst the Derbyshire and Nottingham collieries. The work was also taken up by the Metropolitan Police, and on one occasion at Scotland Yard, wher e there was a difficulty al)')ut the time for police classes, the men were asked by their officers whether they would prefer to forego first-aid instruction or give up part of the dinner hour; all the policemen who were preSEnt replied that they would rather sacrifice the recreation time.

(To be cOlltinNed) .

The "PLUMBER & JOURNAL OF HEATING" ( I S. monthly) is THE paper for all progressive tradesmen.-Publishing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C.4.

[A. J. T. Bellmall. Cheadl,. Cheadle Heath Railway Division which was formed this year.

WE are informed that Dame B e ryl Oliv e r, D.B.E., R.R.C., has resigned her appointment as Lady {)uartermaster-in-Chief of th r V oluntary Aid Detachments of the Ten i torial Branch, St. John Ambulance Association, which office she has held since r 914.

Dame Beryl Oliver has also resigned from the St. John Ambulance Brigade, which she joined in 1910, being in 19 I 2 to the rank of Lady District Officer, which she had held ever since.

1923.

She has resigned from the Cpntral Joint V.A. D. Council, and from the Joint Council of the Order of St. John and British Red Cross Scrlcty, on which Councils she had been fL repre"entative of the Order of St. John.

The Statistical Report published by the King's Fund concerning the 1 13 London hospitals contains a mass of interesting facts and figures. It shows that last year a thouwnd more beds were aV [l liable in those hospitals as compared with before the war (r 9 13), and th[l.t there were n en ly a million and a quarter more out -patient attendances. The income of the institutions in question was £ ,470,000 in 19I3 and in 1922. The 1922 income was made up of half a million from investments ( which gives some idea of th e capital sums involved), over £900,000 fro;n subscrip ions, donations and cent ral funds, nearly half a million or more than one-fifth of the total income, from patients themselv es, a quarter of a million from public authorities and £172,000 from expenditure of these hospita ls in 11)22 was over two and a half millions. That sum wa s spent princi pl lly under the following headings :-Pcovisions (£425,000), surgery and di"pEnsary (£245,000), domestic (£485,000), establish(£ 150,000), salaries and wages (£860,000), and admini f tration (£157,000). There was a on expenditure of over £,'200,000 as compared with H)2 r.

TliE ST. JOliN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

St. John Ambulance

Brigade Supplement.

Appointments, Etc.

1923.

The Chi f Commissioner has sanctioned the following appo intments, promotions, transfers and resignations :PRINCE OF WALES'S DISTRll.1'.

District Officer CapL F. Hayman resigned, 17.2.23

Beckton Division. Sergt. Alexander R. l\liller to be Ambulanc e Officer, 22. [0.23

Carshalton Divlsion.-Ple. Herbert James Moxon to be Divisiona l Supt., 22. [023

Pte. Wilham George Shelah to be Ambulance Officer, 22.10.23

No. 54 Gorringe Park) Nursing Division),-Ambulance

Sister Annie 11 udson to be Lady lJivisio nal SupL, 3. ro.23

l;rays lJl\ Ision. Divisional :::'urgcon L. Jacobs resigned, Il).1U.2.)

-Ambulance Officer Edgar James Dowding to be Divisional Supt., 8. IO.23

_

Weston-Super Mare Corps (\\- est :m-_S uper-:;\lare Division ).- Lady Ambulance Officer LydIa Ann Lockyer Lovdl to be Lady Divisional Supt. Louise Masters to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 19. 10 2 3

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Leicester Corps (.5argen t N ursing Division ). - Annie Elizabeth Smalley to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 10.9. 2 3

Peterborough Nursing Division. - Lady Ambulance Officer Eleanor Larman to be Lady D ivisio nal Supt., 18.10.23

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Ashton-under Lyne Division.-Sergt. John 'vVilliam Shel merdine to be Sergt.-l\lajor, 30.10.23

Bolton Sorps (Bolto n Headquarters Nursing Akkey Bamber Platt, M. B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 5,10.23

Dukinfield Nursing Division.-Jane Bennet to be Lady Am bulance Officer for Cadets, 259.23

Manc1lester and Salford Corps (Op enshaw Nursmg D ivi Smith, ilI.B., Ch,B., to be Div isional Surgeon 26. 102 3

Inquiries received by the Industrial Welfare Society pro,"e that many industrial firms will investigate the pOSSIbilities of organised accident preventi on during the winter months. As a branch of welfare work the prevention of avoidable accidents, which are largely due to the failure of the human element, offers great opportunities as an activity which can be carried on at negligible cos t, and it is encouraging to note that many welfare supervisors connected with the heavier trades are now entering upon campaigns. From e very p::>in t of view it is desirable that strong efforts should be made to reduce the heavy losses in life, health, money and time, caus e 3 by the type of accidents to which we refer, and it is certain that the personal qualities of welfare supervisors and others employed in similar positions will ensure an adequate return for the energy e:xp:::nded. ***

N ex t to the non-swim mer who sees a drowning man and is unable to help, psrhaps the greatest feel'ng of impotence is that experienced by a man or woman present a t an accident in the street or at the factory, and without any rudimentary knowledge of First Aid to assist the VIctim. Compulsory First-Aid Classes for everyone has been suggested, but if this is impracticable or the next best thing is to stimulate voluntary interest in the subject.

Limehouse DivlsiJn - Sergt. Joseph Fasht to be Ambulance Officer, 2.10.23

London Post Office Corps (Ki ng Edward Building Division). l'te. harks Coker to be Ambulance Officer, 29.10.23

l'te. Leonard \\ Illialll Saunders to be Ambulance Officer, .)u.1O.23

Royal Arsenal Division.-Pte Charles Hallock to be Ambulance Ufficer, 22.10.23

South Metropolitan Gas Company Co rps (No. Division ). --Sergt. FrederiLk Fodd ering to be Ambulance Officer, 1.10.23

Sergt. Edward Charles William Perridge to be Ambulance Offic er, 2.10.23

Tottenbam Division.-Sergt. William Pennyfather West to be Ambulance Officer, 22.10.23

Walthamstow and District Corps ( No. 29 Walthamstow Divisi on ) -Pt e. Arthur George Mattacks to be Transport Officer, 23.10.23

Walthamstow and District Corps (No_ 11 \Valthamstow)

Nursi ng Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer Isabel Webb to be Lady Divisional Supt., 26.SJ.23

No. 18N (Whit ehall ) Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulanc e Officer Catherine L. Curtis to be Lady Divisionl aSupt., 29. 10 2 3

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Bournemouth Nursing Division. - Lady Ambulance Offic er Miss E. Thompson transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 22.lj.23

Sandown Nursing Division.-Lady Divisional Supt. M. C Mackintosh resigned, 16.10.23

Weston-Super-Mare Corps.-Divisional Supt. Samuel John Bailey to be Corps Supt., 8.10.23

Ambulance Officer Walter Tottle to be Corps Officer, 8.10.23

Weston-Super-Mare Corps (Weston-Super-Mare Division).

Blackpool Nursing Division.-Annie Heaton to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 26.10 2j

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Barnoldswick NurSIng Division.-Lady Divisional Supt J. Green resigned, 18.10.23

Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Bell 6.1 I.2 >. Brighouse Corps.-Corps Officer J. HallIday reSigned 23. 10 2 3

Brodsworth Main Corps.-Corpl. Albert Charles Ridley Davies to be Corps Sergt.-Major, 5.10.23

13rodsworth Main Corps (B rodsworth Nursing Division )

-Dorothy Elizabeth Bunting to be Lady Divisional Supt. 3 SJ ·23, vice Mrs. Pickering resigned

Brodsworth Main Corps (Woodlands Division).-John \Vylie, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 5.10.23

l\lartin Cassidy to be D ivi sional Supt., po.23

Ernest Keeton to be Ambulance Officer, 5.10.23

Henry Thornley to be Ambulance Officer, 6.10.23

Denaby Main Corps (A sk ern Nursing Division).-Ada

Blanche Phillips to be Lady Divisional Supt., 22.9.23

Denaby Main Corps ( \Vath-on-Dearne Division).-

William Charles 'vVinch to be Arr.bulance Officer, 31.10.23

Dewsbury and District Corps (Horbury Division).-Hugh

London Neil, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 5.1O.:l3

George William Griffin to be Divisional Supt., 23.10.23

Halifax Corps (Eiland Nursing Division).- Sarah Hannah

Kershaw to be Lady Divisional Supt., 28.9.23

Leeds Corps.-Sergt. John Barran, :=-.r.M., to be Corps Sergt.-Major, 10.10.23

Leeds Corps (Stanningley Nursing Division ).-

Catherine Elizabeth Howorth to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 23. 10 23

Leeds Corps (Hunslet and Holbeck Division ) - Corporal

Herbert Goodwill Pearson to be Ambulance Officer, 10.10.23

Longton and District Corps.-John l\Iiller Johnstone, M.B., Ch. B., to be Corps Surgeon, 10.10.23

AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. - November, 19 2 3

Nottingham Corp;; (City Division).-Nelson Frank Baylis to be Divisional Supt., 5 10.23, vice Supt. Hutton transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 23-923

Nottingham Corps (Portland Division). - Ambulance Officer E. Beavan to be Divisional Supt., 12.10.23

Sergt. Harold Oscroft to be Ambulance Officer, 25.10.23

Sergt. Harold Lilley to be Ambulance Gfficer, 26.10.23

Sheffield Corps (Heeley Nursing Division).-Ethel Thornton to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 23.10.23

Spalding Division.-Capt. Guy Bowder Armstrong to be Divisional Supt., 5.10 23

Staveley Corps (Works Division).-Robert Devan Nangle Smart, M.D., Ch.B, to be Divisional Surgeon, 22.10.23

Ernest Purdy to be Divisional Supt., 22.10.23

vVil!iam Freeman to be Aml.mlance Officer, 22.10.23

Wharncliffe Silkstone Division.-Thomas William Norton L.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., L.F.P.S.G to be Divisional Surgeon, 9. 10 2 3

Fred Bottomley to be Ambulance Offi c er, 9 10.23 NO.6 DISTRICT.

Bridlington Nursing Division.-Catherine Holmes Field to be Lady Divisional Supt., 19.9.23

Eston Division.-J ames Butcher McCallum to be Ambulance Officer for Cadets, 19 10.23

Hoden Colliery Division.-Sergt. Robert Raines to be Ambulance Officer, 16.10.23

Hull Corps (Eastern Division ).-Edwin Frank Deacon, L. M.S.S.A., to be Divisional Surgeon, 23.10.23

Hull Corps (Eastern Nursing Divislon).-Hendrik Goudman-Wildeboer, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S., L.R.F.P.&S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 17.10.23

Hull Corps (Kingston Nursing Division).-Lady Ambulance Officer Anne Emily Cheape to be Lady Divisional Supt.,

Newcastle·on-Tyne Corp;; ( Friends Division ).-Sergt. William Richard Whitehead to be Ambulanr:e Officer, 19· 10.23

North Durham Corps (Gateshead Fell Division ).-Divisional Surgeon \V. Smith, Divisional Supt. 1\1. Pearson, Ambulance Officers J. Butler and T. Turner resigned, 7.923

North Tyneside Corps (Percy ::.\Iain Division).-Sergt. Anthony Dudds Blakey to be Ambulance Officer, 11).10.23

S:arborough Nursing Division.-Leonard Snowden Debenham to be Divisional Surgeon, 23 10.23

Scarborough Division.-Ambulance Officer F. Colclough resigned, I, 11 23

St Hilda Division -Sergt. Joe B. Purvis to be Ambulance

OHi cer, 10 10. 23

NO. 7 DIS1H.lCI

District Officer Capt. L. Hines resigned, 26.lCJ.23

Oswestry Nursing Division.-Thomas Alexander Weston, M.B., B.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 23.10.23, vice Divisional Surgeon R Marshall resigned

No.8 DISTRICT.

Brighton and Hove Corps (Hove Division) --Corporal

Charles George \Vood to be Ambulance Officer, 30 10 2 3

Canterbury Division.-Supt. J. Daniel transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 29 10.23

quildford. Corps (Camberley and Windlesham Nursing

Dlvlslon ) Allee Sara Hoyd Ward to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 22.10.23

Borough of Reigate Corps ( Redhill Division ).-Charles Henry James, F.R.C.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 11.10.23

No. 9 DISTRICT.

Borough of Plymouth Corps (Plymouth Central Division). Hood Howard to be Ambulance Officer for Cadets

2.11. 2 3

Newton Abbot Corps (Newton Abbot Division).-Divisional Surgeon J. Culrose resigned, 6.1 I.23

No. I DISTRICT.

Chipstead Valley Division.-John Alexander MacMurthy

M.D., M.B., 13.Ch., to be Divisional Surgeon 26.10.23 1

YictoriaStation Division.-H. Carson L.R.C.P.&S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 26.10.23

No. 12 DISTRICT.

Lady Corps Supt. Mr. Kathleen Shanks to be Lady District Officer,!. 1023

NEW DIVISIONS, &C. Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Henley-on-Thames Nursing DiVision. Disbanllecl, 6.1 \.23

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Palfrey \\' orking Men ' s Club Division. - SLtnctloned, 20.10.23

Walsall (L.M.&S. R.) Division. - Sanctioned, 19.1023

Tewark School Nursing Division. - Re-n3med "Arthur

Faire II Nursing Division, 6. [1.23.

Banbury Division.-Disbanded, 6.11.23

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Blackpool Cadet Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, Jl.IO 23

Whaley Bridge Cadet Ambulance and Nursing Divisions.

-Sanctioned, 31. 10.23

Heaton Park NUr5mg Division. -To form part of the Manchester and Salford Corps, 1.1 I.23

NO.5 DISTH lCT.

Holbrooks Colliery Division .- SanctIOned, 1 10.2 3

Ripley Division.-Sanctioned, 11.10 2 )

Staveley Corps. Sanctioned, 23 10.23. To comprise Staveley Ireland Colliery Ambulance and ursing Divisions.

Hartington Collieries Di\ ision. Staveley Works Division.

Warsop Main Colliery Worksop Cadet DiVISion.

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Gateshead Fell Division. Disbanded, 9 , 1 f.2 3

No.8 DISTRICI.

Gravesend Division.-Sanctioned, 10. 10.23

NO. 9 DISTRICT.

Pembroke Cadet Divislon. - Sanctioned , 2. I.2 3

JAMES R. A. CL ,\RK (Colonel), Chief Commissioner.

Treatment for Internal Hremorrhage.

Keep the pJ.tient lluite rest, Bare the neck, maybe the chest Plenty of air, but if hard to ga i n, Fan the patient , and don t refrain. Spray cold water o er the face, Smell salts to the nostrils pb.ce.

Stimulants be sure you must withhold C ntil the h morrhage is controlled. Sips of cold water will be a boon; An ice ba15, too, may be used soon. Should the patient then collapse, Raising the feet may help, perhaps.

I f insufficient, well, then be bolder, And bandage up from toe to shoulder. Take no more risks, in this be sure, A doctor's aid you must procure. A. Headquarters, Birminghalll.

A course of instruction (or ladies on Home Nursing, to be followed by an will be held at St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, beginning on Wednesday, January nnd, 1924, at 6,30 p.m. Honorary L-;cturer: Lieut.Col. F. A. Brooks, M. D. for the course and eHrr.ination, 4S. The Chit: f Secretary, St. John Am bulance Association, St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, E C. It will be pleased to s e nd forms of application fot mem bership on receipt of a stamped addressed envelop::.

ovember, 1923.

PR I ORY FOR WALES.

Brigade News.

Al'POINTl\lENTS, OCTOBER, 1923.

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Ambulance Committee:-

C\H.MAR HEN C; 1I1 RE CENTRE.

Kidwelly Division.-James Dewar Robertson, M B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon (Probationery), 22.I023·

l'rivate Henry Fisher to be Divisional Supt. Probationary ) , 22.10.23

Saron Dlvision.-John Henry Morgan to be Divisional

!::J upt. 22.10 Z3

\N S IlIRE CbN IRE.

l'ontypridd Corps. --Ambulance Officer Vv'illiam Frederick Townsend to be Corps Treasurer, 22.10 23

Flaldau I nstitute and Garw 1\ursing- DiviSIOn - Acting Div. Surgeon Thomas Rufus Bowen, 1\1. RC.S., L.R.e.p. ( Lond. /) O. P. H. Oxford to be Divisional Surgeon, 22.10.23

Great We s tern Colliery Division. - .\mbulance Officer

C harles Floyd to be Divisional Supt. 22.10.23

Central Division -Acting Supt. George Herbert Denson James to be Divisional Supt. 22.10.23

J\[ar time and Penrhiw Division.-Ambulance Officer

Ri c hard Hewer to be Divisional Supt. 22.10 23

Penallta Colli e ry Division. - John Davies, M.D., L.R.C.S., to be Divisional Surl"eon ( Probationary), 22.10.23

Skewern Division. David Samuel, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., to lI e Dl\ Isional Surgeon and Supt. l'(obationary ), zZ.IO.23

DOIO Lu ll Ol Nl'.WIUI.:.T l..bNll<.K

Newport ;\lon ) Corps.-Divisional Supt. Charles Henry Hopkins to be Corps Secretary, 22.10.23

Appollltrnents and promotions sJ.nctioned by the Commis !:l ioner for \Yales -

l,AIU l,\11Hl lllIU CI NIRI.

Kidwelly Division.-Private Theophtlus Cravell to be Ambulance Ufficer Probationary ) 15.10.23 ; Private Thomas

John Edwards to be Sergt. 15.10.23; Private IIarold l\1organ Walters to be Corporal, 15.10.23; Private David John Morgans to be Corporal, 1,.10 23

Saron Divislon.-Corporal R. Vincent Thomas tu be Ambulance Officer, I, 1023: Private Herbert George Tidto be Ambulance Officer and Secretary, 12.10 23;

Pnvate Thomas Pugh Bevan to be Sergeant. 11.10.23; Private William Walters to be Corporal, 12.10.23 ; Private Alexander Lloyd to be Corporal, 11.10.23

Trimsaron Division.-Corporal William Harris to be DiVisional Storekeeper, -1.10.23

GLM,lORG ,\!'<SII I RE CE n :. E.

David Caredig \Villiams to be Staff Officer, 25.9.23.

Cwm Colliery Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister

El1zabeth Browning to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 25.9.23

Ffaldau Institute and Garw Divi,ion.-Private Ebenezer George Howells to be Sergeant (Supernumerary), 22.10.23

Llanharan Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Gertrude Wood to be Lady Divisional Secretary, 29.10.23

Maesteg Central Division.-Private Thomas George Howells to be Ambulance Officer, 22. IO.23; Private David Henry Llewelyn to be DiVisional 22.IO.23

l\1aesteg Central Cadet Division.-Acting Sergeant \Vtlham l'rice to be Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes,

Nantyffylon Cadet Division.-Private Charles Cavill to be Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes, 22.ro.23

Penallta Colliery Division.-Private William Davies to be Divisional Secretary, 22.1023; Private Abraham lYJoore, M.E., to be Divisional Treasurer, 22.10.23; Private Herbert Spiller to be Divisional Storekeeper, 22.10 23

Skewen Division.-Private Ernest John Burnett Trott to be Ambulance Officer ( Probationary), and Secretary, 17.10.23

Private Hugh Benjamin Gardiner to be Sergeant, 18.10.23; Private David John Bowen to be Corporal, 18.10.23 ; Private Thomas Williams to be Corporal and Divisional Storekeeper, 18.10.23 ; Private David Llewellyn Davies to be Di\'isional Treasurer, 18. 10 23

Mmnr OUTHSHIRE CENTRE.

Pontypool Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Elizabeth Preece to be Lady Divisional Secretary, S. ro.23 ; Ambulance Sister Edith George to be Lady Divisional Treasurer, 5.10.23 ; Ambulance Sister Mary Pearce to be Lady Divisional Storekeeper, 5.10.23

Pontypool North Cadet Division. - Cadet Tames Thomas to be Cadet Corporal, 28.9 23

Cn \ 01 G.\RD1l1 CEX'lRL.

Cardiff Emergency Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Mary Davis to be Lady Divisional Storekeeper, I. ro.23

BOI'OU G ([ 01 l\'EW PO RT CEXTRE.

Newport Town Cadet Division.-Cadet James H. Morgan to be Cadet Sergeant, 28.923

BOROUGH OF RRONDDA CENTRE.

Tydraw Division.-Private John Rees Morgan to be Sergeant, If ).1O.2) ; Private David Arthur Jones to be Corporal, 10. 10.2 3 l rivate David Lloyd Jones to be Corporal, 10.10.23

NE\\ D1\ IS IONS.

New Divisions sanctIOned during the month :-

G.I,R :\L\ R TllLN .3 l1IRL CENTRL.

Pont yates Ambulance Division) 13. lU.23

CJ \ \lOR u.I,N Cwm Colliery - ursing Division, 26.<).23

General Interest.

ST. JORN ORTHOPAEDIC CLINIC, S,, ANSEA.

The second year's working of the St. John Orthopaedic Out-Patient Clinic was completed on Wednesday, 17th October, 1<)23. The record of the work done during the yea.r bears splendid testimony to the gn.:at want this institution is fulfilling arr.ung those requiring electrical ar;d llllssage treatment. A total number of 15,248 attendances were made by ex , s2rvice men and civilians, and 32,363 treatments performed. This is an increase of 7,390 treatments on the previous year.

The Swansea Clinic was erected by the IJriory at thl. of the Ministry of Pensions in 192 I for the treatment of ex-service men. The accommodation comprises two large rooms where pensioners are treated, Doctors' Consulting Room, Patients'Waiting Room, Matron's Office, Staff Room, Store Room and a room has now been set apart for the treatment of civilians. This provision is greatly appreciated by the peoplt:: in the district as it is tll(;

110 - Flit S TAl n. -

only clinic of this kind within a VHy large arel. The tr6atment rooms are well equipped with thc most modern electrical apparatus consisting of 3 Combined Tables complete with Galvanic, Faradic and Metronome appliances) 1 Gllvanoset, 2 Smarte Bristow Coils, Motor Vibrators, Radient Heat B.lths, 2 sets 4 cell Schnee b lths with pedestals) plinths and screen. In addition to the various forms of electrical treatment patients receive massage and Swedish Remedial exercise.

Massage is the oldest of all therapeutic means - It has been practised from times, immemorial, and by the most primitive people Although it was held in high esteem by the leading Greek Physicians it fell into disrepute with the profession durins the Middle Ages, apparently on account of the drastic results of its misuse by untrained persons. The same trouble makes itself felt to-day, and can only met by the most scmpulous care in the choice of agents and the manner of their It is therefore much more satisfactory t) obtain this valuable treatment at a recognised institution equip?ed with competent masseuses, and thL! Priory is aiming at establishing similar clinics in several industrial areas in Wales.

AilIBULA .l CE DEl·ARTflIENT.

During the month of October EXlminations Wtr .; conducted by the Priory in connection with the Brithd ir, Newport Police, Bagillt Abertysswg G.W.R, Cathay.5 Loco G.W.R., and Taibach Classes, and reexaminations in connectIon with th e following Divisions :Penarth Tur.5ing, F{aldau Institute and Garw Nursing, and the Pontypool, Dowlais G.W.R., Abergavenny, Garnant G.W.R., Tonyrefail & Coedely, Merthyr B)rough, Gwauncae gurwen, G.W.R., Cathays Loco. G.W.R., Ffaldau Institute & Garw, Penydarren, and Newport Ambulance Divisions.

The Commissioner for the Aberdare Centre, Dr. R. Baird Milne, has submitted a splendid programme of work f::>r the coming session, giving particulars of fifteen classes which are now meeting in his district. That Dr. Milne has been able to direct the interest of a tot al number of five hundred men and women towards the study uf First Aid is proof of his assiduous and untiring energies.

It is also interesting to note th at arrangements hal e been made for the holding of an ambulanc e class at the South Wales and Monmouthshire School of Mines, Treforest.

Centre Reports.

CARNARIONSHIRE CENTRE

I' he Annual Inspection of the Llandudno Ambulance Division was conducted by t he Commissioner for Wales on October 26th. There was a splendid attendance, and the smart appearanc e of the unit great credit upon Dr. F , Caldecott, the Officer-in-Charge. The activities of the Priory have not yet been fully opened up in the County of C a rnarvon, but the Ambulance Division is very active, and the work of members on all public and other sions has gained for it much local popUlarity. Dr. Caldecott is very anxious to have an efficient motor ambulance transport service established in the North, similar to that set up by the Priory for the South Wales Coalfield, and the establishment of one of the Priory's Medical Comforts Depots in Llandudno is now under consideration.

DENBIGHSl1IRE CENTRE.

The resignation of Colonel J. E. H. Davies, D.S.O., M.R.e.S., as Commissioner for tht Denbighshire Centre has been received with r eg ret. Colonel Davies has been closely associated with the Order for many years. He W<l5 the first Commission e r appointed by the Priory in Denbighshire, and was Colonel in command of the :)oth St. John Field Ambulanc e, a unit r.lised at requ e st of the Welsh Army Council and composed e ntir el y of members of the Sr. John Ambulance Brigade. Of Colonel Davies it is said that no e.0. eoj)yed morc of the confidence and devotion of his men, and the heroic services and luyalty of the unit proj ed th e 130th Sr. John Field AmbulancL! to be in every way worthy of repr c,enting the Order in France.

The President of the Den bighshire Centre, Colonel Sir 'Vatkin Williams Wynn, Bart, C.R, at the unani[l'!ous request of the Committee, Ins nominated Dr. C. b Salt of Chilk to succ ee d Colonel Davies. Dr. Salt has interested in ambulance WO] k ever since he C:lme into the County. He was closely associated with the Llte Dr. J D. Lloyd, the past ChaiLman of this who was a great enthusiast and a devoted SUppOI ter of the work of the Priory, and wh03e practic e has recently II; en taken over by Dr. Salt,

The arrangements for public ambula nce duty in connection with the visit of HIS Royal Highn :i, the Prince of Wales to North Wales, were made by the Priory. At the request of th e Chi;:f Constablt:: for Denhigbshire, George T. Guest Esq, three spec III ambulance stations were Erected at Wrexham, and the Chirk, Rhos, and Vron S ec tion Ambulance V,visions, under the command of Acting Superintendent Dr. C. E. Slit, Superintendent D. J. Williams and Sergeant D. Jones, supplied personnel.

'SHIRE

At Crynant in the Neath Valley an ambulance dIvision, which has been more or less moribund since 19 I 9, has recently been revived At a meeting held for lhi:i purpose in the Public Hall, Crynant Mrs. W. Bickerton Edwards pre sided in the absence of h':!r husb.lnd and was ::i upported by Alderman David Daniel, Chairman of the Glamorgan County Council Dc. and Mrs. Armstrong ; Sir Hel bert a nd Lldy L-:wis Mr. Thomas Thol111S, M E. Mr. W. H. Osmond and

The Commissioner for Wales, at the request of th e Colliery Repre:;entatins and others present, explained in detail the working of th e Transport Service of the Priory, and also the duties of amuulance men in th e mines and their position under the acts of Parliament. He urged the young men and young women to tak e up am bulance WOI k a s a hobby during the coming winter months, and expressed a hope that they would also interest themselves in the welfare of the children by assisting them to study 6rst aid so that they might join the Boy and Girl Cadet Divisions of the Brig a de and fit thems el ves for service in the interests of mankind He reminded them that the thought of the c hildren to-day was the act of the generation 01 to-morrow

Alderman David Daniel r ellJi nded the men that they were now without a Transport Service and thought they should take a little trouble t u look into the matter and arrange, if pctSlible, for the whole of the Dulais ValLey to become affiliated with the Transport Service of the Priory. He explained that isolat ed cars own e d privately were of little value as complred with an organis ed system of transport upon which they could always rely, and ur ge d every man to subscribe, feeling certain the Colliery Owners would do likewise

Certificates we re presented by Lady Lewis who spoke

To vember, 1923. -FIRS T

nO Medical Comforts Depots of the Priory and the work of the nurses.

A public meeting was held in connection with the Na ntgarw Ambulance Division on October 20th. Mr. H. Goldsworthy presided in the ahsence of Mr. W. II. Davies and first aid certificates and awards were prEse nted to successful students by Capt. T. E. Richards, who referred to th e great value of First Aid and Home Nursing and made a strong appeal for the formation of a nursing division. Councillor T. Edwards in pr e senting an eb o ny walking stick to Dr. MacNabb on behalf of the Nantgarw class, to whom he lectures, promlsed to do all in his power to support the ambulance movement in th e district.

CITY OF CARDIFF CE 'T RE ..

\t a smoking concert hpld in Cardiff on October 20th in connection with the Cardiff Emergency Divi&ion and Great Westeln Railway Ambulance Classes, Mr. F. G. Wainwright (Divisio na Supt.), who presented efficien cy awards to rnem ber!; of the Traffic and Locom oti ve Classes. 1em bers of the Traffic Ambulance Team wh o came second in th e recent Newport Competition were each

AI D.- III

quarters of a medical comforts depot from which large rruantities of equipment are issued on loan each year to homes where it is needed . During the summer months an ambulance station at the island is attended regularly by the membH5 for the purpose of rendering first aid in the 11l1ny instances of minor accidents which occur d'lily.

Sir William James Thomas, But., who is a director of the Great Western Railway, formally pre c:;e nt f' d pri ze s and awards gained by mem brrs of the Great Western Raih\ay Barry Ambulance Classes at the St. John Ambulance Hall, Broad -street. Barry. Mr. G. G. V. PenningtoD, dock supt. Barry Decks, presided.

Mr. B. Carpenter Mr. }. H. Vickery, chief docks manager to the Great Western Railway) regretted the absence of Mr. Vickery who took a very keen interest in all matters appertaining to am bulance, and was very gratified with the success oi the Barry classes. Eighty-eight m embe rs ha d passed the examination held under th e auspic: s of the Welsh Priory, and in the docks divisional competitions the B :.1r ry teams won three prizesthe second prize in the advanced competition, and the second and fourth in the beginners' competition.

Sir William James Thomas said ambulance work was

presenLd with gift and it is interesting to note that the of thiS tea belong to the Cardiff Emergency DIVISion and were tralOed by Supt. W. H. J ohnsoD, M ajo r F. T. Rp.es, M.l., Commissioner for the City of Cardiff dtputis e d Sir H"rbert Lewis, K.B.E., and distnbuted ambulance awards to members of the Cardiff Div i<:io n. Supt. Johnson received a bar to his serVIce medal.

.

. !he exceptional standard of efficie ncy of the Barry DlVls.IOn St. John:Ambulance Brigade a nd the Barry NurslOg DIVISIon was commented upon by Major F. T. Rees, M.C., Commissioner for Cardiff, who, accompanied by Staff Officer Bernard E. Maberly and L'ldy Staff Officer vy. Pardoe, O.B.E, R R.C., conducted the annual inspechon at the county s chool grounds on Octo her 2 st. There was a full parad c) in charge of Supt. F. R. Hortop and Lady DIvisional Supt. Mrs. A. Paul and Sergt. E. Paul paraded a troop of cadets.

The Barry divisions, which have a total strength of 100, have by their splendid services earned the gratitude .of the local people. They were responsible for the erection of an ambulance hall, which is the head-

of the utmost importance, and he hoped the movement at Barry would progress. He was glad. to see that already they held a record as the largest class m the docks division that at the last. ?ew members gained the!r first year certificates. SIr WIlham particularly congratulated Mr. F R. Horte p, Mr. T. Morris, and Mr. E. Paul, who Wi:Te presented. with the qreat Western gold medal fifteen y:ars contmuous effiCIency in first aid . Pnvate F. BIShop, a member o[ the Cardiff City Division, on rtturning from ambulance duty at th e Playh?use on Saturday, 20th October, was called to render first aId to a man whose body had just been recovered from a canal.. Artificial respiration was immediately WIth great success, and the patient wa s re.moved III one of the Priory'S motor ambulanc e ; to the CIty Lodge. From Mr. Bishop accomplnied the on anoth e r Journey and gave valuable assistance m. the removal of a case to the Cardiff Infirmary. Private only took his first .aid certificate in July last, and it IS .hoped that the reputatIOn he has gained will be maintamed over a long and useful connection with am bulance work.

St. John Orthop,l di r Cli nic, Swansea.

IJ2 -FIRST

On October 23rd, first aid was rendered with remarkable succe3S by Private E. E. Johnson, of the Cardiff City Division in a case of attempted suicide. On entering a house in Cardiff Mr. Johnson found a girl apparently dead with her head in a gas oven. With admirable of mind he turned the glS off, openej the window, took the patient into tli open air and resorted to method of artificial respiration. After working strenuomly for almost two hours the girl recovered and the medical officer warmly complimented Private Johnson on his efficiency and perseverance, which had been the means of sa\'i ng a life.

The Nursing Divisions in the C:udiff Centre are alsCl doing good wcrk. Demonstrations on ho:ne nursing are frequently given, in connection with mothers' meetings and other simIlar gatherings. On October 22nd, Miss Mabel Kernick lectured on first aid and nursing work to the Broadway Wesleyan Church Guild.

BOROUGH OF RHONDDA CENTRE.

Thc Llwynypia Division held a social and musical evening on October 4th in honour of Dr. Idris Naunton Morgan, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P" J P., on his appointment as an Honorary Associate, and of Supt. David Morgan, M. E., and Ambulance Officer William Rees Matthews on being made Honorary Serving Brothers of the Order, all of whom were invested with insignia of the Oruer by the Principal Secretary and Commissioner for Wales. Mr. Clark, M.E., presided, and among those prespnt were Mr. William John, M.P., Capt. T. E. Richards, Commissioner for the Borough of Rhondda Centre, and Miss Richards, Divisional Surgeon Dr. W. Watkins, Stan Officer George Payne and L'3.dy Supt. Mrs. Payne. Mr. John Morris! who for twenty-fiv e years has acted as Treasurer of the Llwynypia Division, was presented with a suitably inscribed walking stick in recognition of his long service.

A social evening and presentation of ambulance awards to members of the Llw)'nypia Nursing Division was held on October 11th at Tonypandy. The chair wa') taken by Divisional Supt. David Morgan, M. K, who encouraged the nurses to work hard to maintain the efficiency they had attained, as unless te e ), kept in practical touch with the work they would lose the knowledge they bad gained. In a letter apologising for his absence, Capt. T. E. Richards, Commissioner for the Borough of Rhondda Centre, referred to the urgent necessity for the formation of additional Home Nursing Classes in the locality. L'3.dy (Herbert)

O.B. K, the Deputy Lady Supt. for Wales, in an interesting address, referred to the development of the Llwynypia Nursing Division which, although its nominal strength had increased but little during the last four years, had made real progress, as a large number .of the members had taken up nursing professionally so that the preliminary training they had obtained in the Division had fitted them for a noble calling. L'ldy Lewis made special reference to the advisability of interesting the young people in First Aid work, and great blessing which the Medical Comforts Depots were proving in the various areas.

The Fernhill Ambula.nce and Nursing Divisions held a luncheon at the Dunrann Schools, Treherbert, On Octo· ber 27th, when first aid and home nursing certificates anl prizes were presented to successful candidates by Capt. T. E. Richards, assisted by Mr. T. L. Mort, M. E.

During the evening Divisional Supt. W. J. Matthews was presented with a fountlin pen by the members, and the gathering was addressed by Mr. T. L. Mort, M .E , Capt. T. E. Richards and Dr. R. elson, the chss instructor.

1923

November, 19 2 3 -FIRST

Reviews.

THE BRITISH NURSE IN PEACE AND WAR.

AID. - 1I3

The" John Player" Ambulance Shield Competition.

December R.h is the date fixed for the annual inspec· tion cf the members of the Brynmawr Division who have joined the Royal Naval Auxili.uy Sick Bellh ReEerve.

A conference of ambulance worker5 will be held at Pontypridd on Saturday, November 17th.

The President for the Fintshire Centre, V:nd Mostyn, is considering f Jr the Flintshirc County Committee, which will shortly be formej to open up the work of the Priory in that County.

The Newport Town Cadet Division were successful in winning the " Herbert Lewis II Cup in the Junior Ambulance CompE'tions at the Semi·National Eisteddfod held in Newport on October 31st.

A certain gentleman of the medical profession hac; returned his Examiner's fees as a donation to the Priury, and has also given a h trophy in another's name for ambulance competition. .nt ill, a S,'o, dlJl((lI, his unique €\.3.mple is one worthy to be followed.

The Llanelly COl poration are making arrangements to house, free of cost, one of the Priory's Ambulance Cars, and to give an annual grant towards its upkeep.

It is hoped next month to give particulars of the new V.A.D. Scheme, which it is expected will be officially issued by the Centre Joint V.A.D. Council almost immediately. There is every likelihood of Scotland and Wales having Committees of their own, working, of course, under the Central Council.

The Abertillery Division, renowned in the ambulance world for its marked €fficiency, has d cci d-;d to hold each year an open comp e:i tion for teams of men holding a certificate of the St. John Ambulance .\.')5ociation in England, Ireland and Wal s. The" Ince" challenge Ehield, a beautiful trophy valu ed at 3S guineas, prE se nted to the Abertillery Division for this purpose by Charles Esq., has been ve,ted in the Trustees of the Priory, and December 26th is the date fixed for the first competition.

Further particulars and the c:mditions governing this comp3tition may be obtained on application to Mr. A. O. Gibbs, Arrael Flat, Abertill€1Y, Mon.

---._.---

By the gracious permission of his Majesty the Kin[, the Joint Council of the Order of St. John and the British Red Cross Society were enabled for the fourth year in succession, to entertain to a tel and musical programme in the Royal Riding School of Buckingham Palace on Monday, in commemoration of Armi3tice DlY, 700 sick and wounded pensioner patients drawn from twenty hospitals in the London Area and under the control of the Ministry of Pensions.

The & PAINTERS' MAGAZiNE I' (15. m()nthly)

i5 THE trade paper for all interested.Publishing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C.,of.

By Elizabeth S, Haldane, C.H., London: John Murray. Price

7s. 6d.

net.

FI{OM Sairey Camp to Florence Nightingale and after What a transformation!! Yet such is the story of The Britislz NurSE: which not only sets out the strange beginnings and progr essive developments of a noble profession, alike in its civilia n and military aspects, but also seeks to stimulate public inter est in the further advance of the science and art of Nursing.

:\liss Haldane merits our sincere congratulations on the way with which she deals with her subject which will prove particularly attractive to those of our readers who, as members of the Brigade, carryon the traditions of the Order of St. John by devoting their leisure moments to work in hospitals.

For ourselves we have read the book with interest and Indeed with fascination which made it well-nigh impossible to lay the book down until we had accumulated all its historical facts and imbibed its stirring enthusiasm and clarion call to persev ere in efforts which strive for the cure and prevention of illness and the betterment of the commonwealth of nations within the British Empire.

I' DIOLOGY FOR TL'RSES.

By Harold Wigg

London: The Press, Ltd.

Price IS. 6d. nd.

THE modern nurse has so improved her professional status and so widened the scope of her usefulness that she has well rrerited the title, sometimes given her to-day, of "junior partner to the doctor. If her tastes lie in the direction of RadIOlogy, then she will read with interest and instruction this lIttle book, which has been written with the hope that it will provide the mltial instruction necessary to enable her to carry out the duties in the '\.·Ray Department and to avoid the pitfalls which beset the beginner. I n view of these facts Radio· :ol!Y for ;\IIJ'SIS is a thoroughly practical book written by an expert; and, unlike some of its contemporaries, it carries its objects to a successful issue.

J::\DIAN :\IANUAL OF FIRST-AID. ny Colonel R. J, Blackham, C.B., 1\1.D., &:c. Bombay: G. Claridge &: Co., Ltd. London Agents: Dale, Reynolds &: Co.

Price 2S. net.

TllAl' this Manual has supplied a want amongst Ambulance Workers in India is evidenced by the fact that to-day we extend a cordial welcome to the 35th edition within ten years first publication. Clearly Colonel Blackham is not content w.lth what he has done in the past since he makes full use of hIS opportunities of revising his Manual periodically. He thus brings it well up·to·date and introduces many improvements.

We, note that this issue of the Indian Jlanualof First Ald, is the official organ of the Indian Branch of the Asso:latlOn, has been brought completely into line with the latest edi tion of our Textbook. Further. the book, which keeps strtctly within the limits of First-Aid, offers here and there. further suggestions for cases in which, owing to the conditions in India, there may be serious delay in obtammg medical aid. conside.r, there/ore, that the Manual should prove m,terestmg and tnstructlve to all earnest students of FirstAId, the subject is handled concisely and explicitly, and that It IS absolutely indispensable to all First-Aiders and others u,nskilled in this science who are either resident in (or to ) Tropical climates because it deals tncidentally WIth certam emergencies rarely encountered in this country.

THE second annual competItIon for the " John Player)) am bulance challenge shield, op=n to all G. W. R. am bulance workers at Cheltenham, was held at the Rotunda on the evening of the 2nd November.

Mr. H. S. B. Whitley (divisional engineer) presided, and was supported by the local officers of the company The work of each of the teams was closely followed by an audience, and was adjudicated upon by Dr. William Hutton. The trophy was won by A team, composed of :i\.Ie ssrs. Wright, Hollis, Wheeler and Miller (captain), and C team (Captain Jenkins) obtained spcond prizes. The individual prizes were gained by G. H. Hollis ( rst ), A. Miller (2nd), H. J{:;nkins (3rd), and L. Starr (4th. In the abSence of the general Planaser, thE shield was presented by Mr. W. G. Chapmar: (ambulance centre s e cretary), who congratulated the winners, and in the course of a short addres) emphasised the importance of safety methods as well as first aid training for railway wcrkers.

An excellent concert formed put of the proceedings, and was much enjoyed by those present: the eVelllng generally proving a signal success.

St. John Ambulance Association.

BRISIOL CENTRE.

THE Annual Meeting cf the Bristol Centre of the Association was held at the University of Bristol, at which the following were elected for the ensuing y':'ar :-President, The Bishop of Bristol Vice· Presidents, Lt.-Col. B. :\I. H. Rogers, i\I. D. Horace Walker, Esq., D.L, J.P. Chairman, C. C. L'3.vington, Esq, M.B.; Honorary Secretary, Mr. Egbert A. O. Webb; Hon. Treasurer, W. C. Hawkins, Esq.; Divisional Secretaries, Bristol West, Drs. H. G. Kyle and S. B. Green; Bristol North, A. J. O. Britton aud D. MacPherson; Bristol East, A. Twisselton and A. Cotton; Bristol South, Captain J. F. Tresize and :'\Ir. H. Trott.

The Committee :-Drs. A. C'Jrnall, J. S. Mather, B. N. Blood, R. Reynolds, and l\Iessrs. A. St. John Burroughs, H. G. Hill, and H. R. Smith, and_ Major E. CadburYI D.8.0., D.L.e.

BUCKS COUNTY CENTRE.

The Lord Cottesloe, C.B., Lord Lieutenant for Buckinghamshire, and the Lady Cottesloe, have been pleased to become Patrons of the County Centre in addition to the Marquis and Marchioness of Lincolnshire, of which Centre Colonel Francis W. Pixley, V. D., J. P., the Receiver-General of the Order of St. John, is President and Chairman of th e Committee.

All members of the Order resident in the County are members of the Committee, on which Committee the County Council, the Police, &c., are represented.

For organisation purposes tht: County is divided into areas, each area corresponding to a Borough, Urban or Rural District, each of which is represented on the Committee. In areas wh2.re one or more Divisions of the Brigade exist, there is a Brigade representative on the Committee for such area.

fetters to the &ditor.

We are i" "0 way resttJ"sible lor tlse opi"io"s expressed, or the stateme"ts made, b, COr? espondents. -EDITOR.

EXPOSURE OF SIMPLE FRACTURES.

DEAR SIR,-

In reply to the enquiries of C.A.B. in the October issue with reference to my Query, dealt with in September-(r) I dId nothing because the L.c.e. Ambulance was quickly on the spot, and its attendants took immediate charge; (2) r made my diagnosis of simple fracture on pain, deformity of limb, irregularity of part and absence of wound-facts which were palpable to my sense of sight; and (3) I believe that Dr. Corbet Fletcher would have taken me to task, had r failed in :ny duty as a First-Aider, or been guilty of errors of omission or commission.

Yours, &c., Kentish Town. H. C.

"First Aid" Knowledge in Metro; polita.n Police.

"FIRST AID l/ knowledge in the police service is undoubtedly a great necessity, and a greater benefit when used towards the members of the public, and to encourage the knowledge in the Metropolitan Police Major Parsons, e.e. (retired), presented a shield in 1914 for competition amongst the various divisions.

These competitions were h e ld at Rainham, Essex, Bot:lOical and Zoological Gardens, with and "X" Divisions winning alternately until 19 I4, when the competition became dormant. In the early part of this year "R" Division, through Supt. F. Pratt and Sergt. A. J. Matthews, applied for and received permission from the Commissioner to revive this competition. A c.ommiltee was formed with Supt. Pratt, Chief Inspector Thursby, Stn. Sergt. Grundy, P.S. Edwards, P.c.'s Ellit a'Jd Allen, and Sergt. A. Matthews as hon. secretary. The competition was held at Borough Hall, Greenwich, in September, when "z" Division met" R " Division in the final, winning the trophy by 2t points from" R" Division.

A new feature this year was the Individual Championship of the Metropolitan Police, for which Lord Dewar has kindly promised to present a Shield, and Mr. Arthur Dale (Editor of FIRST AID) a Gold Medal, which was closely contested and won by Sergt. Abbott, "z" Division, bypoints, from P.c. Withers, " R 11 Division.

A sequel to this was a select supper and dance at the " Castle H::>tel," oI). October 30th, when the" R" Division team, although the runners-up, entertained the winners to supper.

Major Tomlin, C C., presided, and was supported by Supt. A. Barrett and Mrs. Barrett, Supt. F. Pratt and Mrs. Pratt, Chief Inspector Thursby and Mrs. Thursby, the Committee, and Sergt. Matthews, hon. secretary.

a suitable repast, Major Tomlin spoke of the value of First Aid work, and referred to Major Parson's gift as a great incentive, and hoped that the competition would attract a big entry in 1924. The Major complimented the Committee and Sergt. A. J. Matthews on the fint organisation.

The silver medals (presented by Lady Jekyll) won by " Z" Division were then handed to the winners by Major Tomlin, who congratulated them and wished them success next year.

The runners-up then received bronze medals, pre-

AID.- November, 1923

sented by Dr. Maughan, and a few cheery words of encourage men t.

Supt. Barrett proposed the health of the winning team, which was drunk with honours.

Sergt. Abbott replied, and thanked "R" Division for having presented the opportunity of competing for the trophy, also for the exceptionally fair manner in which the competition was conducted and the sporty manner of the " R" Division team in inviting them there that evening.

Chief Inspector Thursby then proposed the health of the "R" Division team, and hoped that next year they would bring the shield back.

P.C. Allen responded, in the absence of Captain P.e. Withers, and thanked Major Tomlin, e.c., Supt. Barrett and Chief Inspector Thursby for tbeir attendance and great interest taken in the work.

The Committee specially ask that their sincere thanks be conveyed to Dr. Corbett Fletcher, Dr. Connon Robertson, Dr. Maughan, Lady Jekyell, Mr. Arthur Dale and Lord Dewar for their kindness on this occasion.

After this the put)' devoted themselves entirely to the dancing, which was greatly enjoyed, until nearly midnight, when the" Z" Division returned home by charabanc.

The supper was under the control of Sergt. J. Delaney (" R ") and P.e. Bertie Groom (" Z "), who officiated in excellent manner as M.C.'s.

J\mbulance J'l ews euttings.

Th e Editor in v ites r eade r s to send newspaper ( IIttillgS on matters 0/ ge neral inter,st fo r incltlSion in this colulIl1l.

GIR

LS AID B L. \ Z IN G MAN.

Two Hull girls, aged sixteen and eighteen, caught hold of a gardener, whose clothing had caught fire while he was lighting rubbish with petrol, laid him on the ground, and wrapped a rug around him. His burns, however, proved fatal, and at the inquest yesterday the girls were commended by the Coroner.-sunday Pictori al.

MEDI C INE ON T \p.

Wholesale supply of preventive medicine by way of the kitchen tap has been undertaken at Rochester, New York , where the city's water is being contaminated with Iodine for short periods in order to eliminate-it is hoped-the prevalent affliction of goi tre.

Goitre is now known to be due, at any rate, to a large extent, to lack of sufficient Iodine in either food or water By adding about twenty parts of it, in the form of sodium iodide, to every billion parts of water, twice a year for two week, it is hoped to give to the human system, and to the thyroid gland, the matenal it needs to prevent goitre in young children.Daily lUaU.

THRO U GH

Terror caused the death yesterday of a 12-year old girl at Oxford. While helping her grandmother to make a cake, Ivy Smith bent down, and the back of her dress caught fire from an open grate. Her grandmother, being crippled, could do nothing, but the girl's younger sister tried to put out the flames.

In fear, however, the gIrl picked up the cake and rushed into the street. A woman passing by threw a coat over her head, but the child then rushed wildly into a shop. Before the shopkeeper could get near her she ran into the street again, and another woman threw a coat over her. Breaking away once more, she had to be captured by some men, who wrapped bags round her, but not untIl she had received burns which caused her death.-Daily Chronzde.

ovcmbtr, 19 1 3.

and J\nswet's to eorrespondents.

),u,ries will be dealt with under the /o lowi"C rules :-

I.-Letters containin/, Queries must be marked on the top lelt kana corner 0/ the envelope "Query," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46 , Cannon-street, Loncilm, E.C.4.

2.-All Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut /1'0" the current issue 0/ the Journal, or in case 0/ Queries from abroar from a recent issue.

? -The Textbook, to which reference may be made in these columnJ is th, 36th (I920) Edition 0/ S.f.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

P OISO NIN G BY OXA LI C A C lJJ.

B T. ( Durham ) - Please tell us why in the latest edition of the Textbook s oda and pot a sh are no longer advocated in treatment of Poisoning by Oxal ic Acid. We presume that these remedies are omitted because there is some risk of their causing further damage.

Bi c arbonate of S oda and washin g soda no longer figure in t he Textbook as antidotes for Corros i ve Acids because with Ox al ic Acid they form a soluble and more easily absorbed p oison, and be c ause with a ll Acids they effervesce and throw off Carb OniC ac id gas wh ich may d istend (and even rupture ) a s tomach wall weakened by corrosive poison. For further partic ulars see COlll lll on !:.rr ors ill F irs t-A id ( p. 53) .- T C ORnET

FLEICHE R.

AI D.- tIS

Dressings vary in compOSItIon. Thus, gauze is a thin, transparent fabric originally made from silk but nowadays from any fine hard-spun fibre whereas lint is prepared linen (cloth made of flax ) one of which is left smooth while the other is scraped into a soft woolly substance. These dressings may be obtained in protected packets after having been sterilised (germs destroyed by steam under pressure ) and are either plain or m edicated, that is, either aSEptic (free from germs) or a ntisepti c (antagonistic to germs). Thus, for aseptic dressings we may have plain gauze or lint, (white), (or antiseptic boraCIC Imt (pin k) and cyanide ( mercury and zinc ) gauze (mauv e) or pi c ric aCId gauze (y ello w ) Theoretically, aseptic dressings are indicated for clean wounds, antiseptic for dirty wounds or as protection against septic infection. Gauzes are usually used for dressing wounds whilst lint is specially for use in applying lotions or fomentations.-N. C. F.

EX DIlNATION HOWLER.

M. B. (Cambridge ).-In a recent examination the" patient " was supposed to be a woman, whose part was played by another man dressed up in a skirt made up from an old potato-sack. Seeing one man fumbling at the top of the skirt, the examiner asked what the cand idate was doing. " Undoing tojJ button of Iler t r ousers, S ir " -was the astoundIng reply

Go::>d! Next please

SP Q X T A:\" E OU S FRA C I UR E.

P. S. ( K lburn ). -A B R.C.S. friend was recently asked in class what is a "spontaneous " fracture. Neither he nor I ever heard of such a fracture. Please enlighten our ignorance.

F Il'S T-AID.

A. T. ( Croydon -Please tell u s what is the d;fference between gau ze a nd ltnt as dressin gs in F irst -Aid and what are the IndIcatIons tor each.

A spontaneous fracture is a very rare fracture, of pathological rather than practical interest; and it occurs when a bone breaks, as th e r esult of disease, without any appreciable (that is, very slight ) violence. The B R .C. S Manual includes it among the causes of fractures.-N.C.F.

Restores

In and preserves fatigue health

Members of the 5t John Ambulance Brigade and all those who engage in First Aid work realise that there is nothing to equal a cup of delicious II Ovaltine"; for restoring and preventing fatigue_ It is invaluable when long hours have to be worked under unfavourable weather conditions . Containing the recuperative and restorative elements of rip!.' barley malt. creamy milk fresh eggs and cocoa, one cup of " Ovaltine" supplies more nourishment than 12 cups of beef extract, 3 eggs or 7 cups of cocoa.

Taken regularly "Ovaltine" gives and maintains health ana strength. [t should be the daily beverage for everyone in place of tea, coffee and other beverages wh ich are merely stimulants.

OVALTltiE

I8N1C fOOD Bf,VERAGE Buitds.up 'Srain, nef9"e and by a11d Stores at 16, 26 and 1-/6 It IS ecoJlomlCal to purchas e he la rger si:;ed t illS. A. WANDER, Ltd., 45, Cowcross St, London, E.c.I.

C O NTROL 01" FE;,\lOR U J ARTERY.

P. C. ( New South Wales ).-Please tell us if pressure can be in fold of groin by pad and bandage on Femoral Artery or If such control should be kept up by digital pressure ( thumb on thumb )

Digital pressure is the only safe way of keeping up pressure Ol! ill t he groz"n and even that can only be e t1ec tlvely mamtamed by one person for some ten minutes.N.C.F.

OF EPI LEP Y

'V. S. (Blai na, Mon.).·-I n a Brigade practice last week, n n corrected m e in treatment of Epilepsy, I Sll:IG .that 1 would support patient s head, in accordance with mstructlOns of the Textbook, p. 148. He said that I o ught to raise and support the head. maintain that you can support the he ad between the knees without raising it, more especially as, the face be ing pale, t he Textbo ok tea c hes us that such a p a tient's head should not be raIsed. Your verdict is final.

I n view of the dangers of b itin g of tongue, inj uries to he:ad and other parts, ;ven ouring an Epileptic s e izu re, the colour of patIent s IS of se c ondary importance.

the ,fact, durmg the conv ulsive sta g e, the patient's face Wi ll be blUish from part ial Asphy xi a, discounts YOll: arguD!ent. Further, I fail to see how, even if you kneel behmd patient, you can support head wz'thout raising it some· what.

The usual cll stom is to place a small p illo w below a pati ent's head during the sei zure, and to turn the head towards o.n e side. Consequently, the is given against you, smc e dunng the convulsIons patIents head should be slivittiy raised and supported.-N.C.F. b

A CTIO i\'" OF IN YOLUNTA R Y i\lUSCLE:,.

E. :\1. ( East Dulwich ).-:- With to your reply to the of tItle m the Is sue, surely t he muscles whIch bnng about msplnl:tlOn and exp iration ca n be modified by the will.

Qui te correct i but surely you know that the mechanism of r espiration is carried out by voluntary (a nd not in vo luntary ) ll)'lscles. Indeed, an alternatIve name for" volunt1ry " muscle is (( skeletal," because practically all the members of this group are attached to bone -N.C.F.

AN SPLINT.

P. C. (N ew South Wal es ).-In a recent compet it io n the memo bers of one. team congratulated by the Judge for us ing as ImproVIsed spllnt a rubber·soled tennis shoe whi c h pa tient was wearing. The injury was a longitudinal wou nd along palm of hand and the shoe was applied to back of hand, the fingers of which were kept extended.

Some of us feel that t.he use of a as improvised spl int was dangerous It had been m contact with g round and common SOIl and consequently carried with it great and unnecessary risks of infecting the wound. We would therefore, a sk if you concur with our views. '

You are ri ght in emphas ising the possible risks of sepsis and more partIcularly of tetanus from use of an article which might have infected soil, though, of course, the risks would be less If the shoe had been wrapped up in a clean handker c hief. For this reason, I should have preferred some· thmg less dangerous. Indeed, I should have chosen some other article which (for example , a po c ket book ) could have been placed the palm of the hand, whereby ( r) greater and more.satlsfactory pressure could have been e xerted on pad and dresslDg to control a ny tendency to recurrent bleeding and ( 2) more comfort could have been afforded to patient whose fi ngers would not have been kept forcibly extended.-N.C.F.

TRlL\TME T OF JOIN T h JURY

E. D. ( Croydon ) - On p. 49 of September isslle of FIRST All) detailed marking sheets are published. In Part il, Dearer No. Te st, treatment is required for c ompl icat ed fracture of ]OlDt. Surely ( I ) three (n ot two ) banda g es -as la id down III Textbook, p. 63-a re required for fixation of the angular splint; and (2) a narrow tr ia ngular bandage should be used for keep ing up pressure on bleedin g rather than the ordinary elbow bandage which is indicate d for keeping a dressin g in posit ion.

Agreed :-N.C .F.

J E. H (H andsworth ).- I t was qUite co nt rary for .til officer to use su c h e x pres si ons as you mention on p:nade or elsewhere, in fa ct such a thing should not be tolerated.

First Aid ·Iglodine-

An antiseptiC of high effi ci en cy, indispensable in a n y Factory where wounds, bruises, etc., are occaSIOnally inev itab le.

Write for full particulars of our "GoHrnment" OuOit. - £2 : 15 : 0 -

The Iglcdine Coy., Ltd., Iglodine Buildings , Newcastle - on - Tyne.

Co ns istently prescribed by the British Medical profession for 40 yeal s.

Food for INFANTS. INvALIDS&theAGED.

"Benger's Food has, by its excellence, established a reputation of its own."

The Brit is h Journal."

Sold in tin. by all Chemists. Prices: 1{4; 2 /3; 4 /-; 8 /6.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In U PRESCRIPTION READINC" and U ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC ."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once.

A membe! or S:J.A.B.. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of mstructlOn received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T.

PERFECT ASEPTIC DRESSINGS

are secured by the use of

INSTANT ANEOUS BANDAGES

even in the most infectious and dirty conditions.

NO FIRST=AID SKILL REQUIRED.

All other types of dressings and equipment supplied from stock at MOST COMPETITIVE PRICES.

w.o.w. Bandages at 9d. per inch per doz.

By H. C.

-A pply Orderly Room I 7 Chesterfie ld· road, Sheffield. '

Questions and Answers upon Ambulance Work (Re'i·iscd)

lh LEO NARD S BARNES, :'I.R. C.S., L.n..c.P., O.B.E., Ollicial Lect ur er and E:--:am:ner, St. John Am bu lan ce A sso.; Count y Divisiom.1 Insp ecto r to the Herl s " o luotary Aid Detach· ments. E ighteenth Edition. Thousand.

S.ze 4 inches. Pp. vii +

are the outcome of many years experien c e of actual manufacturing. These well·known dressings are manufactured specially to suit various types of minor inj uries, and are of the patterns appro\'ed by the Home Office

Each dressing is sterilized and suitably packed to prevent septic poisoning.

Particlllan and pri(es from the Sole J!amrfact ll rers: BAILEY & SON, Ltd.)

Marriott Street Mills, STOCKPORT. Jfmlllfac!ILrers oj tIle Itighes! qu ality Sura-lml J)ressing-s, Ladies Hygienic It T07.ve/illes" .'> aJld Sanitilly Speci.;1ities ("eyn/a " Rrand). Phone-2794 Stockport. 'Vire -"Undisputed, Stockport."

For Wounds, Cuts, SCllds lnd Burns

Doyen of all Dressings, GERMOLENE.

'Yadil' Antiseptic

First Aid.

GERMOLENE has established it supremacy in tirst aid work in every part of the world It IS unequalled for very obvious reasons :-

1. As a germicide GERMOLE E is supreme. Septic complications are impossible where it is used. I t cleanses wounds of ever y particle of foreign matter. The bacilli of poison shrivel and dIe when it is appl ed.

2. GERMOLENE soothes immediately. There is none of the tingl i ng, smarting, or pam which is associated with bactericidal agents so often used in the past. The action of GER;\lOLE E IS so rapid that the quick cessation of pain invariably astonishes the user,

3. GERMOLENE heals completely and safely. New tissue is built up m a healthy, natural manner. I nflammation and festerin g stop because the cause is e xpelled.

GERMOLENE should be kept ready for use by all ambulance work ers; it should certainly have a permanent place in every factory tirst-aid chest and in every home for immediate application in cases of cuts, wounds, scratches, scalds and burns. 1t is just as useful for every kind of skm complaint, and it is the doyen of all skin preparat ions for use in ch ildren s ailments.

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FIRST AID, HOME NURSING, HOME HYGIENE & CARE OF CHILDREN

PUBLICATIONS BY COLONEL R. J. BLACKHAM, C.R., C.LE., D.S.O., M.D., D.P.II.(Lond. Knight of Grace of St. John, l\1ember of the Order of Mercy, Kaiser-i-Hind Medalist, Barrister-at-Law, Asst. -Commissioner St. John Ambulance Brigade.

AI D.- November, 1923

MANU ALS OF FIRST-AiD, &c., By N. CORBET PLETCHER, M.B., B.C., B.A.(Cantllb), M.R.C.S , Now READY.

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THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAIiINIi.

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By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C.M.O" C.I.B., O.S.O" M.D (I) Poisoning, (2) II re morrhage, (3) Insensibility, (4) Asphyxia (Su s pended Breathing), (s) Fractures, Sprains, (6) Woun? s, Bites, Burns, Scalds, Rupture and Mlllor In Junes. The Senes contain all the essentials of First Aid. Printed on linen-lined cards, 3<i"x T hird Edition. 6d. net each; postage 2d. ext ra HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS.

By NOEL D. BAROSWELL, M.V.O M.D., P.R.C.P. Fscp.

IST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

NOTICE TO READERS.

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. The An nual Subscription is 3S. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement OJ Ambulance Work

In all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Repo rts on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the J 2th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessarily (or {)ublication) by the name and address of the Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications connected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers,

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4.

7 eleg rap lzic Address: "Twentv-jour, London."

7 elephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL,

ADDRESSING members of the BristJ Christiani ty Ambulance Class-the largest class on and the G.W.R.-on the evening of the First Aid. 1St inst., Viscount Churchill, G. C.V.O the Chairman of the G . W.R. and President of the G. W. R. Safety and First Aid Centre said, " I feel very deeply abo ut ambulance and first aid work and consider that through it the first tenets of Christianityreal Christianity-which is to help our fellow cr ea tures, are best served."

to us from the old hospitallers of the Ord e r of St. John, w hich Order was founded towards the cl lse of the eleventh century as a colifraternity whose obje cts we re ot a charitable nature. One of its first activities to ok the form of establishing hm pita ls for the reli e f of d ist r es s e d pilgrims to the Holy S ep ulchre.

The advent of the stea m ag E. opened u p entirely new channels for the work of the Order in the application of its activities to industrial undertakings, and the coming of the petrol age would seem to have afforded even greater opportunities for the need of the ministrations of ambulance workers, if the daily r ecord of street accidents is any criterion.

Our point is, however, that with the application of first aid to factory and workshop, desirable as it is, there may grow up a wrong appreci ati on of the movement. It is pointed out, and it is per fectly true, that the prompt application of first aid in the workshop would have considerable effect on payment und e r the Workmen's Com· pensation Act, that it would pay the insurance compani e s to subsidise the first aid movement, and so on. Whilst this is all very true and worthy of consi de ration from the commercial point of view, it is well to keep in mi nd th e humane aspect of the movement and to remember that it springs from an altru ism which is exemplified in the story of the Good Samaritan , to which Lord Churchill has drawn attention

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This is an aspect of a b e n efic ie nt movement which, perha ps, tends to become som e what clouded in these days of commercialism. We are glad to have Lord Churchill's timel y emphasis on this side of first aid work.

It is well at this s ea son of the y ear to remember the higher and better aspects of the Olov e ment with which we are all privileged to b e associated and to remember that the St. John A mbulance Association of to -day comes down

It might not be out of order also to emphasise here the fact that the a mbulance movement as we underst a nd it to- day, is based upon voluntary service, and we venture to say that it is this yolunt2.ry spirit which appeals to the best in hum a n nature, and which is primarily r e sp o nsible for keeping the ambulance ranks fill e d with enthusiastic workers whose only reward is the privilege ot ministering to the needs of their brothers and sisters in time of crisis. Any departure froll! the high principles upon which the ambulance spirit is based, would inde e d be unfortunate, but in this materialistic world when there is a tendency to endeavour to value everything in pounds sterling, it is incumbent on all concerned to watch out and keep the ideals of the movement pure

:Tbe Gund :priorg of tbe Ordlr of tbe )(ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in &nllland. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

:The St. John J\mbulanee St'igade. Prince of Wales's District

DISTRICT ORDERS.

COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL JANUARY 1924.

January 6th.-No. 80 Division, Stoke Newington. " 13 th .- No 82 " Gorring Park. " 20th.-No. 83 " Northern Heights. 27th.-No.84 " Twickenham.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8. p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

CORRESPONDENCE OF NURSING DIVISIONS.

Officers and Members in Charge of Nursing Divisions are reminded that all correspondence on Divisional matters must go direct to the Lady District Superintendent, The Countess of Onslow, whose address is at 107, St George's Square, S.W.! This rule should be strictly observed.

B RITISH EM PIRE EXHIBITION.

All correspondence regarding th is duty from Superintendents and Members in Charge of Ambulance Divisions should be addressed to :-

Captam. G. Gerhold, Publi: Duty Officer, St. John ' s Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C.I., and correspondence on this matter from Nursing Divisions should be sent direct to the Lady District Superintendent; The Countess of Onslow, whose address is given above. Full particulars regarding this important duty will be issued shortly.

OPENING OF PARLIAMENT.

It is understood that the opening of Parliament will take place on January 8th. The Public Duty Officer will be pleased if officers and members in charge of Ambulance Divisions will kindly ascertain from their members how many will be available for duty on that occasion. They should fill in the particulars on the form supplied, stating also what equipment they can supply, and the form should be returned to St. John ' s Gate, Clerkenwell, not later than Monday, December 31st, 1923, first post. It is very necessary that waterproof sheets, blankets, &c., should be brought for duty on this occasion. Overcoats and and medals will be worn.

DIVISIONAL ANNUAL MEETING.

Officers and members in charge of both Ambulance and Nursing Divisions are reminded that their Annual Divisional Meeting should be held as soon as possible after Dec. 31St.

The balance sheet, having been audited by two auditors, should be presented to. the Division for confirmation, and when confirmed should be handed to the Superintendent or Member in Charge.

Blank forms for statements of accounts will be sent to every Division in triplicate from the Chief Commissioners' Office. Two of these forms should, when completed, be attached to the B.F.I. when sent to Headquarters, and the other form should be pasted in the Minute Book.

The books of the Division, namely, Minute Book, with copy of B.F.12, pasted in, General Regulations, Occurrence Book, and Stores Book, should be forwarded for examination at Headquarters as soon as possible after the Divisional Annual Meeting has been held, or they may be brought to St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, on Monday or \Vednesdayevenini's between the hours of 6 and 8 p.m.

APPOI NTMENTS.

The Commissioner has pleasure in announcing the following appointments which have been sanctioned by the Chief CommIssioner :-

Captain G. Gerhold to be District Officer, with effect from july 2nd, 1923.

Captain L. Franks, to be District Officer, with effect from November 23rd, 1923.

(Sig-ned) W. H. WINNY, Commt'sst'oner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending nev. s paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publ i. cation of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

LONDON POSTAL AMBULANCE COMPETITIONS.- The Annual Competitions for the ., London Postal Ambulanc e Challenge Shield (m en); the" Women's Trophy" and th e "Corps Trophy" (i ndividual-men and women) were held during November, the entries for each competition being large r than for any year since the war. Eight teams entered for th e "Challenge Shield"; four teams for the" Women's Trophy and 76 members for the" Corps Trophy ." The last name d competition acted in a dual capacity (r) as an individual test and. (2) as a prel imi nary for the other two competitions. It was decided on Monday, November 12th, at the G.P.O. :\fedical Department, Fitchetts Court, E.C.!., the result being r\ t e between Miss J. W. Porter (Accountant· General's Departmen and Mr. W. H. Broom ( Inland Section, Mount Pleasant) eac; obtaining- 73t marks. They will, therefore, be joint holders.

The finals for the" Challenge Shield" and "Women s Trophy" were held on Wednesday, November 21st, in the Great Hall, Church House, Westminster.

The finalists were-" Challenge Shield" ForeIgn Section No. I; Foreign Section, No.2; Inland SectIon; Torth Western D is trict Office. "Women's Trophy," G.P.O. \Ve st (Telegraphs); Money Order Department; Savings Bank Department.

The test was identical for both competitions.

The" scene " wa.s a tent by a deep river, in whIch 4 boys havmg a Whilst preparing te a, one of them begms to examme an apparently spent bom b which he has in a field. bomb explode s breakin g the bones of h IS hand and rupturmg an artery In it, also scorching his face The shock of the explosion renders another boy unconscious and he falls into the river and is drowning The third boy, fall ing backwards, breaks his wrist bones The fourth boy is uninjured. No applian.ce s !ire hand, the teams being expected to deal WIth the SItuatIOn WIth such materials as are at hand.

Results :-" Challenge Shield" (I) I nland Section, Messrs. F. W. King (leader); W. H. Broom, L. Looms, and C. J. Stares, with 468t marks: (2) North Western District Office 366 marks; (3) Foreign Section No.2, 307 marks. Trophy" ( I) Saving'S Bank Department, Misses M. M. Masson (leader); A. B. Barnard, F. M. Rogers and E. Wilson with 384i marks; ( 2) G.P.O. West, 352t marks; Money Order Department, marks.

At the conclUSIon of the competitions, Sir G. E P. Murray, K.C.B. (Secretary, G.P.O. ), presented the trophies and congratulated the winner upon their excellent performances.

The gathering at the Church House was representative of the whole of the post office departments in London, many of the chiefs of the various departments attending. On the whole the competitions show a revival of ambulance work in the post office and it is hoped for even greater interest in next year 's competi tions.

No. IS (EAST HAM) DIVISION.-Representatives of East Ham, West Ham, llford, Barking and Beckton Divisions of the St. John Ambulance Briiade assembled on Wednesday evening

December,

19 2 3. -FIRST

at East Ham Town (Minor) Hall for the fourth annual interdivisional distribution of awards.

The Mayor (Co uncillor H. B. Harper, J.P.), accompanied by the Mayoress, was chair, and among those supporting him were Asst.-CommIssIoner S. H. Vilven, Dist. Officer W. Liddell, Coun cillor W. Thirkettle Drs. F. J. McKettrick, J.P., and W. Benton, Supt. Capt. W. Goodley, M. C., Supts. A. A. Atki ns, A. J. Gray, F. G. Drayson, Staff Sergt. Lucas, Ambulanc e Officers Rymer, Harrop and Miller, and Staff Sergt. Ambler (hon. secretary).

In memory of the late Supt. Statham, of St. Mark's, Forest Ga te Division, a laurel wreath was placed upon a vacant chair.

The Mayoress was presented with a bouquet by Miss W inifred Walsby, on behalf of the 5 Divisions present.

There had been keen competition for the" Winifred Harper" challenge shield-a new trophy presented by the Mayor and named after the Mayoress. The tests were viva voce and prac tical work, the winner being Sergt. A. Gowing (E ast Ham), WIth 10ft points out of a possible 110; Pte. G. W. Warren Ham. coming second with 98 points. They received a silv er and bronze medal respectively

The other presentations were: East Ham Division, month ly efficiency competitions (silver spoons), Pte. G. W. Warr en, March, April, May, June, September and October; Pte. J. A. Stevenson, 1 ovember and Decembet ; Sergt. A. Gowing, July.

Brigade Long-service Medal ( IS years efficient service) : W. Johnson ( East Ham), the holder of a fine Army record. This member having been decorated by Col. Cameron, wore the medal and he was heartily congratu lated.

Honorary Serving' Brother of the Order of St John of Jerus alem in England: Ambulance Officer R. Harrop (East Ham), who, during 23 years service, has rendered first-aid in over 2, 000 cases. ThIS member havlllg been decorated by Col. Cameron, wore the medal and he was heartily congratulated.

Barking DiviSion, winners of East Ham and Inter-District shIeld ( presented by Councillor Thirkettle ). Five dl\ lslons entered for this competition, in viva voce and stretcher work, Barking being first with 295 points. The team consisted of Sergt. \letcalf (captai n I, Ptes. Sherwood, Norman, Howers and Deeble.

DIVISIOnal I nd ividua l challenge cup (pr esented by Supt. Capt. Goodley), won by Pte. Sherwood (Barki ng )

Beckton Division, "Lady Olgivie" Grand shield and medals: I, Pte. Brady; 2, Pte. Cox; 3, Pte s. Butcher and Gibbs.

I1ford Division: The" R. I. Magnus" challenge cup for efficiency in first aid work, and Ilford Divisional challenge shield for all round ambulance work.

Miss Suckling, of East Ham Nursing who has retired after 22 ye2.rs service, was presented with a set of tea knives ami forks.

The followlllg contributed to a musical programme: Miss Iren e Thompson, Ambulance Officer Miller, Messrs. F. Mason, R. Bogglss, Dunk and Galley; with Mrs. T. E. Walsbyas acco mpanist.

NO.7 (TOYNBEE HALL) DIVISION.-On Wednesday, Nov ember 14th, members of the division with their ladies and frie nds spent a most enjoyable evening, on the occasion of the annua l social.

During the evening, Supt. A. Newton addressed remarks of encouragement to members of the division, and outlined the actua l facts bearing upon the subject of the accident which occ urred on the Clapton Orient Football Ground, on Saturday, 3r d November.

He made reference to a number of inaccurate statements had appeared in the daily press, but pointed out that on th.ls occ'lsion six men were on duty on the ground, equipped WIth a stretcher, two surgical haversacs, and service water bottle. The unfortunate player, Mr. Tom Butler, Port Vale Football Club, sustained a compound fracture of the left forearm at about 4 30 p.m., and upon removal from the playing field, was immediately treated by members on duty and conto Hackney Union Infirmary, arriving at 4.55 p.m. DespIte the application of modern treatment, Mr. Butler

unfortunately succumbed to septicremia and tetanus on Sunday, November I Ith. The members responsible for treating this case had been summoned to attend the inquest, and on this occasion medical opinion was expressed that all possible was done for the patient, and tribute paid to the first aid rendered and promptitude in handling the case.

During the course of the evening a delightful musical programme was rendered by the Mesdames C. Prosser and D. Rollinson, Mr. and Mrs. Knowleton, Mr. Bressan and Mr. Tab.

Arrangements were in the hands of the Divisional Social Committee.

N.C.O.'S CLuB.-The Annual General Meeting will bl! held on Thursday, January 3rd, at 7.30 p.m. at W. H. Smith

PIlato by] [F. C. No/cult.

LADY CORPS OFFICER MRS. F. M. UNDERHAY.

The first lady in the West Country ( N o. 9 District) to receive the Service Medal of the Order. Mrs. Underhay is one of the most enthusiastic workers at Plymouth.

and Sons' Club, II, Milford-lane, Strand, W.C.2. Will all members make a special effort to attend. New members will he cordially welcomed. Further particulars can be had from H. J. Palmer, Hon. Sec., 70, Newington Green-road, N.!.

No. 2 District.

CHELTENHAM.-Apart from an increase in the strength and efficiency of members, there has been a marked development in the social life of this corps, thanks to the work of the Social Committee, of which Corps Inspector of Stores, W. J. Mullins, is chairman. Since a report appeared in FIRST AID of the Annual Supper and Smoker held early in this year, an equally successful summer outing to Symonds Yat (a delightful

- F IR S T spot in the Wye Valley) has taken place, a whist team to play in the local whist league has been formed, and now the preliminaries of the next annual supper are being arranged. The most recent event was a largely attended social evening, for members and friends. At the outset guests found much amusement in various gnessing and similar competitions for which small prizes were offered. After a short time these gave way to iome music. Then came the important item of the presentation of a handsome fur motor-rug to Col. G. A. Cardew, O.B.E., V.D., who recently resigned the post of Corps Supt. after many years devoted service in ambulance work in the interests of his town and country. The present Corps Supt. (Rev. C. Coussens Petch, M.A.) presided, supported by Dr. Hugh Powell, M.B.E. (Assistant Commissioner), Dr. S. M. Hebblethwaite (Corps Surgeon), Dr. A. Barrett Cardew, M.C. (Corps Sec.) and other corps and divisional officers. Refreshments were served under the direction of two members of the nursing division. A further brief programme of music concluded the evening, which passed too quickly, but which was generally voted as most enjoyable. It is hoped to hold a somewhat similar function at the close of the winter work.

The general arrangements on behalf of the Social Committee were again carried out by Sergt. R. I. Gardner, M. M., Meciaille Militaire.

No. 3 District.

LEICESTER.-A dinner and social evening, arranged by the "De Montford Division" (men), and the" Arthur Faire Nursing Division" was held at the" Turkey Cafe," Leicester, on Thursday, December 6th.

About 40 members sat down for dinner, including Corps Supt. Walker, Mrs. Walker, the late Corps Supt. J. L. Kmg, Lady Corps Supt. Miss Mu:>sont Dr. Brittain-Gill, H. L. Tucker, officer in charge of " De Montford Division," Lady Supt. Miss A. E. Knight, Lady Ambulance Officer Miss M. Field, "Arthur Faire Division," and Ambulance Officer H. Lockton, " J. L. Kmg Division."

Apologies of absence were recei\'ed from Assistant Commissioner A. \V. Faire, Esq., J.P., D.L., who, unfortunately, is away for health reasons on doctor's orders, District Officer G. F. Browne, Dr. Venn-Dunn, and Dr. C. C. Binns, M.S., C.C. most enjoyable programme was given, mcludmg mUSical Items, ventriloquism, card tricks, etc., by the members, to whom a very hearty vote of thanks was accorded.

The members of "De Montford Division" paraded:at 11 p.m. and proceeded tu De Montford Hall, for duty at the of the Poll. Fortunately there were no mishaps, and their servIces were consequently not required.

An enjoyable social evening was held at headquarters Rechabite Hall, Dover-street, Leicester, on Wednesday' 5th, the first part of the programme being a concert very kmdly arranged by Madame Ada Hallam, with Miss E.M. Ward, as pianist. Refreshments, the whole of which were provided by the members of the corps, were served at the interval, after which a dance took place.

About 250 members and friends were present, including Corps Walker, the ex-Corps Supt. J. L. King, and repre5entatlves of the nursmg staff of the Royal Infirmary. Wortley S. l:0velI, Esq., president of the centre, very kindly acted as chairman.

Very hearty votes of thanks were accorded to the artistes and chairman.

The Social Committee is to be congratulated on the of this,. theIr first attempt, and high hopes are held for SimIlar events In the future.

No. 4 District.

CHORLEY.-About ISO members of this division, preceded by the North Lancs (Chorley) Band, attended divine service at St. Peter's Church, Chorley, on November 18th. the Vicar (Rev. A. E. Nock) being the preacher.

AID.- December. T923.

In dealing with sickness, the Rev. Nock stated that the extent of the burden was brought before the country during the National Health week. Whilst there were some people who instinctively seemed to know what to do in cases of sickness, yet it was shown that generally speaking, without knowledge and training much harm (ould be done. For instance, in such a simple matter as raising a helpless invalid there were two ways, a right and wrong way. By experience and training they got to know which was the correct way; and also, what a difference to the invalid. The St. John Ambulance Brigade was unceasingly engaged in training men and women to take up sick nursing and to render first aid; such went out into the world and were frequently being called upon to render first aid at their work in public processions, or where large numbers of people were congregated tog-ether. Their help at such times was invaluable.

No. 5 District.

BRADFORD.-The Tramways Ambulance Nursing Divisions held their Tenth Annual Concert on November 7th, and as usual the function was a tremendous success, the artistes engaged being some of the best in tlte country.

The Mayor thanked the for assisting and encouraging a cause worthy of hiS highest commendation. It was a cause they were proud to see flourishing and hoped it would continue to advance rapidly. He also thanked the artists for providing a beautiful concert.

DEWS DUR\,. -A competition for the ursing Divisions of the Corps was held on N ovem ber 29th, at the Dewsbury Dnll Hall, to compete for the "Mitchell Salver. " Miss Kershaw (Matron of Staincliffe Hosp tal), judged the bedmaking and practical work, and Dr. G. Sunderland ( Cleckheaton), judged the questions. Keen interest was taken eight teams competmg. ' Ravensthorpe Division won the Salver, Batley coming second, and Dewsbury ( First Team ) third.

N EW,\RK.-Assistant Commander A. B. Gibson inspected the Dlv 1slon on November loth, and in congratulatIOn all ranks upon the marked improvement since the last inspection he had the honour to make, said, "there were a ff;w little defects, but those were small details, and would be corrected, he was sure, by the officers before the next inspection. He was g:la.d. to t,lote new me:nbels, young men who had joined the DIVISion sm ce the last mspectlOn, and he was quite certain they would find the work interesting, instructive and useful. He urged them to continue to take the whole series of lectures and mstructions, which would be valuable to them so that they might become efficient and useful as first-aiders. '

NOTTINGH \l\1.-Warm tributes to the excellent services rendered by the Nottingham Corps, were paid on 29th, at the Exchange Hall, when Lady Henry Bentinck distributed the trophies in connection with the four competitions held during the winter months to stimulate interest and increase practical and theoretical knowledge.

This year the City Division with 687 points, wrested from the Great Northern Division-who had held it for two yearsthe Winifred Gibson Shield, which was accompanied by silver souvenir cups. The other winning divisions, members of which received cups, were: Beeston (640 points), Great Northern No. (603 ) and Midland (565).

The Mayor said that Lady Henry Bentinr.k had a real practical knowledge of the work the nursing divisions had done, and he spoke of the services they rendered on the occasion of the visit of the Prince of Wales. The work, he added, should be encouraged by all authorities, persons holding responsible positions, and organisations generally.

Lady Henry Bentinck, Lady of Grace of the Order of Sf. John of Jerusalem in England, spoke words of encouragement to the winners.

Proposing a vote of thanks to Lady Henry, Mrs. Litchfield (corps. supt.) mentioned that 300 cases were treated during the

December, 19 2 3.

-F1RST

visit of the Prince of Wales, and first aid cases d'JTing Goose Fair totalled over 90. Perhaps lives may have been saved through prompt attention.

No. 6 District.

liULL.-The Deputy Chief Commissioner, Colonel G. A. Moore, G.M.G., D.S.O., M.D., Knight of Grace of the Order, assisted by the Asst.-'::::ommissioner of No. 6 District-Major A. Hammersley-Johnston, O.B.E., Knight of Grace of the Order--inspected the Ambulance DiviSIOns at Hull recently, when there were I43 Officers and members and 42 Cadets on parade.

Lady District Officer Miss E. M. ] 1. Storey, O. B.E., Lady of Grace of the Order, inspected the Nursing Divisions, who mustered 86 Officers and members and 28 Girl Cadets. Whilst there was, of course, ample scope for improvement, considerable satisfaction was expressed that the junior section was playing such a prominent part in the movement.

NEWCASTLE-ON- TVNE.- The second of the series Ot general lectures that has been arranged by the Newcastle Corps for the winter season was given at the Ambulance Institute on 29th November by Dr. Harold Kerr, Medical Officer of Health for the city.

Dr. Kerr gave a general review of the medical services

At D.-

The lecturer paid a warm tribute to the work of the Ministry of Health and particularly to the scheme of the National Health Insurance Act, which he described as one of the finest measures for health and the prevention of sickness and disease ever adopted. Whilst there might be exceptional cases, both on the part of patient and doctor, the most casual onl()oker would see the enormous advantages which had accrued. During the recent great slump in trade and employment, from the medical point of view there had been considerable diminution of sickness. Doctors are now able to get at the beginnings of diseases, and Sick and Unemployment Benefit removes the mental terror from the family breadwinner. Interesting features of the work of Poor Law Guardians, Public Vaccinators, Port Sanitary Authorities, Food Inspectors, Maternity and Child Welfare Officers and Local Education School Clinics were also described.

A large gathering of members of the Brigade took place at Dunston on the 10th ulto on the occasion of the opening of new headquarters of the Division and an Invalid Loan Department. Assistant Commissioner S. Embleton inspected the units on parade and afterwards presided at the formal opening ceremony, which was gracefully performed by Lady District Officer Mrs. Woodbury Thompson, Lady of Grace of the Order of St. John. Mrs. Woodbury Thompson, who was accompanied by ber husband, Lieut.-Col. W. T. Thompson, warmly congratulated the members upon their enterprISe in providing such

that are to-day available to the ordillary man in the street and described in some detail the wonderfully arranged administration that now exists to ensure the health and general well-being of the community.

After mentioning some of the services of public utility carned on by the. private medical practitioner, the noble work of voluntary hospitals and the enormous amount of work undertaken by the Ministry of Pensions (which is, of COllrse, restricted to men), Dr. Kerr described the perhaps less known of the Home Office from a public health point of view, which-in addition to the Police Surgeon's criminal and medicolegal branch-includes the supervising agency of Factory who have to investigate the general suitability of Circumstances and to prevent rather than to treat cases.

The beneficent influence of Welfare Workers, who take a fnendly, personal interest in the worker, was described and the lect.urer indicated the enormous improvement that was effected durmg the War by their establishment- not merely on the grounds of gre::J.tly increased output, but also because of the great advantage to the workers themselves, so that Welfare Work.ers hav!! now become a rec:ognised branch of all large factones.

The work of the Lunacy Commissioners and the boarding out and sympathetir. treatment of children, who might perhaps be mentally subnormal, was also touched upon.

a useful means of meeting tbe needs of the sick in their immediate neighbourhood and expressed the hope that it would be an incentive to many other local units to endeavour to make a similar effort. She was sure that it would add very greatly to the interest of the members to know that, as a unit, they were undertaking such very useful work.

The Annfield Plain and District Division deserve credit for a praiseworthy Flag Day effort, which has helped their funds considerably.

Jarrow reports that during the past twelve months upwards of 600 sick room requisites have been lent out, but that owing to lack of funds all demands could not be met. First aid has been rendered to many persons injured by accidents in the town, and the two n:otor ambulances have covered 7,310 miles in the transport of patients to and from hospital.

A strong Cadet Division is in prospect. A large number of boys are attending practices, and registration will be applied for in the near future.

Increasing interest in the Ambulance movement in the Ryton district was evidenced by the large attendance at the presentation of medallions, labels and certificates in connection with the Emma Colliery Division of the Stella Coal Co. Corps recently made under the chairmanship of Colonel F. R. Simpson, Knight of Grace of the Order, Managing Director of the Stella Coal Company. The Chairman congratulated the mem-

Photo 1'J' T Rich a rd., j'\T,·"·alk. Newark Division. S.J.A.B.

bers upon the way they had pulled together during the last two or three years, and he strongly urged young men to qualify in ambulance work, as this was most useful to them in any case and was necessary before they could hold any official position in the mine.

WALLSEND-ON-TYNE -Ajoint meeting of the above Corps was held at Percy Main on Decen.ber lIth, when a presentation of a walking-stick and an Illuminated Address was made to Supt. J. Hunter, Percy Main Division, by Corps Supt. H. W. Clothier, as a token of esteem from the members of his Division.

Dr. J. O. Murray then gave an address on "Health," dealing in a simple way with some of the results of research in med ical science during the last thirty years, including the cure of diptheria by anti-toxin treatment.

He described the functions of some of the important glands, and referred to the studies and experiments which have been made with a view to rejuvenating the human frame, notably by what has been reported in the Press as MonkeyGland treatment. He was of the opinion that it was better to grow old gracefully without this treatment, as its effects were only temporary.

The lecture was so much appreciated and the attendance so good that Dr. Murray was asked to give a second lecture in February, at North Shields, Lady-Divl. Supt. Liddell undertaking the necessary arrangements.

NO.9 District.

TORQUAY.-On Saturday, October 27th, the annual competition for the" Marcus Hare Cup" was held at Torquay. Ten teams representing corps and divisions in Devonshire competed. The judges were Lieut.-Col. J. P. S. Ward, T.D. (County Surgeon), and Capt. W. Sharpe, R.A.M C. The team test consisted in the treatment of a watchman who was overcome by tbe fumes of his coke brazier and fell across the fire.

The Assistant Commissioner for Devon (Mr. Hedley Miller) presided, and was supported by the Mayor of Torquay and Lieut-CoI. C. 1. Ellis, the popular Commissioner for the district whose visit was greatly appreciated by all ranks. The cup was again won by the Millbay Railway Division, and the Devonport team was second. The Mayor of Torquay (Mr. G. H. Iredale) in presenting the cup and prizes warmly eulogised the work of the brigade and pressed for increased public interest. He hoped that very soon Torquay would have a modern ambulance station and headquarters. District officers T. Pengelly and Perkins, and Divisional Supts. Dr. T. Dunlop (Torquay) and J. F. Warren (Millbay) also spoke. At the termination of the competition the visiting officers and teams were entertained to tea by the Torquay division, Dr. T. Dunlop ( Div. Supt.) presiding. The visitors thanks were appropriately tendered by Corps. Supts. Hitchcock (Plymouth) and Rice (Newton Abbot). The competition was most capably arranged by Ambulance Officer F. Rivers of Exeter (Secretary), the local arrangements being undertaken by Corpl. A. of Torquay (Div. Sec.)

No. 10 District.

FELIXSTOWE.-The annual inspection of the division took place in Walton Parish Hall, Felixstowe, on November 24th. When the inspecting officer, Dr. S. O. Eades (Assistant Commissioner), who had motored from I pswich, accompanied by Corps Officers W. C. Smith and A. H. W. Moffat, acting as his staff, arrived, they received the general salute from the division, which had been drawn up under the command of Supt. W. G. Emeny. After a close inspection of all ranks, recruit squad and company and stretcher drill was gone through by members under the command of the non-commissioned officers, Sergts. Rushbrook and Collins and CorpI. Youngs. The equipment and material were carefully inspected, and an interesting item of equipment possessed by the division was provided in a carrying sheet, equipped with leather-bound hand-holes, for use in narrow passages and gangways where the handling of a stretcher would be out of the question.

AI D.- December, 1923 .

At the close of the inspection the Commissioner in addressing the men, expressed his satisfaction at all he 'had seen, and congratulated Supt. Emeny and all ranks of the quality of the work '\nd material, but regretted that the unit was not stronger as regards numbers. He wished them every success in their. future endeavours t.o forward such a good work, and complimented many on their long and useful service in .the brigade, particularly mentioning Pte. Smith, who can claim to be one of the oldest members in the district

NO:RTH WALSHAM.-There is every prospect of a division of the. being formed in North Walsham, the only other diVISIOn 10 the county of Norfolk. be ing that of Cromer, and a has been allowed by the Higher Education Committee for the purpose of holding a first aid class.

A

._. History Auxiliary of the Royal Naval Sick Berth Reserve. *

By Surgeon Commander G. O. DICK.ENSON M.B ., R.N.

(Continued from page IO).)

THE course of instruction was usually limited to five lectures followed by an examination; and certificates were awarded to those who satisfied the examiner. But although th e. doctors generally extended the lectures belond prescribed number, it soon became apparent that a lalg e proportion of the pupils were not content with first-:l.1d lectures only, and therefore advanced classes were formed, for women, at St. Mary's Hospital, and for men at King's Colltge and Westminster Hospitals. Subsequently these advanced classes, although not often held at hospitals, became general, and a second examination was held and a superior certificate was given.

It was in 1879 that the first manual of am bulance (Shepherd's Handbook) was pu blished, and 2,600 coples were at once sold.

At this time also it was found necessary to establish a depot at St. John's Gate, from which all articles required for the lectures, such as handbooks, anatomical diagrams, bandages, splints, tourniquets, and stretchers could be supplied.

Hitherto the Association had obtaintd its two-wheeled litters from Germany, and some of its stretchers fro m France; an ambulance wagon had also been purchased by special permission from the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich. N or must the Esmarch triangular bandage, also made in Ge!many, be forgotten, as it was then the most popular artIcle of an ambulancer's kit. But it was now materiel invented for and adapted to the needs of the Assoclation, and manufactured in England. A new stretched was introduced, and this was soon followed by a two-wheeled litter of original design, which combined the stretcher with an under-carriage.

In 1883 an effort was made to bring home first-aid instruction to the officers and men of the marine, more particularly to those on vessels which go to sea without a doctor. More than twenty years afterwards a regulation was issueo by the Marine Department of the Board of Trade making the possession of a first aid certificate by officers of

*Originally published in the "Journal of the Royal Naval Service," October 1923.

tThe well -k nown Furley stretcher.

December, 19 2 3.

-FIRST

the mercantile marine compulsory before promotion to certain grades.

Since those days the scope and dimensions of the Association have grown enormously. In practically every town throughout the Kingdom there are organized centres for instruction, and 1,520,313 certificates of proficiency in first-aid and in home nursing have been issued.

In order to facilitate the administration of first-aid to the injured, and to organize the volunteers qualified to perfor m this duty, the St. John Ambulance Brigade was gra dually evolved. It was felt that it was a great waste for all these thousands of men and women who had taken certificates in First-aid and Home Nursing never to have an opportunity of using their knowledge for public benefit, and gra dually there grew up the idea of forming them into a co rporate body.

Ambulance stations were established at public exhibition s and at other places where large crowds were likely to assemble . The most important of these early stations was at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in 1886, and it was

the wedding of King George. On that day upwards of 1,5 00 cases paued through the hands of the St. John men and women.

Referring to the work of the units of the Brigade in the metropolis only, the number of cases treated by members on the occasions mentioned below will testify to the value of the Brigade to the civil popUlation.

Event No. of cases treated Queen Victoria's Jubilee Over 600 Funeral of Queen Victoria... 1,3 0 5 Coronation of King Edward VII 1,375 Royal Procession of King Edward VII 1,155 Funeral of King Edward VII ... Over 10,000 Coronation of King George V 4,534 March of Allied Twops through London... Over 7,000 In 1922 members of the Brigade attended 160,000 cases of accident.

The St. John Ambulance Brigade is organised by districts, of which there are thirteen in the United Kingdom.

Hither Green Division and Cadet Section, No. I District.

Seated (l eft to right )- Amb. Officer G. Carpenter, Div. Supt. W. H. Smith, Dist. Officer E. J. Prew ( H.S .B. ), E. A. Richards, Esq., Commissioner No. II District, Dr. G. A. Maling, V.C., M.A., Div. Surgeon, Dist. Officer J. Bourne, Amb. Officer P. Betts.

in the following year that these scattered corps were incorporated in the St. John Am bulance Brigade.

An ambulance corps Jrom St John's Gate had been em ployed several times in the Metropolis on public occasions, but it was not until Victoria's Jubilee in 188 7 that the Chief Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police realized the absolute necessity for an ambulance organization, and encouraged the efforts of the ambulance corps. Many accidents were attended to during the festivities which extended over the several days of the Jubilee celebrations, but only men were employed, as at that time it had not dawned on the authorities that women should also be used in public ambulance work.

The number of women and children who were attended to on these public occasions made somebody in authority realise that women ambulance workers should be enlisted, and in January, 18Y3, Nursing Divisions were organised, the first duty being undertaken by nursing sisters on April 3 of the same year. The first really big event when St. John Nursing Sisters were employed publicly was for

Each district therefore comprises several counties. The headquarters are at St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, and the chief officers of the Brigade at the present time are :-

Chief Commissioner: Colonel Sir James R. A. Clark, Bart., c.B., C.M . G., F.R.C.S.E.

Deputy Chief Commissioner: Colonel G. A Moore, C.M.G , D.S.O., M.D.

Surgeon-in-Chief: Sir William H. Bennett, K.C.V.O., F.R.C.S.

Lady Superintendent-in-Chief of Nursing Corps and Divisions: Lady Perrott, R.R.c.

Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief: Colonel S. M. Smith, C.B., F.R.C.S.

Secretary: Major P. G. Darvil-Smith) C.B.E. In command of each district is a commissioner, with one or more assistant commissioners under him. Each district is divided into divisions, with a superintendent in charge. In towns possessing three or more divisions. tht::se may be amalgamated into a Corps with a corps superintendent in charge.

-FIRST AID.-

Each · division raises its own funds which are administered by a committee of 1 he division and a treasurer appoir.ted. Not do the members of the Brigade render voluntary aSSIstance to th e general pu blic in cases of acc1dents, but they spend time and energy in raising funds-by means of concerts, bazaars and collections-to carry out their work.

The ranks and titles allowed in the Brigade are as follows in order of precedence :-

Chief Lady Corps Officer.

Deputy ChIef Commissioner. Divisional Suraeon. Divisional ' Supt.-·lD-Chlef. Lady Divisional Supt.

ASSistant Surgeon-in-Chief Ambulance Officer. Nursing Officer.

Commissioner. Transport Officer.

Surg :3 on. Lady Ambulance Officer. District .0tt,icer. District Sergeant-Major. Lady DIstnct Supt. Corps Sergeant-Major. Lady District Officer. Staff-Sergeant. County Surgeon. Sergeant. Corps Surgeon. Corporal. Corps Suderintendent. Private.

Lady Corps Supt. Am bulance Sister Corps Officer.

will be seen that the Brigade is organised on military lInes, and the mem bers are accustomed to the usual drills, and to marching in companies, &c.

The uniform of the Brigade is black with white metal buttons the peaked cap has a white bInd with the Brigade badge 1D front. Officers wear a jacket with white collar and black tie, and a black leather Sam Browne belt. Th e men w:ear a tunic, with white gloves and a brown leather belt WIth pouch. Over the right shoulder is swung a white canvas haversac, and over the left shoulder a water botle.

Members of the Prince of Wales's District (London) wear as a collar badge His Royal Highness's plume o feathers.

Various badges are worn on the uniform indicatina effici.ent for periods of t?ree years special qualIficatIOns, such as the possessIOn of th e Association's medallion or nursing certificate.

In ad?ition to the Brigade medals, officers and men proudly display · medals and decorations gained in the South African War and in the Great War. Medals were also to those on duty during the Dlamond Jubilee celebratIOns, and at the Coronations of KlOg Edward VII. and Kl[)g G eorge V. The R N. A.S. B R. Long Service Medal-awarded for twelve years' service in this Reserve -is now by no m e ans uncommon.

. A par:ade of a large Corps of St. John's Am bulance BrIgad e mdkes a gallant show, and is second to none as a display of smartms5, keenness, e fficiency and of service.

Each DIv.islOn its own headquarters, which may be a drill hall with billiard room, s;anteen and readlOg room attached, or merely a single small room on the top floor of some building. It appears as if much depended upon the wealth of the local inhabitants and the g e nerosity of the large employers of labour.

SUCh, t?en, the organization from which the Royal Naval AUX Iliary Slck B erth is recruited.

B efo re thiS Res e rve was instituted, the St. Ambulance Brigade had alre tdy gain e d in providing trained men to augment the Army N ur Sing Service in time of war. In 1898, it being consider.e d th a t the Brigade might be .to rend e r valuable to the Military Authoritles 10 the event of a natIOnal emergency, negotiations

December, 1923.

were opened with the War Office with a vi e w to some being made H>garding th:: conditions under which members of the Brigac e could be employed with the Army.

In February, I899, a letter was addressed to the Secretary of State for War from the Chief Commissioner suggesting that be advisable to arrange in time of the under which, in time of war, the could .be and negotiations w.;..re opened ":Ith this end 10 view. The Commissioner, in the meantime, called for a to sent to him as to the feelings of all Corps and DIVIS io ns I.n t?e matter, and c all ing for a return of volunteers for s erYlce 10 South Africa.

The first call for volunteer s was made on Nov. 2 cst, 18 99, and from that time, as the resources of the Royal Army Medical Corps became more and more ex hausted calls were made on the Brigade. These met Without any hesitation or dday.

Over members of the Brigade serv ed with the R.A M.q. 10 the South African War, a re.markable numb e r consldermg that the total strength of the Brigade at the end of (90L was only 6,500. following is a little illustration of the rapidity with which m e n were call e n up. An order for th e second contlOgent of fifty five men was received at headon the morning of November 20th, and befor e mldDlght of nnd, men, drawn from all parts Of. the were assem bled at St. John's Ga te, fitted With and fully equipped, although th .., y did not em bark untIl the 25 th memoers of the Brigade lost thei r lives in that war, elgh.t were in as having rendered speCial and men tonous sprVlce, an done pri vate was award e d the Medal for Dlsringuished Conduct in the field.

We can now return to the orioin of the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick B e rth Rtscrv<,. 0

In Inspector -Ge n e ral Wood's original scheme it was proposed :-

To form a reserve of trained sisters for service in h03pltals on shore and afloat.

(b) To extend the terms of the Royal Fleet Reserve to the Sick Berth Staff and thus slowly to build up a trained nucleus.

(c) To supplem e nt this by an Ambulance :Reserve of Volunteers from the St. John Ambulance Brigade and St. Andrew's Co·p:; and thfC'ir Associatiom, and

(d) By sp eCial courses of instruction at the Gov e rnmen.t expense t.o make the reservists as far as possible effiCIent for serV1ce.

All these prop osals were accepted, except (b). To be Continued).

notification of Appointmmtsthe name of D IVIsIOnal .Su perintendent, J. E. Matthews, i.; wrongly as b e longmg to the Manchester Co rp5 instead of the Btnmnglt am C orps.

The International Committee of the Red Cross has Colonel W!ldhol to inquire into urge.nt measures req.U\red for the rchef of pee pie suffering in Germany oWlOg to th e econumic crisis, says a Reuter message from Geneva.

When corresponding with AdverUsers pJease mention "Plrst Ald."

December, 19:13· -FIRST

St. john J\mbulance J\ssociation.

BRISTOL CHNTRE.

The r epor t for the year 1922 and 1923 shows that interest in Ambulance work is well maintained in the City. Eighteen Classes having been held during the year, 10 in First Aid, (4 for men, and 6 for women) and 6 in Home Nursing, (2 for men, and 4 for women), the classes have all round contained an average number of candidates. The numbers who received instruction being 323, and the number of successsful candidates 28 1.

We note with a certain amount of pride, that Bristol holds ber own, as far as those holding St. John certificates are concerned, compared witb such cities as Manchester, Sheffield, and Liverpool, it stands fifth for the year 19 21 - 22 for the whole of England, with the exception of the Great Railways

The Annual Competition for the Cup presented by Mr. C. E. Beavis for Certificate Holders, Mrs. Squire's Cup for Medallion Holders, and the Novice Cup presented by the Centre was held at the Zoological Gardens on July 28th,

Aln-

the Board of Trade, that all men wishing to sit for promotion in the Mercantile Marine, shall hold a St. John Fust Aid certificate.

We are glad to see that the efforts of the" Safety First" movement are meeting with the support they deserve from the general public, workers in factories, and on the railways.

LEICESTER CENTRE.

The Mayor (Councillor J. M. Hubbard) presided at the annual meeting of the Leicester Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association held on Tuesday, D e cember 4th. He was satisfied, he said, to know there was a corps of men and women in the City ready to give help when necessary.

The annual empbasised the need for a wider of First Aid and Home Nursing, so that pain and suffering cOilld be alleviated, and human life strengthened and prolonged. It also urged the desirability of firms affording encouragement to the formation of factory and warehouse classes.

The Mayor was elected President of the Leicester

1923. There was a record entry, no fewer than 27 teams, of 5 men in eacb team, competing for the three Trophies. Teams were entered from the various factories and works, as :- Messrs. Lysaght'S, Fry's, Packer's, several railway teams and the local Brigade Division teams.

The Judges for the Novice Cup were Lt.-Col. Collingwood and Dr. F. Bodman, for The Beavis Drs. H. G. Kyle and B. N. Blood, and for the Squire, Drs. H. W. M. Strover, and E. G. C. Atchley. Regrets were received from 12 medical men who are familiar with the St. John manual, who were to be present on account of absence from the City, severa l of them being at The Medical Association Meetings.

The following are the names of the successful teams :"The Novice," Clifton, 80 points. Redland, 74 points. G.W.R. No 3 team, 69 points. "The Beavis/' G.W.R. NC'. I, 97 points. G.W.R. West Depot, 96 points. Clifton, 9 1 points. "The Squires," Packer's, lor points. Clifton, 97 points. G. W.R. Passenger Guards, 84.

Twenty-seven men sat for Lectures in "First Aid," and of them passed successfully, this is a regulation of

Centre, and other officers were elected as last year, Mr. J. L. King being made a vice-president.

The financial report showed a slight decrease in the balance in hand.

PLYMOUTH CENTRE.

Under the auspices of the Joint Council of the Order of St. John, the British Red Cross, and Home Service Ambulance Committee, an inspection has been made of ambulance and stations in the south of England. The inspecting officer was Major Eden Paget, c.B.E., who is responsible for the ambulances of the Joint Organisation in the British Isles.

The following are extracts of public interest, taken from his remarks on the Plymouth and District St. John Ambulance Service :" I came away from Plymouth more than ever impressed with your great powers of organisation, and the wonderful results achieved." "It is a real pleasure to be among people, who, knowing their job so thoroughly, are so forebearing in their criticism of others, and so generous in making helpful s\1ggestions ,"

The Roche Cadets of the Rochdale Corps.

To all our friends we give our very best wishes for a Happy Christmas and a Prosperous New Year.

WHEN CORRESPONDING WITH ADVERTISERS PLEASE MEN'1'lON "FIHST AID."

AI D.- December, 192'3.

Brevities.

A WRITER in this month's Boys' Brigade Gazette, giving advice on the formation of ambulance classes amongst boys point out that it is better not to start such a class until you have got a duly qualified mn.n to take it. A poor instructor is worse than none. Not only must he understand his subject, but he must be able to make b oy s understand it, and that is a very differ e nt thing. A doctor may be a good lecturer to medical student s and a failure with such lads as ours by bting too technical and too lavish in the use of "Jawbreakers." A wtll-trained and keen St. John's Ambulanc e man or R.A.M.C. man might be a better t ea cher than a doctor who was not iutimate with the working -class boy. But let us get the doctors for the B.B. The fact that our time is not o ur own may pravent some of us from undertaking regular duties, but I strongly advise you to interest the medical man of this town in your companies by finding them occasional jobs, such as a company am bulanc e e xamin ation, the medical examination of boys before camp, and so on.

"* "* "*

What can be done in organising successful concerts in aid of Brigade funds is shown annually by the Bradford Tramways Ambulanc e and Nursing Division. Each year they engage some of the best artistes in the country and hav e a packed audience which considerably augments their funds.

