First Aid Journal July 1894-June 1896 by Museum of the Order of St John

FIRST AID A _!OURNA L DEl70TE D No . I. -

VOL.

1.J

TO AMB U L ANCE

JULY, 189+

E scarcely feel that any apology is needed for the introduction of a Journal of this kind to the notice of Ambulance men, knowing that it will supply a long-felt 'w ant, but a statement showing what we intend to do, an d the various ways in which First Aid work may be encouraged and increased, seems to be called for. vVe acknowledge the responsibility to be great, and we know that such a journal as this may ha,'e a powerful influence which should only be used for the furtherance of good and useful objects. This paper will contain the official announcements of the St. John Ambulance Association, and also the orders issued by the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and other bodies engaged in Ambulance work, when such are deemed necessary for publication. It will be the means of communication between the different branches of Ambulance seryice, and will support strongly the further ance and extension of First Aid of all kind.!'i. Its colu mns will be open for the yentilation of questions and matters of importance connected with the ,york, and Ambulance news of all kinds-it sufficiently interesting-will be published ' and for this purpose ,ye ask correspondents in yariou~ parts to send contributions and supply information. Reports of meetings, social gatherings, &c., where Ambulance plays a part ,\-i11 also be giyen. This is a journal written by Ambulance men for Am,bulance men, and we appeal to all classes interested in the work to render First Aid to ourselyes by supporting and encouraging us in our infancy, so that ,ye may acquire' strength and yigour as ,ye grow older. There is one point on which we think a few words ought to be said. \ Vhen Ambulance work was first commenced, many medical men kept aloof from the moyement, being of op inion that it would interfere with their own professional occupation, inasmuch as it might lead men 'W11O had acquired a smattering of medical knowledge to begin amateur doctoring. Time has refuted this idea, for we have never yet heard of an Ambulance pupil doi.ng anything that would prejudice the interests of a medical man; on the other hand the pupil is only too pleased to help the doctor and obey his orders, having learnt the necessity of calling in medical aid as soon as possible. The development of the Ambulance moyement has been most remarkable . Starting sixteen years ago in a small way by t he formation of the St. John Ambulance Association it has increased by leaps and bounds, em braci ng all classes of society-from members of the Royal Family dmvn to the inmates of Dr. Barnardo's Homes. The City Police authorities are making it compulsory amongst th e members of the force, and we h ope that the Fire Brigade will soon follow su it. Some of the Railway Comp anies (bu t not all) h;we supported it in a most enthusiastic manner , in each instance forming their own corps, and turning out a most efficient body of men. Then

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PRICE ONE PENNY.

there is the St. John Ambulance Brigade, which came into being in J 888, and the Metropolitan Corps of ,yhich consists now of about ~oo officers and men. \ Ve haye reason to be proud of the -work done by this body, seeing that it is purely yoluntary. On all public occasions, such as meetings in Hyde Park, processions, Bank Holidays, or any ceremony where there is likely to be a crush, the Brigade sends out detachments fully equipped with tents, ",-agons, and litters, prepared to deal "'ith any ca es that may arise. On the day of the Royal \Vedding oyer 15 00 cases of illness and accident were attended to-a record not likely to be broken for some time. I n addition t o these we haye the various corps and companies that are attached to the Volunteer sen-ice, and which are concerned chiefly in rendering the particular kind of First Aid that is required in the time of war. The first is the Volunteer Medical Staff Corps, an energetic body that has been in existence some years doing a most useful work, and occasionally turning out for duty in the streets. It ,,,as of great sen'ice on the occasion of the Duke of York's wedding. X ext there is the Volunteer Ambulance School of Instruction, ,,,hich as its name implies, imparts instruction in First Aid work to Volunteers. Then there is the Volunteer Bearer Company attached to the East London Volunteer Brigade. The Ambulance sen-ice of the T ational Fire Brigade Union also desen-es mention, being a force that has been recenth' established in connection "'ith the Proyincial Fire Brigades. The National Health Association also work on somewhat similar lines to the St. John Ambulance Association, holding examinations in First Aid and Kursing, and granting certificates. And then la t, but not le;}st, ,,-e haye that large body of lady nurses attached to the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and called the Nursil]o" Di\'~sion. They have been found to be \yilling and anxlOUS to go out on duty when called upon, in the parks, ~treets, and open spaces, their sen-ices .being mo t useful 111 the treatment of m embers of theIr own sex. The mere mention of the above list, and the fact that First Aid has been selected as one of the subjects in the Technical Education Classes in Yarious parts of the country shows that there is a large demand for this par~icula r .kind of knOldedge. The importance of spreadmg thIS moyement amongst manufactories and workshops is so eyident that it need only be men tioned. Notwithstanding the progress that has been made, there is room for a much greater increase and a further development of the work in manr directions. The motto of the Order of St. J ohn is pro ubldate 1,0 11lt"IlUlll. ~-Iave our readers eyer th~)Ught of the grand comprebellSl\'eness and the far-reachmg of the meaninoof this term? 'w orkers in First Aid are indeed thankft.~ that they know not politics, that they can carryon their labours ,\"ithout reference to race, creed, or class doinutheir duly conscientiously for the benefit of ~ll and witbout hope of fee or reward. '

FIRST

1Hotes By II TOTJRXII2L'ET."

HAVE to congratulate all my fellow Ambulance workers, both in town and country, on this, the first appearance of FIRST AID. -x- -x~y:-

I T has been talked about for a long time, and wanted a long time, and only wanted the necessary" go," which it now has obtained, to make it start; wanted also, plenty -of subscribers. -Jt.

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THE Editor has authorised me to write a few notes on current topics, therefore I shall feel greatly obliged by any reader, who has anything amusing or interesting to communicate, writing to me at the office of the Journal.

AID.

JULY,

I WENT down on the 26th May to Herne Hill, to the Hospital Saturday Sports, to see if the St. John's Gate Detachment had anything to do. When I arrived I saw about six or eight cyclists riding slowly round; on asking what they were doing, was told that it was the Mile Scratch Race. They kept the same pace until the last quarter, when they all sprinted; of course, two or three got shut out. Apparently the new way of racing. Curious ! -x- .;.' ,If.

TWENTY-EIGITT started in the 5 miles level race, but, although every preparation ,\'as made for a smash, nothing happ ened, and the day was a blank for the Brigade. -x- % >If.

By the way, one of the funniest things I have seen lately outside a variety show, was at the contest for the Massey-Mainwaring Challenge Cup.

I WAS somewhat astonished at r eading in "Cyding" a "Staccato" note about the Ambulance Corps at Herne Hill. He says there was an ostentatious" marching" of a stretcher borne by gentlemen looking like" unde rtakers' mutes turned prison warders," and commanded by an officer in "similarly (szc) gaudy ga rb."

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A PRIVATE, weighing about 9-stone, volunteered to be lifte>d (in the fireman's lift), but, from the way he was handled by some of the competitors, it seemed as though his coat and trousers were filled with lead. Three utterly failed to get him on to their shoulders, and to :;ee a very big man, about Is-stone, struggling with this youngster, was highly diverting. -;:.. w· ~f

I THINK the smartest lifter was Phillips', ofthe St. John's Gate Division, No. I. He didn ' t tackle our friend abovementioned though. -x- ,yo.;.'

WllAT a number of methods there were of treating a burst varicose vein in the leg. As far as I could see, the bleeding spot was marked on the leg by the doctor, and the competitors had to atte nd to it.

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SO~IE watched it (bleed), while their companions got a

bandage ready, some imm ediately put a finger on the wound, ~omeput a pad and bandage on the wound, others left it alone, and put bandages above and below it, some raised the limb, others let it lie in the position they found it, and one, the Great Northern, raised it by the ingenious device of bending th e other knee, putting the injured leg cn it, and tying the two tog ether. -x- ~;.

I SAW one competitor place his thumb directly upon the femoral artery, and keep it there until the bandage was carefully fixed on. *" *. *' SURELY all these methods cannot be right. Does it show that there is a difference in the teaching, or are the members of the squads so nervous that they forget?

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THE final contest, or (as it turn ed out), the match between the King Edward Institute and Great Northern Teams, was very close. They were both very nervous, and neither did as well as lhey ought to have done, the King Edward winning by a point.

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I WONDERED why a certain officer, after having loaded his stretcher, shook the poor patient up by marking time. He could not have thought that th e broken bones would settle bettter into their places.

*' I Al'tI afraid that the" Staccato N oter" was not well, -not quite up to the mark. All his notes are written in a lugubrious tone suggestin g the idea that he had just come home from a fun e ral (henc e the expression, " mutes ") . His education also has been neglected, for, apparently, h e had not previously seen th e Brigade uniform , which, hitherto, has been praised for its neatness and becoming appearance. % ;..'

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I EXPECT our friend would have indulged in a mournful diatribe on the uselessn ess and incompetence of Ambulance men if an accident had happened, no matter how well first aid mi g ht have been rendered. ~.'

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BY-TIlE-BYE, I have never seen a stretcher" march." ..;:,.

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THE Soldi ers at the Military Tournament are very smart at th ei r first aid work. At the same time, how can a wounded man rid e and jump a hedge on horseback? -;.~

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I DO sincerely hope that ever) body cO I:nected with th e Brigade will make a great effort to go into Camp this year. As is well known, it will be held in Margate, and I have reason tor saying that there will be several special features this year, in fa ct, a new and attractive programme. oJ!.

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THERE will be two issu es of th e Journal, which will help to make things brisk, and the re will also b e-but I must not let the cat out of the bag. -x- -x>'f.

WHAT teams are going in for the Brigade ChallenO"e Cup? St: J?hn's Gate, No. I, must look out . Although you hold 1[;, It does not follow that you are going to keep it. King Edward Institute and Great Northern have beaten you just lately, so it behoves you to get up early and practice. -x- -;..< ~

I HEAR that the Duke of York is going to Broadstairs this month. Is it too much to hope that His Royal Highness will pay a visit to the Camp? Sur ely some of my readers must have some influence in that direction.

18 94. J

FIRST

A I D.

·~be !IDaBBe\?~flDaillwarillg <tballenge <tUp.

tlnnual ~a1np of 3nstruction.

'THE Competit~on fo.r this Cup presented hy the Hon. Massey-MaInwarIng, D. L.,LL.B., was held on Monday the 28th May, at St. James's Schools, Clerkenwell. It was open to squads of four men with an officer .or supernumerary officer in charge, and took th e following form :-( I) Single man carryi~g cO~lpeti~ion and artificial respiration. (2) Bandaging WIth triangular bandage. (3) Stretcher drill: lifting, lowering and Imarching with wounded, and a (4) Brief vivlt-voce examination. The Judges were for Nos. I and 2, Hon. Surgeons Tunstall. Howard and Jone s ; for No.· 3, Major Maclure, Supts. Morgan and Paull, Sergt.-Major Ellis; for No. 4, Hon. Surgeons Warwick and Hey. The following teams entered the li sts: Great Northern Railway, North London Railway, Midland Railway No. z, Kin g Edward Institute, Barking Division, Highgate and Muswell Hill, Ley ton No. I and No. z, St. John's Gate No. I and NO.2. There was a good a ttendance of friends of th e competitors and of nurses, a nd everybody showed a grea t interest in the proceedings. Some of the squads were exceedingly smart in their drill, notably th e St. John's Gate No. I, the Great Northern, the King Edward Institute, whilst others appeared to r equire more practice to enable the men to work together better, one team being struck out at the commencement, owing to failure in this respect. Th e injuries given by the doctors were fractured lower jaw and burst varicose vein of the leg. 1 here was room for improvement in the way of efficiency, especially a.s regards the fracture-in many instances the bandage was very slack and easily removed. There was a considerable amount of variety shown in the treatment of the venous bleeding, some of which could not be co mmended. The chief interest and amusement seemp-d to be centred in the s ingle man car rying competitio n. Some of the competitors apparently co uld not lift a young fellow and accordingly gave it up, oth ers picked him up easily, and were of cou rs e loudly cheered. As the time passed on it was seen that it would be a very close thing between about three of the teams, viz. :-St.John 's Gate, No. I, Great Northern and King Edward Institute. The Competition was over about ] I, and it was 11.50 before the Judg es could make up th ei r minds, and th en Mr. Brasier announced th at the result wasGreat Northern Railway) E Kin g Edward Institute .) QUAL St. John'S Gate, No. [ 3 On Monday, June 4th, the tie was decided at the Charterhouse School. Supts. Morgan and Paull were Judges of the d rill, and Hon. Surgeon Howard of the remainde r of th e work in th e unavoidable absence of the other doctors. The contest was again very keen between the two teams, and after a hard fight the Jud ges' verdict wasWINNER: KING EDWARD INSTITUTE, which thus holds the Cup for a year. The nam es of the winning squad are :-Staff-Se rgeant Kimber and Privates Albers, Jones, Leach and Lomas.

T will doubtless be interest!ng to our re;;ders to g~ve a few particulars of the different occasIOns on which th e St. John Ambulance Brigade has gone into camp. The first one was held in 1890 at Tetherdown, Muswell Hill on a field lent by Mr. Crees. It was, compared to the following ones, a small affair, ani owed a great measure of its success to Surgeon Commandant Norton of the Voluntee r Medical Staff Corps, and Major Challen, who is well known as an old habitue of the subsequent camps. It was only "hoped" then it would be an annual affair. It seems that some of the inhabitants thought it was a fever camp, and treated it accordingly. The second camp was held at the same place in July, 1891, and opened byMrs. Brasier,wifeoftheChiefSuper . int endent, the following corps being r epresented, Metropolitan, St. John's Gate, Burlington, Leytonstone, Cyclist Division, and from the country, Padiham Potteries, Newport (Isl e of Wight), Northampton, Live rpo ol. The Camp lasted eight days, and was favoured by the presence of Lieut. Col. J. C. Dalton, Sir Herbert Perrolt, Mr. J. H. Easterbrook, and Sir Albert Rollitt. There was an Ambulance Display, consist in g of various competitions, followed by a series of athletic sports, and also an interesting Fire Brigade display. The capahilities of the "To rtoi se" mess tents were fully tested by a thundersto rm and found efficient. The third Camp was again held in the same place in July, 1892, the opening ceremony being performed br Lady Kennett Barringto n. Col. ,Vyndham Murray, M.P., paid a visit, inspecting the whole of the camp, and very much pleased thereat. Ambulance competitions and athletic spo r ts were held, the prizes being presented by Mr. J. H Easterbrook, Secretary to the Order of ~t. John. The following corps wt:re represented, Metropolitan, St. John's Gate, Burlington, Haggerstone, North Lon~on, Midland Railway, King Edward Institute, Eton IvlisslOn, Leytonstone, aud Cyclists Division, No rth ampton, Newport (Isle of \Vight), Potteries and \Vellingborough. AuO'ust last year saw th e fourth Camp at Tetherdown, cons i~tin g of detachments from the various Divisions of th e Metropolitan Corps, and from Nottingham, Derbyshire, Northampton, &c. It was opened by the Hon. Miss Amherst, acco mpanied by Lord Amherst of Hackney, Secretary General of the Order, who gave a short address. The chief event of the Ambulance part of the competition was the contest for the Briga~e Challenge Cup presented by Dr. Symons Eccles 111 recognition of the services of the Corps on the day ?f the Royal vVedding. It has to be won three y~ar~ In succession before co ming th e property of th e wInnIng team. After a smart fight the No. I and 2, St. John's Gate Division had the honour of being the first winners. There was also a bandaging competition for the nurses which was won by Sister Blye Bourke . . Everything passed off most satisfactorily, but perhaps the officers would have been more pleased if a larger number of men could have mustered in camp. The success of these outin gs has been large ly due to the catering and management of Quartermaster Morgan. THIS YEAR'S CAMP. We quote from the "Official Circular." " The Annu.al Camp of Instruction will thi~ year be helLi in the neighbourhood of Margate, in a large meadow kindly placed at the disposal of the Brigade by A. A. Padley, Esq, J.P., of Dent-de-Leon, Westgate-on-Sea, from July 7th to I4th inclusive. The Camp has now

FIRST AID.

become so recognised an institution in connection with Brigade Work that the Camp Committee are desirous of continuing it as the Annual Outing of the Brigade. It must, however, be borne in mind that the expense and labour involved in the arrangements is very large, and unless Officers of Corps can use their personal influence to induce their men to support the movement by their presence, the Committee will feel reluctantly compelled to abandon it. The site selected this year is adjacent to the picturesque ruins of the old Norman gateway of Dent-de-Leon, and is only ten minutes walk from vVestgate-on-Sea) where the Bathing is admittQd to be unrivalled anywhere round the coast. vVhile it must be distinctly recognised that lmtruction should be the first consideration in attending the Camp, still the Committee recognise the necessity of providing also for the amusement of the members; Cricket and other Sports will be provided for leisure hours, and arrangements will also be made for Ooncerts, etc. The Annual Competitions will take place on Friday, July 13th, when the handsome Brigade Challe nge Cup, presented by Hon. Surgeon Eccles, and open to the whole Brigade, will be competed for." THE H os pital Saturday Fund has organised a Class tor instruction in First Aid. It was commenced on June 2nd, at 59, Farringdon Street, and numbers over ISO, the lecturer being Dr. F. ]. Warwick, who makes the lectures very interesting by means of lantern.slides.

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STREET ACCIDENTS IN LONDON. ON the 12th June, the Home Secretary stated in the House of Commons that during the week ending the ' (3th May, preceding the Cab strike, 7 persons were killed, and 608 injured, total 6(5. During the four weeks IOth June, 13 were killed, and 574 injured, total 5 8 7. TO OUR READERS. As it is our most earnest wish and desire to make this Journal as attractive as possible, we beg corres· pondents in all parts of the country to give it all the help they can. \N e hope the Superintendents of Corps and Officers of Divisions of the St. John Ambulance Brig-ade, and Officers of the Volunteer Medical Staff Co;ps, and the Volunteer Ambulance School of Instruction , will do their best to make it known amongst their respective corps, and also will s end for publication their official news. Another way of supporting the J ourna! is by subscriptions-plenty of them. We shall also welcome, and be pleased to report, the details of any case where first aid has been of great service. either in the way of saving life, or preventing serious mischief. NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. Letters to the Edz"tor must be wrztten on one szde of tile paper only, and must be accompanz"ed by the !lame and add1'ess of the sendel', not necessa1' zly for pubhcatlOll . vVe do not zdentify ourselves wz"tlz the vzews fzeld by our co 1'respondents. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR 12 months, IS 6d., post free, to be sent to "The Publisher."

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FIRST AID • A JOUR/VAL DEl70TED TO A llfBULANCE U7 0RJ{,. No. 2.-VOL. I.

[Entdl'.!,l at S{z/!o.·IJrS' Hall.]

,\UGUST,

o ourselves, ~s. earnest SUl?p~rters of the First. ! \ id

movemel:t, It IS most gratIfying to see the progress T that is heinU" ., made with the work on all sides. On look. in o' a.t th e Report of the St. John Ambulance As soci ation fo~ 1393 we see that 30.76l ,. First Aid ., and" NursinO"" Certiftcates ""ere issu ed in the past year again s t 23,563 granted in the preyious year, showing an increase of over 7,000- an encouraging sign. \Ve also see in the Report that classes are being held und er Lho auspic('s of th e Technical In stru ction Com· mittees of some of the County Councils. SurgeonMajor Hutton, the organi sing Commissioner, says that "every effort has b ee n made during the year to "promote work in this dir ection, and with some success," -from whi ch we gather that the success has not been great. As this Journ a l is lik e ly to r each the hands of members of County Councils "ve desire to draw th eir attention to this, anti to empha.size the words of th e Commissioner, tha t " what is want ed is to put the /I techni cal committees of th e County Councils in pos" session of all the facts in conn ec tion with the \\'ork of "the St. Jo hn Ambulance Asso ciation." On e County Counci l allows five shillings a head for all pupils attending th e exam ination, whether they pass or not; anoth e r m akes a capitation g r ant of 7s. 6d. for the " First Aid/' and lOS. for the" Nursing" course to all candidates presenting themselves for examination. One re mark we should like to make is this, and we wish to impress it upon County Councils, that in making the grant it should be see n that the proper fee is paid to the medical man who gives the lectu r es . \V e have heard of a committee that tried to bargain with the doctors (and succeeded) to give the lectures at one guinea for the full course. If th e instruction is worth having, it is worth paying for. The grand work done by the" lay doctor" is handsomely acknowledged by the Ctty P:'ess in a recent article. The advantages, the usefulness, and also the necessity of acquiring this special knowledge are pointed out, and some idea is given of the extent of its growth in the last few years. We cordially agree with the methods re co mm ended for imparting the know· ledge, but th e re is one way of supporting this movement which is not mentioned, and which we recom mend to the noti ce of the City Companies. Many of the classes that are formed in the East and other parts of London are not self - supporting, and therefore the expense (or a portion of it) falls on the Association. If this cause of anxiety were eliminated by grants to the local centres from the City Companies and like bodies, more free cla sses could be held, doing something towards educating" th e vast bulk of the population." To h elp this mov emen t thoroughly, and to make it go ahead with the enthus,iastic spirit that is r equired, mOlley must be forth coming, and we know not whom we can more appropriately apply to than th e ri ch City Companies. In another column we give a list of th e work performed by the St. John Ambulance Brigade during

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PRICE O~E PE~:\Y.

th e last month, showing that holding office in thi s corps is no sinecure , and th at th e call to duty is always . chee .rfully re<;ponded to. If the ci ty magnates wtl~ b ea r I.n mind that the office rs and mei'l, one and all, g-Ive theIr services g ratuitously, that th ey have attended, and are always ready to atte nd any civic ceremonies, and that th ei r object is th e protec tion of life and limb , both of city prince and gutter-boy, :,'e t~ink tl;a,t t,hey will resp ond with that generous ltberailty whIen tn ey have hitherto exhibited towards all deserving publi c nee ds. The demand is constant, awl so we hop e will be the supply. ---:0:----

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®rtfrr of tDe li~o~pitat of ~t. ~oDn of :ij ent$aI fill.

HE Chapter of the Grand Priory of the Ordp. r of the Hospital of St. John of J erusalem in Engl a nd has, \"ith the approval of His Royal Highness the Prince of "Vales , Grand Prio r of th e Order, selected the undermen. . ti oned as Honorary Associates of th e Order in r ecog mtion of services rendered to the Order in connection ",ith its ambulance department (the St. John Ambulan ce As~ sociation), and the selection has re ceived the app:oval and :;anction of Her l\fajesty the Queen , th e SovereIgn H e;;td and Patron o f the Order: -Ho nora ry Associates: FleminO" r.lant Sand with, l\1.D ., Cairo; Matthew Baines, 11.D., London; William John St e phens , L R .C.I>. Edin., and Henry Algernon Hodson , L.R. C P . Edin., Brighton Centre , St. J ohn Ambulan ce Assoriation; Edmund \Vest Symes, MD .. HalifJ.x; Henry Hammo~d Smith, l\I.R.C.S., Stourbridge; Robert John CollJe, 11 D., Metropolitan; \Villiam Duncan, L. R . C. P., Edin ., Bristol; George Middlemiss, M.D., Darlington; H a rry Pennington Hallcws, l\1 D , Doncaster.

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30bn thnbulance :fJ3rigabe. ST. JOIl~'S DAY.

ANNUAL INSPECTIO OF THE 1fETRO. POLITAN CORPS. N Monday, the 25 th June, th e day appointed to be kept as St. John's Day (the 24th being on Sunday), the members of the l\lctropolitan Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade were inspe cteci in Gray"s Inn. The Commissioner of th e Brigade, Colonel E. T. Thackeray, C.B., V.c., and Chief Superintendent Church Brasier directed the proceedings, which were enlivened by selections of music played by th e Brigade Band. The London County Council sent a rletachmen t of Police who had been enrolled in th e ranks of the Brigade. The Nursing Divisions were also r epre ~ sented by a large body of Sisters, who lookeu neat and smart in their large white aprons and pretty bonnets. Hospital tents, fully furnished, ambulance wagons, and stretchers completed the equipment.

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FIRST AI D.

Various squads, each in charg-e ot an officer, were told off a.nd sent out to treat patients apparently sufferinO'" from variou..; injuries, and to bring them in to the b;se hospital , where they were examined by the surgeon in charge. The work done was very creditable, and earned high encomiums from many medical men present. The sisters gave a display of roller bandaging, which was remarkably well done and reflected great credit on the surgeons by whom they ha.d been instructed, The Members and Honorary AssocIates of the Order examined the cases treated, inspected the tents and wagons, and expressed their gratification at the efficiency shown. The Hon. Surgeons present were, Messrs. Tunstall, Howard, Jones, and Round. As soon as the display "vas over the men and sisters were drawn up so as to form three sides of a square with the tents on the fourth side, and were address(;d hy Sir Edmund Lechmere, Bart., M.P., the Chancellor of the Order, who said that the Order of St. John of Jerusalem was very proud of having attached to it a body like the St. John Ambulance Brigade-a voluntary body which was always ready when called upon to go out on duty in the streets of London. He congratulated them on their efficiency, and complimented the Chief Superintendent upon the smart manner in which the work was executed. He was also very pleased at seeinO" members of the police furce present, and concluded by thanking them for their attendance there on that day. The Right Hon. Lord Amherst of Hackney, Secrdary General of the Order, also briefly addressed the Corps. BRIGADE CAMP OF INSTRUCTION. HI S year the camp was held in a field kindly lent by A. Padley, Esq., JP., at Dent-de-Leon, "vVestgate· on-Sea. This property takes its name from a charming old Norman Gate situated a short distance from the sea, in one of the healthiest spots on the East coast. On Saturday, the 7th July, members of the various divisions of the Metropolitan Corps travelled down by rail in the afternoon to Margate, where they were met by members frem the following provincial corps: Northampton, vVellingborough, Potteries, Winsford, Dudley, Aylesbur y, Margate, Ramsgate, and Faversham. They mustered altogether about ISO under the cltarge of Chief Superintendent Church Brasier, and marched from the station accompanied by the Band of the Cinque Ports Artillery Volunteers to the Camp, where they were met by a number of ladies of the Nursing Divisions, The Camp was opened by the Chief Superintendent, who said that he had hope(l to have had present Lord Amherst ~o f Hackney, but unfortunately his Lordship was unable to be there. MI'. Easterbrook, the Secretary of the Order of St. John, had also been applied to, for he was sure that every member of the Brigade would have been most pleased to welcome him, but unfortunately he also was not able to come, He then declared the Camp open, saying how pleased he was to see so many members presen t, and hoped that they all would be benefited by the instruction, and also be improved in health by the outing. Vve noticed the follov.dng officers were present: Chief Superintendents Perry (No rthampton) , \¥oolston (Wellingborough), Superintendents Morgan (Quartermaster), Palmer (Cyclist), Goodwin, Briscoe, Chilling-

[AUGUST,

di94.

worth, Matthews (Ramsgate), Heathcote (\Vinsforu), Cartledge (Potteries), Long ley (Aylesbury), &c.; Surgeons Tunstall , Howard, Warwick, Jones, and Round. On the Sunday, as is customary, a Church Parade was held at 10.30, the whole force marching to St. james's Church, \Vestg'ate, accompanied by members of the Margate and \Ve!>tgate Fire Brigades, where an appropriate sermon was preached by the Rev. J. Collis. During the afternoon many friends visited the Camp, the weather proving most delightful. MONDAY.-The rez'ezilrf sounded at 5 a.m. Being about 20 minutes' walk from Margate beach there wa'S a bathing parade at 5.30 each morning, which was highly a ppreciated by the men. Drill began at I I.30, and was continned until the mid-day m eal. In the afternoon those not required for duty were allowe 1 out. and thoroughly enjoyed themselves in Margate and the surrounding country. Officers' m ess at 7.0, folluwed by a Guard moun1 ing at 9 p.m., brought the day to a close. This may be taken as a sample ot what was done each day in camp. In the evening a little excitement was caused by the officel- of the day informing the Chief that two prisoners were captured. It appeared that tW() strangers were found in Camp, who were unwilling to explain the reason of their presence, but after due inquiry th ey were released. On Wednesday the Mayor of 11argate, the Captains of the Margate and 'vVestgate Fire Brigades, and Mr. Padley, JP., of Dent-de-Leon, were invited to mess by the officers. The Mayor, however, unfortunately was unable to be present. The healths of the guests were drunk with musical honours, and suitably responded to. Mr. Padley in returning thanks deeply regretted his inability to ask the Brigade again to use his field on account of his leaving the farm in the course of next year. Thursday, however, was the gala day, being the one on which the different Ambulance and Athletic Competitions were decided. The weather in th e morning and early in the afternoon was most unfortunate, and no doubt kept away a great many visitors. It cleared up in the course of the afternoon, and the Camp was largely patronised by a number of visitors, who were greatly interested in the proceedings, most of them apparently having friends in camp. The band of the Cinque Ports Rifle Volunteers performed a capital selection of music. The competition for the Brigade Challenge Cup, offered by A, Symons-Eccles, Esq., and open to all corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, was WOII by St. John's Gate Division, No. I. This team under Supt. Goodwin can be complimented upon the smartness and efficiency of its work. The Stretcher Detachment Competition, in which each detachment is required to double out from a given point, to treat an apparently wounded man, according to a label attached to his clothing, place him on a stretcher and carry him to the base hospital, was won by the King Edward Institute Division (Sergeant Kimber). The Single M8n Carrying Competition was won by Sergt. Phillips (St. John'S Gate TJivi::.ion). The Turn-out Competition for the smartest detachment on th e ground, in which the competitors a re to divest themselves of all their accoutrements, tunic and cap, to lie down on g round with tunic as pillow, and, at the bugle sounEiing, to rise, dress, close stretcher, take up position at saluting post, was won by Great Northern

AUGUST,

J 894.J

FIRST

RailwClY Division, under Sergt. Phillips of St. John's Gate Division. The Athletic Contests were:100 Yards Heavy Marc~1ing Order with sloped stretcher. Ist, Sergt. Phillips; 2nd, Private C. Bennett. Quarter Mile Flat Race. I st, Private Hughman; 2nd, Sergt. Nix. Ist, Sergt. Phillips; 2nd, Private Jockey Race. ·Williamson. I st, Privates Goodwin and Three legged Race. Chillingworth, and Staff-Sergt. Betteridge; 2nd, Supt. Birnbaum, Tug of War. Ist, L.C.C, Police team. This competition was very exciting, and created a considerable amount of interest amongst the members of the Brigade and spectators present. Bandaging Competition for Sisters attached to the BriO'ade was won by l\Iiss Silver Smith, Miss Mann hei~g' seconcI. Both th ese Sisters belonged to the Child"en's Home Kursing Division. The specimens of banrlaging exhibited by all the Sisters in the competi· tion (about [4 ) were very good and were a credit to their teachers. It seemed a difficult matter to decide as to the winners, and it is to be hoped that those ladies unsuccessful this time will be more fortunate in the next conte~t. The first prize was given by Hon, Surgeons Jones and Howard, and the second by Hon. Surgeon Warwick. At the conclusion of the sports the prizes were presented to the winners, anrl afterwards a display of Fire Brigade Drill was given by the Margate and Westgate Fire Brigades. This was exceedingly interesting, and showed in what a short sp:lce of time the members could turn out and get to work after the alarm was given. LECTVRES.- The following lectu res were given during the week to the members and Sisters of the Brigade, and were attentively listen ed to by a highly appreciative audience. On" Insensibilities," by Hon. Surge0n Howard; "Hcemorrhage and its Treatment," by Hon. Surgeon Warwick; "Fractures," by Hon. Surgeon Jones; and Antiseptics, by Hon. Surgeon Tunstall. On Thursday there was a conference held of all the officers and hon. surgeons, presided over by the Chief Superintendent, and the outcome of it was that a committee was formed consisting of the chief officers and surgeons of all corps belonging to the Brigade, for the purpo e of discussing matters concerning the Brigade, and enabling prm'incial nlembers to be more in tOllch with head quarters. Hon. Surgeon F. vVarwick accepted the post of Hon. Sec., and the first meeting was to be called at an early date. This year's Camp has been the most successrul that has yet been held. The 11llmber of officers and men attending shows a considerable increase on former years, though it was anticipated there would baye been a ITlUch larger number, but there is the difficulty (as there always will be) of selecting a place convenient for members in the middle and north of England, and also a time of the year suitable to the members of the yarious corps. The ambulance duty and drill that has been gone through should proye most beneficial, and help to keep the Brigade up to its present high state of efficiency. The great suecess of the Camp arrangements and the thanks of everybody concerned are due to Quartermaster Morgan and his staff, who must have worked like horses." yVe also ·must not forget the culinary department that was l(

AID.

so well arranged by Staff-Sergeant Reid (who still maintains that he is an Irishman). ACCIDE:'>T AT CA:\fP.-It is our painful duty to record a serious accident that happened on Saturday afternoon. It seems that whilst a man was loading a yan with chairs he fell off between the horse and tbe "an, bringing down some chairs \yith him, frightening the horse and starting him off at a gallop. PriYate F. Friend, of 1'\0. 2 Di\'ision, St. John's Gate, seeing what had happened and that the c;l.rman's life was in danger, rushed forward to stop the horse, which he succeeded in doing momentarily, allowing the carman time to recoyer himself, but Friend unfortunately stumbled oyer the guy ropes of one of the tents, fell down, and the back "'heel of the "an passed over the lower part of the tru 11k. He was i mmediatel y picked up and examined, and found to be suffering from serious internal injury, the exact nature of which could not be determined. He was taken in the ambulance van to the Cottage Hospi tal at 1vf argate, where. he was thoroughly examined by Hon. Surgeon ,\Vanvlck, but as he could not be seen b\' the Senior Surgeon of the H ospi tal for so me hour:;, it- was c1ecic1.;d to remo\'e him to towll, and the Chief Superintendent had him con "eyed to his own apartments at '\ Vestgate, where he was carefully nursed by Lady Supt. Brasier of St. John's Gate Nursing Diyision. He stayed tbere until Monday, when he was conveyed to the Great Torthern Hospital in the Holloway H.oad. \Ve are pleased to say that at the time of going to press Pri\'ate Friend is progressing favourably. The officers of the Brigade desire to express their thanks to Dr. E. 'White of :'Iargate for his kindness in co:ning o\'er from town for consultation with Hon. Sur~eon '\Yarwick . Dr. \Vhite was an Ambulance Surgeon in the early days of the movement and his sympathies are still as warm as eyer.

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l~t'obinrial @o l'P~. AVU:SBURY.--A meeting has beeD. held at the Printing Works Institute, Mr. F. Longley in the chair, f0r the purpose of consid~ring the advisability of re·constructing the A),lesbury CorfJs. It haVing been decided that the Corps should be re·constructed, the following officers were elected: Superintendent, Mr. F. LOllg'ey; First Officer, ?lIr. J. F. Roche; Second Officer, Mr. H iggins; Treasurer, M r. J uh n Williams; Secretary, P.S. G. E. Thomas; Inspector of Stores, ~1r. D. James It was also resolved to send out circulars appealiD.g for subscriptions, for the purpose of purchasing a tent and appliances, in order that members of the Corps might be in attendance in uniform at ~hows, races, sports, &c., to alteml to any injury tbt may be sustained I;y any person on the ground. BRENTWOOD -On 17 July. the Brentwood Di"ision (, Great Fasttrn Raih\'ay Corps" of the St John Ambulance Brigade was ior111ed. Dr. I-.lansell was appointed hon. surgeon. 11r. A. ]. Baker, Ht uflicer. COLCllESTER.-On the 19th ult the members of the Colches~er division of the Great Eastern Hail\\'ay cops of the above Brigade, gav.;! an interesting display in ambulance wor:': at the Ste:l1l1 Laund !y. The ~I ay or (!Ill'. Henry Go Jdy) occupied the chair, and he was ,upporte<l by Ihe I-.1ayoress, Dr. ]. Bedel', and 1\11'. Le l:ood. The method of treatment oj the follow ing was de moustrated: -Fractured ~kull and fore~ttm, fractu red upper :lrl11 :lnd crmhed fuot, fractured ribs and ja\\', fractured lebs, ::ttterial bleeding, stretcher :lnd lillcr dlilJ, ,hlee men supposed to be suffocated treated Ilith artificial respiration, and CO/11pound fracture of leo-s, improvised work. The Mayor then presented to 11r. J. Bellchnmbers, chairman of the div is:o n, an electro p:ate(\ c.lke dish for selvices rendered t ,) th e corps in coaching twenty new members, who were examined ill April last at St. Botolph 's, and to whom the Mayoress n ow distributed certificates. Votes?[ thanks to the cha:rman and visitors brought ;t most pleasant entertalumeut tu a conclusion. [For filrlh~r PfO'villcia/ R.Jorts S:!i! p. I I

FIRST A. I D.

Volunteer ~!nUUlall(e ~DaHcnge

~fiidb.

N th e 28th Jul y the contest took pl a ce at the vVe lO ling ton Ba rrack s fo r th e S hie ld, wh ich w as p r esente d by the V olu ntee r 2\led ical As soci ati o n to be co mp eted for an nu a lly b y stl-e tcher d etach m en ts be lon gi ng to any V olun teer batt a li o n or Y eoman ry Reg ime nt. Tb e va lu e of the S hi eld is 200 gu inea s, and It is a spl e ndid specimen of silver-p la te _ T he s ubjec ts for ~omp e tition we re q uestio ns in first a id, anatomy _ ph ysiol ogy, ba nd ag in g , stn: tche r d r ill , a nd w agon dri ll. Twe n ty-th r ee teams en ten :d, com ing from i-hE! metropfjl is a nd the p rov inces. T he j udge s w e re, D rill: S urge o n-r-. lajo r Sir Jam es Cl ark , Bart., A.M.S .; ..:J urgeo n-C aptain J. E. Squire , V ,M S.C, Anat omy and }'hyt.i ology: Surgeon-Maj or ] !. F. Stokes, London Rifl e Bri gad e; Surgeon. Capta in Juli a n H ii yes , A djutant, V.11.S.C. I'irst Aid: SurgeonM ajor \V. Culver J a mes, H .A.C.; Surgeon -Captain R. R. Sl emall , Artists' R.V. l3 andaging: Surgeon1Iajor VV. Collingridg-e, l\lilitia I\I edi cal Sta ff Corps; Surgeon. Captain V. Matthews, V.M.S.C. The contest must have been ve ry cl ose, for in th e stretcher a nd wagon drill the re were only two or thre e tea ms that were cecidedly weak, th e re m a iml e r sho'vving gre a t proficiency. \Ve can give no opinion as to the other parts of the cont e st, as only the offidals were allowed t o witness th e m. 1 he Sh iel d wa s a ward ed to t he 12th r.liddle sex (Civil S e rvi ce ) Rifl e s , with 331 m a rks out of 400 , 1st Bu cks wa s second with 324, and 2nd V. B. Liverpool was 3rd with 305. The following is a list of the other teams in orde r of merit: 3rd V. B. Hampshire Regiment, 15t Notts (Rob in Ho od ) R. V., 2nd V.B. Royal Fusiliers. nnd Middles ex R.V., 24th Middlesex Post Office R .V., 2nd V.B. East Surrey Regiment, 1st Sussex Volunte er Artillery, 1st 11idd lesex Volunteer R. E., I st Wiltshire R.V., 1st V.B. Northampton Regiment, 1st V.B. Royal ,;Varwick Regiment, 2nd V.B. Hampshire Regiment, 2nd V .B. StaffDrdshire Regiment, 5th l\fiddlesex R.V., 1st V.B. Somerset, L.I., 4th 1Iiddlesex R.V., 1St V.B. Suffolk R egiment, 1St V.B. \Vorcester R eg iment, 2 nd V.B. Middlesex Regiment, 1st V .B. l.eicester R egiment. L ast year th e 1st V.B . Royal ,Varwick headed th e Ii s t. The winning team was in stru c tE.d by Surg e onLieutenant II. Dickson, M.B., C,S.R.V. ---:0:---

Qra~t

rLonb'on 1] of untr£t' 13ngabe 33rarer ~ompan!1.

the r ecent Camp of th e East. L ondon V o lunteer B ri gade at A ldel shot the following medical arr;tngements \';ere made by B rigade Surgeon Lieut. Col. O . :-'1. W hite . A Field Hospita l, comprising a fully-equipped tortoise tent a nd wagon , was proyided, and \\'as in charge of the East LO!1don V olunteer Brigade Bearer Company, wit h tbe followiug establishment:-T wo medical officers, yiz., S l'rg. Capt. Dallas Pmtt, :\I. D. and Surg. Li eut. F. J . \\'arwiLk, M.B. Seven non -commissioned officcrs, 53 P rivates, and I Bugler. Surg. Lieuts. T. II. ])irksoll, ::\[,13., ISth tl l idLlleEex R.ifle \ 'ollillteers, and R. S. O . Dudfiekl, ~6th i\iiJJbcx (Cyclisb) Rille \ 'otunteers, were attached to the Bearer Company for the week for duty. The Bearer Company was encamped with tbe 1st 10'oYer Hamlets Rifle Yolunteers at Ruslnnoor Hill, on grouud adjacem La the Field ~o~pital, the follo\\'i,ng non -commissioned officers and privates reing aetaJiedfor duty :-l'oLi Sergeants C 1 'Vard-master, 1 Steward, 2·with Bearer Company); fuur Corpor:tls (1 stole keeper to assist the quarterma~.ter Sergeant, 1 in chal ge of DI essing Station, 2 to elf-Sist 111 Camp duties); Privates and r emain ing nOll-commissioned officers (4 ' 'lard Orderlies, I Clel k , 2 ilfcsseng(;rs, Bearers remain d er). Su rg. Capt. Da llas P rall, M .D., had charge o f the Field H ospita l Surg. Li el:t. F . J . W ar wi lk 1 ;,\1.13. 1-(:;ng il; command .."f the Bcare~ Co mpa n y .

FIRST

AUGUST,

Du ring t he wcek wh ile a ll s li g ht case5 were ;tttended to by t he R eO' imental ;' l edical Officers, on:. 50 cases or a more or less serious nat~'e were treateJ:<t the Field B05pital. T he East London \ 'oluntcer Drig,u.i.e i5 p:Hticlilarly fortu!11te in being the only 21 [etropolilan Volunteer Brig".de which possesses a fu llyelll ipped and. ilell-tr"ined Bearer Camp,lny, ;t n d gre,lt credit is due ?.cth to the Brig'lde Surgeon and to Col. ' Vilde comm;ll1ding the 1st l ower II amlets (to w1.lOm the Bealer Company is attached) for the high state of efficienL'y to which. this "ery n8c'~5s.Hy un it of a Y olunteer Brigade h;ls been brought.

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A correspondent writes :This Compan y has been do ing some good work w ith the brigade during its week's sojourn ;tt Yar mouth, where it pre5en.ted a respectable complement of about So men, ,,,ho ,,;ere under the command of Surgeol~ ::\fajor F ree r. seconded by Surgeon -:\ Jajar Bradsha II'- Smi th ~, nd Surgeol!Li euten:1l1t ' Vhitcombe, with Sergeant Bromwich as act ing Serge;]nt Major. T he Comp'l Il Y was i'ery assi d u01 IS in its practice, most o f the m ~n be ing rather n ew to th e work , and we h ope t.h e officel'3 were sati5fied with th e re lilt of the week's training. But it appe"rs LllaL th e genera l organ izat ion of ,he :' Iedica l Department suffered somewh:lt from an indiscrim ina tc intermingl ing of units, and from tbe Be;]rer Co:np1ily not be ing encamped seFlI'atelr, as it should ha\'cbec'l. 1t "cell, thaI. lh~,e were two 13rigad~ ll ospit:lls (unic5 for which t.here i; 110 authorilj-, a lthough, for convenience, one ;5 of Len ar:allg-ed for in p~:lce of sick parades for eJch separate regiment) neccssitating one medical officer in cha rge, and one orderly meJica l officer on duty d'lily by roster. In add it ion, eae~ reO' iment had its sick parades three times Jai ly, t he medica l officers responsible for these being those att,lched to the Uearer Com pa ny, w bich usu:tll y paraded about the same timc. lIe~lce t h e Compa ny officers were engaged in mak ing out S ick Reports, and a tte ndi ng to pJtien t s when they should have been on parade, t he ComlXIl1Y h :l\'ing consequen lly to be h u rriedly furmed up and inspected, aud then even very possibly alriving bte at tile Brig'lde p,ll'ade grou!ld. Unti l a separate establishment is granted for Brigade Bearer Comp1nies there ,,,ill alw,ty5 be some difficulty in getting them to work s:l1::Jothly, but, undJu!:>ted ly much could be dune by encamping Jnd mtioning t hem as a sepa rate company, for ,\ hen any alterat ion in Br igade orders i,; made, as is frequently the case, to warn lh:! men of such alteratio n is like t.he proyerbia l n eedle and the bottle of hay. \\'ha t is wanted, h o wel'er, to make th e Brigade Med ica l Organizat io n sat isfa ctory, is a Be:trer Company and a half Field IIospita l, with fu ll e qui pment· ;tnd pa r SO.'llut en t irely separa te from the Regimenta l E stabl ishments. B ut tlut would C05t money . Ay, there 's the rub ! - - - - - : 0: - - - - -

3rd V.n. ESSEX REG L\ rE~T. H on. Colon el, Baron Von P awel Rammingen , K.C. B. L ieut.-Colone l \V. U. Atherton, Com m anding. F r iday , Alig USt 24th.-Ambu lance class an d cyclist section a l S. VOLUNTEER AM B U LA~CE SC H OO L O F Il\ S TRU C Tl O 0l'. President: M ajor i\ ndrew :\faclure , late L. S .R .V. T h e next class fo r the t raining of stre tcher bearers of uni ts will be h eld at t h e h eadquart ers of t. he London R ifle Brigade, B unh ill R ow, Fi nsbury, E. C ., by p ermission of L ieut.-Col. Cholomonde ly, Commanding the London Rifle Br igade, commencing at 7.30 p.m ., on :v[onday, October 1st. Application forms can be obtained of Surgeon-Capta in R . R. Sle man, Artists' R .V., 7, St. B en'et Place , Gracechll1'ch Street, E .C., or Colou r-Sergeant C . J. Do;mer, London Scottish R,V., Fa irfield, W ill esden P a rk, N.W .-l3y OJ'der, II . F. Stokes, SLlrgeon-Maj or Ai\ I. R. , Senior Medica l Officer I nstructor. AM[JI'LA:\CE WORK.-On July 26th the n.nnllal exhibition of the Chudleigh COLtage Garden Society was held in a ficld close to Chudleigh Rocks. I n the e l'ening the Ambulance and Field Stn:tche!' Bearer Company, under the direction of SurgeOl~-C;tptain C. L. Cunningham, ga l'e an excellent exh ibition in which they sholl'ed that they had fuily ,wailed themselves of t.he lessons in ambulance ' vork received from their director. A sham fight was organised betll'een a supposed p:1rtyof Arabs an d a compan y of E ng inee rs ; t he ,vo un ded 'were brou gh t o ut of a ctioll , and were p rom ptly atten d ed to wi t h all prope r detail. T he men in t he course of the sha m fig ht a va il ed th emselves for signa ll ing pu rposes of a n ingen iou s met hod of signalli ng inven tecl by S urgeon-Captai n C un ni ngham fo r use in the So uda n ca mpa ig n. CHUDLEIGH .-EXHlUlTfO:-; OF

motes

@ur lPortrait FRAKCIS D:;:-; CAN', THE ,-t.TE COL.

AID. B y "TOUR~ I QUE T ."

C.B., R.A., M.P., &c.

T \Vill} \\' e are sure , m ee t with th e unanimous approval of O'Jr r e ade rs, that we should pre s ~ nt, a s the fir st

I) OCtr3.l t In O ~lr Gall e ry, th a t of the late C. olonel Dun can.

F e w me n hav e e ve r done so mu ch fo r the cause o f am b u · / la n ce . and it ,/ w a s mainl y d ue ...• t o h is e ne r gy a nd sti rrin g e lo q ue nce th a t fir st a id w o rk is no w r t> pre se nte din almo st e ve ry part e f the v\' o rld , a practi ca l a nd livin(J' m o nuCo • m ent to LIS mem o r y a!. l o n~ as sufie l- ing humanity exi sts. As Di, re ctor of th e Am bul a nceD c p a rtl1l e nt o f the O rde r o f St. J :)h n o t J e ru sale m, Co l on el Dunca n " 'as o ne o f th e foun de rs of the St. J ohn Am b ulan ce A ~ s ocia ti o n , ~nd in its earli es t da ys it w a s hi s ea rn es t an d touch In g e loque nce th a t urought th e m ove m e nt home to. th e. hearts o f th e m e n and wom e n of En g l a nd. \iV lth hIm p r o ldzlztate /zolllllwm , w a s som ethin g m ore th a n the. motto . o f a o-r a nd old Ord er , it had a ste rn r ealtty, whI c h in spire d him to g o a bout am o ng his fellows and end eavour to lea d th e m to do w ha t th ey coul d to learn how to rel ie ve and su cco ur those who mig ht be injured, not only on th e battl efi el d o f war, but in the eve ry day b a ttl e of li fe . A s a so ldier a nd a schola r Col onel Dun ca n a t t;)i ned h igh cli ~ tin c ti o n , an d in r ec og nition of th e s pl c nLlid servi ces to his co untry in th e ?oud a n an d el sew h cr e h e w as c reated b y IllS Sove reI g n a C.omp a n io n of the Bath , a nd the re is n o dou b t h a d he lIved th a t hi o h e r honours w oul d have undoubtedly fall e n t o his lOt.'" H e g ra d ua ted at the Univ ersity cf Ab e rd e en, whi ch s ub seq ue ntly con fe rred upon him. th.e de g r ees of LL.D., and D .C.L., I7 rJllOrtS ca ltSrl / SImIlar ~ eg r~es \"€'Ie also confe rre d upon him by the Umverslty of l' urr Cl n- . I'.s a li te r a ry ma n, "The History of th e Royal Artili e ry " is. p e rhaps, one of his b ~ st "\'orks , and , amon ,::,o" his old com r a d es in th e .R ,.A., wd I ever se rv e to k ee p his m emo r y g reen , but It IS more as a H os pita ll e r of St. J ohn , or an amblt!(wczer, t hat Colonel Dun ca n a p peals to the h earts cf " Firs t Aid " r e- a Ge rs an d th e write r o f this brief m e moir r eg r e ts th a t the' sp ace a t hi s command is s o sm a ll , a nd th at his r e n is ali t oo wca k t o g ive exp ression to th e fee li ngs of those who, kno win g Colo r e l D uncan . h a d lea rn ed .t o lov e him for hi s k in d ly ee !li a l ;nature, a n d sy mp athy ,,\'ilh human g rid an d ~ u f1E' r irg,

SHIPMASTER 'S SOCIKl Y.-Captaill A. G . F roud, R.~.R., Secretary, i s m ost ill defa ti gable an d persevering in h is efforts to impart ambulance kn owledge a mo ngst cap tain s, mates, and a ll sea faring men. It may n ot be g en era lly k n own t h a~ i hc fir$ t a id cer tificate can be en dorsed Qn a master 's cert ifica t e.

THE Ambulance Service, or that part of it composed of t.he St. John Ambu lance Drigade, has be~n fairly well occupied these bst six weeks . A good number turned Ollt for the opening of t.he To'xcr 13riJ;sc, b_lt fortllnately no serious case engaged their attention.

THE Brigade has had its annual holiday iiI camp, this year at Westg;tte-on-Sea. f hear that the ofi1cer.3 had a splendid time of it, especi:tlly

at .:\Iargate.

The nurses also enjoyed themsel\-es.

THE" photo fiend" though small in stature, was largely in evidence at the Camp. #-

~i.. ~'i-

THE Barn D.l1lee was ;t gre.lt success. but I\'hy Sh"mus O'Br ien. I beg his p:trdon, Robin Reid, ,\.lntc.1 to i'ltroJ~lce steeple chao;ing o,-er the dJ:1irs is still a Illyolery to me.

.,< ';.' ;!-

IT is not a fact, r am author itatively informed, that" the Chief" has accepted a n engagement with Lord George San~er, although in th::tt colon ia l r ig of h i" and with his mauellous horse he would I am sure prove a draw . There's money in it, as the Yankees say. ';.'

;~ ;~

T HE weather was unfortunate on the day of the Sports. Some of the CO:lte5ts were fought O:lt in the pour ing rain, but the sun came o:.rt bt~r on, and then the deaund for tea in some of the officer's tent3 was gt'eat. The ladies were most useful, both for making tel and cheering up the quol/dam hachelors. -:.:.

THE Br igade Ch::tllenge Cup was again ,~·o.n by the St. J ohn's yate Division, but 1 U!lJerstanJ th::tt the C'J1.lpNllIO'1 W:lS \'ery cl03e, :--;orth L o.d();l Rlilw.IY nnking a Ycry goal second.

;;.,;y..*' THE accident that happen~d to Private Friend was very s.erious, and might have been attended wit!1 fat:tl result~. I t see:l1.s that I~ tryll1g to rescue the driver of the \',1l1 from a perIlous pOSltLOn, OlVlng to the horse bolting, he himself fell over some rop~s and the whe~ls of the van p.ls5ed ol'er him. It is unfortul1::tte tn'lt there w:ts some misunderstand ing:ts regards hi5 admis3ion into the :\ltrglte CQtt::tg~ ~03pital, which h:ts led to some COlTC3pollde:lc!:! IiI th~ local p:tp~r, and 111 consequen.c.:! an inquiry i5 to be held. .rerha~3 the Committee nn)' be a~le to dense some method by whIch a sll1lIlar InCident nny not occur ;tgam. P OOR Fr iend, he proved a frien'! in n~d t? th1t Clrm1.11 w:lOse only g"atitllcb was expressed in 10uJ IamentatIo:ls for that broken ch air.

-l:-_,.';:' '

contest for the Challenge Shield of t'le \'olllllte~r ::\ r eJic~11 _'\ssociatio:1 a.lthough not p:ttronileJ much by the p-lblic (b:!;n~ pe.rnaps too techn ical) was of gre.lt inte;'e3t to all c.)nc~.nej an.! ~helr fnend3 . The marks obLaineJ by the winning team (the CI\'II Serl'lc:!) were : Drill, 75 ; first aid, 86; anatomy an.! p!l)'siology, 100; b,tnJ;l~ing, 7S · The hiO'hest points obta ined for drill by any te~lm were 9'), whlc 1 mark was re~ched by 211J. Lil'crp)ol anJ lSt Xotts o~lly. Twu te:tl1l5 managed to score nothing for drill. TUE

.;:. 7;'.~

THERE is no doubt that contests of this kind are of the greatest service in helping to keep up the men's knowledge, and, as Sir J~mes Clark said, eyery man in the ranks o:lght to be 1l1structed, so that tf he were wounded, he ~\'ould know th.lt hiS comrade could attend to hIm. ..;.~

~." .~

i\ CORRESl'O:-;DE~T wants to kl10.1' holl' it is that the Yolunteer l\l eJica l Staff Corps did not comp~te for th~ CI1:lll.engc Shield, and expresses regl-eL t.ha t the p remier corps 111 the \ \)llll1te::r ..\ mblllanc~ Sen' ice was not represented ,

FIRST

AID.

THE London Division of the V.M.S.C., as I know, has in its ranks some of t~e smartest men wh.o ever h~ndle.d a stretcher) so that I myse lf was surpnsed not to find their corps 111 enden ce.

*'#-*'

Anglian Daily News .

~rERTON.-Abot~t I I. 30 ~n Tu ~sday even ing , a \\'oman liying in the B_el ckley Road, whIle crossmg HIgh Street, Merton, <it the corner of .i\ o.rman R oad, was run O\'er by a cycl ist. Several people ran to hcr aSSistan ce, and a gentleman who had been in the Army Hospi tal Corps fortunately passing at the time, examined the lady, and found that hel~ ankle ,:'as badly spra ined, if not fractured in the small bones. \'\' ith the assistance of 1\1r. A . Lane, n member of the Radical Club Ambulance Class, a four-handed sea t was irnprol'ised and the woman carried to her hor:n e , wh~re she was afterwards su rgi cally treated, and is progressing satIsfactorIly.

,\s is usual, the regulatiuns anent the horsing of the Ambubnce \V:a~?n were of the invariable service type. The idea of having to requIsition ~ orses twenty-four hO~lrs before requiring them was absurd, considering the medical officer 111 cha rge did not at times O'et his orders unti l a few hours before parading. M ore red tape. b #

oJ(. ~

On! .for n littl.e of that elastic red that .\Jnjor Andrew is so constantly ndl·ocatll1g. It IS n ot ns though the horses had been stnbled miles nll·ny.

Yo " might h a ve a worse Ambulan ce \-ragon tha n a ginger beer cart, though, doctor. -fr. -1...' ;;

PEOPL', 11'::0 attempt to commit suicide do no t seem to ha I'e a pleas::tnt. time of it if an ambulance pupil happens to be handy. I see 1:1 a d.ldy paper that a ):ollng man took some oxalic nciJ, and was prolllptly treated by a policeman \\ ho mad e him swallow a mixture of whiting and oi l. . I Ie rel'o"~red! \\'ould-be suicides should always take C.lre t?at there IS n obody In the neighbourh ood with a know'edCTe of first ald. '"

A lady ~old me the other day that during a rough passage from Doulogne 111 La Afarglul'lle, a good many people, who were sop.lewhat dIs t urbed ~nd. ~ncomfo rt..1.ble from the rolling of the boat were anXiou sly 1nqulrlng for" first aid" a ssistance. I should like t~ hear some of my readers' ideas as to what this ought to be.

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jfirat Bib lRecorb. e

[ 11 iJ/tend pliblishiJlg ~ rCC01'd .from month to month of au caus which come 10 0111' 1I0lice, 111 which First Aid l'end('red by Ambulallrc pl<pils has beell .of 7!aluable assistance. 1Ve ask 0/.11' !'eadO's /0 help us by sending par/lClila]'s of all Slich cases. ] CA:VIP.-Paniculars in another column. HAM PSTEATl. - Tbe value of "First Aid. "-Durina the hearina of a case in which ~If,ed White, 27, labourer, ofSo;lthall 1"'errace New~end \"as ch~rged With atle~lpting to commit suicide, it tr anspired' that whe ~ the pollce w.ere c~llcd III to him he adm itt.c:d hav!n.g ta k en a p ennyworth oX,allc aCid fO l th e purpose of cOU1mltt~ng SUICide, owing to family t: , u,b es. Both the const~bles hold the tlt. J ohn A mbulance Association s certificate. of efficI.e~cy in .. first. aid ; ' . and h aving promptly pl?cured so:ne oIl and whiling from ~ nelghLounng shop th ey made a Ullxture of It nnd compelled the pl'lsone r to swallow it. The desired ( fTeet was ploduced, and, under Dr . W . Boulting's ad vice, \ Vhite was then removed to the mfirmary.- Remanded. -Dai{y Tel/graph .

, KETTERI"-lC.-On 20t? February last, a young man named Lewis Coe, ag~d 19, employed 111 one of the .numerous shoe factories, while alte:nptll1.g to put a belt on some sha ftll1g when the machinery was in motIOn, \~a s ca ught by the revolvll1g belt and ca rried twice round the sha ft. l'ortuna tely [our members of the Ambulance Corps were worklI1g 111 the same roo m. They immediately rendered all necessary a id to the poor fellow. who had s~sta ined fra ct ures of the left thigh and left upper arm, ~n~ a bad sp ra 1l1 of the ngh.t kn ee .. They .then conveyed hl111.tO the ~ o l thampton Infirmary by t rall1 (19 miles), With a minimum o f Jiscomfort, and ,I:ere warmly commen ded by the medical sLaff. The man returned home 111 a lI'agonette on 5th May, and started work a ain on 3rd June. g L,r' ICESTI£R ' :-,On July 30th a boy fell from a stile at ~'igston , and blOke IllS leg. 1 \10 members uf the Ambulance COIpS rendel' d t:. t 'd d dI. . e 'liS <:1 an remove 11111 to Le ;cester Infirmary .- In the middle of the mcnth two members of t~)e c).cling divisio n came across a poor fellow ",:ho had fallen from hIs. bIcycle and sustain~d serious injUl'ies. 1 .hey gave the necessalY nSSlstance and removed hlln most carefully t bls home. 0 L EISTO" .- ~n :"T e?ncscay morning a labou rer nameLi Edmund B . Watson was asslstlllg III the removal of some bo iler plates a t Leiston Works, when the plates overbalanced and fell upon him, causing a

ST . J~m, :S "-OOD.-On Thursday, July 5th, at a building j ob in St. John s \\ ood, a plum her fell backwards in a h ole which had been dug for a drain to be laid. in. In fall.ing he caught the palm of hi s hand on a broken drall1-plpe, and cut lt badly. lie wa s losing a great d~~tl of blood from the cut, "hen the man in cha rge of the job went to !llm and bound the. arn.l In the orthodox manner, in serting a small stone I~ the bandage, wl;l ch 1llstantly :t,opped the bleeding. The poor fellow \Iem to St. .\lary s lJ os pna1. 1 hey told hllll he had been properly treated by a person \lh o knell' huw to rend er first aid. Thi s man is a member ?f the Bry.l1lHon. Cillh, and ha s Leen throllg h a ser ies of classes. 1 he \~'ot ll1d has qUite healed, and the man got his disch.,rge from lhe hospital on the I6th 01 )1111' and is :\Cl'ain at \lurk -C//iO

Jl'orld.

....

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:thnbulnllce 1Re\)iew at 'fAewcaatIc. The Secon d Annual Reyiew representative of the counties of 'ol thumberland an.d Durham, was held on Saturday afternoon the 215t :dt, under the auspl~es of the St. John Ambulance Associat:on, in the TOWll ~Ioor Recreation Ground, :\'ewcastle. Those takina part in t he review n.umbered ~bout 400, an~ were. divided into eigh't companies fr~ m yaiIOU S dlstncts, representmg chiefly the minina localities the r<l1lway, and th~ I'oluntee r. life sav in,g brigade from "'Shields. 'rhey gathered at the .Central StatIOn at 2 0 clock, and accompan ied by t\\O ban.ds .marched 111 pro.cesslOn lo the Recreation Ground, and were drawn up InsIde th~ large ring that had been used during the flower show. 1 he In sp~ctll1g Officer, .Col. E. T. Tha ck.eray, C.B., V.C., who was accomI:al11ed by Lhe me?lcal staff, \\'a~ ~'ecei l'ed I~· ith. a general salute, Imn:edla[el~ ploceeded .• 0 make a c~'lilcal examl11atlOn of the ran ks, paymg particular attentIOn to the I'anous forms of stretchers which the men had brought with them. The whole of the compani es formed four s marched past, and agam took up separate positions and proceeded with ~h~ fi.rst part of the programme, that of bandaging for I'arious supposed mJun.es. The second part of the programme was devoted to stretcher exercIse. Men apparently injured were ca rr ied to the hospital tent and attended to by the I\" urses of .the Association. Thi s part was cordIallyapplauded. But the most1l1terestll1g demonstration of the afternoon "a~ a sham colliery . explosi.on, wit h a method of a id ing the suffere~s m such. a case. 1 hiS ,vas given by the members of the Ellswick Colhenes ~~SOCIatlOn. An o.pen structure had ~een erected, repre sentll1g a pOI tlOn of the 1I'0rkmgs of a ml11e. 1 he upper strata were supP?sedto be removed, but the timber props and supports were left in pOSItIOn , thu s enabling the operati o~s undergroun d to be secn by the specta to rs. A galle~t 11':1 5 ShOWll II'1th thr~e se~ar~te working places in a thlee~f~et seam. I he deputy o.verman, 111 Ill S plt clothing, inspected the ': 01 kll1~ pla ce.s, and everythl11g bell1g sati sfacto ry, three hewers also 111 c.olliery attire, proceeded toward s their work with pick and shovel and whIle they were bu~y, some gunpowder was exploded. Some amusement. was h~re occaSIoned by the men not hearina the explosion g~1l1g on \1'lth thel.r work. But the word was given, and'" they fell to th~ g.lotlJ1cl, one suffenng fro;11 the effects of after-damp and the other tll'O [10m shoc~ ~nd burns. Then ca~le ~he rescue party, and with a sk ill ~nd exp,edltlOn worthy of ,all admlratlOn, dressed the injuries of the men 111 the" 01 klllgS" ~nd carned them to the open air. It was an extremel Illterestlllg exh1bltJon! and one could ~ ot held thinking that, in th~ event .of a co lli ery accld.ent really OCCUITlllg, such a training acquired by the ;nll1ers mu st be an Illcalculable benefit. The work of resc ue was carn~d ou~ m a seam o.n Iy three-feet high, but it was quite a mazing to see ~,O\~' mgenlOu sly the dIfficulties in such a confined place were overCOme 1 hiS concluded the demon~trations, and the men were then drawn up and ad.dlessed by the In spec tmg Officer who complimented them on their skIll.-Extract .from Newcastle vVuk{y Chronic//!. HOSPITAL SATURDAY FUND "FIRST Am" CLASS -1' h ' I Lt· I. h ,. • I g C ass, Ie . ec :" er to W llC was Dr. \ 'ranl'lck, has done very well at the exammatlOn. 7S atlend?d ~he whole course, S 7 of whom presented themselves at the exammatlOn, and SS passed, The Examiner was Dr, T unstall,

AUGUST ,

I894 .

fracture of his r ighlleg. First a id WaS r endered by m emhers of t he St Joh~ Ambulance Association.' and M r. E. D. Wallis, s urgeon, wa s qUIck ly lU attendance and speedtly reduced the fract ure, The inj ured man! who w.a s for many years in t he Coastguard Service, was conveyed to hiS home III Aldeburgh Road) nnd is progressing favouraLly.- East

BRAYo! Ea~t London '-olunleer Bearer Company. I am told that the lads footed It the wh ole way to Aldershot not one fallinO' out and they ,,'en t t hrough some good useful1\'ork, too, after their ;\rl~ \'al. ' ~~ 1(.

[ A UGUST,

FIRST

1894 .J [ Pr(lvi7lcial Reports continllt.! .froll! p. 7· ]

PROPOSED AMI1ULANCE !\]"V l h.W I N DONCASTI~R.-T he ambuce review annonnced some time ago to take place on the Doncaster ~~mmon this monLll has been indefinitely postponed. \Ve understa1td that the application for the use of the Doncaster Common fOI: the pu~of the St. John s of t he revi ew was n ')t. maLie from the headquarters pose HI icrade, but by the sllp~nntenclent of one of the Io.ca1 COl.ps 0 f D . CI'1)YWill try to an ange a I . "'e . It is lJrob:tble th at the Doncastcr Corps T . we un d e rst nn d , .'111 or cHly in .lh e £umrner. hlS, reVl'e \v [01' n ext s::>rin'T .~" . II ill I eceive 1 he headquarters' s:tnctlOn. - DOl/caste,. Ga:ut!c. Kl!;T rE R ltw.-D etach ed classes w erp. formed here eleven ye~rs a~o '. f ct they were th"! first in th e c 'JUn ty-bu ~ the movement sutfereo .for 1,1 ..t . I 'l' uwn .s "1 J"Ylnisation. As til<, r es~1 I to f an'III nuentt:l " e~ t l "g wa llt of O '" I . I . in October las~, a CenlJe was formed, nnd excellent :vor ~ 15 )Cln~ done. 116 eertifica(es and 27 medallions have been obtaJUed by ~1ndl' (hies iu connectlon with the Centre. An Am bu l a~ce Corps, C0I15ISl111g of ~bout 30 e:ficient members, m eets wee.kly for dnll under CllIef Super. ltcnde nt \\'o olston. Ambulance statIons hwe been arranged till oughIi , the town :l11d the committee of the \Vorking !lIen's Club have Gll< .-1I l . cently ," ot ed, the fund s for an A sh ford Wheele d L'Itter, WI. a l tl le ;~te,t improvements. The Preside nt of the Centre is J. Stock~Jllr.ll, Esq .. J,P., C hairman of the Lo c~ I.Boal~ . an,! the I.ocal H c'll Sec letan' is Mr . Charles \V. Lane, SoliCitor, h..ctterlll~, wilu l1 ~s been a£so· e;aied with th~ m ovement in LJlldon and Kettellng for q years. IIlJLL.-At the Yorkshire Agricultural Show held at Bcve d ey , n. prominen t p osi tion was £elected for the ambulance tent. l1r. James was in charge of the Ashford litter anri. material, and was in attendan~e nig'll and d 'y. whils~ several menlbers .of the. Uull COI'J)3 of tl~e St. h)hn Ambulan ce I3r'gade, supported hlln dUring the tl~ree da)s th e silow w;:!s open, and reSJ:u larly patrolled the f., round \\:llI c.h was forty acres in ex·ent. Several minor ace.dents oceun~d, prinCipally kIck~ by horses, or cuis from machinery, Lut a case of epilepsy flllally reqUired rem oval to the hos pi tal, NORTJ!A~[PT O~ A~[nULA"CE COR1'3.-Dnring the month of July the usual T nesday evening drills luv.! been held und er Chief Superintendent Ibyman and Dnll Superintendent 'fl cne ry, resp.ecti~ely, .at Norlhnlll fJt" n In[irmary. t\ small detachmen t tinder Chlef Supennten den t Perry left t'\orthamplon on til e 7th July to attend the Annull BIic;ade Cnmp at D en t,de- Leon , ""estgate-oll -Sea. '1 he Corps [o~'llled a? ambulanceyation on, the sholV graun 1. of t he No : thamptonsh! re Agllcultural ~o cle ty, July h th and 19t11. FIrst day llJ casualties' second day four minor aCCidents. On the 27t1l July Chief Duperi.nttndent Perry and Drill Superinten dent Trene lY visit e(~ Olney to lnspect a class recently form ed there. Twenty mem bel'S wp.re on para2e aud the. work was excellently do~e under command of U on. Sec. Endy. Chief Supel'lnte!,dent Perry III an el1tOuragi.g speech spoke highly?f the err:ciellcy. in banda~in,~ and aeneral wOik and Ufrred the formati on of a corps III Cowper s 1 0w n, ~'rolDi~ing ev~ry a<s;st~llce [r.om North amp ton. ConsideIin~ that other classes al e to be held next wmter there IS every h ope that there may be a ~trong a nd flourishing ~orps at Cowper's To\l'n . . Th ere have been a fair number of local transport cases dl1nng the month. On the 7th Transport Sergeant Beale drove the waggon over forty miles delivering his palient safely at Northnmpton Infirmary. WELLINr.1l0ROUGH CORPS -During July the COIpS has mad", tillee journeys with patient, to the NOlthampton Infirmary (te n miles dist;tnt) h)' waggon, and sev.:!1 a1 pal1enls have been sent to Infirmary by rail. The Headq uarter D ivisi c,ns and also some of the courtry Divi si,lIls me ou sy pre pa ling for the Ir, speclion on September [st. The lecl'llit drills lla ve been well attended every Mond;;y dUl'ing the last t\\'o months. An:i th e weekly Chief Onicer's p:trade has always a good musler on Thursday evenings. 'With legard to the Nursing Division of the Corps, Nurse Pickering (Queen's Nurse altached to the Corps) has been busy, twenty-oue cases being the average number on the books.

BRIGADE DUTY. The :\lelropolitan Corps h as paraded for Juty on the following occasions sin ce 30th Jun e : Opening of the Tower Bridge by their R?r::tl IIighnesses the P rince and Princess of 'Vales on June 30th. 1 here were 13 ambulance stations placed at various places a long the route the p rocession went, and at the Tower Bridge. There presented them selves for duty six surO'eons, with 20 nurses, 10 officer s, and about 60 men. The day wa~ cool, so there were very few cases of fainting. Altoge ther about 30 cases were treCited, none being of a ser iou s nature. Sail'alion Army Annual Festil'al at the Crystal P alace on July 2nd; 2 st retcher squads, with ::t staff sergean t, were sent. British lIome for In curab les. Fancy Fair on July 3rJ, 4th, and 5th; I stretcher squad in charge of Superintcndent Goodwin . Police F e te at Crystal Palace on July Sth; I stretcher sq uad in charge of a stafr sergeant, and a contingent of nurses from the Norwood Nur sing Division attended to the cases that occurred here. Royal Agricultural Show at Cambridge.-A detachment was sent down by the Metropol itan Corps, under charge of Superintendent Good\\'in , wiLh II'hol11 \\'ere Chief Superintendent "'oolston anJ

AID.

Superintendent Bri scoe . Surgeon-:,Iajor I~ litton and Dr. .\rnol.l~ Ingle were t h e doctors in charge . Some nllr~lllg slster~ also ~~\'e thell services. 66 cases were treated, three of whIch were \elY SCll0YS, anJ had to be remol'ed to the .\ddenbrooke TIospiL.1.J. During the 111l1e t~e station was opened it was visited by Lord and Lady Amher~t, tole Bursar of J esus College, II ugh Shield, Q.~., Lord Ra I'ens\\'onh, &c., .&c. Kext year the sholl' will be held at Darlll1gton, when the ~fet~opoiInn Corps will again hal'e the am bulance arra.ngements placed 111 their hands. f\UgUSt Bank Holiday. The Repo.rt IS not yet to hand. .' \Ve realet to announce that lIon. Surgeon :\lIlnes Hey ba.s leslgn~J the pOSition of Surgeon to the St. John's Gate :\ursing Dil'islOll. Q

- - - - - :0 :- - - -

11iatiOllflI jfire JJ3rigabe \llniotl. T til e Fire Brigl(l~ Ct'lllpetit'oll at. Ley to.n. 011 i\Tonday: ;\t1~.'I;t 6th (Ihnk lIo liday) S,)llle capItal drIlls 111 CI)I1Uectlol1 Il'tLI amb~l~llnce work Il'ere given . At t!le Alcle rshot Fire Bri~ade COll1p~tition. organised for the benefit of the Fire Brioade Accident Fund, a s?ecial feature in the prugramme was a series of';,mbulance comp et ilio ns. We are glad to note tInt the Uni on i s brill , in a allluuhnce work among firemen to the fore. Tlr. C. A. ;-'10; e, Le 'ces ter, has been attac~led to lh e I\1cd ic:t! St..t:( of the Union . At the South Mid 'and District Review, h eld in SU:1uin~d.lle P::uk, the Ambulance Detachmen t, uncler th e command of Chi ef Surge'Jn Russell, M.D., was highly complimented by the President, Sir Eyle !II. ~haw, K.C.B, We are glad to hear lhal in the new Drill BO:lk. issued I y the Union in 1894, no less than eight pages are devoted to a muula nee w'rk. We understand that the next Grand Fire I3rigade T O;lln amen t will t;J.ke plac:! in London in May, at the R oyal r\g icultural 1lal1. Speci ,I ambulance drills and cornpetitions will be given under the direction o f Chief,Superintendent W. J . Church Brasier, Chi ef Officer of th e Am],u· bnce Branch of the National Fire Brigade Unio:1 . It is h')p ed tli1.t all first aid members attached to any Br igJ.de within th e Uni)n \I'ill at once communicate with "the chief," in order th:Jt he HJ::ty 1I'0rk 0 Jt and submit an interesting programme.

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$1. 30bn Bnlbulance B5aociatiol1. .\IETROPOLlTA:-.l' CEXTRE. :\ o. 2 DTSTRTCT.--During the Session that has j list closeJ, Ol'cr 70 classes hal'e been held in \'ar io us parts, the most important of them being the following : .. . CITY POLIo:.-Eighly-one members of the City of LondOl: PolIce Force ha\'e obtained the first aid certificate, 76 have been examll1ed for the first time, and S+ ha\'e gained the :\ledallion. GREAT EASTE1~" RAIL\\·Ay.-Classes have been held as follo\\'s : Stratford \Yorks, 3; Fenchurch Street Station, 2; Liverpool Street Station, 3; Stoke :\ewington Station, :!; Temple ;\Iills, [; Beth:1al Green Station, 2. MIDLAND RAIL\\'AL- Classes hal'e been held at St. Pancras Good~ Department, Child's Hill, and the Dock Depot at Poplar. .l\'ORTH LO;-.llJO~ RATLWAY.-Two strong c1nsses ha\'e been held at BOI\' R oad \\' orks. A brae class has heen held at Il er Majesty's Parcels Office, G.P.U. Ko. DrsTRrcT.-POLYTECHNlC, REGE:-n TREET.-Solll~ I ery larae and successfu l classes, both in first aid and nursing, hal'e teen c~lr~ied through. \\'e hear that there is likely to be a public Jistribution of cert ificates in the autumn. The College of \\-orking "'omen ha\'e beld tirst aid and nursing cla~:e:. .\Iessrs. ~la rshall and Snellgro\'e ha I'e had a Ia rge class com po oed of their employees. Other firms employing a large number of hands wou ld do well to follow this example. The Great \\'estern Railway Company hal'e had classes at Paddington and Westbourne Park G oods Depot. The Church Army are continuing the fi rst aid classes to the mission nurses. PRL.\IROSE HALL.

A DISTRIDUTIO~ of l\IedaLlions and Certificates took place on l\Ionday el'ening, July J 8th, at Primrose H all, Knigh t's Road, \\' est Sil\,ertown i.\Ir. Edll'in KniO'ht, \'iee-presidcnt of the Primrose Literary Society p;'esidin a sUIJported by i\Ir. Alan Palmer, Hon. Distl iet ," \ I~l11ce f \ .. Secretary City " and Port.of ~JO~dOll, St. J~ hn l1.mbu ssocmtlOn, rllrs. Abn Palmer, Captal1l I~l1Igh t, Mr. :'IIJlne, Mr. 1' . IIammersley. The proceedings were intersperse~ by ~ c~pital programme, com prising in strumenta\ and vocal mUSIC, reCi tatIOns, et.c, A very bountiful repast was prOVIded, and a large number of ladles and gentlemen partook of same. The various loyal and other toasts having been submitted the Chairman h aving made a. very ha ppy speech, 1'11'. l\lan Palmer d~scribed at length the l\ssocialion's work, and spoke 0 the

FIRST

goou re5ults attenuing Dr. lIe;1ton IJ o\\'ald's lectures. Female first aid, nursing and male cla sse5 ha\'e beea helu at Primrose Hall for several years past, due chiefly to the generosity of .'orr. Euwin Knight. KT~G EDWARD I;-';STTTC fE.-.\ course of lectures recently delivereu by Dr. Dundas Grant has resulted in a considerable increase of members in this Di\'ision. PRI:\CESS LOnSE .\T yrEST IL\..'oIPSTEAD, th 0.:-1 19 ult. Princ~ss Louise, :'farchioness of Lome, ,,·ho \,"as accomp~J1Ied by the .\IarqU15 of Lome, distributed medallions and certi!1cates ot the St. John ,\mbu1ance ;\ssoc i'ltio'1 LO successful pupils in the cl~s~e5 of the :\0. 9 District, '\l.etropolitan Centre, of which Her Royal H Ignness I s the PreSIUe!1 t. SlI' J-Ierbelt PenoLt, secretary of the St. JOh'1 :\mbulance .\ssociation , moYCd:t Yote of thanks to Princess Louise which was sec0i1ded by Sir O,veel Burne. Lord Lome r eferred to th~ great interest w]lieh the Princess Louise and other members of the Royal Family took in the useful work of the St. John Ambulance Assoc iation. PRU\'I:\CI,\L CEXTRE .\[r::LTO~ :'\[O\\'URA Y.-. \t t~e ex:tmination of the candidates, by Dr. l~ . .\1. Pope, held at the polIce-station Melton on the loth of Jul,' f 11 OWI113 ' " J' the o gal.. n ed certl.fi cate~ :-Sergeant Joseph Garratt, Policeconstable 7\athal11el ~lmey, PolIce-constable Henry J. Fhvell, Policeconst:lble ,\rthm Sm1th, Arthur Sainsbury, I\,iiliam Easom, Henry Iiarns, Alfred Starbuck, Charles Kirk, I\'alter £\dshe:td, Albert E. Humphreys, J ohn "-. I\'a!ker. Fourteen presented themselves for exalll 111 at 1011 , tweh'e of whom passed and two failed.

---------: 0:---------

'IRewarbB for <PRIIantr\2.

IlE Prince of ,Yales, Grand Prior of the Order of the Hospital of St. Johl1 cf JelU,,:tlem in England, who was accompanied by the

Duke of York, ~'u!J-l'rior, and by Prince Christian. the Duke of 'reck <lnd the Duke of FI:e, wtlO are all members of the Order, and ""ho wa; attended by Sir Fr:l ncis KuoJl)s aGd Majo~-Gel1eral A. E. Ellis, on 27 11,1 ult., pr esented the medals awarded by the Chapter 01 the Order dun~g the past year for acts of gallantlY in sav;ng life on bnd, the es sent tal condition of the awa1d i n each case bewg that the recipient'S o\,-n lIfe must ha ve been endangered in the act of rescue. The ca s€s are all. fully and carefL~lly illYestigated, and only those which meet th ese ~oDdlt10ns are rec og l1lsed. 1 he ceremony of presentation took place ~D th e saloon at 11aIl.borough House, at half-past one, and the followIll g rnernbe~'s ?f t~e Cnapter of the Order were present at the ceremony, by speclallnvltat1.?n of the P.rince of \\':tle" all wea ring the full I mign a of the Olde r : -S:r Edmuna Lechmere Colonel T1evennen liol bl.d , General Sir Chades Danbeney, Colonel Gildea. Sir Victor Houlton, L ord Amh erst of Hackney, L ord Egerton of Tatton, Earl A m herst, Earl of Wmchilsea, CaDon Teignmouth Shore. Canon D ucky,olt h. ~, r A .. W. ;Yoods (Garter), General Sir George Willis, ~ ir Andrew Fairb:llrn, ~ord Sand burst, Sir H. Perrott, and Ilir. J. II. Easterbrook, Secretary of the Order. 1 he awards preseded on this occasion were as follows :_ R obelt L ong, of the Wiltshilfi Ycomanry, Bronze Medal, awarded f~r gallantly stoppin.g a pair of runaway horses and a carriage while his troop was retuTnll1g from drill on May 22nd, 18 9'. , P olice.constable Joseph Davies,. F 225 (Metropoli~'ln PoLce), Bronze 11ledal award ed for gallantly stoppll1g a runaway hOls e and cart in th e llayswater Road, on Ju ly 5th, 1893. ~;Y illiam Morgan a nd E rnest Ma.ddock (railway porters, Metropolitan R aIl way), Bronze Medal awarded Il1 each case for resctting a passenger at Portlanci Road Station, L ondon, on February 8th, 1894, who h ad falJen on themetals ill front of an approaching traill. Wilham W estley, guard, North L ondon Railway, Cerlificr.t~ of lI onour a warded for gallantly savil)g the life of a w(Jman at 1';!bl0l1 Station, on November 4th, 1893, who had tbro\yn her~eJf 1[Om the pl.!\tform in front of an approaching train. -Standard. TO OCR RE.\DERS. ~:-As it i~ our 1l10,L earne st "'i5h :tnu des ire to make this Jourlnl as attr~cti\:e as possible, we beg corre:pondents in ;L11 parts of the country to gl\'e 11 all the hell) ~hey can . \\ e hope the Superintendents of Corps and Officers 01 DI\'lSI0ns of the St. John .\mbubnce Brig:tde :tl1U Officers of the \'olunteer ;'Iediol Staff Corps, and the \'Olt:Ilteer ,\mbubnce School of In struction, will do their best to make it known amo:1gst their respective corps, and also will send for publication their offi::tal news. Another w:ty of supportil1~ the Journ:tl is by subscriptions-plenty of them. \\'e shall also ~·.. dcome, and Le pleased to report, the details of any case where First .\id has been of O'reat service either in the way of sa\'ing life, or preventing serious mischief. '

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR 12 months, 1 S 6d ., post free, to be sent to "The Publisher," Alan Palmer, I I , Lu dgate Ilill,London,E.C.

....J\. I D .

[ AUGUST,

~nlbulan(e

ei&orft in

l}}ari~.

THE interest a tt'lching to a comp;uison of the YariOlls methous of rendering- [Irst a.id to the wounded in use in differ'ent places is of a thoroughly practical c,h;uacter ; :md a penodlcal comparing of notes on the ad\'ant:tg-es and d1sad\'anL.'!.g~s o~ the several me;lllS employed could only le:ld to an all round strengtl1enlllg of weak po ints. The average Englishman IS, perhaps, a lILLie too. apt to hncy that in all arrangements for the,health of the COn;nlUD1ty hiS country is far ahead of any other; but WIth regard to ambulance work, this comfortable belief i, unfortunately, ill-justified. It is \-i enna not London that le:tds tb~ way in this respect, mudl as has been dO!~e hy the t. J~hn AmbL!lance Society :tnd by the lJospitals' Association-the last-mentioned As~ocia tion's service being supporteu by the ge!lcrosityof one private indil' idual. Seither, if one can judge by' t he number of i:n'entions and improi·.e;nen.Ls htel), submitted ~o and approved by the P:trisian authOrities, lS there ;:ny lack of Illtere<;t 111 the l11:ttter in the French capital. L~mong the aboye~\Uel:tione~1 . ilwcntion s is a light ambulance, of whl("h I~~'. lhrnay 1S the onglllator, supplied with three j oints or hin ges. "1'1 such a m:tnner as to allo\\' it to turn e\'en al ricrbt an <Ylcs upon itself."' The :tlh-;w tage3 claimed for this arranrremen~ are t~ro fol~ :. Firstly, that it is pos,,:b lc [0 place and keep t h; p~tient in the po s!tlOn most f:tvour~,ble to nlS \\oulid or mabely; :lnt! scco:1dly, tlut such an ambulance call be transported u[l e\'en na,row and torlUOU3 stairs. Another improyement is a two-wheeled amhubnce presented by M. L:tgogue, of l\len<;on, to the Conseil de S:tlubrite . 'This is intended to carry t\\'O persons; the :txle of the carriage being bent at ng~t ;]ngles, !eaycs a brge sPQce, from the top to the bottom of the Yehlcle, between the wheels; and ill this space there is room for two " litters" to be sllspended by hooks, one above the other. This ambll];ll1ce can be dra\yn either by a horse or by one or t\\"o men. A third, the inyentio;l of .\1. Gril, of roiliers has also been in me in Paris; and its il1\'en.tor claims that, e\'en o\~er comparatively rough gr?un~, no more motlOil IS fel.t th;]n \\'ould be o,ca ioned by the gentle SWll1gll1g of a hamm ock. It IS very hght, and c:tn be dr;nm either by a horse. r:t ~lan ; \,:hIle the management IS stated to be so simple that a.n .ent1reJy .lJlexpenenced person \\"OltlJ ha\'e no difficulty either in hftll1g a pat1ent on or off. - Extracl from Hosjita/.

FIRST AID JOURNAL

No. 3.-VOL. I.

DEVOTED TO AMBULAl'JCE

[Entered at Stationers' ffall,]

SEPTEMBE R, 1894.