Every individual should realise, says the American Red Cross, how much it means, not simply to know what to do in time of emergency, but what not to do; to have an intelligent grasp of the means and methods for the protection and saving of human life. Every community should realise how much it means for the safety of its people in view of the fact that authorities have established that out of an avnage group of 25,000 ptrsons 2 I will be killed during a year; that four will be killed by motor cars, three by falls, two by burns, one by firearms, one by machinery, and the remainder by other causes. Th e field for first aid instruction is unlimited and the service is doing efficient work to spread recognition of its vital value and gr e at bene fit. It has been said that" th e scrap-pi; e in a mill yard is an indicator of the efficiency of the plant. "

Among the ambulances shown at the recent motor Exhibition was a Crossley with two stretchers, first -aid cabinets, wash bowl and interior lights, priced at .£950; also a French Berliet with folding top stretcher, which can be loaded at the level of the lower one and raised by one man, and a bottom stretcher with movable headrest and detachable under-carriage. This cost only '£550'

December , [923 - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

TliE ST. JOliN AMBULANCE OAZETTE.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Supplement.

The Orand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of the Order

St. fohn's Gate, Cle rken well, London, E.C., 27t1z Nov, I92J.

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction the followi ng in, and appointments to, the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England:-

As Cltaplat'll:

The Most Rev. Charles Owen Leaver Riley, O.B.E., V.D., LL.D., D.D., Archbishop of Pert h.

As Knt'ghts of Grace:

Major-General Sir Percival Spearman Wilkinson, KC.M.G., C.B., etc.

Lieut.-Colonel General Hamilton Goddard, D.S.O., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., R.A.l\1.C. (from Honorary Serving Brother).

Hugh Falconer Oldham, l\I.B.E., M.D. (from Honorary Associate).

Lieut.-C olonel William Rooth Skinner, D.S.O., M.B.,S.A.M.C. (fr om Honorary Associate).

The Right lIon. The Earl of Mount Edgcumbe.

The Han. Sir Alexander Frederick Whyte.

Lieut.-Colon el Sir Arthur Leetham, C.J\I.G.

As Ladies 0, Grace:

The Lady Theodora Davidson.

Edie Emtly Lady Maclagan.

Mari e Josephine, Miss McConnell.

Flor ence, Miss Treloar.

As Honorary Serving Brothers.

Edward Stanley Fellowes-Farrow.

George Cooke.

Jam es Daniels.

Samuel Ford.

Rob ert Harrop.

Frederick William Hunt.

James Edward Keighley.

Morrison George Matthews, O. B.E.

Major Millington Moreton, T.D.

William Edward Neil.

George Freeman Ordish.

Thomas Henry Palmer.

Edward John Rogers.

John Thomas Thomas.

As Honorary Serving Sisters:

Rosabelle Lindesay, Miss Sinclair.

Harritt Emma, Mrs. Parker.

Jane Katherine, Mrs. Preston.

As Honorary Associates.

James Brigg, C. B.E.

Lieut.-Colonel Charles Robert Browne, M.D., R.A.:Vr.C., T.D.

John Wheeler Cleveland, L.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

John Dunn, F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

Frederick Burrough Jefferiss, F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

Thomas Freeman Long, M,R.C.S., L.R. C.P.

Charles Edward Paterson, l\1.D.

Andrew Smith, M.D.

Appointments, Etc.

N OVEMB2R, 192 3.

The Rt. Hon. Major-General the Earl of Scarborough, G.B.E., Sub-Pri!?r acting .on behalf of the Grand Prior, has sanctIOned the follOWing appoIntment :Distr ict Surgeon C. J. R. MacFadden, O.B.E., M.D., to be Assistant Commissioner for the Northern Area, No. District, 20.7.23

The Chie f Commissioner has sanctioned the following appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

PRINCE OF WALES'S DISTRICT.

Corps Supt. Capt. George Gerhold to be District Officer, 2.7. 2 3

Divisional Supt. Capt. Lawrence Franks to be District Officer, 27. I I.23

No. 68 (City of London) Division.-Ambulance Officer George Henry Peters to D istrict Supt. 26.11. 23

No. 22 (Harro w) Nursing Division.-Alice Burn, M.B., Ch.B., to Lady Divisional Supt. 23· 1. 2 3

No. 15 ( Ilford ) Nuring DivislOn.-Robert Boyd R9bson, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 23. 11. 2 3 London Post Office Corps, No. 58.2 (N orth Western District Office) Division.-Ambulance Officer Edward Claridge Humphrey to Divisional Supt, 5. 11. 23

NO. 9 (R oyal Borough of Kensington) ursing Division.Andrew Aitken Barclay, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 5. 1 1. 2 3

\Valthamstow and Distr kt Corps No. 29 (\Valthamstow)

Division.-Staff Sergeant James Kemp to be Ambulance officer, 26.1 I. 23

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Chesham Nursing Division.-Edith L. Collins to be Lady Ambulance Officer, I5·I1.23

Lymington Nursing Dlvision.-Lady Supt. Miss Alexander resigned, 4.12.23

Reading Nursing Division.-Lady Supt. Mrs. Padley resigned, I3·11.23

Twyford Division.-Lionel Gibbs Hopkins Furbur, L.M.S.S.R. to be Divisional Surgeon, 12.I1. 2 3

William Henry Hamblin to be Divisional Supt., 12.11.23

- FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE. - December, 1923

December, 1923. -F'IRST AID.-

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Lady Ambulance Officer Edith Indermaur to be Lady District Officer for the County of Leicester, 27.10.23

Leicester Corps, De Montford Div isi on.-Divisional Surgeon Macleod and Supt. W. Wheelwright transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 10.10.23

Cuthbert Charles Harber Binns, M.B., B.C., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 5.6.2'3

Northampton Corps, Headquarters Nursing Division.Ida Chapman to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 8.11.23

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Blackpool Nursing Division. -B ertha Marsden to be Lady Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes, 3I.IO.23

Boltou Corps, Victoria Hall Division.-Walter Dootson to be Sergt.-Major, 5.10.23

Liverpool Corps (Liverpool NursinJ:r Division ).-Margaret Appleyard to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 13.11.23

5 DISTRICT.

Lady Ambulance Officer Gertrude Ash berry to be Lady District Supt. Southern Area, \Vestern Riding of Yorks, 26.J I.:!

Barnoldswick Div ision. - Edith Barlow to be Lady Divisional Supt., 2.11.23

Bradford Corps.-Corps Supt. J. Wade, resigned 19 11.23

Denaby Main Corp5.-Wath-on-Dearne Division .-John

Forrest Hamilton, M.B., B.S. to be Divisional Surgeon and Supt., 8 I .23 ; vice Supt. M. Martyn resigned. Hamley and Distr ict C orps, Wolstanton Nursing Division. -Late Supt. F. E. Banks transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 15. 10 23

Hebden Bridge Corps.-Divisional Surg. Sidney Pockin

Pollard to be Divis ional Surgeon and Supt., 6.11.23

Holbrook Coll iery Div ision.-Guy Herveu Mead,M. R.C.S., L. R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 23. 11.23

Leeds Corps (C entral Nursing Diviswn. )- Emma Palefreyman to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 17 11.23

Longton and District Corps (F enton Division).-Supt. M. Stevenson transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 14. 11.23

Longton (N ursing Dlv ision).-James Manuel, M.B., Ch.B., to be DIvisional Surgeon, 3 11.23

Nottingham Corps (City Division ). - Herbert Arnold Summers, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 26 11.23

Portland Divlsion.-Supt. E. Beavan .transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 1211.23

Scunthrope and Frodingham Division.-Sergeant James Henry Buckby to be Ambulance Officer, 4.12 23

Sheffield Corps.- Josepb Beasley to be Corps SergeantYlajor, 1.1.21

Staveley Corps.-Divisional Supt. John Hunler to be Corps Supt., 23.11.23

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Mid Durham Corps (S penny Moor Division(.-Mark Teasdale to be Ambulance Officer, 7. I 1.23

Murton Colliery Divlsion.-Supt. W. Murray transferred from Victoria Garesfield Division supernumerary to establIshment, 30.11.23

North Durham Corps ( Gateshead Borough Nursing Division ).-Mary Manners, M.B., to by Lady Divisional Surgeon, 27. 10 23

North Tyneside Corps (W ellington Quay Nursing Divi· sion).-Margaret Arkle to be Lady Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes, 26.10.23

St. HIlda Divis ic n.-Allen Arthur Trotter to be Ambulance Officer, 10.1023

No.8 DI STRICT.

Guildford Corps (C amberley and Frimley Division).Alexander Stewart MacMillan to be Divisional Supt., 3.12.23

Gravesend Division .- Herbert Brice-Baker to be DIvisional Supt., 13 IL23

Hastings 1"Iursinp' Division .- Lily Ransom to be Lady Ambulauce Officer for Cadet purposes, 30.12.23

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Commissioner Lieut·Co!. C. I. Ellis, G.M.G., etc., granted leave of absence from 21.12.23. to June 1924

Lady District Supt. Mrs. Ellis, granted leave of absence from 21.12.23. to June 1924

Devonport Nursing Division.-Alice Maud Pengelly to be Lady Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes, 1.12.23

Exeter City Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

Miss \\Toods resigned, 7.12.23

No. II DISTRICT.

Divisional Supt. Jospeh Patrick Flavin to be District Officer, 2.11.23

Ashford Station Division.- Divisional Supt. S. Marsh to be Supt·3·11.:l3

South Ashford D ivision.-Ralph Leslie Robinson, M. R. C. S.,

L.R.C.P to be Divisional Surgeon, 3I.IO 23

NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named ;-

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Darleston Division.-Sanctioned, 7.12.23

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Fleetwood Nursing Division.-Disbanded, 4.12.23

Bolton L &Y.R. Divisivn - Re -named Bolton L.M.&S.R. Division, 16 1 r.23

Amblesid e Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 19. 1 1. 23

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Emma Colliery Cadet Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 1.11. 23

No.8 DISTRICT.

Hastings Cadet Tursiog' Division.-Sanctioned, 30. [1. 23

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Ford Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 29. I [ .23

DEATHS.

Divisional Surgeon Dr. Wright, Murton Colliery Division, 4. 12 23

JAMES R. A. CLARK (Colonel), ChIef CommiSSIOner.

J\mbulance :News euttings.

The Editor invites to send newspaper cuttings 01l matters oj general interest for inclusion in this colum n.

Two GIRLS SERIOU SLY BURNT AT FANCY DRESS PARADE

Fifth of Hovember celebrations at Battle ended with a serious accident.

Two young girls, prizewinners in the fancy dress parade, were seriously burned. Their costumes wer e composed largely of cotton wool, and as they were marching in the pro c ession round a huge bonfire a sqUIb set alight their dresses and they were enveloped in flames.

A man threw a coat round the girls and smothered the flames, but not before they had receIved extensive burns.Daily Chronicle.

WOl\JAN'S FAL SE TEETH.

A woman hurried into St. George's Hospital, Hyde Park Corner, W., vomiting and suffering from severe pains. She told the doctor s that she had swallowed a plate with four false teeth two hours earl ier.

It was decided to use the X rays and then operate to extract the teeth, but while the X-rays were being applied another woman ran into the hospital and produced the missing teeth, whicb she had found in the patient's house

The doctors said the woman's sickness was due only to the belief that she had swallowed the teeth.-lJ ai(y lIrail

PRIORY FOR WALES.

Brigade News, APPOINTMENTS, NOVEMBER, 1923.

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by tbe Ambulanc e Committee ;CARMARTHENSIIIRE CENTRE.

LlaneIIy G.W.R. Division.-Ambulance Officer John Edwa rd Williams to be Divisional Sup t., 26.11.23

DENBIGHSHIRE CENTRE.

Chirk Division.-Captain Travis Hampson, M.C ., M.B., Ch. B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 26.11.23 ; Sergt. David Jones to be Divisional Supt., 26. I.23

GLAr. IORGANSH IRE CENTRE.

Aberavon Corps.-Divisional Surgeon Dr. Hubert Phillips, M.D., M.A., B.Sc. ( Oxon), 26.11.23; Corps Secretary Dav id T homas to be Corps Supt., 26. J I. 23; Corps Treasurer Edgar As hley Howe to be Corps Secretary, 21).11.23; Divi5ional Sup t. David Pugh to be Corps Treasurer, 26.11.23

Cwm Colliery DivislOn.-Sergt. Albert Greatrex to be Divi sional Supt., 26.11.23

Penallta Division.-Richard Silvanus Griffith to be Divisiona l Supt. ( probationary), 26. I 1.23

BOROUGH OF ABER DA RE CENTRE.

Auerdare Division.-Ambulanr.e Officer David John Drew to be Divisional Supt., 26. I.23

Abercynon Division.-Ambulance Officer Walter Jackson to be Divisional Supt., 26. I 1.23

Hirwain D ivi slon.-Dr leun G. Thomas, I\-I.B., B.Ch. (E din.), to be DIvisional Surgeon (p robationary ), 26.11.23; William John Meyler to be Divisional Supt. ( probationary ), 26. II. 23

Mountain Ash Division.-Dr. Alexander Leslie Ross, :'11. A., M.D., Ch .B. , to be DIvisional Surgeon, 26.1I.23

BOROUGH 01· l\lbRTHYR TYD FIL CENTRE.

Merthyr Nursing Division.-Dr. Horace Burchan Binks !'vLB., Ch.P., D.P. H., to be DIvisional Surgeon, 26.11.23

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Corcmisioner for Wales ;CARMART HEN SH IRE CbNTRE.

Cross Hands Division -Pte Daniel Hughes to be Corpl. and Division Storekeeper, 19.1 I.23 ; Pte. WIlliam Scourfield to be Corpi., 19 11.23; Pte. WIllIam Thomas to be Corp!., 19.1 1.23; Pte. Thomas Howells to be Corp!., 19.11.23; Sergt. Joh n Davies to be Ambulance Offic e r, 19.11.23; Pte. William Joh n Davies to be Sergt., 19.11.23; Pte. Brinley Roberts to be Sergt., 19 11.23 ; Pte. Henry James Culliford to be Ambulan ce Officer, 19.11.23

Kidwelly Dlvision.-Sergt. John Edwards to be Divisional Secretary, 13. 1.23 ; Pte. David John Jenkins to be Divisio nal Storekeeper, 13 11.23; Pte. \VIlliam John Rogers to be Divisional Treasurer, 13.11.23

Llanelly G.W.R. Division.-Pte. George Edward Smith to be Ambulance Officer, 21.11.23

CARNA R\ ON SH IRE CENTRE.

Llandudno Division.-Pte. Gerald St. John Day to be Divisi onal Secretary, 23.10.23

GLA MORGANSHIRE CENTRE.

Cwm Colliery Division -Pte. George Bailey to be Ambulanc e Officer, 26. I I.23

Great Western Colliery Division.-Pte. Daniel Evans to be Ambulance Officer, 26.11.23

Marine Colliery Divis ion.-C orp!' Samuel Parsons to be Sergt. and Secretary, 30.10.23 ; Corpi. William John More to

be Sergt. (supernumera ry ), 23 1.23; Sergt. Charles Robert Lee to be Ambulance Officer, 23.10.23

MONMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE.

Pontypool N ortb Cadet Division.-Cadet Lindus Simmonds to be Cadet Lance Corpl., 13.11.2 3.

CITY OF CARDIFF CENTRE.

Barry Do ck D ivision. - S ergt. (Sup ernumerary ) Eric Albert Houston to be Sergt., 21.11.23; Sergt. (Su pernumerary ); Sidney William Hillman to be Sergt., 2I.1I.23; Sergt. (Sup ernumera ry) Albert Edward Williams to be Sergt., 21.11.23; Corp!. (Sup ernumer y) John Lewis Collins to be Corp!., 2I.II.23.

ABERDARE CENTRE.

Abercynon Division.-Private Owen E\'ans to be Corp!', 26 1 I.23; Corp!' Henry Thomas to be Sergt., 26. I 1.23; Sergt. Charl es William Gregory to be Ambulance Officer, 26.11.23.

Abercynon Nursing Division.-Ambulance Sister Maggie Williams to be Lady D ivisional Secretary, 26.11.23. Aberdare Division.-Corpl. John Charles Parker to be Ambulance Officer, 26.11.23; Corp!' Richard Jones to be Sergt., 26.11.23; Sergt. Alfred Thomas Morgan to be Ambulance Officer, 26.11.23; Private David Thomas Jones to be Sergt., 2611.23; Private Jamies Lewis to be Corp!., 26.11.23; Private David Evans to be Corp!., 26. 11.23; Privat e Thomas Henry \Villiams to be Corp!., 26.I 1.23.

Hirwain Division.-Stephen David Stanford to be Corp!., 26.1 I. 22 John Rees Jones to be Divisional Storekeeper, 26. I I.23; Samuel Smith to be Ambulance Officer (Pr obationary ), 26. I I.23.

NEW DIVISIONS.

N ew Divisions sanctioned during the month :CENTRE.

Griffithstown Ambulance Division, 27.10.23.

General Interest.

Al\.IBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

During the month of November examinations were conducted in connection with the Swansea Pohce, Basseleg G. W.R, OnlIwyn and Seven Sisters, Britton Ferry, Treforest, Llantrisant Police, and Cardiff G. W. R. Classes, and the following Divisions were re·examined ;-Six Bells, Merthyr Borough, Treherbert, Treharris, Brithdir, Brynmawr, Cardiff Emergency, Barry Nursing, and Cardiff Emergency Nursing.

In Breconshire ambulance work is being taken up with new zeal. Mrs. Morgan, of AberlIech, has organised a Nursing Clas!= at LIandilo Farn. Twenty-eight students have been enrolled, and Dr. James 'Powell, of Sennybridge, has kindly undertaken to give the necessary lectures. This is the first Nursing Class to be established in Br e conshire, and it is hoped that other inft uential ladies will follow Mrs. Morgan's example, and help every woman in this agricultural area to thoroughly understand First Aid and Home Nursing.

Mrs. Bevan Llewellyn, of Splott, Cardiff, is also holding a Class at her residence on Friday evenings. She has always been an active worker, and the Medical Comforts D e pot, which she is running on behalf of the Priory has been a means of relieving much suffering in the district. The l e ctures are being given by Dr. Edgar Llewellyn.

-FIRS1"

Gradually, but surely, everyone is waking to the importance of the claim made by First Aid and the allied subjects on our attention. It is well to remember that this knowledge, in addition to prescribing treatment for present ills is also a health preservative. Unfortunately, however, we do not fully appreciate phYliical fitness until we lose it, so great is the literal as well as the moral truths of the aphorism The healthy know not of their health, only the sick."

ROYAL NATIONAL EISTEDDFODD OF WALES, PONTYPOOL, 1924.

Pontypool is the Centre for the holding of the Royal National Eisteddfodd in August, 1924, and ambulance competitions are again a feature of the programme.

The "Lady Bute" and "Lady Lewis" Challenge Cups of the Priory for Wales are being competed for in an open competition by ambulance and nursing teams respectively, and the members of the winning teams will be presented with special medals and money prizes of £10, £5, and £ I, will be awarded to the first three teams. There will be competitions (onfined to Ambulance and Nursing teams in Wales and Monmouthshire for the "Silurian Shield" for Nurses, and the" Trevithin Shield II for m en. Money prizes of £5, £3, and £ I, will be presented to the first three teams, and the members of the winning team will special medals.

Two competitions have been arranged for junior teams in Wales and Monmouthshire for the "Isca Trophy" and the "Gwent Trophy " for girls and boys respEctively. The members of the winning team will be awarded special medals, and the first three teams will receive money prizes of £3, £2, and £r.

The final judges will be Sir Robert Jones, K.B.E., C.B, F R.e.S., Chief Surgeon of the Priory for Wales; Sir Napier Burnett, K.B.E, F.Re.S., Chief Officer, the Joint Councii of the Order of St. John and the British Red Cross Society; Prof Alfred W. Sheen, e. B.E., F.R.e.S., Director Welsh National School of Medicine; Miss Cox Davies, M.B.E, R.R.C., late Matron, The Royal Free Hospital, London.

May 9th, 1924, is the last day of entry, and further particulal.'s may be obtained from the "Official List of Subjects" (price gd., post free lId.), which is obtainable from Mr. R Stephen, general secretary, I, Victoria-road, Pontypool, Mon., and Mr. G. H. Nelms, ambulance secretary, 37, Wainfelin-avenue, Pontypool, Mon. AFFILIATION OF RAILWAY CT.-ASSES.

The London, Scottish and Midland Railway Company has decided to its ambulance work in Wales to the Priory, the arrangement to come into force on January 1st, 1924. This arrangement will affect a large number of workers, as the Company organises about twentyambulance classes in North Wales and thirty in South Wales each year and cannot fail to be the general advantage as the Priory is Gealing with the whole of the am bulance work of the Order in Wales and, by its County Committees, has the means of providing interest for those connected with the work.

OBITUARY.

The Swansea Borough Centre has sustained a sad loss in the much lamented death of Dr. Hubert Hope Thomas, J.P , which occurred on November 9th at his residence at Brynhyfryd, Swansea. Son of the late Mr. William Thomas, J.P , and nephew of a former Town Clerk of Swansea (the late Mr. John Thomas) and of Dr. D.

AID.- December, 1923

Howell Thomas, J.P , the deceased was one of the best known local practitioners. Although avoiding public life as much as possible, the late Dr. Thomas was prominently connected with many beneficial movements. For twentyfive years he taught first aid to a large number of students and was ever in request as an adjudicator in all the local competitions. Recently he was appointed Sub Commissioner of the Swansea Centre, and his services were also recognised this year by the Order who created him an Honorary Associate. His is deeply mourned by the officers and members of the Swansea Centre, by all of whom he was revered as a lovable and genial comrade. At the funeral Dr. Urban :Marks, Com missioner for Swansea, Divisional Surgeons Dr. J. S. L Roberts and J. T. Woonside, Staff Officers T. J. Morris, Hugh S. Cann and W. H. Fisher, and Supts. John Evans and D. J. Workman acted as pall bearers, and about 55 men and 20 nurses followed the hearse.

On Tuesday, November 20th, Dr. J. S. Nolan, Divisional Surgeon of the Bedwas Division, passed away with tragic suddenness at his home at Twyn Gwyn, For eighteen years he held an extensive practice in Bedwas, and through his cheerful personality and talent he was endeared to everyone in the locality, As a Brigade Officer he was respected and beloved Ready to support every effort for public good in which the division was engaged. He was a generous benefactor, and it will be difficult to appoint a successor who will tRke a keener interest in the Brigad e

Centre

Reports.

FLINTS HIRE CENTRE.

The Sub Prior, the Right Hon. Lord Kylsant, G.C.M.G has approved the appointment of Mr. David F. Pennant, Nantlys, St. Asaph, as Chairmln of the Flintshire Centre. A meeting was recently conver;ed by the Right Hon. Lord Mostyn, President of the Centre, for the purpose of electing members to serve nn the County Committee, and there is every promise of the Priory's work being taken up with full vigour shortly.

GLAMORGANSHIRE CENTRE

A conference of ambulanc e and nursing illembers was held at the Jubilee Hall, Pontypridd, on November 17th, when representatives of the Priory from the Aberdare, Glamorganshire, Borough of Rhondda and Borough of Merthyr Tydfil Centres were present, and Mr. Thomas Tamylor, J.P., Chairman of the Council, supported by Mr. H. Leonard Porcher, extended an official welcome, and spoke of the benefits the whole community rec e ived from the national ambulance organisation. Dr. R Baird Milne, Commissioner for Aberdare, presided, and the Principal Secretary spoke on the working of Medical Comforts Depots, the Motor Am bulance Transport Services, and other activities of the Priory. There was a lengthy discussion on Brigade work, and it was agreed that a similar conference should be held annually, so that the members might benefit from the interchange of ideas.

On November 5th, Sub-Commissioner C. T. Hurry Riches conducted the annual inspection of the Brithdir Division There was a good muster and a special feature of the parade was the appearance of forty-one juniors who are being formed into a Cadet Division.

December, 19 2 3.

MONMOUTHSHIRR CENTRE.

The 16th annual presentation meeting of the Pontypool Ambulance Corps took place at tbe Ambulance Hall on Saturday evening. Dr. T. Glyn James presided and the Principal Secretary handed the insignia of the Order to Corps-Secretary George Henry Nelms and to Corps-Inspector of Stores, Mr. J. Rickards.

The meeting also celebrated the inauguration of a cadet The Principal Secr e tary in addressing the ga thering said he had been endeavouring to get ambulance work included in the curricula of schools, and suggested that every school should have a first aid cabinet. If the subject could not be placed on he thought it might be taught under the subject of physlOlogy or some other subject.

The Chairman unveiled a photograph of the late Mr. Richard Davies, a pioneer of ambulance work locally, who had been a member of the Pontypool Brigade for thirty year s.

}OIr. R. II. Nicholls (Superintendent of the Line of the Grelt Western Railway Co.) presented ambulance efficiency awa rds to the successful of the Severn Tunnel Ambulance Class on November 23rd at a Smoking Concert hel d at the Rogiet Hotel, Severn Tunnel Junction. Col. E e. Curre presided and was supported by Sir Herbert Lf-wis, K.B. E , (Pnncipal Secretary of the Priory), Major Reynol ds, Mr. C. Cox (Assistant Superintendent), Mr. A. Blackall , Mr. E. G Ireland, (Locomotive Superintendent), Dr. R G. Strong, the Rev. S. M. Davies, M. F. Ball and Mr. Capron. Sir Herbert Lewis, replying to the toast of the" Ambulance and Safety First Movement," proposed by Mr. Ireland supported by Mr. Cox, spoke of the great work the men were doing on the railways and the assistance they received from the Officials. The Great Western Railway had more am bulance men than any other Company in the Kingdom , and he suggested that the knowledge of this inspired the publJc with confidence. An excellent mUSical programme was provided, and a very happy evening spent.

ClTY OF CARDIFF CENTRE.

The Lord Mayor of Cardiff (Alderman Sidney Ten kins), invited the officers and members of the St. John Am bulance Brigade in the City of Cardiff Centre to accomp any him to Divine Service at St. John Parish Ch urch on Sunday, November 11th. The Cardiff City and Cardiff Emergency Ambulance Divisions, the Cardiff Eme rgency Nursing Division and the Cardiff Nursing Division wert represented, and the Deputy Lady Superintendent for Wales, Lady (Herbert) Lewis, 0 B.E., supported by Lady Staff Officer Miss M. Metcalf, R R.e., commanded the nursing section, Captain T. E. Richards representing the Commissioner for Wales, assisted by Staff Officer Bernard E. Maberly, took cbarge of the whole parade.

On Saturday, November 24th, Staff Officer Bernard E. Maberly was called upon to render First Aid in connection with a motor cycle accident. A woman and baby travelling in the side car were thrown out and badly injured, and Mr. Maberly's prompt and efficient services before the treatment of a doctor was received, were greatly appreciated.

The following letter of appreciation which has been received by the Principal Secretary, illustrates to Theatre and Cinema Proprietors, as well as to the general public the value of ambulance men and nurses being on duty in entertainment houses.

DEAR SIR,I should be greatly: obliged if you could favour me

AI D.- 135

with the name and address of the member of your Corps who so kindly came to my assistance in the Car.diff Empire on the evening of N ovem ber 20th, as I am anxIous to send him a note of my personal thanks.

For thirty-five minutes he attended me all .the skill of a doctor, and it is, due to hiS palOstaking efforts that I am on the high road to recovery today. cannot speak too highly of his kindness and courtesy, both to my wife and myself. . .

Such a man is a credit to your wonderful OrgaOisatlOn, which also made it possible for me to be brought to so that 1 might be put under the care of my own medical man.

Will you convey my heartfelt thanks to all concerned?

Yours, very truly, E. F. TYLER.

The services referred to were by Private A. Barraby of the Cardiff Emergency DivislOn.

News in Brief.

Dr. Urban Marks, Commissioner for Swansea, has given a donation to the Priory of £12 lOS. a portion of the amount received from the Bath and West of England Show in payment of expenses incurred in supplying the necessary ambulance personnel and equipment during the period of the Show at SwaLlsea in May last.

Mrs. Cope of Nash Manor, Cow bridge, bas very kindly given seven pairs of hand-knitted socks to the Priory for distribution to needy ex·service men.

The scheme for providing free motor am bulance transport in case of accident or sickness for Cardiff citizens is progressing very satisfactorily. A large number of householders have already become subscribers and it is thought the scheme will prove to be a great blessing to the City of Cardiff. To give everyone an opportunity of availing themselves of the benefits offered, arrangements have been made for the scheme to be broadcasted some time during February.

Ambulance Arrangements at British Empire Exhibition.

THE above Exhibition, the buildings of which are now nearing completion at Wembly, will, it is expected, be open from 10 a.m., till p.m. daily from loth April next. It will cover a tremendous area, and probably will be by far the largest exhibition ever held in the country. The Stadium, accommodating 12 5,000 spectators, where the Football Cup Final will be played and other important athletic meetings held, is situated within its Grounds. The exhibits of the British Dominions, Colonies, and Dependencies, will be on a large scale, the Industrial Hall, alongside the most wonderful assembly of machinery the world has ever seen, Sections devoted to Art, Music, Fisheries, Mining, Agriculture, and many other subjects, will be fully rt:p-esentative of the vast resources and scientific attainments of the Empire.

Many accounts of the wonderful sights being organised at Wembly are now being given in the Press. It is therefore thought that some information concerning the proposals for dealing with any cases of sudden illness or accident that

-FIRST

may occur amongst the large number of visitors who will be attracted daily to tbe exhibition, may be of special interest to readers of " FIRST Am."

A First Aid Sub-Committee, representing the Exhibition Authorities, the Order of St. John, and the British Red Cross Society, is now consid e ring proposals for the provision of an Ambulance Service at the Exhibition.

The Order and Society have consented to undertake the duty in equal proportions.

A centre Ambulance Station with separate rest rooms for men and women, each containing six beds, and also two beds for special cases, specially equipped with first aid dressing rooms, and full accommodation for the staff will be available.

Two smaller Ambulance Stations, each with separate and fully equipped First Aid Dressing rooms for men and women, and a room for the staff, will also be provided.

Specially fitted First Aid Cabinets will be placed in various parts of the exhibition. The two smaller Am bulance Stations and all First Aid Cabinets, will be in telephonic communication with the Central Am bulance Station

Two motor ambulances will be in attendance all day at the Central Station, for the transference of serious cases to the Willesden General Hospital, where arrangements are being made for beds to be available for them. The disposal of patients after treatment to th ei r homes or to the railway station, mly also be undertaken, on request, by tbese ambulances.

With the exception of a small permanent staff at the Hospital, the personnel will be voluntary, and will be provided by the Ord e r and Society on alternate months.

It has been agreed that the St. John Ambulance Brigade will entirely take over control of the duty and a rrange for th e voluntary staff during the months of April, June, August, and part of October., and the British Red Cross Society, in May, July, September and part of October.

To provide the Staff considered necessary, arrangements will be made for the daily attendance of over seventy of all ranks, including Nursing Sisters. On special occasions such as a Cup Final, this number will be considerably increased.

The St. John Am bulance Brigade, will undertake and control the duty through the periods allocated to the Order of St. John In order that the Brigade may be fully rep resented, assistance from all Districts and the Priory for Wales will be invited by Brigade Head Quarters.

The Sub-Committee aims at providin g a thoroughly efficient and adequate Ambulance Service, for th e exhibition. Fully equipped buildings for Ambulanc e purposes are being arranged for.

Both the St. John Am bulance Brigade, and the British Red Cross Society. will shortly be calling for volunt eers from among their members for the duty, and with their full co-operation the success of this great voluntary effort for the benefit of the visitors who will flock to the exhibition irom all parts of the Empire, is assured.

Particulars of Underground Ambulance Carriage Invented by Corps Officer

Samuel Jones.

AN Underground Ambulance Carriage has been invented by Corps Officer Samu e l Jones of the Dowlais Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade of the Priory for Wales, and has been working satisfactorily for the last two years at the South Tunnel Pit of Messrs Guest, Keen & Nettlefold. Th e carriage is designed on similar lines as the coal train with a covering to protect the patient. It can be run along the underground main roads to the pit surface to bring up the patient and can be operated by horse power. This carriag e should prove a very great blessing to Colliery Workers as the present method of carrying men upon the stretcher, perhaps for a mile or more, often results in serious consequ e nces to the patient, as even with most cardul handling he is bound to be badly shaken. Time also is often a great factor and by means of this carriage it is possible to move an accident immediately and in at least quarter of the t ime of the ordinary carrying.

Full particulars Cln be obtained from Priory Hous e, 4. Cathedral Road, Cardiff

Our Essay Competition (No. I).

USES UJ,( HRKLLA "FIR ST Aw "

ESSAY sent in byELSIE M M. BI GG S, 2 sa , Paradise Street, Birmingham.

It is interesting to note the different uses to which th e First-Aider may put the um breJla in the course of th e work. I propose to deal with the subj e ct under the "Principles of First Aid" which are given in the First Chapter of our Textbook, and are so well Known that it is only necessary to refer to them by number.

PRINCIPLE. I.

Fasten a line to a closed umbrella b efo re throwing to anyone struggling in water. The line carries better and the aim is sure. Employ the same method for rescue over cliff or pit side.

In case of ice accident, the First-Aider, lying flat on ic e. may push umbrella towards person immersed, to grasp, for holding to draw patient to land-hooked handles are best. An open umbrella would keep man afloat for some time.

PRlNCIPLE 2.

When rescuing from poisonous gases use umbrella to break glass of door or window.

-FIRST

previous band age s; cover, stra p or cord ligatures for arresting hremorrhage, [or z'?zdirect pressure only, never on ope n wound ; elastic and button for digital }- remorrhage in same way.

Th e cover , detached, soaked in cold water, can be used for applying cold to bridg e of nose and back of neck in nasal hremorrage. Again, it may be used for applying hot or cold water in cas es of internal hremoorbage, fracture d patella, and elbow joint, sprains or strains.

PRINCIPLE 4.

Use ribs and stick as foundation of hud pad beneath in Silvester's Artifici.il Respiration, and the elastic and button keeping tongue in position. Rapid opening and closing of urn br e lla will creat e currents of air. Part of handle or frame in handkerchief, placed in mouth of epilepti c pati e nt will prev nt tongue injury. Use cover fanning as triangular bandage.

PRINCIPLE 5.

An umbrella, opened, forms support for head and

AI D.

P RINC1PLES 7 AND 8.

Cover, strap, tassel cord and elastic are all good ligatures for poisoned wounds: the ash from burnt stick, may serve as antiseptic dressing: a small piece of the wood properly prepared, may be used for applying caustic, and a poisoned wound may be cauterised by spring or rib heated for this purpose.

To extract stings press small hole in rib (w here (u e is attached) over sting as instructed for using key.

PRINCIPU: 9.

An umbrella is a support for a walking patient. It can be used in forming stretcher, being rolled in coat (for fractured spine or pel vis) rugs, blankets, sacks, or as attach for triangular bandages.

An open umbrella shelters from rain, wind, snow, sun or dust.

PRINCIPLE 10.

Open umbrella ensures privacy for patient during treatment.

Dowlais Underground Ambulance Carriage, patented by S. Jones.

shoulders in apoplexy, compression, heal stroke, etc. ; with fractured p ltella, for upper or lower extremity; for lower limb in hremorrhage unaccompanied by fracture; and for crushed foot.

To rtt'l.in elevatic n of bandaged limbs in extreme collapse, fix closed umbrella uPrJ gh t in ground, and sling limbs in loops of cover.

Mr. T. H. W. Chambers has retired from the chairmanship of the North Riding Centre of the S.J.A.A. which he has held since 1915, previous to this he had been a member of the Cmtre Committee since 1908.

The "DECORATORS' & PAINTERS' MAGAZiNE " (IS. monthly) is THE trade paper for all interested.PUbli05hing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C.,..

Destroy or incapacitate snakes, insects or rabid animals with umbrella. Take necessary precautions, remove sufferer from contact with e lectric current. Silk cover, if dry , acts as insulator for First-Aider.

PRINCIPLE 3.

Use handle, portion of stick or frame as tourniquet twister. Use ferrule or tassel -wood and pad in knot for laying on radial and ulnar pressure points. Use wood of appropriate shape over plugging in tooth sockets. Cover

The urn brella makes good, though narrow, splints, either whole or in:parts; the cover and tassels may be used as splint-padding, c o rd or strap, or splint-straps; the cover can be used arm-slings and bandages, and the springs as safety pins.

PRlNCI P LE 6.

Cov er patient with cover; wood and cover can be burned to provide warmth.

Cover would help to x clude air from bUJ n.

PRINCIPLE I r.

The. cover is usable for sprinkling hot or cold water: for cold to head or spine as in apoplexy, compreSSIOn, &c., for friction, for flicking face and chest, for. slappmg soles of feet in opium poisoning: and wrapplDg hot-water bottles or supplying warmth to heart, pit of stomach or fee t.

PRINCIPLE 12.

.T?e whole or may. be employed for signalling, so proVIdIng commuDlcatIOn WIth doctor or ambulance.

A hollowed handle fitted with tube containing First Aid requisites would be valuable and of use to doctor when he comes. .Als.o, in c.ases of building collapse or train smash commuDlca.tIOn mIght be made with p fo ple imprisoned under debns by means of an umbrella with line attached a.nd and equipment could be lowered over cliff or pit: SIde In open umbrella.

-FIRST fetters to the

We are ;11 110 way restp..sible tor ofJi1litJns expressed, or the stateme1lt! marie, b, COr? espondmts. -EDITOR.

AUSTRALIAN RAILWAY COMPETlTION.

DEAR SIR,-

Having just read your May issue of FIRST AID, I thought a few words in connection with the South Australian Railways Ambulance Competition might be of interest to you.

Under separate cover I have forwarded a photograph of the present holders of the Challenge Shield, also pictures of that team at work in the improvised test in connection with the above shield; my object being, if you cared, to publish same, that they might be of interest to your home and Australian Readers, as their record has been rather a fine one, which is as follows :-

19 17, won Challenge Shield (for team work ) Winners of improvised stretcher (5 medals).

19 18 , Second pri ze in Challenge Shield (team work).

1919, Third prize in Challenge Shield. Individual Championship won by W. R. Saville, (member of team ) Winners of improvised stretcher (second time).

1920, won Challenge Shield (second time). Individual Championsh i p won by R. MacLachlan ( member of team ). Team represented South Austral ian Railways in Inter-state Railways Competition, and was placed third in this event.

1921, no Competition held in this State.

19 22 won Challenge Sh ield (third time ). Improvised stretcher ( third time ) Individual Championship won by R. J. Bowden (member of team ) Dux Championship won by R MacLachlan. Team represented South Australian Railways a second time and was placed second on this o c casion.

The South Australian Railway Competit ions are in the very capable hand s of Mr. R. V. Bulman, Ambulance Officer, who is also Acting Assistant Commissioner of the St John s Ambulance Brigade (South Australian District ) This Officer goe5 to much trouble in getting the various teams up to the required standard prior to the Annual Competitions held i n October of each year.

The Competitions are run as follows :-

Preliminaries are held throughout the State, in team and individual work, to eliminate the weakest competitors.

The Finals are held in the Capital ofthe State, i.e., Adelaide, where on the first day of the Competitions the finals of the Individu a l i s held The winner of this is allowed to compete in the Dux event in the evening. All of whom have already won the Individual Championship. The Junior teams final is also held in the evening. The teams placed first, second, and th i rd, are allowed to compete in the Challenge Shield Championship, held the next day.

Secon d day.-A special train leaves Adelaide at 8 a.m. en ronte to a suitable forest (or scrub ) some fourteen miles out. The first test takes the form of an oral test, each team going into the saloon where each member of the team, separately, is put through the test

The second test is what is called the improvised test. The patient is taken into a dense scurb where the adjud icators mark the supposed injur es. The team of four men then go to the patient, and render the necessary first aid, being allowed only the wearing apparel they have on. They also have to make a stretcher out of branches and leaves of trees, and belts, and boot laces, and entw ined with thin limbs of trees and branches, and on being put to the test has held a sixteen ( 16) stone man without sagging.

The third test is to load the patient into a Hospital Car, and get the necessary instruments and material ready for the Doctor to treat the injuries the patient is suffering from.

Thd fourth test is stretcher drill.

The fifth test is one with supplied material from the Railways Ambulance Chest, carried III each brakevan of the trains.

The Teams, Adjudicators, Officers, and Visitors, then embark for Adelaide, where} in the General Waiting Room, the Chief Commissioner presents the prizes to the successful competitors.

AI D.- December , [923

The Adjudicators in these competitions, Doctors, S. L. Dawkins, F. Hone, A. Cudmore, G. Gunson, have a very strenuous time in judging, as the teams and individuals take such a keen interest in the Competitions that only a few po int s separate them in the prize lists.

I have also enclosed copies of some of the tests, wh ic h, if you care to print may be of interest to your Home Rea d ers giving them an idea of how the competitions are conducted in South Australia.

I have already ordered for the ensuing year, FIR ST AI D which without a doubt is very interesting, and has been a g re a t help to our team in connection with our competition.

I hope at future dates to send along little items of First Aid news to you

FIR ST AID e ve ry success , I am, De a r S ir Yours etc.

S outh Austral ian Reader

ESSAY CO M PETITIO N.

DEAR SIR.,

For the benefit of candidates in any future c ompet:t lon conducted by FIR ST AlD, would it not be well to adopt a t itle free from ambiguity ?

In connection with the recent competit on , some of us went to considerable pains to construct a g r a mm atic al and readable" essay " only to find to our surpri se th a the pr iz e was awarded for a mere list and not an " essay " !

I do not dispute e ither the fa irnes s of the ju d g es or of yourself. Indeed the c ompet i tion was c ondu c ted with adm irable fairness all round; but one would be gl a d to be as s u red that any future compet i tion will be so des c r ibed th a t p ros pe ctive cand idates will have no doubt a s to what e xac tly is requ ired.-Yours fa i thfull y, F.1.0.

[In view of the fa c ts ( r ) that the dic t ion a ry a e fin e s an "essay " as "a tr ial; a n ex perImen t; a written compositioll less elabora te tlzan a tna t ise," and (2 ) tha t the Priz e was set out i n essay form and was not a " me re lIs t" s u c h as was used by thejudges in sett in g out the ir" So l u tio n o f Q ue s l io 05 ?" we cons ider that our correspondent has not e s t a bl ished his complaint.-EDITOR. ]

December, 1923 -FIRST AID.-

from a wound in his left forearm in a bath at certain Public B aths. No weapon of any kind was found in the cubicle at the Baths; but the police subsequently found a ra zor and a quant ity of blood in a bowl in the patienfs rooms some distance away.

The discovery of a blood -stained handkerchief which looked as if. it had been used as a gave support to t he conclUSIOn that the man cut hIS forearm with the razor in hi s own bedroom at home, bandaged up the wound, and then •j ourneyed to the Baths three miles away to die.-M. B., Cam bri dge.

" Keep Smiling. "

W ITH the dawn of the New Year at hand, most of us m ake resolutions, many of which are unfortunately never ke pt.

A resolution quite easy to keep if persisted in, and fr om which our fellow colleagues would benefit, is "I will be happy and radiate a feeling of good cheer wherever I go " Look on the bright side of everything-your opportu nity is great e r than some. Don't look for grumbles, t urn them round and think wor s e might have happened, If you have during the last few years, through your glum co untenance, not been sought for or made any acquaintan ces, change your e xpre ssion, turn the ends of your mouth up instead of down Give p eo ple the impression when the y see your face b ee ming with cheerfulness, even if it is an icy cold morning, and the bed is so warm-" here's a fi ne fellow, as good as a tonic this weather " When you go t o your Divisional Headquarters, don't enter without a wo rd, so that others are nervous of talking to you in case

they are a.nswered with a growl or a grumble about som e inoffensive thing. Take and give a joke in the spirit i n which it is meant. Stride up to the door , walk in briskly, with a smile and a happy greeting, so that every h e ad turns in your direction, and a warm feeling of is circulated. Happiness is catching, it is highly infectious. Try it and you will be surprised.

If good fellowship attended by cheerfulness is fostered, the day will not be long distant when the Brigade will require a " Dunmow Flitch " for the happiest Divis ion. The majority of persons have at some tim e or another had cause to visit the dentist: Did not the severe look on his face frighten you, or was it by chance the cheerful rlentist who told you a joke with a happy face directly you entered the room, did you not think "this isn't so bad, in fact it is quite ordinary, " and then wh e n you got home with no evidence of tears, how you glorified in telling other persons next door, and a fe w doors down, II It didn}t hurt a bit, I am going again ! "

Try this when you are attending a case. Attract the patient's attention away from the paio, and let him feel how kind and sympathetic you are. Such an impression is bound to reflect both to the credit of yours e lf and the organisation to which you belong.

This attitude would doubtlEsS be a great help in recruiting for the Brigade. The outsider will feel-here is something fine, I would like to be one of this happy family.

It costs nothing to f;mile, and it will be surprising how many people will glad to own you as a friend. What an asset to a gathering; things won't go flat if Mr. Cheerful is there.

It is not easy at first to keep this spirit going, but

Restores • In and preserves fatigue health

The Editor invites Notes on actua l Cases-w ith specia& rejermce to good and bad iJoints in 7 reatment-for inclu sion i n t hi s Co l u m n.

DELAYE D S YMPTO l\I S WIT H K Nft;l£ I NJU RY.

A girl strollmg down the high street of a Prov in ci al To wn heard a " click Jl and was immediately consciou s of a sharp pain in her left knee. She cont inued her stroll, but next d ay she experienced considerable pain on movin g her le g , the knee of which was swollen and caused her to seek medic a l advice.

An X-ray exam ination demonstr a ted a p ie c e of lead pen ci l embedded in the beh ind the knee jomt ; and it was surmised that the pencil must have been fired from an air -gun. The pencil was removed by operation, and the patient made a good recovery. - M.R., Cannon-street.

DELAYED SYMPTO MS WITH FRACTURED B ASE .

A middle aged roan, being knocked down by a motorcycle, reported for treatment at the neighbour ing hospital which he left without it having been discovered that he had a fractured base of skull and four broken ribs. Upon leaving the hospital, he walked unattended some two miles, had a good square meal, went home by tram car, and next morning was tound dead in bed, having succumbed to coma consequent on Compression of Brain due to fractured base of skull.-L.R., Charlton Park.

DELA YRD SYMPTOMS WITH H lE MORRHAGE.

A middle-aged man was found unconscious and bleeding

Members of the 5t John Ambulance Brigade and all those who engage in First Aid work realise that there is nothing to equal a cup of delicious II Ovaltine" for restoring and preventing fatigue.

It is invaluable when long hours have to be worked under unfavourable weather conditions Containing the recuperative and restorative elements of ripe / barley malt, creamy milk, fresh eggs and cocoa, one cup of " Ovaltine" suppl ies more nourishment than 12 cups of bee f extract, 3 eggs or 7 cups of cocoa

Taken regularly Ovaltine " gives and maintains health ana strength. It should be the daily beverage for everyone in place of tea, coffee and other beverages which are merely stimulants

OVALTlENE l8N1C... rOOD Bf,VERAGE Buitds-up Brain, ne,.,,,,e and Bod!f

Scld hy Chemists anti Stores at I 6, .a /6 atld 1-16

It is I conolll£cal to iJur,hase the lar-g er s£ud tin s

A. WANDER, Ltd., 45, Coweross St London, E.C.I.

-FIRST

practice makes periect, and good deeds grow into good habits very quickly.

Try it, and judge for yourself. The world will feel a better place.

Smile, and the world smiles with you!

and J\nswet's to eot't'es pondents.

-2ueries flJiII be dealt flJitk under tke foiiofIJing rules :-

T.-Letters containin!, Queries must be marked on the top ieft hana corner of the envelope "Quer,," and addrused-FIRsT AID, 46 , Cannon-street, LondlJn, E.C.4.

Queries must be accompanied b, a " Quer, Coupon" cut frotl' the current issue of the /ournal, or in case of Queries from abroar from a recent issue.

?-The Textbook, to which reference ma, be made in these columns is the 36th (I920) Edition oj S.f.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

KINDS OF INSENSIBILITY.

R.C. (Yorks ) :-At a recent class I was asked, "How many kinds of insensibility are there?" replied, "Sleep, stupor, coma ." To my surpr ise I was then told that there were ten kinds, and that I must find them out!! Please enlighten my ignorance.

Of course, yo ur answer was correct. Apparently your catechist muddled "kinds " with "causes," of which the common varieties roughly approximate to ten iu number. See Aids to .First Aid ( p. 19).-N CORHET FLETCHER.

E Xr\:\IINATION HOWLER.

B.B. ( Hounslow ) :- In a recent examination a candidate was asked to detail the "functions of the sym pathetic nerves." His reply was as prompt as it was inaccurate, because he said, " The s),lIlpatlzetic nerves are tho se which act wIzen you tread on a pm ! "

Good ! Next, p iease! !-N.C.F.

TRE ATMENT OF RAT BiTE.

J. P. (Mi lton Regis) :-A man, while in a sitting pOSItIOn, was attacked by a rat which fixed its teeth into the tip of his thumb and was shaken off with considerable difficulty. One of our members washed the wound with methylated spir i t, dressed it with iodine, clean dry dressing, &c., and remov ed the patient to doctor who approved the treatment administered. I send you this note as the case is an unusual one, and ask if you have any comments?

The only comment I can offer is that I hope the patient killed the rat !-N.C.F.

IN JURIES TO EYE.

H. G. (Chester).-I often have to deal with cases in which drops of caustic potash and dilute sulphuric acid are splashed into the eye. Please tell me what is the best First-Aid treatment ?

Your query is answered in the Home Office Factory Regulations, which figure as a Preface to the Textbook. On p.6 thereof I read that, with Injuries to Eye caused by splashes of acids or caust ics, " the eye must be thoroughly washed out with sterilised water, after which some drops of NO.2 solution should be dropped into it." Th is is an alkalin e solution prepared with bicarbonate of soda.

An alternative method - which is based on instructions of Textbook (p. 117, par. 5 and p. II3, pars 5 and 6)-would justify washing out eye first with warm sterile water, then with weak boracic 01 bicarbonate of soda lotion (for caustic alkali or acid burn ), then dressing eye with drop of oil and finally applying bandage over soft pad of cotton wool.-N.C. F.

AID. - December, 1923.

KNOT S OF

R. C. (Yor k ).-The Textbook teaches us, v.hen applying the small and the large arm-slings, to tie off our knots on the injured side. Why should we not tie off on uninjured side ? Is any advantage gained by tying off on the injured side? Please advise.

It is claimed that the tension (that is, "the pull "; on the neck muscles is greater at the knot if the limb is hanging free than it is if the limb is flexed and supported, and that consequently some unne c essary discomfort may accrue to patient. For these reasons, the knots of large and small arm-slings are placed" on injured side." Further, this plan secures uniformity and serves to keep all the patient's troubles (great and small) on the same side. - N.C. F.

TR E. \DI ll.NT OF DISLOC.\TlW ELDO\\'.

R. C. (Yorks).-At a recent practice one of us had to treat a patient who was supposed to have dIslocated his elbow out of doors. He placed injured limb in large arm-sling after applying cold to the jomt, and then remo yed to doctor's house. The instructor said that he should have treated the injured limb by supporting elbow in right-angled splint.

As the Textbook says about uSing splints for dislocations, and as splints may cause discomfort to patient when the bandages are tightened, do you conSIder their use justified?

I offer you a third method of treatment, because I should prefer to place limb in large arm-sl ing-" to sllpport lim/l," and then to apply a broad bandage round body (as IS done with Fracture of Clavicle )-wJth "the oi:ject 0/ /csstJlim; cl/i:cts 0/ j otting dllrz'ng transpor " (T extb cok, p. 69). tn other words the use of splmts is /lot contraindicat ed with a dislocated joint, thou gh, of they not be heavy; and all three methods n amed aJ e available, the one to be adopted being that which" ,E;ives mosl case 10 patitllt" whose feelings control the situation in any gIven emergency. N.C.F.

We regret to say that w stat ed in error in our last issue that the Home Nursing Class to be held at J oh o's Gate started on January nnd, this should be January 2nd.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In "PRESCRIPTION READINC" and U ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should lake up the above Courses at once.

A member Ot S.J.A.B. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T.B.)

Special terms now-balf fees-to members of S.J.A.B., &c. Apply (stamp) to MR. J. E. WALDEN, Sec., Westminster College (Lady Dispenser Section of the Westminster CoJlege of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 1874)

WHAT

If badly burned? (5S9)

For croup? (500)

If badly aided? (599)

If overcome by noxious vapours? (560)

If clothe: caught fire? (363)

F0r a. pers n J struck by lightning? (5 63)

If a pt!rSln \\erc apparently drowned? (5 60

If poisoned by arsenic. opium or morphine? (5 65)

If exposed to smallpox? (16o)

In case of sunstroke? ( 20 4)

If stabbed or hot? (507 and 599)

In case of rupture of blood vein? (65 8)

In of heart disease? (306)

]f a person surldenl) became itlsane? (222 )

In the C:lse of", g-unshot wound? (5q9)

In case of hiccoughs? (226)

In case of heartburn? (341)

In case of pleurisy ur pneumonia? (292 and 296)

In case of hives? (164)

In case of hydrophobia? (208)

In case of IDflammation of the bo," e)s ? (347)

In case of consumption? (259 and 270)

In case of typhoid fever? (299)

In case of measles? ( 156)

In ca<e of neuralgia? (216)

In case of rainter's colic? (355)

In case of inflammation of the eyes? (643)

In case of cramps in the stomach? (342)

fn case of asthma? (301)

In case of abscess? (,80)

In case of ;tn injury to the knee cap? (6 12 and 62 3) For rheu mat ism or gout? (525 and 527)

In case of hremorrhage? (593)

A Few of the Subjects Treated. ACCIDCNTS AND HOW TO TREAT THEM.

Physical Culture and Heal h EXlfcise.

"Vhat to do in En ergencies.

lIow to ],cep Well. Symptoms ot Di cas e.

The Di'eases of \Y omen. The Care of Infancy.

T he of Children.

Sick Xursing fron .cA" lO "I.."

The Urinal), System. Principles of An atom y.

Princ ip les of Ilygiene.

Principles of Pharmacy

Herb Root and Sal e Remedies.

The Nervous System. Beaut)' Hints.

N ourishing Values of Foods.

T emperaments and C,mstit utions.

Nerve and Brain

ll omcepathic Treatm ent.

II ow would you prevent typhoid fever? (51b)

THIS IS THE CUIDE YOU NFED.

The 500 Illustrations and full-page Plates, and the .\nato:nical showing the of the 'Human Body exactly as t hey overlay otber, make the reading matter easily and whe re ne cessa ry t he), show) ou how to do it.

The young \Vire will find just that informat on sh! requires wh o \\i;h their to de\'elop naturall) will find exacth" the teaLhing they need Wom en o'·er +0 will find the ir difficulties regarding hodth frankly discussed.

are hundreds of subjects .of "alue to all. The muscles Iteth, diges tion, hair, feod ,·alues, Ju How to dIagnose from of head, f.lce, ne ck, ton6ue, throat , ches t , perSpIratIOn, etc. etc.

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'Yadil' Antiseptic First Aid.

Use

Dressings, GERMOLENE.

GERMOLENE has established it supremacy in first aid work in every part of the world. I t IS unequalled for very obvious reasons ;-

1. As a germicide is Septic complications are ImpOSSIble where It IS used. It cleanses wounds of every particle of foreign matter. The bacll!J of poison shrivel and die when it is applied.

2. GERMOLENE soothes immediately. There is none of the tingl ing smarting, or pain which is associated with bactericidal agents so often used in the past. The action of GERi\10.LENE .is so rapid that the quick cessatIon of pam IDvanably astonishes the user.

3. GERMOLENE heals completely and safely. New tissue is built up in a healthy, natural manner. Inflammation and festering stop becau s e the cause is expelled

GERMOLENE should be kept ready for use by all ambulance workers; it should certainly have a permanent place in every factory first-aid chest and in every borne for immediate application in cases of cuts, wounds, scratches scalds and burns. I t is just as useful for every kind ot ;km complaint, and it is the doyen of all skin preparations for use in children's ailments.

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-yAD I L' Antiseptic at last makes it possible to first aid not only In accidents bu t also dz'sease. render

When used in the treatment of wounds, cuts, bruises, 'Yadil' makes blood poisoning impossible. I t ensures prompt healing. A second dressing IS seldom required.

Should there be a rIse In tern perature, 'Y adil' may be (nven without the sligh test hesitation. This will check all fever at the ou tset.

, Yadil ' non-irritant. \vith absolute

Antiseptic I t can be safety.

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Free booklet posted on request.

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FIRST AID, HOME NURSING,

By

A I D.- December, 1923.

MANU ALS OF FIRST-.bi D, &c.,

N. CORBBT

HOME

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EDITORIAL.

WITH the closing of th e y e ar I923, Sir The Resigna - James A Clark relinquished his comtion of Sir mand of the St. John Ambulanr.e James Andrew Brigade which he has held since the Clark year 19 1I. During this long period of office he has succ e ssfuly adminlsterfd and steered the Brigade through the most critical time of its hlstory. Some of the most important events have taken plac p during his time as Chief Commissioner and also reforms effe ct e d which have had a great deal to with its advanceme nt and p rogre ss.

borne in mind that 26 ,9 50 men and women were mobilised for whole time s e rvices it shows what a wonderful machin e had been created.

The Brigad e Hospital at Etapl e s made a reputation for which we can all truly be proud, and of which Sir James A. Clark was the inspiring factor. Other reforms effect e d during his p e riod of office, and especially during th e post period, h a ve placed the Brigade on a firm fo o ting. Amongst these the appointm en t of Assistant Commission er s to e lch county has facili tated the administration of the Brigade, and has resulted in bringing the chi e f officers more in touch with units. The inclusion of the South Eastern & Chatham Railway as a District within the Brigade, was the first-fruits of a sche m:! proposed to the Railway C e ntral Clearing House about 1912, for the inclusion of all Railway First Aid Organi za t i ons within the Brigade. It th e n did not receive a favourab le consid e ration. How e ver, the inclusion of the South Eastern '& Chatham Railway as a district has now prov e d a happy success, and it is hoped in the future that the whole o f the Southern Railway will be included under the same scheme.

In order to gain some idea of the upkeep of the Briga-:ie, an annual stat eme nt of income and e xpenditure was called for from all corps and divisions, and more thaD half the returns re collected last year, these showing an expenditure of over £5°,000. Also reforms in the n e w official positions created in the Brigade are likely to cause greater incentive for promotion.

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T EL E PH NE 281.

In the ea rly days of his appointm e nt (1912) the Royal Review at Windsor Park was held of which 13,109 mem bers of the Brigadp, (ro m the British Isles and Colonies, w e re on parade. The responsibility for the or ganisation of this great even t rest e d upon Sir James A. Clark, and it was carried through with compl e te success. During the War p e riod th e duties cast upon the late chief commissioner showed his wonderful organising abilities. When it is

In concluding we should like to say th a t w e have always received the gr e atest courtesy and help fr o m S i r Jam e s A. Clark in our endeavour to make this JOURNAL helpful and interesting to the members of the Brigade. We are sure we are voicing the opinion of tbem all in hoping that he may have many years of peaceful retirement and that his help and guidanc e will still b e available to us all.

The Directors of the United Nursing Services Club of 34, Cavendish Square, L'Jndon, W.1, are hospitality to nurses toming to this country from Overseas for the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley

Grand "dorB of the Order of the )(ospita\ of St. John of Jerusa\em in Sng\and. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

St. John J\mbu\anee Srigade.

Prince of Wales's District DISTRICT ORDERS.

COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL FEBRUARY, 1924.

February 3rd.-No. 85 Division, Ealing. " Ioth.-No. 86 " Horseferry Road. I7th.-No.87 " Shoreditch. 24 th .- No 88 " West Ham. " "

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8. p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

BRITISH EMPIRE EXHIBITION.

Officers and members in charge of ambulance. and nursing divisions are requested at once to take steps to obtaIn volunteers for this duty. .,

The exhibition will be open from 10 a.m. tIll I I p.m. dally (except Sundays).

The voluntary staff will att end in three relays, of fiv e hours duration, viz. :-10 a.m. till 3 p.m., 3 p.m. till 8 p.m., 6 p.m. till 11 p.m.

Fare up to 1,6 and 1/ - out .of pocket expenses will be paid daily to each member undertakIng the duty.

The periods of duty are as follo ws, on Saturdays, April 12th, 19th, and 26th (I f exhIbItIon IS open by this time ), May 3rd, June 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, July August 9th, 16th, 23rd, 30th, October I Ith, 18th, and 25th (If required ). All stores and equipment, except pouch fittIngs, WIll be provided at the exhibition.

Officers and members in charge of ambulance dIVISIons should notify the Public Duty Officer at St. John'.s Gate, on forms provided for the purpose, the of dutIes each C?f five hours duration that can be definItely undertaken by theIr divisions, and names can be The num ber of volunteers obtainable for the duty m AprIl should be forwarded to the possible date.

Nursing dIVISIons WIll report to the lady dIstrIct supt. on the forms whir::h will be provided.

Officers and other ranks are specially asked to arrange (if at all possible ) to undertake duty for several successive days, to ensure the brigade havin.g on duty each day who are acquainted with the exhIbitIon bUIldIngs.

I is hoped that all divisions will to assist with this most important duty.

COMPETITIOHS.

The following competitions will be held on May 3rd, commencing at 2 p.m.

Nursing Bowl, Sleath Gent .Cup, Perrott ShIeld, Osborn Shield, Efficiency Cup, Dewar ShIeld, Symons

All applications from ambulance and nursmg dIVISIOns for forms of entry, should be made to St. John's Gate, not later than April 19 th

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commt"sst"one".

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending news paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

AID.-

CENTRAL ARK \.- The recent arnngement of dividing the No. DistrIct into areas, has given Dist:ict O.fficers an opportunity of getting into closer touch WIth DIVISIons and bringing them together more than has pOSSIbly been for some years. The Central Area has made a very good begInnIng. The Officers of the area invited the whole of the members of Ambulance and NurSIng Divisions with their friends to a social on vVednesday, January 9th, at the Shoredltch Town Hall. Although the weather conditions were very unfavourable, there was a good attendance. Dancing at 7· r 5 p m., Officers nurses and men were soon whlrllDg round on a good floor to' music, render ed by the Banet Between the dances there was some delIghtful musIC. The songs rendered by Miss Ivy.Campbell and Miss Phyllis Welsford were very much appreCIated. Mr. Homsey very unwell, amused the company with his ar:d Mr. LIndsay, a member of the Brigade, who gave a amused the members present with hIS to varIOUS incidents that occurred at the Annual InspectIon last year. Captain L. H. R. Claydun, Officer in charge of the Central Area, addressed the gathering. He the Mayor and Mayor ess for their presen c e, f?r theIr and real interest they took in the Bngade, espeCIally In. the local Division. Captain Claydon thanked the ArtIsts for so very kindly coming and contrIbutIng so much to the enJ.oyment. He then took the opportunity of thanking all the of members for their support on whom so much depended \Vlthout the co-operation of wives and friends of members! It would be difficult for some to carryon the good work, whIch we all had so much at heart. I t so often means much saCrIfice by these friends, and he felt when they realised the go?d work which was being done, they would not grudge th e tIme the members gave, but would rather and a!'slst as far as they possibly could. Then an Illterval for refreshments which were very well carned out, and everybody was satisfied. Dancing was continued until I., 5. p.m., the evenIn g concluded with singing "God save the KIng," .by 'I Auld Lang Syne." Thus ended a very happy evenIng, whI ch seemed all too short, and everyone went h.o me feel ng had spent a most enjoyable evening, and hopmg that. the tIme not far offwhen they would have another opportunIty of meetlllg again under similar c ircumstances.

N.C.O.'s CLun.-A meeting will be held on February 7 th, 1924, at W. H. Smith & Sons Club, II, Lane, Strand, \V.C.2 at 7. 30 p.m. Mr. J. f-. Dan.e \\'111. gl.ve another lecture on "Poisonous Gases." '\\ e co rdIally I11vlte N .C.O.'s to join our and can be enrolled any meeting night, or can obtalll partIculars from H. J. Palmer, Hon. Sec. ) 70, Newington Green Road, N.1.

PRE. E?\TATlOi\ TO LADY DI S] RICT Or TICER, MlS, RID EouT .-Last month the officers and past and present members of No. 18 ( Whitehall ) ursing DIvision gave a tea at the Eccleston Guild House in honour of their late La?y Supt., Miss Ride.out., recently promoted to Lady DIstrIct Officer of No. DIstrICt.

After tea the Divisional Surgeon, III the name of the whole presented Miss Rideout with a eight-day folding-clock in crocodile together WIth a vellum-bound book, containing an illumInated address, and the names of all the donors.

The D ivisional Surgeon said he had pleasur.e III .belllg spokesman for the Division, and MIss RIdeout on he l great step forward. Miss had raIsed the Division nearly twelve years ago, startlllg WIth twelve members, of whom six were present that afternoon, .and she and th e Division were to be congratulated on the hIgh state of effiCIency to which she had brought it. Between 120 and 15 0 members had passed through her hands. Throughout the war it was a comparatively easy matter to have a large membership, and though the active list was not so .large now, it was more than three times as large as when It was first started. Many of the late members have as nurses and have obtained positions of great dIstInctIon 111 the nursing profession, but with all, the inspiration in the first

January, 19 2 4. -FIRST

instance, came the late Lady Superintendent. In making the presentation, the Divisional Surgeon said, « This is the subject- a very fine travell ing clock, you will all agree. What I want to say about it is this; a penny is a fine th ing, and is worth a penny; a two shilling piece is a nice thing, but not quit e worth two shillings. Now we come to the point: fl pound-note is worth at al.I, but it is a token. Now this clock represents somethIng, but It does not at all represent what we should like to pass on to ;\liss Rideout. This is merely a token of the goodwill of all the active members of the Division, and of quite a number of the members who have now resigned."

The junior member of the Division then presented Miss Rideout WIth a bouquet of flowers.

Miss Rideout replied, thanking all present for their beautiful gifts, and expressed her sorrow at leaving the Division, and went on to give a short history of it from its formation. Members had done good work during the war, three being awarded the A,RRC., and one the British Empire Medal for an act of great bravery during the air raids. The Division had always flourished, more or less, much more than less. She thanked the Divisional Surgeon for his continual work for the Division, and she congratulated the Division on their new Lady Superintendent.

The proceedings concluded with the singing of "For Auld Lang Syne" and " She's a Jolly Good Fellow. "

No. 3 District.

L l lCESTLR.-A most enjoyable and successful New Year's party was held by the Leicester Corps, at headquarters on January yd.

About 600 members and friends were present, including medIcal officers, and representatives of other bodies connected with the corps.

Part of the company present took part in a whist drive, whilst others enjoyed themselves in dancing.

The whole of the refreshments were provided by the mernbl"rs themselves, as previously, and the beautiful whist prizes were kindly given by the mefPbers of the Social Commi ttee.

Finally an iced and decorated birthday cake, suitably InSCrIbed, the gift of Private L. "'V Brewin, De Montfort Division, was carned round the hall with great ceremony, Divisional Surgeon Brittan Gill acting as ceremonial chief, formed a procession, and holdIng a huge snowball over the cak e bearers marched round the hall to the strains of the Grand march. The Corps Supt. then drew the ceremonial knife and handed it to Private Brewin who with musical honours cut the cak e into small portions which enabled everyone present to p1rtak e of a little.

Auld Lang Syne was heartily sung, and the National A nthem brought the splendid party reluctantly to a close, gIving evidence once more of the great success of the activities of the Social Committee.

The Leicester Corps own band, under the baton of Bandmaster C. D. HicklIng, very capably supplIed the music during the evening.

No. 5 District.

A general meeting of all Sergeants of NO.5 DistrIct WIll be held at the Flying Horse Hotel, Nottingham, on Saturday, February 2nd, 1924.

Programme·-5 30 p.m., Dinner at Flying Horse Hotel; 7. p.m ., General MeetIng; 7'45 pm., Smoking Concert. IncluSIve charge 4S. 6d. each. Uniform to be worn.

. 1\0 invitation is cordially extended to e\'ery Sergeant in the DIstrIct, and it is hoped that a good number will endeavour to be present.

Will those wishing to be present kindly let the (Hon. Secretary), Sergeant F. Fowler, 30, Langwith Road, Shirebrook, near Mansfield, know not later than January 26t h so that arrangements may be made with the caterers.

No. 10 District.

LOWESTOFT.- Dr. S. O. Eades, of Ipswich, County

AID.- J47

Commissioner for Suffolk, visited Lowestoft on Wednesday, December 19th, with his staff officers, Captain F. H. Gooderham ( District Sup er intendent), and Mr. A. H. W. Moffatt (Corps Officer ) to inspect the Lowestoft Division of the Brigade in Christ Church Parish Room, Whapload Road. The Division was in charge of Ambulance Officer, E. Taylor, who had supporting him Sergeant \ rolyk. Arter receiving the general salute, the Commissioner proceeded to a close inspection of all ranks. This was followed by company format ions, stretcher·drill and hand-seat drill. An inspection of the records showed the Division to be in a very flourishing condition, possessing, as it does, a motor ambulance, loaned by the Joint War Board, 13 stretchers, and 3 hand litters, whilst almost every member is equipped with a complete surgical haversac. I ts members have attended something like 267 cases in the district during the year, which shows an excess of over 30 cases as compared with the previous year. The motor ambulance has travelled nearly 2,500 miles during the year, with extended trips to London, Norwich Ipswich, and many other places in the immediate vicinity.

At the conclusion of the inspection, the Commissioner and his staff officers highly complimented all ranks on the p.xcellency of the work inspected and wished tbem every success in their future endeavours. The County Commissioner, who motored from Ipswich, called on his way to Lowestoft at Woodbridge and Saxmundham, and there is every in the near future that ambulance units will be started in many small towns in East Suffolk.

IpSWICH .-The Annual Meeting of the Corps, which was first started in r8 9 3, was held at the Ambulance Station, Samuel Road, on Thursday evening , January 3rd. The chair was taken by the Corps Surgeon (Dr ",V. L. Hibbert), who was supported by Corps Supt. J. Pawsey, Corps Officer W. C. Smith (S ecretary ), F. E. Nethercoat (Storekeeper), A. H. W Moffat (Treasurer), and Divisional Officers.

The Report, presented by the 8ecretary, dealt interestedly with the events of the year, and showed that the Corps has supplied members for duty at tbe Suffolk Agricultural Show, and all sports, fetes, &c., in the town, also football matches on Portman Road ground, Gippeswyk Park, and Sidegate Lane ground.

The financial statement which was given by the Treasurer, although showing a better working balance in hand, as compared with last year, still lacks sufficient funds to put all the Corps in the necessary uniforms.

Naturally, by far the greatest expenditure is incurred in the maintenance of stores required by the members when attending sports and public functions. Dr. Hibbert presented silver pendants with gold centres to the members of Sergt. ]. Brett's team, of the Gippesyk Division, who were the winners of the Corps Challenge Cup this year.

The Secretary of the Recreation Committee (Private Hall ), presented the report of that committee for the year, whilst Lance Corporal Pepper spoke on behalf of the banel.

No. II (S.E. & C.R.) District.

Despite the date selected for their concert, being also Election Day, the Bricklayers' Arms Division staged a splendid concert at Peckham on December 6th, District Surgeon, J. Halliwell, represented the Commissioner. London Bridge Nursing Division had the honour of being inspected at Cannon Street Hotel on the 7th ult. Lady Perrott charmed all present by her kindly manner, and her address at the end of the evening gave much pleasure. MISS Phyllis Bruughton was an interested spectator.

The Victoria Hall, Ash, was the recent scene of an enterprising competition and concert. Squad No.2 were winners of the former. Later in the evening, 1\1r. E. l-;:nos-Cull, supported by Assist.·Comm issioner B. Humphrey, l\I.R.E., Dr. C. E. Pat erson, Divisional Supt., C. H. Pearson, presided at the presentation of prizes, which were distributed by Miss Vera Flood-Page.

At \Vokingham a successful gathering was held under the auspices of the Reading Division in the British School.

-F IRS T

Mr. Vaughan (L.&S.W. Section), was in the chair. Several members received long-service medals.

The Maidstone Division is making good headway under the Presidency of Lieut.-Col. C. Murdoch, D.S.O. Although the youngest of No. II Divisions, it bids fair to be a doughty champion of service and sacrifice in the region centreing on the Kentish metropolis.

As a result of the eliminating competitions, teams representing Ashford Station, Bricklayers' Arms, Chatham, Deal and \Valmer, Hastings, Maidstone, Redhill and Victoria Divisions will meet at Addiscombe on January 31st to decide the representative team for the 1924 Dewar and Symons Eccles' tests. London Bridge Nursing Division will compete for the Perrott trophy.

Our Essay Competition (No. I).

USES OF UMBRELLA IN "FIR ST AID ."

ESSAY sent in byW. WILLIAMS, 5 Shelly St., Bootie.

You ask me to what uses I am put whm assisting in First Aid, well I am put to many uses. Perhaps the most common is to assist and support my master or mistress when they sprain their ankles. Again, if tightly rolled up, I cao serve as splint for cases of fractured femur, tibia, and tibula. I can also be used as a means of shelter from the sun's rays, rain, snow, wind, and inclement w{ at her, as a basin to collect rain or water and to hold same. My cloth can also be used for bandage purposes, and if carefully cut down the s eams my cloth falls into ei ght trianglllar bandages and can be used as same for fractured clavicle, scapula and bl ee ding from palmar arches for holding dressings in position j for injury to scalp, shoulder, hip, thigh, hand, foot, front and back of chest, knee, elbow, fingers, and when these injuries require a large arm sling. Folded tw ice I am a broad bandage and can be used fur all injuries of trunk and round parts of body, arms or legs j as a small arm sling as bandage for fractured jaw, broken thigh or broken leg. Folded four times, I am a narrow bandage and may be m e d for such injuries as fractures of patella, arm, or forearm. Folded three times I am a medium bandage and can be used for fractures of thigh or leg and where it is better suited to the damaged part of a patient.

I can also be used for fastening two splints together, for making the angular splint in cases involving el bow joint; as an improvised torniquet ; as a coven'ng for dressing of burns, and scalds as a means of flexing the limbs at knee or elbow joint in cases of arterial bleeding and in cases of protruding organs or other intestines.

I can also be used as a fan to assist a person during insensibility in cases of fractured ribs (not complicated) ; in cases of crushed foot or hand j as a means of strengthening a stretcher in such cases as fractured spine or pelvis; as an eye bandage to exclude the light as a means of bandaging a person in a state of collaps e, as an ice bag for cold fomentations.

Torn in pieces I could be used as a Hgature to prevent the venous blood from carrying poison to the heart, and as a bandage for holding a torniquet twister safe from moving. Also as a ri,ftg pad I can be used. But I would not advise any person to use me as a means of removing an unfortunat e person from contact with a live rail or wire as my

AI D.- January, 1924.

ribs are made of iron and my stick is usually (nly a metal tu be. If used thus, I would do more harm than I would be doing good.

Even so, I think I have proven that I may prove useful to my master, my mistress cr their frit nds when they mf et with accidents and have no orthodox appuatus with which their injuries may be treated.

The Oldest Ambulance Worker on the Great Western Railway.

IN cc.mmemoration of 40 years' service in the ambulance cause, Mr. George Brown, of Stourbridgf', wa') made the recipient, on b{ half of his colleagues, of a gold watch , accompanied by a suitable gift for his wife in the Town Hall , Stourbridge, on th e loth inst. The present a tion was by Mr. W. W. Grierson, Chief Engineer of the Great Western Railway, who congratulated Mr. Brown on his long and consist en t devotion to a noble cause.

Mr. George Brown obtained his certificate in 1884. He qualified for the voucher in 1885 and in the following year gained the medallion ; he is the holder of all labels from 906 ( the year the award was instituted) to date. He also holds the Home Nursing C e rtificate and three pendants. He has bef n associated with the St. John Ambulance Brigade since 1903, and is entitled to the long servic e medal of the Brigade.

Mr. Brown has also been successful in competitions and a member of t e ams winning the "Boscawen II cup (Dudley), "Beyfus)) shitld (Dudley), and the Corbett Hospital challenge cup. In connection with th e last award he is the present holder of the goblets presented for the best individual work in the cup competition.

He has att e nded to actua.l first-aid cases in the locomotive department at Stourbridge since 18 84 . These would aggregate to many

In addition to th e above, he has an excellent war record, and is the possessor of the St. John Ambulance War Service Pendant and the Joint Certificate of the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John, for voluntary services rendered as undfr ;-

Attending ambulance trains 456 hours Hospital duty 687 "

Drills and practices ... 300 "

Mr. Brown is believed to be the oldest ambulance worker on the Great Western Railway, and it would be interesting to know whether there is on the railways in the country any first ·aider with a longer record.

The presentation was made at a smoking concert when upwards of 600 am bulance workers and their friends were present, and examination awards were distributed by Mr. R. H. Nicholls, supt. of the line. The Mayor and Mayoress of Stourbridge and members of the corporation were present, besides several local officers of the Great Western Railway, and officials from Paddington.

C0RRECTlON.-No. 22 (Harrow) Nursing Division, Alice Burn,! M.B., Ch.B., was stated as Lady Divisional Superintendent, this should read Lady Divisional Surgeon.

January, 19 2 4

-FIRST

Scheme for Voluntary Aid Detachments.

PREAMBLE.

1. THE following scheme has beE n formulated with the obj of showing how voluntary aid shall be organised to supplement the Medical Services of the Forces of the Crown in the event of war or other national emergency. The original (1909) scheme was designed to supplement the Territorial Medical Service in the event of war in the Home Territory only. The new scheme is designed to supplement the Medical Services of the Naval, Military and Air Forces on emergency in any part of the world.

THE SCHEME.

2. The authority on which the Scheme is based is War Office letter No. 83/771 (T.A. 2) of 7th December, 1922. (See Appendix.)

3. In this scht me the County System has been adhered to.

4. Reference in the scheme to the Council, the Association, the Order and the Society means the Central J oint Voluntary Aid D etac hment Council, the County Territorial Army Association, the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England and the British Red Cross Society.

SECTION I.-OBJECTS.

5. The Medical S prvices of the forces of the Crown are :.ufficient to meet ordinary peace requirements, but they lack certain Reserves needed on either partial or general mobilisation. On th e outbreak of war, therefore, these serviCes will requ ire the assistance of personnel of Voluntary Aid Detachments.

6, These reserves will be required for- (a) Motor Ambulance Convoys) (b) Ambulance Trains, (8) General, Naval, Military and Air Force Hospitals, (d) Auxiliary Hospitals, (e) Rest St ations, (f) Hospital Ships, (g) Convalescent Hom:!s, (h) Command (i) Entraining, detraining, em barking, and dis ern barking sick and wounded.

SECTION II.-ADMINI STRATION

7. The administration of Voluntary Aid Detachments is vested in a Joint Council set up and constituted by the Army Council (see Appendix).

8. The first members of this Joint Council shall consist of the following representatives :-Admiralty [, the War Office 4, Air Ministry I, Territorial Army Associ a tions 6, Order of St. John 5, British Red Cross Society 5, St. And r ew's Ambulance Association r. Repr;!sentatlves so appointed by these bodies, and subject to their approval, may hold officr: for three years and be eligible for reappointment.

9· The Council shall elect its own Chairman, who need not be one of the above representative members. In the absence of the Chairman an acting Chairman shall be appointed from among the members present.

10. The Council shall have full administration and executive powers within the limits of the scheme, and for this purpose will be the normal channel of communication between the associations and the bodies providing detachments in the counties and the 'Var Office. lOA. The Council shall appoint two permanent commIttees (I) Executive, (2) Mobilisation, and such other committees as it thinks fit.

The Executive Committee shall consist of 13 members, mem bers being nominated by each of the constituent bodIes forming the Council, except in the case of the St.

AI D.- 149

Andrew's Am bulance Association, which shall nominate one memb e r only.

Subject to confirmation by the Council, it shall have power to appoint and determine the appointment of the Secretary of the Council and other plid officials, to arrange for and determine the tenancy of offices and rooms for meetings, and to conduct all the ordinary business of the Council under the scheme.

The Executive Committee shall report to the Council. All other committees shall report their proceedings and recommendations to the Executive Committee who may act up)n them, but reports of all such committees shall be forwarded to the Council by the Executive Committee.

The Chairman of the Council shall be ex officio chairman of the Executive Committee and a of all other committees.

The Mobilisation Committee shall consist of one male and female m3mber nominated by the Voluntary Aid Detachment representatives of the Territorial Army Associations, the Order and the Society; a deputy b03ing allowed in each case.

This Committee shall be composed of (a) three women for the Women's Ddachments, and (b) three men for the Men's Detachments

The duties of this Committee, und er direction of the Executive Committee, will be to sup e rvise and arrange for the welfare and training the mobile sections and to prepare schemes for mobilisation in accordance with the requirements of the Army Council and for functioning on the outbreak of war.

I r. The Council may authorise the appointment of Committees in the United Kingdom or the Britisl' Dominions and may delegate such powers as may l-t deemed desirabl t! to such Committee, who sh all in all matters be responsible to the Council.

12. Territorial Army Associations will be responsible for the enrolment and efficiency of Voluntary Aid Detachments in close co-operation with the Joint County Committees or the body or bodies which train the personnel in their respective areas.

13. A War Office grant of IS. a head for enrolled efficients up to the War Office maximum will be paid annually to Associations.

14. An Association may, after expe nses in connection with the registration of Voluntary Aid Detachments have been defrayed, allot any balance of the IS. a bead grant to County Controllers towards the cost and administration of the County Controller's office.

There is, however, no objection to County Associations allowing the County Controller the use of their office accommodation and clerical staff, provided that no expenses to Association funds is thereby incurred which would not incurred if there were no Voluntary Aid Detachments.

IS. The County Controller shall be the Chi e f Officer for Voluntary Aid Detachments in the area. The County Controller shall be appointed by the Association in agreement with the body or bodies which provide d e tachments in that area and in agreement with the Council. In the event of a disagreement, the matter shall be referred to the Army Council, whose decision will be final.

16. The area administered by the County Controller shall be co-terminous with that of the Association or Associations making the appointment.

17. The duties of the County Controller shall be :(a) To organise and maintain local Voluntarv Aid Detachments through the body or bodies

which provide d e tachments in the area, as may be directed by the Council.

(b) To be responsible to the Association of the County and to the Council for the efficiency of members of each Voluntary Aid Detachment.

(c) To arrange for periodical inspec.tiol? and for preparations for mobilisation as lDdlcated by the Military Authorities.

Cd) To render all returns, as and when due, to th e appropriate office.

18. As the civil work carried out by Voluntary Aid Detachm e nt s is considered to be effective training for war , the County Controller should make himself personally cognisant of all activities He not exercise any control by virtue of his office over work.

19. Assistant County Controllers may be appolDted by the County Controller in agreement with the Assoc.iation and the body or bodies providing the detachment lD the area. The certification of such appointments will be issued by the Council and notic e3 of such appointments sent to all the bodies.

SECTION lIf.-ENR OUIEt-;T.

20. A Voluntary Aid Detacbment may con sist either of m e n or of women but not of mi xe d detachments. Only British born subjects, including thos e of the Dominions, are eligible for enrolment. Every applicant o.n j?ining must sign a form of enrolme.nt and also an obhgatlon to undertake service when call e d upon in the class and cat egory in which he or sh e is enrolied.

21. The detachments shall be provided loc ally by the Association or by th e Ord e r or the Society or where through Joint County Committees or other rec ogni sed bodie!'.

22. Pay and allowances for the different classes and categories on mobilisation will be published by the War Office.

SECTION IV.-FOR 1>IATIO;N OF DETACHMENTS

23. Officers.- The following grades shall be consid e red officers :- Controller s and Assista n ts, Commandants and Assistants, :Medical Officers, Lady Superintendents, Q uartermast e rs.

24. Commandants and Assistant Commandants shall be appointed by the County Controller in agreement with the body or bodies providing detachments in the area. The certificates of such appointments will be issued by the Council and notices sent to all the bodies. Q uarterm lsters and Lady Superintendents shall b e nominated by the Commandant and appointed by the County Controller. Notice of such appointments shall be forwarded to all the local authorities concern ed.

25 All appo intments of officers shall be for a period of three years, which may be e x tended subject to conditions to be laid down lat e r.

26. A Reserve of Officers may be formed und e r regulations to be formulated.

27. The Council may form detachments cen trally

28. Composition of Detachments .-A detachment shall consi st of at least 2 and not more than 4 sections of 12 members each, but may be registered whtn it has reach e d a strength o f 16 m e mbers.

29. Men's Detachments.-M e n of military age en· rolled in Voluntary Aid Detachments shall not be held to b e exempt from military Se rvice in accordance with any Military Service Act that may be in forc e.

30. Members of Men's D e tachments will be div:ded into two classes :-(a) Mobile, (b) Immobile.

AID.- January, 1924.

31. The Mobile Members, who shall be betwe e n the ag e s of Ig and 40, must be prepared to undertake with any portion of His Majesty's on moblitsat.lOn, either at home or abroad, in accordance With the regulatIOns which shall be in force. The Immobile Members will undertake service within reach of their own homes, and must not be under the age of 18.

3 2 The establishment of a detachment :will be-I Commandant I Assistant Commandant, 1 Medical Offic er (if available),' I Quartermaster, Pharmacist (if availabl e) S ection Leaders (I for each sechon of 12 members).

33 Where there are three or sections, an additional Section Leader may be appomted, and one Section L ea der may then be appointed Head Section Leader, and shall wear a distinctive badge.

34 All candidates for Men's V?luntary Ai? Dettlchments with the exception of PharmaCists, ex soldiers, Royal Army'Medical Corps (Reg ular, Specia l Rese.rve or Terr itorial), ex sick berth Staff, Royal ex-airmen of Medical Branch of the Royal Air Force, must be ID poss ession of a First-Aid Certificate. ,..

35. Candidates who do not possess a } lrst-Ald CertIficate will be as "on probation, " and are not entitled to wear unifo rm.

3 6 Men joining Voluntary Aid Detachments shall enrolled for general service, and may be employe d on any of the following duties ;-S tretcher Bearers, Clerks, Carpenters, Mechanics, Motor Drivers, Cooks, or Sto re Ac co untants, Radiographers, N urSlOg Orderlles, Laborat o ry Assistants, Masseurs, Sanitary Orderlies, or any Cother relat e d duties.

37. All members must be thor o ughly trained a.s bearers, and a proportion must also hold certIficates ID Home Nursing, Hygiene and Sanitation, but they may be called upon t o perform any other duties in connection with the medical services.

38. Every member of a Men's Detachment must pass an annual efficiency t est, and all members must attend the an::!ual inspection unl ess exempte d in writing by the Command a nt.

39 Women's Detachments.-Members uf Wome.n's Detachments will be divided into two classes; (el) Mobile, (b) Immobile.

40. The Mobile Members, who shall be between thL. ages of 2 rand 40, must be preplre:i to undertake service with any portion of His Majesty's Forces on mobilisation, either at home or abroad, in accordance with the regulations which shall be in force. Th e Immobile members will undertake service within reach of their own homes, and must not b e under the age of 18.

4 [, The establishment of a detachm ent will be-r Commandant, Assistant Commandant, 1 Medical O fficer (if available), I Trained Nurse (Lady Superintendent), I Q uartermaster, I Pharmacist (if available ), Section Leaders (2 for each section of 12 mem bers )

42. Where there are three or more sections an additional Section Lead e r may be appointed, and one Section Leader may th e n be appointed Head Section Leader, and shall we ar a distinctive badge.

43 A Trained Nurse is one who has obtained a certificate of general training in a recognised Training School.

44. Wom e n joining Voluntary Aid Detachments will be enrolled for service, and may be employed on any of the following duties: - ursing Members, Pharmacists, Dispens e rs, Radiographers, Ward Orderlies, Hospital Cooks, Stewards, Storek ee pers, Hospital Clerks, Ambulance Motor Drivers, Dental Mechanics, Masseuses, Laboratory Assist-

January, 19 2 4. -FIRST

ants, Optical Assistants, Telephone Operators, or other related duties, and with the exc e ption of Trained Nurses, Pharmacists, Qualified Dispens e rs and Hospital Cooks, they must all have taken the Certificates in First Aid and Home Nursing.

45. Every member of a Woman's Detachment must pass an annual efficiency test, and all members must attend the annual inspection, unl ess exempted in writing by the Comma ndant.

4 6 Candidates who do not possess the First Aid and Home Nursing Certificates will be considered as "on probation," and are not entitled to wear uniform.

SECTION 5.-QUALIFYING CERTI F ICATES.

47· Certificates in First Aid and Home Nursing quali fying fo r enrolment in Voluntary Aid Detachments may be accepted under laid down by the regulations.

4 8 The following bodies are approved by the War Office: -(a) The St. John Ambulance Association, (b) the St Andrew's Ambulance Association, (c) the British Red Cro3S Society, (d) the National Fire Brigade Associatil)n, (e) the London County Council.

The above list is provisional and su bj ;'!ct to amendment from time to tim e

49 There will be a definite standard of efficie ncy rLquired in the duties of the 1en's and the Women s Detachments and this stannard will be laid down in the training regulations.

SECTION V r. - R EGISTRATION.

50 Voluntary Aid Detachments form part of the Technical Reserve of the Forces of the Cro wn. A list of Detachments with their Commandants will b e published in Army Orders.

51. Before a Detachment can be recognised by an Association it must be registered and numb e red at the War Offic'", tlJrough the Council. Existing Detachments n ee d not be re-regisLred but all members of such Detachments will be re-enrolled.

SECTION VII .-REC ORDS

52 -Records of all III bers will b e kept at the office of the County Controller, who shall send returns of numbers and categories of members periodically as required by the Council.

Kcno VIII.

53· Every officially recognised Voluntary Aid Detach ment Will be inspected annually by the Deputy Director of Medical Services, or other officer of the Royal Army Medical Corps, deta iled by the Genual Officer Comman ding-i n-Chip f of th e Command in which the Detachment has its headquarters. An inspecting officer may be specially d e t ailed by the War Office. On th e result of such inspection it will be decided whether the Unit fulfils t?e conditions necessary if official recog nition is to be contlOued. The inspection will be carried out before the 3 1 st October, on such dates as may be mutually agreed betwee n the General Officer Commanding-in Cbief, or his repre se ntative, and the County Controller concerned.

54· On or before 1st December in each year a report Sh?W lDg the result of th e inspection-eacb detachment bemg dealt with separately - will be rendered to the War Office by the Inspecting Officer through th e General Officer Co mmanding-ill-Chief, such rEports to be communicated to Council and the County Controll e r concerned.

SECTION IX.-Ap PEALS

55· It shall be understood that a right of appeal

AID.-

to the Council is reserved to all indivIdual members of Voluntary Aid Detachments, in respect of their duti es and responsibilities as such members. Such appeals shall be forwarded to the County Controller, who shall endeavour to dispose of them in consultation with the body raising the detachment of which the complainant is a member. The ultimate appeal shall be to the Council whose decision shall be final.

SECTION X -TRAININ G

56. Qualifications and facilities for training will be issued later in the form of regulations.

Approved by the Army Council.

H. J. CREEDY. December, Ig23.

A New Austin Ambulance.

THIS Austin ambulanc e has a special type of body, with side opening, built to the requirements of the Birmingham Guardians, who h a ve b ee n using Austin vehicles since Ig07. The body has two stretchers, with lifting gear, and accommodation for three sitting cases, with attpndant. It

is mounted on the 20 h.p. Austin ambulance chassis, which ?iffers from that of the Austin Tw e nty C<lr chassis in spring109 and gear ratios. The Birmingham police have two Austin cars, which accompanied the Prince of Wales during his vis i t to the city, while the Fire Brigad e has an Austin Twelve in constant use.

Joint Council Church Appeal.

SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 3rd., Iy24

THE Church e s have been asked to give collections to the Joint Council of the Order of St. John and the British Red Cross Society this ye ar on February 3rd., and it is hoped that the result will be a good onE'.

A Appeal has bee n issued throughout England, but cl.rculars from London carry little weight if they do not the support of local interest, and this is a work to which all Qur personnel, members as well as officers, may contribute.

As in past years, 50 per cent. of the amount collected in each county will be returned to the county concerned for loc a l use, after the end of the financial year.

When corresponding with Advertisers please mentiOD II First Ald."

A By

History Auxiliary of Sick

-FIRST the Royal Naval Berth Reserve.

Surgeon Commander G. O. M. DICKENSON, M.B., R.N.

(Continued from page I28.)

With regard to the" Am bulance Res e rve" it was proposed to have two classes-Junior and Senior Attendants, the latter being those who passed an examlDation in Advanced First-aid and Home Nursing-and the total complem ent to be approximately 2,000.

The scheme received the s9-nction of H. M. Treasury in September, 1902, and the. s>rder in th e institution of the" AuxI!tary Royal Naval SIck Berth Reserve" is dated November 19, 1902. Inspector-General Woods was appointed organising Medical Officer.

The following is a brief summ9-ry of the regulatlOns th en formulated :-

«() After enrolment the reservist might attend an advanced course in first-aid and nuesing, the expenses of which were borne by the Admiralty.

(2) Reservists who passed through tte course permitted to undergo a of a hospItal or sick quarters or at a CIVIl hospital, or In a ShIp of war. During this training they were paid 2S. 6d. a day.

The sick berth steward giving this instruction was e ntitled to a fee of 2S. 6d. for each reservist.

(3) Reservists were to be .a nnually.

(4) When called out on moblhsatlOn, the r e servIsts were to receive pay as follows :-

SeDior r t serve attendants, 3S. 3d. a day.

Junior reserve attendants, 3S. a day.

These rat e s of pay to be increased by 6d. a day after si x months service, and each r e servist employed in a shi p of war was to receive extra pay at th _ rate of IS. a day.

In addition to pay a') a ba ve, reservists were entitled to:-

Provisions, fuel and light in kind or an allowance of IS. 6d. a day.

Qua rt ers, or an allowance of IS. a day.

A free kit , if employed in a hospital ship or man-ofwar.

A free kit, or an allowance of £2 lOS. in lieu, if employed in a house or foreign hospital.

Bed an d bedding (on loan), or an allowance of £ in lieu, if employed in or hospitals.

Travelling and subSistence allowances.

P e nsions or gratuities (or wounds or injuries on service.

A gratuity of £ 5 on discharge.

Pensions or allowances for WIdows and chIldren of men killed, drowned, or dying from wounds or injuries received or diseases contracted, during warlike op e rations.

The Order in Council clearly stat e d that the Reserve should be formed" by the enrolment of men belonging to th e St. John Ambulance Brigade, being a branch of the Ambulance D epar tm ent of the Oeder of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England, to Ambulance Association in Scotland, and to theIr ASSOCIatIOns, or oth e r men qualifi e d in our opinion to belong to the Reserve."

The reservists could elect to serve, on mobilisation, in any of the following classes :-

Class A.-Ships of war.

·Originally published in the "J ou 'na of the Royal K ava l Medical Service," October 1923.

A I D.- January, 1974

Class B.-Hospital ships and non -fig hting auxiliary ships temporarily attached for .war.

Class C.-Hospitals, medIc a l establIshmf nts or ships of the Royal Navy, and coast ambulance statlOns abroad.

Class D.-Hospitals, medical establishn:ents or ships of the Royal Navy, and coast ambulance stat Ions at hJme.

Candidates had to be medically examined as to phYSIcal fitness to be between the ages of 20 and So, and to be of exemplary character and temperat e habits. These regulations wer e promulgated by the St.John Ambulance Brigad e on 20. 1903i as a BrIgade Ord e r, in which the various details were very clearly explained.

During the first year r ecrUlt.mg did not proceed as rapidly as was anticipated, but as time went on .the R e· serve became more popular as is shown by the follOWIng table :Number on Year. the Roll.

January, 1924. -FIRST

this ordEr 849 men had reportEd at thEs e depots! As the strength of the REserve on this date was 1,200 men, over 70 per cent. of the reservists immediately left their work and their homes and answered the call for which they had waiting for so many ,ears. The majority of the remaining 30 pEr c e nt. joined up within a few days, having bee n delayed by th e nature of their civil employment.

It was s oon found that the original strength of the Re serve was insufficient to meet all requirEments, and the Briga de, as usual, rose to th e occasion. As soon as a draft of reservists had been despatch e d to the depot, the offi cers of the Division at once commenced intensive trai n i ng of recruits to take th eir place not o nly for Brigade duties in the district but also for possible active service.

(To be Continued).

V.A.D. Scheme.

THE Army Council has approved a scheme under which, in the event of war or other national emergency, the Medical Services of th e Navy, the Army, ann the Air Force will be supplemented by the personnel of Voluntary Aid Detachments. These detachments wlll furnish the recruits (or motor-ambulance convoys and ambulance trains, hospitals, and hospital ships, r est stations, convalescent homes, and other require:nents for the sick and wounded.

AID. - 153

areas. But the Central Joint Voluntary Aid Detachment Council will have full administrative and executive within the limits of the scheme, and for this purpose will be the normal channel of communication between the bodies providing detachments in the counties and the War Office.

The first members of this Council consist of the representatives of the Admiralty, War Office, the Air Minis try, Territorial Army Associations, th e Order of St. John, the British Red Cross Society, and the St. Andrew's Am bulance Association. Lieutenant-Colonel W. H. A. De la Pryme has been appointed secretary of the Council, and the offices of the Council will be in 80, Pall Mall, London, S.W.I.

It is interesting to note that the representatives of the Order of St. John on this Committe e are :-

Colonel Sir James R. A. Clark) Bt., C.B., C.M.G. Sir Herbert L e wis, K B.E. Rt. Hon. Countess of Onslow, c.B., A.R.R.C. Lady Perrott, R. R.C.

M aj -Gen. Sir Percival S. Wilkinson, K.C.M.G., C.B. The full scheme is given in this issue.

J\mbulance j\{ews euttings.

The Editor inviter readers to send newspape1' cuttings on matters 0/ general interest for inchtsion in this column

During 1904, 46 obtained. First-Aid Nursing Certificat e, 30 did tramlOg 10. hospitals and.28.10 ships. In 1908 there were 471 senIOr and 210 JUOlor reserve attendants. '

In 1912 th e Regulations were revised, and it was these revised regulations that the .R. l ReserVIsts served during the late war. The chIef altuatlons were :-

(a) All to coas.t .am bulance stations WEre omitted. The idea III the ongmal scheme was to have trained amb ulance men, accustomed to boat work, stationed at certain towns on the coast who would, in time of war, disembark the wound e d from ships.

(b) The age limit on entry was reduc " d to 18. .

(c) Hospital training confined to naval hospitals. In the original scheme trammg could b e done at approved civil hospitals

(d) When called out, the sum of £6 was .to be, allowe? to each reservist with which to purchase a kIt ano keep It in good repair. This kit included the St. John Ambulance Brigade uniform.

During these years tram 109 went ?n steaddy, Division was inspected annually, class es 10 Flr.st Aid and Nursing were held, and the Reserve 10creased 10 popUlarity. On August 1st, 1914, the R.N.A.S.B.R. had a tot a l complement of I, So divided into the following classes :-

Class A 4 8 [

II B 20+

II C 9 0

" D 375 I, I SO

The Reserve had been in force eleven years, and at last the organisation was to underg o the t est of actual mobilisation. How did it stand that test?

At 5.15 p.m. on Friday, August. 1st, order was sent by the Admiralty to the ChIef CommiSSioner of the Brigade to mobilise the R.N A.S.B. Reserve, the men to report at the depots at Portsmouth, and Devonport. Within forty- e ight hours of the recelfl of

Detachments will form part of the technica! reserve of the Forces of the Crown, but before a detachm e nt can be recognised by a Territorial Association it must be registered and numbered at the War Office through the Joint VoluntGl.ry Aid Council. Existing detachments need not be re-registered, but all mem bers of such detachments will be re-enrolled. Detachments will be r ec ruit ed and organised on a county basis, and will be administered by county controllers app oi nted by the Territorial Associations in agr eement with the bodies which provide detachments in the several ar e as, and in agreement with the council.

It will be one of the principal duties of the County Controller to organise and maintain local Voluntary Aid Detachments through the bodies providing the detachm e nts in the area, as may be directed by the joint council. The personnel of detachments will comprise a mobile and an Immobile class The mobile members of men's detachments will be between the ages of 19 and 40, and of women's detachments between 2 and 40 . They must be prepared to undertake servi ce on mobilisation either at home or abroad, while immobile members, both men and women, who must not be under i8 years of age, will serve within reach of their homes. Men of military age, enrolled in any of the detachments will not be h e ld to be exempt from military service in accordance with any Military Service Act that may be in force

Candidates fo r appointment in the men's detachments, unl,;ss qualified as pharmacists or by previous e xperience in the Medical S er vices, must be in poss e ssion of a first aid certificate and similarly, women, with the exception of trained nurSeS} pharm a cists, qualifi e d dispensers, and hospital cooks, must have tak e n the certificates in first aid and home nursing. Candidat e s not in possfssion of such qualifications will b e r e garded as on probation and will not be entitled to wear uniform.

The Territorial Army Associations will be responsible for the enrolment and efficiency of the various detachments, acting in close co· operation with Joint County Committees, and those who will train the personnel in their respective

SUSPENDED IN MIDAIR.

While two painters were at work at the top of a Paris house one of the ropes supporting the plank on which they were s itting gave way, and the plank remained suspended from one end. One of the painters seized the rope and the other clung to his leg.

The ir shouts attracted the attention of a com rade, who rushed to a fire alarm. The firemen turned out with a long ladder, and after having hung in m idair for a quarter of an hour the two men were rescued. -Daily llIail.

GIRDER CRAWL RESCUE.

A youth's thrilling bravery was rewarded at a Llanelly copper works, where a presentation was made to Harold Ashton

When a man was repairing a roof he slipped and crashed through, but his clothes caught on a girder, and he was suspended forty feet above the iron floor. Ashton climbed on a girder, wriggled along, and, hold i ng the girder with one hand, pulled the workman up with the other. Had either fallen he must have been killed, Daily JIz'rror

SUSPENDED IN TREE-TOp.

Wh ile cutting branche; from an elm tree overhanging the Southern Railway at Mitcham, George Anker, who was 40 ft. from the ground, had his leg broken by a large branch that he had just sawn through swinging round and striking him.

His companion, think ing Anker must fall, start ed to climb the tree to his aid, but Anker signalled that he could get down unass isted. Though in great pain, he fixed a rope and lowered himself to the ground. He was taken to Croydon Hosp ital and detained. At the moment of the accident a passenger train from Wimbledon to Croydon passed under the tree.-Daily lI£ail.

SAVED BY "PLIABLE" RIBS.

" Pliable" ribs, said a doctor, saved a 14-year-old Kingston (S urrey ) boy, Charles Gurney, from almost certain death.

Owing to h is bicycle skidding in London-road, Kingston, he was thrown in front of a milk float. Although a wheel passed over his c hest he escaped with a few bruises.-Daily Cltronzde.

-FIRST

AID.- January, 19'4

This Section of the Act clearly makes Brigade Officers r e sponsible for any injury which may occur to a paid Instructor in connection with his work for the Brigade.

Under the former Workman's Compensation Act the liability was perhaps not altogether clear, but under the present Act provision is made which specially covers su ch work as that of a paid Lecturer or Band Instructor, etc.

Officers should, therefore, effect an Insurance agains t any such claims, and there should be no difficulty in doin g so with any Insurance Company which undertake s work of this sort.

* * * With the adv e nt of another year we n a turally all loo k forward and all our r ea ders will join us in hoping that the St. John cause will steadily advance and all those engaged in it will work with heart and purpose to accomplish this end. We wish all our readers happiness in the new year and a continuation of the friendly rtlations that have helped us so much in our work.

* *

"*' In the matter of accident statistics it is interesting to note that the year 1923 was an improvement on its predecessor in the matter of fatal railway ac cidents. Last year there was only one such accident, wh ich occurred at Diggle on July 5th and involved the death of two pass::ngers. In 1922, there were three accidents, involving five fatalities to passengers.

Th e se figures spea k volumes for safety of rail way travel to-day, and p erhaps it is n ot generally known that since the opening of the 20th century, there have been tw o years- 190 and 1908, without a single fat al accident to passengers. The next best years were, 1909, 1917, and 1923, each with one fatal accident. In 1914,-18, and 1920, two accidents were recorded, and in 1902,'04,'I1,-r6,-I9, ' 21, and 1922 there were three.

In only three years have there been more than five fatal accidents, viz, si x in 190 7, seven in 19 r 3, and eigh t 10 1915.

"*' *

There were, in the Metropolitan area during the ni ne months ended Sept embe r 30th, 478 fatal, and 50,743 nonfatal (persons or prop e rty ) accidents-a total of 51,221, an increase of 23 per cent. as compared with the corr e spondin g period of last year. Of the fatal accidents 337 were caus ed by motor cars and vans, 86 by motor buses and trams, 33 by horse-drawn vehicles, and 22 by pedal cycles. Thes e statistics were given by Mr. H. E. Blain, Chairman of th e Council of the London H Safety First" Committee at a meeticg held at the Middlesex Guildhall recently.

The problem of eliminating this serious increase in accidents is complic a ted by the vastness of the area of th e Metropolis with a population which will soon reach eigh t millions, being spread over an ar e a of 900 square miles.

January, 19 2 4. - AID &: THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

TlfE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE 8 OAZETTE. . . s

St. John Ambulance Brigade Supplement.

Appointments, Etc.

DECEMBER, 1923

The Chi e f Commissioner has sanctioned the following appoi ntments, promotions, transfers and resignations :_

PRINCE OF WALES'S DISTRICT.

No. 44 (Acto n ) Division.-Divisional Supt. Ddlston transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 7.1.21No. 6-l ( Kentish Town) Division.-Divisional Supt. Dobson tra nsferred to the Brigade Reserve, 4.12 .2 3

NO. 2 DISTRICT.

Bourn emouth Nursi ng Division.-Divisional Surgeon H Grai nger resigned, 28.12.23

Ambulance Sister AlIce Lucy Arkwright to be Lady Ambul ance Officer, 8. I 2.23

NO .3 DISTRICT.

Corps \" Arthur Faire " ursing Division).-

Dlvlsl o.nal Surgeon Dr. resigned, 19. J2.23

LeIcester Corps ( LeIcester Nursing Division ).-Grace Eliza beth Partndge Lady Corps Officer, I8.I2.23

Peterboroug h Dlvlslon.- Thomas F. Sewell to be DiviSIO nal Supt., 18.10.23

NO. 4 DISTRICT.

,Rawtenstall Ambulance and Nursing Division. - Sidney \\ liltam Herbert Stuart, M.B., Ch.B., to be D ivisional Surgeo n, 27.11.23

John Ashton Lees, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon 27. 1 1. 2 3 '

Wllldermere Division.-James Gorton to be Divisional S upt., 19.12.23

NO· 5 DISTRICT.