NOTICE. We take this opportunity of again remi nding our readers that this journal is not the official organ of J.ny Society or Association, its columns being open Lo tile membcrs of any first aid body, military or ciyilian. \V e shall, at all times, be glad to recei\'c item s of news from any source likely to intcre::;t our yariecl su bscribers and readers.

~fi£ ~nlbuLan(e ~erbi(e of tDe jlfl etropolitaH ~~~llunl~ l3onrb. By CIIfRURGU

Land Service,

] .J

Ri \'er Service.

to convey infectiolls fever patients from their hou ses to the

ho~pital, anu kno\\'n :ts "fever yans," "ambulance ca rts," but techni("tlly called" :tmblilances." Upon being asked by the Editors of" FIR T l\W" LV tell them what 1 knew, or could find out about this particular service, [ gladly complied, and made :tpplic..'ltion to the TIead ~uarlers,

where every courtesy wa s shown to me, and :til information freely supplied . PI ior to r867 there was no organ ized provi sion [or the removal and

PRICE 01 E PENNY.

the Y[anagers of the .\Tetropolitan Asylums Bo:trd to remove !n their ambulances and to admit into their hospitals any person who 15 not a pauper, :tnd is "reasonably believed to be suffering from fe"er , small pox, or diphtheria," provided the aPl?I.ication is :tcc0n.1panied by a. certIficate of any regislercu medical practitIOner, thus d01l1g away \\Ith ~he necessity of applying to the relieving officer, and thereby removing the stigma of pauperi sm . It was in this year also (r889) th:tt tbe :\ct was p:tssecl intr~ducing into the metropolis the system of" compulsory notification of infectiolls diseases," which h:ts been found to work so "eryadvantageously . After some e:>..perimental measures in the way of tr:tnsport of patients had been tried [or some time, and pl o "ed to be successful, the man~lO'er s of the Bo:trd in 1836 undertook the responsibility of the '" of infectiolls cases, and the whole ambulance system wa s remo\'al placed under a sep:t r;l te authority called the l\mbulance Commillee, whi ch has 5i nce that time continued the work, 111 a m:tnner mo st crediLable to all concerned . The ambulance arrangements may be di"ided into three kinds : -

70 VERYBODY in L ondo n must be bmiliar with the vehicles u'<ed

W-ORK.

3. Removal and distribution of Patients, LA:-IIJ SSRvrcE.-.\t present there are three station3 where the ambulance3 are kept. There is the Easte rn Ambulance Station, s ituated at lfom erton . adjoining the Eastern IIospital, the SouthEastern l\mbulan ce . tation in the Old Kent Road, :tujoining the South-Ea"tel n lIosp ital, and the "-estern .\mhulance Station at

-----:0 : - - - STO);,Y STRATFORD A;\IBt;LAXCE SCHOOL OF I;-';STRl"cTTO~.-OIl Tuesday, July 31st, the prizes gained by the successful competitors at theAm~ulance School, Stony Stratford, I'.ere distributed by Surgeon'\[a;or l~mser Stokes, of tbe London Rd'le Brigade, Senior "[edical Ufficer I nstructor to the Lonuon Volunteer /\mbui:lnce ~"hool of Instruction . Surge?n-Lieutenant-Colonel Ba)"l~es, of the I"t .\[iddlesex I and Surgeon-!'IlaJor Dull, 1st Bucks R.I .C ., founder of the Stony Stratford School, and joint founder \Iith Bricrade-Surgeon lIolbnd ,;[ the Ist Bucks Bearcr Company, a squ:td fr~m \l"hid~ uncler Surcre:m.'.-fajor Dull's command, obtained second pbce in the rdcent compe~itiun for the Ambulance Ch:tllenge Shield, were aL~o present. At the conclusion of the prize di s trib~tion Surgeon-:"I[Qjor Stokes expressed his pleasure at the results which could only Le obt:tined, he said, by a great deal of work. Surgeon-i.\faJor Bull told them the results were due entirely to the men, but he thought:t great deal depended on the instructor. He also took this opportunity of pointinO' out that it was heir duty to work under, and not in phce of medical ':nen . ST . ANI?RE'~"S AMDULAN~E ASSO.CT':"-Tl<?~,-We hear of the good \york that 1S bell1g done by thlS Assoc1atlon III North Bntall1. A friend in Glasgow often writes, describing cases in \\ hich assistance has been rendered. ,Ye hope to be able to giYe ~ome :tccollnt of it in a subsequent number. FIRST AID O~ BUARD SHIP.- Capt:tin llocken of s.s. Vdleda tmding between Car?iff and South American ports, belieyes strongly in the efficacy of first ald. He keep3 all the applian ces on board his boat and is look;d lip to a~ a.n authority ~t the foreign ports that he fre~ qllents. II e have a d1stIl1ct recollectIon of the O"reat interest he too k in th~ work \\bilst le:trning the su bject. A splen ~kl example for other ca ptam s. l\OTICE. This Journal will be puhlished on or about the 15th of the month. Advertisements (terms on applic:ttion) and contributions should be sent in by the loth. ----

NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. Letters to the Edtf01' 17lust be wrz"ttcn 01t ow szde oj the paper Oll!)/, and must be accompamed by tile ?lame and add1'ess oj the sellder, as a gual'alltee oj good jmlh. T.f-'e do 1lot mcessanly identify ourselves WZtil the mews lleld oy 0111' correspo71de71ts.

---

Printcd for the Propl'ietors by W. J . GOODE 8 , C1cl'kcnwcll Uoatl. anLl puhliohcll hy ALAX l' ALlll!J;, at 11 , Lllltgatc liill, 1<;.U.

CROSS ON THE RIVER: 'IlI l'; l\IET1WPOUTA . ASn.l"~lS nOARD ~E\\, A~lDULA:-<CE STEA:YIER "GENEVA CROSS." (From (t J>/lOtogr(lph by J'hilip /I. Pinchalll, West Dulleich. )

TIlE RED

lYe :tre indeLted to the Proprietors of the Daily Graphic for the reprouu ction of the accompanyinO" sketch. isolation of infectious disease in the metropol is, at least as a means of prevention .. It was the duty of t he boa.rds of guardbns to provide accommod:ttlon for the sick poor belonging to their respective parishes or unIOns, tbe local sanitary authorities were empowered by law to pro' :ide simi lar accommodation fur infectious cases other than paupers, but lIttle was really done, and there was no ce ntral authority to organize and contro l any sllch provision . At that time a patient could on ly be ~ldm illed to hospital upon the order of a reliev in O' officer accom[Janied '" , a time thi s by a certl' fi cate signed by a district medical ofucer. After \V . I<; founel to be impracticable when an epidem ic wa s raging, a nd the 1. oca.l Govern ment Board in 1887 permitted the removal of patients to ho~p l tal on the certificate o[ any reO'istered medical pract ilioner , to be , b a.ccomp:tllJed by the relieving officer's oreler. In 1889 further conces.510:1S were granted, and in that year an Act w:ts passed, empo\\ering

Fulh:tm, adjoining the "-estern Hospi ta l. There IS also a small auxiliary station att:tched to the hospital at TO'Hing-, and another is about to be erected close to the I3rook H ospital. They are in telephonic communicat ion with the ch ief offices at Xorfolk 'Lreet, by which the managers are enabled to remo\'e any case at a few minutes' notice. In each of the permanent st:ttions there are stabling for IS to 20 horses, anu coach houses for 20 to 30 c:nriages. .\ n experienced nurse ac('omp;lnies each ambulance, \\ ith a male attendant to assist in carrying the paLient wh en over 10 ye:trs of age. In severe cases, when pmcticable, the stretcher bed is taken into the house, and the p:ttient is placed upon it, then put on to the frame which supports it in the c:r.rriage, and p:tssed into posi tion. Restora ti \'es :tnd Sll i ta ble refreshments are pro\' ideel, in cha rge of the nurse. 1Jl all ca"es patients :tre rC'Juired tv take as little clothingas possib le with them to the ho sp ital.

1-1

FIRST

They are wrapped in blankets proyided for thi s purpose, and sent in the carriage. After depositing the patient at the hospital the carriage returns to its station, where it is disinfected and thoroughly cleansed before being used again for the remoyal of another patient. Two kinds of carriages are used :-One-n " ynn " ambulance, to accommodate t\\'o patients and a nurse, the beds consisting of air tubes and an air pillow placed on stretchers, the lower one running on tram lines fixed on the floor of the carriage, and the upper fixed on n frame; the other is shaped like a brougham, with n door at the back, through which the stretcher is passed. The nurse can communimte with the driyer through a speaking tube. RIVER SERVICE.-This is used exclusi\·ely for the remoyal of cases of small-pox to the Hospital Ships, and consists of three wharves for the embarkation of patients, yiz., the \\'est at Fulham, the :\orth at Poplar, and the South at Rotherhithe, and + ambulance steamers, the Red Gross, the ]I[a/Lese Cross, the Alhert T'ictor, and the Geneva Cross. These steamers cost respecti\·ely £+,630, £5,860, £3,150, and £9,750, and can mrry 152 patients. The Geneva Cross has only recently been added and ,,·as built from special designs by :\Ir, C. Thomson and :\Ir. J. Hudson. She has beds for 52 patients, with e\·ery accommodation for mediml officer and nurses, and an isolated cabin furward for friends of patients or visitors who desire to inspect the Hospital Ships at Long Reach. ROIOYAL A:'\D DrSTRIB L"TIO:\ OF PATI EKTs.-In order to obtain the remo\·al of an infectious case to the hospital there is a certain routine to be gone through which it is desirable the public should be well acquainted with. \\'hen a case of suspected infecti ou s feyer occurs the first thin a to d o is to send for the doctor, who, after seeing the case and coming to the conclusion that it is an infectious case, '\Tites out two certificates, one the notification required by the Act of P arliament and whi ch contains the patient's name, address, sex, age and disease, and the other, a certificate that the case requires remo\·alto thc hospital, a duplicate of this latter is also made out which has to he gil·en to the nurse in charge of the ambulance. The two cenific::ttes must be sent to the Medical Officer of Hcnlth of the di strict, who thereupon telegraphs or telephones the p~nticulars to the chief offices of the :\letropolitan Asylums Board , from which instru ctions are sent by telephone to the nearest ambulance station to convey the patient to the appropriate hospital. Thi s C::ttl be and is done so speedily that generally the amoulance is on its ,,·ar t::> the patient's house \\"ithin five minutes after notice hns been received at the chief office. If time be an object and it is found necessary to remove the patient as soon a s possible, the removal certificate can be sent up to t.he chief office, or the particula rs sent by wire, and immediate attention is paid to it. The notification mu st be sent to the :\[edical Officer of Health in any case. The removals are effected very quickly sometimes. I remember a case in ,\"hich I wired particulars to .;'\orfolk IIouse and the patient was taken away in a little ol-er an hour. In addition to removing patients to their own hospitals the managers of the :'ILA.B. undertake to com·ey patients to other places, such as to a general hospital, from one house to another, &c., and for this a small charge is made, \·iz. 5s., and 2S. 6d. extra for a nurse if required, and I S. for el'ery mile outside the metropolitan area. The ambulance nurse le::tl"cs at the p~ltient's house a notice stating the hospital to whi ch the patient is taken, and also a copy of the regulations as to visiting, &c. On arri\·al at the ho spital the patient is examined by the medical superintendent, and a note of his or her condition is sent to the friends. 1£ seriously ill a daily bulletin is sen t to keep them informed of the progress of the case, and in order to prevent as far as possible inquiries being made at the hospital gates, in in respect of patients not dangerously ill, a weekly bulletin is sent. I find that the tota I n um ber of remo\·als last year was 36,976, a figure which gives so:ne idea of the amount of useful work done by the M.A. Board. The various fever hospitals are Eastern Fever Hospital at Homerton with 336 beds, :Korth-Eastern Hosp ital at Tottenham with 400 beds, 'orth-\Vestern Hospital at Haverstock Hill with 384- beds, Western lIospital at Fulham with 34-6 beds, South-\\"estern Hospital at Stockwell with 400 beds, South-Eastern Hospital in the Old Kent Road with 458 beds, :Korth ern Hospital at \Vinchmore Hill for convalescents with 680 beds, and the Fountain (temporary) Hospital at Tooting with 406 beds. Then there are the Smallpox Hospital Ships at Long Reach, Dartford, with an accommodation for 300 beds, and the Gore Farm Hospital which can be used either for acute or conmlescent patients and has accommodation for 1,192 patients. These particulars show what a vast allli important work is being performed by the managers of the Metropolitan Asylums Board, a work that is done quietly and !'uperbly, and for which we, the inhabitants of this vast metropolis, ought to be most thankful. They a re able to place at any hour of the day or night, with the least possible delay, a fully equipped ambulance in charge of a careful dril"er and attendant, and with an experienced nurse, at the door of any house in the i\l etropolitan district, a di strict extending o\·er an area of 121 square miles, and con tairing consiJerably more t:lan half a million d\\'ellings inhabited by a p::tl ulatio:! of +i millions.

[September,

AID.

I S9-l-.

FIRST

September, I894.J

~t. ~nb'rcw'~ ~tnfJulan(£ ~~~ociation.

1Hotes By "TOUR:\JQUET."

HE Report of this Association for the year ending 31st [ay, I89~, is before us, and we are pleased to have the opportunity of learning something of the work done. The number of pupils trained by the Association during the last year is s+8~, the course of instruction comprisin g ten lectures-six theoretical, and four practical. \Ye extract the following paragraph, as it seems to us to be the commencement of what ench large town ought Lo have, i.e. a properly equipped ambulance service. "The Association would again remind the public that the Ambltlallce Hagons call be ca/led for by allY persoll by day or lIiglIt, within the bOlUldm 'ies of each centre, FH_EE OF ALL COST AND RESPONSJl3lLIT".' ~ In connection with this we see that 2383 calls have been made on t11e wagons of the Association. There are 33 centres, amongst ,\"hich we see that there is one at Li\·erpool, where 7 classes have been held. The Assoc iation has an ambulance corps attached to it, with 57 centres. I t is evident that the S1. Andrew's Ambulance Association is doing a great work in Scotland, which we hope will get every encouragement. \Ale expect, in the course of a month or two, to give n fuller account of the institution.

I Ai\! glad to see that my note on "First Aid ·Sea-Sickness" has brought forth an article. ~

lt1

>"i-

I HEAR that a conference of the surgeons and chief officers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade is to be called in November next at Northampton. ..;,

~;-

>'(-

As the number of words in the English Language seems to be increasing, and this appears to be an age for coining words, I may be forgiven for adding one more to the list. ..';"

.;.-:

-:."

I HAYE noticed that a word has been wanted to replace the ugly expression "ambulance man,!' (( ambulance pupil," &c., so I haye ycnturec.l to coin a new word FIRST-AIDER" to supply the want. ~':.

~I':.

* is-A person wl10 has THE definition of this word

Voluntt£r jirldYicnl ~tatI <!Corp$".

receiyed a certificate from an authorised association that he (or she) is qualified to render first aid. ""' ..

A~~'n": AL

CA;\1P.

CWEF SUPT. \VOOLSTO~, who has the control of the "Velling-boro' Corps, is one of the most popular officers in the S.J.A.B., and in his OW11 corps-indeed we might say, throughout his county-is as popular as he is modest. It was mainly through his efforts that a Jubilee l\urse was engaged for the \Vellingboro' district, and the local board. recogni ing his yaluable yolunleer sen·ice, supports him in eyery way. He is almost idolised by his own men, and at the Annual Camp of Instruction his geniality and good comradeship won him a host of friends amongst his brother officers . {[ r'ive fa C0711jame," is a W oolstonian refrain thoroughly endorsed by TOURXIQl-ET. *- 7:>'!-

Oh! Tommy, Tommy \Y oolston, you're a good 'un heart and hand, You're a. credit to your CO~lI1ty, and to e'en your nalil"e land; :\[ay your pluck be neyer wanting, may your funds be ne\·er low, G ood luck to Tommy \\" oolston, is a county's wish for you.

---- - - :0: - - - - - -

~m{Jlllflnce

(totnpetttion at Nea~b'ell.

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rr-,HfS event is always looked forward to with very great interest by -.l. the members of the V.i\LS.C., and all appreciate a week' s traini na with the regular troops. The I\Ietropolitan Corps left Waterloo St~tion on August 4th, by the 5.35 train, all companies being well represented. Aldershot was reached about 7 o'clock, and the corps. marched to the ground which was situated on Redan Hill, near the Cambridge Hospital, an advance party having arranged the camp. Later on in the day deta chments from Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Leeds and i\laidstone arrived, supper was served and the companies. began to get ready for a week's good drill and enjoyment. The first experience the men had to undergo was that of lying on the ground for the night, owing to the non-arrival of the stra w with which the bed ticks were LO have been filled. "Lights Out" was sounded at [0.15· SU;-WAY dawned with a cloudless sky. Reveille was sounded at five and trenches were dug round the tents. A" Drum IIead" Church Parade took place at 9.30, the service being conducted by the chaplain of the" Leeds Company," who also addressed a few words of camp life t spiritual and earthly. After service all were dismissed for the day, Dinner was served at 12.3 0 . MONDAy.-It rained on and off for the greater part of the morning _ The daily routine was thus :-Reveille was sounded at 5.0, early coffee at 6.0, breakfast at 8.0, dinner at 12.30 p.m., tea at 5.0, lights out ro.IS· TUESDAY was a repetition of Sunday as regards the weather. The corps paraded at 6.0, and had an hour's stretcher and wagon drill;. again at 9 o'clock for Railway Ambulance Wagon Drill; after dinner from 2 till 4, Bandaging and Seat Drill was gone th.rough. VVEDNE SDAY.-Another fine day, the sun be1l1g very powerful. Paraded at 6.0 for in spection by the Commanding Officer; again at 9 till 12 for\Vagon Drill. In the afternoon, 2 till 4 was spent in that very interesting drill," Kitchen Digging," for 'Nhich Surgeon-Captain Edwards and Lieutenant Waring gave prizes for the best dug kitchen. THURSDAY .-Paraded at 6.0 for Seat Drill; again at 9 for Dressing Station Drill. In the afternoon the Regimental Sports were held on the A.A. Ground, jumping, running, etc. being the chief items of interest. The London Companies winning easily. FRf])Ay.-A very fine dawn. Reveille was sounded at 4.30 , all were soon busy cleaning up, it being the Garrison Field Day and Sham Fight. After breakfast lunch was served o ut to each man, nnd at 8.3 0 the battalion started marching for Fox Hill, the rendezvous of the troops. The fight commenced at I 1.0, and then" first aid" was put into practical use; the dressing station being fixed and bearers sent out to collect the wounded. The retreat being sounded the Corps had to retire, pack up, and" fly for their lives." Cease firing was ordered to be sounded by the General, H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught, and after a defile past all left for Aldershot, which was reached at 2.30. In the evening a smoking concert was held, the regulars attending in force, and song and Illirth rang o.ut until n late hour. SATURIlAY.-The corps entrall1ed at 11.45 a.m. and left Aldershot after a pleasant and instructive week's outing. The officers were as follows :-Officer-Commanding, Surgeon-Col. A. T. Norton; Adjutant, Surgeon-Captain Julian P. Hayes, A.M.S.; Surgeon-Captain V. Matthews, Surgeon-Captain J. E . Squire, Lieut. vVaring, and Quarter Master Bennett.

AID.

LET there be no mistake-I don't say that a first-aider means a reader of "First Aid "-although I hope that eyery first-aider will become one. -I:. -1;,*'f.

EDITORS of Dictionaries-please note the word" First:aider" and its meaning. ..;.:...... I Ail! yery pleased to ee that a benefit concert is being arranged for Printe Friend on the 26th inst. I Ilear from somebody who knows something, that there will be a special original item, so all the first-aiders -(wbo can) ought to be present. ~':.

POOR Friend is still at Folkestone, only partially convalescent, and it will be some time before he can resume work. So don't forgel tile date, but rally round and .give him a "Bumper Ben." ~.':.

":,':~~

"THE Chief" tak es the chair, and will be supported by a host of talen:, and that bright and shining lumil1ary S. S. Sugg, and our good old friend" \Vhangai " are a~ting as joint hon. secs., so I think that a pleasant -evenll1g may be looked for. .;,':. ..;;.. ';.''f.

I SAY, Arthur, the finding of that tobacco pouch seems to have given you quite a sentimental turn . Having smo ked the tobacco it will save you a dale of trouble if you forward the pou~h on here, as a present to your ol~ ambulance instructor, for I expect the J J. will eVl11ce a natural bashfulness in claiming his lost property, after reading your pathetic little par. in F & n;: ~\'!.

~'!.

";,',.

A CAPITAL programme has been got together for the Annual Grand Parade of the VVellin<Tboro' oCor})s , of the st. John Ambulance Brigade. Amongst other eYents, 1 noted that the local Cycling Division will show how the m odern cycle may be adapted for use as an ambulance carriage. The Metropolitan Division will have to look to its laurels. I haye heard a great deal of talk about a proposed machine, but I am still waitil1<T the . I 0 P!"3.ctlca development of the idea.

~ connect ion with t:te _\ nnual Flower Show of the \\"ille sden _ Horticultural Society, a series of ,\mbulance compeLitions, open to V olunteers andl1lembers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. was held. Only three teams entered, namely, one each from the follo"ing regiments : -\- olunteer :\Iedical Staff Corps, +th :\Iiddlesex, and 22mi :\Iiddlesex Rifle \ 'olunteers. :'IIaj or Andre"- :'I Iacl ure, \- .D., acted as judge. The Strelc her Detach men t Com peti tion was won by the V.:'ILS.C., the +th :'Iliddiesex being second, and the :2nd :'I[iddlesex third. In connection with this Competition we noticed that each te,lm neglectel one \'ery important point; the injuries includel a gunshot wound of the chest, but in no instance was the patien t placed on the stretcher in clin ing towards the inj ured side. For the Single :\lan Carrying Competitio~1 one competiLOr only entered, namely, a representati\·e from th e 2:nd :'liddlesex, this team also claimed a' walk over" in the" smartest turn out competition" and the" stretcher r:1.ce in hea"y nurching order." The best piece of work of the afternoon was undoubtedly the" wagon drill competition," "hich "as \\on by the V.:'LS.C. Their drill \'.as yery good and the men worker! well together. Seco:1d place W:1.S secured by the 22nd :'IIiddlesex, and Lhe 4th :'I1icldl esex was third. The Show, \\ hich was in aid of the \\-illesden Cottage IIospital, was well p:1.tronised, and we hope \\ ill result in a large addition to the funds of this truly-desen·ing Institution.

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~ortfJ£rll

N ote~t

IIILST in the .;'\orth of England recently I was surpriseJ to see the large number of police and railway men wearing the ambulance badge. I made it my busine s to get into Clllwersation with 111a,l), of them, and was delighted to find they were, as a rule, yery enthu siastic on all subjects relating to "first aid." \\'hen th ey found that I W;15 willing to li sten they unfolded themseh·es, and related, in many in stances, "aluable sen· ice rendered. I "'as much struck at Harrogate to see the porters with the badge rush forward to a~;)i:;t a disabled il1\·alid to alight from the train, and again a lady who had. arriyed from London, tran sported thither by that splendid organization known as the' I1n-al id Transport Corps," and it was, indeed, a most gratifying sight to see the way in which those porters yolunteereJ :l."i,unce to the atlendant in charge of the case. There is not Lhe ~lighte . ;t doubt the ambulance training these employes recei\'e is pro\-ing of immense sen·ire. and rendering many a lon a weary journey for the sick ami ailing much more comfortable Lhan it lIsed to be. At the sight of suffering these trained officials of the railway staff are always most sympathetic, and ready to do a ny little thing in theirpol\·er to mitigate same . lIow differen t only a few years sin ce. Then a rmveller, in a weak state of he:tlth, or infirm , ran a great ri sk; but it is not so now, for the Ambulance men love the work, and their best nature shows itself. The police are also rendering sp lend id aid, and wha t a ple::tsure to see so many wi th the familiar legend on the arm. [ cannot understand h ow it is that the :\Ietropolitan and City of London police, \\ho h:l\e gained ambulance certificates do not wea r the b:ldge. In other to\\ns one can see at once if the constable near the scene of accident is trained, but in Londo n you cannot tell without asking the quesLion. I certainly think a ll public officials having the knowledge should wear the badge, it is a credit and an honour to them se lves to do so. There is mom 1"')1" much more work in the :\orth of England, fOI" I h eard on ly recently a man was brought to a to\l'n by traill with a compound fracLure of the leg, and it wa s not until the police met the case on its arrival at the station that the patient rec,:i'I':'j any medical or fi rst aid treatment. F IRST-.\J[)ER.

FIRST TO OUR RE.\OER .. As it is our most earnest wish and desire to make this Journal as attracti\'e as possible we beD" correspondents in all parts of the country to gi\'e it all the hell; they c<~n. lYe hope the Superintenden~s of Corps and Officers of Diyisions of the St. John Ambulance T3rJRade, and Officers of the I -ol unteer i\Iedical Staff Corps, and the Volunteer Ambulance School of Instruction, will do their best to make it kn o\\ n amonRst their respecti \'e corps, and also will send for pu:)lication th~ir official news. l\n other way of supporting the Journal IS by subscnptions-plenty of them. lYe shall also welcome, and be pleasetl. to report, the details of any case where First Aid has been of great sen'lce, either ill the way of saving life, or preventing serious mischief,

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR 12 months, IS. 6d., post free, to be sent to (( The Publisher," Alan Palmer, IT, Llldgate Hill, London, E.C.

F IR S T A I D . IS SEPTEJIBER, 189[.

T must be admitted by eyeryone that the railwa\companies of this kingdom do th eir ordinary work in a most admirable manner. ,Vhcll we compare the modes of conveyance used by our fathers and grandfathers to those in vogue at the present day, we see th(lt a most ,,-onderful change has come oyer the land-it is as though some gifted fairy llad p2.ssed lbrollgh the country and effected a grand tran sformation. 'V e ncver hear of anyone nQw-a-days being afraid to t~'a\'el by the swiftest express, or exhibiting alarm at crossing the highest bridge or travelling on the edge of precipices-such is the confidence that we have in our railway companies. \ Ve know that the greatest skill is shown in the construction of the roads, and in the building of the mighty engines and the commodious carriages. , V c are aware that their drivers and signalmen are the best that can be procured, and that, so long as they are not worn out by over work or too long hours, we can place OLlr lives and property in their hands with safety. Notwithstanding all this, howeyer, those dreadful ,,-orc1s (( railway accidents" "will crop up in the daily newspapers. A poinl goes wrong, a brake does not act, a coup ling giycs way, or a signalman pulls the wrong le\'er, and the inevitable smash occurs. vVe do not believe that anyone, excepl those present at such a sccne. can grasp the terrible reality of a railway collision. The scalding steam of the engine, the telescoping of the carriages, and the wreckage strewn aroulld, coupled with the shrieks and groans of the wounded and dying, prescnt a ncyer-to -be-forgotten picture to the mind of the spectator. And this is t he type of case in W11ich fir t aid is of the greatest possiblc value . It almost goes iyitl10ut saying that anyone who is able and is 'willing to render help to his fellow creatures in such a time of suffering, is show ing his sympathy in a most practical and useful form. Can iye say that the railway companies are thus showing their sympathy with the unfortunate persons who become injured on their lines? Are they doing th eir best to provide measures by which pain can be alleviated, and the severity of th e different injuries lessened? VVe are afraid that the majority of the companies must answer these questions in the negati\'e, but at t he same time we must admit that some of them, the Northern and Eastern lines especially, have made great strides lately in extending a nd encouraging instruction in first aid amongst their employes. Th e companies in the soulh do not appea r to have done t h eir duty in this matter. Although t here have been a few classes during the la t few years with a little temporary excitement, t here bas not been that enthusiasm disp layed and enCC'Llragement shown by the authorities that one might expect. \ Ve do Ilot know

AID.

[September, 1894 .

what valid excuse can be offered. Wc can only surmise lhal they object to the necessary outlay. If so, then it is a penny-wise-and-pollnd-foolish policy . The directors must be aware, and if not th cir solicitors will tell lhem, that in railway accidents where the injuries are numerous and se\'ere, the morc care that is shown in firsl aid work, both as regards the aClual treatment of the injuries and also in the transil of th e patienls so that the primary injury be not aggrayated, the less money the company will hayc to pay in the way of dama{Tes. We ha\'e no doubt tbat the direclors know by saS experience the dilTcrence of cost bet ween a simple and compound fracture of the leg . It is to th eir interest, therefore, to do all they possibly can to diminish the effects of the original injury, and to make eyery preparation for cOlweying thc patient safely home. And all this can be effected by haying a sufflcienl number of men trained in ambulance work, It has o rlen been said thal if a director were to be injured or killed in a rail way accident, accidents would be more rare, and wc also lhink that if a director were so unfortunate as to ha\'e a simple fractur e of the leg cOI1Yertec1 into a compound by careless handling, ambulance in struc li on would be encouraged wilhout stint. ,Ve know for a fact that any reasonable number of men C:111 be obtained I':ho are ready and willing to undergo the necessary training. \Vl1il sl on thi s s ubj ect we venture to state th at f/trrc arc jlls! as 7Jl(i7l)! Ilcrucs (llJtrJ71/{ raz7wa)' cl1z}!o)'/s as on the battle field-men who do th eir duty braycly and fearlessly in the signal box or on th e fire plate, without the fierce excitement of the din of battle or stirring music, and although they do n ot gain llle Victoria Cross, yet desen-e th e grateful thanks of lheir fellow-countrymen for their noble dcecls of yalol1r. - ---:0: - -'- -

1Rcwnrbe for JJ3 ra"cr~.

Ei\RI.Y 100 cases of distin g ui shed acts of gallantry occurrillg in the United Kingdom and in ot her parts of her i\1ajest)"s possessions have just bee n illVestigated by the cOJllmittee of the Royal IIum ane Society, as the resu lt of reports submitted for the montlily meeting-, and yesterday, after due examinati on, the society's medal was conferred on the undermentioned persons, and testimonials and otber rew8rds upon many others. The large number of cases is due in a considerable deRrecto the usual in cidents of the bathing and boating season. Medals were awarded to the Rev. Canon Utlerton, ,icar of Leatherhead, for sa\'ing ]. IValton, in a rapid stream 30ft. deep, on the 7th in st., at the Strid, Bolton Abbey, Yorkshire. The rev. gentleman had a hard and se\'ere struggle with 'Walton, but eventually, by strong swimming-, got him to the base Ot the rock. Joseph Spells 5..1.ved one child and aLlempted to save another, both of whom broke throl'gh the surfa ce cover inRan o ld disused well or cesspool, 30 fl. d eep, at Gillingham, Kent, on July 7. George ]. John s, of Reckleford, Yeovil, sayed Ernest 1\. Kemp in Portland Breakwater, July 28, when the boa t in which they were capsized. J o bn s pI unged into the sea and effected the rescue some sixty yards from the boat and. three miles from land. Captain \V. Rothwell, steamship Fe1llba, of the British-India Steam Navigation Company, saved a coolie in the sea at Busrah, Arabia, who was being rapidly carried away by a strong current until Rothwell, after plunging overboard, managed to reach and rescue him half a mile from the ship. David L. Nathan, saved G, Hayward while bathing in the River Even lode, near Charlbury, Oxford, in 10 ft. of water, Ju ly 5. Other medals were con ferred upon 1\ oLert 01 i vcr, sea man of the I3riti sh steamsh ip Cairo, for saving a Russian girl, age fo 1Il teen , at St. Petersburg. The case, whi ch was sent through the Foreign Office by the ConsulGeneral at SL. Petersburg, showed tha t the re scue was most heroic in all its incidents. Second Officer VV, E . Searle and Andrew Hill, boatswain of the steamship A.j1'ica1l Pl'illct1, sayed Chief Officer \N. Tin'mouth in a high and choppy sea in the Gulf of Petras, Greece; Thomas Alfred Muse saved Cornelius Cole while working 'tween decks on board the wrecked ship Ol'men, in the South Quay, London Docks, July 6. F. IV. Daniell saved \N. and J. T3any in twenty fathoms of water in Portsmouth lI arbour, when the ir boat capsized, June 18 ; and Private G. II. Saunders, Ordnance Store Corps, for J:llunging from a ferry boat in the Thames, South IVoolw ich, J uly 12, and in 24 ft of water, saved a man, ]50 yards from shore, who attempted suicide. There was a large n umber of other cases.

FIRST

•

AID.

@ur n~ortr(1it <l' nIlcr~. MAJOR AXDRI;:W

MAC LCl~E,

V.D., LATE Lo;-;no.-..: SCOT-

nSH RIFLE VOLU'-":TEEI~S.

N presenting our read ers this month wiLll t11<.; portrait of ]\Jajor Maclure, we fed that we arc only remlerinO' honour where honour is due. lIe has made t:> his name wellknown as being the founder of lhe V ol u ntcer Ambulance Deparlll1~n l. It was III 1876, wIlen sergeant of tIl e L OlIdo n ScoUi"h Hines, that be firsl cOllcciYed the idea, and 111 ]877 h e succeeded in forming the Sick Bearers Corps, and in October uf thal year had the satisfac ti on of being informed by the ,Var Office lhat th e head::, of the l\lilitary Medical Department h ad sanc ti oncd the attendance of. an army mecli~al officer and a se rgc~nl of the A!'my I.I~sr,l.ta l Corps to ll1str ucl \'olunleers III the dullcs of . SIck Bearers" in the field. Very soon afterwards th e Voluntee r .--\.mbulance Department was organized, and in 1877 classes were first formed ill L ondon, followed by branches in yarious \'olunteer centres in the country. In 188 +, with Surgeon Major Evalt, Dr.. CanLlIe, and others , he founded the Voluntee r Medical. Staff . Corps, and in th at ycar also his \'aluable se rVIces 111 conneclion with the Voluillee r Ambulance D epartment were oft1cially recogn ised Ly the 111 iIi lary authorities in a letter writlen to him by the then Secrelary of Slate for \ iVar, the Marquis of IIarlington . \ Ve belie\'e lhal he is the onjy volunteer wh() lias been lhus bon oured by the vVar Office. In J R~~ a testimo,n iai was Y.resented to him at the Guildhall, London, 1Il recogllltloll of the" very able and enerO'clic sc n 'ices in connection with the Volunteer Ambula71ce Department." In 1886 Surgeon-Captain Pearce originated, and Major Maclure was invited to be president of the Volunteer Ambulance School of Instruction, an A ssociation which insLructs officers and men of all regiments ill ambulance dUlies, thus carrying on the work of the Volunleer Am~ulance Department, "w hich has since extended to IndIa and the Colonies. Since tbat time Major l\'laclure bas been actively engaged in supporting first aiel work of every kind, and in 1893 his services we:e furlher acknowledged by the O rder of lhe Ho pItal of St. John of J eru salem enrolling him as an honorary Associate of the O rde;·. He is now Honorary Major of the 7th Middlesex (London Scoltish) Rifles. This is a g rand record of which any man may be justly proud, an d we on ly hope tha t he will for many years COllt inu e the noble work t hal he so successfully inaugurated.

National dri rc 3B riga'ttc% :anluttlan (f ~£rbire(

N ollr contemporary, Fire a1lr1 TValcr, of last month, Dr. Dickinson. Captain of the .\!arlow Fire Brigade, offers some \'aluable sug· ge!>tiuns anent Ambulance work in connection \\'ith ,\ml)lilancc com petitions for members of the !-ire Brigade Sen·icc. I shrJldd alh'ise al l my brother firemen who ha\'e not yet obtained this copy to do so; indeed, e\'ery member of the ('nion should Lake thi,; journal regularly. The English firemen seem tf) have had a COil iderable amount of enjoyment all iheir cOlltinental tOUI. ,\l11ong;;t other places \'isitcd \I'as Viellna, which city, as is well k!lOi\ II, ]losse cc <.:" an ,\mIJlllance Sen'ice, based on the line5 of the Fire ]3, i~ade Sl'n ice, and \\hich it was suggested some lll(,nths since in a C,)Jllelllporarr ~h'Jldd form the model for a similar sen'ice for London allL! our olher large citie~. That some such sel \'lce i~ required is atlmilled; but I do liot thillk the \'ie:ll1ese service is altogether the best f()r our cOlllltry. In the fir"t place, it must he borne ill mind that in \ 'ienna the removal of infectious c:tses, and th:1t of pauper lunatics is undertaken by the First ,\ill Society. In Enghllll, ho\\e\'er, this duty is \'ery well administered, as a rule, by local 130ards of Guardians, and, as regards infectious c:tses in London, the rel11o\'al is undertaken by the Metropolitan :\sylul11s Board, whose work is v,orthy of the highest praise. By-the-byc:, I hope, when firemen holJing "first aill" certificates again visit I'ienna they I\ill take with thern nut only a few bandages, but other minor surgical appliances, and a few sinl]lle drugs and dressings. They are always useful, and ran easily be carried by one uf tht.: number in a sinal! IJJ'own haversac, such as is carried by the Sl. J uhn Am bulanre 13rig:lde. Chief Superintendent Church Brasier writes that he will be glad to hear from firemen holding Ambulance certificates, \\'ith any sugge"tions for an Ambulance display and competition to be embodied in the programme of the Xational Fire 13rigaJes Tournallielit of next year. \Ve are glad to note that the Ambulance department allached to the \Va rminster Brigade is in a very efficient state. Our thanks are due to our contemporary, Fire and !Fater, for the kindly welcome accorded to this Journal. An exh ibition of ambulance work was gil'en in connection with a Fire 13rigaJe display at the Parkstone Flower Shu\\' last month . It is \\'ith pleasure that \\'e nole the Ambulance work is aRain coming to the fore in connection wiLh the :\Ietropolilan Fire Brigade. Several good classes are in course of formation, alld \I ill be instructed by Dr. Sanderson, one of the surgeons to the B, igade. Engineer Koesell will act as lI on. Secretary to the cl<tsses, which it is expected will n Ulll ber not less tban 2+6 melll bers. ClIESTICl<.-On the occasion of a dinner gi\'en to the Earl of Chester's Volunteer File T3rig:lde last month, the opportunity was taken of presenting the Certificates of the St. J ohn j\m bulance ,\ssociation to those members who recently pas~etl the examination. It appears that aIL passed \\'ho \\'ere exam in ed (r6).

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:Uaron jjt'l unbJ), of 1] ie nnat

B and founder of the \\ell-knOIl'n \ ·icnllJ. \ 'olllnteer i\m hulance ~\RO .'r F.\RO:\"lR .l\IU:\" DY, Doctor of :'I[Cdicine, and patron

Society, who died at the end of August last, was the gr:Jnd old man of the ambulance world. lie lI'as bOJll in IS::!2, and entered the Austrian army at an e:Jrly age; but in 1855 he cbang-cd his plans, and de\'oLed I him self to the study of medici!le. ll e ser \'ed as a \'olunteer in the Medi ca l Staff during the campaigl1s of 183') against Italy, of 1866 against Prllssi:l, 01 iginating and (Jrganizilig the llJilitary ambulance scheme. I n the Franco-Gelman \\' ar he acted as director and senior in spector of three large lield hospitals. But it was in civilian first aid wOlk that Baron .l\Iundy madehis llame a household word in Vienn:J. He, \\'ith Count Bann s \Vilczek, founded the Volunteer Ambulance Society, a charitable in stituti on , which carries on the whole o f the ambulance work in Vienna , and has since hecn copied in many of t he conti nental cit ies. This scheme deserves consideration, and we hope, in a future number, to be able to gi\'e a good description of it. Baron ~ [ undy had many si ncere fl iend s in th is coun try, \1 ho felt hi s death keenly, more especially cOIls id erin g the sad ]11anner in which it occurred.

FIRST

$ea~$iCRness anb jfirst Bib. IlY J. C. II.

K seeing in the ),'"otes by " T ourniquet" of last month that h e re. quired some hints about First Aid for sea-sickness, it occurred to me that I might be able to fill up the gap in a small way, although I haye no doubt that there are others who know more about it than myself. I haye been a ship doctor for some years and have crossed the Atlantic many times, and haye trayelled nearly all over the world in different boats. In the first place II"hat causes the sickness? :\1y theory is, and I may s·.y there are man y others, that the stomach and its contents are so shaken L p by the motion of the ,"essel, that a particular current of nervous (reflex) action is started through the sobr plexus and pneumogastric nerve, pa~5es to the vomiting centre in the brain, whi ch is irritated, and hence the sickness. Following on this theory, I belie\'e that our efforts ought to be directed firstly towards counteracting the effects of the shaking by keeping the stom.:tch as quiet as possible, and next towards soothing the irritated condition of the mucous membrane of the stomach . Persons klole to sea-sickness, who are going for a sea voyage, ought to prepare themseh'es for it by taking a blue pill the day before, followed by a seidlitz powder in the morning. The next thing is to have a good meal before embarking, without, or only a very little, alcohol. I admit some people sayan empty stomach is the best, but I think otherwise-:t. full stomach is not so liable to be shaken abomas one half full or empty. It is a mistake to take a lot of liquor beforehand, though some do especially steerage passengers, and the sickness that follows is awful. A' good plan is to lie down on the b:t.ck in your oerth, and read if possible. Goingdown into the sa loon where the atmosphere is close and stuffy, and seeing a lot of other people sick, often brings on the illness, or watch ing the water , or sta nding at one end of the ,"essel. The best posit ion Ls amidships. ,Yhen, in spite of all these precautions, sickness actually comes on, there ... -e Yarious, what I may call, first aid remedies worth trying, and whi ch wi 11 0 ften be [u ccessf ul. Firstly,-the posit ion in the vessel-get in the middle of the vesselamidships-there is le=s motion than at either end. Secondly,-pay attention to the position of the patient, if possible, make him lie dO\Ill with head low and feet rai sed. I t is a good plan to apply pressure to the epigastrium, that is O\'er the stomach, either by Jlressing a cigar box, or something like it ju st beneath the ribs on the left side, or having a belt tightly fastened over it. A mustard leaf <J\'er the "pit of the stomach" is \'ery good. The following are beneficial, effen'escing drinks ""ithout any alcohol, cold tea with ice, and :ice itself; alcohol in any form is bad. Children are never sea-sick; women, as a rule, .lre \\'orse than men; pale, fla bby people are the worst, and red-faced people seem to escape more than anybody. I have said nothing about drugs, as they do not come under first aid treatment. The Americans have many remedies; hllt, unfortunately, m:t.ny of their so-called remedies require a doctor's assistance.

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St. jobn Btnblllance :f13rigabe. I\IETROPOLlTA~ CORPS . N Bank lIoliday last the Metropolitan Corps again undertook ambulance duty on the open spaces around L ondon. The work was not of ~uch a heavy character as usual, mailily owing, no doubt, to the uncertam character of the we:tther, and partly from the fact that at this season of the year a large number of tho.=e who frequent the open spaces on B •• nk lIolidays are away at the seaside. or ebewhere on their annual holiday. The chief superintendent rep(,rts the follo\~' ing casualties from the vari ous stations wh el e duty was undertaken : SY?\OPSIS OF C.\c:.j',S TRE.\TED.

CHT:'\GFOllll.

7. inci sed wounds; I alcohol; 2 sprain; 2 epilepsy; I \1<l SP sti ng; 1 famt; .J. lacerated wounds; 4 hysteria; I epistaxis; I concussion; I shock; I contused wound; I neuralgia.-Total 27. HAMPSTEAD. 7 incised wounds; 3 faint; S contused wounds' 2 concussion; I <l;calded foot.-Tota I 18. ' J3LACKHEATH. I Injury to spine; 5 contused wound s; I hyste ria' I toothache' 2 epilepsy; I concussion; 2 diarrhrea; I faint· 3 inci~ed wounds' ; lacerated wound.-Total 18. ' , The Ley ton and Leytonstonc,. Division of ~~e ;\1etropolitan Corps ;underto?k duty at the Ley ton I' lre Bngade I, ete, and rendered good service \11 several ca ses. CH 1LDRE:\ 'S HO:\fE DIV[SIO:\. The first meeting of the new Session of work in connect ion with the Ch.ildren's II ome I?ivision, ~l etropolitan Corps, St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade, was held 111 the lecture room of the lI ome at Bonner Road E., on Tu esday afternoon, September 4th. In the absence of the Rev:

AID.

[September, 1894.

Dr. Stevenson, President, lIon. Surgeon A. C . Tun stall, J'vLD. pl esided, supported by Chief Superintendent iV. J. Chmch Brasiel', Mr. Alan Palmer, lI on. Dist. Sec., S.J.A.A., Rev. G. Wh eeler, Dr. M. Claymont, and other friends. A large number of nmsing -isters were present, and amongst them Lady Supt. Sister Rita, Si,.;ter Emma and Miss Bourke. Dr. Tunstall, Chief Supt. Bra sier, and :\lr. Alan Palmer addressed the meeting, at the close of whi ch the Chief Supt. judg-ed a competition for Sergeant's rank amongst the male members ;f the D iv ision . The King Ed ward I nst itute Division (:\[etropo litan Corps) will be known in future as the" Toynbee Hall Dil'isioll."

----:0:---SY:\I O:\S ECCLES CBALLE:\CE CUP . I N our last issue " 'e stated th a t this Challenge Cup was won by the St. John's Gate Divi sion, under Supt. GOOdl1 in. Ina smuch, however, as the team was composed of reFresentative:; from mher divisions it ha s sin ce been decided by the judges that the te;\m shoulJ have b~en described as repre sen ting the :\[etropolitan Corps. PROVI~CIAL

CORPS.

H."RTFoRn.-On the 19th Augu st a meeting W:-IS hcld at Hertford StatlOll, G.E.R. when ~6 members who had allellded Lectures o-il'en by Dr. Boyd, a nd who had all pa ssed the Examinations held on ~he 2.J.Lh and 31st July, were present for the purpose of forming a Corps t o be called the " Hertford Division, G.F.R. Corps," and comprised of the employes of Hertford and i\'are Stations. :\[r.]. \YaL,un, Station :\[ aster, \Yare, was elected Chairman and Dr. l ~o)"d of i\'are, lI oll . Suro-eon. iIlr. iVilli am Skinner, Hertford, was appointed Chief Officer and :\1r. Gla sspoo le, Hertford, and :\1r. Tyler, \Yare, Joint Secreta ries. This Corps although only ju st started, ha s members who have already rendered" first aid." Three of the members at \\'are halinO" greatly assisted a poor felloll' lI·ho had hi s leg bwken and ,lIle at 11 el ~ ford who assisted a man that had burst ;; vari,'ose I'eill, and Ilhich might have prayed fatal had it not been seen to at once. ]\'" 0 RWTCH .-A very in teresting mecting in conneCli,)n with),'" 0 1"\1 ich Victoria Di vision (G. E. R.) of the St. J ohn ,\ m bu \ann: Erigade was held on the 22nd Augu st at Victoria Station, where the med·tllions of the St. John Ambulance Association were distributed . The President :\I. R. P. Ellis gave an in structive address in II hich he stated that ther~ wer.e 800 certificated members in connection "i eh the Company at vanous stations on the line. He presented :\[ r. Trory, the hon. secretary on behalf of the members, with a silver mounted walkincr slick as a token of the respect and high esteem in which he is held and as an acknowledgment of the indefatigable manner in Ilh ich he c;;rries out hi s duties. An exhibition of "first aid" was then gil'en and t~e med:tllions d istributed. ' PETERJ30RO UG H.-]\ t an ambulance demonstration at thistowll ill the begin nin g of Augu st there was a co mpetiti on bl!tween various teams in ~rs t aid work. The judge was Surgeon :\[aj or llutton, and the meetlllg was hon oured by the presence of the Bishop, the ;'Ifayor, Dr. Ca7hy, ;'I[r. J. R. John so n, &c. The competing teams were the G.E.R. Loco., the :\I.R. Loco., the G.:\T.R. Loco., St. :\ farks, and the Oueen Street " Bapti st ; " out of a poss ible 300 marks, the G.E. R. was fi-;:st with :!95 and the G.N.R. second with 280. Although the weather was wet, ~ large company assembled to witne ss the exhihition. REAIlI:--lG.-On August Bank Holiday a detachmen t of men were on duty at the Great Temperan ce Fete in Pros pect Park. Several min or cases ca ll ed for attenti on, but the 1110st ser i lLb lI'as that of the military bandmaster II'ho wa s seized wilh a fit while cdnductin&" h is band. H e was at once attended to and c.lrAlilly treakd till he qUite recovered. A letter of thank s was received from the ReadinO" Temperance Society thanking the co rp , for its sen'icC!3. '" Since the formation of this corps (six months ago) 23 cases have been treated by various members. Sqmds h ave been sent on each Bank H oliday to th e various parks, &c., wh en th ey have oeen able to render" First Aid" trea t ment in seve ral cases. VV ELLI~GBORouGH. -Dur i n g the p:tst month spec ial detachments h ave been on duty, viz., August 25th at Conservative demonstration at the T own Gr0und. and Corn Exchange, Wellingborough ; September 8, Annual AthletIC ~port ~, YVellin gborough. t}n Sund,ty, August 26th twelve members III u~ l form co ll ecte~l at th~ Concert given by the full b:l.ll~ of the 1st V.B. ~orth~mpton shlre Reglll~ e n t for the Infi rmary, on the 1 0wn Ground, a nd rece ived from the publiC /,":!o for this ex ce llent county instit uti on . On ~aturday, September 1st, the Corps p.traded at the headqua rters. III full unlfolm with ha\'l"e si\cs and waterhottles, horse ambulance, &c., for a march out to the villao-e of , ViI by. A start was made at 2 p.m. , under the comm:lnd of Ch~f STuperinLendent \Vo?lston, Su.perint~nd~nt l-l ilton, and Super intendent ~Ichol~on. 01.1 :trrIv;tl at the.lr dest lllat lUn the large h osp ital tent wa s Imn;edwtely pitched and. dnlls were commenced, marching pa st in section column, wa gon, !ttter, and hand ~ea t drill and takin CT l)ost on . I1t o.( woun d ed ,were all practised; . , men \I'ere '" enterrIg afterwards the tained by their office:'s under the ancient mulberry tree i:-r the garden

Septem bc r,

I S94 .J

FIRST

pJ- I D .

10 ---

of the Gcorge In n. I\t 7 a start w:t.s m:t.ue and the corps m:t.rched into the yard at headquartcr s at 8 p.m. T he Re cLor of \Vil by was presen t with hi s wife, and expressed himself much interested and pleased with the drills and general smart turn out, and has promi sed to do his best to help the Centre in its endea\'our to hold" First Aid" classes during the winter in \Yilby, and as he is a kin sma n of Sir Edward Lechmere. we feel sure we sh,tll have a division of the Corps in the villao-e by another year. The 11l5pection of the Corps wa s to have bee~ on September 1, but was postponed to the 15th. ii' J~SFOIm.-Copy of Letter from Judge iVynne Ffoulkes, Old Northgate IIouse, Chester, ,\ugust 29th, r89.J.. Dear Sir.-I beg you to accept yourself and to convey to those members of the vVin sford Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade who assisted you, my very sincere and grateful thank s for the efficient and ,'aluable services whi ch you so qu ickly and so kindly ren dered to my mher on the occasion of his serious accident on Wednesday the 15th of thi s month . By your skill and attention his sufferings were greatly mitigated and his journey home was rendered as easy and comfortable as was possible under the circumstances. \ Yhen 1 lhink of "hat a sufferer under silllilar circ umstances some 20 years ago would have had to go through I can scarcely find words to express my sense of the inestimable \'alue o f such a society as yours for the relief of suffer ing and of the generous and Christian spirit in whi ch that relie f was administered in this p:t.rticular in stance, and as some proof of this and of my admiration of the skill shown in your management of the case, I beg to enclose a cheque [or £3 as a donation to your excellent and admirable corps. I remain yours very faithfully, (Sig-ned) W. Wynne Ffoulkes, Judge. ' To fIlr. C . Hea thcote. The accident to which the above refer s was caused by the horse attached to the brougl1am in which the judge; was riding, bolting, and causing the u"her orr. W. Ford) to be pitched out, with the result that his leg \\'as broken . First aid was promptly rendered by Messrs. lleathcote, :\I ulloch and Boden, members of the \\'in sford Corps. ST . JOH=" i\~lI!\"LA"CE STAT10~S are oein a introduced into a aood many of the hrger 10c:t.1 Agricultural ShOll'S. t'or the last two years ~hey have been established at the Yorkshire and the \Vi rrall Show at Birkenhead. l\t the recent Durham County ACTricultural Show held this month at South Shields extending O\'er l\~0 days the followinocases we re treated :-Compound fracture of sk ull from kick of horse I ~ wounds, 2; Bites of Dogs, 3.-Total 6. The fra ctu re of the skull ~\'a~ remO\'ed by the Ambulance men to the hospital. The station was under the supen'ision of :\[r. C. IV. IIarrison and :\[r. Paae and 9 men belonging to the Life Brigade and River Police. '"

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St. jobn tl111blllance Bssociation.

interesting gathering was recently held at "Heathlands," . IJampsteall Ueath, when, by the kind invitation o[ Hugh I\latheson, j'.sq., J. P., and ;\Irs. .'rlatheson , the present and former members. of the S. Div. l\m bulance Classes, held in the Trinity Lecture lIall, High Street, by Dr. Cook, received their certifiu'"ltes and medals. , \ large company assem bled, both of members of the Force and of outside friends interested in the movement. Supt. Be..1.rd and many of the officers were also present. '\[rs. ~Iatheson handed the c~rtificates and :11ed:~ls ~o the s.uccessf~il compe~itors. A m~st enjoyable time was spent III \"Ie~\"Ing vanous objects of II1terest proYlded microscopes, galvanic ba tteries, &c., and \\arm thanks are due to th'ose who kindly provided such a pleasant time, as well as to Dr. Cook for the \'aluable in struction gi\"en by him at the classes.-On al/d Off Dill,., Sept., 189+ . AT Bournemou th, on Saturday, the loth in st., the fir st of the Lifeboat Saturday demonstrations real ized about /,"100 in co llect ions. A long procession perambulated the streets, and an exhibition of rescue work " 'as gil'en orf the pier by lifebo:t.tmen and members of the St. J ohn Ambulance A~sociation, in the presence of tholls:t.nds of spectators the town oeing very full of visitors. ' I-,IALTFAX.-.\t the" Life boat Saturday,". ~eld here on 1st Sept., we notlc~ that thel:e was an an~bulance co mpetition between three squads, the wlI1n ers Lemg the PolIce Squad, WIth the squad from Stainland second .. Dr. :'3ro\\"n, of Braclfol:d, who was the judge, complimen ted t h em on t~ell' satlsfa ctorx wor k, ' pollltin g out that the police had excelled in stead lll ess and com bll1ed movements. Dr. J . Cross ley vVri CTht crave the . '" '" pnzes.

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illl'ill @l't1er~. VOLUNTEER A:\mULANCE SCHOOL OF I~STRUCTroN. President: Major Andre"ll' Maclure, late L.S.V.R. The next class for the training of stretcher bearers of units will be ~71d at the headquarters. o~ the L?ndon, Rifle Brigade, Bunhill R ow, ~ 11l sb ury, E.C., by.perml~slOn of Lie ut .-Co l. Cholomondely, CommanclIllg the London RI~e ~ngade, co mmen cing at 7.30 p.m., on Monday, O ctober I st. App~ l ca ;lOn forms can be ,obtained of Surgeon-Captain R. R. Sleman, Arllsts R .V., 7, St. Ben et Place Gracechurch Street E.C., or. Colour-Sergeant C. J. Downer, Lon don 'Scott ish R.V., Fair~ field, Willesden Park, N.W.-By order, H. F . Stokes, Surgeor:-:\1ajor A.M.R., Senior :\1edi ca l Office r Instructor.

------~"

jfirst Bil) 11~eCorb. [ I Ve t"lItl!lld pltblishiJll{ a record from mOl/th to month of all cases whiCH come 10 our 1Iotice, in which First Aid l'e/lllt-red by AlIllmlallre pupils has beell of valuable assistallce. IVe ask oll r 1'eaders 10 help liS b)' sendillg f al,ticulm's of all slich cases. ]

MARGATE.-On Tuesday, as a boy named Stephen :\hxted was rid ing a horse and leading two others belonging to i\Ir. J. Feakins, in King Street, the latter pressed against him and caused him to collide with the wheel of a cart belonging to Captain Hatfield. His left leg was thus injured, and he was conveyed to the Cottage IIospital by two members of the Ambulance Corps, yiz., :\Iessrs. Troughton and Philpott, when, fortunately, it was found that his injuries were not of a serious character. i\ IORECA:vJ BE BAY BOATr:-lG DTsAsTER.-The rescued persons were remol'ed with the utmost promptitude to the houses at which they are stay ing, with the exception of i\liss \Valker and the two children of ::vIr. Brierley. These were taken to the Bath Hotel in Xorthumberland Street, where for three hours :\Ii s5 'W alker's life hung in the balance_ Poli ce-constable Johnson, In spector Lamb, and a boatman named Adam \Yo odhouse, jun., worked at the Sylvester method of artificiat respiration for the whole of that period, and la boured without cessation, whilst the perspiration poured down their faces. Eventually they had the sat isfaction of restoring consciousness, and the medical gentlemen spoke in terms of the highest praise of their work.-Brariford Obsert'er, September 4th. READT:: G.- On Tu esday e~'ening, .I.J.th ult., Alfred Cook, horse-boy, was standll1g between the ralls and the platform at the down G.\Y.R. Station, Reading, amusing himself with a dog, when a pilot-engine came along, and he was struck on the forehe:t.d by the buffer plank, and knocked down under the platform. " First Aid" was quickly rendered by ticket-collector Hale, and the unfortunate lad was at once remo\'ed to the hospital, where he succumbed to his injuri es on the 17th inst.Railway Herald. SHTELDS.-On Monday, 27th August, about 5.30 p.m. as the \\"ork-

me~'s ~oat from)arrow arri\'ed at Tyn e Dock, a cry for h~lpwas heard,

which, ~t tr~nsplred, was from a boy about 12 years of age, who was strugglll1g )~ the water. One of ~he passeng~rs, :\1r. Thomas),'" ewby, of South Shields, who was returnll1g from hls day's work without a moment's hesitation, jumped from the rail of the steame~ on to the landing stage, and then diyed into the w:t.ter without ha\"inO" divested himself of any of his heavy clothing. After' swimm in CT a distance of some thirty yards, he came up to the boy, whom he, after a desperate effort, succeeded in. safely getting ashore. On returning to the bnding he ' fo~nd that the rIyer steamer had resumed its journey without waiting for hll11, and as a consequence had to walk in his wet clothino- to his home, 12, John Street, South .Shields. ;\1:. :\Tewby's task in r~scuing the boy \I'as rendered more difficult than It would ha\'e otherwise been by the frantic struggles of the boy, who got one of his rescuer's fino-ers in his mouth and bit it se\·erely. ,\Ir. Xewby is a Deputy Captai~ of the South Shields \ 70l unteer Life Brigade and a member of the St. John Ambulance Association .-It is a somewhat sino-ular coincidence that on ~Ionda~', the. day on which ~eputy-Captai';; :\ewby, of the Sout? ShIelds Life BrIgade, saved the .!Jf~ of a child by jumping into the rIver from a stea~er, Deputy-Captall1 James Page, wh o is at present staYlllg at Roth s,1.Y, Jl1 Scotland, was out fishing in the Bay, when h e observed a boy fall from a jetty in to the sea. \\' ithout a moment's consideration, Mr. Page dived from his b:)at, and swam ashore with th.e boy, whom h e subsequently restored by treating him under the rules of the St. John \mbulance Association.-Shields Telegraph. S\\"INDO:--l.-On Friday afternoon, 31st ult., a sad accident happened to George Pegler, aged 27, a q- .W.R. employe. He was on the permanent way, and as a pilot engll1e \\'Ith some trucks was proceedinO" up the line for the carriage department he jumped on the footboard ofone of the trucks. Pegler is a sLOut-built man, weighin g some 17 stone, and he had scarcely got a hold before he fell to the ground. The result was he w:t.s thrown beneath the wheels, and received shocki n a injuries. IJi s right leg was so seriously injured that it was found ne~essary to amputate the limb, and the left foot \\"as also badly crushed . Se\'eral member s of the Ambulan ce Corps among the sta ff on the line rendered the unfortunate man every assistance, and removed him to the G. \V .R. :\led ical Fund Hospit:t.I, where he lies in a critical condition .-Rai/way Hera/d. WELLlNGJ30ROUG H. - On August 2.J.th, G. Perci \':tl, of the villao-e of Irchester, fell and fractured his knee cap, was seen by nearest surgeon of neighbouring village, and ordered to :\Torthamptcn Infirmary. On the next day the R ector of 1rchester sent application for wao-on which was immediately sen t off in cha rge of Staff Sergeant Clars~n ~nd E. Smeath ers (cyclist). The men fou nd the patient without splint or bandage; these were at once a pplied by them, patient loaded, and delivered at Infirmary, Northampton ( 13 miles), the house surgeon apprO\'inO" of the way the men had fixed up the injured kn ee. '"

FIRST AID.

Sunday:!Gth.-The Corps recei\'ed a ca ll at +.10 p.m. to :'Iessrs. BuLlin's furnaces. George C Urli s was pulling out a " runner" \\'hen he stumbled and f<.:ll back \\'ards, his he:tLI coming in to \' iolent con ta ct with a hot cinder truck, resulting in bad scalp wound, and sligh t fractured skull. Dr. \\'. 1\'. Clark, Superintendent lIilton, cycli st Laurence, Fran cis and Gregso n, were soon on the spot, and First ~\id \\'as rend ered. This was no sl ight duty, as the p;ttient bec:tme most violent, but the men worked quick ly, quietly and skilfu lly (the resu lt of trainin g and discipline), and soon had their pCltient out of the furnace y;trd and on the ,,"heeled litler, con\'eyed him to the headquarters, where further in structions from the doctor were carried Ollt by Chief Superintendent 'Voolston; he l\\'as then conveyed to the l\'orthampton I nfirmary in the II orse Ambulance (10 mile s). Ie is sat ishctory to know that both these patients ale going on wel l.

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·n~e"iew5. ,Noles Oil the T reatmellt of Cases of l>oisOllill,~ or Surgeons alla O/licers OJ the St. John Ambulance Brigade (arrall/red ~J' A. C. Tunstall, J1I. D., FR. C.S.E., alld F. :J. lVarwick, B.A., N. B., 111.R. C. S. , alld pu.bltshed by Afessrs. ..dllm 9' III/l/ bul)', Ltd., rlolt.r;h COltrl) .

E are fa\'oured with an e;trly copy of the above, in the introduction to which the authors state that their object has been not to furni sh a complete treatise on Poi :;ons, but only ready and reliable N otes compiled from the best soarces for the efficient treatment of cases of poisoning. As stated on the title pagc these notes are mcant [or laymen as \\ ell as surgeons, and with a view to this the suhject matter has been placed in three separate columns: -Thc spccial poisons; thcir gencral treatment; their treatment by the surgeon on ly. Further, the gcneral treatment recommcnded is th oroughiy reliable yct perfectly h a rml ess, and can be safely adopted by any individual of average intelligence; on the other hand the spec ial treatment advocated for every form of poisoning is very properly kept perfectly di::.tillct in a separate column and reserved only for the surgeon , ..\ bout 70 poisons arc mentioned in the list, wh ile the index, which is "ery copious, contains references to over 300 drugs, domestic remcdies, and proprietary articles in general use. To the First-aider, whose knowledge of th e tr eatment of poisoning ha s been gained mainly from the peru sa l of the usu:l1 well-kn own tcxt book, \Ie can confidently recommend these I\otes, "hich serve as a .capital example of what instruction meant for the efficient teaching of First Aid ough t reall y to be, viz., clear, relia.ble, and to the point. Messrs. Allen & Hanbury publi h the Totes in a neat and h andy fo rm, and in conformity with Shepherd's" /\i ds for First Irelp to the '\\'ounded ." SDIPLE CURE FORl\'OSEBLEED-" A few WCeks ago," says a corrcspondent in the Philadelph ia 7t.ecord," I saw a crowd collected around acarriage in front o[ a doctor's office. Pu shing my \\'ay into the cro \\'d I saw a \'ery pale young man in the C<1.lTiage, sulfer in g from nosebleed, holding {lut the forefinger of each hand to a gentleman, evidently the physician, who was engaged in tyi ng thelll together II itlt a strin g placed arou nd the last joint of each fin ger. [ a"kcd him if that would cure nosebleed and he answered curtly: 'Yes.' [waited a few minutes and saw the .cure affected. A few cbtys later f tried the remedy on my office boy, who had a se\'ere case o[ nosebleed, and it cu red him almost immediately. "-.fnsurallce Ecollomist. [This is "ery American, and we cannot recommend it to fir st-a iders in thi s co untry.-ED.]

:\llss FLORENCE 'TGllTl:"<GALE A:"<D OLD SOLlJlERS.-At a meeting in Birmingham on Friday night, to make arrangements for a guald of veterans at the a pproachin g R oyal \'isit, th e chail man read a leLLer from Mi ss Florence Pi igh tingal e :-" I have received your kind letter. J am always full of work, which I am thankful I am still ab le to do, though -a prisoner from illness to my room. Yet 1 ca nn ot help send ing, as you desire, a greeting to myoid comrades. And let me remind them tl1:l.t we can hght still, th ough not in war, the 'good fight of faith,' the faith that God is on om side. And we must be on H is side, and not go over to the enemy. If every man, woman, and ch ild did thi s wh o say the prayer, 'Thy Kin gdom com<:,' why, the Kin gdom of IIeaven wou ld come' within ,' and then we sho uld make it without too. God speed you. The faithful servant of our sold iers, FLORE:"<CE ;\rGlITT NGALE.' ' - ~VIlI'wick A cLvC1'liser . :\OTICE. This Journal will be published on or about the 15th of the month. Advertisements (terms on application) and contributions should be scnt in by the 10th.

[September, 1894. ~m:tf)at tfJe)1 tfJinft of U~.

IVE a re ill receip t of many letters of congl'atulatio'1 [rom am bulan ce workers in all pa rt s of the Kin gdom showing that there has lon o' been a needof such a medium, and there is no doubt FIRST 1\111 will prove a \'ery va.luable adjunct a nd wi~l b~ the means of enlarging the sphe.re o [ hbour ,n the good Clllse. YV e gl\'e a few extracts from Idters recel \'ed : ~hljor Andrcw i\faclurc, PI'eside nt of the Volullteer Ambulancc School of In struction writes, "r am very pleased with FIRST i \ID and shall stl'Ongly adv ise ambula nce vol unteers tc) ta ke samc regularl),." :WI'. H enry Ri ts)n , Sundcrland, "I am ex!,.ellle~1' plc;lsed with F msT Am." F. II., Victoria Do cks, " Wi sh you everysli ccess." W. G. If. (I\.L. R .), Bow, " \V e like th e idc:!. very m uch." J. S., Dudlcy, " It \\ill be a very gre;tt h elp to our movement." F. G . R. , \\'esLiJ<lurne r;uk (G.\V.R.), "Shall be glad to make it known ." Capt. F., ,. Il eallil)' wi sh it cvery success." \V. II. \V., "Should like to congratltiaLe )'()1I 011 the <Yood start you Ilavc ma d e." S . i\. IC .," \ ' ou dcsen'e :til thanks f,)r the "lde:t, and I [or one sincerely \\ ish you every success." A. IT. S. IV ., " T am pleased to rece ive YOllr n cw \'cnture." J. C., IIanley, " I am su re in sLlch able h ands it will ha\'e a great future." E. I ~. J., ""'i sh you every success wi th iL" S.P.B., Reading, "I am gbd to sec your new paper." G. C., Bra.lIJOId, " I predict a large circ u lat ion; it will supply a long fe lt wnnt." C. E., I farrogate, " J llst what \\,;l Sn ecded to strengthen the work ." J . I.T ., Cardiff,""\ much nceded want supplied." L. F., Birmin gham, " First class thought." A. D., \" oreester, "Very glad to hear you have started this Journal." 1\. \V. , Farnham, " \\,i shing the new paper cI'ery success." I~. G., Gla sgO I\', ",\ capital idea." C. II., ,\,in sford, " ft will supply a lon g felt \\'~IIIt." :\. 11. , ;\01 tham ptrlll , " ilIuch n eeded." T. If. \\'., \\'elli ngborollgh," \ 'e:y good." T. \1 c. :\1., Brighton, " Mu st congratulate you on appearance of nell' Journ.d."

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS Will be paid to the Representat ives o[ the purchaser o[ FIRST AID in case of death as provided below, by The Sickness and Accident Assurance Association, Ltd. II ead O ffi ce :-2+, YORK PLACE, Em. nURG H. London Office :-64, MOORGATE STREET, L O.NDON, E.C. To whom not ice of Claims under the follo\ling condltlOns must be sent ,,' [TIlT N THREE DAYS. Applicable to Passenger Trains in Great Britain & Ireland. ONE HUNDRED POUNDS wil l be paid by t he aboye Insurance Company to the Legal reprcsentatives o f any person killed by an acc ident to the tra in in which the deceased was a n ordinary passenger , or who shall h ave been fa tally injUled thereby, shou ld death resu lt within 24 h ours a fter such accident. Provided that at the time of such acci dent the person so killed or fatally injured was the owner of FIRST AID for the current month, contain ing this Coupon legi hly signed with hi s or h er usual signature in ink or pencil, both tim e and sign ature being of th e essence of the contract.

£100

Slgllature........................................................................... ......... ......................................... ,.. .

AddreSS ....................... . Thi s In surance is limited to one Coupon to each holder, and is not in\'alidated by any In surance with thi s or any other Accident Com pa ny. It is subj ect to the ord inary cond itions of th e Assoc iation's ,\ cc iden t P olicies, and is in force from midn ight, 15th Septem IJe r, 189 h lin ti I midni ght, 15th October, r89+.

NOTICES TO

CORRESPO~DENTS.

Letters to the Eddors must be wrz'Lteu 011 oue szde oj the !Japer 01l1y, and must be accolll.ja712'ed hy tile name (71Id address oj the sender, as a guarrl1ltee oj goo d jaz'th. He do /lot 1lecessanJy zde71tify Olt1'Sel7Jes 1fJlil, the Vlews Izeld by our con-esjolldellts,

Al SVVERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. G , A., 'N. C.W ., C, n., and m;tnyothers. Mu ch obliged for notes a nd cuttings. E. Y.-The medallion ca nn ot be worn as a deco ra ti on, but si mply as an ornamellt. Thanks for cutting . R. R. S . Ylu ch obliged. Shall be pl eased to receive promi sed arti cle.

l'l'intcd for lhe l'l'opl'Ict ors by W. J. GOODE 89 , (;lcl'keDwell Road, and publi shed by ALili PolLYI!R, at 11 , Ludgatc Hill, Fl.C.

FIRST AID • JOURNAL

No. 4.-VOL. I.

DEVOTED TO AMBULANCE W'ORK.

[Entered at StatiOllers' Hall]

OCTOBER, 1894.

PRICE ONE PENNY.

SPECIAL NOTICES. Registered Telegraphic Addres s - " ARTERY, LO NDON." Arrangements have been made with Messrs. W. H. Smith C'{, Son to have " First Ald l: on s'l.le at their bookstalls throug-hout the Kingdom. It may also be obtained at Messrs. WillIng ' s bookstalls.

a new constitution was adopted by the A ssociation ... Instruction in hom e nursing and hygiene, as an auxl~lary to ambulan ce instructi on , has been added to the objects of the Association, and the Executi\'e Committee h opes to see a n adyance made in this new department.

\Ve take this opportunity of again r emi nding our r e ~d ers th~t this j ournal is not th e official orga n o f :lDy Society or Assoc ia tion, its columns be ing open to the members of any first aid body, military or ciyilian. \Ve shall, at all times, be glad to r eceiYe ite ms of news from any source lik ely to interest our yaried subscribers and read ers.

\Vhen the A ssoc iatio n was formed there was n ot an ambulance waO'on in Scotland. ~ ow few districts arc b to be found without them. The.3e \\'Jgons can be c~l1cd for by any person by day or night ,,-ithin the bou[~d~11:ics of each Cen tre free of all cost and respons lb lbty. In 1882 the Glasgow Centre purchased a ,yagon of the H oward pattern; now it has three wagons specially built by l\Ir. \Villiam H olmes In-ine, and. these contain all the latest improyem en ts and are conslc1e~ed just about as p erfec t as ambulance \\'~gons can be . 1 he number of turns out in Glasgo\\' for la t year was 17 2 ?, or an ayerage of fiye per day, The \\'agons are kept 111 the stables of the GlasO'ow Tramway and Omnibus Comb pany, Limited, and h orses stand. ready ~1arnessed, so that wagons may proceed to an aCCIdent 'nthout delay. To show h ow expeditiously they turn out, a 'y~gon can reach an acciden t in the centre of the city in a bou t fi \-e minutes , and in the outh'incr districts in fifteen minutes. .1 1':> The wacrons are alwdYs in charge of 3.n attendant wbo has rec;iyed a thorough training in fir t aid. The Association supplies stretch ers fo r ordina ry purpo es, for use by police, in ship , and in m ines, as well as an ambubnce box containing all appliances necessary for re nd erincr first aid , with bO'e neral instructions included, b The h ead offices of th e Association are at 103, \V est R e'Tent Street , Gla bO'ow, and Mc Andrew H ende rson is b [he Chief Secretary,

~t. ~nt:rrc[l)'~

·%t!lluulanc£ ~~~ociation.

H E ~-\ ssociation was formed in Glasgow in the yea r 1882, The objects of the Association were twofo ld, n am cly: --

1. In struction in am bula nee duties by the establ ish ment of classes, to enable the members thereof to render in telligen t first aid to persons acc identally injured , pending the arri\'a l of a medical man, and 11. The placing of stretchers, ambubnce wagons, and other appliances, necessary for the relief of the injured, in such situations as may be considered ad\'isable to enable assistance to be gi\'en with the least possible deby.

W e propose in thi s article to describe the progress which th e .A sociation has made since its formation, and shall tJ.ke the objects in their orde r. I -"FmST .-\ II) " CLASSES. Thc Executivc COl11ll1itLee immetliatdy after its a?pointment drew up a sylbbu of lectures on "first aid ." It consists of ix lectures wit h four practical demonstrations, fo ll owed by Ia n exam ination. A few ye~rs :1fterwards a second cxam in ation was instituted, at which those wh o obt:1 in ed certificates in a preyiou s session up on again presenting themsch'es might ?btain the medallion of the A ssoc iati o n During the fir st session ( 1882-3) seve n cbsses were h eld, all in Glasgow, atte nded by 5+0 pupils, The Associdtiol1, which at first confined its \\' or k to Glasgow, rapidly extended itself, and 11:1s n ow upward of thirty Centres in Scotland , three in England and one abroad. To show the progress made, it m ay be suffi cie nt to state that for the year ending in l\Iay last 201 ciasses were held und er th e auspices ot the r\.ssoc iation The number ot pupils train ed was .~,+ 8 4, making a grand t otal of 51 ,I 33 sin ce its formation. Th e Assoc iation has at various times publish ed pamphlets J.nd bo oks. Am ong others may be m en tioned, "How to form a Centre,!! "How to form a Class on First Aid," and" H ow to form a Class on Home Nursing and Hygien e." The Association also publishes the Ambulance Handbook, by Dr. George T. Beatson, the third edition of whi ch, completing 15,000 has r ecently been issued. This bo ok has been most favourably received by the press and is considered one of the most complete handbooks of . the kind. The Association has just published a Manual of Strctcher Drill and Exer cis es by Dr. John Ewan Brodie, and with the vi ew of simplifying the drill it contains illustrations of the various positions of a str etcher d etachme nt and of improvised st retchers, A set of five wall diagram s has also been prepared for the use of lecturers. In 1ay last

II.--THE C O).'\-EY_\).'CE OF THE I).' ]URED ,

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laailluall acc{iHnt at NortfJallctton. F we had been gifted with the power of prophGcy or fore sight, w~ could not ha\'e writ ten a more appropr iate article than the on~ whi ch appeared in our last issue, looking at the accident that happened on the Great Xorthern R ailway near :\"orthallel'lOn, on the +th ll1Sl., at which a Director of the Company nnd two Cabinet :'Ii nisters had the! misfortune to be present. ~\t three in the morning an express traili com posed o[ tll'O engines and fourteen carriage:, ca rrying- 150 [lassengersj dashed into a goods train which was being shunted to allow It to pass by. Both engines \\'ere thrown off the line, and broken up . The twa carria<Ycs followina' were also smashed, one, the bra ke \'an carryll1g the '" ..J .. guard'",\'ho fortunately escaped, and the other a 3ru cIass COI1Lall~ll1g three pa ssengers, wh o luckily were thrown out WIth only a shakll1g. The only persons wh o received inj urics were the drivers and stokers. It appears to us that the rea son \\ hy no more people were hurt W :loS that there were two enO'ines (instead of one), thus breaking the force of the blow, and also "'that the Pullman car from its great strength protected the hinder part of the train. \\'e were naturally anxious to see what was done in the way of organized first aid assistan:e. \Ve read " I mmediately after the accident telegr31l1s were scnt to ::\ ortha lIerton, DarlillO'ton and York for ass istance. Mr.:\L lhines, superintendent , of the '"permanent way at l\ortha llerton , was very soon upon the spOt wi th a band of \\'illing he lpers. IIe had the injured conveyed to lhe h ospital and some forty of the pa sse nger s, principally bdies, were (~ken to hi s h~use, wh ere they received every attention." . \\Te do not 0 bsen'e any menti on of mcmbers of an al11bulan~e corps be m. cr. present, or that stretchers were brought, a nd the a ppltances requIsite for such nn accident. 'vVe g ive credit for the" band of willing 1.lelpers," but could they lift and carry people and handle strctchers li1 a pn~per way? IV e shou ld like to knoll' how the man With the broken thigh, whom Lord Hindlip mentions, got 011. Does Mr. 1\1. Baines hold an :uubu -

FIRST AID. bnce c,::~tifi~.lte? We s:10,lld be greJ.tly ob:iged if any correspondent could give us a correct account of the first aid that was rendered, and whether there was a good supply of proper appliances . Until we get this information we are afraid that we mu t wi thhold any further comments upon the Great :\"orthern Comp:tny's ide:1s of first aid. It is now just over ten years ago since the q uc~tion of railway ambulance \\'a5 first brought prominently forward by the llte Baron :\I undy, and the p.·esent seems an appropriate lime to sugaest what might and ought to be done by each railway comp:tny in this matter. Firstly, as reO'ards men. Ambulance corps ought to be pro"ided at yarious depots throughout the line, consisting of men trained in ambulance work, and especially in lifting the woanded in and out of raihl-ay carriages, and also practised in getting- p:1tients out of the midst of wreckage, broken carriages, &:c. It is qui te impos ible for two or three doctors to do this work; it requires men who are accustomed to it, and not merely" bands of willing helpers," who may not luve kid the slightest practice beforelund. Surgeons of 0:lr5::: must be p,'e5en t to superinte~d the operations, and d·) what is necess:t ry in their own de?:trtment. Secondly, as regards the plant required. l\t e.lch depot there ought to be (1st) an ordinary ambulance wagon, one, two or more, as may be deemed necessary; (2nd) a railway wagon fitted u? as a small hospital with beds and appliances; (3rd) boxes or hampers containing dressings, splints, instruments, drugs, &:c. On the receipt of a telegram from the scene of the accident at the nearest depots, the railway ambulance wagon, the ordinary ambulance wagon, and the hampers with a p :'oper staff of S;st-aiders, ought to be ready to be de:;patched within a short time. 'I he names and addresse3 of all those willing to sel'\'e and also those of the surgeons should be kept in a register so that they can be called on ina very short space of time. Railway comp:tnies C:1n obtain plenty of information on the subject from many authorities, one of whom we may mention is Surgeon-General Longmore. Thi matter has been talked about for many years, and we think that what is now wanted is " ada, 11 0:. ~'e roa. "

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Qroofdll!J for linbaHll$ nnll tDe ~idt. To thJ Edtiors of FIRST Am. DEAR STRs,-It is lI'ith great pleasure that I have scanned over the p:tge5 of your initial numhers, and beg to offer you my congratulations for the bu siness-like and yigorous style they present. I should like to suggest that the introduction of a little of the above I\'ould be of considera.b\e value to some who h:l\'e tOfrovide for capricious appetites and hstldlOus tastes. In the co"lrse 0 ~ lengthy career in the culinary profession I ha\'e c:ueful\y collected fro\11 my own, and the experiences of others, a num?er of receipts for dishes that have been specially prepared for InvalJds, and been regarded even by the most capricious as dainty fea sts. I should .like to enclose you the followingasan earnest of what mIght be forthcomll1g in the future. " ' ishing you every success in your venture, I am, yours obediently, T . F. GARRETT ("Chef Royal"), Editor of the EnC}'clopccdia of Practical Cooking, &c. VEAL

CREA~ 1

SOUP.

T~i s is not only.delicate in flavour, but exceedingly nutritious, and is

a ul11versal favounte amongst those who hal'e been accustomed to hiah feeding. '" .l\Iinc~ very finely about i -lb. of lean veal, and put it into a small pan WIth a pll1t of cold water or some of the stock in which veal , especially the knuck~e, .has . been bOIled . Chop up abou t a square inch of turnip and put thl.s !1l WIth the veal, and a piece of mace not larger than the nail of yoyr .lIttle finger, also as much salt as would rest on a sixpence. Let thIS sl~mer n~ar the f:re for three 01' four hours. At the expiration of that tIme strall1 the lIquor, and in that dissolve a dessert-spoon ful of best tapioca, previously moistened with a little cold water and boil for a few minutes, to cook the tapioca. Put the yolk of a new~laid egg into a small cup, and mix with it a t.1.ble-spoonful of cream. Add some of the so.up, little by little, stirring thoroughly, and then mix altogther, removll~~ the saucep~n from the fire. Salt may be added to taste, and the addIti onal fla 1'0urll1g of one drop of essence of lemon will complete a very nice food. . Should it. be desirab.le to serve cold in the form of a jelly, then add, ~hssolved jWlth the tapIOca, a pll1ch or two of best isinglass. Poured Into a small mould, and turned out neatly, this is very appetising. DIGESTIVE BEEF TEA. . Fi~ely mince up half pound of juicy beef flesh and put it into a stone of water, and a small pinch of salt. Put thI S in the o\'en for a few minutes to warm the water and then add five d.rops of hydrochloric acid. Thel~ c<?\'er an~ leave i~ a warm place for SIX or seven hours. Before thIS IS reqUIred for use, put it into a moderate oven for two hours. Remove and strain. Serve luke warm.

Ja~ WIth one clove and a pint

:\AT.W:-;AL H EALTli SOCIETY·-ST. JOH:-J "\~lB ULANC;E BR1CADE AND 1:- fRST AID RECOlw. -\V e have received articles for insertion

under these headings too late to be gi\'en in this month's issue.

[October, 18 94.

FIRST AID. singin g" For he's a jolly good fellow," and many congratulations fo!I lowed. Duri ng' the in terva 1 the Brigade Band performed sel'era 1 st. jobn Bnlbulance Bssociation.

October, 1894.]

selections, which were well recei \'ed.

drire )$rigalJe N ote~t .\T a Fire Brigade Competition held at Ryde, I sle o f Wight, the Ambulance Competition was won by the Nell port Brigade, that of Sand hurst b:::inO' second. CHIEF S '1' r. CHURCH BRASIER is now compiling his annual report of the :\m bulance Dep:1rtment of the C'nion. There are still lll:1lly Brigades, the members of which h:1\'e n ot already registered their names . :\s he is anxious to make the rep ort as correct as possible, he would be glad if officers wo:tld kindly send in the names of thei r am bulance members at as e:trly a d:tte as po .;sible, gil'ing also a brief report of an}' cases of first aid they may h,we attended to during the past y ea r. A! the annual meeting of the Chester \ 701unteer Fire Brigade, a speCial fea Lure in the proceedin r;s was the presentation of a steel axe to Surgeon -Li:::ut. Harrison, to 1I'110m the members of the Brigade are indebted for their instruction in ambulance work. THE classes ju st formed in connection with the :'IIetropolitan Fire Brigade promise to be some of the most successful yet held in COIlllection .wi th t~e Brigade. The work is being most keenly taken up , and Engmeer h.oesell will prove a first-class secretary. I HEAR that the Leicester Centre Challenge Shield, which has been won by the Borough of Leicester Fire Brigade Division this year, is to b.e presented by the :'I1ayor and i\Iayoress on the 15th inst., al so the Sl h'er medals . At the same time there will be a display by the police and firemen, who will enact a fire scene.

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:JJir»t ~ti) in ElectriC ~ccibent~. \\'e are indebted to The Lancet for the following:i:J" OR the information of those who are not medical men and elec. fl . trici~ns the article on the Pathology and Treatment of Electric ACCld~nts m Tile LaJlcet of ,\ug. ~5th may be suiubly supplemented by bnefly adl'ertmg to the question of fir~t aid in such caseo', allLl to certain risks attendant thereon. It is ob\'ious that the first thing to do i; to detach the body of the victim from the circuit with which it is in con tact ; b~t it is equally obvious that, as that body is forming part 01 the CIrCUit, It would be dangerous Lv toUell the skin with hare banu s in asmuch as anyone doing so would thereby" shunt" a pa ltiu;l of th~ curr~dnt thbrlough his own body. The clothing, jf dry, lIould afford a cons] era e, but not qUite adeq uate, protection; it is, therefore necessary to llUprOl'lSe some kll1d of insulation for the hands oi the lescuer. Further! as is well kn.own, the mu scl~s . of a body tra I'er sed hy an alternatll1g current of hIgh tensIon rern a 111 111 a state uf tonic contraction. In other words, a hand grasping- a cable remains tightly clenched (the con.dition of" fixation "), and detachment is not ahlays easy. Such aCCIdents generally occur by the completion of a circuit between the cable and the earth, but sometimes contact is made simultaneously " ' ith both poles of a circuit. The time seems to ba\'e arril'ed for the publication of some c:1refully considered authoritative code of instructions for the management of such accidents as well as for lheir prevention; in the meantime, however, such considerations as the foreO'oinO' would a ppe:1 r to poin t to the following'" '" Rilles/or j{u.idtZllCe ilt electric accidmls.-r.-Break the circuit at once if there be an interrupter close at hand and you know hoI\' to use it. If not, lose no time, but proceed to Rule 2. 2.-])0 not touch the man's body with your bare hands) but if indiarubber gloves are nOl at hand pu~l 11ll:n off the cable by h~s coat tad, or fold)'our coat or some such dry arucle II1to two or three thicknesses, and , uSlllg this as a pad to take hold of the body, pull it away from the circuit and resort to Rule 5. 3.--lf unable to get him off, raise wit.h covered hands that part of the ?O~y lI'.hlch IS touch~ng .the earth, .or one of the poles of the circu it. fhl s wIll bre~k the clrcUlt, and It WIll usually be thus possible to get him away, and, If so, proceed to Rule S. 4.-1£ still un successful make another pad, and, 'placing it between the grollnd and that part of th e body III contact with the ground, contll1ue your efforts to detach him . 5.-Having pulled him away from the cab le , free his neck from clothing. and treat the case as one of drowning, one method beinO' as follows. his tonaue 6 .-0pen his mouth, and, t~lking hold of the front part with your fingers (co\'ered with an han~kerchief if you have one), d~aw the tongue forward, and gradually let It go back six teen times a minute. Be sure that the root of the tongue is acted upon and drawn f or w'lrd. If the teeth are clenched and you cannot get them apart with yom fingers,.gently separate them WIth the handle of a pocket-knife or by a sm:11l pIece of wood, cork, &c. 7.-Reslst the efforts of the bystanders to pour stimu lants down his throat until a medical man arrives and " takes o\'er " the case. Brighton, Aug. 28th, 189+ W. S. llElILEY , l\1.D.

SUNDERL:\.:\fD.- The first annual meeting of this centre of the St. J ohn Amhulance Association was helJ. on the 25th Sept. under the presidency of :\11'. Scott G unn. The report of the coml1lit~ee was read, from which it appears that 156 male and 71 female candIdates passed the examination. There was also a concert in i\Iay last which was a gre.1t success and resulted in r6s. 6d. being added to the coffers of the cen tre. For the ensuing season IS classes have been arranged. The election of officers and the usual votes of thanks concluded the pro.:ecdtng5. SWINJ)ON--The annual meeting of this centre was held at t ~e l\I echanics In stitute on the afternoon of the 8th Sept. It 11'1 5 fo!'me.J two years ago, being confined to employes on the G. IV. Rlilw "ly a t Swindall and no\\' n um bers more th a n 80 members. Of lhese a bout 70 presented themseke5 for examination, and all passed, whi ch is a most creJitable result. The examiners this year were ])r. 11. B. Lane of B::t.th, Dr. ].13. II urry of Reading, and Dr. T. E. Pe:1rmal1 of Swindon, II'ho had aho delilered the lectures. The meeting was well attended by members and others interested in the work, the chair being occupied by :\lr. \\'. II. \\'illiamson. A plesentation was made to Dr. Pe"lrman from the members :1S an apprecialion of his servi ces, and th e association cc:'tificates were afterwards presented LO the members. YOJ K, Co:-nIERCfAL COLI.EGE.-.\t an examination held here in J ~t1y by Surgeon-.\Iajor lIulton, 30 boys were presented and all pa s,ed . .1 he examiner congratulated the Head "b ster, :'Ilr. l',[o51ey, (who obtained the medalli on of the A ssociat ion) and Dr. Gi rling the Lecturer up on the good rcsult o')tai ned, and hoped that the bop \\'o:l ld keep up their k'lo\\ledr;e. \\'e see by the :\Iadras W eekly :'IIai! , that a branch of the St. J()l lI1 l\mbulance (\ s:iociation ha s been set O'oing at P oona, IndIa, whe;'e leclUi e5ha\'e been ail'en bySuraeon-:\laj~rC.J . Addison, .\.:\1. S., to hdies, and to a detachl~ent of office~s and men at the \ 'olunteer Headqaarte," . The te:1ching seems to be much appreciated, and the mO\'ement appe:trs to be spread ing. . , .," :\Ir. ,\lal1 Palmer hanllg re SIgned after SIX ye:lrs sen' lce, :'Ilr. r. I:-I. F. Bri scue, Boo\.. of 70, The Grol'e, Hammersm ith, h~lS been elec~ed B on. Di-l! ict Secreury, X o. 3 Di stri ct, '\letropoli~an Centre. • .\1 1'. i\lan P ~dlller being una hIe to COllLll1ue the large lI'ork of :\0. ~ Di"trict, :\letrop..:>l itan Cen tre, the size of the Di-trit't has bee 1 r.educed to the limi ts of the City amI Port of LO;ldoll, and he II III cuntl!1ue as II on. District Secretary of this smaller sphere . ------:0:

.dfri(nll'~ Q1011CUt ani) l~r£~cntfttion. /lIOST successful Bohemian Concert was given at IJoll;orn Town Ball on \Vednesd ~ly el'enll1g, September 26th. 1 he ]~r(Se hall was crowded and presented a mo st animated appearance. 1 hiS I am most pleased to record , as the proceeds are to be handed over to Pn\'ate F. Friend NO.2 Di\' ision t. John's Gate, "letropolttan Corps, who, as st:1ted in ~he August issu'e, was severely injured in saving ~i.fe at the St. John ,\ mbulance Brig<lde Camp at \Vestgate-on.-Sea thIS summer. [ sincerely trust a good round sum may be ha.nded to tl~IS gallant cO.mrade. Chief Superintendent ,,'. J. Church BraSier occupied }he chaIr, and \\':1S supported by Colonel ?ir. Herbert C" Perrott, Bart. (S,ecretary of, the St. John .\m bulance AssociatIOn), lIon . Surgeons .\. C. 1 unstall, \\. B. Jones IIeaton C. Howard Ouartermaster "'. H. i\lorgan, and many officeis of the l\Jetropolital~ Corps, Chief Superintendent T. II. \Y 001ston C\Vellingborough) , Surgeon-Lieutenant \I'arwi ck and CJ uartermaster Davis of the 'faIrer Hamlets \'olunteers, and a large number of nursillO' sisters. The proaramme 11'aS a I'ery lengthy one, it Luge body of tale~t havinO' kindly pbced their servi ces at the disposa l of the Committee. Senti~1enta I songs were contributed by Miss Beaven, i\J rs. Stone, Messrs. A. Goodwin, Linwood, and J. F,raser Gladwyn. lIum orous sonas sketches, 6.:c., by Messrs. 'V. H . ::\oel, ,\ Stevens, IIarry Briden, "'C: W. Caleott, Charles Wood, Harry S:1lll1ders, \rill Drew and M essrs. Esmond and RaleIgh, Elhottand Lloyd, appeared as comed ian s and dancers . J\1r. Cecil Beryl Graeme gave a ventriloquial sketch. Mi ss Edith Mann, A.R. c\.~1. (pianoforte), :'I1 iss E. Childe (pianoforte), Me ssrs. ; . Cah' in Lines (yiolin), Private Kemp (xylophone), Pli vate Neale Ccello), Miss Long.maLe, se \'en years of age. an.J M,aste r Longmate, tweh'e years of age (pIanoforte). Space wIll not pen11l[ th e mention of the yarious items performed, but 1 must congratulate the Committee upon providing s uch an excellent bill ?f f~re. Son;e <;>f the Lalent certaiuly calls for mentIOn. 1\11'. Charle3 " ood s sketch ' h .oh-Inoor," '\[r. IV . H. Noel's "Daddy" (parody) , ;\1r. II. Briden's ('Stammering Sweetheart," and l\Ir. c\. Stel'ens' impersonations one and all cre:;-ted great amusement. The rn strumentailsts were all c1.ever,lIlcludmg ilttle l\liss LOI1O'l11ate whose performance was extraordInary for so young a child. The acc~mpanists were ;,1iss E~ith Ma.nn, AR.A.i\I., l\tiss Rose Akerman, and Mr. Linwood. A ~uostll1terestlng ceremony diVIded the proO'ramme' the ChaIrman h:1l'lI1g spoken warmly on the subject of Private F~'iend's aa llantry amid ringing cheers, Lady Superintendent Church Brasier wl~~ nursed' Friend at the time of his acciden t, pinned the hand some 'meda l (awarded by the proprietors of the Q~li'l!lir f?r s;ll'ing life), 011 his right bn;ast, alld the II hole COlDpany jomed 111

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motes

13,' (. TOUR~IQUET."

FRIE:\I!'s concert "'as a decided success in more ways than on ~, there was a big crowd, there were good artistes, and pleilty of cnthusiasm, most especially shown when Mr . Brasier pinned on his breast the medal prescnted to him by the Editor of the QlIz·ver . ..;.:.

....

THE" Chief" made an e~~ellent chaIrman as he al\Vays does on occasions of this }.:ind. It seemed about time for him to gi\'c Jea\'c to smoke at 9, or there would ha\'c been only himself to giyc pCLllis~ioJl to do so. The gentleman who gJ,\,e the different rendcrings of the " Charge of the Light Brigade" was grand. The yersion of the Frenchman who said that ",as how they \\'on the battle of Balacla\'a was simply delicioU3. -t.!.

?.~

~'!-

\ VITH reference to the V ..\1. S. C. not competing for the Ambulance Challci1ge Shield, I am informed that the I. hield was instituted in order to encourage al11bubncc ,. \York amongst the Regimental Aid of Volunte~r and ., Yeomanry Corps, and the V. ::\1. S. C. is not therefore " eligible to com pete." I A:\[ pleased to noti.:e th(;-~ P. S. R owland the indefatio'ahle Han. Sec. of the Llandudno Centre of St. J. A. _-\. b~s been promoted to the Inspectorship of Constabulary at P\\·llheli. S ergeant l~ mdalld is must popular in the .I Queen of 1\ orth \V ales,' not a "ery ea y matter in a to,,'n where the merry tripper is \'ery much ell u 'zdellce l where sectarian squabbles are rife, and 'where the Sunday ClosinO' .Act has recei\'ed its foil in the almost uniyersal t:l adoption of the "John Roberts" and the ,. Pocket Pistol.lJ ;;.-:/" THE appreciation of Sergeant Rowl~n~l's work in con nection with first aid has been most dlStlOctly shown by the honour conferred upon him of being elected an H onorary Sen' ing Broth~r ?f tl~e Ord~r of the Hosp ital of St. J Ohl1 of J erusalcm, a dlstll1ctlOn whIch has to be earned. I understand it is proposed to present Sergeant Rowl and with a testimonial on leaying Llandudno. Let us hope it "' ill be a \ bumper."

,'.' .:.

IT o'i\'es me O'reat pleasure-:to see that Lord Leigh, Lord

Lieu~enant

ot the County of \Varwick, and a Knight of

Ju tice of the Order, has been di str ibutir~g ~mbulanc e

certificates at Chad\yick Manor and speakIng ll1 support of the moyement. Can I hope that other prominent members of the Order will help in a similar manner? -;r

THE sports and competi"'tiol1s at ' Velling.boro

and

K 0 rthampton seem to ha"e gone off exceedll1g1y ",.ell. Chief Superintendents '\ Voobton and P erry are faIrly . men. I saw'\' 1~ om~n!' " t loyed by t 11elr a 17' .L'.nen d' s conce rt. He's always the same . I rejoIce at seel11g the go ~) cl feeling existi ng between the .!\1etropolitan and the Pro\'incial Corps. '.:.: ~'.~ ,;';'

CA;\ anyone te: l me if there is ~uch ~n officer as. the "Oiler of Stretchers," anJ whether hIS duties are laborLous or nominal? I should like a nice lucrati\'e post of the latter kind. -:".;/:I HEAR that the Gre:-.[ K orthern Raiiway goes in for a great (kal of ~mbl1bllCe .work. , Vas anything done ill that "'<I)' at theIr recent accldent? It was a grand chance .

FIRST

TO OUR READERS. A s it is our most earnest wish and desire to make this Journal as attr~cti \:e as possible, we beg corr~spondents in all parts of the country to gn'e It all the help. t~1ey can. "e hope the Superintendents of Corps and Officers of DIvIsIOns of the St. John Ambulance Brig-ade and Officers of the Volunteer :'Iedical Staff Corps, and the Vol;nteer Ambulance Schoo l of Instruction, will do their best to make it known amongst their respective corps, and a lso will send for publication their official news. ,\nother ,Yay of supporting the Journal is by subscriptions-plenty of them. Y\'e shall also welcome, and be pleased to report, the detai Is of an y case where First Aid has been of g-reat sen'ice either in the way of s:\\'ing life, or pre\'enting serious mischief, '

TERJvIS OF S1JBSCRIPTION. FOR 12 months, IS . 6d , post free, to be sent to " The Publisher," Alan Palmer, IT, Ludgate Hill, London, KC. TI!LEGRM'H IC .\DDRESS-" .\RTERY, LO:-<DON ."

F IR ST A I D IS OCTOBER, IS9~·

H-:\-T \\'e, posses3 in our Auxiliary Forc~s an a.rmywI:ich IS potentially a stron to>o one, and which With a lIttle • • more trall1ll1g would become eminently efficient must be c?l?ceded by the most cynical of those who sc;ff at the ~Itlzen soldier; but ~\'hat concerns us most is to enquire llltO. the means ,,·hlch at present exist for rendering medical assistance to the sick of the Volunteer Force ",hen they are massed ftogether in brio'ade or reaimental camps r . b b ror purposes 0 1l1struct~on. or for rendering first aid to the wounded should thiS Force eyer haye occasion to take the field for acti ye sen'ice . \ Ve haye first of all in existence that excellent departmen~~l. cor~s, ~he Volu.nteer Medical. Staff Corps, C~)11~IStll1g of I j compames and estabhshed on lines sll1111ar. to those of the Med ical Staff Corps, but with the exceptIOn that 1tS medical officers are not attached but belong to the corps. Then there are tl~e b:igade bearer companies which so far only nUl11berslx, V1Z :- the\lVelsh Border the East I;0ndon, .the South Staffordshire, the Portsm'outh, the N ~rth 1hdland, and the Northern Counties. T he first Bngade t~ orga~ize a bearer company was the Welsh Bllfder Bngade, Its example being soon followed by the ~ast London . In the case of the Portsmouth Brigade It ,m,ay be remar~ed that a bearer company .considerably 0\ er tIle authOllzed strength "'as formed 111 less than t\\-O m?~1ths, and t.hough this company is only of recent formatlOn yet dUring .the last camp of the brigade at Bou;'nemouth the dutles appertaining to it were well carned out. These beal:er companies represent units in th emselves, they. are entirely under the command of the volunteer medical officers, and all ranks wear a distinct uniform. It call1~ot be. doubted that the recent alterations in the fo~.matl~n o.f b~arer companies of. Volunteer I nfantry BIIgades hm e alJ eady done much to Improve the efficiency of the ~T 0lLl~1teer M ~dica l Sen'ice, and the more recent orders Just Issued With regard to these units will tend further to enhance their efficiency. . Lastly.we .have the various regimental stretcher sectIOns which 111 accordance ''lith Queen's Reaulations Sec. xn-., par. 65 should consist of two trained beare r~ per company o~, battery under the command of the reaimental medical officer. b It will. be interesting now to consider what means are at th~ d1sposal of medical officers for the formation of h~~p.ltals ~ll1der cam-as , Turn.ing to the Volunteer RegulatIOl1~, \\ e find that tnere 1S no provision whatever f?r thiS purp?se. "Par. 287 of these Regulations dis~(1I1ctly states [hat . there w111 be no regimental hospit als attached to blttalWl1S of volunteers," and in accordance

AID.

[October, 1894.

' '.'ith th is no equipment is authorized with th e excepbon of a field medical companion. W h en troops are enc~ m ped a~ Aldershot, and therefore close to a military sta tIOn hosplta~ , the course open to medical officers is to send thelr Sick t o the station hospital, but this pro· ced.ure has a .very ser ious drawback, .,,-iz., the delay whlch occurs 111 the removal of the sick . Tb is was painfully illustrated in the summer of bst year. vVhen two fatal cases occurred at A ldershot, one from sunstroke and. the oth.cr from collapse, both were sent to the statlOn hosp ital, .but only. after considerable delay, on account of the . t ime reqUlred to obtain transport from the Army Serv1ce Corps. In fact the rule that exists at Aldershot is that a requisition 'for a wheeled ambu~a~ce transport must be sent in twenty-four hours before It IS wanted . The ab~urdi~y of this rule is at once <lpparent, wh~n we bear m mmd the fact that very often a field day IS ordered at a few hours' notice, consequently a bearer company must often attend field days without ambulance wagons, ha"ing to requisition, when neces~a~'y, any handy cOlweyance for transport of the sick or 1l1Jured.. \ V.c S:l:\T one bea rer company this year at Aldershot USIng, 111 heu of the orthodox ambulance waaOll ~Iark III, one of the gincrer beer carts which us~all; follow in the rear of the tro~ps. The Portsmouth Bri~ade is fortunate in possessing a transport company of Its own. This oraanization is ex~ellent, though possibly difficult to an-a~Re in other bngades. In July l~st year at the large diyisional camp at VVood~ury, a capltal plan wa adopted by the South \~ ales Bngade, whose supply officer made arran aemen ts WIth the farme~s of the district for their carts anlwagons to ~e held available for transport sen'ice :tt Yen' !:>hort noUce. \ Vith a yiew to further increase the efficiency of the medical arrangements in camp we "would suo'o'est that a fiel? hospital should ?e aut~~orized for ea~11 brigade. ThiS would only mean 1l1creasmg the establishment of a bearer ~ompany to .I?~, for w~lich equipment similar to that Is~ued to a m l1Jtla battahon encamped some dist ance from a military station hospital should also be obtainable 011 requisition. \ Ve would also like to point out ~hat a \'olunt.eer injured while on duty, can only obtall1 compensatlOn from the State if admitted into a h?spital which is not a military station one, and pronded that the case be recommended by a board of officers ".-ho should at once ass~mble for the purpose, the approval of the \lVar Office bel11g also necessary. :0: - - -

~ecbllical

lEbllcatioll <tolnnlittees.

Il E winter session is. now commencing, when classes in all parts of the ~ountry are bemg formed so as to get the examination o\,er before Chnstmas. . lYe beg t? draw the atte ntion of the committees on Techni cal Educa tIOn b~longmg to ~he various County Councils, to the claims whi ch first a.ld and.nursmg have on their notice. Classes can be helped fin~n c lall}: ,. either parLIally or wholly. If the members are in such a !:ocI,d pOSitIOn that they can afford a small sum, then it is much better that a fee ?e charged, and the differen ce maue up by the committee, The co.mmltlee .must not forge~ t?at a lectu rer's ordinary fee for the course IS fi.ve gUl11eas" and that It IS not wIse to ask him to do it for a mere noml11al sum .. [he other expenses are! hire of diagrams, splints, lanuages for practice, &c., say a gUl11ea l11cldental or heau office expenses ranging from two guineas, or in ~he case of bona-fide workmen's classes h~lf a guinea, hire of room (very often this is obtained free), the exammer' s fee of one guinea, his travelli ng expenses, &c. ) If eac? member ~f a committee "will bear in mind he may some time meet w,th an aCCident by which hi s life may be in dan O'er and that it may ?e in the power of one of these ambulance pupils b~T spe~dy and appropnate treatment to savg his life or limb he will feel that he i ' doing the right thing in recommending the ambt;lance in structio n. ~

FIRST

October, 1894.J ~ur ~ortrait ~aner\?

COLO:-;-EL ,\VILLIA:-r CLARK,

V.D., VICE PRESIDEKT A:-;-D

CHAIR:\L\N OF THE ST. ANDRE''''S A:-fI3ULAN CE

ASSOCI.-\. TIO:'\.

E present our readers this m onth with the portrait of Colonel \ Villiam Clark whose name is so familiar to all First-aiders in North Britain as the chairman and lead,mg spmt of the St. Andrew's AmbuI<mce Associat ion. 0 ur Scottish brethren are doing a large ,york as will be seen by the report in this issue of FIRST AID. IIis connection with the .-\ssociation dates shortly after its commencement, and he beca me chairman in r 893 · It is yery largely owing to his enthusiastic support and desire to succour the sick and inj ured, that the teaching of this good and useful ,,-o rk has made such progress in the nortlL. At the annual meeting of the Association in Glasgow on the 26th of Jun e last, when the Hon. James Bell, Lord ProYost, was in the chair, he was elected a a yice-president in conjunction ,,,ith 1\11'. Hugh Brown. Colonel Clark joined the volunteer force in 185 9, and has been efficient for thirty-fi\'e years (one of \'ery few). He, of course, has the volunteer decoration. At the present time he is Colonel of the 3rd Volunteer Battalion of the Highland Light Infantry (The Blythswood). He was a member of the Glasgow City Council, and is also a magistrate. \ Vhen appointed he was the youngest magistrate G lasgow ever had . As the head partner of the celebrated firm of sewing cotton manufacturers he has shown great business capacity. Retiring some years ago, he still retains the presidency of the company as far as America is concerned, their huge factory being at Newark, U .S.A. Holding this appointment only, Colonel Clark has much spare time which he ardently devotes to good and useful pu bEc \\\-ork, ambulance taking a very prominent part. Since joining the volunteers he bas all along taken a great interest in matters co ncerning its welfare, and is now chairman of the Scottish Rifle Association, which ranks next to the national one . He is either chairman or holding high office in many public bodies, thus fully carrying out the motto, (( pro bono publico." It gives us much pleasure to add that Colonel Clark pays high tribute to the zeal and activity displayed by.Mr. Andre"v Henderson, the secretary of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association, and we feel sure our readers in Scotland will endorse these senti me nts. In conclusion, we trust that Colonel Clark m ay be long spared to further the noble objects which he so warmly has at h eart.

AID.

st. 30bn Bn1bulance :f13rigabe.

METROPOLITA r CORPS. BARKING DIVISIO::--l.-By the invitation of the Southend Regatta Committee, and with the kind permission of our Chief Superintendent, we attended Southend for ambulance work on IVednesday, Septem ber 19 th . My staff consisted of First Officer Olley (Leytonstone), Staff-Sergeant J. Birnbaum (St. John's Gate :\'0. I Division), Sergeant Chambers, with eight privates and four nurses from the Barking l\ ursing Division. Our journey was made a most comfortable one, the officials of the London, Tilbury& Southend Railwayresen'ing us two compartments both going and coming. The weather being fine brought thousands of people to Southend, but although such large numbers were present we had but five cases-four fainting fits, and a fish-hook in a boy's tongue. Durin g the day "'e had to attend to the ,,'11e of a doctor from St. Pe tersburg. The doctor inspected all our appliances, and expressed himself highly satisfied and promised us a report. ,,-e were recei ,'ed and entertained by the Regatta Committee in a most cordial manner. The police at Southend, who I find ha\'e many firstaiders amongst them, \\'ho are wearing the ambulance badge, greatly assisted us in keeping the people off our tent when we were attending to our patients. I find our \I ork amongst the Southend people is greatly appreciated. Last year was the first time they had us amongst them, and they ha\'e certainly not forgotten wha t we did for them during the day. IVe had visits from some of the leading people of the uistrict, ,,·ho all expressed themseh'es highly satisfied \\'ith the work and equipments-J. \VELLS, Superintendent. TOY:"BEE HALL Drnsroc-; (bte K[::--IG ED\\'ARD I:-;STITGTE).-At the opening cOl1\"ersazione for the \\·inter session held at Toynbee Hall on September 29th, a !lumber of displays in first aid work was gi\'en by this Dilision. The com'ersazione was auended by about 15 00 people, and among the \'isitors lecei\'ed by Canon Barnett, the ,,'arder, we noticeJ Sir Samuel :'Iontagu, Ba!'l., :'I.P., upt. C . c\lan Palmer, IIon. Surgeon Tunstall and many faces well known in the medical and literary world. During the e\'ening three stretcher di!:plays were gi\'en by members of the dil'i~ion in uniform under the uirection of H an. Surgeon W. B. Jones, Superintendent 11-. II. Win ny, and ~nd Officer Kimber respecti\'ely. lYe congratulate the di\'ision on the good ~tart it has made in its new and commodious headquarters. GRE,o\T EASTERN R,,\lL \YAY CORPS.- The annual ambulance c::Jmpetitio:ls in connection with tbs corps, fur the G.E.R. Challenge Cup, will be held respecti \'ely at :'hrch, :\ orwich, Parkeston and Str:J tford . The judges "'ill be Chief Supt. Church Brasier and Han. Surgeon Heaton Howard, both of the Headquarter's Corps.

PROVINCIAL CORPS.

BIR~II:--1GHA~I.-On the 15th September, the various classes in connection II ith the Handsworth di\'ision of the Birmingham Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, gave a display in Hands\\'orth Grammar School Recreation Grounds, by kind permission o f the Governors. There was a good attendance, amongst those present being Dr. IVelch , Dr. Darby-vl'eston, Dr. E. L. Freer, Dr. Abrell', Dr. i\bnley, Messrs. IV. H. \Yelshman (Chairman of the Committee), H. A. Pearson, Rev. J. :'1. Guest, F. Lempriere, J. H. Beck, S. _\llinglon. J. C. Taylor, &r:. :'fr. Beck was in comm:1l1d of the detachment, and Captain Perry had charge of the grounds. :'1r. J. R. Stamp, the hon. secretary of the Birmingham Brigade Committee, made all the arrangements. The programme included specimens of b:l.l1d:Jging, fractures with bleeding, demonstration of accidents in mines, r estoration of apparently drowned and suffocated, military ambulance work and railway accidents. The various e\'ents elicited the heartiest applause of the spectators, and the " 'hole of the medical gentlemen present manifested the keenest interest in the proceedings. The Ham stead Colliery,:Band kindly gave a musi cal selection at inten'als. The display was successful from e\'ery point of I'iew, aml reflects the greatest credit on eyer)' one taking part in it. Bm~lIX GHA ~1 CORPS.-WI:"DSOR TREET GAS WO RKS DI\'lSroX : A meeting of this di\'ision was held on September :l2nd., at the ill oseley Botanical Garuens. After tea, 1fr. Charles Hunt, i\f. In st., C.E., distributeu :q certificates to members, who had passed the second examination. The members, in giving a vote of thanks to the :'fedical Lecturer, Dr. D. Holmes, presented to him a fountain pen. I -otes of thanks to :O[r. Hunt for presiding, and to :OIr. R. A. Dry, the Drill Instructor, \\'ere passed and acknowledO'ed. :of iss Edith Hyde's rendering of se\'eral songs during the proceedings, \\ere heartily appreciated. FARNHA~I.-On the :!+th September, the Annual General i.\Ieeting of this Cemre ,,"as held under the presidency of Dr. Sloman. " -e notice that an ambulance van is being provided, the necessary funds being raised by subscriptions. lYe also see that the balance sheet was 5..'ltisfactory. The following officers were re-eleeted-Superintendent J. Smither, Deputy Superintendent C. Branford, Inspector of [a terial Police-sergeant Upfold, Deputy Inspector 1I. Lloyd, lIon. Secretary A. \Vinslade, H on. Treasurer IV. R.IYorsam. Yotes of thanks to the Officers and Chairman concluded the proceeuings. LEICESTER'-' \."lB ULANCE CHALLE01GE SHIELD C01IPETITIO:f.-On 20th September the annual competition for the Challenge Shield of the Leicester Corps of the St. J olm Ambulance Association took place at the Old Town Hall. Three teams-consisting of six men, a patient and the superintendent-took part, viz., the Fire Bri&,ade, under Superintendent Ely; the Gas Department Diyision, under Superintendent James; and

FIRST

the Leicester Cyclists Di\'ision, under Superintenelent J. L. Kin g. The secretary, i\lr. F . II. Turner, carried O\lt the arrangements. Surgeon-Major Hutton, of Leamington, ;\O'ain kindly undertook the duties of judge, anel expressed his appreciation of the high standard of excellence ShOW11 by the competing teams, as \\"ill be seen from the number of marks bestowed on the two fir st team s. \\' ith a maximum number of 600 marks in point of excellence there was \'ery liltle to choose between them. The fire brigaele came first with 590 marks, the cyclists second with 585, and the gas di\'ision third with 5:!0. The fire brigade is LO be "'armly congratulated Ol~ its \\'ell earned success, as also are the cyclists, who ran it so close, being only fire marks behind. This is the third year the Shield has teen competed for; on the first occasion it was won by the Police, the second by the Gas Division, and th is year, as stated, the Fire Brigaele has captured the coyeted trophy. lL is to be regretted that no more than three Divisions entered, as the Shield is not only an 0ll1ament in itself, but the fact of possessing it should stimulate the holelers to keep up their ambulance kno\1 ledge so as (0 continue worthy of its custody. The competition was open to Leicester and district. The ex:tmining subjects \"ere of a comprehensi\'e nature, embracing fractures, dressing, bleeding, &c., together with questions and answers on ambulance work generally. :'IIALDO:-1 CORPs.-This corps i the outcome of a shocking accident and suhsequent death at t:le Cold ~ orton Station of the Great Eastern Railway, Southend Extension, and of two classes held by G. Melm oth Scou, Esq., :'ILB., &c., at :'Il aidon and IIeybridge last year. Th';! certificated and enrolled members of the corps number 28 at p resent. Dr. Scott Lllends continuing- the chsses this autumn. Dr. Facer's class at Stow :'Ibries numbered -''), all of whom presented them~eh'e .i for examination and gained certihates, but none of these are in the :'IIaldcn Corps, dist;l.I~ce :tione pre"'eming tllem from attending the necessar y drill,. Thl! mo :eme11l h:1. S been a decided success all round. \i'e ha\'e not been without the usual difficulties attending a new yenture but nO\1 \Ie are progre5, ing. The :'IIa ldon Class and Dr. Scott's Ladies' Cla"s paid their o\\n expenses, the doctor generotl,ly gi\ing his lectures gratis lo the :'I1aldon me:l's class. The other clas3es hal'c b~~:l aS5i5l·~j by the Technical Edllcatio:l Committee, \\'hich ha; a~~.i I be~:l ap,)lieJ ta for h~lp, ami \\"hicl. we think ought to be freely g1\·;::.l, fLlr beyond the ej::cational be!1efit, we ha\'e bee:l instrume:1ul i:l affording- first aid i!l sei'eral oerious cases.-:\. H \'lIe Kirkman. lI on . 'ec. ~Ialdo:l Corp3, and Hon . :'II ember :'IIaldon C0'ru3 G. E. Railway. ' :\' ORTHA:-IPTO);-The annua I spOrls and competitions in connection with the corp3, we re held on the :!9th September at St, Day-id's, King~ thorpe. The following officers were present :-Dr. A. H. Jones, (Hon . Sec)., Chief Superintendent Perry, Chief Superintendents [hymann and i"oolston, Superintendents Trenery and Hilton, In spectors Olney and Simpson, and First Officer Baker of the :'IIetropolitan Corps. SurgeonMajor Bull of Stony Stratford acted as judge. The various comp~titions and sports were well contested, but the want of space prevents our gil'ing details. Afterwards at Franklin's Hotel the e\'ening was pleasantly spent by all concerned in songs and speeches. Chief Superintendent Perry was in the chair, anel asked members to volunteer for tran sport service as they were somewhat short-handed. "FIRST _-\m" \I'as introduced, and met with a cordial reception. Their comrade, of the :'IIetropol itan Corps were toasted with all honours. The singing of the natioml anthem brought the proceedings to a close. r RESTO); .-IYe notice that the -1-th Ann ual Reyiew and Demon strat ion of the :\ orth East Lancashire Diyision of the Brigade, was held at Bbckpool on the 2nd June. :'IIem bers of the following corps attendeJ : Blackpool, Brierfield, Rlmber Bridge, Padiham, Burnley, II-halley, Accringlon, Colne, Sabden, Presto n, ~elson, Longridge, Clitheroe, and H uncoat, with a total of -1-13 men; and also members of the following nursing corps :-:'\elson, Padiham, Great Harwood, Brierfield, Clitheroe, Accrington, Burnley and Colne, with a total of 19'5 sisters. IYet weather marred the proceedings. The corps were inspe c~e d by CoL E. T. Thackeray, Commissioner of the SL J ohn Ambulance Brigade. The arrangements for the re\'iew were made by Dr. Trimble. I t is proposed to hold the next re\'iew again at Blackpool. PRESTOX.-On the 6th inst., the se\'enth Annual Concert of this Corps was held in the public hall. under the patronage of His \\'orship the :'Ira yor (.-\lderman Holde:"!, J. P.) I t was most successful, the proceeds going to supply equipment. for the benefit of the tOWI1. A PJ.rt of the programme consisted of a demonstration by the lady members of the ::\ elson corps and of the local corps under Captain Howard. The Corps does excellent work in the town, ha \'ing four stretcher stations in different p.uts, and numbering in its ranks most of the police and railway men. It is governed by :! sU 1lerintendents. :; officers, and a small com mi ltee, with two hon. secs.,:\leosrs. J . T. :'\ elYman and S. Swan :011 . READT:"C CORP5.-To inaugurate the commencement of the winte" session the members of the Reading Corps held a very successful Smoking Concert on Thursday, S epte mber ~7th. Thirty members and friends attended, and a capital progmmme lIas gone through . The stump speech and show of :'Ilr. Partridge of the Volunteer Medical Staff was thoroughly enjoyed. Se\'eralof the items on the programme were encored, notably that of Surgeon Key, \\ho occupied the chair. Supt. Beal was "ice-chairman. The company broke up soon after eleven o'clock, and a "'ish was expre5sed that one or twO wcial eyenings might be arranged during the session.

AID.

[October, 1894.

. "-ELLINGBOROUGH.-.b> 011 1' Special Reportcr.-The Annual In spection of this Corps took place on 15th September, in a meadow belonging to ~Ir. C. \Yatkin, who kindly placed it at the disposal of the Committee. The Corps J11mtered ,.t the Headquarters preci sely at 2.30, and after a careful inspection at the hands ofthei.r chief officer, Chief Superinten dent iY oolston, marched, headed by the Band of the 1st \ 'olunteer Battalion :'\orthamptonshire Regiment, to .the p:uade ground, where they were subsequently drawn up to receive the In specting officer Surgeon-:'IIajor Hutton, Organising Commi ssioner of the St. John Ambulance Association. This inspecting officer, who was accom p:ln ied by Stopford Sackyille, Esq., Chairman of the County Council, David Dulley, Esq., President of the local Centre, and the whole of the "'l edical Staff, carefully inspected the Corps, which afterwards marched past in line and by s~ctions. The marching was very steaely and reflected the greatest credIt upon the officers and supernumerary officers of the Corps, pro\'ing as it did how careful and thorough must hay-e been the instruction given at the hands of these gentlemen. Indeed it was incomparably better than the march past th.lt I witnes ~ed at \i' ind,;or a few years ago. The programme was also to my mind much better arranged in order to make an effecti\'e display, more methodical, and with a sn1:l ller exhibition of while bandage. Subse:juently the Chairman of the County Council prese:1 ted Certifiotes and :'Ired~lllions to a laro-e numbl!r of successful canelicl.ltes. I n replying bter on to a I'ote of thanks, this gentleman assured the ii' ellingboroug h Corps tha t it would always be a pleasure to him to assist the Ambu i:111ce mo\'emenl in X orthamplonsh ire. Other speakers \1 ere Surgeon-~f:tjor Hulton , David Duller, Esq. , and Dr. :'I[illigan, the latter expressing himself in warm terms as to the \',llue of the \'ario us local ,\mbulance Corp3 as aids to the med ical p rofess ion. _-\ ~erie~ of competitions was afterward s gone through, the j udgi ng being undertaken by the loml medical staff, assisted 'uy the Chief Superintendent of the Metropolita n Corps, Dr . "rilligan of :'\orthampton kindly acting as referee. It \\':1S quite dark before th ese were finished, indeed, the latter part of the programme was concluded with the frienLlly aiel of eyery a vailable lamp on the ground. i\'1'! mtlst congratulatl! all concerned on the marked impro\'ement exhibited OYel' hst year, and it must have been ycry gratifying to .'I[essrs. 1\'oo lstl'11, Hilton, ~ichol son and Graveley to see ho\\' evidently impressed the I.Hge body of spectalors were by the steadiness and smartness of the Corp .; on p~lrade. \Ve must not forget to mention one \'ery effecti\-e item on the programme; a body of cyc! ists are out on a club run, in turning a corner one of their number comes a "cropper," his comrades at once dismount and with the aid of a fral11(:\I'ork carried on t\l\) bicycles and a friendly hurdle , after having bandageel the •. wounded one," he is carefully placed on the hurdle, this in turn is fixed on the framework, whi ch has no\\' been put in position between the two" bikes," and he is wh ee led slowly off the field by his apparenLly son-owful c::omrades and amid the warm applause of the audience. \" here all was really so good and evidently carefully staged, I am sorry to have to find fault, but I must call attention to tile great mistake in having as judges the members of the local Medical Staff. That these gentlemen were honestly desirous of doing their duty conscientiously e\'ery one prese nt must admit, but where you have other corps competing \\ ho come from so short a distance allay it \\ ould be much more satisfactory.and remO\'e eyery possible chance of a grumble on local grounds if the judges came from a much greater distance. I am no advocate for making the,;e competitions a race, but in the last com petition the winning teams \\'ere more than a quarter of an hour behind the last of the other te~lm s : how many times might those bandage5 ha\'e been retouched duIin5" the ab,;ence of the judges in the Hospital tent ? I don 't a\'e r it was so, but it leaves it open Lo que.itio:l.

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:frOl'flgn ~ln(l(Ili1n(e [mlOl'tt

As a direct result of the course of instruction giYen by Dr. C . B. Telanus, a branch of the society for rendering first aid to the injured has been established in Amsterdam, and seems ,likely to flourish there. At the first meeLing sixty persons expressed their willin gness to become members, while twenty others had previously joined the society, The Queen and the Q'leen-Regent have each sent a donati on of a hundred francs as a token of their in terest in the work. THE Japanese Red Cross Society, of which the Empress is the patroness, is at present busily engaged in making bandages and prep.uing lint. She is assisted by the ladies of her court, and the supplies when ready will be equally for the use of the Chinese as for the Japanese. THE Board of I lea Ith of St. Louis has provided an ambulance moun ted on trucks, like an ordinary trolley car, and operated by the same means for use oyer the \'arious lines of the city . It is c:tp.lble of great speed, and at the same time COllYeys its unlur tunate occupants much more smoothlY:lnd painlessly than they can be ran'ied in an ordinary am bulance . D UR ING the present military manccuvre5 in Germany, in which the German Emperor has taken so active a part, it is reported that the "disabled" soldiers hale had rather a b~ld time. Ho spital and ambulance provision has, of course, been made, but not on a very large scale. TUE ambulance vehicles and appliances which comprise part of the exhibit at the War Office at t.he Lyons Exhibition are of an interesting description. Six carriages of different kinds comprise the collection, COllW ining all the can \'eniences possible for tending the wounded in War.

FIRST [ We intend publishing a record from month to mOllth of all cases which . come to 0.'1.1' Ilotice, ill which First A id rendered hy Ambulallre pupils has been oj mluable assistallce. IVe ask our readers to help I(S by sendlllg parflCu.!aI'S of all sitch cases . ]

jfirst Bib 1l{ecorb. ACCRl~GTON.-On 13th June last Thomas Grime rece i\'ed an injury causing concussion of t.he brain . First aid was rendered by MI . T. Spencer, who removed him home on a n ambulance litter. Dr. Pearcey reported that everything necessary for the boy was correctly done . O. the 27th June, .'IIr. J. [\. I sherwood wa s se Ized WIth h(cmorrhar;e from the lungs. Fi l'st aid was rendered by :'I[r. T. _\. Spencer with success. Dr. Lindsay reported that the measures taken probably sayed the patient's life. CLERKE:on\·ELL.-On :-Ionday, September 17th, a ~erious accident happeneelto F. COl1\I'ay, an engine driyer in the employ of :'IIessrs. De\\'snap, St. John's Square, Clerkenwel~. IYhile engaged. in replacing a belt he was caught by the runnll1g: b~nd, the engme not having been stopped. He sustall1ed shock lllg llIJulles, compo ulld fracture of the left ulna, SImple fracture of the left humerus, one finger of the left lund being also torn off, and severe scalp woun d. Information of the accident was given at St. J ohn's Gale, and Staff-Sergeant Early and Sero-eants DrurY:lI1d Phillips were promptly on the spot with the Ashford litL~r and all first aid appliances. Conway's inju ries \\ere carefully attended to, and he \I'as then cO l1\'eyed to St. Bartholomell's Hospit:d, where we are glad to hear he is going on fa\'ourably. EDINOt·RGH.-On the eyening of the 5th September, whil st Shunter William IIenderso n was engaged in shunting operations aL Prince's Street Station, Edinburgh, Caledonian Railway, he was knocked do\\n by tbe shunting engine. whi ch passed O\'er his right leg. First aiel was promptly rendered, and he was cOl1\'eyed to the Roya I Infirmary on the Ambulance Corps' liller, and it \I'as found necessary to amputate the leg immediately above the knee, but we are glad to learn that he is getting on exceptionally well. - Railway H erald. LIVERPOOL.-cln accident of the mo st alarming character occurred on September 20th at t.he 1\0. 3 Branch :\Iexandra Dock . ~ome 100 men \\"ere engaged unloading bags of corn from the steam sh ip" Karamania " and ~tOI ing them in one of the sheds. .-\ special gangway used for the pU:'pose had been constructed from the yessel to the shed. This was supported at an alt itude of some q feet by what is termed a horse." ,\t about nine o'clock the re were -1-8 men mO\'ing to and fro from the vessel on tbe gangway. Someone standing on the quay cried, ,. look Oelt, the horse is giving way." The next moment the support had broke:l with a snap, the huge platform fell to pieces, and the whole of t 11C -1men \Iith their burdens, were precipitated into the quay. For a time a scene of excitement anel co nfusi on pre\·ailed. The accident had been II itnessell by hundred s of labourers who "'ere about the dock and its entrance. They ran to help the men who had fallen with the collapsed platform. Bu t their task \Ia s frauaht \lith considerable difficulty. .'IIany of the -1-8 men were entangled in the debris, some were lying with planks and sacks of corn on top of them, and their groans and cries were to be heard up to the main road . "'bile the rescuers were engaged extracting the entangled men a communication W..1S desp:ltcbed to the Bootie Fire Station, and in a short time firemen Jones and :'Il'Connon arri\'ed on the scene to administer first aid. They were taken in to the shed where the men were who had heen injured by the accident. In various part s of the shed more than twenty men who had been injured were deposited . These were attended to \1 ith praiseworthy promptness by the t\\"o ambulance men. Fifteen of the twenty men, however, had sustained injuries too slight to call for immediate attention, and were suffering more from the shock of the fall than anything else. Most of these recovered in a few minutes and were able to walk home, while others were well enough to stay about and lend assistance. Th ere were five men, however, who had sustained serious injuries. The wounds of these men were attended to as quickly as possible, and were rem oved by two journeys of the ambulance to the hospital.-Liverpool Courier. iVIALDON.-In August Mrs. lIurrick (wife of the Church Clerk of St. Mary's) sustained compound commin uted fract.ure of leg by falling off a ladder whilst fruit-picking. :'III'. Amsden was fetched, and the stretcher, belonging to the Corps. P.C . Burrow and P.c. Brown, of II eybridge (both certificated), carried the patient home. ~OHTHAMPTON.-On the lIth September at night, a woman named Farrow got into the ri\'er, and was just rescued in time by a i\Ir. Harris. Chief Superintendent Perry, Superin tendent Trenery and other members of the Corps were on the spot directly, and rendered assistance by using Sylvester's method of artificial respiration. The woman lecovered, and great prai se is due to these gentlemen who were the means of saving her life. NOTTING HAM.-Ext.ract of letter in .Notlillgham Dally Guard/all .-On September 25th a poor fellow named Fielding was admitted to the -Genera l IIospital, having had his right hand taken off, and the left one U

AID.

severely damaged, which I regret to state has since been amputated. The poor fellow would ha\'e bled to death but for t.he prompt assistance rendered him by ergeant Dearman, of the :\'ottingham Yeomanry, who is also a member of the ambulance corps in connection with that regiment. Only last week Sergeant T. R. Lindl ey, of the same regiment, rendered invaluable assistance in the C:lse of a poor man who fell and fractured :t. leg in tation Street, Xottingham. The principal motive in ,\Tiling is that the good resu lts of this particular knowledge should be more widely kno\\"I1, and that the publi c in general are grateful enough to recognize suc h noble \rork.-I am, Sir, &c., R. DAyrs. ST. PA UL'S.-_\ correspondent o rr. IV. Prince) writes to The Sun to call attention to the excellent \\'ork done by the Ambulan ce Association at St. Paul's Cathedral. As an instance he tells how a lad pushing a truck slipped and put out his knee on Ludgate Hill last afternoon. The officer was called, and in the l\\inkling of an eye the poor lad's knee was set right and bandaged. ,. i\'hat struck me most ," writes :'IIr. Prin ce, (, was the formal way in "'hich the officer did it, the lad actually bughing instead of crying in his pain while it was being done, "'hat a grand work is be ing dO:1e by this _\ssociation, especially at this centre. TO TTE :\,H:\\I.-On 22nd Septem:;;er a member of the :-Iatlock Swiffe Foolball Club bloke his leg \1 hilst playing against the" Robin II oods" at Tottenham :'IIarshes. First aid was rendered by H. E. Porter, of the "\Yaterloo Division, " who on the same afternoon also rendered first aid to a member of the Irmac Fcotball Club, who had displaced his kneecap. Remored to t.he Tottenham HospiLal in a brake. "'DIBLEY Drvr 1O",.-On Sunday eYening, September 16, 189-1-, about 7.30, a three-horse brake containing twemy-se\'en men was upset at the foot of ii-embley Hill. PriYate Hall'kins happened to be close at hand, and commenced rescuing the injured, being quickly joined by P.C. Ha rt with stretcher and hayersac [rom the Park Stretcher Station, and Pri\'ate CO\·ington . :'IIessengers were immediately dispatched for the Surgeon a ndJurther ambulance help, and meanwhile, ITart, Hawkin s and CO\'ington col1\'eyed three of the most serious cases up to the "Green :'I Ian," where the landlord OIr. DO\YJ1es) rendered eyery p ossible a ssistance and placed rooms at their disposal for the treating of the injured men. Dr. Goddard , Superintendent P aull, Sergeant Quilter and i\Ir. Bowden (certificate holder) were summoned out of church, and ~ urse s Gunns and Gurneyand other members of the Diyision quickly followed. The wheeled litter was immediately got out with additional stretchers and hanesac and taken to the "Green :'IIan." The Surgeon found that three men \I'ere su ffe ring from slight concussion and general shock, two ha\'ing in addition scalp and cheek wounds, and there was one case of inciseu wound on head and contusion, and another of abrasion of ski n on top of head. :'IIore serious injuries were undoubtedly sayed through the tarpaulin whi ch lay along the top of the brake, falling dow n, an d so breaking the fall of the occupants. Dr. Goddard desired the three cases of slight co ncu ssion to be cOl1\'eyed to the railway station on stretchers, and this was carried out under the direction of Superintendent Paull by L\\'ojourneys\,ith the litleranel by requisitioning a cart. Dr. Goddard saw the patients again at the raihyay station, where each wa s handed O\'er to the care of his respective friends. _-\ letter of thank s for the sen'ices rendereel has been receiyed from the Secretary of tbe Club of which the injuted men are members. FRo:-r The RaihNl)' Ho-ald we learn that splendid first aid work con tinues to be done on our railways. This is encouraging, for, as we pointeel out in our last number, to no class of men is this knowledge more \'alLlable, and the fa d that a railway man possesses it should lead to his being better app reciated amongst the Directorate. --~----: o :--------

17 01 uuteer ~nlburan£t. THE following is in su~stanc~ the terms of a memorandum issued by

II. R. H. the Commander-ll1-Chlef Il1 reference to the uniform of Volunteer Infantry Brigade Bearer Companies:-Sanction has been o-iyen for the adoption of a blue uniform for bearer companies of brio-ades with the Austrian knot, badges, and ornnments prescribed by th~Vol~nteer Regulations, shoulder straps being substituted for shoulder cords with the title of the brigade upon t.hem, and the helmet-plate bearin~ the inscription, "Bearer Comp~ny, .", .... Volunteer Brigade." ""Only the men belonglI1g to the bngade bearer company are affected by this order, which does not apply to the stretcher bearers supplied by the vanous companIes. FIRST "\ID I~ I~DIA. THE Ambulan ce Squad of the Poona Volunteers under the C0111mand of Surgeon-:'IIajor C . ]. Addison, "\.:'I1.s., ~\'as inspected on Thursday, August 30th, by his Excellency Lieutenant-General Nairne. The Red Cross operations were conelucted under circumstances approaching as near as possible those likely to occur in actua l warfare and the whole of the proceedings were carried. out with great success. ' i VE note that the Challenge Bowl presented to the Volunteer Ambu~ lan ce School of I nstruction by Surg.eon-~oJonel Hamilton, late Principal l\Iedlcal Officer for the IIome Dlst.nct, WIll be competed for by members of the school on December 3rd.

FIR S T ;]lll'ill @rl1cr~.

, YO L t; ~T EE R

X\I13UL-\:,\CE S C HOOL OF I:\ STR U CTIO:,\. Stretcher Drill at 7.30 p.m. ; the following lectures at 8.30 p.m. ~\I onda)", October:! 2nd.- T he Treatment of the Apparently Drmyned . Burns and Sca Ids. ::'IIonday, October 2gth,- Fractures and Dislocations and the ir Treatment. Saturday X O\'ember 3rd.-Par:tde at -1-.30 p.m., in Drill Order for I nstruction 'ir: Bandaging and [re~cher Dri 11. .. . ::'II onday, ::\ oyember 5th. -T he Cau3es and Treatment of I nsenslbll1t),. ;'I[ onday, ~o\'ell1ber I.2th.-\\·ounds and HX'morrha.ge.~ The ad\'anced cl:tss WIll be taken by Surgeo;1-Captall1 l<ergus:ln. The Challenge Bowl, presented by Surgeon-Captain Ham ilton, late Principal ::'IIedical Officer, Home District,\\'ill be competed for 011 Dec. 3rd. Br order, I I. F . Stokes, Surgeon-::'I Iajor, .\. ::'Il.R., Senior ::'Il edical O'fficer, Instructor. " OLU :\,TEE R :'I EDIC.,\L ST,-\FF CO R PS. Hon. Commandant, S urgeon-Genera l Sir \ V. Guyer Hunter. ::'II. D., K .C.::'I LG., Q.H .S . Commandant Surg-L ieut-Colonel ,'\. T . :\orton, F .R .C. S. Drills-W estminster H all, Tues., [rom 7 tog i Gu ildhall, \Yed., 7.3 0 i hdqtrs, Thurs, from 7 to g. On Sat., Oct. 27, parade at \\' elli~gLon Barracks at +.30, and march to Chel~ea Barracks for Stretcher ~nd \\ agon Drill. Dress-drill order "'ith leggings; band to attend. ::\ 0.4.Comp:1I1)' will hold a competition for prizes; :'\0. 5 and 6 on Thurs., ~ o~· . ,1, at 7.30 p.m.,:tt headquarters, Calthorpe Street, Grays I nn Road, \\ .C. ST . JOH :\ A ~1BCLA:\CE BRTG,-\DE. ::'II ETROPOLIT A:\ CORPS GREAT :\ORTHER:\" RAIL"\;'AY DlYISIOX.-DIYISIO::\AL ORDERS . Drills .-Cor.1mencing on Thursday, October 4th, the drills in iuture will be as foHo\\"s :- Tuesdays at King's Cross Granary at 7.30 p.m. i Thursdays at Bread Street at 7.30 p.m . i Fridays at Finsbury Park at 7 30p.m. A regular and punctual attendance is desired . lVinier Classes. Printed notices will be issued within the next few days. BaJldages. Efficient members not yet supplied are requested to apply to me for same . EmllZlIlatlOlIJor Ser,rt'allts.- This \Iill take place at the end of October. Those who intend to compete are ad\'ised to read up carefully, and attend the drills. Firs~ ..did Jou1"llal. -::'I1 e~be.rs of ~he Di\'ision are recommended to read thIS Journal. It contams mterestmg articles on ambulance work, brigade orders, &c. Dri \'er A~hton and others will be pleased to arrange for a regular supply. Price rd . per month. Camp at 11[argate.- The Chief Superintendent reports "ery fa\'ourably on the O"eneral conduct of the members who attended, and I trust all "'ill try bto keep up our name and :rs.e e\'ery.en dea your to make the di\'ision second to none. Our dIVISIOn furnished part of winning teams for the smartest turn o.ut.. and the" Ec;les" Ch alleng:e Cup. I wish to thank Sergeant Pllllhps CSt. Jo~n s Gate) fSI. h~s attention to our men.- THO~lAS 1\ . P.·\.IXTEH, Supenntendent. h . l11g s Cross, 2gth Sept., 18g+.

- - - :0: - - - -

:fSre\)itieB. A correspondent writes : -" ~I:tny il1\'alids are just now p.reparing, like the proverbial s\\"a11 ow, to qtllt these shores fo r \\'armer chmes. To:tll such I would especially commend. the Do\:er and CalaiS route. .-r:he boats are good sea-go ing ~hips, the deck-cabll1s are excellent, the cU1s~ne carefully selected. and capItally sen'ed, \\ ]:Ile the courtesy and attentIOn of the officials are all that could be deSIred. The London, Chatham, and Dover Railway trains on the suburban routes may not be quite up to date but their Channel sen'ice still holds the field . I took an invalid' oyer a few weeks since, and I could not help being impressed with the careful and kindly way in which assistance was rendere? when required and I am desirous of bearing my testimony to the k1l1dness and cou~(esy of the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway staff of all grades with whom I came in contact."

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~ric~cte

Btnbulance.

OUR 'esteemed contemporary The Hospital in referring to t~e want of an ambulance vehicle at Stalybridge, says : -" T he Comm Ittee of the Sick X tlrsing Association are desirous of raising a fund for the purchase of a tricycle ambulance for the conve):ance ?f cases of accident to the district infirmary. Doubtless the Idea Will commend it£elf to many liberal people as soon as they reflect upon the .unnecessary amount of suffering inflicted frequenty during the transIt of the injured by unsui table conveyance." ow, with all defer~nce to our co ntemporary, we may venture to express the. hope that the Idea WIll not commend itself to many liberal people until the proposed appara.tus has been submitted to and approved of by some com peten t authonty. A g ood cycle ambulance has yet to be designed.

A I D .

[October, 189 4.

Q!OlTC~pontl'en(,c. NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. L etters to the Edzlors must be 'Written on olle szde oj the fJaper O!l~)" (Iud must be acc011lpam'ed by tlte 1lame a nd address of the sender, as a guarantee of o'ood jazllz . n re do ?lot 71eccssarzl.y Idcllt(fy oltrse/'['cs 'lulll" ti,e ne'Ws held bl' our corrcspondcnts. To the Editors oj "FIRST Am." SIRs,-I have recei'i'ed specimen copies of your admim.ble paper: To my mind it is just the thing that the i\mbulance Bnga~e reqUlressomethinO' in which we can discuss our difficulties and gne\'ances, and from \\'hiclr we l11:ty dra\\' \'aluable assistance as"e read of 'the experiences of others. As an Official of a Corps in a manufacLUring towll, 1 should yery much like to see correspondence c:nried on in your paper as to the best method of organizing, equipping, and maintaining in efficiency such a Corps as our 0\\"11, Here, in the :;:-..rorth of England. thousands of men are annually satisfying the Examiners in first aid, but we find only a yery insignificant number of these attach themseh'es to the "anous Corps at present existing. \ Vhat we want is a really efficient meLh.OLI of organization suited to a manufacturing district Corps; some routme of work Ito keep the efficiency up ; combined action through )11t Lhe whole Brigade i :t really active Headquarters Staff who would take an intere. t in what is going on out of London; and, above all, some method of promotion by merit, to infuse into the Brigade some "ESPRIT n-:: CORT'S." A:'\S\\'ERS TO CORRE PO:,\DE:\TS. E. Lockington.- You lI'ill find your question answered in another column . L. \Y.-:\Iuch obliged. ,-\. \Yinslade, F. H. Turner, II . A. Stillwell.-Thanks for cultings. C. J. Tlimble.-Thanks very much . SI1:tll be pleased to hai'e news from your district. T. A. P., J. W. , \Y. H . \V., !\. P.-::'Iluch obliged for your reports. J. Spencer.-\Ye ha'i'e sent on the ~os. you asked for. l\I any thanks. A. H. K ., J. P., T. F . X .- Much obliged for your contributions, but obliged to condense on account of want of space. 1\1rs. Paine.-Many t hanks for suggestions. " 1I:tll-Coa t. "-Your letter although am usi~g is hardly fit for our columns, it ought to be addressed to your Supenntendent. :'Ii ss Lankester, T. H . \Yoolston.-Too late for this number. · - - - :0: - - - FRY'S PCRE CO:-<CE:-<TRATED COCOA.-This cocoa is "ell known to be perfectly free and of the best quality. It is a food containing the due admixture of nitrogenous and non-nitrogenous food principles required for the support of the body. I\ urses ought to bear Fry's cocoa in mind when they haye under their care palienLs \\ ho, in the doctol's opinion, :He able to dige3t a food of this description. :'\OTICE. This Journal will be published on or about the 15th of the month. Advertisements (terms on application) and contributions should be sent in by the loth.

£100 FREE INSURANCE ..A~GAINST

FIRST AID • JOURNAL

No. 5.-VOL. 1.

DEVOTED

[Entered at Stationers' Hal!.]

£100

ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by the a bove Insurance Com pan y to the Legal represelllati \'es of any person killed by an accident to the train ::1 wh ich the deceased was an ordinary passenger, or \\ho shall have been fatally inj ured thereby, should death result within :q hours after such accident. Provided that at the time of such accident the person so killed or fatally injured was the owner of FIRST AID for the current month, conta ining this Coupon leg ibly signed with his or her usual signature in ink or pencil, both t ime and signature being of the essence of the contract. SlgllafU1'e . .................................................................................. .......................... .................. .

SPECIAL NOTICES. Regi stere d T e legraph ic Addre::: s -" ARTERY, LGNDON." Arrang e ments h a ve b een m a de w i th Mes srs. W . H . Smith & S o n t o h a v e " Firs t A Id ,. on s ti e at their b ooks t alls throu g-hout th e Kin g do m. I t may a lso be o b t a m e cl at Messrs. Wini n g' S b oo ks talls.

\ Ve t ake this opportuni ty of again reminding our reade rs that this journal is not the official organ of 3.ny Society or Association, its columns being open t o the members of any first aid body, mi litary or civi lian . We sh all , at all limes, be glad to receive items of news from any source likely to interest our varied subscribers and readers.

:JSre"tttes.

ALTHOUGH in other parts of this Journal weha\"e made some rather strong remarks on the duties of Railway Companies as regards firsl aid, we do not in any way wish to underrate or depreciate the work that the Companies haYe already accomplished. Take for instance the Great Eastern Railway, which has recently held a competition amongsl its various corps. Out of 22,000 emp!oyes, it numbers 856 first-aiders, and spends a considerable amount (not slaled) in order t~") further the work, "\Ve are also aware that the Great Northern, North London, and Midland Railway Companies haye a good many men who are qualified to render assistance to the injured.

THIS, we take it, is the first step towards obtaining a mode l railway ambulance service. If lhe men can be got to work so as to pass the examinations, and show some en thus iasm in the cause, we ha\'e no doubt but that the proper plant and material will follow in course of time. The question of transport will arise, that is, a proper and systematic method of com'eying the injured from the scene of the accident to the nearest hospital or their own homes. I N order to know exactly wh at is being done, we ilwite the railway com panies to send us for pu blication partiCL1lars of their ambulance work . Information as regards the total n u mber of men who ha\"e become firsl-aiders, the respeclive numbers at the different station or depots, lhe number of stretchers and where they are placed, and a Ii t of any other plan t that is ayailab le. IT affords one great pleasure to see how useful nurses are on the occasion of a g real crowd or procession like th at on L ord Mayor'S D ay. T h ere is n o do ubt that it is extremely desirous t o have n urses p resent t o treat membe rs of their own sex. On t hat occasion we noticed that most of the cases altended to were those of ladies fa inting, and it was most gra tifying lo see lhe careful and lender manner in which they we re treated by the sister in charge. It mu st be more pleasan t fo r a woman to be attended to by a nurse th an by a man, even th oug h h e be in uni form.

Address ................................................ ................................. ............. ,................................... ..

T hi s I nsurance is limited to one Coupon to each bokllir, and is not in vali dated by any I nsurance with this or any other Accident Company. I t is subject to the ordinary conditions of the Association 's Accident Poli cies, and is in force fro m m idn ig h t, 15th October, 189-l-, un til midnight, 15th N ovember, 1894.

Printed for the Proprietors by W. J. GOODlI, 88, Olerken\vell Road, and publish ed by ALAN PALMER, nt 11 , Lhc1gai;c H ill, E.C.

AMBULANCE

NO V E1V{BER, 1894.

ACCIDENTS

Will be paid to the Representati\'es of the purchaser of FIRST AID in case of death as provided below, by Th e S i ckness and Accident Assurance Association, Ltd. IIead Office :-:-1-, YaHK PLACE, EDI:-oIBURGH . London Office :-6-1-, .\IOORGATE STl(EET, LO~DOX , E.C. To whom notice of Claims under the following conditions must be sent WITH r ~ THREE DAYS. Appli c abl e to ' Passenger Trains in Great Britain & Ire land .

VVE sec by a paragraph in th e Ttlnes t h at th e N orlh E astern R ailway Co mp any has don e a nd is do ing some goo d work in the way of ambulan ce service. I t provides stretchers, ban dages a nd t ourniq uets, an d encourages the

WORK.

P R ICE ONE PENNY.

fo r mat ion of ambulance classes, and gives the medallion o~ the St. J oh n Ambulance A sociation free of cost to all its servants who become entitled to it. A large number of classes have been held at \'a riou tations on the line . In addition, a room is fitted up at York Station where stretchers and a "'heeled litter are always in readines . vVe sincerely hope that tht: directors will see their ,,'ay to go a little further and pro\"ide depots, at each of which a railway ambulance wagon properly fitted up should be kept ready to be sent out at short notice. ------:0: --------

1RationaI 1beaItb $octet~.

(Established 1871, Incorporated ~ovember 6th, 18g.j.). Offices: 53, Berners Street, \V. Pa/ronesses-II.R.U. Princess Christian; H. R. H. Princess Louise, .\Iarchioness of Lome; H. R. H. Prince::>s ;\1:11')' Adelaide, Duchess of Teck; n.R.H. Princess \'ictClr Hohenlohe, Langenburg; Her Grace the Duchess of \Ve.~tminster. ?resllle~lt His Grace the Duke of \Vestminster. Vicl-Presu!tIlt-The MarqUIS of Salisbury. ecreia r,.-.\ 1iss F. Lankester. The object of the Association is to diffuse the knowledge of the laws of health in every pos;ible way amongst all classes of ociet),. Lectures-"'::.1any hundreds of simple, practical lectures, illustrated by diagrams, have been gi\'en at mothers' meetIngs, workinO' men's clubs, school-rooms, and other pbces, b/ ' competent teachers, in most of the poorer parts of London, on all' and ventibtion, food and cookery, the prevention of the spread. of infectious disease, and the management of babies. The practICal result of these lectures has been most satisfactory. Leaj1ds-Large numbers of cheap sanitary tracts, leaflets, and health almanacs ha\'e been published, sold, and distributed by the society. Pnzes- The society has endeayoured to give all possible encouragement to the teaching of the la \\"s of health and domestic economy in high sch~ols and elementary schools in London and other to\\"I1S, by offenng prize3 both to teachers and pupils. .Dra'willg Room Lec/uJ"ts-The society organises anti arranges classes and courses of lectures 0:1 domestic hygiene, nursing the sick, first aid to the injured, house san~ tation and cookery. Examinations are held, and certificates of merit and medals awarded. These courses are held in drawing-rooms, sc1.1001rooms, town halls, vestry halls, and other buildings. Further particulars can be obtained from the secretary. House .)aJlitatlOn-The commiLLee are glad to facilitate the action of members in arranging for the sanitation of their own dwelling houses. J [embersh,p-Members o~ the society are entitled to a ticket for all lectures gi\'en under its auspices, the use of its di:tgrams, &c., and a copy of all its publications. Membe.rship is constituted. by the payment of £1 IS. annually i life membershIp by Lhe single payment of £10 105. Subscriptions or donations will be gladly received at the office, 53, Berners SLreet, Oxford Street, ,V. - - -- :0: - - - -

JFir~t ~ii) anti' tDe JrtlCl'cantile jJirlnrine. SPEECH BY SIR ALBERT ROLLlT, ::'II.P., AT HULL. T the annual distribution of the Sl. John Ambulance Assoc:iation medallions and certificates at Hull by ::'I1rs. "'alter S. Bailey, which was held under the pre5idenc), of the '\1a)'or, Sir Albert Rollit, M.P., delivered an address on ambulance work, in the course of which he said that he had ad\'ocated the claims of the St. John Ambulance Association upon public support when he was Mayor in 1882, and when the first Uull branch of the Association was founded. The Order of SL. John was the )[aLional Order of Bencl'olence, whosc object it was to further works of hunllnity awl chariLy, \\ithout regard to creed, race or clime i to render first aid for the saving of life and limb i to give trained aid and nursing to the sick poor i and to promote a O'eneral knowledge of these things through the Ambulance i\ssociation, and by classes and examinations,and thedistribution of certificates and meuallions. As to nursing, the Association had noL only helped the helpless, but it had O'iven great and useful careers to lhousands of women, many of who~ might have othen\ ise passed hopeless and aimless lives j and in this and in :tmbubnce and oLher work the rel'Orl showed that the lIull Centre had done well, and notably so by addresses upon the subject of trades injurious to health and the necessary preventive precalltionsfor without this Parliament could do liLLIe of legislation-upon convalescent cookery and other practic:tl subjects. Now, he asked them to go a step further, to remember that IIull was a prosperous port and to

FIRsrr

At n.

[Nove mber,

1 S94.

pr~"idc

first aid for the se'lmen on their trading sh ips, with which obFct his sister, :'IJrs. Rtiley, who had distributeJ their certificates, would find the means for them of establishing two free classes at two Centres (applause). Commerce and civilisation are advancing among them, and with these came greater risk of life and limb, and of accident, which it was their public and private duty to try to alleviate. The truest sign of real civilisation was provi<;ion for the poor, and they should always remember the great practical example of a Hull man \\-illiam Wilberforce-in founding in the, last century the society for bettering the condition of the poor, which was the first step towards that organized and systematic effort for benevolent purposes in which consisted the great glory of our own age, and which would be the brightest page in the record of the nineteenth cenLury (applause). By such means hope had replaced horrors in our military and civil hospitals; the atrocities and perils of war had been in part redeemed; and the lil'es of men and women had been consecrated to the public service by works ,,·hich an empress had fitly described as, " It is our way of O'oinD' under fire! " (loud applause). Lives had thus been saved, pain'" pre~ yen ted, and transport of the sick made easy, while the doers of such works had learned the luxury of doing good, and had realised the truth of· what their great townsman, Andrew :'lIar vel , had written . How much one man can do if he both act and know (applause). But for this result, systematic teaching must be substituted for the rule of thumb, and he must express their obligations to their honoraryin slructors and the medical profession-now the teachers of conservative surgery. Ile congratulated the winners of medallions and certificates which were ensig11s of high honour. Among them was the Mayore~s, who had thus helped the :'layor to help the town, and this fact reminded him that at a recent great ambulance meeting at the People's Palace at the East End of London he had presented, on behalf of the Order certificates for both nursing and first aid to the Duchess of Bedford, 'who spent much time at the London Hospital, and who, not content with good works, was now preparing for re-examination for the Association's medallion (applause). So, too, the Royal Family headed such ex,:-mples to the nation. The .Queen was the Sovereign head, the PrInce of \Vales th~ Grand Pnor of the Order of St. John, and the Duke of York its Sub-Prior; Princess Beatrice and the Duchess of Albany had taken its certificates; the Princess Christian had translated the best book on first aid from the German; and while those who were present respected rank, they nevertheless felt that kind hearts were worth more than coronets, and r~verenced the more those who led the way in the great modern crusade, which had for its object to narrow the kingdoms of disease and death (loud applause). On the motion of the :'fayor, seconded by Colonel Haworth-Booth, and supported by Alderman Seaton and Dr. Craven, a hearty vote of thanks were passed to :'IIrs. Bailey and to S!r Albert Rollit for his address. The Mayoress, ~hJor ScajJlI1!{, Captam Cowie, Councillor Crook, .'.1>. J. French Thompson, and Doctors J. iVright Mason, Stothard Aikman Dennison Milburn and Mu rdock were amongst those present ~n the pl~tform. '

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1Rurses' <tOlnnllt. KNO\\'ING that a large number of nurses take a great interest in, and read, this Journal, we intend to devote this column to information especially interesting to nurses. \Ve shall be glad to receive communications with reference to nurses' classes, reports of special lectures, reports and doings of nurses' associations, hints about district nursinD' and an r other items relatinO' to Lhe subject. "" We hear that ilIr. S. Osborn, Chief Surgeon of the Metropolitan Corps, St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade, has undertaken the duties of Surgeon to the Sl. J ohn's Gate Nursing Division, and is devoting a good deal of time in order to give the necessary instruction. COOKERY FOR INVALIDS AND THE SICK. ApPLE SOl'FFLE.-Bake six large cooking apple.;, and when they are soft scrape out the pulp with a spoon, put it into a basin and flavour with 2 or 3 drops of essence of lemon and a teaspoonful of lemon juice, and a hea ped up tablespoonful of castor sugar. \Yhi sk the white of two eggs into a stiff froth, and then stir it into the apple pulp quickly beating until quite light. Pour this into a small metal dish and bake in a quick oven, unLil it has risen well. Dust little more sugar over the top and serve luke warm. EGG AND :'I[TLK (" Fup." )-IIeat a teacupful of new milk to the boiling point, using a double milk boiler if YOll ha\'e one, and in the meantime \1 hisk the \\hite of an egg to a stiff froth, and dusl a little pepper over it, and a teaspoonful of castor sugar. Pour the boiling hot milk slowly on to the egg-froth, beating thoroughly and serve. Brandy can be added if desirable. The pep Fer prel'ents flatulence. EEL BROTII -Clean a quarter of a pound of siil'er eels, and chop them into small pieces. Put them into an enamelled stewpan with 3 pints of soft \\'ater, a sprig or two of parsley, a slice of onion, and 8 or 10 peppercorns, and a grating of nutmeg. Stew slowly with the lid off until the eels are broken and the liquor reduced to half the quantity. Se::tson \'ery lightly with salt and strain off. This is very nutritious and is improved in appearance by adding a teacupful of finely minced parsley. Some medical men would prefer the parsley should be omitted. When cold this should form a sa\'or)' jelly. If sen'ed warm (not hot) a few fine baked breadcrumbs or biscuit powder may be added to it with adl·antage.

dr'in ;lSrig-abe 'N ot £~ ,

TlIE CO:\IING TOURNA:'IIE~T. IN a circular issued to British Fire Brigades, Captain Folker asks that Brigades who are prepared to support the Union on the occasion of the pl'oposed second Internati onal Fire Tournament in April ne.xt, will send in their names at once to him at Guildford, stating how many men they will be able to spare for exhibition drills, and \1 hat class of drills they propose to do; also how many days they desire to take pal L, and who will represent them on the Special Committee that is to be appointed to arrange for foreign visitors. Should the Tournam ent be arranged it will extend over ten days, during which time it is proposed to devote certain days to Brigades attached to the Union, for the purpose of giving exhibit ion drills. A money grant will be made to such BriD'ades and well-trained horses and drivers will be provided for engines, &c., a't the Hall. It is proposed that challenge shields or cups shall be presented to each Di:,trict of the Union, to be competed for by members of their own Districts for certain drills, to be defined later. The All-England Challenge t\hield or Cup will be open to all comers. Chief :::luperintendent Church Brasier is al rangi ng 1\ hat should prove an JIlterestlllg item in the programme in connection \\'ith his special department, in which both Ambuhl11ce Firemen and members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade will take part. It is probable that the Massey-Mainwa ring Challenge Cup, open to the M etropolitan Corps of the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade, will be competed for during the Tournam ent, provided the Committee will sanction the addition of this item to the programme.

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5t. 30bn Blnbulance Bssociation. . BRADFORD.-The annnal meeting of this Centre was held on 2nd inst. 111 the Town Hall. In the absence of the Mayor (Ald. \Yhitley) the Rev. J. Park Noble was voted to the chair. The secretary read the annual report, which stated that the railway companies had taken fir~t aid up III earnest, and a large class had been held at the :'lidland Station. In connection with the School Board 59 persons had recei\'ed instruction al~d .55 had obtained cert ificates. Two large classes had been held at GlI'hngton \Vesleyan Schools. The chairman stated that since the establishment of the Bradford Centre, 1,028 men had completed a course of in structio:l in first aid, and 833 received certificates. During that time 91+ women had taken lessons in first aid and 303 had been instructed .in nursing. Of these 687 took certificat~s in first aid, and 2+3 for nursmg. The Mayor of Bradford for the ensuing year (whoever may eventually be elected) was elected president with Dr. \V. G. Burnie as chairman, and Dr. Sam Lodge as vice-chairman, :\1r. F. A. Aykroyd was re-elected hon. secretary. . CUARLTON .-The presentation of certificates and medallions by the Right H on . Lord Sandhurst took place on Friday, 26th October, in the Assembly Rooms, Old Charlton. Amongst those on the platform were the Rev. C. Wltherby (who presided in the absence of Col. Grubb chairman of the Centre), Mr. MacLean MacLean, Captain \Voollett \Loca,1 Hon. Secretary) Dr. Berna?s, i\lr. Allen Bu~nett, Mr. ~hanney, &c., &c. The chairman, In openll1g the proceedll1O's mentioned the interest that had been taken in the work by those in the' neiahbourhood and hoped that tl-e residents would come forward in laro~ numbers t~ take advantage of these ~1asses. The Local Ilon. SecreE'1rY (Captain iV oollett) then ~ave statIstICS by which It appeared that there had been two classes dUrIng the past season-one being for ladies. He a lso mentIOned that amongst the numbers who bad come up for re-examinatlOl1 were seven memuers of the police force, which latter statemen t caused appla use. Th e presentation of the certificates and medallions +2 in number, having taken place, Lord Sandhurst tben addressed th~ meeting, and gave a most interesting speech on the origin and work of the Order of St. John, of which the Ambulance Association is a branch and concluded by recommending all those who could to go through thes~ .classes, a~ld make themselves acquainted with the principles of first a id. fhe chall-man then proposed a vote of thanks to Lord Sandhurst for coming to Chariton to present the certificates, wbich \\'as carr ied with applause. Votes of tbanks to Dr. Bernays, who had lectured to the classes,. and to the Rev. C. With erby for presiding were carried with enthusIasm,. and resp.onded to in fitting terms. The proceedings were enlIvened With a cap ita l concert, a good prOD'ramme beinD' provided' many of the songs Deing received with well-de~erved encore~. ' GLASGOw.-The new ambulance classes for all grades have been started at Queen Street Station, and it is rumoured that before the end of the season a cup will be found for annual competition on the or1h

Nove mber, I 894. J

FIRST

British system . The North British are behind in this respect. The , Caley" have had a cup for four years, and the GlasgolV and South 'Western got t~~irs some time ago, and most of the English railll'aymen have a competitive cup. ISUNGToN.-The certificates gained by the successful pupils at the clas~es held in connection with the Islington Presbyterian Literary Society were presented on Monday, October 29th, at the schools in Colebrooke Row, by Mr. George C. T. Bartley, M.P. The chair was taken by.the Rev. II. ::\"orwell, M.A., and among5t those pre5ent connected with ambulance work were Mr. Alan Palmer, TIon. District Secretary, Miss Ray, Miss 'W eston, and Mr. T. D. Bluett. ;\[r. Bartley said the work was brought closely h )me to him in that his son was sufferi~g from the ef!ects of a bad. accide~t, but he was pleased to report that hiS son had gamed a first aid certificate, and at the time was able to render to him self very material assistance. POLYTECHNTC.-A special cOllrse of lectures to ladies only on rendering first aid to the injured and tending the sick will be delil'ered at the Polytechnic, Regent Street, by Mr. Andrew Clark, F.R.C.S., on Tuesday afternoons, commencing Tuesday next, at three o'dock. The Polytechnic is the largest ambulance centre in Lonrlon, and more ladies h;tve been awarded certificates from this centre than from any other in the country. REDHTLL.-On Friday: evening, the 2~d in st. a very interesting ceremony was performed 111 the S .E.R. StatIOnmaster's office when the certificates and badges were presented to the candid ltes' \\'ho were successful at the recent examination. There were present Sir ~ryles Fenton, Geneml Manager of the S.E.R., Doctor and :\Irs. Palmer, and Mr. S":ann. ~tationmaster : Sir l\1yl.es Fenton undertook the duty of present.lng each member "'lLh the certificates and badges, and he said it ga\:e hJlll great pleasure to be able to speak so highly of the good sen'ice which has already been done by the members of this branch two cases having. been brought to his notice-one by ~h.unter Le Bull ~llending to a cyclIst With a fracture, and also Porter fltchener StOpplllO' a severe flow of blood from an artery. Sir Myles Fenton s... id there wer~ ol'er one hundred members of the S.E.R. Brigade, and forty cases of first aid had been rendered in the short time the Brigade had been formed. lIe was always ready Lo h.el p any cause tha t wa~ bene~cialto any of the company's sen'ants. At.thls p:trt of the procee~lIlgs. SIr Myles Fenton presented Dr. Palmer \\Ith an umbrella WIth an III SCrIptIOn. In acknowledO'inO' the present, Dr. Palmer said he thanked the members very much ;"and he was perfectly satisfied that all the membel s were capable of renderinO' first aid; he also thanked them for the keen interest they had taken i~ a~tending ~1l the lectures. ~nd drills. A vote of thanks was passed to Sir ~Iyles 1< enton for presldlllg, also to Dr. Palmer which brought an interesting meeting to a close. ' SEL[lY ~. E. R. BRANcH.-An interesting meetinO' of the above was held in the ~ pper Goods office on Sunday, October 28fh, when some very smart practical ambulance work was gone through by Messrs James and Bartle of the Hull (::\". E. R.) .centre, after which Mr. James put the ?~lby men to the test of sholl'lIlg their knowledge of first aid to the lIlJured, the several movements being gone throuO'h very creditably by the members. At the close, a second class was formed and many names were g:iven by th?se wishing to become members. Dr. ~l. A. Kenny "ery kllldly pr011l1sed to become the lecturer. A hearty vote of thanks wa 7 accorded to Messrs James and Bartle for their assistance that day, which was ably responded to by both O'entlemen. ~ '" STREET.-An ambulance class SHIPMASTERS 'S OCIETY, l'ENCHURCH ~ade up of thirteen captains and orficers and one landsman is now belIlg held at the rooms of the Shipmasters' Society, under the teaching of Dr. A. M. Cato, of I53, Fenchurch-street. II is intended to continue the classes dlll ing the winter for the convenience of seagoing men who can attend. At end of last lecture of the first aid series, Dr. Cato read a short paper on "Course and treatment of some fatal cases of disease met with at sea." This included the following :-Asiatic cholera acute dysentery, scurvy, sunstroke, apparent death from cold, strangulated herma (rupture), and retention of urine. A discussion took place afterwards. - -- : 0 : - - FrRsT FIRST-A rD .-Wanted directions. simple . as possible, and easy to. comply :with, for detecting deleterious Impu~ltle s m the water supplIed to sh Ips for use on board. D raw n from nvers and more doubtful sources it is sometimes charged with animal and veD'etable orD'anisms a~d inorganic matter to an extent dangerous to health.-A. G. FtWUD, Lleut. R.~.R., Secretary, Shipmasters' Society, London. I'Ve have. submitted th~ above question to an expert, and have been fa.voured With the fo!lowl.ng reply. "If the water is highly charged With organIc matt~r, It wIll sme ll strong and offensive on boiling. A m~:~ delI cate test IS to e,:aporat~ a few drops on a slip of glass over a Spl1lt lamp; the ash Will consist of whatever so luble a nd insoluble matter the water contains A microscope will reveal the nature of the ash, whether organic or inorganic. A further application of heat lInLler ~he g~ass will call~e organic mall~r to blacken . If the quantity of Impl1I1~y: pr.esent wlll not develop Its presence under these tests, the probabIlIty IS that the waler 15 as pure as most drinkinD' water which is never quite pure when obtained from natural sources. These ~re merely rough tests, but sufficient for ordinary purposes,"

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1Rote5

By "TOUR::\"WUET."

THE Editor has sh ow n me aletter from 1\1r. Painter of the Great North e rn Rail \Va y, taking me to task for the mistake I made last month. I can on ly expre. s my regret to Mr. Painter and the Great Northern Railway, gi\'ing as my excus.:: the fact that it occurred in the daily papers. .;< ,'f, '.'

I AM requ ested to state that Friend's concert brought in a profit of £20 5S. 6d' l which sum was handed over to him the other night at a little supper given by a few officials of th e St. John Ambulance Brigade_ I congratulate the organizers of the concert on the result. ~ 7.' '* I A:-.r sorry to hear that Friend lost his Ql/l've,medal on Lord Mayor's Day. \Vhile he wa engaged in getting through the crowd to help some person fainting, it was torn from his tunic, whether by accident or design he does not know. If any of our readers should hear of it, perhaps they will kindly communicate with us_ --::.. -;$-

Is it true that the confere~~ce of hon. surgeons and chief officers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, ploposed to be held at I ' o rthampton at the end of the month is (0 be po tponed? I ,yonder why? ,'"

,'f,

?I-

I WAS very much struck when at the Great Eastern Railway competition at Stratford the other day at the splendid display and capital first aid treatment shown by the winning team-Liverpool ·treet. 1\ or\i'ich Thorpe, who won last year, seemed to lose their heads.

*' *'

No, no, my young friend~ croton oil is not the best recipe for a bad burn or scald, although you may have seen it carried in ships' medicine chests. VVhat about carron oil? *','f, 'KIs it a fact that a member of the Volunteer Ambulance Association in a recent examination placed a tourniquet upon the right femoral artery to arrest h cemorrhage from the right lung, and gave as 11is reason that the femoral led to the lung? ?~

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SERGT.-MAJOR '\"VATERSO:\, looked very happy at the V .M.S.C. Bohemian concert with such an array of ladies facing him . Sergt. ,\V. B. C. Bell and Sergt. F. \V. Bradbury, in mess array, attracted a lot of attention I but the Sergt.-Major wa in no wise outdone o '"

SERGT.-MAJOR C. \VILLIA~~S, A.M.S ., whose name was brought forward tor distinguished sen-ice at Abu Klea, and who receiyed the badge, seemed delirrhted to be with the" boys." lost of the members of tIle V.1r.S.C. haye passed through his hands at ~-\lder hot. oJ(.

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iVIrss ETHEL STOKES is eyidently not recei\'ing the support needed for the formation of the Lad.es l Volunteer Ambulance Corps I am afraid she will not be able to carry the schel1l.e tbrough.

*'-:f. 'K-

I HA'-E just seen a specimen leaded light which ought to be useful to First-aider who wi ·h to place their services at the disposal of the public for ambulance tluty_ It is a round piece of gla with the ·t. John's Cross painted in tran sparency upon it l with the \Yords" t. John Ambulan ce Brigade" roune1. It is intended to be let into a fanlight over a door, or into a lamp, and will help the police and others who desire as istance in ca e of accidents. The price is nominal-only three shilling'.

FIRST TO OUR READERS. As it is our most earnest wish and desire to make this J ournal as attractil'e as possible, we beg correspondents in all parts of the country to give it all the help they can. lYe hope the Superintenden~s of Corps and Officers of Dil'isions of the t. John Ambulance Bngade, and Officers of the \ 'olunteer ;'I [edical Staff Corps, and the \ Tolunteer Ambulance School of Instruction, will do their best to make it known amongst their respective corps, and also will send for publication their official news. TER~IS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

FOR 12 months , IS. 6d , pO t free, to be sent to " The Publisher," Alan Palmer, IT I Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. TELEGRAPHIC AnnREss-tt ARTERY, LOi'lDo:\."

FIR 8~ [' AID IS

~\OVEJ1[ BER,

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Sr;':CE we wrote on this subj ect last m onth, 'ORTHALLERTO:\ we are glad to see that it 'has been fairly RAILWAY . 11 1las ACCIDE;\lT. we 11 d'ISCU e d'In t I1e .L7'.'Z771CS, IV 1lie publish ed letters from ProfessN L~n\] a n dale, Surgeon-Major Hutton, 1\[r. ,Vaywnan Dixon, Maj or-General Blunt and other, giving particulars of th e ambulance work tllat was done at the :scene of the accident, and al 0 offering sugge lions in the direction of railway ambulance so as to in crease its effi..:iency. In another column we also publi h a m o t interesting letter from the Hon. Sec. of th e J\liddl esb ro' and Cleyeiand Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association, describing the exact first aid work that was rendered . It seems that the scene of the accident wa not on the Great orthern Railway, as we su pposed, and took for granted from the accou nts in the daily papers, so an apology is due from u s to that company for being led into making that mistake. \V e are yery pleased indeed to find that first aid was effectively rendered by m e mb ers of the Ambulan ce Corps of the 'orlh Eastern R ailway Company, and also to see that organized assistance was so readi ly available. There was, h owever, apparently some little difficulty in the way of tran sport, as considerable time was taken up in con\!eying the injured men to the h ospital, which shows the necessity of arranging for the transport of the patients as well as for the first aid treatment. In our last number we mentioned, as part of the plant required for railway ambu lance work, "a raihvay wagon fitted up as a small hospital with beds and appliances," and by a curious coincidence Professor Annandale in the Tzines suggests a similar arrangement. Major-General Blunt th inks that fir t aid appliances ought to be placed in th e guard's van of eyery train. Surgeon-Major Hutton, the organizing commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Association, writes :-" It is possible to a k for too mucb, and, looking at it in a practical way, the question arises, 'How many carriages would be required, and where would they be placed over a large syste m like most of our big railways?" further, ' I have no hesitation in sayin g that the ambulance system now in u se by the I orth Eastern Rail\Vay Company only requires to be efficiently maintained on a permanent basis ." On considering the different opinions expressed by the abo\'e-named correspondents, it appears clear to us th at a model railway ambulance sen'ice sh ould include a railway ambulance carriage or \vagon properly fitted up, toget her with the other requisites that we enumerated in our last number j but the great question of expense crops up, and it is thought that in asking R ailn'ay Companies to provide this plant it wi ll be asking" too much" of them. vVe must confess to being somewhat surprised at Suro'eonM ajor Hutton's remark, "that the present systen;' on ly requires to be maintailled on a permanent basis." VI e should have thought that his experience would have

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November, 1894.J

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c01winccd him. that the present syste m is capable of improvemen t. 'With referenr;e to, the expens~, Mr. G .. F. Armstrong, in the Tzines, says, ' the financIal questIOn would soon settle itself in a reduced outlay on death compensation ." This bring us to the crucial point of the matter which is- ,Vill it pay the R ailway Companies to provid~ a properly eq~lip~ed ambu lance. seryic~ ? \Ve maintain, and haye mal11ta1l1 ed 1ll a prenous art icle, that the Directors would be compcnsated for the nece 'a ry outlay by the reduced amount they 'w ould have to pay in the way of damages for injuries and deaths caused by acciden ts. There ca n be no doubt whate\'er that the Companies will come to the conclusion that the policy h ere advocated is the ri<Tht one and that the more interes t th ey display in the fi~st aid 'treatment and transport of their injured passen <Ters the more ,,-ill those lines carrying out this broad-~linded "iew be patronised by the public. ,Ve shall from tim e to time reye rt to this question, and give particulars of the ambulance organization of each Company as far as they ca ll be obtained, in the hope of bringing about a he althy rivalry \\'hich will benefit not only the Companies but also the general public. This sul:>ject of railway amb'Jiance is on ly one of the branches of o<Teneral ambulance work in which the public . is interested, with each of which we h ope to dcal 111 subsequent llumbers. --------:0:-----

:JSorougb of ~cl(hneJ1 QIlufl.