. Biddulph and District Corps (Bidd ulph Division).-

TImot hy Charles Murphy, M.B., B.Ch., to be Divisional Surgeo n, 17.12.23

B Bahrnoldswick Divis ion . - Ambulance Officer ]. D. roug ton transferred to the Earby DiviSIOn, 8.I2 .23 Eiland Division.-Supt. H. Savage transferred to the BrIg ade Reserve, 21.11. 23

Huddersfield Corps.-Divisional Supt. A. Gale resigned 19· 12.23

North Bierley Division.-Pte Amos Thornton to be Ambula nce Officer for Cadet purposes, 20.12.23

Jarrow Nursing Division.-Mabel Albert Longstaffe to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 13.12.23

Mid Durham Corps ( Durham City Nursing Divi si on ).Lady Ambulance Officer T. Cooper resigned, 19. 12 23

North Durham Corps .(G ateshead Nursing Dlvision ).Lady Supt. Mrs. Arnold resIgned, 28.12.23

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Isle of Thanet Corps (Ramsgate Town

R. W. Hammand to be Transport Officer, 1. 1.24

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Cam borne Division.-Corpl. Walter Ernest Butler to be Ambulance Officer, 18.12.23

No. 12 DISTRICT.

Headquarters Nursing Division .-Lady Supt. G. M: transferred to the Dublin Headquarters Nursing DIVISIon, 19.12.23

City of Dublin Division.-Ambulance Officer George W. Belton to be Div isional Supt., 1.1.24

Sergt. Patrick Joseph Cassidy to be Ambulance Officer, 27. 12 .23

Jacobs Nursing D ivision ). -Ambulance Sister Annie Doris McCrea to be Lady Divisional Supt., 1.12.23

St. Tam es s Gate Division.-Sergt. John Kelly to be Ambulance Officer, 15.12.23

NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named ;_

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Earlestown Division.-Sanctioned, 1.12.23

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Acton Hall Colliery Division.-Disbanded, 28.I2.23

No.6 DISTRICT.

Gateshead Police 18.12.23

Peel House Cadet Nursmg DlvlslOn.-Sanctioned 18.12.2" Boldon Colliery 7.9. 23' .)

Peel House Cadet Dlvlslon.-Sanctioned, 18.12.23

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Torpoint 31.12.23

St. Stephen s Cadet Dlvlslon.-Sanctioned, 4.7. 23

No. II DISTRICT.

Maidstone D ivisio n.:-:S.anction ed, 5.9.23

Faversham Cadet DlvlslOn.-Sanctioned, 5. 12 .23

The attention of Officers is drawn to Section 9, subsection 2 B of the Workman's Compensation Act, 1923 which came into force on 1St January, 1924. '

Mr. Blain said that one step towards the solution of the street accident problem would be the granting of power , by legislation, to enquire into and report upon every period of the previous year. Further, his Council considered that it should be obligatory upon every motor driver to pass a proficiency test before receiving a licence.

] Staveley Corps ( Hartington Colliery Division ).-Sergt. ohn Tho.mas Gr.'ffiths to be Divisional Supt., 8.12.23 vice Supt. J. FIdler resigned, 8.10.23 '

Pte. Arthur Cresswell to be Ambulance Officer, 8.I2.23

No. 6 DISTRICT.

S Boldon Colliery Division.-Arthur Moore to be Divisional upt., 31.12.23

No. 12 DISTRICT.

St. Stephen's Green Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 1.1.24

DEATHS.

Supt. C. Bryn, No. 74 (London City Mission), 28 .2 .23

P. WILKI (Major-General), ActIng Chief Commissioner.

Brigade Orders.

2SIil DeceJIIl1er, I923

B.O. 4S3 .-E NROL LE NT OF "ROVER" SCOUT IN THE BRIGADE.

The following Regulations for the enrolment of Rover Scouts are promulgated for information :-

I. Rover Scouts may be admitted to the Brigade, subj ect to the follow ing c onditions :

1"t ote. - Scouts become" Rovers " at 17 years of age.

2. They may become full members of the at age of 18, subject their obtaining the SeDlor FIrst AId Certificate.

3. If they hold the senior certificate on joining at 17 years of age, and complete one y e ar's e ffici ent service up to 18, may be allowed to count four months towards the ServIce M edal, provided they join the Brigade.

4. Vhere a Division of the Brigade eXIsts, Rovers must join that D ivi sion, and for Brigade purposes, c ome under the control of the Offi c er in C har g e of the Division.

5. If there are sufficient Rovers at one place, SIR J CLARK.

A photo gra ph ta k en at the Royal Review. Windsor, in 19 12

Sections of the Divi sion consisting wholly of Rovers may be formed with the permission of the Commissioner concerned; such se c t ion will be attached to a D ivi sion

6. W hen two or more Sections of a Di vision are formed, the Rover Officer, if certificated and pas si ng the examinat ion laid down for an Officer of the Brigade, may be appointed in the rank of A mbulance Officer, and take charge of the Ro v er Sections under the Officer in charge of the Div sion.

7· R overs on joining t he Bri g ade are required to fulfil the conditions for Brigade effic ien c y as regards ambulance drills, re-exam ination and inspection, and conform to the Regulations in all respects.

8 They may he allowed to wear their own uniforms with a Brigade armlet on the left arm when attending Brigade dr ills and other B ri gad e duties, the armlet to be the p r operty of the B r igad e, and issued by the Officer in charge of the Division to each Rover on joining.

Commissioners of the Bo ys Scouts Association will, in the

first instance communicate with Commissioners of the Brigade in their respective areas, re gardi ng the formation of lo cal Sections of Rover Scouts.

Commi s sioners of the Brigade will arra nge with the Local Brigade Divisions c on c erned for such sub[}1itted for registration and sanction by the ChIef CommIssIoner.

B.O. 454.-AMENmIENT TO DRESS REGULATIONS.

The following additions to, and alt erat io ns in, the Badges of rank and uniform are approved :-

(a) Assistant Commissio ner.

(

Gorget pat ch to b e worn abov e steps on colla r of jacket.

b ) I. District Sergeant-Major.

St. John Cross No. 80B to be worn o.n right sleeve, six in c he s from bottonl, With two r in gs of silver cord , in metal.

2. Corps Sergeant-Major.

St. John Cross No. 80A to be worn on nght sleeve, six inches from bottom, with one ring of silver cord, i n metal.

The present badg es of rank for District and Corps Serg eant-Majo rs are abo lish ed.

(c) Ambulan ce Drivers.

Khaki coat with pl ai n collar and cuffs The Brigad e Badge will be worn on the left arm by thos e enr olled in the Brigad e

(d) Cadet's Cape, to reach below the knees.

The Regulation Badg e s, Coats and Caps are obtam· able fro m the Stores Department, St. John 's Gate, E.c.f. B.O. or PRO"'Pl-CII\ E C .\OI· IS '0 C,\OET Dl\ [')lOXS.

(a) Prosp e ctiv e Cadets.

I t is open to persons between the ages of 1 I and 1S years to join a Cadet Division; those under 16 are required to hold the preliminary certificate and wJ!1 Join the Junior Section; those between the ages of 16 and 17 :. are requ ired to obtaIn the Senior Certificate.

The term "Cadet II should not be used until Probationers are actually certified and fully enrolled in a Cad et Division.

(b) Cadet Divisions: Annual Re-examinations.

1. Junior Section

The annual re-examination of Cadets in a Junior Section may be carried out by suitable and efficient officers. A list of such officers is kept by the Comm is sione rs, vid e B.O j.! 6. Results of such examinations will be sent to Headquarters on B. F. 1 J B.

The preliminary certificate is not acc ep ted as qualIfication for the voucher, medallion, etc.) which are open only to holders of the adult certificate.

2 Senior Section.

Cadet s in the Junior S e ction having obtained the adult certificate quali fy for transfer to the Senior Section. They will not be required to pass the annual re.examination n add it ion during the year in w h ic h they obtained their adult certificate, but in the subsequent y e ars they will be required to do so with the parent Division, and the Annual re-exam ination will be carri ed out in accordance with the Brigade General Regulations applicable to re-examination of Brigade D ivisi ons.

I RREGULARITIES IN UNIFORM.

January , 19 2 4. - FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

selves of thi s opportunity, hence the irregularity in uniform referred to hereunder.

The Dire c tor of the Stores Department, St. John's Gate, would be very glad to forward, on application, an illustrated price list of uniform and equipment.

Cloth.- The cloth of which the uniforms are made varies gr eatly The regulation is black serge ( Tartan), which is a speCIal make of cloth, SUItable for hard wear.

Caps. -S h a pe and make in some cases differ widely. The hat band, which should be white, is often cream coloured, and al so var ies in width.

Belts and Pouches.-The colour authorised is brown, a par ti cular shade having been registered officially at Headquar ters, whereas those worn vary greatly, both in colour and qua lity of the leather used.

Wa ter-bo ttles. - These should be Mark I V. (Army pattern ), cov ered bla ck felt, with regulation brown leather carrier. Thos e used are of all patterns.

B.O. 457 .-A NNUAL R ETURNS

All officers in charge of U nits are expressly urged to complet e and Render their Divisional Returns as early as possible after January I st, 1924.

Owing to the many discrepancies which have been found in c h ecking D ivisio nal Returns at Headquarters, those responSIbl e for their comp let io n should take particular care that the information as rep'ards drills, annual inspection and re-examination is correctly Inserted.

Forms B.F(I, 3 and 12 for the year commencing 1st January, 1924, are en clos e d h erewith.

B.O 4S8.-BRI GAOE COMPETITIONS.

H.R. H. the Duchess of York has gracic. usly consented to distribute the Shield and Prizes won at the Annual Brigade Competitions to be held on 23rd May, 1924 Conditio n s and Entry Forms for the "Dewar " Challenge Shield, the "Symons Eccles" Cup, and the "Perrott " Challenge S h ield will be ready for issue early in January next.

Divisions desirous of enter ing a team should apply to the Chi ef Commissioner for a copy of the ConditIOns and Entry form.

Arrangements for District Preliminaries will be made as heretofore by the Commissio ners of Districts.-B. O. 4 59. BRIGADE POSTER.

A specially desig ned and c oloured Poster has been ap proved for" Brigade Days," and other appeals to the public for funds, Recruiting, et c.

This Pos ter can be obtained from the Stores Department, St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C.I., price 8d. each.

(Sig ned ) J. R. A. CL ARK.

Special Brigade Orders.

28th December, I9 23.

H.R.H. the Gra nd Prior h avi ng been graciously pleased te acc ept my resignation of Office as Chief Commissioner of the Brigade) i t is notified for information that after the 3 1s t of this month I shall cease to act in that capacity.

May the Brigade and all its members prosper in.t?e years t:) come and keep bright and unsullied the great tradItions that have been handed down to it through the ages.

(Signed) J. R A. C LARK.

Major-General Sir Percival Wilkinson, K.C. 1\I.G. , C.B., Director of the AMbulance Department of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England, will act tem,Porar ily as Ch ef Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Bngade, as from the 1st January, 1924.

Effects of Electric Shock on the Human System.

THE danger to life in an electric shuck, says the" Joumal of the Royal Society of Arts," consists in the fact that it affects the muscles of the heart, stopping the heart ' s action.

The current which, when passed through the h e art muscles, will give a fatal shock to a person in normal health is about 0 I amp.; the voltage necessary to cau se this current to flow depends, naturally, on the r e sistanc ethis mainly on conditions of contact. Even 110 volts have been known to give a fatal shock when the surfaces of contact have been large and moist. Contact with t wo hands is less dangerous than that, say, between the left hand and the right foot, as in the former case the heart is not in the direct fll)w of the current. Persons with h e art ailments are likewise more susceptible to fatal shock than healthy persons. Horses, incidentally, are mor e liable to fatal shock than human beings.

The effects of alternating current at the usual commercial frequencies (40-50) are more sever e than those of direct current; but at very high frequenci e s ( say 4000 -8000) the nerves cease to re·act, and electricity at such frequencies is, therefore, not dangerous to life-which fact is taken advantage of in medical apparatus.

Seri.)us burns are more frequently a consequenc e of direct current than of alternating current shock. Experiments with the electric chair in America have proved that if a person is expecting the shock a much more severe one can be resisted.

The treatment for electric shock is, as is wtll known, to endeavour to restore the suspende d action of the heart by artificial respiration. It is noteworthy that the effects of electric shocks, if not immediately fatal, seldom last longer than a few hours, apart from incidental burns.

A First Aid Class for men, will, in all probability, assemble at St. John's Gate in February. Th e date has not yet been settled, but the entrance fee to the class will be 4 5 ., and intending candidates should apply to the Chief Secretary, St. John Ambulance Association, St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, E.c.I.

During the past year

Inspe cti n g Officers have reported that the uniforms worn by Ambulance U n its vary in many respects, and in consequence defle c ts from the parade the smartness which the observance of un iformity of un iform would have produced.

In these c ircumstances, the Chief Commiss oner desires to draw the attention of all U n i ts to the fa c th a t the Order introduced, in the interest of the Brigade) and to enable members thereof to be uniformed a nd equipped strictly in ac co rdan c e with regulations, at the lowest possible c ost, a U niform Depar tment from which it is poss ible to obtain ev{"rything that is necessary in this connection.

A large number of Divisions have not yet availed them -

In my valedictory to the Brigade I would like to express my gra teful thanks to every member of it for the loyal support I hay e received in my endeavour during my term of office to admInIs ter the Brigade in the best interests of itself the Order and humanity.

I would also like to express my great admiration of earnest and sympathetic manner in which members of the Bflgad e have at all times carried out the work they set their ha nds to

I leave you with sincere regret, but I feel that I have arriv ed at that time of life when the work should be carried on und er a younger and more energetic administrator, and in my succe s so.r I feel sure will be found one who will always keep hIm the motto of the Order-pro utilitate hominum-in It S broadest sense.

HOSPITALITY FOR NURSES FROM O VERSE AS .-The Directors of the United Nursing Services Club, of 34, Cavendish Square, London, W.I., are offering hospitality to nurses coming to this country from Overseas for the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley. Any ladies who have served with the Forces in the Field will be admit te d as honorary temporary members of the club for the duration of their stay in London, and will be given all the privileges of the club without any entrance fee or sub scription

PRIORY FOR WALES.

Brigade News.

APPOI NTMENTS, DECEMBER, 19 2 3.

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Commissioner for Wales ;-

GLAMORGANSHlRE CENTRE.

Ffaldau Institute and Garw Division.-Sergeants Supernumerary Ebenezer George Howells and John Davies to be Sergeants, Nantyffyllon Divisivn.-Private Brinley Georg e Collins to be Corporal, 29. If. 23

MONTGOMERYSHIRE C ENTRE.

Welshpool Division.-H enry Maurice Evans to be Sergt., 1 I.I2.23 ; Private Albert E. Brown to be Divisional Treasurer, 11. 1 2.2 3

MONl\IOUTHSHIRE CENTRE.

Rhymney Division.-Private Thomas William Rudd to be Divisi onal Storekeeper, 29 11. 23

Po ntypool North Cadet Division.-Cadet Arthur Tomlin to be Cadet Lance Corporal, 29.1 I. 2 3

CITY OF CARDIFF CENTRE.

Barry Dock Division.-Sergt. Ernest Paul to be Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes, 4.12.23

BOROUGH OF MERTHYR TY DFIL CENTRE.

Merthyr Nursing Division.- Ambulance Sister A. Hodges to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 10 12.23

NEW DIVISIONS.

New Divisions sanctioned during the month ;-

GL Al\I ORGANSHIRE CENTRE.

Po ntypridd G.W.R. Division, &.12.23

BOROUGH O F RH ONDDA CENTRE.

Tonypandy Police Division, 10 12.23

CITY OF CARDI FF CEN l'RE

Barry Dock Cadet Division, 4.12.23

General Interest.

AM BULANCE DEPARHIENT

During the month of D em ber, were conducted in connection with the Oswestry, G.W.R., Po ntypridd, G.W.R, Machen, G.W.R., Brynmawr Nursing, Aberdare, Cardiff, Aberdart. G W.R., Peaarth G. W.R , Quaker's Yard G W R., Parcyrhun, Penybank, Merthyr Tydvil, Caerphilly, Blaenavon, Cefn Coed, Pontypcol, and Maerdy Classes, and the following Divisions were re -en mined :-Brynmawr, Penarth, Tylorstown, Ynyshir, Trimsaran, Welsh pool, Blaina, Mountain Ash, Llanwrtyd Wells, Fochriw, Cardiff and Maerdy. It is interesting to note that many new classes are now being formed. Mrs. E. Lloyd has started a Home Nursing Class at Nantymoel, Glarn.; at Swansea Mr. J. A. Arrowsmith is arranging a First Aid Class, an ambulance class is being formed at Penygroes, Carnanonshire, by Dr. W. G. Owen, and in Merionethshire Mrs. K. R.

J ones has arranged for Dr. Hilton Jones to lecture to a First Aid Class at Llandebie. lacid such as that related by Dr. Percival Smith, in submitting his report on the Examination of the Nantybwch London, Midland and Scottish Railway Class reveal to what extent railway companies are protecting the public by encouraging th eir staffs in ambulance work. Dr. Smith reports that a girl fell under a train as it was starting from the Nantybwc:1 Station Both her thighs were nearly severed but very efficie nt servi ce was immediately rendered by the members of the Railway Class. The efforts made to provide first aid training for trawler crews has not yet met with success. Although th e principle has been generally approved, the men have not attended the instructional clas ses in spite of the unquestionable need for qualified first aiders in this indust ry. The Grimsby Joint Arbitration Board recently passed the following resolution ;-

"That after 31St December 19 23 no new c ert ificate qualifying e ither a Skipper or a Mate to take c1large of a Grimsby vessel shall be granted by the Arbitration Board unless the applicant is able to produce a certificate of competency in first aid. "

This is a ste p in th e right direction as it seems the movement will only succeed by compulsory means. If at a later date the Board of Trade takes a similar action our aim will be satisfactorily accomplished.

MEDICAL COl\IFORTS DEPCHS.

The Priory's aim to establsh Medical Comforts Depots in every town and village in Wales is continually gettin g nearer to fulfilment. In the majority of counties at least one depot has been set up and in South Wales most districts have been considered.

The Tumble dep ot , Ca rmarthen, has just completed its firsts year's working. The report shows that most of the articles have been in use greater part of the time. The whole of the work is done voluntarily, and the mem hers of the local nursing classes have formed a sewing guild with the intention of making special articles for us e in times of sickness, and garments for general use which will be distributed in conjunction with the d epot to deserving cases in the locality. Many nursing members have taken up work of this kind and it is usually found to add to the strength and vitality of the Divisions.

In Cardiff there are five Medical Comforts Depots open daily. They are all equally popular and although well stocked the articles de not remain long in the depots.

A concert, organi'ied by the Girl Guides and Rangers was given at the Market Hall, Sennybridge, Breconshire, on Saturday, Decem btr 8th, for the purpose of raising sufficient funds to equip the Medical Comforts Depot recently op ened at Sennybridge. Miss Isobel Thomas, the District Commissioner for Brecon, with the Ranger Guides, arranged tea, and Miss Margaret Davies, the District Commissioner for Sennybridge organised the concert. Thf> Chairman, Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K B.E , thanked the Guides in the name of the local Executive Committee for the work they were doing on behalf of the d epot in which, he said, they were actively observing the link which bound together the Guide world as it was service for the benefit of the public. He said the training of young

January, 19 2 4 -P'IItST

girls in the Guide movement was a great help to the country and enabled them to develop a better knowledge of home-keeping, mothercraft and citizenship. Amongst thos e present were Miss Adelaide Williams (Pen pont) and party; Mrs. Garnos Williams (Abercanlais) and party; Mrs. BIckerton Edwards; Mrs. Ashby (Cray); the Vicar of Devynock; Mr. Roger Jeffreys Powell and other s. Th e proceeds of the concert amounted to nearly £8, which amount has been handed to Mrs. James Powell, the Secretary of the Committee.

Centre Reports.

MONMOUTHSHIRE C!i:NTR E.

The first competition promoted by the Abertillery Division for the "Ince" challenge shield open to the whole of Great Britain and Ireland was held at Abertillery

AID.- 159

about 50 years has climbed to the roof of the grand stand he loses his balance and falls to the ground InsenSible. You find he smells strongly of alcohol and that his left elbow and left clavicle are fractured. Treat and convey home, half a mile away.

Keep crowd back, ask police to assist.

Enquire if doctor at match. Judge says no. Send message to doctor.

Immediately undo all tight clothing. Attend to fractures on spot.

Nothing by mouth while insensible.

Treatment of fractures. Elbow first :

Removal of clothing.

Angular splint.

Bandages round humerus and forearm.

Treatment of clavicle ;- Pad in armpit.

Broad bandage round elbow and body.

Large arm sling (not St. John ).

Examination for canse of insensibility :-

Head for wounds, bruises, etc.

Ears, mouth for blood.

Eyes as to equality, action to light, etc. Uudge to say pupils unequal )

Colour of face Uudge to say flushed).

Mr. G O. Gibbs, the Divisional Secretary, announced the a wards as und e r ;-

Temperature Uudge to say raised ) Uudge to say noisy ).

DiagnOSIs of case. If not, judge to say =tpoplexy.

Treatment ;-Ice or cold to head.

A corner of the Medical Comforts Depots at Priory House, which is typical of many others in \Vales. I n addition to the articals shown, Spinal Carriages and Bath Chairs are supplied on loan at nominal charges. on Boxing Day. The judges Dr. Edgar Llewellyn, Cardiff, and Dr. S. Simons, Abertillery, congratulated the t ea ms on the excellent standard of their work, and hoped that this competition would become a great annual event.

Hot bottles or flannels.

Judge to ask from where obtained.

Treatment of shock.

Message home.

Examination for further injuries.

Preparing and testing stretcher.

Loading and securing patient to prevent jolting Marching and changing bearers.

Examination en route.

Unloading to bed. No further treatment

Time and general smartness.

The viva voce tests were as under ;-

1.-When would you remove foreign bodies in first aid ?

The following IS the test used for the practical section :-

You are on duty at a big football match. A man aged

In all wounds remove foreign bodies seen. Do not for any.

In. acid or alkali burns .remove cause by dilute antidote. Stmgs of plants and antmals ; remove sting if left in.

-FIRST

AID.-

January, 1924.

Foreign bodies in the eye, if loose.

Nose. Throat. Fish hook embedded in skin.

Ear if insect, if other leave.

I n cases of poisoning and no stains, remove poison by emetic.

Wound caused by snakes or rabid animals, encourage bleeding, cauterise.

Promptness.

2.-(a). Of what use to you as a first aider are symptoms?

(b) I n what cases are you permitted to perform a doctor's duties.

(

c) Describe the spinal cord.

(a) Give warnings of something wrong.

Guirles to seat of mischief.

Abatement or increased severity.

I ndicate right or wrong treatment.

(b) When surgical aid not available in the following cases ;-

\Vhen wound is obviously dIrty.

Poisoned wounds, cauterise.

Foreign bodies in the eye, evert.

When tourniquet is causing pain or has been in position for half and hour. Relax.

( C) Spinal cord continuation of the brain. Consists of nervous matter lying in spinal cord. Leaves brain through largest opening of the base of the skull. Extends second lumbar vertebra. Promptness.

3.-What are the signs and symptoms of hcemorrhage?

If external, a wound.

If arterial, blood scarlet in colour spurts in jets.

Comes from side of wound nearest heart.

Venous dark red in colour, flows slow, continuous.

Comes from distant side of heart (except varicose).

Capillary blood reu, wells up all parts of wound.

If severe internal or external rapid loss of strength.

Giddiness, faintness, pallor of face and lips.

Breathing hurried and laboured, yawning and sighing.

Pulse fails-patient throws arms about.

Tugs at clothing round neck; calls for air (air hunger).

Finally may become totally unconscious.

If from lungs coughed up, scarlet, frothy.

If from stomach vomited, dark like coffee grounds.

I f from kidneys, dark porter like urine,

If from bladder, red urine.

Bruise, swelling, discolouration.

If brain, signs of compression or apoplexy.

I f base, blood-shot eye. Clear fluid ear channel. Promptness.

4.- (a) Describe the Femur.

(

b) In what part may it be fractured.

5.-(a) Describe the base of the skull.

(b) How may it be fractured?

(c) Give the signs and symptoms of a ftactured base of the skull.

(a) Base of skull is hidden from view by the bones of the face and the vertebral column.

I n it are numerous perforations for the passage of blood vessels and nerves.

Through the largest opening brain and spinal cord are continuous.

(b) Fractured base is caused by indirect violence, fall on head, fall on feet or lower part. Of spine, or severe blow on lower jaw.

(c) Insensibility may come on immediately.

Blood or a clear fluid may issue (rom the ear channel:

Blood may escape from the nose or may pass down into stomach, whence it may be vomited.

Fracture may involve the orbit, causing a blood -shot eye.

Compression of brain may result-congestion in the brain.

Face flushed. Breathing stertorous.

One side of the body more limp than the other.

Pupil of one eye is larger than that of the other.

Temperature of body generally raised.

Pulse slow and full.

Promptness.

The Annual inspection of the Pontlottyn Division was conducted by Captain T. E. Richards on behalf of the Commissioner for Wales, at Pontlotlyn on December 27th. BRECONSIIIRE CENTRE.

Surgeon Commander G. O. M. Dickenson, R.N. insp£cted the Reservists of the Royal Naval Sick Berth Reserve at Brynmawr on December 8th. NlOeteen mem · bers of the Brynmawr Ambulance Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade volunteered for duty in this Res e rve, which is formed for the purpose of supplem e nting the Royal Naval Sick Berth Staff in hospitals and afloat in tim e of national emergency and maritime war, and is controlled by an inspecting medical officer appointed by the Admiralty.

On the same day C'ilptain T. E. Richards on behalf of the Commissioner for Wales conducted the Annual inspection of the Brynmawr Division, which is one of the oldest in Wales.

-FIRST

who had left the Division to tak e up nursing professionally. Mr. Price present e d the aW.1rds and emphasised the impo rtanc e of making the best of leisure time. He remarked t hat young people who took up ambulance work were not o nly b en e fitting their fellows but were also improving their me ntal and m o ral outlook.

On Saturday, D .:: cember 15th, about fifty guests, in cluding the Mayoress (Mrs. Henry Davies), were present a t a social ev e ning, organised by the Taibach ladies clac;s. Mr. Tom Hockin, instructor, was with a handsome walking stick given by the st udents, each of whom received an e fficiency certificate a nd a m e dal t o commemorate their success. Mr. Lemuel Jo n e s, Sub·Commissioner for the Sub-District, pr esided. In his remarks he said that the work of the Bri gade was more d c. velop e d in Glamorganshire than in any other c J unty in Wal e s. In his opinion the am bulance move m e nt called for great resp:!ct and to him, came next to r pligion It was hoped that a nursing division would bf' fo rm e d shortly.

BOR OUG H OF R HONDDA CENTRE.

Th e r", was a spl e ndid muster at the annual IOspection of t he Ynjshir divisioD, on D e cemb e r 15th, by Capt. T. E. Ric hard s, Commission e r for the Borough of Rhondda ent r e On D e c e mb <> r 29th, the Mardy Ambulance and Nurs in g, F e rndale Nursing, and Tylorstown Ambuhmce l),vi si o ns wt r l! also insp e ct e d.

News in Brief.

MR. P . o f C wrt y rala, near Cardiff, has again unde rta k e n t o or g anise a Priory ball. It has been decided to hol d it o n Eas t e r Tu esday Last ye ar this ball was qui t e a n outstanding fe ature in the city's social events, and fro m a ll p oints of vie w was a great success.

AI D.-

Medical Comforts Df PJt, and paid a visit to the Priory House Depot on Thursday, loth, to s e e the an:angement and working.

The Priory has appointed a H presentative to advise on provision of first aid requisites in accordance wi th the requirement of the Workmen's Compensation Act.

Reviews.

"THE NURSING MIRROR" POCKET ENCYCLOP JE DIA AND DIARY FOR 1924.

London: -The Scientific Press Ltd. (Prz're IS. 6d. nel; by post IS. 3d .)

This most useful annual publication, now in its seventeenth year, has in the past proved indispensable to nurses and midwives for whose benefit it was originally brought out as a ready reference guide. In its present extended and thoroughly revised form it will be even more useful.

Arranged alphabetically and illustrated profusely, it possesses also a complete index so that any desired fact can be looked up rapidly. It were impossible to define the exact ran g e of the book, since it sets out everytbing a nurse should (or would like to) know not only with reference to her own work but also to many contiguous subjects, such as First-Aid, d ispensing &c. Replete with many practical hints in the actual conduct of nursing, the usefulness of the book is enhanced by the addition of a brief diary for the curren t year.

THE BOYS BRIGADE AMBULANCE HAND-BOOK By A. E. C.B.E., F.R.C.S. London :- 34 Paternoster Row. (P r i ce IS .)

(

c) Give the signs and symptoms of a simple fracture of the Femur.

(a ) Femur reaches from hip to knee joint.

Shaft is stout, round and arches forward.

Upper ends presents a rounded head, supported on a neck.

Projects inwards to fit in socket of hip joint.

(b) May be broken at its neck.

Anywhere in the shaft.

Or close the knee.

Fractured neck most likely in old people.

(

c ) Pain at or near seat of fracture.

Loss of power in the limb.

Patient when lying unable to raise heel from ground.

Swelling about the seat of fracture renders it difficult to perceive other signs.

Deformity of limb, unnatural position, m ishapen at seatcontracting muscles.

Cause broken ends to over-ride-shorting from t in. to 3 in.

Irregularity of bone, if close to skin fracture may be felt.

Unnatural mobility movement may be made out at seat of fracture.

Crepitus or bony grating may be felt or heard when broken ends move one upon the other.

Marks on clothing or skin; snap of bone may have been heard or felt.

Promptness.

Commander Dickenson congratulated the Division on their smart appearance, the increase of Reserve members, and upon the fxceptional ff ature that eighteen out of the nineteen had made themselves dficient probationery members for the year 1923. which he remarked, W3.S an excellent record and higher than that held by any other Reserv e Division in country.

It is very gratifying to know that the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have written a letter of appreciation to the Chief Corn missioner of the Brigade thanking him for valuable assistance given in the administr ation of the Reserve.

GLAMORGANSHIRE CENTRE.

The Duffryn Yard Ambulance Class have organised an annual competition with the obj ect of infusing gr e at e r interest in the work. The first contest was held on December 9th, when Dr. H. T. Frederick of Aberavon adjudicated.

The members of the Kenfig Hill Ambulance Division, under the direction of Mr. Norman Hopkins. the Divisional Secretary, arranged a pleasant event on Saturday, 15th December, when a social and presentation of awards was held. There was a large gathering of members and friends and in the absenCe of Mr. George Knoll, J.p , the chair was taken by Councillor J enkin Jones who was supported by Dr. J. Welford Cooper and Councillor D. H. Price. The Chairman in complimenting the students on their continued success, referred to two nursing members

T he e xe cutiv e committee of the Priory will discuss at its n px t m ee ting th e propo s :d international ambulance compe t itio n fo r min e rs

A mod e l ambulance car has been added to the PriOl y's fl ed Th e body is well built and splendidly ventilate d, fitt ed with heatir,g and lightine, and a first aid cabi n e t co ntaining the usual outfit and everything necessary to m a k e p ati e nts u<; c o mfortabl e as possible, a re carried on boar d Th e str e tch e r is sp e cially designed to minimise the e ffe ct of the bad roads. This had been adopted as a st mdard typ e and any further c Irs added to the service wi ll be similarly built.

Th e Sk e wen Ambulance Division have erected a hall whi c h is to b e us e d ac; a divisional headquarters.

The Pri::>ry is grateful to Mrs. Brain of Cwrt-y·rala, for th e g ift of a water-bed for the Medical Comforts Depot a Priory House.

Miss Janet Roberts of Portmadoc has made a of 5 guineas to the Medical Comfort Depot e stablish e d at Portmadoc. This depot which is controlled b y Mrs. C. E. Br e ese on behalf of th e Priory, is serving a ve ry large area, and Miss Roberts' generosity will enable t he stock to be e nlarged.

Some ambulance and nursing officers of the Cynon V alley Corps are considering the establishment of a

Ambulance Hand-Book for the Boys) Br igade is a well-wn.tten and us.eful but unf?rtunately it goes further IDto the detaIls of phYSIology than IS necessary and is spoiled by some errors of omission (such as absence of index and of diagrams showing the various methods of art ificial respiration ) and of commission (such as the advice to use silver nitrate for Bites of Mad Dogs and to start with Silvester's Method in cases of Drowning ) There are other errors; and we note further that the author wobbles in his spelling of the name H Silvester" which in several instances he mis-spells " Sylvester."

In are of that the book, useful as it is, could be conSIderably and rendered more practical by the ellmmatlon of much unnecessary detail for wh Ich boys can have no need and that it could be revised with advantage.

" Income Tax made easy for Everyone " by T. Howard Coath (Simpkins, Mariihall & Co. Ltd., 2S.) is a m::lst useful and necessary book for all pay our burdensome taX ES.

Many experiments have been undertaken to find the organism which causes the "common cold," and it is thought to belong to the group of filter-passing viruses. Colonel Foster, U.S.A. Medical Corps, found minute" globoid bodies" in his cultures, which he looked upon as the probable infective agent.

AID.-

fetters to the &ditor.

We are t" "0 way rest6 sible tor tile opi"io"s expressed, or the sfateme"ts made, b, Conespondcuts.-EDITOR.

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION TO A DOG.

D l..\ R SIR,-

In your August issue of "FIR T AID " I note Barrowclough seeks information on the subject of ArtIficIal Respiration to animals. Perhaps my experience may be useful to him. I enclose Press account of my efforts for your perusal. I may explain the pool of water was his drinking water he had evidently knocked over.

I took him down to my workshop at the bottom of the garden, laid him on a sack, and imm.ediately art ificial respiration, by lay i ng him on hIS ba c k and out Sylvesters method in the same 8.S one With a human being-when he began to reVIve, I a good rubbing with a rough bath towel thoroughly drY Ing h Im, t.hen went on with artifi cial respiration to the time he was breathlOg, when he began to breathe normal I took him into the house, wrapped hin: in an army blanket, then made him a good hot basin of tea with plenty of sugar (of whICh he was very fond ), after he h a d fully re c overed he was paralysed for two da y s 10 the back legs-but finally re covered from that, and to-day he is as fine a rdr iever dog as you would wish to see. - Yours et ::: ., J. W. B A LEY.

FIRST AID MNEl\10 TICS.

D EAR S IR ,-

Thinking that the followin g mnemonics may be useful to some of your readers, I beg t? them..

I. Some points to be notI ced 10 connectIOn With an Injured or sick person. All be gi n with the letter" P ."

P osit ion (of patient )

Pulse.

P upils.

Pharyn x (exam ination of throat ).

Pa llor.

Persp irat ion.

P ockets (for clue s , address etc. )

Pa ralysis.

P ressure (of t ig ht cloth in g)

Pa in (seat of).

P revious c ond ition of pat ient.

Pulsat io ns (abnor m al )

2 Some c auses of un con sc iou s ne ss. The vowe ls of the a lphabet.

A .-Apople x y

E.-Epilepsy.

I.-In j ury to head.

O. - Opium or other poison (Alcohol etc. )

U.-Uraemia.

3 Rules for treatment of fr a': tures. Be g in with letter" S ."

Spot. Attend to patient on.

Spurting. Attend to h x morrhage

S teady injured l i mb.

Support injured limb.

Shelter to be provided.

S trai g hten limb.

Spl ints a nd bandages to be appl ied.

S uspicious ca ses. Treat as fra c t'lre.

Yours faithfully, VE RNON-A -NEW TO N.

O U R STORES DEPARTMENT.

D EA R S IR ,I think it is time that somebody vOIced the hIgh apprecIation, felt by many, of the work of the Department at.th.e "Gate." Although you may deem my praise very belated, It IS none the less sin cere. Ha vi ng for some time been responsible for the purchase of a va s t amount of drugs, dressings, and

January, 1924

equipment from our Headquarters in London, it gives me pleasure to bear this quite unsoli c ited to the and promptitude of Morgan a.nd staff, and to the hIgh quality of the guods Issued It IS qUIte poss Ible that ma ny Association officials are at present, ltke myself, absolutely Inundated with requests for ad vic e in out the variou s provisions of the Workmen s CompensatIOn Act. May I strongly urge all su c h to keep in tou c h w th Ord':!r s Director of Stores ? My experience IS that by so d OlO g it is poss ible to g ive local Cent r es a power and in th e industrial life of their areas, that Will surpass even theIr ma s optimisti c dreams.

lI ED L EY V. :'II LLE H Centre Se c retary and D ire c tor of Ambulan ce Service.

Plymouth Centre, St. John Ambulan c e Asso c iat ion

RESIG ATION OF DAME OLIYER.

DE AR SIR,-

It is with t) re a t re g ret th a t I n o ice .re s lg n a ion of Dame B er yl Oliver from the S.J.A .B. a nd feel It IS only due, after t he many years of arduous work that she has spent for the welfare of all the Ambulan c e S isters, that some little e x press ion of reo slJect and admiration should be c on ve y ed to her Prob a bly fe w members of the Br igade reali se how mu c h of the pre s e nt effi c iency of the ambul a n ce is due to ener g y and untiring devot ion, and I as a la te a m bu la n c e a m ever g rateful to her for the d isc ipl ine wh ic h she nst tl le d into me some years before the war a nd wh ic h was of suc h use d u ring that tIme. I am sure that I am vo ici n g the feel ing s o f a great number of members of the Br iga de an d al s o o f the St Jo hn Ambul a nce A sso c iat ion when I exp res s onc e more the re gret we sh a ll feel at los in g her insp irin g presen c e , and I am s u re that wherever her energy may take her in the future, those who c orne in contact with he r wi ll reap the benefit, a nd I ho pe that every suc c ess may follow her Yours fa ithfull y, " A late Ambul a n c e S is ter .'

A Crippled Ipswich Good Samaritan

THE days of chivalry ar e ev e n ye t s ill with us A very kindly a ction was to b e witn e ssed in I p swich , durin g t he s harp frosts e xp e rienc e d one night during this month. A gentleman, who was evid e ntly a st r anger to th e l o wn, h ad the misfortune to slip down and dislocate his kn e ec ap. The usual crowd of onl o okers quickly coll e ct e d a round to watch but no to assist. Pr e sently a crippled ex-soldi er hobbled up with the aid of a walking-s tick, and, elbowed his way through the crowd, realIsed the necessIt y for prompt action. It required but a moment's consider ation to see that th e s e am of the patient's trouser leg cou ld be slit up to the s e at of injury Having done thi s he very thoughtfully and unselfishly removed the roller bandage from his own leg, and having steeped the in cold water close at hand, the injured limb was securely bandaged. A passing 'bus was then hailed, and th .:: sufferer assisted to mount. "You are very kind," remarked the injured ont'o "M a y I inquire your name ?"

16 Don't mention it, " came the prompt reply , " but do th e same for me should I ever need it. " The bus -conductor' s cheery salute and "Good-ni g ht Sergeant V.c., " however, gave the game away. This gallant kno wledge of First Aid work undoubtedly saved hIS own hfe when, under v el y different circumstances, he pluckily placed a tourniquet on his wounded limb during the Battle of Loos. Whilst chivalrous actions similar recorded here earned for him a nation's gr a titud e , together with the highest honour it could bestow, namely, the Victoria Cross.

January, 19 2 4 .

First Aid with the Ceylon Police.

WE have read with gr e at interest the annual r e port of the Ce ylon Police Cor p s of the St. John Ambul a nce Brigade, a nd note with pl e asure that th e Corps has increased from 132 m e mbers in 1912 to 7 9 7 members in 1923 That t h e re is ampl e scope for this work is evid e nt from the I nspect o r G e neral's r e port, which states that (r) that in the ye ar 1922 th e re we re 260 cases uf homicide and attempt e d h omicid e, 71 8 cas e s of gri e vous hurt, and J ,097 cases of h urt with dang e r o us we apons committ e d in the Colony ; a nd ( 2) that th e Corps possess e s IS whe e led ambulanc e s, 22 0 str e tchers and 300 First-Aid and hampers.

Every officer, inspector, sub -ins p ector and sergeant is req uir e d to hold a First-A i d certificat e. No const a ble is prJ m o te d u nt il h e h a s obtain e d h is c ertificate. A certain nu mber of inte lli ge nt c o nstables hold certificates whilst the re maind e r ar e train e d to act under officers qualified &c , in FIr st Aid, of who!TI there is always at le ast one in every police sta ti on in C e ylon. S e rgeants and c Jnstables, a fter thre e yea rs' effic ie nt s e rv ic e , awarded a special grant of Rs. IO per an n um wh ic h th e y continu e to draw provid e d th e y rema in \I Jfi ci e nt " in accordance with Brigad e Regulatio ns.

B efo re Fi rs t Ai d wa s tak e n up by the police in 1 9 I2 cases use d fr eq u e nt ly t o ha p p e n in which the injured man bled t o d eat h on th e sc e ne of a cc id e nt or stabbing or in the lon g carl -Jo urn e y to hospital - for lack of attention ! Th rou g h fea r or sup e rstition there was a g e n eral disinclinatIO n on th e part of th e vill age rs or bystanders to attempt any rou g h sur gi c a att e nti o n, such as control o f bleeding. This be in g th e univ e rs a l a ttitud e of the natives, it was ve ry

AI D.-

di fficult to ind uce m e n of the Police Forc e to realise that prompt action could sav e lifp and that it was the duty of every individual -a nd more particularly of a Police Officer -to go to the hel p of an injur e d man The main o bject, th e refore, in s tarting regular and syst em ltic instruction of the Polic e in First Aid was to keep this sense of duty promine'1tly befor e all ranks of the Force.

Instruction in ambulance work has had not only a practical but also a moral effect in intimating to Police of all ranks th e i r duty towards their n eighbours, and it has brought about good b e tween Polic e and villagers. When a constable cam e to a village he usually did so to arrest an offend er and was r e garded as the common enemy. To -day good relation s Police and the public obtain because in j ured r ec e iv e attention and attempts are at all times made to save life and mitigat e suffering. Indeed, in many ar e as th e villagers come to the Police St a tion for treatment in all cas e s of hurt before going to hospital, e ,pecially wh e n the hospital is a few mil e s away

Much of the credit for the success of the Ceylon Police Corps is du e to its enthusiastic Insp e ctor-General ( Mr. H. L. Dowbiggin ), who, when horne on leave last year, made it his business to seek th e ad vice of experts in ambulance work in this country. Consequently, a n outstanding fe ature of this year's Annu a l Competition was that for the first tim e the di a gnoses of th e test-cas ? s were not disclosed, and competitors were only su p plied with h i st o ry, signs and symptoms from which they had to arrive at their own conclusions and, further, all the t e st-cas e s had to be with improvis e d appara t us such as, in poin t of fact, mIght hav e been available at th e p lace of e ach supposed em e rgency.

The highly favourable c o mm e nts of the Judges on the

Restores

•

In and preserves fatigue health

Members of the St John Ambulance Brigade and all those who engage in First Aid work realise that there is nothing to equal a cup of delicious II Ovaltine ". for restoring and preventing fatigue . It is invaluable when long hours have to be worked under unfavourable weather conditions.

Containing the recuperative and restorat ve elements of ripe I barley malt, creamy m ilk fresh eggs and cocoa , one cup of Ovaltine " suppl ies more nour ishment than 12 cups of beef extract 3 eggs or 7 cups of cocoa.

Taken regularly Oval t ine " gives and mainta ins health ana strength. It should be the daily beverage for everyone in place of tea coffee and other beverages which are merely stimulants.

OVALTINE T0]IC,..fOOOSLVERAGE

Builds-up Brain, nerve and Sold by Chemists a n d Store s at I/6 , 2,6 and 1-'6 .It is ,;coll oJlliu/, ! to i>lIrc/lase the larger s 7-:;cd l ill s A. WANDER, Ltd., 45, Cowcross St., London, E.C.I.

-FIRST

work accomplished in the Competition was a pleasing tribute to the enthusiasm of the men and the excellent training provided by their officers and instructors.

The report clOS eS with interesting statements of Clses actually treated in 1923 Thus, a visitor to the Island was discovered suffering from the effects of an overdose of morphia The doctor pronounced the case hopeless but suggested artificial respiration. The police officer realised at once that the key to th e situation was the immediate organisation of a system of reliefs, as there is nothing more exha usting thr.n the continuous rendering of artificial respiration to an almost life less patient. The efforts of the Police Squad prolonged the patient's life for thirty-four hours (a record which beats that established early this year and reported in FIRST AID, in which Brigade mem bers kept life for 14 hours in afoot blller sufferi ng from fractured spine); and, had the pltient's natural pow e rs of resistance been greater, he would without doubt have surviv ed, as he made several coherent state ments during the following day.

No less than 25 teams competed for the InspectorGeneral's Cup, which was won by the Kandy Police for the third year in succession. The Annual Insprction of the Corps was held in Colombo on October 3rd by His Excellency Sir \y, H. Manning, G.C.M,G.; and there were present on parade no less than 347 officers and men. Demonstrations of First Aid were given by members, and special attention was paid to the efficient performance of Schafer's method of artificial respiration, Amongst the various awards presented at the Inspection it is interesting to note that two members received Testimonials from the Royal Humane Society for" gallant and prompt action in s aving life from drowning."

In conclusion, we know that we voice the fe e lings of relders of FIRST AID when we. congratulate the Ceylon Pulice Corps on their most excellent report and wish them "God speej" in th e good work S1 willingly and so efficiently undertak en by th em.

3lractical Sloints.

The Editor invites Notes on actual Cases-with speciat relerence to good and bad f;oints in 1reatment-for inclusion in this Column.

RESCUE FROM DRO WNING.

The valu e of " perseverance" in an emergency was well illustrated last summer when a young woman, a member of a mIxed bathing party, was seen to sink suddenly while swimming across a river. Some men of the party immediately dived in but failed to locate the woman, who was only brought to the surface some twenty minutes later after a boat had been procured and the river dragged.

Artificial respiration by Schafer's Method was forthwith started and carri ed on persistently for half-an-hour before the woman gave signs of returning consciousness. Five minutes later she recovered full consciousness and was removed in recumbent position by motor-car to the local infirmary where she was admitted as in-patient and ultimately made an uninterrupted recovery.--M. R., C'lnnon St.

RE

SCUE FROM DEATH.

The value of" resourcefulness " in an emergency was shown recently by a motor-cyclist who, at the risk of his life, sa ved a child from certain death. A big touring car was going quickly out of a provincial town and the motor-cyclist was following.

AI D.- January, 1924.

Suddenly a little girl ran into the road in front of the car, became frightened and stopped dead in the roadway. The car could not be pulled up, although the brakes were at once applied: but the motor-cyclist, seeing the girl's peril immed ately raced past the car, crossed in front of it, and ; leaning flom the saddle, p ick ed her up and rode on with her until out of danger. When he was pla cing the child down, the motor-cycle skidded and the cyclist was thrown over the handlebars. Fortunately, however, he escaped all injury and was able to re-mount his machine and to ride away after he had completed h is gallant and resourceful action by handing the child, safe and sound, to her grateful parents.-L. R., Charlton Park,

euet'ies and J\nswet's to eot't'espondents.

2ueries flJi/l be dealt flJith under the /olloflJing ru les :r .-Letters contain/nl, Queries must be marked on the top lelt kan a corner 01 the envelope "Query," and addresud-FIRST AID , ".6, Cannon-street, E.C'4· :J.-A II Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut /1'0" the current issue 01 the Journal, or in case 01 Queries from abroar Irom a recent issue.

-The Textbook, to which relerence may be made in these columns is the 36th (I920) Edition 01 S.J,A.A. Manual of First-Aid, CYANIDE GAUZE A D IODlN E, A C. (S heffield ) :- I am told that cyanide ( mer c ury and zinc , gauze, when applied over a wound which has been painte d with Tincture of Iodine, increases the irritant properties of Iodine, Please teJl me if this is so, Also, is it wise to ,/ use this combination of dressings or should the gauze be applied dry?

Yo ur informat ion is correct. Cyanide gauze, therefore may safely be applied as a " dry dressing)) to a wound; but it should not be used on a wound which has been treated with Iodine.-N. CORBET FLETCHER.

EXA )I INATION HOW LER,

W. B. (Stock port ) :-At a recent examination a well·known examiner, with a look of innocence, asked a candIdate how he would remove a fore ign body from a patient's e ar v channel. He almost collapsed with laughing, however , when he received this equally innocent, though incorrect, reply-" Indu ce sneezing by pepper or s1Zuff·' "

Good! Next, please! !-N,C.F

T EST FOR CARBON D lUXfDE.

E. D (C roydon ): -I have been reading your most instructi ve C07Jwzon Errors in First Aid, and I presume that the tes t of the lighted cand le and its extinguishment refers to Carbon Diox id e and not Monoxide gas, Am I correct?

Yes.-N.C.F.

FRA CTURES OF AND SCAPULA.

H. A. ( Irthlingboro ) :-Wh en treating simple fractures of clavicle and left scapula, we first fix the left scapula With a broad bandage tied off in front of opposite armpit, and then fix the fractured right collarbone with a bandage and pad. We then put the left arm in a bandage and treat as for broken collarbone so as to prevent patient moving hi s arms. Doctors differ in their treatment. Please advise.

I regret that I cannot understand your description of the method advocated by you for treatment of this combination of fractures. For myself, I should be disposed to treat such a case by encircling each armpit with a bandage and then by

January, 19 1 4. - FIR S T tying these two firmly with another band ag e across the scapulcc (as was ongmally suggested in Textbook for fractures of both clavicles). I should then apply a broad bandage round pat ient's body and elbows, to keep elbows back and also to serve as support for patient's hands and forearms in front.-N.C.F.

FRACTURE OF TI P OF ELBOW.

S. G. ( fracture of tip of elbow (olecranon) I usually Illstruct my class to apply a splint from armpit to palm, with figure-of-eight bandage round elbow to control fracture and with narrow bandages round humerus and to cont rol splint. Also r tie off my knots on outSIde of 11mb .on the flesh, because in this position they can be more easily reached. Am r correct, please?

The verdict depends on what you regard as the standard of correctness It you are working on the S.J.A,A. Manual, th en you are wrong, because this fra cture belongs to the group of" fractures involving elbow joint" and should be treated as laid down on p. 59.

, If\ however, you are working on the B.R.C .S, Manual, your splm IS longer than necessary, since it need only reach from middl e of arm to wrist and should be pa dded. As for the posi tion knots, the B,R.C.S. Ma nual treats a fracture of olec ranon In the same way as a (ra ctu re of patella-with which our !'1anual approves the knots being placed on the clothing on SIde of 11mb opposIte to splint.-N.C, F.

FR,\CTURE INVOLVI G ELBOW-JOINT.

S, G, (:'1 applying a rectangular splInt on Inner SIde of elbow ·JOint, gIv e instructions that knots should be applIed on flesh, for the same reason: As the gIves no definite instructions on the pOInt, please tell me If my method is corr ect.

the Textbook undoubtedly instructs you as a general rule to tIe off k.nots on the splint. yet the example of the fractured patella, Just quoted, seems to justify your contention ereept that, of course, the knots should be tied on the clothing' and not" on flesh,"- T.C.F.

S T JOH SLIN G

M, C. ,(C roydon ).- Please tell us if t he body-bandage, deSCribed on p. ,5.6 of the Textbook, IS an essential part of the S,t. 1.0hn Sling, and so settle a disp Ite among us. Your verdIct IS final.

.No body-bandage, described in paragraph 4 on p. 56, IS to the treatment of a Fractured Clavicle, becaus e It serves to keep the elbow well back. The description of the St. John Sling, however, is complete m the preceding parag raph.- .C, F.

ilRIGADE URSING BADGE.

J.E.G. if John .men who obta ined first class nursing strIpes. dUrIng servIce WIth the colours are eligible to wear a nurSIng star on the St. John uniform.

Para 10, Gen eral Rules, p, 4T, Brigade Regulations (19 1 3) prov.l des for a nursing badge to be worn by :nen only who have obta ined nursing of the S.J.A.A. Only those b ba.dges are permItted by the regulations may be worn on ngade unlform.-Ed. "F, A."

TREATl\lENT OF ABDOMINAL WOUND ,

M.A. (Brix ton). -Wit h an Abdominal Wound(bowel protruding) the (p, 118) teaches us to apply" lint wrung out of bOllmg water every two or three minutes so as not to be allowed to. get c.o ld. ". this mean that, if we had to carry a patient With thIS Injury on a stretcher some distance to or should have to stop" every two or three mmutes for thIS purpose? Please advise.

( Heaven forbid! As a fact the instruction is a foolish one "a su.rvlvor of some fifteen howlers in the Textbook as originally reVIsed "), because a fomentation, properly applied, should

keep warm for 2 or 3 hours at least and because the frequent exposure of wound necessary for this step would aggravate shock most unjustifiably while it delayed in deplorable fashion the removal of patient to home or hospital.- N.C. F.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In II PRESCRIPTION READINC" and II ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once.

A member or S.J.A.B. writes :_IC I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T.B.)

Special terms now-half fees-to members of S.J.A.B., &c. App!y (stamp) to MIL J: E. W A.LDBN, Sec., Westminster College (Lady Dispenser Section of the Westmmster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 1814) 112, St. George'. Road, Southwark, London.

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AID. - January, 1924

MANU ALS OF FIRST-AID, &C.,

By N. CORBET PLETCHER, M.B., B.C., B.A.(Cantllb), M.R.C. S.

Now READY.

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AIDS TO HOME-NURSING.

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WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID.

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Third Editi on. 6d. net each; postage 2d. extra. HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS.

NOTICE TO READERS.

F IRST AID Is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being th e advancement OJ Ambulance Work in all its branches, the Editor Invites Readers to send Articles and Repo rts on subje c ts pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes ;uggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports. &c.• should be addressed to the Editor, and should reach him before the J2th of each month, and must be accompanied (not necessar£ly For pu blication ) by the name and address of the Correspo ndent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications conne cted with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers,

DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 4 6 CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4.

1 elegraphic Address.' "Twentll-/our, London. " 1 tlephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

thus exploited has become a strong influence i,., direct ing into other avenues of work, women who have a leaning toward a Doble profession.

The time has come wh"'n th e welfare of the nurse must re ce ive cognisance, and while we recognise the poss ibility of raising the educational standard, we welcom e a break in the old system of training.

Professional nursing is still in the making, and will ultimately resolve itself to an economic levp] acc ep table to the nurse herself, since she is the first factor in the equation. The young woman of the present is not more selfish than her sister of 50 years ago, she is howev er thoroughly trained to see all round the question of economics, and the probationer demands fair treatment which is her rightful due.

To withhold at this critical period in the history of modern nursing those environmental and educational advantages pointing to her best development, will cause her diversion to less vital avenues of service, a loss of inestimable value to the world at large.

Humour in Ambulance Classes.

A CORRESPONDENT in Wales st:nds us a few jokes that passes in his ambulance class a few weeks ago.

Student to L ectu.rer: Suppose I was on duty in a field and someone drank all my iodine. I have no starch with me, what is the next best thing to do?

Wt't: Make him eat his collar!

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WE are constantly reading in the nursThe Lack of ing press of the shortage of probationers, Proba tioners. and as the Ambul an ce Sisters of the St. J oh n Am bulance Brigade are all possible rec ruit') for the profession, perhaps it is well for us to point out from a lay standpoint, how this shortage a rises. The all too long prevailing pla n of training nurses has been used espe cially by certain types of small hospitals, as an econo mic expedient by which they have been enabled to mani pulate th e annual without deficit. The contin uous p e rformanc e of non-educational types of work such as scouring and scrubbing, long hours of work, poor living con ditions, and the minimum of educational advantage has bee n the lot of the probationer in a certain percentage of the hosp itals of this country. Not infrequently she has qualified after spending three years of valuable time to find her self a phy ical wreck, and her training school registered at ze ro in the professi nal world.

As a result the young woman of serious purpose,

Another Stude nt to L ectu rer: In a case of ? would you recommend me giving the patient my lunch.

Wit: No! Give him his own.

Another Student: When smelling the breath how would I detect? poisoning.

vVit: It smells like broken

L ectu rer: There is a peculiarity between the ankle and wrist, one got seven bones the other got eight. Can you suggest another peculiarity?

wt't: Yes, there is no knee-cap on the elbow. I hope you will give this in the best of spirits?

vVit: Can't sir! Withhold all alcoholic stimulants.

Another Wit I Wrong! The doctor is here.

First ?lti!.· Right (about to collapse) treat for shock.

-FIRST

:The Gnnd 'riorg of the Order of the )<ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Sngland. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

3' he St. John J\mbulanee Srigade. Prince of Wales's Distrkt DISTRICT ORDERS.

COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUVS CATHEDRAL MARCH, 1924.

March 2nd.-No 1 Division St. John's Gate. " IOth.-No. 2 " Haggerston. 17th.-No.4 " Ley ton " 24 th .- No 88 " West Ham.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8. p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

FIRST AID LECTURES TO BRIGADE MEMBERS.

In view of the importance of systematic in First Aid and Home Nursing throughout the District, and the difficulties experienced by some Diyisions in this respect, District Surgeon is prepared to give Courses of. Lectures m First Aid at Head Quarters at an eally date, provided that an adequate response is !o.rt.hcoming. of Ambulance and Nursing DIVISions who wish to avail themselves of this opportunity should at notify.Head Quarters the number of the ir members who wIll take tne course and also state whether any even ings at 6 IS p.m., or Saturday afternoon at 3.30 p m., will be more convenient hour.

BRITISH EMPIRE EXHIBITION.

All applications for this duty during April should be forwarded before March 31St. It is expected that personnel will be required for weeks ending Saturdays April 19th, 26th and May 3rd, On t?e ope?ing day April 23 rd), and f?r the Cup Final In April, extra staff wdl be requlred, Wdl Officers or members in charge of all Divisions please note this, and obtain extra volunteers for those days.

OFFICERS ANNUAL MEETING.

The Annual Meeting of Officers will be held in the Chapter Hall, at St. John 'S Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C. at 3 p,m., on Saturday, March 1St.

Officers desiring to propose any Resolution for the Agenda, should send their copy of it to reach the Commissioner at St. John S Gate, not later than first post February 23rd, 1924.

ANNUAL COMPETITIONS.

I t has already been notified in District Orders that the Annual Competitions will be held on Saturday, May 3rd. Officers and members in charge of divisions should bear in mind that all entries for the competitions must reach St. John's Gate not later than March 3 ISt, 19 24,

ANNUAL CHU RCH PARADE.

Officers and members in charge of divisions are informed that arrangements have been made for the Annual Church Parade to be held on Sunday, June 22nd, I is hoped that as many members as possible will attend, Further particulars will be issued later.

CHANGE OF HEADQUARTERS.

Offi c ers and members in charge of ambulance and nursing diviSions are in formed that the district headquarters office has removed to a suite of rooms next door to the Gate, at No 28 St. John's Square. The official address will still remain the same, viz, St. John s Gate, Clerkenwe,lI, E.,C J. officer coming to headquarters after 6 p.m, gam admittance by ringing the bell at the outer door, which has to be kept shut after that hour.

AID.- February, 1924

ANNUAL RETURNS.

With reference to D.O,645, which states that tJ.ll Annual Returns of ambulance divisions must be sent to the officer in charge of the area to which the it is noted that some divisions are not complymg With thIS request. The Commissioner will be glad if those officers who have not yet sent in their Annual Returns will do so without delay, but they must be sent to their area officer and not to headquarten. Nursing divisions should forward their returns. t(!) the lady district supt. Divisions unable to complete their full returns should send figures at once by return of post showing thfi strength of their diyision.

(Signed) W. H, WINNY, CommisJloner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending new s paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publ ication of the newspapers.-EDlTOR.

N0. 9 (ROYAL BOROUGH OF KENSINGTON) DI VISlON,-Col. G. A. Moore, C,M.G" D,S.O" Deputy Chief Commissioner of the brigade will give a series of first aid lectures to women on Thursdays, beginning February 28th, at 3,30 p , m. at St. Peter's Church Room, Cranley Gardens, S.\V,7· Particulars on application to J\lrs. Port er, 16, De Vere Mansions West, ')4, De Vere Gardens, \V,

No. 2 District.

BOURNDlouTH.-The M edi cal Supply Depot has been the chief work of the Nursing Division during 1923. It is gratifying to the nurses the and Divisions to hear on all Sides how much their voluntary work 10 th is direction is appreciated in the place, Over 350 applications for invalid requisitei have now been dealt with. The Uep ot is open eve ry week·day from :2 30 to 3-3 0 with a nurse in charg e.

The expend itur e on rent and gas is entirely defrayed by the small charges made for hiring the articles and an annual Jumble Sale.

Members of the Nursing Division are now so much impressed by the need of a Motor Ambulance for the town that they are do ing their utmost to help th8 men's Ambulance Division to raise the necessary sum of money. The Motor Ambulance is to be staffed by members uf the Ambulance an:l Nursing Divisions.

GUILDFORD.-At the annual meeting of the Division held on January 15th Divisional Supt. Rutter reported that the past year had been 8. very happy and eventful one for the division, They had secured at last their headquarters, and the first time they had won a competitIOn cup. A very fnendl y feeling existed between the various ranks in general effi ci ency of which had been well mamtalDed, and lD many ways improved. The division was indebted to members who had given their time to the many calls for publl c duty, The number of motor transport cases dealt with w,as within four of last year, in spite of Godalming now hav ng ItS own ambulance. The old horse ambulance that was loved by so many of them had at last been sold, after having given 30 years' service. The smaller was f?r and a fine Napier was under constructIOn for dellvery thiS

During the year 428 invalid transport cases were dealt With, 3 T urgent accident cases and 54 patient5lVere moved from room tel room in nursing homes and in their own homes, In 14 members had sat up with restive cases at the County HOSpital. Sixty-one minor accidents were dealt with by membf'rs on duty, and 146 by members when not on duty, The transport work had demanded 1,597 hours of members' time, excluding drivers ; &nd the total m il es driven by the two ambulances was 6,141. The Divisional Treasurer reported that there was a clear balance of about £60 in hand. Last year J"26 subscribers gave £ 12 5 2S. 3d. It was hoped to raise the whole of the £750 to £200 needed for the new ambulance.

February, 1924, -FIRST

HENLEY.- The thirteenth annual general meeting of the division was held at Trinity Hal! on Monday,7th January, a good number of members bemg present.

1n the course of the past year 28 practices have been held and, members have on public duty on 34 occasions. DUrln.g the as m prevIous years, an ambulance tent was pitched lD the meadows and twelve cases were treated there while in the last three years members of the Division have dealt wit h some 170 cases.

Financially the position ?f this Division is satisfactory: th e accounts show a balance ?and of over £30. This will ena.ble a for ,the provIsion of first aiel appliances in vari ous readdy acceSSible places about the town to be carried out at an early date and also the gradual re-uniforming of the Division to be continued.

WINDSOR,- The annual competition for the challenge cup pres ented by .Supt. E, J, Rogers tOOl< place on January 19 th Supt. H. and Officer Bartingale, of the 1 own acted as judge and timekeeper respectJ\·ely. A splendid lest was set, and Lance-Colporal \V. A Mander was declared the winner.

No. 4 District.

MlDDLETO:--;.-At a social gathering held on F ebruary 1St the" Lees 'J shield and medal was presented to M by MISS Kay the best individual work in the nursing dlYlslon ; also occasIon ""as taken by the l\1ayor to the brigade long service medal to Corpl. T. Sharples who also possess es the ,A S. B, Reserve long service decoration. Dr. Clegg Newton (hon, surgeon) presided over the gathering,

ROCIIDALE,- The Cadets, both boys and girls, of the Rochdale bran,ch of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, have been busy the Ne.w Year holida y time distributing contalnlDg toys, frUlt, and swee ts t o poor sick chJ!dr en 1D are visited by the Rochdale District urslOg ASSOCiation, About sixteen calls were made during C hristmas Day and Ne w Year's Day.

The Cadets themselves assisted to purchase the contents of the parcels by voluntarily small su m s at intervals preceding Chnstmas.

No. 5 District.

The Sergeants of No, 5 District held their annual dinner and meeling at the Flying Horse Hotel, Nottingham, on Saturday, February 2nd.

The attendance was good, but owing to the recent railway strike many could not be present.

Reprec; enta tiv es were present from the following Corps and DiVisions :-

Denaby Main, Sheffield, Heanor, \Vhitwell Sutton-inAshfield, Retford, Mansfield, Shirebrook, Colliery, Goole and Notti ngham.

The meeting was held under the presidency of SergeantMajor Moseley (D enaby ), support.ed by Sergeant-Major Beasley (Sh effield ), and Sergeant-Major Lowendon ( Nottingham).

Offic.ers for the current year were appointed as follows :_

PreSident, Sergeant· Major Moseley ( Denaby ) Treasurer, Staff-Sergeant \Voodcock (Mansfield). Secretary, Sergeant F. Fowler (W orsop Colliery).

T,he meeting was followed by a successful smoking concert 1D which Sergeant-Major's Moseley and Lowendow, Messrs. W Towle, Clarendon, and W. Prince took part.

Armleyand ':¥ortley.- The annual report ot the Division for the year endmg December, 1923, is of an encouraging natur e, although the balance in hand is a small one, this is acco unted for by the large sum expended in supplying uniforms and During year the members have performed duty at publiC sport,s, and it is .satisfactory re.cord that thiS effiCient service IS belOg appreciated in the distriC t.

AID.- 17 1

LONG EATON.-Divisional Supt. G, Bird was publicily presented with the Vellum vote of thanks of the Order on the occasion of the annual meeting of the Division held on January 21st. Mr, Bird has been associated with ambulance work in the district for the last 19 years and has been instrumental in forming many classes and encouraging the work gen.eraJly. The DIVISion now has a membership of 23 and has dUring the year attended 20 public funct ions and its members have rendered first aid in 75 cases.

LINCGLN .- The annual meeting of the corps was held on January 10th at the headquarters of the County Centre Danesgate.

The number of cases attended on and off duty have been well over 7,000. There have been 4Z drills and practices, and

Designed by J [E. I. Rackwit:; "THE LADY OF THE LAMP"-H ER I1\ FLUE NCE IS HER E.

of 114 candidates examined all have passed. "A" Division has 47 "B" D.ivision 5 r, Nursing Division 16, and Cadets DIVISion 52, making the total strength 166. Four hold the Long Service Medals.

The services of the Brigade has greatly mcreased, no fewer. than 1,661 miles bemg covered in the removal of 50 cases the year. One journey was of 200 miles.

Lectures have been given by Dr. Coleman, Dr. Dalgleish, Corps Surgeon Dr. Glegg, and Mr. Kershaw. Keen interest has a prominent feature among old members and a hke SpIrIt seems to permeate the new sections of Cadets.

-FIRST No. 6 District.

CONSETT.-A two days' bazaar was held at Consett on the 12th and 13th ulto, to raise funds for the erection of headquarters for the local ambulance and nursing divisions and for a garage for the motor ambula nce.

The promoters have already acquired a suitable site, and plans have been prepared for the erection, which will cost something like £2,000. Mr. J. R. Bolam acted as Secretary for the bazaar, and his efforts were seconded by Corps Supt. P . Cameron and Divisional Supt. 'V . A. Bidwell.

WHARFDALE.-NearlY700 people attended the whist drive and dance held at the Ki ng s Hall, llkley on January 29th.

The Rt. Hon. Robinia, Viscountess Mountgarret,O.B.E.

Lady of Grace of the Ord er of St. John of Jerusalem, presented the prizes to the whist drive winners, and also presented over 100 prizes which had been won in connection with a baIlot for which tickets had been sold for some weeks before the event. General Mends, of York, Knight of Grace, was also associated with the event, whilst amongst others present, in addition to Mrs. VY. H. Arnold·Forster, of Burley, who was responsible for the organisation, were Mr. J. R. Cross, D. L., Knight of Grace, f'lliss Cudworth, Lady of Grace, and Lady Nora More.

Mrs. Arnold-Forster, in introducing Lady Mountgarret, explained that the idea of the event had been to revive interest in ambulance work, and secondly to raise funds. After the contribution to headquarters had been made the balance would be divided amongst 1he different St. J obn Associations in No.6 district. They hoped as a result of that evening that a great many ladies and g entlemen would join the classes, and tbat if they held another dance of that kind they would have even more in uniform. The prizes given that night had all been given voluntarily, and not a single person whom she had asked for a prize had refused ber.

Lady Mountgarret recalled tbe origin of the Order of St. John said they would all do their best to help forward the War Office Scheme for V.A. D.'s

Mr. J. R. Cross, in proposing a vote of thanks to Mrs. Arnold-Forster, Lady M oun garret and all workers and donors, saId he had always had a great adm ira tion for the judgment of the Lord-Lieutenant of this Riding, and in appointing Mrs. Arnold·Forster to preside over No.6 D istrict he thought the Lord-Lieutenant had shown wonderfully grod judgment.

As a result of the function about £ I 90 will go to the funds.

WHITBY.-Assistant-Commissioner F. P. Wilson, after the annual inspection at Whitby, gave an address of commendation and encoura gem ent to the members on parade. He was especially pleased to corne to small divisions like Whitby, as he was only just beginning to appreciate the difficulties which had to be overcome in keeping the interest of the members and in getting recruits in places so far removed from other divisions. There was not the social intercourse and exchange of ideas which was possible in the larger towns, but the work was just as important and often more difficult, as it sometimes had to be done by individ uals instead of by squads of men.

That this work was being done successfully was shown by the past year's records, and he believed the public would continue t() recognise their efforts . They, as members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, belonged to an Order more than a thousand years old; that was something to be proud of. A tale was told of a Scotsman who had" an awfu' conceit of hissel'." Well, he thought as members of this ancient Order they had some right to feel a certain amount of conceit. The class of man who would spend a good deal of time and money learn ing first-aid and ambulance work, which brought no reward and often a great deal of inconvenience, was bound to be a good type of fellow. They had an excellent comradeship among the Brigade members, and he was proud to be classed with them. In small div isions in isolated districts, interest had to be stimulated by the excellence of the work rather than by outs de show, and he believed that they were doing much necessary and valuable work in assisting the sick and the suffering, and the people of Whitby and district were no doubt proud of them

AI

No. 10 District.

I PSWICH.-The committee were recently faced with the problem of having to provide more suitable and efficient transport for the injured in the town and surrounding district, the heavy demands being too much for the old chassis. A special sub-committee was formed to consider the best course to be adopted. Thanks to the untiring efforts of the Commissioner (Major J. F. C. Hossal k ), backed by the Distr ict Surgeon ( Dr. W. Fryer), Councillor T. Parkington and the Transport Officer (District Officer A. C. Hill ), a new motor ambulance has been obtained.

The new turn·out consists of a well-sprung Ruston and Hornsby chassis of the latest design, to whi c h is fitted a Dorman engine, rated at 15'9 horse-power. Upon this new chassis has been mounted an ex cellent body which was made by Messrs. Canham & Sons, of I pswich, who, it is interestin g to record, were responsible for some of the contracts connected with the ill -hted expedition of the late Captain Scott to the Antarctic. Ele ct r ic lighting has been installed throughout. The contract for supplying the new chassis, together With reassembling, paint ing, &c was placed with Messrs. Ransome's, Sims & Jefferies, Ltd. Naturally a large debt has been incurred in the new venture, but several very g enerous donations have gone far to relieve what would otherwise have been a very serious situation. These donations include a grant of fifty pounds from the Suffolk Branch of the British Red Cros s Society, twenty five pounds from Mr. T. Parkington, and handsome bifts from the Commissioner and District Surgeon, together with donations (rom the members of the lo cal medical profession and ambulance enthus iasts. \V ;t h the new motor ambulance, I pswich can compet e with almost any other ambulance centre in the kingdom for being up-to-date and efficient in its methods of transport and great results are anticipated from its use in the future.

S AXMUNDHA:\I.-A meeting was held at Mount Pleasant hut on January 28th convened for the purpose, by Mr. Jas. Forsdike (vi c e-chairm a n of the Urban District r:ouncil) with a view to forming a nursing division. ThIS meeting is the outcome of a visit paid to Saxmundham by the COl1nty Commissioner ( Dr. S. O. Eades) last December. The chair was taken by Mrs. Kerr Greig. The principal speakers were l\liss Bohner Coulcher (lady district officer) and Miss L. Haggar

A.R.R.C. (lady corps supt.), who motored from Ipswi ch, accompanied by the County Commissioner. In the main, the speeches all showed the benefits to be derived from the formation of a division beIn g a means for bringing togethe r those already trained in first aid and nursing, for pract ice, competitions, and re-examinations, and in times of emergency, to form a great asset for the welfare of the public generally. Miss Coulcher gave a very interesting history of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England and its work on behalf of the sick and injured. About thirty ladies signified thei r willingness to join a division, if formed, and it was resolved that Dr. D Ryder Richardson be asked to act as hon . s urgeon, Mrs. Fryer as secretary, and Miss B. Cutting as lady supt. At a meeting recently held at Saxmundham, it was decided to restart classes in first aid for men. Mr. W. Mulley presided and the hon. secretary (M r. J as. Forsdike) presented the report and balance sheet for the past ses5ion's work. The balan ce sheet showed the satisfactory sum of over £16 to the good. A presentation was made to the hon. lecturer ( Dr. J C. Ryder Richardson) of a silver cigarette case, suitably inscribed. Dr. Richardson replying in suitable terms, promised to give the lectures again when the class was restarted.

Great credit is due to Mr. J as. Forsdike for the success of ambulance in this town for although being already well occupied with its musical life he has always taken the greatest interest in ambulance work locally.

No. I I (S. E. & C. R.) District.

HITHER GREEN.- The Dance arranged by this Division at Ladywell Parish Hall on January 25th, attracted a large number of friends. A very enjoyable evening was spent, and a substantial sum ar:crued to the funds.

-trtksT

A very wet night on January 24th did not prevent a good a udien c e r ea c hing Westminster Cathedral Hall for the Concert in of Bridge Nursing Division. The Southern Railway was responsible for the majority of the muslcalltems, aSSIsted by MISS Dorree Fells, Mr. Gerald Adams, and Mr. Fred Curtis.

The Annual Meeting Gf the Victoria Division on Jan. 23rd attracted a large rally of members under the chairmanship of Kersley, much business was transacted, and a very optimIstIc note was sounded in respect to the 1924 work.

The neatly-pTlnted Annual Report of Addiscombe Division made good readIng at the Ge.neral Meeting on January 16th. The members have set their hearts on obtaining a motor during the present year, and their past records indicate they will secure the objective !

WoolWich Division has changed its name from" North Kent" recently, and is gomg ahead in every way. Warm thanks are J. ue to Messrs. Trewden & Merrett for their enthusiastic support.

Lady Clara Cheatle Miss Phyllis Broughton were pr esent at the London BrIdge Nursmg Division Annual M eetlOg, when a very fine years' performance was reported.

At the Annual DInner of the Ashford Town Division many members of Wellesboro', South Ashford Ashford Statio n and Ashford Works Divisions were testifYIng to the comrad eshIp existmg between Bngade men In the Kentish DiVIsion.

The annual returns for 1923 show that not only has the District consolIdated Its positIOn, but a real advance has been EffiCIency is on a hIgher baS IS, and no important raIlway IS. now Without ItS Brigade au xilia ry.

The IncreasIng strength of the Divisions has led to the appoi ntment of an additIOnal District Officer in the person of DIVISIOnal Supt. J. P. Flavlro. Mr. Flavl(o has had wide expe rien ce in both Association and Brigade work, having been a member of the cel ebrated" Superintendents Office" team soon after the furmatlon of the Centre.

Another Great Western Railway Record.

WE are informed that the number of successful first aid txamm"!r; s on the Great Western Railway for the year 1923 rEached a total of 6,443. For the first time the amalgamated unGer the Railways Act, 1921, contributed to the figure and their I,GtOO awards included some 700 first year students.·

It is interesting to see the progress made in ambulance wor k on the Railway the five (postwar) years, and It will be obs e rv ed that 10 that p=riod the number of awards has been almost quadrupled. Well done Great Western Railway.

Year.

A Visit to Plymouth.

ByjTHE EDITOR. ! '-..J

Number of First Aid Awards.

HAVING heard so much of the wonderful voluntary Ambulance Organisatlon Which had been created 10 Plymouth, I was determin e d a t the earliest opportunity to see with my own eyes tne actual state of thlOgS as they existed, so at the latter part of last year I lcft Londoo on that wonderful train Cornish Rivera Express and upon arrivlOg at the hotel In Plymouth, I telephoned to the C entral Ambulance StatIOn and asked for Mr. Hed ley Miller ,,,,ho was not aware of my coming , and in a short while he was with me and during my whule. stay acted as my guide, philosihper and fntnd. WIthout In any way casting any reflection on the 300 odd voluntary workers who constitute the Plymouth AmbUlance servIce Mr MIller is the life and soul of the movement, he has that remarkable power of organisation by Which he has been able to one of the cheapest, yet most effiCIent, am bulance serVIces 10 the British Isles As I have stated before, my arrival not being expected I had the opportur:u lY of seeing the service untler its everyday workmg conOItIOns. My first visit was to the Central Ambulance StatIon the site tor this has been very carefully seltcttd, almost In the ct::ntre. of town and yet within easy reach of the docks and 10dustnal area, the premises are the freehold of the S.J.A. Centre having been converted considerable exptnse from shops. 00 the ground floor IS the garage whIch has accom modation ior three am bulances, two Fords, and a the latter being one of the Army Type, these are ma.rntamed in spl endid condition, for at the rear of the garage IS an engineering shop where nearly all the repaIrS are effected and adjoining this is a large store where a large quantity of stretchers and other &ear IS kept, to be used in case of a caalamity. 00 the first floor IS a fullr equipped Room, no expenses been spared m makmg thIS up-to-date in every respect, bemg fitted wIth hot and cold water, glass dressing cabinets, and a complete stock of first aid materials, Or! the same floor IS slt.uate d .the alarm and teltpbone control system WbIch IS 10 dIrect contact witb th tl fire station and all. the sub-ambulance stations, the result of this bemg that a call to a fire, at whicb one of the ambulances attend on,. a casualty can be dealt with as expeditIOUsly as pOSSIble On the second floor are situated the offi cers and mens' living quarters, here is a comfortable room for the men prOVIded with games, and the sleepmg quarters are fitted with ships' bunks. As a certain of men are on duty night and day, I asked Mr. MIlle! If he had any difficulty in fixing up thIS duty, to my surprIse he told me that. he always had a waiting list not only at the central statIOn but all the sub-statIOns this str uck me as showmg the spirit of enthusiasim which prevaIled throughout the whole service.

Reports from Pekin this month record the death in the Rockfeller Hospital there of Dr. L. Emmett Holt, of New York, world famous specialist in children's diseases Whose books on child care are known to Red everywhere. Death was caused by a heart attack whIle Dr. Holt was maklOg a tour around the world. Early I.n 1919 Dr. Holt was one of a group of international recogmse d scientists who gathered at Cannes, France, and upon whose recommendation the groundwork for the Leag ue of Red Cross Societies was laId.

00 tbe top floor is found the administrative offices and receptIOn r.oom, on the walls of which are interesting pictures showmg the progress of the service and a group of who first constituted the Plymouth Ambulance Service.

(To be continued).

The "DECORATORS' & PAINTERS' MAGAZINE" (IS. monthly) is THE trade paper for all interested.Publishing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C.4.

The Workmen's Compensation 19 2 3. Act,

THE Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923, which came into force on the 1st ult., marks an epoch in staff welfare legislation, inasmuch as it places a definite legal obligation on the employers in all factories and workshops to make first-aid provision for employezs.

Under the Police, Factories, etc. (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1916, factories, etc , in connection with certain specified industries, such as blast furnaces, copper and iron mills, foundri l! s, etc, were required to make provision for dealing with personal inj uries sustained by the workers by the provision of first-aid appliances. The Act of 1923, however, makes the provision of first aid Equipment compulsory in all factories and workshops where machinery of any kind i s in use.

It is gratifying to reflect that what has now become a compulsory provision, has been for many years past supplied voluntarily by many of our large industrial undertakings, and, as a case in point, the railway companies have for many years past installed their stations, depots, shuntyards, and even tneir passenger trains, with first-aid appliances. A similar has been followed by employers in many other

In a Memorandum issued by the Home Office*, the requirements of the new Act have been summarised in convenient form, in order that those concerned may readily grasp its provisions which, in the matter of first-aid equipment, Mean that as and from January 1st in all factories and workshops, a first-aid box or cupboard of a prescribt.d standard must be installed, and that where more than ISO persons are employed an additional box or cupboard for every additional ISO persons or fraction of that number will required to be provided in every factory. It is specifically laid down that these boxes must contain nothing but first-aid requisites and that the equipment must be placed in charge of a responsible person who must always be readily available during working hours. A notice is to be fixed in every workroom stating the name of the person in charge of the box providtd in respect of that room, and failure to observe these requirements is to be deemed an offence against the Factory and Workshops Act of ! 90 1. FUI ther, the Memorandum points out that the first·aid boxes are intended for the treatment of slight injuries which are of[en neglect e d with serious cons equences, and the necessity of doing everything possible to induce workers to seek treatment for even slight injuries is emphasised.

In view of the fusion of the Safet y and First-Aid Movements, it is interesting to see that under the 1923 Act new powers are given to the Secretary of State for securing the safety of workers against accident, and should he consider that the number and nature of accidents occurring in any factory or elass of factorits is such as to make special provision necessary to secure safety of the employees, he may call upon the employer to make arrangements for special provision in regard to safety and investigation of the causes of accidents, or otherwise.

There is little dou bt that the rEquirements of the Act in regard to first-aid equipment will dIrect the attention of eD"ploy?rs to the value of ambulance work quite apart from the legal obligations it involves, and the provision of firstaid equipment in factories, up and down the country, will call for employees skilled in first-aid methods to apply the dressings, etc. The effect should be to promote the

* Ref. 452,336, December, I923.

AI D.- February, I924.

organisation of first-aid classes at places where this instruction has not hith e rto been available. and it cannot but result in a considerable addition to the ranks of skilled ambulance throughout the country. All this will be for the common good.

The new Act cannot but have a good effect upon the employees generally, inasmuch as it brings home to them the necessity for the prompt treatment of minor injuries, the value of the surgical cleanliness of the wounds, and asceptic methods. Further, it will enable employers generally to see and appreciate the value of first -aid, for, quite apart from the limitation of personal suffering from the humanitarian aspect, there is little doubt that the prompt use of first -a id equipment in factories and workshops will be rtflected in the expense incurred in connection with the Workmen's Compensation account.

The following is the prescribed standard for first-aid box or cupboard und e r Section 29 of the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923 :-

A-For factories employing 50 persons or less.-Each first· aid box or cupboard shall r.ontain at least-

(i) A copy of the first-aid leaflet (F orm 923) issued by the Factory Department of the Home Office.

(ii) A sufficient number (not less th a n a do zen) of small sterilised dressings for injured

(iii) A suffici'!nt number (not less than six) of mediunl sterilised dressings for injured hands or feet.

(iv) A sufficient number (not less than six) of large sterilised dressings for other injured parts.

(v) A sufficient number of sterilised burn dressings (small and large).

(vi) A suffi CI ent supply of sterilised cotton wool. in packets.

(vii) A two per cent. alcoholic solution of iodine.

(viii ) A bottle of sal volatile, having the dose and mode of administration indicated on the label.

(ix) Eye drops, prepared as described in the first-aid leaflet (F orm 92 3)

Each first-aid box or cupboard shall be distinctly marked with a white cross on a red ground.

B-For factories employing more than So persons.-Each first-aid box or cupboard shall contain at least-

(i) A copy of the first-aid leaAet (Form 923) issued by the Factory Department of the Home Office.

(ii) A sufficient number (not less than two dozen) of small steril is ed dressings for injured fingers.

(iii) A suffic ient number (not less than one dozen) of medium sterilised dressings for injured hands or feet.

(iv) A sufficient number (not less than one dozen) of large sterilised dressings for other injured parts.

(v) A sufficient number of sterilised burn dressings (large and small ).

(vi ) A sufficient supply of sterilised cotton wool, in t -oz. packets.

(vii) A two per cent. alcoholic solution of iodine.

( viii ) A bottle of sal volatile, havlTIg the dose and mode of administration indicated on the label.

(ix) Eye drops, prepared as described in the first-aid leaAet ( Form 923).

(x) A supply of suitable splints and cotton wool or other material for padding.

(xi) A supply of adhesive plaster.

(xii) A tourniquet.

(xiii) One do zen roller bandages.

(xiv) Half a dozen triangular bandages.

(

xv) Safety p ins.

Provided that items (x) to (xv) inclusive need not be included in the standard first-aid box or cupboard (a) where there is a properly equipped ambulance room, or ( b) if at least one box containini; such Items and placed and malDtained in accordance with the requirements of Section 29 of the Act separately prOVided.

Each first-a id bCJx or cupboard shall be distinctively marked with a white cross on a red ground.

e-In the case of any factory or part of any factory where

February. -FIRS"

first-aid boxes of a sper:ified standard are required to be kept in pursuance of any Regulation or order in force under the Factory and WOlkshops Act, the standard for that factory or part of factory shall be that prescribed by such Regulation or Order.

A History Auxiliary of the Royal Naval Sick Berth Reserve.

By Surgeon Commander G. O. DICKENSON, M.B., R.N.

(Concluded from page I53.)

Whenever more men were requirtd the Brigade always had a supply of men ready, and by December 3Jst, 19I 5, the followmg members had been mobilized for service wtih the Royal Navy:RN.A.S.B. ... RN Division, Medical Unit

Total 3,4 12

But it must be remembered that the Army and certain pri vate hospitals also had a call on the Brigade, requiring eve n larger numbers of men than did the Admiralty. Up to the end of ] 9 I 5 the Brigade had supplit d the following numbe rs of men in addition to those serving with the Ro yal Navy :-

Mili tary Home Hospitals Reserve J 4,397

R. A.M C. (Expeditionary Force)

St. John Ambulance Brigade Ho<;pilal, Etaples

Priva te hospitals at horne

Privat e hospitals abroad

Un der the Joint Committee of the Order of St. John and the British Red Cross Society in France

16,64 6

It will thus be seen that over 20 000 men were supplied by the Brigade for nursing du'ties during the firs t months of th e war. The above figures do melude th e large number of men belonging to the Bngade who enlisted directly into th e RA.M.C. without being enrolled in any reserve organization.

In addi tio.n to reservists enrolled from the St. John Ambulance Bngade a scheme was devised for the enrolment of first year medical students as members of the R.N.A S.B.R The conditions of service, p:ly and allowances were much the Slme as for the other reservists. As these did not n ': cessarily hold the St. John Am bulance ASSOCiatIOn Fm.t Aid Certificate they were appointed to Chatham HospItal for a two months' course in first-aid treatment, after which they were examined under the rules of the Association, which body granted their CErtificate to those who passed the enmination

The first class was app:>inted to Chatham Hospital on November 29th, 1915, and 103 men in all were entered.

First Class Second Class

Third Class

Fourth Class

AI D.- ]75

These men were, for administrative purposes, enrolled in what was called the Royal Naval Emergency Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and the majority were finally drafted to hospitals and hospital ships. The entry of medical students under these special conditions ceased after July, 1916, as students then became of age for general military service. A certain number of those already entered became Surgeon Probationers RN.V.R

As the members of the RN .A. S B. Reserve were drafted from the naval barracks, it is impossible to trace their service with accuracy. Many were immediately employed in the transport, both by sea and land, of the wounded from France, although a scrutiny of their service certificates only shows that .they were borne on the books of one of the depots.

They were to be found in almost every ship, in the naval hospitals at home and abroad, in barracks in auxiliary hospitals and in the Royal Naval Division. Many of these men can give their personal experiences of the attempted defence of Antwerp and of their ad ventures in the retreat. The R.N.A.S.B.R. was omnipresent.

Those who had the opportunity of watching these men at work must have been struck by the rapidity with which the large majority picked up the details of the duties required of them. They were not the equal of our own efficient !lick berth staff, but remem ber the difference in training.

A cotton weaver in L'mcashire is ordered at 6 o'clock night to para.de in his brigade uniform at the railway statIOn mxt eveOlng and to take a few clothes with him as he may be away from horne a few After a long weary journey he finds himself marched into a naval barracks where everything is in a state of orderly confusion. Before he bas had time to recover from his bewilderment he is picked off to a ship lying in the stream, and within a few hours finds himself at sea.

The sea? Yes, he knows the sea. He usually spends his :mmmer holiday at Blackpool.

The sick and inj ured? Yes, he has a very good knowledge of the first-aid treatment of inj uries and knows the elemenls of nursing. But now he is d ea ling with the rdal thing and there are other matt ers to consider besides whether point" A " goes over the left shoulder or under the right elbow.

Poor John Smith, junior reserve attendant, R.N. A.S.B.R. !

Does not the following imaginery conversation appear likely to have taken place frequently in the sick bay in those early days?

Sick Berth Steward: "There's a man hurt in the stoke-hold. Smith, take a Robertson stretcher and some splints down while I tell the P.M O."

Smith: "Take a what?"

S. B. Std.: .1 Neil-Robertson stretcher. That thilJg there. "

Smitlz: "Where's the stoke-hold? "

S B. Std.: "-II- * * *"

November 29, 1915

February 7, 19 16

April la, 1916

July 31 19 I6

Reservists. 26 10 3

1\4: published in the "Journal of the Royal Naval ed100.1 Service," OctGb& 19 2 3.

But a difference afte r a year or so, during which John Smith has been quitely using his shrewd Northcountry brain. His eyes and ears have not been idle, and by now he feels competent to run the sick bay on his own -prOVIded someone else will do the dispensing !

A proof of the general competence of these men is the fact that so many were given the acting rating of 2nd sick berth steward, although, in those days, even a senior reserve attendant ranked only with a sick berth attendant.

The reserve ward masters, though very few in number,

-FtRST

were invaluable. As officers of the Brigade their authority and their knowledge of drill were of great assistance where large parties of reservists had to be dealt with.

Perhaps the most important factor in making these men feel at horne in the Navy, and thereby increasing their usefulness, was the order that they were to be supplied with naval uniform in place of the Brigade uniform. They had prev io usly felt conspicuous in the" black and white," but now they were really a part of the Navy. They were distinguished by the letters S. B. R. below the red cross badge of the sick berth staff.

As previously stated, it is impossible to give any detailed account of the work done by these reservists; but medical officers will agree that, when once these men had settled down and learnt the routine, work was effiCIently perform e d.

At the time of the Armistice the total number of R.N. A.S. B. res ervi sts borne was 2,275, but many of these men were not finally de mobilised until 19 ,9 and even 19 20

The total numb=r of reservists mobilised for the: Navy, not including those drafted directly into the Royal Naval Division, was 3,024. These were finally discharged as follows :-

To Royal Naval Division (Medical Unit)

Returned to civil employment

Services not required

Refused to be vaccinated, and discharged

Refused to sign declaration, and discharged

Dcmobilised prior to December 3 1 1918 Demobiltsed after January I, 1919

Owing to the small number of engagements, decoration'> earned during the war were not so numerous in the Navy as in the Army, and the medical branch was not overburdened with ttlis form of recognition of services effiCIe ntly performed. The R.N. A.S . B.R., however, can boast of four Distinguished Service Med als and one Meritorious Service Medal, while the names of three other reservists were brought to the notice of the Admiralty for valuable servic es rendered.

This short history would not be complete without mentioning that necessary concomitant of war - casualties. The total num ber of reservists who lost their lives was 77.

The names of those belonging to the Plymouth Command are comm emorate d on the Memorial erected at the R.N. Hospital, Plymouth; those drafted to Portsmouth and Chatham are included on the Sick Berth Staff Memorials at th e Naval Hospitals at Haslar and Chatham. One of the greatest disasters that befell the Reserve was the loss of the Hospital Ship RoMlla, whereby twelve men from the small Yorks hire town of Barnoldswick were drowned. Reqttt'esca1Zt in pace.

When the country was beginning to settle down again after war, steps were taken to re-e nrol the reservists who, on demobilisation, had been declared to be fr ee from any obligation for further service. It was then found that these men were not willing to re-enrol under the old conditions, and requested that the conditions of service be am ended with r ega rd to :-

(a) Their rating as compared with the active service sick berth staff.

(b) Their rate of pay

(c) The provision of a retaining fee or bounty.

This was not to be wondered at, as they had served

Alb.-"- February, I9Q.

with other naval reservists and had compared notes. During the war they had provided and maintained th eir own uniform for many months; th e y had no recognis ed status; even th e older experienced men wer e junior to the youngest sick berth attendant RN .; th ey received no recompense for long and faithful ser vice.

In 192 I the revised regulations were published. The most important alterations, as compared with the 1912 edition, are :-

(I) All men under 40 years of age are liable for general service. Those over 40 may volunteer for either general service or horne service.

(2) Reservi st s are granted the same ratings as th1.' active servic e s.i ck berth staff, up to that of chief petty officer, and the same rates of ply when mobilised and when und e rgoing training.

(3) They rec eive an annual bounty of from £3 to £5 provided they carry out certain conditions as to training and efficiency.

(4) On mobilisation, a free kit of naval uniform will be provid ed.

Altogether th e conditions of service were made much mor e simp le , and were brought more into line with the conditions laid down for the R N. sick berth staff. As soon as regulations were published. The old reservists re- tl!rolled and became active recruiting agent s, so that early III 1923 the maximum complement of 1,275 had been enrolled.

Duriug 1922 and early the number of resignations was fairly large. Some had attained the age bmit, som e found that the necessary drills interftred seriously with the struggl e for work, some had not completely recovered from that war-wearine.>s which is still evident in the voluntary Out of the! full establtshment of 1,275 th ere are at the present lime at l east 600 men who saw active service in the RN . A.S.B.R

The establishment of the Reserve is now as follows :-

February, 1924. -FIRST

be at hand and able to give skilled assistance at once. In they take the earliest opportunity of obtain109 the St. Toh n Am bulance Association Fi rst Aid a.nd, in order to gain regular practice and malDtalO theIr in this work, they join the St. John Ambulance Brigade. Even then their zeal is not satisfied, and they look for further opportunities of gaining fresh knowledge and experience in the immediate treatment of the sick and injured. They find this object can be attained by joining one of the reserve forces-the Home Hospital Reserve and the Bearer Companies organised by the Army, or the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve.

But, you ask, are they not also influenced by the sen se of patnohsm? The answer is most distinctly "Yes." They have merely chosen the branch of service in which th ey consider their inclinations and ability will be of the greatest use to their country_ One man's inclinations turn toward gaining proficiency in the use of a rifie, and

AID. - 177

searching old records and compiling the various numerical data contained in this article.

Our Essay Competition (2).

For the second competition in this series the Editor offers Two Home Office First Aid Cabinets as first and second prizes for the two best articles submitted before April loth 1924 on the following question :-

Describe fully the personal advantages which have resulted to First-Aiders from the study and practice of First-Aid.

The Editor reserves the rightto withhold these awards

In 1919 the RN.A.S B.R. Long Service Medal was instituted. It is granted after twelve years' service provided certain conditions are fulfilled. At least 556 of these medals have already been issued, and are a sourc e of justifiaole pride to their owners, while one reservist also possesses a bar to the medal.

The enthusiasm of these r .c se rvists is remarkable. In 1922, the first complete year afte r the introduction of the revised regulations, over 77 per Cent. did a seven days' course of training either in nav al hospitals or H. M. ships. Th e length of trainlOg may appear absurdedly short, but, in the larg e majonty of cases, a week is the only holida y from work these m e n r e ceiv e. How many of th(j r eaders of this article would give up eVe n a quarter of their annual leave in order to make themselv e s tfficient in a subjec t apparently so remote from their usual employment?

What is behind this keenness to learn the art of nursing? It is undoubtedly the knowledge that their civi l is dang e rous. Accid e nts are fr eq uent, and early in hfe they are impressed by the idea that som eo n e must know what to do to save a fellow-worker's life and to relieve suffering in cases of e mergency-someone who will

BURLEY, KIRKSTALL AND HEADINGLEY DI VIS ION, S.J.A.B.

This Division was disbanded during the war, but was started again in 1919. Four teen of the old membt'rs having their Army uniforms dyed. The strength is now over 40 he the Territorial army; another man prefers to gain profiC Iency in tending the sick and injured, and he joins the R.N_A.S . B.R or one of the Army Medical Reserves. Are these two men not equally patriotic?

Such, th en is the history of the Royal Naval Auxiliary SIck Berth Reserve, and the members of this reserve may be j ustl y proud of their record. Unless one is IDhmately associated with these men it is difficult to reali se their enthusiasm and zeal, which attributes n.o voluntary organisation can be a sucCc;;ss. This tnthuis also evident among the divisional officers of the bngade, who are not themselves reservists and to their sympath.etic interest and energy much of the' success of the reserve IS due. The future of the reserve is assured so lo?g as its members are drawn from such an able organisatIOn as the St. John Am bulance Brigade.

. My thanks are due to the Chief Commissioner of the .fur permission to quote in full from the various and !o the Brigade S and hls clencal staff fQT thelr fl:s§i$tance in

if no article of sufficient merit be presented, and to publish in the Journal any paper which wins the approval of the doctor-judges, whose decisions shall be final.

Competition papers must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon II cut from a 1924 issue of this Journal, must not be marked with competitor's name and address which should enclosed on separate slip of paper, must not contain more than 7 So words, and must be addressed to "The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon St. E.C.4," the envelope being marked" Competition."

There is no need to forego or sacrifice one's principles to achieve an increase in the output of goodwill and the spirit that must dominate and carryon good work. Concessions on compulsion are of far less value than concessions voluntarily lIlade.-Rt. Hon.

J. R. Clynes, M.P.

February, 1924 -

F'I RST

CONTENTS

extreme conditions demanded its use. Now, however, the economic value of safety appliances is exercising an educational influence upon employers, many of whom have already seen the further advantage that may be obtained by the addition of a surgical force to their organisation. Our own opinion is that every enterprise should have an efficient am bulance service and staff, as circumstances m;:\y seem to warrant.

A prominent industrial medical authority of international repute, stated recently that he felt no hesitation in saying that infection is entirely unneceseary, and is due altogether to ignorance, or to failure to have at hand proper equipment for rendering the essential treatment. In a series of mor e than 40,000 cases that had come to his attention during the previous two years, the great majority of which were minor injuries, infections averaged one one-hundredth of one per cent., and even this figure he declared to be too high.

'*'

In connection with the compulsory provision for fint aid at factories and workshops, we are glad to note that the Leicester Education Committee is arranging for short intensive courses for both men and women at the Evening School. These courses with the accompanying doctor's lectures, prepare for the examinations for th e St. John's certificate about the end of March.

'*'

At the invitation of the United States War Depart· ment Medical and Nursing Corps and with the warm consent and approval of the British War Office, Daml Maud McCarthy, G.B.E., R.c.c., left this month Jor a two months' tour in the United States. We are sure that there will be many interesting mettings of old friends, for in her capacity of Matron -in-Chief with the B. E. F. in France, Dame Maud was in close touch with the splendid and enthusiastic body of nurses sent over by America to help Great Britain. Major Julia C. Stimson, the Superin· tendent of the Army Nurse Corps of the U.S.A., who has been in Paris, joined Dame Maud, and they travel together '*'

St. John Ambulance Brigade Supplement.

Appointments, Etc.

JANUARY, 1924

The Chi C" f Commissioner has sanctioned the followiug appo intments, promotions, transfers and resignations ;_

PRINCE OF WALES'S DISTRICT.

Divisional Surgeon Nigel Corbet Fletcher, M.A., M.B B. C. to be District Surgeon, 7.1. 2 4

London City Mic;sion Division -Ambulance Officer Walter E. Davies to be DiVISional Supt., 25.1. 24

Borough of Richmond ursmg Divlsion.-Lady Divisional Surgeon and Supt. Mrs. Ruxton resigned, 15.1.24

Strat ford NurslDg D lvision .-Lady Div isio nal Supt. Mrs. Vasey, and Lady Ambulance Offi c er MISS Vasey to Scunthor pe ursing Division, NO.5 District supernumerary to establishm ent, 15. [,24

St. Marks Dlvision.-Sergt-Major David S. Phillips to be Ambulanc e Officer, 2. I. 24

Tottenham and Hampstead Junction Railway Division.Arthur J. Bowman to be DiviSIOnal Supt. 9. 11.22.

Walthamstow and District Corps(\Valthamstow Division ).-

Corp!. Ernest James Stemp to be Ambulance Officer, 2.1. 24

West Ham Division.-Staff Sergt. Ernest Lucas to be Ambulanc e Officer, 14.1. 24

2 DISTRICT

Bournemouth Nursing Division.-Dorothy Fenwick

L.R.C.S and P. to be Lady Divisional Surgeon, 16.1. 2 4

Ambulance Sister Winifred Helen Aish to be Lady Ambulanc e Officer, I.l 24

Ambulance Evelyn Alabaster to be Lady Ambulan::e

Offic er, 16.1. 2 4, vice Lady Ambulance Officers Miss Trench and MIS S Turner resigned.

Twyford Divlsion. -S ergt. Alfred Cuddy to be Ambulance Offic er, 14. I,24

NO, 4 DISTRICT.

Bury Division.-Clarence G. Lees, M.B., B.Ch. to be Divisio nal Surgeon, 18.1.24

Chesham (B ury ) ursing Division. - Robert A. Nathaniel

M.B ., B.Ch., to be Divisional Surgeon, 31.1.24

Liverpool Corps ( Liverpool North Nursing Division)-.

Am bulance Sister Edith E. Simpson to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 31. 1.24, vice Mrs. Flegg resigned.

Preston Corps (Preston Nursing Division).-Thomas Harrison, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 31.1.24

Preston Corps.-Lady Ambulance Officer Kate Winifred Turnbull to be Lady Corps Officer, 11.1.24

Preston Corps (Pr eston Nursing Dlvision).-Ambulance Sister Martha Chirnside to be Lady Ambulance Officer, I I. 1.24

Preston Corps (Pr eston Co-operative Nursing Division ).Ambulance Sister Mary Elizabeth Allen to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 11.1.24

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Hanley and District Corps (Hanley Division).-Divisiona Supt. H. Leese transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 15.1.24

Harrogate Nursing Division.-Rr)Oald Ozanne,M.B.,B.Ch. to be DiVISional Surgeon 21.1.24

Ambulance Sister L. P. Burton to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 21.1.24

Leek Divlsion.-Sergt. Percy Wright to be Ambulance Officer, 4.12.23, vice Ambulance Officer J. Jervis transferred to Cauldon Lowe Division.

North Bierley Division.-Divisional Surgeon H. Robinson resigned 1.2.24

Nottingham Corps.-Divisional Supt. Frank N. Baylis to Corps Officer 9 1.24, vice Corps Officer E. Morris resigned. Nottingham Corps (M eadows Division).-DivislOnal Surgeon D. Snell resigned, 15.1. 24

Nottingham Corps (Netherfield Division ).-Divisional Supt. A. Latimer transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 5.1.24

Rotherham Corps (" A" Division ).-Charles Frederick Hacker, M.B., B.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 9.1. 24

Rotherham Corps (" B" Division).-Douglas Chieme Scotland, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 9.1. 24

Welbeck Colliery Division.-Divisional Supt. L. Smales transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 20.1. 24

NO.6 DISTRICT.

North Durham Cor ps.-Ambulance Officer Reginald \Villiam Copeland to be Corps Officer, 21.1.24

North Durham Corps (Felling Colliery Division).-Heath Hodgson to be Divisional Supt., 7. 1 1. 2 3

SergI. M. Perrot to be Ambulance Officer, 7. 11. 23

North Durham Corps (Ga teshead Fell Nursing Division). _

Lady Ambulance Officer 1. Boggan resigned, 26.1. 24 North Durham Corps (Gat esbead Nursing Division).-

Lady Ambulance Officer A. Rule resigned, 1.2.24

North Tyneside Corps (Walls end Nursing Division).-

Lady Supt. Miss Snowden resigned 15.1. 24

MR. ROBERTS, writing in the" Ind.ustrial Welfare" Magazine on the Economic Value of First Aid says: "Where organised accident prevention measures fail to eliminate casualties, systematic first aid work can assist to a surprising degree. Hitherto this (actor has generally been regarded with negligible consideration and only consulted where

M and Salford Corps ( Gorton Nursing D ivision).Sister Mary Caroline Ecimondson to be Lady DIVISional Supt., 11.1.24

.. and Salford Corps (Manchester Nursing Jefferson, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Lady Surgeon, 31.1.24

Middleton Nursmg Division.-Ambulance Sister Jennie Dobson to be Ladv Divisional Supt., 18.1. 24

Oldham Corps (Equitable Division). -Divisional Supt. K. Cochrane transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 18.1. 24

North Durham Corps (Whickham Division).-The name of Divisional Supt. J. W. Nattrass has been removed from the Roll of the Brigade, 15.1. 24

NO.7 DISTRICT.

Hereford Nursing Division.-John Roderick Bulman,M.B. C.H.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 7.1. 2 4

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Brighton and Have Corps (Brig hton Division).-Divis ional Supt. N. Fillmer transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 29. 12 .23

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180 _ FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- February, 1924

Isle of Sheppey Nursing Division.- Lady Ambulan ce

Offi c er Sel ina Maud Quint to be Lady D iv sional Supt., 1. 1.24

Maidstone D ivis ion .-Divis ional Surgeon H. W. Southey resigned, 4 1. 24

Rochester D ivision. - W illiam Henry VlOcent, L.M.S.S.A., to be D ivis ional Surgeon, 1.1.24

N O.9 DISTRICT

Pool Carn B rea D ivi sion.-Ambulance Officer F Op i e, res ig ned 10.1. 24

Tor q uay D ivis ion. - Peter Alexander M cCallum, M.B , Ch . B., D.P.H., to be D ivis ional Surgeon, 16 . 1.24

No. 10 DI STRIC T

Ipsw ic h Corps ( Beechholme ) Division.-Harold Victor Walsh, M.B., B.Ch , B.A O to be Divisional Surgeon, 14· 1.24 Broadwater Division.-Lady Ambulance Offi c er, Lucretia Bines, to be Lady D ivis ional Supt., 28.12 23 v Ic e Lady Supt., F. Park in g ton, resigned

G i ppeswyk D ivis ion. -ArthurC Sm lth,M.R.C.S. L.R.C.P.,

F R.C S to be Div isional Su r geon , 14.1. 2 4

No. I DI STRI CT.

Addis c ombe D ivision.-Sergeant Alfred. Acott to be Ambulance Officer for Cadet purposes, 9 1.24 ; vIce Am bulance Offi cer F Drake, res igned

NEW DIVISIONS, &c.

D ivis ions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named : -

N O 2 DISTRICT.

Newbury Div is io n - 2 1. 1.2 4

NO 3 DISTRICT.

Walsall ( Headquarters ) Divis ion .- San c tioned, 30 1. 24

No. 5 DI STR ICT.

Allerton ( Red Tr iangle ) Div ision, renamed, Allerton Div ision, 16. 1.2 4 . . .

Harrogate N ur si ng 2I. 1.241

Pen istone D ivision.-San c tlOned, 3· [ .24

N O. 8 DI ST RICT.

Guildfo rd Rail way Div ision.-Sanctioned, 30 . 1. 24

DEATHS.

Corps Officer B. Hadfield Ma in Corps ) 1.2.24

Divis ional Sur g eon H oyle ( Haltfax Cor ps), 1S· 1.2 4

CO RRECTI ON D ECEi\IBER I SSUE.: r f o. 68 ( City of London ) D i,,: isiC?n.-Ambulance Offi cer Peters to be D ivis ional Supt. not Dlstnct Supt.

P WIL KIN SO N (Major-General ), Acting Chief Commis'i iooer.

Ambulance Gathering at Brecon.

A MBUL ANCE workers from Rhayader, Builth, Talgarth, Talyllyn and Brecon, were to tea at the Guildhall Brecon, on the 1st lOstant, and afterwards assem bled for the presentation of under th e Presidency of Mr. H. Warwick, Dlstnct Traffic Manager, who was supported Sir Lewis, K.B..E. (Councillor T. Jones), the HIgh Shenff of Breconshlre (Dr. T. P Thomas ) , and local officf>rs of the Great W e stern Railway.

Th -; M9 yor warmly welcomed. the visitors to the ancient Borough of Brecon, spoke 10 high terms of the First Aid Yiovement, and remarked that he was only able to be among them thanks to a friend who had some d his leisure time in order to learn the rudiments of First Aid.

His Worship referred to the recent legislation (Work-

men's Compensation Act, 1923), which made more adequate provision for first aid requirements in factories and workshops. The Chairman said that the recent trouble s in the railway world had deprived them of the presence of Mr. R. H. Nicholls, the Superintendent of th e Line, but that gentleman had sent a wire expressing his regret at his inability to attend, and wishing them an enj o yable evening. His telegram also announced the fact that no fewer than 6,443 Great Western employ ee s pass e d a First Aid examination last year. The Chairman referred to the interest which the Directors and chief officers of the Company took in the ambulanc e movement, and stated that the Central Wales Division were proud of the fac t that no fewer than fourteen mem bers of the staff had qualified for the Company's gold medal awarded for years efficiency, and that one member had also obtatned tbe gold bar for an additional fiTe years efficiency. H e hoped the interest in the movement woula and h e would lik e to see those present secure new recrUIts so as to keep up the reputation o f the Central Wales Division in ambulance efficlency.

In the course of his report, Mr. Hodson, the D i v Secretary, stated that classes had be e n held during th e past Session at tw e nty stations, and out of 392 candidat e s for examination, 375 had pass e d The certificate, vo uch e r , medallion and label awards were then d istributed by he Chairman.

III the cours e of an interesting address, Sir Herb er t Lewis said that ambulance work in the Principality wa s progressing by leaps and bounds The b e st ambula n c e e ams came from Wales, which he attributed to the characteristic enthusias m and k e enness of Welshmen He congratulated th e Brecon class on being th e only on e i n th e British Empire to -day, which had a High Sheriff as their Doctor -Lectu rer.

The gathering took the form of a concert, and the proceedings were interspersed by anum b e r of present a tion s to the various class secretaries and others.

:N ews euttings.

T he E ditor invites readers t o send new spaper cuttittgs Ott lIIatte?'s 0/ genera l interes t for in clu s on in t his coLum n

CHI LD'S F ATAL T ONGUE B IT E.

Whilst play ing with a ball in a k itchen a ch ild aged three years, tripped and struck a chair with h is ch in, bit ing h is ton g ue so badly that he bled to death. - E vening S tandard.

G UNPOWDER FO R SNA KE BIT E

At Albury, New South Wales, a labourer who was bitten on the arm by a venomous snake while hay-stacking on a farm , scarified the wound with a pocket-knife, poured gunp o wde r over it, and set fire to it. He is now out of danger.-Daz'0' Ma£!

KILL ED BY FE AR OF SUICIDE.

Fear inspired by the act he was about to commit su icide was suggested at an I sling ton inquest to-day to have caused the death of Arthur Goste, 55, who was found dead with his head resting on a pillow inside a gas oven, the tap of which wa s turned full on.

I t was stated that Goste, a poulterer, had suffered much pain recently and had been told that nothing cuuld be done for him. This made him very depressed.

Dr. R. M. Bront e, said that death was due to fatty degeneration of the heart and disease of the aorta. He could find no trace of gas in the stomach. Death might have been accelerated by shock due to the thougltt of the act which be was about to perform -Evening News.

-. February 1924

PRIORY FOR Brigade News.

A P POI N TME N TS , JANUARY, 192 4.

A pp oi n t ments and promot ons sanctioned by the Ambula n ce Com m ittee ;-

CAR:\IARTllENSHIRE C E::-.'TRE Va lley Co r ps. - Ambulan c e Offi cer and Secretary

BrI nley R Ic h a rd s to be Corps S ec rt:tary, 28. 1.24 ; Private Evan B e va n to b e Corp s Treasurer, :2 8 £, 24; Ambulan c e Offi c er Da vid Th omas to be Corps Inspe ct or of Store s, 28 1.24

L1 a nell y T ow n D ivisi on -Ambulan ce Officer Charles Brinl ey MI lle r t o be D iv isi on a l S uperintende n t, 28. 1.2 4

GLA:'IlORGA NSHIRE CE TRE

L1y nfi Va lle y Corps.-Di vis ion a l Super intendent George H.a r r:( Ben s on Jam es to be Cor ps Super intendent, 28 1.2 4;

DIVISIona l S e c ret ary Gw tl ym Jones to be Corps Se c retary 28 £.24; D Iv s ion a l Su per intendent Christopher David to b e Co r ps Tre as ure r , 28.1. 24 ; C orpor a l R ic hard John Osborn e to b e Cor p s Inspe c tor of Sto r es , 28. 1.2 4

Cw m Collie r y ur s in g D ivi s ion. - Lady A mbulance Offi cer Elizab e h B rown ing to be L ad y D ivisio nal Super intendent, 28.1. 2 4

Po ntyp ridd G.W. R. D ivis ion.-Dr. Davi d E. Evans to be D ivi s ional Surgeon ( Prob a tionery ): 28.1.24 ; PrIvat e Th o mas Haydn Sl a de to be D iv is ional Superinten den t (P robat ionery ), 28. J. 24

BOROUGH OF R HONDDA CENTRE

F erndale N urs ing D i vision - Dr Rice Rees, B.A., L.S.A , to b e D ivisi on a l S ur g eon , 28. 1.2 4 ; Ambulance Sister Cathe r ine Jon es to be L a dy D ivisi onal S uperintendent ( Probationery ), 28.1. 24

Y n ysh ir Nurs in g D ivision. Dr. Dav id Henry Davies, M.R.C .S., ( En g la nd ) L.R.C P, ( London ) to be D ivisional Su rg eon ( Probat ionar y), 28. 1.2 4

Appo intments sanctioned by the Comm issioner for Wa les ;-

CENTRE.

Tybie D ivis ion.-Private Evan G ibbon Rogers to be A mbulan ce officer and Secretary , 28 .1.24

L1anelly Nursing D iv ision.-Ambulance Sister Etty Rees to be Lady Ambulan c e officer, 28.1.2 4

CARNARV ONSH IRE C ENTR&

Llandudno Divis ion. - Acting Corporal \Valter Wilson to be Corporal, 1 I 1.24

GLAM ORGA NSHIRE CENTRE.

Colliery Nursing Division. - Ambulance S ist e r Jenny DaVIes to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 28.1.24

Maestej') Central Division. - Acting Sergeant Thomas

J ohn Jonesto be Sergeant, 28 1.24 ; A c ting Sergeant Benjamin to be Sergeant and Divisional Secretary, 28.1.24;

P rivate John Evans to be Corporal, 28. £.24; Private David

J Bowen to be Corporal, 28.1.24 ; Private Wdltarn Aubrey

E llIS to be Corporal, 28. 1.2 4

. Onllwyn Seven Sisters Division.-Private William Henry Smnett to be Ambulance Officer, IO.12.23; Private Albert

WAL ES.

George to be Staff Sergeant ( Supernumerary ), 10.12.23 Pnvate Sepb WIlliams to be Serge a nt and Divis ional Secretary, 10 12.23 ; Private W illiam George Butford to be Corporal, 10 12.23; Private Chr istopher Bevan to be Corporal, 10.12.23

Pontypr idd G W.R. Divis ion -Private Will iam George Cadwallader to be Ambulance Offi c er (P robat ionary ) 28.1. 24

B OR OUG H o f R HON DDA CE NTRE

Ferndale Nurs ing Div s on -Ambulan c e S ister Ann ie Daulton Thomas to be Lady Ambulance Officer (P robationary )

28: I 24 ; Ambulance Sister Margaret Mary Thomas to be Lady

DlVlslOnal Secretary, 28.1.24; Ambulan c e Sister Ellen Knott to be Lady Divis ional Treasurer, 28.1.2 4 ; Ambulance S ister Margaret Ellis ?e Lady D ivisional StOrekeeper, 28.1. 2 4 Naval and Penygraig D istrict D iv is ion.-Pte Will iam Merntt to be Corporal, 11.1.24

Ynysh ir Nursing Div ision.-Ambulan ce S ister El zabeth Chapman to b e Lady ( probat ionary) 8.1. 24 ; Ambulance S Ister EdIth Gwen DaVIes to be Lady Div isional Secretary, 8 1.2 4 ; Ambulance Sister P hyll is M ills to be Lady Div isional Storekeeper, 8. r.24

Ystrad Rhondda N ursing D ivision.-Ambulance S ister M ary Hannah Ware to be Lady Divis ional Secretary, 11.1. 24 ; Ambulance S Ister Margaret Adams to be Lady D ivis ional Treasurer, I 1.1.2 4 ; Ambulance Si')ter Olwen Bod icombe to be Lady D ivis ional Storekeeper, I I. 1.24

General Interest.

AMBULANCE DEPART MEN T

DURING the month of January examinations have been conducted in connection with the following classes:Maerdy, Dowlais G.W.R., Pontypool Road G . W.R, Wrexham, Pont yates, Abercynon, Porth Police Saron Dowlais L M.&S.R.; Tonysguboria, B1aenavon, Tradega; L.M.&S.R., Coedpoeth Male and Coedpoeth Female .i and the Nantybwch, Abersychan and Talywain L.M.&S R. Classes have been re-examined.

Arrangements have been made for a First Aid Class at the Penrhos College, Colwyn Bay, which will be conducted by Dr. Bertha Renshaw.

compulsory provision of First Aid Boxes in Factor.les and under the Compensation Act raI s es the questIOn of the neceSSIty of having qualifi ed persons to First Aid treatment when necessary. Many of the CardIff firms have realised this and have made arrangements with the Priory for a proportion of their employees to take a course of instruction.

QUARTERLY MEETING OF THE BRI GADE STAlt F.

A meeting of the St. John Am bulance Brigade men and (rom all parts of Wales was held at Priory House, Cardiff, on Saturday January 12th. The Com(or Wales and introduced Major -General Sir Pervlcal S. WilkLDson, K.C.M.G., c.B., Secretary-

General of the Order and Chief Commissioner of the Brigade in England.

Among those pres e nt were the following :-

Mr. G. Campbell Oliver (Commissioner Borough of Newport Centre), Captain T. E. Richards (Commissioner Borough of Rhondda Centre), Mr. Lemu el Jones (SubCommissioner Glamorgal>shire Centre), Mr. D. Jon e s (Sub·Commissioner Carmarthenshire Centre), Mrs. F M. Riches (Lady Staff Offic e r Glamorganshire Centre), Miss S. Coley (Lady Staff Officer Borough of Rhondda Centrt ), Mr. J. H. Hill (Staff Officer Newport Centre), Mr J. H. Davies (Staff Officer Borough of Rhondda Centre), Dr. D deVere Hunt (Staff Officer Cardiff City Centre), Mr. W Goddard (Staff Officer Glamorganshire Centre), Mr G. Payne (Staff Officer Borough of Rhondda Centre), Mr. B ernard E. Maberly (Staff Officer City of Cardiff C e ntre). The Commission e r for Wales explained that this was the first official visit made by the Secretary-General since his appointment, and he was pleased to think that he had chosen Wales. He welcomed him in the name of the Brigade, hoped he would come again, assured him of the loyalty of all ambulance men and wom t n in Wales, and promised he would receive at all times a hearty reception.

General Wilkinson, in acknowledging the cordial welcome, said that as members of one great Order he felt there should be a closer interchange of ideas. The only way to work together was bv knowing each other, as mutual knowledge should produce mutual confidence and sympathy. He was pleased with the great work the Priory was doing and the wh o le-hearted support those in authority seemed to have from all sections of the people. H e explained that he had been appointed a member of a Committe e to arrang e the ambulance work at the great British Empire Exhibition to be hela at Wembley from April to October this year and hoped the Brigade m en and wom e n in Wales would be able to take their share in this work.

The Conference then proceeded to business, and it was agr e ed to recommend slight changes in th e nursing uniform, to hold a mass parade of men and women in the summer and to standardise competitions held under the egis of the Priory. Special arm badges were agreed for use by police officers, railway and public servants.

Centre Reports.

BF ECONSHIRE CENTR E.

NOTI FICATION has been received from the Admiralty that the undermentioned members of the Brynmawr division, having compli e d with the regulations of the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick B e rth Res e rve, are confirmed sick berth attendants.

Private Lewis Hunt, Private David Henry Morris, Private Stephen Watkins, Private Oswald Price, Private Brinley Prisk , Corporal William Joseph Stephens, Private Idris Thomas, Private Geo. H. Jayne, Private Reginald Thomas, Am bulance Officer Theophilus Hartshorn, Private Isaac Edwards, Private Wilfred L. Saye, Corporal Percy G. Saye, Private Philip Abraham, Private Thomas Lewis, Private Arthur Fawke Re e s, Private Stanley Durban, Private Wilfrid Hughes, Sergeant William Watkin s

GLAMOR GAN SHIRE CENTR E.

A public meeting was held in the Council Chamber, Porthcawl, on January 3 r d, for the purpose of forming a local nursing division. Mr. Parry Evans, J. P., presided,

supported by Lady Lewis, O . B E. (deputy lady supt. fur Wales), Mr. J. Griffiths (divisional supt.) and Morgan Weeks (corps secretary). Mr. Lemuel Jones briefly related tbe various ways in which the Order had served humanity and emphasised the usefulness of the brigade which was in daily prominence in public and individual life. It could still become a greater power for good by further developm e nt. This was realised plrticularly in Glamoigan, where many new ambulance and nursing divisions were formed during the past year. Lady L e wis spoke on the work of the nursing divisions and urged those present to become members of a great organisation and playa part in its field of labour. A decision to form a nursing divisioo and the nomination of officers brought the me e ting to a satisfactory close.

Thc Pontypridd corps officers at their meeting on January 29th drew up the following programme of parad e s and drilllS for 1924.

May 1St. - U oited drill at Hopkinstown.

May I Ith .- Church Parade, Pontypridd

May 24th.-Corps Parade, B eddau.

Tune 2 ISt.- United Drill, Pontypridd

June 29th -Church Parade, Bedd a u.

July I9tb.-Unit e d Drill, Church Village, Llanlwit.

July 27lh -Church Parad e , Hopkinstown.

S e ptember I3th.- U oit ed Drill, Pontypridd ( G. W R )

The Vic a r of Seven Sisters presid e d ov e r a larg e gathering at the Memorial Hall, S e ve n Slsters, o n F e bruary 6th. Sub Commissioner S a mu e l Jo n es, J P , addressed the meeting on the obj e cts o f th e Brigade and hoped it might be p ossible to arrange for a suitabl e room for the practical wo rk of the local Division. Warrants of appointment were presented to the n e w offic e rs of th e Seven S isters Ambulance Division. Th e musical programme was good, and an enjoyable ev e ning was sp e nt by all.

M ONMOUTH SH IRE C ENTRE

In connectio:1 with the Pontypoo! and District Si xteenth Annual Eisteddfod, to be held at the Market Hall, Pontypridd, on Easter Tuesday, April 22nd, 1924, there will be an Ambulance Competition op f' n to teams of five men each for the Eisteddfod Shield. Mon e y priz es of £3 and £ 2 will be giv e n for the first and second t e ams. A Ladies' team contest will be held for the "Han bury " Silver Bowl, a nd monetary awards similar to those for th e male competitors will be made to the first and second teams Two junior tests for teams of boys and girls not over sixteen years of age have been arranged.

The official op ening of the Abersychan Medical Comforts Depot took place on January 3 [st. Divisional Sup erintendent G. F. Tuckwell presided, and Mr. H Smith, M E., performed the opening ceremony.

BOROU GH OF SWAN SEA CENTRE

The Commissioner for the Borough of Swansea Centre, Dr. Urban Marks, has arranged for District Offic e r Hanmer to give film demonstrations every evening during the week commencing Sunday, February 23rd, and on Sunday, February 23rd, the lecture will be held in the Swansea Empire.

BOROUGH OF ABERDARE CENTR E

An Ambulance Competition open to teams of men of the St. John Am bulance Brigad e in the United Kingdom will be held on Easter Monday, April 23rd, 1924, in connection with the Mountain Ash Cottage Hospital 30th Annual Eisieddfod; and on the same day there will be an open competition for individual nursing members of the

February, 1924 -l'IRST

Brigade. Money prizes will be awarded to the first two successful in contest, and April 3rd is the last date for receIvmg entrIes. Dr. S Glanville Morris (Mardy) I?r. Edgar Llewellyn (CardIff), have been appointed adJudIcators.

CARNARVON SHIRE CI<NTRE.

Dame Lloyd George, Lady President of the Carnarvonshlre Centre, presided at a meeting held in the Council Chamber Town Hall, Carnarvon, on January 24th, 19 24. A large num ber was present, and a Centre Committee nominated to co-ordinat e the work of the Priory in the The various branches of the Prior}'s wer e explamed the Principal Secretary, and much IOte::rest was taken In the Transport S e rvice and the Medical Comforts D e pot Departments.

CIT Y OF CAR Dl FF CENTRE.

Major F. T. R ees, M.e. ( Commissioner for Cardiff) a ssisted by Staff-Officer Bernard E. Maberley, conduct e d t he Annual of the Cardiff City and Emergency A mbulance DIVISIons at the Drill Hall, L'l.w Courts

AID.

antique oak was made by Mr J. T. Coggins, who has generously presented an old oak chair.

Arrangements are well in hand for the Priory Ball to held on Easter Tuesday, April nnd. Newman and hIS band has been engaged, and dinner will be served in the ballroom.

The Selection Committee of the Priory have recommended the appointment of Mr. E. W. T Morris , of Abergavenny, nominated by the London Midland and Scottish Railway Company, as a member of 'the Ambulance Committee.

At the next general meeting of the Council of the South Wales and Monmoutbshire Branch of the National Association of Colliery Managers a short descriptive paper on the Underground Ambulance Carriage designed by Corps Secretary Samuel Jones will be read and the model This which has already b e en JDstalled In on e Col.hery In South Wales will,)t is thought, offer more to i?jur e d workmen undergrour.d than any other SImilar contrivance DOW in use.

As usual the Annual Meetings of the Grand Committee a nd Chapt.e r will be he.ld in the Council Chamber, City Hall, Cardltl on St. DaVId's Day, March 1St. Chapter will meet at 12. I 5 p.m., Committee at 3 p.m. The Lord Mayor of CardIff, wlll offer an official welcome to the Delegates.

Wir e less are reminded that on Friday, February 29th. S Ir H e rbert D. W. L e wis, K.B E., has been asked to broadcast on Ambulance work and it is hoped local Comrades will be interest ed

TH E "GOM ER

AVIE

Jl

D .P resented by Dr. R. Baird Milne Commissioner fo r Aberdare.

Won by Mountain Ash Nursing Divis ion. Left -:- Dr. R. Baird Milne; Right-Staff-Officer Gomer DaVIes Team -Lady Supt. Davies, Ambulance Sister!i G Owen, M. Lovell, and M. J. Davies ( Mountain Ash Nurs ing Division )

Cathays Park, Cardiff, on January 27th. There was a splendid attendance of Officers, N.e.O. s, and men who great keenness in the wor k. The First Aid aDd Dnll work was good, and the Commissioner was much pleased.

News in Brief.

Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K.B.E., has been nominated represe?t the Pri?ry 00 the Committee of Management the J Oint of the Order of the Hospital of St. John and the BTltISh Red Cross Society.

A further addition to the Priory's rare collection of

In th:l. report of the Chid Constable of Merthyr (Mr. D. M. DaVIes) for the year it is recorded that fifty-four member.s of the PolIce hold St. John certificates and durmg the year FIrst Aid was rendered by Mem bers in one hundred and eighty-one cases

The Air Ambulance len W ar.

IN ?is address to the War Section of the Royal Society of Medlcme, Air Commodore D. Munro discussed the possible uses of the aeroplane in the medical services in future warfare.

of ai.r ambulance, he said, began necessanly WIth ImproVIsatIOns, by which he meant the temporary use an service aeroplane to carry sick and eIther WIth special arrangements at all or only pnmItIve ones, ?r WIth a special kind of stretcher to the machIne, or a special adaptation of the machIne to take the ordinary stretcher.

Dunng the retreat of the Serbian Army in 19 1 5 the French made some arrangements for air convoy of wounded the end of in the Levant organized aIr 10 WhIch eIghty cases were carried to hospital dunng a penod of four months. For tbis purpose the

D

S

SHIEL

machine guns were removed from aeroplanes and the patients strapped in their place.

In May, 1923, during an epidemic of dysentery among tht British forces in Kurdistan, 198 cases were conveyed by air to Baghdad. The distance was 100 miles as the machine flies, and was much longer by mountain track, which would have had to be taken had the aeroplanes not been available. The operation was difficult owing to bad weather and the lack of suitable landing places, but it was carried out quite successfully in 98 flights; the time occupied in the evacuation was 128 hours 45 minutes. Unfortunately the only aeroplane specially designed for this work had to make a forced landing and was put out of action, so that the task was completed by improvised machines.

The special kind of stretcher used with the service aeroplane was of a naval pattern, adapted to aeroplane purposes by the use of an extra lining. It consisted of bamboo sticks in canvas, with a head cushion, a blanket clOlk, and a head and face mask. The squadrons in Egypt and Iraq were now supplied with these stretchers for use in emergencies. They were strapped on to the fuselage, and the machine-gun fitting was used for fixing in position. If necessary two patients could be carried in the one machine.

The adaptation of the aeroplane itself to accommodate the ordinary stretcher was carried out during the Somaliland Expedition of 1919.1920, when a machine known among the troops as the "blood-waggon," was altered so as to take one stretcher and an attendant. The French in Syria and in Morocco had a regular service of such adapted machines, and it was reported to the French Colonial Congress of Public Health in 1922, that in the former country 105 casualties and in the latter country 168 had up to then been conveyed in this manner without mishap.

In 1921 the French Minister ot War put into commission a type of machine which carried two stretcher cases, a doctor, and a nurse, and had a roomy cabin where emergency operations could be performed, for which apparatus and equipment were installed. In the British designs there was no provision for the performance of operations, but chief attention was paid to suitable seating accommodation. In the Vickers-Vernon aeroplane two stretchers were run on rails through the nose of the machine, and there was provision for seating eight patients on deck chairll arranged along two inner wall of the fuselage, There was provision also for an ice and food box, sanitary conveniences, and an electric kettle and steriliser. The machine was well ventilated, smooth running, and the engine note not disagreeable.

There were three of these machines at present established, and the number was being increaspd; anothe r type was in building, to take two stretchers, and to be specially suitRble for going out to the scene of a crash in such a country as Mesopotamia. In futnre these air ambulances would have their own medical personnel, and mechanic and pilots wo uld be told off tor them. In warfare it would be possible to form aerial convoys for use between the front and the base hospital, and the mtthod would suggest itself particularly for the bringing in quickly of abdominal and head casualties .-BritishMedical Journal

An interesting meeting was held in Manchester at the invitation of the Industrial Welfare Society on January 17th. Representatives from the various societies of Welfare Workers in the country were present, and an excellent opportunity was provided for the interchange of ideas.

L N.E.R.-The half-yearly mt>eting of the L.N.E.R centre was held on February 2nd in the Mansion House, York by tht> kind invitation of the Lord Mayor of York (Alderman Wm. Dobbie) when Mr. C. Hill presided, and delegates were present from the Darlington, Hull, Leeds, Middlesbro', Newcastle and York districts.

The Secretary (Capt. Geo. Jackson) prestnted his report which states that after the business had been completed, a presentation was made to Mr. F. Penty on his retiring from the chairmanship of the Centre, after which Mr. Lally, the Mansion House butler, described to the winners the pictures, &c , in the state room, and afterwards the historic and valuable gold and silver of the city.

A hearty vote of thanks was proposed by Capt. Jackson and seconded by Mr. Hill to the Lord Mayor for his kindness in inviting the Council to the Mansion Hous e

The Lord Mayor in responding said that, as a railway man, during his year of office as Lord Mayor it had given him the greatest pleasure possible to invite men who were doing such excellent work, and felt that they needed thanks more than him, and he wished the Centre every success in its undertakings

All arrangements are now made for the Competitions at which it is expected about 40 teams entering and the winning team of the- Centre will meet a tea m from each of the G.N., G.E., and G C. sectiom, at which the two teams getting the highest marks will go into the Inter Railway Competition to represent the L. & N.E.R. in London In May.

46 classes have been held during the half year and examinations have been held at Doncaster H. & B., Ferryhill, Carlisle, York (3), Tweedmouth, Hull Goods, Moorthorpe, Blythe and West Hartlepool.

Rc-examinations have been held at Carlin How, Shildon, Richmond, and Monk Frystoo.

The number who have passed examinations are;First 90, second 3 r, third 33, and labels 7 f, making a total since November, 1896 of first 9574, second 497 6, third 3779. and labels 3 6 93

Reports of accidents treated are ;-Darlington 8,3 8, Hull 8,537, Leeds I,952, Middlcsbro' 4 , 396, Newcastle 5,623, York 5963 , making 32,789; making a total of 726,480 since January, 1897.

L M.&.S Rv - The first of the District Ambulance Competitions in the Western Division, i.e., West Yorkshire District., was held on February 7th in the Co-operative Hall, Bradford.

Eleven teams took part and were judged by Lt.-Col.

H. W. Williams, M.D., and Dr. James G. Copland. The work was exceedingly well done, and the teams were placed in the following order ;-

iFebruary, 1924. -FlaST

The first three teams were awarded prizes, and Bradford and Huddersfield qualified to compete in th e Preliminary Competition for the Divi'5ion which will be held at the beginning of April.

Consolation prizes were awarded to competitors obtaining the highest number of marks outside the teams winn ing team prizes, and these were gained by the und ermentioned :-

F. Soulwell, Mytholmroyd 50 A. Brook, Mirfield Loco 50 S. Weatherhil, IV] ytholmroyd 47 ]. Butler, Mirnp.ld Loco 47 Maximum marks, 50 Mr. F. H Cowtll, the District PasseIJger Superintende nt, presided and presented the prizes to the successful competitors.

He emphasised the desirability of the staff taking part in these com petitions, and pointed out that had two mor e t e ams entered their district would have qualified for three places in the Preliminary Compp.tition instead of two under the existing num ber. proceedings terminlted by Mr. G. S. Hill, on behalf of the Centre Secretary, proposing a vote of thanks to Mr. Cowell for his continued interest 10 the Ambulance M ovem e nt and his unfailing presence at these annual comp:!titio::ls.

Reviews.

THE I DEAL HEALTH VISITOR.

By Lily Skene, M.R.S.I.

London : Bale, Sons & Dantelsson, 83-91, Great Titchfieldstreet, \ V. 1.

P rice 6d. ; by post td.

Th ;s is an interestin g little book WIth poetic tendencies; a nd it prO Vides some practical suggestions ...,hich should prove useful to Health Visitors. I t is neatly prepared and printed, a nd will slip easily into the pocket for study and reference at odd moments.

THE POCKET AMBULANCE REMEMBRANCER.

B'j Inspector Ang us Cameron.

.il-lanchester : - John Heywnod, 121, Deansgate. Price ad. Ilct./ by post 3d.

This is a most useful little book. which, though written by a layman, is remarkably free from gro.5S errors. Personally, however, we do not recommend sulphate of ZIllC as a First-Aid emetic or chloral hydrate and bromide of potassium as FirstAid remedies for Strychnine Poisoning; and we should prefer to start with S c hafer's Method in cases of Drowning. Frankly, the book-excellent as it IS In its subject-matter, ItS general gel-Up, and its marvellously low price-affords a stnklOg answer to those who to-day claim that First-Aiders can teach First Aid, si nce its author demonstrates clearly here and there that he lacks the technical knowledge which is so for the proper a:1d consistent appreciation of the dIViding line between Medicine and FIrst-Aid. By the way, Silvester's Method, as detailed in this book, is the old-time one of stretchlOg patient's arms above his head and not the more modern v.:ay in the Textbook) of movlOg patient's a rms 111 Circular fashion.

When corresponding With Advertisers please mention FIrst Ald."

At 0.and J\nswet's to eOt't'espondents.

flJili be dealt flJitll u"der tlle loliofIJt"g rules :-

r. - Letters contain in!, Queries must be marked on the top lelt hana corner 01 the envelope cc Query," a"d addressed-FIRST Am, /-6, Cannon-street, London, E,C .4'

Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut Iron the current issue 01 the Journal, or t" case 01 Queries from abroa( from a recent issue.

Textbook, to flJhich relerence may be made in these columns is the 36th (r920) Edition 01 S,f.A.A. Manual of First-Aid.

POISO)..'IXG DY HYDROCHLORIC A CID.

M.S. (Doll is Hill).-A sixteen·months'-old baby drank a cup of spirits of salts. A doctor admiOlstered an emeti c, and the baby was removed to hospital where she made a complete recovery.

As this treatment is contrary to the Textbook, please favour us with your views.

From the First-Aid standpoint the administration of an emet ic to a patient, who has swallowed spirits of salts , would be absolutely wrong because a First-Aider cannot form an opinion as to the condition of the stomach whI c h might be ruptured as the direct effect of vomiting caused by an emeti c FroIr. the medical standpoint, however, such treatment may prove, as in the case quoted, highly successful because the doctor knolVs when it is safe to take justifiable nsksN. CORBET FLETCHER.

EX.U,UN ATION HOWLER.

B- S. (Limebouse).-In a recent examination a candidate was asked to state the General Rules and Treatment for Poisoniog-by-lVIouth. He replied that he would make tlte patient sick with anecdotes! Not bad, eh ?

Ou the contrary, quite good! Next, please! !-N.C.F.

EXTENSION OF COMPOUXD FRA(;TURES.

G. F. (Hove).-Please inform me zf and wlte;z it is advisable for First-Aiders to apply extensIon with compound fractures. Our sl1rgeon tells us that we must use our common. sense, and that, if we consider it advisable, we ruay pull the protruding b<:>oe through the skin. Personally, I thought that First-Alders should never apply extension in these cases, because, as you state, In COllllll on Errors in First Aid such treatment is beyond the skill of the most highly-trained First-Alder. Your reply wIll be much appreciated.

The Textbook (p. 49) definitely forbids attempts at extension wi th compound fractures" when bone protrudes. " Further it requires that all attempts at extenSIOn (Rule 5, p. 48) shall be made (I) With great care, (2) Without USlOg loree, and (3) without lettmg go tIll the limb IS splmted. As a fact, extension usually requires considerable force.

For my part I strongly deprecate all attempts at extension by First-Alders, and have stated my reasons in Common Errors (p. 9)·-N.C.F.).

TREATl\IENT OF WOU 'DED ELllOW.

C. L. (Newquay).-At a recent class I W:lS asked if r would use an arm-sling for a wound on back of elbuw. I saId that I would not, as the Textbook does not tell us to do so. Was I right?

I. Bradford No. I 2. Huddersfield

3. Elland

4. Myt holmroyd

S. Mirfield Loco

6. Mirfield No. I

7. Low Moor No.

8. Bradford NO.2

9. Mirfield No.2

10. Low Moor NO.2

-FI:RS1'

No. You have overlooked Rule 13 (unlucky number !) of the General Rules for Tleatment of Wounds (Textbook, p. 86), which tells you to (, aIJord support to injured part." With a (( wounded" elbow, "support lJ means arm-sling·- N.C. F.

A pOPLEXY AND F RACTURED FEMUR.

H. B. (Gloucester).-An old man, who lives in a cottage .in the country, is seized with Apoplexy, falls .down the stairs and sustains a simple fracture of the nght . No medical assistance is available; and the hospItal IS 6 miles away. A pony and trap is at hand for transport.

Should I be doing right if I tied leg s and t9gether with bandages and rem.ove? patIent to hospItal m the trap or should I leave him In the cottage? Please advise

The Textbook (R ule d, p. 146 ) answers your query; and attempts at removing such a patient by the method of trapsport named would be justly stigmatised as ". Meddlesome FIrst Aid" more particularly in view of the Rule Just quoted and of 7, p. 50. Indeed, the pony and trap should. only used as a means of obtaining medical assistance, pendmg arrival of which the patient should be treated as on p. 145 and the fracture controlled by tying lower limbs together at knees, legs and ankles.- N.C. F.

FRACTURE OF CLAVICLE AND SCAPULA.

W. D. (Guildford).-\V'ith to your answer to query of above title published In January Issue, I regret I am unable to follow your instructions as to the appltcatlon of bandages and shall welcome further details.

You do not state your precise difficulty, and so - I ca nnot help you to understand what is quite clear to other correspondents. If, however, you can borrow.,a B.R:C.S. (N? I ) Manual, you will see in Fig. 36 the applted to enCllcle the armpits and tied together behmd across the and in any old copy of our Textbook ( lith to 3Jst editIOns ) you will see in Fig. 23b. the way in which a broad bandage may be appl ied "to keep elbows back and to serve as support for patient s hands and forearms III front. -N.C.F.

FRACTURES OF SCAPULA, CLA VICLE AN D HUMERUS.

T. P. (G arston ).- At team pt:actise the other day we to treat a man who was supposed to have hIS scapula, clavicle and upper end of humerus, all IOJunes on the one side. We all differed in our treatment; and, as the c.ase gave rise to lengthy decision, we shall greatly appreciate your assistance.

WIthout doubt the fracture of upper end ?f humerus is the most likely fracture to become compound or and compltcated. I ts treatment, therefore, controls the situation in view of the Object of Treatment of Fractures (Textbook.p. 48 )..

Under these circumstances, should omit pad l!l aXilla and arm.sling, and should flex patient's forearm at nght across his chest; then I should apply a broad bandage Its above middle of arm round 11mb and body, and tIe It off firmly on opposite .side; finally, I a second bandage in similar fashion round elbow of Injured SIde and body.N.C.F.

BLEEDING FROM FEM ORAL ARTERV.

J.P. ( N ew South Wales). -In a here"a man -" while in a remote place With no dwellmg near -was supposed to have a barbed-wire fence and t? have received a wound which penetrated hIS left groIn and injured the femoral artery.

Our team relied solely on relays of who exerted continuous digital pressure. The exammer, how-

AID. - February, 1924-.

ever, stated afterwards that, if the artery could be controlled by- the thumb. it could be equally well controlled by pad and figure-of-eight bandage over the .grol.n, more as digital pressure could nol be tra nsport over a long distance to hospital. ThIS opmlon bemg contrary to the usual views, we welcome your comments.

Was the competition run on the S.J.A.A. Manual? If so, then in view of the definite warning of the Textbook (p. 97)" no' realiy satisfa cto ry t ourniqllet has been dev ised for COlJlpression at thz's point ( upper third of femoral artery ), the rulmg of your examiner was wrong.

As you say, most authorities that digital press.ure only is possible for th is part of th e (and for arteries. Further, your exammer s argument that pressure could not be maintained dUring tran sport over a diStance is discounted by the fact that First-Alders have done so !- I .C.F.

BL EE DIN G fR OM PALr..J: OF H A D.

J. P. (New South Wales ) :- In a recent com petition a. man was supposed to have received a wou nd of right palm which extended from below Wrist to middle fingers, was bleeding slightly and palpably contained grass and dirt. Some candiJates treated with "hand closed," others with "hand open," but the examiner stated the hand should have been kept in extended POSltt0ll: With a spl in t placed along back of hand a11:d then placed arm-sling. Do you see any speCIal advantage 10 th iS treatment and would you sanction a padded splmt on palmar of hand wi th a St. John sl ing to support limb ?

1 see no advantage in apply ing splint to back of hand ; but if 1 had to use a splint, then provided that Textbook mstructions were faithfully carried out, 1 would place it on palmar aspect of hand because thereby pressure wCluld more equally distributed on wound and antiCipate any pOSSible recurren t and severe bleeding.

As a fa ct however, do not sanction the use of a splint. On the "grass and dirt " not being" foreign bodies o( a character ,d do further damage t/ pressed up on " ( Rule ro, Textbook p. 85), 1 ,should prefer the ordmary treatment for H ce morrhage from Palm as set out on p. 96 . Further, as the presence of grass and dirt in a wound would it "ob vio u sly dirty," I, as an examiner, expect candidates, doing this to carry out prellDlOary treatment for these foreIgn bodies as detailed in Rules 7, 8 and 9 of Textbook ( p 84)·N.C.F.

USE S OF COLLODION.

W. H. (Liverpool) :-Pl ease tell us what are the use!5 of Collodion.

Collodion, if painted on the dries and cove:s it with a thin protective layer. soaked. 10 collodion may be used to hold a small dreSSIng 10 place whIch it does when the overlapping edgei of the gauze dry on the skin. 1ts use, however, is beyond th e scope of r'd because it is a more or less permanent dreismg.-N.C. F.

FRACT YRES OF CLAVICLE AND HUMERUS.

B. W. ( Hartlepool).-At a recent class the treatment of Simple Fractures of Clavicle and Humerus ( both injuries on left side) gave rise to much discussion. We agreed in the end to submit the point to your decision; and we shall be glad if you will kindly tell us what you consider the correct treatment.

Provided that the" Surroundings" do not call for modification of treatment, then the fractured humerus is presumably the more serious injury and demands priority in treatment. So deal with this fracture with !5plints and bandages in the

February, 1914 -FIRST

(See FREE Coupon be/ow)

Written by Eminent Specialists, Practisin2 Physicians & SUr 2€OnS.

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Describes in Simple Language with Helpful Coloured Plates and Diagrams DISEASES OF MEN, AND CHILDREN. WOMEN THEIR CAUSE, TREATMENT AND CURE.

With Complete Instructions on Preventative Medicine, the Science of Hygiene, Physical Culture, etc,

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Moth e rs who wish their daughters to develop naturally will find exactly the teaching they need.

Women ov e r 40 will find their difficulties regarding health frankly discussed

WHAT WOULD YOU DO in the ABSENCE of a DOCTOR?

Som e tim e s it is a case of Life or Death. We can q uote you many instances where lives have been saved by quick r e ference to THE HOUSEHOLD PH YS ICIAN.

For those-men a s we ll as wom e n-who have r ea ched those middle years when Nature tells them: "Go slowly at this c ross ing if you want to enjoy a healthy old age." here is wise counsel and skilled practical direction. There are hundreds of subjects of value to all. The muscles, teeth, digestion, hair, food values, Ju Jitsu, phrenology. How to diagnose diseases from appearance of head, face, neck, tongue, throat, pers pi ration, etc., etc.

A FEW OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED IN "THE HOUSEHOLD PHVSIClAN."

lIow to Tr eat Accidents

N ourishing Value of Foods

Treating Disea.l. b) \Vater

" IIerb" Root and Salt Remedies

Baths and Ball-ing

D eling and IIeallh

Dieting- for DIsease

Physical Cultu re

Fxerci es for all Purposes

T emperaments and ('onslilutions

What to co ;n Emergencies

Veterinarr Medicines

\' eteri nary urgery

Trea tments for Beauty

Beau ty Prescri ptions

Tr eatme nts for all Skin Diseases

lI ow to Read Symptoms

rI ow to Diagnose Pain

All About Il ealthy O ld Age

Sleep, Beds a nd Bedding Infu si() ns, Ointments

Plants and Roots in Medici ne

The Eye

The Ea r

The Throat

The ose

T he Chest

The Heart

Th e Stomac b

The Liver

The T eeth

The Muscles

In fant Welfare

First Aid Dise ases

The Expec ta nt l\I othe r

H app), M o therho od

Osteopathy

l\' eu rasthenia

Thyr oid G la nd

The Lun gs

Adenoids

Pleurisy

The Principles of Hygiene

Th e Principles of Anatomy

The Principles of Pharmacy

The Principles ()f Nur sing

Sick Room

Inv a lid Cookery

To Mdke Wines and Tonics for Invalids

Ovarian Diseases

Occupational Diseases

Surgical DIseases

BraID and N erve Diseases

Venereal and Sexual Diseases

Diseases of Old Age

Diseases of Infanc)' and Childhood

The Principles of Phrenology

Di seas es of Hair and Head

Diseases of the Heart

Practical T eaching About Consumption Etc Etc., Etc.

THREE OF THE HUNDREDS OF TESTIMONIALS.

" I have read several popular medical work, but ne \'er before have I seen one which con ta ins slIch a wealth of information presented in so lucid a manner."

"Th ey co ntain th e most valuable information anyone can wish for. N o household ought to be with out theR1."

" I sh ould like to exp re ss my gratitude at th e magnificent Editio n, as they are honestly worth more."

YOU CANNOT AFFORD TO IGNORE THIS INFORMATION.

-Fttts1'

ordinary way; then fix in posItIOn an axillary pad ( unless specially contra-indicated by hIgh position of fracture); then in place of the small (or St. John) arm-sling use a broad bandage to bind elbow and forearm to body. By thus keeping forearm at right angles to arm, you avoid risk of converting simple fracture of arm into compound or/ and complicated, while at the same t i me you effect control of broken clavicle.-N.C.F.

USES OF WITCH-HAZEL.

H. \IV. (Wav eltree ). -Please be good en:)Ugh to tell me (I) what are the uses of Witch-hazel and (:!) where can I obtain a B.R.C.S. Manual.

(I) Witch·hazel contains tannic acid which gives it astringen t qualities. Diluted with water, it may be used for bruises and sprains, for capillary bleeding from small wounds, or for bleeding from nose or tooth socket.

(2) You can get a D R.C.S. l1anual from your local booksell er or direct from the Society at 19, Berkel ey -Street, W.

SHOCK OR MALINGERING?

R. C. (Timbuc three).-Recently I had to treat a man who' as I was told, had been run over both thighs by a dray. Excluding fractures and hremorrhage, I found marks on clothing over right thigh, and below this a bruise. Signs of Shock beIDg marked and the patient being of small stature, I carried him into a neighbouring public bouse where I treated him for shock by keeping warm and administering hot drinks. Patient rapicily recovered; his pulse became stronger; his face assumed normal colour ; and his tremblings ceased.

No doctor or ambulance being available, those in a uthority decided that patient should be handed over to the police, more especially as he had no fixed abode. By the way, one man gave him his dinner and some others gav e him money to help patient" on h s way."

To my utter astonishment the police on arrival regarded the accident as "a farce." They asked patient some questions, then made him walk round the room, which he di(l with evident pain and dif:Jculty. Next, they asked the man if he had ever been in jail, and receiving a negative answer, volunteered the suggestion that he would soon get there, and ended their" examination" (save the mark !) by ordering my patient to walk out of the publichouse. Th is occurrence has now become locally the topic of a farce:

N ow, Sir, I know that the man actually suffered from shock, and I agreed to the police being summoned because I wished to carry out Textbook instructions and to " place patient in charge of a responsible person!" Apparently in th is instance the" respomible personsl" jumped to the conclusion th a t the man was leg-pulling; and as a FirstAider I want to know what constitutes "a responsible person. " Please give your views, but conceal my identity.

On your statement of facts your action was perfectly corr ect and your treatment so successful that apparently no definite evidence of "accident or sudden illness" remained except the bruised hip. For your information a "responsible perso n " is one who is "liable to be called to account or render satis faction "-a definition which leaves you smiling, because you at any rate did your duty towards one of life 's unfortunates In t im e of need. At the same time the police sometimes know more than you think; and in my own neighbourhood there Ilsed to be a man who could throw an "epileptic fit" (and his 11 at), at any time or place, prov ided that there was no police co nstable by to apply the never-failing remark and remedy.--" Chu ck it, Bertie, and clear off.!" -N .C.F.

AlD. - February, 1924.

ordinary accident on an Association football ground. A player slipped when intercepting the ball and fell with another player on top of him. He was carried off the field; but five minutes later hewas ableto resume and played out the game. Later in the day he visited his doctor who was surprised to find that patient had broken his collar bone. I welcome your comments.

If you look up your Textbook, you will find that Fracture of Clavicle is peculiar in that-" arm on injured side s partially helpless." In other words it is quite possible to find more or less free movement of upper limb with fractures of clavicle. This is especially the case when the outer third of the clavicle is involved and is more easily understood when you remembe r that the clavicle is the" keybone" of the shoulder·girdle and serves to keep out the point of shoulder. Further, in the exc ite· ment of the game the pain of the fracture would be minimised If you are sllrprised at an Association player carrying on with a fractured clavicle, you will probably be still more sur prised to learn that I have known a Rugby full -bac k to do t he same.-N.C.F.

R.N.A.S.B.R.

E. E. (Hebburn.-All particulars as to enlistment Rates of Pay, &c., of the Royal Taval Auxiliary Si c k Berth Reserve can be obtained from the Secretary, S.] A. B., St. ] ohn's Gate Clerkenwell, E.C I. The Reselve IS only open to members of the Brigade, at present it is full and has a waiting list.

RIBDONS A D l\1l.!,DALS.

N.C.O. ( Bristol) ,-M embers of the Drigade are duly authorised to wear ribbons and medals of fore ign decorations provided that the necessary permission for the authorizatIOn to accept the decoration, has previously been re c eived from the Foreign Office.

The Medaille Militaire is the highest decoration awarded by the French Government, being equivalent to the V.C. of the British Army.

If you have a good business Advertise and keep it , if no t, Advertise and get it.

Spare the Advertisements and spoil the business, "Advertising is to business-the great propeller. "

If you wish people to know who you are-ADVERTISE !

If you wish people to know what you are-ADVERTISE !

If you wish people to know where you are-ADVERTISE: you wish to know how to properly Advertise, write to Manager, FIR ST Am, 46, Cannon Street, E.C·4.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In U PRESCRIPTION READINC" and " ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC. "

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once.

A member 01 S.J.A.B. writes :_IC I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T.B.)

Special terms now-half fees-to members of S.J.A.B., &c. Apply (stamp) to MR. ]. E. WALDEN, Sec .!. Westminster College (Lady Dispenser Section of the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 1874) 112. St. George', Road. Southwark. London.

Nu RSES' Coats for sale, cheap.-Apply Taylor, 33, Prioryroad, Sheffield.

February, 1924. -FIRST AID.-

..I "FIRST AID" I -I- TO THE INJUQED 8c SICK·

•

I Ith Edition. Fully Revised. 150thTHOUSAND.

Wztn 30I tlustrations, coloured. StIff Boards, 2/9 net, or Limp Leather, 5/3 net, P:.lst

Uniforms & Equipment ,

A CURIOUS FOOTBALL OCCURRENCE.

W. S. (Ba rrow.in .F urness).-Recently I heard of an extra·

MOULE. -O n Feb. 12th. Kathleen Helena, wife of Francis Henry Moule, The Limes, Shorncliffe-road, Folkestone, Divisional Superintendent Folkestone Nursing Division and V.A.D. Commandant Kent 26.

FIRST

AID.

"ZORBO" ( Reg. ) FIRST AID CABINETS & SURGICAL DRESSINCS

For Wounds, Cuts, SCllds lnd Burns

Use the Do yen of all Dress ings,

GERMOLENE.

'Yadil' Antiseptic First Aid.

Particulars and pn'ces from the Sole il:fanu!acluurs.'

R.OBER.T

Mo:aa-..:thly.

As

by t h e r ap idit y of its Soothing , H e a li n g A cti on .

GERMOLENE has establ i5 hed it supremacy in first aid work in every part of the world. It is unequalled for very obvious reasons:-

1. As a germicide GER:\10LENE is supreme. Septic complications are impossible where it is used. I t cleanses wounds of every partIcle of foreign matter. The bacilli of poison shrivel and die when it is applied.

2. GERMOLENE soothes immediately. There is none of the tingl ing, smarting, or paID which i5 associated with bactericidal agents so often used in the past. The action of GER;"[OLE TE is so rap d that the quick cessatIon of paID IDvanably aSlonishes the user.

3. GERMOLENE heals completely and safely. New tissue is built up in a healthy, natural manner Inflammation and festering stop because the cause is expelled.

GERMOLENE should be kept ready for use by all ambulance workers; it should certainly have a permanent place in every factory first-aid chest and in every home for immediate application in cases of cuts, wounds, scratches, scalds and burns. It is just as useful for every kind of skm complaint, and it is the doyen of all skin preparations for use in children 's ailments.

SOOTHES AT A TOUCH

Prices 1/3 and 3/-. OJ all Chemists. To M e dical Practition e rs, Hospitals, Schoo l Clinics, and to N u rs es who en close th e ir profe ssional cards, a g ener ous trial supp y of E will g adly b e sent gratIs

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'YADTL ' Antis e ptic at last makes it possible to first aid not only In accidents but also z'n d z'sease . render

Wh e n used in the treatment of wounds , cuts, bruises, 'Ya dil ' m ak es bl oo d p oisonin g impossible. I t ensures prompt h e alin g. A s e c o nd dressing IS seldom required.

Should th e re be a rIse In temperature , ' Yadil ' may be g ive n w i t hout th e s li g hte s t hesitation. This w ill check all fevers a t th e out se t.

'Y ad il ' non-i rr i t a n t. w ith a b s olut e

A nti s eptic I t c a n be safety.

IS non - pOIsonous , non - caustIC , used both e x ternally and internall y

Ambulance men who have gIven it a trial In their work have adopted it w ith enthusiasm.

Fre e booklet posted on request.

PREPARED BY Clement & Johnson Limited

Reseapch Medical Chemists

19 Sicilian Avenue London w.e.l

FIRST AID, HOME NURSING,

AID. - February, 1924

SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES.

Mount ed o n C a n vas Roll e r to p a nd b oltom. 21 S. net each. 1. H u ma n Ske let on, frrnt view. 2. Muscles, front' ie\\'. 3. Human Sk e let on b ack view 4. l\luscles, back ir\\'. s. The I1eart and principal Blood Y\!sscl s.' 6. Vi scera of t he Chest anu Abdomen (A). 7. Viscera of the Chest and .\bdomen 8 ). 8. \ -isce.ra of h e Ches anu Abd o men (C). 9. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (D). 1. System. 1 I. chematic diagram of Circulati on. 12.

MANU ALS OF FIRST·A D, &C., By N, CORBET FLETCHER, •• B., B.C" B.A.(Cantab), M,R.C,S , No w R EA DY.

AMBULANCE COMPETITION TESTS

(Stre tch e r, Indivi dua and Q uest ion - T h ree Fo lders) P ri ce 3d. ea ch ne post I ! d.

AI D8 TO FI R8T -AI D. Fifth Editi o n. P ost fre e, lid Plrst·Ald Simplified and Tabulated, with AtCls to Memory.

Col. S ir Janu s Cattt ie cotttribu es a" itttrodu ctio" a"d w e ,,,d ors e his goo a opi" i ott o/, tk book " - LA N CBT AIDS TO HOME-NURSING.

Second Editi on P r ice lId •• pos t ree. Home.Nurslug SimplifIed and Tabulated, wltb AIds to Memory.

" This booli wottderfo lly s m p lilies a complvc subject a" d sho u ld be r ead bv ai, students "- L. & N W Rv G A ZBTTII: EFFICIENCY IN FiRST-AID.

Pos t fre e, II. 3d.

Problems In Study, Treatment and ExamInation solved tor SenIor Stndent s, " W i thout dou b tk book will be 0/g-r,at service tt t k tra n ing' 0/ those for whom it is de si,t ned. "-BRITISH M EDICAl. JOURNAL COMMON ERROgS IN FIRS' -AID.

Ill. net: post 2d. Errors In FIrs t-AI d De a lled and Ex pl a Ined

"1 his book gives a clearer inSI:trltt into tlu met/L(}ds and dilJiculties oj emergency treafme"f by laymen titan tlte otJicial Textbook itseif."-LA!';CET.

WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID.

Fifth Ed i t on. Pri ce II. :zd pos free.

DlUlcnltles In Study and Treatment solved by Question lind Answer.

DALE, REYNOLDS

STREET,

WE SPECIALIZE IN S.J.A.B. UNIFORMS.

OFFIOERS' UNIFORNS, OAPS, SAM BROWNE BELTS, GREATOOATS, RANK and FILE UNIFORMS, BELTS and POUOHES, OAPS, HAVERSACKS, GLOVES, etc.

Patt erns a nd parti c uiars, with Self-measurement Forms, sen t to any address by return of post.

SPECIAL LINES.

S.J A.B. Tunic and Trousers = £2 7 6 (Black Vicuna o r Se rge)

S.J.A.B. Trousers - 12 / 6 & 16 /6 per pair (Stock, all sizes ) (P os tage 9d.)

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HINTS FOR HOSPITAL ORDERLIES. P ost ree, 8 d.

Orderly Duties SimplifIed aud Tabulated with AIds to Memory

A mos co mp act brochur e con a ns m u ch us ejul i,, /o.-nration "- PRESCRIBER

By J. M. CARVBLL M. R.C S.BDg.

AN INDEX OF V=IRST-AID.

A vade mecum for all Ambulance " 'orkers Fcap. Bvo. Cloth bound. Post free, IS. 8 d.

Th e "FE W W ORDS" S eries of Pockel Folders:-

FIRST AID .N FEW WORDS. (82nd thousand), Wi th C oloured Diagrams. I2pp Cloth, 6d. 51 rong paper. :ad Post !J.

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12 PP -72 bandaging diagrams, with nates. Strong paper, :zd. Post _ HEALTH IN FEW WORDS.

By Sir R, H FIRTH D.P H., P. R C S. 20 h Th o usand. P aper fo lde r 3 in a n d 4 in. Post free 3d. net

By HOWARD M. PRBSTON. D emo n stra lor t;"th e P olyt ech n ic.

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Its Application Accurately Desc : ibed by W o rd s and I1 6 Di ag r ams 116 Illus. Price, I S net: p ostag e 2d

THE ROLLER aANDAGE.

Its Application Accurately Described by Words and 162 D iagram s Price, s. net; pos tage, 2d.

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS.

Thirteen (I to 12 an d J 4) on Roller P ost free , 3s. 9d. net No 13 (separa t ely) Male a nd Femal e G en ita l O rga n s IS.

THE COMPLETE MANIKIN.

Systems of Body accura ely indexed. Invalu able to S t uden ts of Anatomy, Medicine, First-Aid and Allied Subjec ts. Price :3S. ne ; postage, 4d.

THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAaINa. By THBKLA BOW8BIl Illustr ated. P ost f ee, IS. :zd.

POCKET FIRST AID SERIES.

FIRST AID

- AND THEST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

No. 357.- VOL. XXX. MARCH, 1924. PRICB THREEPENCE Sill PER ANNUM POS'!" FREB

NOTICE TO READERS.

F IRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3S. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement Ot Ambulance Work In all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Reports on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes - ugges t ions for Practical Papers.

All Repor t s, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at t h e '1d dress below and should reach him before the 12th of each month, and mus t be accomp a nied (not necessarily / 01' publication) by the name and address of th e Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business Communications conn ected wi h FIRST AID should be forwarded to the DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STRBET, LONDON, E.C. 4.

1 eleg raplzic Address .' "Twent'l-/our, London."

1 elep hone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

conveyed to Paddington, and hurried to St. Mary's Hospital. His condition was critical, a nd two days later the hospital appealed for volunteers to undergo bl uod transfusion on his behalf. No fewer than 50 of his comrades responded within an hour to the call, and the transfusion was successfully carried out from one of the number. Second and third calls were made during the week following, and on each occasion there was no lack of volunteers j and the transfusion took place t h r ee ti me s in all. The patient was now said to be going on satisfac t ori ly.

The chairman said he considered th i s exampl e was worthy of the highest praise that could be b e stowed upon the men who had voluntarily offered th e ir s ervices in way on behalf of their fellow worker.

On this occasion it was also announced that Sir Ernest Palmer (Deputy Chairman of th e Great W e s t ern Railway) was presenting a Shield for competition in the advanced section in the London D i vision. Mr. Potter also stated that on behalf of his moth e r, h e want e d to offer a Shield in memory of his father, Mr. Frank Potter (late Gen e ral Manager of the Great W e stern Railway), to be known hs the "Frank Pott e r Shield, " in the beginners' s e ction.

The Samaritan Spirit.

T ES TI MON Y to the admirable spirit of ca mader ie which exists in the industrial world to·day, was evident in an incident referred . to by Mr. F. R. Potter, Divisional Superintendent, at a distribution of competition p ri zes and examination awards in connection wit h the Great Western Railway London A Division, whi ch took place at Southall, on the 13th ult.

The proceedings, which took the form of a concert, and included the usual "two-minute safety talk," a feature of these gatherings on the Great Western Railway, were organised by the energetic Divisional Secr e tary, Mr. W Gaffney.

Owing to the pressure upon our space we are compell e d to hold over the article on " A Visit to Plymouth," this will be dealt with in our next issue.

AMBULANCE NURSES COATS

A ll Woo l Grey and Bla ck S e rg e.

E xtra quality mate ri al. Stric tly t o regulation.

37/6 Postage 1/CO., 24, Commercial St., BRIGHOUSE.

In sensibi lity , (4) A sph yx ia (S us pended Breathing), (5) Frac t ures, and Spra in s, (6) W oun ds, Bites , Burns, Scald s, Rupture a nd Minor Injuries. The S e ri es COnT ains all the essentials of First Aid. Printed on linen -lined cards 3i" x Third Edi ion. 6d. net each; p os tage 2d ext ra HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS. By NOBL D. BARDSWBLL. M.V.O., M.D., P.R C.P. Fscp 8vo. limp cloth. IS. 6d. net; p ns t 2d. THE BIRTH AND EARLY DAYS OF OUR AMBULANCE TRAINS IN FRANCE-AUGUST, 191 with 5 llustrat ons. By Col. O A. MOORB, C M.O., D.S 0., M D Second Edition. P ost free IS. :zd_ net JOHN BALB, SONS 4 DANIELSSON, Ltd 88-91 OFeILt Tltc)lDeld London, W.l,

Having briefly reviewed first aid progress on the railway, Mr. Potter cited the following cas e which had Occurred at Southall.

A lad employed as a gr e aser was knocked down d uring shunting op erations at Southall, sustaining severe inj uries to the leg. Two of his colleagues (both qualified am bulance men) were at once called and applied the pre scribed treltrnent, which ultimately called forth high praise from the hospital authorities. In the meantime, oth ers h:\d arranged to specially stop the 12 noon train at SW ansea, and the unfortunate lad was placed on a stretcher,

The annual report of th e Pre ston C orps states th a t the Headquarters' acquired cost £3,000, of which .£ 1,000 was paid off from funds, and the r e maining £2,000 mortgage has been reduced to £700.

The Wombwell Hospital Mo v ement Ambulanc e Competition will be held on June 7th, 1924. All persons wishing to enter for the Male Competition may obtain Entry Forms from th e Secretary, Mr. J. Davey, 17, York Street, Worn bwell.

-FIRST

:The Grand :pfiorg of the Order of the )(ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in &ngland. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

3'he St. John J\mbulanee Srigade.

Prince of Wales's DISTRICT

COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

ORDERS.

AID. - March, 1924'

that all applications and fees must reach Head Quarters no t later than March 3 1St. Entry forms may be had on applicat ion to Head Quarters.

APPOI NTMENTS.

The Commissioner wishes to announce that the followin g appointments have been sanctioned :-. ".

Captain L. H. R. Claydon as Asslstant CommIssIoner In Charge Central Area. .,.

Dr. Ernest McIntyre, as Acting ASSIstant 1,0mrPissioner In charge of Southern Area, both with e ffect from March 2:md , 19 2 4.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commissioner

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL APRI L, 1924.

April 6th-No. TO D ivi sion St. Mark's.

" 13th-No. 13 " Cross. 20th- o. 15 " East Ham.

" 27th-No. r r " Wembley and Harlesden.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8. p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m.

EFFICIENCY CUP COMPETITION.

This has been arranged to take place at the Merchant TaylOI s School, Charterhouse Square, E.C . I, on Saturday, April 12th, at 3 p.m.

All members are invited to attend Competing teams will be advised of times for assembling.

PRELIMINARY COMPETITIONS.

The following prel i minary competitions will be held at St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, on the dates shown : -

April 22nd, 6 .')0 p.m., Nursing Bowl.

" 24th, 7.30 p.m., Gent Cuy. 26t h, 3 p.m., Osborn ShIeld.

6 30 p.m ., Perrott Shield.

securing over 50. per cent. in. the Nursing Bowl and Gent Cup prelImmary competitIons, WIll be entitled to enter for Finals on May 3rd.

Divisional Supts. and members in charge of Divisions, are urged to enter for as many competitions as possible.

REVISION OF SURGEONS' ROLL.

The Head Quarters Roll of Surgeons bein g incomplete in many instances wi th reference to correct initials and present addresses and telephone numbers of Divisional Surgeons and whether they wear Brig-ade Uniform or not, the District Surgeon will be greatly obliged if Supts. of Am.bulance and Divisions will be good enough to adVise hIm on these pomts at an early date

LIME LIGHT LANTER LECTURES.

For the instruction of Divisions the District Surgeon has obtained offers of lime-light lantern lectures (without fee) from Mr. W. H. Fincha:n ( " History of the Order of St. John, " )

Colonel G. A. Moore, C.B., (" of Wounded from Firing Line to Base,") and Dr. Corbet Fletcher, (" Some in I n his turn he offers these lectures to combznatzons 01 DZVZSZ01ZS in different parts of the District and is prepared to allot them where the greatest good will result to the greatest num bers. Superintendents are, therefore, invited to make earlyapplication to the District Surgeon for these lectures, to state the names of the Divisions which are combining for this purpose, and to give an approximate estimate of the numbers of memberswhowish to avail themselves of this exceptional opportunity. The Divisions must in each case provide lantern and operator. OFFICERS SUBSCRIPTIONS.

Officers are reminded that some subscriptions are st ill outstanding which were due in January. The District Treasurer will be glad if they will kindly give this matter their attention. COMPETITIONS.

Offirers and Members in charge of Divisions are reminded

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending ne ws paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of pub ltcation of the newspapers.-EDITOR.

No. 84 ( T WICKE HAM) DIVISIO -I t came a great shoc k to each member of No. 84 ( Twickenham) Division wh en the y were informed of the sudden death of Supt., Capt. J. E. Palme r, V.D., which took pla( e on Tuesday 27th February last. He was serv ing in his shop less than half an hour before when he appeared to be as usual, no one thinking of what wa s so shortly to happen.

On Friday, the 29th February, the DIVISion ( WIth fe w exceptions ), under Sergeant Gordon, followed the their last resting place. The first part of the Bunal SerVI ce was taken at Holy Trinity Church, and after the internmen t, each member filed past the open grave and gave a final salute afterwards being addressed by Lieut.-Colonel F. A. Brook s, M.D. who spoke feelingly of the late Supt. and his work for the Div :sio n and asked each one to go forward and carryon th e great and good work, he had had to lay

Great credit has been glven the DlVIsion for the promp way it tllrned out, practically at a few hours notice.

Representatives of No. 52 N. ( ursing we re prese nt in the Church, they and No. 8-+ DIVISIon sendIn g wreaths.

Captain Palmer will be greatly missed from the which he worked so hard to form. He had the welfare of It a t heart, it was his firs( thoughts, and but for his financial help, 1 would not bt! in the safe position it is tn·day

The Division is now in charge of Sergeant H. C. Gordon whose address is 35, Th ird Cross Road, Twickenham, Middlese x. No. 2 District.

PORTS:\lOUTH.- The annual meeting and re-union wa s held in the Grand Jury Room of the Town Hall on Jan. 24th Dr. C. Mayhew to ok the chair, supported by Dr. Lysande r Maybury, both Hon. Surgeons. There were present Lad y SlptS and Mrs. Fuljames, Lady Ambulance Officers and 25 !Ambnlance Sisters; the Ambulance Division of 10 men under Ambulance Officer Louch and Sergt. Mockford and also the Gosport and Alverstoke Ambulance Division of 20 men under Supt. Salter and Ambulance Officer Reed General Huskisson, C.N.G ,represented the Alv erstoke Branch of the Association, and Miss Pain e the Alverstoke V.A.D

The meeting opened with the reading of their reports by the Han. Treasurer and the Hon. Secretary of the NurslDg Division, and Amb. Officer Louch of the Ambulance Division.

In the unavoidable absence, owing to the weather, of La dy Timpson, General Huskisson very klDdly presented the awards, which consisted of 9 First A1d Certificates, 3 medallions, 20 labels and pendants for the Nursing Division, and S label s and two medallions for the Portsmouth Ambulance Division. The Lady Pink Shield was won by Miss Walters at the competition held in November last, and the four next a:embers in order of merit, received silver serviette rings.

The Lady Supt. proposed a hearty vote of thanks to the doctors of the town who were so kind in coming to lecture to the Division; and to the Mayor for the use of the room that night, and the vote was seconded by L. A. Officer Miss Hunt,

-FIRST

Dr. Maybury replied for the Doctors, and Dr. C. Mayhew in his closing remarks urged on his hearers the importance of lea rning First Aid and Home Nursing, and said he hoped ever yone present would do their utmost to induce at least one friend to join and attend classes, as he had known death occur, more than once, through ignorance of simple facts and rules of physiology.

Refreshments were then served, and afterwards a musical programme was rendered by rytiss Nellthorp, and Messrs. Nettlet horp, Farnley and BaldWIn, and an enjoyable evening was brought to a close at 9.30 by the si nging of the National \nth (tm.

No. 3 Dbtrict.

BIRl\.JINGHAII1.-We regret to record the loss of a fine oftk er in Divisional Supt. J. F. Lisle of the New-street ( L. M. & S. R. ) division, who died on F ebruary loth after a very s hort illness. On the 13th he was interred at Sol ihull attended b y a contingen t of his own men and others of the Corps to which he belonged to the number of about So.

On the Sunday following a memorial service was held at S t. John's Church, Sparkhill, where Supt. Lisle had been a

AID - I95

be the motto of the Lawlay-street division of the Birmingham Corps.

Having by energy aad perseverance obtaine d a number of new members, this division faced the problem of obtaining uniform and equipment. A peep into the divisional cash-box did not help, so a concert was decided on. By what wiles they managed it is not known, but they succeeded in securing the services of the City Pol ice Band (b y the courtesy of the chi ef constable), and also of Mr. Percy Edgar of the British Broadcasting Company. These with several other well-known artistes contributed a varied and delightful programme much to the enjoyment of a large audience.

Congratulations are extended to Supt. J. Ross, Ambulance Officer Simpson, and Corporal Jeffs, upon the success of their efforts. Judging by their smiling faces after the concert there is no doubt about the provision of those un iforms.

KING'S HE ATH.- A well -organised whist-drive and dance was held on March at King's Norton, and Div!. Supt. Parsey and Ambub:1ce Officer Craven are to be congratulated on a successful evening.

During the proceedings Corps Surgeon E. \V. Parsey thanked the company for their attendance and the assistance

The Victoria Nursing Division of the Leeds Corps with the trophies they won last season. wo rshipper and active worker. The service was attended by the Assistant Commission er for Birmingham, the district officer, the corps staff, and a hundred divisional officers and men.

Divisional Supt. Lisle had, by his devotion to duty, his charming personality and his unfailing courtesy, won the r espect, admiration, and esteem of everyone with whom he c ame in contact.

Snow Hill (Gt. \Vestern Railway) Division has to record t he loss of another member in Sergeant Haynes, who died on March roth, 19 2 t.

Sergeant Haynes had been a zealous worker with a long record of service, having joined the Brigade in 1902 He s erved in France during- the Great War.

In the recent district ambulance competition held by the G.W.R., the Snow Hill contingent sent in two teams which took first and second places. I t is gratifying to note that the team winning first place was composed entirely of members of Snow Hill division of the Birmingham Corps. Cong-ratulatlon.s are extended to Divisional Supt. Overbury on the achI evement.

" If you want a thing well done, do it yourself, " seems to

given to Divisio nal Funds, and impressed on all present the Importance of takIng up the study of First Aid. He also the .o.n their consistently good work, and mentIOned that the DIVISIon had prov ided two members of the Corps staff. All the mem bers of the Corps Staff attended during the evening.

The greatest social event in the history of the LeIcester St. John Ambillance Association and Brigade took plac.e, in spite of the severe weather, in the De Hall, Leicester, on February 27th last, over 900 friends and members being present, showing their appreciation of the new movement. The event was a Dance and \Vhist Drive the proceeds of which are to be devoted to the ursing Uniform Fund.

arrangements were in the capable hands of the Social Committee,. Supt. A. W \i\Talker, Association SecrE'tary W. Jack, DIVISIonal Supts. H. L. Tucker and H. Elliofr, First Officer, H. Lockton, Sergt. H. Lucas, Nursing Officers Miss Knight, Mrs. Smalley, Mrs. Sibley, Miss Wells and l\liss Allen.

The hall was most tastefully decorated, and the multi-

-FIRST

coloured electric lighting effects in a bower of palms in the centre of the floor gave a most beautiful fairy-like to the strains of Arthur Merrall's select orchestra, which was greeted with applause throughout the evening:. The M.C.'s for the dance were Mr. \V. Tack, Mr. S. Squires, Sergt. H. Lucas and Private S. Cooper. For the whist drive .the M.C.'s were Supt. Dexter, Staff Sergeant \Y. Coleman, First Officer Martin and Sergeant Lacey.

Most attractive prizes were given by members of both Association and Brigade, and in the unavoid<l:ble absence of the Leicester Mayoress through illness, the highly honoured and respected Lady Su.pt. Miss M. Mu.sson aC.ted in stead. A very pleasing attractIOn was to see httle MISS Rene .Tucker and Miss Eileen Brew in carrying a huge basket of rated with the colours of the Order, and present It to MISS M. Musson.

After the presentation of prizes, Miss Musson gave a very pleas ing little speech, and said that she would like such an appropriate and splendid emblem of our cause to go to the Children s Hosp tal, Royal Infirmary, Leicester. Corps Supt. \Valker later carried out th is w ish.

No. 5 District.

The Nursing Competition for the "Ellison Shield n was held at the Victoria Cafe , Saltaire, on February 9th. The number of entries was rather disappointing, only four teams putting in an appearance great keeness shewn by the competitors. The CompetitIOn was very ably Judged by Dr. J. A. Sutherland and M r s Sutherland ( Cleckheaton) and Assistant Commissioner, Captain Ellison and District Officer Holdworth were also present. A telegram was received before the commencement from District Officer Robina Viscountess Mountgarret, O.B.E expressing regret that owing to illness she would not be able to be present. Dr. Sutherland in his remarks stated that great keeness w a s shewn and the following was the placing of the Teams I, Leeds Victoria; 2 , Bradford Tramways (a ) ; 3, Bradford Tramways (b ); 4 S altaire Mills. The arr<l:ngements were capably carried out by the members of.the Shipley Corps. under the supervision of Corps. Supt. Captam Allen.

CLEETHORPES.-At a social gathering in connection with tbe Division held !March 5th at the Varre Cafe, Cleethorpes, a presentat ion was made to Dr. W. H. Fisher, the Hon. Surgeon of the Division, in recognition of his services.

The gift was 3. card table, which was formally banded over by Supt. J. Paddison, who said Dr. was .the of the Division of 1905, and had remamed faithful to It throughout the series of cbanges they h ad

In acknowledging the gift, Dr. Fisher said he had been proud to be associated :vvith the. Division which a ?appy family. They held their own With any other DIVISIOn 10 the old days, and he hoped they would continue to do so. They were looking after the interests of their fellow men.

Sergeant Boswell proposed a vote of thanks to Dr. Fisher.

Dr. Best, hon. surgeon to the Division, made reference to the good comradeship that existed among the members. Dr. Fisher presented a long service medal to Corporal Ph llips.

Corporal Phillips briefly returned thanks.

Mrs. Best presented prizes to the successful competitors at the whist drive which preceded the ceremony. No.6 District.

DI ST RICT COl\IPE Tl TlONS .-For the past three months, preliminary tests c O,unty .finals have held .to determine to compete in the District CompetitIOns, :-",hlch were held in the Darlington Techmcal and Commercial Schools, on Saturday, the 15th instant.

Northumberland commenced enthusiastically, entering eight teams for the County Bronze Shield Competition and seven for the Gibbon Bowl. The epidemic of influenza, however, became a serious handicap, and devastated several teams. The County Finalists were, therefore, fortunate, not only in withstand ing the prevalent complaint but in experiencing a less arduous contest than they would otherwise have done. For

A I D.- March, 1924.

the Northumberland Bronze Shield, the North Division of the Armstrong-Whitworth Corps beat the "A " team from St. Peter s Works divi<;ion by 18 7 marks to 180, and for the selection of the team to represent the County in the District Final Competition for the Gibbon Bowl, the North Division beat the" B " team from St. Peter ' s Works Division by 18 7 marks to 174. The Carl Division from the A s bington Coal Co. Corps will represent Northumberland in the Palmer Trophy Competition. Dr. Gordon of Blyth and Dr. West rope of Gateshead were the judges.

The teams entered for the Durham County Finals found the competition a good deal more keen. Seven w.ere entered for the Bron ze Shield, and after the prellmlDane s, Brandon Colliery team beat the Blackhall Colliery team by 282 points to 272. For the Palmer Bowl District F!nal, th e Dean and Chapter "A " team was selected, beating the Houghton-Ie-Spring Colliery team by 2 87 points to 259, an d for the Gibbon Bowl District Final the Brandon C olliery tea m was selected, beating the Blackhall Colliery team (" B ") b y 308 points to 28 9 Drs. Penfold ( B ishop Auckland ), Douga ll (Dunston ), Rodgers and McPherson ( Synder la?d ) Palle tt (Newcastle, Garson ( Sacriston \ and wer e the judges A team from Fellmg Colliery will al s o compe te for the District Challenge Shield

The North and East R idings of York s h ire have been le ss ambitious this year than formerly They will be represented in the District Final by a team from M iddlesbrough Centra Division and in the Gibbon Bowl Compet it ion by Middle sbrough Central and Eaton Divis ions

For the District Nurs n g Troph ies, the Armstron gWhitworth Nursing team, whICh hold the Potter Cup, wil represent Northumberland. A team from th e Division will - with a team fr om the Darlmgton d lvlslonrepresent Durham, and a team from the Youn g Pe?ple 's Institute :t'l ursing Divisien at Hull, wh ic h holds the Ladles of Yorkshire Cup, will represent the North a nd R din g s of Yorkshire in competing for the Distr ict Burdon Challen g e Cup. For the county finals for the nurs in g- c om p et ition s, Dr. Anderson of Seaton D elaval, Dr. P allett of N ew ca stle, a n d Dr. Henson of Hull were the j udges.

HETT ON-LE·HoLE - The first A n nual C adet C a rn ival of the above Div ision wa s held on 1ar c h 8 th in the Mason iC Hall, Hetton-Le-Hole.

There was a n attendan c e of 180 C a de ts, bo ys a nd g irl s their parents and friends, a very ple a sent even ing v. as s pent. _

The duties of M C s were ably earned out by M r J. '\ Colling for dancing, and the games were c ondu c ted b y Mrs. J. Kennedy.

The music was rendered by Mr. A. B la c klo c k, V lolm ls t, and Master J. Horsley, Pianist, wh ich was appre cia ted b y a ll present.

All the arran g ements were ably ca rr ied out by the Act in g Cadet Officer, Mr. J. W. Coll ing.

NEWC ASTLE- UPO N-TY NE. - On the Thursday ev enin g, January 31st, Dr. F R. H. Laver ic k, gave an interest n.g discourse to the local mem bers of the B rigade upon" Dome s t IC and Personal Hygiene."

One of the greatest so c ial que s t ions of the day, if not t he greatest, was the maintenance of the people in good healt h and if regarded with proper attent ion and consideratio n, would materially advance the happiness and comfort of ma nkind.

D iscussing health and di s ease, the le c turer pointed out that whilst people may think they are and may appe a r, perfectly they m ay even then be the subjects of a disease which may result m death. Nor could the seventy of a disease be judged merely from the pain or discomfort whi ch it caused, as many fatal diseases give rise to comparativel y few symptoms. Further, conditions which are normal at on e period may be abnormal and indicate disease at another a ge period. Disease might, therefore, be roughly defined as th at "condition of an individual in which there exists, apart fro m age changes, a harmful change in the blood structures or functions usually found in the average person of any particul ar race.

Disease is the condition of an individual, and not of a

March, 1924. -FIRST

pa rticular .structure, thereby implying that all parts of the b ody are upon each other. Changes in the b ody, however, which are more or less inseparable from g rowth and advancing years, are not disease, although they ha ve the effect of rendering mdividuals more prone to some di seases and less to others. For example, it was a common id ea amongst a certain class of mothf'rs that their children mu st have measles. This, of course, was quite wronga lthough children were more prone to measles than adults.

Many harmful changes, thought by the individual to be due to no cause but age, are really penalties paid for youthful indiscr etions and subsequent disregard of nature's law and warnings.

For example, fatigue, which is due to the pressure in the issues of poisons resulting from exertion, is a harmful change which exists temporarily, but it is usual and unless it is too e xc essive, it is quickly removed by nature's remedy-rest. N atural fatigue is not disease.

Functions or duties are assigned to every part of the body, m d failure of any part to perform its function creates disease. i\ harmful change in sensations, physical or mental, apart from 'lg e changes, is a sympton of disease and not a disease itself. S uc h change should be regarded as a warning that something

AID.- 197

provement in the health of the community and a great de c rease in the death rate.

The lecturer dwelt at some length upon the life and habits of some of the harmful bacteria and the production of toxins, emphasising the fact that sunlight was most fatal to them, whilst darkness and moist warmth were favourable. They were unable to survive excessive moist heat, but a higher temperature was necessary when dry heat was used for their destruction. He reminded his hearers, however, that bacteria were also our greatest friends, as without them there w;::mld probably be no vegetable growth for the sustenance of human life.

Experience had shown that the most effective way of combating the poisonous effects of these hostile parasitic organisms was by the exercise of scrupulous cleanliness of person (especially of tbe teeth), of surroundings, of the home, air, water, and of food; and this in turn produced cleanliness of habit and of mind.

It sbould be the aim of each one not only to keep health up to the standard, but to improve it until it was well above the standard. It is the duty of every person in his own interest

P h otograph by] [H. Oliv er Ne wton Abbott

Members of the Newton Abbott Division who won the District Nursing at Plymouth last month is probably out of order with some structure. Ordinary worry wa s a fruitful cause of strain and consequently of disease. In this connection, suggestion and mental persuasion were potent a g ents for the promotion both of health and disease. I n fact, It was generally recognised that many harmful results could be di re c tly traced to the alarm and despondency created by reading so me of the more lurid patent medicine acivertisements, whilst, on t he other hand, health could be strengthened by favourable suggestion.

There was a large number of diseases the primary cause of wh ic h was unknown, but there was a number of recognised pr edisposing causes which could be included in the following te n groups ;-

I, Occupation ; 2, Food and Feeding; 3, Parasites; 4, Injury; 5, Poison; 6, Climate; 7, Clothing; 8, Environment; 9, Heredity; 10, Worry.

Generally speaking, the causes all implied sorr.e type of P? lsoning, and many diseases have in recent years been dI scovered to be due to parasitic organisms. Increased knowledge of these during the last fifty years had lead not only t o a decrease in the diseases due to them, but in a general im-

and in the interest of the community to study how he can best maintain his own health.

Afterwards Dr. Rutter, who occupied the cha ir, opened a keen discussion.

No. 10 District.

IpSWICH.- The Annual Meeting of the Ipswich Centre, which was started so long ago as 1880, was held in Council Chamber of the Town Hall on Monday evening March 3 rd Lady Perrott, R.R.C. (Lady Supt.-in-Chief of Nursing Corps. and Divisions) attended to explain the work of the new V.A.D. Scheme. Previous to the meeting Lady Perrott held an inspection of the Ipswich Nursing Corps and Felixstowe Division. Lady District Officer Miss Bohun Coulcher was in charge, supported by Miss Haggar, A.R.R.C. (Lady Corps Supt. ) and Miss Lloyd (Lady Supt. of Felixstowe. ) Lady Perrott was received by the Commissioner ( Dr. J. F. C. Hossack ) and the Assistant-Commissioner for Suffolk (Dr. S. O. Eades) and passed through a guard of honour of members of Ipswich Corps under the command of Corps Supt. F. Pawsey. The district

staff consisted of Captain Gooderham, Messrs. Hill, Damant and Sergt.- ).,Iajor Lord together with Corps Officers Smith and Moffat. The Mayor, ( Dr. J. R. Staddon) vice-president of the Centre presided and was accompanied by the Mayoress, Miss Mary Coulcher, C.B.E., the veteran ambulance enthusiast, Councillors T. Parki ngton, ( Treasurer) and A Woolford, (President of L & .E. Railway Division.) The mayor in opening dealt with the different phases of the duties, eulogising the noble aim5 of the ambulance movement and paying a great tribute to the noble and self-sacrificing efforts of its originators in the district, Miss Mary Coulcher, C.B .E. and the late Colonel Elliston. By request of the President of the Centre, H.H. Princess Marie Louise, the mayor presented the awards gained during the year Dr. Hossack appealed for more practical sympathy from the subscribing public on behalf of the cause and to help in relie\' ing financial embarrassment caused in the outlay recently involv ed in purchasing a new motor ambulance for the town and district. Mr. Rowley Elliston (nephew of the late Colonel Elliston, s.n., V.D ) asked Lady Perrott to acc ept a siJ.ver cup for No. IO District from the family, to be known as the" Elliston Challenge Cup" to perpetuate the memory of the late Commission er and to promote a spirit of healthy rivalry amongst those of the various nursing divisions in the distri ct who were still carrying on the good work started by him. Lady Perrott accept ed the trophy, on behalf of the Or der of St. John, with heartfelt thanks and, at once, handed it over to the Comrr.issioner, (Dr. Hossack) who said they would always treasure it and see that it was put to its best use. Votes of thanks to Lady P errot and the Mayor conduded a most successful meeting.

No. II (S.E. & C.R.) District.

The death by accident of Sergt. C. W. Stanley has robbed the Deal and \\' almer division of a keen ambulance worker. The funeral took place at Walmer on February 12th when representatives of the U rban D istrict Council, Walmer Baptist Church, St. Mary's Church, local V.A.D., Red Cross, P olice Firemen, all departments of the Southern Railway, together with a large muster of the De a l, Do'ver, Ramsgate divisions S.J.A.n. join ed in a last tr ib ute of respect.

The North End Brotherhood Hall, Croydon, was the scene of a very successful Concert organised by the Addiscombe diVIs ion on F e bruary 27th. Commissioner and Mrs. E. A. Richards were present, and during the evenin g His Worship the Mayor, Alderman W. B. Southwell made an eloquent appeal in conn ectlOn with the motor ambulance scheme. Orpington division s annual meeting dealt with a very encourag ing year. Dr. A. Tennyson Smith has continued his apprec iated class work.

final to decide the to represent this dlstnct III the Dewar and Symons Eccles competition took plac e at Addlscom be on February 14th. With a maximum of 33 9 marks, Bricklay ers Arms secured first place with 24 7 Deal and Walmer were second with 233. The other posit ions were :- 3rd, Red Hill, 212; 4th, Ma idstone, 210: 5th, Ashford 2°5; 6th, 191; 7th, Ha5tings, 190; 8th, Vlctona, 130. The trophIes and prizes were presented by Mrs. E. J Prew.

C ommissioner E. A. Richards pres id ed at the annual m eeting of the Hither Green division on February 12th. S ickness prevented the attendance of Divisional Supt. H. H. Smith, and also of the secretary.

yvIth Dr. Nigel Cor bet Flet cher in the chair, Victoria dIVISIon held a most at the Hotel Belgravia on February 7th Polttlc al affairs prevented the Presider,t ( Lord Derby ) attending, whilst the' flu' ep idemic accounted for the absence of sev eral well tried friends. The presence of Mr. P. C. Hopper, the ge nial station superintendent, and of members of the Pri.nce of Wales gave much pleasure.

On the occaSlOn of the openmg of the War Memorial Hospital. at Deal, local rail waymen rendered great help in transfernng the patients from the old prem is es.

Ramsgat e meeting was attended by Sir CeCIl Hertslet, SIr Edward Rlgg, and Mrs. Councillor E. R. Dunn. The latter has very kindly offered a trophy for compet ition amongst the members.

Ambulance Work on the G.W.R.

WE briefly stated in our last ism e that in the matter of successful examinees, the G.W.R. centre of the St. John Am bulanc'.:! Association had nearly d its numb ers in the past five ye ars. The 1 9 23 figure of 6,443, made up of 2,227 certificates, 1,227 voucher s, 775 medallions, and 2,214 labels is an increase over the 1922 figures of approximately 32 per cent.

The extens io n of the G. W. R. territory under th e Railways Act, 1921, neces si tated the formation of thre e new divisio[ s, i.e., Central Wal es, Cardiff Valleys and South Wales Docks, m3.king sev e nt een divisions for the whole of the system. WhIlst the new divisions made no contribution the figures fo r the vear 1922, mu ch has been done dur ing the past year to interest the staff in the subject of first aid, with the result that they co ntrib uted upwards of 1,000 of th e total number of successful students, of which 700 were recruits to the mov e m en t.

The death of H R. H. Princess Christian in Tune last was a con s iderable loss to the movement. HEr Royal HighDt ss acc epte d the presidency of the G. W.R. Am bulance Centre on its formation in 1896, a position which held up to th e time of her death. During that F e riod she personally signed no fewer than 18,000 first aid certl(]cates award e d to members of the staff.

The Chairman of the Company, Vi scount Churchill, G.C.V.O., kindly accep ted the preSIdency of the centre rtndertd vacant by the death of Her Royal On many occasions Lord Churchill has demonstrated bis keen intere5t in the G. W.R. ambul['.nce movement as well as in the safety campai gn, and it is fe lt t]ut his more intimate associatIOn will be a g·eat help to the C1.use.

Another loss which was keenly fdt among ambulance men throughout the system was that of Dr J. 11. Carvell who died in April last. An appreciation of Dr. Carvell 's services to the ambulance movement appeared in this J oumal at the time of his death

A record entry was received in th e 1923 competitions which, as usual, took place in the spring of the yea r, some 245 teams participating (58 advanced, dnd 187 beginners), a figure far in excess of any previous year, and an increase of 77 per cent. over 1922.

A feature of the 1923 competitions was the introduction of four · men teams. In previous years, five men had constituted a team, one of whom acted as patient but it was considerpd to be in tte bE st interests of the work, and calculated to make tests more realistIC if the patient was unknown to the compet itOl s. The innovation proved to be on sound lines, and it is interesting to note that it was followed in the Welsh inter-railway competition and other contt s ts.

In the cont(st for th e Inter-Railway Challenge Shiel d of the St. John Ambulance Asc;ociation, the Alexandra Dock team (holders 1922), repr c senting the G. W R. &ecureci second place, losing to th e S.E. & CR. by the Darrow margin of one mark. Th e Alexandra Dock team were also the winn e rs in the Welsh Int e r ·Railway competition for the" Harry '''e bb'' cu p, the first cont es t of which was decided at Cardiff in J un to

As in past years alaI ge num ber of cases of first aid rendered by members of the staff in accident or sndden illness were reported, and the servic e s which Great Western ambulance men have been a ble to render in tim e s of emergency provide testimony, if such were required, to the valu e of a first aid training.

The Ambulance COJpS movement at stations on the

March, 1924

-'IRST

Company's system continues to be satisfactorily suppJrted an d is being extended to the recently amalgamated hnes.

It will be recalled that in 192 a gold medal was in stituted for members of the staff having fifteen years' first ai d efficiency to their credit, and in 1922 a bar for attachment to the medal was introduced for men with 20 years' efficie ncy. Up to the end of last year, some 304 medals and 69 bars have been awarded.

The possession of the gold medal carrie d with it an extra da}'s leave subj ect to the recipient maintaining efficie ncy, and in 1922 he medallists instituted among themselve s an annual gathering, utilising the day's leave an d free ticket concession for the purpose. Last year

fetters to the &ciitot'.

We are ;" "0 way restfJIIsible tor tile opi";o,,s expressed, or the statemellts made, bJ Conujondents.-EDITOR.

MR. BALDWIN'S HONOUR LI3T.

DE AR SIR,-I should like to take the liberty of using a small space in your valuable paper to pay a tribute to Sir Clare Lees, whose name I am pleased to see appeared in Mr. Baldwin's Honour List. Whilst great praise and honour was attributed to him for his good work on the Chamber of Commerce, we, as members of NO.4 D ,strict, are very proud of him

Chart showing growth of Ambulanre l\1 ovement for the past eleven years on the G.vV.R.

Leami ngton was selected as the venue and about IS0 gold me dallists attended.

Nine members of the staff who have rendered services of an exceptional character to the ambulance movement have been selected by the order of St. John of Jerusalem during the past year as Honorary Serving Brothers of the Or d er , whilst another has been awarded the Vellum Vote of Thanks, and three of the Company's medical lecturers have been elected as Honorary Associates of the Order.

The medical profession continues to render invaluable as sistance to th e Company's classes throughout the system, an d many of the lecturers hav e been associated with the classes for a long period of years.

as an Assistant Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, for his work and untiring efforts for our movement have been most valuable.

We hope he may be spared for many. years to come to enjoy good health with the honour he so nchly deserved.-

YOUls truly, S ERGT J. V-l. F. Newton Division, New Mills, AN AMBULANCE LEAGUE.

SlR,-A few months ago" G.F." sent you a letter which you very kindly published in FIR ST AID, suggesting an .1 Ambulance League. " May I say with reference to "C.F. ' s " letter that I, too, have felt the monotony of the weekly ambulance class as he has done.

Whilst the suggestion was a very good one, I myself cannot see how a whole class or division could fulfil "home and away)' dates as would naturally be required; some may be working or be unavoidably detained, which would make it most inconvenient.

May I suggest to our friend" G.F." that we exchange (or have a visit from ) Officers-in-charge of Units who could take charge or inspect on the particular date fixed for them? This method could be easily adopted by drawing together a plan of officers and places as is done in our religious circles.

I think this would take away the monotony of the" weekly round and common task. "-Yours faithfully, J. Fox.

Sergt., Newtown, Division, New Mills.

\VORKMEN'S COMPENSATION ACT.

SIR,-During January quite a number of S.J.A.B. men who interest themselves in First Aid at their places of employment were reviewing the revision of the Factory Act-First Aid and Ambulance Order section-and as there is so much of it very indefinite, I thought it would interest a number of your readers to read my opinion and perhaps inspire others to express their views. There are many "loopholes" in some of our Factory Acts that it is quite easy to evade many things which might involve a little expense. I would draw special attention to para. 5, p. 2, of the pamphlet issued by the Home Office, which reads :-

"Each Aid Post must be placed definitely in charge of some one person, who will be responsible for seeing that it is kept stocked, and whose name must be posted in the workroom concerned. I t is not necessary that he should be the person who will actually render the first aid in case of an injury, but it is obviously desirable that he should be-and it is hoped that employers will try to arrange for this in all cases if possible. Where the person considered most suitable has not already received a training in First Aid, it is recommended that the employer should arrange for him to take the course, and obtain the certificate of proficiency, of the St. John Ambulance Association or the St. Andrew)s Association or other recognised society or body. In many works special facilities for attending first aid classes have been arranged by employers and wide interest has been aroused among the workers."

Another section of the Act states that a First-Aid box be provided to every ISO and s o on. My experience of over nineteen years (s hort period compared with some Brigade members ) in ironworks-during which I have treated thousands of cases-teaches me that every day the necessity for qualified ambulance men becomes more and more essential, and instead of the act reading "it is not necessary that he should be the person, etc., etc." it would be more definite if it reads thus "I t is most necessary that he should be the person, etc., etc." and again we read" and it is hoped that employers, etc., etc.," which would be much better if it stated "and all employers must arrange, etc., etc." and leave out " if possible '} also add that to every First Aid box in ISO persons, there must be two qualified ambulance men and so on in proportion. My contention is that it is useless to provide proper equipment without somebody knowing how to apply it, It is similar to putting a doctoes chauffeur to look after his practice. I have known some very bad treatment by officials and foremen who will not" loose the rims" in favour of first-aiders (c hiefly because, professionally, they are their superiors) such cases as :-wound on scalp treated with nearly two ounces of ether being poured over it ; case of ear-aches having lots of iodine poured into both ears; a tourniquet allowed to remain on wrist the whole of a night until further treatment was available; iodine put on bad burn.

Surely this should not be, but until the Act makes things more definite we can still look for such meddlesome treatment, the patient having to suffer every time.

Being connected with several works, where the employers have given every facility to the S.J.A.B. men, even to helping with payment of uDlforms. I have seen great enthusiasm only to be damped down by the act allowing anybody to tamper with the first aid material, and I know that pounds worth of

dressings, etc., have been pilfered through the eas.y access afforded by having the key where everybody ca,: find It.

In conclusion, I must say that the first alder should not escape supervision altogether and should be re-examined every twelve months, so that those receiving treatment should have confidence in those rendering it.-Yours truly, WORKING SUPERINTENDILNT.

AIR DEFENCES AND AN AMBULANCE RESERVE

SIR,-At the present time much is being said in about our air defence. Huge figures have been given by certain authorities as their estimates of the casualties that would result from air raids on London should they be carried out by an air force as large as that of France.

It is certain that whatever defensive means are employed the results of air raids in the future will be very much more serious than those we experienced during the late war, when we held the' Supremacy of the Air.'

If the authorities think it advisable to increase the combatant sections of our air defence, why should they not increase our resources for carrying out the rescue work and treatment of the injured, that would be necessary after an attack from the air?

A reserve for our permanent forces, i.e., ambulance services, fire brigades and police, could be formed in. the S.J.A.B. similar to the R.N.S.B.R. and Home Hospitals Reserve, and special training be given in the work that it would have to carry out.

I n any case the authorities should do all they can to forward the work of the Brigade which would prove an invaluable asset should we once again be threatened by air raids.- Yours faithfully, J. E. DANE.

J\mbulance j\lews euttings.

The Editor invites readers to send newspaper cuttings on matters of general interest for inclusion in this colimm

A WOMAN}S HOAX.

The mystery of the twenty-year-old girl who pu zzl ed the medical authorities by having a temperature of 114 degs. Fahr. for twenty days, but no other symptoms of illness or fever, has now been solved, says a Reuter (Mic higan ) Physicians who have been called in to investigate the case declared yesterday that the whole thing was a hoax. The patient, they said, had been deceiving the rr.edical profession by concealing a hot-water bottle under her arm.-Daily Mirror.

A WOMAN'S ORDEAL.

After slipping in the snow and breaking her ankle while posting a letter late last night, a lady managed to walk half-amile to her home, although a bone of injured ankle was protruding.

Several doctors were called, but none was available. So just before midnight the ambulance was sent for, and the driver gave First Aid and then drove patient to hospital through the snow. To-day her foot had to be amputated.-Evming News

A ENDURANCE.

At an inquest on a housekeeper, it was stated that though she was suffering from fractured ribs on both sides of her body, a broken collar-bone, a ruptured spleen and other internal injuries as the result of bemg knocked down by a motorcar, she insisted on walking to her 3 minutes walk away.

On arrival there she did not think) she was J hurt much. A doctor, however, ordered her removal to hospital, where she died early next morning.-Daz'ly Mail.

March, 1924.

-l"IltST J\mbulance.

G.W. RAILWAY.-We reproduc e a photograph of the Challe nge Cup which has been presented by Mrs. Carvell to the Great Western Railway in memory of her husband, Dr. J. Maclean Carvell, who died in April last.

For a quarter of a century the late Dc. Carvell was clo sely associated with th e ambulance movement. For twenty-o ne years he identified himself with first-aid work on the Great Western Railway as an examiner and lecturer and as a competition judge he ann ually toured the Great vVestem Railway system and was personally known to hundreds of ambulance workers up and down the line. There are many who this year will miss his usual visit.

The suggestion of the donor that the Carvell Cup shall be annually awarded to the team securing second place in the Great Western Railway Final Ambulance Competition is most appropriate, for, whilst Dr. Carvell was always ready to congratulate the winners in any competition, he was equally ready to fay a word or two of consolation and

AID.- 201

L.M.S. AND G.vV. JOINT RA1LWAYS.-On January roth

Mr. J. Williams the Superintendent of the L.M. & S. and G. W. J oint Railways presented awards to the Hereford Staff on account of the r923 examination, 10 candidates gained the c ertifi cat e, I the voucher, and 8 medallions and labels. The occasion was also taken advantage of in order to make a presentation to Chief Inspect or Morrish who has been Trainer and Captain of the Barrs Court team for nearly 20 years.

L. & N.E.R.- The District Competitions are now in full swing, selecting the teams for representing the districts in the N.E. Area Final for the" Wharton" Shield to be held at Newcastle on April 5th, when the winning team, will go to London to meet. the winning teams from the G.N., G.E.} and G.C. sections on April 25th to select the twe teams to represent the L. & N.E.R. in the National Compc;tition on May 15th and 16th. The results of the districts up to going to press are :-

N ewcas tle :-(s teams competed ), Park Lane Gateshead 1st, Tweedmoutr. 2nd, Tyne Dock 3rd, Sunderland 4th, Newcastle Police 5th. Supt. J. Roders presented the Shield to the winners.

Darlington :-(7 teams), North Road L()co. 1st, Dar lington Police 2nd, Darlington Bank Top 3rd, North Road Loco. (No.2) 4th, Shildon 5th, Kirkby Stephen 6th, Darlington (Faverdale) 7th. Mrs. A. C. Stamer presenting Shield to winners.

Leeds :-(5 teams), Starbeck ( o. I), 1st, Leeds Police 2nd, Starbeck (No.3), 3rd, Starbeck ( c. 2), 4th, Neville Hill Loco. 5th. Mr. T. Storey (District Supt.) presented Shield to winning t eam.

Hull :-(9 teams), Alexandra Dock (No.2), 1st, Hull ,Vest 2nd, Hull goods (No. I), 3rd, Wilmington 4th, Alexandra Dock (No. I), 5th, King George Dock (No. I), 6th, King Dock Police 7th, Alexandra Dock Police 8th, Hull Goods (No. 2), Mrs. J. W. B. Wilcock (wife of the Divisional Goods Manager) presented the Shield to winners.

York and Middlesbro districts are still to be held.

First Aid Outfit for Motorists.

encouragement to th ose who" just missed getting th ere/' as he was wont to term it. It is fitting that the trophy bearing his name should be awarded to the" runners up" in the competition which he judged for some twenty years.

The inscription on the trophy is as under :-

The CARVELL CHALLENGE CUP.

Presented by Mrs. J. M. Carvell in Memory of her husband the late Dr. J. M. CARVELL, M.R.C.S., who during his 21 years' association with the Great Western Railway Ambulance Movement (19 °2 -1923) acted as adjudicator in the annual Compet itions.

"He was the friend of all ambulance workers."

This Cup is awarded annually to the t ea m obtaining Second Place in the G.W.R. Final Ambulance Competition.

January, 1924.

THE " Romac" Motor Accessories of I, Caledonian Road, London, N. I, have placed upon the market a specially prepared first aid outfit for motorists, it contains all the usual re::}uirements for minor injuries, pl a ced in a neat metal case, the whole outfit being retaIled at f03. We do not see the necessity of including carron oil in the case seeing that it contains the picric acid burn dr essings jwhich are a much more modern form of first a.id treatment.

To raise funds for equipment, the Peterborough District held a highly successful Dance in the Co-operative Hall on February 15th.

Speaking at an inquest last month, Dr. Waldo, J.P ., the Southwark Coroner, emphasised the importance of every police officer qualifying for the Certificate of the St. John Ambulance It was compulsory the first year in the Clty Pollee, but, unfortunately, a llke regulation did not hold goo d with the Metropolitan Force,

Brevities.

THE revised General Regulations of the S.]. A B. have now been issued, and a copy will be sent to each corps or division in due course. The regulations are set up in a much clearer form than those formerly issued, and should be carefully read by all officers.

It ,is reported the number of quarry accidents in the Umted States dunng was 10,585 of which I.13

per cent. were fatal, 0.09 per cent. result ed in p':!rmaeen t total disability, 3.12 p e r cent. in permanent parti3.l disability, 17.91 p e r cent. in temporary disability of more than 14 and 77.75 per cent. in d isa bility not e xc t.e ding 14 days but more than the remainder of the shift on which th e accident occurre d.

* * l!-

In the new regulation for V. A. D.'s there appears to be some confusion as to the channels of communication. In para 20 it states that the County Controller is the Chief Executive and Administrative Officer of V.A.D.'s in thf county or area in which he is appointed and yet in the chart of th e channel of communication (para 32) only routine matters ar e dealt with by the County Controller. Other communications going from d eta chments to County H .Q to Central H .Q., and then on to the Y.A.D. Council. ThiS appears to require som e Explanation.

***

The Ministry of Health make the following announcem e nt :-Thc Government have considered the position in regard to public health services (mattrnity and child welfare, tuberculosis, venereal diseases, welfare of the blind and port sanitation ) which are directly aided by grants from the Exch-;,quer, and hav e d e cided that the time has arrived for removing the present restrictions on grants for the development of these The Minister has accordingly issued a circular to Local Authorities informing them that he will be prepared, with the approval of Parliament, to make grants on the prescribed basis for such further developm e nt of these sch emes as is considered advisable by the authorities and is within th ei r existing powers, subject to the ordinary process of approval of particular proposals by the Ministry.

For some time strenuous but unavailing efforts havf> been made to secur e the more harmonious working and cooperation of the two distinct organisations which n present the international aspect of the Red Cross-namely, the International Red Cross Committee, formed in 1863, and the League of Red Cross Societies, constituted in J 9 [9 · A successful compromise at last however to be a probability, although an element of di5agreement has not yet been altogether removed. As a result of the Inter national Red Cross Conference which was h e ld in August last a commission of inquiry was set up fo r the purpose of investigating the possibilities of overcoming the d Iffi culties which dual control involved.

*i*

The proposal which it has adopted by a m ajo rity vote provides for the formation of a federation comprising both the national societies and the International Cross Committee, the alternativ e scheme, which was advocated strongly by a minority, being the concentration of all the international activities of the Red Cross in the hands of a single organisation, which however should not include the International Red Cross Committef. These proposals will now be submitted to the various national societie!'. Upon receipt of the repli e s the commission will once more: meet and prepare a final report to the International Conference , with which the decision will rest, and which, according to a recommendation of the commission, will assemble next July.

TIfE ST. JOIfN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

St. John Ambulance Brigade Supplement.

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of the Order

St. fohn's Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C., 41fl Marcil, I924

The King has been grac ously pleased to sanction the following promotion!> in, and appointments to, the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem III England:-

As Lady of fustice (from Lady of Grace) "

Robinia Marion, Viscountess l\lountgarret, O.B.E.

As Cftaplaill,'

The Right. Rev. Alfred Walter Averill D.D., Bishop of Auckland ( T.!:.). '

The Rev. Launcelot Jefferson Percival. As Honorary Chaplain.

The Right Rev. Rennie MacInnes, Bishop of the Church of England in Jerusalem.

As Knights of Grace,'

David Thomas Rocyn Jones C.B.E., M.B., D.P.H. (from Honorary Associate).

Sir Gould May, M.D.

Lieut.-Colonel Sir John Bland-Sutton, F.R.C.S., LL.D., R.A.l\1.S., (T.F ).

Percy Pierpoint Burgess (from Esquire).

Captai n Tom Nuttall.

Scales Carter (fr om Honorary Serving Brother).

Captain JamesAtkin Henton White, M.D., F.RC.S.E., R.A.M.C. (from Honorary Associate).

As Ladies OJ Grace,' Mary Katherine, The Hon. Mrs. Murray (o f Elibank). T3eauclerk, The Lady Islington.

Manon Grace, Mrs. Disraeli, O.B.E. As Esquires,'

Bakewell Howitt, M.D., M.R.C.S., L.RC P.

CaptaIn John Docwra Rogers. As Honorary Serving Brotflers.

William Edgar Ballard.

Thomas Cheshier.

Joseph Dudley.

Edwin Elliott.

Francis Evans.

George Ed ward Kingsnorth.

J ames Leary.

Harry Lench, O.B.E.

Tom Liddell.

George Lloyd.

Frederick J ames Miles.

Charles' Pitkin

George Richardson.

George Henry Sorrell.

Albert Ed ward Spann.

Joseph Stamper.

Frederick Henry Vaughan.

Harry George Wakely.

William Henry Webb.

John Wh itehurst.

Hugh Thomas Williams.

As Honorary Serving Sisters,'

Margaret vVllhelmina Ireland, Mrs. Maclean.

Harriet Anne, Mrs. Cooke.

Eli za, Mrs. Mitchell.

M abel, Miss Moulson.

As Honorary Associates.

Major William Applegate, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

Alfred Galen Scheele Broughton, M.B.

Harold Mason, M.B., 11.R.C.S.

Major Sydney Manvers Woolner Meadows, D.S.O., M.RC.S., L.RC.P., RA.M.C.

Gilbert Edward Orme, 1I.B., M. R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

Edward William Parsey, M.B.

George St Johnston, M. D.

Appointments, Etc.

FEBUARY, 1924.

Major-General the Earl of Scarborough, Sub-Prior, acting on behalf of F.R.H. the Grand Prior, who is absent abroad, has approved the following appointments ;-

District Officer Captain Leonard Harry Ridge Claydon as Assistant Commissioner No. (P rince of Wales') D istrict, Central Area, 22.2.24

Divisional Surgeon Ernest McIntyre, M.R.C.S., L.RC.P., Acting ASSistant Commissioner No. (Princ e of vVales') District, Southern Area, 22.2.24

District Officer Edgar Trounson as Assistant Commissioner, NO.9 District, County of Cornwall, 22.2.24.

The following resignations have been accepted with regret ;-

Colonel S. Maynard-Smith, C.B., F.R.C.S.) as Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief, 22.2.24

Assistant Commissioner W. H. Chambers, South Eastern Area, West R iding of Yorks, NO.5 District, 22.2.24

The Chi e f Commissioner has sanctioned the following appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations ;-

PRINCE OF WALES'S DISTRICT.