DISTRIBUTIO:-J OF CERTIFlCATI:.S. HE annua l presentation of ce~·tificates and medallions to the clas~es held In connectIOn With thiS Club took place on October 23nl. The c'1air \\".15 occu pied by the Hon. D. j\"lOroj i, ;'II. P., who was su pported by Chief Supt. Church Brasier, Hon. Surgeon Bird, Supts. Ilelt :tnd Horton, :\11'. Dewell, President of the Club, ;'I[r. R. Gaston, Lady Supt. Church Brasier and many of the nursing sisters of the St. John's Gate Nursing Dll'ision. Prel ious to the presentation, which was kindly undertaken by 1\[rs. Church Brasier, this lady was presented with a magnificent bouquet of flowers by ;Vliss Goodwin. Mr. ::\aoroji, who on rising was greeted with loud cheers, said he had accepted the invitati on to be present with pleasure, as he took a great interest in ambulance work. The present century wa, specially noted for the brgc number of humanising institutions that had been established, which sho\l'ed a marked progress in humanity. [n 186+ the Genel'a Convention passed a resolution that the instruments of surgeons engaged in suraical work, a nd those who attended upon the wounded, should be declared neutral, so that one great stride was made to abate the horrors of war. (Cheers.) But nothing was done for civil life, for tho,e who met with accidents there was no organisation, or anyone trained to assist when an accident took place. In the year 1887 the ambulance a;sociation was started, and gradually the idea was taken up all over the kingdom. (Applause.) ~ow there were branches everywhere, and ambulance worK was £0 well known and appreciated that no long commendation was required from him. Ambulance work had enrolled all classes in its ranks, and the very poorest, eqLlally with the very rich, could help ill the beneficial work . The very beggar in the street could be made an instrument for good by a knowledge of first aid. (Applause.) In concluding he hoped they would progress, and get many thousands to take up t'le work, which appealed to every human being whatever the class, sex, or age. (Loud applause). :\Irs. Church Brasier then presented the certifi cates and medallions, Private II. Sayers took a specia l certificate from the Royal Humane Society for saving life, thi s being about the fifty-first life he had rescued from drowning, and a handsome medal was presented to First Officer Golding for his past service. An exhibition of first a id was then given by Supt. Il ett, Private Mills. and a nur;ing sister, and supposed scalp wounds, fractures of the shoulder and arm were explained . S:Jpt. llett proposed a vote of thank s to 1\[rs. Church Brasier, which Mr. Gastin having seconded , Ch ief Supt. Churcll Brasier, who on rising wJ.s greeted with loud ap;) lause, returneJ thanks and referred to the great strides tha.t the ambulance movement was st ill making amongst all section s of the community, and in conclus ion he urged the club to try and sta rt a women's class, intimatin g that h is wife and several sisters of the Head Quarters Nursing Div ision would be pleased to come down and render any assistance that might lay in their powe r, The usual vote of thanks brought the proceedings to a close. The Divisional drum and fife band played some selections of music during the evening.

@llr IPortrnft <Baller\?

Sn~ G .-COMi\JA!\,DA~T JAMES CA~TLIE, M.A.,M.B., F.R. C.S. FOUI\J)ER OF THE \~OLF;o.,TEER l\1EDlCAL STAFF CORPS.

E pre ent our readers this month with lhe pOl trait W of \'olunteer , urgeon, ",hose name is so familiar at home and abroacl-l\ [r. J ame'i Cantlie :\I.A., J\T.B., a

C M.,

F.R.C.S.

H e graduatcd at Aberdeen, and became Demonstrator of Anatomy at Charinger o 's M edical Sell 00 1, a 11 d afterwal ds a. sislant su rgeon and u b-dean of th at bo<'pital. Mr. Cantlie " ' iII al ways bc remembered for his great en' ices in connection with others in dealing with th e cholera epidemic in Egypt in J 883 . He first belame a volunteer by joining the London Scottish as an acting surgeon. but cycl1tually be left to t:l1\.e up the command of the Voluntcer Hospital Coqr, b, ing-, in fact, its chief promoter and first surgt 01l-C01l1mal ' ciant. It \\'a when ).fr. Cantlie met l\1aj n r .c\ndrew ).Iaclure (at that time a lieu'cnanl in the London Scottish) that he began to <TiYe his attention to ambulance work amongst the yolunt~ers. Two such kindred spirits as these of course "ery oon aw th e necessity and an opening for organ·zation. Mr . Cantlie commenced by en li sting the se rvice of the members of Cbaring Cross Hospital school, and a company was formed to go tbrough the drill required by the medical staff for bearer companies. This company, ha\'ing been trainel, iyaS ilL pecteci, and then the work was taken up elsewhere . After the r, ading of a paper by Surgeon-Major Evatt, A).r.D., on the subiecl of voll1nteer ambulance organization at \ Voolwich, it \Va decidc:d to form a yolunteer hospital corps, A committee \Vas accordingly forme,j with Mr. Cantlie a Hon. Sec ., and after a yast amount of work ll e was a;1pointed surgeon-commandant of the corps. Seyeral London hospitals then formed companies, and Mr. Cantlie raised a company of laymen at the Birkbeck Institute. The first official in spection \\'a<, he:d at \Vellin gton Barrack in J\[arch, I 85, when a good ly number were on parade, and it was eyidenced that the surgeoll-commandant had establislwd a good and useful adjunct to the \'olunteer forces of th e co untry; ind eed, with out su ch a departm ent they would be incompl ete, Som e two years after this the title of the corps was altered, and it became the Volunteer Medical Staff Corps, by which J' an~e it is now so familiar. Greatly owing to Surgeon-Commandant Cantlie's efforts companies were also formed at Edinburgh, Manchester, \.Vool",ich and l\Iaidstone. In 188 7 h e resigned his command and left England for Hong K011O'. He i ' one of th e kindest-hearted of men, and th ose who h ea rd his lectures or attended llis examination s on behalf of the St. John Ambulance Association always rem emb er them with the g reatest pleasure Alt110ugh n 0110nger pre cnt to join us in the good work', he will cye r· be rem embered as that of o ne who cheerfully ga\'e' his time and,thought tor a good cause,

~reat lEa~tern ll\aiHuan ~mflttlance C!rorp$. nIE CO:\IPETITIO:\" FOR TUE CHALLENGE CUP.

rl",IlE series of competitions in connect.ion with this railway, for the Challenge Cup presented by the direCtors of the company has just been concluded. The Cup, which is a yery handsome one, was' first competed.for last year, w~en it was won by the ::\orwich Thorpe team, " 'ho held It for one year 111 accordance \I'lth the rules laid down bl' the .\mbulance Committee. The preliminary competitions held at Parkeston, :\Iarch, Nomich, and Stratford, resulted ill the following teams competing in the final;l:arkeston, ~etcrborou~h, Xorwich. Thorpe, Liyerpool treet, and ~tratfon.l. fhe decldlllg comjJetltlOn between the representatil'e or Ilinning teams from each centre took place at Stratford on ~aturday, :\?I'::!mber yd, an.d was held in the wagon shops. Lord C laud I j~l~ldtrm, the chalrI?an 01 the company, pre5ided, and accompan)'lI1g hIm was hiS niece, Lady Alexandra Hamilton, eldest daughter of the Duke of Abercorn . A large number of the directors and chief officials of the company "ere also' present amono-st "horn we noticed .\ Ir. Bin, general manager, ,\1 r. "'i Ison, the ~ompal~)"s engineer, :\lr. Guel\ond, secretary to the ~ornpany, .\11'. Drury, assi tant superinte'lde:ll of Lhe lIne, and Dr. LOUIS Parkes, the surgeon to the cOllll>any. Ge'1eral regret was expres~ed at the absence of '\lr. !Tolder who had met witb an accident a fell' days previously, and was therefur'e confined to his bed. The competition, which commenced aL one o'clock consisted ?f bandagin~ and ~'I:,d 1'oce ex.amination, single man cal~rying competitiOn, ~he subject carrIed. belllg ln an ajJjJarently suffocaLed condition, arllficlal reSpiratIOn being subsequellLly performed in order to reSLOre . natural breathing. The final part of the programme was a competitIon by stretcher squads of four men lIith a fifth for a subject. The \I'ork on the whole was of an exceedingly high character and proved that much care and atLellLion had been bestowed up;n it not only by the instructors but by the men themseil'es. At the con~ elusion of the competitions the judges (Chief- upt. W. J. Church BraSier and lIon. Surgeon IIeaton C . IIoward of the .\Ietropolitan Corps) ha\'ing retired to consider their decision, The Chairman, whose rising was the signal for an outburst of cheers proving .how popular he is with the employes of the company, said' that dunng the past tweil'e months the members of the Great Eastern •\.mbulance Corps had not been asl.eep. They had largely increased thel~' number5, and, what was more Important, they had added to their effiCiency (applause). Further divisions had been formed in six new centres, and there were now altogether 25 di\'isions, containinO' no less a mem?ership than 85,6 (applaus~). Taking, ro.!ghly sp =aking~ the employe; of the Great Eastern RaIlway Company at 22,000, he hoped that, befor~ another year or a year and a half had elapsed, they would be able to say \11 th Just prIde tha t fi I'e per cen l. of their men belon o-ed to the Amb.!lance Corps (appla~se). O.!t of,the 856 members, duri~g the past year, 5++ had been examined b/ Lhe St. John Ambulance Association and 530 of them passed (hear, hear), which .he ~onsidered highly credit~ able. Out of the n.umber who passed examlJl<ltlOns no fewer than 37+ p~ssed for th~ ~rst time, 77 for the second time, and 69 for the third time, :\meteen diVISions entered for the competition . Five of the di\'isions being large ones, sen~ double Leams; therefore there were 2+ teams in all compelll1g, as ag::'l\lst 19 last year, representing a total of some 120 men (hear) ,hear). I he Challenge Cup la t year was \\'on by :'\ orwich Thorpe. J hetotal number of marks which a team might get in O:le of these compelltlons was .3 0, and the a l'erage number of mal k-; per team of all the t.eams competll1g was no l.e~s th:111 273, or about 7J. per cent. Last ye,u ,t was only 66 per cent. 1 he lowest gained by one team this ye.lr was 39 per cent., whereas last year the figures represented only +8 per cent. \\ hat was most credlt:lble was that out of that high a\'erage no le~s than ~el'en of the competlllg teams competed this year for the first lime. 1 hey were, the~' efore, justified In saying there had been a large a~vance 111 the profiCiency of the members of the Corps. These CompetlLlOIlS kept up the II1terest of the men and their friends 111 a great and noble work, and Lhey also established a healthy rivalry bet:l'een Lhe d: fferen t centres of the Corps. The esta bl ish men t and m<lllltenance 01 these large numbers of divisions cost a considerable sumh of money, hand', . which h the directors advanced with no uno-rudo-inot:> ",;:,' att e same time, t e success of the mOI'ement must be judged by its results, and hef suggested, as the best mea ns of J' udcrinoof those results , t:> ;:, . t h e k eeplllg 0 all accurate record of the many cases of aid in which the mel.nber5 had assisted to alleviate the misery of those Ilho had met with aCCIdent:; (applause). Concluding. the Chairman wished the Corps all success in the future (applause). The result of the competition was then announced by :\fr. A. J. IIill t~e popular secletary.to Lhe amb.ulance committee of the G. E. Railwa/ LlI'erpool SLI:eet St.·won, 333 POll1ts; Parke;ton, 331 points; I\or\'ich, 3:lS POI'ltS; ~tratford (:-Jo. 3 team), 317; Peterboro', 309. Loud cheers greeted the announcement, t'1e cool. and c.uefL~1 work of the winning team hal'lLno- el'oked un,versal admiration dUrIng the pogress of the contest.. ady Alexandra TI armlton then. presented the Cup and other pnzes, a I'er), hand some cert Ificate bell1g also awarded to each tea Ill. A yote of than ks to the judges was proposed by :'IIr. Birt, who said

FIRST

that the honorary services rendered by these genllemen were warmly appreciated by the directors and officials of the Company. Chief Superintendent Church Brasier, who, on rising to reply, was received with cheers said that the competition had gi\'en Dr. Howard and himsel f much pleasure, and they neither of them regretted the time it had taken. He was pleased to note the very marked improvement that had taken place in ambulance work all over the line since the competition of last year. The Great Eastern Railway was one of the first Companies to recognise the value of this instruction to its employes, and had given it its warmest sympathy. He thought they had reason to be proud of the result, and he trusted that the skill and devotion shown by the men in the work would lead to a continuance of this sympathy on the part of the Directorate, and act as a further incentive to the men to retain and improve upon the knowledge they already possessed . Lady Alexandra Hamilton then presented to M r. George Ashton, on behalf of the members of the Corps, the Gold ;\fedallion of the St. John Ambulance Association, in recoO"nition of the warm interest which he had taken in the Corps since its formation. The customary votes of thanks brought to a close a \'ery interesting meeting, and one that I eflecls the highest credit upon all concerned. Before concluding, a special word of praise should be reserved for ;\[r. A. J. Hill, the energetic and indefatigable IIonorary Secretary of the Great Eastern Railway Ambulance Corps. To his devotion to the Ambulance cause mllch of the success of the work on this line is due, and it is paying him no idle compliment to say that it has been in a great measure his personality, coupled with his keen appreciation of the value of the work to railway men, that has not only roused, but has maintained it in the forefront among the many other good \lorks promoted by the Company for the benefit. of their employes.

- - - :0: - - - -

St. 30hn tltnbulance

AID.

[November, r894 .

by ;\I r. D . Dudley, Mr. L ewin, Mr. C . W. Lane, (Chief S uperintendent of Kettering Corps), the Chairman, and Dr. ,\ udland, a most enjoyahle evening being spent. \VEMBLEY.-A Meeting was held on ' Vednesday, October :qth, in the Wesleyan L ecture II a ll , IIigh-street, Ilariesden, for the purpo -e of distributing certificates for first aid and nursing, <lwarded to the successrul competitors in the last examinations, and for the purpose of arousi ng interest in the neighhourhood of IIariesden. J. M . Grant, Esq., J.P ., was in the cha ir, in the much-to-be-regretted absen ce of General Copeland-Crawforu, R.A., the President of the Divi sion. After short addresses from the cha irman and Mr. Nicholls, the loc:l l secretary, Sir Herbert Perrott, the chi ef secretary, gave the history of the Order of St. John from its origin in 1100 to the present day, of the work it had done in the past, and of its work and benefit to suffering huma ni t y in the presen t, in every part ofthe world, regard less of llationa Iit y or creed. During the el'e ningdisplays of bandaging were gone through by the IIarlesden men. Mr. Alan Paull, Superintendentofthe Di\ision, gaye statistics of the work done by men and nurses in his divi sion . Sixtyse\'en cases of first aid had been reported to him during the period since the formation of the dil'ision, a lillie OI'er a year ago, th e nurses, six of whom were present in uniform, giving much time and help in visitation amongst the sick of the neighbourhood, under the superintendence of Dr. Goddard. The cer! ificates, with one medallion, wcre presented to the men by Mr. O . Claud Robson. At the end of the meeting, two sets of splints, &c , were presented by i\[r. Stewart, to the Dil'ision, and were promptly handed over to the tl\'O sergeants. llarrow Ga~elle. A First Aid class is now in progre5s at the :'I[idland Raihuy Goods Depot, 'Yhitecross Street, E.C. Lecturer Dr. :'IIanyn, and :'Ilr. II. J. Carter, lIon. Sec.

P ROVI:\ CIAL CO R PS.

jJ3riga~e.

METROPOLITAN CORPS. LORD MAYOR'S DA Y.-As usual the St. John Ambulance Brigade turned out for duty on this occasion. There were various stations placed along the route, at many of whi ch wagons were posted, and the following Surgeons were in charge. Uhief Surgeon :-'. O sborn, Hon. Surgeons Gordon Brown, ,Yo B . Jones, Heaton C. Howard, J. Bremner, A. C. Tun stall. and J. C. Round. As far as one could ascertain there were about qo officers and men on duty with 30 nurses. There was a "ery fair attendance on the part of the public, though not we believe coming 11 p to that of past years and the sho\\' itself decidedly was not equal to its ple<1ecesso~s. The casualties were not numerous, being only about 50, and most of them faints, nothing yery serious being reported. In the evening the officers and men of the Brigade had supper together at St. John's Gate, and spent a pleasant time. TOYNBEE HALL DIYISloN.--On the 4th December, a grand evening concert is to be held at the Toynbee H a ll, Commercial Street, E., in aid of the funds of this divi sion (formerly King Edward Institute) at \\hich the :\lassey-Mainwaring Challenge Cup is going to be presented, the di\'ision having \\'on it at the recent competition. WATERLOW DIV1SIO:-l.-PRIZE SCHEME FOR 189+.-Fi1'S1 Aid Competition.-;\Iembers will be examined entirely from the St. John .\mbulance Association Official Book, and their own published examination paper. First prize, £1 IS.; second prize, 14s. ; third prize, 7S., given by P. II. '''aterloll-, Esq.; fourth prize, 5s., added by the Di\'ision; this competition will count as a re-examination of the St. John Ambulance Association, and entitle those passing to second year's certificates or medallions, as the case may be. Members wishing LO be re-examined mllst enter this competition. Stretcher. - ' Vritlen examination (to be held on a separate evening) for preparing, loading, carrying, unloading, and folding up. Duty of each man .-Two prizes: First, lOS; second, 5s. One hour will be allowed for this competition. Attendance l'nze.-For those showing gt'eatest number of attendances on Thursdays, from i\ovember, 1893, to October, 189+, inclusive; first, lOS. ; second, 6s. ; third, 35. ;\11 prize, will be articles of value of the sums indicated (llinner's choice). In case of dispute Comm ittee's opinion final. Names must be given in by 22nd October. Due notice Competitors should state will then be given of dates of examinations. \\ hich examination they will be entering for. N. B.-~ 0 competitor can take more than one first or secOfld prize. ',"ELLTNGBOROUGII.-The annual dinner and smoking concert of this Centre was held at the Drill Hall, on Friday evening, 2nd inst., when nearly one hundred members and friends assembled. The chair was occupieJ by Chief Superintendent T. II. ',"oolston, who was well supported . In the course of a speech to propose the usual loyal and patriotic toasts. the chairman announced that a communication had been received from Colonel Thackeray, V.C., the Commissioner of the Brigade, to say that Wellingborough had been appointed and authorised a Corps, and that they were attached to :'\0. 3 District. As there lI'ere only eleven Districts in this country, hc thought it was an honour for 'Yellingborough to be in the first batch. He also enlarged upon the increase and extension of ambulance work in the district. The toasts of the officers of the Centre and of the neighbouring Corps and others were suitably responded to

DERRY.-MTIlLA IJ RAIL\\,Ay.-The Dilectors hayedecided to O"rant a sum annually to provide a llumber of golJ and silver medal s ~o be awarded in recognition of special skill shown by ambulance men'in the employ of the Midland Railway Company, in rendel inO" first aid, and a committee consisting of representatives of the principal departments has been app::>inted to award the medals annually to ti-Jose II'ho render prompt and efficient aid in severe cases of accident either by sa\'inO" life, or relieving suffering. ,., D UDLEY.-The Annual Meeting of this centre \\'ill be held in the PublieHall, on .the 23rd inst., w~en the Earl of Dudley has promised to preSide and distribute the cel tlficates and medallion s. IpS"·lCH.-\Vork has begun this·season. There are large classe3 for Erst aid at Argyle Street School, and Higher Grade for men and women respectively on l\[onday even!ngs, a.nd a nursing class on Fridays only open to those \\'ho hold first aId certificates. The nursing class held its first meeting at the Art Gallery on MondayeveninO" when some seventy ladies, nearly all of whom held first aid and nUI";;'ing certificates were present to hear a lecture on "Germs of Disease," from :\f r. II etherinO"ton. The interest taken in all these things shows how kee :1 ly alive ever)'o ne now is to the lessons of sanitary science. KEIGHLE\'.-At a competition held amOl1O"st the members of the North District Midland Railway Ambulance Corps the KeiO"hley team won the silver cup, and the Leeds B team was secol~d . " "0RTHAMPTON.-The usual Monthly MeetinO" of Chief Officers was held on Thursday, Nov. 1st, when Chief Superi~tendent 'W oolston of VI,Te~lingboro' kindly attended by request in case it was thought deSirable to make arrangements for the reception of lIon. SurO"eons and Officers at.tending ~he proposed Brigade Conference on Tov. o~+th. The conSideratIOn of thIS mailer was hOll'ever adjourned and the usua I business of the meeting proceeded with. The Transport Sen'ice of the Xorthampton Ambulance Corps has cOI:ducted 4 cases during the past month, one by horse ambulance and rail, and three by nand litter tllO chief officers, seven transport sergeants, and three members of the se~I'ice being called to duty. POTTERIES CORPs.-On October 15th, the occasion of the visit to Burslem of H.R.n. the Princess Louise and the Marquis of Lome a detachment of this Corps, under the charge of Superintendent Boa;dman, was on duty on the line of procession and was able to render assistance in some thirty cases of minor imporLance. PRESTON .- 1n connection with t h is corps a I'ery sLlcce5sful supper and ~moking co~cert was held on N"o.vember 1St. At t~e after proceedlllgS the chaIr was taken by Captam IIoward, supported by Dr. ::iellars, Superintendent Baker and others. The Hon. Surgeon gave a very spirited address to the members ur~ing them to keep ~p thei; knowledge by regular attendance at drill', while he expressed dIsappOIntment at the very few classes which had been formed in the town during the la.st fell' months. Several songs were gIven by members, and a very enjoyable eveninO" was brought to a close. During the last week one of the mem ber~ of the P?eston corrs (Mr. '''oods) received the Humane Society's Certificate for savlllg bfe. On Saturday, October 20th, four members of t he St. Pa ul's Branch (Preston) carne up for th eir fina l examination ' three of them were successful in.rluding t he R ight Rev. the L ord B ishop of Perth. (West~rn. Australia). V/e.. are ple,ased to state ~hat C . J. Trimble, Esq., the Chairman of the orth East LancashIre Division has been appo inted an B onorary Associate of the Order. '

FIR S T

November, r894.j

jfirst Bi~ 1Recor~. [Under this ,headilll{ are recorded all cases which come to our notice. ilt wlzich Fl1'st A 7d l'endrred by Ambulallce pltptls lIas bun of valuable aSSIstance. 1Ve as;' our readers to help us by sendlllg particulars of all such cases . 1 COLCHESTER.-On September 22nd as the 2.2 up train was running into the station a lady was observed to jump or fall from one of the carriages, sustaining seriou5 inj uries. TIer right foo t was badly crushed, and her left arm was also fractured. Strange to sa.y she was able to run to the refreshment room, and assistance was promptly rendered by Mr. Bellchambers, Mr. Bush, and I nspector Power. They at once attended temporarily to the injuries, and the sufferer was removed on a stretcher tu the Essex and Colchester ITospital, 1\ here the Hou se Surgeon prai sed the way in whi c h she had been treated by the Ambulance people. It transpired that the injured lady wa s ;\[r 5. Florence Conquest, 1\ ire of ;'vIr. C. Conquest, a representati ve of the Sporhl1g Life. " . e understand, however, that amputation of the toes subseq uently became necessary, and was successfully carrieJ out. O[·DLEY.-A boy recently fell into a pool at a clay pit, which people were afraid to enter on account of its great depth. At last" young man named Bradley, attracted by the shouts, dived in and brought the lad out; he was taken home un conscious, and given up for dead. Police constable Banner hurried to the cottage, fetched the body downstairs again, tried artificial respiration, and in fifteen minutes had the satisfaction of seei ng the boy b reathe. Dr. Price arrived in the meantime, and said the officer was doing so well that he had better try to complete his work. The boy and his rescuer were present at some aquatic sports shortly after at the public baths where Bradley learned to swim. FA1{,HIA:lI.-Four cases in \1 hich first aid was successfully rendered occurred dUling last mOllth, the most serious of which was that of a boy \\ho was run over by a \'an, ca using comminuted fracture of the humeru s. It was put up in splints by .\lessrs. Bradford, Furlonger, and Colebrooke . Gl{[~ISJ3Y DOCKS.-On Tuesday, 30th October, a dock labourer named Joe Botterill, while carrying pit props at the docks, fell o\'er some lath s, and t'1e props he wa s carrying fell across his thigh and broke it. First aid was rend ered by Dock-policeman Hallmey and Checkers Beaumont and Brad stoc k, of the :'II. S. &.: L. A 111 !~tIlance Corps, and he was conveyed to the ho spita l, where the fracture was reduced. LA:ll13ETH.- Amy Bowler, t\\'enty, a married woman, living in Runham-street, \\'a lwo rth, was charged on remand before Mr. Hopkins with aLLempting to commit suic ide. The evidence given at t he last hearing showed that but for the promptitude of Police-constable Carter, 385 L, in administering an emetic, the woman, who had swallowed a quantity of liniment, would probably have died. The pri soner now said she was very grateful to the constable for the great kindness he had sholl'n her.-:'I[r. Hopkins: It I\as the constable's wits that kept you alive . I \\ ill disch ~Hge you now. I am glad you have got over il.-f){lIly Chl'omele, November +Lh, 189+. XCWI'ORT:-A man named Stokes, living at II unnyhill, and in the em~loy of :'Ill'. John son , :\'odehill , was engaged in loading a wagon 111 Scarrotts-lane, when he became giddy and fell from the shafts. The horse moving on at the time Stokes was caught between the wheel and the wall, and was very badly crushed about the shoulders and chest and receh'ed a nasty scalp wound. The \Iounds were temporarily dressed ~.>: Mr. Peach, a member of the St. John Ambulance Corps. The IllJured man was afterwards attended by Dr. Coombs, at his surgery, and I emoved to his home. NORTHAl\IPTON.-A chief officer of the local corps was called up on the night of October 3rd to render first aid to a man who had fractured his knee-cap, and on the 9th O ctober rendered effectual first aid to a man who had sustained a fractured leg. Both cases were conveyed to the Infirmary. The same 'officer, a short time aO"o received the Royal. Humane Society's award for saving life fror:'; drowning under penlous Cllcumstances last year. On Saturday, October 20th, at a l'ootball Match here, one of the players sustained an injury. Two men of the Northampton Ambulance Corps on duty treated him for fractured collar bone, and conveyed him to the ,Northampton Infirmary, and afterwards he returned to London with the team. Three other cases of fractures sustained on the football field and to which first aid had been given, were taken to the above Institution the same afternoon. One fro~ the Earls Barton Pivision, Northampton Ambulance Corps. Other mmor cases of first a Id (but not of sufficient importance to be reported) have occurred. NORWICII.-On Tuesday morning, November 6th

'Vm. BrOlm

whltes~ith, S1. Andrew's-hill, 7+ year,s of age, fell over ~ stool, and had the misfortune to break ~1!S leg. 1 ~e headquarters company of the S1. John Ambulance BrIgade, captamed by Mr. VV. 'Nalton, were s~mmoned, ai1d promptly plac~d the suf~erer ' s leg in splints and conveyed hlIn to the N or[olk a nd 1\ orw lch lIospltal, where further attention was

given, and he was deta ined.

.II olfolk Chronicle.

PETERSFIELD.-A short time since an old man, named Stephen Lunn aged abo ut 70 years, attempted to commit suicide by cuttinO" hi s throat' In a house near the Travellers' Rest public house, at Lower }~royle, nea;

AiD.

Alton. Police-constable Sale, temporarily stationed at Froyle, was called to the man, a nd being a member of the St. John Ambulance Association at Petersfield, the constable's kn owledge of first aid enabled him to properly attend to the injuries and effectually stop the hemorrhage. The doctor, on arriving on the scene, declared that everything haJ been done in due order and proceeded to further dress Lunn's \\'oulld s. 'VAL ES. -.\ serious accident befel a married woman, named Ann Jones, living at Pentregraig, near Llansamlet, at twenty minutes to four, on :'IIonday afternoon, O ctobe r nnd. She had been walking along the pathway near the ::\ ew Cut Bridge, St. Thomas', Swansea, and was desce nding a flight of stone steps when she sl ipped and fell heavily down the steps, sustai ning severe inj uries to her right leg; she was at once conveyed on the dock-police ambulance stretcher by dock-constables \Vall and Rentiand to a friend's house at 3, ,\1 iers-street, St. Thomas', and attended to by ])r. Taylor; later in the el'ening she was conveyed in a cab to her home at Llansamlet.

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Volunteer ~ mflul ance ~dJool of Ifn~tt'uctioll The follow ing medical officers of the yeomanry and volunteers, who have been under in str uction from the staff of the School, have recently passed the official proficiency examination for medical officers conducted by the Army Medical Staff at the headquarters of regimental and other districts. Yeolllall1,)' CamllJ'.-Surgeon-Capt. J. D. "'illoughby S. Kolls IIussars. Volunteers: Sltrgeolt-Capfallls.-'V. L. Moraan' :'11..\., 1st Oxford Gniversity R.V.; H. Baldwin, 18th Middlesex R~V. ; W. Abbot Anderson, '\LB., 3rd London R.V.; L. Gerald Dillon, ;\I.D., 2nd Durham Volunteer Artillery; T. McFo ley, 1st East RidinO" of Yorkshire Volunteer Artillery; E. S. Konis, ;\1.B., EtOI1 College R~V.; C. G. Grant, 2+th Middlesex R.I'. ; J. Telfer Thomas, 1st V.B. Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry; J. W. Eakin, :'ILD., .:'faparima ;\Iounted RiAes, Trinidad; J. V. Rutherford, :'I1.B., 1st .i'\orthumberland Volunteer Artillery. Surgeoll-Limtenallfs.-S . .\[onckton Copeman, .\1.A., M.D., 2nd London R.\'.; A. H. Croucher, '\1.D., 1st Sussex Vol. R.E.; J. P. Atkinson, M.D., E. H. Douty, .\LA., :'II.B., 3rd (Cambridgeshire) V.B. Suffolk Regt .; i'l1. ;\1. Thoma s, 2nd Gloucestershire Vol. R.E.; R. Fletcher, 22nd i\Iiddlesex R.V. ; A. Eddoes, M.D. 21st Middlesex R.\'. ; J. Hamel, M.B., 1st V.B. York and Lancaster Regt.; Campbell Boyd, 3rd V.B. "The Vueen's" R oyal West Surrey Regt.; R. Dudfield, :'11. B., D.P.H., 26th ;\Iiddlesex (Cyclists) RT.; J. O. Sankey, 2nd V.B. Oxfordshire Light Infantry; C. La wrie, :\f.D., 1st Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry; II. MacLean, 2nd V.B. Derbyshire ReO"t.; E. :'II. Callender, :'.l.D., 12th ;\liddlesex (Civil Sen'ice) R.V. ; J W~T. Gilbert, 1st City of Lon J on "olunteer Artillery; R. Humphreys, i\LB ., 6th Lancashire Volunteer Artillery; C. F. Glinn, -+th V .B. Deyonshire Regt. ; A. W. Wigmore, 19th Middlesex R.V. ; W. Sandeman, M .B., 2nd V.B. The Highland Light Infantry; J. Anderson, M.B. , 8th V.B. The Royal Scots Lothian Regt.; ,Yo A. 'Vetwan, 2nd V.B. The East York shire Rcgt.; C. J. Arkle, M.D., qth Middlesex (Inns of Court) RY.; J. P. Simpson, ;\1.D. , 1st Tower Hamlets Rifle Volunteer Brigade.-H . F. STOKES, Surgeon-Major, A.;\1.R., Senior Medical Officer Instructor, 2, Highbury Crescent, N.

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\l)olunteer Me~icaI Staff <torps. BOHEi\IIA T

COXCERT.

The Volunteer ;\Iedical Staff Corps, N"o. 4 Company (holders of the challenge sh ield), gave a Bohemian Concert at the headquarters of the 19th Middlesex (Bloomsb ury Rifles), Chenies Street, Bedford Square W.C: (by ~ind permission of Colonel Smith Richards), on "'ednesday eyenlllg, !\o\'ember 7th. In the absence of the officer command inO" (Surgeon Captain, T. H. Openshaw), ·eTgt. i\lajor 'Yaterson, occu~ pied the chair, and he was supported by Lieut. A. E, Bloomfield, 1St. V. B. ~ ~yal ~'usiliers, S~rgeant Major C. William s, ..\.M.S. (who gained the Dlstll1gul shed ServIce Badge at Abu Klea) an d a number of noncommissioned officers of the V.l\1.S.C. and other Corps. A larO"e number of ladies were present, and amongst them, Miss Ethel Stok~s the promo~er of the proposed Ladies' \ To lunteeT. AI?bulance Corps~ The capacIOus hall was lYell filled by an enthUSiastic audience who were well entertained by a capital programme. Selllimental sonO"~ contributed by Mrs. W. B. C. Bell, Mi ss Marie Kightingale, i\Ir~ C. F. Tau~1 ton , i\,I!. Percy White, and i\Ir. T. Alder Smith, each being well received. 1 he Concordia Glee-men amused the company with several part-songs and glees. i'llr. H arry IIayter, Pri'late C. F. Chambers Private G. Greenfield, each gave humorous so ngs ; i\Ir. Sam Abson, d negro song (much applauded), and the Talbot Banjo Quartette a valse by one of their number. The feature of the evening was Mr. David Beveridrre's recitation "The Good Ship Camperdoll'n," and in the second part, his sketch witl~ i\ [iss Terissa Clarke, ;\[l'. C. E. Johnson acted as accompanist and Corp!' G. Scoins as musical clirect~r. Sergeant W. B. C. Bell, and Sergeant 1<. VY. Bradbury, Hon. Secs., WIth others were very activein their endeavours to make all present happy and comfortable.

/1..

FIR S T

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[ November, 1894.

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119riU @riler».

VOLUNTEER MEDICAL STAFF CORPS. Hon. Commandant, Surgeon-General Sir \V. Guyer IIunter, ;.\I.D., K.C.M.G., Q.II.S. Commandant, Surgeon-Lieut. Colonel A. T. I\'orto 11 , F.R.C .. Drills.-Headquarters.-Tuesday from 7 to 9. Guildhall. Wednesday, 7.30 p.m. Headquarters. -Thursday 7 to 9. Lectures.Headquarters,8 p.m.-:Nov. 22nd j Injuries in warfare. l'\ov.29 th . Transport and equipment. Dec. 6th .-Transport and equipment. VOLUNTEER A:\lBULAKCE SCIIOOL OF INSTRUCTIO:'{. Stretcher drill at 7.30 p.m. j the following lectures at 8.30 p.m. :\[onday, ":'{o\,. 19th.-Poisons and their treatment. ;\Ionday, Nov. 26th.-The transport of wounded. :\[onday Dec. 3nJ.-Prize ('ompetition; (parade 7.30 p.m. in drill order) for Challenge Bo\\'l, presented by Surgeon-Captain Hamilton, late principal medical officer home district. :'I [onday, Dec. 10th.-Official inspection and examination; parade at 7.30 p.m. in drill order. The advanced class will be taken by Surgeon-Captain Ferguson.

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QrO rre»p onilencc. NOT ICES T O CO R RESP O~ DENT ~ . Letters to the Edz'tor must be wn'tten on one Slde oj the baper onl)" and must be accompa1lZ'ed b), the name and address oj the sendel', as a guara1ltee oj good Jat·th. TVe do Hot 1lecessanly zdentify ourselves wz'tlz the mews held by 0lt1' correspolldents. RAILWAY ACCIDENT AT ORTHALLERTO~. To the Editor of FIRST Am. DEAR SIR,-With regard to your remarks on this accident in your October number, I venture to offer a few remarks in order that honour may be given where honour is due, and also to correct a mistake you made. Taking the latter first, N orthallerton is not on the Great l'\ orthem, but on the ~ orth Eastern Railway-a company specially selected by you in your leading article in September number for commendation with regard to Ambulance Instruction . As one deeply interested in the extension of first aid knowledge, especially among railway servants (see my letter to the Times of Oct. 22nd), I can the more freely write in commendation of what little was done. in that the Ambulance Class at N orthallerton J unction was not officially connected with this centre, but was attached to York centre, under the energetic lIon. Sec. Mr. J. H. Turner. Unfortunately, as is too often the case, the newspaper reports at the time of the accident ignored what was done by the few efficient ambulance men who were early on the spot. I feel convinced, however, that there probably were such there at work or available, and at once wrote to ascertain the facts, but official reserve so necessary in such cases until the inquest was over, delayed my obtaining the desired information until the other day, when the public generally have tired of reading about this accident. I cannot however do better than give you a copy of letter received. -orthallerton Station, Nov. 3rd., 189+ To Hon Sec., Middlesbro' and Cleveland Centre, St. J . A. A. DEAR SIR,-In reply to your kind letter of October 5th,1 I beg to inform you that the following members of our ambulance class were on the spot at Castle Hills, on the morning of the deplorable accident to the Scotch Express. \Villiam Bacon, assistant station master, porters Geo. Brockhill, John Wilson and myself, were early on the spot after the accident. \\Ti lliam Bacon and myself were first to arrive, but immediately our medical men from N orthallerton followed, for they had not got so far to walk to the spot as some of our men had. There were five doctors to attend to the injured driver and fireman, and the members of our class worked to the doctors' instruction. The lit iver who lost his arm had a temporary bandage fixed round his arm to stop bleeding either by a passenger or doctor who was in th.e ill-fated train. Our instructor to the ambulance class, Dl. IIutchmson, who took charcre of the injured men, states our members did good service, and everything was done that he could wish for. I would have replied to your letter earlier, but I have been from horne on holiday, also I thought It would be better to know the verdict of the inquest, for there was some talk of complaint as to the length of time taken in getting the injured men to the cottage hospital at Northallerton, but the jury were quite satisfied that everything had been done that could be done, considering the early morning and the state of th.e weather.-Yours obediently, Alfred Sadler, Local Secretary, N. E. RaIlway, St J. A. A. As to material and appliances in the way of stretchers, ambulance vans, &c. &('. this is another and larger question on which great di\'ersity of ~pini~n has been expressed in the press, only let us bear in mind that we are less likely to get anything if we begin by asking too much. A curious part of the Northallerton accident is that all the poor fellows

who were so terribly inj urecl say that everything was done that possibly could be done for:them. The men who complained were Ullhw,t, and wanted hot soup, &c., at a moment's notice in the middle of the night, in the open air, and in a dense fog. Yours faithfully, lIon. Sec., Middlesbro' and Cleveland centre, St. John Ambulance Association. COMPETfTIOr AT WELLINGBORO UGH. To the Editor of FlRST AID. Sm.,- ln the report of the Ann ual I nspection of the \Vellingborough Brigade in lG.st month's issue, your correspondent G.ppears to reflect on 'the Local :\[edical Staff as judges in awardin cr the prizes given for the competitions, he also hints that unfair practice was resorted to by the winning detachments (IIigham Ferrers Division), in the ;;tretcher competition by " touching up," after all the others had gone into the tent where the judging was to take place, and that the two winning detachments were '1 quarter of an hour behind the others in coming in. As a member of the Higham Ferrers division which competed will you allow me to explain? There were fourteen deLacbments competing, and each marched up to the tent with their patient after giving the necessary treatment. \Ve were last, but had to stand in file outside the tent for fully ten min utes, as only about six detachments could be recei ved in the judging tent at once. As to touching up 1 am not aware anything of the kind was done. I may add we were again awarded first prize at the .:\forthampton competition, held at St. David's, Kingsthorpe, about a week af,er by Su rgeon- :'fa.j or Bull, a gentleman, an entire stranger in this district, thus proving, I think, we deserved the'position awarded to us. The judges at \Vellingborough, some of whom hold the highest positions in the medical profession in the neighbourhood, carried out their duties with the greatest satisfaction to all but apparently your reporter. r am, Sir, yours obediently, A CO~IPETnOl{. Higham Ferrers Di\'isi01: of the \Yellingborollgh Centre, Sl. JOh11 Ambulance Brigade. [lYe publi sh this letter with pleasure, but we are afraid that our correspondent has not quite caught the drift of the report. There is no reflection cast on the medical staff as judges, it is only G. question of having medical men from a distance in preference to lo,,;tl medical men.-ED.] ANSWERS TO CORRESPO~DENTS. R.P, Neath Abbey.-Do not understand your first question. A heavy weight falling \\'ould cause a bruise, contusion of fracture, not "sprain." Your second question is ansl\'ered in any text book on first aid. All those correspondents who have so kindly sent contributions, cuttings, &c., and who are too numerous to mention, are heartily thanked.

-------- :0 : -------NOTICE. This Journal will be published on or about the 15th of the month. Advertisements (terms on application) and contributions should be sent in by the roth .

£100 FREE I N SURANCE AGAINST ACCIDE N T S Will be paid to the Repre sentatives of the purchaser of FIRS I' AID in case of death as provided below, by T he Sickness and A ccid en t A ssu ra n ce A ssociation, L l.d. Head Office :-2+, YORK PLACE, EDT:--IB(!RGII. London Office :-6+, l\lOORGATE STREET, LO:-lDO:-l, E.C. To whom notice of Claims under the follo\\'ing conditions must be sent WITHI:--I THREE DAYS. A pplicable 1;0 ' P ass e n ge r T rains in G reat B rit ain & I reland. ON E HUNDRE D POUNDS will be paid by the above In surance Company to the Legal representatives of any person killed by an accident to the train in which the deceased was an ordinary passenger, or who shall have been fatally injured thereby, should death result within 2+ hours after such accident. P r ovid e d that at the time of such accident the person so killed or fatally injured was the owner of FIRST AID fur the current month, containing this Coupon legibly sign ed with his or her usual signature in ink or pencil, both time and signature being of the essence of the contract.

£1 0D

Signature ............................ ......................................................................................... ......... .. Address .................................................................................................................................. .

This Insurance is limited to one Coupon to each bolder, and is not in· validated by any Insurance with this or any ot her A('cident Company. It is subject to the OlJinary conditions of the L\ssociation's Accident Policies, and is in force from midnight, r5th November, 1894, until midnight, 15th December, 189+.

l ' nUled 101' the Pl'Ol'l'lC:tOlb lJy W. J. GOODE, 88, Clerkcnwell 11.011(\, and published by ALAN I' ALY"ll awl RI· hl', at I I , lullgato Hill, T'-<..1.

FIRST AID •

JOURNAL DEVOTED TO AMBULANCE W-ORK.

No. 6. --VOL. I.

[Elltered at Stationers' Hall.]

SPECIAL NOTICES. Registered T e legraphic Address- "ARTERY, LONDON. " Arrange m e nts h a v e bee n made with Messrs. W . H . Smith & Son to have " Fir st Ald " on s a. le a t their bookstalls throughout the King dom. It may a lso b e obtained at M e ssrs. Willing ' s bookst alls.

:fBre'VitieB. \ iVH[LST we in this country have only just begun Lo discuss the advisability of having railway ambulance wagons, in Vienna they have already carried out the idea. The Dazly Graplnc has given a description and illustration of the wagons . We would recommend all those interested in railway ambulance work to obtain the paper and keep it for reference Verily, the Continental countries seem to show us the way. Shall we follow, or rather ought we not Lo lead? E'-E~ some of the Indian R ailwavs realize the necessity of having appliances ready, and are equipping their trains, according to Pem's07l's ~Veekl)', with a number of lighL stretchers and cases of medical instrument, while one of the officials with each train is versed in the rudiments of surgery. Vve presume that after other countries and our colonies ha\-e shown u that it is possible and advisable to ha\-e a railway ambulance seryice properly equipped, the authorities will begin to move in the matter. - --'WHAT is everybody's business is nobody's business. THE Lallcet, 24th Nov., says :-" The Austrian system may well serve as a copy to companits in this country, 3.nd there should be no great difficulty in devoting certain carriages, at least in every main line of rail, to the purposes of medical relief, and maintaining them 111 a state of readiness for any possible emergency."

WE not ice that the Bishop of Peterborough has been preaching at Leicester on ambulance work, a sermon which we sincerely hope every first-aider will read. An address of that kind touches the highest feelings of our natures, and it is most gratifying to think of knowledge and love going hand in hand, when from a worldly point of '."iew, knowledge means the ability of getting money quickly, and love- -well- -that is absent. - - - - :0:

~bc

PRICE ONE PENNY.

D EC E1V( BER, [894.

Volunteer ~Inbulance ~cboo( of Ifn~tl'uctton.

The Volunteer Ambulance School of r nstruction was founded in I\ovember, r887, when the late Surgeon \Valler Pearce of the Artists. Corps, gave the first lecture at St. Mary's Hospital Medical School s. Subsequently the course 'was continued at the head-quarters of the 1St. Tower Hamlets R ifle Volunteers, and later on was concluded at the London Scottish head-quarters, where in February 1888, a very large class was inspected by Surgeon Hippisley Cox of the Coldstream Guards, and every man passed. Great difficulties had to be overcome before t he school was firm ly established, but Dr. Peace haclthe assistance of the medical officers of a ll the crack volunteer battalions of the IIome District, so that in time its success was assured. Major Andrew Maclure, of the London Scottish, was the first president of the school; we need hardly say that his great experience in I\lilitary Medical matters ha s been of the utmost value.

In r890, Surgeon (now Surgeon-Major) II. F. Stokes, was appo inted Senior Medical Officer Instructor, an appointment which he ha s held ever since. It is not too much to say that the present high position, thorough efficiency, and excellent discipline of the School, have bee11 brought about to a yery great extent by the unvarying courtesy al~d excellent judgment \\ hich he has sho\\'n on all occasions. The mal.n object at first \\'as the training of regimental stretcher bearels. T.hl:; was carried Ollt in accordanc~ with the Queen's regulations, Secllon XIV., authorising men of one or more regiments to be brought together for in struction in ambulance work. However, it was not long before applications came in from Brigade-Surgeons, asking that In structors might be sent to their camps. Accordingly, Officers and i\'"on-Commlssion~d Officers ha ve from time to time been sent to distant camps and battalions, notably those of the South Eastern, South \\'ales, Portsmouth, Severn, and other Volunteer Infantry Brigades. A large number of Medical Officers, both of the Yeomanry and \' olunteers, 13ri lish .and Colonial, have received instruction in the School and have obtamed proficiency certificates . At the present time there is no regiment of yeomanry or \'olunteers, in the Home District which has not sent some of its members to recel\ e instruction from the V.A.S.I., indeed it is no uncommon thing to find a yolunteer travelling a hundred miles in order to be present at on~ of the drills which arc now taking place on Monday nicrhts at the spaclol s head-quarters of the London Rifle Brigade. On the present staff are the following Officers :-Surgeon-:\Iaj or Culver James, i\l.D, ll onourable ArtilleryColllpany, Surgl!on-Captains J. Cagney, :\LD., i\rti~ts' R.\'., P. \Vhitcombe, i\LB., Queen's \\'estminster R.Y., J. Dundas Grant, M.D., 2+th :'IIiddlesex R.V., E. IIughes, London Rifle Brigade, G. G Fe -guson, I\L S., London Scottish R. V., SZI1'geon-LlCUlenallls, L H uds~n, :'Iliddlesex Yeomanry-Cah'alry, E. M. Callender, M.D., Ci,'il Sernce R.V. The Hon. Secretaries are ~urgeon-Captain R. R. Sleman, Artists' R.V., and Colour-Sergeant C. J. Downer, London :-cottish R.\'. Those who have experience of secretarial work will readily unclerstand that their duties are by no means light, especially when it is remembered that no less than I75 regimen ts have at different times had either officers or men under instructi on fr om the School. The Drill In structor s are Staff-Sergeant T. J. Spratley, +th ".B., The Queen's Royal \Yest Surrey Regiment, H. H. X uding, London Rd'le Brigadp., R. J. Harnell, Queen's \Vestminster RY., Sergeants H. J. Bussell, Artists' R.V., H. Pleasance, 1st London Rifle \-olunteers, R. t:., and C. Skilbeck, Honourable Artillery Company. The neXl cla55 IIdl commence at 7.30 p.m. on Thursday, February 7th, r895, and ",ill be held at the head-quarters of the Oueen's I\'estminster R.I T ., James Street, Victoria Street, S.\V., by pen;ission of Colonel Howard \'in cent C.B., M.P., commanding. Efficient volunteers wi shing to join, ~hould make early application, as usually no men are taken under any crrcumstances after the fir~t night.

COMPETITIO S. These two competitions were held on the 3rd inst., one being for ad\'anceu classes, and including the following subjects :-Stretcher drIll.. gcn~ral smartness on parade, application of roller bandage, and first aId, II1cludll1g anatomy and physiology, the other being for new members, and COlllprising the same subjects with the exception of the roller balllLtge, for which the tr ian gular bandage was substituted . The maximulU marks for each squad in the fIrst contest were 320, and for each man 80. For the first competition 6 teams entered, and for the second 20 teams. The following wa s the result : \ VINNING T EAM . Corpl. G. E. Godfrey Civil Services R.V. ... } Pte. W. J. Jeffrey ) 273 points. Pte. W. L. Whaim ( +th V.B. Queen's Royal Pte. W. L. Darby 1 \Vest Surrey Regiment Brst mall.-Corpl. Godfrey, Civil Service R.V. ... 79 Next Best l11all.-Corpl. R. C. Bayne, Artists' R.V. 72 New j1[embers' Competition.-:Maximum for each man 60 points, for each squad 2+0. BEST TEAM. Corpl. S. Te"ill Bglr. F. IT uebner Artists' R,V .... 215 p0inL . Pte. R. :'II. Barron Pte. }'. L. J)ol'e

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FIRST

AID.

[December, 1894.

December, 1894,J ---

SECO ~ 1> T EA ~1. Piper W. :'Iackinnon London ScoUish R.V. Pte. D. Scott L.-Corpl. Piper Leresc he ( :w8 points. L.- ergt. Piper Falconer Best fIIm . -(I) Pte. Palter, London Rifle Brigade. 60, highest p0 3sible; (2) L.-CorpL A. B. King, Civil Service R.V., 58. Pte. Mu ndy, I1..\.C., also obtained 58 marks, but lost on the tie competition. At the conclusion Major :\Iaclure proposed a yote of thanks to the examiners (q in number) and congratulated the winning team . SurgeonMajor Culver James responded. DISTRIBUTlO~ OF PRIZES. This took place on Saturday, 1st, at the Banqueting H all, Crosby Hall, when :'Iajor-General Lord Methuen, C.B., C.i\ I.G ., cOl11mandil~g the Home Di strict, \\'as present and supported :\[ajor Andrew :'Iaclure V.D., the president, who was in the chair. The General arri\'ed precisely at 8p.m.,andwasrecei\'ed by the President and' urgeon-:\ [ajar Stokes, a guard of honour being formed up under the comma nd of Surgeon-Captain R. R. Sleman, and being composed of mem bers of the various regiments of Yeomanry, Honoura ble Artillery Company, and \ -o lunteers training in the Schoo l at the present time. After an in spect ion of the guard by the General, the Officers of the School were prese nted to him. The distl ibution of the prizes took place ill the in terval between two portions of an excellent programme, which included some very interesting items, such as fencing (16th century) Cloak v. Dagger, Sword v. Buckler, a Scotch reel, a Cornet Solo, &c., &c. The report presented by the Chief In structor, Surgeon-;\Iajor Stokes of the London Rifle Brigade, showed that the year h ad been a most successful one; a ll the classes had been well attended and a larger number of i\Iedi cal Ofn cers had passed than in any previous year. To gi\'e an id~a of the amount of wor k performed by the staff, he stated that since the school had been formed n o less then 175 different regi men ts had had officers and men trained therein, and no les than 132 Medical Officers of Briti sh or Colonial Volunteers had recei\'ed certificates of proficiency from the IVar Office. A handwme cha llenge prize, a sil ver bowl, presented by SurgeonColonel lIamilton, A.:\ LD. late P.:\I.O. of the Hom e District, had greatly stimulated the work, the fir st winn ers being the Artists (20th i\[iddlesex) after a close contest with the London Scottish and severa l others not many points bchind . :\lajor-General Lord i\Iethuen, who as the President stated, had himself recei\'ed an ambulance certificate, said they sometimes heard that the :'leuical Department was not so much appreciated as it might be. He thought that was an utterly fal se notion . He could assure them that in the army there was no department looked upon with greater regard, or that I\ as watched wi th greater anxiety than that department. In the case o[ an invasion of this country, it would be a great God-send 10 them to be able to reckon upon pretty well 10,000 men able to attend the sick and wounded. With regard to the ambulance portion of the mobilisation scheme , the General said it was a great enterprise to think that they had to provide for 2C,OOO sick and wounded in case of an invasion, and no one cou ld ha\'e dra\\'n outa more comprehensive and careful scheme than Surgeon-Colonel Hamilton. 'With such a groundwork prO\'ided by the scheme, there need be no fear in case of an in vasion as to the :\I ed ica I Department being anything but a success . In addition the officers mentioned above, the following were also present :-Deputy Surgeon-General Don, late A.M.S., Colonels W. T. Tha ckeI<lY, C. 13" V.C., R.E.,:\1. B. Pearson, Commanding 2nd Middlesex V. ,\., Brigade-Surgeon-Licut.-Colonels :\I c~a lty, Parsons Smith and O. :\1. White, Surgeon-Lieut.-Col. Pearce, V.D ., :'Iajors II\.'add' and Ta~ker, Suracon-Captains Dundas Grant, C. Grant, 2+th Middlesex R.\'., Ferguson, L.~.R.v., J. W. T. Gilbert, D. T. Key, 1st City of Lonuo'1 \ ';,\. , ~[aitland Coffin, 3~'? \:.B, The" Queen's"; ]. A. Boyd, l\. ~r.R. , Capt;ul1 s TJutton, hl<.: T\.mg s Dragoon Guards, Treble Andre and IJitcll" Sur,[{eon-Lieutenants .Arkle, Atkinson, Campb~ll' Boyd; Callender, '\. ears,ey, Eddows, P. SImpson, Herschel! Sub-Lieutenants A. VY"yan and II. \Yill iams, R . ~., and many others:

E have recei\'ed from ilIr Sammes, 3SA, Clerkenwell Road a. sperime n watch o[ a most ingenious character and one \\ hi~h we think will be rec~ived with the gre~test possibl~ favour by all mem bers of the medIcal profes sIOn. 1 he watch is known a s the Pul sim et.er I\-atch, and, as ~ts name implies, is for the purpose o[ assisting the medIcal mall t.o obtam an accurate record of the pulsat ion per mInute of any patIent he may. be attendlllg. The watch has many :1th'antages o\~r the ordlllary timekeeper, but lye may especially con~ratubte the lIl\'entor 01; one, and that IS that tbe ,Pulse ~lay be taken III the dark and \\ Ithout tle cogn Isance of the patient· 1Il the case of h;ghly nen'olls subjects \\ hose pulse is usually quick~ned under this operation, this is a decided ad\"antage. The waLch is manufactured in ei:hel gold or 5Ih·el. and as;lI1 accuratc .timekeepcr is thoroughly reliable. "\\ e shall III edIct for thIS watch a bIg future when it becomes more wdely kllO l1 n.

St. 30bn B111bulance 113rigabe.

------:0:-------]1nb£ntion~.

FIR S T

drire l5rigal:fe jJiote~. .\ S~IOK I NG concert will be gi \'en at the Olll LOl1llon Coffee Il on~e, Ludgate Dill , E.C., on J anuary q th, in aid of the Benton Testim on ial Fund. i\[r. C. J. Cuthbertsop., C .C., will occupy the chair. lIon. Dental Surgeon A. Albert, a much esteemed member of the :'[etropv litan Corp", St. ./ ohn .-\mbulance Brigade, is the hon. sec. of the Fund, and ticketmay be obtained from him at II, Ludgate !lill, price IS. .\lr. Thu!ll:t s Benton has sen'ed with distinction in the navy, the Lond on Fire Brigadc, and afterwards the London Sa h 'age Corps, from whi ch h e is now enforced to retirc a ll account of i II-hea Ith a fter 2 I years' se n 'ice. \\' e hope ambulance worker s will support Mr. l\lbert in his good I\ ork. lY E understand that the proposed Fire Brigade Tournam ent, \\illnvt nowbe held in April or May, it having heen postponed until the month of c eptember. This, we t hink, is a mistake, as undoubted ly the e,nly part or middle of the year is better than the autumn for displays of this character, especially as at the laUer period many people are still out uf town. A Meeting of members of the E g lin ton Strect (Glasgo\\") ,\ mhulance Corps will be held at Eglinton Street Station on Sunday 1st, at 5 p.m., to elect office bearers and commiltee, and to consiller th e advisability uf forming a new class. Any se n'ant wishing to join the new class, if formed, is asked to lea\'e hi s name \\ith Capta in :\[illar , Eglinton ~treet station, or an)' member o[ the committee. ---:0:----

jJlattonal mealtb $ocietn·

HIS Society was founded some twellty years ago hy a fel\ energetic and philanthropic ladi es, \\b o seeing the app:t1l int:' ignorance which existed among all classes of society on matters connected with Hea lth and lIygiene, resolved to do something to\lards t he imprO\'emen t of this state of affair~. H is Grace the Duke of I\'estmin ster consented to act as Presitientof theSoriety, and amongst its list of patrons many royal names appear-Il.R.H . Princess Christian, H.R.H. Prin cess Loui se, &c. The schcmc, origin ated by the founders of the Society, qllickly spread, and, as its u sefulness and good work became known, its li st of members gradually grew large:', until at the present time it numbers some hundreds. Some explanation of the methods on \\'hich the Society works may be of interest to the readers of FIRST AID. From the outset the great aim of the workers has been to help others by teaching them to help themsehes, and for the accolllplishment of this aim courses of lectures of \'ari ous descriptions to suit all classes have been con3tantly organized, for in stance-Drawin g-room lectures on "Nursing," "First aid," and" Hygiene" are held [or the benefit of the richer members of society; these lectures bcin g held at various centres where numerou s ladi es have len t th eir room s [or the purpose. At the conclusion of each course an optional examination is held and certificates granted to successful candidates. These lect ure s are delivered by none but fully qualified medi cal men, or in the case of "Nursing " lectures, co mpetent andflllly trained hosp ital nurses. The poor mem bers of society :are hel ped with equal care by the Society, spec ial lectures on very simpl e syllabuses being prepared for them. "llomely Talks" is the llame by which these simple lectures are best known~ and the name exactly describes the cha racter of the instruction gi ven . 1 hese " talks" are given free in some of the \'ery poor parts of London, although as a rule a small fee is charged to the H on . Sec. of the di strict, for the serv ices of the lecturer. One of the most important features of thc worK of the National lIealth Society is its work in conncction with the Technical Education Committee and County Councils. Lecturers are sent all over the country to fulfil enga.gements of this description, a nd the inhabitants of the smaller villages and mo se remote hamlets are by these means brought to some degree of knowledge of th e elements of nursing, ftrst a id, and hygiene. Much practical work on fir st aid is taught, and has proved of valuable service to the pupils. The staff of County Council teachers consists entirely of specially trained teachers, chosen with a particular reference to the perso nal qualifications for the work . The courses of special training lectures organised for ladies wi sh ing to qualify for work as a lecturer to the National Health Society consist of courses o[ Icctures on IIyg iene, Physiology, Nursing, First Aid, and Sanitation, su pplemented by six weeks training in a hospital. At the end of the course the students are req u ired to P,lSS an examination on the sllbj ects, and if successful they are presented with a diploma qualifying them to lecture for the soc iety. The above is but a brief sketch of the work of the N a tional Health Society, but the secretary would be most happy to supply furth er details tn anyone \Iho may :lpply tu hel eithcl personal ly or 11y Jetter at 5;', Ikllle rs slleet, \\',

METRO POLIT A CORPS . BARKTN(; DrVlSION.-On 'Vedn esclay, 'ov. 23rd, the Annual Concert took place on behalf of the r\' ursing Sisters aUached to the Divi sion, to raise a [urth er sum for purchasing material to add to th~ir nursing station . At the interval a very interesting part came 111 connection with the Di vision. The chairman of the local Chrysanthem um Society (:\[ajor Glenny), presented the Superintendent with an o.rder for a regulation stretcher, and six dozen roller bandages. The comm Ittee armnged that S:lme of t he proceeds of the show should be spent on our behalf, and th e above is the result. The stretcher and bandages are now at the h eadq uarters, and this is a nother assistance to the already birly equipped slores, but sti ll there are important things wanted. CHTLllRE:\'" tIo~lE Dn'Isro~.-_\t the monthly meeting held at the headquarters, the Re\·. Dr. Stephenson in the chair, after the usual husi ness had been transacled se \'eral i nteresli ne: presen tations were maue, Dr. and ~lr s . Tun sta ll being presented with a handsome dilll~er aon cr :In d afternoon lea ser\'ice. C h ief-Su pI. and :'lrs. Ch urch Bra sler ~'er; al.o prcsented with a ll:llltisome frui t stand, and Supt. Goodwin, St. J ohn's Gate Divisi on, was prcsentcd with a first aid case and dl'essing pouch. The gentlemen suitably and feelingJ.y acknowl~dged ~he gifts, all expressing their warm appreciation of the kindly fecllllg whIch . had prompted the recognition of their se\'eral sen·ices. TOY'iBEE ll ALL 1)1\,TSIO;\'.-A ConceIt in :lid of the fund s of thI S di\'ision was gi\'en aL T oynbee I tall, Commercial ,Street, ~., on Tuesdar December +lh. ,\m ongst those present were Colonel SII" Herbert C. Perrott, HarL., (Secretary of the S . .I. ,\. 1\.), ;H r. E. Avis, M.A ., (Sub'W arden, To)'nhee Hall), Chief Supl. W. J . Church Brasier, Lady Supt. II'. J. Church Brasier, SUjJt. lIT. 1f. i\lorgan O[ctropolitan Corps), lIon. Surgeon W . B. Jones, Supl. W. II. Winny. Xursing Sisters Schartan, J. :'lann and E. Mann, Supt. E. R. Goodwin, Supt. Alan Pa lmer, Supl. Boud)', Supt. Forsey, First Officer Jennings, First Officer Olley, Second Officer E. J. Kimber, Staff-Sergt. Early, Staff-SergI. II. 1.. Jones, Sergt. Phillips and SergL. Drury. Space will not permit 0111' giving paniculars of the concert, if we couiLl do so it would be \\ith words of praise to all those ladies and gentlemen who kindly came fO!I\'ard to help so good a work. [)uring the proceedings Lady SUpl. Church Brasier, in the absence of the Iron. :'[rs. :\lassey-:.'IIainwaring, through indi sposition, presented the :\la ssey-:\Iainwar ing Challenge Cup to the \\inning team (Toynbee lIall division), and a ~tretl'her was abo presenteu to the team by the Donor OIl'S. \\'. J. Church Brasier). The Chief Supt. ha\'ing congratulated the Di\'ision on their succe~s, Supt. IV. H. \I'inny returned thanks to ~[r s. Brasier, Chief SIIPl. Brasier, Canon Barnell (warden of Toynbee I Tall), and other friends. Second Offircr Ki mber thanked Staff-Sergt. Early for his kind assistance, an d spo ke in warm praise of H on. Surgeon 'I'. B. .iones. Sir llerbert Perr ott, who arri "ed late owing to an accident on the railway, speaking on behalf of Lord Sandhurst and the l\ SSOciation, congratulated the TO)'11bee Hall di\'ision on ha'iing won and earned the prizes distributed. The competition had been most carefully judged, and it ga \'e him the greatest pleasure to . be present. On behalf of the Central Committee, he thanked the Il oll. ~[a seyl\Iainwaring [or offering such a handsome cup. After speaking of the growth of the Association, Sir Herbert expressed the utmost respect and deep gratitude which was felt by Lord Sandhurst, the Central Committee, him self and all at St. J ohn's Gate, for the men and women 'w ho devoted so much time to aiding suffering humanity. 7\[1'. Avis, on behalf of Canon Barnett, saill the Divi sion came to Toynbee IIall with a great record and hoped the future might equal the past. A vote of t hanks to the artistes proposed by Sir Herbert Perrott, and seconded by Chief Supt. Church Bra sier, was heartily c:lrried. WATERLO\\, DI VISION.-,\t the annual cricket dinr.er held on Saturday, Decembcr 1st, at the IIolborn Restaurant, the chairman, :\Ir. Philip IVatcrlow, spoke in high terms of t he sen'ice rendered by the 'vVateriow division of the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigad e during the past year, coupling with the toast the names of Dr. D';\rcy Power and Dr. L. A. IIawkes. The opportunity was taken by the members of t he Brigade to present a small token of their esteem, in the shape of a sih'er mounted letter case, tO ltheir late han. surgeon, Dr. D'Arc)' Power, wbo, in Teturning thanks, men t ioned the great pleasure it had given him in startin g and in structing the divi sion , and regretted that pressure of professiona l duties had necessitated his resignation. Dr. IIawkes, in rep lyin g . spokc of the efficicncy of the members and the difficulty he had experienced in award ing the prizes, given by 1\[1'. Philip vVaterlow for fir st aid competition, &c. Mr. S. T. Hipwell, the superintendent, was the recipient of merited prai se, for the able manner in whi ch he had discharged his duties. The divi sion has trea ted during the past year 178 cases, more or less serious. The following were the prize winners : First Aid.- Charles Brown, silver watch; Edmund Cooper, coffee urn; Herbert Town send, cl inical thermometer; \Villiam lIarper, dirt ionary. For Stretcher Drill (written)-William IIu stway te, marble clock, an d the paper did not contain a single error. For regular attendance-Charles Sargood, carving knife and fork in case; Charles Brown, a book; Il'illiam [Jllstwayte, clinical thermometcr. Elevcn medallion s have been earned during the year, six re-examination \'o uchers, and nine nursing cer tificates.

AID. PROVI~CL\L

CORPS, .\ CCJUNCTO .. -At the annual meeting- helJ under the ch linnan ship of :\[r. J. Ogden, the report was read Irom which it appears th tt th~ corp3 is one of the best e'lui pped in LanC~lsh ~re. 0 \'er 100 ~a<e5 of first aid have been treated by the memb ers dunn a .the year. [he "\~aY (),r (.-\ lderman TIa ywood) was re-clected the preslden ~; :\ [e~sr5. .1" r-. Grafton, Ald. Lee, G. W. :'Iacalpine, J.P., J. W . Jamleson, .Coun clll?r J. Duxbury, J. E. Riley, J.P., and R. Briggs-B.ur)', vIce-presidents. fhe followinG' officers who also formed the commIttee, were elected : Superintendel~t. i\1r. { 'vVhittaker; joint sec., :\Iessrs. J. Spencer and W. F . Lever, R. Hubson, in spector of store s. Divisional <?fncers: :-'fess:s. ]. W. Farrar, P . Therington, G. Rawcliffe, and J. Stanheld ; J. WyllIe, sub-officer; Mr. lI ogan, acti \' e superintendent. Mr. J. Ogde~ was made an hon. li[e member of the corps in recognition o[ valuable servIces rendered. CLTTHEROE.-On ~ov. 28th ., at the Liberal Club, :\1r. J. H argreaves, the Corps Secretary, was presented with an oak writing desk and ca:e combineu, on the occasion of his marriage, by the members of. the St. John Ambulance Corps. :\Ir. J. Robinson presided at the meetmg, and :\[r. Riley, the Supel intendent, made the presentation . XORTHA~!PTu ~.-There has been two cases engaging the attention of the Transport Service of the Northampton [\m bulance Corps during the past month deserving o[ mention. In one case some dIfficulty was exp~rienced in removing a patient to the workhouse infirm ary by IJorse Am bulance from his residence in the town, owing to the narrow staIrcase and p:lssage in the patient'S house. The same diffic~ltie7 were successfully contended with in :lnother case, from a patIent s hOllse to the Korthampton General Infirmary. A Slaff Sergeant, two Seraeants, a,nd three men beinO' enaaO'ed in the removals. The usual weekly dnlls have been well ~ttended, as also the :'[embers Xursing Class, under the able instruction of A. H . J ones, Esq., M.D ., :\LR.C.P. I\' ELLI~GBO[{Ot;GH CORPs.-During the month 9 cases of first aid rendered by the members of the corps haye been reported . The mo st serious being FractllIes 3, Sprains I, I nternal Injury I , Fracl~lr.e~ Kn ee Cap I. Twenty-seven men belonging to the IIeadquarters DI\'lslon are n ow O'oinO' throu O'h the ~ ursine- course. The Tran sport ha \'e made three b b ~ "" long bjourneys during the month with the horse ambu lance. ., ov 12t h ., 4 P m.-The corps rereived a. call by telegram, to senous aCCIdent at Irthlingboro' (+ miles). ft appears that Fred Rose, in the employ of :\Ie ssrs~ Payne, got caught in the shafting, which drew him up, .and took him round several times, until another lad stopped the engll1e. Dr. Robb was soon on the spot, and soon afterwards the ambulance wagon arrived from Wellin gboro'. First aid having been rendered by Dr. Robb, all speed was made with the ambulance to get the patient to the Northampton Infirmary (q miles). Hon. Surgeon Robb, reports injuries as foll ows :-Right Side, green stick fracture, both bones 111 fore-arm' thumb torn off ; hruised elbow'and injured shoulder. Left Side, fracture ~f thigh, green stick fracture of both bones in fore arm; dislocation of elbow joint; fracture of humerus; bruised face. It was thought t hat no chance of recovery was possible, but it is no\\' a fortnight since the accident occurred. The left arm has been amputated, and the patient is O'oina on most favourably. ~ VRST;\,G DI\'I::iIO~.-X urse Pickering, Oue~n's Nurse attached to the corps, early in the month met with a JiO'ht accident,' causing a se" ere sprain. :'lost valuable assistance has be~n rendcred by the :L\ ursing Dh'i sion during her temporary abse nce from duty. She has now quite recovered, and happily so, for since the cold weather ha s set in, as many as IS cases havc been on hand at one time. IVI~ SFON.D.-Th e superintendent has recently received frol11 the L. &. K. \\T. Railway Company a cheque [or £10 lOs . (for the funds of the corps) for services rendcred in can nection with the recen t rai Iway acciden t at IVin sford Jun ction. YORK.-On 21st November there was a torchlight procession through the streets of York, consist ing of ambulance detachments from \ 'ol unteer Brigades, Fire Brigade, Railway Companics, 'c. There were I:!O torches carried in the procession which presented a most picturesque appearance. Collections were made along the route by which it is hoped that the funds of the local association "'ill be considerably augmented. There was afterwards a concert [allowed by a demonstration of fir t a id by members of the North Eastern Ra il\\'ay Company's .\mbulance Corps. The Lady Mayoress presented medallions and certificates to those who had passed the examination, after which Mr. Tennant proposed a vote o[ thanks to the Lady Mayoress which Surgeon-~Iajor Hutton seconded, sayina that he looked forward to the time when every city and town would have its ambulance service on the same footing as its fire bl igade and police force. The L ord :'layor acknowledged the resolution on bchalf o[ his wife, expressed the pleasure that the Lady :'layoress and himself felt in helping such a good ca.use . Surgeon-Captain J. P. S. Hayes, Arm)' :'Iedical Staff, has bccn appointed to the \Jalla Garrison, on \'acating the appointmcnt of ,\djutan t of the Volunteer Med ical Staff Corps. frS\nCII ~ (;RS IN G CORps.-The numbcr of ladies joining lhe Corps is increa sing, and good \y ork is being done by the members. ~ursing

FIRST TO OUR READERS. As it is our most earnest wish and desire to make this Journal as attractive as poss ible, we beg correspondents ln all parts of the country to gi\'e it all the help they ca n. We hope the Superintendents of Corps and Officers o( Divisions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade and Officers of the \ Toltlnteer Medical Staff Corps, and the Vo\t;nteer Ambulan ce School of In struction, will do their best to make it known am c I~gst their respecti\'e corps, and also will send for publication their officia I news.

TER.:\lS OF SUBSCRIPTION. 6d, post free, to be sent to "The Publiher," Alan Palmer & Reed, IT, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. FOR 12 months, IS.

TELEGRAPHrC AODRES5-" ARTERY, LO~DON."

FIRST AID IS DECEA[BER, THE su bject of

r89~·

police ambulance is one of POUCE great importance to the inhabitants of A~lBL' LAN CE. London con idering the number of accidents that occur in its streets and the :isk of being knock.ed dmyn or run over that ~verybody lI1curs on atlell1pt1l1g to cross any of its crowded thoroughfares. \Ve find that the averacre number of accidel~ts (reported) .in the. streets of Lond~n during four w~el~s ]S abou~ 600) mcludmg ten deaths, showing that thIS IS not an ImagInary but a real danger. This then is a matter. that imerests every individual in our great metropolts. for not only the poor but the rich and welllo-do are just as liable to be amongst the [ 50 victims (or perhaps more as we are now havincr dark focrgy weather) who will be injured this next week. Let us~ee what happens when an accident takes place-a man is run over, receives some severe inJ'ury a crowd O"athers . ' b roun d 111 a moment, and the injured man is duly stared at. Perhaps some one more daring than the rest ventures to look at and examine him to see if he is alive or dead' then somebody shouts out, "Don't touch him till th~ police come," and the poor sufferer is severely left alone (unless by. chance a doc~or or first-aider is present) . After an ll1terval the policeman arrives who probably knows nothing about ambu~ance ,york, and he may ~end for a doctor, but m?st hkely WIll place the patient mto a !our-wheeled cab, Irrespective of the injury, and have hIm taken to the nearest hospital as quickly as possible. If a doctor appears on the scene the case of course is properly examined and treated two' kinds of vehicles being available for use, J. cab or the wheeled litter that is kept at some of the police stations Such a conveyance as an ambulance carriage for street accidents has never been heard of yet, but we hope it soon will be. This then is the method in which street accidents are treated ~n t?e fir,st city of the world,- -a striking instance of which IS .gIven 111 a~other column 111 a paragraph under" First AId Record, where not one, out of the four policemen present, knew anything about rendering first aid. There is a remarkable feature about a London crowd that is worthy of note, miO'ht almost . viz., the respect 'we b ~y rev,erence, t Ilat It pays t? the policeman. When any bttle dl turbance anse~ he IS the man in authority, and the crowd, as a rule, lIstens to no one else. When an accident occurs he is ill sole charge and we do not think that we are stating anything out of reason when we say that every policeman should be instructed in the principles of first aid. \Ve are aW,l re that this subject has been considered by the Police Commi sioners, and we are enabled to crive particular~ of what is being done. In the City, where the force IS under the control of the Corporation we find th2t a good deal of attention is being paid to the matter and grcJ.t praise is due to the Commissioner J.nd D/

AI D.

December, r8 94 .J

[December, 1894

Gordon Brown for the time and trou ble they have spent in carrying out the scheme. At present all recruits desiring to enter the City police force must first obtain an ambulance certificrtte, without which they cannot join, this however not applying to the old members. Another fact that must not be lost sight of is that there is a permanent ambulance station at St, Paul's Churchyard, (fitted out at the expense of Dr. Freshfield where a trained assistant under the control of the St'. John Ambulance Association is always on duty in the day-time), in addition to which we hear that two or three more are going to be added in different parts of the City. VIe gather from these facts that the City is in a fair way to have an efficient am bulance service. . \ Ve are afraid that we cannot give such a good account of the Metropolitan Police, Instruction in first aid is not compulsory among the members of the force. A small number of volunteer classes, about 20, are held during the year and are very well attended, it being estimated that there are about 2,000 certificated men in the whole of the Metropolitan Police; a very small percentacre considering the total number of the force. For tr~nsport the): have stretchers and wheeled litters, mo tly oldfashIOned, and bought many years since before the present improved litters were designed. ' Sy~h then bein~ the facts with reference to the present pOSItIOn of the pollce ambulance in London we have no hesitation in saying that it is time somethi~lg more was ~on~. Consi.dering t~le number of accident daily happen111g 111 our mIdst, and the loss of time and money incurred by. tl:e unfortunate indivi~l~als who are injured, we are of op111,IOn that the authonties ought to do eyerything pOSSIble to lessen the risk of further injury, especially in the. way of first aid treatment. Every member of the polIce. force oug~t to hold a certi~cate of proficiency in first aId, and untIl we get an orgal1lsed ambulance service, the best means available for transport in the shape of a good supply of pro perly constructed litters, and an ambu~al~ce carriage or two, should be made use of. At present It IS a .matter of pure luck, whether a person, the victim of aCCident or sudden illness, receives the proper treatment. It ought to be a certainty. - - - - :0: - - - -

Ifn jJfl£lnoriam. LANGFORD PALMER. JUST as we are going to press we hear, with the most profound sorrow, of the death of Mr. Langford Palmer, at Bourne~outh. Although he was not officially connected WIth any ambulance work, yet he was so well known, and had so often given his services to the MetroP?liLIl1 Corps of the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade, tL.at hIS sudden loss must be a great shock to its members. A'i an ~rtiste he W~l hu~ourous '~ithout being vulgar, and mirth-provokll1g WIthout be111g coarse and we shou~d think must have been in the very fir~t rank of drawmg-room humourists. The last time the writer saw him was at the Brixton Ramblers' Club about a month ago, and iittle did we who heard him d~eam that that would be the last time that we should ever listen to his c~ever impersonatIOns. TI'uly in the midst of life we are 1Il death, and we know not who or at what time may be the next one among us to be called away, To his heart-broken parents, sisters and brothers we can only offer our most sincere sympathy and dlso that . of the St. John Ambulance ' Drio·ade and, we are certalJ1, hope that the Almigh ty will soften their griel'and' crive them strength to bear their great sorrow. Eo

FIRST

@ur ~ortra it (BaIIe r~.

COL. SIR HERBERT c. PERROTT, BART . , CHIEF SECRETARY ST, JOHN At-IBLTLAN CE ASSOCIATION.

T is with much pleasure that we present our readers with a portrait of the popular Chief Secretary of the St. John Ambulance A sor:iation, Col. Sir Herbert C, Perrott. The su bject of our sketch, who is the fifth baronet, was horn in 1849, and educat ed at th e Ips\\-ich Gra mmar School, and suhs e qu e nrly passed the examinati on for tbe Royal i\lilitary College , Sandhurst, b eing twentyseventh o n a list of 96 successful cand id at es. In I ~6 ' he passed lf~e ne cessary examInati on for a "direct co mmi 'sion " t o th e army , oC::: LIpy in g th e fourteenth place on a list of [12 successful ca ndid ates and was subsequ ently offe red a commission in th e 8-ttl~ Foot. In ':\l ay, 1870, h e bcca me an En io·n in the 2nd K ent Rifl e V olul:tcers, and ~n th e D ccemb~r o f tha t year , was gazetted a LI eut enant 111 th e E as t Kent Militia in which re.gi,ment he has, rem a in ed, w orking up step' by step, untIl,l11 the ye ar 18 93 he was app ointed Li e ut.-C ol., Commanclll1g and Hon ora ry Colonel of this Corps which no,,". form s the 3rd Ba tallion (( Th e Buffs lJ (East Kent Regim e nt), During hi s military career Sir Herbert has on se\'eral occasion s been att ached to a nd ha done duty with the following leadin O' reO"im e]~ts of th e se rvice :-The Gu ard s, the Rifl e Bri o·ade the 9'2.rd Hi crhIan d.e.rs, 4tl 1 Ir' b ' , :\"ll1g , 0 \"n R oyal s, the 23rd Roy al \V elb 'h Fu silters, and the I t Battalion 'I The Buffs." It is paY,ing. Sir H erbert no idle complim ent in saying that he 1 hIghly and deseryedly popular with his men, H e is a st,rict disciplin J.rian, bu t th oroughl y j LI st, a nd any man havlIlg a gri evance would not h es itate t o lay the matter befol:e him, being ce rtain of ha \'ing a kindly --ympath etic heanng, ~nd hIS wrong,.if any, speedily r edressed. It was l,n I ~7 5 that SIr H erb ert first became actiy ely engaged 111 the work of the Order of St, John beino' , 1 A· ' with Eo a~poll1tec SSIstant Secretary to act in conjunction SIr Edmund Le~hmere, who was at that time its Secretary. On the foundatIOn of the St John ~-\.mbulance A ssociat!on in 1877,. he was appointed _Chief Secretary, a positIOn be hJ.s Slllce held WIth credit to himself and material advantage to the A ssociati on . Zealou s and e nthusiastic in the ca~lse, Sir !1- erb ert is at at all times ready to .travel any ell tanc e ll1 order to put forward its claIm ' to public upport, with th e result that he has ucce?decl in making a Jarge circle of fri ends, who entertam for him warm feelings of reg::trcl, In 187 6 on the formation of the Eastern \¥ ar Sick J.nd \VoLlnd~cl Relief ~llnd, Sir Herbert a.cceptec:l ~he post of Honorary ~ec I ctary, and IlC carned Ollt Its onerous duti es to the complete satisfaction of .the large body of subscribers, and to that of the CommIttee who managed the Fund.

AID .

Church matters at all times ensure his valuable attention. He is a parish (Plumstead) representative and member of the Ruridecanal Conference of the deanery of Woolwich in which capacity he has done much u seful work. ' Many Philanthropic Societies also have the adnntage of his kindly aid, amongst which we may mention th e London Skin Hospital of which he is a vice-president; the Humane Needlework Society of which he is patron and the \Vomen's Branch of the Horticultural Collecre' Swanley, Kent, on the Council of which h e is actiY~ly employed. He is naturally fond of our nati onal (Tam e and is P~tron President , or Vice-presid ent of marry of the loca l Cricket clubs, as w ell as of th ose connected with kindred so c ~~tie ' , such as h ock ey, fo otball, and athleti c sp ort s. ~llld and ge,? erous . to a ~ault, tl: oroughly upright and stralghtforward III all hIS d ealmgs, SIr H e rbert ha. end e.lretl him se lf t o all those with whom h e h as co m e in co nt ac t and tha t he may for y ears to co m e be connec ted witl; th e great m oYe ment, with which his name is so indi ssolubly connect ed, is the earne t wish of all ( fir t-a iders " who recog ni e and appreciate his ste rlin o· ,,-o rt h and kindh' natur t' , '" ----:0:----

/1)

1Rotes By " TO U RYT<2U ET."

TH E Lon d on Cabma n is, 1 kn oll', at t imes erra tic, but the id ea of ('0 11 fu sll1 g T oyn bee I Ia ll With the Ca mbridge ;'Ilusic H a ll is. [ lhin k , LQO splen d id.

1.A~[ glad to lea rn t hat the pr~ p r i etors of the QIli1Jer haye generously deCIded to replace th e meda l whIch was lost hr P ri l,ate F ri end on l. ord ;'I[ayor's Day . .

% % ':..~

I \\'AS p leased to notice a t Lh e meet in g at T or n hee H all lhal lWOof the t eam \\'~1O won the :'l assey-:\bin wa ring C up ha \'e earned we ll-m erited promotIon. ,'.' -K,'f.

[ TRUST T oynbee will look a fter t he boys as well as Ki ncy Edwa rd did. Th e Di\'ision co mes to th em with a record an d it beh oves t he a ut hori ties t here to do a ll in their power to main ta i'n t ha l record.

*'i.' .;:, \.v 0,~[ AN was intended as a hel pmate fo r ma n , a n0 1 mll st say" Th e C hI ef n ever look s so ha ppy as wh en h e IS aSS ISLI n g- a t so me amhulan ce fun ct ion under ta ken by h is wi fe, . ->"

;,'

':.'f.

. As an exhibj tion of spl endid drill ~l nd fir st a id work.. the rece nt co m pet ItIO n, a t t ? e \ olunt ee ~· A mbu la nce ::: ch ool of Ins,trucllOn , will requ ire a lot o~ bea tIn g E s peCIa lly th e dn lt of the ~t h \\ est Surrey, t he L ondon Sc?ttlsh, an d th e L ondon R Ifl e BrI gade Cade ts, was \'ery good . T h eir l?Olnt5 were all very close) a nd there see me J a good deal of diffi culty in fiXlll g t he m. .;.,!

-).! ~¥-

THE q uest ions were set by o ne of t he Seni or Exam in ers a nd were co nsi dered very stiff, so r su ppose the standard wa s pretty hi g h.

*'*'.;.'

TH E Concert and Distribution of Pri zes were ;1 g reat SlI CCC,!', hut wh y d idn 't they get a la rge r ha ll ? ~

-A~

,'(,

r l{AT [[E1{ fa n cy fro m wha t I can g lea n that the Con ference of Lh e Surgeon a nd Ch ie f Offi cers of the St. J ohn ,\ miJ uian ce Br icyade \\ ill com e off a ft er a ll . I l seems to cause so me lill ie exci le ment in ~ e Corps. .;,::..

,y.

.;.\!

\\'JT[J regard to the leaded li g hL of th e S t. J ohn Am bula nce Assoc iat io n me l~l io n ~d la~L m o nt~, ~ ha\'e received a comm un ica ti on [ro m Slip!' Hea l of R ea~l lJl g , that a slll1llar a rrangemen t ~a5 be~n used by tha t Cor ps,

I t con slsls of a. Ma llese Cross cut o ut of tm, pa ll1ted blac k a nd while wILh " SL J ohn Am bululan ce Brigade " ro und it a nti benea th it a sma ll plate, wilh " f\ppli a nces \Yithin " o n it. It see n\ s from the sketch sen t a useful de sign.

FIRST AID.

<toIumn. COOKERY FOR I~VALIDS A :D THE SICK, THE liberal manner ill which this column has been opened up for the benefit and iI ' truction of those who are engaged in nur ing emboldens me to offer a few uggestions upon the Se7'1'2Ce of food to itwalids and other ailing per on whose appetites arc, under these circumstance_, generally capriciou and difficult to excite; the cook may preparE: a little dainty and send it from the !.;:itchcnju 't exactly as it should be serycd, but perhaps It ha to pa -: through the hands of a nur:c or sick-room Zlttendant, in which case the chances arc that its charm will be dispeUed ere it reaches the presencc ot thc im'alicl. 1'hi i a yeryerious matter where the reputation of the cook is concerned, and cannot be to the adyantage of the patient. Let us ha,'c an in -tance. The cook prepares beef-tea, and seryes it eatabl)" warm in a small coycred basin on a tray coyered by'a neatly folded snow-white napkin, with small toast square or bi, cuits on a separate plate or little glass dish. Any delay in sen'ice mean cold beef-tea and tough toa t. If the cook sends it myay too hot to swallow forthwith, the patient may be kept waiting until the bee ~- teacool ,and by that time the toast toughens, ,Vhen the cook can rely upon th e sen-ice bein() immediate and clir~ct, it gi\'es a better opportunity of pleasing the patient, and prO\-iding little acces aries that otherwise are una,-ailable . TOCGH TOAST to an ilwalid's weak stomach is yery indig~stible and, causes flatulence in a yery marked degree, suffiClently so 11l somc cases to be dangerous to life, Toast toughens so readily after being remoyed from the fire that it may be said to be always sen-ed tOlwh or tougher than bread, whiLh i exactly what it should 'not be, ~oaked in beef-tea, or any other liquid does not oyercome the indigestible qualities of tough toa~t. ,Vhat can we use as a substitute? Biscuits are good, but better till is "",hat th~ Fre~lch co~ks call" croutons." They are quarter-lllch thIck ~hces of t111ned loaf, sborn of their crusts cut into conyenient fingers or small balf-inch squares and baked in a moderately hot oyen until they are a golden bro\,,-n on top, \\'ben they are turned and replaced in the oyen for the other side to jm:t lightly take colour. Baked on a wire tray the turning is not neces ary To s them on to thickly folded pap,er a~ld keep them in a warm dry place, or pack them away 111 tms when quite cold, These are then always fresh, always crisp, keep \yell and can be cr\'cd with any kind of liquid food, ' ,Vh en your patient has partaken of the daintily sen'cd food, remoye the tray and yessel right away out of the room at oncc ncycr kayc them hanging about. Let the inyalid express an opinion of the food, in <1tls"-cr to your que tion thus -' was it nice? "-and take the answer direct Lo the cook, who e chief anxiety will be to study the itwalid's taste, and alter any little dissatisfaction, It is no kindne:s to the cook to conceal even a pee"ish patient's grumbling,. The" are oftentimes real althoucyh set down to irritability, tblls you see wc baye one ()o~d point di cussed, Serve ready for immediate consumption neyer too hot, nor chilled by waiting, The food shou ld not require further seasoning, and the toa t shou ld be baked" crOLtton: ,' Clean away directly the yessc1s arc done \yith, and be careful that the taking of the food does not require much discomfort, or protracted exertion on the part of the patient, W}10 is not always so patient as the n.amc suggc,ts. .B:lt in, ~lany case --all, 110W many?thc lmpatlence or lrntablltty of thc uffcrer is due to defcctiye nurs~ng. Tilis column shou ld be of great yalue to nurses, anxIOUS to please and give atisfaction to their patients, and a boon to the patients themseh'es T. F_ GARRETT,

[December, r 894.

St. jobn BnlbuIflllce BeSoclfltioll. BIRKENHEAD.-'Ye have receiyed lhe annual reporlof this cenlre, from which i~ appears that thc movement i; making progress in the tO\l'n and neighbourhood, 13 classes \l'ere held during the year, and out of 218 male randidates exal.1ined by Surgeon-:'Iiajor Hutton, :]09 passed. There II ere only 9lauycanuiclales IIho all passed. There ,,·as a public distribution of the certificates on the 5th ;\[ay, by \ -iscount Btll)"- 1+7 memhers of the Birkenhe~d Borough Constahulary hold certIficates, and they rendered first aid to 32 cases (many of them serious) during the year. Ambulance stretchers and litlers are placed at 26 different stations and also at many railway stations. In the Brigade there are at present on the roll, I Superintendent, I lIon. Sec., I In spector of St()res, TO Dil'isi()nal Officers, and 253 rri,·ates. FAI,XHA,I,-The appeal lately made hy thc committee by means lli" collecting cards, for th e remainder of the amOllnt required to complete the purchase of an ambulancc ,'a n, I"iz, frolll lIS tlll20 has been 111ll'l successful. The IIidespread interest in the "ociely heing shall n by tilL! number of suh,;l'\"ihers amounting to +06 :Ind the slim raised being l2 S 17 5, 6d. Donation s varying from a pen ny to a pound. The committee ha\'e purchased ~n articulated skeleton for w;e at lectures, which Ilill he a most useful additiun both to the lecturer$ and to the pllpil~. Il"\\"lCII.-There are fifty more students now undergoing instrll('ti'lIl than this time last year, 170 in all. Examinations f()r nearly JOO \\"ill be held just before Christmas, by Brigade, Surgeon Li eutena n l-('olonel C. B. :'IIc~alty and work sti ll promises \\'ell for next year. J ,ETCE TER.-The ambulance cl.lss in connection II ith the Boruugh of Leicester "'orking ;\[en's Club and 1nstitule g:1\'e their second display in the Lccture IIall of the Bond-street Cluh last Tue,day el'ening, Dec. +, before a crowdeu audience. ' ?\ORTH LO;\'DoN DrsHner, :'IIETRoPOLITA:\1 CE:>:Tl{E,-On :'I[ onc.lay, December 3rd, a "ery interesting presentation took place at I, Caen Terrace, Highgate, the residence of ;\Irs. Box, when :'I [r5. \\', Gelll, non. Class Secretary to the Ladics' Classes at Stroud Grcen \\'as prcse11leu \\'ith a \'ery handsome c~rriage clock by the lauies who had attended the first aid anll llursing classes held ;It her re"idelll"e, 5 2, Yictoria Road, Stroud Green.

--------:0:--------

lRaiIwflr tlnlbuIance. CHE:>HJRE Lr:-.lES i\;Y[f3l"LAXC£ CO~IPETTTTO\.-The annual competition oetll'een the ambulance men in the Cheshire Lines sen'ice took place on Friday evening, Xo\'ember 23rd, at the Central Station, Liverpool. Illr. Dayid :'I[e1drum, general managcr, presided, and among tho~e present were Mrs. Meldrum, Dr. lJumphreys, Grassendale, :\lr. Gleggc Thomas, ;\[r. R. R. I\'alker, :\lrs. and ~liss \\'alk er, :\[1'. and Mrs. Manner s, J. Derbyshire (Thompson :\l cK:1Y &. Co.), G, JUason (stalion master), l\1es -rs. G. Ta\'elnor, II. T. Heathcote (Scuthpo~t), R. Robert~, G. \\"ilk~ns, A. \Yay, \Y. F. ~iggott, " ', Carson,I·. Pratt, G, "alker, J. l-arre1I, R. Powell, J, h'appel1, F. Green, F, II'. Fenna, A. S. Oldmeado\\', and E, O. Lloyd, secretary or the Ches~ire Lines ,,\mbulance ?ociety, and others. The competitions were carned out by squads of hl'e men each, :lnd eight squad,;, and consequently -+0 men, entered from the following centres :-Li\'erpool (Central), lIusk isson, Birkenhead, Southport, 'Yarrington, Xorth\Iich, :\Ianchester and Chester. Dr. IIumphreys acted as judge. The successful squads last year were :- I, Iluskisson ; 2, Lil'erpool (Central); 3, Btrkenhead. At the close of the contest Dr. Ilumphreys said the competition had been a most admirable one. The successful squads were :- 1, Hu sk isson; 2, Birkenhead; 3, "'arrington. i'l-lr. :\Icldrum congratulated the winning teams upon their success. They had had an excellent exhibition, and it \\';.s gratifying to kno\\' that they had all sho\\"n such fine form that night, and that such a larO"e number of the men took an interest in am?ulance work, Though ~·ailll'ay accidents \\'ere yearly becomll1g less, rall\\'ay servants thcm se ll'es were exposed to grea~ dangers; it was therefore to their own interests that they shoulu contmue the good work. (Applause). Mrs, Meldrum then prese nted the cups and other prizes to each team. PA1 JmKGTO T STATIO:\1 (G.W.R.).-A distribution of certificatcs and badges took pl~.~e at ,Paddington Station on Tuesday afternoon, Dec:mber -+th, 1 he chall' was taken a~ 4 p.m. by.Lord Evelyn (Deputy ChaIrman), who addressed the meet111g, and 111 the course of his remarks his lord ship said , " [will noll' call upon Lady Gooch to di stribute these certificates and bad~es. All present knoll' . how deeply wC are lIldebted to the late S'r .Dan,e~ Gooch for hiS wOlk III the past, and al~o to the members of hIS famIly, Lady Gooch has ta.ken a O"reat intcrest in this ambulance movement all over the lipe. Good work has been done and I hope for even mor~ useful results. Since r888, 216+ men hal'e qualified on the Great" cstern system, anu 916 important cases hq,ve been treated. \Vhen one reads such figures it makes thosc who have not been trained very uncomfortable, 'Ve must ho\\"ever put this right. T consider those who have the knowleclO"e ~re ind ce(l fortunate mortals." J\fter Lady Gooch had made the "presentations, ~\t[ r. lJ enry Lall~bert (Gener::tl Mana~er), as~ed l~er. ladyship to present Dr. C, \Vlcks With an umbrella (beanng an II1scnptlon) which had been subscribed for by the members of his class, Dr. Wicks having cxpressd

December, r894.J

FIRST

his thanks, Mr. Mortimer proposed a vole of thanks to Lady Gooch and Mr. II ubbard (Deputy Chairman) replied for hcr lad yshi p. r11 addition to above named those present includcd Mr. G. K, Mills (Secretary), Mr. Hart ( uperintcndent), :'Ifr Rowed (Stalion ;'v[aster), and Mr. f\ Ian Palmer. Afler the meeting had concluded the men adjournetlto ,ll1other room and were addressed by:\lr. Alan Palmer, \\bo urged them to elect a cOl11mit~ee and organise the al11bulal;ce movement on a proper footll1g al Padclinglon, and proposed that an actIve division of the Metropolitan Corps St. John Ambulance Brigade be furmed. :'I[r. Ro\\'ed also addressed the meeting. SELBY X.E.,R.-The examination of two classes of the abol·e LOok place on SU~lda y \ :\"oyem ber 25 th, in the goous office. at the station . Surgeon-:\laJor G. [Iutton, of London, was the eX<lmlller, \\"ho, after !lumbering the men in tbe usual manner, proceeded to put thcm through the \'<nious bandage and stretcher drills, all of which were 'Illarllyand efflciently performed, a rter which the men were severally questioned as to their knoldeuge of treating fractures, h,t~morrhage, &:c., to all of \Ihich questions the replie., were deemed thuruu.e:hly sat i:;fal'lury. ,\ total of 27 men =ucl"es~fully passed the third and final staO'e which entitles them to the bronze medallion of the Order of SL Jol~l, kindly presented by the :\"orth Eastern directors, 1'11·0 passed into the second stage, and nine others passed the first grade, which entitles them to the S1. John certificate, also given by the Company. Three of those in the second class are members of the I" est Riding Con5tabulary, yiz., PoCo J. Houran, r.c. \Y. E. Bayli s,and P.C . .!. Budge.

.--- - :0: -------

,:.t. ~ni)rclu'~ ~nlfJulanc£ ~~~ociRtion. C\LEllONfA\ RArL\\'AY ,\~lIl ULA:>:CF. CO~IPETITlo:\C.-The ,Innllal cum petition ror the Caledonian Railway .\mhulanc e Cll"IlIc'lg' l'l'l' \\:\, held in the Caledonian Company's LOCUI11Util'e "',,. k ~ . Sl. I{,ollu,;, on Saturd:IY, ::\ol"emhcr Jyd, Squads u[ men [rom Stiriin,,;, Euinburgh, llamilton, Dundee, Carstairs, Eglinton StreeL, ,\ berdeen, St Rollux, Polmadie, :'Ilotherwell, Perth, anll Buchanan Street Guods Station, took pan in the demun~tration. The examination consisted of t\\"o ]larts-a practical demonstratiun of the treatment and tran sport of the injureu, ami an oral examination. The arbiters appointed by lhe St ,\ndre\,'~ \mhulance ,\~,;ociation II·ere Professor .lames Dunlop, Dr .1.1-:. Brollie, Dr . .J. F. 'litherland, Ill. D.::\. Knox, anll Dr. I\". B. :\[ oir. The first prize (challenge cup, to be held for a year, and gold medallions ror each uf the file memht:rs of the team) I\"aS all·arued to 1Iamilwn \\-est, and the sewnd prize (sill'er meuallions to each member of the team) to Eglinton SlleeL. ,\tthe close of the competition, the examiners expressed themseh'es highly satisfied" ith the erficiency of the differcnt tcams, and congratulated the men upon thc l\"llrk done this year, which sho\\'ed a considerable impron:ment oYer last year, although the standard \\a · then \ery high. The teams lI'ere afterwards entertained to dinner by the COl11pan),. t):>: Sund'l\", I lec. JIlU, Dr. Shaw, Crosshill, deli\'ered:t most interesting lecture at Eglinton 'lleet Statiun, c..~iasgu\\, when a ne\\" .\mbulance Class of So members \\"as formed, The lloctor described the ad\'antage uf First :\id, and pointed out hOI\" easily a knowledge of ambulance "ork sal'ed a comrade's life, when an accident occurreu, by kno\\ing where to put the thumb to 'top the no\\' of blood until medical aid ,U I il·ell. The dodul also briefly described the yarious systems of the body, As the I\ork uf the class does not bcgin till Sunday next, those who ha\'e nut yet joineu haye still an opportunity of doing so. The class II illmcet at the station at ++5 p.m. e\'ery Sunday. l\N Amblllance Class has been formed at Ardrossan, which meets at the general waiting room at the Caley Station. Inspector Gilbert, captain, and ~1r. John Frame, head purter, secretary. ,\ branch of the Railway Mi ssion has also been formed-J. G. llill , Esq., banker, presiuent, and Mr. Steele, C.R . booking clerk, secretary. This branch should pro\'e very successful, as there are a large number of Caler anu G. & S. W, servants in the district. - - - - - - : 0: - - - - - - -

jfirst Bib lRecorb. [Under Lhis headlllg are ,'ecOJ'ded all cases which come to our JloLice, III whiclt First A iii rendn'ed by Ambulallce pupils has bun of valuable <Issistallce, We as;' Oll7' readers to help us by sel/ding parliculars of all

sllch cases , J

BI IRNLEy.-On vVednesday, ?\OV. 21St, a man \las engao·cll in gelling rock in Scott New Park, Burnley, \\hen a ~teel \\'ellge flew om and entered his leg. Seudon Starkic, a member of the BUll11ey Lane Ambulance Section, W:1S called and arrested the bleeding, Dr. Sinclair afterwards said that but for the timely aid which the patient had reccivcd he would have died from loss of blood. CITY.-Mr. E. J. Stephens whil st passing along Fetter Lane, E.C" one morning some two or three weeks since, reports that he witnessed an acciden t as follows :-Alman fell at the edO"e of the pavement and was run ovcr by a heavy cart, with the result that he fractured his thiO"h and collar bone. Four policemen were present, but they had no kno~l'ledge of fir st aid, anti immediately suggested a cab. i\Ir. Stephens protested,

AID.

and with his umbrella, handkerchief, &c" proceeded to fix up the injuries and sentlhe police for an ambulance, on which the patient \,'as conveyed to thc hospital. CIIELMSFOH.D.-.\n accident of a. serious nature occurred at the works of :\lessrs, Crompton &. Co., Limiteu, electrical engineers, Ull :'IIond~ly, X ovember 26th, .\ workman named Euwards \\·as 1110\ ingsome hea\'y dynamo magnets upon a trolley, II hen the magnets slipped forward anti jerked the trolley Yiolently b"ck\\'ard, knocking him dow!l and injuring his head and arms, One of the draughtsmen, :'Ilr .. ", Prout IYhitehead, who \\'as ulltil recently an officer in the :'I[etropolttan Corps of the S1. John ,\mbulance Brigade, lI"as sllmmoned, anuallenued to the wounded man's injurie" Edwards' head and right arm requiled dressing, and aftcr this \\'as done, and the arm comfortably slung, the half-dazed man \\'as removed to his home where he received medical attention. CO\'£:-.I"[" G ARJ )E:\ .-Un Tuesda)" ::\ o\'elll ber 13th, a serious accident occurred in King- Streel, Co\'ent Garuen, IV.C, :'I[r. James Johnson of 35, Geurge Street, Camberwell, heing run ol'er anti su ·taining a Potl'~ fractUle of the left leg, Cyclist IY. H. Dickson of the St. John .\mbulapce Brigaue immediately placed the limb in splint and took him 10 Charing Cross ll ospital. Some fell" d~lys r5rel'iollsly :'III'. Dickson rendered first aid to a porter in Co\'ent Garden ;\Iarket, \\"ho had sel'ered the temporal anery. FIRST .\lJl JlY , \ PHAR'IACIEX,-.\ Paris Pharmacien was on Tuesday ordered by ,l Court to par a fine of 2Sf., and 2,000f. as damage s to a cook for the top of a finger joint, she had pricked it with a piece of zinc, and going to the pharmacy had it dressed with carbolic lotion. This, in the opinion of a medical II itness whom the cook called, was the cause of the trouble, and although there was much evidence to the contrary, the court came to the extraordinary conclusion aboye mentioned. FAR:-.IHA:lI.-Four cases ha\'e been reported for the month of ::\Oy" the most ~erious being the case of a woman, \\'ho had her face, head and arm badly scalded by boiling fat, causing collapse. ~1r. IYorsam, ga\·e stimula11l5 and bandaged injured parts with lint and carron oil. .\nother lias hand crushed, one finger broken. Hand put up by :\[r. Barnett. [l'S\\'ICH .-.\n accident occnrreu late in X 0\' ., at :\Iessrs. Fison '5 :'Ilill, in which a man's head was badly cut on the top and on the temple, by a rel·ohing \I heel. Robert Cah·esbert, a member of the Ip swich Corps, \\as fortunately at hand and gaye first aid, and then took the injured man to the hospital, Iyhere the house surgeon said the man had had a very narrow escape. :\EATH.-Un Saturday e\'ening, :\OY. 17th., a serious accident befela man named Kerr, a mate on board the ship" Peterboro'" lying at Cardiff Docks. The unfortunate man fell dO\\I1 the forehold of the "esse I and sustained serious injuries to his head and fracturing his wrist, and "aluable first aid was rendered by Dock-constables IYilliams and E\'ans (to \I·hom great praise is due, for the prompt measures that were taken in relievillg the sufferer). Kerr was remol'ed to the' rIamadurjad" Hospital Ship, where he was detained and his injuries attended to. READI:\CG.-On :\"0\', 30th., a lad lnamed Bursley, while kicking as in football in the Palmer Park, fell and sustained a simple fracture of the rio-ht leg. Park Constable Read, \\ho is a rnember of the Reading Corp" was quickly on the spot and at once attended to the sufferer, placing the injured limb in splints and cOIn'eyed him lIpon the ambulance litter to the Royal Berks llospital. Reacl was complimented by the house surgeon upon the way he had treated the injury. This isthe 33rd case that has been tre~lted by Read since he has been a member of the Brigade. NORTHA~lI'TON.-Seyeral cases not calling for special mention have engaged thc attention of members of the ~ortha111pLOn Ambulance Corps during the past 1110mh, in ~ll of which relief has been afforded in efficient manner. On Saturday last a member of the W ickham Park F ootball Team sustained injuries to the shoulder, \Ihich were promptly allended to by the man on duly at Frank lin's Gardens, during the match bet\\'een the visiting team and the ?\ orthampton t. ./ames Football Club. The Local lIon, Director has receiveu ~L letter of thanks from the lIon. Sec. of the above corps, for timely aid rendered to a member of the Northlake F,C., on the occasion of thc match on the 20th October last, \VINSFORD.-On November 19th a man named Hy. Oakes fell into a. pan of boiling brine at the salt works, and was badly scalded. :\1r. A, Stutts, one of the ambulance corps, was close at hand and at one applied carron oil. Two other members (Denson and Bouen) also assisted, He was carefully placeu on the stretcher anu removed home. The m:1n is cloing well. Two other cases have been attended by members of the COlPS, \'OU::\cTEER :'IIElHcAL STAFF CORl'S,-~O. 5 Company, not being content lIith their most enjoyable cinderella dances, have supplemented thcm with a series of smoking concerts, the second of which look place on Friday last, under the able chairmanship of Lieutenant G, R. Glanfield. The following artistes contributed to the evening's amusement: r-.1r. Ri chmond, Mr. Val Tudor, Mr. Ted Blake, i\lr. E. Pugh, Sergeant Roofe, Private Emerson, Mr. Tom Day, and Percy Clifford. Mr. Sutch made a cap:1ble accompanist. A yote of thanks to the stewards and others concerned brought a most pleasant evening to a termination.

FIR S T

44 ~rin @rber~.

\TOLU::\TEER MEDICAL S'L\FF CORPS. HOll. C ommandant Surgeon-General Sir \Y. Guyer Hunter, M.D., ICC.M.G., (J.H.S. Com mandant, Surgeon-Lieut. Colon el A. T. ::\ orton, F .R.C.S. DriIIs--IIeadq narters --Dec. I8th, from 7 to 9. GuildhaIl.-\Yednesday, 7.30 p.m. Headquarters.-ThursdaY,7 to 8. Lectures.-Headquarters, 8 p.m.-January 3rd; Field dressi ng. .1 anuary loth; l -nconsciousness, dro\\ ning, &c.

-------:0:------

lRe\)iews.

JJaJlllal of Dnlls alld Exercises jor VoluJI/t!el' B earer COllljJanies alld Streicher Sectiol/s. PaMished bJ' A llmall & S Oil, lYew Oxford St., TV. C.

\\'e ha\'e recei\'ed a copy of the abo\'e little work, which is an abridgement of the ~Janual for the ~Iedi ca l SLaff Corps. Its compilaLion has been carefully carried out by Sergt'-:Uajor Hull, of the :\"onh. London ".B. Bearer Company, upon whom it reRects the greatest credit. The differenL drill s are arranged in a clear and co ncise manner, although we should prefer to see the word s of command printed in the margin in stead of at the heading of the detail. The book, which is publi shed by permission of the authorities, is of a convenient size so that it may easily be carried in the breast pocket of the tunic, while the price is so low that no member of the auxilia ry ambulance force should be without it ; indeed, we can also recommend it to their comrades of the regular force. "\ \' e should not forget to mention that it contains som e useful diagrams illustrating :the formation of a Bearer Company, &c. JIallual of Persol/al and Domestic Hj'giene, by ..Ii. y. Schofield, M.D. Published by Alllllall ~. S01l, Limited. This Manual is in two parts, the first being a brief description of the general construction an d working of the human body, and a summary and explanation of t he laws of hygiene; the second completes the suhject by giving an exact a knowledge as possible ofthe state of the body in common di seases, pointing out also their various causes, symptom s, and a ll measures that can be underta.ken d omestically for their cure. In this book the author has thoroughly carried out the task whi ch he has set himself, and the difficulty that he seems to us to have had was to know exactly how much to write do\~n and how much to leave out. The amount of information given, for instance, under the headings of the various diseases, would probably cause confusion in the mind of the :1\"erage lay I·eader. The chapter on food and drink is especially good, and the author's idea as regard s headaches are worth reading. A fe\\' pages are devoted to the germ theory, and it is to be hoped that the readers will not be frightened One sentence we 'will quote-lay persons may comfortably skip the other part of the subject. "Then again the vast majority of them are harmless. amI a cleanly and healthy man can safely breathe them, smile at them, and defy them, knowing that if they enter his body it is death to them not to him." To anyone wishing to study the laws of nature with reference to the human body, and the manner in which those laws are carried out, and also to anyone who wishes to live under good hygienic conditions, we recommend this man ua!.

--------:0: -------LEICESTER CE TTRE ANNUAL CHURCH PARADE. THE second annual service of the Leicester Corps, 51. J Ohl1 Ambulance Brigade, was held at S1. Martin's Church on Sunday afternoon, November 25th, I89+. A procession was formed in the market place, headed by the Corporation Gas Division Band, and comprising the following divisions :-Fire Brigade, under Superintendent Ely; Town, under Superintendent Green; Gas, Superintendent James; Melbourne Hall, Great Northern, Superin tendent Potter; Working Men's College, Superintendent J. L. King; St. Mary's, Superintendent L. Hall; Leicester Cyclists, Mr. Skeffington; Borough of Lei cester \Vorking Men's Club and Institute, lIon. Sec. S. Hassall; Glenfield Class and Midland Railway employes, with classes not affiliated, and unattached members bringing up the rear. Altogether there were about r50 members present, and they marched Lo the church via Horsefair Street and Greyfriars. The arrangements were admirably carried out by:vIr. F. H. Turner, hon. sec., and the procession was marshalled by Mr. J. H. Buckley, F.R.A.S., Chief Superintendent Leicester corps, assisted by Mr. J. Edwin Roper, C.E., Inspector of Material. The service at the church was attended by the Mayor (Ald. G. Green) President of the Centre, and members of the Corporation, and was fully choral. The fine old parish church was packed in every part. The Bishop of Peterborough was the preacher, and he took for his text, Philippians i, 9, "And this I pray that your love may abound yet more and more in knowledge and in all judgment." His Lordship first pointed out that there was no opposition between knowledge and love, although it was sometimes said there was. Knowledge and love going hand in hand, supplying one another's needs, was the true view of life, and the only possible view of life, that was worth having. Love gave a perpetual

AID.

impulse to life, and led them to seek the good of others, whilst knowledge, on the other hand, if left to itself might become cold and selfish-it wa~ not necessarily connected with practice, and did not necessanly lead to actIOn. Love gave the impul se, knowledge dug the channel; love gave a desire for something, knowledge alone could tell what it was well to do, and th en judgment directed the co ur se . There was no movement more promisina hecause th ere was none more . 0 SImple and straightforward and absolutely satisfactorily worked out than wa s the movement of the Sl. John Ambulance Association. It \\<1 5 foun ded upon love, and its desire was how to prevent human suffering, how they could render some aid to their fell ow creatures, and how to do something to alle\'iaLe their pain. ThaL fe eling wa s the noblest feelin g they could pos8ess as a community; it wa s th e grea t mark of civili sation. !hat was the surest mark of civili s..1.tiol1 - the respect of man as man1t exp~'essed the noblest fruits of civilis..1.tion. It was just tbat which wa s 111 their hearts tha t afternoon, and it was that whi ch in spired them to ta.ke the trouble they did. They knew good intentions were use less wI~h out knowl edge; they had see n that often eno ugh illustrated in such thmgs .a~ they particularly dealt in. lI e supposed most o f them were led to Jom t he Ambulance Association because in the case of an accident th~y had seen the helplessness of everybody sLan din g about, and the mischief th ey were led to do . fIelplessnessalways led to mischief. After the service the procession was reformed and marched back to the Market Place.

THE

DUKE

FIRST AID •

[December, 1894 .

OF CONNAUGHT OK HOSPITAL \VO RK.

ARMY

THE Duke of Con na ug ht has reported on the mobilisation of the field hospitals an d bearer companies at Aldershot during t he present year. H~ regards the experience gained as of great value, and consi de rs the expenment satisfactory. The medical stores and panniers should be .best kept at IVoo lwi ch, though there are advantages in the decentralisallon scheme, for whi ch the Principal M:edica l Officer cOI)tends. Field dressings, etc., should be stored at the stati ons. ,,\ s to the op inion of the ~earer company offi cers and the officers in charge of t \\ O fi eld ho spitals, that the strength of the companyand hospital is not suffic ient, the Duke thinks the med ical officers are in cl in ed to minimise the sen'ices of the regimental stretcher bearers, and leave them outof their calculation s. Pos~ibly this is because the regimental stretcher bearers were not so effic1ent at the mobilisation as might ha \'e been wished. Step!:', ho\\ ever, the Duke adds, ha\'e been taken to remedy defects in the training. II e sees no good reason for an in crease in the pe1'Soll7ul cf t he field hospit..1.1s, and agrees with the Prin cipal Medi cal Officer as to maintaininO" tht.: present num ber of regimental stretcher bearers, whom he regard~ as a yaluable auxiliary to the bearer com pa nies. The Duke doubts whether the suggestion to train the Army Service Cor ps in am bulance work is of practical value, and cannot agree that the Medica l Staff Corps should find its own transport.

-------- :0: -------NOTICE. This Journal will be published on or about the I5th of the month. Adverti sements (term s on application) and contribution s should be se nt in by the lot h at the'latest, but by the 8th to ensure insertion.

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS Will be pa id to the Representatives of the purchaser of FIRST AID in case of death a s provided below, by The Sickness and A ccident Assuranc e Association , Ltd. IIead Office : -2+, Y01{K PLACE, EDINBURGH. London Office :-64, :vIOORGATE STREET, LONDO r ,E .C. To whom notice of Claims under the fo llowin g con ditions must be sent WITHIN THREE DAYS. Applicable ~o Passenger Trains i n Gre at Britain & I reland. ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by the above In surance Com pan y to the Legal represenlatives of any person killed by an accident to the tra in in which the deceased was an orll in ary passenger, or wh o shall have been fatally injured thereby, should death result within q hours after such accident. Provided thal at the time of such accident the person so killed or fa tally injured was the owner of FIRST AID for the current month , containing this Coupon legibly signed with his or her usual signature in ink or pencil, both time and signature being of the essence of the contract.

£1 0D

Szgl!atul't ................................... .

....................... ,

.......................................................... .

Address ............................................................ ............. ......... ................ ............................... . This Insurance is l imited to one Coupon to each holder, and is not invalidated by any ln suran.ce with this.or any other Acc!d~nt, ComJ;>any. I t is subject to the ordmary cO~dlt.lOns of the Assoclal1on s Acc ldel~l Policies, and is in force from mldl1lght, 15th December, 1894, untIl midnight, r5th January , r 895 ·

l'rint.ed fOI" th" Pl'opnetol's by W. J. GOODll, !:l3,'Zler''{c lwell Roall, and published by ALAN PALMER and REED, D.t 11, Ludg~tLC .I:lill, KU.

JOURNAL

No. 7.--VOL. I.

DEVOTED

[Entered at Statioilers' Hal!. ]

AMBULANCE

PRICE ON E PE:'-: ;\Y.

JANUAR V, 1895 .

SPECIAL NOTICES. Registered T e legra phic Addr ess - "ARTERY, LONDON." Arrang eme nts have been made with Messrs. W. H . Smith & Son to have " First A Id" on sale at their bookstalls throughout the Kingdom. It may als o be obtained at Messrs. Willing ' s bookstalls.

j13re"t ties. IT may not b e generally known that the L ondon County Council has a Police Force of its OWll to take charge of the parks and open spaces . The members are being instru cted in first aid work, and haye for their officer Inspec tor Forsey, wh o is most enthusiastic in the cau e. H e has rece iyed permission t o be appointed H Oll . Sup erintend ent of the t. J ohn 4-\mbulance Brigade, and his m en are formed ill to a di \'ision ofthe Brigade. There is no doubt that these men will be of the greatest u se in the parks on Bank H olid ays, and at the specia l times wh en th e mas'es congregate th ere in large numb ers for cases requiring first aid assista nce are bound to arise. ' IT \Va m ost gratifying to h ea r th e cordial m anner in which Col. Smith of th e City police spo k e of th e i\Ietr opolitan Corps of th e St. J o b n Am bulance Briaade at the b Man ion H ou e the oth er clay. Th e Bri aade assi t the police, and th e police are ~'ery pleased b of the h e lp of the members of the Brigade, ta king as it does a areat deal of work off their hand. \V e hope that th e~e i~ the same feeling on the part of the M etropolitan police. By sO.me specia l rLll e~ made by th e authority of an A ct of ParlIament passed 111 AU b CTU ·t last and which came ' . ' mto operatlOl1 on th e first of this m onth, it is ordered that " At quarnes . W 1lere m ore t I1an 23 perso lls are e mpl oyed , ambulances or stretc hers with s?lint' or bandao'es shall be provided at cOlweniellt places ready for immediate u se in case of accident." WE are very pleased indeed to see that Parlia ment recognise the necessity of proyision being mad e for the purp?se of r end ring first aid in places wh ere accid ents are bkely to happen . fhi s is th e thill ed ae of th ewedCTc and it will be found in course of till~e that wh~r~ voluntary efforts are insufficie nt Parliament will step in and make the llecessary rules. \VI!. beg to ofrer our congratulations to Sir H erbert C . Perrott on his appointmen t as S ecretary to the Order of St. John. R egretting, as yve do, the retirem e n t of Mr. Easterbr~)ok, we think that this appointment is on e of the best that has ever been made for Sir H er ber t will bring his great experience to bear' on any question that may ari e, and under his care we may be certain that ambulance matters will not suffer. VVE have not seen any r eference to any first aid t h at was rendered in the dreadful railway accident at Chclford. Pel.-haps some of our correspondents in the L. & N . \V, ~all\Vay can give u s some particulars. The numb er !\.l~l ed (13) and. the large nu m ber of passengers Injured, make~ thIS one of the gr~atest railway accidents we hav e had 111 the pa t year. rh e amount of misery

W"ORK.

and suffering that such a calamity entails on the friends of the sufferers is awful to think of. The cause of the accident seems to come 111 the list of those called " unavoidable." :0:-------

ifir~t ~il)

in ~)1PllotiC ~ran ceo

By ]. C. Rou)!D, Ho)!. SURGEO)!, ST. JOH)! A:'1BL'LA:-':CE BRIGADE. IIERE. is a ~orm of .insensibility, whic~, as fa: ~s ~ know, is not . m el1tlOn~d IJ1 first aId manuals, unless IJ1deed, It IS Intended th, t It should be Illclud.ed under hysteria. It is "err desirable that one should knolY somethlllg about the hypnotic sla:e, which throuah the spread of a partial knowledge of" mesmerism " is becominO" too co~nmon and al"o because great harm may be done to persons il~ this state b): rough and ill-advised measures. The phenomell;]' of hypnosis were probably known in ancient times ' recently they have been recognised under the name of mesmerism' Brindism, ele.ctro-biology and animal-magnetism. Under the latte; names hypnotI sm has been <I: happy hu~ting ground for quacks, and has thus been brought 1I1to disrepute With the public \\'ho illoO"icaIly re~ards it at the same time as impossible, dangerous a'nd uncann}'. . rhe hypnotic state ma~ be best described as artificial sleep, suggestIOns and o~her means bemg used by the operator in order to induce that ~tate III the subject. During hypnosis the subject is partially conscIOUS, and sug~estions made t~ him by word or gesture, have vastly more weight than If these s u ~gestlOns ,:'ere made in his normal waking state. Thus the op~rator g:ams a cerLam moral control which may be l1sed for good or evd. ThiS control has been exaggerated in fiction, for although a subJect may be powerfully influenced, he can seldom be mduced to do tlungs contrary to his real inclinations. A kind of sy!npath~ is established between operator aI)d subject known as rapport, thiS may m some measure be due to telegraph y. Hypnosis "aries, wi Lh the temperament of the person operated on, and to some extent \\'ith the means employed in causing sleep from sliaht drowsiness to a state of insensibility in which pain may b~ inflictelwithout apparent effect; the limbs dropp1l1g as helplessly as if under the influence of chloroform. H ypn~sis is often ushered in by a deep respiration after which the breathmg and pulse are regular, th.e face slightly flushed and the er es turned up under partl~lIy closed hds. But these latter symptons and ~any others not mentIOned here, vary so much with the subject tha t It would be useless for the purpose of this article to detail them. The object of wri ting be in g to let li.rst-aiders know what to do or rather what not to do "'.hen some ill-advised and unskilled oper;:lOr Ius fOI' ere a~1usement 111duced hypnotic insensibility and is unable to awaken hl~ s~bJect. Let the operator do or say the re\'erse of what he did or said 111 order to 1l1duce hypnosis; he must likewise in a firm ,'oice bid the subject awake. Fanning the face and blo\\ ing on the eyes are often al~o useful measures. By reason of ~he r~pporf before mentioned, everythlllg depends on the opel'ator retamlllg hIS self-confidence. Bystanders must not mterfere bet\\ een operator and subject by using smelling salts or other remed lal agen ts, beca use, If the hypnotised person is a wakened sudden ly by any o.ther t?an the operator, bad after effects will probably ensue. If the subject stll1 does not awaken loosen tiant clothinO" at the neck and put him in a comfortable posiLion ; the ope~ator must ilien tell ~Im t.hat h.e \\'Ill walce up at a st,<~Led time. After ~!1is let the subject I ~mal11 qUle.t and treat hl~ With JudiCIOUS neglect, remembering thr,t pi ofound f01 ms of hypnOSIs ';lay often, tho~gh by no means necessarily, occur 111 h ):stencal persons. rl:ances occurnng at spiri tualist ic seances or afte! emotlOnalreiIglOlIs. teaching are J?robably also related to hypnosis. 1 he methods of 1l1d.uc1l1g thiS peculiar form of sleep are yarious, and ~1ee.d not be entered 111tO here, as the object of this article is not lO m Clle first-alders to try amateur hypnotic experiments, but rather to warn them of the dangers of s? doing, and .beg them to al ways discounte~1ance t~1~ same. The pra~tlce .of hypnotic suggestion should equally wlt.h .medlcl11e and surgery be 11l1l1ted to those who are qualified by traln1~g and experie.nc.e. Hypnotism may be compared to alcohol .used 111 proper cases It.IS of the greatest sen'icc, but abused it \I ill lead 111 the end to degradatIOn, both moral and physical, and c\'en in rare ~ases ~ay be employed for criminal purposes. There is also the Immediate danger of tbe subject oaettill<Y beyond the control of the operator and only ?~ in g awakened by I~edical aid and then too in a very unhappy conditIOn. The use of hypnotism lies in some cases of 111 so~1nJa, bad o.r Int~mperate habits, want of self confidence, neuralgia. etc .. , ItS abuse 111 expenments whele attempts are made to cause the subject to act In any way contrary to his betLt.:r judgment.

rr:

FIRST

AID.

[J anuary, 18 95.

jfirst Bib ·IRecorb. [Under this headilll{ are recorded all cases which come to our 1I0tice , in which First Aid rendrnd b" ..dmlmlanre pupils ltas bem 0/ valuable assistal/ce. lire asl< our readers to help us b), sending pm'lieulal's 0/ all such cases.! CHEU1SFORD.-On Tuesday the 8th inst., an ar.cident occurred at the Electrical Engineering \ Vorks of Messrs, Crompton & Co. An employe named Fewell got his left hand caught in the belt of a small pulley. Before the machinery could be stopped, the hand was run under the pulley and bent backwards to such an extent that every joint in the fingers was severely sprained, and the hand \\'as much bruised and cut. First aid was rendered by the securing of the hand on a well padded splint, which was done by hlr. \ V. P . \ Vhitehead, a member of the drawing office staff. The injured man was then taken to the Infirmary. CU.l{KENWELL.-Inspector Jackson of the No. 1. St. John's Gate Division reports the following t\\'o cases. On l\londay, January 7th, called with litter to \Voodbridge Street, Clerkenwell, where a man, while delivering coals, had slipped and broken his leg. At once put the leg in splints and conveyed the man to St. Bartholomew's HospitaL On January 8th called with litter to 9, Brunswick Place; found a man suffering from severe scalp wound with great hremorrhage; applied pad and bandage, and then conveyed man to St. Bartholomew's HospitaL FINSBURY.-On the 4th January a carman fell off his cart and broke his right leg. The fracture was fixed up by Messrs. Liddell and Holmes, members of the st. John Ambulance Brigade, and the patient com'eyed by the police to the hospital on a litter, where it was found that both the bones were brolcen. HO~lERTON.-On 19th Tovember,l\1r. Jennings, first officer of the Eton ~1ission Brigade, saw an accident by which a boy received a fractured thigh . IIe immediately secured the limb with splints and bandages, and by means of a horse and cart conveyed the patient to the German HospitaL KETTERING.-We hear that a boy fell off a wall on the 26th December, and the man who found him was unable to render first aid, so carried him 1500 yards with his leg swinging. Bya merciful interposition of Providence the fracture was not made compound. On the other hand we note that Dr. Dryland testified to the great sk ill displayed by the local ambulance men in removing a case of suicide on a wheeled litter. We know that there are many good first-aiders in the neigh bourhood. NORTHA~IPTON.-On December 15th a man met with a serious accident while working at the ironstone works, near Corby. and 5ustained a compound fracture of the left leg. He was sent on by train to ~orthampton, where he was promptly met by a transport party under Transport Sergeant Beale, and carefully removed to the infirmary. On the 27th December the Transport Service undertook the r emoval of a case of attempted suicide from East Haddon, a village 8 miles from Northampton, at the request of the county police. On January 8th Staff-Sergeant Reeves, with Mr. Gordon, of the ~ . B . C . Division, proceeded at 3 p.m . to the village of Litchborough, to remove Notwithstanding the bad a patient to 1 orthampton (20 miles). and slippery condition of the roads the case was completed in less than four hours. The temperature of the ambulance wagon was well maintained, though with difficulty, owing to the intense cold. Both officers were complimented by t he House Surgeon for the prompt and careful way in which they had removed a most serious case. On January 1st the members of the corps assembled at the out-patient building of the Northampton I nfirmary for the first ordinary drill for the T ew Year. After roll Icall and a short drill Su pt. Trenery (the officer in charge) marched all present to the L. Hon. Director's house, where, over a little light refreshment, interspersed with songs, recitations, and conversatiol1'l.1 remin iscences of ambulance experience, each 'wished the other a happy and prosperous i\' ew Year, and drank to the success of the old corps. The loyal toasts having been responded to, a quiet but happy evening was brought to a close. STANWAY.-A labourer named Robert George was kil\ed on \Vednesda y by a fall of earth at Stanway Ballast pits. Josiah Lewis, guard of the ballast train, endeavoured to resuscitate the man by artificial respiration it being thought at first that he was suffering from suffocation but it wa~ subsequently discovered that he had succumbed to seve;e internal injuries. At the inquest two days later, a verdict of accidental death was returned. WlcLLINGBORuUGH. - December 10th, E. Maylin of Furnace Street \ Vellingborough, got his fingers crushed in a mangle first aid wa~ efficiently rendered by Private Alfred Garratt, who took' the patient to Dr.Watson. Private Garratt is the only member of the corps at Praed's 13rewery, and has on many occasions rendered valuable service when accidents have happened in the brewery and in the mineral water manufactory connected with the brewery. On December 15th John Taylor drayman, Midland. Rai.lway, was. carrying a heavy bag' of sugar and fell and fractured hiS thIgh, first aid was rendered by Supt. l\'icholson Cyclist Smeathers and Private Francis. Dr. Jones saw tbe patient and complimented the men on the way they had treated the case. The p:1tient was immeu!ately taken on to the l\'orthampton Infirmary.

&'ire lSrigabe jJiote~. J'I'1 EMBERS of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade were successful ill passing the recent examination held at 'Vi nchester House, in connection with the St. J ohn Ambulance As ociatiol1. This is as it should be! CnLil a properly organised ambu lance service is established in London, our firemen when engaged in their hazardous duties at large or small fires must be instructed to look after their own and their comrades' lives and limbs. THE firemen who visited Vienna and the other large continental cities laot summer, are loud in their praises of the late Baron Dr. ~1undy'swork. I t occurs to me that one of the eminent doctor's lieutenants carrie to England and tried to introduce the system here, but he was hardly the man of the hour. We have plenty of our own. ",Vhy then do not they take steps to move the local bodies to joint action in this matter. \ Ve hm'e now newly elected vestries in all parts of London; nell' brooms sweep clean, is an old but very good proverb. so now is our time to rouse the newly elected to action, One thing London" firstaiders" should bear in mind-the members of the London County Council will be seeking re-election in larch next; well, don't vote for any candidate who will not pledge himself to an efficient fire brigade and thorough ambulance system . A member of the present Council recently described the members of the fire service as the spoiled chi Idren of the L.C.C., but surely, protection of life and limb is equally as worthy a consideration as the pet child of the select fe\\', yiz., the eight haUl'S bill and municipal workshops. A CORRESPONDENT of our valued contemporary Fire and rVaiel', who recently visited the Union Workhouse at Tunbridge \Vells, speaks in warm praise of the fire arrangements made with the appro·ral of the Board of Guardians. Enquiring as to the work of the members of the brigade he was informed that six months ago none of the men h:1d the slightest idea of fire brigade work. In order to prove how efficient they had become, a "turn out" was made for the purposes of showing their skill and smartness. In less than two minutes five or six firemen in uniform, cap, tunic, belt, axe, &c., were standing at the side of a manual engine ready for any emergency. The members of the brigade consist of the resident engineer, who is an ex-soldier, three attendants, and several able -bodied inmates. Each member is in possession of the badO'e of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and this is highly prized. :fhis is certainly a hint for newly elected Board of Guardians. Give your inmates some other recreation besides that of oakum picking or stone breaking; form a class for instruction in fire extinction, another for first aid instruction under the St. John Ambulance Association, &c. You will find such a course of treatment will tend to raise the self-respect of many of your inmates, and in times of emergency they \\'ould prove valuable aids to your permanent staff.

------:0: ------Volunteer Jjlflebical ~tatf ~orp~.

H E band and buglers of the London compan ies held their seconu smoking concert of the season on Saturday, December 15th, at the Victoria Mansions Restaurant. Bugler-Major Fred H. Poole was in the chair, and Sergeant-Bugler W. Forri ngton in the vice-chair. The contributors to the entertainment programme were Mr. Fred Sidery, pianist; Mr. Dave 'Welling, who sang" Jack Crawford" and "Seeing Life," and followed by reciting" Kissing Cup's Race." Mr. John Jessop and Miss Ada Templeton gave, respectively, three and four songs, the former giving, " Mad~ in England," "Life at the East End," and" Playmates and School Days," and the latter, " I don't care," "The Prettiest Girl in Town," "The Girl said Yes," and "December and May," Another lady, Miss Mercy Templeton, played pianoforte solos, wh ile Mr. Will Eley sang, "I'm one of the J ays," and "Linger Longer L oo," and Mr. Fred Elliott, "Let me Dream of Happier Days gone by," and "Sunshine Above." The other artistes included Sergeant Forrington, with "Jack the Dandy "; Bugler Alldiss, "You should have seen them go"; Bugler Paul, "Tableaux Vivants" and" La didly idly." The chairman, 13ugle-~1aj or Poole, sang the last song of the evening, entitled" The Bugler." The singing of the Tational Anthem brought a very enjoyable evening to a close. FIRST FIRST Am.-With reference to a paragraph under this heading in our November number on impurities in water, we have been further asked to give the readiest means to purify water when charged with organic matter. The answer is to boil and then filter.

January . . ('895 ·J

FIRST St. 30bn Bnlbulance ij5sociation.

NOTICE is hereby g i ven of the followi ng changes to take effect frorn the 1st January, 1895 . I.-Carriage or postage will be paid by the Association on all stores of the value of 105. or upwards forwarded from the head office to any part of the United Kingdom. 2.-The issue of vellum certificates will, for the nursing examination, be discon· tinued, and a cream coloured card Certificate will be issued in place thereof. Nursing classes wishing to receive certificates on vellum in lieu of on card, can obtain them by paying the extra charge mentioned below. 3.-The charge for incidental expenses to Detached Classes both first aid and nursing will be the same as have hitherto been made in respect of first aid classes, except when vellum certificates may have been issued, in which case an additional charge will be made at the discretion of the Chief Secretary, in no case less than two guineas.-By Order, Sandhurst, Director of the Ambulance Department, and Chairman of Committee. Herbert C. Perrott, Chief Secretary. BIRMINGHAM.-A ICompetition by the different divisions of the Birmingham Corps for a sterling silver challenge shield was held in the Alb letic rnstitute, John Bright Street, Birmingham, on Monday evening, 17th Decem ber. Surgeon. Captain R. R. Sleman, 20th Middlesex (Artists) R.V., officiated as judge. The case was supposed to be a compound fracture of the the right leg with arterial bleeding; each squad hau to place the man on an improvised stretcher, carry him across a ditch, then to the end of the hall, which was supposed to be the top of the hill and back again to the original starting point. The shield is of most handsome design a nd was executed hy Messrs. Elkington and Co., al a ro~t of £50. BRECO:-< -Shortly after the resulLs of the examination were made known, a meeting was held, alld it lias decided to form an ambulance corps at Rrecon. This was done, and the corps was divided into two companies, and officers appointed. [t was arranged to meet for practice, &c., on the morning of the first unday in every month. At the conclusion of the December meeting, ;\[1'. Powell, L.R.C.P., by request, attended to be presented with a handsome marble timepiece in recognition of his gratuitous instructions. After a few introductory remarks by the President, i\[r. A. J. Slade, mentioning the spontaneous origin of the testimonial, the assistance given, and good will shown by railImy men outside the corps, and alluding to the success of the exarnination, which he hoped they would be prepared to repeat, the presentation \\'as made hy the \'ice-president, '\[r. J. Barrow, with brief remarks. Dr. Powell, in accepting and returning thanks, said the presentation had come upon him quite as a surprise, that he himself had deri\'ed great benefit from gil'ing the lectures, and that the mornings he had spent in that way had been a great pleasure to him. BRISTOL EAST CENTRE.-On Dec. 19, 189-1-, an Ambulance Demonstration was O'iven by the Broad Plain House Corps at the Broad Plain HOLlse, Dr. Leonard in the chair. The first demonstration was a drill showing the way to form the 3 different seats for carrying disabled persons, and the different methods of bandaging, for stopping bleeding, and also of bandaging the various fractures. A practical case of burning and its treatment was then shown. Dr. Leonard fully explained to the audience what the cases were, and how they were to be treated. After the demonstration the late secretary, lUI'. C. E. Beavis, was presented with two beautifully bound and instructive works on ambulance tog.ether with an illuminated address as a token of the good work which he has done for the corps. Mr. Beavis, in reply, sa.id he did not know how to thank his fellow members for their kindness, and he regretted his inability to remain as their secretary, which was owing as they all knew, to the long distance from them and other home ties. BRYANSTON WORKING MEN'S CLUB AND INSTITUTE LrSSON GROVE.-A very satisfactory first aid class has just terminated at the above club, 22 members took part in the examination and all satisfied the examiner, Dr. Barter-9 members take first certificates, 7 members take second certificates, 6 members take medallions Lecturer, Henry Percy Potter, Esq., F .R.C.S. FARNHAM.-\Ve regret to announce the loss of a vice-president of thiS centre, by .t he d.eath of Admiral Sir Thomas Brandreth, KC.B., I~ho d~ed at hiS reSIdence FIr Grove, on Monday, Dec. loth. The CommIttee have deCIded to present two arm badges to each of the ~lembers of the police force or railway porters or postmen who obta m the ir certifIcates in first aid at this centre. All the policem~n in the surrounding villages have obtained certificates, either here or at the ~lasses for the county police at Guildford, and all but two of the force 111 the town, one of whom is attending a course at the present time. GATESHEAD FELL.-The inaugural meeting of this class was held in the Church Institute Low Fell on 30th November, Mr. Ald. Lucas, J.P. (Ill the .absence o~ the Mayor of Gateshead) presiding, when Mr. \Vaynman Dixon of Middlesboro' addressed a large and appreciative audience on " ambulance work and its uses." Mr. Dixon's address was illustrated by i\1essrs. Auld, Collingwood, Forster, Leadston, and Harrison, members of the Gateshead Fell ~orps under the command of Mr. L. Dobinson, han. secretary. The meetmg was subsequently addressed by Dr. Davis the ~edica l in structor, the Rev. J. W . Hooper, and Mr. J. Adolphus Hamson, and the usual yotes of thanks closed the proceedings. On

AID. Friday, 7th inst., a strong class faced the instructor at the parish room, kindly granted for the purpose by the Vicar, and there is every prospect of a successful season. There is, at Gateshead Fell, a strong desire evinced for a ladies' class, similar to that which was carried out three years ago under the secretaryship of Mrs. Ralph Thompson of W oodside. GRIMsBv.-On Friday night, 4th inst., the annual tea, concert and ball, presentation of certificates and medallions, in connection with the Grimsby Railway M:en's Corps of the St. John Ambulance Association, was held at the Town Hall and proved a great success. The tea was well attended, and after this came the presentation. The chair was taken at eight o'clock by the President of the Grimsby Divi 5ion (;VIr. T. M. 'Villiams, the Port Master), who referred in suitaule terms to the Association, its objects, and the splendid service which its members were enabled by the training they received to render. The certificates and medallions were then presented by Mrs. Sedden. During the evening illustrations of bandaging in the following cases were given by members of the corps: - Fracture of collar bone, wound of brachial artery, wound of temporal artery, arterial bleeding of palm of hand, wound of scalp, wound of chest. Realistic illustrations of a case of fractured thigh with treatment and stretcher drill. Treatment of a case of drowning, showing the application of Dr. Sylvester's method of applying artificial respiration. Ips\\'TCH CENTRE.-Exarninations were conducted in December, by Brigade-Surgeon Lieut-Col. i\Ic;\Talty, for first aid and nursing certificates, vouchers and medallions. Eighty-one pupils presented themselves for examination, and only 8 failed; five more of the Borough police have passed. Two more examinations are arranged for this month and six classes will be started, so the Iyork goes on steadily. One of the examin ees, before he had passed, was able to render first-aid in the case of a scalp wound from a falling boarcl in the great gale of the ~2nd, and he lias complimented by the medical man on his neat bandaging. NORTHA~lPTO)1.-A course of lectures in Nursing and Hygiene has recently been delivered by Dr. A. II. Jones, to the officers and men of the Northampton Corps. The examination was held on December 10th by Surgeon-~Iajor Hutton, when 20 candidates presented themselves, and 16 passed and are now qualified to act as hospital orderlies, a certifiC<'lte on vellum being awarded to each by the Association. A illen's First Aid Class, held at the Infirmary, and instructed by Mr. Cropley, was examined by Surgeon-Major Hutton on December loth; 21 candidates were examined and 20 passed. On December lIth, Surgeon~rajor Hutton examined a. men's first aid class at Paulerspury, instructed hy Dr. Linnell; 18 examined, all passed. A men's first aid class, held at Old Duston, instructed by Dr. R. Greene, was examined on December 12th; 28 examineu, and 27 passed. A men's first aid class, held at Kingsthorpe, and instructed by Dr. Kennedy, of Northampton, was examined on December 12th; 19 candidates, all passed. POLYTJ<:CHNTC, REGENT STREET.-A course of first aid lectures is to be commenced on the 21st inst., by Andrew Clarke, Esq. READING.-Mrs. Chard, one of St. John's nursing sisters, now residing in Reading, has been instructing a class on nursing in connection with the Cacey Young Peoples' Society of Christian Endeavour. A bandaging competition for clinical thermometor took place on \Vednesday January 2nd; Sergeant Salt of the Volunteer Ambulance kindlyactinO' as j udicator. ." TOYNBEE IIALL.-A lecture is to be given on the 19th inst., by Brigadier-Surgeon Lieut-Col. Evatt, ~I.D., on "Aid to the wounded III war." WEST BRoMwrCH.-On Saturday evening, January 5lh,Dr. Edgenton Birmingham, examined the members of the police ambulance clas~ in connection with the '.Vest Bromwich cen tre of the St. John Ambulance Association, the lecturer being Dr. H. Manley, '.Vest Bromwich. Twenty-four police constables sat for first re-examination, and two for second. \Ve understand that it was the fifth exa.mination which has been held in the centre this winter. ~

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1b\?giene.

NDER the s])ecial patronage of tl?e Duchess of Albany, Dr. Schofield debvered the first of a senes of holiday science lectures at Portman Rooms, Baker Street, given at the request of the National Health Society, of ':'hich the. Duke of Westminster is president. The discourses are. partlcu~arly d:rected to young people, in the hope of awakenlllg an mlerestln hygIene by presenting some of the wonders of t~e ~~dy in a novel, entertaining? and instructive way, free from techmcailtles and needless detalls. EIght or nine years ago, Dr. Schofield endeavoured to promote the teaching of hyO'iene by brinO'inO' it under the noti.ce of Universities and. various. puhlic schools. Re~ently the auth~fltI~s at Oxford h"ve deCIded to IIlclude the subject in the local exam1l1atlOns for June next, but only as an experiment, which may not be repealed unless a good number of suitably trained candidates come forward on the firGt occasion. To prel'ent such an undesirable end the Society has cO~1municated wit~ e~ery school in England, asking them to prepare p~pds for the eXamll1atlOns. The desire has been expressed that the s~bJ~ct should become compul~ory instead of optional, and Dr. Schofield l!1s1sted that personal d.om.estlc hy.giene ought to form part of the educatlOn of every boy and gll-l III the klngdom.-.Dai{y limgl'aph.

FIRST

AID .

[J anuary, 1895 .

FIR S T

January, 18 95.J

AID .

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TO OUR READERS. As it is our most earnest wi sh and desire to make this J ourna! as attractive as possible, we beg correspondents in all parts of the country to giye it all the help they can. lYe hope the Superintendents of Corps and Orficers of Diyisions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and Officers of the "olunteer j\[edica.l Staff Corps, and the Volunteer Ambulance School of In struction, will do their best to make it known amcr:gst their respecti\'e corps, and also will send for publication their official news.

TER IS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR 12 months, IS. 6d, post free, to be sent to "The Publisher ," Alan Palmer & Reed, 11, Ludgate Hill, London, E.c. TELEGR APHTC AnDRESs-" ARTERY, LONDON ."

FIRST AID 15 YAXUARY, 1895.

THE end of one year and rhe commencement of another is especially the time when the events A;-;V of the one are re\'iewed, and re olutions made 18 95. for impro\'ing one's position in the other. In accordance with this custom, although there is not any very important event to chronicle for 1894, we can congratulate ourseh'es and all First-aider on the progress that am bulance work has made in the past year. 'Ve find that the St. John Ambulance Association has given out 30,000 certificates and medallions, which means that a large additional number of people have acquired a knowledge of first aid. This journal also fir t saw light in the past year, and we are pleased to say that with the increase in its circulation its inft uence is being felt in many quarters, and that it has supplied, and is supplying, a recognised 'w ant, from which we feel justified in concluding that the programme we sketched out for ourseh'es is being appreciated by our readers. K ursing divisions are being established,enabling the poor to have the benefits of trained nurses at their own homesa boon which only those who work amongst the poor can understand the value of. vVe note that the Railway Companies are de\'oting more attention to ambulance matters, that more classes ha\'e been formed, and more men have received certificates than in previous years. Some of the larger companies are, Ive hope, going ahead, and there are rumours of classes being about to be held amongst the employes of the companies on the south of the Thame . ,Ve have had railway accidents, notably N orthallerton and Chelford, at the former of which a certain amount of first aid was rendered, we are pleased to record, by some sen'ants of the company who hold first aid certificates. The police authorities, too, are becoming aliye to the necessity of ha \"ing their men instructed in the rudiments of first aid, and the past year has seen a considerable impro':'e ment in this respect. The London County Councll has apprO\'ed of the police force under its control being instructed i~1 ambulance work, and a divisi<:ll1 has been formed enabling the men to be thoroughly drIlled. Some changes ha\'e taken place in the Order of St. Joho. Lord ~\mherst of Hackney has retired from the post of Secrctary-General to the Order, Captain Sir Alfred Jephson, RN., being appointed in his place. We sincerely hope that his lordship wjJl still continue to take that great interest in the moYement which he has hitherto shown. Dr. Edwin Freshfield has been appointed Receiver-General, at which all first-aiders will be plea~ eJ, kno\Ving h ow enthu iastic be is aod Sir Herbert C. Perrott, in addition to being Chief 'Secretary to the St. John Ambulance Association has been made Secret.ary t.o . the Or.der, an ~ppointment at which every one w111 reJOIce, feelll1g certall1 that he will do everything ISS4

possible to further the interests of the cause. Mr. Easrerbrook's retirement from the post will be regretted by all those who were brought into contact with l1im and knew his business-like qualit ies. ' Ve have to reO'ret the death of Sir Edmund L ec:hmere, whose career is sketched in another column. ' Vhat will [895 do for the cau e? Let everyone do his or her be t to spread the knowledge far and wide, and to use whate\Ter inftuen::::e one may have towards inducing the yarious authorities to give instruction to all those who desire it . , l\! e hope to see this year a great and decided improyement in railway ambulance work. Everyone seems agreed on the fact that something more is needed, and the way to carry it out i to bring some pressure to bear on the companies. ' Ve hope, also, that the police will do more than they hitherto haYl! done, including the extinction of the dreadtul ram-shackle iron-tyred litters that are seen in our ~treets. \Ve also anticipate that before the end of the year sometlling will be don e towards providing a well-regulated ambulance sen'ice j or London. It has been talked about for a long time, and a scheme has been promised, 0 we \'enture to hope that the Order of St. John, whi ch is the chief a'llbulance authority in the country, will take t: ,e matter in haml, and with the ad\'ice of other experts formulate a schem0 worthy of the first city of the world. This, of it:sel f, if carried out, will make 1895 a memorable year in the annals of the ambulance mo\'e ment. On addres ing our readers for the first time in this year, we heartily wish them every happiness, hoping that they may successfully o\'ercome what eyer tri;lls and troubles mety come across their path. -------- :0 : --------

JIn J/tn emoriam. SUDDEN DEATH OF SIR ED~IU;\D A. II. LECBMERE, BART., LP. T is with deep regret that we have to announce the death of Sir I\Yorcestersh _ Edmund Lechmere, Bart., for the Evesham Divi sion of ire, ""hich occurred sudden ly at Pershore on Decem ber 1.P.

18th , 1894-. lIe was about to addre3s hi s constituents in the Illusic hall and was apparently in the best of health. Ju st before enteri ng the hall he was talking to one of his supporters, when he was seen to fall against the table. To enquirie3 as to whether h e was ill he replied, "I am all right." But these were the la st words he spoke as he expired almost imm ediately. Death was due to apoplexy. Earl COI'entry, who was to have presided, announced th e sa d news to the meeting which quietly dispersed. The fun era l took place on 'aturday a ftern oon in 1he churchyard of Hanl ey Castle, Canon Teignmouth Shore, Chaplain of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem assisted by Canon the lIon. II. H. Doug:as, the Rev. E. ,V. Isaac, the Vicar, and other clergy officiating. The mourners included the four sons and a daughter of the deceased, the Earl of COI'entry, Lord Lifford, the H a n. Reginald Coventry; Mr. Ihldwin, ;\I.P. ;;\Ir. Gordon, ;\I.P.; Mr. Dyson, ;\l.P. j the lIon. R. All sopp j Sir John Hawkin s j the Rev. ,V. Chafy-Chafy j Captain Grice Hutchison, and many representative clergy and laiLy; the .\Iayors of Worcester and Tewkes. bury, Freemasons, and the foll ow ing memhers of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem: Sir Alfred J ephson, R.N., Secretary General (representing the Prince of Wales), Sir Brook Kay, ~ir lJerbert Perrott, Mr. John Furley, the Rev. C . .1. Martyn, and the ReI'. T. VV. Wood, Chaplains of the O rder. The Chu1·c!t RC1Iil'w says, II The latter, in the course of a fe eling sermo n on un day night at St. John 's, Clerkenwell, referred to Sir E Illlu Id's connection with the parish. He sajd that when the deceased \·, ,1-; a boy at the Charterhouse he gave out of his pocket money to restore the St. John 's Gate, of which he was subsequently the purc'laser; that he purchased the living from the Lord Chancellor in order to allgment it; that he was a regular attendant at the church when in London, reading the Lessons in cassock and surpl ice, and working as a licensed lay reader in the parish . IIe worked harder than any man he (the preacher) knell'. Yet this devoted Churchman and consistent Member of Parliament was not thought worthy by any daily paper of any obituary notice beyond the offices he held! "

@ur ~ortrait <BalIer\? THE LATE SIR Em"IUND A. H. LECHMERE, BART, M.A., M.P., &c. HOSE of our readers who had the pleasure of knowing Sir Edmund Lechmcre must have been profoundly shocked on learning of his almost tragic death, Few men had made so large a circle of friends, and he will be deeply regretted not only in the land of his birth,butin many other parts where his gf'nerous sympathy for sickness and suffering had endeared him to those \\'ith whom he had come into contact. Sir Edmund was born on the bth December, 1826, and was FR"" 1"110'1'1'1)\ .1. Hl·,"U' & "","s. J7, H'KE" f-\rJ<EET. W . educated first at the Charterhouse School, and su bsequently at Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated in 18+9. At the time of hi death he was the enio r partner in the vVorcester Old Bank, and had the honour of representing the E,'csham Divisio n of his county in the House of Commons. During the course of his career Sir Edmund has led an active life, and the loved ones that he has left behind can be assured in this, their dark hour of trial, that tIle many hearts that have gone out to them in sympathy will al way remember how great a portion of his little lei ure was devoted to generous kindly office for tbe benefit of his fellows, irrespecti \'c of race or creed, and to day the Mahomedan in Jerusalem-the descendant of the old enemy of the Knights of St. John- will join hands with the Christians 111 our own land in silent grief oYer the gra\"e of as true a knight as ever wore the cross. In Parliament Sir Edmund's voice was not often heard, but although not all eloquent he was an earnest and convillcing speaker. In conjunction with the late Col. Duncan and 1\1r. John Furley he was one of the founders of the St . John Ambulance Association, and in its early days devoted both time and money to its furtherance, and both the A ssociation and the St. John Ambulance Brigade have lost in him a warm friend and an enthusiastic supporter. The British Ophthalmic Hospital at Jerusalem was also fOLlnded mainly by the efforts of h imself and Lady Lechmere, and at the time of his death he was the Chairman of the Committee. In recognition of Sir Edmund's earnest effort' on behalf of the sufferers fJ om ophthalmia in the Holy Land, H.LM. the Sultan of Turkey conferred upon him the Order of the Medjidie. Sir Edmund was essentially a county man and an earnest supporter of many societies, and other bodies in Worcestershire; among others we may mention the Architectural and Arch~ological Society and thL! 'V orceste rshire Historical Society, He was also Provincial Grand Master of the Province of ' Vorcestershire, and

took a warm and active interest in Freemasonry. As a landlord Sir Edmund might well be imitated by other large landowners; both he and Lady Lechmere always took the keenest interest in anything tending to the welfare and benefit of those who lived on their estates, constantly visiting their poorer neighbours, in order that they might personally ascertdin their wants, in order the better to assist them. Did space but permit much more could be written concerning Sir Edmund, that would be of interest to our readers; that he will be deeply missed is certain, for the world at large, and the work he lo\'ed so well, will be the poorer by his death. May the recollection of his genial kindly nature in pire all first-aider to emulate in howeyer humble a way hi ' loye for suffering humanity. -------- :0: --------

1Rotes By "TOURXIQUET." I llA YE great pleasure in wishing all m)' readers a most happ)' and prosperolls X ew Year, especially those corresjJondents who haye sent me good wishes and hal'e prophesied every success for this Journal. 'K- ,';' ';,y..

O:-.lE l\Tites :-" Dear Tourniquet.-That you may neyer want a tourniquet is the best wish I can gi\'e you for the Xel\' Year." I am very much obliged, and in return may r hope that you are able to apply one effecti\'ely. -!(.

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THE Commissioner of the Ci~~ Police, Col. Smith, is a great favourite with lhe men and officers of the }letropolitan Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade, who ha\'e always found him ready to recogni,e their yoluntary work, and to assist them in arrangmg their stations on occasion s of public demonstrations. *-,y. 'J:' AT the presentation of .\Iedallions and Certificates the other dar at the .\Iansion House, Col. Smith took the opportunity of publicly mentioning the harmony that existed between the Brigade and Police Force. .;,<

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BRAYO! Colonel; that's how i.~ should be. '.' ,y. -!(.

I SE E that Lhe "Chief" of the :\letropolitan Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade has issued orders to the superintendents of his divisions to send in particulars of drills, &c., so that they ca n be published in this paper. This is as it should be. If the St. J. ,\. B. is anxious to increase its numbers and infl uence, publication of all particulars concerning it is one of the best methods. "it-

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" THE CHIEF" takes the "ice-chair at the smoking concert arranged for the benefit of ;)[r. Benton, late of the Salyage Corps. This latter gentleman, so the ticket informs me, has sen ed his country II'ell in more wars than one, having been in the Royal ~avr, the :\Ietropolitan Fire Brigade, and in more recent rears the London Sall'age Corps. Owing to a serious malady he is noll' incapacitated from further work, and lIon. Dental-Surgeon Albert is raising a fund in order to mark the appreciation in which ;\1 r. Benton is held, not only by his countrymen at large, but by the citizens of London more particularly. I hope that his benefit will be a bumper. -J,.'

~.'

IT is a very easy thing to turn an ambulance matter into ridicule, and no one enjoys a joke on the subject more than I do, but is it not time that the old yarn about the ambulance young lady who fixed up the wrong 1i m b should be dropped? I ha ye seen it under a good rna n y guises,-iastmonth it appeared in the Skelch, and this II-eek the Rm/u>a)' Herald has got hold of it. 1 doubt very much whether there ic any truth in the story, for I can hanEy imagine anybody bandaging a sound limb in mistake for the fractured one, although people, when they lose their head or get" nervous," do peculiar things. -J,.< "K, ~\!,

EXAMINER: "'Vhat would rou do for your friend if you found him suffering from opium poi son?" Examinee (promptly and decisively) : "Give him an 'anecdote,' sir to make him sick." "i(.

70..~

I THINK that is very good. If that gentleman will tell me an anecdote that will act as an emetic, I will do my best to get him a special certificate; in fact, I'll make one myself. \ 'ery usefullo fill up an awkward interval at a. lecture. ~~

,y.

,'{-

I HI~AR that some of my friends in Lan cashi re are doing some good work. Can they not manage to send some particulars, so that we in London may know something more about them?

FIRST AI D.

st. 30bn Bmbulance :fBriga~e. METROPOLITA T

CORPS.

O~ the qth of December last, a meeting of railway

men was held at Torwood (at the Low Level Station), in a room kindly placed at their disposal by ?lIr Ruffle. The secretary of the N orwood c~ntre (:\Ir. Colegrave) kindly attended and expressed great satlsfactlon at the way in "'hich the stretcher drill, bandaging, &c., was gone through. iVe understand that it is due to the voluntary and untiring efforts of Supt. Goodwin of the NO.1 St. John's Gate Division, that this class is so well up in ambulance work. A special vote o[ thanks was accorded hlm on the occasion. PROVINCIAL CORPS. BIR~1TNGHAM.-The usual monthly meeting of the Committee of this corps was held at the chief fire station on Monday, January 7th, :\1r. A. R. Tozer, vice-chairman, presiding. A letter of apology for non-attendance (owing to indisposition) was read from the chairman, Alderman Ed\\"ard~. Sixty cases in whi ch first aid had been rendered during t he past month were reported from four divisions. COL::·m.-The examination of the members who have attended the courses of lectures gi\'en by their in tructor, Dr. Dickey, took place. in their rooms on Saturday night, December nnd. Surgeon-!}IaJor Hutt on was the examiner. T"enty-four ladies and thirty-seven men presented themselves for examination. At the close .of th e examination :\faj or llulton rose to say a few words of congralulatlOn and en.courag.emen t to the candidates. He expressed the pleasure he felt 111 ag,Llll comin a to Colne for the purposes of putting them through their drill, and h; referred to the time when he first I'isited Colne five or six years aao in a lery sma ll room in another part of the town. He congratula~ed the corps on their presem station which has been made very comfortable, &c., and abo on their new addiLion of their Horse Ambulance Carriage, \\hereby patients might be removed more quickly and comfortably to the Burnley Hospital, a distance of five mi les. He further uro-ed upon them the necessity of all ambulance men to keep up \Ii th regular practices, and by so doing it 1I'0uid be the means of keeping up thei r efficiency. "X 0 man," said he, "can be a skilled mechan ic or a skilled soldier without practice, r.either can anyone be skilled in ambulance 1I'0rK wi thout practice. The bandaging in the examination has been extremely well done, and I am sure I shall be able to make a good report of the manner in whi ch you have all aone through the examination." IIe also made mention of the great loss the Order of St. John and the St. John Ambulance Association had sustained only this week in the very sudden death of one who has fulfilled the office of Chancellor of the Order for many years-Sir Edmund Lechmere, Bt., .\l.P. He \vas seized with illness whilst addressing a political meeting, and died in about one minute. A fortnight ago I was on a visit to his country house, and he then appeared in the best of health. Sir Edmund was one of the warmest supporters of our ambulance work, and hi s well-known for m and kindness of heart ,to all will be missed by e\'ery one \\ho knell' him. EAST\\'OOD CORPS -Th is Corps was started in July last, and consists of 38 members who have met for ambulance work and drill twice a month, since iLs formation. On Saturday, Jan. 5th, the fir st annual meetin a was held in the British Schools. The proceedings commenced with d~'ill, under the superintendence of Sergt. Pilbeam, la te of the 6th Draaoons who has occupied the post of drill sergeant from the commen~~men~ of the corps. The report was read and unanimously ao-reed to. On the election of Officers for the comi ng year, i'lIr. E. Lindle~' wa s re-elected Superintendent; ?h. \V. D. II odgkinson, Assistant; Mr. D. Horspool, Secretary and 1I1r. A. iVyld, lIon. Sec., with a committee of 8 mem bers. I t was decided to meet once a [ortn igh t for dri II and ambulance practice. Mr. Lindley expressed his willingness LO provide a course of ambulance lectlll es, and also a sLretcher for the corps, for which he wa s enthusiastically cheered. HI·LL. -1\10 interesting papers \\'er~ read hy .\[essrs. J . Caye and J. J. \Yin sor, on Tuesday, at a meeting of the above corps. Mr. Win sor dealt with accidents occurring, ami hOI\' they are treated, during ship building. LO:\G EATO:\.-On Sunday afternoon at a meeting of the several ambulance detachmenL divisions in the fire station iL was decided to form a deLachmenL [or Long Eaton. i\ commiLtee was appointed to make the necessary arrap.gements with seleral of the officers from each of the di risions alread y in existence. '\Ir. W. Thorpe presided. - - - :0 : - - \i'E learn LhaL a marriage has been arranged between the popular Chief Secretary of the S1. John Ambulance Association (Col. Sir Herbert C. Perrott, Bart.) and '\fi ss Constance Fletcher, only daughter of the late Francis Charteris Fletcher, Esq. iVe are sure that all firstaiders will unite \\'ith us in wishing Sir IIerben and his future bride e\'ery happiness. 'VITH reference to the value of first aid to trainers and jockeys, our contemporary the" Sportmg Cll1ollide" says :-" It can hardly be said Lhat the good people of ~ ell'market move with the times, as they are only now thinking of forming an ambulance class. Looking at the number of accidents on the Heath in a year, one would naturally have thought that the St. John Ambulance Association would have had a branch at the headquarters of the turf long ago."

[January, 189 5.

1Railwa\? Bnlbulance. DARLINGTON.-NoRTH EASTERN RAfLWAY.-On Sunday,Dec. 23rd, 189+, the examination of a class of N.E.R. employes, was held in the carriage shops, Bank Top, when 25 presented themselves for the first certificate, and 2 for the second certificate. Dr. Ellerton of Middlesbro' was the examiner, and after the examination expressed himself satisfied at what he had seen. A vote of thanks was given to the ~xaminer for his services and also to the class secretary, ~Ir. Smurthwalte, who has acted as secretary for some time. DERBY.-The directors of the Midland Railway have decided to grant a sum annually to provide a number of gold and silver medals, to be awarded in recognition of special skill shown by ambulance men in the employ of the company in rendering first aid, and a committee of representatives of the various departments has been appo inted to award the medals annually to those who render prompt and efficient aid in severe cases of accident, either for saving life or relieving suffering, or rendering assistance. G({ANTHA~I.-GREAT NORTHERN RATLWAY.-At the latter end of 1893, a class was formed by the railway employes in each department at the above station. Fifty-rour names II'ere gi\'en in, of wh om thirty-nine obtained certificates; ten were unable to attend the examination, being down with influenza; rour were remOl'ed to other districts and one died. The certificates were presented by the .\fayor ( ,\rthur Hutchinson, Esq.)' at the Guildhall, Grantham, early in the ~ew Year, and a second class was formed in October, 189+, consisLing of twenty-four members, the whole of whom have since passed their examinations and obta in ed certificates. Dr. FI. Poole-Berry has heen lecturer to both classe . and has spa red no pains to ground the memb.ers in first aid principles. The Di\'is ion has :\rr. C. ,Yo iirood, the statIOn master, as superintendent, and :vIr. G. H. Fletcher, chier of the parceb department at Grantham, as the hon. local secretary. Se\'eral of the members during 189+ rendered first aid in various cases of accident and in se nsibility, and were complimented by the medi ca l gentlemen, who subsequently took the cases, upon the efficient manner in which fir st aid had been given . The personal expenses of all members who gained certificates were defrayed by the Company. The members are making very satisfactory progress; many of them have attained great efficiency in the stretcher and bandage drills; periodical practices have been arranged, and there is evidently a la udable de termination on the part of all that the kn owledge they have acquired shall not be neglected or allowed to slip from their memories. GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY .. -At Trinity Hall, Tenby Road, Stratford, on the 1+th Dec., Lhe successful stude11Ls at the recent Great Eastern Railway Ambulance examinations were presented with their certificates. Mr. A. J. Hill presided, supported by Dr. Di ckinson, 1111'. Geo. Aston, Mr. T. O. ~fein (secretary), and others. The chairman stated in the course of his address, that there were 25 divisions at at present formed amongst the employes of the Company, and that he hoped soon to have 5 per cent. of all the men certificated in first aid. Dr. Dickinson presented the certificates to the 50 successful candidates, after which a musical programme was carried out, and the usual Yotes of thanks were passed. GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY CORPs.-The certificates gained by the successful pupils in connection with the ambulance classes held at Bishop!"gate and Fenchurch St. Stations, (Great Eastern Railway) will be presented on Saturday, January 26th, by Mr~. VV. J. Church Brasier, lady superintendent St. John's Gate 1 ursing Divi sion, at the Oxford IIouse CluD, Bethnal Green . An ambulance display and competition will subsequently take place between Oxford lIouse Division,Metropolitan Corps, and two teams selected from the Railway Corps. GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY.-LoRD CLAUlJ J. IIAMILTO:'< O~ AMBCLANCE WOHK.-On Tuesday, IIth ult., Lord Claud John Hamilton (chairman of the Great Eastern Railway) presented, in the board room at Liverpool Street Station, the certificates gained at the last examination held in connection with the corps which has been formed at the company's chief London terminus. One hundred candidates presented themseh'es for examination, and 95 were successful in obtaining certificates, q of whom were re-examined for the first, and two [or the second time. The chairman of the company was supported by Mr. 1. F. II .Read (one of the directors of the company), Mr. W . Birt (general manager), M. T. D. Genlloud (secretary), Mr. J. H . Nettleship (superintendent of the line), l\Tr. H. G. Drury (assistant superintendent), Dr. vVil1grave, and :.vlr. A. J. H ill (Stratford); wh ilst lr. H. Page (hon. sec. of the Liverpool Street corps) and Mr. G. Keary (first officer) marshall ed and called up the recipients for honours. Lord Claud Hamilton, in addressing the members, said he was very glad indeed to welcome them there, because they were engaged in a very noble work, which not only did great credit to themselves in the effort they were making to arrive at a high state of proficiency, but also conferred credit upon the company which they served. There were several reasons why the directors should not only cordially support this movement, but should wish it still further progress. In the first place, in a large body of men engaged in different departments, any movement which brought the men together and created a feeling of brotherhood, kindliness, and cordiality- wh ich was so desirable in any large service-was deserving of support. Then, again, the work of railway men was severe, and it could not be otherwise; and at

January, 1895·J

FIRS~

times perhaps it got a little !TIonotonous. Any pursuit, therefore, which brought them together after working hou~s and a~ord~d relaxation both to the mind and the body was a very deSIrable thlllg 111deed to encourage. As M r. Gladstone amidst all his great Parliamentary labours could turn to his Horace or Virgil for relaxation, so they who were engaged 111 physical labour cou.l d find relaxation in some ?ther for~ .of manu?1 ~I'o.rk . i n the railway serVlce they all knew that a high condltlOn of dlsclplllle was necessary; and any work which entailed close application and necessitated strict obedience to orders naturally intended to in crease especially among many young men-that spirit of discipline. Some men joined the Volunteer forces; some men attached themselves to fire briaades: and it was a pleasure to see railway men in their leisure hours taking up this ambulance work with the object of alleviating distres~. I n the working of railways there would, he was afraid, always be aCCIdents not only to the public, but among the men themselves; and It was a't such times that the usefulness of their knowledge would be shown. Again, in the home, the man who was proficient in ambulance work would make a far more dutiful father than one who knew nothing about such matters. These were mme of the reasons whi ch justified the directors in continuing their support to the movement; and he hoped th'1:t next year the Liverpool Street corps would maintain its present efficlency, and that the directors would still have the pleasur.eand hono.ur of seeil1 a the challenge cup (won at the recent competillon) remall1 at Liverpool Street. His Lord ship then distributed the certificates; and the proceedings terminated. J OHNSTONE.-The am bulance class formed at Johnstone Station some months ago, on the suggestion of l\lr. Cooper, general manager of the Glasgow and South \\'estern R a ilway Co., has just passed a most successful examination. Thirty-four students presented themselves, and everyone passed with honours, the in spector expressing himself highly pleased with the proficiency displayed by every member of the class Dr. Herbertson discharged the duties of teacher. PERTH.-Arrangemems have been made for a course of lectures on ambulance work to be given to railway employes, and a large number of members have been enrolled. The lectures are to be delivered weekly by Dr. Robert Stirling, and are under the auspices of St. J o hn Ambulance Association.

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~be

~ lnbulan( e IEn~truction.

fJoluntrer

~(fJool

The official inspection and examination of the late class took place at the heaquarters or the London RiAe Brigade, Bunhill Row, on .\1onday, December loth. Four examiners were detailed for duty, and these wele :-Surgeon-Major H. J. Robbins; Surgeon-Captains M. Yarr, Army Medi ca l Staff, R. A. Bostock, Scots Guards; and Surgeon-Lieutenant IV. J. Smythe, attached Grenadier Guards. Two strong companies were paraded under the command of SurgeonMajor II. F. Stokes, Senior Medical Officer Instructor. After the inspection in line by the examining officers, the march past took place, and was well carried out, notwithstanding the fact that every available space in the hall was taken up, owing to the companies be ing so large After the march past,the stretcher and handseat drill were performed and "wounded II were treated; the class was then divided into four portions, and every man went through a searching vi'va voce examination in first aid. At the conclusion, Surg-l\Iajor Robbins made an interesting speech in which he traced the methods of treating wounded from the time of the Crimea up to the present day. He congratulated the officers of the School upon the way the men had been instructed, and stated that he should have much pleasure in recommending th e whole class for Army Ambulance CertifIcates. Major Andrew Maclure, the President of the School, then thanked Surgeon-Major Robbins for his remarks, after which the class was dismissed. In addition to the Officers mentioned above, the following were also present:Surgeon-Ca plain R . R. ,Sleman, Artists R. V., Surgeon-Lieutenants E. ?If. Callender, M.n., Civil Service KV ., :M:. Yearsley, London rrish Rifles, and E. Mariette, 2nd (Prince of i Vales) V.B., Devonshire Regiment. The next class will be held at the headquarters of the Queen's 'Westminster KV., by permission of Col. Howard Vincent, C.B., M.P., commanding, and will commence at 7.30 p.m., on Thursday, February 7th, 1895. SURREY VOLUNTEER INFANTRY BRIGADE, BEARER C01l1PAN\,.We are requested to give notice of the forma tion of this Company, particulars of which can be obtained at the Headquarters, 2nd V.B. East Surrey Regiment, Drill Hall, St. George's Road, and from Sergeant Keable, 21, Palmerston Grove, Palmerston Road, South Wimbledon. How AMBULANCE i'l l EN S PENT THElR CHRISTMAS HOLIDAys.-On Boxing Tight, as a sergeant and private of the Haggerston Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade were passing along the Haggerston Road, they saw a fire raging at Mr Camp's, provision dealer, in the Haggerston Road. They, with the help of the policeman, at once rushed into the burning h ouse, and were instrumental in putting the fla.mes out and soothing the panic-stricken inmates, all of whon; had eVidently r et ired to rest. Both these gentlemen are very promlllent members of the Boro' of Hackney Workmen's Club, so what price this for the so-called boozing dens a~ aLiI'c:rLized.-Club TfTodd.

Alb.

01 ~t. ~nl.Yr£Eu'~ ~ )nfJul a nce ~~~ oci ati o n.

ON Monday evening, Dec. 17th, Dr. Sutherland gave his first lecture to the Inveraordon branch of the above association, there was a good attendance a~d the lectures were listened to with much attention. The practical work at the conclusion wa s "ery good. DURR IS.-The committee of the Durris ambulance class met in the Kirkton rIall on Tuesday evening, when the accounts for the session, including those of the recent conc~rt, ~\'ere sub~itted, and showed a balance in hand of nearly £j, of which It was deCided to deyote £3 to local charitable purposes and carry the balance forward. PARKHF.AD.-Dr. Su therland, Prison Sllrgeon, gave the introductory lecture to the Parkhead Corps, St Andrew's Ambulance Assoc i~tion. Be ga \'e a very lllcid and gra ph ic descri ption and resume of the history of am bu1ance work-from the Knights of Sl. ] ohn, down to the present day' urain a with areat earnestness the ad\'isability of aU taking ad\'anb b . f .. h k ld tage , of b such opportunity 0 acqumng t e necessary nO\l e ge so as to be of use to their neighbour as well as to themsel"es, and obey the Great Teacher's behest, " Do unto others as you would that they should do to you." After a most excellent lecture, listened to with rapt.attention by the audience, a hearty Yote of thanks was, on the motIOn of Dr. Russell, Surgeon to the corps, awarded the Lecturer for comlllg out to them. Dr. Russell also pointed out the need for radl\'ay-men, especially, doing all they could to qualify for rendering first aid, and urged upon all members of the class to press home to tho~e \l'h? h~d been assisted by ambulance men, the utter selfishness of. thell' . act;on 111 not learning to give the same aid to others tha~ they I~ their dl~tres~ had received. The class meets every Sunday, 11l the Engl11e-dnvers room of the Parkhead loco. shed, at 3 p.m.