District Officer Lieut.-Colonel G. F. Carter resigned, 29. 2 2 4

- FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.- March, Ig24.

Craig's Court Nursing Division.-Dorotby Shephard, 1\1.B., Ch.B., to be Lady Divisional Surgeon, 29. 2 24

Hampstead Divis ion.-Wi lliam Arthur Rees, L.RC.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 1.2.24

Harrow and Wealdstone Diyision -Ambulanr.e Officer

Harold Kennett Blake to be Divisional Supt., 20.2,24, vice Supt. W. F. Hartmann, transferred to the Brigade Reserye, 25. 2 2 4

RIchmond Nursing Diyision.-Amb:.llance Sister Frida

Julia Mengel to be Lady Diyisional Supt., 3,3.24

Wembley and Harlesden Di vision.-Georg e Edward David Jones, M.D., M.R.C.S., to be Diyisional Surgeon, 29 2 2 4

NO.2 DISTRICT.

1\lidsom er Norton Divisiol1.-Sergt. Charles Ben Blacker to be DIvisional Supt., 14,1.24

Newbury Diyision.-Anlbulance Officer W. R. Barnes transferred from Reading (G.W.R.) Division, J2 2.24

Southampton Corps.-Corps Officer \V. G. Fulford resigned, 7.324

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Bedford Town Diyision.-Diyisional Supt. J. Spencer transferred from Brigade Reserve, 27.2.24

Dudley and District Corps (Netherton Diyision. -CorpI.

John Taylor to be Ambulance Officer, 8. ).24

Leicester Corps.-Divisional Surgeon Leonard Duncan

Porteous to be Corps Surgeon, 23.2.24

Corps Officer Thomas Bray transferred from Brigade Reserye, 4 2.24

Leicester Corps (" Arthur Faire lJ Nursing Diyision).-

George Britton GIll, M.B., B.S" M.RC.S., L.RC.P., to be Diyisional Surgeon, 2.2.24

Leicester Corps (D e Montfort Division ).-Pte. Frederick

Arthur Allen to be Ambulance Officer, 8.2.24

Ambulance Officer Harry Leonard Tucker to be Divisional Supt., 8.2.24

Leicester Corps (Midland Railway Diyision).- Sergeant

Charles John Astbury to be Divisional Supt., 14.2.24

Loughborough Diyision.-Ambulance Officer \Y. T.

Baum resigned, 27.2.24

Northampton Corps (Towcester Nursing Division).-

Ambulance SIster Marjorie Bairstow to be Lady Divisional Supt., 4.2.24

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Birkenhead Corps ( Hamilton Memorial Nursing Division).- Ambulance SIster Mary Dlack WIlson to be Lady Divisional Supt., 28 2.24

Birkenhead Corps (V.M.C .A. and Claughton Diyision ).Sergt. Frederick Marshall to be Ambulance Officer, 232.24

Middleton Nursing Diy ision.-Ambulance Sister Agnes

Livingstone to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 23 ,2.24

Nelson Corps.-Frederick Henry Black, M.B., Ch.B., to be DiviSIOnal Surgeon, 27.2.24

Henry Third, M.B., Ch.B , to be Diyisional Surgeon, 27. 2 2 4

Newtown Dlvision.-Sergeant George Richardson to be Ambulance Officer, 11.2 24

Todmorden Diyision.-Sergeant W. Greenwood to be Ambulance Officer, 12.2.24

No. 5 DISTRICT.

Brighuuse Corps.- -Diyisional Surgeon William Somerville, M.D., to be Corps Surgeon, 4,224

Brodsworth Main Corps ( Brodsworth Nursing Diyision).

Ambulance Sister Alice Greensmlth to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 21.224

Castleford Diyision.-Diyisional Supt, A. Guise transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 15 2.24

Denaby Matn Corpo,-Private Cl.fford John Pickett to be Corps Officer, 132.24

Denaby Main Corps (Ask ern Diyision ) -Private Denys

H. Bowden to be Diyisional Supt., 26 4 23

Divisional Supt. D. Bowden transferred to the Brigade ReserYe, 16.224

Fairfielri ( Buxton) Diyision.-Supt. A. W. Underwood, transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 28 2.24

Goole Division.-Ambulance Officer Arthur Bramham to be Diyisional Supt., 13.2 .24

Sergeant 'Villiam Henry Thompson to be Ambulance Officer for Cadets, 29.2.24

Halmerend and District Corps (Chesterton Diyision ).-

Robert 'Valker Brown, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 12.2.24

Ambulance _Offic er John Thomas Rowley to be Diyisional Supt., 12.2.24

Leeds Corps (Hunslet and Holbeck Diyision).-Sergeant

John William Jowitt to be Diyisional Supt., 7.3. 24

Leeds Corps (Pudsey Division).-Corps Sergeant-Major

John Barron, M.I\I., to be Ambulance Officer, 7.3. 24

Lincoln Corps (" A" Division).-Thomas Dewar, M.B., L.M., to be DIvisional Surgeon, 12.2.24, vice Diyisional, Surgeon W. Campbell transferred to the Brigade Reserve 22.2.24

Longton and District Corps ( Longton Nursing Diyision ).

-Ambulance Sister Edith C. \Vright to be Lady Ambulance Officer, Pontefract Corps (Pontefract Diyision ).- Corpl. Wilham

Swallow to be Ambulance Officer, 20.2.24

Ripley Diyision.-Robert A. Ryan, L.R.C.S .& P., to be Diyisional Surgeon, 12.2.24

James Cuddigan, 1\1.13 , RCh" B.A.O., to be Divisional Surgeon, 12.2.24

Staveley Corps. -Corps Officer J, Sleight transferred from vVarsop la n Corps, 29.2 24

Ambulance Officer Charles \Villiam Hudson to be Corps Officer, 22.9 ·24

Sergeant Matthew i'.leads to be Corps Sergeant-Major, 29 2 2 Lj.

Staveley Corps ( Ireland Colliery Division).-Supt. James Allcock transferred from Bolsoyer Division, 29. 2.:Q Swadlincote and District Division.-Divlsional Supt. D Aldridge transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 22.] .24 NO.6 DISTRICT.

Blackhall Colliery Division. -- John Allan Thorn, i\1.B. , Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 1.2.24

Houghton Ie Spring Diyision.-Francis John Boyd, M.B ., B.Cb B A.O., to be Diyisional Surgeon, 1.2.:q Hull Corps.- Divisional Surgeon Francis FIelder Walton, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., L.S.F., to be Corps Surgeon, 28.2,24 Corps Officer H. Anthony gra nted indefinite leave of absence owing to ill-health, 4,3 23

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Brighton and Hove Corps ( Hoye Nursing Division )Robert Heywood \Vilshaw, M.D., M.R. C .S ., D.P.Il., to be D iVIsional Surgeon, 22.2.24

Camberley and Frimley Division. -Diyisional Surgeon s YV. and C. Attenboroug h resigned, 1 I.3 24

DoYer Division.-Divisional Surgeon F. Osborn resigne d, 7.30 2 4

Isle of Sheppey Division.-Ambulance Officer A. French resigned, 16.2.24

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Pool Carn Brea Diyision.-Sergeant James H. Craze to be Ambulance Officer, 18.1. 24 Sergeant Richard J ory to be Transport Officer, 18. I.24 No. IO DISTRICT.

I pswich Corps (Br oadwater Nursing Division).-Ambu· lance Sister Blanche Button to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 21.1.24

No. 12 DI STRICT

Dublin Headquarters Division.-DorotllY Kate MIIneHenry, M.D., B.Ch., B.A.O., D.P.H., to be Diyisional Surgeon, 13 2.24

Carmel Mary Croasclale to be Nursing Officer, I2.2 24

NEW DIVISIONS, &C.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :No. I DISTRICT.

Cyclists Division. - Disbanded, 26.2.24

March 924. - FI1l.ST AID k THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE QAZ:!TTE.-

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Northampton Headquarters Cadet Diyision.-Sanctioned, 12.2.24

Exhall Colliery Division.-Disbanded, 22.2.24

Charity Colliery Division.-Disbanded, 22.2 24

Polesworth Section.-Disbanded, 22.2.24

NO .5 DISTRICT.

Goole Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 29.2.24

Teyersla and Silyerhills Colliery Division.- Sanctioned, 8.2.24

Meadows Division (N ottingham Corps).-Re-named " Mapperley II Division, 12.3. 24

Fairfield (B uxton ) Divlsion.-Disbanded, 23.2.24

No.6 DISTRICT.

Jarrow Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 4.1.24

Houghton-Ie-Spring Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 14 J .24 NO.8 DISTRICT.

Sitt ingbou rne and Milton Regis Nursing Division.Sa nctioned, 29.2.24No. 9 DISTRICT.

Ford Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 27.2.24

DEATHS.

Supt. Captain Palmer, Twickenham Diyision, 8. ]. 24

P. WILKIXSON (Major-General), Acting Chief Commissioner.

Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve.

SER\'lCE AND GOOD CONDUCT MEDAL,

I. The Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth R e serve Long Service and Good Conduct Medal may be granted to Reservists under the following conditions.

2.-ELIGIBILITY.

(a) The Rl.:servist must hav e completed 12 years t. fficient service which ne .: d not be continuous.

In order to count efficient service the Reservist must have-

(i) Attended not less than 6 drills eac!t half y e ar.

(ii) Requalified in First Aid each year.

(iii) Requalified in Home Nursing each year.

.(iv) Attended the annm.l Brigade Inspection _or, III speC ial CIrcumstances, obtained leave of absence.

Active service satisfactorily performed, of not less 6 duration, KN,A.S B R. or approved III any other auxlhary force (including Colonial Auxilia ry Forces), will be allowed to count in lieu of the conditions governing efficient service, as defined above for the period so e ngaged.

(b) He must have attended and be certified as effi cient at not less than twelve inspections held by the I?specting Medical Officer of the RN.A.S RR. In special Circumstances, such as absence due to illness or work-he may be excused inspection.

Res e rvists entitled to count mobilised service as double-as defin e d in Clause F -need not have attended 2 provided they have attended, or been offiCially excused attendance at all Inspecting Medical Officer's inspections prior to and aft e r such mobilised service.

(c) He must hold the Nursing Certificate of the St. John Ambulance Association.

(d) He must have satisfactorily completed a hospital or ship course of training.

(e) His conduct during the qualifying period must have been certified as "Very Good."

(f) Reservists who belonged to the Force on Aug. 4th, I 9 4, may be allowed to count any mobilised time from that date to the date of dispersal as double for the purpose of reckoning eligibility.

(g) Reservists who have been granted the Long Service and Good Conduct Medal, and who have served for a further period, which would again have qualified them for an award of the Medal, may be awarded a clasp to the original medal.

3·-ApPLICATIONS.

Applicants should obtain the proper Form from the Chief Commissioner, St. John Ambulance Brigade, and this, when completed, should be forwarded through the Chief Commissioner to the Inspecting Medical Officer RN.A.S. B.R, who will certify as to the applicant PJssessing the necessary qualificati(lns and forward it to the Accountant General of the Navy (Medal Branch). Reservists are not to forward their applications direct to the Accountant General.

4.-FoRFEITURE OF MEDAL.

When the conduct of a Reservist who has been awarded the medal is considered to be such as to disqualify him from wearing it, he may be deprived of the Medal by order of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.

S -Loss OF MEDAL.

When it is desired to replace a Medal which has b ee n accidentally lost by the holder, a declaration must be made before a magistrate stating the circumstances in which the loss occurred and the name, rating and Reserve number of the rating to whom the Medal belonged. This declaration should be sent to the Admiralty through the usual channels in the case of a rating who is still - member of the R.N.A .S .RR, and direct in the case of one who has retired.

The Medal will be replaced, on payment, if the explanation as to the loss is consid .:. red satisfactory. 6 -PRECEDENCE.

Th e Medal will take precedence immediatt'ly after the RN.V.R., Long Servicc and Good Conduct Medal. (Issued February, 1924. )

STATEMENT 01< SERVICES.

Applicants for the R.N. A.S B. R. Long Strvic3 and Good Conduct Medal will forward, in addition, to the prescribed Form of Application, Brigade Form B. FA (Statement of Services) to cover the period counted for the Medal.

FORM OF RESIGNATION.

Reservists who desire to rEsign from the Reserve in futu.re, complete the ?fficial Form of Resignation, caples of which can be obtaIned on application to the Secretary, St. Jobn Ambulance Brigade.

If you have a good business AdYertise and keep it, if not Advertise and get it.

Spare the Adyertisements and spoil the business.

" Advertising is to business-the great propeller.)J

If you wish people to know who you are-ADVERTISE!

If you wi.sh people to know what you are-ADVERTISE!

If you people to know where you are-ADVERT! SE !

If you WIsh to know how to properly AdYertise, write to Manager, FIR ST AID, 46, Cannon Street, E.C.4.

PRIORY FOR Brigade

News.

APPOINTMENTS, FEBRUARY, 1924.

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Ambulance Committee :CENTRE.

Pontyate5 Division. - Dr. John Raeside Smith, L.RC.P.E., L.RC .S., L.R.F ,P., to be Divisional Surgeon (Probationary), 25.2.24 Mr. John Lewis to be Divisional Supt. ( Probationary ), 25.2 24

GLAI\WRGAN SHIRE C ENTRE.

Pontypridd Corps.-Ambulance Officer Charles Floyd to be Corps Inspector of Stores, 25. 2,24

Loughor Division-Dr. David Arwyn Davies, M.RC.S. (Eng. ), L.RC.P. (Lond. ), to be Divisional Surgeon (Probationary), 25.2.24; Mr William John Davies, to be Divisional Supt. ( Probationary), 25 2 24

Ogmore Vale Division.-Lleut. Tudor Powell to be Divisional Supt., ::!5. 2,24

M ON lIIOUTHSHIRE CENTR E

Abercarn Division.-Sergt. Alfred Blandford to be Divisional Supt., 25.2.24

BOROUGH OF MERTH\,R TYD VIL CENTRE.

Merthyr Borough Division-Dr. Harold E. Thomas, M.RC.S., L.RC.P" to be Divisional Surgeon, 25 2,24

BOROUGH OF RHONDDA CENTRE.

Tydraw Division.-Dr. John Scott Robinson, L.RC.P. (Lond.), M.RC.S.(Eng. ), to be Divisional Surgeon, 25. 2 24

BOROU GH OF N EWPORT CENTRE.

Newport High Street Railway Division-Ambulance Officer Joseph Barber to be Divisional Supt. 25. 2.24

A BERDARE CENTRE.

Penrhiwceiber Division.-Private John William Lewis to be Divisional Supt. (Probationary), 18.2.24

Mountain Ash Division.-Ambulance Officer Evan Evans to be Divisional Supt., 25. 2 24

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Commissioner for Wales :-

CARMARTH ENSHIRE CENTRE.

Pont yates Division.-Private David Hughes to be Ambulance Officer ( Probationary), 1.2.24 ; Private William Evans to be Sergeant, 1.2.24 Private William John Hughes to be Corporal, 1.2.24; Private David Thomas to be Corporal, 2.2.24 ; Private John George Evans to be Divisional Secretary, 1.2.24 ; Private Thomas Rowlands to be Divisional Storekeeper, 18.2.24

GL AMORGAN SHlRE CENTRE.

Caerphilly (R.R.) D lvision.-Private William Crews to be Divisional Secretary 18,2.24

Cwm Colliery Division.-Corporal Edgar Jones to be Sergeant and Divisional Secretary, 12.2.24

Cwm Colliery Cadet Division.-Cadet George Bevan to be Cadet Sergeant, 8.2.24; Cadet Mervyn Pike to be Cadet Corporal, 8.2 24; Cadet William Dinwiddie to be Cadet Corporal, 8.2.24

WALES.

Great Western Colliery Division.-Private James Phelps to be Divisional Secretary, 19 2 24

Loughor Division.-Private George Stanley Fry to be Sergeant, 18 2.24; Private Arthur John Gough to be Corporal , 18 2.24 Private Thomas Williams to be. Divisional 18. 2.24; Private David Brychan DaVIes to be DIVISIon al Treasurer, 18.2.24

MONMO UTH SHIR E CENTRE.

Abercarn Division.-Private Edgar Paget to be Corporal, 5. 2 2 4 Pontllanfraith Railway Division.-Private John Fox to be Corporal, 8.2.24; Private James Lionel Preece to be Corpora l, 9. 2 2 4 Rhymney Division. - Sergeant Henry Verhall to be Am bulance Officer, 8 2.24

ABERDARE CE TT RE.

Mountain Ash Division.- Corporal Walter Lloyd Webb to be Ambulance Officer, 18.2 24 ; Private John Phelan to be Corporal, 18.2.24 i Private \VdlIam Bull to be Corporal, 18.2 .:q; Private Alfred Hendy to be Divisional Storekeeper 18.2.24

Penrhiwceiber Division. - Private Jenkin Collin s to be Ambulance Officer ( Probationary ), 18.:> .24 ; Private Joh n Thomas to be Sergeant, 18.2 24 ; Private Thomas Axen deri to be Corporal, 19 2.24 ; Pr ivate Thomas Evans to be Corporal, r8 2.24; Private Thomas John Davies to be D iVIsional Secre tary, 18.2.24; Private Dav id Gwilym Jones to be Division al Treasurer, 18.2.24

BOROOGH OF NEWPOR T CE1-: TRE

Newport High Street Railway Divis ion. - Corpor al William Scanlan to be Divisional Storekeeper, 8 2.24

DIVISION

BOROUGH OF SWANS EA CEN TRE..

The Midland Railway Division is now known as th e London, Midland and Scottish Railway ( Swansea ) Division.

General Interest.

AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

During the month of February th e following examinations have been cunductf.d in connection with the followin g classes :-Abercynon, Ystalyfera, London -Midland and Scottish Railway, Abercynon, Great Western Railway , Trimsaran Male, Trimf aran Female, Ellesmer e Grea t Western Railway, Ponthenry, N e w Tredegar M:-t.le, Ne w Tredegar Female, Port Talbot G.W. R, Pontyberem , Aberbargoed, Pontypool Junior, Pontypool Female, Mountain Ash Great Western Railway, Ynysybwl, Llwyn · pia, Kidwelly, Berriew, Llandebie, Abersychan, Cardi!f Docks Great Western Railway, Ynyshir Male, Ynyshtr Female, Pontyprid Gre-at Western Railway, Newport (Alexandra Dock) Great Western Railway, Abertillery Male, Abertillery Female, Griffithstown, Llannon, Male, Llannon Female, Pontllanfraith, London, Midland and

March, 1924. -FIRST

Scottish Railway, Drefach, Holywdl London Midland and Scottish Railway, Rhyl London Midland and Scottic;h Rail way, Abercarn Great Western Railway, Treorchy Male, Treorchy FemalE', Builth Well Great Western Railway, C oedely, Tondu, Mold London Midland and Scottish Railway, Rhostyllen, L1aoelly, Ctfn bryn brain, Merthyr Tydvil, Pontyclun, Mountain Ash, Male, Mountain Ash, F emale, Carnarvon London, Midland and Scottish Railway, Cwmtwrch, Blackmill Great Western Railway, Harlech, Penarth Dock G.W.R., Pontardulais, Pontardawe.

By the number of examinations carried on it is seen that the teaching uf First Aid is taken up with greater vig o ur each successive season.

ST. DAVID'S DAY PROCEEDIN GS

At:, usual meetings of the and Grand Committ e e of the Priory were held in Cardiff, on Saturday, March 1st, 1924 The Right Han. Lord Kylsant, G C.M G, Sub-Prior, presided, and entertained the m e mbels of Chapter to luncheon.

The Right Hon. the Rnl of Plymouth was elected P resident of the Glamorganshire Centre, which office was held by the late Earl who was closely connEc>ed with t h e Ord e r, and for some years was Sub-Prior of the Priory.

Mr. J. E. Greaves, Lord LieutEnant of Carnarvon, who had agreed to allow his name to be put furward for e le cti ( n, was appointed President of the Carnarvon Centre. LOId Kylsant was supported at the Grand Committte b y the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of St. David's ( Chaplain), the Right Hon. Lord Mostyn (honorary bailiff), Co l. Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn Bat t, C B. (honorary t reasurtr ) , Lieut -Col. 'fhomas Wallacr, :\1 1). (treasurer), Mr. Leolin Fore!.tier Walker, M. D (honorary director of ambulance) the Right Hon. Thomas Richards (director of a mbulance), Col. J. Amallt Jones, M.D., K.H S., YD. (a lmon pr), the Rtght Hon. the Marchioness of Bute, D B E., Mrs. Mackintosh of Mackintosh, Lt.-Col. H. E. M. Lindsay, c.B., Mr. John W. Davison, M.B.E., Mr. C. T. Hurry Riches, Mr. George Payne, Mr. J. H Davies, Mr. Lemuel J ones, Capt. T. E Richards, Mr Gomer L. Davies, Mr. Henry Evans, Mr. George J. Rowlands, Professor E. L. Collis, Lieut.-Col. W. Bickerton-Edwards, C.B., Dr. G rban Marks, Mr. Arthur Lucas, M. J. J. Dunlop, Mr. R. Wilson Bartlett, Mr. A. G. E. J. Fudge, Mr. Hugh S. Cann, The Lord Mayor of CardIff (Alderman Sydney Jenkins), S ir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K.B E ( Principal Secretary and Commissioner for Wales).

The keen interest which His Royal HighnE:ss the P rince of Wales takes in the Priory is illustrated by the following letter which was read :-

St. James's Palace, S.W. February 12th, 1924

Dear Lord Kylsant, I am desired by the Prior, his Royal Higness the Prince of Wales, to say how much he regrets that he is unable to preside at the annual meetings of the Priory for Wales at Cardiff on St. David's Day next, 1St March, 1924. He looks forward to a time when his engagements will permit him again to attend : a Priory function, to show his personal interest in this national organisation which is proving such a power for good in the Principality. Evidence of its far-reaching influence are strikingly to the fore in the public life of our large towns and villages, and the community generally is reaping the benefit of the high aims and practices of the noble Order of St. J ohv. report of the progress made during the past year, espeCIally in North Wales, is gratifying, and it is hoped the Motor Ambulance Transport Service, which is such a boon t? the colliery and industrial areas, may be extended. HIS Royal Highness the Prince is glad to know the

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people of Wales are rallying round their Welsh Priory and according it that loyal support and appreciation which is its just due.

Yours sincerely, (Signed), A. LA SCELL ES.

In extending an official welcome on behalf of the Aldermen, Council and Burgesses of the City of Cardiff, the Lord Mayor congratulated the Priory on its attainments during the five years of its establishment and remarked that the formation of Cadet Divisions was to him one of peculiar attractiveness. His Lordship considered this an excellent movement which went a long way to making and moulding good citizens.

The Right Hon. Lord Kylsant, G.C.M.G. thanked the Lord Mayor for his cordial welcome and assured him tbat the courtesy of the L')rd Mayors and Corporation of Cardiff was deeply a9preciated. HE. said that the ancient Order of St. John of Jerusalem had its roots deep down in the life and histcry of the Welsh people. It was in existence in Wales in the earliest times. In North Wales the Knights of St. John had their house at Dolgynwal, near the source of the Conway. In South Wales the remains of their commandery, dating back to the twelth century, were still standing at Sleblch, on the banks of the Cleddau, in Pem brokeshire. Several of the commanders at Slebach afterw.uds became Lord Priors of the Order of St. John at its headquarters in Clerkenwell.

The modern history of the Order in Wales dated from the formation of the Cardiff Centre thirty-four years ago, which afterwards developed into the St. D.ivid's Centre. Feom that time the organisation in Wales gradually extended its influence, and the aspiration for the establishment of a Priory for the whole of Wales and Monmouthshire, with autonomous powers and privileges, was gratified in 19I7 by His Royal Highness th e Grand Prior and the ChapterGeneral of the Order. A prominent figure in bringing about the formation of the Priory for WaleS was the Jate Earl of Plymouth, whose memory would ever be revered by the Welsh people for his unfailing support of every good cause. From the creation of the Priory until th e time of his death Lord Plymouth was closely identified with the work.

Whilst the work of the O rder was primarily that of ministering to the sick and suffering in p e ace time, Welsh members of the Order played a part in the war of which thtir countrymen and countrywomen would always feel proud.

An organisation which, while founded on venerable traditions, found practical expression for its idealism in ministering to human suffering, without regard to class or creed, always appealed to the Welsh people. The extent to which the Priory had taken hold of Welsh imagination and enthusiasm could be gauged from the fact that to· day there were 20,000 Welsh men and women directly or indirectly engaged in the voluntary service of the Order.

In the past year important developments had taken place in North Wales, and the ambulance dt..partment of the Priory showed a marked increase, as well a5 their work at the Swansea clinic and including the Motor Ambulance Transport Service.

Colonel Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, Bart., c.B., in his report as Honorary Treasut er, said that during the past year a sub-committee had been appointed to consider possible reductions in administrative expenses and the working Of the various departments, but it had been found that no material retrenchment could be effected without detrimfnt to the work of the Priory.

The scheme to interest every Cardiff householdtr in

the Motor Ambulance Service was going steadily ahead, and Cardiff had been organised it was proposed to concentrate on other towns. They had also endeavoured to secure regular support and assistance from companies operating in Wales. Several companies had recognised the value of the work among their people and we r e giving annu al donations In that conn e ction they wer e deeply grateful to Mr. H. Seymour B e rry, and their Han. Solicitor (Mr. Hugh M. Ingledew), who had used their influence to secure subscriptions.

Mr. Leolin Fortstier-Walker, M.P., presented his report as Honorary Dir ec tor of Ambulance. He explained that a new schem e for providing voluntary aid detachments to supplement the Army, NaTY, and Air medical ser vices during war or other national emergency had been issued on the authority of the Army Council, and steps were being taken to set up a Welsh Council, on which the Priory would have full r ep resentation.

A total of 15,248 ex-service men had been treated at the Orthopaedic Out-Patient Clinic at Swansea, and the measures taken to popularise the St. John Spa Treatment Centre at Llandrindod Wells had met with success. In conclusion he record e d the enthusiasm which had been evinced in the establishment of the Cadet Divisions for boys and girls.

Mackintosh of Mackintosh, reporting on the Medlcal C om fcrts D epots , as the L9.dy President of the Glamorganshire Centre, said that from the three Cardiff Depots over 500 articles had been issued during the past twelve months, which equalled the total for the six' d epot s last year. The Barry D ;;pot appear e d to give a lead to "Vales, and the members we re to be congratulated on their keen enthusiasm and energy. During the year 230 articles had lent by the depot. Since the closing of the Tenby Hospllal the d efot in that town had been organised by a local committee, with Dr. Knowling as chairman. The Pontyclun depot had been wonderfully active. Numbers of Centres we re asking for equipment, which the Priory hoped to issue within a few months. In North Wales the County Committee s of Flintshire, Denbighshire, and we re anxious to increase the d epot s in the dlstnct, and Dr. Caldecott was hoping to hav e a depot at Llandudno almost immediately. It was impossible to exaggerate the interest and enthusiasm aroused by the depo rs, and that was a practical token of the very real sympathy felt by the peopl e of Wales for their fellow-beings in time of sickness and trouble.

The. S ecretary (Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K. B.E.), 10 hiS report, said that th e strength of the Brigade to increas r 10 192 r th e y had 5, r66 members, 10 1922 5.492, while last year the total grew to 6,646. The enthusiasm with which the establishment of the cadet ?ivi')ions had been rec e ived was one of the most e ocourag109 features of the year. To his mind, First-Aid teaching, from an educational standpoint, was of greater importance than many of the subj ects taught in elementary schools to -day. It also had the great mural effect of emphasising man's duty to his neighbour as well as giving assurance of in case of e mergency. The Brigade had been 10 greater evidence in the civil life of Wales during 19 2 3 than ev e r bldore, and although they had heard a good deal about public apathy, he thought the number of certificates issued show e d that a knowledge of First Aid and Home Nursing was being assimilat e d by greater numbers than ever. In 192 I they had 3,467 c e rtificates, in 1922 5,774, whilst last year the total was 8,43I. He regarded the granting of autonomy to Wales under the Voluntary Aid Detachment approved

AI D.- March 192

by the Army Council, as an important concession. Although their financ es did not altogether justify the undertakings in hand, still he believed that the public would again corne to their support.

In moving the circulation of the reports, the Right Hon. Thomas Richards said that the Order had become indispensable to the mining industry. Last year, in South Wales, 300 m e n were kill e d in the collieries, and they had over 50,000 se rious accidtnts. Who could ttll how much misery and suffering on part of those was alleviated by th e Order of St. John? So far as they knew, without th e attention render ed by its officers, that number of 300 d ea ths would hav e been greatly swell e d. He was inclined to believe that among th eir many departments an important one was missing. Tht y had no publicity department. They did not advertise enough.

The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of St. David's, seconding th e motion, which was carried, expressed his pleasure at being associated with the Order.

RAILWAY T.9:AMS COMPETE AT HEREFORD.

The Principal Secretary, Sir Herbert D. W. Lc;wis, K.B K, attended the Annual Ambulance Competitions of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway Teams attach .... d to the South Wales District at Hereford on January 26th.

A record number of teams entered. They were the Abergavenny Junction, Abergavenny (Brecon Road), Abergavenny Locomotiv e, Abergavenny Engineering Department, Abersychan and Talywain, Biaenavon, Brynmawr, Dowlais, Nantybwch, Pontllanfraith, Sirhowy, Tredp,gar and Tr e d .- gar Locomotivt Department-representing about one hundred members of the railway staff in the district.

Dr. G. D. E. Tullis, Dr. J. R. Bulman and Dr. W. Ainsley (lJj udicated, and the prizes, which were presented by Lady (Herbert) Lewis, O. B. E., were awarded to 1st Abersychan and Talywain; 2nd N J.ntybwch; 3rd tyhowy 4th Aberg" venny.

Mr. C. H. Tait, district traffic supt., Abergavenny, presided, and among those in attendance were His Worship the Mayor of Hereford; Mr. A. Walter, district traffic supt., Swansea ; Mr. E. Goulborn, formerly traffic supt. , Abergavenny ; Dr. A. E. Keown, Dowlais; and Mr E. W. T. Morris, South Wales District Ambulance Secretary, Abergav e nny.

Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K. B. E , proposing a vote of thanks to the doctors said that the first team would repr es e nt the South Wal e s district in the Priory Railway Competition at Cardiff in May. The first three would represent the district in the Preliminary Comp e titions to be h e ld at Birmingham in March when they would compete witb th e winning teams from the oth er districts on the line. In th e later competition the first eight teams would comp ete tog e ther in the final in LJodon in May. The two first t eams in the final would represent th e L. M. & S. Railway in the inter-railway ambulance competition in London in May.

Centre Reports.

CITY OF CARDIFF CENTRE.

One of the first staff officers appointed under th e Priory was Dr. de Vere Hunt of Cardiff, who still holds office in this in the City of Cardiff Centre. Dr. Hunt has always endeavoured to make first aid interesting to students, and to create gr e ater enthusiasm he presented

March, 1924.

-FIRST

to Priory on Valentine's Day, 14th Fehruary last, a bea utIful cup-to be known as the "Woman's" cup for annual competition by nursing members in the City of Ca rdiff Centre and the Crerphilly sub-district of the Gla morganshire Centre. This is the first trophy given for co mpetition by ladies in the district.

His association with ambulance work is very longsta nding; he is an Honorary Associate and an Honorary Li fe Member of the Order, and one of the examiuers of the Priory. As far back as 1895 he was teaching first aid in the Church L!!.ds' Brigade. Whilst taking a journey to Ja maica he taught first aid on board, and he has instructed tw o sets of N .:ivai Brigades, Boy's Brigades and Boy Scouts. In 1908 Dr. Hunt was appointed divisional surgeon to the G.W. R.

BORO UGH OF SWANSEA CENTRE.

A much anticif:ated re-visit to the town of District Offi cer Hanmer, tog et her with his varied assortment of film s was realised on Sunday, 24th February, and continued t hroughout the following week. For the Sunday's programme a film exhibition entitled" For Humanity's Sake" was the main feature, and throughout the week at the Castle and Theatre Royal Cinemas and the Elysium and Plctu redrome Mr. Hanmer took "The Message" as his propaga nda film. Wherever M r. Hanmer showed these fi lms he was enthusiastically rec ei ved by the audience. T he Deputy Mayor, Alderman 1. H Gwynne, J.p., preSided at the Empire performance in the unavoidable a bsence of his Worshi p the Mayor.

All the arrangpments were in the hands of the Hono rary Secretary of the Borough Centre Committee Staff Officer Hugh S. Cann.

A BERDARE CENTRE.

Dr. R. Baird Milne, Commissionf'r, has given yet a nother trophy for competition in the Aberdare Centre. A very sil ver shield, mounted on dark oak, emblazoned With th e Welsh leak and St. John's Wort-the b eautiful emblem of healing-and bearing the Badge of the Orde r, -:vas presented by Harry William LJng, Esq, of Mou otalO Ash, as a token of gratitude to the Commissioner. It is to be c?mpeted for on Easter Monday, April 2 cst, at the MountalD Ash Cottage Hospital, Thirtieth Annual Eiste ddfod.

Particulars of the competition may be obtained from th e General Mr. Thomas Hughes, North View Vllla, Mountain Ash, and entries must be in not later than Apri l 3rd next.

News in BrIef.

Lieut.-Colonel H. E. M. Lindsay, c.B., Colonel T. We ntworth O.B.E., D.L., and Mr. E. W. T. Morris have been elected Members of the Ambulance Committee.

The ten talk by the Principal Secretary on the of the Priory was generally appreciated by "listenersIn.'' 00 Friday, 29th February. Requests have been receIVe d by Director of the Cardiff Broadcasting Station and the Pnory for a repetition.

Two more members of the Brynmawr Division, BreconsBhlfe have been enrolled in the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick ert h Reserve.

Members of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions in the City of Cardiff Centre continue to be in attendance at the football matches played in Ninian Park, and one N.C.O. most generously places his car at the disposal of the members in case of emergency.

Sergeant H. T. Evans (Cardiff City Division) and Divisional Secretary and Sergeant A. H. Jenkins, acted as Orderlies on St. David's Day and were complimented by the Lord Mayor for their courtesy and earnest endeavours to assist those attending the meetings.

A large number of ambulance men and nurses were present at the funeral on February 23rd of the late Dr. G. Ligertwood of Trimsaran, who had an extensive local practice and was also the colliery doctor. Dr. Ligertwood was appointed Divisional Surgeon of the Trimsaran Ambulance Division in January, 1923, and his death is a sad loss to the Brigade in Carmarthenshire.

The report of the Chief Constable of Cardiff shows that First Aid Certificates are now held by 333 members of the Force.

Our Essay Competition (2).

For the second competltlOn in this series the Editor offers Two Horne Office First Aid Cabinets as first and second prizes for the two best articles submitted before April loth 1924 on the following question ;-

Describe the personal advantages which have resulted to First-Aiders from the study and practice of First-Aid.

The Editor reserves the rightto withhold these awards if no article of sufficient merit be presented, and to publish in the Journal any paper which wins the approval of the doctor-j udges, whose decisions shall be final.

Competition papers must be accompanied by a "Query Coupon" cut from a 1924 issue of this Journal, must not be marked with competitor's name and address which should be enclosed on separate slip of paper, must not contain more than 7 50 words, and must be addressed to "The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon St. E.C.4," the envelope being marked" Competition."

.That th.e toothbrush a dangerous implement is the opmlOn of SIr James CantlIe, who, lecturing at the Institute of Hygiene, said it invariably pierced the gums thus allowing poison to enter the system. The teeth with a human being was born were protected with a fine skm, and the teeth of the people to-day had fallen into a terrible state simply through the prevalent use of the toothwhich was nearly.always made of pig's bristle, and whlch destroyed that delIcate protective skin.

When corresponding with Advertisers ptease mention "Fir.t Aid "

eueries and J\nswet's to eot't'8spondents.

flJiIl be dealt flJitn under tlse /DlIDflJing rules :-

I.-Letters containin!, Queries must be marked on tke top le/t kana corner 0/ tne enfJelope and addressed-F1RST AID, 46, Cannon-street, Lonc/Qn, B. C. 4.

:i.-All Queries must be accompanied a Coupon" cut fro" tke current issue 0/ tne !ournal, or in case D/ Queries /rom abro(J( from a recent issue.

Textbook, to flJhic1z reference be made in thue columns is the 36th (I920) Edition 0/ S.f.A_A. Manual of First-Aid_

LIFTING A PATIENT.

J. ( Folkestone) :-At a recent practice we had to place on a stretcher a man who was supposed to be unconscious and suftering from of clav!cle and injuries to left leg. We lifted patIent on hIS left sIde and rested hIm on our right knees as in Fig. 87 of Textbook.

Our lDstructor corrected us and said that we should have lIfted patient from the rz'gltt side. A friendly argument resulted without any conclusion, and we submit the point for your decision.

The point is not of much importance because you would not attempt to lift such a patient until you had fixed the fractured clavicle and controlled the injured leg. Perhaps, on tIle whole your method is better, because-the injuri es being properly controlled before lIfting-the patient would rest on your forearms against your bodIes and so be protected from risk of further injury.-N. COR BET FLETCHER.

E XAMI NATION HOWL ER.

P. C. ( Crowboro' ) : -At a recent examination the doctor placed his forefinger in the middle of a candIdate's back, and asked him what he would do if a mad dog bit him in that reg ion as he was comi ng- ashore after a bathe in the sea. The candidate immediately replied-".l slw u ld suck the wound.' "; and later he could see no ca use for our amusement until we asked him to show us how anyone, other than a professional acrobat, could perform such a feat ! Good! Next, please! ! !-N. C.F.

OIL FOR E YE

F.P. ( Darlington ).-At a recent examination the doctor asked a candidate for the treatment of a patient in whose eye a p iece of steel was embedded. The candidate suggested a drop of castor oil on eye ball with soft pad and bandage as laid down on p. II7 of Textbook. The doctor condemned the use of oil for eye injuries. Please g-ive your opinion. The answer was taken from the Textbook, and was therefore perfectly correct" for examination purposes ." Further, know no reason why the use of castor oil for eye injuries should be condemned" on medical grounds."-N.C.F.

BLEEDING FROM NO SE.

H.B (E rdington ). -l have been requested to write and ask you why the hands are raised above pat ient's head in treatment of Bleeding from N ose.

If the arms are raised above the head, the chest is expanded. If the chest is expanded, the large veins (superior and inferior venae cavae ) are also dilated at their entry to the heart Consequently the return of \' enous blood to hent is rendered more easy and more rapid because the arms are raised above the head. For similar reasons the arms are extended above the head in Schafer's Method of Artificial Respiration.-N.C.F.

COMPLICATED FR AC TURE OF RIBS AND FRACTURED ARM.

F. E. (Horwich). -I n a recent practice we were told to treat

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a man who had complicated fracture of ribs on right side , and fracture of left humerus (upper third) and left elbow (both simple ) We decided to treat the ribs as the most serious injury in accordance WIth Textbook instructions, tt) support the elbow in an with small arm-sling, and-except for extra care 10 ltltm g and lowering during transport-to ignore the fracture d humerus.

Please tell us if we are correct in our treatment.

I n an actual emergency I fancy that you would modify your proposed treatment and would keep your patient lying flat on hIS back (not mclmed injured side, as laid down in p. 55\ and hI S left upper limb lying extended lD close OpposItIon to SIde of body For there b y you would avoid the possibility of fu rthe r injury to fractured arm, and of the of .the spitnte d forearm pressing on the chest and so lDterfenng wlth th e movements of left side of chest, the lung beneath which ha s more work to do consequent on the injury to ri g ht lung.N.C.F.

A COMPE TIT OR 'S PLAINT.

S.P.(Crouch Hill ) :-ln a recent competition candidates had to treat a man who was supposed to have a fra ctur e of th e 8 th rib on the left side, and lost marks becaus e they d id not ask patient if he had spat up blood.

I contend that tbe Judge should either have state d that the fracture was complicated or else have given candidates the full symptoms from which they co uld hav e arrived at their own conclusions and modified their treat ment accordingly. Please give us your .opinion as I do not that the test was a practIc a test of ou r effi ci ency.

My opinion is contrary to yours ! Arr.ong the signs and symptoms of a fracture (Textbook, p. 43\ you :vIlI find thre e points-often and often overlooked hy history, snap of bone, and marks on cloth mg. I? other wor.ds, you were caught out trying to treat a fracture wlth<;)Ut makIng a compl ete exam ination, a qu est i?n to woul d , via the Judge, ha ve supplIed the necessary Information whereb y you would have saved many marks and proved yo urself an efficient First Aider. Competitions are rotten sometImes, are they not ?-N.C.F.

FU:\IES FROl\l LEAD PRO(;E SS]"

A. C. (Low er Openshaw ) :-A mixture of tallow and white lea d -(t he resultant of whIch is intended for use in greasin g br ig ht machmerybefore this is packed for sending abroad)is melted together in a paint can insid e a workshop in which fifty men are working. The mixture g ves off a white vapour which has a sickly smell and ca use s the me n to complain of intense headache and feeling of sickness.

I presume that this vapour is detrimental to healt h and should be removed. Please tell me if I am right in m y opin ion and also what is h e nature of the vapour.

The melting together of tallow and white lead results in a process of galvanising and produces Sulphur Dioxide fume s which are most emphatic ally detrimental to health and shoul d be removed as is laid down in Acts of Parliam ent, as, fo r instance, in the Women and Yo ung Persons ( Employment ID Lead Processes) Act, 19 20 .- N.C.F.

D ANGERS OF BURN S

H. A. ( Leicester ) :-Under treatment of Burns the Textboo k ( p. 112 ) emphasises the importance and danger of eve n slight burns of the neck. At a recent lecture our docto r said that he could offer no explanation for the increase d danger associated with burns in this region. Please be good enough to explain.

I have never found a completely satisfactory explanation of this staterrent (a nd warning) of the Textbook; but I believe that it is based on the fact that Shock is greater because the i njury is situated so near the Brain and its vital centres.-N.C.F

YOU CAN ALWAYS HAVE THE SPECIALISED PROFESSIONAL ADVICE OF AN EMINENT PHYSICIAN AT YOUR ELBOW

The old and very true saying that "a stitch in time saves nine " is perha ps t he best way to emphasise the great importance of consulting a sound medical adviser immediately on any matter that affects or threatens your health. I t is always easier to prevent illness than to cure it. Take heed of this maxim , and you will t ake care of your health. Do yeu really know what is good for your health? Do you thoroughly understand the laws that govern the working of YGur body? Do you know the signals that Nature sends out to warn you of approaching danger?

Y ou want a doctor in your home. Every home should have medical advice within easy r each. The greatest danger to health comes from the minor ills that are not reall y serious enough to necessitate the calling in of a doctor

In the beginning, were gard theEe ailments as too tJivial to necessitate medical advice, and not knowing how to treat them, we allow them to take care of th em selves, not realising that we are l eavi ng ours elve s open to the risk of serious complicatioos developing. If, at such times, you ad: el dy to han d a practical medical guide, you could easily tr ea t these little ills at home and ri d yourself of the trouble before it had time to develcp.

THE PEOPLE'S PHYSICIAN

Written by eminent practising physicians and ass()ciated with London hcspitals, this work contains only the soundest medical advice and direction.

The great point about "The People 's Physician " is that you can rely implicity on everything it tells you because, as has been already explaine d , every page in the work was written by medical men of the highest standing. By having this book ready to hand and following out the instructions and guidance given, you will prevent serious illness and save many a doctor's bill.

TO PREVENT ILLS AND SAVE DOCTORS' BILLS

To alleviate pain and aid quick recovery.

Oeneral Diseases - The Digestive the Skin in Children - Local.5urgi - Dancy - Disol ders of Organs - Disorders of the Mouth, cal Disorders - Deformities - Dis = - Duration of Pregnancy- Man= Gullet, and Stomach - Disorders orders of Bones, Joints, and Teeth agement of Pregnancy - Preparaof th" Bowels Disorders of the - Wounds - Bul ns and Scalds, tion for Labour -M anagement of Liver « Peritoneum - The Urinary Electrical Injur es and Lightning Labour - After treatment of Organs - The Blood and the Organs - Stroke - Bandaging - Fractures Mother and Child - Disorders of Circulat on - Disorders of the - Special Fractures - The Joints - following Labour - MiscarriageHeart - Di.!'orders of the Blood - Dislocations, Sprains and Strains Abnormal Pregnancy, etc., e tc. Vessels - The Breathing Organs - - Hremorrhage - Unconsciousness

Disorders of the Nose and Throat - POIsons and Poisoning - The

F RE E

- Disorders ofthe Bronchial Tubes Hygiene of the Skin, Hair and' - - -.and Lungs - The Nervous System Nails - The Hygiene of the Mouth

- Disorders of \ he Nerves - Dis- and Teeth - The Hygiene of the orders of the Spinal Cord and Eye - The Hygitne of the Brain TEAR OFF AND POST TO-DAY. Brain - The Skin and its Functions and Nerve - Hygiene of the Heart To tbe WAVERLEY BOOK CO ltd

- Disorders ofthe Skin - Disorders and Dept. F.A.E. 96 Farriagdoa St 'f C 4 of the Hair and Nails - The Eye - of the VagIna - DIsorders of the ,D, The Ear - Inflammation and Fever Womb - Puberty, Menstruation, Please send mf', .charge, Free Iru s.

- Infectious Diseases - Disorders and the Men ause - Disorders of lrated Booklet, containing all particular as to of Infallcy - Ger.eral Disorders of of the conte ?ts of ""!,IlE PEOPLE'S PHYSICIAN," Children - Disorders of the Dige = Ovaries - Backache- Inflamm ation al so mformal1on as to your offer. to se nd [he tive Organs in Children - Diseases Around the Womb - Parametritis Com pl ete W o rk for a merely. nominal first payof the Ne r vous System in Children General Per itonitis- PelvicPeri = ment, the balance to paId by a few small - Disorders of the Respiratory touitis (Perimetritis) - Sterilit} - monthly beglnnmg t bl rty da) s afte r Organs in Childrt n - Disorders of Anatomy of Pregnancy - Preg = the work IS dehyered.

POST COU PON TO-DAY g

IlIIl\IEDIATE REMO\,AL OF FRACTURE CASES.

H. R. (Bolton).-ln two recent Railway Competitions the respec:tive patients in the Stretcher Tests were supposed to have sustained injuries which included fractures of upper and lowel limbs while they were at work "on the line." The position of each patient was dirt:ctly on the railway line; and in neither case was there any danger of patient or First-Aiders being run over by an oncoming train.

Most bearers, having first controlled the traffic through the signalman, treated the cases on tlze spot in accordance with Rule No. 1 of General Rules for Treatment of Fractures (Textbook, p. 48), but lost marks because the Judges wanted the patients removed immediately to the platform for safety. Please be good enough to favour us with your views on the matter.

On your statement of facts, the decision in each case was contrary to Textbook (Rule I, p. 48) and also to commonsense treatment of fractures. Further, if there was, as you say, no danger to patient or First-Aiders from any approaching train, I want to know why patients had to be removed immediately "for safety" and before the fractured limbs had been properly controlled by splints and bandages.-N.C.F.

FRACTURED F OREA Rl\I AND WOUND OF A BD OMEN.

R. H. (Houghton) :-A man has been knocked down by motor car and is suffering from compound fracture of left forearm and transverse wound on left side of abdomen. Everything required for treatment and transport is available.

Should I be doing right. if, having raised and supported patient's knees and head I treated the wound of abdomen as laid down in Textbook, and then dressed vvound of left forearm, controlled fracture with splint:> and bandages, and supported limb in large arm-sling? Please advise.

You give no reason for treating abdominal wound first. So perkaps you should have commenced action by treating the compound fracture of forearm before altering position of patient. Otherwise, I have no fault to find with your suggested treatment.-N.C.F.

TRAVERSES FOR I:\ IPR,OVIS ED STRETCHERS.

A. M. (Cambridge) :-In a recent practice we had to treat a case of supposed Fracture of Spine and improvised a stretcher With two poles and bandages In accordance with Textbook instructions on pages 52 and 53.

To our surprise our instructor pulled us up for not fixing pieces of wood at top and bottom of the poles. We disputed the decision because there are no such instructiuns in the pages quoted, and we shall be grateful for your ruling on the point.

Your instructor was quite right; and you will find the necessary instructions for improvised traverses in Rule 1 for Improvised Stretchers at foot of p. 174. Further, without traverses an improvised stretcher would sag so badly that the difficulties of transport and the risks to patient would be markedly increased.-N.C.F.

G. T. S. ( Mitcham) asks if it is permissible to attend a football match in uniform before proceeding to duty. You should have obtained a permit from your officer before doing so. If you did not do this, you are infringing the regulations.

E. T. (Bolton) .-A certain number of hours each year devoted to war work with a particular unit was the qualification necessary to obtain the St. John War Service Pendant. The badges have ceased to be issued for some considerable period, and no further applications are received.

H. S. (Bolton).-Instructions were issued by the Ambulance Committee some three years ago that all applications for awards claimed on account of service with H.M. Forces should have reached the chief secretary of the S.J.A.A. by

AID - March,

September 30th, 1921. Your application, therefore, cannot be dealt with.

H. J. H. (Custom House). - The object of the sterilised dressings provided in the Home Office cabin ets is to deal with a slight wound as expeditiously as possible and to guard against septic infection, and in spite of the Order requiring these dressings to be provided in fa(:tories, there is no reference directing that they must be used. If you prefer tincture of iodine lint, go on using it.

Reviews.

THE AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS.

By Sarah Elizabeth Pickett. New York: The Century Company.

WE have read with much interest this account of the American Red Cross Society-its origin, purposes and service, the stor y of which is traced through the records of the humanitarian efforts of Haldane the Dane, of Florence Nightingale, of Henry Dunant and Gustave Moynier, who between them brought about the First Geneva Convention, and of Clar a Barton, to whose efforts the American Red Cross owes much.

Systematically the book unfolds in simple language the means by which the organisation (while retaining its origin al character as a volunteer society) obtained its charter from Congress and the ways in which this Charter is utilised for the service of mankind in times of war and of national calamity. I ndeed, the American Red Cross Society is peculiar among such organisations in that from its earlies t foundations it devoted itself to the requirements of militar y and civilian emer gencies.

Well written, neatly prInted on excellent paper, and freely illustrated throughout its 200 pages with 70 photographs which depict the types of service given in war, in civil disaster, and in peace preparations-the book is full of interest from start to finisb, and is well worth a place in the library of a Fir st Aider, be he British or American.

THE ATLAS 0 F THE MALE HUlA BODY.

By H. E. Biss r-.r.D. and G. M. Dupuy M.D. London :-Balliere, TIDdall and Cox. Third Edition.

(Prise 6s. net.)

The third edition of the Popular Atlas of the Anatomy an d Physiology of the Male Human Body requires no commendation from us, since its sales afford the best proof of its usefulnes s and popularity. Dr. Georges Dupuy contributes eight excellent plates, four of which, the most important, he presents in col0urs so that the student gets well-nigh perfect ideas of the human body not only in its main outlmes but also in its component parts. Dr. Hubert Biss has set out in concise and simple terms the subject matter of the Atlas and has provided a copious and complete index whereby the details of Anatomy and Physiology are II1ade perfectly clear and the plates with their numerous figures are fully and freely explained.

In brief, we can in every way commend this Atlas (and its fellow which deals with the Female Human Body) to those First-Aiders who, having acquired a liking for anatomy and physiology, desire to extend their knowledge beyond the limited scope which is necessary for the efficient performance of First-Aid.

Burman Challenge Cup Competition will take place at the Victoria Schools, Wath-on-Dearne, on Saturday, April I9th, at 2 p.m. Entry Forms may be obtained from the Secretary, C. Burden, 109, Sandyrnount Road, or W. C. Winch, Rescue Station, Wath-on-Dearne. Last date of Entry, April 15th.

March, 1924. -FIRST

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In PRESCRIPTION

RE ADINC" and U ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC."

Everyone enga.ged in FIRST AID work should take up the a.bove Courses at once.

A member 01 S.J.A.B. writes :-" I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T.B.)

Special terms nOW-half fees-to members of S.J.A.B.,

For Wounds, Cuts, S,"lds lnd Burns

Use the Doyen of all Dressings, GERMOLENE.

As tonishes by the rapidity of its Soothing, Healing Action.

GERMOLENE has established it supremacy in first aid work in every part of the world. I t is unequalled for very obvious reasons:-

I. As a germicide GERMOLENE is supreme. Septic complications are impossible where it is used. I cleanses wounds of ever y particle of foreign matter. The bac illi of poison shrivel and d ie when it is applied.

2. GERMOLENE soothes immediately. There is none of the tingl ing, smarting, or pa in which is associated with ba c tericidal agents so often used in the past. The action of GERl\10LENE is so rapid that the quick cessation of pa in invar ia bly astonishes the user.

J GERMOLE N E heals completely and safely. New tissue is bu ilt up in a healthy, natural manner. I nflammation and festerin g stop be c ause the cause is e xpelled.

GERMOLENE should be kept ready for use by all ambulance workers; it should certainly have a permanent place in every factory first-aid chest and in every home for immediate application in cases of cuts, wounds, scratches, scalds and burns. It is just as useful for every kind of skill compla int, and it is the doyen of all sk in preparations for use in children's ailments.

SOOTHES AT A TOUCH

Prias 1/3 alld 3/-, 01 all Chemists.

To Medical Practitioners, Hospitals, School Clinics, and to Nurses who enclose their professional cards, a generous trial supply of GERMOLEN E will gladly be sent gratis

Sole Dz'stributors,' THE VENO DRUG CO., Ltd., Manuracturin.£? Chemists, Manchester.

'Yadil' Antiseptic First Aid. • In

'yADIL' Antiseptic at last makes it possible to first aid not only In accidents but also z'n dz'sease. render

When used in the treatment of wounds, cuts, bruises, 'Yadil' makes blood poisoning impossible. I t ensures prompt healing. A second dressing IS seldom required.

Should there be a rIse In temperature, 'Yadil' may be given without the slightest hesitation. This will check all fevers at the ou tset.

'Yadil' non-irri tan t. \vith absolute

An tiseptic It can be safety.

IS non - pOIsonous, non - caustic, used both externally and ill tern ally

Am bulance men who have gIven It a trial In their work have adopted it with enthusiasm.

Free booklet posted on request.

PREPARED BY Clement & Johnson Limited

Research Medical Chemists

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FIRST AID, HOME NURSING, HOME HYGIENE & CARE OF CHILDREN

PUBLICATIONS BY COLONEL R.. J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C.M.G., C.LE., D.S.O., M.D., M.R.C.P.E., D.P.H.(Lond. Knight of Grace of St. John, Member of the Order of Mercy, Kaiser-i-Hind Medalist, Barrister-at-Law, Asst.-Commissioner St. John Ambulance Brigade.

AID.- March, 1924.

MANU ALS OF FIRST-AlD, &C., By N. CORBBT PLBTCHBR, M.B., B.C., B.A.(Cantab), •• R.C. s, Now READY.

AMBULANCE COMPETITION TESTS (Stretcher, Individual and Question-Three Folders)_ Price 3d. each net, post. I , d.

AIDS TO FIRST·AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free, lId.

Flrst.Ald Slmllll1led aod Tabulated, with Aids to Memory, Col. Si.- Janus Ca,.tHe co,.t.-ioutes a" itltyoductio,. and we e,.doY$t his cooa oji,.ioH 0./ tlte book."-LANCBT

AIDS TO HOME.NURSINQ.

Second Edition. Price II d_. post free.

Home-Nursing Simplified and Tabulated. wltb Aids to Memory.

" This book wONde.-follll simplifies a comPlex suoiect aNd should be read !J1/ a i, stude,.ts."-L. & N.W. Rv GAZBTTE.

EFFICIENCY IN FiRST.AID.

Post free, 3d.

Problems In Study, Treatment and ExamInation solved for Senior Stndent s, " Without doubt tlte 0001. will oe 0/great unJice i,. t/u t.-aini"g- 0/ tlwse lor wh.om it is desi.e,.ed. " -BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

COMMON ERRORS IN FIRST·AID.

IS. n e t: pos 2d_

Errors In First-Aid Detailed and Explained, "7ft is 0001. g ives a clea r !>' ins ig-ltt ,tlo tlu mdho ds an d diffic ulties oj eme.-g-i!tl cy treatmen t by ay m en t h a lt tile otJicia Tex book /sd.f."- LA t; CET

WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID.

Fi fth Edition Price II. 2d .• post free.

Difficulties In Study and Treatment solved by Question and Answer,

" W commend this book to Ltctu.-ers atld Stude,.ts wh.o wili ji,.d it 0./ [;Teat su'Oiu. "-FIRST AID.

HINTS FOR HOSPITAL ORDERLIES.

Post free , 8d.

Orderly Duties Simplified aud Tabulated. with Aids to Memory, A most compact o.-ochu.-t cOtltaif<S muc" useju/ itl'/or»,atio" ."-PRESCRIBE R

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAM S FOR LECTURING PURPOSES.

M ou nt ed on Ca nv as, R oll e r ap a nd bott om.

215. net eac h.

John Bale, Sons and Danielsson, Ltd., Gt. Titchfield stl'eet, London, W.1.

WE SPECIALIZE IN S.J.A.B. UNIFORMS.

OFFICERS' UNIFORNS, CAPS, SAM BROWNE BELTS, GREATCOATS, RANK and FILE UNIFORMS, BELTS and POUCHES, CAPS, HAVERSACKS, GLOVES, etc.

Patterns and particuiars, with Self-measurement Forms, sent to any address by return of post.

SPECIAL LINES.

S.J.A.B. Tunic and Trousers = £2 7 6 (Black Vicuna or Serge)

S.J.A.B. Trousers - 12 / 6 & 16 / 6 per pair (Stock, all sizes) (Postage 9d.)

AMBULANCE NURSES COATS

37/6

1. Hum a n Ske let on, ront ,·iew. 2. '11 front ie\\". 3 II \lman Skeleton, b a ck vie w 4. ;' I uscles, hack view ::;. The H earl and pri nc pal Blood Yessels.

6. sce ra o h e C hes and \ boome n (,\). -. Y iscera of the Chest a nd A bdomen (8 ) 8 V isce a of t h e Ches t and Abdomen (C). C). V is, eLl pC the C hest and A bdo men CD) 10. The N en'ous System. J. Sd'en,at c niagram of Circula ion.

12 T he Hu ma n Ear. I". The Human Eye. q. Section t h ro ugh Skin.

'5. M edial< Section throllch If ead.

FIRST AID -

AND THE -

ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

NOTICE TO READER.S.

FIRST AID is published on the 20th of each month. The Annual Subscription Is 3S. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

Its aim and object being the advancement 01 Ambulance Work I , all its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and Re ports on subjects pertaining to the Movement ll,Ild also welcomes suggestions for Practical Papers.

All Reports, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at th e add ress be low, and should reach bim before the 12th of each month, an d must be accompanied (not necessarily /01' publication) by the na me and address of the Correspondent.

tremendous part of their leisure time In advancing the cause of first aid on the railways.

All Wool Grey, and Black Serge. Extra quality material. Strictly t o regulation.

THORNTON &

Postage 1/CO., 24, Commercial St., BRIGHOUSE.

TELEPHONE 281.

By J_ M. CARVELL.

M.Jl.C.S.Eng. AN INDEX OF A "ade mecum for all Ambulance \\'orkers.

I cap. Bvo. Cloth bOllnd. Post IS. 8d.

The" F E W WO R D " S eri es of P oc k et Fol d e rs:-

FIRST AID IN FEW WORDS. (82nd thousand). With Co lour ed Di ag ams. 12p p. Cl oth, 6d. S t ron,; p aper. :Jd. P ost HOME NURSING IN FEW WORDS. (26th thousand). With use fu refer en ce t:'tbles 14 pp. pa per, 2d. P os BANDAGINC DIAGRAMS. 12 PP. -72 bandag ng diagrams, wi t h notes. S trong paper , 2d. P ost HEALTH IN FEW WORDS. By Sir R, H FIRTH. D_P.H •• F.R C.S_ 20 th Thousand. Paper folder 3 in. and 4 in. Post free 3d. net.

By HOWARD M. PRESTON. Demotlst.-ato.- to t"e PO/lItech"ic THE TRIANCULAR BANDAGE: Its Application Accurately Desc';bed by Words and 116 Diagrams II6 Illus. Price, I s. net; postage 2d. THE ROLLER BAN DAGE. Its Application Accurately Described by Words and 162 Diagrams. Price, s. net; postage, 2d.

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMB.

Thirteen (I to 12 and 4) on Roller. Post free, 3S. 9d. net. No 13 (separately) Male and Female Genital Organs, IS. THE COMPLETE MANIKIN. Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy, Medicine, First-Aid and Allied Subjects. Price :liS. net; postage, 4d.

THE WHOLE ART OF BANDAaINa.

By THEKLA BOWSER. Illu strated. P os free, Ill.

POCKET FIRST AID SERIES.

By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B_. C.M_G C.I.E .• 0.5_0 M.D.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business tommunications co nnected with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4. Telegraphic Address.' "Twentll-/our, London." Telephone No. 5477 Bank.

EDITORIAL.

THE finals of the Inter-Railway CompeFirst Aid on tit ion will be decided next month, and R.ail ways. judging from the preliminary competitions that have been held in the various area <:, some fine teams should corne forward for the big eve n '. This year there are eight entries, the four large r railways holding their preliminary contest on April [ tb, tbe final taking place on May 15th and 16th. The fir st day's event will not be witnessed by the public_ The co ntests under new conditions has to be "tried out" this p ar, but with the careful organisation that has been made the re should b e no hitch in the proce€'dings.

No argument is required to support the pre-emin e nt im portance of first aid on our railways, and these annual co mpetition s do much good in stimulating the interest of e mployees in the subject. Each year the majority of the Companies are increasing the num ber of their classes of instruction, and a large part of the credit of this forward movement is due to the Centre Secretaries, who devote a

FOR tht last month or so correspondAn Ambulance ence has be-:n appearing in our columns League. on this subject, the object of which is to suggest ways and means to make the training of a more interesting character. Dr. Spaight in this number gives a resume of what is being done in Nottingham in toe way of inter-divisional competit io ns, but from our experience it is not the large corps that suffer so much in tbis respect, for they have opportunities of many inter events, both instructional and social, but not so the isolated units in the small towns_ Here we have d. small band of men or women wbo carryon year by year, perhaps with little support from their townspeople, and few opportunities of public duty, yet they are rendering yeoman service in dealing with accidents, It is from members of these divisions we should like to hear bow they carryon so that it may be a stimulus to others.

London Street Accidents.

MR. T_ HENDERSON asked the Under Secretary for the Horne Dtplrtment in the House of Commons on February 28th, asked whether a person meeting with an accident on the public streets of the city was compelled to remain, if seriously hurt, where the accident occurred, irresp"ctive as to whether the accident occurred convenient to an hospital or otherwise, until the arrival of an (ffi:ial ambulance and would he examine the regulations of the London authoritie3 with a view to an imp-ovement of the r e gulations dealing with street accid e nts.

Mr. A. Greenwo l d (P,uhamentary Secretary. Ministry of Health) said that the ambulance arrangements of the Metropolis were und er examination by a Corn mittee appointed by King Edward's Hospital Fund for London, and when that Committee had reported the of He<\lth wou d be in a bett e r po.,ttion to SiY what, tf any, wrther action could be taken on the subject.

19 2 4 PIUCB TOgEEPBNCE [3/11 PER ANNUM, POST FREE

::The Grand 'riorg of the Ordn of the )(ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in &ngland. AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

3' he St. John J\mbulanee Srigade.

Prince of Wales's District DISTRICT ORDERS.

COMMISSIONER:

W. H. vVINNY, O B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL MA Y 1924.

Ma y ..j. th - No. 16 D v s on New Cross

" 11th- No. 17 " Wimbledon.

18th - N o. 19 " South Metropol tan Gas

" 2 5 th- o. 20 " Hampstead.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8. p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m. OBITUARY.

It is w i th much regret the Comm iss i oner has to announce the followin g deaths d 1rin g the month of March ;-

A a:bulance O fficer Sandell, No. 3 8 Division ( L.B.&S.C.R. ).

Capta in J. Palmer, No. 8 4 (Twickenham ) Division.

PRELIMINARY COMPETITIONS.

The following prel iminary Competitions will be held at St. John' s Gate, Clerkenwell, on the dates shown ; -

April 22 0d 6.30 p.m., Nursing Bowl.

" 2 4th 7. 30 p.m., Gent Cup.

" 2 6th 3 p m., Dewar Shield.

" 26 th 3 p m Osborn Shield.

" 29 t h 6.:)0 p.m., Perrott Sh eld.

Compet i tors se c ur ing over 50 per cent. marks in the r ursi ng Bowl, Gent C up, in th.ese preliminary Competitions w ill be ent i t l ed to enter for the FlDals on May 3 rd

ANNUAL INSPECTION.

\ V ill Officers and Members in Charge of Ambulance and N urs ing D ivisions please notify the Public Duty Officer at St. John s Gate, ClerkenweJl, E.C. as soon as possible, but not later than A pril 19 th, the probable number their members who will be Dresent at the Annual Inspection on Saturday June qth, when the D strict will be inspected by H.R.H. The D uke of Y ork.

ORDERLIES FOR CAMP HOSPITALS.

By request of the pistr ict Surgeon, some vacancies for Orderl ies on the Hospital Staff of the Annual Camp of the Public Secondary Schools Cadet Association are being reserved for men of NO.1 District. The Camp will be held at the end of July at Winchester, and camp charges will probably average 20 5. per week. Excellent practi c al experIence is assured because a ration strength of over 1,00 0 cadets is expected Those i nterested should write direct to Lieut - Colonel H. Mackenzie, M. D., 29 , Fit zjames Avenue, W. 14 without delay.

ST. JOHN . AMB U LANCE , BRIGADE CADETS.

Offi c ers and Members in Charge of Divisions are reminded of the e x istence of St. John Ambulance Brigade Cadets, and every e ffort they may make in this direction for the furtherance of the movement will be much appreciated.

RE - E X AMI N ATIONS.

Offi c ers and Members in Charg-e of both Ambulance and N urs i ng D ivis ons are reminded it is important the following information must. be furOl s hed, ,:",heI.1 applYIng for permiSSIOn to hold theIr D IVIS ional Re-examInatIOn.

Date of examination. Number of members to attend. Na me a n d address of examining Surgeon.

Th is i nformation must be sent to Head Quarters at least a fo rtn ght before the eICamination is to be held, and the envelope

AID. - April, 1924

addressed to the District Surgeon, at St. John's G a te Clerken well.

BANK HOLIDAY DUTY, APRIL 21, 19 24. arrangements made for August 19 23 will hold good fo r Easter Monday, April 2 1St. Any Division that cannot undertake the duty lor Easter Mond a y, w ll please notify the Publi c Duty Officer immediately.

Divisions desirin g to p erform duty at the follow i n g pla c e s, Barnes Common, Welsh H a rp, ( Hendon ), N oTwood Park ( Lee ) Shoulde r ut Mutton, Syd e nham Well s , should make earl y a p p l c a tion t o He a d Q uarter s

W. H WINNY, Commission er

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending ne s paper cuttings of their meet ings, etc., to give the date of pub l ication of the n e wspapers .- EDITOR.

N.C. O .' s CLl., Jl A mee i n g w ill b e hel d o n T hursda y, May J st , 7 3:> p m. a t W I I. S mith & So n s Cl ub I I, \ lI IfOl cllane, S trand. 'V.C. :!. 1\ 1r J C A r c hbol d will giv e a n o t h er interest i n g- t a lk. T h e S e cr et ary nV i tes a ll N .C.O s o f h e Bri g ade ( Prin c e of W a les 's D is tr ic t ) t o joi n The C lu b is n ot c onfined to one p ar tic ular are a Pa rt icu la rs ca n b e ha d at t he meetin g- or from H. J. Pa lmer, H o n Sec., 70, Te\\lngto n Gree n· road, N.l.

N O.7 ( T OY NBEE HALL ) D I\'JSION.-O n Ma rc h 15 th ad rank s assembled a t t h e P icca d illy D e p tlt o f Me ssrs S la te n, Ltd ., on the o ccas i o n o f the 5 th Ann ual D in n er of t h e D iviS io n, and thorou g hly en jo yed an e xc ellentl y ,el v e d repast Durin g the c ourse of the e v enin g the C h air m aT', S u pt L\. Ne'W t on, in t r oduc ed the Ho n D iv. Su r g e o n, D r . ] I Gor don Ma c kenz ie, D '3 0., M D ., who exp r essed h is gr eat p le as u r e at be n g present. A fter re c ount i n g so m e amusing ane c d ot es from h s student d ay s, he p r e s ented t h e E mly n J o nes C u p a wl 1st Pri ze to P r iv at e H a rr is on a nd the 2 nd a n d 3r d Priz e s to Privates Eas on an d L ev e y respe c t iv ely Corps S erge a nt - M aj or Lom a s in m ov i n g a t oas to II T l e Division, " tendered h is c on g ratulat on for the s u cc e s s n the past year, and enjoine d all members to work ha r d, k e epi n g- up the tr a ditional standard of effi ci en c y.

Aris ing out of h s to a st to The Visi tors ,:' S t aff·S er g ea n t C. Bower the mutual ple as ure e x per ien c t' d at t l e renewal of old friend s h p s , and expre ss e d the t ha nks of th e Divi si on to the mu sic al ar t is tes. Me sdam e s Co nn ie P r os se r and Mildred Jones, a nd M e s srs R. P h ill ip s a nd O utr am for their ex c ellent ser vi ces.

Prior to the c omp a ny unit in g in Aul d L a n g Syn e , th e Chairman made re v erend referen c e to the st r! n g q ua iti es and devotion to duty of the late Private Warren, and a ll ro se to observe a minute of stlen c e to his memory.

The arrangements of the evenin g were in the h a nds o f th e Divis ional Soc ial C omm ittee.

No. 3 District.

BIR l\ IIN GH AM - On 19 th the Headqu ar tel s D iv is io n held a successful Concert, when an excellent musi c al pro g ra m me was rendered.

During the evening Dr. D. J. Nicol, M.C the D ivisio n a l S urgeon presented First Aid Certificates to eleven new recru its D visional Supt. Shaw later a sked Dr. Nicol to accept fr om the Division as a token of e :. teem a silver cigarette cas e suitably inscribed.

On March 24th the Curzon-street ( L.M.S.) Divis on he ld a concert in the Temperance Hall which was enjoyed by a l ar ge audience. During the evening the President,Mr. T. H Sh i pl e y, presented Nursing Certificates to candidates who had b ee n successful at the recent Nursing Examination.

A presentation of a hancisome attach e case was also m ad e to Corps Officer J. E. Matthews as a token of appreciation of

April, 1924. - 1"'1 1R. S T AID. -

the zeal and energy which Mr. Matthews puts into all..A.'D1bulance Work which he undertakes.

The. President congratulated lme Division their JDcrease tn membf'rshlp and expressed tile hope that I be c eeds of the Concert would provide a subsftantial sum provision of Uniform5 and Equipm ent. t e.

Boy the request !. [i

O fficers of the BirmIngham BattalLOn, the Birmingh? ';J, of the St. John Ambnlance Brigade supplied Officer All j udges in the Boys B rigade senior and Junior Amr .!n..!b-..!.ct as C ompetitions. Cup

A letter expressing pleasure at the effic wh ch the competition was conducted has siT' 4: lO

I t is considered that taking an interest en it ions is the best way to indu c e the boys to b I11ll ,the St. John Brigade as they grow older. ec()me memfJeTs df No. 5 District.

NE \\' E OLI NGTO - A } , dance was held on March \\ hlst drive and E dlington. At the WI l(;: o'Uncil Schools, New Corps Officer J. 6 tables were occupied.

;f.&J Jot' rt pe ( 0f'fK'e-{ In charge ) was the M.C.

gave the. report for the year 19 23 as foliows. The r strength IS made up as follows :- I div isional supt IVlslonal surgeon, 4 ambulance officers 4 curporals, and 101 privates, a total of 122 43 drill; have been held durtng the year with a total attendan c e of 2 186 an average of 5 I which compares favourably w th years. The annual re-examination was held m M ar c h and no fewer than 97 members were very exam ined by D r and he was satisfied that !J4 of the 97 wet e e clent III aid pra'€ ti ce. The number of passes is i n excess of !he inspect on was held in the Inspecting ( Assistant Commiss ioner : lO hiS report showed that he was perfectly satl tie-d With the work 78 members were on parade and 1 were for vanous reasons.

Dunng. I923 as in previous years the brig a de has been kept busy various d.uties the total number be ing in ex c es s of any year the bngade was formed j n I9 I2 The total number of duties. perfo rmed during the year was 2 806 o v er 2,000 theatre duties beIng included in th a t number, an d the at. dances, concerts, war mem o rial political meetIngs, firework d isplay, etc. A ttend in g are a feature of any brigade, and the Sunderland diVISion are not behind in th is matter as they have attended n o

A fter whist was over, the dance c LJmmenced, to which do zens c ame to swell the already large crowd; but, nevertheless, a lt.hough somewhat crushed for room everybody seemed to e nJOY themselves,

During the evening Corps Officer J. Gawthorpe thanked he company present for their kind patronage, he also extended a the audience to come and take up a study o f Aid, and Imp.ressed on them the importance of the sa me tn our everyday life.

This divis ion is only havinl.( only been regist ered some 17 months, but IS growIng steadily in numbers and t he members have reason to be proud that this effort put t he division on a sound financial basis.

The refreshment rooms were in the very capable hands or M rs. J. Gawthorpe, assisted by members' wives and friends.

No.6 District.

S UN Di:RLAND.- The annnual meeting of the division was h eld on March 19th. Supt. Charles Cook in the chair s upported by Ambulance Officer W. J. Jordan, Wm. Graham: A. B. Talbot and D. NelsQn (A. O. J. W,

less than 2,9 8 6 cases. I n the Addison Bowl Com Ambulance Officer Nelson, Sergts. R. Price pe ItlOn Corp ora} R. Bailey, and 'Villiam Price have' J; efferson, by wmDmg the bowl and gold medal< three e a rec ord The Charles <:ook shield and ?ilver r:::: Jefferson, Plwates Booth FlOlyson Burdon d D Y Shergt. S t C k , , an o c erty up. 00 IOlrrmed the division thal they had b the Robert Anderson cup for the most efficI' ent a N 6 d" IVIS lon 10 the o. Istnct which comprises the Counties of Durh NortlllUmberland, and North and East Ridi

On the proposition of Private vVilliam Laydnogs of Yordksdh lre J Y M n, se c on e by ason and supported by Corporal J. H T r tf report was adopted. op I the

The presentation of. the Robert Anderson C took on Thursday Dlght, April Joth I 'l up , Co-operative Hall, Sunderland. This Cup b; -< 4, at Jhe to. Eastern Division as the ed DIVISion 10 the No.6 District which comprises No th bent land, Durham, and North and East Ridin s of urn The gathering took the form of a social ev:nin orkshlre Mayor of (Councillor G S LawgSOan)d d a nc.e. •. n In

The Rescue Team uf th M t h II M S e I c am Colliery. They are all ambulance men ergt. Wmch being the instructor.

-FIRST

the chair, supported by Alderman \V. Walker. Others present included Supt. C. Cook. Am bulance Officers Jordan, Graham, Nelson and Talbot of the Sunderland Eastern Division. The Local Centre St. John Ambulance Association were represented by the Chairman, M r. J. L. Waugh, and the Secretary, Mr. Summersgil1. The Nursing Division by Lady Officer, Mrs. Waddell. About 250 members and friends were present The Hearty Andrews Concert Party provided the harmony, and were splendidly received, the dancing of Miss M. Ambler and Master L. Chaprr,an and Miss Stubbs (the latter two being aged respectively 8 and 10), were special hits, and the singing of 1\liss Stenton, Chape, and Wright was of a very high order. Other artistes were Messrs. Hindhaugh, Ridley, Burdis, Capeling, and Rich. During the interval the Mayor introduced Assistant Commissioner Stanley Embleton and Captain Nicholas, of Headquarters, Newcastle, and in the course of his remarks sa id the townspeople were proud of the Ambulance Brigade, and needed no cup to remind them that they had a most efficient brigade, they knew that by the services rendered to the but still it was rather nice to think that out of nearly 200 Brigades in the area, Sunderland should be top. Alderman W. 'A'alker supported the Mayor 10 his remarks. Assistant Commissioner Embleton then handed over the Cup to Supt. Cook, and said it was something to be proud of that the largest Divis ion in numbers should also be the most all-round, efficient. Other Divisions came very near, but the Sunderland Eastern just headed them. Supt. Cook in accepting the Cup said it was the highest honour that had ever come to the town as far as ambulance work ,vas concerned, but other divisions in No.6 District had their eyes on the trophy, and it behoved every member to do his utmost to retain it in 1924' Refreshments were served, and dancing was kept up until the early hours. Music was supplied by Private T. C. Brown, Mr. Wilson, Brown and Mendal with great success.

No. 9 District.

PLy::.roUTH.-On April 4th, the workers of the Order at Plymouth were honoured by a special visit by General Sir Percival \Vilktnson (Secretary-General alld Director of Ambulance Department of the Order and acting Chief Commissioner of the Brigade).

The day commenced with an inspection of the ambulance stations, cars, and other branche.s of the work of the Plymouth Centre tncludtng a large first aid class for police constables. The ambulance arrangements in a large factory for which a St. John worker is responsible also proved of great interest to the General.

After lunch, a reception was held at the invitation of Mr. J. H .J.P. of .Centre Executive) when the promillent citizens assoCiated With the work of the Order together with staff and diviSional officers of the brigade were introduced to the distinguished visitor.

In the evening, the officers, members and cadets of the brigade gathered in the town hall. General Wilkinson was received by a guard of hono:Jr under Corps Supt. Hitchcock. He then proceeded to the large hall where he was greeted by hundreds of adults and junior workers.

The opened with a pianofortf' solo by Private Chaffs. Followmg were a series of interesting displays by brigade members in which almost all phases of the work of the Order were demonstrate·!' The work of the cadet teams also 3:n excit!ng rescue from asphyxiating gas requiring the of life savlllg helmets and oxygen were received with special er:thusiasm. t.he displays, Madam Edgar (Ambulance Sister, Sherwell DIVISIOn) rendered solos with considerable merit.

Sir Percival Wilkinson briefly addressed the meeting and congratulated all on what he had seen during the day and at the demonstratIOn. He gave an outline of the new Voluntary Aid Scheme, and urged all adult divisions to become' detachments. Before separating, three hearty cheers for the general were given.

No. 10 District.

HAVERHILL.-Dr. T. H. Goodham, who has been associated

AI D.-

with the Haverhill Division since its inception twenty-five years ago, has been successful in starting Cadet Divisions of some IS boys and 30 girls for work with the Brigade.

Dr. Goodman now holds the position of County Surgeon for Suffolk and it is proposed to celebrate his long association with ambulance work in the town of Haverhill by a special full dress parade of nurses, men and cadets on April 23rd which will be the 25th anniversary of the formation of the Division.

IpSWICH. -The annuual competition for the Gippeswyk Challenge Cup was held at the A:nbulance Station, Samuelroad on March ]4th. The newly-appointed Divisional Surgeon (Dr. A. Clolldesley Smith. F.R.C.S.) acted as judge. Four teams were entered under Corporal Kennell, Ambulance Officer Bird, Sergeant Brett and Lance-Corporal Lucas respectively. The stretcher case was of a patient suffering from ruptured intestines with fractured spine. Although there was very keen rivalry for possession of the trophy, Corporal Kennell's team was declared the winners. Supt. Goddard thanked the doctor for kindly acting as judge and the District Supt. ( Captain Gooderham) together With officers front the Corps ( Messrs J. Pawsey and \V. C. Smith ) all complimented the teams for the high standard of the work witnessed, adding congratulations to the successful team.

A church parade of Ipswich Corps and ursing Corps wa s held at Bramford - road Wesleyan Church on Sunday;\1 arch 30th Supt. J. Pansey was in charge of the Corps and Lady Corp s Supt. Miss L. Haggar, A.R.R.C. of the Nurses A feature of the parade was the first appearance of two cadets, the sons of Sergt-Major Barrel'.

No.

II (S. E. & C.

R.) District.

Preston schoolroom was the rendezvous of the Faversham divisions' annual rneetlDg on Tuesday, l\Iarch ] J tho Dr. Evers was in the chair, supported by the Rev. J. H. Martin, and local , railway officials. A very satisfactory report was presented. Lord Harris was re-elected preSident.

Much regret has been expressed at the illness of DiviSional Supt. G. Henniker, Ashford works diviSion. Mr. Henniker has been a keen ambulance worker for nigh on forty years, and is the doyen of the movement in Ashford.

The Sevenoaks diVision held its annual meeting at th'! Bat and Ball on February 28th. The kindly encouragement of the station supt. 11r. Wilson, and the support of local residents, were outstanding features of 19 2 3.

Commissioner E. A. Richards preSided at the Chatham division annual meeting. Sickness was responsible for the absence of the popular district officer, :\1 r. \ \'. T. Hancox, H.S.B.

With the Mayor of the Borough as chairman, the Deal and \Valmer division held its annual dinner III the Masonic Hall on March 7th.

The Chairman of the Urban District Council presided over the Tonbridge division annual dinner on March I5th. Warm praise was bestowed on Divisional Supt. Agnew and his helpers for their splend d work.

Despite transport difficulties, the London divisions rallied in good numbers at The Horns, Kennington, on "'Vlarch 26 h for their second annual dinner. CommiSSIOner and Mrs. E A . Richards attended, and were accorded musical honours. In an eloquent speech District Surgeon T. Halliwell proposed the toast of" The Visitors," on whose behalf Mr. Cooper, President, Sevenoaks division, responded.

Battersea Loco Dept. has now formed a ctivision. The division is drawing its membership from a depot that has always taken deep interest in ambulance work. It bids fair to be a great success.

H.R H. the Duke of York will inspect the No 1 (Prince of Wales'1» District of the St. Jehn Ambulance Brigade i!! Hyde Park on June 14tb.

H.R.H. the Duchess of York will present the Shields and Prizes after the St. John Am bulance Brigade competitions in the Wharncliffe Rooms on May 23rd.

April, 1924 -FIRST J\mbulance.

LONDON, MlDLAND AND SCOTTISH RAILWAY.

The South Wales District Am bulance Competitions were htld at Hercflr? The organisation of the competitions was capably calned out by ML E. W. T. Morris of the District Traffic Superintendent's Office, the the am bulance secretary of the South Wales district. Tbirteen teams took part, comprising about 100 members of the railway sta!'!. These constituted a record. The day's proceedings startf'd at 930 a.m. and included .in strt tcher work, with IOdividual injurits, and mdlvldual questions. he judges wtre:

. .I?r. G.l?.E..Tullis (stretcher work), Dr. J. R. Bulman IOJ unes), and Dr. William Ainsley (tndividual questIOns).

work continued until after 5 p m., when the of the prizes provided by the RaIlway Company, was performed. These consisted of five cases of cutlery containing 30 pieces, five mahogany clocks, five cases of carvers and steels, five electro-plated flower vases, and five electro-plated breakfast cruets.

Lady Lewis presented the prizes as follows; I, Aberand Talywain pOtnts); 2, Nantybwch (29); 3,. SI:howy (2Z1); 4, Junction. One Gt the wtnnlng team WdS Harry Taylor, whose home is at West Lydiatt, Wlthington.

Special individual prizes for five men who obtained the highest individual mark.; four prize-winning teams; I, A. C. Rogers, Pontillanffralth (37 points); 2 (c: qual), M. G. DaVies, Blaenavon, and R. G. Davies, Dowlals (3 6 ); 4 (equal), J. J. Thompson, Tredegar Loco. and R. Read, Abergavtnny (35).

The non-prize-winniog teams were placed in the order: 5, Abergavenny, Br€con Road (z I POlOtS); 6, Pontllanffratth (209); 7 Tredegar Loco.) z08; 8, Lno. (197); 9 and 10 (equdl); Abc:rgaveony EoglneerlOg and DJwlalS (I J); I I, Tredegar (180); Il, Blaenavon (I7 z1); 3, Brynmawr (169).

District AmbulanCe Competition in With the centre was held in The Campbell \femortal Hall, Chester.

J. Welsh of judged the 16 teams with the follOWIng result ;North Docks 32 3t

2 Liverpool (Exchange Statioo) 30 9

3 Edge Hill Goods... 287

4 Great Howard Street 276

5 Alexandra Dock 24 1

6 North Mersey 23 1 -k

7 Park Lane 22U

8 Lime Street

9 Garston Dock No. r... 21 3£

10 St. Helen's Stores 212

II Garston Dock NO.2... 180.t

I2 EdgeIIillTrafficNo.1

17 8£

13 Canada Dock 178

I4 Edf;e Hill loco

15 Edge Hill Traffic No.2] 57

16 Marsh Lane

Manoch presented each man in the first four teams With a valuable prize, and consolation pnzes were Won by:-

W W. Lesson, North Mersey; F. Collins EdO'e Hill Loco

W· Downes, Alexandra Dock; T. B. Park Rowlands, St. Helen's Stores; R. Crice, Lime Street.

AID.- 221

The dist.rict. goods manag,:r, H. Manock Esq, preSided, and In hiS remarks pJinted out the great ad vantages of a knowledge of first aid to the injured.

The arrangements fur the competition were made and ably carried out by the district Mr. G J Tucker, M. RE., assisted by Me. G. S. Hill, of Hunt's Bank, Manchester, and the Liverpcol Di5trict Committee.

The proceedings were brought to a conclusion by the usual vote of thanks.

LONDON AND N0RTH EASTERN RAILWAY.

(N orth Eastern Area Cen tre).

The final competition of the above centre for th'" of the team to represent the North E::I.stern An; In t.he L. & N.E. R. group competition was held on Apnl 5th.1 10 the Railway Institute, Gateshead, when a la.rge audience of raIlway employees with their wives and fnends at.tended to witness the struggle for the honour of representIng the au a, and holding the "Wharton" shield for the ensuing year. Six teams competed, one from each of six. ?f cer:tre, position acbieved by their obtaIning premier pOints 10 thcIr district competitions_ Col. F. H. Westmacott, C B. E., F. R.C S D. L., a Knight or Grace of the Order of St. John, from was judge, and spent from 10 a.m. [Q 540 p m. m Judging the teams.

The test for the stretcher work was as follows :-

A plssenge.r train is derailed half-a· mile from a station. man is discovered in a splintered coach held firmly down by a piece of timber across both legs above the a.nkles. A is seen protlUdiog from the front of the light leg below the knee with blood on the tim ber and torn clothing. He is pale and collapsed with a feeble pulse. There are two scalp wounds above the left ear. He cannot be romed to answer questions. Act as you should.

The individual tflStS were :-1. What are the signs and treatmcot of apoplexy. 2. Treat this man for a fracture of left clavicle. 3. What are the causes and signs of fracture of the knee cap, and treat such a case.

4· :V hat are the signs of ioternal bremorrhage? 5. An has passed over the: right foot of this man, cutting It off, through the metarsal boneS. The result was declared by Col. Westmacvtt as follows :-

District Class Stretcher Individual Total 1st Newcastle, Park-lane 159 163 3 22 2nd Darlington North-rd. 141 165 3 06 Hull ..\..lexandra dock 161 145 3 06 3 rd York York C. & W. 144 133 277 4th Middlesbro' W. Hartlepool 13 [ 115 24 6 5 th Star beck 128 87 21 5

In the courSP. of an address the Colonel expressed the: pleasure it had been to him to examIne such an excellent lot of teams, who had all done remarkably good work and ?e winning team would do as well, and better If pOSSible, 10 the group and national competitions.

Mr. J. T. Naisby (district goods manaf:,er) Newcastle in. the unavoidable absence of Mr. G. Hope, handed shield medals to winners, and wished them every success 10 the forthcoming events, in which they had to compete, and expressed their indebtedness to Col. Westmacott for his long, tf dious, and careful work that day, in which he felt certain all the teams whether winners or losers would agree had been absolutely fair.

Mr. v,. M. Barrington-Ward, Middlesbro' had pleasure 10 s econdlOg. Col. Westmacott, in replying, said it had

222

bten a real pleasure to him, and with the excellent arrangements made by their Secretary, Mr. Geo. Jackson and his able assistants, it had made it a pleasure, and not work.

Mr. C. Hill (Chairman of the Centre) then made a presentation of a wallet containing treasury notes to Mr. W. Hollings, on hi, retirement from service with the Company, and the Centre.

Amongst those present were: D. L. L. Westrope, Glteshead; Dr. J. D. and Mrs. Leigh, Sunderland; Dr. J. D. and Mrs. Sinclair, Darlington; Dr. J. W. J P., Middlesbro'; Dr. R. and Mrs. Appleby, Newcastle; Dr. C. aod Mrs. Mearns, N,=wcastle; Dr. Harlan, Newcastle; Mr. W. A. and Mrs. Fiddian (district supt.), Sunderland; Mr. T. C. and Mrs. Humphrey (stationmaster), Newcastle; Mr. H. A. Evans (assistant running supt.), York; Mr. H. Bell (lOCO. supt.) Tyne dock; Supt. J Rodgers (Police dept.), Newcastle; Mr. Ogl (chief constable) , Gateshead; Capt. Nicholas, S J. A..B., Newcastle; Mr. M. Fletcher (district secretary), D.ulington; Mr. G. H. OJ.kes, Hull; Mr. J. Willis, Hesleden; Mr. J. Willis, Gateshead; Mr. C. Starbeck; Mr. A. Atkinson, York; and tbe General Secretary, Mr. George Jackson, York.

Tbe winning team which consists of Senior A. Barker, H. Roberts, J. Butler J. Robson and E. Higginson (reserve) next compete against the winning teams of the G.N , G.E, and G.C. sections of the L. & N.E.R. in L'Jndon on the 25th April, when the two teams gaining the highest points meet the teams {rom the other groups of the railways of the country, in the railway competition of the S J. A.A. to find the holders of the chlllenge shield of the Association, which is to be decided at the Connaught Rooms, Queen-street, W.C, on the 16 th May.

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY_

During the months of February and March, the pre:iminary and semi-final rounds of the Great Western Railway Ambul3.nce Competitions have been decided.

For the fir&t time the preliminary or divisional competitions have been organised locally, a.nd local doctors engaged to adjudicate_ S':'parate tests were imposed for beginners and advanced workers in each of the seventeen divisions, and the arrangements provided for the best team in each class qualifying for the semi-final round.

As a matter of convenience the semi-final contests took phce plltly at Birmingham on March 11th, and partly at Bristol on March 18th and 19th. L'eut.-Colonel

F. A. Brooks and Dr. R. Connon Robertson, both of London, were judges for the team and individual work respectively, and from the thirty-four [earns competing, the following eIght obtained highest marks, and will, therefore, compete at Paddington in the Final Round on May 2nd for the Director s Challenge Shield, the Carvell Cup and prizes.

entered in the Advanced Class. By their position ,in 'the Semi-Fin II Comp Barry D )cks became the winners for 19Z3, of the" Butt Bowl" for the Best team on the Great Western Railway.

L.M.&S. & G.W. JOINT RAILWAYS.

The Annual Ambulance Competition amongst the staff of the London, Midland & Scottish and Great Western J oint Railways, under the supervision of the Joint Superintendent at Shrewsbury, to::>k place at the Y. \1 C. A. rooms at Birkenhead, on March 25th and 26th.

00 the 25th six beginner's teams took part in the Competition, and the two best teams took part in the Senior Competition on the 26th, with the following result : Beginners.-Birkenhead Town, Craven Arms, 250; Chester, 234; Birkenhead W., Tenbury Wells , 18o; Ellesmere Port, 149.

Seniors -Chest e r No. I, Rock Ferry Chester No. 3 Port Sunlight Z82; NO.2 27 8 ; Her e ford No.1 z6S; Hereford No. 2 Birken head Town, 248t; Birkenhead, Woodside 247; Craven Arms 1711.

Chester No. I Team will represent the Joint Line; i n the Inter-Railway Competition at S:. John's Gate, London , on April II tho

The Judges were-Drs. R. D. Thomas, Welshpoo l, and R. O. MOTl is, Newtown.

Mr. J. Williams, the Joiot Superintendent, presente d the prizes and also Long Service Medals to men who ha d passed 12 ambulance examinations.

The Chester team took the Thorne Cup for the be5t team in the Joint Lines and also the Walter Johnston Cu p for the best team in the Birkenhead District. E. Richardson and F. B. Cound, Rock Ferry, tied for the R. E. Johnston Cup, with 49 marks each out of a possible 50 Chester having won the Walter Johnston Cup thr ee times will retain it, and Mr. George Johnston, of Curzo n P,uk, Chester, the donor, has generously promised anoth er Cup for the C'Jmpetition next yen.

Ambulance Lecture at North Shields .

THE North Tyneside Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigad e, No.6 District, held a joint meeting at the Spence Assembl y Rooms, N OIth Shields, on February 29th, the nece&sar y arrangements having been made by Lady Divis!. Sup t. L'ddell. The meeting was opened by the Mayor, Alde r man Mumby, who spoke on the value and importance o f ambulance work, after which the Mayoress presented Firs t Aid Certificates to Ambulance Sisters.

An lecture was then given by Dr, J. O Murray, on I, Diseases, which at one time were prevalent in Great Britain, or now non-existent, or practically so."

The first of these diseases which he dealt with wa s " Plague," a very fatal disease which caused 70,000 death s in London alone during the" Black Death." The diseas e originated in rats, and through the medium of fleas it wa s transferred to the human being, death inevitably resultin g within 48 hours of being bitttn by the infected flel. Th e ab:>lition of Plague from this country was due in a larg e measure to the preventative measures adopted by th e sanitary authorities, and also to the fact that the then

April, 19Z4, -FIRST

tJre valenl black rat was succeeded by the brown rat which of different habits to the former, was not susceptible to plague. After describing some of the preventative measures, D r. Murray passed on the disease known as Rabies. (Ra.bies), is caused by the bite of a dog whIch IS Itself suffenng from the disease. The name Im plies" fear of water," the disease affecting the muscles c hIefly, and in particular those of the throat, so that the si ght of water causes agonising spasms which make it i mpossible for the patient either to eat, drink, or speak_ N ever very common, the disease is now non-existent in t his country, although in 19 I 8, owing to the disorganisat ion the 'Civil .Administration, some hundred people were bitten by rabid dogs before the muzzling order was p ut into effective use. However, these cases were successfully treated bv Pasteur's method; Dr. Murray gave pa rticulars of Pasteur's discovery for the treatment of R abies.

Typhus Fever, commonly known as Jailor Camp F ev e r, was the result of famine, filthy conditions, and overcrowding. In 1919, over I} million pwple died in R ussia from this disease, and untortunately Typhus Fever IS still very common ther e The disease is transmitted by li ce ; hence, to prevent the spread of the disease into o ther countries, there are large disinfecting stations at all th e big ports, where emigrants are thoroughly dism fected. In this country the disease has gradually d iminished, since the first Public Health Act of 1875, until no w it is a thing of the past.

Passing on to Small-Pox, Dr. Murray stated that this wa s a danger which would always be in our midst so long as ther e was an unvaccinated populatioo. In Germany, as a r esult of compulsory vaccination, th e re was never any s mall -pox. B e fore 1750, the only attempt at vaccination was that made by Lady Montague ; in 17 50, J ena was sta ying at Norfolk and observed that milkmaids who got c ow -pox never got small-pox. These observations lead to ex periments which resulted in the production of " lymph," a nd it is this which is to -day used for vaccination, although its preparation, which Dr. Murray described, is more sc ientific and reliable. Before 17 50, one tenth of the de aths in England were due to small-pox, whereas in J 900 only 1 in 100,000 died from it.

Another disease now scarcely heard of but which was p revalent all over Europe in the Middle Ages, is Leprosy. P rolonged and intimate contact with the afflicted person is for infection. The itself, though very dlsfigurmg, causes comparatively little i:1convenience to the pa tient otherwise. Under the new treatment by Chalmugra OI l, very beneficial results are being recorded, and a certain number of cures have been known.

Teta?us, commonly known as Lockjaw, is now fast from this country. This awful and terrifying d isease IS caused by a germ occurring in soil, and is there!ore .very prevalent in rich and highly cultivated lands. It disappearing because it can now be controlled by the IDjection of anti-tetanic s erum.

In concluding, Dr. Murray said that with the advance of medical science and research! knowledge would be obtained by which preventative measures for other existing diseases could be adopted. The lecture was greatly by all present, and Dr. Murray was thanked for hiS mstructlve and interesting remarks.

Refreshments were provided, followed by a Dance, and later in the evening, the Cadtts were presented with Certificates of Proficiency by Mr. Burton, through whose kindness t he Hall had been kindly lent, not only for this, but for many other occassions.

Disinfection. *

I.-How TO DISINFECT.

PERHAPS the reason why disinfection is often neglected in private houses where infectious disease has broken out is that most of us have very little imagination. We are willing enough to fight an enemy we can see, to a patient who is obviously ill, but we are rather sceptical about those millions of bacteria of which we are told that they are unseen carriers of disease. Not infrequently, too, 1/ ./ @

THE ADVENTURES OF

one hears an uneducated mother declare, after one child has developed measles or whooping cough, that as all the children will be sure to get it, she prefers to let them play together and have it at once. Her imagination bas never grasped the fact that children do not "get" infectious diseases unless they are carried to them, and that it is possible to prevent the spread of such disease with no more

* From th e Depa rtm e nt of H ea lth, L eagu e of Red C ross Societies_

'-< , •.• __ Ir's BellY-debe Sid .' "YUo;;, bu r WQc\.\ do we do - 0€fr " ,4 DU121LO si D.I've lor s l'"

SID & BERT.-No. I. By Corporal D. God/re)' , 5 j.A. B

-.

-FIRST

c t thc:l.n a supply of disinfectants and the i{(1o.)Wlc:ug - ot no lV to use them.

SuOllgOI, fresh aIr and cleanlin ess are three indispenS o.> b,e factors In prot e cting US against disease, but when it becomes necessary to prevent the spread of infectious disei:lsc: by kilhng the liVlOg germs which cause it, we must en lploy strcmger agents, known as disinfectants. The of th-:: disinfectant depends on tbe nature of the suost<tnce to be dlslOtecred, as well as upc ln the hardihood of tnt particular bacteria.

Heat is a good method of disinfection. Infected articles of sffiill value should be burnt. Boiling or steaming fabrics 10 closed vessels for ten minutes Will destroy most disease germs. Dry beat at 150 deg. C. (for instance, baklOg in an oven at this temperature) will also destroy most germs in a few minutes and the most resistant forms in two flOurS.

Carbolic acid solution may be prepared by dissolving 6 ounces (12 tablespoonfuls) of pure carbolic acid in one gallon of hot (200 grammes in 4,000 c.c.). This makes a 5 per cent. solution which, for most purposes, may be alluted with an equal quantity of water. Pure carbolic acid is a corrosive poison, and care must be taken that it does not come in contact with the skin. Carbolic acid solution is not destructive to fabrics, colours, metals or wond, and does not deteriorate, so that it is to be preferred to most proprietary dIsinfectants.

Corrosive sublimate, or bichloride of mercury, is one of the most powerful germ killers. For ordinary use, dissolve 60 grains of pulverized corrosive sublimate and two table spoonfuls of common salt in one gallon of hot water. For convenience the sublimate is sold in tablet form, 10, 20, or 30 grains to a tablet. This solution (approximately to 1,000) must be kept in glass, earthen or wooden vessels not in metal receptacles, and for safety it is well to colour the solution, for example with a little washing blue unless coloured tablets are bought. Both carbolic and bichloride solutions are very poisonous when taken internally. The disadvantages of the bichloride solution are that it corrodes metals and irritates the skin.

Milk of lime, or calcium hydroxide is a powerful disinfectant, made by adding 1 quart of dry, freshly-slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) to 4 or 5 quarts of water. The lime is slaked bV pouring a small quantity of water on a lump of quicklime. The lime becomes hot , crumbles, and a white powder results. Tbis powder is used to make milk of lime. Air-slaked lime has no value as a disinfec tant. The 20 per cent. solution (as above) added to equal p3.rts of {Geces or other filth will completely sterilize them Within two hours.

Chloride of lime, dissolved in water (approximately ounce to the gallon) will make a solution which kills most bacteria in from one to five minutes. It not only bleaches but destroys fabrics, and should be kept in closed vessels or packages.

Cresol has about the same disinfecting value as pure carbO lic acid; lysol is about three times as powerful. Formalin is a commercial solution containing about 40 per cent. of formald:::hyde gas, whlch is commonly used for dlsmtecttng rooms. V dnous lamps are on sale for generatiog thE gas A very simple method of surface dislDfcction is to spread sheets on hnes over the room and pour or spr.:ly on th-;m a quantity of formalin, of which 16 ounces used for every 1,000 cubic ftet of space.

Sulphur, or rather sulJhur dioxide gas, is also ExtensIVely used to rum1g ite sick-rooms. Four pounds of sui pbur should be burned for every 1,000 cubic feet. The

AI D.- April, 19 2 4

sulphur should be bloken lOto small pieCeS and put into a pan sufficiently large not to allow the melted sulphur to overflow. This pan is placed in a much larger one holding a little water. The cracks of the room should be carefully pasted up, and the door, after closing, also sealed. Three or four ounces of alcohol are poured upon the broken sulphur and the whole lighted by a match. ex.posl!re of 8 to J 2 hours should b e given. Sulphur fumlgatIon IS not as fffi cient as formaldehyde fumigation, and though more effective in killing insects it is also more injurious in its effects on household materials.

It should be remembered that substances which disguise bad smells are not necessarily disinfectants, and tha t there ar e very few disinfectants which are not when taken internally.

n. - W HAT TO DISINFECT.

When a case of infectious disease has declared itself in a private house, the first st.e p should be the isolation of t.h e patient in a sick-room which should nO.t be furDlshed WIt h upholstered chairs, carpets, or as thes e articles retain the germs and are dlfficult to dlSlnfect.

The hands of the person caring tor the patient shoul d be frequently scrubbed .with .soap water, the n soaked in carbolic or bichlOride solutlOn. ThiS shoul d invariably be done before meals.

Soiled clothing, towels, bedding, etc., should be put in carbolic acid solution in the sick-room, and should b e soaked in it for several hours.

Food and drink should be carried to tbe sick -room: in small quantities only, as required, and all remains shoul d be burned, and never under any circumstances returned to the household larder. During a typhoid epidemic all mil k and water should be boiled and uncook e d vegetables shoul d be avoided.

Discbarges from mouth, nose, and bowels suffcring from infectious ?Isea.ses sh0l!ld be .1Oto vessels containing carbohc aCId solutlOn or mllk of hm e sufficient to cover them completely, and should be lef standing for at least an hour before being thrown into th f closet. In typhoid fever the urine and int es tinal discharges and in diphtheria, m easles and scarlet fever the discharg es from throat and nose, all carry infection. Th e sputum of consumptives should be rEcelved into cov !! red cups containing carbolic acid solution.

Closets should be fre q uently disinfected with carbol iC acid solution, and kitchen sinks should be flushed on ce daily.

Dishes, knives, forks and spoons used by the patlen t should be kept for his exclusive use, and not removed fro m the room. They should be washed first in carbolic aci d solution, then in boiling soapsuds and finally rinsed in h ot water.

Kooms which hav e been occupied by persons sufferin g from infectious diseases should not again be occupied unt Il they have been fumigated either with formaldp.hyde gas or with sulphur dioxide.

Upholst er y, carpets, curtains, bedding, clothin g, which have been exposed must be removed for fumlgatl? n, either to a public disinfecting chamber or to a room whic h can be heated to 115 degs. Fahr., and from which a ll leakage of gas can be prevented. The articles should be so placed as to allow of free circulation of the gas roun d them, and, if possible, either hung up or spread on lines.

Furs leather and delicate fabrics, which are injured by stearn, ho't air) and other disinfectants, will not be injure d or discoloured by formaldehyde gas.

April, 1924. -FIRST

Books cannot be satisfactorily disinfected except in special chambers where sufficient volume of gas and the requisite temperature can be obtained. They should therefore be burnt or sent for special disinfection.

Time is a very important element in disinfection; very few chemical disinfectants act instantly. It is not enough simply to dip the hands in and out of a bichloride solution, to rinse fahrics in carbolic acid solution or to pour formalin over freces. It takes time for the disinfectant to penetrate a nd to destroy the life of the germs.

Lastly, whenever in doubt it is a safe rule to consult the doctor. He is as much interested in keeping other members of the family well as in curing the one who is sick.

Death of Mr. W. Rea=Edwards.

IT is with deep regret tbat we have to record the death of Mr. William who died on the 13th March. He was for many years intimately associated with the work of the Order and its Ambulance Department at its Headquarters at St. John ' s Gate, Clerkenwell. An Associate of the Institute of Chartered Accountants, he was appointed

service and was appointed a member of Chapter-General and of the Ambulance Committee, and was a Knight of Grace of the Order of St. John.

"Altruism Still Lives."

By A STA FF O FFICER.

AMONG other things we are told by pessimists that the war has killed the altruistic spirit of England. Has it or has it not? I say the answer is emphatically" No." It is dormant and only waits for the spark of enthusiasm to kindle it into flame.

My own personal experience is of a county given over tntirely to agriculture and farming work, and what do we find?

We have a veteran ambulance worker as our chief, and one whom we all respect. I refrain (rom giving his name, but he has alluded to himself more than once as "uncle" and even "grandpa," to the cause, and, as a matter of fact he is well ::Jver sixty years of age, and, therefore, quite enti'tled to that distinction. On a thick, foggy and icy cold night, just before Cbristmas, we journey together to a small town distant some twelve miles in bis car for the purpose of insp< cting a modest but valuable unit of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. We find old stalwart mE:mbers of the cause, one over seventy years of age and still a private, standing smartly to attention to salute us. We address them with a few words of cheer and congratulate theGl for turning out on such a night. Many of them hold the coveted long service medal with bar. MallY did yeoman service at horne during those dreadful air raids.

Next week we journty some eighty odd mil e s with snow and ice on tlJe ground to inspect an outlying di.ision and find the same enthusiasm for serving under the banner of St. John of J erusa bm. We stop on our outward journey at towns en route to try and open up fresh ground We are successful in "bagging II one new nursing division and promises of more in the future, arriving home near midnight. Not a bad tffort for a veteran of such ripe years.