- - - --:0; - - --

<1itJ) t9oli(£ anb ~ mfJulan( £ Mt orIt. PRESENTATIO~ OF .\[EDALLlOXS. 'Vednesday evening, December 12th, a large number of the members of the City Police Force were presented with the cert ifi cates and medallions of the St. John Ambulan ce ,\ ssociation for proficiency in first aid work. The ceremony took place in the Egyptian Hall of the :'IIansion House, and the prizes were distributed by the L ord Mayor (Sir Joseph Renals), who was supported by Sir Albert K. Rollit, M.P., Acting Chairman of the City and Port of London District St. John Ambulance .\ ssociation, Lieut.-Col. H. Smith (Chief Commissioner of the City Police), .\Iaj or Wodehou se and :\1r. S. O sborn Suraeon to the Sl. John Ambulance Brigade). On parade in Lhe Hall were 208 members of the City force. Of these 78 had taken first class cert ifi cates, 78 second class certificates, and 52 the sih'er medallion of the Association. Prel'ious to the distribution, Li eut.-Col. Smith, addressing the L ord ~Iayor, sa id that each man of the City force was compelled to go through a course of instruction in the principles of first aid to the inj ured. tiome eight or ten yeal s ago when large crowds assembled in the City on the occasion of any public holiday, the people had to take care of themselves. ~ ow, however, all this was chancred and on a recent holiday occasion, which his lordship would doubtles's remember well-~ o\'ember 9th-there were thirty-seven different ambulance stations established in the City, and the surgeons and men of the St. John Ambulance Brigade worked in entire harmony with the police, the result being perfectly satisfactory. The Lord l\Iayor, having distributed the cerLificates, addressed the company, and said that as a City magistrate he had had frequently to congratulate indi vidual members of the force upon their close fidel ity to duty. lJe was exceedingly pleased to see so many intelligent men in the force, in addition to their ordinary arduous duties, gi\'ing so much attention LO ambulance work. Sir Albert K. Rollit, M.P., moved a vote of thanks to hi s Lordship fo:- presenting the medallions and certificates, and said that not only did the police most admirably perform civil duties often of a yery onerous and exacting character, but they were also most yaluable assistants in the work of the St. John Al11bulance Association. Only last week he saw a man jump o\'er the Embankment into Lhe Thames. The man was rescued by the police, and as iL happened the members of the force present knew how to restore respiration byartificial means. Consequen tly the man's life I\'aS saved. A knowledge of first aid was most useful to el'eryone, sin ce, by the mere pressure of a finaer upon an artery, or e\'en by the knowledge how to apply the pr~ssure of the atmosphere, hoemorrhage might be arrested and a life or limb saved. lIen ce the great benevolent Order of S1. John did ib utmost to extend such \\'ork and to reward, as on that night, those policemen ,yho added such ski ll to the performance of their duties to the public (cheers). 1\1r. S. Osborn, in seconding the resolution, said that t he examination of the members of the City force in the principles of first aid to the injured had been of a very stringent character, and the men had displayed in this examination every evidence of sound teaching. The resolution having been cordially approved, the Lord Mayor briefly responded, and the proceedings ended. Mr. Alan Palmer telegraphed from Bournemouth regretting absence, owing to his brother's death at thal place.

FIRST

'1Rurses' (tolun111. YVE~IBLEY NURSING DrvrsION.-\Ve have received the first annual report of this division, from which it appears that it originated on the 2+th i\Iay, 1892, at a meet.ing at Dr. Goddard's, when Mrs. Calvin Lines, the Secretary of St. John 's Gat.e Kursing Diyision, explained the method in which a nursing division sho uld be worked. lY e note that one of the chief objects of the division is to assist in nursing the sick poor of the district. In our opinion this is one of the most noble objects of modern ambulance work, for we know from what we have seen that just as great deeds of heroi sm can be done by the bedside in a country village as in the wards of a field hospital. Y\'e wi sh the \Yembley Division every success in its new venture, and we hope that its example will be followed by other nursing divisi ons.

- - - - : 0: - - - -

illl'ill @rl:lel'~. T. JOHN A:\IB ULA:,\CE BRIGADE. J.\IETROPOLIT A~ CORPS. THE :\Ietropolilan Corps will parade at headquarters on Sunday, Februa ry loth, to allend diyine service at St. Edmund King and :\[artyr, Lombard St. Band to attend. ~ ursing ladies will go direct to the Church. Superint.endents. officers, or supernumerary officers, in charge of divisions, a re request.ed to forward to headquarte rs on t.he fir st day in each month a programme of all drill s, duties, lectures, &c., in order t.hat the same may be inserted in the Drill Orders of this and ot.her papers. By order, W. J . Church Brasier, Chief Superintendent, l\[etropolitan Corps. "OLU TTEER MEDICAL STAFF CORPS. Hall. Commandant, Surgeon-General Sir IV . Guyer Hunter, M.D., K.C.M.G., Q.H. S. Commandant, Surgeon-Lieut. Colonel A. T. Norton, F.R.C.S. Officers for duty ; Surg-Lieut. H. D. Buss and Lieut. and Qmr. G . R. Glanfield. Drills-Headquart.ers, Monday, 7.30. p.m.; Headquarters, Tuesday, from 7 to 9 p.m.; Guildhall, IYednesday, 7.30 p.m.; Headquarters, Thursday, from 7 to 8 p.m.; and at the yarious hospitals as usual. for time and place see coy. notice boards. Lectures--Headquarters, 8. p.m.: January 17th, sanitation in the field; January 24th, camp diseases; January 31st, camp diseases ; February 7th and IIth, bearer companies and hospitals in the field. VOLUNTEER AMBULANCE SCHOOL OF I TSTRUCTION. President-:\[ajor Andrew Maclure, V.D. Course of Lectures t.o be delivered at the headquarters of the Queen's IYestminster R.V., James Street, Victoria Street, S.W., commencing 7.30 p.m . Thursday, February 7th.-The Skeleton, Joints, and Muscles. " ,,1+th.-The Heart, Blood Vessels, and Circulation. By Surg.-l\Iaj. H F. Stokes.

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At D.

[January, 1895.

FIRST AID •

@ri)er of :t. jjobn.

THE following a ppointments have been made to the Order by His Royal Highness The Grand Prior :-Captain Sir Alfred Jeph son, R.N., to be Secretary-General; Edwin Freshfie ld, E sq., L.L.D., to be R ecei,'er-General; Colonel Sir IIerbert C. PerroLt, Bart., to be Secretary; and the Chapter have appointed The lIon. Albert Edward J oh n Henniker , to be Assistant-Secretary to Sir I1 erbert Perrot.t.

--------:0:----Q!orre~ponb£n(.e.

NOTICES TO CORRESPO~ DENTS . Letters to tl7e Edzlor must be 'Wrzlten 0 11 aile Side of tile paper oIll)' , a lld must be accompmll'ed by the name and address of tile sender, as a guaralltee of good/mHz. lVe do not 1lecessa1'ziy zdent(fv ourselves 'Wdh the 'uzew s held by our correspo7ldents. To TIlE EDITOR OF .. FmsT ,-\rJl. " DEAR Sm.-Now that we have a well· organ ized and thoroughly disciplined force in our Aillbulance Brigade, it seems to me a pity that its usefulnes ca nn ot. be e\'en more extenued. I would suggest that. our men be trained to become volunteer inspectors of nuisances, that lectures be given on san it.aLion, and exam in aLions held and eel Lificates granted. I would also suggest that !irst-aiders he inst.ructed in th e art. of disinfection, so that after an outbrea k of an infectious disease they might be able to fumigate a house, and remoye Ledding, &c., to a pu blic disinfecting depot. What. a boon it would be to the community if at every stre tcher depot there were also an efficien t supply of disinfectants, fumigating apparatus, and men always ready wh o know h ow to use them . I feel sure the men would be pleased to take up such work. The variety of subjects \\' ould also be a little break in the monotony of our monthly drills. Trusting that some of your readers will express their opinion on this subject.-I am, yours truly, T. FK~D THORl'~=, Supt., Earl's Barton Di \'isiol1. Northampton Corps. [IVe rather fancy that medical offi cers of health an d sanitary officials who are pai d for their work would not care to come into contact wi th amateur sanit.ary officers, and would scoff at them . But still the idea is worth ventilating.-ED.J.

AXSWERS TO CORRESPOXDEl\'TS. MISS E. LO('KIN GTO:-l wi shes t.o kno\1 the filst aid treatment for a person who has received a bullet wound in the right frontal lobe of the brain. Proba bly he wou ld require none; if any were needed it would be that of compound fracture of the sku ll. Our c?rrespondent.s, who are. too numerous t.o mention individually, are heartily thanked for the cuttll1gs, paragraphs, &c., whi ch have been received . NOTICE . This Journal will be published on or about the 15th of the month. Advertisements (for terms see cover) an d contributions should be sent in by the loth at the lat::st, but by the 8t.h to ensure insertion.

1Re\)iews.

£100 FREE INSURANCE

A ids to the Injured and Sick, by H ew')' Willitlg//am Sell, M ..A., Oton , M.B.C.S. Published by A llman & S on, L imited. This is the text book on First Aid used by the Nation al Health Society, and considering the price (2d.), it contains practically all that is requisite for ambulance pupils. The matter being put in a very condensed form might. not perhaps be grasped by some people with the same facility as it might be if there were a fuller explanation, such as we see in the larger text books. Some of the chapters are very good, part.icularly those on illsensibilityand poi sons. In the treatmen t of fractur es of the leg bones, lIe do not quite perceive how, after the an kles are tied together, which we are told is the first proceeding, an inner splint can be fixed with bandages. 'W ith the exception of this and a few o1.her small omissions, we think it to be a capital li ttle book and well got up. H ome Kursing, by E . liIargt1,), Homersham. P ublished by Allman ~. SOli, L imited. This is a capital little book on the subject, written in plain language capable of being comprehended by t.hose who have had no previous instruction . IVe noti ce that the chief symptoms of the different infect ious fevers are not gi \'en, though a good deal of attention is given to the complications that may arise. Perhaps the authoress thinks that a nurse ought. not to attempt the diagnosis of any disease, but allow the doctor to make it, which, of course, is quite right , still some of the chief differences might be given so as to form some guide for the nurse as to the preca ut.ion s to be taken. There are some very good hint.s on surgical nursing, and some good recipes for a diet suitable for invalids at different stages. "Home Nursing" is a work that ought to be much appreciated .

AGAINST ACCIDENTS Will be paid t.o t.he Representatives of the purchaser of FIRSI' AID in case of death as provided below, by The Sickness and Accident Assurance Association , Ltd. Head Offi ce :-2.j., YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH . London Office :-6+, MOORGATE STREET L.o. 'DO?-<, E.C. T o wh om not.ice of Claims under the foll owing con~ dltlOns mu st be sent WITHIN TH REE DAYS. Applicable 1;0 Passenger Trains in Great Britain & Ire land . ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by the above Insurance Company to the Legal representative s of any person killed by an accident to the train in whi ch the deceased was an ordinary passenO'er or who shall have been fatally injured thereby, sho uld death result within 2+ hours after such acciuent. Provided that. at t.he time of such accident the person so killed or fatally injured was the owner of FIRST AID for the current month, contain ing this Coupon leO'ibly signed with his or h er usual signature in ink or pencil, bot.h time a~d signature being of the essence of the contract.

£1 0D

Stgnatu1'e ............................................ . Address ........................................................................................................ .. ..... ................ .. This In surance is limited to one Coupon to each bolder, and is not invalidated by any Insurance with this or any ot.her Accident Company. It is subject to the ordinary conditions of the Association's Accident Policies, and is in force from midnight, 15th January, 1895, until midnight, I5th February, 1895 .

PI'inteli for the Proprietors by W. J. GOODB, 88, Clerkenwell Roa.d, and publishe(11)y ALAN PALlllllt alll1 nl>llP, at 11, Lm1gale H ill, l<~.(J.

JOURNAL

No. 8.-VOL. I.

DEVOTED

[Ente1'ed at Slatz'oue rs' Hall. ]

FEBRUARY,

SPECIAL NOTICES. Registered Telegraphic Address -" ARTERY, LONDON." Arrangements have been made with Messrs. W. H . Smith & Son to have " First Aid" on sale at their bookstalls throughout the Kingdom . It may als o be obtained at Messrs. Willing 's bookstalls.

:fJ3re\'tties. WE are sorry to sta te th at, owing to the great pressure on our space (wh ic h is at present so limited), ,ye are unable to publish a l arge amount of matte r that has bee n sent in, amongst which are the speeches made at the Fishmonge r s' H a ll, in connection with the l ecture on " First Aid fo r Sailors," by Dr. Cato. THIS subject, or as it perhaps might be b e tter named, " Second Aid for Sailors," has been a burning one for some time, and we know thJt Captain Froud has b ee n most anxious to get authority to h ave further ins truction given to sail ors, but th e question comes in " H ow much further inform a t ion is to be g i\'en by the doct o rs and where is the line to b e dra,,'n ?" There is a good' d eal to be said from the sailor's point of view in fa,'our of all captains and mates being made" amateur doct ors," but of course that is stepping beyond the limits of ambulance work, and would pro b ably lead to a large amount of wrong diagnoses being made, followed of course by wrong treatment.

DR. CATO has drawn up a list of certain acute d iseases on which he thinks instru ction might be giyen with benefit to seafaring men. More information on some of these subjects would doubtless b e mo t u seful, but whether this list would be approve d by a Medical Board we are somewhat I sceptical of. Tak e one, for instance "Strangulated Hernia" ; is it suggested that anyon~ after hearing a description (by l ecture) of this complaint, could possibly diagnose and treat it by operation? W ea r e afraid that the patient's life would, in m os t cases be made much shorter than if he were le ft alone and allo~ved to take his chance. YVHILST not objecting to some further instruction bell1g given to those in authority on sea-going vessels, w~ think t]lat the question of h ow far to go is so b ese t WIth diffi culties, that it could only be settled by a Medical Board or a committee of expe rienced naval s urgeons, wh? wou ld consider the subject in all its b ea rings, and deCIde how much instruction sllould be given, with th e treatment that would be justifiable and appropriate in eac h case. Dr. Cato has done good service in br oach ing the subj ect, and we hope some good will arise o ut of his lecture.

IT has been a source of much satisfaction to all th ose who ~re interested in first aid t o observe the growing interest

1~ this humanitarian work shown by the technical educ3tlO.n committee s of the various County Counci ls . This bell1g so, we must confess that we have learned with r egret that the London County Council has decided to run fir st

AMBULANCE 1895.

"wORK. PRICE ONE PENNY.

aid and hygienic classes under unqualifi ed o r lay instructors. vVe make this statement with all reserve and we should be only too plea ed to learn that ou r information was incorrect. Th e members of the medical profession have always been the warmest supporters of the first aid moYement, and it is l argely due to them that it first gained the confidence of the public. This .being so, it would be paying them a sorry ~omp~lmellt to countenance th at which is, t o put It n:11d1y, a dIrec t tr espass on the medical man's proYlnce. ----- :0:----

*ir~t ~ii)

for ~aiIor~.

A meeting of a most influen tia l character was held at the Fishmongers' Hall, by kind permission of the IYorshipful Company of that name, on ~1 onday, January 21st, when a paper enti tled" First Aid for Sailors" was read by :VIr. A. :\1 . Cato, l\l.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Capt. E. Blackmore occupied the chair until the arril'al of Sir Albert K. Rollit, :\LP. , and amongst those present "'ere Colonel Sir Herbert C. Perrott, Bart., C~pts . Cato, Thomson, Barker, Topper, Thompson, ;\lain and :\Iackenzle, 2I1r. Alan Palmer (Hon. Sec. City and Port of London S.J.A.A .), Commander Dawson, R.~., ~Iajor ?lIaclure, Rev. IV. Bryant Salmon (Chaplain Seamans' Institute). After a few introductory remarks by S=apt. B1ackmc:re, the Secret~ry of the Shipbuilders' Society (Capt. [\ . LT. Froud, R.:\ .R.) read "anous letters of apoloO'), and the Chairman then called upon :\1r. Cato to read his paper. "', After a few preliminary remarks, the lecturer said :-" ,Yith reO'ard to the. limited opportunities of those at sea of obtaining medical as~ist ance Jl1 case of need, they are placed under somewhat peculiar and exceptional circumstances, in the fact that a ship carrying, say, :!o or 30 men as crew may start on a voyage of thrce or even four months from port to port; and that these men presumably during the whole of that time are entirely dependent for help in case of serious acciJent on the chance of one of their number having had some pre\'ious experience of a similar case and of thus being able to treat it. An expedition on shore for that length of time would ne\'er be suffered to lea\'e without provi~ion being made for illness and accident by the appointment of a properly qualified man well supplied with drugs and all the necessary appliances. I do not mean to suggest by this that surgeons should be carried on a greater number of ships than is the cas~ at the present time. As laid down in the Mer chant Shipping Act e\'ery foreiO'n -O'oinO' vessel leaving the United Kingdom with 100 souls or more o~ b"'oarci'" or by th e Passengers' \ ct, carrying 50 or more passengers, is compelled to ~arry s?me persall duly qualified to ,Practice medicine and surgery. ThiS Act I S stoctly complted With, and, Jl1deed, I know of several \'essels afloat which carry surgeons, although by law not compelled to. I t appears to me impossible to amend these regulations in any way and in fact, with only these numbers, it is found that the medical offi~er a~ a rule is far from being fully employed, anel in the majority of cases only makes one or two \'oyages. In very few cases, and then only in the largest passenger ships, is the practice sufficiently large to enable a surgeon to contin ue at it for years without fear of losing experience in hi s profession. It is clearly impossible to ask for the appointment of a greater nu mber of surgeons, the demand would be greatly in advance of the supply, and yet there is this large sea population more liable to injuries, perhaps, than the general run of mankind, with no efficient means of relieving those inj uries. That this population is a larger one than is generally supposed may be gathered from some figures which I ha ve obtained on t.he subject. They were taken in the early part of 1893. At that time Lh ere were, roughly speaking, +:!S ,'esse!:; anoat belonging to the Mercantile Marine which carried surgeons . The cre\\'s of these vessels numbered +0,00(', giving an average of nearly 98 men per vessel. The majorit.y of these ships were, of course, of the passenger class. Of ships not carrying surgeons, including both sailing-ships and steamers, there were 5,600. The crews of these vessels amounted to qo,ooo, g ivin g an average of 25 men per vessel. It is impossible to form even an approx imate estimate of the number of passengers ca rried, but I believe a fair number are carried in the latter class of vessel. It may be assumed there has been no diminution in these figures since t.hey were t.aken, the only likely difference being in the number of pa ss~nger- s hip s , which is always increased in the summer."

FIRST After some re.'UI k J=scriLing th-! ".lrious kind.> of acciJ.::nts met with at sea,and giving a short account of the lectures of the St.J oh n Am bu lance Association, the lecturer continued-A very pertinent question under the circumstances, and one that is repeatedly asked by sailors, is : " \Vell, what are we to do with a case after first-aid has been rendered?" According to the directions given in the course of instruction, nothing further is to be attempted until medic."ll aid arrives, and these directions, together with the comparatively superficial description of each case, and its treatment, is undoubtedly the only course to pursue with those on shore. The ordinary course of instru ction in first aiJ would undoubtedly be very useful, but J think it ought to be supplemented by a description of the simpler methods of rendering of what one might call second aid. This could be managed, in some part, by extending each lecture by a quarter of an hour, the lecturer, in describing the treatment of the \'ariou s injuries and diseases, giving the main points to be observed in the further progress of the c.'lses. There are, however, a few injuries and diseases which could hardly be included in a first aid course, which would take up too much time if treated of in the ordinary lectures, but which are very important from their frequency under certain conditions and in certain climates, and also from their great tendency to end fatally. I would place the following under this head: asiatic cholera, acute dysentery, scurvy, sunstroke, including the two chief forms, heat apoplexy and heat syncope, the constitutional effects of cold, strangulated hernia and retention of urine. These subjects certainly merit careful consideration, and 1 think one or two additional evenings might well be devoted to that purpose. As every captain and officer in the merchant service has personal experience of one or more of these serious conditions, I should suggest each case being put in the form of a short paper, followed by a discussion and relations of actual cases, with mention of the treatment adopted in each case. As these additional lectures could be held, if convenient, on consecutive days, they would Dot unduly prolong the course, and would not postpone or in any way interfere with the examination held at the end of each series, the mndidates not being examined in any of these subjects, and attendance on them of course not being a necessary qualification. By this arrangement, ta king advantage also of the privilege granted by the St. John Ambulance Association, allowing the le ctures at the Shipmasters' Society to be held twice a week, in stead of once, the whole course could be completed in three weeks. This can hardly be considered an excessive time to give to the subject, even on the part of men who usually have but little to spare on shore. Another point I would like to mention hefore drawing this short address to a close is the great advantages and facilities existing for surgeons of foreign ·going ships for giving first aid lectures while at sea. It would not be a matter of great difficulty to come to some arrangement with the .\mbulan ce Association for the necessary authority for such lectures to be given under its auspices, and for the supply of the diagrams and other apparatus; the examination to take place on shore in the usual way. I presume few officers of large mail or passenger ships eJuld predict that they would always travel in those carrying surgeons; and in any case first aid would be as valuable to them as to any shore-going individual. 1 belie\'e such lectures as these are occasionally given in an informal way by surgeons at sea, and no doubt with a little organisation and encouragement they would become a regular thing. Sir Albert Rollit gave an address emphasising the necessity of a k nowledge of first aid amongst all sailors. Sir Herbert Perrott said tha t the Central Executive Committee of the ~t. John Ambulance Association would do all in its power to meet the special requirements of the case. Commander Dawson, Major ~1aclure, Captains Barker and Thomson, and ~lr. Alan Palmer a lso spoke, and the meeting closed with votes of thanks to the lecturer and chairman.

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~fJurcb ~(u·ai:Jt.

rl"'llE Metropolitan Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade -.L attended the morning service at St. Edmund the King and Martyr, Southwark Street, on February 10th. The parade \.I'as c tiled at 10 a.m., and at 10.30 the various divisions marched off under the command of Chief ~upt. Church Brasier, and headed by the brigade band. It is regretted that owing to some error, it was assumed that the service commenced at II a.m., instead of which 10.45 is the hour, con sequently the corps was late. It 'was remarked, however, that but little or no confusion was caused whilst the officers and men proceeded to their seats. Many of the nursing sisters were also present. The sermon was preached by the Rev. Canon Benham, B.D., Hon . Chaplain to the corps, and at the conclusion he announced that the offertory would be gi\'en to a fund which was now being raised in the parish of St. John, Clerkenwell, for the purpose of providing a trained nurse for the sick poor. The Chief Officer of the corps informs us that had he known the hour of service was 10.45, his men could have been there fully twenty minutes sooner, but believing it was eleven, he debyed some little time in order to give members from the outlying districts time to arrive at headquarters. The weather wa:; bitterly cold, and it reflects credit on the corps that there were nearly 200 of all ranks present on parade.

AI Dt

February, 1895 .J

jfirst Bib 1Recorb.

elide/, tills heading are l'ecorded all cases which come 10 our notice, in which First Aid relld,'1'ed by Amoulanre pupils has been 0/ valuable asslslal/ce. I\'e ask our 1"eaders to heip us by sendi1lg pal'tz'culars of all sllch cases. 1

Ai ERLEy .-O n Friday, January ~sth, a dome~tic servant engaged at a priv:.lte house in Anerley Park fell from a ladder, fracturing bO.th bones of the fore-arm. Prompt :J.~sist:1.nce was rendered by MISS Barchard, hon. sec . of the Local Branch of St. J. A. A., with the result that swelling of the p:1.rt was p~e\'entec1, and the patient made comparatively comfortable until the arrival of the medical man, who expressed great approval of the treatment. BURNLEY COH l's.-Shortlyafter 8 LJ'clock on \,\Tednesday evening. December ::!6th, a young man, n:1.med Bentley Rew, was found lying in Thompson Street bleeding from wounds at the back of his head, '1 young man who was passing called the attention of Police-constable Din~dale to him. An Ambulance man, Richard Elford, fortunat ely resided in the same street, the policeman caused him to be taken into Mr. Elford's house and together they dressed his wounds, and in a little while, they learned from him that he was a painter, and reside.d at 17, Zion Terrace, and they t ook him home, but he could not explall1 to his friend s how he had sustained his injuries. CHADWELL HEATH.-On Tuesday, the 23rd of January, a man fell and fractured his kneecap. Thomas Lovett, a member of the Chadwell Heath (G.E.R.) Ambulance Corps, attended to the man's injury, who was afterwards conveyed to the London Hospital. CRYSTAL PALACE.-A rather alarming occurrence, and one nearly followed by a fatal result, took place at the Low Level Station here a short time since. A passenger while waiting for the train was observed to stagger and f::dl down on the platform, and on the bystanders going to his assistance he was found to be in sensible. ~Ir. James Fuller, an employe at the station, and an energetic member of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, was fortunately a witness of the accident, anJ immediately attended to the man. Perceiving that the bre:1.thing \\'as difficult and that the face had become livid, he opened the mouth and inserted his fingers in order to dnw out the tongue. To his surprise they encountered some hard dry body at the back of the mouth, and managing to get hold of this, he withdrew it, when it turned out to be a plate of false teeth, which had accidentally fallen to the back of the thro<1t, :1.ml become impacted there. The patient speedily recovereJ, and after the arrival of medical assistance was able to proceed on his journey. There can be but little doubt that he would have expired in a few minutes had not this prompt first aid been rendered. EASTWOOD, K OTTS.-George Savage, aged 20 yeJ.rs, basket maker, of Stanfield Street, Old Radford, was pbying in a football match fOl Christ Church, Radford, against Eastwood, at the latter place, on Saturday, January I9th, 1895, and was accidentally kicked. The force of the blow was so great that a compound fracture of the left leg was caused. First aid was rendered by several members of the Eastwood Ambulance Corps, who happened to be on the ground, and the poor fellow \Vas taken to the Nottingham General Hospital in the evening, where it was found necessary to detain him. ESSEx.-On Friday, January 18th, a little boy named John Clayden, aged six years, was sliding on the ice on a pond at Rickling Green, near Saffron \V:tldon, when he fell into the ·water. A labourer named Johnson, hearing the boy's cries, jumped into the water, which came up to his neck, and after a time managed to get the child out. The boy was then appareqtly dead; but Police Constable Lowe, who holds the certificate of the Sl. John Am bubnce Association, at once set to work to restore J.nimation, and at the end of an hour and a half he was successful. I SLII'\GTON.-A naphtha lamp ign ited the clothing of a stall-keeper in the Essex -road, Islington , on Saturday evening, January 26th, Retreating to the middle of the road, with dress, sha wl and hat ablaze. she was promptly seized and placed in a recumbent position bya member of the St. John's Gate Division of the S1. John Ambulance Brigade, another stall-keeper assisting in extinguishing the flJ.mes with a sack. Right arm, left hand, and hair slightly burnt; fortunately face escaped injury. LAN GLEY MILL, DERBYSHTRF..-An accident of a rather serious nature occurred on Monday evening, January 14th, 1895, to Mr. George \Valli s assistant overseer and farmer of Codnor Park. It appears that while proceeding along the Cromford Road on his usual rounds about 6 p.m. owing to the slippery state of the roads he accidently fell near . Alder~J.r IIall, and sustained a fracture of the right leg. Assistance was procured, and under the able supervision of Mr. Jas. Walker, Underground Manager, Plumtree Colliery, first aid was rendered, and he was conveyed home by Mr. Rockley of Aldercar, where he was attendeJ by Dr. IIaycock , of Cod nor Park.

FIRST

AID.

LINCOLN.-About midnight on the 16th December a woman named ~enton ~e~timonial ~uni)' Turner attempted to commit suicide by jumping into the river VVitham. There was a strong current, and she drifted about thirty yards, when ~mofdng she was re scued by a man named Cobb and In sp. Ri chardson. The latter, who holds the St. John Ambulance medallion, finding that breathing had practically ceased, tried artificial respiration, and suc'T", HIS Concert, organised to augment the fund being raised as a ceeded in restoring the patien 1. Dr. Lowe, who was sent for, stated ..L testimonial to Mr. Thomas Benton, a worthy brave comrade of that it was entirely due to In sp. Richardson's skill and exertions that the ~ondo~ Salv~ge Corps, who is compelled to retire after 21 years of the wom an's life was saved. This is another instance to show the ser\'Ice oWIIlg to lll-he:dth, came off with great eclat at the Old London necessity of Police Officers being skilled in first aid.-Oll and OJ! Coffee House, LudgaLe Hill, on :'fonday, January 14th. :,Iuch of the Ditty, l"ebrUJ.ry , I 95. Sllccess is due to the untiring efforts of Hon. Dental Surgeon A. r\lbert NORTH END, HAMPSTEAD HEATH.-A man with a coal cart met of the Metropolitan Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade one of th~ with a bad accident in North End on Saturday, Janu:uy I2th, I895, lIon. Secs. of tile FUlld. i'llr. C. J. Cuthbertson, C.C., made' an excellent having his left leg severely crushed between a wall and the shaft of his chairman, and among those present to support him were .\Ir. H. H. cart. The result was a great deal of bleeding, which was effectually Bridgman,C.C.,F. R. I.B.A., President of the United "'ards C1ub)fr.T. H. stopped by Mr. Albert Ru ssell, who had just paosed his first aid examinaB. Hitchins, C.C ., '\[r. Thistle Thorne, C.C.,i'lf r. Brace Hall (Chief Officer tion. vVhen the doctor saw the man he considered the band:1.ge put on London Salvage Corps), Chief Supt. W. J. Chmch Brasier, SuplS. \Y. FT. so well that he dill not touch it, but sent him on to the Xorth 'Vestern i'lIorgan and Alan Palmer. First Officers A. Trimmer and C. \V'. Baker. of Hospital, where he is progressing favourably. The house surgeon there the i\1 etropolitan Corps, St.] ohn Ambulance Brigade, Supt. Pearce (Fire said 1\1 r. R llssell had done all that was possible, and considered without BrIgade) , pr. Hil\~·.kes, :'1r. S. B. Bolas, ilIr. Johnston, Cbief Impector doubt he had saved the man's life, as the bleeding being arterial, unless Palmer (CIty POlice), and others. A contingent of the l3and of the stOpped, the consequences woulLl have been most serious. The accident St. John Ambt.lance Brigade, conducted by ~\ rr. J. Richard~ (Randoccurred on Golder's Hill, quite twenty minutes from any doctor. The master), performed tne f01l0winO' selections :-" BOhemian Girl ".1 Scotch classes Mr. Russell had been attending were held in Xorth End, and Airs," and V\'altz "Baby." bT3andsman "'. Lovett deli';hted the were conducted by Dr. Jessop, of Fitzjohn's A\·enue. audience ",ith his piccolo oolos, "Sih er Birds "'altz" and "Deep Blue SOMER; TOWN .-George Sea." Bandsnnn C. Davies Den;n i ng, a guard, of also earned much a pSomers Town, had in plause with ~, is clarionet December last the misforsolo" r\lican1." .\Ir. Cecil tune to meet with an acciBeryl Graeme, an officer dent at this station, falling of the S.J .,\.13. amused between his van and the all by his clever ventriloplatform, his left arm being quism and" .\Ianipulation severely cr .Ished and the Du Chapeau." The cornet wrist di~loc ltcd: G. Tritsol05 of ergt. Bodman ton, of the .\lidbnd Di\'i(City Police) were much s i on, being at hand appreciated. '\Ia n y good p:omptly rC'lJered first aiJ songs were rendered by to the suffer-er,and rell10veLl ~Ie5srs. Birket, E. CUltis, him to the Royal Flee R. Tate, Hens.m and lf03tJital, where he was Perry. Chief Superindetained. On 15th Decemtendent \\T. J. Cnurch ber bst, a boy nJ.med Brasier's imper~onation Davenport fell off a trades" ~1r. Solemn Sides ., nnn's van into the rOild, created much laughter as near Somers Town; the also did the comic songs wheels of the van p:1.ssing of lUessrs. C. ::'{ orman, over and severely bruising Harry Hudson, " 'alter him. The accident W,L, Fullerton, and L. C.lmpwitnessed by W. J. Pilkbell. Mr. H. H. I3ridgington, a member of the man, C.C., proposed a Midland Division, who vote of thanks to the immediately rendered all S.JA. B. for the great serassistance in his power, vice they had rendered and conveyed him to the to the cause so much at Royal Free Hospital where heart with all presen 1. he was seen by one of the He understood the ,Y[etroTHE BENTON TESTlllIONIAL FUND SMOKING CONCERT. House Surgeons, in whose politan Corps had in opinion the lad's injuries From a Photo. by S. B. Bolas & Co., 11 , Lnclgate Hill, Lon(lon, E.O. 7 or 8 years enlisted 700 were so serious as to nemembers, he considered cessitate his detention in this a grand success. In the Institution. speaking of its name ~ SUTT~N-rN-ASHFIELD, NOT!S.-O~ ?at~rday afternoon, February Mr. BridO'man euloO'ised the merits of the grand old gateway of St. ~nd, I89), George Henstock, mmer, resldll1g 111 Bowne Street, sustained 10hn's Priory, the h~'ldquarters of the St. John Ambulance Associa~ion. a fracture of the right leg whilst in the" Durham Ox" Inn. P.C. ~roult " The services of the Brig:1.de were particubrly ~otable on such occasIOns rendered fir st aid, and he was then conveyed home, where he was as Lord Mayor's Day or Royal Visits to the Cl~y, when ~'ery "aluable attended by Dr. Dick. assist:1.nce was rendered by those on duty. fhe contmgent of the WmSFORD.-On January 25th a serious accident occurred at a Brigade Band who had performed that evening deserved many thanks level crossing leading from a Salt works to the River Wea\'er. A and compliments-they had done well. Many present, I am sure, were w~l~on w~s being. drawn by a horse, and ~ e driver, Enoch Rowlinson, astonished to know the Brigade had such an excellent band who could whtle trymg to TIde on the buffer, fell, and the result was a fracture of not only play, but if occasion should arise could render "first aid.' the ankle and a big gaping wound in the calf, with much loss of blood. It is my pleasure to propose the health and prospenty of the S.J.A.B. Mr. T. Hulse, ex-Serg~ant of the \Vin sford Corps, who lives close, Volunteers such as these are more valuable than those paid. Chief Supt. was on the. spot llumedta tely, and he put up the limb neatly without W. J. Chu;ch Brasier in' replying, opoke of the 'pleasure in. rendering del~y. Pnvates Bratt and Mullock soon arrived, and conveyed the aid to a comrade of a sister service, anJ in thankll1g Mr. Bndgman for p~tlen~ home on the litter, the distance being about half a mile. Dr. his kind allusions said the BriO'ade were prouJ to answer to the call of SlIlclalr, .who had been sent for, arrived in a very short time, and took duty with that splendid body of men the City of London Police ~orce. the case 111 hand. Both pJ.lient and doctor expressed the ir thanks to \Ve are indebted to .\Iessrs. S. B. Bolas & Co., of IL, Ludgate Htll, f~r those who had so efficiently rendered first aiel. the block portraying this concert. j)[r. Bolas was very suc~essful 111 WnUNGBORO'.-On the 26th January two men whilst fighting taking a flash-light photograph, which makes a ple:1.sa~t remllllscence overturned the table and broke a paraffin lamp. J. Manning being the of what proves a strong" first-a ill "night. The flash-hght was a hlrge one on the floor was much burnt, he was brouO'ht to the Ambuhnce item on the programme. ?tation, where Superintendent Hilton and Corporal IN. L. Edwards tmme~tately dresse? the burns, great difftculty being experienced in removlIl&, and cuttmg off clothing as he had been rolled in the snow, THOSE at Newquay \\ho obtained certificates from the St. John and was 111 a dreadful state. On arrival of Surgeon he was ordered to Ambulance Association at the I ecent examination, haye formed a Corps, be taken to Northampton in the H~rse Ambula~ce (time 9.30 p.m. and ·elected the followinO' officers :-Messrs. II. V. \Yestlake and Temperature 12 degrees F.) Ro~d sa lllce. Ten miles was accomplished \V. J. 'Pearce, superintend~nt and deputy superintendent respectively, in a little over one hour. and i'lIr. A,_ F. Sparkes, secrelary and tl casurer.

Qroncert.

FIRST

TO OUR READERS. As it is our most earnest wish and desire to make this Journal as attractive as possible, we beg correspondents in all parts of the country to give it all the help they can. IVe hope the Supenntenden~s of Corps and Officers of Diyisions of the St. John Ambulance Bngade, and Officers of the Volunteer Medical Staff Corps, and the Volunteer Ambulance School of Instruction, will do their best to make it known amcngst their respective corps, and also will send for publication their officia 1 n e\Ys.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR 12 months, IS. 6d , post free, to be sent t o "The Publishers," Alan Palmer & Reed, IT, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-' ARTERY, LO::-< DON."

FIRST AID IS FEBRUARY, r895·

THE new regulations affecting the regiTHE GENEVA mental bearers of the Volunteer Ser\'ice CROSS have not been received with universal AND THE ' satisfaction by the mem bers 0 f t 1elvanous YOLU:-\TEERS. regiments affected. 'Vhether the step is a wise one it would perhaps be premature on our part at present to express an opinion; the general idea appears to be that it has been taken with a view of promoting the formation of Volunteer Bearer Companies to be attached to the various Brigades, thereby increasing the efficiency and usefulness of this special branch of the yolunteer sen·ice. One thing has been evident for some years past, in many Regiments the regulation number of two men per company has been largely exceeded; no doubt it is highly desirable that as many of our citizen soldiers as possible should undergo instruction in ambulance work, for not only is the knowledge likely to prove of ,'alue in connection with their regimental duties, but it will also prove of inestimable advantage to them in their civilian capacity. At the same time to see large numbers of men in the ranks carrying rifles and wearing the red cross on their arms looks very much like a mild contrayention of the Geneva convention, and has more than once pro\'oked adverse criticism from those who are thoroughly COlwersant with the regulations that goyern the right to wear this badge in foreign armies. In the event of our Volunteer i\.rmy being obliged to take the field, the presel t system would, \ye believe, pro\'e quite incapable of coping with the work which would be thrown upon it, and the fact of its having little or no transport seryice would only make its inadequacy all the more apparent; and it therefore seems to us adyisable to consider whether means could not be taken to make use of some other material which we have at hand, ready for an emergency of lhis kind . \Ve refer, of course, to the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade, which might and ought to be brought more into touch with our auxiliary forces. The members are now carefully trained in all the branches appertaining to the higher grades of first aid, they are regularly drilled on the same lines as their military brethren, and their sen'ices being constantly requisitioned for ambulance duty on the occasion of large public gatherings, they are thoroughly grounded in all details connected with the transport of the sick and injured. The Nur ~ing Sister, too, many of whom are actively engaged in district nursing, would proyc of the greatest possible assistance to the 1 ursing Sisters attached to the Army Medi.cal Department. Vve remember some years since that Lord \Volseley, referring to the inestimable value of the work of the St. John Ambulance Association, remarked -" One could not help thinking that the " t:me might one day arri"e \\"hen tht dire neces ityof

AID.

[February, 1895.

" war mig ht be seen on their own sh ores, even in the " centre of civilisation in which they now stood i and if " that time should ever arrive it would be of the greatest " advantage to have a number of men and women trained " in this valuable work, and able to offer to the Army " Medical Department their services, to act as nurses and "0rderlies in looking after the sick and wounded." \Vords like these, coming from such an eminent authority as Lord \Volseley, were regarded at the time as a grand tribute to the unselfish work carried on by the Association. Haying conducted and witnessed many of the large campaigns that have taken place in our own times, Lord Vvolseley knew full well the value of the services which are rendered by the Ambulance Corps, both regular and voluntary, during the progress and at the termination of 3. battle. Of course it will be argued that it is quite optional for members of the Brigade to join the Bearer Companies now being formed, but this would hardly meet the views of the Brigade as a whole. As at present constituted it is enabled to take part in civil functions, where its services are of the utmost value to the community at large. If enrolled under the prese nt system, that is, under the control of the 'Var Department, this duty would perhaps have to be foregone altogether, or would be largely curtailed. Cannot, therefor e, some scheme be de,·ised by the authorities wh ereby the Brigade can be incorporated so as to act as an adjunct to the regular or auxiliary forces? Many suggestions might be made whereby some such scbeme might be tried; but as we shall return to this subject at some later period we should be pleased to learn the views of our readers, both ciyil and military, many, no doubt, of whom haye at some time or another contemplated the probability of the services of the St. John Ambulance Brigade being utilised in connection with the National defence of our country. - -- : 0 : - - -

1Rotes By "TOURNIQUET." I HEAR that the long wished for Conference of the St. John Ambulance Brigade is coming off at last. It is to be at Northampton in the Old Council Chamber on the 9th of March. The sanction of the Order of St. John has now been obtained, and I hope that everybody will be pleased (especially lV[essrs. W oolston and Perry). .;..!

*" I HAVE seen the Agenda Paper, -with its formidable list of motions. " 'hat an amount of discussion there will be! Amongst the subjects set down are, uniform s, service badges, and long service medals, drill book, dale of camp, &c. Things are evidently moving in the Brigade, and somebody wants to speak. [should like to go, and I wonder if anybody will ask me. i.'

*" TIlE Benton Testimon ial Concert was very much like one of the concerts of the St. John Ambulance Brigade , from the number of ambulance men present, than that of a Salvage Corps. In the photograph on another page I see some well-known faces. The " Chief" is there with many of his officers. ~:,

7;,

,"$

I TH INK that" Hon. Dental Surgeon" Alberl (I a m not sure that I ha\-e got his title right) must be very popular in the corps to have been able to have got together such a following. - - - -:0: - - - V/ELLINGBORO '.-Ladies ursing Class--Two classes have been held, thirteen presented themselves for exam ination! 26 passed. len's Firs~ f\id Class-Eighteen presented themselves, rb passed.

February, I895.J

FIR S T

~ur ~ortratt ~aIIer\? JOHN FURLEY, ESQ., J.P. R. JOHN FURLEY, whose portrait appears in OLlr Gallery this month, hold a world-wide repu. ~ation as an authorit\· on all matters appertaining to ambulance work, both civil and military. Born at Ashford, Kent, in 1826, he wa educated at Harrow. It was originally intended that he should study the practice of th e law, but the strong inclination of his life was early shown, when, in 1854, during the Crimean 'Var, he volunteered for h ospital service in connection with the British tr oops. This offer was, however, not accepted, doubtless owing to hi s youth and in experience. Mr. Furley th en for some years turned his attention to hospital work in civil life, but in 1864 he sen"ed a short apprenticesh ip in connection with the Schleswig-Holstein campaign, and from this time his life bas been full of ad\"enture and hard work in most of the recent European campctigns. In the Franco-German vVar in 1870-71 h e served as Commissioner for the British National Aid Society, and was present at most of th e principal engagements. During the terrible period which occurred in P ari s under the Commune after the e\Tacuation by the Germans, Mr . Furley acted as Directo r of the Ambulallces rroiantes with tile French army, and entered the ciLy with th e first battalion that gained a footing within the walls, remaining with the troops during (he severe fighting which followed, and which lasted for more than a week. At the close of the Franco-German war Mr. Furley's name was placed on the list of nominations for the cross of Chevalier of the L egion c:i'Honneur, but after the taking of the Bridge of Neuilly by the army under Marshal ~'lacMahon, it was pointed out by Count de Flavigny, the President of the Red Cross Society, tbat in his own country Mr. Furley would haYe received that coveted decoration" tile Victoria Cross" for such splendid service as he had rendered, and the French GO\'ernment on this recommendation made him an officer of the Legion d'Honneur. At the same time the Versailles BI anch of the French Red Cross Society acknowldged his services, the President of the Committee writing to him as follows :-" Our Committee, which has been a " daily witness of your indefatigable and courageou de\" o" tion during the two sieges of Pari, has commissioned me "to present you in its name with a gold medal , as a feeble "expression of its gratitude and admiration for the " numerous services and the generous help you ba\"e gil'en " throughout these sad events." At the close of the war Mr. Furley acted as delegate for the Committee of th e French Peasant Farmer's Seed Fund in the four departments round Paris, and in this capacity was instrumental in relieving much of the terrible distress which followed as J result of the war. In 1874 we find him once more

AID.

to the front and working with the same untiring energy, this time as Ambulance Director with the Spanish army under the command of Marshal S errano , and subsequently with the Carlist troop. He was present at the battle of Estella, which lasted two days, and at the conclusion of the fight all the wOlmded of the Government troops were left in his charge for twenty-four hours. In [873 , in conjunction wilh Capt. R enwick, Mr. Furley was appointed a special commi sioner of the Mansion House Fund Committee for the relief of the sufferers from the inundations in the basin of the Garonne; and in 1876 he was appointed a spec ial commissioner by the British 1\ ational Aid Society to inspect and report upon ambulance transport arrangements, and to afford necessary assistance to the wounded in Montenea-ro during the Russo-Turkish war. Mr. Furley w~s one of the fir:5t to take part in the 1'01 unteer moyement, and in February, 1860, was gazetted Ensign in the Ashford Company of the East K ent Rifles, subsequently rising to the rank of Captain, resigning his commission in 1874. In connection with his volunteer sen"ice it may be of iuterest to mention that he acted as honorary secretary and one of the principal organizers of the I'isit of more than 2000 m embers of the Belgian Ciyic Guard to this cOUlltry in IS66, and on the visit of 1200 British "olunteers" to Belgium, he acted as Brigade-1\lc~or to Colonel Lloyd Lind -ey (now Lord \Vant age) ,,·ho was in command. In 1877, as a memb er of the Order of St. J ohn of J erusJlem, ),'fr. Furley, in conjunction with th e late Sir Edmund Lechmere and Colonel Dun can, wa one of the founders of the St. J oh n Ambulance Association, and there is no doubt that it was largely due to hi untiring zeal and genius, that it made such rapid progress and that its appliances are today recognized all over the \yor.ld as second to none. \Ve are pleased to note that thIS voluntary work has more than once been recognized, and 1\[r. Furley has received numerous diplomas and medals which attest the value of his inventi\'e genius. In 1883 Mr. Furleyorganized, in connection with this Association, the Im"alid Transport Sen"ice of which he was for many years the honorary secretary and manager. It ,,";:J.S originally intended for the remo"al of tl,e sick poor from or to their homes or to hospitals, but the excellence of the arrangements carried out under his direction soon attracted the attenti on of many of the leading medical men of the day, and at a Con ference held in 1834 it was unanim ou ly decided to support and extend the movement, and since then the service bas been utilised in connection with the removal to or from the Continent of many distinguished ilwalids, a proof of the confidence reposed in hi administration. The St. J oh11 Ambulance Brigade is also indebted to 1\1r. Furley for the warm interest h e took in its foundation; indeed, it was largely due to his personal popularity that the mOl'ement was a keenly taken up in the provinces! more particularly in the mining di trict . Did space but permit much more could be written which ,,"ould, we haye no doubt, be of interest to our readers. The character and life of such a man i one that appeals to every Briton, not only becau e we have a warm admiration for pluck and d dring, but also because we cannot fail to admire the generou un elfish nature which m1.1 t prompt one to run such risk, in order that human suffering may be allc\'iated. It is t ruly said that I, Peace hath her vicLOries as well as war,' and amongst those in the fore front the name of 1\1r. Furley must stand out, as one who has devoted many of the be t year of his life in a cJmpaign that is essent ially a peaceful one, e,'en if at times accompanied by the horrors and carnage of a battlefield. In his own county, at which he is a Justice of the Peace, he is de ervedly popular, and it

FIRST A I D

[February, 1895-

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was a graceful compliment to his native town when he named after it the Ambulance Litter which as "The Ashford" has made the name of the Kentish town kn own in all parts of the ,,,orId. That he may lon o' be spared to a sist in the further development of the (J'~ea t work which is so near his heart, is the earnest wish ~f all first-aiders. :0: - - --

1R urBeS'

(.to Iu111 n.

COOKERY FOR INVALIDS Al\D THE SICK. MCTTO>: OHops.- It is just possible that if medical advisers would give the matter a second thought, they would modify that perpetual order of" give the patient a mutton chop." There are few more objectionable goods in the meat line than a badly cooked mutton chop, and it is quite the exceptio~ to see them nicely cooked: They are greasy and the grease or fat IS strong flavoured . If burnt 111 the least they are bitter and distasteful, and if underdone or red in the centre they are most objectionable to delicate stomachs. If they are cooked too fast they are burnt outside and raw when cut, and if they are cooked too slowly they are sodden, insipid, and tough. It is a very difficult feat to cook a mutton chop \\'i~h an ordi.nary kitchen .sto \·e. To fry it , so to speak, or pot-broil It, as It IS called, IS to destroy It altogether. Toasted before the fire is better than frying, pro\'ided a dutch oven is used, the tin screen round the chop keeping off the cold air draught that supplies the fire and which interferes so considerably with the cooking by chillin a the side that is not being heated, and thus rendering the fibre hard a~d touah. The bone of a mutton chop is a great nuisance to a weak invalid ~nd tbe tail of fat. that a~companies .the ~ernel of meat is invar ia'uly cut off and left. It IS not hke~ b~ the II1val.ld any m?re t~an is the bone. \Vhy then are these t\\'o objectIOnable p1eces so lIwanably served with an ill\'alids' mutton chop? Instead of mutton chops let the doctor order mutton cutlets, and then proceed as follows :-Select from your butchers a piece of best end of neck . This is cheaper tenderer and less fat than the loin or chump, Instruct the butche;' to cut it' in to thin chops for cut lets, and he will know just exactly what you mtan . Take one of these and cut out the kernel, as it is called, the large round disc of meat that forms the " 'idest part of the chop. Trim off all skin and fat, 2nd pat both sides fiat with the broad blade of a kitchen or cook's knife. In a patty-pan put a tiny piece of butter about as large as a big pea, and when t~at bas melted and run o\'er the bottom of the pan, put 1!1 the meat, havlllg Just dusted lIghtly oyer the sides with the merest taste of 5<1.1t and put another piece of butter on the top. In sert another patty-pan O\'er the first and put the meat thus secured into a quick oven. On thecover patty-pan laya small square of very thin bread,not morethan a s.ixth of an inch thick . vYhen this bread is browning, by a dexterous qUlck action turn the pans over, a nd if done quickly noth ing will remain. Turn the bread. and replace i.t on the cover patty-pa n, and then keep your eye upon It to see that It does not more than take a light colour. The crusts cut off the thin slice of baked bread shou ld then be crushed to dust by rolling the rolling-pin or a bottle over it, and all will be ready to sen'e. Put the baked slice on a plate and let it be in the oven until the pl~te is hot enough to.sen'e. Take the meat out of the patty-pan and dab 1t IlltO the crushed brown crumbs, and then set it on the toast. Pour over the meat ~ny drippings that ~n ay be in the under pan, and serve Immedl~tely With a very sharp kmfe to cut it easily, for that is a :'er): good pomt to observe. If the meat cuts easily the patient reg.:..rds It Wi th more flavour. Granted that thIS mode of cookery entails some little troub~e, but ,,:hat is that compared with the importance of tempt in g the patient s appetite? I have never known thIS dish to fail. When the in.\·alid is a little advanced in conva.lescence, a small peeled mushroom, WIth the stalk cu~ close, melY be laId on the meat and kept uppermost after changes. 1 he meat should be turned at least four times say of "CHEF ROYAL." fi,'e minutes interval. DA.\'GERS 1:\ THE POCKET.-If the reports in several papers la st "'eek are to be credited, there may exist considerable danger of which the p,ublic ~hould be warned: in the act of carrying in the same pocket certam artIcles "hlch are 111 popular request, but which together, as would appear to have been demonstrated, may form a fire\\'ork ready to ., go off" on the slightest provocation. Thus it seems that the simultan~ou s occurrence of a safety matchbox and chlorate of potash lozenges III the same pocket led to a senes of small explosions, setting fire to the clothes of the unfortunate wearer and severely burning his legs. It is a well-.knOlI n fact in chemistry,of course, that red phosphor;usone of the constItuents of the safety matchbox rubber -com bines with the explosi\'e yiolence with chlorate of potash; but the possibility of such a re-action taking place in a persons pocket has not been foreseen although, on reflection, we easily see that in these materials there occu; twO powerful element~-oxy~e~ and phosphOJo~ls-\Yhich simply yearn, so to speak, to combll1e. 1hls effected, the In'ely combustion of the sugar of the !ozenge " 'ould follow as a logical but very unpleasant sequence. "hen, therefore, a chlorate of potash lozenge is placed in the 5<1.m.e pocke~ ~s the 5<1.fety .matchbox, the pocket is unwittingly converted II1to a mll1lature magazllle for fireworks, which, if they happen to " go off" cannot certainly be for anybody's " benefit." I n any case a person com!nits a ~reach of sanit~ry hw surely when he keeps ~o01.hing mendl('amentsll1 the uncongen Ial company of a 5<1.fety matchbox.

St. 30bn ambulance association.

AMBULA CE CLASSES IN P ADIHAM ROAD DIVISION. - The first lecture in first a id was given to a class of over thirty male students by Dr. Rowe, in St. Matthew's School, Piccadilly, on Friday evenin a February 1st. A class for ladies in first aid was commenced oo~ \Vednesday evening, February 6th, in Mitre Street School, Mrs. Ste\,enson, Hon. Sec., is conductor of the class. A class for first aid for males a11d females will commence very shortly at St. John 's Schools, Gannow. Drs. Crossley and Hodgson lespectively will be the lecturers. BIGGLESWADE.-At the recent First-Aid Exam ination held here on December loth by Dr. Carrick Steet, 22 presented themselves in the Men's Class and 2 I in the \Vomen's Class, all of whom passed. These Classes were held under the direction of the Technical Education Committee of the Beds. County Council, a small local committee having been formed to carry out the matter. The Lecturers were, for the :'lI en's Class, Dr. Wel sh, and for the \'\' omen's Class, Dr. Emmerson. \Ye hear two other classes ha\'e been formed under the same instructors. It is proposed to form a local centre. BRISTOL. EAST CENTRE.-On January 18th, 1895, an Ambulance DemonstratIOn was gl\'en by the" St. George Corps" at the Netham ChemIcal 'Works, St. George. O,'er a thousand hands are employed there, and one result of the demonstration is that over eighty men are no\~' undergoing.in struc.tion in "First-.-\id " (only 2 having given in theIr names prevIOus to ll) and they hope to have a good corps working soon. BURNLEY.-The General Annml ;\feeting of this corps was held in the Fire Station on Tuesday, Janmry 29th, the secretary reading the sixth annual report and balance ~heet, which showed the Stl ength of the cor p; to be 196 men, and 59 ladles. There are 18 stretchers and 4 litters and rugs kept in mrious parts of the town i~l readiness in case of accidents. Eight new ambulance boxes have been erected containin a the neces~ary material for rendering first aid, 2 others are ready fo~' fixll1g, and one will be placed in Pad ih am Road, near the front entr'~nce to the barracks. Five Hon. Surgeons, Dr. Sinclair, Padiham RO:ld detachment; Dr. Proudlo\'e, Burnley Lane detachment; Dr. Crossley La R ose Grove; Dr. Crump to Burnley Wood, and Dr. Whittam to Cen .. tral detachment were re-elected. During the year over 100 cases have been reported of accidents that have been attended to by memters of the corps, as follows; I S fractures (various), 5 C:l~e5 of insensiLility, 5 sprains, 36 cuts andwounds, and a large n um ber of a less serious nature. Stretcher and litter squads have been requisitioned on no less than 35 occasions to com'ey inj ured persons either to their homes or some institution se\'eral serious drowning cases have also been attended to. The balan~e sheet shows a balance in hand at the commencement of the year, £9 8s. lI d, but there was an old debt, contracted the previous year of £21 I8s. Sd. which brought about an adverse balance of £12 9s. 9d. The amount at the close of the year in the bank and treasurer's hands is £25 os. 4d. CLAPHAM.-First-Aid Classes for Ladies will be held in St. Mark's Mission Room, Battersea Rise, on Saturday Evenings, commencing l\lar~h 2nd, at Se\'en o'clock. The Lectures will be given by Dr. Edw111 SmIth, late House Surgeon and Demonstrator of Practical Surgery, St. Thomas's Hospital. Any lady wishing to join the Classes should send in her name at once to the Class Secretary Miss Law 135, Lavender Sweep, Clapham Common. " . CLITHEROE.-On January 24th Mr. T. Stark read a pa per on the blIth, battles and progress of the St. John Ambulance Association to the ~embe.rs of the above corps. The lecture was most in teresting, beginmng WIth a history of the Order of St. John from its foundation and tracing its career up to the present time. At the close questions were asked, and some conversation ensued, concluding with a vote of thanks to the lecturer. I pSWICH.-Mr. Lin g, of Saxmundham, condu cted examinations on January 24th. Seventeen Post Office employes presented them se lves of whom only two failed. They were in structed by Mr. A. T. Wood' to whom they presented a carriage clock in recognition of hi s kindness~ M r. IIoyland had also most kindly in stru cted a class at Station Street In stit ut~. Stoke, a ll being genuine working men. They all passed the examilia~lOn. The other classes both for men a nd women are well and regularly attended, and more work is constantly being thought of. KENTrSH TowN. - Through the instrumentality of Messrs. Howells and Grant, an ambulance class has been started on the fir m of C. and A . Daniels, of Kentish T own. The first L ect ure was on February 6th, r895, when IVIr. W. J. Church BraSIer, of the St. J()hn Ambulance Brigade was present. The class consists of 26 assistants of the firm which shows how fully the.y appreciate the op portun ity of going in fo; such a cause. Dr. Beaton IS the. Lecturer, and every member was pleased with the speech that he made 111 reference to the good cause of t he St. Joh n Ambulance Association. L EYTONSTONE.-On 26th January the presentation of an address and flower-stand \Vas made to Supt. W. T. Brooks on his re"ia;]ing the active work, and being appointed Hon. Supt. ~

February, 1895-~1

FIRST AID.

$t. 30bn ambulance :fBrigabe. PROVIl\'CIAL CORPS. BRISTOL EAST CE l 1: RE. -On January loth, under the auspices of the Broad Plain H ouse Corps, an interesting lecture on bones was given by Dr. G. Munro Smith, L.R.C.P., .\ LR. C.S ., to a large audience connectd with ambulan ce work. On February 1st, r895, the Broad Plain House Corps journeyed to Totterdown at the invitation of :'lIT. C. E. Beavis (who is forming a corpsat that place), an d gave a demonslration. ;vIr. S. Chambers, the Midland Railway agent at Blistol Joint Station . took the cha ir. The programme consisted of the different methods of treating hee morrhage, fractures, fainting, &c. A practical case of burning was aga in demonstrated, and a drown ing case concluded the proaramme. The Chairman thanked the corps for com ing to Totterdowll, ~nd invited them to demonstrate when their (Totterdown) corps had been completed. The Broad Pla in House '\Vomen's Class assisted in the bandaging. BURNLEY.-PADIHA:YI ROAD DlVTSION.- The annual meeting of this detachment was held at their headquarters, .\1itre Street School, on January 7th. ;VIr. 'W ilkinson subm itted the annual repon and balance sheet, which was considered s~llisfactory, and was accepted. The election of divisional officers then took place, the following gentlemen being elected for 1895 :-Senior Captain VV. H. Spencer, the Junior Captains :VIr. C. Owen and !\Ir. G. Morris, Divisional In spector of Stores Captain C. Owens, Secretary '\1r. 'William Atkins, and Treasurer Mr. Thomas Higham. HIGHAM FERRERs.-The members of the St. John Ambulance Class met at the Board Schools on vVednesday, 23rd January, when the election of officers was proceeded with. Alderman J. VV. Higgins was appointed superintendent and secretary; :VIr. A. O. Groome first officer, and Mr. J. Beetles sergeant and drill instructor. The Mayor, amid loud applause, intimated that Mr. Higgins had offered to make the class a present of a new telescopic stretcher. A vote of thanks was proposed by :'Ilr. Higgins to the Mayor for presiding, to Superintendents \Vool5ton and Hilton, also Dr. Crew. These were suitably acknowledged, each expressing the pleasure it gave to be present. H ULL.-The 9th Annual Conversazione of the Hull Corps of the St. John Amb~llance Brigade 'was held on the 17th January at the St. George's Ball, Ilull, and was attended by about 250 members and friend s. Mr. 1. II op per, C1\'. E. Railway), presided and was supported by 1\1r. R. Slater (treasurer), ;.\[r. R. C. Brewer (M idland Railway),chairman ofthe IIull Centre, Dr. J. Leith Waters (ex-chairman),Dr. Stothard, Dr. Denni son, Dr. Darwent, and several officers and nurses of the local hospitals. After a short programme of vocal and instrumental music and the performance of a dramatic sketch by Misses Spear and Brocklebank and Messrs . Smith and Naylor, the Mayor (Ald . C. Richardson) and Sheriff ('\1r. P. T. Crook), visited the H all and presented a silver inkstand to i\l r. J. French Thompson, H on. Secretary of the H ull Centre St. John Ambuhnce Association, on behalf of the members. In:ask ing the :.Y1ayor to make the presentation, Dr. J. Leith \"'-aters said ,\11'. Thompson was an enthusiast in ambulance work and had acted as hon. secretary of the Hull Centre since its formation \Iith conspicuous energy and uniform courtesy. The .\1ayor spoke of the usefulness of the instruction given at the classes in first aid now regularly held in the town, and said he remembered immediately before he came to the Con versazione last year, an accident happened to one of his own children, and he was pleased to say a member of his own family was able on that occasion to render efficient first aid. He knew Mr. Thompson was heart and s?ul in thi s work and he had made an active, energetic and conscientIOUS secreta ry. lIe had therefore great plea sure in handing the present to Mr. Thompson and hoped he would long live to enjoy the esteem of the ~ubscribers. The Sheriff followed in a few appropriate remarks with speCIal reference to the recent public meeting addressed by Sir A. K. Rollit wh en he was first made acquainted with the particulars of the noble work of the Association. Mr. Thompson in responding sa id he WIshed to use just those expressions which would best convey the feelings of the greatest gratification and the sincerest gratitude, but his tona ue was an unruly member that evening and he assured them he felt m~ch more than he could say. He was proud of hi s connection with the !\mbulance movement in Hull; he attended one of the first classes of mstruction g iven in Hull; he was one o f the committee of the Hull Ambulance Association from its formation, and was han. sec. of that body when it was decided to become affiliated with the St. John Ambulance Brigade as the Hull corps. He was one of the deputation that waited upon the then Mayor in 1888 to induce him to arrange for the formation of a local centre of the association, and, since such formation seven years ago, had been one of the hon. secretaries; he was howeverprouder still to say that during the whole of thi s period he had rece ived nothin g but kind support and co urte sy from his fellow workers, and, although their op inions ~ad often widely differed, they had never passed the borders of dissent mto the territory of personal bitterness and dislike; and this he men-

tioned only to assure them that the greater his interest in the work and the greater his respect of his colleagues, so much the greater did he appreciate and val ue the honour they had that evening conferred upon him. The performance of his duties under these circumstances had been a pleasure and he had always felt he could commend the objects of the association alike to rich and ,poor, high and low; for in first aid they in clined to no fad and trespassed upon no one's principles, but appealed equally to Conservati ve and Liberal, Teetotaller and Publican, Capi talist and Trades Unionist. In conclusion Mr. Thompson expressed his pleasure that his efforts had been counted worthy of so handsome an acknowledgment, and assured those present the inkstand would be treasured by his family to the third and fourth generation To those whose kind thought for him had suggested and arranged the testimonial, to the subscri bel'S one and all, to his colleague Dr. Milburn, to whom a large share of credit for the success of the local centre was due, to the ~f ayor for hi s presence at some personal inconvenience, and patronage on other occasions, and to all present for their kind reception, he tendered his best thanks from the ground of his heart. After partaking of refreshments, dancing was indulged in, and a yery pleasant evening was spent. ROCHIJALE.- The month of January has been a busy time for this corps on account of the snow and slippery state of the streets. They haye been called upon to render ftr~t ~lid to a large number of accidents, including a number of broken legs. The Borough Police have also done good sen'ice. The horse ambulance carriage has been called out IS times during the month for active service, this is manned by the police antI fire brigade men, \\'ho are all certified ambulance men . The ambulance carriage is kept at the central fire station and can be turned Out and off to the accident in 20 seconds. The corps have also attended Hollingworth lake, with hospital tent, ice balls, ropes, and all appliances in case of accident. A ladies' division of the corps has been formed during the month. \VELLI,'l GBOl<O' CORPs.-On \\'edn esday, 2nd January, Surgeon~-Iaj or Hutton examined a nursing class which had been attended by 2.~

men of the headquarters division. \Ve ha\'e received the result and 22 men hal'e sllcces<;fully passed; Hon. Chief Surgeon Audland was the lecturer. During the month 9 cases have been reported as serious, and about a dozen sl ight cases. The Transport Service conveyed 5 cases to the infirmary, and -t to their own homes. This department of the corps has twice been called to make night journeys with the horse ambulance during the past month, on each occasion with rorlds covered with ice and 20 degrees of frost; on the last occasion the cold was so severe that the driver on arriving back at headquart~rs had to be lifted off the box . On J anuary 21st an entertainment was given in aid of the corps. The new list for placing in factories and public buildings of acti,'e and reserve men (over 100) belonging to the headquarters di\'ision have just been issued. [On account of the great pressure on our space, we are reluctantly compelled to omit many reports.]

- - - :0: - - - -

~t. ~ni)l'£bJ'~ ~nlfJulance ~%~(lciation. GLASGOW. -The closing meeting of the St. Enoch Station Ambulance Class was held for the plll'pose of presenting the successful members wi th the medallions and certificates of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association. There was a large attendance, and amongst others present were Mr. D. Cooper , general manager j :'IIr. Smith, sta1.ionmaster j and Drs. G. Roy Fortune and Sutherland, and several ladies. Mr. Cooper, who presided, referred to the very gratifying success that had attended the class during the course of the lectures now brought to a close. Dou?tless this ~\'as largely owing to the admirable teaching and demonstratIOns of .thelr le cturer, Dr. Fortune, \\'hom he had special pleasure in congratulatlllg on the fact that in the recent examination by Dr. Pollok, every member of the class \\'ho had presented himself for examination, had made the necessary pass. ~[rs. Evans then presented the medallions and certifi cates, after which Mr. Em!1s presented Dr. Fortune WI th four volumns of standard medical \yorks toaether "'ith gold mounted umbrellas for him self and Mrs. Fortune.' D~. Fortune ha\'ina suitably acknowledged the valuable gifts, '\1r. Smith presented ~rajo";. vVood, who had assisted Dr. Fortune in the practical work of the class with a valuable souvenir of his connection with the class. InterestinC: addresses of an appreciati ve character were then delivered by Dr. Suthe1': land and Mr. Laurie, secretary. A vote of thanks, moved by Dr. Fortune, to the chairman, terminated the proceedings. BRECO.-Dr. M'Arthur of Blackford has opened a class in the public school. As only a limited number can join the class, intending members are requested to give in their names as early as possible to the secretary Mr. William Bayne, Postmaster. We are pleased to hear that Lord Provost Bell of Glasgow has kindly agreed to give a donation of £5 towa~ds the purchase of the apparatus a nd appliances necessary for the carrymg on of such a class.

FIRST AID. dJire ;lGrtnab'e jPlote~.

(!Co t're~ponbence.

WE understand that a member of the Tunbridge Wells Fire Brigade is responsible for placing on the market a new stretcher which should command a ready sale amongst ambulance firemen, as it is capable of being placed in a small compass, and is therefore easily carried on a manual or hose cart. 'lYe shall give fuller particulars next month. 'lYE are glad to find that first aid work continues to make strides among firemen. The Chief Supt. is still waiting for names to complete his register. This he is anxious to do before the annual meeting of the union. Cannot, therefore, chief officers send in their lists \\'ithout delay? : 0 :---

We do not necessa1r z'ly zdentz'fj ourselves wz'tlz the mews lzeld by our corresjoudents.

1RatIwa\? tllllbulance. OF CERTIFICATES TO G.E.R. RAILWAY MEN .-

PRESENTATlO~

On Saturday, January 26th, 1893, a Concert and Dramatic Entertainment took place in the Oxford House Club Hall (by kind permission of the Rev. A. F. W. Ingram). The chair being taken by Chief Supt. 'IV. J. Church Brasier, after a few songs had been sung, an Ambulance Competition took place under the direction of Supt. W. Boddy (Oxford House Division), and First Officer H. Stratton (Bethnal Green G.E.R. DiYision), resulting in a win for the Oxford H ouse, after which Lady Supt. W. J. Church Brasier kindly presented certificates to about 40 Railway men from Fenchurch Street and Bethnal Green. Chief Supt. W. J. Church Brasier acted as judge, assisted by Qtmr. W.H.Morgan. There was also present SUpt. Forsey i Supt. Sec. Edwards; Second CJfficer Kimber; Mr. Randall, Station Master, Bethnal Green; l\Ir. Cole, Station 2I1aster, Bishopsgate; 21[1'. Hill, Hon. Sec., G.E.R. Ambulance Corps; Staff Sergt. Jones, Toynbee Hall Division; Staff Sergt. Jones, Oxford House Division. A Comic Drama entitled" Good for Nothing," given by the Oxford House Dramatic Society, brought a yery pleasant evening to a close. : 0 : _ _ __

i1EJrtll @rbet'%. ST. JOHN A:\IBULANCE BRIGADE. BARKrNG DIYISION.-List of Drills at Town Hall, during February r895·-Drills commence sh:lTp at 8 p.m. Thursday, February 21st: Squad and Bearer Co. Drill; Thursday, February 28th, Roller Bandage and Ambulance \Vork; Thursday, March 7th, Triangular Bandage and Ambulance \Vork; Thursday, March Lj.th, Squad and Bearer Co. Drill . \-OLUNTEER At.IBULAXCE SCHOOL OF !l\STRGCTIOl . Pl'l!sident-:"lajor Andrew l\laclure, V.D . Course of Lectures to be delivered at the headquarters of the Queen's \iVestminster R.V., James Street, Victoria Street, S.\V .-Saturday, February 23rd., The Lungs and Respiration, at 4.30 p.m. Thursday, February 28th., The Treatment of the Apparently drowned; Burns and Scalds, at 7.30 p.m. Thursday, !-.hrch 7th, Fractures and Dislocations and their Treatment, at 7.30 p.m. Thursday, March 14th, The Causes and Treatment of Insensibility, at 7.30 p.m.

--------:0;--------

jJldu lEnbentton~.

E have just seen Messrs. Reynolds & Branson's" Bandaae Shoot," and we have much pleasure in bringing it before the notice of our readers. IVe understand that since its introduction it has been a great success. The medical press have been universal in praise of it, and the medical profession speak highly of its porto'lbility and cleanliness. As will be seen by the description gi ven more fully in our advertising columnsit takes up little or no room, and can therefore be hung in any prominent position in a hospital, factory, or railway station, and the first-aider called to an accident can easily unhook it from off the wall, and will find all the necessary requi sites for treating either a simple or a serious accident ready to hand. VVecongratulatethe manufacturers and wish them all the success which their clever invention deserves MESSRS. HATRICK & CO., Ltd" 31, Snow Hill, Holborn, are the London Agents. I

NOTICE. This. Journal will be published on or about the 15th of the month. Adverllsements (for terms see cover) and contributions should be sen t in by the loth at the Iat:sl, but by the 8th to ensure in:ertion.

FIRST AID •

[ February, I895.

BULLET WOUNDS OF THE BRAIN. To THE EDITOR OF "FIRST AID." SIR,-Recent investigations in the above-mentioned injuries have pointed out the fact that in the more rapidly fatal cases the patient as a rule dies from asphyxia, due to shock to the respiratory centres in the brain. Under these circumstances it wou ld seem advisable to combine with the other first-aid remedies the immediate performance of artificial respiration.-I am, Sir, yours faithfully, A.M.C. [Perhaps our correspondent has not noticed that the question in last month's issue was a "catch" question, and its wording being somewhat obscure, enabled us to give the answer already statcd. 'Ve are obliged to ~-\. 211. C., and hope that all first-aiders will observe.-ED.]

JOURNAL

No. 9.- VOL. r.

DEVOTED TO AMBULANCE W'ORK

[Entered at Stationers' Hall.]

MARCH. r895.

PRICE ONE PE\1 i\Y.

PROPOSED EXTEI SIOx' OF AMBULANCE \YORK. To THE EDITOR OF "FIRST AID." DEAR SIR,-I have read very carefully the letter published in your January numberfrom Supt. Thorpe,EarlsBarton Division, Northampton Corps, but I confess I am at present quite unable to fall in with his suggestions. I, like your correspondent, am very anxious for the usefulness of the St. John Ambulance Brigade to be" extended" as much as possible, but I think its work lies in the rendering of efficient first aid to the inj ured, and the skilful remo\-al of such or any other cases, infectious ones excepted. I may say that this is specially mentioned in the rules of our corps. rt is distinctly understood ,\'e do not touch infectious cases, and, if I am not mistaken, this rule applies to the brigade generally. I am much pleased to see that Supt. Thorpe wishes to " go a-head;" so do I, but for various reasons J think infectious cases should be dealt with by the local authorities, whose duty it is to give them every attention. I think rules should be issued from head quarters that would apply to all corps, with power to add other rules specially adapted to local circumsk'lnces. I feel sure that the brigade as a whole would be benefited by such a course, and our worthy chief might be appealed to in case a dispute should at any time arise, his decision to be final. I enclose a copy of our rules.-I am, Sir, yours faithfully, C. HE.-\THCOTE, Sup!. Windord Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade. ANSWERS TO CORRESPO -DENTS. IOPNA would like to know if the Decoration of Honorary Serving Brother of the Order of St. John takes precedence, or is equal in rank to, that of Honorary Associate. [We really do not know, perhaps some one of our readers may be a ble to give the desired information.-ED.] B. L. Price, Neath.-Very sorry, but your communication was crowded out. All our correspondents who have supplied us with news, cuttings, &c., we heartily thanked.

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS Will be paid to the Representatives of the purchaser of FIRST AID in case of death as provided below, by The Sickness and Accident Assura.nce Associa.tion, Ltd . Head Office :-2+, YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH. London Office :-64, MOORGATE STREET LONDON, E.C. To whom notice of Claims under the following can' ditions must be sent WITHIN THREE DAYS. Applicable to Passenger Trains in Great Britain & Ireland. ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by the above Insurance Company to the Legal representatives of any person killed by an accident to the train in which ~h~ deceased was an ordinary passenger, or who shall have been fatally 1I1Jured thereby, should death result within 24 hours after such acciden t. Provided that at the time of such accident the person so killed or fatally injured was the owner of FIRST AID for the current month, containing this Coupon legibly signed with his or her usual signature in ink or pencil, both time and signature being of the essence of the contract.

£1 0D

81gtlatul'e ............................................................................................................................... .

Addl'fJSS ................................................ ................................................................................... . This Insurance is limited to one Coupon to each holder, and is llot invalidated by any Insurance with this or any other Accident Company, It is subject to the ordinary conditions of the Association's Accident Policies, and is in force from midnight, 15th Fepruary, 1895, until , midnight, 15th March, r895.

Printed for the PrOpl'letors by W. J. GOODE, 88, Clerkenwell Road, ami publ!rhed by ALA...'1 P .HM l:R !lOll RU:D, at 11. Ludgate Rill, ~;.V

THE PARIS AMBULANCE SERVICE-A STREET ACCIDENT. This biDet ol'iginally appeal'ed in the Daily Gf·aphie.

~be tlmbulance Service of ~aris. BY CHIRURGUS. EJ NG in Paris some short time sin ce, I was requested by the Editor of FIRST AID to find out all the particulars about the Paris Ambulance Service, with which request I gladly complied. I obtained an introduction to Dr. IIenri Nachtel, and soon found that it. was owing to his perseverance and industry that the Ambulance erVice, or "Ambulance Urbaine," to use the French expression, has been established in France. In r879 Dr. Nachtel was in New York on a scientific mission and saw the ambulance system at work in that city; he Was so impressed with it that on his return in r880 he read a paper before the French Academy of Medicine, describing it with some modifications. As a result of this a Committee was formed, which issued a report in February, 1881, recommending it to the Minister of the In terior. It was in 1884 before another move was made, and then a Committee of 100 members was formed, and on the 2nd June, 1888, the" Ambulance

Urbaine" was inaugurated at the Opera House, and 1\1. Jules Simon made a speech supporting the movement. Since that time it has been in active working order, going on in the same lines on which it was started. It is not at present carried on by the Municipality, but the money required to keep it Lip (£1,000 a year) is obtained by subscriptions and contributions, supplemented by a subvention of £+00 a year from the Government. Up to the present the service on ly covers six of the arrondissements into which Paris is divided (:tbout one sixth of the whole capital), but it is hoped that in time the whole of the city will be included. The population of these six arrondissements is about 500,000. The service consists of a Director-General (Dr. ]\"achtel) without salary, two doctors on duty at one time (alternating with other doctors), various assistants, four carriages with drivers kept at the St. Louis IIospitalone horse and carriage being always kept harnessed ready to start out when called. For the purpose of this service a special system of telephonic" postes" has been laid down in the districts which it covers. These" postes," or calling stations, are thirty in number, and are placed

FIRST AID.

chiefly at chemists' shops, and communicate direct with the Hospital \liLhout going thlough the exchange, so that no time is lost when a call is receil'cd for Lhe ,lJllhulance caniage. Dr. Nachtel says it C~lll reach the scene of accident "iLhin se l'en minutes from the time the call is made. This service is only for accidents and sudden illnesses, not for fever cases. I was taken by Dr. Nachtel to the St. Louis Hospital, and shown the details of the system. On arriving we found that the carriage had just returned after having taken a drunken man to the hospital, and while we were talking the telephone bell rang, calling the carriage out again. The carriage is something like those used by the St. John Ambulance Association, but seems larger inside, the dimensions being 6-ft. It-in. long and 4-ft. s~-in. wide. Only one stretcher can be placed in at a time. There is a shelf [or bottles, &c., and a seat for the assistant, \\'ho goes (unaccompanied) with the carria~e .. \\'hat strikes one most as being rather strange is the stretcher, IIhlch IS made of a strong framellork covered by osier twigs ("ith no canvas), with depressions for the head, trunk, and each leO', thus corre~ponding roughly with the shape of the body. Dr. Na~htel maintall1s that a stretcher made of this material is superior to one made of canvas, being lighter (weighing only 35 lbs.), and easy to wash if soiled by mud, &c., and easily repaired if damaged. The one r saw had been in use, I was informed, for six years. There is a O'ood deal to say in its favour, but, of course, it could not be used for ma~chinO' with, and looks somewhat clumsy. The assistants who go out are'" not, I belie\'e, qualified medical men, but have been specially instructed in the work. The carriage and stretcher together cost £120. The average number of calls a day is about seven and the total number in a year is about 2,200. It seems that this ambulance service is doinO' a good. work effectively, owing, in a great measure, to the splendid t~ie phOniC system (somewhat analogous to our fire alarm posts) which enables the message to be recei\'ed at the station in a very few minutes after the accident. A special report is made of each case on a form proVIded for that purpose, and on casually taking up one J noticed that the. messa~e was. received at 10.55 a.m., the carriage left at 10.58, arnved a.t Its destmation at 11.10, left there at 11.20, and returned to the hospItal at I r AO. The case was a stranO'ulated inO'uinal hernia ' particulars were given of the addre~s , &c. To m~ . .. k patient's name ' ~O'e 0' It was most Il1teresLmg to now how ambulance work is done in Paris, and ~y thanks are due to Dr. Nachtel and his assistants for the courtesy and kmdness shown to me whilst making inquiries. Since the abO\~e artic!e. wa.s written I have learnt that on the sth February the Pans ~lul1lclpallty took over the Ambulance Urbaine and adopted it, carrying it on under the same conditions. The transfer took place under the Presidency of Baroness :\lohrenheim in the presence of a r;umel:ous cO.mpany assembled at the Opera House. M. Jules Simon p:lId a Just tnbute to the lasours of Dr. Nachtel whom he described as the real fo,under of urban ambulances, and thanked all who had taken any share 111 the movement. I als? am informed that the Oity has enga.ged to set up two new posts llke the one at St. Louis Hospital, and 111 course of tIme further developments will take place.

WE learn from the Daily Telegraph that the late M. Worth of Paris City III 1870. Among the wreaths at hIS funeral was one inscribed" AM. ch. F. 'W orth : un Blesse de Soixante-dix "sent evidently by one who had been I1llrsed in the Ambulance which'was o;O'anised d~ring the war at NO.5, Rue de la Paix . 0 ~who was born in Lincolnshire) esta~lished an Ambulance in that

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!JDebicaI 1Rotes. A~ old saying runs to the effect" That the stomach should be able to .dlge~t whatever the teeth can masti cate." There is much truth in t~IS say~ng, hence too much attention c.1.nnot be bestowed to the teeth. 1< or theIr preservation much care is necessary. Frequent cleansing and penod~c Il:spectlon by a compet~nt dent.ist are the best and only means of pl~\entlllg the maIn dental dIsease -Improperly called caries. . It IS n?t .generally known that ~aries or decay is the outcome of germ lIfe, and It IS towards the destructIOn of these microscopic limits of life tha~ the successful treatment of the teeth are directed. Vv'ith this object antIseptIc tooth powders and antiseptic mouth washes should be used as frequ~n.tly. as p~s~ible ... The following will be found useful :_ ~ Pulv. ACldl fannlCI 31l, ~ulv. lrid. ~ad 3 j., Pulv. Quin S~lp. gr. xx., Pulv. Oretae. Preclp. ad 3 I)., Ess. Gerani q: s: Mlsce; ft. p~lv., The Tooth..Powd~r. ~r Lavand 3 iv., Sodce Biborat gr. x., Sp . I3-ect. ad 3 IJ. Mlsce p. loti p.a.a. A teaspoonful to be plal:ed 111 a wl11e glass of water. The moutb to be rinsed occasionally !n addItion to the~e, floss si.lk passed between the teeth after meals, or if Impr'lctl~able a qUIll toothpick-on no account should a metal one be used-mil also be found ~en'iceable, NIMMO.

[ March , 1895.

<tonference motes By "TOURNIQUET." THE St. John Ambulance Brigade haye had their Conference. There was a certain difference of opinion shown, but I think everybody is pleased tbat the initial step has been taken to bring the corps more in touch with each other.

"" "" ;¥.

OF course I was present as a VISItor, for the Chief ruled me out of order as a delegate. [am a First-aider but not having been enrolled in any corps in the Brigade, I was delegated to the cross benches. ,'(,

i(.

I ALMOST wished that London could have had the honour of the first Conference held in connection with ambulance work, but fa iling this I was" both hands up" for Northampton, for in the Borough abound innumerable relics and associations connected with the Grand old Order of St. John.

"" ,y."" IT was not to be expected that perfect unanimity would prevail in the deliberation on that tremendous agenda, but speaking as a casual observer I could not help noticing the apparent want of knowledge shown by many of those present as to the actual principles and questions invol ved. In some instances it was something like this. Superintendent- - held up his hand, either against or for any particular item on the Agenda, and straightway his neighbours right and left did ditto.

;¥.

I DON'T grumble, whatever the Chief does is thorough. IIe is a stern disciplinarian and rules the rules, but I could not help wondering why some gentlemen who" signed up" with me were permitted to vote when I was not allowed to do so. At any rate I have learned a lesson. I shall at once get enrolled and I hope obtain the necessary position to entitle me not only to vote but to speak on any subject that may come before a future Conference.

""'*'""

IN common with the other First-aiders present I wish to pay a special compliment to the action of the Commissioner as a Chairman. [t is well-known that he has been a thoroughly bral'e British soldier, but j think that even Ambulance men who know him so well and honour him for his kindly and courteous nature were surprisetl to find him making the model Chairman that he did. He maintained the sca les of justice with an equal poise, and all present must admit that on any motion his ruling was at all times fair. As a First-aider r am proud of the Commissioner, and I am certain that the enthusiasm with which the vote of thanks was passed by a large representative mee ting was a spontaneous burst of loyalty to a gallant soldier whom the Brigade are proud to acknowledge as their leader. -;;.

A SPECIAL meed of praise should be awarded to Superintendent Secretary Edwards. The arduous duties entailed by the Conference hav~ been car~'ied out in a manner that reflects the highest possible credit upon thiS gentleman, and I feel sure that everyone in the room felt pleased that so young an Ambulancier -or should I say First-aiderhad so thoroughly grasped the importance of the Conference as affecting Ambulance work in the future.

*>y."" OF course I visited the boys at their" put up," Franklin's Hotel. Bythe· bye, they had been defeated on many points they had so much at heart, b.ut as is usual with the Metropolitan Corps they were by no means Sick. Unfortunately I had to leave by an early train and could not therefore stay to see the finish of what I am certain was'a red letter day in the annals of the ambulance world. I was pleased to see the g~nuine enthusiasm with whi~h Superintendent Edwards was greeted on hiS ~eturn to. the hotel by hIS comrades of the Metropolitan Corps. I predIct for thIS gentleman a very big future in connection with first aid work. -;;.

'*'

;¥.

I AM sure the Brigade as a whole will unite with me in a h earty vote of thanks to our comrades in Northamptonshire for the very careful and complete arrangements they had made for the holding of the Conference in Ye An~ient Boro' of Northampton. !he good old county of Northamptonshlre has alway~ taken a leadlllg put in the promotion of Ambulance work.. and It has proved that the interest roused up by such men as ChIef SuperIntendents Perry and 'Voolston is still maintained.

."111.

>y. 'i(.

ONE thing I should like to know: why this dead set on the part of some officers at their brother officers of the Metropolitan Corps? 'i(.

"TIlE poor old Chief" looked terribly sick for the moment when they sat upon his drill book, but as is usual with him, soon recovered his wonted equanimity. i(. ,y. ""

IT was very strange that although many of these Provincial gentlemen objected to Imperial, or rather Headquarter's government, as opposed to local" home rule," at lunch time they were waiting in the corridors to obtain from" the Chief" information and in struction upon man y a knotty point that they had found impossible to settle. This brings home the contention of many well-wishers of the Brigade that" the Chief" should go about more amongst our Provincial Corps, with the object of obtaining the uniformity which was so strongly pressed on Saturday but which a short-sighted policy prevented many of the delegates from adopting. -l(.

oj(. oj(.

By-the-bye, who really was chairman? For the good government of future Conferences, J would suggest that no one except the chairman ~\nd the two secretaries should be seated on the dais. :'1etropolitan Surgeons,-next year the Conference comes to London-take the hint and don't follow a bad example. % 'K,y.

I WAS deeply grieved to hear an lIon. Surgeon, when seconding a motion, pay a gratuitous in~ult to railway men, when he described them as "being unable to grasp the details of drill became they possessed ?nly ordinary intelligence ." The general experience of those interested 1I1.ambulance "york is that some of our smartest First-aiders, whether at dnll or ambulance instruction, are railw'Ly men, guards, shunters, firemen, porters, and others.

'*'*""

How greatly many of the railway men present resented this was evitlent from the remarks of the two following speakers, and I am only sorry that it was not more generally taken up. I t was rather rough on the doctor when two provincial speakers reported that they had hd3 under instruction, and whose ages ranged from ten to fifteen years, not only going through the drill but carrying- it out in a manner that reflected upon them the highest possible credit. ""

'i(.

THE duties of the Assistant Secretary, (Superintendent Winny) must not be overlooked. In this gentleman, Superintendent Edwards has a most loyal and energetic colleague, and it was generally remarked by everyone at t~e Conference ~ha~ the calm and business-like way these gentlemen carned out the dutIes 111 connection therewith augered well for the conduct of future Conferences if left in their hands. ~,

FIRST

March, 1895.J

-J(.