Accountant of the Order in 1893, Assistant Secretary in 19 08 and Secretary in 1910, holding the latter appointment until his resignation owing to ill health, in 1922. He took an active part in the publication and revision of the various t ext-books of the St. John Ambulance Association and was joi nt-author with the late Dr. L. M. F. Christian of "Proble ms in First Aid II a book which is read by ambulance competition teams He instituted the Inter-Railway Ambulan ce Competition in 1897 and the Railway Challenge Shield presented by the Order has been competed for annually since that year except during the War. He inve nted the Rea Edwards litter with pneumatic tyres (or th e transport of cases of accident or illness and was responsible for improvements in ambulance material in various other directions. He did a vast amount of work during the South African War in the organisation of the supply and despatch to the seat of war of medical supplies and comforts for the troops and was awarded the South African War Medal of the Order. He was appointed an Officer cf the Order of the British Empire by the King for services in the cause of the sick and wounded during th e la.te War and on his retirement received the thanks of the Chapter-General and the Order's Medal for conspicuous

A few weeks latd we again journey forth in search of n':w recruits in a town situated some twenty-five miles distant, and here we are met by enthusiasts, some qualified and others anxious to join up after we have explained to them our objec! s in fact, we are told definitely that our visit will be rewarded by some sixty odd new mem bers for Tohn.

Every time our veteran is with us he 101ns his car, sometimes driving himself, and every tIme liberally entertaining us at his own personal expensE'. No thanks are offered, no thanks are asked from us, for we are bis staff We are all working for one cause-the alleviation of human suflering-those in pain. Herein lies our reward, for we know of the facts. We have found men and women everywhere who have been willing and anxious to corne forward if only they are approached by altruistic veterans similar to ours.

Altru:sm everywhere! I say again most emphatically; the altruism of old England is only dormant waiting for some kind heart to awaken it; let it be awakened ere it be too late!

The "DECORATORS' & PAINTERS' MAGAZiNE" (IS. monthly) is 1 HE trade paper for all interested.Publishing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C.4.

CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER.

is a new version of the Napier·Bristol Pullman, which flew successfully on the Handley Page Service between London and Paris. It is painted white, with the ordinary Red Cross of the medical service painted on the side. The cabin is 10 ft. 6 in. long,s ft. 5 in. wide and 4 ft. high. It is white enamelled throughout. Large windows are fitted down the entire length each side, affording ample ventilation in hot climates.

***

There IS a large aperture on one side, and through a stretcher can be passed easily and without discom. fort to the patient. Two stretcher cases and four sitting cases can be accommodated with ease, with nurse and doctors. With a loo-h.p. Jupiter engine the machine has a crusing speed of 80 m.p.h., and is remarkably free from any forrn of vibration. It will be used with the Royal Air Force in the East on the completion of its tests.

***

We reproduce in this issue the first of a series of cartoons from the pen of Mr. Dan Godfrey, who has promised to take Bert and Sid through the First Aid Text Book in each monthly issue. Perhaps a little humour will give an added interest and hring a smile into the face of unfortunate First-Aider who may be swatting lip for hiS annual exam.

***

Our contemporary Ilealtil. in its April issue, writes jeeringly about our recent competition on "The Uses of an Umbrella." Our scornful critic evidently does not belong to the splendid company of doctors who do their bp.st to help the lay men and women who want to help the other fellows in times of distress j and he is painfully ignorant of the magnificent ways in which First Aiders cm (and do) improvise applratus in emergencies. It interesting to note that the same compewarm commendation of the Canadian Flrst-Azd Bullettll, the Editor of which urged his readers to work out the uses of other everyday articles.

* *•

The American Red Cross have fitled up a special first aid demonstration car which is to work over all the railways of the country. The car will accommodate about fifty people for lectures, and medical officers accompany it to demonstrate the first aid teaching. At large centres and demonstrations will take place in the open aIr or m w?rkshops, and besides railway employees, police and fire bngade .staffs will be invited to receive instruction. can rapidly be transform.ed into a temporary hospltalm case of emergency, and IS replete with equipment for that purpOSE".

* * *

The Km.g Edward Building Division (General Post Office) held Its annual re-examination in the new ambulance room on .17th. The exammer being Dr. R. F. ThiS has only been in existence for a tIme, but Its members are increasing rapidly. A feature was the number of Boy Messenc{ers to the Cadets. Among those present were DlvlSlonal Supt. Rushmere, Ambulance Officer S. Cohen, Sergeant G. E. Bates, the energetic secretary, and Corporal Evans.

TilE ST. JOliN AMBULANCE QAZETTE.

51. John Am b u lance Br igade Supplemen t.

Appointments, Etc.

MARCH, 1924.

!he Chi f Comm,issioner has sanctioned the following appomtments, promotlOns, transfers and resignations :-

PRINCE OF WALES'S DISTRICT.

Dermondsey and \Valworth Divislon.-Ambulance Officer

Alfred John Birks to be Divisional Supt., 26.3.24

Craig'S Court ursing Division.-Miss Doroth Shepherd, ;\1.13 , Ch.U., to be DIVISional Surgeon, 29.2.24 Nursing Division.-Gertrude Elmes to be Lady DIVISion'll Supt., 103 24

Hospital Saturday Fund Dlvision.-Sergt. William S.

F letcher to be Ambulance Officer, 20 J.':q

Kentish Town Division.-Di\'isional Surgeon A. G. L. Reade resigned, 17.J24

Limehouse DlVlsion. - Ambulance Officer Joseph Fasht to b e Divisional Supt., 3 r. ").24

London Post Office Corps.-Divisional Supt. William

Alfred Rushmere to be Corps Officer, 25.3.24

London Post Office Corps (Mount Pleasant Division)Frederick WIlliam KIng to be Ambulance

ZO· 3· 2 4

Whitehall Nursing Division.-Dorothy Wase to be Lady

A mbulance 0 fficer, lo.3::q NO.2 DISTRICT.

Cheltenham Corps ( Town Division ).-The Rev. 'Wilfred C harles Couch, :'11..\., to be Divisional Supt., 29.3.24

Lymington Nursing Division.- ancy Mulcaster Bromley to be Lady Divisional Supt., 19.3.24

Reading (G.W.R.) Dlvision.-Sergt. Oliver James Cripps t o be Ambulance Officer for Cadets, 5 4.24

Reading Division.-Florence Batt to be Lady Divisional Supt., 12.11.23

Slough Town Division.-Sergt. William Henry Druce to be Ambulance Officer for Cadets, 2.4.24

Southampton Corps (Colmore Nursing Division).-Annie Broomfield to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 19.3 24

NO.3 DISTRICT.

County Surgeon George St. Johnston resigned, 8424

Leicester Officer F. Brise resigned, 2.4.24

Dudley and Dlstnct Corps (Netherton Division).-Corpl. John Taylor to be Ambulance Officer, 8.3.24

North Leicestershire Corps (Ashby-de-la-Zouch Division).

-Robert)ames Bonis, L.R.C P.&S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 21.324, vice Dr. F. Slegog reSigned.

North. Worcestershire Corps.-William Lewis to be Corps Sergt.-MaJor, 27.3.24

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Barrow-in-Furness Division.-Sergt. John Horner to be 1\mbulance Officer, 11.3.24

Brierfield Division.-Arthur Barlow, M. B., Ch.n., to be Divisional Surgeon, 11.3.24

Heywood Division.- S e rgt. Jeremiah Diggl e to be Ambulance Offic e r, 5-4.24

Liverpool Corps (South Division).-Ambulance Officer A. Hopewell reverted to Private at own request, 8.4.24

Manchester and Salfold Corps (North Manchester Nursing Division).-Mary Alice Williams to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 27.3.24

Preston Corps.-Corps Supt. R. H. Hadfield resigned, '28.3 2 4

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Dewsbury and District Corps ( Dewsbury Division).Staff Sergeant George l\Iarshall to be Ambulance Officer, 29· ).24

Goole Division.-Staff Sergeant George Henry \\'ood to be Ambulance Officer, 2.4.24

Lincoln Corps (Lincoln Nursing Division \. - Gladys Evelyn Swallow to be Lady Ambulance Officer for Cadets, I I.3.24

New Hucknell Collieries Corps ( Welbeck Colliery Division).- Norman James Muschamp to be Divisional Supt.,

Penistone Division.- John Colley Pound en Beatty, M. B., B.Ch., D.P.H., to be Divisional Surgeon, 3 3 24

Pontefract Corps (Hemsworth and District Division ).Wilfred W. Finn to be Divisional Supt., 29 324

Scunthorpe Nursing Division. - Carol IDe Hannah Vasey to be Lady Divisional Supt., 20.3 24

Lady Ambulance Officer Freda Caroline Vasey to be Nursing Officer, 20.3.24

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Bolden Colliery Division.-William Holliday to be Ambulance Officer, 15.3.'24

Hull Corps.-Divisional Surgeon E. Harrison transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 23 324

Hull Corps ( De La Pole Nursing Division).- Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Napier resisned, 28.3:24

Hull Corps (Western N!.1rsing Division ).- -Lady Supt.Mrs. Gray resigned, 204-24

Hornsea Nursing Division.-Lady Supt. Miss Lyon resigned, 5.2.24

Newcastle·on-Tyne Corps (City Division).-Ambulance Officer George Foster to be Divisional Supt., 27.3.24, vice Dr. Laverick resigned Superintendentship.

Hull Corps (Western Nursing Division).-Divisional Surgeon A. Hobbs resigned, 17.3.24 North Durham Corps (Gateshead Police Division).Richard Ogle to be Divisional Supt., 5 4.24 James Forsyth to be Am bulance Officer, 5-4.24

NO.8 DISTRICT.

Brighton and Hove Corps (Brighton Division).Ambulance Officer Edwin Arthur Wallis to be Divisional Supt., 24.3024

Canterbury Division.-Charl e s Thomas Richardson to be Divisional Supt., 1.4.24

Dover Division.-Sergt. George Gore to be Transport Officer, 18.3.24

Hastings Nursing Division.-Ethel Winifred Lee, M. B Ch.D., to be Lady Divisional Surgeon, 3.3.23: vice 9r. Hessey resigned.

Borough of Reigate Corps (Rei gate Division).-Basi P e dward No r ma n to be Ambulanc e Officer, 13.3.24

A new flying ambulance built for the Royal Air Force Medical Service has just been completed by the Bristol Aeroplane Co.\ Ltd., at Filton, near Bristol. The ma c hine

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Ford Nursing Division.- The following officers are tr an sferred from the Devonport Nursing Division with effe ct from 11.3 24 :-Divisional Surgeon C. L. Lander, D.S.O., M C., M.B., D.S.; Lady Supt. A. Carder; Nursing Officer E. A. Bayley; Lady Ambulance Officer (Cadets), H. St e p h e n s; Rosina Balsdon to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 10.3.24

Devonport Division.-Francis Pius Lauder, L.R.C.P. and S.P.D. H., to be Divisional Surgeon, 8.324

Borough of Plymouth Corps.-Lady Corps Offic e r M. Dumble reverts to Lady Divisional Supt. at own r e quest and is transferred to the Devonport Nursing Division with effe ct from 14.3.24

Torpoint Division.-Charles Ernest Pidgen to be Ambulance Officer (Cadets), 21.3.24

NEW DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :-

No. DISTRICT.

Metropolitan Railway Division.·-Sanctioned, 31.3.24

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Slough Town Cadet Division.- Sanctioned, 25.3.24

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Chance Bros. Divlsion.-Disbanded: 17.3.24

No. 5 DISTRICT.

Keady and Althorpe D ivision .-San ctio ned, 24.3.24

Bullcroft Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 28.3.24

No. 9 DISTRICT.

Perranwell Division.-Sanctioned, 25.3.24

DEATHS.

Ambulance Officer Sandall, No. 38 (Vic toria) Division, P. WILKI::\SON (Major -General), Acting Chief Commissioner.

A Visit to Plymouth.

By TH E EDITOR.

(Continued from page I73.)

TH!l: sub-ambulance stations are at Devonport, Stonehouse and Torpoint, the latter being across the river T a mar, each is provided with a motor ambulance, and each station is so situated as to cover the whole area of Plymouth and its suburbs. A great deal of thought was expen d e d in finding the sites so as to effectively arrange this. The stations are of course on a smaller scale to the central depot, but they are well equipped and provided with men's sleeping quarters, and there is always someone on duty ready to deal with any emergency. At Saltash there is a joinL St. John and Red Cross Nurses' station, from which ambnlance sisters are called out for emergencies and to accompany female cases in the ambulances.

The social side of the Plymouth organisation is not in any way neglected, and it was my pleasure to atten d a social and presentation of the Devonport Division and a whist drive at the Ambulance Workers Institute, an d at both of these gatherings one was surprised at the unity and friendly spirit which existed. It is this which has been the means of making the Plymouth Ambulance S ervice what it is, and und e r the cartful guidance of Mr. Miller it is of the utmost benefit to th e town,

T he Ac ting Chief Commissioner, S.J.A.B.

MAJOR-GENERAL SIR PERCY WILKINSON, who is tempora r ily a ct ing as Chief Commi s sioner in place of Sir James Cla r k who retired from that position on Dec. 21st, has had a most interesting and varied career. Afte r leaving Uppingham School in 1883, he joined the 3rd Batt. Northum berland Fusiliers (Militia), and was gazetted to the 2nd Batt. in 1886, and with this regiment he served in India and Si n gapore. During the Ashanti War he commanded the Gold Coast R e giment, and for his services he was promoted Lieut.-Col., and received the Ashanti Medal and Clasp, and \Vest African Medal and Clasp.

After this period abroad, he returned home and again took up his duties at Aldershot and Dover as second in command of 3rd Batt. of the Northumb e rland Fusiliers

April, 1 9 24 -FIRST

St. John J\mb ul anc e J\ s sociation .

MEDWAY BRANCH

On March 20th a large and representative meeting of prominent citizens and representatives of various public bodies and other organisations was held in the Council Chamber, Town Hall, Chatham, by kind invitation of the Mayor of Chatham, Ald. E. A. Billioghurst. The meeting was to have been held in the Mayor's Parlour, but proved too large.

The chair was occupied by the Earl of Darnlev. who was supported by the Bishop of Rochester, Surgeon Rear Admiral C. Marsh Beadnell, the Mayors of Chatham and Gillingham) the D eputy Mayor of Chatham (Ald. H. F. Why man), Dr. J. Holroyd (Medical Officer of Health, C hatham), and Rev. G Anderson.

In his opening remarks, V)[d Darnley emphasised the great benefit to be derived from a knowledge of First Aid, knowledge which he conSIder e d a ll ought to possess. He then spoke of the splendid work of the Associa!jon, especiall y during the period of the late war, in co-operation with the British Red Crms Society. He hoped that the highest success would crown the work of the Br anc h which it was ho ped to form in th e Medway towns that evening.

Mr. J E. Hodgon, Hon Serving Brother of the Order, then delivered a short lecture, in which he told of the efforts of the Provisional Committee which had worked to form a ura nch in the Medway towns, and congratulated the Provisional Secretary upon the successful meeting which had resulted. Speaking of the work of the Brigade, J\1r. Hodgso n reminded his hfarers of the great financial struggles which the vario us divisions had to contend. It was hoped tha t the branch would be ab le to assist the local divisions -there three-both financially and by recruiting. The branch would organise classes of icstruction which the y hoped to subsidise to such an extent that they need cha ,ge the students but a nominal fee. Past experience had proved that the high fee s which it h a d been necessary to charge to cover expenses had militated lar ge ly against the success of these classes. They hoped, also, to be able to provide on loan, either gra ti5 or for a nominal hire, medical and surgical comforts and appliances in necessitous case s. It was Vtry gratifying, he said, to see thp support which they had rec e ived from the medical and nursing professions in the district.

AI D.-

M.C., M.P., and Mrs. Moore-Brabazon, Ald. E. A. Billinghurst (Mayor of Chatham;; Ald. J. Knight (Mayor of Gillingham), Geo_ Bryans, and Mark Chambers, Esq. (Chairman of Rainham Parish Council), and it is gratifying to know that all have since signified their pleasure in accepting these invitations.

The following officers were also elected: -Chairman, the Mayor of Chatham; Vice-Chairman, Mr. J. E. Hodgson; Hon. Treasurer, Mr. E. H. Penman (manager of the Chatham Branch, Westminster Bank); Financial Secretary, Mrs. J. N ankivell; Hon. Secretary, Mr. Fredk. C. Reeve, Junr.; five members from each of the corpOlate towns of Chatham, Rochester and Gillingham, and t.vo from Rainharn.

A vote of thanks to the chairman and supporters brough to end a most successful meeting.

Our Essay Competition (2).

OWIN G to the large number of e ntries in this competition. the Judges will not be able to make their awards until our nt xt issue.

Reviews.

MEDICAL HISTORY OF THE WAR (VO L. 11. ).

By l\Iajor-General Sir "V. G. Macpherson. London: H.M. Stationery Office. Price 2IS net.

In 1909 he was appointed Inspector of .the General Wes t African Frontier Force and travelled over all parts of Africa. He then proceeded to India to command th e 1st Infantry Brigade, and for his distinguished servic e received the C.B. and C.M.G.

During thp Great War he commanded the Canadian troop, at Folkestone in 1915, and from then onwards to the conclusion of thE: Armistice, was in command of th e 50th Northumberland Division T.F. in France and Flanders, and for his services he received the K.C.M.G. and th e Order of the Crown of Italy.

Major-General Sir Percival Wilkinson is a born organizer, and we feel sure the Brigade unde r his able leadership is bound to make a forward move.

When corresponding with Ad v e r tisers please menti on •• Plr st Ald ."

Supt. Hawksworth, of th e Southern Railway Division, th en proposed, and Mr. Fredk. C. Reeves, J unr. , ProSecretary, seconded, "That a branch of the Association be formed in the Medway towns, comprising the three corporate boroughs of Chatham, Rochester and Gillingham, and the town of Rainham ." This was carried unanimously.

The Earl of Damley, upon the proposition of the Mayor of Chatham, seconded by the Mayor of Gillingham, was then unanimously elected President.

In accepting this office, Lord DarnJey said that he had always been keenly interested in ambulance work, and anything which he could do to a5sist the branch he would be most happy to do.

It was then decided to invite the following to become Vice-Presidents :-The Bishop of Rochester, the D e an of Rochester, Sir Gerald F. Hohler, K.C., M.P., Rear Admiral P. Royde (Admiral Superintendent of Chatham Dockyard), Rear Admiral C. Marsh Beadnall (R.N. Hospital, Chatham), Lieut.-Col. J. T. C. Moore-Brabazon,

This volume of the History of the Great War' deals with the medical services on the Western Front and during- the operations in France and Belgium in 1914 a nd 1915, and is lavishly illustrated with plates, photographs and maps. It is most interesting in its subject matter. Thus, the earlier chapters deal with the organ iza t ion of the F ield Ambulance Service and the means of getting the wounded from Advanced Dressing Stations to :he various allotted posts, a section of the book which will appeal to First-Aiders, and to otbers whose duties require solutions of problems of organization. The latter chapters deal with the various battles which were fought in this period of the war-N euve Chapelle, Ypres, Laos, &c

Members of the Order of St. J obn will have already read the joint report issued in April, 1918 by the B. R.C.S. and O.S-J. on the work of V.A. Detachments in running the Motor Ambulance Fleet. To such, therefore, much of this section will be already known. To the ordinary members of the public the section which begins with Chapter I X. will prove most fascinating, since it not only gives a good idea of conditions during the advance to and retreat from Mons and the later advance to the Aisne, but it also sets out the enormous difficulties under which the R.A .l\I.C. worked in their care, collection and removal of wounded.

Sanitarians will learn in the perusal of this volume and appreciate the tremendous responsibilities which rest the Sanitary as their in _ the conduct of a big war; and a pomt worthy of note IS that It was not until after this "Var started that it was realised to the full how essential it is for san itary arrangements to be completed before ( and not after ), troops arrive at concentration camps.

When corresponding with Advertisers pleas e mention "First Aid ,.

April, 1924

PRIORY FOR

Brigade News.

APPOINTMENTS, MARCH, 1924.

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Ambulan c e Committee :-

GLAMORGANSHIRE CENTRK

Ccerphilly and District Corps.-Corporal Robert John Carter to be Corps Secretory, 24.3.24

Pontyc!un Corps-Corps Surgeon Samuel Archbold Tucker, L.R.C.S. & P.L, L.M., to be Corps Supt., 24.3.24; Ambulance Officer Arthur Davies to be Corps Secretary, 24.3.24; Ambulance Officer 'William Morgan Thomas to be Corps Treasurer, 24.}24

Pontypridd Corps.-Divisional Supt. Richard Hewer to be Corps Secretary, 24.3.24

Glyncorrwg Division.-Ambulance Officer Arthur Henry Jones to be Divisional Supt., :q.3.::Q

Kenfig Hill Division.-Ambulance Officer Lewis J ones to be Divisional Supt., 24.3 .24

lVlONl\fQUTHSHIRE CENTRE.

Griffithstown Division.-Sergeant Harold Torn Dennis to be Divisional Supt. (Pr ob ationary), 24,3.24

Mountain Ash Nursing Division. -Ambulance Sister Florence Davies to be Lady Divisional Supt. (Probationary), 24.3. 24

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Commissioner for Wales :-

GLi\l\IORGANSHIRE CENTRE.

Corps Secretary Morgan Weeks to be Staff Officer, 24.3. 24

Ffaldau Institute and Garw Divis ion.-S crgeant Ebenezer George Howells to be Divisional Secretary, 24.3.24

Kenfig Hill Division.-Sergeant William Rowland Evans to be Ambulance Officer, 24 3 2-J.; Sergeant Evan Hopkins to be Corporal, 2-J.·3.24; Private David Thomas Jenkins to be Corporal, 24.3 24; Private William Glanffrwyd Evans to be Corporal, 24.3.24

MONMOUTHSHlRE CENTRE.

Griffithstown Division.-Private - Gilbert James to be Sergeant, 12.3.24 -

BOROUGH OF RHONDDA CENTRE.

Tynybedw and Pentre Division. -Priva te John Howells to be Corporal, 10.3.24

A EERDARE C ENTRK

Mountain Ash Nursing Division. -Amb ulance Sister Gwladys Owen to be Lady Ambulance Officer (Pr obationary).

13.3.24 ; Ambulance Sister Mona Blanche Lovell to be Lady Divisional Secretary, 13.3.24

General Interest.

A MBULAN CE DEPARTMENT.

During the month of March examinations have been conducted in connection with the foliowing Classes.; Peny-

WALES.

groes Female, Penygroes Male, Castell Rhingyll, Llanddaro g, Mynydd y Cerrig, Rhos, Cwmtwrch, Neyland Great Western Railway, Ammanford, Pontardawe, Cwm Colliery Male, Bridgend Great Western Railway, Welsh pool Great Western Railway, Nantymoel, Llandudno, Brymbo, Great Western Railway, Llandebie, Cross Hands, Llanuwchllyn, Brodringallt, Ton Pentre Male, Llanelly (Junior), Ystradowen, Crynant, Machynlleth Great Western Railway, Denio· leo, Caersws Great W e stern Railway, Llanwynypia Nursmg Female, Briton Ferry Great Western Railway, KilgeLty Great Western Railway, Rhyl London, Midland and Scottish Railway, Summerhill Wrexham, Newbridge Great Western Railway, Ogmore Vale, Tonypandy Police, Tydraw, Cwmparc, Ystradgynlais, Ftrndale Male, Ferndale Female, Ystalyfera, Penrhos, Newport (Doc k Street) Great Western Railway, Builth Road London, Midland and Scottish Railway, Trawsfynydd Great Western Railway, 1\ fonwen Great Western Railway, Buckley, Glyndyfrdwy, Ystrad Mynach Great Western Railway, Brynmawr London, Midland and Scottish Railway, Cardiff Great Western Railway, Duffryn Aman, Barry Dock Great Western Railway, Dowlais, Ton Pentre Female, Carmarlhen Great Western Ra il way, Haverfordwest Great Western Railway, Barry Dock, Hengoed Grea t Western Railway, Abersychan Great Western Railway, Llwynypi a First .\i d Female, Hirwain Great \Vestern Railway, Tylorstown, Pontllanfraith Great W est-: rn Railway, Cardiff (West Yar d ) Great Western Railway, Gilfach, Bargoed, Ca rmar then Loco Great Western Railway, Llandovery London, Midland ar,d Scottish Railway, Swansea Docks Great Western Railway, Pwllheli Great Western Rail.vay, Pontycymer Great Western Railway, Wrexham, Barry Dock Great Western Railway, Blaina, Ca rdiff R. R. S ect ion Great Western Railw ay , Milford Haven Gr £:'at Western Railway, Cross Hands (Junior), Waunarlwydd Male, Waunarlwydd Female, Talyllyn Great Western Railway, Cor wen Great Western Railway , Tonypandy and Great Western Railway, and re-examinations have been held at Aberdovey, Barry Dock and Rhos.

"

L LAN DINAM" SHIELD CO\]PETITlO!'ol'S.

The Competition for the II Llandinam " Shield will be held in the Territorial Drill Hall, Newport Road, Cardiff on Saturday, May 3rd, 1924, at 2 30 p. m. It is hoped Major David Davies, M.P., the donor of the Shield will be able to present it to the winning team. Each Centre in Wales is able to enter a team, and this generally means the holding of preliminary competitions as there are a large number wishful to compete.

The successful team will represent the Priory at the Competition for the "Dewar" Challenge Shield and Symons Eccles" Cup in London, on May 23rd next.

In 192 [, Abertillery won the" Dewar" Shield, and enthusiastic teams are again steadily at work in preparation for their opportunity of bringing the coveted trophy to Wales.

A Nursing Competition of Teams representing their

-FIRST

respective Centres is also to be held on May 3rd at the same place and time and the winning team will represent Wales in the contest for the" Perrott" Cup in London, on May 23rd.

G.W.R. AMBULANCE COMPETITION.

It is very gratifying to know that out of thirty-four tea ms which competed in the Great Western Railway Co mpetitions held at Bristol and Birmiogham the Newport Alex andra Docks, Newport Dock Street and Barry Dock am bulance teams sec ured first, second and third places with 16 7}, IS7 ,:}, and 156 marks respectively.

The Barry Dock is a beginnel's team and being the le ading team in this class it has won the" Henry Butt" bo wl for 1924

This result speaks highly of the efficiency of Welsh te ams and it is hoped success will again attend them in the com p etition for the Director's shield.

AID.-

" Ladies 'I Cup. - r, Llanelly No. I: 2, Llanelly NO.2. " Studt" Shield.-(Confined to teams who have not heen previously successful in any competition) I, Cross Hands NO.2: 2, Llanelly Ladies No.2

Cadet Llanelly Girls No. I. Cadet BOYS.-I, Llanelly Boys No. I.

In the individual ambulance and nursing contests Miss Evelyn Harries, Llanelly, and Mr. Cliff Evans, Cross Hands were successful.

Lady Herbert Lewis presented the prizes to the winning teams, and heartily congratulated them on their success. She thought great credit was due to Commissioner Colonel E. Evans, D., and to Sub Commissioner E. D. Jones for the progress made. During the year three new Ambulance, two Nursing and one Cadet Divisions were formed. Lady L e wis remarked that Carmarthenshire was especially fortunate in having the Rt. Hon. Lord Kylsant, G.C.M.G., who is Sub-Pri o r of the

I'lloto by] [U -ulenz iJfail, Ltd. Members of the Chapter and Grand Committee of the Priory for Wales at the St. David s Da y Proceeding, at Cardiff, on March 1St.

Centre Reports.

CARMARTHENSHlRE CENTRE.

Keen interest was taken in the Annual Ambulance and Nu rsing Competitions of the Carmarthenshire Centre held at the Drill Hall, Ammanford, on Saturday, 20th March.

Among those present were Colonel W. N. and Mrs. Jone s, Lady Lewis, O. B. E., Colonel E. Evans, M. D. (C ommissioner), Dr. Phillips, Ammanford, Dr. Lewis, A mmanford. A letter regretting inability to attend was rea d from Lady Kylsant.

The judges, Dr. Fvans, Pontardawe, Dr. Isaac, Po ntardulais, Dr. Mackintosh, Llanelly, Dr. Owen Lewis, Llan debie, made the following awards :-

II Lady Kylsant" Shield.-J, Llanelly G.W.R.: 2, Cr oss Hands NO.2: 3, Cross Hands No. I. It is interesting to note this team was the first winner of this trophy las t year.

Priory, as its President, and also in the active interest of Lady KyJslnt.

The winners of the "Lady Kylsant" Shield (Llanelly G. W.R. team) will represent the County in the "Llandinan" Shield Competition, to be held in Cardiff on May 23rd, and the Llanelly No. Nursing team will compete at the Competition for nurses to be held in Cardiff on the same day.

BOROUGH OF RHONDDA CENTRE.

Nearly one hundred and fifty members of the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions of the Rhondda Valleys were present on Saturday last at a Social evening organised by the officers of the Borough of Rhondda Centre, and a very :!njoyable evening was spent Captain T. E. Richards, the Ctntre Commissioner, was unable to be present, and was deputised by Miss G. Richards.

The Commissioner for Wales, Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K.B.E., responded to the toast of the Priory for

-FIRST AID.-

Wales and spoke of its present activities. He was pleased to meet so many of his old friends who had so loyally stood by him for the past twenty years, and congratulated them all on the numbers present.

Corps Surgeon Dr. E. J. Morris gave the toast of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. The Borough of Rhondda Centre was propos ed by Staff Officer H. H. Davies on behalf of the Commissiomr, and Staff Officer George Payne responded. The toast of the Host and Artistes were proposed by Corps. Supt. W. E Abraham on behalf of the Commissioner, and Hsponded to by Lieut. R. L. Lewis .

A presentation was made by Staff Surgeon M. C. O. Hurley to the late C o rps Supt. of the Rhondda Fach Corps, Mr. John ,V . Davison, M.B.E. A high tribute was paid to his valuable assistance to the work of the Brigade in the Rhondda.

BOROU GH OF NEWPORT CENTRE

On the occasion of the visit of H.R.H. the Duk e of York to Newport on Saturday, March 8th, a lar ge number of members of the Newport (Mon.) Corps paraded for public duty, in charge of Corps Supt. G. J. Rowlands, who made all the arrang eme nts Men were stationed at various points on the route where crowds we re likely to congregate, the railway station approach, Cenotaph, Town Hall, Transporter Bridge, Docks, etc.

Fortunately, owing to the favourable weather and the exc elle nt police arrangem e nts, the services of the am bulance men were little needed.

The St. John Ambulance Cadets attached to th e NewpClrt Corps paraded under their officer, Ambulance Offic er H. Howell, at th e station approach, with other Junior Organisations , for inspection by His Royal Highness. The Cadets did credit to the Corps by smart and clean appearance.

After their impection they were attached to the various squads of ambulance men for public duty.

Corps Supt. G. J. Rowlands received a letttr of appreciation fr om the Chief Constable, C aptai n Charles E. Gower, on the efficiency of the am bulanc e a rr a ngements.

News in Brief.

ON Saturday, March 8th, Mrs. Bruce Jones performed the opening ceremony of the Abercynon Medical Comforts Depot which has bee n set up and equipped by the Abercynon ambulance and nursing divisions. Thanks to the kindness of Mr. Bruce-J on e s it is started free of debt and the premises are loaned by the Abercynon Workmen's Hall Committee, and the light supplied free. The Commissioner of the Aberdar e Centre- ) Dr. R. Baird Milne, is keenly interested in this branch of the work and the auspicious circulDstances under which th e Depot was opened are a credit to his enthusiasm and influence. The Commissioner (or Wales thanked Mr. and Mrs. Jones on behalf of the Priory for their generosity, and the Committt:e of the Hail for their Eplendid support. The people of Abercynon must be grateful for wh at had be en done for them through Staff Officer Evans, and the offi .:e rs and members of the divis· ons Tea was provided ov the nursing divisions.

The Rev. Archdeacon D. L. Prosser, Pembroke D.)ck, is giving a lantern lecture on the History of the

Order and its present-day activities on April loth. Some very interesting slides have been prepared, and it will no doubt be a great pleasure to those living near the old Slebech Comrnandery to know something of its ancient associations.

A large number of guests are expected to be at th e Priory Dinner Ball in the City Hall, Cardiff, on Easter Tuesday. Many house parties have been arranged for the Easter Races, and it is hoped that hosts will bring th e ir friends to dine at the ball on that evening. Tickets may be obtained from Capt. T. H. P. Brain, The Olrl Brewery, St. Mary-street, Cardiff.

It is understood that the competing teams in th e comp ;;: titions for the "Dewar" Challenge Shield and "Symon Eccles" C up will afterwards be ent er tained to supper at St. John s Gate. This decision has given universal satisfaction, and many are looking forward with pleasure to seein g the ancient headquarters of the gre at order to which they bel o ng.

We hope shortly to m ee t the many requests made fo r a special Priory edition of " First Aid t o th e Injured" an d " A Preliminary Course of First Aid to the Injured."

On Friday, March 2 1st, the fUlleral of the late Dr J. F. McQueen, Divisional Surgeon of the Colliery Division, took place at Cwm, Monmouthshlre. Th e mem bers of the Marine Colliery division attended and pa id a last tribute to their re spected c.fficer, whose death is sincerely by all who knew him.

.i\mbulance the j\l ews euttings fro

Tile Editor invites readt1 s to suzd tuwspafer cuttings on mailers of genera interest for inclusion in this column.

KI LLED BY MILL SAlT.

Two boys looking out of a window at a Boston windmi ll saw a man lying on the staging below. He wa') found to be one of the mill hands. H is skull wa s fractured and he died in hospital. It is supposed that the man's head was struck by the mill sail.-E'i1eni ne- tandn-rd.

RESCUE BY CHAKCE.

A nine-years-old boy, who fell into 20 feet of water in a canal lock, was saved by a strange chance.

The lock-keeper, seeing two gi rls running up the path , was under the i mpression that they were going into his garden ; and on going outside to watch them he saw ai: coming up by the lock walL Lying flat he thrust hiS hand In the water and felt something. Reaching a little farther, he grabbed what he thought was a dng, but proved to be th e unconscious boy.-Evenz"ng News

DEAT H BY CHANCE.

An Q\'ersight is believed to be responsible for the death of a domestic servant) about 18, employed at Bournemouth. She slept in the kitchen, where there was a gas boiler and stove, and she was found dead with the gas tap under the boiler turned on. It is thought that she turned on the and) forgetting she had not lighted it, lay down again to walt for the water to get warm, fell asleep and was snffocated. A parrot in the same room was alive) apparently none the worse for the escape of gas.-Da£ty Mazl

A Camp Hospital.

By LIEUT. -C OL. H G G. MACKENZIE, M D, R.A.M.C, T. Rcst:rvc::.

By kind permission of the Editor I am able to call attention to an opportunity which may appeal to so:ne members of th e St. John Ambulance Brigade who wish to avail themse lves of practical work in a small camp hospital.

The Pu blic Secondary Sch ools Cadd Association organises an annual camp, which in 1924 will be held on Oliver's B.ittery, near W1Oche,ter, during the two weeks from Friday, July 25th to Friday, August 8th. A total ra tion strangth of 1,000 to 1,200 is expected; and the business of the medical staff is to look after the health of all ranks dUrIng the period of camp.

The Hospital Staff is essentially a voluntary organisatio n ; and will, I think, only appeal to men who appreciate camp life and regard a little regular work ( of a kind in which they take some interest every morning) as making a ho liday all the more enjoyable. But as the result of ext remely good ma nagement, it is also a very imxpensive ho liday. M embe rs of the hospital staff pay the same camp ch ar gas as the cadets, i.e., £ ( for one week, 355. for two wee ks. This includes everything except rail fares on which we hope to get some reduction.

The usual arrangements are as follows :-

(1) E'uly morning tea is to be had from 6 33 to 7. This is an ancient and, I believe, popular institution in the hos pital lines.

(2) The staff is muster e d at 7 a.m , and, like the king s of Barataria, " Proceed without delay, To the duties of the day. "

i.e. , some ge t the dr e ssing tent and its contents into a state of such txcellence as is attainable, some are employed in the in -patient marquee, others get water, and so on. By 7 45 everything should be for use and the staff tents 10 day order.

(3) Breakfa't is at 8

(4) M o rning Sic k Pdrade takes place at 9. At this the Dr es sers do the needful in the ordinary cases while the Dispe nsers give out instruments and appliances, the Clerks e nter up the A and D book and the hospital cards, and the Wa rd masters ta kes charge of any pati en ts whom it seems advi sable to detain for a few hours. As a rule Sick Pa rade does not last much more than an hour. And here let me say that, although most of the cases treated are quite triv ial, th ere is plenty of to be gained in the appli cation of dressing'), in making up a ntiseptic solutions, oin tments, or throat sprays, in elementary nursing, and, in fac t, all those matters to which the study of First-Aid and Ho me ·N ursing instruction is designed to lead.

(5) When sick parade is o\"er and everything has been was hed up or sterili ze d ard put away, everyone is free for the re-st of the day, exce pt that,

(i) Each membf r of the staff t a kes his turn on duty in the slack tim e once during camp.

(ii Half the staff (" A" or "B" Section) reports every alternate evening at 9 p. m. for a short eve ning sick parade. And, of course, if any member of th e section not on duty likes to come, I am very glad to have him.

(6) Night calls are very rare. Last year we did not have one ; and obviously we cannot have a regular night sta ff. So two orderlies sleep in the dressing-tent, and one or two in the 1. P. marquee. Theoretically, if they are

AI D.-

called up in the night, th eir places ar e taken on the follo wing night by other orderlies.

That is, put shortly, what is wanted. I am anxious this year to have a hospital staff of 16 men, and about 4 to 8 boys. I think there will be no difficulty in getting the boys. With regard to men, I feel p-actically ct::Ttain (accidents apart) of several good men. Some 0thers have " ex pressed themselves favourably ;" but I never find it easy to be sure how far such expressions will ultimately be translated into action. Hence I can truly say that offen of service will be gratefully received, and, unless th e y are so numerous as to make it impossible to entertain them all) as gratefully accepted. I shall, of course, be delighted to answer any addressed to m e at 29, Fil z· j tmes Av;;nue, W e st London, W 14

The Editor invites Notes (In actual Cases- with speciat reference to ,(ood and bad {Joints in 1 reatment-for inclusion in this Column.

USES OF RE SOuRCEFULNESS.

Roused by the barking of a do g, an elderly widow found herself imprisoned in her room by fiT e. Fortunately a resourceful neighbour provided a way of es ca pe by pla ci ng his wife's ironing board between the windows of the two houses; and across this narrow bridge the widow and her ten-year-old grandson escaped.-M.R.-Cannon -street.

USES O F D rSCRDIINATION.

A motor-cyclist not long ago n;J.rrowly es caped strangulation when his scarf became entanRled in the chalO of h is cyde and gradually drew his head downward. A passer-by, acting with promptness and discrimination, dashed into the r<l:n beside the zig-z aRging motor·cycle and cut the scarf WIth hIS penknife. The cyclist, whose face had turned black, was unconscious for an hour. - L.R.-Charlton Park.

USES OF D EXTERITY.

Recently a case of attempted murder was r eported in Colombo and a police inspector was despatched at once. On arrival he found a woman lyin g in a pool of blood and water, out in ;J. heavy rainstorm. She was unconscious and had received an incised wound o f the chest wall, and a wound seven inches long across the abdomen Her intestines were protruding and resting on the ground.

Those round her had given patient up as dead and asked the police inspector to leave her alone as she was breathing her last. He, however, with the assistance of a constable, replaced the intestines, bandaged up both wounds and administered a stimul a ting drink. He then instructed the carpenter on the estate to improvise a stretcher out of pieces of wood and o- unny bag;; and sent for a motor lorry. By this means he had his patient removed to hospital where she is now making a good recovery. I n brief, the action of a dextrous and resourceful First-Aider is responsible for the saving of yet one more life. ·-H. L.D.-Colombo.

The Cape Colony ( Cape Town) Centre S J.A A., is the oldEst Centre in South Africa, having been established in 1891, that is, three years aft e r the grant of Incorporation under Royal Charter to the foundation in England.

,-FIRST

AID. 235

fettets to the t;ciitOt.

We are tn no way resp(lnsible /01' tile opinions expressev., Dr til e statements made, b-, Conespondents.-EDITOR.

AN AMBULANCE LEAGUE.

SIR,"G. J." and Supt. Fox's letters re an Ambulance prompt me to describe the Ambulance League run by the Nottingham Corps. We started an Ambulance League 18 months ago on Football League lines, this is our second season, and has proved such a success, that hope it wiIl.always be continued.

A team of S men represents each Division entering the League. Members comprising the team can be changed as often as the Division desire-and meets a team from every other Division in the League. Last year we had Home and Away matches on Sunday mornings, as however there were 10 teams competing it was felt this interfered too much with the ordinary Sunday morning classes and work, so this year teams only meet once on alternate Sundays at Central Headquarters. The Ambulance officers of the Divisions in the League form the League Committee and arrange the fixture list and Superintendents act as Judges. The lists, with marking sheet complete, are prepared by the Corp,; Surgeon and placed in a sealed envelope. Neutral Superintendents act as Judges. All matches taking place at the same time- 1 I a.ITl. Sunday. The envelope is opened by the Judge in the presence of both teams, and the competition marked according to the sheet. At the close the marking sheet is placed in an envelope, without the marks being added up, in the presence of both teams, sealed and posted same day to the League Secretary. The League Committee open the envelopes at the meeting on the following Tuesday, add up the marks and the result is published in the Local Football Pust on the following Saturday.

The work of the Corps has been greatly inspired by these League matches and it has added an interest to the ordinary weekly work that did not exist before. I WIll be glad to send a copy of the- League Rules to any officer desiring them.

Yours faithfully,

H. W. SPEIGHT, 96 Mansfield Rd., Corps Surgeon and Supt. Nottingham.

A MEDAL FOR HOME SERVICE DURING THE WAR.

SIR,-Could you inform me what are the intentions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade authorities as to the recognilion of those members of the Prince of Wales Corps (London), 44th division, who joined up and Millbank on August 7th, 1914 for duty during the War? As one of that number (12 years' previous service), I have not received any token or medal of any kind, although I served for four years and was medically examined six times for service overseas, but was told at that time I had important duty at home hospitals. Seeing that I was promoted to Acting Sergt.-Major, I contend that some sort of souve.nir should be given to those members who enlisted at the first, and as the R.A.M.C. was always on duty at home and abroad, doing essential and necessary work for the army, I maintain they were always on active service. Even if the Government did not see their way to give them some sort of medal, surely the St. John Ambulance Brigade could have given them some token for services rendered like they did to those of the members of the Brigade who dz'd not volunteer, but stayed at home. But nothing in any shape has been given to those members who answered the call of duty at the first in August, 1914. Why is this, sir?

What I want to know is, if any notice has been taken of the services of those members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade who joined up at the first, either by the Government

or the St. John Ambulance Association? Those fools 7.vlw did volunteer and served years of war service have got nothing to show for it. Comment is needless, and the next war I shall wait till the last and get all the cream as the majorilY did in the last Great "Var. -Yours faithfully, G. S. L.

[Every effort has been made the S.J.A:B. authorities to induce the Government to recognIse the servIces of those who served at home, but without success. '\There are the funds coming from if the Brigade authorities were to give a decoration J.

and J\nswet's to eot't'espondents.

:Juerles will be dealt wit" .",der t"e jollowing rNleI ;-

T. -Letters cDnlaininl. Queries musl be marked on the top Ie/I hana corner 0/ the envelope "Query," and addreIsed-F1RST AID, 46, Cannon·str,et, Lon,",n, E. C. 4.

3. -A U Queries must be accompanied by a " Query Coupon" cut /1'011 the current iIsue 0/ the /ournal, or in case 0/ Queries from abroa ( Irom a recent tssue.

Textbook, to which reference may be made in these column s iI the 36th (I920) Edition oj S.J.A.A. Manttal of First-Aid.

A\,l ' l S ION OF S( \1 1'.

E. B. ( Wakefield).-Please tell me what treatment we shoul d apply for such a case as this. A girl is at work in a mil l bending over her loom. Her hair falls and fast roun a a revolving rod. with the result that her scalp IS torn com pletely from the skul!.

If opportunity should allow, then" discrimination )) (Tex t book p. 24) would suggest that a pair of sharp scissors shoul d be seized and used to cut off the hair so as to prevent injury t o the scalp, especially in view of the fact that It takes time o give orders for stopping machinelY. If, however, the scalp IS torn off, then it is well to recover the scalp as soon as pOSSibl e, to replace it in position as well as may be-with such antisept l precautions as circumstances allow, to cover with clean, dr y dressing, and to fix It on the skull WIth head-bandage or I this is no good ) with a bandage on the lines of that indicate d for fracture of jaw. This done, keep patient warm, treat her fo r shock and remove quickly to doctor.-N. CORBET FLETC.HE R

less serviceable for neutralising Corrosive Alkali Burns than vinegar which is actively acid. If, however, no vinegar !s avai lable in an emergency, then a saturated solution of BoraCIC Acid (of which part is soluble in 2S parts of cold water) could be used with some advantage for this purpose. ·-N.C.F.

TREABfENT OF PRUSSIC ACID POISONING.

D. B. (Manchester). - Is an emetic to be giv en in a case of Prussic Acid Poisoning? Please advise.

Yes-provided that patient is conscious and able to swallow. In all cases of Prussic Acid Poisoning-where a potent dose lzas been taken-insensibility comes on so quickly that there is no time to prepare and administer an emetic.-

N.C.F.

EXAMINATION HOWLIiR.

L. R. (Charlton Pcnk).-Asked in a recent examination how he would treat a patient for" Foreign Body in Throat," a member of our class replied-" Pundl llim hard in the stoma ch and so cause ,< Jomii£?7R." How's that for a proper howler ?

Good! Next, please! ! -N.C.F.

SIGN S 01 CYANIDE POISONING.

J.P. (Farnborough).-Do you think that it is fair to ask any candidate in a Competition to " State the signs, symptoms and treatment of Cyanide of Potassium Poisoning?" Please favour us with your VIews on this point in the next Issue of the J ourna!.

Yes! The question is perfectly fair because its answer c an be found on pp. 156-/57 of the Textbook.-N.C.F.

the point raised by your query, th.e sample, when first issued, might have been defiCIent 10 IodlOe and because the period of three weeks is rather a s hort period. 10 which evaporation of alcohol and concentratIOn of IodIDe might take place, unless the stopper of the bottle had been deliberately left out.

Most of us-when Iodine is applied to broken and even unbroken skin-experience a "painful burning sensation" which. varying in degree, quickly passes away Some of us, however, owing to personal pe.culiarities, react .more violently and may be affected WIth al! of the skin after one application of mlid TIDcture of IodlOe. Such cases being rare, It. follows that civilia.n the use of Iodine (which IS a most effiCIent antIseptiC) IS fully j'lstified except when there is a history of previous violent reaction to its irritant qualities or when we have reason to believe that it has become conc ent rated through imperfect stoppering of its container or long storage in bottle.-N.C.F.

TREATr.lENT OF

E. S. (Cant erbury ).-As a First-Aider who works at a Motor Bus Repair Depot, I am a bit muddled by the difference between the FIrst-Aid instructions of the Factory Act Orders and of our Textbook. Thus, the Factory Act Orders tell us to apply Iodine and sterilised dressing to wounds without cleansing wounds and parts around. The wounds which we have to treat are generally cov ered with grease, oil and a fair amount of road dirt and I do not think it right to cover them up without first washing them with a solution of lysol before applying Iodine, etc. Please help me by stating your opinion on this point.

I do not know why you are" muddled," because the Home Office instructions with reference to treatment of wounds are identical with those of the Textbook, except IIlat the former do not favour the very questionable instructions of the Textbook to start treating an oiruiously dirty wound "by pouring sterilised water over it freely)) (Rul e 8, p. 84).

The fact remains that the less the interference with wounds in an emergency, the better is the outlook for wounds and patients and further, your preliminary washing with lysol solution has the very practical disadvantage that it tends to dilute the Iodine and to depreciate its antiseptic action.N.C.F.

OF BURN S

E.S. (Canterbury).-( r ) Are Picric Acid dressings suitable fo r burns caused by Caustic Acids and Alkalies? (2 ) Is a solution of Boracic Acid suitable for neutralising burn s caused by Corrosive Alkalies? I find that vinegar doe s not keep well and wonder if Boracic lotion would be for this purpose. Further what is the strength of BoraCI C lotion?

I hope that I do not exceed your generosity in th e numbers of my queries; and I shall be grateful for you r kind help.

(I) Yes-though personally I do not regard Picric Aci d dressings as suitable for First-Aid purposes, because such dress ings, when once applied, should be kept on continuously or until there arises some special indication for removal thereof

(2) Boracic Acid is only feebly acid and for this reason IS

SAl\IPLE. OF IODINE.

W.M. (Llwynypia).-In your" Common Enol'S in First Aid" you POlOt out that Iodine, left long in bottle, may cause inflammation through evaporation of alcohol in which Iodine is dissolved i and you emphasise the value of ampoules. Before reading your explanation, I often wondered why some patients refuse to allow us to apply Iodine on the ground that it produces a painful" burning" sensation.

The matter is of practical interest to us who work in coal mines because we are only supplied with Iodine in bottles which are not re-filled until after a long period when the contents of the bottles are exhausted. I enclose, therefore, samples of Iodine-the one in ampoule and the other taken from a stock bottle. These have been down in our mine under exactly similar conditions, the ampoule lor (our montlts and the stock bottle jor three weeks. Would it be possible to have the samples tested? We appreciate your kind assistance.

The Editor has had your two samples of Iodine analysed. The ampoule sample is full strength in accordance with the British whereas the bottle sample is 5 per cent. deficient in Iodine. This test, however (though it does prove the value of keeping Iodine in ampoules) is not conclusive on

TRE.\T?lIENT OF SPECIAL POISONS.

D. R. ( Manchester).-I am much perplexed with reference to the Special Poisons, treatment of which is given in detail on pp. 156. 15 [ of the Textbook. Thus, the General Rules suggest administratIon of emetic provided that lips, &c., are not stained, yet for the Special Poisons the administration of an emetic is only named for Alcohol, and Poisonous Meat, &c. Again, application of General Rules is specific.ally mentioned for Corrosive Sublimate and Iodine; but reference thereto is omitted with all the other Special Poisons. Should I be correct in giving an emetic in cases of Poisoning by Corrosive Sublimate and Iodine? Further, with Carbolic Acid Poisoning would General Rules require me to give an alkali as well as Epsom Salts in milk. Please gIve me your advice and help in a matter which is a source of perplexity to many of us.

The General Rules should at all times be applied for all cases of Poisoning, including those which have been specially detailed in the Textbook by reason either of urgency of symptoms and effect!> or of comparative frequency in o:::currence.

Treatment depe nds on condition of lips and mouthw/?ellur Imrllc.l (bother the stain!) or /lot. Therefore, you should give an emetic for Corrosive Sublimate and Iodine because with these poisons the lips, &c., are not burned. Further, as with Carbolic Acid, Epsom Salts in milk affords an antidote the efficacy of which is very, very doubtful- then you would be acting wisely if you gave an alkali in addition to the supposed antidote; and in any case you can do no harm thereby, provided that patient is conscious and able to swallow, Alas, your worry is an uld one, and your query re-directs attention to an old perplexity and a chapter of the Textbook which, in the particulars named, is somewhat vague and misleading.-N.C. F.

HOllIE OFFICE INSTRUCTIONS.

E.S. (Cant erbury).-Under Factory Act Orders packets of sterilised cotton-wool must be provided, and instructions are given that a pad of cotton wool is to be placed on mjury and bandaged. At the same time we are told that the cotton-wool must not touch wound or burn!! How is this to be done? Please advise.

I think that you have mis-read the instru::tions because tbe copy of Home Office Instructions (which I have before me at this moment) reads-" apply thick pad of sterilised cotton-wool ove? tlze slen'lised dressing." The italics are mine.-N.C.F .

D EATHS BY LIGHTNING.

A.A. (Johannesburg).-I enclose reports of two deaths by Lightning in which the medical evidence suggests that performance of artificial respiration for at least halfan-lwur in each case might have saved bfe. The reports are worthy of note because in South Africa lightning storms are common and often accompanied by similar casualties. Henc'.! the immense value of a knowledge of First Aid.

Thanks for letter. I agree with you as to the value of First Aid in teaching artificial respiration and the advisability of commencing action at the earliest moment in such emergencies. I would, however, point out that the last Conference on Electric Shock (held in N ew York, 1918) strongly recommended that artificial respiration by Schafer s Method (wbich was re-n:;).med "prone-pressure ") sbould be carried on for four lzours at least. I published a summary of their report in August 1920 issue of tbis Journal.-N.C.F.

RAILWAY CQ;\IPETITIONS.-H.R.H., Prince Arthur of Conn aught, will present Shield and Prizes at the Connaught Rooms on May 16th.

3' E

If you have a good business Advertise and keep it, if not, Advertise and get it.

Spare the Advertisements and spoil the business.

" Advertising is to business-the great propeller."

If you wish people to knc.w who you are - ADVERTISE!

If you wish people to know what you are-ADVERTISE!

If you wish people to know where you are-ADVERT! SE !

E you wish to know how to properly Advertise, write to Manager, FIR ST Am, 46, Cannon Street, E.C.4.

POR SALE.-Corps O fficer s Uniform, as new, by Hobson's London fit man Sft. 7in.; tunic chest 38 t; cap, size 7; overco3t worn, but in good condition; latest Welsh Priory Badges ; complete lot is.- Apply, 130x 12, "Flrst Aid" Offices, 46, Cannon-street, London, E.CA.

A'JtD - April,

THE INCORPORATED SOCIETY OF CHIROPODISTS. SCHOOL OF CHIROPODY'

0/ Stud,,'s: Mr. NORMA T C. LAKg, lIl,D, M.S., D.S e., F.R.C. s.,

11. Surgical Lt'C/IIJ,'r: l\ Ir L. R. I) ROSTIl:l:<, O.]).E., M.A., D.l\I. , l\[ Ch., I<'.R.C.S. .1fcd cat Lecturer: Dr. CER,\I.D 1\1. SLOT, B. S., \! R.C. ·.,l\I.R.C.P. Edllcali"JltlIOrgaJli.l'Cl": l\1r.J. DIXON.PAYNl<" 1'.I.S.Ch. Scl/im Practical Jeae/,CY: l\lr. J. lJ. II,\N'BY

Jrish J\mbulance aazette.

To be had from London Agents

REYNOLDS & CO., Ltd., 46, Cannon Street, E.C.4

, MARSHALL & CO., 32, Paternostep Row, E.C.4.

St. John's Gate, Clepkenwell, E.C.t.

HEADQUARTER, 40, Merpion Square, Dublin. SIXPENCE Q(JARTERLY.

Subscription, 3s. post free.

For Wounds, Cuts, SCllds lnd Burns

Use the Doyen of all Dressings, GERMOLENE.

Astonishes by the rapidity of its Soothing, Healing Action.

GERMOLENE has establ i shed it supremac y in first ai d work in every part of the world t IS unequalled for very obv ious reasons ; -

I. As a germic ide GERMOLENE is supreme. Septic complicat ions are impo s s ible where it is used. I t cleanses wounds of ever y parti cl e of foreign matter. The ba ci ll i of poison shr ivel and die when it is appl ied.

2. GERMOLENE soothes immed iately. There is none of the tingl ing, smart ing, or pa in wh ic h is assoc iated with ba c ter ic id a l ag ent s so often used in the past. The a c tion of G ER M OLE N E is so rap id that the qu ick cessat ion of pa in nvar iably aston ishes the user.

3 GERMOLENE heals completely a nd safely. New t issue is bu ilt up in a healthy, natural manner. I nflammat ion and fester ing stop be cause the cause is expelled.

GERMOLENE should be kept ready for use by all ambulance workers; it should c ertainly have a permanent place in every factory first-aid chest and in every horne for immediate appli c at ion i n cases of c uts, wounds , scratches, scalds and burns. It is j ust as useful for kind of skm comflla int, and it is the doyen of all skm preparations for use in ch ildren s a ilments

SOOTHES AT A TOUCH

P r i ces 1/3 and 3 /-, 01 all Chem is ts.

To Medical Practitioners, Hospitals, School Clinics, and to Nurses who enclose their professional cards, a g enerous tr ial supply of GER1';10LENE will gladly be sent gratIs.

S ole Distributors ,' THE VENO DRUG CO. Ltd., Manufacturz'n,R Ch em z's t s Man chester.

'Yadil' Antiseptic First Aid. • In

'yADTL ' Antiseptic at last makes it possible to first aid not only In accidents but also z"11l dz·seas e. render

When used in the treatment of wounds, cuts, bruises, ' Ya dil' nl ak e s blood p oisoning impossible. I t ensures prompt h e alin g . A se c o nd dressing 1S seldom required.

Should th e re be a rIse In temperature, 'Y adil' may be g iven \vithout the slightest hesitation. This will check all fe vers a t th e outset.

, Yadil ' non-ir r itant. \vith absolut e

Antiseptic It can be safety.

1S non - p01sonous, non - caustIC, used both externally and iilternally

Ambulance men who have g1ven It a trial 1n their work have adopted it with enthusiasm.

Free booklet posted on request.

PREPARED BY Clement & Johnson Limited Research Medical Chemists

19 Sicilian Avenue London w.e.l.

"

Al D.- A prli, 1924.

MANU ALS OF FIRST-AID, &C.,

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B" B,C., B.A.(Caotab), M.R.C.S

N ow R EAD Y.

AMBULANOE OOMPETITION TESTS (S tretche r, I ndiv idua l and Qu estion- T h ree Fo ld e rs)

Pr ice 3d. each n et, post I ! d.

AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

F ifth E diti on P os t free lid.

Flrst·Ald SImplified and Tabulated, wltb Aids to Memory. Co Sir fa mes Cate tlie con r ib u t es ate i te trodJlc tiolf ated w e elfd or st his g ooa opi"ion 0/ tlu boo k."- LA N CB T

AIDS TO HOME-NURSINQ.

Second Ed it ion . P r ice II d •• post fr ee.

Home -Nurslug Simplified aud Tabulated, wltb Aids to Memory,

" T ltis book wOlfderfo lly s implifies a con tplex subiect alf d sh ou ld be rea d 0" a t. st Jlden t s ."- L & N. W Rv GAZBTTE.

EFFICIENCY IN FiRST-AID.

P os t ree, II. 3d.

Problems In Stndy, Treatment and Exsmluatlon solved for SenIor Student s.

" Witho u t d ou b lu book will be 0/p ea serv ce ilf tlu .-a "ilf/[ 0/ h ose fo r w h om it u d esi,(> ned "-BRITISH M EDICAL JOURN A L.

OOMMON ERRORS IN FIRS' -AID.

18. net: post 2d.

Error s lu Flrs t·Ald Detail ed and Ex pl ai ned.

11Lis book gives a clearer insigltt i"to tlu JlutJUJds atld di!!icl< lties 0/ tJl/tr/[en cy trea/mlmt by laymC1l tllall tile olJicial Textbook itself-"-LANCET.

WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition P rice IS 2d post fr ee DIfficulties In Study sod Treatment solved by Ques tion sod Answer.

"We commen d this book to L ect u r er s an d St u de n ts who will fi n d it 0/ /[real se,viu: "-FIRST AlD. HINTS FOR HOSPITAL ORDERLIES. Post free, 8 d. Orderly Dotles Simplified aod Tabulated , wllb Aid s to Memory A most comp a ct b"'"ch u r e cO lf ta;" s m u ch use.Juf i formatio n ." - PRKSCRIBER

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES.

Mount ed on Canvas Roller lOp and boltom.

2 r S. net eacb.

1. Human Skeleton, frC'nl view. 2. MU5cles, front ,iew. 3. HuO':>n Skelel()t back view 4. Muscles, back 5. The Heart and principal Hlood \·essels.'

WE SPEOIALIZE IN S.J.A.B. UNIFORMS.

OFFICERS' UNIFORNS, CAPS, SAM

BELTS, GREATCOATS, RANK and FILE UNIFORMS, BELTS and POUCHES, CAPS , HAVERSACKS, GLOVES, etc.

Pa t t e rn s a n d partic u iars , wit h Self-mea s urement F or m s, sent to any add ress by return of p ost.

SPECIAL LINES.

S.J ,A.B. Tunic and Trousers = £2 7 6 (Black Vicuna or Serge)

S.J.A.B. Trousers - 12 / 6 & 16 / 6 per pair (S tock, all sizes ) (Postage 9d )

FIRST AID

- AND THEST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

NOTICE TO READERS.

PI R5T AID Is published on he of eacb month. The Annual Subscription is 35. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

I ts aim and object being the advancement Ot Ambulance Work , a ll its branches, the Editor invites Readers to send Articles and :{ epor ts on subjects pertaining to the Movement and also welcomes for Practical Papers.

All Rep orts, &c., should be addressed to the Editor at t h e !' below , and sh ould re a ch him before t he 12th of each month, nd must b e accomp a nied (not ne cessarily t or p ub l i cation) by the name and a ddress o f he C orrespondent.

the first time the competition has been held und e r th e n ew arrangements brought about by the altered conditions resulting from the grouping of railways under th e Railways Act, 192 r.

The effect has been interesting for teams who were in th e old days keen, but friendly rivals find themselves to-day both striving for possession of the shield for the same railway and many old and familiar names disappear.

Subscrlption s Advertisements and other business c'ommnnlcations co nne cted with FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4.

11. Schematic of Cin:u\a lil"t'.

6. Viscera of the Chest and Abdomen (_\). 7. Yi cera of the hest and .\bdomen CB). 8. Viscera of Ihe Chest and Abdomen CC). 9. Viscera of the and Abdomen CD). '. The er\'ous Syslem.

12. The Human Ear. 13. The Human Eye. '4. l\1"clian ection Skin. Median Section Ihrou£h Heat!.

By J M. CARVRLL. M.P C S tlDg

AN INDEX lI=IRST-AIO.

A vade mecum for all Am bulanc e \\'orker,. Fcap 8vo. Cloth bound. Post free, 18. 8 d.

The "FE W WORDS " Series of Pocket Folders:-

FIRST AID IN FEW WORDS. (8 2nd thousand'With Coloured Diagrams. 12pp. Clotb, 6d Strong paper. Old Post HOME NURSING IN FEW WORDS. (26th thnu""nd). With useful reference table.. 14 PT'. Slrong paner, ;,d. P OS BANDAGINC DIAGRAMS.

12 PP'-72 bandaging diagrams, "ilh notes. Strong paper, 2 d. Post ,d.

----..-EAL TH IN FEW WORDS.

By Sir R, H F IRTH D.P.H. P R C S 20th T housand Pa per folde r 3 in. and 4 in. Post free 3d. net.

By HOWARD M. PRBSTON. D emo n stra tor to the P olytech n ic.

THE TRIANCULAR BANDAGE:

Its Applica tio n Accur at ely D esc_-ibed by W ords a nd 116 D ia gr a ms.

II6111us Price, IS. ne ; postage 2d THE ROLLER BANDAGE.

I ts Applicati on Accura tely Descri be d by W or ds a nd 162 Diagrams. Price. IS. ne t ; post ae-e, 2d.

FIRST·AID ANATOMICAL DIARRAMS.

T h ir t een ( I to 12 and J 4) nn R oller. P nst free. 3.5. 9d. ne t.

N o 13 (sepa rately) Male an d Female Genita l Organ s, IS. THE COMPLETE MANIKIN. Sy st ems o f Body accurately inde xed Inv a luab le t o S t ud en ts of Anat omy, Medicine, Firs t -Aid and Allie d Su b jec ts. Price 2.5. ne t; pos tage, 4d

THE WHOLE ART OF BANDARINII.

By THBKLA BOW8RP Illustrated. P ost free, 18. :ad.

1 eleg rap hic Address .' "Twent1/-jour, London "

1 elep hone No. 5477 Bank

EDITORIAL.

O UR read e rs will find a considerable I{ailway portion of the spac e in this May issue

There have now been 23 competitions for this much coveted trophy, and looking through the records we find that, putting the winners in the past und t r their new grouping, the result has been as under :London and North Eastern 7 wins London, Midland and Scottish. 6 " Great Western 5 " Southern U ngrouped railways

Prior to these contests the large railways participating have each held their own series of competitions to select the teams to represent them and in th e aggregat e some considerable amount of work must have been involved. Unfortunat f. ly there is no means of measuring just what effect this has had upon the movement, although we believe these contests have been a real stimulus and of considerabl e educational value. Competitions ar e how e ver, a means to an end only, that end being the advancem e nt of the mov ement, the spreading of first aid knowledge.

AMBULANCE NURSES COATS

POCKET FIRST AID SERIES.

All Woo Grey, and Black Serge

E xtra quality mate ri al. S t ri ctly to reg ul atio n.

THORNTON &

37 / 6 Postag e 1/CO., 24, Commercial st., BRIGHOUSE.

By Col. R J BLACKHAM C B • C M.O C I.B •• D S O • M.D. (r) P oiso ni ng (2) H ::e morr hage , I me n sibi lity , (4 ) Asp hyxia pe nd ed Breath in g ), ( S) F ra c ur es , and S p ra in s, (6) Wou nds, Bites, Burn s, Scalds , Ru pt ur e an cl Mi n or In jud es. Th e S e ri es conraills a ll the o f F irst Ai d P ri nte

A mbulance of FIR ST A ID devoted to railway Work. ambul a nce matters. This is in accordanc e with established practice and is, we fe el, justified for the good and sufficient reason that ra. ilwa ym e n form such a large percentage of the train e d am bu lance wo rkers in this country. Although first aid is ma ki ng its way in many industries to -day and (partly o 'i ng to rec e nt legislation ) , th e advanta ges of first aid traini ng of employees are being valued at their proper wort h, it cannot be gainsaid that our railways have not only anticipated any legal obligations in this direction, but have consistently taken a foremost place in the movement.

The event of the year among railwaymen who interest the mselves in first -aid competitions is, of course, the contest for the Railway Challenge Shield of the St. John Amb ulance Association. Th e year 1924 marks an epoch in the history of th is competition for the reason that for

There are some associated with ambulance work, who hold the view that expert ambulanc e workers are not necessarily the best competition men, and vice-versa. This may be so. Doubtless many excellent exponents of first aid have not th e temperament for competition work. Nevertheless, comp€titions serve a very useful purpose and readers of this journal will recall the fact that we have consistently advocated the making of competitions more valuable to the movement by rend e ring them more realistic in every way. Wtj hold the view that much more can stiil be done to increase the educational value of comp etitions.

We must see to it also that th ere is no tend e ncy to produce a few super-ambulance work e rs at the sacrifice or

-FIRST

bringing numbers into the movement with a good working knowledge of the application of first aid principles. It is better to have in industry to-day a hundred men who can do the right thing in the right way when occasion requires than five men who can do in a room.

Our belief in competitions as an aid to the advancement of First-Aid knowledge will be borne out by the prominence we have always given to the competition side of the movement. As in past years we are including in this issue a number of the marking she ets which have been used in the various railw!iy competitions with the hope that these will be studied by compf..titors and non-com· petitors alike with a view to the furtherance of their general knowledge of First Aid_

As the Inter-Railway Competitions are held on the eve of going to press we have had no opportunity of including herein a considered report on the event, but readers will find an article upon this subject in our next issue. In the meantime we extend our hearty congratulations to the Southern Railway (Hither Green Team) which was successful in winning the Inter-Railway Challenge Shield in the competitions held on the 15th and 16th inst.

City of Bristol Corps.

THE annual report of the Corps for 1923 shows steady progress in all dfp.ntm{nts, the present strength being 429 membc;rs. The danger caus::d by the ever-growing tr Iffic in the streets is shown by the increase of nearly 200 cases of accident dealt with by the transport department, and the number of ca'ies attended during the year by the whole corps, making a total of 19,622, this is ample evidence that the wor k takes an important place in the welfare of 1h e city, no function of any size takes place without some mem bers of the Corps being in attendance for cases of accident or emergency. The financial position of the Cor ps is a strong one, showing a balance in hand of £ 985 9s. 9d. in spite of the fact that a ntw motor am bulance was purchased last year at a cost of £44 T.

Accord ing to Mr. H. E. Blain, Chairman of the L c ndon "Safety First" Council, the number of accidents wllie!) occurred in the streets of London greatly increased during the past year. He refers to the "appalling total" of 69 873 street accidmts, due primarily to private motor cars and commercial motor vehicles. There were 667 fatalities representing 86 per million of the population. Thes;:: figure are, we understand, giving the" Safety First II Council cause to think furiously and probably the whole question of the control of London traffie will sooner or later form the subject of a special commission. The conditions on the railways are dissimilar, but it is interesting to draw a comparison and to point out that in the year !923, there was only one railway accident to a passenger train on the whole of the railways in the Kingdom involving fatalities, when two persons were killed. Railway traffic is very closely controlled and with the coming of more motor vehicles in our cities and towns, it does look as though something of the kind will have to be done with regard to road traffic,

Al D.- May, 1924.

3"be 3rand 'L'ioL'Y of the OL'der of the ,}<ospital of St. John of Jerusalem in &ngland.

AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

he St. John .Ambulance Srigad e.

Prince of Wales's Distric.t

COMM.ISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

DISTRICT ORDERS.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL

JUNE, 19 2 4.

June I st-N o. 21 Division, Bromley.

" 8th - No. 22 " Hospital Saturday Fund.

I! 15th-No. 23 " Norwood.

" 22nd- o. 24 Lambeth.

" 29th-No. 25 Tottenham and Hampstead.

Duty from 2.30 p.m., to 8. p.m., Key from St. John's Gate at 2 p.m. NEW DIVISIONS.

The following new Division has now b een san ctioned bv the Chitf Commissioner :- No. 39 Metropolitan Railway, wl tl1 effect from March 24th, 19 24.

DISTRlCT

The annual competitions for the various troph ies presente d to TO. I District have again been held, the results are give below. Thes compet i tions were in two sectiOns, that for t he Efficiency Cup took pla c e at the Merchant Taylor :; Schools on Saturday, April 12th, and the remainder at the ortharr pt on InstItute on Saturday, ]\[ay ')rd.

EI Fl CIEN CY C UP.

I - No. 7 , Toynbee Hall 2-N o. 20, Hampstead

SS EY MAJ i\ \L\ RIN G ,u D DEW ,\R SHI ELD

I-No. 20, Hampstead

2-No. 19 , South Metrop o li1 a n Gas

3-No. 37, G.W R. 4-r\ 0. 4, Ley ton O SHO R T SHI E LD.

I-No. 37 , G.W.R.

2-No. 20, Hampstead

3 - No. 19, South Metrop o litan Gas

4-No. J7, Merton and \\ -Imblt d on

5-N o. 4, Ley ton

6-No. 19/ I, South Metropol Itan Gas (2nd team ) SLEATH G l!. NT C UP

I-Sergt. E. Marshall, No. 16, L. B . & S .C. R.. :!-Cpl. F. T. Cole, No. 87 ... . ..

3- Pte A. F. Ager, NO.4, Ley ton

4 - Pte. F. Tull, No 20, Hampstead

s - .Pte. C. A. Barker, NO.4 Ley ton

6-Pte. F. T. Dean, No. 46, llfard

7 - S-Sergt. G. A. No. 37, G W.R.

8-Cpl. T. Hill, No. 57...

9- Pte. E. Dickerson, t\o. 19 I, South Met. Gas

la - Pte. W. H. Hale, No. 46 lilord

I I-Pte. F. Roessler, No. 17, Wimbledon & Mellon NURSIN G B o wL.

I-Miss Garnham, NO.5, Norwood

2- M iss Booker, NO.5 1, Blackheat h

3-Miss Whitten, NO.5, Nor",ood

4-Miss Tuckwell, No. 10, Balham & Streatham

5- Miss Daw, No.2, St. John ' s Gate

6 -Miss Riggs, NO.9, B orough of Kensrngton

7-Miss Hulme, No. 14, CraIg s Court

8-Miss Hounden, No. 20, Northern Polytechn C

9-Miss Tolle\t, No. 18, Whitehall

10- Miss Sullivan, No. IS, Ilford

II-Miss King, No. 51, 13lackheath

PERROTT SHIELD.

1 -N o. 16, Hampstead

2- No. 9, Kensington

3 - N o. J 5, Ilford

4 - No. 51, Blackheath '"

5 -No. 3 I, South end-an-Sea

- Y IRS r

The Mayor (Alderman F. Lord, J.P.), presided, and was supported by Colonel C. J. Trimble, Captain L. Whittaker, Lieut.-Colonel G. G. H. Boulton, Corps Officer H Swann, the Rev. A. W. Greensill, M.A , Chief Constable Sinclair, Dr. Nuttall, Nurse Shepherd, and Staff-Sergeant J. Whitehurst, and Scout Commissioner G. W. Belsey.

At the termination of the competitions, the presentation of trophies was made by Colonel E. A. Cameron, C.M.G., D.S O , who was accompanied by Mrs. Cameron.

The assistan c e given during the proceedings by several officers and members of other ranks from DIvisions, was greatly appreciated, and contributed largely to the success of these events.

(Signed) W. H. WINNY, Commt'sst'oner.

IMPORTANT NOTICE.

Divisional Secretaries are requested, when sending news paper cuttings of their meetings, etc., to give the date of publication of the newspapers.-EDlTOR.

NO. 4 District.

ACCRIN GTOI\'" - An impressive ceremony took place at the Ambulance Drill Hall, Accrington, on April 16th. This was the unveiling of the handsome memorial to the Nursing Sister ( Mis s Ma rj o rie Baron ), and twenty·five male members of the

PRESTON.-A war memorial to the ambulance men and ambulance sisters of the Preston Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, who died on active service during the Great War, was unveiled in the Headquarters Hall, Chapel-walks, on April 15th, by the Mayor of Preston (Alderman F. W. F. Matthew) Dr. T. H. C. Derham, M.B., C.M. (Corps Surgeon ), occupied the chair and he was supported by the Mayoress (Miss Matthew), the Rev. L. D. W. Spencer, Col. C. J. Trimble, C. B., C.M.G., V.D. (Commissioner), Mr. Herbert Calvert ( President of the Centre ) , Lady Corps Superintendent Mrs. Howard, Dr. Collinson, Dr. Holden (Divisional Surgeon ) Mr. J. Howorth (Corps Secretary ) , and Mrs. Derham.

Both the men's and nursing divisions were present, under the respective charge of Ambulance Officer Myers and Lady Corps Superintendent Mrs. Howard.

I n introducing the Mayor, the Chairman said they were met on a solemn and, he thought, glorious occasion, to unveil a tablet to the memory of the honoured dead of the local corps.

A report, read by Mr. Jas. Howorth, Corps secretary, stated

THE FIRST AID HOSPITAL UShD BY THE BRIST OL CORPS.

Ac crington Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, by Capt. L. Whittaker, of Frome, and formerly of Accrington. The unveiling ceremony was followed by various presentations which included the Higham Cup, presented to the Corps by Mr. J. Sharp H igham for competition between squads i the HIgham Shield, presented by Alderman T. Higham, and competed for in the fir::.t ins1ance in 1906 long medals; bar for long sp.rvice medals; First Aid ann Home NursingCertificates; medallions; and medallion labels; and home nursing pendants. The presentations ere maJe by Colonel C. J. Trimble, C. B., C.M.G., V. D. (Commissioner).

that for the past 36 years the Preston Corp5 had been trainin g its ambulance men and ambulance sisters to be additi0nally useful as citi zens qualified to render first-aid.

One hundred and six[y-five members of the Preston Ambulance Di\-ision served in the R.A M.C. ; in addit ion to many others who joined other bramhes of the for ces, and selved In all the theatres of the Great War. Commissions were granted to eight members, of whom six were captains and t" 0 lieutenants. Amongst the officers and men who served, two were decorated with the Military Cross, and one with the Order of the Nile, one the Medaille d' Honneur de la Epidemle, one the Serbina

Samaritan Cross, two the Military Medal, one the Mons Star' and one was mentioned in despatches.

Twenty members of the Nursing Division went oyerseas, 100 served in different parts of the country, S7 as 300 as part-time nurses at Moor Park In addlt:on, 23 nursing members were engaged at the Military Hospital, Fulwood.

The Mayor then unveiled the beautiful tahlet, which had been executed by Mr. Martm Billington .to the design voluntarily made for the Corps by Mr. J. O. Hams, L.R.I.B.A.

No. 5 District.

The half-yearly conference of officers and secretaries of the Midland area (West Riding Yorks). No. V. District was held at Pudsey on April 12th, the numbering about S6 was considered good in view of the very mclement

The meeting- was presided over by the Captain Ellison, supported by Laciy Dlstnct 05cer !RobIna Viscountess Mountg-arrett, District Officer W. Holdsworth and the Mayor of Pudsey ( Mr. Proctor Naylor). Many very interesting discussions took place, and it was arranged to hold the Annual Field Day at "The Park" Ecc1eshill, Bradford (by kind permission of Mr. and Mrs. G. Garnett) on Saturday, June 28th, 1924 The Conference was followed by a very excellent tea whist drive and social. The artistes were Messrs. ( Bass), Varley (Tenor), and Driver (Entertainer), and Miss Haig ( Contralto), and Mrs. Gower ( Accompanist )

The winners of Whist Pri zes were: Ladies: Lady Officer 1. Briggs; 2, Miss Newell. Gents, 1st Corps S.upt. Allen. The arrangements were very successfully carned out by the members of the Pudsey Ambulance Division.

I twas ar:-anged to hold the next Conference at Leeds on October 4th, 1924.

GRIMS BY. -A social gathering was held on the evening of April 3rd, in connection with the Divisi.on 'ind B.R.C.S., Lincs. 66 at the Wellington Street ReceptIOn Rooms. The evenidg- was spent in a very enjoyable manner, everyone. part in the dancing and games. Members of both DlVlslOns giving their services in various At about .9 IS supper was provided by Mrs. Brown m her usual delIghtful way. During the evening the awards for the last year for the members who were successful in passing the examination were kindly presented by Mr. Prothero, to whom the Division render their best thanks for so kindly performing this duty.

No.6 District.

NEWC ASTLE-ON-T YNE.- The last of what has proved to be a most interesting series of lectures throughout the winter months to the local members of the Brigade was given by Professor George Hall, C.M.G., of the Royal Victoria Infirmary on Thursday, the 25th March, in the Lecture Hall of that institution, through the kind permission of the House Governor, . Mr. Dunstan. Both in the choice and treatment of his subject -ductless glands and secretions-Professor Hall paid a great compliment to his audience, which did not pass unappreciated. Ductless glands are distinguished from other glands by the fact that they have no ducts, the products of their activity beingdischarged into the blood directly or indirectly through the lymphatic vessels. Each produces an internal secretion of one or more active substances, which are distributed to the various organs and tissues by the blood strea,T.. It is only within recent years that the specific purposes and highly complt'x natures of these various glands and secretions have been more closely recognised and identified as contributing to the various characteristics of the human race. Fresh light was being continually thrown on the chemistry of the body and the relation of the nervous system to various other functions in health and disease by the investig-ation of peculiarities and effects common to different classes of individuals.

The lecturer, whose address was amply illustrated by screen projections, devoted considerable to the gland, which had been thrust upon the attention of the public so much recently. The secretion of the thyroid gland, which is developed chiefly from the tube, has a profound influence upon

AID.-

the human system. When the gland is absent or has undergone atrophy in early the and mental development of the body is greatly mterfered and a form. of dwarfis m With mental deficiency result!'. If thiS oc c urs adult lIfe, . the condition known as myx a; dema results, which IS characterized by a general dulling of all the bodily and mental functions and a marked coarseness of the skin. The effects of hyperactivity of the gland, on the other hand, are observed as an enlarge d thyroid gland or goitre, although commonly these are not of a serious nature. Much had been heard of late about th e rejuvenating properties of thyroid, but t.oo relianr:e should not be placed in these Whilst. It was that the transference of a vigorous ananal thyroid gland mIght certain beneficial effects, it should not be forgotten that It dId not rejuvenate the whole body-the ,:>Iood vessels and ner ves, for example, showing no marked .

The lecturer described the variOUS charactenstlcs of severa other of these glands and kept his audiet;Jce the wonderful revelations which medIcal sClf'ntlfic InvestIgatIon had laid bare but reminded them that there was yet really ver \' little known 'definitely regarding the functions 0 these glands and secretions and that there was still a very Wid e field for research.

A hearty vote of thanks was passed to the lecturer and t n the House Governor, Mr. Dunstan, for the use of the Lectu r Hall and the projector. The hope was express ed that th e relations between the Brigade and the Infirmary becom even closer as the latter institution frequently appreciated th ework of th'e Ambulance men in rendering first-aid to the patients.

No. 9 Distrkt.

PLYl\10 UTH - The second Annual Competition for the slive r cup presented by Sir Frederick Winnicott to pr o ficiency among the Ambulance men of the Plymouth DistrI ct took place on April 12th at the Belmont School Hall, Stok e, Devonport. Stretcher squads from :\1illbay (:!, Devonpor Plymollth and Divisions entered. Th individual work wa s by Lleut-Colonel T. P. S. Wa :i (County Surgeon, St. John Ambulance Brigade) and the tea m work by Dr. A. Gratten Guiness of

The supposed injury was-a policeman on pOint-duty at Derry's Clock sees a stream of blood trickl ing. over his n\{ ht boot. The discovery and los s of blood causes him to fall fam t, on falling he sustained a severe kick on the left fore-arm by "\ cart horse. You and your team are in the tramway quel.e waiting for a tramcar to take you to this Competition. Th result of the contest was :-Millbay (S e cond Te am) I, DeVO ll·

2, (F irst Team ) 3, Plymouth Central and Salta sh tied for 4, Fnary 5·

Sir Frederick Winnicott, the patron of the Competltlo heartily congratulated the teams. on their work. He express e I great pleasure in the usefulness of. the St. J or '1 Ambulance Service with which he had b een associated from I S inception; he then the trophy the winners. L ady Winnicott pri zes to the Millbay and Devonpo teams (first and second respectively ). Mr. Harold Vellaco t (Corps Surgeon), District Officer T Pengelly, and Corps Sup T. Hitchcock also spoke. Admlr<l:ble arrangements for th e Competition and subsequent functions were made by Corp s Officer W. F. Pethick ( Competition Secretary and Treasu rer).

After tea served by ladies of the Ford Nursing Div ision, under Lady S'upt. Carder an excellent concert was held. Th e artistes were :-Mrs. G. Kendall, L.R.A.M ., A.R.C .O (pianoforte), Mrs. Edna Gunn ( soloist ), M r. (ba!i tone ), M L Holman (tenor), and Mr. S. P. JO?I? (VIOIIO). l\sslstant Com · missioner H. Miller (County AdmlDlstrator ) preSided.

No. 10 District.

Ip SW ICH. - Competitions were held at the Boys' Municip al Secondary Schools, Tower Ramparts, for the" Ea.st Anglica n ., and" Elliston" Challenge Cups on Saturday, April 26th. The winners of these trophies represent the district at the Fin als for the" Dewar" and "Perrott " Challenge Shields respe ctively.

Six teams, representlOg, respectively, HltchIn (Herts. ),

-FIRST

March and Cambridge (Cambs.), Felixstowf!, Ipswich Corps (Orwell Works and Gippesywk Divisions) for Suffolk, entered for the "East Anglian" and five teams, all from Suffolk, representing, respectively, Aldeburg, Felixstowe and Ipswich Nursing Corps (B eecholme, Broadwater and Moka Divisions), entered for the" Elliston" Cup.

The judges for the" East Anglian," Assist.-Commissioner

Li eut. -C olonel F. A. Brooks, M.D., from London, for stretcher drill; County Surgeon, T. H. Goodman, M.R.C.S., of Haverhill, for First-Aid work, and Dr. J. Ryder Richardson, of Saxmundham for viva voce.

For the" EllIston" the Matron of the Burlington Road Nursing Horne ( Miss Jameson), adjudicated for the bedmaking and nursing; Dr. A. H. T. Andrew, of London, for the FirstAid work; and Dr. S. Bree, of Manning-tree, the viva voce.

The Mayor of I pswich (Dr. J. Staddon), attended at the close of the competitions to present the cups to the winning teams. The results were as (ollows, out of a possible of 300 marks, in each cas e; Elliston Cup 1St, Aldeburgh (239) 2nd, Broad water (236); 3rd, Felixstowe (2 13); 4th, Moka (205) ; 5th, Beecholme (202); East Anglian Cup, 1st, Cambridge (23t) 2nd, Orwell Works, Ipswich (230); 3rd, March (227) ; 4th, IIitcbin ( 209) ; 5th, Gippeswyk Division, IpswiCh (208); and 6th Felixstowe (138). General regret was expressed at th e absence of the Commissioner, Major J. F. C. Hossack, who was prevented from being present by an unfortunate accide nt.

District-Surgeon 'vV. F. Fryer proposed, and District Supt. Ca ptain F. H. Gooderham seconded a vote of thanks to the Judges to which Lieut.-Colonel Brooks replied in a happy speech recallin g many names long associated with the district who have since passed away.

A vote of thanks to the Mayor was proposed by the Assistant-Commissioner for Suffolk ( Dr. S. O. Eades), and seconded by Miss Mary Coulcher, C.B.E., whose name stands out above all others for ambulance work in I pswi c h. Owing to the CommiSSioner's absence, the arrangements for carrying out the CompetItions were left to the District Staff, which included, apart from those already mentioned, Messrs. T. R. Parkington, who acted as timekeeper; A. C. Hill, W C. Smith, A. H. \V. l\loffatt; actlTI6' county secretary, District Sergeant-Major Lord, Lad)' Olstr ct Supt. Miss Bohun Coulcher, Lady Corps SLlpt, J\llss Hagger, and officers attached to I pswi::h Corps.

Corps Supt. Pawsey was in charge of the Guard of Honour. An Interested spectator was Lady Supt, Mengel from the Ric hmond Nursing Division.

Sixty eight officers and men, under Corps Supt. J. Pawsey a nd 32 nurses, under Lady Corps Supt. Miss Haggar undertook public duty on Christchurch Park on Saturday, May 3rd, on the occasion of the unveilmg of the War Memorial, and had qUI te a busy lime during the brief period the service lasted, )6 cases being dealt With in the tent and a room in the \Ian ion.

At the conclusion of the ceremony, Lieut.-General Sir Aylme r Hunter \Veston, KC.B., D .S.O of Hunterston, who is a K n ig ht of Justice of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in E ngland, paid a special visit to the Ambulance Station in Sa muel-ro3.d to congratulate both men and nurses of the Brigade on their smart turn-out and efficient work during the afternoon.

HAVEKHILL.- The 25 th anniversary of the establishment of this Division was c elebrated on 'vVednesday evening April 23 rd and was marked by the carrying through of an interesting progr amme. The Division paraded at the Council Schools and, head ed by the Co-operative Society's Brass Band, marched by way of the town to the Town Hall, practically the whole route bei ng lined with interested spectators. The number present in u niform was about 70, including the members of the recently fo rmed Cadet Section, who were making their first appearance In uniform. The officers in attendance included County Surg eon Goodman, Supt. G. S. Scott, Cadet Officer A. Horrix, Lady Supt. Ruffle, Lady Officer \Vilson, Lady Cadet Officer S mith, and Nurse Pannell (secretary of the Nursing Division). Th e proceedings at the Town Hall were opened by Dr Goodman, who in an interesting, reminiscent speech detailed the

AI D.-

history of the Division since it's formation in 1899. He also announced his intention of presenting to the Divisions a challenge shield, to be called" The Eric Shield," which would be offered for annual competition. Mrs. Morgan presented the certificates, etc., gained by members. The event of the evening was the presentation of a han.lsome smoker's cabinet to Dr. Goodman, from the past and present members and cadets, in recognition of his 2S years' service to the ambulance cause in Haverhill. The presentation was made by Supt. Scott, on behalf of the members, in a few well chosen words_ Dr. Goodman, who was taken entirely by surprise, replied by saying how deeply grateful he was to them all and the usual votes of thanks brought to an end a most successful meeting.

No. II (5. E. & C. R.) District.

The illness of Supt. G. Henniker, Ashford Works Division, which we mentioned last month, terminated fatally on April 12th. His death removes one, who, for over forty years, was a great worker in every good cause.

He was the mainstay of ambulance enthusiasm in Ashford Works, having taken his first certificate in 1886. He was elected a mernber: of the S.E.&C.R. Centre Committee at its inception, and on the formation of this district took a prominent part in its organisation.

Mr. Henniker was Captain of the Ashford Works Fire Brigade, a Governor of Ashford Cottage Hospital, held the long service medal from H Co., "The Buffs" Volunteers, and was a manager of the Roman Catholic Schools.

The very impressive interment was attended by CommisUur Cartoon.-No. 2.

THE ADVENTURES OF SID & BERT. Ey Corp I. D. Godfrey, 5.f.A.E.

-FIRST

sioner E. A. Richards, District Officers Drinkwate.r, Prew and Flavin' the Centre Secretary (Miss Grindley), and officers and men Ashford Town, Ashford Station, Ashford Works, Willesboro, South Ashford, Victoria, Faversha m, Deal and Walmer, Bricklayers' Arms, Red Hill, Ramsgate and other divisions.

A very large number of floral tributes test.ified to th.e deceased's :nerit, including wreaths from the ChIef Mechanical Enginee', Works Club,. Works'. Office Foremen's AssociatIOn, Katemam AssocIatIOn, FIre Brigade, Hospital Fund, Hastings Division (S.J.A.B.) District Staff.

Some 5 S J.A.B. personnel were present, together with Commander McKenna, R. W. Major Kane, Mr. E. E. Thomas (late Operating Supt.). The Rev. T. celebrated a requiem mass and officiated at the gravesIde.

Mrs. G. Henniker and family desire to return thanks for all the warm sympathy shown the.m. Divisional Supt. W. H. SmIth organtsed a very ple';lsant dance at the Drill Hall, Ennersdale Road, S E., III aId of Hither Green Divisional Funds, on Wednesday, April 23rd. Some 200 people took part, and at conclusion, Dr. G. A. Maling, V.C., Divisional Surgeon, dIstributed the Supt. Smith has had a very long connectIOn With the local ambulance work. A wonderfully all-round man nothlllg comes amiss to him. Sirlce the Division was formed his interest has been even greater. The orig inal Hither Green were due to his leadership, and new schemes to mamtam the efficiency of his beloved Division are being continually evolved.

It is pleasing to note that the two teams representingthe Southern Railway in the Inter-Railway Competition this year were connected with the Bricklayers' Arms and Hither Green Divi5ions.

Insulin at Wembley.

TWELVE months ago Insulin was all but unknown to the world. To day the Insulin treatment of is employed in practically all civilised countries, and the miracle cf yesterday is the commonplace of to-day. The present main source of the supply of Insulin is the ox, whose pancreas in common with the pancrta'5 of other animals contains the precious principle. Each pancreas, however, yields but a minute quantity of Insulin, and this only after a carefully-conducted process of extraction and purification.

At the British Empire Exhibition there is a striking demonstration on one of the stands of Messrs. Burroughs, Wellcome & Co., who supply the well-known" Wellcome" Brand Insu lin. There is to be seen a small tube containing a white powder which represents the total amount of Insulin hydrochloride which is obtainable flom the pancreas of a thousand oxen. Additional interest is provided by a coloured transparency of a section of ox plncreas, considerably magnified, so as to show the particular groups of cells known as the Islets of Langerhans from which Insulin is obtained.

Wombwell Ambulance Competitions will be held on June 7th. Male competitors may obtain entry forms from the stcretarYI J. Davey, ] 7, YOlk street, Wombwell. wishing to enter the ft male competition can obtain entry forms from the s:'cretary, Nurse Harkess, 38, Houghlane, Wombwell. Both competitions al e open to all members of the St. John Am buLiOce Association and Brigade.

J\mbulance.

LONDON AND NORTH · EASTERN RAILWAY.

The competition for the teams in the G.N.,. G.E., G.e. and N. E. Sections of the L (!'N.E.R. was held In the Gymnasium at Liverpool Street Station, London, on April 25th, when Captain R. D. Cran, R..A M e. of Salford, was judge, and after an e xhaustLve examlDatLon declared the result as follows :-

Stretcher

1st Grest Eastern ISO

2nd North Eastern 138

3rd Great Central ] 22

4th Gre:'lt Northern ]

The maximum points were 420.

Individual ISS Total 30 5 280

Amongst the interested spectators were R L. Wtdgwood, the Chief G.:neral Manager, Messrs J. GillespIe and Callender, of Glasgow, from the CaledonIan sec:lOn of tht L M &S., and Mr. Kilgour, of the G .L·' W. section, Mtssrs. F. H. London (G N.), T. O. Mein (G.E ), Georg e Jackson (N.E.), Woodall (G.c.) &c.

The first two teams competed lD the Competition in London 0n May J 5th and 16th, they met two from th e Great Western, London, MIdland and Scottish and S0uthern Railways, and one team fr om the Metropolitan, which is the of th e ungrouped railways, havirg attained that at a competition held at St. Johns Gate on tht: I 1 th lOSt.

TEA:\[ T EST

Card 1.- You are a team returning from a comp etition have been set down by the last down train and are having a chat and drink of tea With the stationmaster t o going home. It is a cold foggy night. The station IS sltuate.d tn a small country town. The last train on the up lme IS overdue owing to the fog.

The relief (06-signalman rushes in and states: (I I wa s going to !'elieve my mate at the distant slg nal when I saw a man fall out of the down train. He IS lying In the up four -foo t way about 200 yards along the line. I am going to tell the signalman."

He then rushes off.

Inquiries ? e. Doctor ( near static.n )

Ambulance ( near station )

Cottage Hospital ( near station )

Instructions, ? e.

Ambulance Material

Lamps

Taking tea...

Stationmaster to inform Doctor

" " Hospital Ambulance not sent for

Up four-foot not used

U fJ four· foot searched with lamp

Rapid examination by lamp or matche, Method of approach.

Card 2. On examination you find :-Severe bleeding from palm of right hand. A wound on inner side of r,ight leg four inches above the ankle in which you can see pIeces of bone. Bleeding is slight. (State injury present ).

Patient is unconscious.

Compound comminuted fracture right tibia

I mmed late treatment.

Enquiry as to whether train cau be heard (N u)

Digital pressure for h <cm orrhage of hand

Limb steadied and supported

Bandage round ankles

Care in turning- patient on b.1ck

Correct method

-FiRST

Immediate removal to down line (immedial removal to 6 foot allow 3) 8

Use of human stretcher 3

Place feet to station r

Card 3.-Patient now consciousnes and muttering (I Oh, my back ! Oh, my back!"

Enquiry re pain in leg (S evere)

" "ability to move sound leg (Y es)

" "other injuriei (N one)

" "name and address (I live near last station)

General treatment.

Clothing undone

Patient kept well covered

Drink of hot tea

Smelling salts

Sal volatile

Dose one teaspoonful in half tumbler of \\ ater

Encouraging words

No fanning on account of cold and fog

H <e morrhage from hand

Tourniquet

Removal of foreign bodies

Iodine on fingers of team

Iodine on wounds

Dressing Pad

Bandage

St. John sling

Treatment of fracture.

Dressing Pad

Ba ndag-e

C onstant extension

Two splints

.Fiv e more banda ges

C are in application

_ -eatness

ExamIner :_( 1 Last up train now passed."

Prepari n g stretcher

Testi ng stretcher

Testi ng slings

Loading Stretcher

Adjusting slings

Carri ed in 6 foot way

Guid e with lamp

Car e in transport

Examina tion en route

Changi ng bearers en route

If done at same time

!V1f't hod of ascending platform ramp

Examiner: Patient refuses to go to hospital."

Tac tful attempt to change his decision

M essenger sent to break news

remove obstacles

arrang e for hot blankets

" "drinks and for hot applications

U nloading stretcher

Examiner : II Patient has fainted. "

R emoval of pillow

E levation of end of bed

F anning

S melling salts

Hot and cold water alternately

Hot applications to limbs

" (Te sted)

Cradle

abdomen back

Examiner: II Patient has recovered consciousness.

Ho t drinks with plenty of sugar

R esponsible person left in charge

G eneral smartness

Q uiet working

E xtras

INDIVIDUAL I NJURIES AND QUESTIONS.

No. I.-You are walking by yourself along a country road. You find a man lying beside a gate. Whilst climbinrr the gate his gun has gone off and blown away the tissues at the of the right knee without injuring the bones or joi,nt. He IS 10 a fainting- condition from loss of blood and there IS severe bleedYou have no ambulance material.

use

This man has been thrown from his b icycle whils[ racing on the track. On examination you find a deformity of right fore-arm midway between elbow and wrist, and you think there is some unnatural movement in the same arm just below the shoulder.

the names of the bones which may be broken by II indirect violence," stating where the violence has been applied.

3.-This man has been thrown his horse: He is suffering from a fracture of the Jaw There IS also a vertical wound two inches long startlDg two !Dches above the right ear in which a piece of bone is protruding. Signs of Compression of the Brain are present.

No. 4.-A stone has been thrown this man's bedroom window at night. He goes to the wmdow treads on the smashed glass causing cuts with .severe bleedlpg on the front of the right foot. He falls on hIS knees causmg a clean transverse cut with slight bleeding in front of right knee cap.

AID.- May, 1924

TEAM TE ST

Card No. I.-You are four permanent way men returnin g from work at a level crossing on a branch line at about 6 p .m. \Vhen about half a mile from the crossing ( where you have le ft your trolly and tools),you find a man, 35-40 years of age, lYin g ID the 6 foot way. HIS right hand is severed about 3 lDche !; above the wrist, remaining attached only by a few shreds of tendon, and he has a flap scalp wound whi c h has been bleed !ng, but has now stopped. Owmg to the degree of crushlDg h re morrhage is not a marked feature.

May, L924 -FIItST

Third-Alexander Works, Newport. (4) Gloucester. (.1) Pontypool Road. (6) Afonwen. (7) Barry Docks. (8) Old Oak Common.

In his opening remarks Sir Ernest P,limer spoke of the interest taken by his fellow directors and himself in all phases of welfare work among the Great Western staff, none of which commended itself more to th ir support than the ambulance work. He referred to the valued services to the movement of Mr. Lean (Chairman of Ambulance Committee). Mr. Chapman (Centre S e cretary) and Miss Ault (Assistant Centre Secretary).

" Ernest Palmer" Shield to the Old Oak Common team. Medal and certificate awards to members of the staff rendering efficient first aid during 1923 were prest:nted as :-

Gold Medal Award, Percy Day, Checker, Swindon. Silver Medal Award, Robert T. Germain, Foreman, Cardiff.

Bronze Medal Award, William E. Harries, Blacksmith Whitland.

(In addition to Medal, a Certificate will be awarded in each of these cases).

(1) Name of poisons contained in preparations shown; ( 2) Class of poison; (3) Whether you would give an emetic or not.

digital pressure required .. (No).....

tourniquet and place POSItIon ready for application if required on brachIal artery...

Ask if doctor available. (No. No doctor nearer than junction town where branch joins main l ine 4 mdes away...... .,

Ask if hospital available. (Nearest at JunctIon town )

Ask if any trains to junction town or in opposite direction.

( Next in an hour to junction)

Ask if telephone available. ( Only telephone at S ig nal Box, near level crossing

Ask if first aid material available. (C abinet but no stretcher at signal box )

Send two men to level crossing w ith instructions to : -

Bring first aid material

Bring trolley ... ...

Bring material for imorovised stretcher

No. 5.-A glazier slips on a of and backward. A piece of glass has pIerced hIs clothIng causmg a wound 3 inches in extent j 1st above the pubes. He is also suffering from a broken right knee-cap.

Position of pubes

Inquiries as to direction of wound (VertIcal)

Inquiries as to protusion of organs (Node)

Body not raised

Iodine

Pad Bandage

Back splint

Bandages for splints " "patella

Cold applications

Leg not raised

State how olive oil is used in ambulance work.

All cases of poisoning (Except phosphorus ) Swelling of Tissues of Throat (Dose-a desert spoonful)

I nsect in ear passage

Foreign bo:ly in eye-ball Burns or scalds

GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY ,

The eight teams who had survived the eliminating rounds in the G.W.R Ambulance met in final competition for the Directors' Challenge Shield, " Carvell ,. Cup and at Paddington on the 2nd inst. The judges were Capt?in Howard Stratfurd (team work), and Lieut,-Col. F. A. Brooks (individual work).

At the subs ;quent presentation of trophies and awards, Sir S. Ernest Palmer, Bart., presided, and was supported on the platform by Sir Felix Pole (General Manager), Messrs. J. G Hubbard (Solicitor). A. E. Bolter

J. F. (issistant to. General. Manager), ]. A. bury (divisiona1 locomotive SuperIntendent). Mr3. SalIsbury Sharpe, Mrs. and Miss Carvell and others.

Telephone doctor

Telephone hospital

Arrange to prepare gatehouse for patient's reception

Exammation of patient for further injuries

Continue treatment for insensibility

Ask if now conscious. (No, and not lIkely to be (or some time)

Continue treatment for shock [

Card No. 2. - Two men return with trolley, first aid cabin t.l, 2 shunting poles, and report having 'phoned doctor, who \\ II be at level crossmg gatehouse in half an hour, to which pOlrt

you are to convey patient after aid

Iodine on own hands before touchmg dresslnb"s or wound

Iodine to sc:alp wound

Boraci: lint dressing... 2

Bandage to secure

Iodine to wrist

Boracic lint dressing

Bandage to secure

Ask if any recurrence of h ce morrhage. (No)

I mprovising stretcher... 7

Loading patient on stretcher 4

Loading stretcher on trolley 4

Continued treatment for insensibility and shock, proceed to gatehouse

Card No. 3.-Y ou are now at level crossing gatehou lS e where doctor awaits you and says there is no fracture to or damage to brain. Patient may safely be removed to hospI ta l when next up train arrives. He has arranged fur case to be received at hospital. Train due in five minutes.

In announcing the result of the Competition, Mr. W. G. Chapman (Ambulance Centre S ecretary) stat ed that no fewer than 276 teams had participated in this ye ar's competitIOns. In that day's (final) competitions the tea ms were placed as undtr :-

First-N ewport Dock Station, Winners of Direct or s Shield.

winners of Carvell Cup.

He was sure all present would join him in congratulating th Newport, Dock Street upon their success, and expressed his unbounded admiration for am bulance men all over the Great Western syst e m. It was more than a pleasure-it was a meet them on this interesting occasion, and he would like to emphasise his pride in them all.

ThOSe:! present would fully appreciate thr sentiment which Dr. Carvell, whose loss was deeply deplored, used to feel on these occasions. For twenty years Dr Carvell had been an adjudicator in these competitions, and always had a word of special encouragement for the team which just missed being first. It was, therefore a particularly appro · priate thought on the part of Mrs. Carvel to perp e tuate tht memory of her husband by providing a Cup fer presentation to the team securing second place. This trophy would be vtry highly prized because of the long ass o ciation ()f Dr. Carvel l WIth the Great Western First Aid movement, a nd the affection in which he was held by all who knew hIm. He cordially thanked Mrs. Carvell for her gift, on behalf of the Great W e stern Railway ambulance workerc;.

They had also fur presentation the challenge Bowl given by Mr. Henry Butt of Weston- mper-Mare, for the team securing the high est number of marks in the Bt"ginner/ cld.ss in the annual competitions. This year it had been won by the Barry Dock team.

Another presentation, and one which naturally gave him special pleasure to make, was a challenge shIeld bearing his own name. It gave him real satisfaction tu offer this trophy for annual competition among ambulance workers in the advanced class in the London (No. I) Divi,ion. The shield had b e en won by the Old Oak Com mon team.

Th e year 1923 had been a most creditable one fur Great Western ambulance men. The number of successful students had reached 6.443. a number which, he believed had not previously been reached by any centre of the St: J Am bulance Association in the world. Some striking eVIdence of the value of first aId training had been furnished by the wonderful records of the cases described as "exceptionally efficien t first aid rend e red by mem bers of the staff during 1923," and he would shortly present the Company's gold, silver and bronze medals and certificate awar.ds to the recipients selected by the Company's chief medIcal officer.

Concluding his address, Sir Ernest paid tribute to the Invaluable assistance of the medical profession to the First Aid movement, and thanked the various secretaries and committees all over the line for their untiring efforts to further so noble a cause. He wished the Newport (Dockstreet) and Plymouth teams success in the forthcoming Inter-railway Competition, where they would have the responsibility of representing the G. W.R.

Sir Ernest then handed the Directors' Shield " Cup, and "Butt" Bowl to the winning teams: pnzes to each mem ber of the teams obtaining first second third, and fourth place in the final contest, 'and

C ERTIFICATE AWARDS.

Albert J. Ludlow, Finisher, Swindon. *

Frederick C. Nutbeem, Finisher, Swindon. *

Arthur J. Gore, Coach Bodymaker, Swindon. *

John T. Carter, Goods Guard, Didcot.

David G. Evans, Shunter, Maerdy.

THE"

John G. Higgins, Stores Issuer, Llanelly.

William H. Hudson, Station Master, Ashperton.

John Lloyd Jones, Passenger Guard, Penarth Town.

John Lewis, Signalman, Abercanaid.

Gray Reynish, Shunter, Port Talbot.

William A. Rowe, EnglOeman, Garnant.

Allen Williams, District Relief Signalman, Chester.

John Broadhurst, District Relief Signalman, Chester.

George P. Taylor, Passenger Guard, Banbury.

Francis J. C. Buss, Engineman, Slough.

* For assistance in connection with the case in which the gold medal is awarded.

Sir Felix Pole congratulated all recipients of awards. He corp meqded Safety Movement to them alJ, and

ERNEST PADIER " SHIELD.

-FIRST

hoped whilst continuing their First Aid work they would also counsel among their fellow employees the adoption of safety methods. He proposed a vote of thanks to the adjudicators in the which was adopted with acclamation.

Lieut.·Col. Brooks and Capllin Howard Sllatford respon:led and made some helpful comments on the work of the competitors.

On the evening of Thursday, the 3rJ irstant, Viscount ChurchIll, G.C.V.O, Chairman of the Great Wt'stern Railway, visited Worcester and distributed First Aid examination awards and competition prizes to railway ambulance workers in the Worcester Division. The gathering, took tht form of a concert and was held in the Guildhall, Mr. J. H Gallimore (district goods manager) presiding. There were al.so present Mr. Kilbourne Kay. Mr O. J. B. Cole (Chlef Constable), Mr. J. F. Lean (Assic;tant to General Manager, G.W.R.), Mr. A. Mavnard (Assistant Chief Goods Manager, G.W.R.), Mr. W. E. Hart (Divisional Supt, Wcrcester, G.W.R.) and other local officers.

Hwing welcomed Lord Churchill to Worcester, Mr. Gallimore referred to the satisfactory state of am bulance work in the Worcester Division. He tht-n called upon Mr. Hart to propose a vote of thanks to Mr. Kilbourne Kay for the handsome challenge shield which the latter had given for competition among advanced ambuhnce teams in the Division. Mr. Hart said he fdt sure that Mr. Kay's generosity would act as a stimulus to members of the staff to altain a still higher sta.ndard of First Aid efficiency. Lord Churchill then presented the shield to Ihe Worcester Sheet Department team, the first winners of the trophy.

In replying to the vote of thanks which was most enthusiastically received and passed. Mr. Kay said he was amply repaid by the pleasure he had dtrived. He had a very deep regard for the Great Western Railway-in fact, almost an affection for it. Among the so-called working classes, he thought there was always a vast amount of good feeling and fellowship, and if everyone would feel that he was an important unit in 3 great national organisation they would gain confidence in each other, and, instead of strikes and divisions, they would bring about a state of things mutually advantageous to all concerned.

Mr. T. C. Davies (Worcester), a VEteran ambulance work e r proposed a vote of thanks to Lord Churchill, which Mr. Evison (Kidderminster) seconded. Replying his Lordship said was always gratified to meet gatherings of G.W.R. men, the mor .? so when he realised the wonderful strides the ambulance movement was making amongst the G.W.R. staff. He thanked Mr. Kay for his generosity, and intimated that he had been authorised to say that Mr. Kay also intended in the future to present a cup for junior teams in the Division. Ambulance wOlk, he said, was as near true Christianity as anything in the world, because it was helping one's fellow creatures when they were down, and doing one's best to alleviate suffering. It brought out the spirit of team work which was so essential for the effective working of any great concern. Lord Churchill hoped he might come to Worcester many in the future. He acknowledged the valuable assistance which the medical profession rend ered to the First Aid movement, and especially mentioned Dc. Neville Crome, who had done so much for the work at Worcester.

Mr. J. F. Lean (Chairman of G.W.R. Ambulance Committee) referred to the Association of Safety and First Aid and gave figures illustrating the reduction in cases of personal injury since safety work was initiated in 1913.

AID May, 1924.

LONDON, MlDLAND & SCOTTISH RAILWAY.

The final round of the Annual Ambulance Competition for the teams on the London, Midland & Scottish Railway (Western Division) was held in the Conn aught Ro?ms, Great Queen-street, Kingsway, London, W. C, on Fnday, the 25th inst. The teams which qualified for the" Final" were judged by Dr. S. Hamilton (Newport) and Dr. A. T. L1klO (Manchestu)

Considerable interest was shown by the sp e ctators as the teams went through the various tests which had been set by the judges, and at the cOllclusion of the judging th e result was announced as follows :-

Marks obt<lined.

Teams.

I Manchester (Lo ndon-road )

2 North Docks (Liverpool)

3 Crewe

4 Wolverhampton

5 Whitehaven

6 Featherstone

7 Blythe Br idg e

8 Horwich Maximum Marks, 300.

Below are particulars of the tests in individual sections of the comp e tition:-

T E,Df TE.ST.

Card of Instructions.

23 8b

237

227 2[8 :w6X the team and

May, 1924 -FIRST

pany's W t lfare Organization. Many members of the medical profession associated with the Company's ambulince work throughout the country were also present.

Apologi.!s for their inability to attend were received from Messrs. Matheson (Deputy General Manager for Scotland), Follo.vs (Chief General Superintendent), Reid (Curiage and Waggon Superintendent), Trench (Chief Engineer). Hughes (Chief Mechanical Engineer), Colonel O'Brien (Electrical Engineer), Mosley (Assistant to General Manager), Ryder (General Welfare Superintendent), and others.

At the presentation of the prizes Sir Guy Garnet said it was exceedingly gratifying to him to be pres€nt at the gathering, especially as it was the first time he carne before the amhulance workers as Chairman of the L.M.S. Company. He assured the men it was no exaggeration to say it had been a real pleasure and an education to him to see and to understand the voluntary work done all over system in the furtherance of the First Aid Movp.ment. He mentioned that one of the things which

Al D.-

March 31st, 1924, 128 Classes dnd EX:l.minations had been held in the Western Division with the following results :No. of Men Examined, 3,517; No. Failed, 154i Certifi_ cates issued, 784 ; Vouchers issued, 517; Medallion, 494; Medallion bars, 1,568; Total, 3,363.

It was anticipated that the results for the full year, when completed, would be equally as good as those for the previous twelve months.

Sir Guy said he could not close his remarks without conveying to the ambulance men on the line th-: Railway Company's appreciation of t.heir work. He complimented them on their unselfishness in giving up their ti me to such a noble cause.

Sir Guy also thanked Dr. Hamilton and Dr. for their services in judging the Competition and the of the medical profession generally for the assistance they were continually rendering the Company's starr in their classes and practices; in conclusion he paid a tribute to the work of the Centre Secretary, the District Secretari ts and the District Committees, and to the Class Secretarits

Card ( for o. 4 only). You are employed at Euston Station. This messenger informs you that he saw a carpenter, who was working in one of the waiting rooms, fall from his steps, and that he appears se, erely injured. There are several first-aiders about the slation.

Act as you should.

Note.- Twenty minutes will be allowed for the test.

Cud 2. On examination you find the patient unconscious and the trousers of his right thigh saturated wllh blood. Also a compound fraclure of nllddle of right fen ,ur.

N.I3.-A bell will ring at three-quarter time.

Card 3 (only to be given If team examines for fra ct ure of spine ). The patient now being conscious, you find on further examination a fracture of in lumbar region.

I DIYIllUAL 1'S.

No. 1.- This man complains that he has fallen on his right shoulder. His arm is painful and useless, but is not so painful when he supports it.

Treat him.

No. 2.-You find this man lying quite unconscious alongside a goods wagon from which he has evidently fallen. Act as you would.

NO.3. NO.4 to assist.-This nlan has had his left hand severely crushed between the rollers of a grinding machine. Treat him.

No. 5. - vVhat do you understand by the term I' Corrosive Poison"? Give the general rules for the treatment of poisoning by a corrosive acid.

Sir Guy Garnet, G.B. E. (Chairman of the Comoany) presided, and was accompanied by L'3.dy Garnet. Tnere were also present Mr. A. E. Pullar, Director, the Rt. Han. H. G Burgef s (Gtneral Manager), Mr. R. C. Irwin (Secretary), Mr. R. Killin (Derby), Mr. G H. Nutter (Ambulance Centre Secretary, Western Division) and numerous othc:.r officials including Messrs . J. Bancks (N orthampton), J. F. Bradford (Birmingham), G N Ford (Euston), G. F. Gras e man (Euston), W. A. Thoma., (Wolvcrhampton), J. V. Partington (Rughy), A. Turnbull (Crewe), Dr. Moore (Crewe). Dc Waddell (Mancheste.r), Richardson (Midland DiVision Ambulance Committee (Derby) Gillespie and Callan (Caledonian Ambulance Station), Kilgour (G & S. W. Ambulance Brigade), G S. Hill (Ambulance Dc p.lTtmpnt (Manchester), and Miss McArthur and Messrs. Balshaw and Blake of the Com-

LONDO MlDLAND A D SCOTTISH RAILWAY COJ.JPETITION.

Lady Garnet handing the Shield to the winning team in the \Vestern Section, Manch es ter ( London-road ) struck him most forcibly was that if one had unfortunately to meet with an accident the L. M.S. Railway would be the best place, as he could not conceive anybody being more taken care of elsewhere. He was impressed by the spleo'lid way in which so many of the staff gave their ow n time and leisure to such a good work in the service of mankind and in making themselves efficient to render assi stance to th e injured.

Sir Guy in the course of furthu remarks quoted a few fig ures, and pointed out it was very encouraging to see that in a year like this, which had not been an easy period in many re spects, the interests taken in am bulance work all over the line had been maintained, the team entries in the C ompetitions this year being considerably higher, i.e, 22 [ as against 182 last year. He was agreeably surprised at the return showing the lJUmber of men presenting themse lves for tX3.mination yearly, and pointed out that during the 12 months ended June, 1923, 5,655 men passed for va rious awards, whilst during the period July 1st, ] 923, 10

The prizes to the winning teams, and also the gifts made by the Company to the District Secretaries as an appreciation of their efforts during the past twelve months, were presented by Lady Garnet.

The Rt. Hon. H G Burgess propostd a vote of thanks was carried, to L'ldy Gunet, and they greatly at the Competi tlon and the charmlDg manner ID whIch the prizes had bet>n presented. He als') thanked Sir Guy for presiding. PART A.-TEAi\I TEST.

Card Station. (for NO.4 only).-You are employed at Euston

This .mes.senger informs y?? that he saw a carpenter, who was working tn one of the waltmg rooms, fall from his steps and that he appears severely injured. ' There are several first-aiders about the station. Act as you should.

Note.- Twenty minutes will be allowed for the test. Send messenger for other first-aiders ... (Continued on page 254). 5

-FIRST

AID.-

Inter=Railway Ambulance Competitions 1924.

OWlNG to the lateness of the month we regr e. t we are unabl e to include a full report of the competitions in OUT May issue, th e mal kina sheets and other details will appear in Jun e.

The of the Rllilways made a in the ordinary procedure of the competItIons thIS year necessitating a preliminary competition of the ungrouped Railways which took place on April 11th and was judged by Dr. William Gray with the following r e sults:-

I. Metropolitan

2. Southern & London, Midland & Scottish Joint, ( Somerset & Dorset )

3. London, Midland & Scottish l;' Great " Testern J oint, (S hrewsbury )

4. Cheshire Lines Comrrllltee

thus the Metropolitan Railway represent e J the un groupcd Railways in the final contest

The individual contests of the final were judged at St. John's Glte on May 15th and the team tests on May 16th at thp Connaught Rooms, Kingsway. Th e individual test was judged by K. H. Beverley, M R. C.s , L. R C P. of B Hnsley, and the t ra m test by C. J. R. :Ma cfadd e n, O .RE.,

1. D.Ed., of London, with the following r <-; sults :-

1. Southern Railway ( Hither Green Team _

2. Great Western Railway (N ewport , Dock-street)

3- London & North Eastern Railway (Harwich Team)

4. Great Western Railway (Plymo uth )

5. London, Midland & Scott is h Railway (Ma n ches ter )

6 Southern Railway (B ricklayer 'S Arms)

7. London, Midland & Scottish Railway ( Liverp ool)

8. London & North Eastern Railway ( Gateshead)

9. Metropolitan Railway

The team test was as follows:-

The team are in the am bulance station of a lar ge railway station when they are informed that a middle-aged man has be e n found alone and unconscious in a compartment of a train which has just arrived in the station On proceediug to the compartment they find him lying on the floor b'eediog from a wound in the head ; the glass in the wind o w is smashed and th e guard tells them th e train has just passed alongside a rifl e range where targe t practic e is in progress The case has to be treated in 20 minutes ; a will be rung once at " i- time" and twice at "time."

Maj or General H RH. Princ e Arthur of Connaught, K.G Knight of Justice of th e Order of St John pres e nted the priz es to the teams and in the of his rem a rks referred to th e extraordinary growth of ambulanct: work on the Railways of this country, which was .lpprEciat ed and incr easing each year, no less than 278 teams cont esting to represent the G. W.R and 210 teams on th e L. M. & S R. this year. He pointed out that the facilities of the S.].A A. should be taken advantage of by everybody.

- FIRST AID & THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-

St. John Ambulance

Brigade Supplement.

Appointments, Etc.

APR! L, 1924

Th e Chi 7. f Commissioner has sanctioned the following appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations:PRI 'CE OF 'vVALES'S DISTRICT.

CyclIst Division.-Ambulance Officer L. A. Evans transferred to Brigad e Reserve, 22-4- 23 Gomnbe Park Dlvislon.-Arthur Hugh Shelswell to be OlvislOnal Surgeon and Supt., 3 5.2..J

London Post Office Corps 'N orth Western District Office DiviS Ion -Ra ymond V. Steele, ;-'1. B., B.S., to be Di visiona l Surgeon, 104.:Q

Metropolitan Division. -D ouglas Laird Crowe, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S ., to be Divisional Surgeon, 10 .P4

\ValthamstolV and District Corps ( West \Valthamstow DivislOn ).-Ambulance Officer James Kemp to be Divisional Supt., ).; :!4

NO.2 DI STR ICT.

Cheltenham Corps (Town DivisIon ).-Da vid William Andrews, :\1. B., B.S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 12 4. 2'+

NO.3 DISTRICT.

BirmIngham Corps ( Bearwood Division ). -Ambulance Officer H. Cotton resigned, 17.4. 2 ..J

Kettering- Corps (C ytringan ursing Division).-Pauline

Toll er to be Lady DiVIsional Supt., 1.4.24

Wa rwic hshire Corps ( Nuneaton NurSIng Division ).-Lady Ambulan ce Officer J. Sidwell resigned, 24.4 24

Ellen Henley to be Lady Ambulance Offic er, 14-4.24

El iza Bickn ell to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 17.4.24

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Birkenh ead Corps.-Divisional Surg eon Richard Wyse, M.A., M.D., M.B.E., to be Corps Surgeon, 5.4. 24

Dolton Corps (Farnw orth Division ).-Frederick Leonard SeSSIons, :'1.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 15·4·4

Crompton Division.-Divisioml Supt. H. l\1orton resigned, 17424

Lan cas ter Division.-James Alexander Tomb, M.B.,Ch.B.

D.P H., to be Divisional Surgeon, 294.24

John C unliffe to be Ambulance Officer, 15 -4 24

NO ·5 DISTRICT.

The Wigston Midland Division were again the winners of the Leicester Challenge Shield. This is the third ye ar in succession that th e y have won the comp e tition.

Dr. Hichens gave an interesting lecture on Myst e ry of Pain" to the members of the nursing divisions of the Northampton Corps on April 16th. Lady District Supt. Mrs Huvey Reeves, A R R c., presided.

Major-General S ir PErcival Wilkinson in proposing a vote of thanks to H.RH. said that as a Kni!!ht of Justic e of the Order Prince Arthur looked after its welfare, not only in this Country but in the Dominions, he emphasised that the ambulanc e work on the Railway was maintained ill a high state of efficiency.

A vote of thanks to the Judges was proposed by Mr. H. A. Sise and seconded by Col. Bixley.

Dr. Macfadden in responding said the the Judges had a difficult task to select the winning tt-ams, for he felt sure the railway mEn mad e the fin e st first aiders in the countly.

Bolsover Division.-Henry John Thackeray to be Divisional Supt., 194.24

Divisional Surgeon \V. Strutton resigned, 7 5.24

Hanley Corps ( Hanley Division).-Ambulance Officer, Ken neth Norma n Holland Banks to be Divisional Supt., 7.LP4

Earby Nursing Division. - Lady Ambulance Officer N. Gr eenw ood resigned, 7.5.24

Keighley Corps (K ei g hley Nursing Division ).-Joseph Chalmers, M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H , to be Divisional Surgeon, 17·4·24

Nott ingham Corps (City Division ).-Am bulance Officer Louis Alfred Hallam to be Divisional Supt., 5-4.24

Teversal and Silverhall Dlvision , - To rman Douglas Todd to be Divisional Supt., 2·5 24

Thomas Wilham Machm to be Ambulance Officer, 2.524 Warsop Corps.-Corps Supt. E. Booker r'!s lgn ed, 7 524

NO.6 DISTRICT.

Harton Colliery Division.-Divisional Supt. J. H. Robson resigned, 5 5. 2 4

Hornsea Nursing D ivi sion.-Divis ional Surgeon H. D. Johns resigned, 29 424

Hull Corps (Argyle Divis io n ).-Francis John Davidson, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 14-4-24

Derwent Valley Corps (A nn field PlaID and District Division ).-Ambulance Officer Joseph Summerville to be Divisional Supt., 17 4.24

Newcastle-on-Tyne Corps ( City Division ) -Sergt. William Bishop to be Ambulance Offi c er, 2.5 2..J

North Durham Corps (Gat eshead Nursing Division ).Florence Mary Vincent-Davies to be Lady Divisional Supt., 14.4. 24

North Durham Corps (Gat eshead Police D ivision).Samuel Vernon Robinson, L.R.c.P.&S., L .R.F.P.&S., to be Divisional Surgeon, 54 24.

North Durham Corps ( Newcastle and Gateshead Gas Co Division ). -Sergt. Alexander McDonald to be Ambulance Officer, 2 5.24

NG. 7 DISTI CT.

Oswestry Nursing Division.-Lady Supt. G. \V illiams resigned, 7 -+ 24

NO.8 DI STRICT.

Folkestone Division.-Ellen Glynn Crawford to be Lady Divisional Supt., 15 424

Isle of Sheppey Division. - -Staff Sergt. Alfred Owen Reece to be Ambulance Officer, 14424

Isle of Sheppey ?\ur sing Division -Alice Maud Jenner to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 15424

Maidstone Nursing DivislOn.-Franc is Alice McPhee to be Lady D ivisio nal Supt., 15-4-24

Charles Pye Ol ig er Junr., M.A., M.B., B.Ch., M.R C.S., L.R.C.P., to be DiviSIonal Surgeon, 14424

NO.9 DISTRICT.

D orc hester D ivisi on.-Supt. R. C. ] ohnston transferred to Bath Division supernumerary to establishment, 5.5 2..J

Perranwell Division.-l\lajor James Ewing, L.M.S.S.A., to be Divisional Surgeon, 25.3.24

Plymouth Central Division.-Alexander Fitzgerald G. Guinness, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 21.4 2..J

Weymouth Div isi on.-Ambulance Officer Frank Alfred Tanner to be Divisional Supt., 15.5.24, vice H. Day transferred to Brigade Reserve.

Sergt. Edward Holmes to be Ambulance Officer, 1.5. 2 4

No. 10 DI STRIC T.

Haverhill Division.-Sergt. George Stanley Sco tt to be Divisional Supt., 14 4.24-

Alfred Horrrx to be Ambulance Offirer, f4-4- 2 ..J

No. II DISTRICT.

Victoria Station Div ision.-Supt. "V. C. Banks transferred to Brigade Reserve, 2..J._j..2..J

A Tn l<l TR'"'R JOHN AMBULANCE

Supt. C. W. Kersler

Division to command Victoria Station DIvIsion with effect from 244.24

NEW DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :Carcroft Division.-Sanctioned, 28.4.24 Bullcroft Main Corps.-Sanctioned, 29· 4. 24

DEATHS.

Sup. G. H enneker, Ashford Works Division, 15.4. 24 P. (Major-General), Acting Chief Commission'er. (Continued from page 25 I.)

clothing; head turned to one 5

2.-0n examination you find the patient unconscIOus, and the trousers of his right thigh saturated with blood. Also a compound fracture of middle of ri.g ht femur.

Shout for help ( None )

Head turned to one side, air passages clear ._-

Clothing to be quickly and freely ...

Enquiry as to second aid (Non e)

Examination of patient-Fac e (pa le), Eyes (s ens itiv e ), Pupils (equal), Breathing (quieq. (Qu estions will be answered to 10dlcate slIght wound back of head and concussion.)

Head (damp, sticky at back)

Temporary measures taken

Trunk (N o injuries)

Upper limbs (N o .inJur.i es )

Lower limbs ( No inJuries) (Exami nation must be careful, thorough, and systematic.)

Treatment of insensibility

Treatment of wound

Enquiry as to return of (Yes)

After-treatm ent, caution to patient 3 NO.3. NO.4 to assist.-This man bas h ad hiS hand severely crush ed between the rollers of a grinding machine. Treat him.

Position, support, patient to assist

Expose wound

Examination, enqUiry as to bleedin g (Yes)

Kind (Arterial) (seyere ) No elevation, no direct digital

Indirect pressure on R. and U., pOSitIOn, correctly :'lpplled

Enquiry as to arrest (N o )

Pressure on brachial-pOSitIOn, application

Enquiry as to arrest (Y es)

Maintaining pressure by Improvised

I mprovising tourniquet-pad, band, tWlstln.g. stick

Tourniquet correctly applied In correct pOSitIOn

Enquiry as to arrest NO.4 will treat the injury. NO.3 will assist him.

Avoiding contamination of wound

Enqu iry as to second aid

Cleanse wound-method, matenals

Apply iodine to surrounding parts, wound

Clean absorbent dressing, bghtly bandaged

Hand not clenched..

Enquiry as to bleeding ( under control)

Slacken tourni qu et, enquiry ( under control)

Leaving tourniquet in position

Splint, padding, position

Bandage applied correctly, pOSitIOn

Large arm sling

St. John sling after enquiry as to dan g er

Shock to be treated

No 5.-vVhat do you understand by the term

Poison ?" Give the general rules for the treatment of pOlsomng by a corrosive acid.

Definition

on his right shoulder. His arm is painful and useless ) but it is not so painful when he supports it. Treat him. Remove coat-method, manner 2

Unfasten brace on injured side

Examine shoulder-method, manner 3 (Qu estions will be answered to indicate fractured clavicle and braise of shoulder.)

Pad in armpit-size, position, application 3 Forearm bent, shoulder back ". 2 Enquiry as to comfort Apply St. John sling 3 Broad bandage-application, pOSitIOn 2

Relax body bandage, test pulse ( Present ) 3

Tighten sl ing

Enquiry as to comfort of patient ":

No. 2.- You find this man lymg qUite unconsc IOus alongside a goods wagon from which he has evidently fallen. Act as you would.

Medical assistance, &c.

No emetic; give alkali

I sensible, give milk, &c.

Strong tea...

Treat swelling of tissues of throat

Apply artificial repiration, &c.

Treat shock and collapse

Preserve any vomited matter, &c.

SOU THERN RAILWAY.

The final competition was held at the C e ntral Hall, Westminster on April 25th, the Judges b e ing Dr N, Corb et Fletcher and Dr. R Connon Robertson who the teams in the following order :-

I. S.E. Section (Bricklayers' Arms)

2. S.E. Section (H ither Green) .. .

3. L. & S.W. (Wimbledon)

4 . L.B. & S .C (P eckham Electric NO.1)

s. L. & S.W. (Wa terloo)

6. L.B. & S.C. (Peckham Electric No.2)

Marking sheets of this competition will in our n e xt issue.

PRIORY FOR

Brigade News.

APPOINTMENTS, APRIL, 1924.

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Ambulance Com mi ttee :-

C AR:'IIARTHENSI URE CENTRE.

Saron Division.-Dr. Lewis Evan Lynn Lewis, L.?lI.S S.A. (rJo nd .) to be Divisional Surgeon, 264 2 4

GLAMORG_\NSHIRE CENTRE.

Pontlottyn, Urithdir and Deri Corps.-Div isi onal Surgeon Ca pta in Gwilym Rhys Pennant, M.R.C.S.(Eng ), L.R.C.P. Lond)., to be Corps Surgeon, 26+24; Supt. David Henry Phillips to be Corps Supt., 26.4.24; Private Charles Mitchell hitt o to be Corps Treasurer, 26.4. 2 4 CENTRE.

Rhymney Valley Corps.-Divisional Supt. Albert Henry \Villiams to be Corps Supt., 26.,P4; Divisional Supt. Lewis Jo hn \Voods to be Corps Inspector of Stores, 26.4. 24c\p pointments and promotions sanctioned by the Commissioner for 'Vales :-

AI;ERDARE. CE.NTRE.

Aberdare Dlvision.-Private Victor 'Wheeler to be Divis'o nal Secretary, 124.:Q

Penrhiwceiber Division.-Private Archibald E. MainwarIng to be Divisional Storekeeper, 15.+ 2 4

GL.\:\[ORGANSH IRE CENTRE.

Divisional Supt. William Hares to be Staff Officer, 26424 CENTRE.

Abercarn Divisioo.-Private Thomas Dutton to be Divisio nal Storekeeper, 27.324

Oa kdale Division.-Private Joseph Hopkins to be Divisiona l Secretary, 10424; Private \Villiams Edwards to be Divisional Treasurer, IOA 24; Private \\'ilJiam Phillips to be Divisional Storekeeper, 10.4.24

BOROUGH OF NEWPORT CENTRE

Newport High-street Railway Division.-Sergt. John B ellew to be Ambulan ce Officer, 8424; Corpl. William James Harding to be Sergt, 8.4.24

CITY OF (;ARDIFF CENTRE.

Cardiff Emergency Division.-Private Henry George Fowler to be Corporal, 26.4.24

NEW CORPS AND DIVI SIONS

The following Corps and Divisions have been sanctioned d uring the month :GLAMORGANSHIRE CENTRE.

Pontlottyn, Brithdir and Deri Corps, comprising the Pontlo ttyn, Brithdir, Bargoed and Deri Ambulance Divisions. CARMARTHENSII IRE CENTRE.

Trimsaran Nursing Division. AHERDARE CENTRE.

:'Ilountain Ash G.\V.R. Ambulance Division.

WALES.

General Interest.

AMBULANCE DEPARTMENT.

During the month of April, examinations have been held in connection with the following classes ;-Pentre, Newport (High Street) G W.R., Llannon, Gresford Colliery, Abercynon, Penygraig G.W.R, Pontypridd G.W.R, Senghenydd (Men), Swansea ( Hafod ), Swansea Ambu)ancp, (Women), Swansea Nursing (Women, Gendros (Swansea), Brynhyfryd (Men), Brynhyflyd Nursing ( Women ), Brynhyfryd Ambulance (Women), Darentelen (Men), Darenfeiin (Women), Monmouth, Hollybush, Garth Maesteg (Women), Talgarth and Three Cocks G. W R, Kenfig Hill (Men), Neath G.W.R., Pentrepoth Nursing (Women), Pentrepoth Ambulance (Women), Tirdennaw Swansea, Ruabon G.W.R., Cwm Colliery Junior, Cwm, G.W.R Maesteg Central, Carmarthen L. M. & S R , Senghenydd (Women), Barry Dock G.W.R., Caerphilly G.\V.R., Upper Brynamrnan, Clarbe ston G. W.R, Trevor Awd Acrefair G W.R., Brynrnallv Colliery, Ab 3rsychan, Aberdare G.W.R., Bedlinog G.W.R., Cardiff (Splott), Aberbeeg G. W.R., Port Dinorwic, Cwmaman, Landore G. W. R., Cwm Colliery (Women), Skewen G.W.R., Bala G.W.R. j Newcastle Emlyn, Absrdovey, Deri, Rogerstone G.W R., Barrnouth Junction G W.R, L::ughor, Newport Junior, Usk, Mountain Ash. G.W.R, Lampeter G.W.R., Port Talbot G.W.R. (Docks), Llanidloes G.W.R, Llanelly, Brecon G.W.R, Tenby G W.R, Crumlyn Burrows, Maritime and Penrhiw, Brynmawr, Abergele, Abercarn, Garth Mafsteg (Men), Ynishir, Chirk, Aberystwyth G. W.R., Celynen Collieries, Neath G \V R. Engineering, Fishguard and Goodwick G. W.R, Bynea G. W. R., Burry Port, and tions have been held at Cwrnbran and Pontnewydd, Cwm Colliery, Brynna, Carnarvon L.M. & S R., Rhymney, and Pembroke Dock G.W.R.

WALES AT \VEM BL EY.

The first contin gent of twenty-five men and five nurses for duty at the British Empire Exhibition during the opening week was drawn from the following Amhulance Divisions :-Lhnelly (G.W.R.), Cross Hands, Ffaldau Institute and Gsrw, Nantymoel, Cefn Coed, Llwynypia, Oakdale, Cefneithyn, Llanelly Town and Penygroes, and the Parcyrhun, Welsbpool, Aberdart:: and Llanelly Nursing Divisions. Supt. J. E. \Vlliiams of the Llanelly Division was Officer-in-Charge.

To deal fairly with the hug e number of volunteers for duty at Wembley a Sub-Committee, representative of the various districts, was appointed, and the rotas for the August and Octob er periods alloted to the Priory, are now in course of preparation.

A limited number of Members in Wales will have the honour of attending the Empire Thanksgiving Service to be held in the Stadium of the British Empire Exhi.bition on Sunday, May 25th, 1924, at which His Mejesty the King,

Members of the Royal Family, Dominion Representatives, Dlplomatic Corps, etc., wlll be present. The Order will be represented by a contingent of one hundred memb-;rs.

At the request of the Mining Association of Great Britain,the Priory has lent one of its latest motor ambulance cars to complete the equipment of the Model Mine, and the ambulance now availabl e for public use in the Exhibition grounds was designed by the Priory for the headquarters of the Order in London.

PRIORY BALL.

Over 250 guests were aSSE mbled at the City Hall, Cardiff, on the night of Tuesday, April 22nd, for the Priory Ball. There was a distinguished gathering, and the assembly room present e d a brilliant spectacle. Music was provided by Newman and his L')ndon banel. The primary object of this annual blll is to bring the work of the Priory to the notice of the public. This year the event was a financial success, due to the able organisation of Capt. J. H. P. Bra;n, of Cwrt-y-rala, who was reFponsible for the arrangements.

PROPOSED CARNIVAL AND TRADES EXHIBITION.

At a meeting held in the Priory Room, L1W Courts , CathlYs Park, Cardiff, on Tuesday, April 15th, It was decided to hold a Carnival and Trade Exhioition from August 31st to September 7th inclusive, to augment th e funds of the Priory for Wales.

The Marquis of Bute has kindly allowed the Sophie Gardens to be used for this purpose, and a number of persons have volunteered their services.

A G:!neral Committee was appointej with Sir Herbert D. W. L'ewis, K. B.E, as Chairman, and Mr. Thomas Wait, VIce-Chairman Mr. Wait was unanimously elected organiser, and the able mann e r in which he has conducted previous undertaking" gives e,ery reason to hope that the carnival will be an unprecedentc.d sucCess.

Capt. F. P. Robathan, M.C, h'3.S b een appointed secretary, and Mr. E. Maberly, assistant secretary. Mr. George Hagley, of Mes'Hs. Lloyds Bank, Ltd., has cons'3nted to be hon. treasur er ; Mr. Thomas H. Jones, accountant to the Priory for Wales, will b5 acting treasurer, and Mr. E. C. C. Hennessy, assistant treasurer, A Ladi es' Committee with L'3.dy (Herbert) Lewis, O.B.E., as chairman, will organise the stalls and tak e charge of the refreshments.

QUARTERLY MEETING OF THE BRIGADE STAFF

The Commissioner for Wales presided over a large gathering of am bulance and nursing members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in Wales at Cardiff on Slturday, April 5th.

Among those present were ;-Captai n T. E. Richards, Commissioner, Borough of Rhondda Centre, Mr. E. D. Jon e s, Sub-Commissiomr, Carmarthenshire Centre, Mr. C. T. Hurry Riches, Sub-CommissionE.r, Caerphilly SubDistrict, Dr. S Glanville Morris, Surgeon, Borough of Rhondda Centre, Lady Staff Officer, Mrs . M. Riches, Staff Officers Mr. Hugh S. Cann, Mr. Bernard E. Maberly, Mr. George Payne', Mr_ W. Goddard, Captain S. T. Beard, O.B.E., Mr. J. H. and Mr. J. H. H ili. A Sub-Lommilt s e was appointed t n prepare a rota for public duty at We mbley during the periods of April 21st to 26th inclusive, August 2nd to 9th inclusive, and October 18th to 25th inclusive, if required.

It was decided not to organise a Brigade Camp of Instruction for the Brigade in Wales this year, but Corps or D ivisional Camps may be arranged, if desired, with th e

permission in writing of the Commissioners and the Commissioner for

In addition to a great many questions affecting ambulance work in the various dis:ricts, proposed modifications to the uniforms were also discussed, and certain types of Handkerchief Ca ps and soft turn-down to bE: worn by nurses when on indoor duty, were approved.

Centre Reports.

CITY OF CARDIFF CENTRE.

THE competition for the "Wyndham Ivor Radcliffe" Challenge Cup and Medal was conducted at th e Cardiff G W.R. Passenger Station, on April 9t h, 19l4.

The contest, which is open to the members of the Cardi ff G. W. R. Passenger Staff who hold a First-Aid Certificat e of the Order of St. John, was judged by Dr. W. G . Williams and Dr. Edgar Llew e llvn, both of Cardiff, and the successful competitor was Inspector H. W. Rosser, " Corbiere," Dndy, Magor, Mon.

ABERDARE CENTRE.

Th e re was a large attendance at the Duffcyn chools, Mountain Ash, on Saturday, April 51h, 1924, wh e n the annual competitions of the Cynon Vall e y Corp, for the " Milne" Cup, "Ogilvie" Cup, and th e" Gomer Davies" Challenge Shield were held

The first competition was for the" Gomfr Davies" Shield. The judg t' , Dr. R. F. Thomas, in his ad ju dication stat ed t h3.t the com?etition was very k ee n, and tlad given him much pleasur e He awarded the following marks ;-

-FIRST

in succession. The competition was a very keen one, and each DIvision in the Cynon Valley Corps had entered a team. The theory was taken by Dr. R. F. Thomas, while Dr. Robertson judged the practical. It was for a team of six in charge and five privates), and this new co?dltlOn also to the" Liandi'lam "Shield (premier shIeld for Wales) so that the winners of the Milne Bowl could compete for the latter at Cardiff. Be fore giving the of the Dr. Robertson emphasised the Importance of the practical case given, and that each tf'am should be observant and give hcemorrhage their first and prompt attention. The result was as follows ;-

Name of Team Theory Practical Total Aberdare (No.2) 68 86 154

Aberdare (No. I) 66 82 148

Penrhiwceiber (No. r) 47 84 131

Abercynnn 84 65 149

Thus Mountain Ash became holders for the second time, and the d e cision was received with acclamation.

. Mrs. Hall, of Mr. George H. Hall, M.P., in presentIng the MountaIn Ash squad with the Milne Bowl, said she was pleased with the work done, and it gave h;;r great pleasure to over the bowl to the captain, Officer Webb. She also pInned a medal upon each of the individual members

Sister Evans, of th e Mountain Ash Cottag e Hospit a l, presented the" Ogilvie" Cup and medals to the captain of the Aberdare squad, on behalf of Miss Hettie Davies, the matron of the hospital, who was unable to be present.

Mr. Harry Morris, of the Rescue Station Aberaman one of the" fathers" of ambulance work in' the valley: presented the winning ladies team with the "Gomer Davies" Shield.

A I D.-

won by Miss Muriel Foy, of 30, Skttty-road, D plands, a member of the Trinity-place Evening School Class. Mrs. (Dr.) Woodside and Nurse Richards judged this competition.

In the Truscott Shield for Men four teams competed, the winners being the G. W.R. (Swansea) NO.1 te am with S.:rgt. John Legg of the Brynhyfryd Ambulance Division as captain. The adjudicators, Dr. J. S. L. Roberts and Dr. H. R. Tighe, we re assisted in the individual work by Dr. Urban Marks, Commissioner of the Swansea Borough Centre, Dr. J. Woodside and Dr. \V. H . All arrang t ments for the competitions were carried out by the Hon. Secretary of the Swansea Borough Ctntrp, Staff Officer Hugh S. Cann.

The f' nterprise of the officers and m e mbers Lf the Swansea Centre has rtsulted in a brass band being organised. Staff ·Officer T. J. Morris, has worked with great enthusiasm towards this aim, and is m'linly reponsibl e for the splendid result.

BOROUGH OF RHONDDA CENTRE.

The Mountain Ash squad who wer e the holders, again became possessors of the Shield. Th e captain was Mrs. Gom e r Davies, Supt., Mountain Ash ?\- ursing Division.

In the comp eti tion for the" Ogilvie" Cup nine teams entered (all of whom had not been mem bers of ambulance divisions for more than 24 months). The judge, Dr. Rob e rtson, Cwmparc, ;n hiS adjudication, stat e d he was quite satisfied with the work done, and hoped that those t eam s who were not successful this year, would still pers eve re and try to win next year. He awarded marks as follows :-

Name of Team Theory Practical Total

Aberdare (N o. 2) 7 2 82A- r

Cwmaman (A) 56 r09 !

Abercynon ( o. 2) 64 94 r 58-

Aberaman ( TO 1) 84 95 I79

Aberaman (No.2) 50 63 II')

Abercynon ( No. I ) 48 128

Cwmaman ( 8 ) 78 79 157

Aberd;ire ( No I ) 92 88 r80

Penrhiwceiber 59 87 146

The cup, th erefore, changed hands from the Abercynon Division to the Aberdare Division, who were the holders on a previous occasion, when they beat Aberaman by a single point.

1 he chi e f event was the comp e tition for the" Milne" Cup. Mountain Ash were th e hold e rs for the ye ar, having secur ed it from Aberarnan, who had won it for two years

J?r. Ogilvie moved a vote of thanks to th e judges, who, he saId, had worked very hard, and should have been assi sted by a least another judge; to the local centre for the successful way the competition was handl e d, to Mrs. Geo .. Sister Evans, and Mr. Harry Morris, to the Mr. Gomer Davies, and the organising com.mlttee. About two years a1:,o, he d ec lared in conclUSIOn, only about four teams comp : ttd, but that day, 23 (124 nurses and men), had taken part in the co.mp.etltlons. The vote was carried in the usual way, brmglng to a close six and-a -half hours' successful am bulance work by the Cynon Valley Corps.

BOROUGH OF SWAN SEA CENTRE.

The Annual Ambulance .lnd Nursing Competitions of the Swansea Centre wer e held at DyfaUy Council School on Saturday 12th April, with tht following results;-

Nurse Edith Cavell Silver Rose Bowl for Girls under 16 years.-14 squads competed, the winners being the 6th Swansea (Christ Church) Girl Guides. This troop having won the trophy three times becomt the permanent possessors. It should be added that th e four squads which from this troop took the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th th e cO.mpetition, thus reflecting great credit upon the Ir traIner, MiSS E. M. Leonard. The adjudicators were Staff Officer W. H. Fisher and John Evans, of the Brynhyfryd Ambulance Division.

Baldwin's Ambulance Class Challenge Shield for Boys under 16 yeals.-Divisional Surgeon Dr. J. Woodside an d Capt. D. J. Workman, supt. of L.M. & S. (Swansfa) Ambulance DIvision adjudicated in this contest, when four squads competed and Tumbie No. I team, trained by Cor ps Sec. J. R. D n-ies, came first, giving great satisfactIO n to the judge.

The Dr. M. W. Williams Silver Cup for nurses was

The female home-nursim; and first -aid class e s organised by the L'ldy Supt., Mrs. J. Payne, in connection with th e Llwynypia Nursmg Division, have had a successful season, which terminated on Wednesday, when an examination was conducted by Staff-Surgeon Dr. De Vere Hunt, Cardiff. There were twenty-thr ee students, all of whom passed. This result refl ects great credit upon the lecturer (Dr. C. Bryan, F . R.C S.), the demonstrator (Staff-Officer George Payne), the organizer ( Lady Supt. Mrs. Payne), ann the Secretary (Yl iss Abraham) The results are as follows :-First A IG. and Home Nursing (label, medallion and pendant ). Mrs Jane Payne, Miss Janet Abraham, Mrs. Laura Jones, Mrs. Lilian Mary Bunford, Miss Agnes Anni e Jenkins, Miss Ellen Mary Morgan, Miss Margaret Ann Price, Mrs. EliHbcth Ann Pope (medallion in FirstAid), First Aid and H,)me-Nursing (certificates)-Misses Madge Payne, Eirlys Davies, Ray Morgan, Ethel Morgan, Gl adys Morgan, Pt,y llis Mary Wilkins, Elizabeth Jones, ElIzabeth Ann Fry, Eveline Margaret Davies, Meta Price, Blodwen Switen, Sarah Cole, Rosie Evans, dnd Evelyn Miller, and Mrs. Laura Baber .

Ambulance work in Penygraig and Mid-Rhondda has received a stimulus by activities of its in organising weekly whist drives, which are held at the Ac;s e mbly Rooms of tre Lahc"r Club, Penygraig. Tbe proce e ds of these are to be devoted to the erection of a suitable building as headquarters for the local divisions, Staff-Officer George Payne Lady Supt. Mrs. Payne, Miss J e nn e tt Abraham, Divisional S Blundre d, and others are indefatigable in their efforts to further the growth of First-Aid in Mid -Rhondda.

An eliminating comp etition held at Porth Police Court on Saturday, April J 9th, to select teams to re present the centr e at Cardiff on 3rd May in the annual competition for the "Llandinam" Chall e nge Shield. Dr. Ogilvie (Aberdare) and Dr Baird Milne (Mountain Ash) were the judges. The results wer e as follows ;-

Name of Team Oral Practical Total

L1wynypia 83 74 157

Tylorstown 78 78 156

Ferndale ( NO 1) 77 72 149

Naval and Penygraig 64 7 t 135t Ferndale (No.2) 57 70 127

The arrang ements wer e admirably carried out by Staff Officer Geo. Payn e , under the supervision of Captain T. E. Richards, Borough Commissioner. Refreshments for the judges and visitors wer e provide-d for by Lady Supt. Mrs. J. Payne and her nursts.

-FIRST

The annual competltlOn for the Oliver" Challenge Cup, which is open to teams of members connected with the Cambrian Combine Collieries, will be held at the Baths, Llwynpia, on Saturday, May 17lh, at 6 p.m_ Dr. J. E. Brereton (Coedely) has been appointed ajudicator, and the winning team will receive gold m e dals, pre:!s c nted by H. H. Evans, Esq., J.P., general manager, Cambrian Combine Collieries.

On .June 28th, the" Peter Haig Thomas" Challenge ShIeld Will be contested by teams from divisions connected with the Cambrian Combine. Messrs. D. Davis & and the Welsh Navigation Collieries, at the Cwmlai Council Schools, Tonyrefail. The judges will be Dr. Urban Marks (Swansea) and Dr. J. M. Wilson (Aberdare). Gold medals (the gift of H H. Evans, Esq , J.P .) will be presented to the winners of the shield, and the second team will receive silver medals.

It is hoped that Sir D R Llewellyn will preside on this occasion and that Lady Llewellyn will present the trophies. The teams and officials will be e ntertain e d to by th e Glamorgan Coal Company after the competltlOn.

News in Brief.

Arrangements are being made for the Brigade personnel of th e Priory to undertake the am bulance duties at the Royal Agricultural Show to be held at Bridgend on July 23rd, 24th and 25th.

The funeral of Dr. John Dickie, th e Surgeon of the and. District Corps, took place on April stb, at Pansh Churchyard. H ea ding the cort ege was a contmgent of the local members of the Bligade , h among w om the loss of the late doctor, who had done good work professionally and in connection with the exservice men, is deeply r e gretted.

The necessary ambulance arrangements in connection with the Cardiff Royal Infirmary Fete to be held in the Sophia Gardens and Field from June 7th to 15th will be carried out by the Priory.

of the Carmarthenshire Centre hope to orgamse sometHne next year a St. John Pageant. As a preliminary preparation, a visit to Wembley will be made to see the display at the British Empire Exhibition.

Mrs. E. Browning, Lady Superintendent of the Cwm Colliery Nursing Division, has been specially commended for her prompt and efficient First AId treatment when called upon to attend a resident of Beddau, whose life was imperilled by severe hemorrhage.

Ambulance work in Tylorstown has received a substantial loss in the departure of Mr. George Elms late Sergeant and Divisional Secretary of the Division, to take up duties as und er-manager of the Collieries in und e r the East Indian Railway Company. A man of Industry and perseverance, he found time to devote to the propagation of ambulance work. For many years he has taught !irst Aid to large numbers of students, and holds the SerVIC e Medal of the Ord e r. There is no doubt that his great interest will again ass e rt itself in his new e?vironment, where the work is greatly appreciated and there IS tr e mendous scope for development.

Our Essay Competition (2).

QUESTION.

Describe fullY the personal advantages whiclz have resulted to First -Aiders from the study and p ractice of First-Aid.

REPORT OF EXAMINERS.

We have had difficulty in selecting th e two Prize Essays from the large number of excellent papers submitted. After much consideration, however, we ar e agreed in awarding first place to Essay No. 124 and second place to Essay No. {I6. Further, we consider that Essay No. 29 is worthy of publication as a most interesting and very hum.1n document.

(Signed) N. COR BET FLETCH5:R.

W. ARTHUR REES.

RE SULT OF COMPETITION

In accordance with tht- decisions of the two DoctorJudges given above, we herewith declare tha t Essay No. [24 was sent in by Mrs. Myrtle Mann, 17, Ford Park-road, Matley, Plymouth, and Essay No. Il6 by Miss E. Pari iogton, 26, Brackenbury-road, Preston, Lancs. These competitors are, in accordance with our offc:r, awarded the Home Office FIrst-Aid Cabinets as first and second prizes. Moreover, we offer our best thanks to the doctors who have conducted this competit ion.

(Signed) THE EDITORS.

Personal Advantages of First-Aid.

PRIZE ESSAY.

By MRS MYRTLE MANN.

THE personal advantages which have result e d to FirstAiders from the study and practice 01 First Aid are many, and of highest impol tance.

For convenience, they may be roughly classified into three sections; I, Material, or Physical, 2, Mental, or educative, 3, lIIoral, ethical, or ::esthetic.

1. MATERIA L, OR PHYSICAL.

Study of FIrst Aid results in the acquisition of valuable knowledge which enables one to deal with accidents, and promotes dexterity (one of the eight points), in applying this knowledge efficiently.

It also inculcates the ability tJ maintain a serenity in times of panic, and produces a seljconfidence of the right kind, whIch inspires the confidcnce and n::sp ec( of bystanders, and as the outcome of this responsibility brings about the growth of a " noblesse oblige" attitude.

The value of competition work in its turn often provides excellent practice of the best means of dealing with sptcific cases and so with the various contingencies of life.

Study of First Aid serves as an additional qualification and as an asset in life, since it opens up a WIder field of work, even if used only to aid pursuit of means of livelihood only. It brings with it social intercourse with all kinds of people-and the broadening effect of this on one's personal views and opinIons.

The study of First Aid is often followed by the friendships made with fellow workers, and sometimes with patients who have actually been under one's treatment.

May, • (F4· -FIRST

Further, First Aid possesses a recreational value especially when it is thoroughly different in character from one's daily work; and one derives the pleasure, and benefit of volunt ary as contrasted with involuntary work.

2. MENTAL, OR EDUCATIVE.

The excellent lectures given by doctors with their resultant benefits to one's education is another advantage derived, together with the stimulus of these to go further in the study of the body than is strictly necessary, where by intellectual culture is acquired.

Again, study of First Aid causes development o.f powers of organisation (as in managing crowds, and in making members of such useful) no less than the growth of adminz'strative ab£iity,-to write particulars of cases dtalt with in the official log-book,-to send messages for medical help in the briefest, yet completest way,-with explicitness, another o f the eight points.

Alertness of mind also is gained in grasping situations qui ckly, clue to sudden and rapid decisions necessary in First-Aid work when success depends on these first steps.

Again, study of First Aid emphasises value of examinations where one is faced with just such conditions as in real cases; and carries with it the sustained efficiency through these being held annually.

Resource, obfervatioo, and discrimination, -these points come under this heading-are always rewarded by the development of brain-power through such because usage prevents atrophy.

Competition WOI k aids this, since it is the team of keenest intelligence which usuaJ1y wins through its anticipation of every possible contingency.

Then there is the fascinating stimulus to improvisation which follows constructive ability gained by almost unconsciously working out correct procedure for treatment when readiog cf accidents reported in

Again, study of FIrst Aid produces the recognition of the untold value of common sense and the growth of perseverance, (another point), since the First-Aider never aba ndons a case and all resources must be exploited until medical help arrives.

Agam, it caus e; the cultivation of a broadminded tolerance due to atkndance at public functIOns cc.nducted by various reli gi ous sects, and polilical parties ; and it develops a wise restraint, when, in such circumstances the Fi rst -Aider must be neutraL

3 MORA L ETHICAL, OR AE STH ETIC _

Among advantages from study of First Aid is the conviction that First Aid is cf the hti;lzest social se rvice; and the acquired personal experience that help given to others hrings happin ess t o the lze.j;er-because "it is better to give than to receive."

First Aid also may secure the joy of gratitude shown by those who received treatment; and it txperiences the app re ciation of social freely given by many doctors out of their limited leisure-time, in helping FirstAiders.

Fin.t Aid also leads one often to discover sympathy and devotion in all walks of life, and causes us tv note the noble struggles in many places to make the best of eVErything in most unpromising circumstances.

It helps one to appreciate the help and c:ffici e ncy of the policf", and the willing kindness of onlookers in accidents, while it affords the delight 0/ working in a perfectly democratic association, where religious creed, political party, or social status make no difference in aims.

Further, the First-Aider is io line with the modern

end of education, since by good employmen t of his leisure time', he avoids deterioration of character and recognises the value oj discipline,-the law of duty. He is thereby enabled to do the part assigned, however small, in order to make the whole perft:ct, and to gain the esprit-de-corps, or sportsmanlike attitude so necessary in a corporate body, towards which competition work and and annual inspections play their parts.

The remaining two points, "Sympathy" and "Tact 11 promote a practical form of where also accurate knowledge of human nature is gained.

Nor would I omit the healthy blow to one's personal vanity occasionally received when in a well-brmhed uniform on duty at a public reception the First Aider is ask e d the way to the smoke -room, or is offered a fare on a tramcar when on his way to public duty

First Aid Cupboards at Messrs. J. 5. Fry and Sons, Ltd., Factory.

THE new First Aid Cupboards adopted by J. S. Fry & Sons, Ltd., Bristol, and made by Perry & Fudge of Haymarket, Bristol, are the outcome of practical knowledge and observation by members of J. S. Fry & Sons, Ltd., division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

To resist varying temp e ratures it is made of tinned

steel sheet, and is stove enamelled whitt'. Inside, all corners and crevices are rounded off, and its joints being sweated together, allow no harbour for dust to accumulatE'. The door, when open, forms a tablet for the attendant's

use, and is strengthened with sheet asbestos. The glass shelves allow easy cl e aning, and any dust can be readily detected.

At the bottom of the back are shown the names of ambulance members usually engaged within easy reach of that particular cupboard, should their s e rvic e s be required.

A I D- May, 19:0.4.

invalided out, say a year or two before the armistice, lost some years of service. By the way, the territorial authorities counted mobilised service as double for the efficiency medals. Why cannot the brigade authorities do likewlse.-Yours, etc., H ].

SAUNDER S

SIR,-I quite agree with the writer on the in your April issue, but it should be for all the and men who were in the reserves when war broke out, and answered the St. John's call to the colours. I consider every St. John 's man who answered should have a token from St. John 's in some shape or form the majority of men ha 'i e been expecting a medal of some kind. You ask where are the funds coming from; Is it a fact that St. John 's obtained 2d. per day for the men all the while they were up. I should l ike to be clear on this point for it is common talk that they did but I ca nnot prove it because I have not seen It in print.

If they cannot give a special medal why not allow the time they weI e up to count double, the same as the navy. Surely everybody is proud of the call of the St. John's, and their work ex c elled more than the St. Johns' officers expe ct ed .-Yours, et c. S. W. L.

[There is no truth in the statement made that the Order of St. John received 2d. per day from the Government for ea ch man recruited through the brigade. In fact the order arranged the whole of the reserve and paid for its aaministration from its own funds]' -ED.

THE V.A.D. SCHEME.

SIR-

It'> equipment capable of any emerge ncy, an d it is doubtful if a ill ::lrc complete "First Aid" cupboard can be found in any other factory to-day.

fetters to the

.

We are ;" "0 way restlJ"sibie for the ojJ;"io"s expreJIea, or the stateme"ts made, b, Conespondents.-EDITOR.

A MEDAL FOR HOME SERVICE DURING THE WAR.

SIR,-I quite agree with what G E. L. says, in the April issue. r t seems grossly unfair, to put it mildly, that the men of the S.J.A.B., who gave their time to learn their work, and gave their invaluable servi c es to the country at a cntical time, should not receive recog ni tion. r t is not so likely that the men who formed the M.H.H.R. will be silly enough to bind themselves down to other reserves. It is a case of" once bit, twice shy."

The authorities must reward the men, if they expect them to offer themselves for service in another emergency; and then, again, this was about the only body which received no mobilisation bounty, which I would say they were clearly entitled to. It has been said that the brigade authorities have tried to get the recognition and failed. There is one thing they could do, however, that is to allow the men's service to be recorded as efficient from the time they were discharged from the army, to the time they were able to rejoin their divisions. This was often impossible owing to the bulk of the men being on active service; thelefore the men, who were

Hospital 14 cases of severe dermatitis, due to contact with powder from bombs dropped in the East End of London on the 13th inst. The majority of the patients were workpeople, handling material whic.h had been impregnated with dust from the explosion. In two cases the feet were affected irritant matter in this street. In one case simply handlm.g powder picked up was the cause. The characters of thiS eruption was exactly similar in all cases. On the hands, the palms and fingers were stained a deep orange colour, and inflamed area was covered with closely-set muscles, i n some instances confluent. The hands were very swollen and movement impaired. The patient s complained of intense burning and irritation. "A point of special interest is that the vesicular dermatitis began in nearly every instance on the 9th day after the first contact with the powder. I venture to send this note of warning, that it is dangerous to handle the powder or any material impregnated with the powder. In some of the patients the condition is already septic." Note : This is what liaS been once again will be, only a million times worse. Remember this war, 619 killed and 1,650 injured by Gotha raids on England.

I have told you all this, as it appears to me that all ambulance workers should know what they might have to deal with, only worse, within a few flOurs of the outbreak of the next war. -Yours, sincerely. E. ].

A r APl'EAL FOR HELP.

AID.-=

SAVED BY HER SON.

An elderly woman was one night found by her son kneeling beside her bed in the attitude of prayer-not breathing and blue in the face. The son immediately placed his mother on her back in recumbent position, explored her mouth and discovered a plate of false teeth lodged firmly at the back of her throat.

These he extracted with difficulty. Then without delay be commenced Schafer s Artificial Respiration, with the satisfactory result that breathing was re-established within a few minutes, and patient's life was saved.-D. C.. Croydon.

Reviews,

MAN 'S MENTAL EVOLUTION, PAST AND FUTURE

By Harry]. Campbell, M.D. London; BaUiere, Tindall & Cox. Price 3s. 6d. net.

To those who give thought to the past history of mankind, this essay will prove most interesting, and will probably encourage them to extend their knowledge by reading larger and more advanced text-books. As an introduction to the subject this book is well written, plain in its diction and easy to read.

,

I n looking through the new V.A. D. Scheme several points appear likely to adversely affect Brigade Units; for instance the limitation of the numbers of men in a Detachment to 48 (w hich may include mobile and immobile members) is a distinct weakness. Let me assume that there are J6 mobile members called up-the balance of 32 members are required for unloadIng a convoy of 100 stretcher cases and to undertake night work in a V.A. D. Hospital as orderlies, what possible chance is there of such work being carried out effic ientl y by so small a number It would not be possible to recruit and train 16 men for such duties under some weeks. I f however s'lpernumaries were allowed under the Scheme as was permitted in the old regulations (R eg. V A.D.JR. ]9(3)thevacanciescould be imm ediately filled with trained men. This method was proven to be a great adv antage on the outbreak of Great War in my own exper ience, and the subsequent enlargement of the Detachment to 140 men enabled the V.A. D. ( 10 conjunction with two other V.A.D.'s of similar size later on) to maintain a staff of nil;ht orderlies, unload naval and military trains and deal with airraid casualties.

The addition of an Assistant Commandant to the quota of officers is an improvement but insufficient. In actual practise a Division of 48 members would have no vacancy ; n a Detachment tor one or two officers, the quota should be I consider alike in a Division and a Detachment.

There are other disadvantages and also obvious improvements in the Scheme but I fear that I cannot trespass further on your columns at the moment.- Yours truly,

"AIR DEFENCES AND OUR AMBULANSE RESERVE ."

S1 R, - I am very much interested in your correspondent's letter "Air Defences and our Ambulance Reserve," p. 200. FmST AID, March, ]924. Your correspondent, G. E. Dane, has struck a most important note, evidently one of the few who realises that when the next attack of insanity, called war, overtakes the world. we shall be beyond first aid.

To emphasize this I send you a letter from Miss C. Sequeria sister of Dr. J. H. Sequeria, physician-in-charge of the skin department of the London Hospital, who wrote the following letter that appeared in nearly every paper on July 5th, 19 1 7.

On Tuesday, June 1917, I saw at the London

SIR, On Sunday, <;lth September, 1923, at about 11.40 a.m., while cycling at the "G eor ge" Hill, Morden, Surrey, I was knocked down and severely injured by a motor-cycle combination. \"hile I remained unconscious, a motor cyclist, said to be a St. John Ambulance offiCial, arrived, and procured a doctor for my assistance. The motor cyclis t then disappeared; and, though many enquiries have been made, has not yet been traced. r believe that he might prove a valuable witness fur me, as the lack of such prevents me from obtaining compensation.

The suggestion has been made to me that your valuable publication would help to discover the gentleman sought.

Hoping for your kind consideratio n.

II Heath \'lilas, Yours, etc , Cargill-road, ALllERT ]. SnfPSON. Earlsfield, S.W.18.

3>oints.

The Editor invites Notes on actuaL Cases-with speciat re/ermce to /{ood and bad floints in 7 reatmult-jor i1zcLusion itt this Colu1Jm.

S;\\lW llY HIS FATHER.

A man with his wife and two bC'ys, was in a holiday crowd near the river. He lost tOllch With his family for a few minutes, and then suddenly noticed two small legs sticking up in the river where the water was twenty feet deep.

Without hesitation he jumped into the water fully dressed and with considerable difficulty succeeded in getting a child to the river bank-to find that he had rescued his own small son, aged five years, who quickly recovered from the effects of his imm ersion.-W. P., Walton-an-Thames

SAVED BY HER HE EL

A woman, skylarking on a pier, stood on a parapet and stumbled. Fortunately for her, the high heel of one of her shoes caught in the railings; and she hung suspended over the sea, head downwards, for some minutes.

Then she managed to sei ze a strut of the pier with her hands and to release her heel She screamed f(lr help (which was soon forthcoming ) and was quickly hauled up to safety, none the worst! for her perilous adventure.-S.N., South endon-Sea.

Perhaps to lay men and women the sections on " Clzan,g-es in Environment" and" Factors w/zich determine the evolution of man" will prove the most interesting. Fish, according to Dr. Campbell, are probably no more intelligent than they were millions of years ago. Birds, however, have definitely improved, and, working up the scale, animals and monkeys are generally more intelligent. Further, man himselfhas improved mentally by contrast with his pre-historic ancestors, although we personally are of the opinion that a high average of intelligence was necessary for the primitive man to have produced the instruments and other appliances, whicb he actually d id, from the materials then known.

HEALTH BUILDING AND LIFE EXTENSION

By EUGENE LYMAN FI SK M.D.

The MacMillan Company. Pn'ce I6s.

To those interested in Health and Social Welfare this book will prove attractive It is packed with statist ical facts; and its figures, as they are, are more readily understood by reason of its many excellent diagrams. Dr. Fisk does not preach from any pronounced standpoint of Prohibition, although he, like many of us, favours a lesser alcoholic consl1mption. He finds that U.S.A. is in a bad way from the point of view of its Industrial who are not so well cared for in matters their health as are their fellows here and he states that, in his opinion, the much-debated I nsurance Act is of great use in keeping down prolonged illness in this country.

Dr. Fisk points out that, though the death-rate for this country and for U.S.A. is lower than it has ever been, yet the saving is in the earlier (1-5 years), and not in the latter years of life, expectation of which is now three years longer than it was a century ago. This means that the saving is not in the productive years. He finds also that in both countries large numbers are old at 40 years when they should be in prime of life; and he considers that heredity and environment have a great deal to do with this state of things, although he believes that, with the awakening of the public conscience on "care of children," " better housing," and" teaching of healthy living, " the future generations will be AI instead of C3.

The chapters on Deficien cy of Food and Excess of Food are most interesting. So again is the discussion on Venereal Disease, with which, according to certain fanatical propagandists, 50 per cent. of the civil population is affected! Dr. Fisk finds that 5 per cent. is the correct figure for both countries.

-FIRST

Speci 11 teaching on certain diseases is still required; but bad teeth with resulting infections (am ong which are preeminently defective vision and rheumatism) provide potent causes of chronic ill-health. These faults can be (a nd are being ) remedied during school age; but Dr. Fisk calls for more popular instruction especially with reference to the socalled minor diseases and deficiencies which cause more general ill·health.

In conclusion, Dr. Fisk favours a general overhaul of each individual once a year, advice which, if adopted, would make the world healthier and happier ; and he sets out a valuable dictum-C' Better Retain, than Regain."

and J\nswet's to eot't'8spondents.

2ueries flJill be dealt fIJi/is nder tis, jD.tDflJing rNles:-

r. -Letters containin!, QNeries mNst be marked on tlse top lelt Isana corner 0/ tke envelope "Quer7," and addressed-FIRsT AID, 46, London, E.C.4.

:I. -A II Queries must be accompanied b7 a " Quer7 Coupon" cut frol1 tke current issue of the Journal, or in care 01 Queries Irom abroar Irom a recent issue.

Textbook, fo whick relerence may be made in tkese columnJ is the 36th (I920) Edition 01 S.lA.A. Manual of First-Aid.

REALISM IN COMPETITION.

G W. (Ca nterbury ) :-1 know that you like a joke and that you are among those who insist on staging Competition Tests as near to actual conditions as is possible. The following true story, therefore, may prove i nteresting and amusing to you and the readers of FIRST AID.

In the Team Test of a Competition held recently in this city a postman was supposed to have been knocked down and injured by a drunken man. The captain of one team making proper use of the" bystander," told him to go inform the officials of the Post Office that a postman had been knocked down in the street and rendered incaoable of duty and to suggest that a relief should be sent 'without delay.

The" bystander " disappeared from the Competition Room and was forgotten until some twenty minutes later he suddenly re-appeared and announced that he had duly conveyed the message to the Central Post Office and that the postal officials were taking appropriate action.

On hearing this astounding piece of news , a member of the Execntive Co mmittee proceeded to the Central Office in his turn and learned that the" bystander II had in truth reported the accident and that a bed had been actually reserved by telephone in the local hospital for the injured man whose arrival was even then anxiously awaited! !

Truly-truth is stranger than fiction! and here at last is an example of Realism in Competition! !

Good! Next please ! !-N COR BET FLETCHER.

At 0.-

quently we submit the point for your kind consideration and decision.

your problem is an easy one because for obvious reasons the fractured tibia is the more serious injury. So, as you say, treat the wound first and then control the fractured ibia in the usual way. By so doing, you k'!ep the leg and thereby prevent all possibility of further separation of the fragments of the broken patella. Alternatively -and if you want to be extra careful as, for example, with a patient known to be an epileptic -yo u could treat the wound, then the fractured patella (omitti ng only the instruction to "straighten and raise im b "), and finally the broken tibia. -N.C .F.

E XAMI ATlON HOWLER.

M. R. (Ca nnon Street).-Asked i.1 recent competition to give "a list of the Narcotic Poisons," one candidate gave the following answer-" OpiuJJl , Prussic Acid, Sb yc!mine, Methylated Spin'ts and other demulcent drin/;-s."-Oh, Horrors!

Good! Next, please ! !-N.C.F.

ANOTHER ATION HOWLER.

G. J. (Y ork).-In a recent examination a candidate was asked - It How maya man be concussed or stunned?" He replied -Ill tltree 'Ways- inherit ed, constitutional and acquired. " Asked to give an example of "Constitutional Concussion or Stunning," he replied-" If/hell a JJllZllpids up ltis newspaper ami reads 0/ the death 0/ his lIlo'her-inlaw." You should have heard the roar which greeted this muddli ng of the causes of Shock and Concussion, and this example of one of the Mental C'luses of Shock as given in the Textbook ( p. 142) _,I Sudden remo'llal 0/ lem and anxiety after p,oloJ1.!ied suspense." This is a true story!

Without your final sentence as an affidavit, [ would not dare to write-" Good: Next please! !"-N.C.F

TREATM E NT 01<' I NSENSIEILITV.

M.B. (Buckingham).-Rec ently I read through the detailed sheet of a test in which marks were given for "first test power of swallowine,." Please advise what tests should be applied, as I can find no reference thereto in the Texthook.

Read your Textbook again and note particlllarly the first line of p. I44 under th e "Special Treatment of Shock, etc,N.C.F.

ETHIC S OF FIR ST AID.

W. S. (Blai na) :-A man, injured underground, has been treated by an ambulance man and brought by him to the ambulance room at the top of the pit. Who should then take charge until medical assistance arrives-the man who commenced treatment 01' the man in charge of ambulance room ?

-FIRST

getting cold!! If he is not, then you will have a chance of putting your qualifications of a First·Aider nto practice. Further, local conditiuns may solve your problem by requiring you to hand over patient. Indeed, the Home Offi c e Regulations-where these apply-favour the plan of making one man responsible for emerger. cy treatment, care of appliances, &c. In any case, you kno w whether or no you are the more "responsible " First-Aider; and, when you know that the other man is a more efficient First-Aider than yourself you should give way and stand by to help him.-N.C.F.

COMPOUND COMPLICATED FRACTURE OF T IBIA.

F. A. ( Wilnecote ).-P lease solve for us a recent Competition Team Test, in which a man during an Epileptic Fit, falls off a cart and is run over by a motor lorry. He is found lying on his face between the of has his right leg doubled up under him, the IOJury beIng a Compound Complicated Fracture of Tibia.

Provided that you do not want a detailed marking sheet drawn up on facts which you do not provide-the solution is easy. Protect patient from further injury on

(1) convulsive movements dUrIng fits and (2 ) pOSItIOn between wheels of lorry. Treat fractured tibia and shock associated. Exclude other injuries and remove to hospital.

I n short, if you have any difficulty, name it; and do not expect me to fire off a blunderbuss dealing with the umpteen possible difficulties. -N .C.F.

AI D.-

vention of aggravation of injury or condition," and not for "cure.)) Therefore, obey your Textbook (Rul e 5, p. 48) ; and in treatment of all fractures" place limb in as natural a posit io n as "-( I ) with great care; (2) without using force and (3) without letting go until l imb is splinted.-N.C.I·.

FRACTURES OF RIBS AND CLAVICLE.

W. C. (Wid nes ) :-A man falls fro m a height and sustaim,' simple fractures of ieft 7th, 8th and 9: h ribs and of nj;ht. clavicle. Please tell us what yo u cons der is the correct treatment, as our opinions differ with reference to bodybandage and

Combine the treatments for fra ctur ed ribs and clavicle. Thus, apply ( I) large pad ( let it be large!) in rigJtt axilla. (2) two broad bandages to control fractured lelt ribs, (3) 3t, John to support rzj:ht forearm, and then (4) flex Zeit forearm across ch est so that left hand rests on upper end of right forearm aud use the body-bandage ( applied last round body and left arm) to le ver out rig ht shoulder and to ser7.Je also as support for left lorearm in place of arm·sling forfractured nbs.-N. C.F

TESTIN G A S TRETCHE R.

E. ]. (Stockport) :-In a recent competition two teams" tested str etcher as follows :-B earer NO.2 lay on stretcher.

TREAT\IEN T or BURNS.

H. J. (Ba ttersea ). - I am engaged as First-Aider in a laundry where, ewing to constant Immersion in strong soda water and to contact with the rapidly revolving rollers of the calender, certain emplo) e es are unable for any length of time to keep the skm on their fingers. My employer has asked me to suggest some ointment or other treatment suitable for such cases; and I, in my difficulty, appeal to you . for help.

First - Aid stands (or" prevention." Your first duty, therefore, is to suggest to your employer that active steps should be taken to try and prevent possibility of injury to fingers of workpeople, as by the use of some special glov e which would resist th e combined action of soda water and fri ctio n. Your next duty being to attend to the cases, I suggest a dressing made up of equal parts of vaseline and boracic ointment, because this will prove more soothing than the undiluted boracic ointment of the Textbook. Your duty, however, requires you to warn your fellow workers to rest their hands when the skin threat ens to break, and in all cases to seek med ical advice at (It early moment. In no case should you accept responsibility for a second dressing under the authority of a medical man.-N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF FRACTURES.

B earers Nos. I and 3 then lifted stretcher with slings over their shoulders. Then, at a given signal, they released their grip of stretcher and e xt ended both their upper limbs out in front of them to their full extent, thus allowing NO.2 to be supported on slings only.

Is this method correct? If it is, then frankly I should not like to be Bearer o. 2, if the stretcher slings proved faulty! !

The method does not comm end its elf, and suggests theatricalism rather than practical First-Aid. Further, apart from the possib lity of accident to which you refer, it involves waste of valuable t ime, which-as 3 bearers are involved in a task which one can do-might seriously affect the final result in these days when competitions are conducted on a strict time limit.-N.C.F.

YET ANOTHER HOWLER.

A.P. (Cro u ch Hill) :-A colleague of mine rather slresses the practice of re-assuring patients. In almost every case after hearing history and noting signs and symptoms, he remarks in a firm, confid ent tone-" I'll soon stop tllat!" Recently, in company with another ambulance man, he was called to a heart case, and when his colleague ventured the statement that patient's breathing was quite alright, he immediately remarked-" Oil, I'll soon stop tllat."

Good! N ext please !

FRACTURES OF PATELLA AND TIBI A.

C. E. (N ew Wortley ) :-Recently we discussed among ourselves the correct treatment of the combination of a Compound Fracture of Patella and a Simple Fracture of Tibia ( both injuries on same limb ) Of course, we all agreed that the wound should be treated first: but we disagreed as to the way in which the fractures should be dealt with. Conse -

This problem has giv en rise to much discussion; and we ask your ruling, because the Textbook emphasises the need to leave our patients in charge of some responsible person.

The key to your problem is in your last sentence. If the First-Aider in charge of ambulance room is a "responsible person," your duty is duly and properly performed when you hand over patient to his care-especially if your dinner is

W. B. (Da rley Green).-At a recent practice the question arose as to whether we should apply extension with complicated, comminuted or impacted fractures of upper or lower limbs After a long and interesting discussion, we could not arrive at a definite conclusion, and decided to submit the point for your

Most emphatically, no! I f you start pulling on a complic ated, a comminuted or an impacted fracture, you may do untold damage!! Remember that First-Aid stands for" pre-

A XILLARY BLEEDING A D FR CTURED SCAPULA.

S C. (Do uglas ). - In a recent competition a man was supposed to have fallen from an aereoplane and to ha\'e sustained a fracture of n:l(ld scapula. Further, a portion of the plane pierced his 7'iglzt armpit and tore through his axillary artery.

The] udge condemned digi tal pressure on subclavian

-fiIRST

artery while the arm WaS being raised slig h tly to examine wound. He said that wound was still bleeding. Also, please tell me what should be position of forearm.-

'W hetlzer at right angles to arm across body and fixed With b road bandage or supported in St. John sling and fixed with broad bandage over po int of elbow.

T o me the r ul ing of the Judge clearly indicates that somebody blu n dered and that pressure was n ot bcin l{ m ade on the sub cl av ian artery. It frequently happens that the competitor fondly imagines that he has located the line (and pressure po int ) of a n artery whereas the judge kn ows that he has not and giv es his de c ision (and marks accordmgly )

With reference to your other query I should prefer arm to be placed in St. Tohn sling (because scapula IS fra c tured ) and the broad bandage to be applied not over po int of elbow but to support as much of arm and forearm as possible.-N.C. F

SCOUDIASTER (S.E.9 ).- There is no rule or which ent itles you to ta ke the same non- commission rank In the S.J .A.B. as you he ld in the Army. -ED

N e w-S kin is idea [o r c u Ls , ab rasio ns an d fresh SU laCt: Inju ries to th e s kin. A nL is ep tic a nd It protects t he w o un d and a ll o w _ i t to hea l nat ur a ll y.

N e w-S kin is w at erp roo f. It won't wash off. Yo u can wash ove r it. It is t ranspa ren a n d

HOW NEW-SKIN KILLS THE GERMS

Scientific tests demonstp ate its antiseptlc poweps

1

"ZOR BO" (Reg.

For Wounds, Cuts, SCllds lnd Burns

Use the Doyen of all Dressings, GERMOLENE.

Astonishes by the rapidity of its Soothing, Healing Action.

E

LL A ND DEMO N STRATION AND CARNIVAL.\mbu laJc e c ompe ti tion for the Ambulance S hield will take pla c e on S a turday, July 5th. First three pnzes to the value of £ 10 if more than 2 0 tea':1s, pri zes Th ree special pr iz es wIll be awarded to the m dlv ldual gai ning the h ig hest number of marks outside t h e prI zewmnmg teams. Entries clo s e on July 2nd. Open to all teams, Ass o c iation or Brigade. Entry forms on application to W. H. Barnett, Garw ic k-terrace, Greetl a nd near Halifax. N.B.The Ell a nd B ri g ade will not c om p ete.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In U PRESCRIPTION READING" and " ELEMENTARY DISPENSING."

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once.

A member OL S.J.A.B. writes :_u I feel deeply indebted tor the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take su ch cour ses, bu could never find where to get su ch ." (T.B.)

Special terms now-half fees-to members of S.l.A.B., &c. A pp y (stamp) to MR. J. E. W AL.DBN, Sec., Westminster College lLady Dispenser S ec tio n of th e Westmi ns ter College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd.

THE INCORPORATED SOCIETr OF CHIROPODISTS. SCHOOL OF CHIROPODY'

"," shows an earthen dish. about thrce I .. 2' shows :mother plale. similarly in diamcter •. containin;.: treal<::d, Ihat pari of Ihe surfacc (germ food), on "hleh I?us.produclng had becn CO';\!red Ilith Xc ", kin "flrr microue, had been plante.lln tlHee

Mo:a:thly.

GERMOLENE has established it supremacy in first a id work in every part of the world. I t is unequalled for very obvious reasons:-

I. As a g er micide GERMOLENE is supreme. Septic complications are imposs ible where it is used. I t cl eanses wounds of ever y particle of foreign matter. The bacilli of poison shr vel and die wh en it is applied.

2. GERMOLENE soothes immediately. There is none of the tingl ing, smarting, or pain which is associated with bacter ic idal agents so often used in the past. The action of GERMOLENE is so rapid that the quick cessation of pa in invar iably astonishes the user.

3· GERMOLENE heals completely a nd safely. New tissue is built up in a healthy, natural manner. Inflammation and festerin g stop because the cause is expelled.

T b, C as es, L ect ure

MEAD

mo n ths' p raclica l wo rk at t he C linics W rite fo r Sy llabus to the Secre a ry, 98 C ha rl o tte S t re et W 1. OT I CE.-T his Schoo is th e on ly recogni se d Tr a in ng Centr e.

Publishers

, Reynolds & Co ., 46, Cannon Street, E.0,4.

To be cut out and enclosed with all Queries MAY, 1924.

GERMOLENE should be kept ready for use by all ambulance workers i it should certainly have a permanent place in every factory first-aid chest and in every home for immediate application in cases of c uts, wounds, scratches, scalds and burns. I t is just as useful for every kind of skm complaint, and it is the doyen of all skin preparations for use in children's a ilments.

SOOTHES AT A TOUCH

Prices 1/ 3 al1 d 3 /-, OJ all Chem is ts.

To M ed ical Practitioners, Hospitals, School Clinics, and to Nurses who enclose their professional cards, a g enerous trial supply of GERMOLENE will gladly be sent gratis.

Sole Distributors : THE VENO DR UG CO. Ltd , Manufa c!urin/? Ch emists, Ma n ch ester

May. 1924. -FIRST

AID. -

" When we have produced an antiseptic which can be taken internally without risk of injury to cell tissue, we shall have conquered infectious LISTER ,

, YADIL' and CANCER

Stomach cancer upon which a Surgeon at Tottenham Hospital said it was useless to operate disappears under The Yadil 7reahllellt for Caucer.

ISHOULD fail in my duty if I did not make kno\vn , far and wide, the following facts concernIng a of cancer which my suggested Y(l{izi 71"eabn cllt case for Canc er has dispersed

ON the 1St of May I received the following letter from the little village of WIckford, Essex.

"Sir,-My wife went under an operation for cancer, but when opened up (at the Totttnham Hospital), it was found too bad to uperat e She had to return home incurable. Yuur treatment for cancer having been b:ougbt to our notice, we decided to try it. The cancer, which lay across the stomach, appears to have disappeared after five weeks of strictly keeping to your prescription, and she will continue one more week, making six weeks. We would be glad if you will oblige with a diet most suitable following the six weeks treatment for the same. I might say that she suffers badly from wind plins, and the chest seems very raw. Needless to say she is very weak. More proof would be given if you desire it.

I am, Yours truly, C. S-_"

AT once I decided to send a member of our staff to ge t fuller information, and here is his r e port.

3rd May, 1924.

"Mrs. S--, Wickford, Essex.

" I call e d here, }esterday, Friday, to inv e stigate this case. The facts are as follows:

" Mrs, S-- becam e ill last August and was treated by the local doctor for acute indigestion. Towards Christmas a large swelling developeo across the stomach, from three to four inches long. Mrs. S-- was brought to London by her son. who called in Dr. T for his opinion. He said that it looked like cancer, and suggested that Dr. --, a famous surgeon of Cavendish Pillce, should be called in to examine the case. The surgeon diagnosed it at once as a deep-seated cancer. He expressed willingness to attempt the operation and suggested sending Mrs. S-- to the Tottenham

completely In a fe\v weeks.

Hospital, which was done. The operat i o n had hardly b eg un wh e n the s Jrgeon Withdrew the knife, and said it was us e less to continue, as the case was b e yond all hop :: . The Matron the sad news to the SOD, who was waiting in an adjoining room. Dr. T r eceived a short le tter from Dr. - -, the surgeon, a couple of days later, which Dr. T r ead to the son of Mrs. S- - He wa') to ld to bring his mOl her back home wh e n she had sufficiently recovered from the ord e ll of the ope rating room, and to mak e her as comfortable as possible, for there was nothing which medical science could do for her. Mrs S-- was suffering agonising pains; her state was p itiful. In March she was a dying woman.

"This became known, and a neighbour, a trained nurse, lent them T HE Y ADI L B OO K, bringing to their notic e th e suggested Yadil Tr eatmen t f or Cancer. A s a last hope, the treatment was commenced on or about the 24th March and followed minutely as described in the book. The first few doses relieved the pain, and recovery was so rapid that within three weeks the pain and swelling had complete ly disappear e d, The treatment was continued for a further two wee ks on the lines recommended in the b oo k, th e n Mr. S--, the husband, wrote for further guidance. When I saw Mrs S-- yesterday she was sitting up and seemed quit e comfortable. She had even been able to walk as far as the garden gate. About 12 ounces of 'Yadil' have been used t) date."

MEDICAL and surgical science had pronounced her case hopeless, but my treatment has proved that it was not. I ca1led on Mrs. S-- on Sunday, May 4th, and was welcomed by the family, who confirmed the facts given in the above report. Mrs. S-was sitting in a chair surrounded by her happy

children. They told me of the intense suffering of their mother, their despair at the result of her visit to Tottenham Hospital, their hope against hope when The Yad£l Treatment was commenced, their astoDlshment at the incredible speed with which it gave results, first relieving the pain in a short three days, then reducing th e size of the growth from day to day, until in three weeks, no trace of it could be seen, except the scar by the surgeon's knife and by the fourteen stitches required to close up the wound. My own joy and happin e ss could not be described. Could it be possible that my antiseptic 'Yadil' would pave the way to the conquest of cancer , as it has to the conquest of that other deadly plague, tuberculosis? I felt impelled to tell the nation 01 this case, and to make the following earnest appeal to all medical practitioners who arc attending cases of cancer and to all friends of suffer e rs from this dread disease.

TRY at once T he Y adil Treatm ent for Ca ncer, as suggesttd on page 79 of THE Y ADI L B OOK (3rd Edition) Yadil ' alone is not enongh, but 'Yadil' in conjunction with the special diet, which is minutely described in the book, bas performed a miracle for Mrs. S-- It may possibly do the same for many other victims of cancer, There are to -day, in the hospitals and private of this country, at least ten thousand cases of cancer which are kn o wn to the rtlltives and friends , and to the medical m e n attending the cases, to be beyond all medical and surgical aid Th t si! poor victims will have passed away within the nf:xt two or thr e e months. TIle Yadil Tr ea tm en t fo r C ance r, which I explain in THE Y ADI L BOOK, may not be successful in all cases, but if it were to succeed in half of the cases, or even less, would it not have been worth the experiment? This treatment is so in e xpensive, so simple, that tlH re is no excuse for not trying it on the score of cost. One pint of 'Yadil,' costing only 12 / -, would be amply sufficient. As to the food recommended, its cost is far less than the cost of

the ordinary food given to VIctims of cancer. So why not try the treatment, and let me know the results? If this was done at once, in ten thousand cases, within five or six weeks we should have definite results from which to draw conclusions. I would ask all those who may try the treatment to keep note of the date when it was commenced, the rate of progress, the results obtained, and to let me know whether it has proved successful or whether it has failed. I must know all the failuH s as well as all the successes. Without this full information it would be impossible to arrive at fair conclusions as to whether The Yadil Treatment is reli"lble in all cases, or ody in a majority of ca'5es, or in just a few special cases.

I APPEAL to all the victims of cancer themselves, to their relatives and friends, to the medical men interested in the cases, to all local Health Authorities, not to let this chance go by of finding out whether we have or not, in Tlze Yadil Treatment for Cancer, a reliable means of checking and curing this dreadful disease.

'Yadil' Antiseptic is based upon the active principle of garlic. It is absolutely nonpoisonous, non -caustic, and makes possible the int rnal and external disinfection of the human system without risk of injury to the most delicate organs. This explains its extraordinary success in consumption, pneumonia, bronchitis, pleurisy, coughs, all fevers, wounds, SOrt s, carbuncles, boils, erysipelas, varicose veins, inflamed gums, etc. Wounds treated with 'Yadil' heal rapidly, and never has one become septic. It supersedes iodine for first aid work, For burns and scalds, the 'Yadil' Ointment removes the pain instantly, no blisters form, and all traces of the burn or scald dissappear in three or four hourf.

Write fur Preliminary Report on 100 casts of consumption now being treated in Manchfster. Sent post free on request.

THE names and addresses of the patient and the medical men who attended the case are available to the Presidents of the British Medical Association and the General Medical. Council, if they wish to InqUIre into the facts.

, Yadil' is obtainable from all chemists 20Z, 2/9, 60z , 4/ 9, Pint 12 /-, Quart 22 / 6. THE Y ADIL BOOK 2/6 -from chemists or direct.

'Yadil' Antiseptic is prfp.lred exclusively hy Cr ,EMENT & JOHNSON LIMITRD Reseal'cll Medt'cal Ch emists 19 Sicilian Avenue London W.c.l.

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6, Viscera of the Ches t and Abdomen (.\). 7. \,i<,er:l of the Cheq and \ I,d,)men (8) 8. Vi sce.Ta o the Cht:st an.! bclocnen (Cl. 9. \'i. of the and Abdomen (D). n. The Nervous System. J. Schl!matic diag.:-em of ircnl:llion. Th e Huma n Ear. '3. The H uman Fye. J4. \leclj"ll cetien throu!:h Skit.

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(I) Po isonin g, (2) Hremorrhage I nsensibility, (4) Asphyx a (S us p ended Breathin g ), (5) Fra ctures, D islocations and Sprains, (6 ) Wo un ds, Bi tes Burn s, Sca ds

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" VASELINE " MENTHOLATED Jelly-for nen ous ht arl aches, neuralgia, e tc.

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CONTENTS-

Scis 'ors Protecti ve ]'oller Bandages Medicine Tumbler Cutton \\'0(,1

'-:rkJournal of flu

Ordcr ofthelfosPita! of &.JolmofJernsakm in Englaild

Edited by ARTHUR B. DALE.

No. 360.-VOL. XXX. JUNE, 1924.

Foreword by H.R.H. The Grand Prior.

THE Order of St. John of Jerusal e m in England has over 3,000 members and Honorary Associates, and about ..j 2,000 men and women doing voluntary service under its ba nner.

EDITORIAL.

AND AMBULANCES STRETCHERS

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FOR ALL RANKS Jackets, Trousers, Great Coats, Caps, Belts, Gloves, Haversacks, Waterbottles, etc. Estimates

Its work for suffering humanity is carried on in the Dominions, in India and in the Colonies wbich comprise ou r great Empire. It has been carried on quietly-perhaps too q uietly for these days-and with little or no advertisement. But the work has become so widespread and of such value to the common weal tbat I feel the opening up of a recognised channel of communication through which its mem bers can be kept in touch with each other and with the many and various forms in which its motto "Pro Utili tate Hominum " is very desirable

I therefore welcome the issue of this Journal, devoted e ntirely to recording the work of the Order in all parts of the Empire. Its success depends on its being read by our members and their friends, and by their contributions to the paper regarding of their work.

In the past, mem bers of the Association and Brigade ha ve been r e gular subscribers and contributors to FIRST AID , from which this Journal has sprung, and it only req uires the whole -hearted assistance of members of the O rder as well as its branches to make it what it is intended to be, the official organ of the Grand Priory in England, rea d and supported by all who venerate its work and tra ditions.

The new" 5alvalor" model, as to the Police, Fire Departments and FIrSt Aid Corp. throughout the world.

Write for Descriptive Catalogue of MODERN AMBULANCES, post free.

Forward.

THIS number marks th e completion of our 30th year of publication, and there will be noticed a difference in the " make-up" as well as the front cover of FIRST AID, as compared with our former Journal. A long· cherished ambition is thus fulfilled by FIRST AID becoming the official organ of the Order of St J h • 0 n.

FIRST AID, however, we venture to remark was never without prestige and personality. Within its limitations it has, we think, been pleasing and serviceable and no; unrepresentative of a good standard of journalis n. Its years of busy life have been, we believe, years of usefulness and influence in supplem enting tbe very fine work of all those interEstEd in the Ambulance Movement, and in this the paper has played a most creditable part.

N ow that a forward movement is in tbe order of our going, it will be our constant care to maintain and improve upon the acti vities of the past, and to endeavour to attain an ever iocreasing degree, both in quality of production and in matter. It will be our desire always to serve the lllem bers of that great institution, the Oreer of St. J obn, and put in their hands a J ouma! of which they will be proud.

As their acknowledged mouthpiece, we h o pe they will support us and give expression on any suitable subject which will generally advanCe the movement W . e asplre to reach a much larger number of ambulance workers tban hitherto possible, and this "corning of age" in a manner of speaking, may claim to be the companion of all who are attracted to the work of the Order of St. John.

The

Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England.

Chancery of the Order

St. fohn's Gale, Clerkenwell. London, E.C., 511z lum, I9 2 4·

The King has been graciously pleased to sanction .the following promotions in, and appointments to, the Grand of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem In England:-

As KlIig lzts of iustire (from Knigllts of Grace) "

Lieut.-Colonel John Thomas \Voolrych Perowne

Sergeant-Surgeon Sir Richard Havelock Charles, G.C.V.O., KC.S.!', LL.D., M.D., F.R.C.S.!'

As Ladies of Ius/ice (from Ladies of Grace) "

Her Royal Highness the Duchess of York

Constance Sibell, the Countess of Shaftesbury

As Clzaplain,'

The Rev. Ernest Hermitage Day, D.D., F.S A.

As Knights of Grace:

Lieut.-Colonel George Herbert Leonard Hammerton, C.M G., D.S.O., T.D., L.R.C.P.&S.Ed., RA M.C.(T.F.)

Colonel the Viscount Hambleden, T.D.

Sir Henry Mackie Imbert-Terry, Bt.

Sir Edward Ernest Pearson

Sir Robert William Philip, M.D., LL.D.

Arthur Robert Pndeaux

General the Lord Rawlinson, G.C.B., G.C.S.!., G.C.V O., KC.M.G.

Captain Denis Ewart Bernard Kingston Shipwright

Frederick Sprawson

Commander Piers Keane Kekewich, R T

Henry Walter Fincham, F.S.A.

Lieut.-Colonel George Horne. M.D.

Martin \Villiamson

Colonel Sir Thomas Oliver, M.D.

Sir Ernest Frederick George Hatch, Bt., KB.E.

Sir Alexander Robertson Murray KC.I.E., C.B.E.

Charles Harry Clinton Pirie· Gordon, D.S.C.

Commander Henry Ernest Garle, R.N.V.R

Joseph J ames Burton

As Ladies of Grace:

Elsie Elizabeth, Lady Allardyce

Therese, Lady Muir Mackenzie

Adela, Mrs. Cottle, C.B.E.

Agnes Sinclair, Lady Bruce Porter

Edith Jane, Mrs. Campbell

As Honorary Ladies of Grace:

Adele Le Bourgeois, Mrs. R W. Chaplain

Elizabeth Mills, Mrs. Vlhitelaw Reid

As Esquires:

Septimus Montague Hebblethwaite, M.D.

Brigadier-General Anthony Courage, D.S O , M.e.

Edwin Ralphs

Surgeon Lieut.-Colonel John Herbert Hacking, M.RC.S., L.RC.P.

Surgeon-Commander George 03wald Morrell Dickenson. R.N.

Hugh Hedley Vicars Miller

Alexander Smith Allan, M.B.

Allan Douglas Cameron, L. R.C.P.&S.

Lieut.-Colonel F. Holies Brennan Henry Ross, C.LE O.B.E., M.B., F.RC.S.I., I.M.S.

A.H. Scott Taylor

Colonel Sir Edward N. Thornton, KB.E.

Alpheus Ful1er Williams

As Honorary Serving Brothers:

Craven Howell Walker, O.B.E.

Major Thomas Henry Bishop, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

Gregory Manook, :\1. B.

Anthony Thompson

Randolph Duncan Brown

Captain William Goodley, M.C.

William Clayden

Frederick James Mott

William I Ightingale Hall

Matthew Henry Dawson

Thomas Hayes

Edward Albert Houseman, M.D.

J ames Allcock

Daniel George Jones

Ernest Bussey

Ernest Donald Bruce Keefe

Henry George Sutton

Arthur Jones

1\ orman Burton

Albert Frederick Ilbton

J obn Frederick Lisle

John Edward Matthews

Thomas Pickering

Harry Frederick Towers

John Edward Hughe::, Herbert Haigh

John Swarbnck

John Allen Gaukrodger

John Harold Lea

John Henry Mool es

John A. Calder

John W. Campbell

Edwin George Dalston

Bertram Hoskins Cindy

Arthur J ames Gray

William J. Green

\\TIlliam Greenwood

Charles \Yilliam Hudson

Thomas E. Keating

Edwin Arthur Perry

Arthur 03wald Richardson

Leslie elson Smith

John William Swales

Josiah Walker

John Henry Wilkinson

John Woods

George Frederick Browne

John Long

Ge')rge Roblings

Tom Llewllyn Davies

Philip Lewis

William Thomas Rees

David Thomas

Morgan Weeks

DaVId Thomas MOl g ans

Amos Eli Chance

lJavid Morgan Sims

Wyndham Samuel Harris

Frederick N elms

Charles Henry Hopkins

George Henry Hunt

William Edward Abraham

Captain Thomas Hopkin Bufton

Thomas James Evans

Cornelius Gronow

Hugh Sydney Cann

As Honorary Serving Sisters:

Gladys May, Mrs. Wooster

Mrs. Ralphs

Marie, Mrs. Girard

Mrs. Septimus Harwood

Alice, Miss Jones

Emma Jane, Mrs. Barltrop

Francis Lelia, Miss Cooper

Hilda Beatrice, Miss Munro

June, 19:14

Elizabeth Rhymer, Mrs. Stanford

Mary Beaumont, Mrs. Waters

Bertha, Miss Price

As Honorary Associates.

Captain Robert George Edmund Whitney

Alexander Preston Parker

-FIRST

AI D.-

The ambulance for which a was made by Chapter·General was at the Exhibition in time for the opening, and is in every way a credit to the Order. PANORAM[C VIEWS.

Brigadier-General Ralph Lewis Wedgwood, C.B., C.M.G.

Dora, Lady Hollins

Arthur Stuart Holden, M. B.

Geoffrey Rayner

Sydney Rayner

Willollghby W. Kennedy, M.D.

Adrian Caddy, M.D., F.R.C.S.

Lionel Dudley Woods, L.RC.P.

William Scott Gibb, M.B.

John L.R.C.P.&S.E.

William Smith Allan, M.B.

Henry Francis Wynne Boland, M.B.

David Hartly Burn, M.D.

H. II. Greenwood

John Joseph Holland, M.B

E C. Lowe

John David O ' Donnell, F.RC.S.E.

John Cooper Russell, :'ILB.

William Stewart, l\1.B.

Albert Thornton

Constance Margaret, Mrs. Williams

William George Willoughby, M.RC.S., L.R.C.P.

Francis Caldecott, M B., M.RC.S., L.R.C.P.

As D Ollats (Gold Badge);

His Highness :'I1aharaja Sir Ghanshyamsinhji Bahadur, G.C.l.E., !Z C.S.1.

:\Iaharaja Raja Saheb of Dhrangadbra

As D onats (Silve r Badge ):

Ho Kom Tong

Karunna Kumar Chatterjee, F.R.C.S.

Raj Rana :'I1ansinhjl Jhala, Dewan of Dhrangadhra

/is D onaIs (Bron ze Badge):

J. M. Ponnuswami

G. C. Chatterjee

Joseph Grossman

News from Chapter=General.

AT the Chapt e r-General held on February 22nd it was d e cided to appoint a third surgeon to the hospital in Jerusalem. It IS for the consideration of Chapter-General whether the offer of the Gov ::: rnment of Palestine to place the work and its existing clinics under the direction of the Hospital Authorities should be accepted.

The Order has recently received the sum of £3,6r4 from the Replration Claims Department on account of damage rione to the hospital during the late war.

A further claim for damage is still before that Department, but no immediate decision is accepted.

The lighting of the Hospital has been estimated for at a cost of '£1,200.

FIRST AID ARRANGEMENTS.

From the opening of the Exhibition to May 3rd the First Aid work has been most efficiently carried out by the St. John Ambulance Brigade in spite of the many difficul· ties due to the unfinished state of the buildings, want of electric light and other causes.

The completion of the panoramic views which were heing prepued for the Exhibitlcn at the Wembley Room at the War Office were deillyed through the sickness of those to whom the work was entrusted. They are now in position in the H. M. Government Building, with other exhibits from the Museum and Library.

EMPIRE SUNDAY, MAY 2 STH.

The Order was fully represented on Empire Sunday by a detachment 100 strong, including members of the Order, and buy and girl cadets.

THE PAGEANT.

It is still doubtful whether the whole of the Pageant as originally planned can be staged owing to the want of personnel to represent the different parts. This matter is under discussion, and it is hoped that that part which is being staged by the Order, and Society will be finally included.

HISTORY OF THE ORDER.

A History of the Order has been written by Colonel King with a foreword by the Sub·Prior which it is proposed to sell on the bookstalls at Wembley and also from our Stores Department.

In the first half of this book Colonel King has dealt chiefly with the work of the English Tongue throughout the history of the Knights of Malta. The second half of book he has devoted to the work done by the Order during the late war and its present activities.

SHORT HISTORY OF THE ORDER.

A reprint is being made of the short History of the Order of St. John and it is proposed to offer these to mem bers of the Brigade for sale through the Commissioners and Assistant Commissioners at a price which will assist their local funds and entail no cost to the Order.

LIBRARY COMMITTEE.

Since the meeting of the last ordinary Chapter·General the Order has acquired Commander Wilkinson's very fine collection of coins and medals. These are being arranged in the Library under the direction of Colonel King.

It is hoped that we shall soon be in a position by the aid of voluntary subscriptions to purchase an Italian Cabinet belonging to Grand Master Cotoner which has been on view in the Chapter Hall for some time.

INVESTITURE AND GARDEN PARTY.

His Majesty The King has consented to hold an Investiture in the Ball Room at Buckingham Palace on 24th June at 11.30 a.m. for members of the Order. It is hoped that some forty membtrs from Overseas will be invested at this cer emony, and as many others as possible accommodated with seats in the Ball Room.

His Majesty hiS also kindly consent ed to invite a large number of members of the Order to a Garden Party to be held at Buckingham Palace on Wednesday, 25th June.

ANNUAL COMMEMORATION SERVICE AND GENERA L ASSEMBLY.

The Annual Commemoration Service and General Assembly-at which His Royal Highness The Grand Prior

-FIRST

is expected to present-will be held (;n Monday, 23rd June, commencing at 3 p.m.

A business conference of overseas workers will be held prior to the Annual Commemoration Service.

FIRST AID Box FOR USE IN MINES.

The Stores Department of the Order has patented a First Aid Box for use in Mines, the invention of Mr. C. Hanmer, thp. Lecture Demonstrator of the It is believed that this will meet a long felt want In all districts and lead to an increase in the strength of our work in those districts.

CASTLE OF KOLOSSI.

A letter has bee n received from th e Chief Secretary to the Government of Cyprus informing the Order that the High Commissioner has under the provisions ?f the Antiquities Law 1905 declared the Castle together WIth the whole of the outbuildings etc., to be an Ancient Monument. It will therefore now come under the care of the Government of Cyprus.

RE·ORGANISATION.

The Re-organisation Committee is still examining the best method on which to introduce a County and Borough system in the Brigade. It is found that conditions existing in the different Counties and Boroughs are so diverse as to render it likely that there will have to be many variations to suit local conditions, and the Committee is not ye t in a position to report fully on these matters.

The History of the V.A.D.

THE history of the V.A.D. of the British Empire is one of which the whole Empire may well be proud, and we l'i'ho work under the eight·pointed cross may claim our full share in the great work of voluntary help and self-sacrific e.

When the call came in 1914 the members of the Order were well pr e pared, and there were 690 [9,955) mens' divisions, and 261 (Personnel 56°7) nur.slOg divisions, and 384 (Personnel 12,638) V.A.D.'s fully tramed and ready to help, besides 1,015 men of the Royal Na,val Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve, and 1,82 HospItal Reservists.

Practically the whole of the above at once joined up in their various capacities, and many St. John V,A. I?'s were formed to meet the ever-growmg demand for aSSIst· ance in dealing with the sick and wounded.

By 1918 the number of these new V.A.D.'s had risen to 989 (Personnel 35,07 0).

When the war was ended and the majority of the voluntary hospitals had been closed and the patients transferred to the permanent Hospitals, the work of the V. A. D. came to an end. It was the intention of the War Office to bring a permanent V.A. D. scheme into being soon after this in order to retain the voluntary services of as many as possible of those the of war E:xperience and to ensure that SImIlar voluntarr aId would be forthcoming in the case of any future natIOnal emergency. Owing to various causes the formulating of the new scheme was delayed, and only in May, 1924, was the new scheme finally approved.

This scheme has been drawn up by a JOlnt CounCIl whose members represented the fighting forces of the Council the Territorial Force Associations, the Order of St. the St. Andrew Ambulance Association, and the

AID. - June, 19 24

British Red Cross. It has been v ery carefully considered, and it is felt that if it proves a succe ss the needs of our fighting forces will be adequately provided.

The success of the scheme rests primarily on three bodies :-The Order of St. John, The, St. Andrew Ambulance Association, and the British Red CrC'ss. Between them they have promised to do their best to raise 20,000 mobile V.A.D.'s, of whom 15,000 shall be wom e n. and is a heavy responsibility as the mobIle IS a senous one, but it is felt that just as our TerntorI.al Army has now take? on the obligation to serve ov ersea s m case of a great natIOnal emergency, their wives and will not be behi.nd hand in offering their help, and keeplOg th emse lves tramed and ready.

The Order of St. John has undertaken to provide 6,000 mobile women and 2,600 men in addition to the members of the Sick Berth Reserve.

The last annual return shows that in the Brigade alone we had in 1923-7,697 women in the nursing divis.io?s, who as m e mbers I)f the Brigade und er went the full traInlOg required by the new V.A. D. scheme, and men equally fully trained. Many of thes e for vanous reasons may be unabl e to accept th e obligation as mobile members, but all are eligible as immobile members, who only un de rtake service within reach of their homes.

There are in addition all the other Y.A. D.'s, many 0 f whom have kept themselves trained and ready to help if the country should requir e their services. There are also those who serv e d as YA. D.'s in the war, and who are able and willing to r ejoin their old detachments and to undergo a new course of training.

The abov e figures will show that if the existing members are willing to assist. there need be no fear that the Order will prove unable to fulfil its undertaking in the new scheme.

Budrum or Budrun.

THI S Castle of thv Knights of St. John of Jerusalem was constructed, shortly after Timur the Lame had in J 402 driven the Knights from their stronghold at Smyrna, at the end of a narrow promontory jutting out from the mainland not far from the ancient site of the Mausoleum at Halic;rnassus. In fact th e Knights made free use of the material of the Mausoleum in the construction of their Castle. We owe it to Lord Stratford de Redcliffe and to Sir Charles Newton, that some of th e finest specimens of this Mausoleum material is to be seen to·day in the British Museum.

It would be seen that the nam e Budrum or Budrun , whichever is correct, has been developed by the Turk from the Greek name Petros or Peter. The Castle was named after St. Peter, and as it became the refuge of every escaped Christian slave in Asia Minor, it is not inaptly designated by General Whitworth Porter "The Castle of St. Peter Liberated." Elsewhere I have seen it called" The Castle of St. Pete:r the Liberator." Sir Charles Newton in his "Travels and Discoveries in the Levant" (Vol. II. p. 59), gives a very good description of it which is quoted at length by Whitworth Porte r but w.hen Dr. G.ilbert Bagnani carne amongst u.s 10 1922 WIth hIS admIrable lantern slides, we-that IS all members of the Grand Priory of England who bestirred themselves to attend. a remarkably good lecture-saw Budrum as we should see It if we were there in person.

June, 19 2 4 -FIRST

What drew the attenlion of Europe, and e specially of the several Archre)logical Schools at Ath e ns to Budrum in 1922, was the fact that during the war the Central Powers made it one of their depots for the supply of petrol to their submarines in th e Mediterranean. When the Allied fleets discovered that, they not unnaturally proceeded to bombard that splendidly built old castle, that monument of mediceval architectur e and knightly devotion. It goes against the grain to think that Frenchmen and Englishmen, descendants of those who had built and strengthened this bulwark against the Turk, have been constrained to turn their guns against th e handiwork of their forbears. Yet so it is and that was the reason why Dr. Gilbe rt Bagnani came to England. Nothing in the Castle had suffered so seriously from the bombardment as the English Tower, which had been constructed in the reign of Edward IVth., by funds rais e d in England. I am not in a position at this moment, being away from home, to enter into details about the arms of the e;reat of England which are designed upon the walls of this Tower, or to make more than a reference to the papal indulgences which encouraged our fellow·countrymen in the 15th c e ntury to put their money down and built this Tower but in a subsequent article I shall hope to do so. Our knowledge is due not to Sir CharlE.s Newton only, but also to Lord Amherst of Hackney, and to Admiral Sir Albert Markham. The carving on th e walls to which Whitworth Porter refers was car e fully copied by a Corporal of Royal Engineers, serving under Newton, and afterwards accurately reproduced at the instance and expense of Lord Amh e rst. The work of Sir Albert Mark· ham was brought out by the Quatnor Coronate Lodge, and I still feel a warm sense of gratitude to the Secretary of that Lodge for S0 kindly giving m e a copy of a work which is known to few.

Whitworth Porter concludes his description of Budrum in these words :-" It gradually became a point of refuge for all who sought to escape from Mussulman tyranny, and the unfortunate Christian flying (rom sl ave ry was sure to find within its hospitable walls a ready welcome and ample protection. As aids in the defence, a race of dogs was kept Il1 the Castle. These were so trained, and their na tura l instinct so developed, that they were rendered capable of performing, with great tact and sagacity, the part of out· lying sentinels. By thtir aid and watchfulness th e guard was ever sure of receiving early intimation of the approach of an enemy. The extent to which this sagaci ty on the part of these canine allies was carri ed led to numerous legends in their honour, for the veracity of which the chroniclers of the timls were ever ready to vouch."

Newton writes: -" Scattered about th e Castle are the arms of its succ essive captains, ranging from 1437 to 1522, when the garrison surrendered to the Turks. Among these is the name of a well·known English Knight, Sir Thomas Sheffield, with the dat e 1514. Tht arms of anothe r Englishman, John Kendal, who was Turcopolier (an d Grand-Prior of England) from 1477 to 150£, may be seen under the royal arms on the tower at the south·east angle." · The arms of the same John Kendal were placed on a tablet on the wall of the Auberge d' Angleterre at Rhodes (John Kendal helped to defend Rhodes in 1480), and having been removed from there hy a General Fox, are to-day to b e setn in the Entrance Hall of Workington Hall, the home of the Curwens, in Cumberland. The Ke ndals and the Curwens come of the sam e stock.

The object of Dr. Gilbert Bagnani in coming to Eng land and in lecturing on Budrum was to obtain in England a sum of money sufficient to repair the damage done to the English Tower by the bombardment during

A I D.-- 273

the Great War. Thanks, as I understand, to the intervention of a distinguished diplomat and to the personal influence of the Right Hon. Sir William Bull, Bart, M.P., who attended Dr. Bagnani's lecture, and spoke at the end of it, it has been made known pu bliely that the Imperial Society of Knights Bachelors is prepared to provide the funds required for this work of repair, as soon as the Turk has settled down and given Europe assurance of a prospect of peace in the lEgean and in Asia Minor.

A. C. YATE, LIEUT.-COL., Knight of Justice of Order of St. John.

St. John J\mbulance J\ssociation.

Some Observations on the Inter= Railway Competition, 19

2 4.

(CONTRIBUTED).

I WAS privileged to witness the Inttr·railway Competition at Conn aught Rooms , Kingsway, London, on May 16th) and should lik e to congratulate those responsible for the arrangements on the change of venue. The Grand Hall was a great improvement on places hitherto for this competition.

As FIRST AID has so consistently advocated the infusion of a little more realism into competitions, better staging of the tests, and pointed out that th e y might be made of more educational value to the spectators, I, like many others, were prepared for changes, was surprised lo find no improvement in this respect.

The innovation of conducting the individual t est s in private is, I consider, a retrograde step. True, th e indio vidual work in the past has attracted as many spectators as the team work, but it is part of the contest, an d team supporters should, I think, have an cpportunity of seeing their team do all its work, not half only.

Since the contest was held I have had an opportunity of studying the marking sheets, and must say the whole of test., imposed this year were really good, particularly some of the individual work tests, and from a spectacular point of view th e y were evidently more interesting than the team test. In the latter, the essential work was carried on in a railway carriage, and the spectators could only conjecture what was going on there. The railway carriage, by the way, was represented by two settees placed vis ·a·vis and these formed an effective screen between the team; and the spectators in the early and important part of the treatment.

I respectfully submit that a special structure , a little more like a railway compartment would have assist e d all the competitors to the "cas e" and put up a better show. The generally was not very high, the best team droppmg qUIte a lot of marks, but as far as one could see-and that was not very far-all did good first aid work.

-FIRST

For reasons which are not apparent the spectators were again fumished with a minimum of information about the CI casp," whereas if they had been told the whole story, the proceedings would have proved more interesting.