I REGRET to .learn that the Church Parade was marred by a steady downpour of ram. Those however who attended are loud in their praise of the eloquent sermon delivered by Canon Teignmouth Shore. He was in his best form and his text" Bear ye one another's burdens" seems to me to come with a singular appropriateness at the present season,\\ hen ~he wage earners of Northampton are entering with so light a heart Into a struggle, the issue of whi ch no one can see , but the results of which must be for those nearest· and dearest to them most deplorable. We can but hope that even now better counsels will prevail and the struggle will be but of short duration. ' "" 'If-I?

ROCHDALE is doing well. acquisition.

Ambulance boxes will be a grand -K

>f.

GOOD old Doncaster-you may depend upon it that" the Chief" has Laken you: words t? he~rt, and if" t'owd boy" can possibly get dowll there nothll1g WIll give hIm greater pleasure than to inspect the welldrIlled railwaymen under your command. -J..'

I w ~s gla~ to n.ote as a proof of the prominent position that Ambulance work I~ takll1g III our every day municipal aad socia l life, that his Worship .the Mayor c~me forward to recognise our hum1.nitarian work. IllS we~come, whIch was ext~nded to deleg.1.tes and visitors alike, was that of a killdly courteous EnglIsh gentlennn.

7(. :'(.

AMON~ST th~. faces of good all round ambulance men I was pleased t? ~OtlC~ In additIOn to those I have already mentioned, Dr. Trimble, Cluef Constable Dereham, Dr. Milburn, Mr. French Thompson, l\Ir. DaVIes, Mr. lIeathcote, Mr. Cartlidge, and Mr. Ingham.

A I D.

WHO'S A - - ? Where art thou?

* ~~ ;¥.

VERY truly yours, W.P.vV., Chelmsford. writes :- " I am all unrest to-day thinking of you folk at Northampton." I trust our friend had a quiet Sunday, and has now recovered. lIe is a good sort and first aid work is likely to make progress and run (as does the Chelmer) with the influence of this' local light.' 'If -l(.

" THE Concert Committee of the Metropolitan Corps has the pleasure to announce that a Bohemian Concert in aid of the Brigade Band Fund will.be ~iven at the Holbom Town Hall on Thursday, March 21St. The chaIr wdl be taken at 8 p.m. precisely by Edwin Freshfield, Esq., LL.D. (Receiver-General of the Order o[ the Ho spita l of St. John of Jerusalem in Engl~nd.)" So reads the notice. Now boys, II up and be doing," mak.e thIS concert a bumper. A grand programme has been prO\·ided. Ladles are especially invited. Tickets maybe obtained at Headquarters or at FfRST Am Offices, price 2S., IS., and 6d. -------- :0:------

1Rurses' <tOIUI11tl. COOKERY FOR Ii'iVM_TDS , \~D TTIE SICK. BEEF BO UILLON.-This is \'e~'y much more savoury than beef tea, and can ?e made any strength and 111 any quantity to keep ready for use. !t wl.ll be found. superior in flavour to Liebig's extract and by no means mfel'lor to BovnL Chop up some lean beef (rump steak for preferellce) as finely as it can be minced; du st it II ith salt and put it into a blo:ld shallow pan (fry-pan or stew-pan), and CO\'er it with water. Let this cook unti l so much of the water has e\'aporated as to lea\'e a rich cream on the bottom of the pan . . Be very careful not to let this burn, usi ng therefore a low heat. ThIS can be scraped up and put into a wilie mouthed bottle or pr, al:d when .,\anted for use, pour boiling water 011 it and stram through musl1l1, warmmg again before serving. Invalids \\ill not care for beef tea made in the ordinary way after this. "CHEF ROYAL."

-------- :0 :-------ST. JOHN AMBULANCE AS ~OC IATI ()1".-RoCHI)"LE CE7\TRI·.The committee and corps of this centre of the 8t. Juhn Ambulance Association have just issued a special appeal for funds to enable them to carry on their work . In this cil cular they review the work of the corps sinc~ its for~nation eighteen monl hs ago, and state what they pUIp,ose dOlUg proVIded the necessary support from the public can be obtaIned. There are now over seventy certific1ted membll'S of the corps, divided into thlee sections, VIZ., CastlLton, Spolland, and Wardleworth, each section bting in command of a captain of the diStrict, 'J ~e members are drilled once a \vlek, and th ey have to und ergo an eXall1lllatlOn annually to prove their efficiency. ~ections of the corps are told off regula rly to a ttend CI icket and football matches, and also for duty at any other places or occasions wl'e re accidents are likely to occur. Tbe corps has a lready fi"ed a number of ambulal'ce boxes in valious parts ?f tbe borough. These boxeb con.t ain a full equipment of bandages, spltnts and plastel, and Ihey are a vaIlable to mem oer, (If the corps, m~dical men, and police officers. They have already been of great serVIce. T~e ~Oml11 l ttee are deSIrous of increasing the I1UlllbcI of boxes and of fUll11shmg each of tlte three ectiolls \I ith an ambulal~ce litter for the cOLveyance of injulfd persons in urgent cases. It IS further int.ended to obtain mill and worksbop owners' pelmis;ion to place a .pnnted l ist of members of the corps in tvery mill and workshop . glVlllg the names and .addresses of members and the pbces II here they. a~'e emp~oyed, so that I~ ~ases of accident no time may be lost in obtall1ll1g assistance for the Il1Jured. It sho u!d be borne in mil,d th at the work of the corps and o~ every member is dOlie volull tarily. The expens es, however, are conSiderable, hence the present appea\. FUt,T NEWCASTLE El'GI 'EERS' AMBULANCIT CLAss.-The last of the series of lectures on ambulance work to Ihe men of the 1St ewcastle Engineers was delivered on Wednesday night by ~ urgeon-Col O1 el Cook at the headquarters of the reglll.ent, Banas Bridge. In these lectures Surgeon Cook bas traversed the whole \If the human flame and explained its construct ioll, its pal ts and its olgans, and describecl the functIOn s of those parts and org.ans. The cOllduding lecture \,\ as devoted to the formation uf the tls,ues, the n erves and the al terics and the way i~ which t.hey \, ere built up and sust~ined by nutt itlOn'. ~t the ~oncluslOn of hiS .lecture pI'. Cook said he had taken great Interest III tbe class, and It had given hIm great pleasure to give instructIon to the men who had attended them. 11 e must say that he had never bad a more attentIve class dUlIllg all the year" lIe had aiven instruction in ambulance WOI k, and he ho~ed the result of the :xaminatlOn would be s~tisractory. Colonel I'al mel saiu he was sure they must all f~el thfl:t theIr thanks were due to Dl. Cook anti staff for Ihe abJe way m whlc~ the lectUles had been conducted. The ambulance cla~s deserved theIr sympathy and support. Dr. Cook W.1S the first to begin these cla~ses in this pal t of the country, some twenty-five years ago c.nd dunng all tho~e yeals he had devoted himself to the wo~ k'. (Applause.) A cordIal vote of thauks was pas:;ed to Dr. Cook who, in reply, said the work was to him a labour of love. '

FIRST AID. T O OUR R EADE R S . ' Ve must ap?logise to our readers [or our late appea rance thi s mon th , we fe.el t hat th Is apology will be accepted when we sa.y it is owin g to the Il1cre:lsed w?rk entailed by a desire to produce a thoroughly readable a nd relIab le account of the proceedin as at the Conference of the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade. b

As it is our most earn est wish and desire to mak e this Journal as a ttr~cti~e as possible, we beg correspondents in all parts of the country to g Ive 1t a ll the help t~ey can. W e h ope the Superintendents of Corps

a nd Officers of D IVISIOn s of the S t. J ohn Ambulance Brigade, a nd Officers of the Volunteer Medical Staff Corps, an d the Volu nteer Am bula nce Schoo l of In stru cti on , will do th eir best t o ma ke it known a mc:-gst their respective co rps, a nd also will send for publication their offi CIal news.

SPECIAL NOTICE.

A rrangemen t s h a ve b een m a de with Messrs. W. H . Smith & Son t o have " First Aid " on sale at their books t a lls t h roug hout the King dom . It m a y a lso b e obtained a t M essrs. Willing's bookstalls.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR 12 months, IS.

6d., post fre e, to be sent to "The Publish ers," Alan Palmer & Reed I I LudO"ate Hill, " I:> London, E.C. TELEGRAP HIC A DDRESS- ' A RTER Y, L ONDON . "

F I RS T A ID. IS MARCH, 1895 .

The Conference of Officers connected with the St. John Ambulance Brigade AT is worthy of more than passing notice. NORTHAMPTO:-l. For some time it had been felt not only by the officers of the H eadquarters Corps, but also by th ose of the principal Provincial 'Corps, that it was urgently necessary that some steps should be taken with a view to bring the whole of the organization into closer tonch, and it is du e to the N orthampt onshire officers to place on record that th ey first pressed the importance of this matter up on the auth orities at St. J ohn's Gate. Und er these circumstances it was only paying Northampton a graceful compliment, when it was unanimously decided by a small but representative meeting of officers, to hold th e fl rst Conference in that town. That the Conference ha bee n a g rea t successgoes wi th out saying, differences of opinion naturally there were, but as was pointed out by th e popular Chief of the Metropolitan Corps, whate\'er feeling m ight h a,·e existed in th e h eat of discussion , would not pass outside the co nfin es of the Confe renc e Cha mb er, and once beyond its walls there is no doubt that every delegate resolved that so far as he was individually concerned, its deliberations would act as an

THE

C O~ FE R E N CE

[March, 1895.

incentive to work, if possible, hard er in the future for the furtherance of the noble and self-denying work which all ambulance h elpers have so much at heart. Having said this much in praise of this, the first Conference, we feel it our duty to point out faul ts which undoubtedly occurred in connection with it, and which must not be allowed in future deliberations if the progress of the work is to be maintained. Firstly, then, if it is to be a Conference of Officers, no on e below th at rank should be allowed t o be pre ent as a delega te, and the greatest possible precautions should be t aken to pre vent any unauthorised p erson from recording a vote, either for or against any moti on or amendment. Secondly , we would suggest, with all reserve, to the officers of th e Metropoli tan Corps, that in future th ey sh ould refrain from placing so many m oti ons on th e ag enda i there is no doubt th at on the prese nt occasion this fact led to much of th e opposition sh own t o certain proposals placed before th e meeting, many of whi ch we fe el sure would,if accepted,have been of permanent se n 'ice to the Brigade at large, notably the Provisional Drill, which it was proposed sh ould be adopted as th e recognised drill by all Corps. N o doubt in the early days of the Association the so mewhat crude and primitive drill laid down in Shepherd 's T ext Book answered admirably, but since then the Brigade, the outcome of th e work inaugurated by the t eaching of th e Association, has taken upon itself responsibilities, the carrying out of which necessarily r enders it incumbent upon its members-more particularly th ose of Corps in uniform-to have some knowledge at all eve nts of military drill and discipline . It must be borne in mind that these Corps often app ear before th e general public, either on duty or when engaged in competitions, and that th e pu blic is very keen in detecting any lack of smartness which it may observe in the way the m en act and carry out their work. It is idle to use arguments such as-that "the Brigade is n ot m eant for show purposes." No doubt "fi rst a1'd'" 1S t h e pnmary . cause which led to its formation, but we presume that the large numb er of competitions which are constantly promoted by our railway companies and others for ambulance men, partake somewhat of the show character, and surely no pains should be spared to make those taking part in such displays as smart as possible . In the early days of the police force and our fire brigades, drill was not dee med n ecessary for either body, so long as they were able, in th e one case to preserve the public peace, and in th e other to g rapple with the fi re fie nd . Since those days, h owever, things haye changed, and our police and fir emen are now drilled up to a pitch which would be n o discredit t o our smartest volunteer regiments. The Ambulance BriO"ade b will have to recognise this, and we cordially hope that the day is not far distant .

FIRST AID

SUPPLF~ M EN T.

A m 0 ula n~e FIRST

CONFEREN C E

M EDICAL

AND

AMBULANCE

OFFICERS.

H E long deferred Conference in connection with the above was held at the Town Hall, Northamptoll, on Saturday, '\Iarch 9th, when there were between 0 and 90 representatiyes from all pa rts of the kingdom. The Mayor (Councillor , V. Tomes), II'ho wore his chain and robe of office, h eld a reception at half-past eleven of the delegates in the Council Chamber, the Corporation flags being placed over the '\1ayoral chair. Accom panying the Chief Magistra te were Councillor J Hughes, Councillor H. Law, Councillor Captain A. F . Mulliner, and the Chief Constable C:\1r. F. II. Maldlin). Following the reception, the company :tdjourned for the Conference to the Old Re:tding Room, which had been very tastefully and effectively decorated with Royal and National de\r ices by :'\1r. T. Hand, assisted by Sergeant Gardener. The arrangements for the Conference were admirably carned out by Dr. A. H . Jones ( local hon. 5ecretary), Hon. Director Perry, Chief Superintendent Hayman, Local Drill Superintendent Trenery, Inspector Olney, Northampton Corps; Chief Superin tendent WoolsLon, Wellingborough ; Chief Superintendent Brasier, Superintendent Secretary Edwards, apd Superintendent and Assistant Secretary ,"Vinny, Metropolitan Corps. The chair was occupied by Colonel E. T. Thackeray, C.B., V.C., R.E., CommiSSioner of the Brigade, who was supported by the :\Jayor, attended hy the ci\'ic officers, and the Conference was attended by the following delegates :-lIon. Surgeons A. H. Jones, Local Hon. Secretary, and R. A. Milligan, Chief Superintendents T . Perry and P. Hayman, Superintendent J. Fieldsend, Inspector C. F. Olney, Drill Superintendent F. T. Trener}" Xorthampton ; Hon. Surgeons V'.,T. ' V. Clark, ,V. E. Audbnd, ChiefSu perintendent T. H. ,Voolston, Superintendents C ..1\icholson, T. E . Gravely and T. II. IIilton, First Officer A. O . Groome, -Wellingborough; Chid Superintendent ,V. J. Church Brasier, Superintendents II. Morgan, F. D . M:1.ckenzie, ' Y. R. Edwards, A. Albert (Dental Surgeon), E. R. Good\\'in, Alan Palmer, G. T. Robinson, IV. H. , Vinny, J . J. Olley, T. ,\. Painter, and]. Wells, First Officers A. J. Trimmer, W. D. Liddell,]. C. Garbett, B . Jennings, and Second Officer J. C. Lines, and Third Officer F. Lawson, :\ fetropolilan ; Chief Superintendent J. II. Buckley, First Officer J. I.... Roper, Sectional Officer J. G. Mobbs, Leicester; Superintendent J. W. Higgins, Higham Ferrers ; H on. Secretary , V. J. Gross, j lin., Burton Latimer; First Officer "'. Payne, Peterborough; First Officer C. W. Lane, Kettering; Hon. Surgeon Bull, tony Stratford; lIon. Surgeon F. J. Grindon, Superintendent G. E. Eady Olney; Superintendent ,V. Tngham, Rochdale; H on . Secretary G. Jackson, F. Penty, chairman, S. Roe, vice-chairman, York; Ibn . Surgeon C. II. Milburn, R. C. Brewer, chairman, Superintendent'V. IIopper, lIon. Secretary J. French Thompson, Hon. Secret~ry, E. T. Krause, lIull; I-Ion . Secretary, II . Holmes, J. H. Dawson, Vice-chairman, Drill Instructor J. Baker, Darby Dale; Superintendent Se~retary A. B. Chapman, Buxton; Superintendent J. Cartlidge, Pottenes ; Superintendent II. Beck, H . J. Livingstone, chairman, D. Dayies, assistant secretary, Mr. C. IV. Cursley, Birmingham; First Officer ' V. Jones, L. and N.W. Railway, Birmingham; Hon. Secretary F. Gilbert, Kin g's IIeath; Superintendent C . Taylor, Morecambe; IV. Bolton, chairman, ] Ion. Secretary R . J. Thornton, l\' elson ; Hon. Secretary T. Bu tterworth, Colne; Superintendent J. C. Derham, Blackpool; First O~cer J. Evans, Cambridge; lIon. Surgeon C . J. Trimble, Bamber Bndge; Superintendent S. Swanton, Preston; Superintendent C . H eathcote, Winsford; Superintendent D. ]. Cooper, Doncaster; ,c\. . Parker, treasurer, G.E.R., Stratford; lIon Surgeon Dickinson, G .E.R. ; H.on. Secretary A. J . IIill, G.E.R.; First Officer G. Keary, G.E.R., Li verpool Street, London; Hon. Secretary R. Spooner, G.E.R., Blshopsgate, London; First Officer E. W. Abbott, G .E.R., Fenchurch :::itreet, London; G. A. Trory, G.E.R., ~orwich; First Officer J. Green, G.E.R., Thorpe, Norwich; First Officer H. Amy, G.E.R., Marks Tey ; First Officer Stratton, lIon . Secretary A. Bryant, G.E.R., Ely; St1J:,erintendent J. Slater, Dudley; First Officer G. Frost, rpswich; First Officer E. 1'.1. Boyden, Colchester; Storekeeper S. \Vade, ~e\\'castle-under-Lyme. Among the visiting members we.re i\lr. L. Cooper, Mr. G. Fellows, Olney; '\1r. J. IYillis, 1ILr. \\'. T. WII,nn, and 1ILr. \\T. J. Shrive, Burton Latimer; i\'lr. H. Franklin and

Staff- 'ergeant IY. H. Reeves, l\orthampton . The Chairman was supported by the Mayor, Councillor H. Law, Dr. A. H. Jones, Superintendent Secretary Edwards, and Superintendent Assistant Secreta.ry 'Vinny. The Chairman having thanked the ,\1ayor for the kindly manner in which he had received the delegates and for lending the room for the Conference, said his worship had kindly consented to address a few words of welcome to the delegates. They were much indebted to him.(Loud applause.) The :'\1a)"or, who was cordially received, said he had great pleasure in welcoming them in the name of the inhabitants of the ancient borough of Xorthampton to that Conference. He felt sure that tl1eir deliberations would tend to the advancement and interest of the great organisation they had at heart. (Applause.) He welcomed them in the name of the borough, and hoped that as many as possible would remain to accompany them to Church on the following day. (Renewed applause.) The Mayor then left amid applause, and the business of the Conference was proceeded with. The Chairman, in his address, said he had been asked by the Central Executive Committee to take the chair, and he had great pleasure in doing so. At the camp held at Margate, several surgeons and officers of the Brigade expressed the desire to hold a Conference, as it was thought it would be a good opportunity of discussing various points that would be likely to prove beneficial to the interests of the different Corps and to bring them more into touch with each other. (Hear, hear.) The Conference had received the sanction and apprO\'al of the Chapter and Council of the Order of St. John of J eru&1.lem. (Applause.) After speaking of the number of the \'arious battles of the present century, and the manner in which the wounded were dealt with, the Chairman said that when they contrasted the skilled ambulance appliances of the present day with the appliances of the earlier part of the century, they could not fail to be struck \\'ith the great improvement which had taken place. (Applause.) It was very satisfactory to them all that the first Conference should be held in 1'\ orthampton, ,,·here there was a large Corps of the Brigade, of whom so many members \\'ere present. He sa\\' by the annual report, the Xorthampton Corp s numbered four administratiye officers, 10 honorary Eurgeons, seven superintendents, and 23+ ambulance officers and men. That return, he thought, reflected areat credit on all concerned, and they were greatly indebted to Dr. Jones, the local Hon. Sec., and the local Hon. Director, i\lr. Perry, for the manner in which they had interested themselves in bringing the Corps u p to such a state. (Applause.) After expressing regret that Mr. Osborn, Chief urgeon of the '\letropolitan Corps, was not able to be present that day, and mentioning one or two suggestions he had made in a letter, the Colonel said the total strength of the Brigade in England consisted of 107 administrative officers, four chief surgeons, 112 surgeons, seven chief superintendents, 87 supel'intendents, 37 inspectors of stores, 3,87+ ambulance officers and men, eight lady superintendents, and +71 nursing sisters. There were five districts throughout England. In conclusion, the Colonel offered his best thanks for the p ractical help given hy the local Committees and the Executive Officers in the various centres, as without their ,tssi~tance, he said, the efforts of the Brigade would be of very little a,·ail. He also thanked the Lady Superintendents, the Tursing Sisters, and the members of the medical profession, upon whose \'aluable assistance and hearty co-operation they trusted they might rely in the fmure. (Applause.) The printed agenda of the conference was then proceeded with, the draft rules of procedure being first considered and accepted with a slight alteration. I n proposing the amendment, Chief Superintendent Church Brasier apologised to the chairman and the meeting for the absence of i\Ir. John Furley, late Director of the Ambulance Department of the Order of St. John and one of the founders of the St. John Ambubnce Brigade. A propos~d that the uniform to be adopted should be in accordance \\ith the dress regulations sanctioned by the Order of St. John caused some little discussion, \\'hich was taken part in by Dr. Jones, of 'orthampton, Superintendent Cooper, Chief Superintendent Perry, Third Orficer Lawson, Superintendent Derh,llll, and Chief Superintenclent I,"oolston C'Vellingborough) the htter admitting there \Y;JS a

11.

FIRST AID

difficulty in t~at direction, but it was one which he tho ught might be oyercome. In answer to several enquiries as to the cost of uniforms Ch ief Superintendent \V J. Church Brasier said that Provincial Corps already came to London for their caps and belts, and although there \\'a s nothing to pre,-ent uniforms being made locally, he thought the un iform as issued to pri vates could be obtained as cheaply at St. John's Gate as any,,·here. He was glad to be able to tell them that the uniform as laid dO\\ll in the Dress Regulations was incorporated in the Statutes of the Urder under the Great eal of England and did not infringe the Cniforms Act. The proposal, which was made by Superintendent ;,1 0rgan, and seconded by First Officer Trimmer, of the ~letropolitan Corps, was ultimately can ied unanimously. Ohief Superintendent Perry (Xonhampton Corps) proposed that samples of the recognised uniform of the Metropolitan Corps of the Brigade, with cost of the sa me auached, be kept at St. John 's Gate for the inspection and guidance of any Provincial Officer who might desire to equip his men in the same uniform, and that the Executive of the Association be I equested to consider the ad"isability of supplying the Provi:1cial Corps with the recognised uniform of the :'I[etropolitan Corps at cost plice. :'I[r. Perry s,lid he thought there was a great deal of misapprehension as to the cost of uniform. He did not think it was intended they should be bound to ha,-e a certain cloth, but to haye their uniform as near as possible to the recognised pattern. By his resolution they would be able to go and see the uniform, and so form an idea of what was required and follow it out. Chief:--u peri n tendent IVOO lston (I~T ellingborough Corps) seconded the proposition, and sa id he thought it "'ould be of great \'alue so that they might have a uniformity in their dress. The resolution was adopted with but little discussion. On the proposition of the chairman the conference was adjourned for luncheon at the Grand Hotel, and on resuming business the following conference officers for the year were elected:- r. Gilbert, Birmingham; Chief Superintendent Church Brasier, .I letropolitan Corps; Mr. Hill, Great Eastern Railway Corps; Chief Superintendent Hayman, 2\'orthampton Corps; ('hief Superintendent Tom " 'oolston, IYellingborough Corps; Superintendent Lane, Kettering Corps; Dr. C. H. illilburn, Hull Corps; Superintendent Cartlidge, Potteries ~ orps; M r. Derham, Chief Oonstable of B1ackpool; Superintendent Edwards, Metropolitan Corps, as a Hon orary Secretary; and Superintendent " Tin ny, Metropolitan Corps, as Assistant l! on. Secretary. Oonsiderable discussion ensued upon the proposition of Superintendent :'I10rgan (:\tIetropolitan Oorps) that the Brigade should adopt the drill set out in the manual compiled by Hon. Surgeon ~leman and Chief Superintendent Ohurch Brasier, and that instructions be issued that all Corps should be drilled in accordance therewith, and that all drill rendered necessary by local circumstances be in addition thereto. He pointed out that uniform ity of action was as necessary as uniformity of dress, and that if a parade of yarious Corps ever took place, a simple drill like that set forth in the manua l would be indispensable. First Officer Trimmer seconded the proposition. 1\1r. Hill, Great Eastern Rail\\'ay Corps, moved as an amendment that the words after" corps" be omitted, and the words "may be drilled in accordance therewith" be in serted in their place. His object was to make the drill optional instead of compuls01'J'- Hon. Surgeon Dickinson seconded. Chief SUperintendent Woolson (IYellingborough Corps), Superintendent Cooper (Doncaster), Mr. Davies (Birminghaml, First Officer Green (Xorwichl, Superintendent Ingham (Rochdale), and Superintendent Painter took part in the discussion. Seyeral of the speakers laid especial emphasis on the rapid man ner in whi ch railway men and those in the industrial districts became efficient in the drill and its value in keeping up the men's interest in the work. Other speakers, whilst in favo ur of the drill, wished to defer the question of enforcing it. The amendmellt was put and calTied by SI to 2I. Upon the proposition of ::-'uperintendent Alan Palmer (Metropolitan Corps), seconded by First Officer Trimmer (.\Ietropolitan Corps), it was agreed that special bugle calls should be adopted for the use of the Brigade. :--uperintendent Heathcote (Winsford Corps) proposed that a code of rules be adopted, such as would be applica ble to the whole Brigade, and which must be observed by all Corps, but might be added to, as local circumstances might render necessary or advisable. Superintendent Cartlidge (Potteries Corps) seconded the proposition. Mr. Hill (Great Eastern Railway Corps) moved as an amendment that in stead of the rules being" added to " that they might be allowed to be " varied" as local circumst.a.nces might render necessa ry or advisable. Superintendent Heathcote desired to withdraw his motion in favour of a further motion dealing with rules, but failed w obtain the permission of meeting. Hon. Surgeon Dickinson seconded the amendment. r:hief Supt. Church Brasier rose to a point of order, and amid much laughter remarked that rules applicable to the whole of the Corps could not be varied to suit the requirements of a few, the amendment, the speaker considered, was a direct negative. It wa s eyentually adopled by 49 votes to 20. Superintendent Morgan (Metropolitan Corps) proposed that the model rules prepared should be adopted by all Corps, subject to such alterations as might be necessitated by local circumstances. This was seconded by First Officer Trimmer (Metropolitan Corps). As an amendment, Superintendent Cartlidge (Potteries Corps) moved that the rules, although they might be adapted to the Metropoli tan and other large Corps, were not, as a whole, suitable to a Provincial Corps,

SUPPL Elv1ENT. and that therefore a meeting be called for revi sing the rules and standing orders, and giving power to each Corps to make any add itional rules necessitaled by local circumstances. Super intendent lIeathcote IVinsford Corps) seconded the amendment. Dr. J ones (Korthampton Corps) said the proposed code of rules and standinO" orders for the Brigade were almost wholly inapplicable to the Provincial Corps. There were some rules which, if enforced, would, he thought, simply kill the Provincial Corps, certainly that at Northampton. It would be utterly impossi ble they should go through the formulx, insist upon the subscriptions, upon the number of drills, and, above all, to insist that the whole of the property belonging to local Corps should be \'ested in the Central Executive Committee. The \y01 k of the Brigade was a clear and definite one. The object of the Brigade, to his mind, was the enrolling of Provincial Oorps to be organised for useful work , and on such a footing that if eyer the country should go to war, and help should be required from the Ambulance Oorps, they cou ld readily be organised. lIe strongly supported the amendment. He did not wish to gi,-e offence to t he i\1 etropolitan ( 'orps, but he felt very slrongly on the question and thought his view would he, lIpported by the meeting. Ohief Superintendent Ohurch Brasier submitted the resolution as proposed by Superintendent Morgan, met Dr. Jones's objection, inasmuch as ample provision was made to allow of the a Iteration of these model rules as I OCo1. I circumstances required . Th ere wa s no intentio n to press these rules on Provincial Oorps. IJe thought it would be thoroug hly safe to leave the matter in t he hands of their Oommissioner. whom experience had pro"ed was always ready to listen to any \'alid argument on the question of alterations to suit local requirements, and he (the speaker) ronsidered to refuse to pass these rules under such circumstances was a slight to their Commissioner, who was Chairman of the Oommittee that compiled them. IIe thoroughly agreed, however, that local property and funds should be vested in the hands of tbe local Oommittee. Chief Superintendent Perry ( X orthampton Corps) thought it was necessary they should have rules, and those they had had hitherto they did not complain of. Some of the rules in the code belore them were, however, he thought, utterly ip app li cable to the Provincial Corps. He did not think it would be wi se to hand themselves ent irely over to the Oommissioner, as they had no guarantee that Colonel Thackeray wo uld always hold the position, and past experien ce had shown them tbe Provincial Corps were not altogether safe in that resl,ect, and he thought they must stand the;r ground at that time. Dr. Jones said his point was whether the local Committee were to have power to alter the r ules or the Oentral Executive. Hi s experience was that where different arrangements were required to be made no such thing was done un less the Executiye had a lso acted in the matter. They had nothing ",hateve!' to show that they in the Provinces would nOl be called upon to stand by t he rules if passed . i\Ir. Roe (York) said that the Yorkshile people were not hardheaded, but their pockets were \"err deep (laughter), and he did nat think they would get six men there to pay the suh~cri ption named. The Chairman said t here was no inten tion to enforce the rules on t he Proyincial Oorps ; they " 'ere merely laid down as a guide. The amendment as to referring the matter to a meeting was can ied, the voting being for ty-nine to one. It was decided to hold the meeting for a preliminary considerati on of the matter at the conclusion of the business on the agenda. Chief Superintendent I"oolston (Wellingbolough Corps) moved that the Hon. Surgeons and Ambulance Officers of Corps in active service should have their appointment duly ratified by warrant from H.R.H. the Prince of "Vales, as Grand Prior of t he Order, or from the Council and Ohapter of the Order, to be held by everyone so appointed, in order that their position might be officially recogni sed. Mr. \\'oolston argued that every Ambulance Officer held a highly onerous position, a nd was worthy of an official standing. It was only due to them, he submitted, they should be given a status among society. Chief Superintendent Perry (:'{orthampton Corps) seconded the proposal, and said he thought it was only due to the officers that they shou ld be properly recognised as they did a great voluntary work. The proposition wa s unanimously accepted . First Officer Trimmer (Metropolitan Corps) proposed that the Order of St. John be requested to sanction the wearing, on the recommendation of the Chief Officer of any Corps by Sergeants and Privates of the Brigade, of distinctive badges for efficiency, nursing, service and ,tn auxiliary proficien cy badge. This was seconded by First Officer Liddell (Metropol itan Corps) who pointed out l hat they would enable a n officer on duty to pick out the bEst men for special work. In the absence of Dr. Trimble (Bamber Bridge), Superintendent Derha m (Blackpool Corps), in a somewhat sarcastic speech, ridiculed the idea of plastering men all over back and fron t with badges, he moved as an amendment that only the four pointed star in silver lace for each three years' efficient service should be granted, and this was seconded hy Mr. Swanton; and after some considerable di scussion upon both the resoluti on and the amendment, in which Superintendent Painter, :'vIr. Davies, and Mr. Brewer took part, the latter was adopted by 37 to 32. Pre'/ious to the voting, Dr. Jones wished to ask whether t he :.vletropolitan Officers particularly desired these decorations. No an swer was given. Dr. Jones (Xorthampton), proposed that in order to encourage continued service the Executive of the St. John Ambulance Association be requested to consider the advisability of recommending the Council

FIRST AID and Chapter of the Order to award a long-serv ice medal to t ho se who should have actively and honourably served in the Brigade for a period of not less than 10 con secutive years. Seeing as he did in connection with the local Cen tre the time certain members gave, and the great energy they showed in connection with the work of the Brigade, Dr. Jones said he could not help feeling that the work should be recognised in some tangible form. He thought all who were officers of Corps and had men who had done excellent work under them would feel the principle of recognition was a good one, and that officers who had served 10 years should be presented with: a. medal in acknowledgment of their services. IIon. Surgeon R. A. MIllIgan (Northampton Corps) seconded the proposal. Chief Superintenden t Church Brasier (M etropo li tan Corps), had placed a n amendment on the agenda that the time should be 12 years, but withdrew it, and the proposal of Dr. J ones wa s unanimously agreed to. lt was decided that the camp for t he ensuing year should be held as near as possible in the centre of the country in order to give the ::\orth Corps equal facilities with those of the South, and at some other time than during the first three weeks in J ul y; and also that the Conference of next year be held in London. An amendment moved by :'\1r. Parker, that the Conference should be composed of delegates proportionate to the number of the Corps, the proportion to be left to the Oonference Committee to decide was lo st by the casting vote of the Chairman. It was fur ther agreed that Officers and Supernumerary Officers should carry whi stles of a particular pattern, and that each Oorps taking part in the Camp should pay a share of the expenses. This concluded the business on the agenda, and Oolonel Thackeray proposed a yote of thanks to Dr. Jones, Ohief Superintendents Perry, and Hayman, and all the Officers of the Northampton Corps for the excellent arrange men ts they had made for the holding of the Conference. He also desired the ,'ote to include than ks to the Mayor for his reception and the interest his 'W orship had shown in the gathering. The Yote was canied by acclamation . Dr. J ones, in reply, said they in Korthampton felt proud that their town had been selected for the holding of the first Conferen ce of the Brigade, and t hey welcomed the officers from different parts of England with great pleasure. IIe trusted the work done might prOl'e of value to the Brigade, and that the Oonferences in future might even prove more beneficial. He then proposed a vote of thanks to the O"allant ('olonel for presiding over their deliberations in the excellent manner he had, and 5.1.id that it was highly esteemed throughout the country by the members of the Brigade with 'w hom he h~d come in contact. This vote was also carried by acclamation, and bneAy ackno\\ledged by Colonel Thackeray, After Oolonel Thackeray had left the cha ir, Dr. Jonesof ~orthampton, was elected Ohairman, and the Conference proceeded, in accordance with their previous resolution, to consider the rules seriatim. The members of the Provincial Corps represented endorsed the" objects of t he Brigade" with alteration of only one word. One rule was struck out, five were adopted as they stood, the remainder were modified chiefly in the direction of making it clear that the government of the local Oorps was in the hands of the local Committees or Officers subject to approval at headquar ters. The property of the various local Corps was to be \'~sted in the I~c;tl Committee. The standing orders were all adopted WIthout alteratIOn. The Officers present appeared to be satisfied that the rules as amended would apply to any Corps in the Kingdom but could be added to by:U1 y individual Oorps if necessary, with the permIssion of the Centra.l Executive Committee. Votes of thanks to Dr. Jones and ;\Ir. Edwards closed the Conference, which had sat with the exception of a brief interval for seven hours. In the evenin g the Officers dined together at the Grand IIotel. CHURCH PARADE. On Sunday afternoon a Church parade of officer s atLendinO" the Conferen ce and the officers and members of the i'lorthampton Corps was held at All Saints Church, where there was a crowded congreaation considerable public interest being man ifested in the event. i\I~mber~ of the ~rigade met at the Infirmary at a qtiarter-past two , and, headed by. t~elr band (under ;\Ir. J osep h Rogers), marched to the T own Hall to J.OIl1 the ci \'ic procession, the Mayor (Councillor IV. Tomes) having lllvlted memb ers of the Oorporation to accompany him to Church. The procession left the Guildhall in the following order, and proceeded to the Church by St. Giles' Square, Wood Hill, and Mercers' Row : The ~orthal11ptonshire \ 'o lunteer Band, under Bandmaster J . Hilton; a posse .of the Borough P olice under the Chief Constable, i\Ir. F. H. :\1ardlm; the Fire Brigade, under Inspector F rost; the Town Crier (~1r. C. Walker)) the Beadle (Mr. J. Cory); the Mayor 's Sergeant, WIth mace (:'lIT. f. A. StImpson); the Mayor (Oouncillor W. Tomes) and lhe Rev. I anon Teignmouth Shore, Chaplain in Ordinary to the Queen, and Chaplain of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England (the preacher); the eX-:'I1ayor (Alderman H . E. Randall) and the Rev. Canon Hull; Colonel Thackeray, Dr. A. H. Jones, Councillor]. Barry, J.P., Alderman G. :'{orman, J .P., h. G . M. Tebbutt, J.P., Coun cillor J. ~ughes, Councillor IV. P. Hanne n, Councillor A. F. Mulliner, CounCIllor J . Brown, Councillor A. E . Phipps, Councillor II. Law Councillor J. T. Ambidge, Mr. W. D. Gibbins (Borough Engineer), MI~. H ..-\rmitt

SUPPLEMENT.

11 1.

('Vater Department Manager), the Sanitary In spector and Assistant Inspector (Mr. R. Dykes and ~lr. Hogg). The processional hymn was "All people that on earth do dwell," and the Lesson was read by the Vicar, the Rev. Canon Hull, the service being conducted by the Rev. J. Ouningham, Chaplain of St. Andrew's IIospitai. The hymn before the sermon was" Thine arm, 0 Lord, in days of old." Canon Shore based an eloq uent sermon on Galatians, chapter 6, verses 2 and S.-" Bear ye one another's burdens, and so fulfil the law of Christ. For every man shall bear his own burden ." IIaving pointed out that the passages presen ted human life from two opposite points of view, the individual and the sympathetic, he said the whole teaching of the indi yidual life amounted to a man doing the best he cou ld for himself, and being indifferent to the needs of others only so far as lhe welfare of the community might re-act upon himself. But among the old teaching there wa s another school, differen t to the Greeks, and they took the opposite view-that the individual was nothing, and mankind as a mass was everything. If they turned to the Bible they found that the law of ;,1 0ses recognised both those aspects of human life. Xo attempt wa s made to reconcile them, and they stood, like the law itself, upon two distinct tables of stone. The law made nothing perfect, and so the Schoolmaster, St. Paul, told them to bear one another's burdens, though he added immediately that e\-ery man must bear his own burden. There " 'as now a tendency in all aspects of public, commercial, and financial life to dissipate responsibility. They knew thi s was an age of organisation. Capital organised itself, and what was popularly called labom organised itself. Great businesses, vast enterprises that had been built upon the past by the devotion of individual men were gradually, one after another, handed over to the li mited respon sibil ity inl'ol\'ed in limited liability. Those were facts upon which he could not express a sha.dow of an opinion either from a political or economical point of "iew, but a minister of Christ was bound to take note of the signs and tende ncies of the times, what they Co1.lled the spirit of the age. Men were likely to do things when they had the feeling that their moral as well as the financial responsibility was largely shared by others that they would not do if the whole responsibility rested upon themselves as individuals. There was a danger of that spirit creeping into religion itself, but the wages of sin were irrevocable. Passing on, the preacher pointed ou t that the ili stOry of England was far more splendid than the history of the individuals that composed it; and the country was fast hastening to decay "here the citizens "Tapped themselves up in selfishne~s, an d said they cared nothing for their country. They could only bear their own burden just as they took their share in the greater burden of the life of the nation as a whole. He had spoken of those great principles of life because he thought they were in harmony with the particular occasion on "'hich it was his privilege to address them. It was (In those principles that early in the twelfth century the great Order of K nights of Jerusalem was founded, and under the inspirati on of the Knights and Officers of that illustrious Order many of th ose he was addressing were carrying on works of mercy, nobly and heroically, for humani ty. They found in the present conditions of human life as well as on the battlefield the need for t he discharge of those duties for whi ch so many of the Order were enrolled only occurred at inten'als, but III the present conditions of human life in the vast populations of the great towns o"'ing to the introduction of machinery in almost eyery part of producti,'e life, on their railways, and in all the things that make up the \'ast and complex civilisation of the present day the need of succour was daily a nd hourly fell for those that were wounded in the great rush of life's battle. [t was to that enterprise that they had been called,a.nd for that enterprise they must be inspired not by those "'ho professed t he principle of on ly carrying lheir own burden in life, but by those who believed in the blotherhood as a whole. R ecognition was not a condition of duty, and in those moments of solitary exertion they felt sustained to bear the burden laid upon them because they were conscious that they were bearers in the larger burden of the aloryand histOry and principles of the great Order whose cross they bor~ Those who refused to bear in the burden of suffering and toiling humanity were wanderers in the race of life. The Church of Christ, now militant on earth, " 'aged her anxious and constant warfare against forms of sin because she was confiden t that one day each would lay dO\\Jl hi, burden in humble gratitude a.t the footsteps of the Throne of God and of IIis Christ.-During the hymn, "Lord of glory, 'Vho has bouCTht us," a cc:llection was made on behalf of the Northampton Infirma";-y. and realised £7 9s. rod. The men?bers of the Ambulance Brigade, headed by the band, were returnlllg to the Infirmary by way of Abington treet and York Road, but were dismissed owinO" to the hea\'y rain, on reaching Fish treel. The civic processi~n ret~rned hy George Row to the Town Hall, where the X ational Anthem was played by the \' olunteer Band.

A. GOOD old "li r5t-aider" in ::rew York wntes home anent o urselves as follows: --" 1 wa~ charmetl with the paper, I leel (hat its future must be successJlIl. I perused the cuple, la~t l veningand my very soul took w ing to the sacred f'recincts of " the Cate " and there min Cl"led with the cherished l11em0J"1e~ uf the hap py p 1St. :--end it to me monthly, will you p lea,e ?'

FIRST AID SUPPLEMENT.

IV.

dJinH ~ tb in ~ ln e r i ( a . VOLU~TEER A;\1BULA

CE SCHOOL OF [ STRUCTION.

PnSldellt-Major Andrew :'1aclure, \'.D. • Cour~e of Lectures to be delivered at the headquarters of the Queen's Westminster, R.V., James Street, Victoria Street, S.\V.-Thursday, March 21St. \iVounds and Hremorrhage. Thursday, March 28th., Poisons and their Treatment, Surgeon-Captain P. P. Whitcombe. M.B., Queen's \Vestminster, R.V. Thursday, April 4th., The Tran spor.t of Woun ded . Thursday, April I 8th. , The Oontents and Uses of the Fleld Medical Companion and Surgical Haversack, Surgeon-Captam R. R. Sleman , Artists' R.\'.

-------- :0:-------WE cull the followinO' from our smart little contemporary, The Porcupine, published in Liverp ool, and we commend his pointed remarks to the governing authorities in all large to\'.'ns. W,e trust also that all local corps of the St. John Ambulance Bngade \\'Ill lay the matter to heart : A PATROL \VAGON FOR THE DRuNKARDS , BUT NO AMBULANCE FOR ACCIDE:-lTS.-The astonishing fact that in all Liverpool an ambulance cannot be obtained for love or money on Sunday after twelve o'clock noon points to the fact that no one who wishes to break his leg or injure his spine can be reasonably expected to do so after that hour on the Sabbath morn . The Xorthern and the Southern Hospitals have no ambulance at call on the holy day. But as the lightning sometimes strikes even churches and chapels, so even the most godly Sabbatarian is liabl~ to come to O'rief "after business hours" on Sunday. Last Sunday evemng, for instaI~ce, a poor servant girl fell out of th~ window of a gentleman's house at Sefton Park. She was dreadfully lllJured. Her master was on the telephone and, innocently enough, at once wired for the ambulance. I t was feared the girl had fractured her spine. Under such circumstances it was simply dreadful and very dangerous to take her down to the hospital in a cab under conditions when a recumbent position and first aid might mean life or death; yet that. was the o~ly alternative. \Yhether for rich or poor there IS no place like a hospItal at such times. But why cannot the police keep a couple of ambulanc~s ready night and day all the xear round at their centr~l office? Thelr premi ses are always open .. I ~ey have plenty of medlcal men at call, and the central pollee statlOn lS the most natural place for anyone to fly to or telephone to. Horses are al:vays r~ady for the ambulance. It is stranO'e that we should thrust thiS publIC duty on the overburdened hospi~als. It may be said that ambulance expense would be :tltra vires on the part of the \\'atL:l Committee, as they draw part of thelr revenue from the Imperial Exchequer. But, at any rate, the pomt should be thresh ed out. If we can run a patrol wagon for drunken wastrels, we can surely spend a few pou~ds for a couple of ambulances to ~'escue the innocent sufferers from terrIble, undeserved, and unforseen aCCIdents. THE LATE GE:\fERAL COPELAND-CRAWFORD. The funeral took place on Saturday afternooll, March 9th, at St. J olm's Church Wembley, Harrow, of General Robert "F itzgerald CopelandCrawford, President of th e Wembley Division of the Metropolitan Corps, :: t. J ohn AJ11 bulance Brigade. The Genel al who was 86 years of age died at his residence, Sudbury Lodge, Weml>ley, early on Tuesday mOl'n lllg, from an attack uf pneumonia, following influenza. The Revs. J. F. Andrews and Vi vian Dodgson conducted the funeral ceremollY, and :epreselltatlves were present from the local Orange and Uni onist ASSOCiations, the Proles'ant Alliance, the Y.M.C.A., the Wembley Division of the Metropolitan Corps, St. Jo~n. Ambula~ce Brigade, under Sup!. Alan Paull, and many other socletles of which General Crawful'd was eilher President or a prominent member. The Royal Anillery was also represented, and Major Crawford-invalided hom e from a wound received in the 'Nest African Coast skirmish -was 8 mong the family followers of the cortege. General Copeland-Orawford was bern June27, 1809. He married in 1850JaneDalrymple, daughter of the late Colonel Anderson, 9 Ist Argyleshil'e IIighlanders. He was educated a' Foyle College, North Irela, d, pas~ed th:ough the Wo~lwich Military ,\cademy, and entered the Royal ,\ rl111 el'Y III 1828, passlllg to t he highest rank, and being senior officer at the I ime of his death. He served with distinction at Jersey, U ibraltar Malta, Canada, South Africa, a .d elsewhere, and rec'::lved the thank, of the Government for h'Jrsing sevelal batteries of Indian t\rtillelY with Cape horses during the Mutinv. 11e was s.-nt on a speCial commission by the British Government io itlspect and purchase arms for the .'elvice at Liege, and there became acquainted wllh the late Fl'enc'l I',mperor. He also acted as secretlr)' to a diplomatic mission, under Ccntral Frazer, sent by Lord Pahm:rston through Syria and Palestine, where he became a great favourite of l)Iehemet Ali.

THE Sun referring to the formation of Am~)Ulance C.la~ses in N;\V York says: - The course of instruction in firs t aId to the lDJ ured, whIch became popular amongst young women last seas?TI, I~as b~en ev;n more popular this winter, and the Society f?r In ~tructlOn m FIrst ~I~ to t~e Injured, which works in co - oper~~lOn wI~h . the State Chanties Ad Association in the United Chanties buildIngs, has more classes than it ever had before in its dozen years of eXls~ence. . Among eiO'ht araduates out of a class of twelve who recelVed diplomas, 0;' certificates as the society calls them a. few day~ ago wer.e Miss Edith Shepard, Miss Adele Sloane, MISS Ernestll1e Fabbn, l\1iss Amy Bend, Miss Mignon Woodworth. Anotl~er class ~nder went exam ination on Tuesday, and on Thursday st'l~ another consisting 01 ten members, wc-s examined at the house ot 1'IIISS 1'IIc~ull~c k , 88 Park Avenue. Most of the classes study and take their examlllatwns at the lec ture hall of the society, but instruction is given at the homes of the students if desired that is in the case of the so-called pay classes. A new departure \\'~s made on Tuesday in sending an i Dstructo~, Dr. Francis A. Scratchley of East Thirty-fifth Street, to the schoolshiP. St. Mary·s. at the foot of East Twenty-eighth Street, wh~re .a class of sixty boys will be taught The limit of a class membership IS. twelve ~'ldel' ordinary circum lances, and the lec tures are: a. ~eek ap~lt, but for the accommodation of the schoolslllp the whole ShIP s class I~ taken as one, and ns it is desired to get the ship away soon, the lectures wtll be given twice a week, on Tuesdays and Thursdays. . . Another new idea will be carried out next week, when the society WIU hegin to form classes among factory ~irl.s and give the .Iecl~re~ at fac· tories where a knowledge of the prmclples of first aid me deem:d especially desirable. But. for the most part the free classes ~re, and WIll continue to be, taught 1D the lecture room of the SOCIety, whel e appliances tor tllustration are ready at hand, The members of the pay classes give S3 each for the course, and the re ceipts frum a pay class are enou<:;h to d.-fray the expenses of sev~ral free classes. Ove" 7.000 persons have been instructed .slnce the. society was organized. and of these more thnn 3,000 have rec~Ived ce.rt,ficates. It will be seen from this that not all tl:e students a.ttaIn sufflclent pIO ' ficienC'y to be graduated. The course consists of five lectures. of an ho ur and a half each by Ilne physician,. and a Sixth l~c.ture by a tral ned nurse, accompanied by an oral examinatIOn by a phYSICian other than the one who taught the class ----:0:-------

jlNr . .mobn jfurleJ] anti tbe ~arli~t eJmat. CORRESPONDENT writes, "r was very 'pleased with your portrai t and notice of M1'. John Furley, and lt has occurred to me that A the following episode in his career would be of to many of yo ur int~res.t

readers, who as you justly say have a warm admlratlOn for pluck an d daring. The British Consul at Bayonne asked Mr. Furl~y \\'?eth er he could ascertain the fate of Mr. O'Donovan, who had heen lmpnson.ed by the Carlists, as Sir A. H. La.y?-rd, then ~mbassador at Madnd, could do nothing without recogl11smg the cl.alms of Don Carlos, an d he him self, although he had made many enqUll'les was power~ess to act_ Mr. Furley undertook to find out whether he was dead or alive, and ~t once started on his errand, traced Mr. O'Donovan from the place of hI S capture to Estella and discovered him in a foul dungeon where he had been confined for several months, without a change of clothes and livinO' on a diet of little else than beans. With much difficulty he obtained permission to take .t~e pri~oner to the head-quarters of Don Carlos at Durango. After glvmg hlm a re st of two days at the conven t of Yrache and providing him wi~h ~lothes, he to.ok Mr. <?'Donovan to Durango, where a great many obJectlOns were nueed to hls release, bu t the question was solved by the approach of the. army of Madnd, and the retreat of Don Carlos his ministers, and hIS army. Mr. Furley availed himself of the opp~rtunity also to retreat, a~ld he did not ~al t until he had placed Mr. O'Donovan on the ot~er Side of the frontier. Here he provided him with money to enable hlm to purchase an outfit to reach England. An account of these circumstances was su?sequen~ly published in the Times by the special corresponden t m Spam. ST. J OHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATJON.-In connection with th e Manchester Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railwaymen's Corp~ of the St. J ohn A'mbulance Association, for instruction in "first aiel to th e injured," a new class is about to be formed at I-lull. The m<:mbers~lp of the Association has greatly increased, and most of the dock polIce have joined the corps. This is most necessary, because of the lar:!e numbel of accidents which are constantly occurring on the docks. Sergeant Thompson, of the dock police, is one of the promoters of th e new corps. o

FIR S T

March, t895.J

@ur IDortratt (Saller\? HENRI NACHTEL,

PARIS, OFFICER OF LEGIO~ OF HONOUI<.

M.D. OF

is very:-gratifying to us to be able to present to our Iwho_T has readers this month a sketch of Dr. Henri Nachtel, done·a splendid service in ambulance work in Paris, and ,who is most enthusiastic in its cause. He was born at Warsaw and educated at Paris. Ent eringthe med iC<11 profession as a student in the year 1868, he soon de\'eloped a l ea ning t 0 wa I' d s t his special work, and we find him ser\'ingin the FrancoGerman war in 1870 with the North Army at Arras. He joined the R ed Cross Socie~y in Paris, and during the Lerrible time of the Commune acted as Assistant ~urgeon trom I\J arcn to June, 18 71. He obtained his degree of M.D. in [875 and commenced practice in New York ill I 76, but, after havinO' fulfilled a scientific mission confided to him by the French Government, returned to Paris, and finally settled there in 1880. Whilst in New York he organised a niO'ht medical service by which doctors attending on p~or people are paid a fixed fee of three dollars. The same arrangement is made in Paris, the fee being ten francs (about 8s.). In the year 1880, Dr. Nachtel commenced an aO'itation for the purpose of pro\'ic1ing Paris with an ambulance service, and although "they do th ese thinO's better in France," it has taken nine years to get b the sen-ice placed or~ ~n ~fficial basis, and to have it taken o\'cr by the MUlllclpahty. In another column are O'iven some of the details showing the difficulties that th~ Doctor had to contend with, and the immense amount of energy and perseverance that he displayed in the performance of the task which he set himself to carry out. He has not, however, done this good work without some reward, for we find that the citizens of Paris made him a public presentation of a medal three years ao-o at the Cirque d'Hiver, and also that in 1881 he ,~as made Chevalier of the Legion of Honour, in 1889 Officer of Academy, and in 1891 received the much-coveted decoration of Officer of the Legion of Honour. Dr. Nachtel's ideas of teaching first aid work do not quite coincide with those of Our prominent ambulance workers. He thinks that it is a mistake and wasLe of time to teach ambulance work generally; that every tOWll ought to have a proper service which ouO'ht to att~nd imme?i.ately to a~l cases of emergency. This is an Ideal condItion of affaIrs, the consummation of which we can only devoutly. hope for. He is of opinion that London stands more 111 need of sllch an institution than any olher capital in tIle world. . 'paris owes a great debt of gratitude to Dr. Nachtel for It IS entirely owing to his enterprise and determination

AID. that it is provided with a properh,.' equipped ambulance service. Men who are willing, like Dr. Nachtel, to devote their time and sen 'ices to a good cause without fee are not always to be found, and we are exceedingly pleased to recognise the services that he has rendercd to th e cause, and hope that first-aiders in this country will emulate his example . --------:0:--------

$ 1. j obn tlmblllance tlssociation. CITY.-A First-Aid Class for men will commence at the City of London College, White Street, ;\Ioorfields, E.C ., on Tuesday, April 2nd, at 7 p.m. ;\11'. A. ':'1. Cato, ;\LR.C.S., L.R.C.P., will be the lecturer. ;\11'. D. Savage, the secretary at the College, will be pleased to hear from anyone wishing to join. A successful examination was held at the ~Iission to Seamen Institute, Poplar, E., on \Vednesday, February 27th. Dr. A. C. Tunstall was the examiner . Three classes h;Lve been held at the Shipmasters' Society, 60, Fenchurch Street, this winter. Capt. ,\. G. Froud, R .N.R., is a most enthusiastic secretary. ;\1any officers are no\\' gaining the Certificate of the Association and getting their own certificates endorsed to that effect by the Board of Trade. One hundred and eighty.: memhers of the City of London Police force ha\'e been under training by Mr. Gordon Brown during the winter. Sixty-fi\'e of these ha\'e gained medallions. CHEDISFORD.-A meeting of the Chelmsford Progressive Society was held on ;\Ionday, February 18th, the Rev. T. M. ;\Iundle presiding. Mr. \Yo P. WhiteheJ.d, \\ho was formerly an officer in the l\fetropolitan Corps of the St. John Ambulance Association, gave an interesting lecture on "The Knights of St. John of Jeru salem." Ha\'ing gi ven a brief sketch of the history of the Knights from their foundation in the 12th century to their final di spersion in the last century, the lecturer mentioned the revival of the Engli sh Ltwglte of the Order and the work it c~rries on in the Ophthalmic Hospital at Jerusalem. He next dealt WIth the work of the Ambulance Association and described more particularly the work of the Metropolitan Corp~ when on duty. In suhsequently proposing a yote of thanks to the lecturer, the chairmJ.n 5<1.id he hoped the day would come when Chelmsford would have its own centre of the St. John Ambulance Association. HULL CENTRE.-\Ve have been favoured with a copy of the annual report of this Centre, from which we gather that its influence has been felt in the town and that it is doing a good work. There have been I I classes held, 9 first aid and 2 nursing, at which 190 pupils were instructed, and 133 obtained certificates. It hal; been decided to raise a special fund to purchase a challenge trophy for competition between the local corps. In August l:a.st several members of the corps attended the Yorkshire Agricultural Society's Show at Beverley and rendered valuable assistance. \Ve wish this Centre every success and congratulate it on the work already done. 1PSWICH CENTRE.-" Sister Katharine," of the National Health Society, came to lecture on February I Ith to the members of the N LlI'sing Corps and their friends. Nearly one hundred were present (on a bitterly cold evening) and all were deeply interested in a mo~t valuable and instructive lecture. A very enthusiastic first aid class for !adies is to be examined next week, and it. has resolved itself alreJ.dy 1I1to a stdlla~ger nurs1l1g class. The I psw.lch. Corps of the Brigade is steadily growl11g, and the Postmen are th1l1kl11g of form ing a second divisio.n. Pr~parations are bei?g n;ade for ex.aminations on a large scale 111 Api'll, nearly 200 g0111g 111 for certJficates, vouchers. and medallions. NEATH ABBEY AMBULANCE CLASSES.-On Friday evening, February I5 th , the members of the above branch of the St. John Ambulance Class met together to witness the distrihution of certificates of merit also to make a presentation to Dr. D. LI. Davies (Neath), the lectur~r of the above classes. The evening's business was preceded by an excellent repast, served up in good style at the" Hope and Anchor" Skewen. There were several gentlemen present, including J. E. l\I~ore Esq. chairman, i\Ir. Thomas IIowells, W. IIowell, l\Ir. Edwards, Mr. Thomas; and the hon. sec. J. G. Davies, Esq. The Chairman congratulated the members on presenting such a strong branch of the St. John Ambulance Association. The work enlisted the s),lllpath y of the whole district a nd was most uscful in a brge industrial centre where serious accidents mi".'ht occur. It was a great satisfaction to know that in emergencies they h~d such a 11 umber of proficient persons who could render first aid in the efforts to relieve the injured and 5<we life. They were engaged in a very noble work, and he was glad to see young men take interest in the ambulance work; and he expressed his sympathy with the work which he hoped would continue to prosper. Twenty-three members were presented. for. examination, out of whom 20 'p~ssed ~osL creditably, and great praise IS due to Dr. D.IV1?S for hiS lll:llling efiorts in bringing his classes to such a state of proficlency. I t IS a source of satisfaction to find such a class established in a mining district, and that the Police Force, who are always ready to assist, had joined it.

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REAur~G. -IN connection with the Carey Young People's Society of Christian Endeavour, a class on nursing has been conducted during the ,,:in~er by i\irs. Chard, one of the Sisters of the St. John Amb.ula,l;ce A.ss~ ClatlOn. At the close of the classes :\Irs.Chard was presented wIth Fall el s Life and Works of SL Paul," as a toke n of the appreciation. the members had for her kindness to the class. The annual meetll1g of the Reading Centre of the SL John Ambulance Association took place at the Abbey Hall (kindly lent by :\le:srs. St:tton and Sons) on :\Ionday, the +th insL The Mayor, O\yen RIdley, Esq., took the chaIr, ~nd at ~he close of the business the Reading Corps ga ve a demonstratIOn of First Aid including stretcher drill. ROCHDALE.-~'lrs . C. i\I. Royds distri buted the

certificates a warded to the successful students who attended the Ambulance class taught by Dr. J. P. \Valker, at Duckworth's Temperance Hotel, on Saturday eyening, Februaly 16th. !here were about, 120 persOl:s prese~t, amongst them bell1g the ChIef Constable, :\[r. Charles Bucl~ (super~n tendent of the Rochda le Centre), :\11'. Wm Ingham (depuTty-supeflntendent), Mr. C. H. Catanach (secretary), and :\lessrs. J. I~. SImpson and David Stansfield, of Roy ton. Mr. Ingham, who presided, before calling upon i\lrs. Royds to make the presentation, .ga."e some interesting particulars of the work of t;le ~L. John ~SSOCIatIOn 111 Rochd~le. He said that they had erected SIX boxes, costll1g £2 each, contalllll1g splints, bandages, &c., in different parts of the to\\11, and although they had only been fixed a few months they had been calle? upon very frequently. lIe knew that one box had becn used seven tlme~, a~lother five and a third three. (Hea r, hear.) :\[rs. Royds then dlstnbUled the 'certificates, after which she thanked the. officials of the corps for asking her to take part in the proceedings. M r. Buck, 111 mOYl11g a \'ote of thanks to Mrs. Royds, said that not only she (Mrs. Royds) but also her husband, Colonel Royds, took a deep interest in amb~la.nce work he beinO' president of tbe Rochdale Centre of the ASSOCIatlOn . (App'!ause. ) ~1r. Simpson seconded . After Irs. R oyds had replie~, 1\1 rs. Hall presented Dr. I'.'alker, on behalf of the class, With a surgeon s bag. Dr. I\'alker expressed his thanks for this unexp~cted token of their esteem. Mrs. Hall then prcsented M r. Ingham WIth a handsome umbrella. In replying, i\Ir. Ingham said he had done what he could to further the WOl k of the Association and he should continue to do so. (Applause.) Mr. Buck mo\'ed a Yote of thanks to the chairman. Although he (Mr. Buck) was superintendent .of the corps, Mr. I ~gham took practically all the work, and he had hIS heart and soul In the work. (Hear, hear.) He hoped that the members would rally round him and give him the support which he so earnestly deSIred. (Applause.)

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$t. 30bn Bnlbulance :fl3rtgabe. METROPOLITAN CORPS. \VORK AT \VEM I3LEY P ARK.-On the 23rd ult., when the Southern Counties Cross-Country Championship was competed for at IYembley Park, the IVembley Division of the St. John Ambulance Bri aade under Superin tenden t Pa u ll, did some good work . BeSIdes , there were present t,,·o sergeants an d nln.eteen . :\Ir."" Paull, men. A n office on the ground was fitted up as a temporary hospital, and a room adjoining the dre.!>sing-room. likewise. Twenty-one cases altogether were treated most of these bell1g brought 111 on stretchers by members of the corps.' Among the cases were some of cut feet. and sprains, but the majority were suffering from complete exhaustIOn and collapse . The treatment included bandaging of wounds, warmth, beef-tea, ether, and the application of various restoratives; and the patients .were kert in the temporary hospital until suffiCiently reco vered to admIt of theIr removal. This is a striking illustration of the good work done by the Brigade, as their voluntary ~nd t.imely aid may have averted serious consequences to some of theIr patients. A~IB U LANCE

BARKING DIVISlON .-One is always glad when opportunity offers to mention the useful work our nursing sisters are doing. Our nursing division is now fairly equipped to meet local requirements. 1 am glad to say they find their appli~nces. '\ ery useful. Beyond attendin~ duty with the division our nursmg sisters have attended 52 cases thIS past 4 months in our district and some of long duration; there is still a lot to do and our lady secretary reports that she. w~nts six .o~ .eight mo;e nursing sisters I feel sure there are some ladles 111 our dlvlslOn who wIl l come to the fr~nt and hel p us in our WOI k by taking up their training. On Friday Feb. 22ml, a most enjoyable social evening was spent at the Infant School Room by the nursing sisters and members of the division and their numerous friends. Those present of the divisions were Supt. J. Wells, First Officer J. Garbett, Sergt .. Sim.monds, Sergt. \Veller, Privates Arnett, i\lann, Saunders, &c. ; nursll1g sisters Johnson, Glenny, Arnett, etc.- J. Wells, Superintendent. T(IYNl!EE BALL.- On Tuesday, Malch 5th, the Warden (Calio n Barnett) and the residents of Tuynoee I I all i nvited the members of Ambulance Classes and of the Toynbee Hall DIvision of the brigade to an evening Palty at Tuynbee Jl a;1. 'i.'he guests IlUmber~d about oll e hund l ed and fifty and were received In the large DraWing Room oy Mrs. Harnett. They iucluded. N ulsing S lSt e: f S Faulsttck, J, & E. Mauu,

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[March, 1895.

Chief Supt. W. J. Church B ras ier, Supts , Wi n ny and Horton, 1st offi ~ers K i mbe r and J ennings, Dr . Eddowes, &c. Tn the course of th e evem ng Mr. Mills of Toyn bee Hall, who was largely respo?slb le fo r the .arra nge ments, I equested Mrs. l3arnett to present medal.llOns and ce rllficates to successful candidates. SlIOl t speeches wel'e dell vered by Mrs. Barnett , Canon Barnell and Dr. Eddowes, and on the motion of Supt. Wi nn y a hearty vote of thanks was passed to Can.on and Mrs. Bar.nett for t~lei r hospitality. The par ty then once more adjourned to the SOCIal attJ actlOns of m usic and refreshmtnts.

March, 1895.-'

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~t. ~nbreEo'~ ~mflttlan(e ~~~ociatfon. IIA~lILTON WEsT.-The yearly meeting of C.R. Ambu~ance ~or'ps' Hamilton IVest, took place in the Ambulance nail at IIamllton Eng.me Sheds last month, when the following were elected for tl~e ensUIng year :-Dr. James Adams, presidel;t; i\1r. Alex l?aYldson. (SIgnalman), captain; Mr. John i\l.orton (tImekeeper), YI(:e-captall1; Mr: D. M'Geachan (we10'her) lieutenant; fllr. Ja s. Gnerson (loco. dnver), "ire-lieutenant; ""i\lr. Baillie (brakesman), secretary; i\1 r. Thos. Hamilton (loco. driver), trea surer; Messrs. W. Marro (loco. dnver), R. Brown (ticket collector), and A. PrentI ce, membe~'s of t.he commIttee. There are at present 6+ members on the roll, all.be ll1g l:all",a~ servants at IIamilton and as the corps hold s the CaledollJan R 'll lway Challenge Cup, the mel'nbers must prove \'ery serviceable in. their ris.ky occupation, and deserve every support from the general publtc and raIlway servants.

PROVINC IAL CORPS. BrGGLESWADE.-c\ Meeting of the certificated members of the late .\.mbulance Classes, was held at the Fire Station on the 1+th ultimo, to consider the question of forming a permanent branch of the St. John Ambulance Association, ;\Ir. D. i.\,l . Spong, presiding. After some dIScussion a sub-committee was appointed to go into the matter, draw up rules and report at an adjourned meeting. The adjourned meeting was held at the same place on the 1st inst., when most of the members were present, and it wa s deciJed to become affiliated to the St. John. Ambulance BriO'ade by forming a co rps at Blggleswade. A commIttee of managem~lIt \~as appointed with II. Chaundler, Esq., President; .The Rev. \V. P. Henderson, Vice-President; i\[r. D. :\1. Spong (Captam of the Fire BrigaJe), Superintendent; i.\lr. \V. Perry Thomas, Inspector of Stores; and :\1r. ~. Smi th, Hon. Secretary and Treasurer. • ORTHA~IPTO:-.'.-Kl:>lGSTHORPE DIVISlO:-.1.-0n the qth February, a concert succeeded by a Jance was held on the occasion of members of this division qualifying for first aid, and the formation of the Kingsthorpe Division of tl:e Northampton Corps. An excellent programme was O'one throuab the Rev. E. L. Tuson presiding. The division went fllrough exc~Jl~n t stretcher and bandaging exercises under Supt.Trenery, an accident havina occurred at the rear of the hall by a seat gIvIng way, throwinO' all the"" occupants to the ground, first aid was promptly rendered by the members of the Kingsthorpe Division. lIon. Surgeon Kennedy expressing his pleasure at the efficient manner in whi ch the injured were trea.ted. TRA)lSPORT SERVICE.-Ther~ ha\'e been five cases of litter anJ ambulance wagon transport dunng the past month, in which ten men and one officer ha\'e been engaged. DUSTON DlVISIo);'.- On the 27th of February the inauguration of the above division took place by the members organizing a meat tea and entertainment. Dr. Greene kindly presided and congratulated the members on obtaining their certificates in a genial and encouraging speech. There were also present Supt . Trenery and Supt. Olney of Northampton. The division is 25 strong and shows great promise. On February 21st, the Northampton Ama teur Dramatic and Mu sical Society held its inaugural performance at the . orthampton TO\\I1 lI~Jl in a id of the funds of the local corps. As an ll1stance of the populanty of the work of the St. John Ambulance Brigade in orthampton as well as of the excellent performance provided, it must be stated that hundreds were unable to gain admittance owing to the crowded state of the hall. A second performance ha \'ing to be given on M arch 1st; also a crowded house. Tbe whole was under the most distinguished patronage. \VINSFORD.-On Monday, March 4th, a horse and cart with driver pitched over a \ ery steep embankment. The .horse :vas not . hurt, but the cart was smashed up and the man very senously II1Jured II1ternally and crushed. First aid was rendered by Privates Boden, Dewson and MuJlock who took him home on a litter in an unconsci ous condition, where h~ was placeU under the care of Dr. O'Kelly. Superintendent Heathcote ran to the scene of the accident, but the abO\'e named members of the corps had already removed the patient home. II\TELLING BORO'-~ URS ING DIVISION,-More cases have been on hand during the past six weeks than at any previous time, and much good work has been done, and if necessary another fully qualified hospital nurse will be engaged to assist the Vueen's nurse. 12 cases ha ve been reported during the month, viz. fractures, 4, dislocations, I, paralytic stroke, I, wounds, 4, sprain, I, scalds, I ; the only one tha t calls for special mention is the following . 'W ednesday, Peb . 27th, a call was made at II.IS a .m., from the vVellingboro' Iron Co.'s stone pits for wagon and surgeon. Supt. lIilton and Dr. Gosling immediately proceeded to the company's works with the horse ambulance. I t appears that Jo seph Chambersin attempting to break a dynamite charge, caused the charge to explode, which shattered his left hand, a!so causing injuries to right hand, jaw an d eyes and geneml shock Pm'ates Poole and Seabrooke (who are or. the works), showed great presence of mind and rendered valuable first aid. Hot bricks were obtained, wrapped up in their coats and applied to patient's feet, and the hrel1lorrhage stopped. Dr. Goslin a on arrival rendered further assistance and ordered immediate re~oval to Northampton Infirmary, Supt. Hilton, Privates Poole and Seabrooke took charge of the case right through to Infirmary. The patient is going on well. On the 26th a successful performance in aid of the uniform and equi pment fund of the corps was held and nearly £20 were handed over to the fWld .

AIRDRIE.-The I'\orth British Railway (Airdrie District) Ambulance Class met in McL elland's H all, Airdrie, on Friday night, February 1st, in the form of a social meeting, the occasion being the presentation of a testimonial to Do ctor Thomson for his sen'ices as lectu rer, and the presenting' of certificates and medallions to t~e successful members. U pwarJs of 300 people were present.. the hall bell1g pac~ed to the door. The chair was ably occupIed by BaIlIe Donald. fllr. NIven, IIlspector, was called upon to make the presentation, ",hich took the form of an easy chail ; and in handing o\er the present, he referl ed to the aole and p;linst.lki.ng way in ",hich the D?ctor had conduCled the class, mentlon ina that he only expressed the mll1(\ of each member of the class when he"said that a more energetic and efficient lecturer it was impossible to get. Dr. Thomson, in replying, said it had given him great pleasure to take the class in hand, a pleasure to him to see the way they all attended to the lectures, and last, but not least, a pleasure to see such a gratifying report from the St. f\nd rew's f\mbul ance Association, th~re not being a sin g le failure. A most enjoyable eyening was spent by all present. During the evening Mr. Sangs~er, captain of the corps, w~s presented with a gold-mounted "alklng-stlck, as a mark of the esteem 111 which he is held by the Class. Dl':-.1llLANE.-In November last an Ambulance Class was started at Dunblane Station, Caledonian Railway, through the energy of the stationma~ter, Mr. Ma cnaughton. Twenty-nine names were handed in, and the attendance has been very reg-ular. The medical lecturer was Dr. Charles Bro"n , whose ability as a lecturer was highly appreciated by the class. On Tuesday nigh t, 12th ult., the class was exam ined by Dr. Beath, C.B., Stirling, On "The physiology of the human body," and afterwards went through a course of stretcher drill. All the members of the Class passed except one. On Tuesday evening, 26th ult., the memb ers of the Ambulan ce Class, with several friends, met in one of the waiting-rooms of the Caledonian Railway at Dunblane, when the certificates from the St. Andrew's i\ ssociati on were presented to those who had passed. The chair "'as occupied by ;\11'. Ma cnaughton, the popular stationmaster. Certificates were presented by the Re". Dr. Blair. Dr. Brown, the lecturer, was afterwards presented with a diamond pin. GLASGO\\'.-The first annual competition for the Glasgow and South Western Railway Co .'s splendid silver challenge cup for proficiency in ambulance work took place on March 2nd, commencing at noon . There were 23 squads of five men each, and they represented all parts of the Glasgow and South iVestern Railway syste m. The competition was under the direction of Dr. Dalziel, oversman, while Dr. Clark and Dr. Macphee conducted the oral examination, Dr. Beith and Dr. Dunlop the practical. These examinations were held in different rooms simultaneously, and four squads an hour were dealt with. The meeting was opened by Mr. Cockburn, superintendent of the line, Mr. Evans, of the College Divi sion, having announced that the general manager was unable through indisposition to do so. Mr. Cockburn brieOy thanked the medical gentlemen for the as istance given, and announced that there would be a time limit in the competitions, time being a mo st important factor in railway accidents. Am ong those present were Mr. Graham and Mr. M'Intosh, of the goods depa rt ment; :.vrr. Hutcheson, factor for the company; Mr. Evans, superintendent of the College Division; Mr. Gillies, the secreta ry; Dr. J. ~. Sutherland, and others. The examiners' report is as follows :-" IVe beg to report t hat the result of the Glasgo w and outh " 'estern Rail"ay ambulance chal lenge cup competition, conducted by us to-day, is as follows:the first prize is awarded to squad 13, second prize squad IS, and third prize squad L The examiners beg to express themseh'es as highly pleased with the general knowledge of the various squads; all exhibited thoroughly sound knQwledge of the principles of first aid. The company is to be congr:.rtulated on possessing over their system so many tra ined men whose serv ices could be called upon in any case of emergency, The arrangements for the carrying out of the competition were admirable." Squad No. 13 belongs to IIurlford, ='10. IS to Dumfries, and No. I to St. Enoch Station.

1j ire }$rig-abe jfl ot e~t The annll1.1 meeting of the :;'\"ational Fire Brigade Union was held at the 1 lolborn Restaurant, on Monday, ~larch +th. In the absence of the President, Captain ir Eyre ~1. Shaw, C. 11., the chai r was first taken by Colonel Sea brooke, Chief Officer, Rugby Fire Brigade, and subsequently by Captain J. Sexton Symonds, Chief Officer, Metropolitan (Jorps. r\ great deal of routine business was got through and several gentlemen were elected Life ~Iembers of the Union in recognition of \'aluable services rendered. Subsequently a banquet was held at which the chair was occupied by Sir]' Puleston, ;'II.P. The usu:J.I loyal toasts were duly honoured and during the e\'ening, on behaif of the members of the Uli'on, presented C.lptain Horace Folker, General Honorary Se'retary, with a handsome Illuminated Address and a Cheque:J.s some slight rccognition of the very \'aluable services he Ind rendered to Fire Brigade work in general and our o"n Union in p:uticuLu. Ikl \'0, lIorace, I was pleased to see it. You ha\'e w<lrked well and the boys recognise that much of the" cudos" which no" attache; to the Union is Jue to yourself. Surgeon Russell and Chief uperintendent Church Brasier were both present and comparfd notes during the e\'cning, both, r belie\'e, were lInanimolls in the expression or opinion th~lt it was time that we h.ld a com"lete register of ,\ mbulance Firemen. .\'ow then Chief Officers, don't all speak at once but hurry up those returns in accordance" ith the instructions in the Annual Report.

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Qra lei)'on fan ltaiIbJap ambulance QtfJalIenge Qi up.

:\rEETIXG was held in the Caledonian Railway Board Room yesterd;lY, when the challenge cup which was won in the recent competition by I:-:Iamilton \i'est Corps was presented to the successfu l team, \\ith gold and sih'er badges to the first and second prize teams. ;'1[1'. James Thom pson, general manager of tbe company, presided. Th ere were also present Lord De;ln of Guild BrO\\'I1, one of the directors of the company; :'I1r. BLlckburn, secretary; :\[r, Patrick, assistant general manager; :\It Kempt, general superintendent; i.\1r. IIillhouse, general goods manager; .\II'. iH'fntosh, locomoti,'e super intendent; 11r. Currer, district superintendent; :\[r. Humphrey, treasurer; :\[r. Lorimer, stores superintendent; :\Ir. Robb, carting superintendent. :'II r. :\l'Caull , plant superintendent; :\11'. St~\'en, signal superintendent; :\1r. Anderson, Sayings Bank; :'Ilr. Blackstock, general manaaer's office; and :\[1'. Aitken, SL c\.ndl ew's Ambulance Association. "":\Ir. Thompson, in making the presentation, said that the moyement for providing ambulance instruction at the \';H ious centres on the Caledonian line had now been in operation for some time, and that severa l years ago the directors and officers of the compa ny had direc ted special attention to it. TIe observed that in 1888 there were eight orO'anised corps upon the line, with about 250 members. At the pre se~t time there " 'ere twenty-four corps, with abollt 8eo members, and in addition there were a great number of men attending classes and acquirinO' instruction on the rendering of first aid. There were regularly cO~lsti tuted corps at r:oln~adie, . Car~tairs, S.c. Rollox, Stirling, Eglington St'eet, Larbert, CarlIsle, HamIlton (1\ est), :'I[other"'ell, RutherO'len Brechin, ,\ berdeen, Perth, Dundee, Edinburgh, Gourock, i\ndro~san' Greenhill, IYhifflet, Buchanan Street (goods), Friockheim, :\.roroath: \Iossend, and K ilbirnie. The whole of these corps were attached to the St . •\ndrcw's i\. ssociat ion, with the exception of four whi ch were attached to the St. John's i\ ssociatio n. i\Ir. Thompson explained that this "as the third competition ",hich had taken place for the ChallellO'e Cup and prizes presenteu by the directors. On two pre\ious occasio~s the first prize had been won by . Eglington Street teams, and on the present occa.sion by: Ha milton ("'est) team, EalintOI1 ~treet coming second on thIS occasIOn. The names of the members of the winninO' teams were :-llamilton team-.·\lex. Davidson, signalman; Thoma~ H an'ey, signalman; \Yilliam Frame, ticket collector; Daniel :'II 'Glasha n, :--'tratha \'en JlInct ion ; J ohn ;\I orton, timekeeper. Eglinton Street tea 111George Ma cBeth, booking clerk; Robert llal liday, parcel porter' \Vm. Mars hall Lowe, shunter; James Forrest, signalman; Jame ~ Ireland, foreman. Twelve teams took part in the rompetitioll, and it was explained tha t each corps 01 centre "as limited to sendina one team to the competiti on. The whole of the competitors had beel~ very close, and the medical O'entlemen who conducted the practical and oral examinations had great difficulty in arriving at a decision. The

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[March, 1895 .

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examiners were Professor James Dunlop, Dr. J. E. Brodie, Dr. J. F. Sutherland, Dr. 'V. B. Moir, and Dr. D. N Knox. TIe (Mr. Thompson) and the directors " ere sa tisfied with the result of the competitions and the goud effect they \I'ere haying in encouraging .111lhulanl·c \\''' 1 k ah'llg the line. lI e h;ld llluch pleasure in presenting the pri zes. 11r. Hugh Brown expressed his pleasure in attending, and said that in his connection \Ii th the infirmary during the last tIYenty-fil'e years his experience in many cases had been that the injuries sustained by people were O'reatly in creased and aggravated by the treatm ent between the time the accident occurred and the admission to the infirmary. light accidents often become very grave through inefficient a ttenti on and want of knowledge in re11llering first aid. [Ie and his co-directors cordially sup por ted anything connected with this movement for providing inst ruct ion in ambulance wor k, and he \l'as " ery glad to h ear that the number of men on the line able to give such aid was on the increase. Mr. Kempt, general superintendent, said that he hoped that they were approaching the time when all the young men in the service of the company would qualify themselves for this work. Mr. Da vidson, on behalf of the Hamilton (West) team, thanked the general manager for making the presentation, and sa id they would take good care of the cup. :0: - - - -

jfirst Bib 1Recorb.

ACCTDI1NT 0:-1 THE UNDERGROUND RAILWAY.-On 'W ednesday, March 13th, a man named Sayward jumped in front of an engine coming into :\locirgate Street Stat ion . He was picked up suffering from severe wounds to the forehead, fa ce and arm, and bleeding freely. He appeared also to have sustained injuries to the spine. Sup t. IV. II. 'W inny (Toynbee IIa li Division) who happened to be on the platform, dressed the injuries and superintended his removal by the poli ce to the hospital. A R ECORD.-Fireman \Voolgar of Carshalton possesses a most honourable record for first aid rendered on many occasions. Ile first passed the St. J ohn Ambulance examination in 1886 and has since passed three times, and has kept a record of all the occasions when he has been able to hel p his fellow men, from which we cull a few specimens :-" Raker and lady driving in pony cart, both thrown out, lady's face cut and temporal bleeding, bathed and bandaged wound." "Man riding high hicycle upset by dog, face cut and se\' ere nose hleeding, handaged." "Man thrown out ofcaxt in colli sion, bad sca lp wound an d slight concussion, face cut badly, washed wound, and bandaged hi m up." "i\let a chi ld choking with bit of apple in its throat, gOL it out just in time." "Came across a man on Sutton Hill lying in a fit of apoplexy, bystanders said he had been lying so for an hour, applied usual remedies and got police stretcher and took him to hospital." .. ;\lan thrown from horse and cut hi s head against an iron bar, bandaged ." "\\Talking up the street came across a man lying on the edge of path, seemingly a navvy, worse [or drink, had fallen on curb and wa s lying in a pool of blood, borro wed scissors fr om public hou se and cut away hair, a cut z! in. long, t in. wide, bathed and cleaned it and bandaged him up and sa,w him taken to doctor." "At a school treat some children were playing with hu rdles, one overbalanced and the sharp end flew up, ripped up a ch ild 's thigh a nd cut the main artery, stopped the bleed ing, bandaged him, got wooden hurdle as stretcher, and drove to hospital in cart with straw." "Driver of a cart was thrown off and broke his leg, compound fracture, set it with aid of po:iceman, and used a gentleman's walking-stick and P .C.'s truncheon wra pped up in a sack for splints." "A girl watching men throwing the hammer was struck over the eye and rendered insensible, large flesh woun d, bathed and bandaged." "Little girl drank some disinfecting fluid from bottle, burnt her mouth and throat, gave oi l, and she recovered." "Man in paper mills trod on stick lyi ng around and dislocated his ankle, put it back and band aged tight, and took to doctor, he left it till morning and then put on starch bandage." "Heard a man was lying two mile s off with broken leg, ran and found him, broken leg, the ends sticking through the skin with arterial bleeding, top of head scalped, a nd nose and face cut and bruised badly, cut his trousers up, whi ch were frozen; stopped the bleeding and set the leg, the ambulance having come with spl in ts, bandaged the leg and dressed the other wounds, he was taken to hospital." " Two men in a cart, horse shied and threw one out, who was dragged head down wards, the horse was Slopped at great ri sk, which saved th e man's life: he was {lot much h urt ." "Called to a fire and found the mother out and kitchen in flames, a little child reaching for sugar upset the lamp and was dreadfully burned about the face and shou lders, some people threw water over her and made it worse, got the child out and wrapped her in a apron, put the fire out, and then dressed the child's burns with oil and cotton wool, a heartrending task, and took her to the hospital where she died three hours after." lIere is a few years record! ::'\ot much you say? \Vell perhaps not, looked at as regards quantity; but if everyone was as active and ready to do what came to hand, and as prepared by pi ev iou s study, there would be much less suffering in the world than there is. Thi s just shows what ca n be dOBe in a casual way, if only people would interest th emselves in ambulance work. ~o many come across accidents and su ffering and are utterly at a loss to kn ow what to do, and very often only succeed in making things worse. 'Vhy not begin and learn at once? It is a very little thing and costs you no trouble, and surely if ever any work carried the Master's seal of blessing with it, this does.

Q!orrt~pon])"tnce. We do not 1lecessan7y zaentify ourselves wz"th the vzews i,eld by Oftr correspoJldeJlts.

TWO-HANDED SEAT. To THE EDITOR OF "FIRST AID." SIR,-May I be allowed to call attention to the method of forming " two-handed" seat, which Chief Surgeon Osborn states in hi s book (First Aid Ambulance L ectures, third edition, pages roo & 101) to be "the only proper way of joining hands." My slight experience seems to point to the fact that the way Dr. Osborn condemns is beller, but perhaps some expert in Ambulance work will kindly give me and your readers his opinion on the subject. Yours, &c., March 2nd, 1895. "NOVICE." BRIGADE A~D ASSOCIATION WORK. To THE EDITOR OF "FIRST AID." SIR,-Vlould it not be well to give information in First Aid as to the way to set about entering the St. John Ambulance Brigade, with the qualifications as to age, cost of uniform, &c. 1 am sure there are many first-a iders who would be glad to attach themsel\'es to some body so that the knowledge they have obtained in the classes may not be wholly lost; for how many are there who wi thin, say, twelve months after obtaining their cer tificates remember that which they learned , and who, just at the very moment when their service s were needed, wou ld not hesitate to unde rtake first aid in a serious case. l, for one, would like to be an acbve member of the St. John Am l:Julance Brigade if I only knew how to set about it. Your s faithfully, February 20th, 1895. A. G. [We shall be glad to pu bl ish the parti culars asked for.-ED .J

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS 'ViII be paid to the Representatives of the purchaser of FIRST AID in case of death as provided below, by The Sickness and Accident Assuranc e Association. Lt.d. ITead Office :-2 +, YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH. London Office :-6+, i\IOOl{GATE STHEr.T. LONDON, E.C. T o whom notice of Claims under the fo llowing co nditi ons must be sent WITHIN THREE DAYS. Applicable 'to Passenger T rains in Gr eat Britain & Ireland. ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by the above Insurance Company to the Legal representati ves of any person killed by an accident to the train in which the deceased was a n ordinary passenger, or who shall have been fatally injured thereby, should death re sult within 2+ hours after such accident. Provided that at the time of such accident the person so killed or fatally inj ured was the owner of FIRST AID for the current month, containing this Coupon legibly sign ed with his or her usual signature in ink or pencil, both time and signature being of the essence of the contract.

£1 00

SIgnature .................................................... ,................................................ . Address ....................... This In surance is limited to one Coupon to each h older, and is not invalidated by any In surance with this or any other Accident Company. 1t is subject to the ordinary conditions of the Association's Accident P olicies, and is in force from midnight, 15th March, r 895, until midnight, 15th April, 1895.

"FIRST AID" AJournal devoted to Ambulance Work. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEME~T~~ d. o 6 6 One inch, single column o 13 6 •• Eighth page " 1 fj o Quarter " 2 fj o Half 4 0 o Whole , When a series of inserti0ns of the same advertisement is ordered, a discount is given on the above scale. Apply to tlte Publishe1'SALAN PALMER & REED, 11, Ludgate Hill, London,E.C. FIRST-AlDERS de 1;irous of obtaining patticulars of the variou s Books, Charts, &c., published in the interests of First Aid and Nursing Work, should apply to-ALAN PALMER 4' REED, "First Aid" Offices, 11, L>~dgate Hill, London, B.C.

Printed for the Propnetors by W, J. GOODE, 88, Clerkenwell Road, and publirhed by ALAN PU10lEB and REED, at 11, Ludjiate Hill, E.U

A No.

JOURNAL

IO. -VOL. I.