In watching the various teams and noting their questions to the judge one was reminded of a suggestion that appeared in FIRST AID some time ago, an excellent one in my opinion, that for this competition two or more doctors should mark the stretcher tests, for it is obviously impossible for the best judge in the world to follow the work of four men, simultaneously. Frequently three men were engaged in doing something or the other ror the patient and on occasion the whole four were ministering to his needs, and more than one member of the team firing questions at the judge at the same time. In an actual case all would work together, of course, but in a competilion with one judge four mens' activities cannot be watched and marks may be lost. If I remember rightly the suggestion referred to was for four judges, one to mark each of the four members of the teams' work and the marks to be

AID.-

June, 19 2 4

By the bye, in the Welsh railway competition a fourman team is required to treat a patient who is an outsider and unknown to the team. This is nearer realism by a long way. Is little Wales going to lead the way in better first aid contests? They are on sound lines in this respect anyway as are the Brigade in their "Dewar" competition.

Talking of the Brigade and the "Dewar" contest the following is an extract from the Daily Mail of Saturday, the 24th May, with regard to that competition :-

One of the tests was the treatment of a hunting man thrown from his horse. Scenery r epresenti77g part of a field was erected in tIle room, and, r ealistically, lIEr. f. Baker, wearing a red (oat, as the fallen rider, awaited tIle arrival of welt of twelve teams, who examined him and bandaged him and carried him away on a stretcher.

The italics are mine.

We used to say the Railway Competition was" the last word." We shall have to look to our laurals to keep pace with these other contests. Apparently those responsible for them have been reading FIRST Am and have profited thereby.

O. R.

PART A. (TE.\\[ WORK).

Card I. -Y ou are informed at the ambulance station of a large railway station that a man has been found unconscious in a carriage of a train that has just arrived at a platform lOa yards away.

Time allowed for the test, 20 mInutes.

0.4 and one other bearer proceed Immediately to the case

Instructing the other two bearers to follow as quickly as possible with stretcher and equipment 5

The patient is lying on his face on the floor of the compartment He has a bottle contai nIn g some whIsky in his pocket. There is a crowd round the door.

Keeping back crowd 5

Card 2.-You find the patient (a middle-aged man ) has a bleeding wound of the forehead and th.e floor is covered with blood. The glass in the wmdow of the compartment is broken and the tell s you that the train has just passed alongSIde a rifle range where they were practising at the targets. No one else occupied the compartment.

Bleeding wound of forehead.

Photo hy T ojical Press Is arterial or venous? IVenou s Exammatlon for fracture of crani um. None Are there foreign bodies present ? No

Prince Arthur of Connaught presenting the Inter Railway Challenge Shield to the Hither Green Team, Southern Railway. aggregated for each team. The idea seems worthy of consideration by the Authorities.

I understand the staging in the individual tests was about as good as in the team test and that a dozen chairs represented a motor car and a box covered with brown paper a railway wagon. Now I submit that the competition which brings together the finest first-aiders in the world is worthy of something better and I hope our Railway Centre Secretaries, will do their best to improve matters in this respect) If they are the responsible persons.

One more' grouse' and that is with regard to the long viva-voce test for NO.5. Surely the case for these long oral tests being discontinued has been made out. Many men can do a thing, but cannot say how they will do it, and all the talk in the world won't help a 'broken 1 man. Still we were rather glad No. 5 got it, because generally speaking No 5-the patient-is good on theory and there's a reason for this while the five man team is the order of the day. NO.5 has a thinking' part.

Paint your own fingers with tincture of iodIne

Apply digital pressure on wound... ."

Does this control the h ce morrhage? Yes...

Apply tincture of iodine to wound and surrounding skin

Cover wound with a dressing; boracic lint

Pad over dressing

Bandage over pad

Insensibility.

Is it or c<;lma? Touch eyeball. No bl inking

ReactIon of pupIls to lIght. No reaction

Therefore the case is one of coma

Colour of Face. Flushed

Breathing. Stertorous

Paralysis. One side of the body is limp

Pupils. Unequal...

Temperature of body. Raised

Pulse. Full and Bounding

Does the breath smell of alcohol? No case of apoplexy

Treatment of apoplexy.

Undo tight clothing, neck, chest and waist

Ensure an abundance of pure air

June, I9.l4.

Inquiry as to doctor; ambulance; hospital. All mile away...

Send bystander to telephone a written messatre for doctor and for am bulance

Nothing by mouth

Raise head and shoulders

Turn head to side

Promote warmth to lower part of body; blankets and hot water bottles

Test hot water bottles first

I ce or cold water to head

Afford complete rest

Systematic examination of the patient.

Clavicles. Nil

Upper extremities. NIl

Ribs and sternum. Fracture of 6th and 7th ribs right side

Variety of fracture. [Simple Pelvis. Nil

Spine. Nil

Lower extremities. NIl

Treatment of fractured ribs.

Two broad bandages round chest

Arm of injured side in large arm sling

Removal of patient from railway carnage on to platform

Judge-" The ambulance has now arrived"

Removal of patient from platform into ambulance

General care of pat ient

PART B. (INDIVIDUAL TESTS.)

No. 1. - The patient, a man of 72 years of age, missed his footing in stepping out of the train, and came down on his right foot with force. He now lies on the platform unable to rIse. An ambulance haversac is in the waiting-room close by. The servIces of a bystander unskilled in first aid are available. Act as you should.

TIme allowed, 10 minutes.

The patient is lying on his back with his right foot turned outwards.

Ask if he complains of Yes, about the right hlp ... ... : .. . ..

Can he lift his right heel off the ground? No

Noting the position of the right foot

!"Ioling the presence of shortening by comparIson

Gently steadying and extending the right leg

Tying feet together

Send ing bystander for ambulance haversac

Encouraging words to patient

Keeping back crowd

Splint from axilla to below foot

Padded for axilla

Seven bandages and knots

Correct positions

Covering for shock

3 3

Send bystander to telephone for ambulance and stretcher Judge-" The ambulance and stretcher have arrived."

Inquiring for assistance in load ing ambulance. Driver and one bystander, neither of whom are first aiders, avaIlable

Demonstrating- to these what is required of them 3

Out of sight of patient... 2

Loading stretcher 2

Possible extra marks 10

No. 2.-The patient, a young porter, was walking along the platform of a country station when he slipped on some orange peel and fell upon the prong of a pitchfork, which has lower .portion of his left axillary artery. The patIent has rIsen to hIS feet and extracted the pitchfork. There IS an ambulance haversac in the booking office, 50 yards away.

Act as you should.

Time allowed, 10 minutes.

Gently seating patient ...

Position of competitor opposite shoulder

Immediate digital pressure on subclavian artery

Correct position of thumb

Head on one side

Arm depressed

Encouraging words to patient

AI D.- 275

Calling for assistance. There is one man near, not a first aider him to booking office for ambulance haversac

And to tell bookIng clerk to send for doctor ( 2) and for 2 transport (2)

On his return instructing bystander to make pad 4

Covered with boric lint 3

Instructing him to apply pad and bandage to armpit 3

Encircling bandage

Asking if bleeding is controlled

Answer according to effectiveness of work 3

Covering patient

Not leaving patient until skilled attention obtained 3

Treat for shock 3

No stimulants given 3

Possible extra marks

Nos. 3 and 4.-When unloading a truck filled with bananas at a large station the patient is bitten in the right wrist by a snake which remains hidden among the fru i t. The patient faints with fright, and in falling causes a compound fracture of his right forearm. There is no arterial h ce morrhage. An ambulance haversac is available 100 yards away. Act as you should.

Time allowed, IS minutes.

The patient is ly ing on his face with his left arm extended and his right arm under hIm.

Closing truck to prevent escape of snake

Marking truck as a warning of its contents

Gently turning patient over

I mmediate covering of compound fracture (3) and of patient (2)

Steadying and supporting arm

Keeping crowd back ...

No extension

No constriction on forearm

Undo tight clothing round neck and chest bystander for ambulance haversac .. .

Applying permanganate of potash to snake bite

Method of application

Covering with boric lint (2) as a fomentation (3)

Cotton wool ( r); bandage (1) ... ..

Removal of constriction...

Painting fracture wound with iodine

Ampoule

Manner of use

Covering with boric lint

Avoiding unnecessary handling

Cotton wool ( 1) bandage (1)

Splints (2) ; padding for inequalities (3)

Bandages (3) ; larg-e arm sling ( I)

Further examination of patient. Judge.-" There is a large bruise on the left temple where he struck his head on the corner of a box as he fell "

Examination of eyes for to light (2), absent; touch (2), absent; equalIty (2), unequal

Breathing. Becoming louder

Limbs. Right side paraly!:>ed

Colour of face. Congested

Cold to seat of injury (2) as spirits from refreshment room (3)

Raising head and shoulders

Give nothing by the mouth

Warmth to lower extremities

Inquiry as to doctor (1) not available; hospital (r) mile away; transport (I) you can have an ambulance in 20 minutes or a large private car at once

Choosing private car for spe<>d

Loading patient into car .... .. up to hospital (4) accompanying to hO$pital (2) POSSIble extra marks

Time allowed, 5 minutes.

No. 5.- What is asphyxia?

When owing to want of pure air the patient becomes insensible 3

Enumerate the causes of asphyxia and give two examples of each.

Smothering (I), such as pillow (I) or haycock (r) 3

2

2

2

7

FIRST

Foreign bodies in throat (1 ), such as meat (I) or false teeth ( I ) 3

Scalds anu burns of throat ( 2 ), as by steam ( I) or corrosive poisons (2)

Compression of throat ( I ), such as hanging (I) or strangulation(l ) 3

Pressure on chest ( I ), such as by crowd ( I ), debris or sand ( I ) 3

Replacing air by fluid ( I ), such as water (I) or beer (I) 3

Replacing air by gases Judge.-" Give six examples. "

gas (I ), sewer g-as ( 1) coal gas (I ), petrol fumes (I ), smoke ( I ) carbon dioxide (1) 6 Narcotic poisons ( I ), such as opi urn (I ) or chloral ( I) 3

poisons ( 1), such as strychnine (r) or belladonna ( r ) 3

St. John J\mbulance Srigade.

St. John Ambulance Brigade (Final) Competitions.

BRIGADE men and women from all over the country were present at the Wharncliffe Rooms, Hotel Great Central, on May 23rd when the annual competitions for the " Dewar" Shield the "Symons Eccles" Cup and" Perrott" Shield took place. As is desCrIbed in another part of the Journal,

Major P. G. Darvil Smith and Mr. E. Wrigglesworth of Brigade Htadquarters who with the assistance of a voluntary staff, undertook the complete organisation of the competitions.

Teams representing both ambulance and Nursing Divisions in each district of the Brigade contested through. out the day and towards 4.30 the Duchess of York was received by the Acting Chief Commissioner Major General Sir Percival Wilkinson and the Lady Supt. in Chief of Nursing Division Lady Perrott.

A mal ch past before the Duchess took place prior to the distribution of prizes, and Sir Percival WIlkinson announced that in the ambulance team competitions the Dewar Challenge Shield had been secured by Bricklayers' Arms and the Symons Eccles Challenge Cup by Hampstead. In the nursing team competitions the Perrott Challenge Shield went to Ramsgate, witn London Bridge only two marks behind.

Other teams which competed in the finals, all of which received prizes, were :J Ramsgate

Abertillery

June, 19 2 4.

-PlltST

town, and are now returning by train with full equipment. From the carriage you are watching a hunt, and in particular, a rider well behind the field. This man in taking a hedge is thrown, and makes no attempt to rise. Your train will pull up at Wharncliffe Station, which is about 100 yards from the scene of the accident. There is a farm fifty yards away in the next field, and a cottage hospital two miles away.

Act. Time limit, 20 minutes.

N.B.- The judge will answer any question as to what the correct use of your senses might discover in actual emergency, but will penalise unnecessary questions.

Mode of reading card in carriage

Mode of approach on patient

For present leave patient as found

Halt at head of patient: wait officer's orders

" Lower stretcher" ; "Prepare stretcher II

Nos. 2 and 4 proceed at once to patient

Nos. I and '3 prepare stretcher; orders

Ask if there are any bystanders (no)

Examination of patient-

Ask if there is any visible h c:e morrhage (no)

Ask if any visible deformity (left foot is inverted and left upper limb is in unnatural position)

Take steps to protect injured limbs

Call Nos. and 3 to a3sist; loosen clothing

Ask if patient conscious ( find out)

Speak to patient (he mutters incoherently)

Examine pupils ( botn equal and react slowly )

Remove patient's hat carefully ( method )

Examine face ( 3) head ( 3 ), base of skull (3) , ( 3 ), and pelvis ( 3) If method s Satisfactory, iudge declares no injuries

Examine left lower limb for wound (no)

For irregularity ( no ) shortening (yes, two inches )

A sk if possible to move joints ( yes, except hip )

If any deformity (yes, at hip joint )

Detail bearer to control left hip joint

Examine left upper .limb; start with clavicle

Ask if irregularity (yes, middle of clavicle)

Ask if any loss of power ( yes, partial )

Examine l mb for wounds and other in-

juries ( none ) ...

( N B. - Answers only given if methods satisfa c tory ).

Deta il Bearer to conlrol broken clavicle .. . 2

AID

Pad (2 in. by 4 in.) in armpit (I) : bend forearm (I) 2

Shoulder well back (J): St. John sling (3) 4

Broad bandage passed round elbow and 2

Arranged to lever out left shoulder 2

Examine pulse: and, if present, tighten sling 3

Ask condition of patient (no change) 2

Character of breathing (quiet): pulse (fair) 2

State of pupils (no change) : bleeding (no) 2

Clear fluid from ears, nose and mouth (no) 2

Judge says: "Ambulance is on the way and Doctor will be at Hospital in thirty minutes."

" Load stretcher": "lift patient": "lower patient" 4

Cover patient: hot bottles (tested and protected) 3

Head and shoulders slir,htly raised 2

Head to one side: watch breathing 2

Judge: "Ambulance is near farmhouse, but driver declines to come into field because is so rough that the springs of Ambulance might be broken.

Transport to Ambulance-

"Stand to stretcher": " lift" : "adjust slings": "advance"

Do not change bearers (journey only fifty yards)

Careful watch during transport

6 3 3

Bricklayers' Arms Division Team.-Winners of No. District Champ ;onship 1922-23. 2 4; Symon Eccles Cup, 1923 ; Dewar Shield, 192 4 ; Standing. - Pte. H. B. Bowes, Pte. F. Dicker. SeatedCpl. G. Botler, Divsl. Supt. A. J. Green (Captain ),

During the proceedings the leader of th e Ramsgat e Nursing Division presented a boquet to the Duchess of York. A vote of thanks to the Duchess was proposed by the Earl of Scarborough and seconded by Mr. Kekewich and the Chief Commissioner expressed his thanks to all the helpers who had been the means of making the competitions such a success, this was seconded by Supt. Green the leader of the winning team. The Southern Railway Military Band who gave their services, rendered music during the afternoon.

All the competitors were indeb ed to Mr. J. Bark e r who acted as patient and M.s. E. Beard as the mother of the inj ured boy, in the Nun:ing Competition. Pte. D. Ranson.

the contests this year were admirably staged and as far as realism is concerned nothing more could be desired, this was achieved under the personal supervision of

"DEWAR" CHALL ENGE SHI E LD AND "SYMONS ECCLES" CHALLENGE CUP

1924. T EAM TE ST. CARD 1.- You have been on public duty in a neighbouring

Turn patient gently on his back 2 P /lOto oy Crap/t ic P/lO O Vm·OJl.

Method of turning (care of injured limbs)

Examine Right upper, lower limbs, 3 Brigade Final Competition.-Hampstead Nursing Division in the team test. thorax, abdomen, ( if methods satisfactory Judge declares no injuries)

Diagnosis :-Concussion (2): Dislocation Left Hip (2) : and Simple Fracture Left Clavicle...

Ask if there is a telephone at farm? (not known)

Officer sends Bearer to farm with written message to phone report to Hospital, and to ask for Ambulance and Doctor. Officer also instructs Bearer that if on arrival he finds that there is no telephone he should ask farmer to send blaukets, hot boltles, etc. to scene of accident as quickly as possible while the Bearer himself runs to station and asks Stationmaster to allow use of telephone

(Bearer to be detained at Station three minutes.)

Treatment of Dislocated Hip-

12 4 2 2 10

Ask most comfortable position of leg? 4

(Judge places left lower limb flexed at hip and knee and with toes on dorsum of other foot.)

Arrange suitable support for left leg

Neatness and efficiency of method adopted Judge says: "Farmer has arrived."

Treatment of Fractured ClavicleRemove coat (2): unfasten left brace (I)

4 4 3

Prepare to load ambulance (No. rand 3 on left, No.2 and 4 on right, No.2 opposite to NO.3)

" Lift stretcher'" "load"'" fall in"

Transport to'

Officer asks driver if 100m for team (yes)

Officer tells driver to proceed quickly but gently

Team arrange themselves on and in ambulance

Careful observation of patient during transport

Arrived at hospital, officer reports to doctor

Giving history, diagnosis and treatment

Stating also that there may be fractured base

Though signs of this injury were not apparent

General smartness and co-operation of team

Competence of officer (who does no actual work)

I. PERROTT" CHALLENGE SHIELD COMPETITION, 19 2 4. TEAnI TEST.

Card of Instruction.-You have been to a Competition in a neighbouring town and have half an hour to spare before your tr:ain (which you must catch) leaves for home. You have your full equipment except a stretcher.

You are now walking down a side street and just outside a

COl\IPETITION,

-FIttST

-FIRST

fishmongers shop you see this boy-who suddenly dashed across the road-knocked ::lown by a passing motor which does not stop. He is lying on his right side in the gutter close to the kerb, and has a wound just above his right eye. His face is extremely pale ; his breathing is short and shallow; and he has just coughed up a small quantity of bright frothy blood.

Act, remove boy home and place in bed.

Time allowed-2o minutes.

N.B.-The Judge will answer any question as to facts which the correct use of your senses might discover in actual emergency, but will penali ze unnecessary questions.

Note for Judge.-Among the crowd are four St. John Cadets who, if asked, can procure a stretcher. As teams advance the patient's mother rushes up Doctor, it summoned, cannot come for half an hour.

Immediate Act:on-

Prompt advanct" on boy : keep back crowd

Immediately note and record number of car

Take steps to protect boy from traffic

Tact and sympathy towards boy's mother

Prevent her attempts to raise boy

I nvite assistance of St. John Cadets

Ask where boy lives (three minutes walk away )

Where doctor lives (I mile ) ; where hospital (3 miles)

AID.-

Treatment of patient-

Injuries diagnosed, gently turn boy on back.,.

Keep recumbent, head low and turned to side

Do not incline toward injured side

June, 19 2 4

Send cadet for ice, warm boiled water, etc , to shop

Wound of Head-

Wash wound freely with sterile water

Apply iodine to wound; allow to dry

Clean dry absorbent dress ing; firm pad

N arrow bandage round head (knot on pad )

Fractured left clavicle-

Do not remove coat; loosen brace

Pla c e large pad in axilla; flex forearm

Support forearm in St. John sling

Omit body bandage (ow ing to rib injuries)

F ractured ribsKeep flat; ensure plenty of fresh air

Give ice to suck or sips of cold water

Apply lump of ice in flannel to right side

Fan ; sprinkle cold water on face

Apply smelling salts to nostr ils

Ask if signs of impending collapse (no)

Confirm by examining patient and puls e

Decide not to up the limbs

Cov er patient warmly

Transport of pati ent -

Ask cadets if they can secure stretcher (y es )

Ask mother if bedroom ready ( no, it is washing day and bedroom is upside down)

Decide send two Sist e rs in advance with Moth er

Explicit instructions to Sisters and Mother

Send bystander to Doctor (full written details)

State that boy IS being taken home (address)

Two sisters prepare and test stretcher ,.

And instruct Cadets in the ir duties

Select strongest boy as o. 3 bearer

Offic er gives orders to " load" stretcher ...

To " ift " boy on knees, to "lower" on stretcher

Then cover patient warmly (hot bottles, etc .)

When ready, give orders to "lift stretcher : Sisters "adjust slings" and watch boy carefully

Officer orders Cadets to " advance"

And later to "halt" and to "lower stretcher"

CONTENTS OF THIS

Foreword by H. R H. T he Grand Prior

EDITORIALLooking Forward

The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England

News from Chapter-General

The History of the V.A. D. Budrum and Budrun

Some Observations on the Inter -Rai lway Competitions, 19 2 4 '"

St. John Ambulan c e Brigade Competitions (Fi nal)

T he Competition FlOals...

Briga de Appointments, &c

DISTRICT REPORTS-

Prince of Wales's; No. 3 No.6 No. 10 No. II

P (ince of \Vales's District Inspect on

The St. John Ambulance Brigade Ov erseas

Our Essay Competition (3)

PRIORY FOR WALES-

Brigade News

General Interest

Centre Reports

News in Brief

I'ersonal .\dva nt ages of First Aid

REVIEWS-

First Aid Ready Reference

Straight Talks to Women

QUERIES AND ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS-

Penalti es in Competition

Examination Howler ...

Some Causes of , \sphyxia

Th e Us e of Iodine for Wounds

Bites of Rabid Animals...

I L-c -norrhage with \spbyxia '"

\ Compound Comp icated Compelition Test

Treatment of Fractur ed Patella '"

Tr eatment of Fractured Elbow ".

Us e of Sm ell ing Salts

T reatment of Apoplexy...

Extension with Compound Fractures

Treatment of Compression

Petrol for Wounds

Str et ch er Drill

AMBULANCE CUTTINGS FROM THE PRESS" Gassed" by a Motor Car

AIO.The Competition Finals.

THE two outstanding events in the Ambulance YEar are all question, the Inter-Railway and the Brigade Fmais 10 which for 1924 may briefly summarised as "a cO,uple oj settees and a piece of siring" versus "complete pzctures oj team tests. " It is passing strange that the Association still fails utterly to respond to the wishes of competitors (who want to learn as well as to submit their knowledge to examination) and to the claims of spectators look to their as of inspiration) ; and this (or want. of actIOn) IS rendered the more deplorable In that the BrIgade has year after year improved on its efforts t? depict the scenes of its tests as near as possible to actual Ctrcumstances How else any judge can form a fair estimate of the capabilities of competitors treat cases to actual emergency passes comprehension! !

.. pleasing in this years' Brigade Compet,ltltlOn was the establrshment of a "Competition Staff" which was composed of two prominent lay officials and the well known ambulance-surgeons with an active and efficient secretary. By this means the St. John tradition-which delegates instruction and examination to doctors and to laymen-was honoured in its entirety j and UnIty of actIOn was secured. The tests were all standardised and solved by the doctors and the laymen in strict accordance with the Textbooks and the team tests were presented (through properties supplied by the Chiswick Scenic Studios) in such wonderfully realistic fashion that no competitor could complain that he (or she) forgot where he (or she) was-whether in the hunting field or in a side-street with fisbmonger's shop near bye. The net of this forethought and preparation was that the detailed sheet of the Brigade Tests have been received on all sides with grateful appreciation, whereas in the InterR,ailway Final there was much outspoken dissatisfaction With reference .to the marking sheets and more particularly to penalty lmposed for moving patient (rom the railway carnage before complete eX3.mination, and also to the new arrangement whereby the Individual Tests were held in on the previous day. Truly the Brigade has scored a mented success whereas the Association must look to its laurels and that right quickly! !

P/lOtO by Crapltic P ll OtO U n io ,t , Brigade Final Competitions.-

The representatives of No. 12 (Irish) District attending their patient.

Ask distance from boy's home to station (5 minutes walk )

Examination of Patient-

Establish degree of consciousness ..

By speaking to boy (dazed, but answers)

Examine wound-colour of blood (dark red )

If blood spurts (no); if bleeding freely (no)

If clean (no, dirty); ifforeign body (no)

If signs of fracture beneath wound (no)

Cover wound with dressing for the present

Ask boy if in pain (left shoulder and right side )

Examine shoulder-locate pain in clavicle

Ask if boy can move his left arm (yes, slightly)

If swelling (irregularity in middle of clavicle)

Loosen clothes freely: ask if any wound (no)

Decide Simple Fracture of Left Clavicle

Examine right chest for wound (none)

For irregularity of ribs (well marked 7th, 8th and 9th)

Decide Complicated Fracture of Right Ribs

Rapidly exclude other injuries to head

Spine (3), pelvis (3), right upper (3), lower limbs (6)

Abdomen (3), left thorax ( I), (injuries only disclosed by Judge if methods are satisfactory)

Home preparat io ns Take out of room what is necessary Arrange room as in Fig. 4 of Textbook

Single bed (free a cces s at ends and sides ) . ,.

Place washstand, two chairs and two tables

Make bed rapidly, sacking on mattress

Mackintosh taut and tu c ked under mattress

Under blanket and over this an undersheet ,

Both taut and tucked all round under mattress

Bolster in case placed close to head of bed

Mackintosh drawsheet from bolster to knees

Cotton drawsheet folded lengthwise and

Wider than mackintosh and equal to Ii widths

Of bed: one end tucked in one side

The other folded smoothly and tucked away

Or hanging freely as a pinned roll

Pillow in slip projecting beyond the bolster

Topsheet long enough for its upper end

To turn down and its lower end

To be tucked away under mattress

Blankets (2) brought to edge of pillow

Not folded back over patient's chest

Bottom ends loosened for freedom of feet

Foot end of upper blanket folded back

Light and porous quilt hangs down and covers all

Flames from Pocket

(Continued from page 278.)

Methods of tucking; keep hands down

Extend fin g ers : hands pointing to hands ...

Move hands sideways and so place sheet

Procure test, and place hot water bottles in bed

Arrival of patient-

Fold back bedclothes for reception of boy

Protect bed with extra blanket

On which patient is laid fully clothed

stretcher is unloaded by Cadets

Actmg under explicit orders of Officer

Officer, asks, if any change in condition (no)

Especl,!-lly If bleeding from lungs or wound ( no)

Renew Ice on c hest: make comfortable Other pointsSmartness, neatness and efficiency of work Control by Officer (who does no actual work )

The "PLUMBER « JOURNAL OF HEATING" (IS. monthly) is THE paper for all progressive tradesmen.-Publishing Office 46, Cannon Street, E.C.4.

.As for the each "Day" was a day of reUnIon and goodwlll Without which the Ambulance Movement would lose much of its attraction since enthusiasts (lay and medical) from all parts of the are a?le to meet together, to fraternise and to discuss progressive plans the future. In of the deplorable absence of effects. Dr. C. J. McFadden judged the Inter-Railway Team Tests with admirable fairness which was enhanced by the close attention given to the efforts of individual bearers; and first place was won by the Southern Railway (Hither Green) team, the members of which well deserved their success. In the" Perrott" Team Test the judges were, Dr. Pim (who has served the cause well and forty and Miss D. Finch, late Matron of UDlverslty College Hospital and the shield was fairly won No.8 District Division), the members of which gave an excellent display of First Aid and Nursing. The" Dewar" Team Test was judged by Dr. Corbet Fletcher who was deputed to act at the last moment and his succ 7ss of yea.r by judging in his attentive and Impartial fashion; and the was won by No. r District (Bricklayers Arms DIVISIOn), .whlch .team,. gave a splendid demonstration of Fast Aid, both In Theory and Practice. -ALEXANDER BROWNE.

Brigade Appointments, Etc.

MAY, 1924.

The Chief Commissioner has sanctioned the following appointments, promotions, transfers and resignations :-

PRINCE OF WALES'S DISTRICT.

Lady District Supt. The Countess Onslow transferred to Brigade Reserve, 19.5.24

Brixton Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon H. Young 30.5.24

Manor Park Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

Maria Richards to be Lady Divisional Supt., 23.4· 54, vice Mrs. Jacobs resinned.

Richmond Nursing Division.-Divisional Surgeon L. Clark Newton resigned, 30.5.24

South Metropolitarl Gas Co. Corps (No. 4 Division ).-

Robert Corfe, M. R.C.S., L.R.c.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 26 3. 24

NO.2 DISTRICT.

Slough Nursing Division.-Mabel Emily Hall to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 15 5.24

Lady District Officer Mrs. Indermaur resigned, 30.5.24

No. 3 DISTRICT.

Birmingham Corps.-Ambulance Officer H. E. Cotton transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 2.6.24

Kettering Corps (Headquarters Division).-Ambulance Officer A. B. Bagley resigned, 27.5.24

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Bacup D ivision.- John Arthur Barrett to be Ambulance Officer, 26.5.24

Leigh Nursing Division.-Sarah Ann Johnson to be Lady Ambulance Officer, 12.5.24

Oldham Corps.-Isaiah Hall to be Corps Officer, 13 .5.24

Oldham Corps ( Equitable Division).-Ambulance Officer

H. Mellor to be Divisional Supt., 19.5.24

Fred Ramsker to be Ambulance Officer, 19.5.24

Rochdale Nursing Division.-Margaret Melvin, M.B., Ch.B ., to be Lady Divisional Surgeon, 31.3.24

NO.5 DISTRICT.

Barnsley Division.-Divisional Surgeon T. Howell resigned, 27.5.24

Bentinck Colliery Division.-Supt. E. W. Lane transferred to Brigade Reserve, 27.5.24

Bolsover Division.- ·-J ohn Benjamin McKay, M. B., Ch. B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 24 .3 2 4

Bradford Corps (Tramways Divsion).-Jeremiah Joseph Murphy, M.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 20.2.24

Bullcroft Corps.-Supt. John Griddle to be Corps Supt.,

12.5. 2 4

John Bullard to be Corps Sergt.-Major, 12.5.24

Bullcroft Corps (Bullcroft Division).-Ambulance Officer

Sidney Griddle to be Divisional Supt., 12.5.24

David Palmer to be Ambulance Officer, 12.5.24

Denaby Main Corps (Askern Nursing Division).-Lady

Ambulance Offirer Mary J. Smith resigned, 27.5.24

Dewsbury and District Corps (Batley Division).-Joseph

Kelly to be Ambulance Officer, 12.5. 24

Doncaster Division.-Donald Macaskell to be Divisional Supt , 12.5.24

Eccleshill Nursing Division.-Lady Ambulance Officer

L. Cole reverts to Ambulance Sister at own request, 11.2.24

Halifax Corps (Elland Division).-Ambulance Officer

Harold Beaumont to be Divisional Supt., 6.5.24

Leeds Corps.-Divisional Supt. Robert Henry Baker to be Corps Officer, 6.5 24

Leeds Corps (Burley, Kirkstall and Headingley Division).

-Ambulance Officer Matthews Bray Fenton to be Divisional Supt., 6.5.24

Lincoln Corps (" A" DlvlslOn).-Ambulance I Officer

Herbert Bancroft Seaton to be Divisional Supt., 6.5.24

New Hucknall Collieries Corps.-Ambulance Officer

Orlando Boyce to be Corps Officer, 20.3.44

AtD.-

Nottingham Corps (City Division).-vVilliam Henry Saunderson to ce Ambulance Officer, 13 5.24

Rossington Division.-Patrick Kane, M.B., B.Ch., D.P.H., to be Divisional Surgeon, 26.3 24

Scunthorpe and District Corps (Keadby and Althorpe

Division).-James Clyne Trigue Crowden, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisional Surgeon, 24.3.24

Shipley and District Corps ( North Division ).-C orps

Sergt. - Major Alfred Beaumont to be Ambulance Officer, 6.5.24

No.6 DISTRICT.

Ashington Company Corps (Bothal Division ).-Supt. J. Page reverts to the ranks at own request, 16.5.24

Blythe and District Nursing Division.-M iss Russell

re-instated in the rank of Lady Ambulance Officer, 30.5.24

Hetton-Ie-Hole Nursing Division.-Mary Elizabeth Kennedy to be Lady Ambulance Officer for Cadets, ro.5.24

North Durham Corps (Gateshead Borough D ivisio n ).William Thomson, L.R.C .P., L.R.S.P., to be Divisional Surgt.On,25·24

North Tyneside Corps (W hitley Bay and Monkseaton

Division ).-Harry Wilk i nson to be Ambulance Officer, 24.5.4Withernsea Nursing D ivision.-Lady Supt. Mrs. Rapier resigned, 27.5.24

No.8 DISTRICT.

Ramsgate Nurs ing Div isi on - Lady Supt. Mrs. A. Grummant and L:ldy Ambulance Officer M. A. Dunbar resigned, 27.5.24

Lady Ambulance Officer M. A. Dunbar transferred to the Brigade Reserve, 27.5.24

NO.9 DISTRICT.

Falmouth Nursing Division.-Edith Opie to be Lady Ambulance Officer for Cadets, 6 5.24

Ford Nursing Division .-Jam es Nixon Morris, M,R.C.S., L.R.C.P., to be Divisional Surgeon, 14.5.24

Helston Division.-James Bennetts Gilbert to be Divisional Supt., 23 5.24

Pool Cam Brea D ivi sion. -Ambu lan ce Officer J. H. Craze to be Divisional Supt" 5.5.24

Transport Officer Rich ar d J ory to be Ambulanc e Officer, 5,5 2 4

No. 10 DI STRICT.

Haverhill Division.- William Scriviner to be Ambulance Officer, 22.5.24

No. I I DISTRICT.

Aldershot Division.-Thoma.; Wright, M.B., C.M., D.P.H., to be Divisional Surgeon, 9.5.24

No. 12 DISTRICT.

Morgan Mooney 's Division.-Ambulance Officer Joseph Patrick MacNamara to be Divis ional Supt., 1.1.24, vice Supt. Keogh reverted to Ambulance Officer at own request.

NEW DIVISIONS, &c.

Divisions sanctioned, disbanded and re-named :-

NO.3 DISTRICT.

Dunlop Division.-Sanctioned, 29424

Wansford and District Division.-Sanctioned, 29-4.24

NO.4 DISTRICT.

Blackpool Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 6.5.24

Dalton-in-Furness Cadet Division.-Sanctloned, 19.5.24

NO.5 DI STR ICT.

Sowerby Bridge Cadet D ivision.-Sanctioned, 14.5.24

No.6 DISTRICT.

West Pelton and Twizell Division.-Sanctioned, 1.5. 24

Gateshead Fell Division.-Sanctioned, 26424

North Shields Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 1.3.24

NG. 7 DISTICT.

Church Steetton Nursing Division.-Sanctioned, 6.5. 24

No. 9 DISTRICT.

Helston Division.-Sanctioned, 5.5.24

June, 1924 -FIRST

No. 10 DISTRICT.

Dereham and District Division. - Sanctioned, 31.3. 24

North Walsham Division.-Sanctioned, 17.4.24

Haverhill Cadet Division.-Sanctioned, 27.5.24

No. 12 D]<';TRICT.

Holy's Division - Sanctio ned, 27.5.24

P. WILKINSON (Major-General), Acting Chief Commissioner

Prince of Wales's District COMMISSIONER:

W. H. WINNY, O.B.E.

SUNDAY DUTY AT ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL JULY, 1924.

July " "

6th-No. 28 Division, Harold and Wealds tone

[3th-No. 29 Walthamstow

20th-No. 30 East London

27th - o. 13 " Bermonds ey and Walworth

Duty from 2.30 pm., t o 8. p.m., Key from St. Johns, Gate at 2 p.m.

U '\1 fORM.

When Brigade Service Dress is worn by Commission ers, \ssistant Commissioners, District and County Surgeons, on Ceremonial occasions, white kid gloves and medals are to be worn.

BRIGADE COMPETITION

I he Acting Chief Commissioner desires to conv ey his thanks to those offi;:ers and members who took part in the Guard of IIonour to H.R. H. the Duchess of York, on the occasion of the Brigade Competitions on May 2Jrd. H e also desires to thank those officers and members who acted as Stewards and Order l es inside the hall on this occasion. Th e Comm issioner would like to place on record his own appreciatIOn and thanks to these members of the No. I District, and to Sty that he considered the smart manner in which they reported for their various duties reflected considerab le credit on the District.

VOUCHERS

Officers in charge of both Ambulance and Nursing D ivisiolls are asked to see that the Railway Vouc het Bo oks at present In use by them are the correct ones. The old voucher contains the words? "at a singl e for the double journey." The new voucher reads: "at the authorised fare."

Any books in use of the old type should be imm ediatel y returned to the Commissioner and a fresh one applied for.

ANNUAL INSPECTION.

At the Annual Inspection on June by H.R.H. The Duke of York, it was gratifying to find that the muster was the biggest on record. About 3,000 of all ranks were present. (Sign ed) W H. WINNY, Commt"sst'oner.

A presentation of awards to the members of the Post Office Centre, took place at King Edward Building G.P.O. on May 19th. The c hair was taken by Colonel H. V. Pry nne, F.RC.S., L.R.C.P., the President. The presentations were made by Major-General Sir Percival S. Wilkinson, KC.M.G., C. B., Secretary General, and Dire c tor of the Ambulance Department of The Order of St. John. They consisted of Medals to Winning Te am of P.O.A.C. Challenge Shield. ( Inland Section), Medals to Worren's Trophy. Team (Savings Bank). Medalc; to joint winners of the Corps Individual Trophy. Miss J. W. Porter (A.G.D.) and Mr. W. H Broom. (Inla nd Sect io n ) 105 First Aid Certificates; 24 Home Nursing Certificates; 16 Vouchers; 24 Medallions ; By Labels; 29

AID 281

Pendants, and also a Vellum Vote of Thanks awarded by The Chapter· General of the Order of St. John, to Corps Supt., A. F. Hall.

Sir Percival 'Wilki nson in his address, paid a tribute to the Post Office Division and the valuable assistance they had rendered on all public duty occasions, and particularly during the trying time at W embley when arrangements were not quite complete. He also emphas is ed the lack of self int erest, and the devotion to their mission of helpfulness which characterised St. John Am bulance men, and gave instances of very long service and assistance rendered, with no other reward except the satisfaction of hav ing done their duty. He conconcluded by giving an hearty invitation to visit the very unique museum and apartments at St. John's Gate. Mr. J. Lee, Esq., O.B.E., M.A., M.Com. The Controller of the Central Telegraph Office, in a few remarks, made a comparison between the modern ambulance man and the man of Samaria raising a hearty laugh, when he said those who passed by on the other side must have been Controllers, in those days. Whilst the Good Samaritan, who brought his sympathy and scientific knowledge to bear in binding up his wounds, and transporting him to a place of safety was a count erpart of the St. John's man.

Other speakers included Miss E A Cox, Superintendent, London Telephones: H. Sparkes, O.B.E., Controller, G.P.O. St ores, and Miss A. M. \Valker, Deputy Supt., Savings' Ba nk.

XO. 7 (TOYNBEE HALL) DIVISION.-On May 28th a large gath erin g of members, with their ladies and friends, assembled 1D the Drawing Room at Toynbee Hall and spent a pleasant even ing on the occasion of a special social held in celebration of the Division's success in retaining the Efficiency Cup for the thir d successive year.

During the cours e of the evening Supt. A :0: ewton outlined the associations of the Division with the trophy, from it s institution to date, and concluded his remarks by presenting to Corpl. T. Trussler a clock, as a token of appreciation from the members of the three teams. Corpl. H. Fry and Private A. T Rollinson paid great tribute to the hard and persistent work performed by Corpl. Trussler, which, coupled with his patience and appreciation of individual difficulties, have led to success.

I n reply, Corpl. Trussler expressed his surprise and thanks, but suggested that having participated in the work each team member was worthy of Similar praise.

Th e occasion was happily crowned by the presentat ion by Supt. N ewton to the Cor poral of h is third stripe.

During the evening light refreshments were served, and a bright musical programme was contribut ed by Miss D. Rollinson and M essrs. Bressor, Abbey, Webb and A. E. Rollinson.

No. 9 (ROYAL BOROUGH OF KENSINGTOX) Nl.'RSI TG DIVISION.-On May 22nd this Division sustained a great loss by the death of Mrs. Seton Christopher, Lady of Grace of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England. For seven years an active member, Mrs. Christopher had recently been appointed Lady Div isional Secretary.

NO.4 District.

L EICESTER.-Gr eat excitement prev ail ed at Desford on May 17th, when some ISO members of the Leicester Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade 'With their friends passed through on their way to the Desford Colliery. They had left Headquarters, Rechabite Hall. Dover Street, Leicester, at 2-30 p.m. being conveyed by motor charabancs proc eeding to a supposed disaster at the colliery. Dr. Garrett of Earl Shilton, and Dr. Allen of Leicester were among the visitors. The manager of the Desford Colliery and his staff welcomed the party, and immediately proceeded to direct operations. Members of the Brigade -(men and women ) were formed up-the men into stretcher squads to deal with a number of supposed accidents at the p it head, which had been sent up from underground for First Aid treatment by the Ashby rescue party, and to be conveyed to the temporary hospital in the carpenters' shop which had very kindly been rigged up and arranged by the colliery management where the nursing officers and sisters took r.harge, redressing the wounds and making the patients generally com-

-FIRST

fortable, pending their conv eyan c e to the Leicester Infirmary. The Ashby rescue party, who presented a most smart, fil. and efficient appearance, gave a most interesting and instructive demonstration of their work at the pit head. When their apparatus had been adjusted their captain took the state of the meters denoting that they were now prepared to proceed to the scene of an actual disaster. A patient suffering from gas poisoning was provided, on whom they demonstrated the restOl ation of the apparently dead. It was interesting to Brigade members to learn that" Scbafers' " method of artificial respiration is always used by the party in conjunction with their own oxygen appJ.ratus. \Vhilst all this wa, in progress at the pit head. members of the party, in sections of about 16 or 20, each supplied with a Davy lamp, had bp.en taken down the mine in charge of a colliery gUIde to view the workings and conditions underground, and by their experience to realise what services of First Aid would be required and cases expected in the event of a calamity.

:Yl0RECA IIHE.-On May 6th the Ambulance and Nursing Divisions held their Annual Inspe c tion in the Ambulance Drill Hall, Morecambe. The Inspecting Officer was Assistant Commissioner W. S. Woodcock, Bamben Bridge, and after the Inspection, during which he examined several members for promotion, he complimented the on their magnificent Drill Hall.

There were on parade Supt. J. A. Willis, Ambulance Officers Benson and Norman, and 25 other ranks out of a total of 33 in the Ambulance Div isi on, and Supt. Miss M. G. Lupten, Lady Ambulance Officers 1\1 iss Benson, Miss and Mrs. Raine, and I Ambulance Sisters out of a total of I9 in the Tu rsing Division.

No. 6 District.

Some months ago, the presented a handsome Cup for Competition and for the of Ambulance work amongst the various polIce forces in the district. This is now known as the" Palmer" Police Ambulance Trophy.

After the preliminaries and semi-finals, in which keen interest and close competition was displayed, the ambulance team of the Gateshead-on-Tyne Police Force carried off the Trophy this year. The members of the winning team were:Sergt. W. Gibson, P.C. Offord, P.C. Richardson, P.C Collins, and P.C. Young, and each received a silver medal.

Assistant Commissioner Stanley Embleton, in the absence of the Commissioner abroad, commented upon the excellence of the ambulance WOI k performed, and handed over the Trophy to Councillor, W. J Pickering, Chairman of the G:lleshead Watch Committee, who in turn presented the Cup and Medals to the successful team. In making the presentation, Councillor PIckering declared that Gateshead had a PolIce Force second to none in the North of England. The excellent standard of the ambulance work was an indication of their general efficiency.

No. 10 District.

Ip SWICH .-During the month the results have come to hand of two very large classes in first-aid which will have the effect of considerably adding to the strength of Ipswich Corps. Interest ng presentations were made to the instructors, who were in no small measure responsible for the success of the classes, namely, a silver watch, suitably inscribed, to Corps Officer W. C. Smith, and an engraved silver teapot to Supt. E Goddard, from members of the classes.

On Saturday, May loth, a party, numbering some twenty members of the Gippeswyk Division of the Ipswich Corps, were conducted round the museum attached to the Royal College of Surgeons, by Supt. A. A. Atkins of the East Ham Division. Altogether, a most interesting and instructiv e day was spent, and best thanks were accorded to Supt. Atkins, who is a most capable guide and lecturer, by Corps Officer W. C. Smith, who arranged the visit, and Supt. Goddard.

A detachment of Nurses, with Lady Corps Supt. Miss Haggar in command, was present at Elizabethan F e te on

I D.- June, 1924.

Saturday, May 1 [st, which was held at Hatfield Park, in aid of the Hertfordshire County Nursing Association. Owing to the unfortunate accident to the Commissioner (Major Hossack ) his place was taken by Captain F. H. Gooderham and Mr. A. C. Hill, both of the District Staff. The Duchess of York attended and held an inspection of the units of the Brigade which were on parade, ana was introduced to the various officers presen t.

SAXl\lUNDH ,n r.- The results of the class in First A id have now come to hand, and as !loon as a class in Nursing can be arranged, a Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade will be started here. This scheme was originated by Mr. Tames Forsdike, the Vlce·Chairman of the Urban District CouncIl, and he has been loyally supported in his efforts by Dr. David \V. Ryder Richardson, M. R.C.S., who has been the lecturer, Miss Bertha Cutting, who spared no pains to get the ladies together, and 1\1rs. M. M. Vesey, who acted as secretary to the class.

No. II (S.E. & C.R.) District.

Very great satisfaction has been expressed throughout the district at the success of the Bricklayers' Arms DI viSIon team securing the Dewar Shield. Equally pleasmg' was the position obtained by the London Bridge Nursing Division who were placed only three-and -a - half marks behind the winning Perrott team. \Ve believe it is a record performan c e for such a recently-formed to have been so remarkably successful.

The annual inspection of the Sevenoaks and Orpington Divisions took place in the Baptist Church grounds at Orpington on May:qth. The unavoidable absence of the CommIssIoner was a great disappointment, but DIstri c t Officer E. J. Prew ably deputised. A social evening followed the mure formal business, and during the very excellent mUSIcal programme, a presentatIOn was made to the leader of the Orpington Division -Supt. \V. G. Burgess.

Addiscombe Cadet Division entertained Cadets from Worksop, Aldershot and Faversham, who viSIted London in connectIon with the Brigade Final CompetItIons

The District was well represented at the Empire Thanksgiving Service at Wembley on :'IIay 25th, whIch was attended by Their Majesty's the KlOg and Queen.

On the same afternoon a very largely attended parade took place at Croydon Parish Church, when the Rev. Canon W. P. G. McCormIck, O.S.O., preached in a.id of the Addiscombe Division Motor Ambulance Fund.

District Surgeon T. Halliwell to o k the sllut e at the town hall. A large number of special constabulary attended under I nspector Cox, O. B.E. Several div isio ns from the Prince of Wales' district were present including 5 rst Croydon, 23rd Norwood and Crystal Palace, 59t h Carshalton, 13th Croydon Nursing ) 36th East Croydon and Addlscombe, and 54th Gorringe Park. From No. T 1 dIstrict, detachments representing Addiscombe, Chipstead Valley, Victoria, Hither Green, Reading, Redhlll, Bricklayers' Arms, London Bridgf', Dover, Faversham, Folkestone, Battersea, \Voolwich, Sevenoaks, Orpington, Tonbridge, Chatham and Aldershot divisions put in an appearance.

The organiser (Ambulance Officer.Twidle ) is very grateful to all who supported him, particularly III view of the tryin g weather condItions.

Much interest is being displayed in the R.N.A.S.n.R. annual training this year. There is no doubt that the practical experience is much appreciated by the men.

We regret that owing to the pressure on our space we are unable to publish the Test Sheets of the SouthErn Railway Competition this month.

3 E

Ambulance Competition open to Brigades, Association, Miners, Railwaymen, Tramwaymen, Firemen, for the Cleckhcaton Cballeoge Shield will be held on Saturday, July 19th, 19 2 4. Particulars from Mr. J. W. Swales, 3, Royds Harif<ix Road, Cleckheaton.

June, 1924. -F IRST

Prince of Wales's District Inspection.

OVER 3,000 members of th p dislrict paraded on the ExhiblllOn Ground, Hyde P<uk, on June 14th, for the annual official by H R H . the Duke of York.

The parade consisted of four battalions, being respectIvely comm.ir,d e d by Assistant-Commissiomr S H. VIlven, A,5 stant-C >mmic;sioner Lt. C)1. F. A. Brooks, C. J R. MacFadden, and Acting E. McIntyre., of a strength of some 700 each, tog p tber with the nursing divisions, having a strength of 600. The Commissionu (Mr. W. HumphriesWinny) was in command, and was assisted by members of his staff, including Mr. S. B Piers, Captain G=rb:>ld, and Captain Frankl:.

Th e Duke arrived " n parade ground at 4.30 wearin g the untfurm of th Royal \'ir Force, and wac; welcomed by the Sub Prior of the Order, the Kl.rl of Scarborough, the flag of the Order being broken on the flag staff at the saluling and a royal s:?lut e given.

Th f" nursIng dlvic;ions were first insptcted and dismissed.

His Royal HIghness then inspect d the four battalions after which in column of comp.ini os, th ey marched past th e salutlog base, where the Duke took the salute. On taking hIS defJarture his R oyal HIghness was warmly cheered.

Includt:d in th e gath?ring pres e nt the Earl of Lord WillIam CecIl, SIr Dyce and L3.dy Duckworth, Colonel SIr Wyndham Murray, Colontl C. Yate, L'J.dy Ptrrott (I. 3.dy Supt.-in·chief), and Sir Htrbt>rt Lewis (Commissio nf'r fo r

The St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas.

Till<, Cbief Comrni:;sioner for the Brigade ()verseas has s::tnctloned the {ormation of Ihe following DIvisions :liONG KONG.

I long Kong Police Division formed 16 .6.23

Kowlon-Canton Ra lway Divlsion.-Formed 1.9.23

I 't JI \.

1' 0. 2 DtSt"l'ICT.

Lahore [nd an Pailway Division.-Formed 1 1 2.J. SOUTH AFRICA.

:\ \'1' \1. DISTRICT.

Durban :v1unlcipaJ File Brigade Division. - Formed 20.5. 2 3

SOUTll AFRICAN R ,\lLW \YS .\ND IIAR IlOU RS DISTRICT.

'-;atal Corps.-Vryheid Division. -Fo rmecl 28.5. 2 3

Transvaal Corps. - Krugersdorp DIvision. - Formed 17 6 .23

U.F.S. Corps. Kroonstad Division. -Fo rmed 20.523

o tSBANDl\IENT.

Lithgow N. Division, 1\.S. W., Australia,- Disbanded 7.3. 2 4

M a rchant Tdylol's School has repeated its innovation of last yea r, and hd.S llSt held a Successful First Aid Class, of which ninetten out of twenty schoolboys passed the Associltion examination. Dr. Corbet Fletcher W..lS the lecturer. We could wish that others of our English Public Schools would follow this good example, because ambulance work to day possesses educational as well as material advantages.

A I D.Our Essay Competition (3).

FOR the second in this serit:s the Editur offers Two Home Office First Aid Cabinets as first and sp.cond prizes for the two best essays submitted before J u y roth, 1924 on the following question :-

" Describe your experience as a First Aider during ONE day on public duty at any fete or ceremony."

E xpe riences , besides personal, may include conduct of crowd, and attitude of general public towards First-Aiders.

The Editor the right to withhold these awards ii no article of sufficient merit b:! presented, and to publish in the Joumal any paper whIch wins app' oval of the doctor-judges, whose decisions shall be final.

Competition papers must be accompanied by a "Query Cvupon" cut from a I 924 issue ( f this J ouroal, must not be marked with competitor's name and address which should be enclosed on separate pitce of paper, must not contain more than 750 words, and must be addresstd to "The Editor, FIRST AID, 46, Cannon E.C.4," the envelope hping marked "Competition. "

Our Cartoon.-No. 3.

THE ADVENTURES OF SID & BERT. By Corpl. D. Godfrey, S.;'A.B.

\\ -,e t.''vvot'.s Ie 13err ?..!.!..J

Shu'V HZ' "I Crowd /

PRIORY FOR Brigade

News.

APPOINTMENTS, MAY, 192 4.

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Ambulance Committee :-

MONl\IOUTHSHlRE CENTRE.

Pontyp::lOl Corps.-Corps Secretary George Henry Nelms to be Corps Supt., 26.5.24; Divisivnal Supt. Henry Mogford to be Corps Secretary, 26.5.24; DIvIsional Supt.

Frederick Nelms to be Corps Treasurer, 2b·5· 2 4

M arine Colliery Division.-Dr. Edward J:Iale, L.R.C.S., L.R. C.P. (Ed.), L.R.F.P.S. (Gla s. ), to be DIVISIOnal Surgeon, 26 5 24

Oakdale Division.-Ambulance Officer Willtam Henry Lewis to be Division al Supt., 26 .5. 2 4

Rhymney Division.-Ambulance Officer Henry Vernal! to be Divisional Supt, 26 5. 2 4.

Six Bells Division. - Dr. Douglas Dean, M.B., Ch.B., to be Divisienal Surgeon, 26.5. 2 4

BOROUGH OF RHONODA CENTRE.

Tynybedw and Pentre Finlay Keen

Macmillan, M.B , Ch.B., to be DIvIs io nal Surgeon, 26.5. 2 4

ABERDARR CENT RE.

Cynon Valley Corps. -Divisional Supt. Thomas Isaac

Griffiths to be Corps Treasurer, 26.5. 2 4

Appointments and promotions sanctioned by the Com missioner for Wales :-

GLAl\lORGANSHlRE CENTRE.

Cwm Colliery Division.-Private William Charles Tudball to be Corporal and Divisional Storekeeper, 15.5. 2 4

Oakdale Division -Private William John Little to be Ambulance Officer, 205.24; Private James Blount to, be Sergeant, 205.24; Private Robert James Bucknell to be Corporal, 20.5.24

Rhymney Division.-Sergeant John Jones to be Am bulance Officer, I. 5.24

BOROUGH OF NEWPORT CENTRE.

Newport High Street Railway Division.-Pnvate Albert I vor Cresswell to be Corporal, 21.5. 2 4

A BERDARE C ENTRE.

Abercynon D ivi sion.-Priv<l.te Arthur George Parry to be Corporal, 8.5.24

CITY OF CARDIFF CENTRE.

Cardiff City Division. - Corporal Herbert Thomas Allcock to be D ivi sional Storekeeper, 5 5. 2 4 NE\V DIVISIONS.

Divisions sanctioned during the month:-

MONMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE.

Risca Ambulance Division, 17.5.24

SERVICE M EDALS.

His Royal Highness the Grand Prior has a ppro ved the award of the Service M edal to the following :-

Private D. Davies. Bedlinog Division, Dowlais Corps

Ambulance Officer A Hewitt. Pontypool-road Division , Po ntypool Corps.

Corporal!. Jones. B edl inog Div isio n, Dowlais Co rps.

WALES.

Corporal W. E. Jones. Bedlinog powlais Corps. Private T. Miles. Pontypool-road DIvIsIOn, Pontypool Corps.Private A. Watkllls l'leWport Town DIVIsion, N ewport (M on .) Corps.

Corporal D. W. Jones. l\lerthyr Borough Division.

General Interest.

MONTHLY MEETINGS

The monthly meetings of the Executive and Ambulance Committees of the Priory for Wales were held in th e Priory Room, Law Courts, Catha) s Park, Cardiff, on Monday, May 26th, Li eut-Colo nel Thomas Wallace, M.D., Treasurer for Wales presid e d.

It was reported that the Secretary of the Football Club Limited had written a lette r of appreCiatIOn of the services of the members who attended N i nian Palk throughout the Football s easo n and hoped th e Priory would continue the arrangement ne xt season.

The nomination of Mr. Hugh i.L Ingledew, Honorary Solicitor, to represent the Priory on the of the Order, was unanimously approved and It was deCided to appoint an Assistant Honorary Secretary (for Wales) of the Ophthalmic Hospital of Jerusalem.

The new Toint Voluntary Aid Detachment scheme IS a matter of great interest, and the members prese.nt learned with satisfaction that the Welsh Committee had been formed, and that Major -Ge neral The Right Hon. Lord Treowen, C. B, C. M. G ., was to act as Chairman, and Sir Herb ert Lewis K. B.E , as Secr etary until the first meeting.

The Members who will be attending the Investiture on June 24th are Mr. Leolin Forestitr Walker, M.P Sir John W. Beynon, Bart., C.B, Mr. Hugh Ingl edew and Sir D. W. Ltwis, K.B.E. A SubCommittee was appointed to select a limited number of members of the Priory to be invested.

PRESENTATION MEETING AT TRED EGAR

Mr. C. H Tait, District Traffic Sup e rint e nd :nt of the Lrmdon, Midland & Scottish Railway, pres en t e d awards to the successful members of the Tredegar and Nantybwch ambulance classes for the winter session.

Mr. A. Townsend preside d, and introduced Mr. Tait, who before distributing the certificates sa id he took particular pleasur e in joining them in their Speaking of the recent district Amb ul ance at Hereford, he complimented Nantybwch and t ea ms upon taking 2nd and. 3rd place respectLvely In that com pe titi o n. He with pn?e the succ ess of the Ab ersy ch an t eam in capturing the Sn Harry Webb C up , although opposed by such doughty opponents as N ewpo rt Docks and Alexandra Docks t eams. The Right Hon. Thomas Richards had very aptly referred to Ambulance work as " Christianity boiled down to a practical poinL"

-FIRST

Mr. W. Burridge was presented with a silver cruet, in recognition of his success at the Hereford Competition, after which Mr. E. J. Mansfield prop:lsed a vote of thanks to Dr. Crawford (lecturer), Messrs. W. Penberthy and F. Jones (instructors), to each of whom he paid a glowing complim e nt.

Mr. West second e d the motion, which was carried with acclamation.

Mr. E. W. T. Morris (district secretary), moved a vote of thanks to the class se cretaries (Messrs. Meale, Tredegar, and Jones, Nantybwch). He referred to the co-operation of the Tredegar C o mpany, who gave them the use of an excellent room for tr ai ning. He was pleased to see Mr. R. W. O'Connor with them, and remarked that the first class held at Sirhowy about 20 years ago was started by the late Inspector O 'C onnor.

MOTOR AMBULANCE AT WE MBLEY

The mo tor ambulance stationed in the Exhibition grounds at We:n bley to deal with any cases of accident which might occur hac; considerably attracted the interest of the visitors.

At the request of the HeadquartErs of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, this ambulance was desi6ned and built to the Order of Priory for Wales, which has organised an extensive motor ambulance transport service covering the whole of South Wales.

The chassis is a 30 -h p. Armstrong -S:ddeley, and the body is painted dark blue, with black moulding lined white. It is the last word in comfort and effi ciency, and the inevitable discomfort occasioned by bad roads is minimised to the smallest degree by large si ze tyres and adjust3.ble shock absorb e rs

Due regard was paid to hygiene i n d esig ning the fitments. Ventilation is effected by eight louvres, seven drop windows, and a roof air Extractor.

Th e car is fitte d int e rnally with electric light and candle lamps as a stand-by. The external lighting omsists of a pair of head lamps, a lamp to each of the front wings, side lamps , and a tail lamp The side and tail lamps can be used for oil, and the reflectors of the side-lamps enable them to be used as head-lamps in case of necessity.

The car is heated by a "Thermorad II exhaust heater, which may be adjusted to vary the temperature up to 75 degrees.

First Aid appliances of the latest type are installed and suitable sanitary convenience is provided.

Accommoda tion for the patient consists of a spring stretcher-carrier. A com fortable chair uphols tered in leather is pro vide d for the use of a doctor or attendant and a tip·up st.at for an additional passenger if required.

The interior equip m en t is removable, and this is an important feature as it is often n e c essary to remove a patient in bed.

The Priory for Wales was also invited by the Mining Association of Great Britain to station one of its am bulances at the model mine which is arresting everyone's attention at the Exhibition.

This car is a 6 cylinder, 38-h.p. Daimler, and the equi pment is identical to that of the Armstrong-Siddeley car.

The ambulance ic; painted white with black lines and both bear the badge of the Order. Each car is fitted spar e wheels, a complete set of tools, and has duphcate pumps and jacks, every care being taken to avoid a breakdown.

The motor ambulance is an essential unit in the

AID.-

nation's transport affairs, and these cars at Wem bley illustrate the progress which has been made to secure comfortable and speedy transport for the sick and injured.

It is surprising to find that the num ber of students who sit for examinations in first aid, home nursing, home hygiene and home sanitation continues to incrtase despite the summer months. No less than 64 eXlminations were conducted by the Priory during the month of May.

LLANDINAM II SHIELD COMPETITION.

I!

There was a distinguish e d company present at the Territorial Drill Hall, Newport-road, Cardiff, on Saturday, May 3rd, when the Nursing Competition and the contest for the I! L1andin am" Shield were held More than ordinary interest was taken in the events, as the team successful in carrying off the" L1andinam II Shield have the honour of representing the Priory in the Annual, International Challenge Shield Competition in London.

Amongst those present were Mr. Leolin ForestierWalker, M.P Sir Herbert and Lady Lewis, Lieut-Colonel Thomls Wallace, M.D., Mr. C. T. Hurry Riches, Dr. R. Baird Milne, Dr. D. de Vere Hunt, Dr. D. Rocyn Joms, c.B., Captain S . T . Beard, O.B.K, Mr. E. D. Jones, and Mr. D. L. Thomas.

There was a good entry of teams for the" Llandinam " Shield given to the Priory by Mr. David Davies, M.P., of Llandinam. Each Centre was allowed to enter one team, and Carmarthenshire, Monmouthshire, Merthyr TYGfil, Cardiff, Glamorganshire, Newport, Rhondda, and Aberdare Centres competed.

The Competition was divided into three tests: viva voce, Individual and Practical and Stretcher tests. The result was a victory for the Abertillery team, who were awarded 254 points, with Cardiff Emergency coming next with 226, and Treharris third with 223.

Dr. W. G Williams, Cardiff, and Dr. R. Bevan Llewellyn, Cardiff, adjudicated in the Nursing Competition held for the purpose of selecting a team to represent the Priory in the competition in London for the II Perrott " shield and international trophy for ladies. Four Centres entered with the following results :-Abertillery 232 marks, Llanelly 210 and Llwynypia 186.

Mr. Leolin Forestier-Walker, M P., in presenting the Shield and Prizes complim€ nted all the teams on their work and stated that the men and women of the Brigade were deserving of great praise for the loyalty and devotion with which they carried out their duties. He was very proud of the fact that the two successful teams to represent the Priory in London were both from Monmouthshire.

Dr. D. Rocyn Jones pleasure in proposing a vote of thanks to Mr. Leolin Forestier-Walker. He considered the work had been well done. For the actual treatment of injuries he thought there were no better teams than those in Wales, and urged greater study being given to the stretcher work.

The vote was seconded by Dr. R. Baird Milne, and Mr. E. D Jones and carried unanimously.

WELSH RAILWAYS AMBULANCE COMPETITION.

Abersychan (London, Midland and Scottish Railway) won the "Harr} Webb II Challenge Cup at the Welsh Railways Ambulance Competition, under the auspices of the Priory for Wales, at the Drill Hall, Newport Road, Cardiff, on Wednesday, May 7th. There were nine entn:.nts for the competition, six from the Great Western Railway Company, and three from the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.

Among those present were Sir Harry Webb, Bart.,

and L:ldy Webb, the Right Hon Thomas Richards, Sir Herbert D. W. Lewis, K.B.E. and L9.dy Lewis, 0 B.E., Mr J. Dyer Lewis, Mr. Henry W. Martin, Dr. S. Hamilton, Dr. S. McCormack. Lady Staff Officer S. Coley, and Staff Officer Dr. D. de Vere Hunt.

Dr. Urban Marks, Swansea, one of the Adjudicators had caustic to make about one phase of Competitors at such events, he said, failed to .vlsualIse wh e n they were given details of a supposed accident. In the test event it was not for the men to do as the book told them but to use their wits. When ambulance men were called to a case quick wits and brain waves were wanted.

Dr. Edgar Llewellyn, Cardiff, the other Adjudicator, concurred.

The teams were placed as follows :-Abers ychan 143, Newport Ale x andra Docks 138, Newport Dock Strett 128, Bangor 125, Pontypool 11 6 Swansea 106, C aerphilly 105, Oswt::str y 102, Carmarthen lOr.

Rt. Hon. Richards the p ri ze s.

Sir HaTTY Webb said ambulance work was a practical form of Chris tianity. Men who were trained like the competitors should be congratulated by the community for the work they were doing.

Centre Reports.

BORO

The sixth annual inter-colliery ambulance competition for the "George Oliver " chall enge cup between teams drawn from Divisions connected with the Cambrian Combine Collieries was at Llwynypia on Saturday, May 17th.

J?r J. E. Brereton, Divisional Surgeon, Coe dely, adjudicat e d and in the absence of the General Manager, Mr. H H. E van s , J P , Mr. David Morgan presided. The results were :-

Mr. Knott sp o ke in eulogistic terms of the qualities of Mr. E. A Howe and of his services to the Division, and outlined his record from 1915 to 19 20. Mrs. Sutton in an able speech presented Mr. Howe with a m a rble clock, suitably inscribed from th e Committee and Mr. H OWe e x pressed his app r eciation of the gift and the kind remarks

A B RRDAR E CENTRE.

On Sunday, May 18t h, the Cyn o n Vall e y C orps par a ded at the Workmen's Hall, Mountain Ash, the Headquarters of the Mountain Ash Division, and marched to Providence English Congregational Church . The Corps numb e red two hundred and fi fty.

The followi n g officers we re present :-Dr. R. B .tird Miln e , Commissioner Staff O ffice r Gomer Davies, Mountain Ash ; Supt D. Evam, C or ps Inspector of Stores, Aber d ue j Corps S: cre tary, W. J Mor g an, Aberdare ; Supt. Evans, Mountain Ash Supt. L e wis, P e nrhi wc e iber Division ; Supl. J ackson, A b f r cynon D i vis io n ; Supt. Drew, A ce rbare Divis io n ; Supt. Grain ge r, Ab e ramam Division ; and Supt. M eyl e r, Hirwain D ivisi o n

The Aberda re , Mountain Ash, and Ab ercynon N u rsin g Divisions were in charge of Lady S u pt. Richardson, and Lady Ambulance O ffice r Flor e nce Morgan, Aberdare.

The R e v. J. Patry, Brec o n, officiated Sta ff O ffi Cer Gomer Davies presided at th e organ, a nd the lesson was r e ad by Dr R. B a ird Miln e

News in Brief.

The funeral of Mr. Tb om as M. Mi nhinn ic k whos e loss is deeply regrett e d by o ffi ce rs and m embe rs' o f th e Pontottyn Ambula.nce D ivis ion, o f .vhi c h h e was o ne of the most enthu si astic m e mb er s, took pl ace o n W e dn e sday, May 7th . Thoroughn ess and thought fo r o t he rs wer e h is chief characteristics, and at th e tim e of th e a cc id e nt which caused his death, he c arri e.d a s usual a F irst Aid pocket outfit. Sta ff Offic e r Bernard K Mab erl ey r e present e d t he Commission e r fo r Wal es, a n d over fifty m emb ers of local D ivi si on s wer e in at t e nd a nc e

June,

19 2

4. -FIRST

The Personal Advantages of First Aid.

Priz e Essay by MISS E. PARRINGTON.

Le tter writ/en by l o1zn Chester t o his son.

DEAR JACK,

I received your letter yest erday telling me that you had taken my advice and had joined a First Aid class. You also say that you do not know whether it is worth while or what yo u are going to gain by it. Let me try to give a few reasons why I t hi nk it is worth doing and worth dOlOg well. Indeed, I honestly believe that no man or can afford tc negl e ct th e study of such an important subj e ct, because a of Fir s t Ai d is a necessary part of on e s educatIOn and to be unacquainted with at

AID -

assistants, employees, etc., without it. He has first to train to think clearly, and to speak clearly and to the POlDt.

Discrimination is as necessary to a business man as to a F irst Aider, and the same need for decisive action is present in choosil1g the right man for the right job, etc Perseverance I consider as not the least of a Firstqualificatiom. To be persevering requires a certalD amount of pluck, and no one has any use for a " Quitter" in these days of stress and struggle. Sympathy increases the value of help given a hundredfold whether this be in the daily round or in the practise of First Aid.

In. addition a First Aider ::as gained some knowledge Hygiene. He must know the va lue of personal cleanlillDess, alr, warmth, etc.; and if he puts his knowledge to use, has gained something in health AgalO, he Will have become a little less selfish in helping or attempting to help others, since be has many

The names of the winning team are Sergeant D. O. Williams, ( Ca p t ai n) , Joseph Griffitbs, Edward J ones, John Pryne and W. McTiffin.

A successful dance org a nised by the Rhondda Fawr Corps was held at the Judges' Hall, Trealaw, on Wednesday, May 21St. The local were ably carried out by Ambulance Officer W. R. Matthews, Ass istant Divisional Secret a ry T. R. Jones and Lady Supt. Mrs. Davies.

The programme of work ot th e Rhondda Fawr Corps for the month of May included public duty on the occasion of th e visit of His Royal Highness the Duke of York to the Rhondda on May 17th, to play in the golf match with the Right Hon. Frank Hodgt: s , M P. at Treorchy.

GLA MO R GAN SH IRE CENTRF.

Mr. George Knott, J P presided over a meeting of Ambulance and Nursing Members of the Kenfig Hill Divisions on Saturday, May 3rd, at the Ambulance Hall, Kenfig Hill, where a larg e gathpring assembled to do honour to Mr. Edgar Ashley Howe, who recently retired from the office of Supt. of the Division to become Secretary to the Aberavon Corps.

Sub -Commissioner Lemuel Jones presented certificates to the newly-appointed Officers.

It has b een decid e d b y the Bo ard of Trade that on and after J a nu ar y 1st, 19 25. c a ndidates for certificates of comp 3tency as Skipp er or S e c on d Hand of fishing vessels will be rc q uired to be th e hold e rs of a ce rtificate of proficiency in First Aid not more than three years o l d.

Professor E. L Collis, B. A , M B, B.Ch , M R.C.S , L.R.c.P., and Captain J. H. P Brain have been appointed members of the Finance Committe e o f th e Priory.

The first meeting of the Welsh Volun t ary A id Detachment Committee is to be held at Shrewsbury on Friday, July 4th, and it is hoped the Welsh q uota of mobile and Immobile detachment s will soon be rais e d.

Ladv Perrott L:ldy Supt. in Chief S .J A.B . inspected the Lincoln Ambulance and Nursing Divisions and Cadets at the House grounds on May 9th. Lady Perrott was accompanied by Commissior. e r S. W. Malkin , and was received by Assistant Commissioner F. S. Lambert and Mrs. Lambert. The parade was in charge of Chief Officer W. T. M. Trafford, and also present was Corps Officer Alston.

least elementary knowl e dge of it argues a great lack of educ a tIOn.

A who has st udied and practised First Aid to the o f hi S (or her) ability has gained in many ways.

Fas.t, he has to practise his powers of observatIOn Without which no F i rst-A ider is efficient. He has le a rned th e of small details and signs.

Next, he has acqUIred Tact, a quality likely to be useful to him in any position in life.

He is encouraged t o be Resourceful ' and a resourceperson is not likely to be d a unted ) by unfavourable cucun:tstances, but is quick to mak e use of anything at hand lD an em e rgency.

J:Ie has become D e xtrous by patient practice, and is not lIkely thereby to be less efficient in his d a ily work (whether it be brain work or manual labour ) because he has learned to handle a wounded limb gently and to put on a bandage neatly.

Explicitness. is another good qualification that only comes by practice. No man gets the best out of his

of using his commonsense together with his speCial knowledge as a First-Aider.

Thus, as manager of some works where some hundreds ?f me.n are. employed, I have bad opportunities of observ109 First-Alders apart from their first aid work, and I can say without an! h esitation that a First-Aider is )likely to be more systematic, more neat, and more accurate in bis work than a man who has neither studied nor practised First Aid. . Ag.ain, o.ur own workmen benefited considerably SlDce Fust Aid b e came more WIdely known. In addition the prompt and efficient treatment of injuries, the seats and" met?ods of transport are adopted, and the Frogs March, which used to be used even in of serious accidents or heart attack has been discontlDued.

Lastly, nowhere is First Aid knowledge of service th.an lD the home. Here ordinary everyday are to .happe,n any time, and by prompt attentIon and Simple Fust Aid treatment much suffering

amongst one's own loved ones may be prevented and sometimes tragedy averted.

Finally, I hope that I have saId to you that in every possible way will ?e ga10er If you go on with the study and practIce of FIrst Aid; and I hope that I have not bored you by unusally. long letter which has beEn dictated by the SHlcerest d=slre for your future welfare.

By Your Affectionate Father, JOHN CHESTER.

Reviews.

F[RST-AID READY REFERENCE.

By Police-Constable J. W. Walmesley. Davenport & King, St. Peter Street, Blackburn. Price IS. 3d. net.

First-Aid compilations by laymen usually err in over-

STRAIGHT TALKS TO WOMEN.

By Mary Scharlieb, M.D M.S. London: Williams & N orgate.

Pn'ce 5s net

Gone are the days when the doctor with long fa ce and pompous diction laid down the law! To·day wIth advance of education the public demand reasons. Perhaps the tenden cy has gone overfar in affairs of family lIfe: and certaInly many foolish words ( replete with erroneous and often dangerous suggestions) have been written,

For this reason it is a pleasure to read Talks to Women which contains the outspoken views of .a medic al woman, who, standing h ig h in her profession, sees In marned l ife something more than mere anImal eXIsten c e In a ,Fo reword the Bishop of London commends the book as gUId e to protect young people from the dangers of too grea t Ignorance and fcom specious l ies tol d to lure them from the paths of morality.

In brief Straicrllt to 1VOJllelZ should be read by every wife because, forth in delicate yet forcible fashion the p it falls of co urtshlp, m i3:rnag e and ca.re of it gives much useful adVice, wh Ich, If followed, will

June 19 2 4.

and J\nswers to eorrespondents.

Queries 'UJill be dealt 'UJitk under tke jollo'UJing ruler :_

r. -Letters conlainin/, Queries must be marked on the top Ie/I han a corner 0/ Ihe enfJe/ope and addressed-FlRsT AID, ".6, Cannon-street, LondiJn, E. C'1-.

:I.-All Queries must be accompanied a " Coupon" cut /1'011 the current iuue oj Ihe !ournal, or in case 0/ Queries from abroa( from a recent iuue

1. - Tke Textbook, to which reference be made in these colulIlnJ is tke 36th (I920) Edition 0/ S.lA.A. Manual of First-Aid.

PENALTIES IN COi\IPETITIONS.

M.R.C.S. (Lancashire).-As a doctor keenly int erested in Railway Ambulance Work, I protest strongly against the penalty exacted in the recent Inter-Railway Stretcher Test. I n my opinion it operated most unfairly, and was excessively high in view of the rare possibility of some serious condition being overlooked. I shall be interested to know your views.

To remove a patient from surroundings (wher e there is no further risk to patient) wit/lout JJlakmg a complete examination is a serious error which merits a very definite penalty. How this should be exacted is a matter of opinion! For myself I frankly confess that I have given up the deduction of a high percentage of marks gained, because this practice is apt to cause irritation among the competitors. I prefer to bury such marks in my detailed sheet whereby they are never gain ed if there be any serious error of omission or commission.-

N. CORBET FLETCHER.

HOWLER.

L.R. (Charlto n Park).-In a recent examination one of our members was asked to state what might happen to anyone as the result of a fall on the head. His answer was" Conclusion" ; and when asked by the examiner if he did not mean" Conc ussion ," he replied" No! COllclztsionElld (1/ all Ih illgs-Dea tIt " .'.' Not a bad howler, Eh ?

On the contrary-quite good! Next, please !-N.C.F. SmlE CAUSES OF ASPHYXIA.

P1LOto by

stepping the line of division between M edicine First- A id. This fault being absent, we P olice

J. W. Walmsley the heartily on a little book which is very concise and correct, and w.Ill prove most serviceable in the hands of those for whom It IS IDtended -that is, of certified First-Aiders.

The Ready Referen ce consists of 45 pages of which those on the left deal mainly with causes, signs and whereas those on the right ar e devoted .to th.e. treatment of the various conditIOns; and l.tS utilIty IS increased by the provision of a thumb-mdex.. It IS .well printed on .good paper, neatly bound, and obtamablc direct from the prmters.

Our one criticism is that, as a First-Aider's duty is not complete until patient has been removed to home or hospItal, some notes on the various methods of transport should be added to the next edition.

11-.

tend to make married life in very truth married love. O n the subject of control of conception Dr. Scharlieb .is as helpful as she is emphatic; and therefore sets forth the vIews of the vast majority of doctors.

Sergeant J. Gardner Hon. Sec. of the Lancast er D ivision died suddenly while at a Committee meeting on May 3rd

Ravensthorpe Annual Competition, Saturday, Sept. 6t h, 1924. Entry Forms and Schedule from Corps Offic er W. Ledgard, Alma House, Thornhill Lees, Dewsbury.

The "DECOR.ATORS' « PAINTER.S' MAGAZiNE" (8d. monthly) is THE trade paper for all interested.Publishing Office: 46, Cannon Street, E.C.4.

I!. D. (Cat ford ).- I was a competitor in the recent Inter-Railway Final and was pussled later-when I saw th e marking sheets-to find that in the Question Test among the causes of Asphyxia were" smollzering by lzaycock" and" rejJlacZ7fg of air by bea."

Please tell me what is a I. haycock" and quote the page of Textbook on which" beer " is na med Surely the Association ought to set a good example by more close attention to the Textbook.

A " haycock" is a cock or conical pile of hay in a field. As it is usually small and never tightly-packed, I would not regard it as a common cause of Asphyxia It is not so given in the Textbook : and" beer" is not named in any page o f Textbook. Your final suggestion is noted -wit h sympathy.-N.C.F.

USE OF I€>DINE FOR WOUNDS.

P. S. (Croy don ).- In a recent competition the judge penal ised me be ca use I said that in my treatment of a wound I would saturate a piece of lint with Tincture of Iodine and apply it to wound. May I ask if th is decision was correct ?

Yes-m ost emphatically. Indeed, I have seen some ugly burns result from this foolish treatment. You should paint "wound and surrounding skin" (Textbook p. 84) with Iod ine and allow the Iodine to dry before you "cover wound with clean dry dressing/' - N.C.F.

BITES OF RABID ANIMAL S

M. R. (S heffield ).-F or cauterizing bites of m::t.d dogs or other rabid animals, whi c h is preferable to use -a solution of Carbolic Acid (I in 40) or a strong solution (I-20)? Pl ease advise.

A solution of Carbol ic Acid ( 1-40) is usuall y called an antiseptic, the stronger one (1-20) a disinfectant lotion. For cauterizing bites of rab id animals (" if quite impossibl e to obtain services of doctor "-T extbook p. 103), you use pure Carbolic Acid solution, that is-without any dilution.-N.C.F.

H JEMORRHAGE W I TH A SPHYX I A.

J. M. (N ewport ).-In a recent competition I had to treatwith the help of an untra ined assistant -a man who was supposed to have just been pulled out of a river. Pati ent was not breathing, and on his right temple had an incis ed, 2t inch-lon g wound which wa s bl eed in g profusely.

As I have been taught that wounds do not bleed profusely with pat ents who are unconscious and not breathin g , I concentrated on performance of artificial breathing. After two minutes spent thus, t h e Judge k indly inform ed me that my methods of doing artIficial respiration were excellent, but that my pat ient was dead as the result of my neglect of the wound of the scal p! !

As this decision has given rise to much discussion locally, I s ubmit the point to you.

On your statement of facts I am disposed to the opinion that you have just cause for complaint-more particularly because profuse bleeding is not usually present with an unconscious, asphyxiated patient, and because d eath does not usually take place" within two minutes" as the sequel to untreated bleed ing from a wounded temporal artery.

Further, if your methods of artificial respiration were adjudged" ex c ellent, " then I think that you deserved a hintsuch as you would ha ve undoubtedly obtain ed in actual emerg en cy - that with re-establ ishm ent of consciousness and breathing the" profuse bleed ing " was becoming progressively worse!

On the other hand, the unrealities of the Competition Room are such that-with a card of instruction which states that bleeding is profuse, and that a bystander is presentjJeJlzajJs you should have suspe ct ed trouble. Had you don e so, you would have used your bystander to exe rt indirect digital pressure (w h il e you persevered with artificial respiration) and bombarded Judge with q uest ions as to progress of bleeding, &c So c heer up and do not be dis appoint ed with a decision which is not beyond dispute.-N.C.F.

A COMPOUND C OMPL CATED COi\IPETITION TEST. C. P. (N ew South \Vales).- The followin g test was set out here in a recent competition. A man falls from a railway bnd g e in an ep il ept ic fit which passes off two minutes after team arrives. Pati ent regains c onsc io usness and is su fferi ng from-

(I) Compound fracture of left leg (fragm ents protrud- ing).

(3) Simp le fracture of right humerus (middl e of sha ft )

(4) Fracture of p elv is (no inj ury to internal organs )

(2) Wound of tip of tongue (ass o ciat ed with profuse bl eed ing) ing ).

5) Burst varicose vein in calf of right leg (free bleedPlease solve this test [or us)nd give us your opinion of it.

(

Thanks for your three tests As they are all similar I reproduce the first only. Frankly, I do not like them, and refer yo u to my criticisms on your 1923 tests ( published in April ) which, like these. were very c ompound, complicat ed ! By the way, did a do c tor really s et them?

Such tests belong to the "dead-or-dying" ser ies and afford no criterion of competitors ' ability to treat cases of actual emergen cy in which patients are not ticketted and lab elled. Further, in this case the card of instructions is incomplete, sin c e it does not disclo s e 7.C!here the patient felIwhether on the line or on the roadway. Indeed ) your tests

A Towill.

Ambulance Sister P. Hale, the winner .of the "Webb" given for general knowledge and efficiency 10 the Walthamstow Nursmg DIVIsIOn.

-FIRST

remind me of a class which I attended once in my medical studenes days, when the lecturer set an almost impossible case and asked how we would treat it. The answer most of us gave was-" Sign tlze death certifica te." Incidentally, I should like to see the detailed marking sheets of these tests.-N.C.F.

TREADIENT OF FRACTURED PATELLA.

E. F. ( Hove ).-The Textbook gives instructinns to apply cold with Fractured Patella. Please tell us if this cold-water dressing should be applied over clothing when patient is fully dressed.

You direct attention to an instruction which has always puzzled me. Of course, an icebag placed over the clothing is good treatment, because an icebag should not be applied to bare skin: but personally I do not favour saturating patient s clothing with cold water-" to lessen effusion of blood."N .C F.

TREADIENT OF FRACTURED ELBOW.

C. G. (Wakefield).-In a recent competition I was struck by the variolls ways in which competitors treated a supposed fracture-dislocation of the elbow which the examining doctor plaad at rie-ht across patients chest. Some secured limb in position as found with and without an angular splint, while others brought injured limb to patients' and secured it to the body. Please state what method was correct?

The Textbof)k method unquestionably is to treat with angular spl int (p. 60) in situ, and to do this without moving or flexing the ltmb one inch more than absolutdy necessary until splints had been accurat'!ly applied and fixed.-N.C.F.

USE OF SlIlELLING SA LTS

C. G. (Wa kefield).-[n a recent competition patient was suffering from a lacerated wound of scalp associated with a depressed fracture of skull and brisk bleeding. Some competitors held smell ng salts to patients nose. Surely this was not good first-aid treatment.

I agree w ith you; but I cannot quote the Textbook in support of the commonly accepted adVice to withhold smell ng salts with Head Injuries and severe H cern orrhage. The nearest the Textbook gets to this point is on p. 144, where it definitely advises use of smelling salts when patient is unconsc ious and has a wound which has ceased to bleed.-N.C.F.

TRE ATMENT OF A pOPLEXY

D. H. ( L iv erpool ). -At a recent public duty I was treating a man whose flushed face ( with other symptoms) suggested A poplexy. I had ra is ed patients head when a certain Superintendent came along and insisted on my lowering the heau. As the Textbook tells us to raise patients' head when face is flushed, I consider that the Superintendent made a grave error.

You misquote your Textbook which tells you to raise head and shoulders when face is flushed, the idea being that these should be raisedjust above level of body. The word" slightly " is understood; and, if inserted, it would save mistakes. Thus I have seen patient's head raised only, with the result chin alm?st touched sternum, breathing was impeded; and, agam, I have seen such a patient placed almost in a sitting position. So perhaps you overdid your job; and perhaps the Superintendent did not make such "a grav e error" after all.-N.C.F.

EXTE SION \HTH CO MPOUND FRACTURES.

G. J. (Dowlais).-As a sequel to a discussion on how we can avoid extension with a compound fracture of both bones of leg, a suggested that, wound being dressed and splmts 1.1 pOSitIOn, the bandages should be applied first above and then below fracture, next at upper and at lower end of splint. He further suggested that, If the last-named bandage (low er end of splint) is passed round both legs but only over injured limb, then extension would be avoided during transport, &c. Please favour us with your opinion.

AID June, 19 2 4.

By (I extension" IS meant the active interference with a fracture by pulling on lower fra<jment. So I can not see how any method of fixation of one or all bandages can possibly (, avoid extension " since these bandages are used for the sole purpose of steadying and supporting fracture in a fixed position.- .C.F.

TREATM ENT OF COMPRE SSION

W. P. (Westbury ).-In a recent railway test an engine-driver was supposed to have received a head-injury whIle moving his engine during shuntlOg operations in a goods yard. He was clearly sufferin g from Compression of the Brain and the problem arose as to whether he should be immediately removed from his engine in the yard, or whether the engine should be removed to a station platform near by so that patient could be lifted on the flat and placed directly on the stretcher. The Judge required the latter treatment. Consequently, a great deal of controversy has arisen oe the point, whi c h we submit with your decision.

From the First-Aid point of view I support most emphatically the ruling of your Judge, since I cannot see how you "afford complete rest " (Textbook, p. 146 ) to a patient suffering from Compress ion of Drain by hauling him out of an engine cab and lowering him to the ground ( a distance probably between eight and nine feet ) So favour the more easy (for bearers ), and less d is turbing (fo r patient ), plan of removal of engine to stretcher on platform.

From the Railway point of view, however, a rum our reaches me that such remov a l o f eng in e ( with driver incapacitated ), is most decidedly contrary to regulations. So there's the rub and the v. ay I got round th iS difficulty once in a similar test was to make my fireman a "passed driver."N.C.F.

PETROL FOR WOUNDS.

W. R. ( Glenneath ).-l saw an instructor of a Reserve Squad clean a dirty, greasy wound with petrol. Please tell us if you consider th is right.

I have no fault to find with petrol as an emergency disinfectant, more espe cially as I have been told by the manager of some motor works that wounds so treated never become septic. -N .C. F.

S TRETCHEH. DR1LL.

W. R. (G lenneath ) -With reference to Stretcher Drill when the order Stand to Stretcher is given, should the Bearer s step over the handles or slide their feet round tIle ends of the handles of stretcher. Please decide for us and settle a dispute.

Over the handles.-N.C.F.

" OG MORE" asks what is the exact regulation uniform to be worn by a Lady Divisional Secretary, both indoor an d outdoor, and what rank does she take in the Division ? She also asks if it is correct that there cannot be two officers in a Division unless there are over 12 members.

A Lady Divisional Secretary unless she holds Officers' rank, wears the uniform of an Ambulance Sister, both for indoor and outdoor purposes.

The duties of a Lady Divisional Secretary carry no rank in the Brigade.

Only one Officer can be appointed for each 12 Ambulance Sist ers; therefore if 2 Lady Ambulance Officers are required, there must be 24 Ambulance Sisters.

POSTAL INSTRUCTION In II PRESCRIPTION

READING" and U ELEMENTARY DISPENSINC. "

Everyone engaged in FIRST AID work should take up the above Courses at once.

A member O( S.J.A.B. writes :_cc I feel deeply Indebted tor the courses of instruction received, have often wanted to take such courses, but could never find where to get such." (T.B.)

Special terms now-half fees-to members of S.J.A.B., &c. Apply (stamp) to MR. J. E. WALDBN, Sec., Westminster College (Lady Dispenser Section of the Westminster College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, estd. 1874) 112, St. George's Road, Southwark, London,

Great Free Test for Every Nurse to make.

Black's Medical Dictionary was specially c ompi led for nurs e s and contains all l?e knowledg e nurs e requires, both for her everydav duties and for case!'. "'! e think, th e r efo re, that every nurse should have the opportUOIty o f seeing It, and shall hav e in sending it to any address fur days' fr ee e xamination on rE.c :! ipt of the Free Approval Form at foot of thiS announcement.

NO MONEY RE ,QUIRED

At the of period you may either keep it and pay for it by small monthly or you may return it to us carriage forward, and so end the matter Without _the outlay of a single penny. We pay all expenses, and tak e all. rISk of tranSit, so that you cannot p::lssibly lose by the transaction. DJ. not h e Sitat e, but fill in the now, wh.ile you are thinking of It, and st art to ePJoy th e free use of thIS work Immediately.

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Medical Dicti onary

• JOHN D. COMRIE, M.A ., B.Sc., M.D., F.R.C.P.Edin.)

every :.:n.edical fact the nurse requires

I hiS IS the most up-ta-date on the market, containing all the information o- ained durin orecent medical progre.ss It IS absolutely authorita tive and accurate in every deta il, avoidini all unnecessary teChnicalities, omi ts nothing that the nurse could possibly wish to know.

What you can learn duping the 4 days' free test

work shows exactly how to act In every pOSSible crisis-in accidents, cases of poisoning drowning, etc· h gives all the symptoms of disease and the act/oil of drugs, and treats all diseases separately and fully It shows how the nurse may protect herself by keepIng her own personal health in perfect condit io n and gives full InstruclIons on sanitation, erc. Anaromy, PhYS io logy , Nursing , the Management of Children are also fully treated. H ere are a few of the Section HeadIngs:-

Uisea s(s of "bdom.e n - Abcess - Absinthism - Absorption ccommodullon - Acetic Acid - AcidLy Aconit.: t-oisonlng - AcrOO1eglJly - A dison's Disease- AcneAdhesion - Air Passages - Alcohol - Alkali - AlveoJar

Abs ess Amaurosis - Amputation - AmmoniaAnremia - Anrest etics, etc. BaCilli - BackacheBacteria - B.ldness Bals ms - Band" gee Ba ley - Bell's Paralysis - Bicarbonate of Soda

- Bltel - Black - death - Black - heads - Black-water

Fever- BlIndness - BlIsters- Bone Olseu se - Brain -

Break- Down Fever-Disorders of Breath -Bronchitis Capillaries - Catalepsy Cataract - Ca tarrhDiseases of Chest - Chicken-Pox - Chilblain - Cbiils and Colds - Chloral Poisoning--Chocolate - Chloroform - Club - foo ,- (..olic- l.enstipation - Contagionetc. Decline- Dejleneration - Delusion - 0 Deodoranls - Diphtheria- Dipsom ania - DISinfection - Dhlccation - Drowning, Recovery from - Dysentery- Dyspepsill- Dyspnoea - DrnnkennelS, etc etc., etc

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a notice. Th e :Jictionary co n tains most helpful I Just sign and Dost this free Application Form. hints. E. 9, Chamberlain Street, I To the WAVERLEY BOOK CO .• Ltd., Craw rook, Hyton-on-Tyne_ ?6. Farring-don Street, London. E.C.4.

"It is a mo st valuable work and clea rly written."-E. D. I Please send me"on .carnage paid, for FOUR DAYS FREE BEL now, 41, Gl ouceste r Place, Littlehampton, Sussex. I EXAMINATION, Black s MedIcal Dictionary." It is understood that I " I think the work is very valu able. I am delighted may eturn the volum e.to you on the fifth day after I re cei e It, and that there the wi th iL"-A_ BE TLEY, 52, South St reet, v akefie ld. f matter ends. If I d eC ide to keep I will forward to you on the fifth day

Tear out and I a first payment of 1/ 6 , and beginning tim:), days after this first payment three Post J further monthly of 5 /- each, thus completing the purchase p:ice. PrIce for cash on the fifth day, 15/-

Free Form I iVa l/te

TO _ DAY

11 F.A.N., 19 2 4. (State if address is permanent.)

-FIRST

J\mbulance the j'l ews euttings from 3lress.

T ile E ditor invites r eaders o send newspaper cutting s on matter s 0/ Keneral interest fo r inclusion in his column.

" G AS ED" BY A MO TOR-CA R. \ V h lst motor n g on the Hast ngs road I h a d p lu g trouble. St o op ng over the eng i ne to remedy i t , w a s o v er c ome by the fumes. reeled a c ross the road , an d wa s s o ill when I g ot home that i t was t h ou g ht I wa5 p o isoned.

I was us i n g a well-known br a n d of petrol for the fi rst t i me -a nd I had taken no intox icants dur in g the day I am

AID. - Jun e, 1924

wond er in g if some moto r is t s , si m ila rl y o v e rcome, h av e been fined or imprisoned for drunkenne s s .-Even i ng lV ews.

F LAMB: S F ROM POC KET.

A m a n w a s wa lk i n g alo n g the E mb a n km e n y este rday a ftern o on , when a b ur st o f flam e cam e fr o m t he rig ht - h a n d po c ket o f h is jac k e t in w h ic h he was carryi n g som e c h ora t e of potash o zen g e s Some l o zen g e s cam e in t o co nt a c with th e s t ri k in g p o r io n of a safety-m a t c h bo x a n d t he f r ic t io n ca u s e d a flam e whic h set l ig ht to the ma t c he s Chlorat e of po t as h may b e u s e d as the b a s is of po werful e x p los ives, an d w hen carried n t h e po ck e t fr ic io n s h o uld be av oided .-Da ily J l a il.

CONTRACTORS TO THE WAR OFFlCE.

WHITE WRIGHT,

Ambulance Outfitteps, 93, Renshaw Stpeet, LIVERPOOL.

FIRST AID OASES COMPLETE- PASSED BY HOME OFFICE.

50 Employees, 22 / 6.

Sharlston & District Ambulance Shield.

A

MBULANCE men 'will you rally round the S B..CONJ)

AN TU.\L CC);\IPET ITION wh ich wtll be held on AUG UST 16 th, 19 24, in a field ktndly lent fo r the o cc asion, if fin e If wet, in Coun ci l S::: hool s , Sharlston (adJ o ning field ).

June, 1924. -FIRST

For Wounds, Cuts, Scalds and Burns

N c w-S.ki n is cUls , " a bra sio Ds and J resh inj urie s to th e skin. A nt isep tiC a nd ger m killing. It prot ec ts th e wou nd and a ll ows it to hea l natu ra ll y.

N e w-Skin is wate rpr oo f. It won't wash off. Yo u can wash o\' e r it. I t is t rans pa re nt a nd flex ib le HOW NEW-SKIN KILLS THE GERMS

S c ien t ific tests demo n strate its antiseptic powers

Use the Doyen of all Dressings,

GERMOLENE.

As tonishes by the rapidity of its Soothing, Healing Action.

GERMOLE N E has establ ished it supremac y n first aid work in every part of the world. It is unequalled for very ob v ious re as ons -

"1" an earlhen about three ":2" shows another plate, si mi la rl y Ireated, except hat part of Ihe sur face

Itllcroucs had been planted in row.,. had ueen covered w th Xew Ski n after and kep t at body temperature. .\t the the !:"t!rms were pl aced on it. It end of 4

1. As is supreme. Sept i c c omplications are ImpOSSible where i t is I t cleanses wounds of ever y part icle of matter The bacill of po ison shr iv el and d ie when i is appl ied.

Cash re funded if not appro ved

FOYLES

12l-125, ChaFing Cposs Road, London, W.C.2.

NOTICE TO READER5.

FIRST AID is published on the of each month. The Annual Subscription is 3s. 6d. post free; single copies 3d.

I ts aim and object being t he advancemen t 0 1 Ambulance W ork In all s br a nch es, t he Editor invites Readers t o send Articles and Repor ts on subjec t s per aining to t he Movemen t and a lso welcom es su gg es ons for Prac ical Papers.

All Reports, &c., sh ould be addressed to t he Edi tor at the a ddr ess below and sho uld reach him before he 12th of each mon t h, and must be accompanied (not necessarily /01" publication) by the name and address of t he Correspondent.

Subscriptions, Advertisements and other business tommurucations connec ed wi th FIRST AID should be forwarded to the Publishers, DALE, REYNOLDS & CO., LTD., 46, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. 4. 7 eleg raphic Address ,' "Twent1l-/our, London." 7 elephone No. 5477 Bank.

Valuable pr iz es w ill be gi ven to the s u cc es s ful c omp e tit o r s For S c h e dule app ly to S e cr et a ry, E. S n :J<;L , 8, V ic toria - terr ace, S ny da le', e a r P o nte{ac t.

L LAND DEMONSTRATIO N A N D C AR N I V AL-A mbu lan c e compet ion for he " Demp s ter " Ambulan c e S h ield will t ak e pla c. e on S aturday Ju l y r'Z th. F i rst three pr iz es to th e valu e of ,£ 10, if more than 20 learn s four pri ze s Three special pr iz es wil l b e aw a rded to the indiv idu a l c ompet t or gaining th e h i gh e st number of m a rks outs ide tJ l e p m:e W nnin g team s. E ntr ies clo s e on July 9t h. Open to all t e ams A ssocia t ion or B rigade> Entry forms on appli c at on to W H Ba rnett, Ga rw ic k -te r race, Gr ee tland , near H a lJa x. N.B-The Eil a n d Bri g ade will no t c ompet e

WORS l1R O AND D I STR I CT S J .• \ D. - F i ft h \n n ua Competitio n for Mr. W. B . G uttus ' Challe n g e va lue ,£60 , on Saturda y July 26t h , 19 24. If fin e' , in a field n e ar lI e adq'Jar te rs; f wet, in Ileadqu a rt e rs, n e ar T ram Termi n us , \ Vor s br o Bridge Va l uable P riz es will b e giv en for ]st, 2nd, 3r d Te a ms. A pp ly S e cr et ary, J V Smith, ] 30, lI igh-s tre et, \ V orsb r o ' D a le , n ear Ba rn s le y Entra n ce fee , 6s. per te am

PRI NT I NG PR E SS , me ta l t y pe, ac c es sories 22S 6 d. Us efu for lab el s car d s, n ot ic e s Pa rt ic u la rs from \' vV ebster, 291, N orm a nton -ro a d, Derb y "FIRST AID " QUERY and REPLIES COUPON.

To be cut out and enclosed with all Queries J UNE 1924.

Uniforms & Equipment.

2. :;Qothes There is none of the tmghng, smartmg, or pa n wh ich is wi th bactericidal agents so often used 10 the past. The act ion of GER M OLENE is so rap id that the qu ick cessat ion of pain invar ab ly aston ishes the user.

3· heals completely a nd safely. New issue IS bu.i lt up in a healthy, natural manner I,nflammatlOn and fester in g stop because the cause IS expelled.

GE RM OLENE sho.uld be kept r.eady for use by all ambul ance workers ; It should certa10ly have a permanent m fir.st-aid chest and n every home fo r ImmedIate applIcatlOn in cases of cuts wounds scalds and burns I t is just as useful for kmd of skm and it is the doyen of all sk n preparatIOns for use in children's a ilments.

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"FIRST AID" I

Male Human Body

By G. M. DUPUY, M.D.

1-------------' Co mpl et e Set ()f 19 Sheets on R edu ced Rejroduciiflll 0/ Shut K. ro ugh ca r t ridge paper, wi th R oller. 42 / - ne t; o r m o u nt ed on L i nen,7o / -net. Po sta ge 1/ 3. " \Ve ll selected for the ir p urpose will certa in y he Lectu re r much trouble. "-Hos{J;I t1 /. 14th Edit ion. P od,e ize. Illus

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'Yadil' Antiseptic and

'Y a dil ' An tiseptic stands alone among first-aid requisites, bec ause it can be used with equal beuefit either e x ternally or internally. With' Yadil' a lone , effective first-aid can be rendered both in accidents and in illness.

Applied externally to wounds, cuts, scratches, stings, etc" Y adil' effectually prevents sepsis and produces rapid healing. It neither st1.i ns or corrodes the skin. It does not smell after it is applied, It keeps indefinitely without loss of strength or efficacy.

On burns a nd scalds the effect of 'Yadil' is almost miraculous. It it be applied at once and the part then smeared with 'Yadil' Ointment , pain ceases immediately and no blisters form.

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TIlE Y ADIL BOOK gIves simple directions, based on medical reports, for the 'Y adil' treatment of a wide range of accidents, injuries, and disorders. Should be in every First-Aid Outfit and in every home. Of all chemists, or sent post-free for 2/6.

produced an antiseptic which. can int er,?ally without risk of injury to cell - tissue we shall have conqu ered InfectIOUs dIseases . - LORD LISTER.

Yadil' Antiseptic products are prepared e xclu sively by CLEMENT & JOHNSON LIMITED 19 Sicilian Av enue London w .e.I.

FIRST AID, HOME NURSING, HOME HYGIENE & CARE OF CHILDREN

PUBLICATIONS BY COLONEL R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B., C.M.G., C.LE., D.S.O., M.D., M.R.C.P.E., D.P.H.(Lond. Knight of Grace of St. John, Member of the Order of Mercy, Kaiser·i·Hind Medalist, Barrister·at·Law, Asst. ·Commissioner St. John Ambulance Brigade.

AI D.- June, 19:14.

MANU ALS OF FIRST-AID, &c.,

By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., B.C" B.A.(Cantab), M.R.C.S. Now READY.

AMBULANCE COMPETITION TESTS (Stretcher, Individual and Question-Three Folders).

Price 3d. each net, post, AIDS TO FIRST-AID.

Fifth Edition. Post free, lid.

Flrst·Ald SImplified aod Tabulated, with Aids to Memory, Col. Sir lames Cantlie contributes an introduction and we endorse his gooa opinion 0./ the book."- LANCET.

AIDS TO HOME-NURSINQ.

Second Edition Price II d •• post free.

Home·Nurslug Simplified and Tabnlated, with Aids to Memory.

" Tltis book wonderfoll, simplifies a complex subject and should be read b1l aI, students. " -L. & N.W. Rv. GAZETTE.

EFFICIENCY IN FiRST-AID.

Post free II. 3d.

Problems In Study, Treatment and Examination solved lor Senior Stndents.

" Without doubt the book will be ol/?Teat service in tlu traini"ff oj those lor whom it is desz:.ened. " -BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL.

COMMON ERRORS IN FIRS1-AID.

18. ne pos 2d. Errors In Flrst·Ald Delailed and Explained.

"1 lL is book g i z·es a clea re r n sl:£?"ILt ;1Ito the metltods and diffic u lties 0./ clll c y'£?"en cy trea tmen t by lay m ell tit a n the otJicia l T extbook

WHY AND WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID.

Fi fth Edition. Price II. 2d .• post free.

Dlfflcnltles la Stndy and Treatment Bolved by Question aad Aaswer.

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HINTS FOR HOSPITAL ORDERLIES.

Post free, 8d.

Orderly Dntles Simplified aud Tabulated, with Aids to Memory.

A most compact brochure contains much use.ful injormation ." - PRESCRIBER

LIFE SIZE ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS FOR LECTURING PURPOSES.

Mo un ted o n Ca o \'as R oll er to p a n d b ott o m

215. n el ea cb.

Ltd., Gt. Titchfield Stl"eet, London, W.i.

WE SPECIALIZE IN UNIFORMS. S.J.A.B.

OFFICERS' UNIFORNS, CAPS, SAM BROWNE BELTS, GREATCOATS, RANK and FILE UNIFORMS, BELTS and POUCHES, CAPS, HAVERSACKS, GLOVES, etc.

Patterns and particulars, with Self·measurement Forms, sent to any address by return of post.

SPECIAL LINES.

S.J .A.B. Tunic and Trousers £2 7 6 (Black Vicuna or Serge)

S.J.A.B. Trousers - 12/6 & 16/6 per pair (S ock, all sizes) (Postage 9d.)

AMBULANCE NURSES COATS

37/6

1. H u man Ske le ton, front v ew. 2. Musc les, fron ic\\·. 3. H uman S k clc!loll b ack view 4. n l uscles, back vip\\, ,. The H ear and principal Blood Vessels.

6. V sce ra o th e Chest and A bdomen C\ ) ". Y iscera of the Chest :Inti l,domen (B ). 8. V isce a of the Chest and Abdomen (C) 9. V j,cera of the Chest and Abdomen CD). 10. T he N er\'ous System. 11. Schemat ic of Circula ion.

12 T he H uman Ear.

13 The Human Eye. "\ [edian SectioIl Skin

.22' M edian Se ction thr lug h Head.

J.

By

M. CARVELL, M.R.C.S.Eog. AN INDEX OF IFIRST-AID.

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FIRST AID IN FEW WORDS. ( 8,md thou s and).

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12 pp.-72 bandaging diagrams, w th notes. StronC[ paper, 2d. Pos - -----..EAL TH IN FEW WORDS. -

By Sir R. H PIRTH. D.P." .• F.R C S.

20th Thousand. Paper folder 3 in. and 4 in. P ost free 3d. net.

By HOWAR.D M. PRBSTON. Demonstrator to the Polytech"ic THE TRIANCULAR BANDAGE: Its Application Accurately Desdbed by Words and 116 Diagrams. 116 Dlus. Price, 1 S. net; postage 2d. THE ROLLER BANDAGE.

Its Application Accurately Described by Words and 162 Diagrams. Price, S. net; postage, 2d.

FIRST-AID ANATOMICAL DIAGRAMS.

Thirteen (I to 12 and J4) on Roller. Post free, 3s. 9d. net. No. 13 (separately) Male and Female Genital Organs, IS. THE COMPLETE MANIKIN. Systems of Body accurately indexed. Invaluable to Students of Anatomy, Medicine, First·Aid and Allied Subjects. Price 2S. net; postage, "d THE WHOLE ART OF BANDA"INB.

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By Col. R. J. BLACKHAM, C.B .• C.M.O C.I.E .• 0.5.0 M.D. (I) Poisoning, (2) H remorrhage, Insensibili y, (4) Asphyxia (Sus pended Breathing), (5) Frac tures, Dislocations and Sprains, (6) Wounds, Bites, Burns, Scalds, Rupture and Minor Injuries. The Series con Tains all the essentials of First Aid. Printed on linen·lined cards, 31" x Third Edition. 6d. net each; postage 2d. extra. HANDBOOK FOR TUBERCULOSIS WORKERS. By NOEL O. BARDSWELL, M.V.O M.D •• P.R.C.P. Fscp. 8vo. limp cloth. IS. 6d. net; post 2d. THE BIRTH AND EARLY DAYS OF OUR AMBULANCE TRAINS IN FRANCE-AUGUST, 1914, witb 5 illustrations By Col. O. A. MOORE. C.M.O .• 0.5.0 .• M..D. Second Edition. Post free, 18. 2d. net. JOHN BALB. SONS a: DANIBLSSON, Ltd •• 83-91, Great TltchDeld Street, London, W.l.

weCl i v,. Ii t to[, .r" oif , c< a rca-ViC '.t: ,lee oj" ) )i v l(1 OV "'f C 1')

vl/_' to] __ O\T," ,,' C:'O"'u 1 CElJ' ! 'S ' .c 8}):.110 , ori i. l(l}... { . ld. 1 " • r. -