DEVOTED

[EnteredatStatiollers' Hall.J

APR IL, 1895 .

AMBULANCE

•

'WORK. PRICE ONE PEN Y.

Another case occurs to me in which a once flourishing local tradesman was ruined, and hi s family reduced to beggary and starvation. An epidemic of scarlet fever broke out in a certain district, and by some SPECIALLY CONTRIBUTED BY A FI RST-AmER. unlucky in spiration one of the local medicos imbibed the notion that the scar latina germs were conveyed in milk, it be ing a matter of fact that a chi ld at the dairy had been infected. Upon enquiry, this enlightened No. 1. practitioner discovered that no less than eight (it might hal'e been eighty!) families supplied from this dairy were also attacked . From [tis frail F you throw a stone into a body of water a splash is created, large or small accord ing to the size of the stone, and the disturbance evidence a scare against the milk supplied by this dairy was raised and spread like wildfire, encompassing the ruin of all industrious tradesman thus caused extends in wave-rin gs which produce a spreading tremor throughout the mass that grows weaker and weaker hy degrees until it upon absurd suppositions whi.::h a little" first-aider" reasoning would dies away in th e distance, or breaks upon the bank opposed to iL. I have speedily dispersed. Out of over two hundred families supIJlicd from this dairy only eight were affected, th.e remain ing one hundred and take thi s to be a very good metaphor descripti l'e of the scare that follows a case of sickninety-two unaffected ness or death followbeing pretty strong ing the partaking of evidence against the doctor's theory. The any particular food. In such cases the eight cases mentioned food is at once susrepresented less than pected, more espeone twentieth of the cially if it happens to cases reported, which be one of the "tinled to the great disned" variety, concovery that no less cerning which prethan twenty-seven judi cial opinions are were supplied by '1noeasily raised, and as ther single dairy. Yet /(((( I ' " freely given. That the fiat had gone forth . the trade in tinned the insidious sl\O'gestion had found yen t, foods is n ot an nihilated cannot be attri and spread like wildbuted to the lack of fire to the end narrascares against it or ted; but if you "ere unmerited con demnto accuse that doctor ations, for with these of gross injustice he we are periodically would assure you that visited at short interhe only did his duty. vals. But they do The recent scare not last ; they die out about the typhoid in an almost unfever conveyed in natural manner, conoysters is another of sidering the vast imthose very indefinite portance attached to accusations that create In their existen ce. scares, and we are all the course of many familiar with others . years' experience in It is our duty as the analysis of foods "first-aiders" to stay 1 have found that them-we must con. h a very few ex-' WIt stitute ourselves the ceptions, these scares banks upon which the Rpprod/'ced by killri1'ermissilJlL oj the PI'opl'ielors oj" '1'''e I/lustrated >P'" lilly emei Dramatic N t le.< ," are without reasonwavesofrumourare to able foundation. This be broken and disCROSS COUNTRY CII1U1PIO~SHJP, WE;\IBLEY PARK. may be regarded as a persed. As the result Am bulance IVork by the members of the 'Vembley Division St. John Ambulance Brigade, bold statement to of carefu l training, referred to in our last issue. make, and one that and the exercise of requires confirmation intelligence and skill, before it can be unyou are enabled to conditionally acce pted. In the course of the articles on this subject remain calm and collected during periods of excitement and confusion. Ah! it is a blessed th in g to be a trained first -aider. I am i~vited to contribute to the pages of "FmsT AID," I hope Now with regard to genuine cases of "poisonous foods "-for they to convlllce readers tllat the stat ement is substan tia lly correct, and do exist, and sometimes where least expected-is not it remarkable that that a very large proportion of the "poisonous food" scares are una noxious food will affect different people differently? Does it not occur founded. Let me give you a few examples tbat hav e come under my ow n personal ken-dates are not of any momen t. to you that this is undeniable el'idence in favour of the theory that what is one man's meat is another man's poison? \Vhich sign ifies that A farmer ind ulging in tinned sa lm on is sudden ly seized wi th a violent one person may consume with impunity, comparative or absolute, lIle fit of cl~oking and vomiting, whi ch speedily terminated fatally . The food that by its unfortunate nature would kill another, or cause mLich do~tor ll1 aLLendance arr ivin g too late, and finding no apparent cause for th iS state of affa irs, turned hi s attention to the salmon, carel'Lllly colbodily harm or discomfort. This fact mllst be accepted for whaL it is lected what remained and forwarded to me for exam in ation. I found \\orth . It teaches us that \Ie cannot judge of the strength or nature of no trace of poisonous matter of any kind. A subsequent post mortem a poison by its effect upon individuals. \Vhen " tinned " foods were first introduced amongst us the medical revealed the fact that a piece of the fi sh had been jammed in the g loLLis faculty inv eighed aga in st them in no measured terms. l\Ietallic poisonand h~ld there ~ightly until suffocation set in and completed t he disaster. In spite of thIS complete exoneration of the sa lmon, t he prej udice ing would certainly be t he result; indeed, it was next to madness to created. against it had its influ ence, which gradually died out by preserve food in tin. 'W hat has been the result of this wholes,de denunciation? That, in spite and defiance of this wholesale condemexh~u~tlol11. but not .~efore the producers had suffered commercially unJustly. That some of the family presel!t who had lik ewise partaken of nation, fo ods preserved in hermetically sea led tins now form one of the the salmon were affected by sympathetic nausea \I'as only natural, and most popular modes of preserving delicate foods, and one of the giant Confirmatory of the scare, industries of the coun try. I am not going to gi ve the names or quote

lSoi~onou5> .droob'~.

FIRST

the printed words of the many medical opponents of preserving foods in tins-they are legion. Some rnaintain their opinions, and will to the end, that all foods preserved in tins must become contam inated with tin, and are therefore poisonous j others say, II may be contaminated," and others again, myself amonO'st the number, assert that either view is an absurdity provided pure tin is used for the making of canisters-that neither red-lead nor lead-solder are used in sea.ling-and the foods were fresh and good when put into the tins, and the sealing is hermetic. That a strong prejudice exists in favour of preserving foods, especially, and fruits in glass or earthenware jars and bottles, is the result of a II tin-poison" scare, but so far as the quality of the food and its condition before preserving are concerned, as well as hermetic sealing, apply equally to tin or glass. I must be excused for giving so much attention to this question of tinpoiso ning, whIch has little or no true existence, because it constitutes in itself one of the principal prejudices against tinned foods. A North of England firm has recently established a company for preserving foods in glass, and very advisedly, too, for foods in glass can be made very tempting to the eye you can see what you are huying. But that any further advantage can be claimed so far as II poisoninO' " is concerned is unfounded, the danger being equally divided between the two, and both cases depending upon the quality and condition of the food before preserving, and the hermetic state of the seal. Let us pause here to modify one part of the foregoing statement which is intended to apply to first class foods only. Unfortunately for the reputation of tinned foods generally, there do exist upon the face of this wicked world certain manufacturers who are not so particular as they ought to be j consequently, in the eagerness to undersell, the various processes of tinning, as well as the foods themselves, are not of the most expensive kind; hence it is not unusual to find a bad defaulting sample now and again, which casts a shildow of suspicion over the whole trade. Tinned foods sold at an undercutting price - say at a reduced figure to that generally ranging the market-you will do well for all concerned to advise being left severely alone. (To be continued).

- - - - :0 : - - - -

tlnlbulance <!ompetttton at <!besterfielb. AT the Stephenson Memorial Hall, Chesterfield, ;\[arch 27th, an ambulance competition took place under the auspices of the St. John Ambulance Association j the fixture, which we understand will be an annual one, attracted a large attendance, notwithstanding the night was very wet. The success of the competitors was due to a very large extent to the indefatigable efforts of Mr. Geo. Allcock, of the passenger department, Midland Railway, Chesterfield. The tradesmen and other residents in the town had showed much sympathy with the movement, and a handsome prize list, amounting in value to over £25, was the result. The ~1ayor of Chesterfield (Ald. W. B. Robinson) presided, and in the course of his remarks, said the competition gave an opportunity to those who had attended the ambulance classes in the town and neighbourhood to show how far they had benefited by the instruction given to them. They were all deeply interested in the Assoc iation, and knew the value of its work. Those who travelled by the railway, and those who were employed at the various works in the locality were all liable to accidents, and it was a very good thing, indeed , to haye someone to look after them, and render first-aid. He hoped this competition would result in a larger number of young men joining the classes. All works of any size, as well asall collieries, and, certainly rail way stations, ought to have plenty of men used to ambulance work . He was sorry to say that was not always the case. It was, however only necessary for men to possess an average intelligence to gain a fair knowledge of ambulance work. It was necessary that the aid rendered should be prompt, and ambulance men should also try to cultivate a sympathetic spirit, for a kindly word, combined with an action done in a kindly manner, would do much good to the sufferer. The events on the programme were TO. I, Treatment of wounds and bleeding; No.2, Treatment of fractures j NO.3, restoration of apparently drowned, and carrying without a stretcher j and NO.4, Class Competition : Treatment of injured and stretcher exercise for teams of four. There were se'/en teams competing, viz.: two from the Midland Railway, Chesterfield; Wells & Co., Limited, Eckington; Grassmoor Colliery j Midland Railway, Sheepbridge j Hardwick Colliery, IIeath ; and Loco. Department, Hasland. Entries for the first three events were received from Markham & Co., Chesterfield, Dronfield, Birmingham, North "\\'ingfield, Eckington, Brampton, and Carnforth. The medical gentlemen who acted as judges were Dr. Gould, Medical Officer of Health for the borough; Dr. '-Ihaw, of the hospital; Dr. W. \V. Robinson, and Dr. J. II. Booth. The proceeJings were enlivened by Mr. ll. N. Big-gan '5 hand. ~urgeon-;,rajor Ilutton attended, and gave a brief address on ambulance work.

[April, 1895.

AID.

1Rotes. By II TOURNIQUET ." A VERY old college friend of mine has just brought to my notice an article in The Medical Times and Hospital Gazette on II Some ' otes on First Aid." The article in question appeared in the issue of January 26th, and for pure and unadulterated rancour and venom commend me to it. I am not one of those who will insist that Shepherd's First Aid Manual, the Text Book recommended for the classes of the St. John Ambulance Association, is perfect, but abuse is not argument, and to cull a few stray passages and to pick them to pieces with ~the obvious intention of damaging the Association which is responsible for the issue of it and similar works, is unworthy of anyone interested in ambulance work. Many of the writer's remarks, too, are an insult to first-aiders. For instance, with regard to applying a tourniquet-not a capital T, please printer-he says, "A word may be 5.:'lid about the , knot on the bandage.' Knots and pads can be properly applied only by skilled manipulators; they are not necessary, and first aid pupils are more likely to do harm than good by using them."

*- *-

* examiners of the Association inNow, my experience is that the variably give a candidate extra points i[ he or she has the ready wit to use the" knotted handkerchief" as a tourniquet. But, there, space prevents my dealing further with the subject. ~

As the writer himself says, ." L~'~ic is not a strong feature of the natural man."

*-,'I- *' I AM glad to see that the compliment paid to Dr. Nachtel has gi,'en great satisfaction to our French confreres, one of whom has written a letter to Le Courier de Londres et de lEurope, the leading French newspaper published in England. I think many of our readers would like to know of this letter. I have therefore had it translated, and. with the Editor's sanction, I am publishing it in my columns. I, in common with many other first-aiders, cordially endorse the sentiments of the writer, and will gladly welcome that time when they will be generally accepted by the world at large.

*-oJ!. *' COPY .] CORRESPONDENCE. We received the following letter which we are pleased to publish as it shows once more the immense services rendered to all nations, by societies founded for the humane purpose of saving life and helping the injured . Also the very important part these societies play in the noble efforts to maintain peace in the civilized world. To the Editor of" Le Couner de Londres et de l' Europe." Dear Sir,-"\Vill you kindly allow me a little space in your valuable newspaper, as my excuse is to plead the cause of humanity, and to be, J :lm certain, the faithful interpretel of the proud but legitimate feeling of the medical profession and of all persons interested in ambulance work in civil life, by stating publicly the very graceful compliment which has been paid to Dr. Nachtel, the founder of the Paris Ambulance Service, by an English newspaper, II FIRST AID." This newspaper is one devoted to ambulance work; both civil and military ambulance matters being dealt with, and the number in which Dr. i'\ achtel's portrait appears, contains a brief account of the Paris Ambulance Service of which he was the pioneer. It is such acts of international courtesy that do more to knit the people of all civilized countries together, than any lengthy Jiplomatic discussions. Different corps of the French Fire Brigade have paid several visits to England-English Firemen also visited France officially several timesthey have, on both sides, been most cordially received and welcomed. This fact being established, could I not bring before the competent authorities and before your readers, the suggestion that a like courtesy be extended to the large and noble voluntary organization-" Th e St. John Ambulance Brigade," whose work and mission is essentially unselfish, humanitarian and peaceful. Leaving aside all shades of political and religious opinions and all . difference of nationalities-" Pro Utduate Hominum" is its motto. Having had the honour of being received a member of this Society, [ may mention tbat the friendly and brotherly manner with which;I was received by the Medical Staff, the Chief Superintendent VV. J. Church Brasier, the officers, and the members, is above all praise. I hope that the humanitarian work and example set by this Society will shortly prove to all nations of the civilized world that the art of war will have to give way before the reign of peace and love of humanity. Trusting you will excuse this long letter, and thanking you for your hospitality, I beg to remain, dear sir, yours very sincerely, A. PONCE ROT. Membre de la Croix Rouge Fran<; lise, de la St. John Ambulance Brigade, chef de section des Sauveteurs du den).iers. Adieu. oJ,;.

0$,<

oJ!.

The St. John Ambulance Brigade'S Concer t on the 2 1st ult. was a grand success. I suppose I ought to say th e Concert promoted by the Metropolitan Corps. I was most pleased to see some of the country officers present, notwithstanding the Boot War.

April, 18 95 .J

FIRST

OF course, a programme containing a list of 4I artistes, most of them with two turns, could not be got through in one night, and it speaks ,veil for the management- that more than half of the items were given. Encores were not allowed, but an exception had to be made for Mr. Arthur Ling who sang II Then we had another." The audience would not be quiet until he gave another. Mr. Cecil Beryl Graeme'was exceed ingly clever with a piece of felt which he called a hat. The young lady, the schoolmaster, and the nurse were excellent. I understand that Mr. Graeme is an officer in the Metropolitan Corps. But where was the old lady? I SAW the following lines on the programme :-" Come and kiss your Honey on the lip, Some do it this way, Sometimes, not often, You can't be too particular, The Curate, Then we had another." It looks somewhat strange. Il may be connectec.l with first-aid work in some way. Perhaps Mr. Morgan can expla in. oJ,;.

oJ!.

I EXPECT he was thinking of Easter Monday. *",'II HEARD it whispered that some pro\ i ncia 1 member s were a wee little bit displeased at some of the remarks in this column about the Conference. I may say that they were my individual opinions, :lnd no one else is responsible for them. If anyone is ever dissa tisfied at what he sees in this column, he has only to write to me, and I \\ill do what I can to rectify it. ow, don't all write at once.

oJ,;.

*' the very numerous congratulaI MAY mention, however, that among tory lellers which have been received relative to the Conference number, I have recei"ed but one finding fault, and that is anent my query as to who was the Chairman?

*' of the country" are wild at the THE writer says that all in his part totally uncalled for remarks anent their popular doctor, and in a c.listricl where the medical profession do not support us, well it is hardly good enough to sit on those who do." %

-;,.<

oJ!.

Now, with every desire to propitiate this good gentleman, I think his letter is a trifle uncalled for. My remarks were fair criticism on a proceeding, which caused much comment at the time. I can understanc.l our kindly and courteous Commi ssioner paying the compliment to the Doctor, but what I still maintain is that the latter gentleman would have been better advised had he declined it, and sat amongst his own officers; the question could not then have been raised that he was trying to influence the chair. II

''I-

IN spite of this explanation, I am quite willing to express regret if I have unintentionally hurt the Doctor's feelings, but first-aiders will have learned by this time that this paper is intended not only to praise good work where found, but also to condemn what is believed to be against the interest of the work we all have so much at heart. - - - :0:---

Q!ottt~ponlJ en( t . We do not necessanly zdentzfy ourselves 7.ozHz the vzews held bv our cor1'espondents. To TIlE EDITOR OF II FIRST Am." SIR - I think it would be a good idea to allow every person who is suffici~ntlytrained to possess some kind of a notice so that the public may observe when they have. a first aid m?-n on the spot, and I should suggest a stud the size of a shIlling to fix 1Il the button-hole of the coat, th e colour to be blue enamel with white letters, and the centre drawing in red. I enclose design.-Yours faithfully, HENRY IV. PHILUPS, 97, GOller . . Street, W, C [This is a matter for the St. John Ambulanre ASSOCIatIOn. Is not the medallion as at present worn, sufficient for the purpose ?-Eu.] ANSWERS TO CORRESPO:\fDENTS. In our February number IOPNA enquired as to .the r~lative ranks of Honorary Serving Brothers and Honoral'~ A sso~tates III the Order of S1. John. \Ve have enquired very fully Into thIS matter and we ale pleased to inform our correspondent that the result of our. enquIrIes h~s been as follows :-" that inasmuch as the IIonorary Servlllg Brother IS a bona-fide memoe1' of the Order, his rank must be undoubtedly higher than Lhat of an associate."

--------:0:-------RunllN.-At a meeting held at the Castle Hotel, a presentation of certificates was made by the Hon. Mrs. George Ble~ard to the members of the class held in this town under the InstructIOn of Dr. Fr:l Se i , who was at the same time presented with a reading lamp on Lehn.lf of the class.

AI D.

R. Metcalfe attended at the Clare Petty Sessions on :\10nday, the justices present being the Rev. A. Packer (chaIrman), F. Payne, J. E. Barnes, J. S. Garrett, and C. S. Goodchild, Esqrs., and requested the chairman to present to the police-constables of the division the certificates and badges which e,'ery man had secured by passing the examination in first aid to the injured, conducted under the St. John Ambulance Association. Dr. Metcalfe stated that the examiner han expressed himself as highly pleased with the proficiency which the men had shown, especially in stretcher drill j skill in the latter, the doctor said, b~ing .largely due to the interest which S~pt, Bardwell had taken In the course. The Rev. A. Packer expressed hll11self as much gratified with the account gi,'en, anc.l congr<itulated Dr. Metcalf, as the in st ructor, as well as hi s pupils; he also pointed out the advantage to the inhabItants of different localities of haying a man li\'ing near them qualified to render first aid in case of accident or injury. IIe then presented to Supt. Bardwell a card certifying that he had been re-examined the first time and passed, and a badge, and to each of the constables a certificate and badge. Supl. Bardwell thanked the Ch:tirman and asked him, on behalf of the class, to present to Dr :\Ietcalfe, the instru ctor, a dashboard clock and rein-clip subscribed [or by the men, and bearing a silver plate with the inscription.-" Presented to Dr. H. G. Metcalfe by the Clare Division of police in recognition of hi~ instruct ive lectures on ambulance work, by which el'ery member of the class successfully passed the examination. Clare, ;\1arch, I895." The Chairman said that he made the presentation, which was a high testimonial to the ability of Dr. Metcalfe, with very great pleasure, and the doctor warmly expressed his thanks to 1\1 1'. Packer, Supt. Bardwell, and the constables. I n the course of the afternoon the constables were entertained to dinner in the Court room. Superintendent Bardwell occupied the chair, having on his right and left Dr. :\1 etcalfe, :\h. J. Bigmore, and other friends, the vice-chair being occupied by I nspecLOr Smith. After dinner the customa ry loyal toastsll'ere gilen, follo\\'ec.l by the healths of Dr. Metcalfe, Supel intendent I3ardlyell, and oth~rs. All were duly honoured, and a very pleasan t time was passed.

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ltailbJan ambulance. DARLI~GTON.-The Members of the Darlington Bank Top Railway Employes' Ambulance Class were on SundayafLrnoon presenteJ with certificates obtained at the recent examination. i\Ir. \'incent Ra"en, locomoti,'e superintendent at Darlington, occupied the chair, and amongst the large assemblage present \\ere 1\1rs, Raven, Dr. ;'Iliddlemiss, Inspector Grossert, Mr. David Richardson, i\fr. J. Angus, 1\1r. Rudlock, Sergt. Lamb, Sergt. murthwaite (lIull), late hon. sec.; Police-constables Reeder and Alcock, 1IIr. Plumb, &c. The certificates were presented by 11rs. Raven, and afterwards Dr. ;\Jiddlemi ss made presentations of beautiful writing desks to Sergt. Smurthwaite and Police-constable Reeder in recognition of the valuable services they had rendered in connection with the Bank Top Ambulance Classe'>. The meeting concluded with ,'otes of thanks to :\lrs. Raven, Dr. Middlemiss, and the chairman.

GRAl THAM.-On February I I the members of the Great Xorthern Railway Ambula nce Class received their certificates at the Guildhall, the presentation being made by the .\1 ayor (\\'. B. IIarrison, Esq.). ft appears that 63 men of the staff hold first-aid certificates. Dr. PooleBerry instructed the classe3, and was presented with a pair of fish-c:ln·ers. Addre sses were given by the chairman, Capt. B. II. Russell, the Mayor, and Dr. Poole-Berry. KI~G'S CRoss.-The members of the King's Cross (G. X. R.) Division of the Sl. John Ambulance Brigade, being desirous of tetifying to the zeal of and the esteem and respect held for their Superintendent, Mr. T. A. Painter, of the Chief Goods ;\lanager's Office, presented him with a surgical dressing-case (supplied by "'1essrs Allen and Hanbury), at King's Cross Goods Station, on Tuesday, I2th ult. Foreman Gray, of Bread Street Depot, briefly explained the feelings that had prompted the members to aeL, and called upon Driver Ashton, of the Loco. Dept" to make the presentation. This he c.lid in well-chosen words, thanking Mr. Painter for the kindness and assiduous attention he had given them, and h oped the good feelinO' and prosperity of the past might be C()lltinueJ in a greater degree for tbe future. In accepting the else , NIL Painter, taken by surprise, said he Lrusted he ,houlJ use tht! instruments with honour to the Division if ever he should be c dl".1 upon to do so, and while anxious for the success and efficiellC) of tile Division his efforts were entirelyvoluntaryand WIthout hope Ot reward; but as they thought fit to offer him such a case, he took it in the spirit alluded to by the speakers, "iz., as a token of gooc.lwill existing among them, and he hoped that the feelings which had animated the DiviSIon during its past year of existence mig-ht be still contilllleJ, 50 that the good Walk inaugurated might grow and prosper, anc.l he he.lnil) thanked one and all for the gift.

FIRST

As it I.> our most earnest Ilis:1 ~lnJ. t.!e.;ire to make this ] OUl-nal as attractive as possible, we beg correspondents in all parts of the country to give it all the help they can. lYe hope the Superintendents of Corps and Officers of Dil·isions of the St. John Ambulance Brigat.!e, and Officers of the Volunteer ~[edical Staff Corps, and the Volunteer Ambulance chool of Instruction, will do their best to make it known amcngst their respective corps, and also "ill send for publication their officia I news.

SP E CIAL NOTICE. Arrangeme n t s h a v e been m ade w i th M e ssrs. W _ H _ S mith & S on to have" First A i d " on s al e a t thei r b ooks talls t h r ou g hout the K i n g do m. It may a lso be obtained H,t M essr s. W i lli n g' s bo oksta lls .

TERl\IS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR 12 months, IS. 6d, post free, to be sent to "The Publishers," Alan Palmer & Reed, IT, Ludgate -Hill, London, E.C. TELEGRAPHTC ADDRESS-' ,\RTERY, LONDON."

F I RS T A ID APRIL IS, 1895.

As we are now in the midst of the first HOLIDAY holidays of the year when most of us try ,YORK. to get some little relaxation after the trying time we haye had for the last three months, it seems nut inappropriate to devote a little space to show to the public the methods which firstaiders make use of, in order that the holiday mal<ers may be protected from their own carelessness, and that help may be giyen to them in the accidents to ,yhich they are so liable. On Bank Holidays, more especially if the weather be fine, it is well known that a large proportion of our teeming population (mostly the working classes) turn out to enjoy tllemsel ves on the Yarious commons and parks with which London is so plenLifully pro\·ided . Eyery ~ncoura~ement i~ given to them to do so by our go\"erlllng bodIe, espeCIally the London County Council, and every adyantage is taken of it, resulting, we doubt not, in some small improyement in the public health. \Vhen one sees the thousands, nay, hundreds of thousands, disporting themseh·es, indulging in almost eyery known game and drinking the cup of enjoyment to the dregs, one cannot but think that a Bank Holiday must do an immense amount of good. In such a huge concou! se of people a certain percentage of illnesses occur, and a certain number of accidents happen, Yarying in a great mea ure according to the st_a~e of. the weadler, ",h1ch makes us ask, "What proYISlOn IS made lor thl m by the authorities?" and the answer is, 'Practically none." It has been left hitherto to the enterprise of a pri\'ate body, and to the enerGY . b , 1 d pereYerance anc eyotlOt1 of a large number of laches, officers and men to do what they can in this direction acting, in fact, as the good Samaritan. We refer, of course, to the ' t. John Ambulance Association and its mo t important off: pring, tbe St. Jolm An~bulance Brigade Of _lat~, \H.: are pledsed to say. the London County C?u~Jcd . has placed every facility in the way of the ASsoCIatlOll In order to help it carryon its humanitarian work, and ba ' C\"(:11 begun to train its own men 0 that they may be able to render fir,.t aid. \Ve obscrn; in th~ orders of the ~retropolital1 Corps just issued that on tblS day (Easter l\Ionday) detachments are to be sent to the following open spaces :-I31ackheatll, Chingford, Hackney Marshes, Hampstead IIeatb, and Wormwood

AI D.

[April , 1895 .

Scru bbs. Each detachment consists of a surgeon, officers, men, and nursing si ters, togeth er with a wagon, tent, and all the necessary appliances. W e ourselves should be pleased to see a detachment, h owever small, placed on every common, path, and open space in the neighbourhood of the metropolis, and this no doubt will come about in time. That an immense amount of good to the public is done cannot be denied, and we tbink that the e efforts are appreciated, at least by those \vho are unfortunately brought into official relation with them_ \ Ve wou ld like to impress on tllose members of Llle pu blic who haye not taken much illtere -t ill this matter, that in order to thoroughly understand the work that is being done by the St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade, it is necessary to look a liule behind the scenes. It must be remembered that tIle St. John Ambulance Brigade is a purely yoluntary body, that no pay i gi\'en for turning out on Bank Holidays; on the other hand, we may say that it is an expense to each individual person . It requires a certain amount of self-denial on the part of the member of the Brigade, to go out on public duty on Bank Holidays, to say nothing of the time that has been pre\·iously spent in learning the Wo! Ie and undergoing the nt cessarv drill. vVe have made the abo\'e remarks feeling certain that the public will deriYe great comfort from the fact that there is a great organisation able and willing to render a signal service when large assemblies of people are gathered together, such as we get on Bank Holidays, demonstrat ions, processions, and the like. We hope that the time will come (and not in the dim, distant futu re but at a somewhat earlier date) when ambulance work will be taken over by some public body and placed on an official basis, so that the pu blic will be able to absolutely depend upon proper help beillg given in cases of emergency. It seems to us almost a reproach to London that such a noble work as this should be dependent upon private enterprise. However, it is not too late to mend. --------:0:-------

1] o(un trcr

~ mbulan(£.

BUR~LEY.- The Bearer Compapy of the Northern Counties Volunteer Brigade, whose head-quarters are at Burnley, held their first annual dinner on Saturday, .Y1arch 9th, 1895, at the Footballers' Arm s. A capital dinner was provided by ;\Ir. Whitehead, the host, and afte r the cloth had been removet.!, Ambulance Sera t -Major Howarth, who is father of the ambulance work in Burnley and t.!istrict took the chair but this position was subsequently filled by Surgeon Captain 'Va~son_ There were also present Surgeon Lieut. Sinclair, Major Joblin, and Captain Sutcliffe of the 2nd East Lancashire Volunteer Battalion . The toast included, "Army, Navy and Auxiliary Forces," " Medical Officer of the Bearer Company," "Officers of the 2nd East Lancashire Volunteers," and also that of the host and hostess, for the way in which they had provi~ed the dinner. Duril~g the evening Major Jobling presented gold and sIlver medals to the willner and runner-up in a competition on ambulance work, which had taken place just lately in which 7 teams had competed, and the examiner had a very hard task to tell which was the best team after having hat.! four hours' examination. The remainder of the evening was spent in singing and recitations and was brouo-ht to a close by singing the ational Anthem . ' '"

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~rtll

®rtJer~.

ST. JOH T AMBULANCE BR I GADE. CYCLIST DIV1S[QN :-Drill and bant.!aging practice at the Leopold nooms, Ludgatc Circus, on l\londays at 7 p.m. until further notice. \'OLUNTEER AMBULA0:CE SCHOOL OF INSTRUCTION_ Pleszdelll-ylajor Andrew Maclure, V.D. April l~th, The Contents and U~es of. the Fielt.! Medical Companion ant.! Surgical Haversack, Surgeon-Captall1 R. R. Sleman. April 20th, l>rade at 4.3? p.m. in, Review Ord~r f?r Inst~uction in Bandaging ancl S,Lretch~r DrIll. AprIl 27th, Application rallies. May 2nd, Prize (, omp~t'tl.on. Parade aL. 7.30 p.J11. 111 Dnll Order. May 9th, Official Exam1l1atlOn and InspectIOn of the Class. Parade at 7.30 p.m. in Drill Order.

.of

April. 1895.J

:FIRST

~ur ~ortrait ~aIIerr. S IR VINCE~T K ENNETT-BARRINGTON, M .A., LL.M. IR T-AIDERS throughout the world are familiar with the name of this well-known ambulance organiser. Son of the late: Captain V . F. Kennett, of Dorchester - on Thame, his mother was the daughter of the late Sir J. Barrington, from whom he take his second surname. Born in -r 844, he was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated with double honours. \ Vrangler in 1867, and Law Tripos, 1869, he also gained a scholarship at his College, proceeded to his M .A. and LL.M . in r871, and was called to the Bar at the Inner !emple in 1872. Sir Vincent was formerly a Lieutenant m the Royal Elthorn Militia, and, as a ciyil worker, has been. ll.nder fire many times. He was appointed a Comm1s IOller under the Gcncya Convention (Red Cross) during the Franco-German war, 187C-J, and was present at Saarbriick, Metz, and the Sieo-e of Paris ~nd was with the army of the Loire and Belfort. Dur~ mg the years 1873-+-5 he was enGaGed in the CarlistRepublican and Carlist-Alphonsist \\~ars in the north of Spain, doing splendid service at amono-st other places, Bilbao, Estella, the operations ;n the Ebro and the last battles on the Peiia Plata when he was ~aken prisoner. He sen-ed in the Turco-Servian war 1876-7 and durin~ four months of the latter year he was' activel~ ~ngaged \~lth Lady Strangford in doing Samaritan work III _ Bulgar~a, and afterwards proceeded to Turkey and served dunng the war between that <;;ountry and Russia, 18 77-8 ; he was present at Rustchuk, Shumla, and most parts . After a rest from these toils but still heart and soul in first aid work at home we find him ao-ain at the f.ront \~lt . h our army engaged ' in the Suakin bExpedition III 1 8~j, and ~Iso ll1 the Servo-~ulgarian war, I885-6, and 111 the RIO Grande RevolutIOn Brazil in r89I-2 wI1e~1 h e 111troduced ' the Red Cross, ' and" it was adopted OffiCl~ ]j y . Her Majesty the Queen bestowed the honour of kl11gh thood upon Sir Vincent in 1886 in appreciation of a.mbulance work in the field. He has been deputy chaIrman of the Executive Committee of the St. John B!~~~lance Associ~tion, and Chairman of Nos. 2 and 3 1st! lct , MetropolItan. Cen tre, f?r many years. IIe is a m~mber of the ExecutIve CouncIl of the British National Ald Society, the Sanitary Assurance Association , and \V . as nOI11I11ated by the Local Government Board in 188 4 as .a r:lember of the Metropolitan Asylums Board to aSSIst In th e then new organisation of river ambulance ~nd. floating. hospit.al~. For many years he has been ha1rman of Its StatIstIcal Committee, and member of the

AID.

Ambulance Committee, &c. Was appointed an Alderman of the first London County Council, and is <.:hairman of the South American S ection of the London Chamber of Commerce. During a visit to Brazil in 1892, Sir Vincent organised classes of the St. John Ambulance Association in Buenos Ayres, and was present to assist the police in some street fighting in that city when re\'olvers were freely used by both sides. He obtained official adhesion of Venezuela to the Geneva Can \'ention in 1893, while staying in that country during the last days of the Revolution, when he assisted the wounded in the hospit::ll, &c. Sir Vincent is a Knigbt of Grace of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, and possesses a number of foreign decorations and war medals. He has also gained the silver and bronze medals of the Royal Humane Society for rendering aid to drowning men at Putney and Suakin Harbour. He is a member of the Athemeum Club, and his residences are Albert Hall Mansions, Kensington Gore, and the Manor House, Dorchester-on-Thame. Sir Vincent is at the present time in South America, but we trust we shall soon see him presiding in his usual kindly manner at meetings in this country. He always ensures a very hearty welcome from first-aiders, and we sincerely trust that he may long be spared to carryon h is useful life work. --------:0: -------a mbulance @rgani~ation in )Serlin.

HE Bntislr. ilfedical Journal says :-" Our Berlin Correspondent writes: Profiting by the example of the Emperor, who is in the habit of taking by surprise the garrisons of the German towns he visits the Committee at the head of the Berlin stations for help in accident~ decided the other day to test their efficiency by a fictitious" alarm." Accordingly at mid-day one day last week the alarm was given from one of the large breweries on the outskirts of Berlin by telephone to the twelve accident stations situated in every part of the town. The result was thoroughly satisfactory j in about a quarter of an hour two doctors a carrier, and a stretcher made their appearance, followed in a fev.: minutes by four different carriages. vVithin three-quarters of an hour the emissaries of the last, that is the most distant station, had arrived. There were eighteen doctors in all, with carriages, stretchers attendants iz:stru~ents a?d bandaging apparatus, and even a small tr~nsport car~ nage Il1 velOCipede form, which was a novelty." How long will London have to wait before such a satisfactory state of affairs can be reported with regard to its ambulance system.? It is now nearly two years since an Executive officer of the Order of St. John writing to the Palllllallwith authority we presume-sk1.ted that steps were being taken to organise an ambulance service. Since then nothing more has been heard of this scheme, which for the moment quieted the consciences of our vestries and othc.r governing bodies. It is however quite time that this scheme for ambulancing London, if such exists, should be unearthed from oblivion or the proverbial pig.eon hole. London must be up and dOlllg and have an ambulance service worthy of her best traditions. It is admitted her fire brigade is second to none, while her police force is regarded as a standard of excellence in all parts of the world. Life and limb are surely of equalval~e with bricks and mortar and other property -her ambulance orgal11satlOn should therefole rank equally as high. Semper Paratus ," must be the common motto of the sister services in our civil life. - ------ :0: - - - - -

1RUrBeS <tolumn. t

COOKERY FOR INVALIDS A -D THE SICK. . CHICKEN Foo! BRO,TH AND ]ELLy.-:-----Any poulterer will supply you With plenty of chickens feet at a very httle cost. Scald them, skin and chop them through and through with a heavy knife. Put a dozen' into a. pan with rather more than enough water to cover them, half a saltspoonful of salt, two or three sprigs of fresh thyme, a chip or two of lemon peel, a teas~ool1ful of lemon juice, three or four large leaves of parsley, one clol>e, SIX peppercorns, and a lump of loaf sugar. Simmer thiS ,,~tl~ a. cover o.n for t\\'~ or three hOll!:s, adding .hot water lo keep up the ongillal quantlty. ThlS ma.y be put III to a baklllg tureen or covered earthenware jar, and baked for three hours instead of simmering. Strain off through a cloth, and if the liquor is not quite bright, mince too-ether a piece of.raw. ve..1.I, raw lean lham or bacon, or raw pork, and stir'''it in, first poppmg It over the fire again for a minute. Let this settle and the toy .will be beautiful.!y bright. Serve hot with thin toast sippets, or pour It Into teacups to Jelly and serve cold. When prescribed a little sherry or brandy may be added to the jelly whilst still warm. ' "CHEF ROYAL,"

FIRST AID. $1. 30bn tlmbulance :n3rigabe.

:\rETROPOLJTAN CORPS. BOHE:l1fAN CO l\ CERT.-A Bohemian Concert was held at the Holcorn Town H a ll on Thursday evening, :'.Ia rch 21st, in aid of the Brigade Band Fund , and it is with great pleasure we report that a lara e and appreciative audience was presen t and crowded the large halL 'Ne trust the proceeds are wor thy of the good cause in hand. Edwin Freshfield, Esq., LL.D ., Receiver General of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem , presided, supported by Colonel ~ir Herbert C . Perrott, Bart., Mr. R. MacLean-MacLean, Maj or Eldon Sergeant, R ev . T. W. Woods, Hon. A .E. J . Henniker, l\h. E . fl. Freshfield,Major ;\lalett, Major Andrew Maclure and others. A number of nursing si.sters \\ele seated at the Chairman's table. Amongst those present we notIced ChIef Superintendent \V. J. Church Brasier, Chief Superintendent J. P erry (Northampton), Hon. Surgeons A. C. Tunstall, :M ilnes Hey, J. C. Round and Heaton C. Howard, H on. Dental Surgeon A. Al bert, Dr Cato; Superintendents F. D. Macke nzie, W. H. i\101'gan, W. R. Edwards, \ V. H. Winny, T. A. Painter, J. J . Olley, J. W ells, Forse)", E. R . Goodwin , Alan Palmer, and " '. Boddy; First Officers W: Sharman, Jenn1l1 gs, J. C. Lines, and A. J. Trimmer.; Second Officer KImber; Third Officer Lawson; Sergeant Major EllIs, Staff Sergeants S. B. Piers, A. Jones, \V. Early, E. Porter, \\'illi ams, Jack son and Gray; Sergea nts P. A. Nix, Atterbury, Drury, Harvey, Badcock, Robin son and Phillips. With the Tursing Sisters were Lady Supellntendent W. J. Church Brasiel, Mrs. J. C. Lines (Secretary), and l\li ss Bourke (Treasurer). !:'uperintendent Pearce and Engineer .\] orris represen ted the Metropolitan Fire Brigade, and Chief Inspector Pa~me~ the CIty Police. Chief Superintendent \V. J. Church BraSIer Introduced the Chairman, and asked all present to accord him a very hearty welcome. (Loud cheers). Dr. Freshfield said, "Mr. Brasier, ladies and gentlemen, no one knows what a great pleasure it is to me to have been called upon to preside this evening. The Order of St. J ohn has always taken a great interest in you, its best and most promising child. I am especially proud to see the ladies sittin g opposi~e to myself (nursing sisters). \Ve are all engaged in a great work whIch has done a deal to civilize, and you have been the chief agents in this. I am not going. to detain you with a long speech; we have a lengthy programme before us. T will close by sayin a how heartily 1 appreciate t he kindness, and how proud I am to preside over you this ev~ning. " The Brigade Band having played a selection, Mrs. Page SmIth and MISS Leila Smith sang a duet, "I know a bank," which was heartilyapplauded. Mr. McCall Chambers' rendering of "The Dandy Coloured Coon" was extremely funny. Miss Elsie Paton gave a pleasing plan tation serenade with mandoline accompaniment. M r. Beryl Graeme was well received in his impersonations, " .YI anipulateur du Chapeau," Miss Hamilton Smith's beautiful rendering of "Annie Laurie, " with lute accompaniment, was much admired. Mr. D'Arcy Clayton's :;ong, " Oueen of the Earth," was a great success, and also Mr. Albert Day 's " Holy City" i Mr. Harry Briden created much mirth with "Sometimes not Often," and Mr. Tom Burgess received an encore for his "Jacob Strauss." The Hamilton Quartette (four mandolines), this' time with the addition of the lute, made a most picturesque show, a nd played delightfully, and was certa inly one of the most successful items on the programme. Mrs. Calvin Lines sang" Protestations," with violin obbligato by First Officer Calvin Lines, and Mr. Bodmin's we ll played cornet solo completed the first part of the programme. chief Superintendent W. J. Church Brasier then proposed the health of the Chairman, saying" he was a most generous donor to the band fund i whatever he does, he does it well, and I now ask you to join with me in toasting 'Jolly good health' to Dr. Freshfield." (Loud cheers). The Chairman having responded, the band played another selection. Miss Florence Toomer sang" Killarney" in good style. Mr. Arthur Ling received an encore for his very funny song. H on . Surgeon J. C. Round next gave a recitation" A voice from the Bush." Mr. Arthur Strode fixed the audience with his selection of modern mystery. Miss Hamilton Smith aga in obliged by singin g a solo, and her voice filled the hall. Mr. Charles Akhurst's " Some do it this way," created much laughter; the Hamilton Quartette performed another selection; Mr. Calvin Li nes sa ng ,. Tommy Atkins," and the programme closed with a musical sketch by the well known artist, Mr. D udley Causton . Miss C. Philipps Keeley, R.A.M., Miss Agnes Thompson, and Mr. II erbert Linwood did duty as accompanyists. Mi ss Keeley deserves great praise for her excellent and )'''rd J,Unrk during the evening. The Chairman proposed a vote of thanks to the artists who had so kindly given their sen ices, and Mr. Dudley Causton replied say ing " it gave them much pleasure to come and assist a corps whi ch I endel ed assistance to suffering humanity." After the National Anthem the large audience dispersed. The stage decorations were most kindly provided by j\Jl'. T. A. Dickson, ,Covent Garden Market, and Messrs. Finney & Co., Clerkenwell. The grand piano was kindly lent by Messrs. bard, and the refreshment department was well managed by Sergeant W. II . Drury. Great credit is due to Superintendent W. II. Morgan for the able manner in which he organised and carried out the details of the programme.

[April, 1895. PROVINCIAL CORPS.

BRISTOL.-On March 14th, 1895, under the a uspices of the Broad Plain House Corps, a lecture was given ?y Dr. M. Barclay,. L. R.C . P., M.R.C.S., on the Ear. A crowded aud Ience hstened to thIS II1terestll1g and instructive lecture . Am3ULA . CE \\' ORK I l BRISTOL EAST.-The 1st Company of the Broad Plain H ouse Ambulance Corps, under Supt. C. T. Pennington , marched to the Lecture Hall of Highbury Chapel on Monday evening, to aive their an nua l demonstration. The chair was taken by Maj~r C. C. Clayton, of the Central Commit tee ofth e St. J.ohn Am,hulance Association in Bristol, and Mr. G. H . Leona rd, M.A., VIce-PresIdent of the Broad Plain House Corps, occup ied the vice-chair . Amongst.tho se present were Rev. Arn old Thomas, Me ssrs. Gale, ' iVeedon, Addl scott , J ey, E. \V arton, A. T yndall, K een, and 11.. B. Evans, \1rs. Clayton and Miss Boorne. The ChaJl'man ga\'e a bnef report of the ambulance work in Bristol and said the Broad Plain H ouse Corps was th e strongest in tbe city. Th~ programme included di.ffe~·ent methods o.f bandaging fractures ' arrestlnO' h;:emorrhaae by ladles class; bandagIng fractUled , b b , I ' d . . d thiahs and carryinO' patients away with regu atlOn an ImprOVIse str~tchers carryin a \~ith hand-seats under military drill; man on fire, resulting 'in a bun~'t arm , which was treated by the Broad Plain H ouse Ladies' Class. Mr. G. H. Leonard said he had to thank the officers of the corps, Mr. T. C. Pennington, the Superintendent, Mr. F. W. Brice, the In spector of Materials, and their Secretary, for the work. they had done towards brinaing the corps to its present state of effiCIency, and he had also to thanl Dr. Ethel Tribe for instructing the Ladies' Class, and Dr. j. Griffiths for takin a so much trouble with the Men's Class. He then read the Superinte;dent's report, in which it was stated that the above corps had been the means of starting new classes by their demonstrating in different parts of Bristol, and that the members had been able to render first aid to the injured , and it wa s hoped to be able to equip their men with uniforn: recognised by the A.ssociation,. and also to despatch detachments to dIfferent parts of the cIty upon Important occasions. After the conclusion of the programme, a collection was taken in aid of the Equipment Fund. BURNLEY.-WE~T END AMBULANCE EXHlBlTlON COMl'A~Y. On Saturday, March 10th, this company, from the Padiharn Road detachment, attended the annual Band of Hope tea party and. concert at the vVesle}'an ChaRel, Flor.ence ?treet,. and gave a verY"lnterestlllg demonstratIOn of 'Rendenng FIrst AId to the Injured. Mrs. Dr. ~ utcliffe, who presided, paid a hig~ tribute of p.raise to tl~e ambulallce men and to Captain Owen on theIr smartness 111 the varIOUS applIca tion of bandages to supposed injuries, and addressed words of encouragement in their noble undertaking. An excellent programme of songs, recitations, &c., was creditably rendered. On Saturday, ~a rch 23rd this company, consisting of twelve men and a squad of ladles of the Burnley Corps and Nursing Division, under command of Capt..1.in C. Owen and Ambulance-Sergeant C . I-line (the ladies being conducted by their secretary, Mr s. Jean Stephenson), were in attendance at a concert and ambulance demonstration at the Gospel Temperance Mission Hall, Smirthwaite Street. Sergeant Hine pu~ the men through c~m pany and stretcher drills, and showed the vanou~ methods of carryll1g injured persons on hand-seats, &c, Afterwards Capta111 C. Owen conducted them throuO'h a series of bandaging supposed injuries, and also illustrated the meiliod of art ifi cial respiration in cases of suffocation and rescuing the insensible. Roller bandaging was shown by the ladies' section. Mr. William Atkins, hon. sec. of the Padlham R oad detachmen t, gave an accou n t of the ~mbula~ce movement in Burnley sin ce the formation of the corps, quotll1g a list of cases where fir st aId had been rendered by members when valuable li ves have undo ubt edly been saved by timely assistance. The audience evi~ently apprec iated the efforts of the ambulance members. S ongs, recltatlOlls, &c., were given and a pleasant even in g was spent. Mr. H. Greenwood occupied the chair. On Saturday, March 30th, this company attended a" social " and concert at Mount Pleasant School, Hammenen Street, for the benefit of the Mount Pleas,wi football club and gymnasium. A displayas to the applicati o~ of ban?ages to n um erous supposed injuries was given, and gymnastIc exercIses ~"er~ cleverly performed by me,:lbers of the gymnasium. Songs, reCItatIOns, duets, &c., were creditably rendered by members of the corps, and of the school. Mr.. POll presided. A very pleasant evenll1g was brought to a close WIth a hearty vote of thanks to all who h ad contributed to the evening's enjoyment. The accompanyists were Messrs. H. Walker and J . Dent. BURN LEY.-PADIHAM ROAD DETACHMENT.-On Monday evening-, April 1st, twenty-four m~mbers of this detachn:ent paid a vi sit tv Clifton Colliery, Mr. J obiing (manager), very kll1dly grantll1g them permission; who also made arrangements f~l~ them to go through all the workinO's conducted by Mr. Denner. 1 he CollIery Ambulan ce Depot was hr~t visited, Mr. Josling show.ing t~em the a ppliances, ~c., they had at command to render first aId to IIlJ ured workmen. I he pumping engine was next visited, and then came the descen.t in Lo t1~e mine where for three hours the amb ulance men took great Il1terest 111 everything that was shown to them and explained by their gu ide ( Mr. Denner). On reachinO' the pit top, a very hearty vote of thank s was accorded to 1\1r. JObling for his permi ssion to visit the co lli ery, and La Mr Denner for his serv ices in conducting the party.

:'V.

April, 1895.J

CHILD REN'S H OME Drv IsION.-The monthly meeting of this division was held at the Ilome on TuesJay afternoon, Apr~l 2nd, when, in the unavoidable absence of Dr. Stephenson (the PreSIdent), Hon. SurO'eon A. C. Tunstall, i\1. D. , presided an d was supported by Chief Sup~rintendent. \V. J. Church Brasier,. La~y Superintendent Chur.ch Bmsier, Supenntendent E. R. GoodW In, FI rst O~cer Sharman, ThIrd Officer Lawso n Sister Rita , Miss Blye Bourke, 1\1ISS BraSIer, Mr. Alan Palmer and a' larae number of nursi ng sisters and members of the Oivisio~. Dr. Tunbst<t ll having welcomed the visitors, Chief ?upel:intendent \iV. J. Church Bra sier, who spoke of the pleasure III bell1g present ~with them, made a s~ate m ent.as to Ea~.ter Monday arrangements. He also referred to the com Ing marnage of ~Ir IIerbert Perrott and the gl'eat debt of grat itude the Brigade owed to him for hi s many acts of kindness. Third Officer Lawson reported upon the recent conference at Northampton, and" the (:hief" added ther~to. ~uperint~ndent Goodwin having spoken, Dr. Tunst~I,1 gav~ some ll1terestll1g partlcttl.ars relative to th e connection between I yphold and Oysters. Bandagll1g practice concluded the meeting. DONCASTER COR P5. -The annual meeting was held 0:1 Sunday, March 17th, 1895 , Mr. D. J. Cooper submitted the Ba lance Sheet and gave his annual report whi ch were both ~onsidered satisfactory O~ly part of the business was accomplished OWll1g to the new Rule s bell1g under consideration. Several patrons were elected, D. J. Cooper as Chief S uperintendent ~l r. L. Lowri son as li on. Sec., Lieut-Col. Hill as Treasu,er, 'll~d Dr. II. P. Hallows, MD., F .R. S.C.E., as Surgeon Instructor. NORTHAMPTON.-On Saturday, March 30th, a most difficult case of transport was undertaken by a detachment. of th~ Transport Service of the above Corps, and well IllustraL.es the dIfficultIes. that our. men have often to contend with in co untry VIllages. The patIent 1Il thIS case had been brought from "\ \' atford to _ orthampton some time ago by a tran~ port party, and has since hee~ in the ?\'orthampt<;>n . Infirma ry. He IS sufferinO' from a fractured spIne, and, therefore, It IS needless to say, that th: O'reatest care had to be exercised in removing him to his home in a villa~e some two or three miles from Northampton. The greatest difficulty ~ccurred however when it was found impossible to get hi m safely up the staircase, and as his f.riends i~sisted on hi s being take~ to an upstairs room there wa s nothlllg for It but to remove the wmdow and C<lsement 'on the fir st floor, and, elevating the stretcher, get him into the room. This was successfully accomplished without any inconvenience to the patient This is not the first time that Transport ;'eJ'O"eant Beale has had to resort to the same expedient. On Saturday. ,-\pI~1 6th, a case was brought in from Daventry, on the 7th from Harlestone and on the 8th [rom Lower Heyford. Upon seeing the patient in t'he last case she was found to be so ill that the officer in charge deemed it necessary to drive over to Bug-brook to fetch t~e doctor before taking the responsibility of removal. Dr. Lawton's a~sls tam very promptly returneJ on the ambulance and strongly adv I.sed remova l, whereupon the patient was car~fully, but wLth enormous dl.fficulty, conveyed down a most twisty staIrcase, happIly WIthout causll1g any injury, and was quickly driven to the Northampton Infirma~y, being none thp. worse for the jou:-ney. In the last thr~e cases our ChIef Superintendent was in charge, aSSIsted by Sergeants Arhdge and Gardner, and Cyclists ..\I ackness and \ Vard ; in the former, A~sistant Secretary Kean and Private Gordon formed Transport Sergeant Beale's detachment The usual weekly drills have been fairly attended both in town and country. A chi ef officer has recently distinguished himself by nursing a serious case successfu lly. LEICEST ERS [{[RE CENTRE.-GAS " TORKS DrvrsION.-A very inte restina and in stru ct ive lecture was given at the New Gas \Vork s Lecture ['laa to the members of thi s Division and a number of friends on Tuesday eveninO', .\1arch 19th, 1895, by Mr. E. Evans of Birmingham, :he subject bein~ Air and its R elati on to Life." The lecture was profusely illustra ted by experiments. Mem bers of the Cyclists', St. Mary 's, WorkinO' Men's ColleO'e and other divisions attended, about 1+0 being present.~A special ge~e~al meeting of the Leicestershire Centre was h~ld at the headq uarters, the Old Town Hall, on '\1 onday, ;\1arch 25th, to revI se the rules of the centre. Chief Superintendent J. II. Buckley, F.R.A.S., presided and more than 100 were present. The chief alterations made w~re in the constitution of the Centre Comm ittee, the following being the final decision :-To elect a Lady Chief Superintendent for \Vomen's C lasses ; a ll Officers of the Centre and Corps to be ele~ted by the Committee annually, and to have seats on the CommIttee ex officio; each Division to send its surgeon, superintendent, and secretal y, and one delegate for every twenty-five members, or part of twenty-five, after the first thirty. It is expected that the membe rs of the Association will work better and feel more interested now they have a direct vo ice in the governance of ambulance doings for the district. A nursin a class for men will shortly be started (the first ever held in Leiceste~). Already over twenty names h ave been given in. One su rgeon said, "I am very g lad, as men make excellent nurses.,/ A special meeting of the Corps will soon be held to revI se the Corps rules, and, amo ng other matters, to consider the election of a n assista nt chief superintend ent and a drill su perintendent. WELLlNCUOROUGH .- The nurse has had 34 cases daily to attend, some of them be ing very severe, and it was found necessary, ir. order to save time, to hire a pony and trap to drive round.. l(

FIRST AID.

~t. Q nb re w'~ ~mflul an ce ca~~ o ciatf o n. H E members of the Perth Station Ambulance Corps CSt. John's), which has been very successfully taught by Dr. \Vm. R obertson , were examined in ambulance work on the loth and 17th of March respectively. Thirty-five members have gained certificates of proficiency. . r • • . A SOCIAL meeting under the auspIces of the r\orth Bntlsh R all.way (Queen Street Station) Glasgow Ambulance Corps was h eld on FnJay night, 15th Marc~, in the Assef!1bly Roon:s, Bath Street. :\[r. Cunningham, superIntendent, occupIed the cha Ir, and was accompanIed on the platform by YIessrs. Kellon, C~rrie, G~ahan:, :\1aX\~ell, and Drs. Kennedy and ~'D onald. The cha Irm an, m hIS opemng r~marks, referred to the importance of ambulance work , and expressed hIS sallSfacti on that so many members of the staff at Queen Street had qualIfied themselves to render first aid to the injured. LIe further alluded to the recoO'nition of ambulance work by the directors of the Company, and said'" that arrangements had been mZLde for a competition at Edinburgh next month, and that all the corps organised over the system had been invited to send a team to compete for a cup to be presented by the Board of the Com pan y and a gold medal to each of the mem bers of ~ he successful team . .\,l rs. 'IIunter presented the certificates and medallions to the members of the classes, all of whom had successfully passed. :\1r. Hunter, president of t he corps, presented ~r. I~ennedy, ~~e lectur~r durin ba the past session , with a silver tea servIce m recogmtlOn of hIS services to which he suitably replied. A concert followed, and was ably su~ta ined by Mrs. Hunter, "\1isses Campbell, Stewart, Jane Campbell and Crawford and Me.5srs. P. S. Stewart, Morriso n, Jamieson, R . Stewart, jun., Spence, and Hamilton. Miss Hunter presided at the piano \\ ith much ability. An assembly followed. 0:--; the 15th ult. the ambulance class drawn from employes of the Glas O'o \\' and :-:iouth " 'estern Railway at Ardrossan, and conducted by Dr. Robert Allan, met in the Station Buildings, under the presidency of the station agent. YIr. Gillies, secretary of the Glasgow and S.outh 'Vestern Railway Company, and :\[ rs. GIllIes were presen t. "\1rs. GJiiles handed over the certificates of proficiency won by the students who were successful in passing the examination recently conducted by Dr. Knox. Of these there were 30, this being the number who presented thems~l\~es. Mr. Gillies, in replying to a vote of thanks awarded to :\lrs. Gdlles, congratulated the members of the class and th~ .lecturer on th.e results of their labours. He referred to the competItIOn for the slh'er cu p presented by the railway company to stimulate healthy ri\'a lry among the different squads, and expressed the hope that the Ardrossa~ class would enter the competition next yeal. Dr. Allan also receIved a present. THE Gl tsgow, Eglinton Street, C.R. Ambulance Corps was put throuah its examination on ~1 arch 2+th by Dr. John Dunlop. The exami';,ation was witnessed by Irvine Kempt, general superintendent; \Vm. Napier, Central; A. D. :'.Iillar; In spector Alexander inclair, Eglinton Street; also Dr. Shaw, Dr. Stalker, of the Board of Trade, and ,,\1 iss K empt. 38 members had qualified by class attendance; of these 37 presented themselves. I t is very gratifying to know that o\'er 800 of the Caledonian employes had gained certificates for ambulan ce work and that since the movement began throughout the Company's syste l~ no seriou s accident has occurred without an ambulan ce man beincr at hand able and willin!! to render aid to a fellow sufferer. "" ~ PORTOBEI.LO A:'IBuLA. CE CORPS. - Last night a concert was given in the Town Hall in onnection with the Porto bello Station and Police Ambulance Classes. In the absence of Mr. Deuchars, 1\".B., Superintendent, owing to illness, ex-Pro vo st \Vood presi.ded, and expressed himself gratified to see that so many had given theIr count~nance and support La such a useful object. He m tde reference to the ~mportance of Portobello being supplied with an ambulan ce wagon, as In cases of drowning and railway accidents the p;ltients could be so much more speedily remo \'ed . He felt it gratifying that the pu~lic were takin~ an interest as was shown by the handsome presents whIch they had gl\'en to those '"ho were successful in the recent examinations. During the evening :.\Ir. Inne s, stationmaster, in the name of the ambulance c.lass, presenteJ Dr. Gubbin with a handsome flower vase on a plated sIlver stand, as a mark of appreciation for his services and lectures to them since its oraanisation . Between the two parts of the programme some good practta l demonstrations were g iven. Dr.. Price, Edinb.urgh, as examiner, was also presented with a gold scarf plll. The m~slcal ~art of the programme was much enjoyed . Those who gave thelf servIces were Mi ss jeanie Edmonds yIiss Marion Brown, iYlr. Gamley, ;Ylr. Scott, and :\1 r. R. C. II. i\Iorison', and i\1r. H. . Smart, presided at the piano. There was a large and appreciative audience.

---------:0:--------AOELAID E ST. JOHN AMBULANCE PRACTICE CLUB.-The monthly meeting was held on February 5 at the Indian Tea-Rooms, the Vice President (Mr. A. vVeidenhofer) presi ding over a fair attendance of members. A pa per on " Common Accidents a nd Treatment" was read by Mr. Hosking, who dealtl.with the subject in an able manner.

FIRST AI D.

jfirst Bib 1Recorb.

FARNHAM.-Five cases have been recorded during the past month, the most serious being that of Wm. Hewitt, who, through a fall of erravel sustained a fra cture of the thigh. Messrs. \Vorsam , Vi'i nsla de, Barnett and Carter put up the fracture in a gravel cart, in whi ch the man was beiner brouerht into the town, and removed him on to the liller, and, no docto~ being in , took him to the infirmary, wh ere Messrs. Win slade and Baker assisted the doctors in pULting the limb up in plaster late in the evening. The ambulance van was also used for the first time on the 4th, when 1\lessrs. \Vi nslade, Riches, anJ Baker drove Lo Hale and bro uerht a patient inLo the staLion, and ;\[essrs. Barling and \Vorsam Look the case on by ra il to the Royal Free Hospital, Gray's fnn Road. Another case was a carpenter who had cut his hand with a chi sel; arterial bleeding was arrested by 1\1 r. Carter. LEICESTERS HIRE. -AcCIDENT DURT. G THE GREAT GALE ON S UNDAY ;\lARCH 24TH.-Mr. Alfred Fisher, manager for a firm of monumenlal masons, visited his yard fearing injury. to some works in hand. While there he was knocked down by a falling monument, the blow severing the temporal artery and laying open a scalp wound thl ee inches long, and causing contusion s, &c. ne lost a lot of blood, but got horne to his house in Regent R oa d, where he was at length s~en just in time by ;\Ir. J. E. Roper, Inspector of Tran spo rt .\faterlal, Leicester Corps, wh o at once stopped the hoemorrhage and attended to the patient until the arrival of Dr. Nea le twenty minutes later. The doctor asked Mr. Roper to stop and assist in tying the artery and putting in fi~r e stitches. Grea.t gratitude. ~as been ex presse~ for the first aid servIces rendered, as It was a CrItlc<1.1 case. Mr. FIsher was prostrate for som e day s chiefly from loss of blood. READl I G.-On Tuesday afternoon the 26th March, Mr. Percy, of Arts R oad, Rel.ding, was at work repairing a burst water pipe. his foot slipped anJ he broke both bone~ of the right .leg; Edward Bond, wh.o has lately been attending first aId classes at King s R oad Chapel and IS now a member of the Reading Corps, applied t wo splints of rough wood and secured them with pieces of torn sacking and pieces of rag, with the result that :\1r. Percy wasat once free fro m pa in and was taken to his horne in a cab and on the arril'al of a doctor was attended to . The doctor complimented Edward Bond on the efficient manner in whi ch th e accident had been attended to . WELLING BOROUG H.-On the 1st of April a boy named Phipp fell down in ' Veil Street and received a severe l\'Ound on the knee, injuring the patella. First aid was ,rendered by Staff-Sergt. CI.a yson, ~nd he was conveyed to Dr. \ Vatson s surgery. On the +th. Apnl, an Old man named Bailey was knocked down by a bIcycle, recelvlllg a slight scalp wound. This happened at 8 p.m., when the co rps was on parade, and a detachment immedi ately fell out under Supt. Nichol son, and after the wound had been attended to, conveyed him home in the wheeled litter. B UJ:{:-.ILEY.-PADIHAM ROAD DIVlsION.-On Sunday, M:nch 3rd, Mr. George Anderson, of Norton Street, w<l;s walkin15 along the above street, when he slipped on the pavement, falllllg on hIS elbow and fracturing his collar-bone.. Ylr. J. A. Campbell (postm~n, an~ a membe~ of the above division), seell1g what had taken place, Immedmtely applied the requisite bandages, and conducted the unfortunate ma n to :'1r. H artley's (bone-setter) surgery for treatment. A singular accident occurred on Wednesday, March 20th, Walter Riddiough, of Smirthwaite Street, sustained a ser ious fracture of the right fore-arm. It appears that during his mother's absence, "Va Iter and another boy were play ing with a wringing machine, when his playmate turn ed the machine and drew Riddiough's arm between the rollers . The unfortunate lad susta ined a very severe fracture of the arm, and other inju ries. Amb ulance Captain Charles Owen was called in and rendered first-aid. Dr. Wittam was sent for to attend to th e boy, who is reported to be doing well. - - -:0:----

~enton ~£~timonial llBinner ~re~£ntation.

anO'

'"1'lII S dinner and presentation was held at Kenman's Hotel, Cheapside, E.C., on Thursday, ~larch 14th, i\1r.. C.l . Cut~bertson, C.C., was chairman. Chief Supt. W. J. Church BraSier (St. J Ohn Ambulance Brierade) and NIr. W. Darris filled the vice chairs, and amongst those atte~ding we noti ced ;\Ir. T. H. B . Hitchins, e.C., Mr. W . H. Pitman, C.C., Supt. \iV. Adams ( London ~alvage Corps), treasu~er of the fund; lIon. Dental Surgeoll A. Albert (St. J ohn Ambulance BrIgade), and Mr. F. Smith (Hon. Sec.), Mr. H. R. Shaw (Auditor), Mr. H. B~ale (chief of the Liverpool Sah'age Corps), Supts. r. P~arce ~nd T. Smith. Engineer J. Morri s, Foreman ~e ster (London FIre Bngade), S~pt. J. Gladwell (London Salvage Corps), ChIef Inspector Palmer (C:lty Police), Supts. W. H. Morgan, Alan Palmer, and A. Forsey, FIrst Officers A. Trimmer and C. W. Baker, and Sergt. Drury (St. John Ambulance Brigade). Mr. R. F. Tate presided at the pianoforte, a~d a contino-ent of the St. J ohn Ambulance Bngade Band gave selectIOns during" the evenin,g. The chairman sub~!tted the !o~st of the Q.u een and the Royal l<a mily, the company n Sll1g and Slllgll1g the NatIOnal Anthem. Mr. Pitman, C.C., next gave the Army, Navy a nd Reserve Forces to whi ch C hief Supt. Brasier replied in a few well chosen remarks. The Corpor.ation of the City of London was proposed by the chairman and Mr. Brooke Hitchins, C.C., responded. First Officer Baker (St· ·

[April, 1895.

J ohn Ambulance Brigade), next gave his character impersonat!ons M:tn ipulateur du Ch:tpeau," a nd was accorded a most hearty reception. lI on . Dental Surereon A. Albert CSt. John Ambulance Brigade) then read a telegram from Mr. Thos. !3enton regretting .his in ability to attend owiner to the weak state of hIS health. Th e chaIrman thereupon a ddres~ed th~se present, eulogising Mr. Benton's work and his li fe of usefulness and a fterwards presented an illuminated address and a cheque for £r05, the Hon. Secs. taking charge of same on Mr. Benton's hehalf. M r. Albert stated the amount collected would enable '\1r. Benton to pay the mortgage which had been long standing upon some cottages at Hawkwell, in Essex. (Cheers). Ch ief Supl. Church Brasier toasted the chairman, and in so doing spo~e of the pleasure it was to the members of the St. John Ambuhnce Bno-ade to work with the City Police an d render as~istance when so requ ired by the City Corporation. The toast having been accorded musical honours, the cha irman thanked all present and regretted that he was bound to catch a train and therefore called upon lUI'. \V. IIarris to take the chair. The toast of Treasurer, lIon. Secreta ries and Auditor was suitab ly responded to by Supt. W. Adams (Treasurer), London S~lva ge Corps; H on. Denta l :-;urgeon A. Albert (St. John (\m ~ulance Bn!5ade) and ;\[r. F. V. Smith (Hon. Secs.), and :\[r. II. R. Shaw (AudItor); and that of the London S:tlvage Corps, Liverpool Sah'age Corps, Metropolitan Fire Brigade, and City Police, was proposed by the chai rman . Th e St. John Ambulanc~ Brigade was submitted by ~1r. VV . H . Pitman, C.C., who said II we citizens often notice the members of this Brierade at work on Lord Mayor's Day and other public occasions-they do all this good work without remuneration of any kind. \Ve are proud and pleased to see them represented so strongly here. It would be impossible to find better men." Chief Supt. Church Brasier replied, and said how glad they were to aid in a function paying honour to a brave comrade of a sister service. Dr. 1i ckley responded for the vi sitors, and Mr. Alan Palmer, "FIRST '\ID, " met \\'ith a hearty recepti on on replying for the press.

FIRST AID •

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$t. 30hn Bnlbulance Bssociation.

OLD CATTON, NOR\I'ICH.-A very successful amb ulan ce class in connection with the Norfolk County Coun cil technical educat ion scheme was carried on during the winter months in this pari sh. The lecturer was H. C . Nan ce, Esq., whose ability was highly appreciated by the members, and the instruction in stretcher-drill and the different methods of carrying patients was given by Capt. , V. 'Valton. At the examination held recently, 16 members of the class presented themselves, and all passed satisfactorily. IpSWICH CENTRE.- The classes of la most successful season are over. Return s have been made up of seven classes. About 250 name s were put down. ISS attended the full course, and II4 attended every lecture or nearly so. This, for courses of 6, 8, and 10 lectures, with country pupils coming in from even as far as seven miles off, shows how the teaching is appreciated. All these classe and two more, are to be exam ined by Dr. Coates, R.:\f., and several will also present themseh'es for examination by him, or by loca l medical men, for vouchers and medallions. This will mean the largest number of certificates, &c., ever gained in f pswich. A most interest ing lect ure on teeth, was lately given to the ~ ursing Corps by Mr. Fenn Cole and Mr. Silva Jones, illustrated by very fine lantern slides.

JOURNAL

No. r 1. - VOL. I.

DEVOTED TO AMBULANCE -WORK .

[Entered at Staf7'o71el's' Hall. ]

MAY, 1895.

:J13re\)i ties. VVITH reference to our article last month on (I H olida \' 'Vork, " we beg to call the attention of our readers to letttr from 1\lr . T. H. 'Vool ton, Superintendent of the \V ellin g-borough Corp:-; of the St. John Alllbul;lllce Brigade. Our remarks, of course, 0111\' rlJerrcd to the ~r etropolis, and we arc ,ery pl eased t()- SL'l' that ill ()1lL' Pro\'i ncial town at least, the loca l authorities . ee I he necessity of ~ upportil1g aI1d encouraging ambulance \I·(lrk.

'V E hayc ju st recciyed th e Annu a l R eport of tIle Central Executi\'e Committee of the Sl. John Ambu lance Assoc iati o n. Th ere i a larrre amount of intere ting information and facts in it,bwbich we hope tJ deal with on another occasion. ~-\'lt h ough we see no reference in it about the formation of an amblllance se r\i:e for L . Ildoll l we hope and trust that the subject has no t been torgott.en by the ~ssoc iatiol1, as it i - this body that we look to for the carryIng out of the idea. THE \\'ork of th e l\I etropo litan Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigad e on Easter Monday on the large open ~paces around L o ndon was, if not quite so hca\'y as usual III the matter of casualties, a further proof 111al the Corps is doing splendid sen-ice) and is appreciakd by the Yast crowd \\'bo frcLJuent these places at holiday times. We sh ould lik e the authorities to recognise this a little more. A courteous officialldtcr of thanks occasionally would go a long way towards this, and that is the lea t t hat t h e members who so ungrudo-ino-Iy sacrificc their o\\'n ho.liday are entitled t o recei,:"e. b During the day S0n,lC SIxty cases were attended to, some of a yer\' seriOUS nature. Not a bad record. -

£100 FREE INSURANCE

- - - :0:---

AGAINST ACCIDENTS Will be paid to the Representatives of th e purchaser of FIRS rAID in case of death as provided below, by The Sickness and Accident Ass urance Association, Ltd. IIead Office :-2+, YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH. London Office :-64, MOORGATE STREET . LONDON, E.C. To whom notice of Claims under the following con ditions mu st be sent WITHIN THREE DAYS. Applicable 'to P as-

senger Trains in Gre at Britain & Ireland. ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by the

£1 0D

above In surance Company to the Legal representat ives of any person killed by an accident to the train in which the deceased was an ord inary passenger, or who shall have been fatally injured thereby, should deat h result within :;.j. hours after such acc ident. Provid ed that at the time of such accident the person so killed or fatally inj ured was the owner of FIRST AID for the current month, containing tbis Coupon legibly signed with his or her usual signature in ink or penc il, bot h time and signalLll e being of the essence of the contract. Sigllature ............... .......................... .... ...... ....................................................................... . Address ............................................................... .. .... ... ............................... ........................ .. Thi s In surance is lim ited to one Coupon to each holder, and is not invalidated by an y ln suran.ce with thi.s.or any other A cc!d~nt ,ComI?any. It is subj ect to the ordmary condl~lO~s of the AssocmtlOn s Acclden.t P oli cies and is in force from mldl11ght, 15th March, r895, untIl midnight, 15th April, 1895.

Printed for Lhe Propl'letors by W. J. GOODE, 88, Clerkenwell It.;ad, snd publilihed by ALAlr

P.4.LMIlR and REED, at 11, Lud~ate Hill, E.U

Doi$onotl$ 1Toob~. SPEC1ALLY CONTRIIll 'TED BY A FIRST-AIDER. NO.2. T is a strange b ct, and one that teaches the fi,:st-a!der a rem ~l.I kable . . phase of human nature, that poor humanIty IS very much the ~'rctlm ?f. sca~es ~l.I:d fa shions. Once set up a style as the fa shion and l;ery.hvmg I11dlvldual tumbles to the c~'aze, just as sheep follow a sh ee p ad.el . Once set up a scare such as mIght result from a case of death Or SIckness foll owing the eating or drinking of such and sllch a food or pr~pared beverage, and the tide wi ll set in against that particular a~tlcle and the class to wh ich it belongs, with ridiculous flood . Latterly t e papers. have -:ontained in almost daily issue short or loner reports ~aragrap hl c or fu ll columns, of 11 Supposed death from eatingboysters ,: , A fatal dinner," &c., &c. In every case the coroner orders a post~~~~em,. but, strange t? . say, ~he result ~f th~ post-~nortem does not ys, If ever, appeal m print. SensatIOn IS the Idea and having created thla t th' I e Intel.est d'les out, so far as the newspaper '.IS concerned Jut the public are not so easily contented and the smart of the stin~ reGal.ns, until, in course of time, it is exh.:usted. b omg back agai n to tinned foods, the scare was as to poisonous co mpOunds of tin callsing death or sickness, and it is to be feared that in ~nany cases the verdict given was n ot always accordiner to ascertained arts · When death did not en sue, merely sickness the~ the facts were not k nown d .. . " , I d ,an SUPPOSItIon or IITlag'natlon ruled the popular opinion. tl~os~er no~ ~eem to have occurred to the first-aiders in those days, or in oca lttles where the trouble occurred, to enquire what compound

PRICE ONE PE;\;:\ Y.

of tin it could possibly have been to cause the poi soning? Out . of hundreds of tins examined, some of which had been accredited WIth poisonous qualities, I have found no compound of tin present. But even if these had been present, \\'hat quantity \\'ould be reckoned as poisonous? Chloride of tin is poisonous in full doses, but hoI\' are we to g-et chloride of tin in a preserved tin of food? "'here does the chloride come from? Xot from the food in its natural st:1te, for that cOlltains no chlorine :1t any r:1te. \Vell, a s other compound5 of tin ;.Ire comparatively harmless, some hal'ing been admini$tered in large J05es a~ a specific for certain complaillls a fel\' rears ago, you may sa fely sm ile at the suggestion of poisoning by tin. So far I have given you the rule - now to pro\'e it by an exception. .\ poisonous compound of tin can he created by subjecting tin to the act ion of chlorine or hydrochloric acid. Chlorine is a powerful disinfectan t and destroyer of the offensi\'e smell of putrefaction amongst other th ings. If you wash putrefying meat or fish in a solution of chlorine you will destroy the smell, and probably arrest (for a limej further decomposition. In some of those factories abroad which are not under strict sLlpen'ision, and which prepare che3.p foods for our 131 itish market, the use of chlorine for the purposes named is unfortunately not altogether un practised. From these goods poisoning by tin is possible. The latest phase of poi soning by food is the di scovery of 11 Ptomaines." \V hat they are, or what they are not, so far as physical appearances are concerned, may be matter of interest to the lover of scientific disco\'eries, but that they are germs capable of effecfing blood-poisoning, there is every reason to believe; firstly, because in cases of poisoning where they are found to exist in the food, they are after death found to exist in the blood of the individual poisoned, and they are not found in the blood of a healthy indiyidual. How do they get into the food? Those who are familiar with the workings of large food-presen,jngfactories know that the foods to be preseryed should be quite free from the germs of putrefaction; but, how is it possible to handle immense ma sses of food in such a man ner that none of it shall be in the slightest degree contaminated by the germs of decomposition, which, according to Pasteur and other great chemists, not only float about in the a ir, but are present freely in the water used for cook ing or cleansing? \Vh erp. ptomaines come from, or how they get there, is a question that requires much further research to decide. That they are occasionally found in food there ig no possible doubt, and that they are sometimes the cause of serious trouble cannot be questioned, but it is quite probable that the amount of damage they do to the individual depends more particularly on the state of the indil' idual's health. I have known ptomaines to exist in food that has been eaten by robust persons with impunity. The stomach with its poweful gastric juices seems, in some persons, capable of digesting any organic creation from a ptomaine to a cookery-schoo l piecrust, so that the scare is not altogether so real as some would have us believe. It exists, and that is all we can, at present, say about it. \Ve h ave fairly disestablished the theory that foods preserved in tins are necessarily poisonoLls, and have established the fact that whether the foods are presen'ecl in tins, glass, sill'er, or not preserved at all, they are all equally likely to be poisonous if the stomach of the individual partaking of them is not in a sufficiently yigorous state to digest ptomaines, and other forms of noxious germs, which creep into the circulation by passing from the stomach 10 the bowels with particles of undigested food.

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1Rational 1bealth $ociet\? There was a very large attendance at Grosvenor House when the annual distribution of medals and certificates in connection with the National Health Society took phtce. Princess Christian wa s announced to be present to perform tbe ceremony, but at the last moment telegraphed" a chill confines me to the house. Terribly \'exed and disappointed. .Nothing but sheer impossibility would have prel'ented me being with you to-day. Have asked the Duchess to take m)' place.-IIelena." '" 1r. Arthur Arnold, chairman of the London County Counci I, presided over the gatheri ng, at which speeches were delivered by Dr. ThorneThorne, of the Local Government Board, Sir Spencer \Vells, Sir Dyce Duckworth, Sir 'William Flower, and Professor Ray Lankester. ome three hundred medals and certificates were then given away by the Duchess of \Vestminster, to whom a bouquet had previously been prese nted on behalf of the society by Master Priestley.

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1Rurses' <.tolumn. COOKERY FOR I:,{VALIDS A:,{D THE SICK. ICE.-Durino- the hot summer months cool drinks are intensely refreshino- a nd in~'iO'oratino- to the system 'weakened by illness or disease. '" b . . T1Ie To fUl nish these b ice should be used with the greatest mo d eratlOn. coats of the delic~te stomach will not stand ~he sudden application of anything" icy cold" without reta liati.n~ upon the patient for the i~dis cretion. By setting the vessel conta111111g the artlcle to be cooled m a larger vessel, and packing broken ice round it, a very low te.mperature can be produced; but the nurse. should ?e careful that noth111g enters the abdominal cbJ.mber of a dehc,tte patient at a temperature lower than from 40° to 500 Fahrenheit. Such drinks will be refreshingly cool without causing the evil effects conseq~ent UpOI~ shock. A squeeze ?f lemon juice in a pint or cooled w.ater IS r~fre3h111g ; .so also, IS . a. thin barley water or rice water, very lightly aCidulated wah lemon JUice or Aal'oured with a drop of essence of lemon, al~d per?aps a lu~p ofsug~r. \\'hen shelf)' is prescribed it ca n be given With a lIllie of thiS cold flUId. .-\s a o-ood rule the nurse may calculate that any beverage ten degrees helow tl~e temperalllre of the day (i n the shade) will be refreshing, proyiued the outside temperature is not below 60° F. When the temperature O'elS dOlm to 500 F. then the patient will be showing a decided preferen~e for "'ann foods and drinks, unless the temperature of the body is unduly high from fever. CHEF ROYAL.

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1boliba~s for jftrst===Btbers. RO\l personal experience of <l: crui se in the N?rwegian Fjords, orO'all ised by the Polytechmc, we are able With confidence to <eco mme~d those who wish to enjoy their holidays abroad at 3. moderate rost to join one of the tours arranged by that in st! tution for ~hi!sun tide and the summer months. The cost of the thirteen days tnp to ~orway is about £rr, which inclu~es t~e passage bo.t~ ways, b~ard for the whole time numerous excurSIOns In land, gratUIties, and, 111 fact, el'erything beyo~d the cost o~ souvenirs and oth~r similar purchases. The oro-anisation throughout IS first rate; the CltIS11le, though not equal to that"of a hio-h-c1ass hotel, is of good quality and plentiful. Space will not permitus to dilate on the beauties of the co~ntr):', which are well known, at all events by hea rsay, to el-eryone , and It wIll ~uffic.e to say that the tour i so arrange.d as t~ enable those undertakmg It to see a maximum of 101'ely and ll1terest ll1g places. The most northerly point rea ched is Trondhjem" a~~d the total di stance co~ered i.s.3 OOO miles. A glance at the" Poly s programme shows that 111 additIon to this tour others can be ta ken to Switzerland, Holland, the Ardennes, the prin cipal citi es of Europe, Madeira, the Canary Isles, Palestine, and the Mediterranean, the charges for which vary from 3t to 30 guineas. A fea ture in connection with the Swiss tours is the chalets at SeebourCT, on the Lake of Lucerne, where a week may be spent, including retu~n ticket from London and four days' excursions at an inclusive cost of less than £ 8, which is not much more than the bare cost of the boat and railway travelling when the booking is made in the ordinary way' the ti ckets are available for forty-five days, and consequently the t~ur can be extended within that limit, the expenses being greatly reduced by a system of Imdated coupons for hotels and journeys from point 'to point in the tou r. Any further inf~rmation can be obtained hy \\Titin g to the Secretary, Polytechnic Insl1tute, 309, Regent Street, London , \\'.

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~t. ~nbrdu'~ ambulance ~~~ociation. GLASGo\\'.-An interesting ambulance competition, confined to servants of the North Briti sh R a ilway, took place on 27th April in \[idlothian Volll nteer Artillery Hall , Grindlay Street, Edinburgh. Some time ago the directors of the :\'orth British Railway Company, in view of the introduction of a mbulance work amongst the staff, decided to offer for competition a challenge cup to be called the" North Briti sh Railway Ambulance Cup." The competition was open to one team of five men, all servants of the Company, from each corps on the line. Ea ch competing team had to furni sh its own materials as well as bring improvised stretchers [t was left to the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association to appoint the examiners, and the co nditions of the competitions were approved by them I t is to the credit of the directors that arrangements were made for relieving the men from duty, and free passes were issued to tho se who required to travel to and from Edinburgh by train . As a resul t of the competition, it was announced that the team sent from Waverley Station, Edinburgh, won the silver cup and gold medals, and the team sent from College St <tion, Glasgo w, won the silver medals. The team sent from Perth Station was highly commended. The winners of the cup and gold medals were :-1, Wm. Rennie; 2, Wm. Hogg; 3, Wa lter Thomson; 4, David Kellock ; 5, Adam Wilson. The winners of the silver meda ls were :- I, Norman M'Leanj 2, David Christie; 3, Dalid Porter; 4, Alex Smith; 5, Alex . Garden The medals bear oe one ~ide the arm s of the North Briti sh Railway Company and the

May, 1895.J

AID. name of the winner and on the other Side the badge of the St. Andrew Ambulance Associa'tion and the year in which the holder won the medal. The name of the corps represented by the winning team an~ the .name of each member of the team is engraved upon the cup, wh~ch .wIlI be held fOT one year by the succes.sful corps. !'fter t~e eX,ammatlOn, the competing squads were enterta111ed to tea 111 Robmson s Temperance Hotel, Lothian Road. GLASGOW.-The fourth annual social meeting of the Glasgo w (Eglinton Street) C. R. Ambul~n.ce C orps was held on Frida~, 26th ult., in the Ambulance Hall, WIlham Street. Mr. R. :\1. F. Watson, superintendent, presided, and was .acc?mpanie~ to the, platform by Dr. <Jnd Mrs. Shaw; Mr. J. Swan, dlstnct superIntendent s ?ffice ; ~1r. J. Steven, signal superintendent; Mr. A. D. Milla r, p.resldent ; Mr. Robert Killin captain ' Mr. Robert Callan, ex-capta111 ; and M r. Chaplin, drill-instructor.' After tea had. been s~rved, the Chairman read apoloo-ies for absence from Mr. \V. PatrIck , aSSistant general manager; :>.1r. Robert Currer, distri ct superintendent ; ~[r. Thos. Anderson! chief in spector ; and \[r. J. F. :\1'[ ntosh, loco. sup~ri~tendenl, w~o debve.r ed a short address on the value of ambubnce t rall1mg. A vaned mU Sical entertainment was gone through, and Dr. Sha w pre.sented certi fic~tes ~nd medallions to the class, all of whom had passed a sa ti sfactory exammatlOn . Durino- the evening the Chairman, in th e llame of the class, presented Dr. Sh~w with a handsome timepiece and side ornaments; Mr. A. D. ~'li:Jar, a silver mounted umbrella to Mr. Chaplin, drill-instructor ; a~d :'Ilr. J. Stel'en , a handso me re,lding lamp to Mr. Robert Callan, ex-captall1. Votes o( thanks brought this most successful meeting to a close. An assembly followed, whi ch was well atten.ded. The Buchanan Street Goods ~tatlOn Ambulan ce Corps held .1 meeting in the Blythswood ~oom s on May 4th, Mr. Arch. Hi.llhouse presidinO'. There was a fairly large attendance. An enjoyable concert programme was submitted by .\1i ss Summerh_ill, Mi ss Gib~on, :\1r. Armstrong, Mr. Sellars, Mr. Gray, and Messrs. r. and A .. Ki rkwood. The Chairman, in presenting medallions an d certificates of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Association to the profic ient members of the corps, said that the Buchanan Street Cor ps ,~as the fir st of its kind established in Scotland. The present success III the movement was mJ. inly due to tha t example , and h~ was confident that such a great and n ob le work would go on and 111crease a ll over the co untry_ Jn the course of the evening Dr. Kennedy, the teacher of the corps, was presented with a silver tea pot and tray as a mark of the ~st~em and appreciation in which he was held. He a~kn ow ledged the ~Ift In a few word s and said he would place a very high value upon It as an expressio~ of the good feeling which existed between himself and hiS pupils.

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IDolunteer mebtcal Staff. H E Dinner of the Volunteer Medica l Staff took place on Thursday, 25 th April, at Li~m~rs ' Hotel,. ~vhen Deputy-Su.rgeon-Gener.al Don of the Home Dlstnct RecrUltll1g Staff was In the ChalL Am;ng those present were the fo~lowing: -Briga de-Surgeo n-Lie~t. Cols. Andrew Clark, S. Parsons, Smith, Danford Thomas, F. C. LewIs; Surgeon-Lieut-Cols. M. Baines, A. T. N orton, F. Pearse, H. R. Myers, F. W. Humphreys; Surgeon-Majors H. F. Stokes, W. Culver James, J. Adam s, E . B. Reckitt, F. E. Fenton; Surgeon-Captains A. J. Boyd, A. G. Bateman, R. R. ~leman, J. D . Grant, H. VV. Roberts, D. T. Key, ~l aitland Coffin, J. E. Squire, Baldwin, Harnett, V. Matthews, C. G. Grant; Surgeon-Lieuts. C. H. Dickson, A. Eddoes, C. Arkle, A. W . Wigmore, G. Herschell, J. P. Atkinson, S. Monckton Copeman, Bourke, R. R. Hardwick, Harper, Macleod, and. P. M. Yearsley. During the evening the usual loyal toasts were given, also those of "The Vol unteer Medical Association," "The Volunteer Ambulan ce School of Instruction," and" The Chairman. " [n an interesting speech the chairman bore witness .to tlie enthusiasm and zeal which he had noticed prevailed amongst. Volunteer Me~ical O~cers, they had m~ny . difficulties to contend With and but little lei sure. Commandll1g Officers were often not too ready to spare the men for ambulance work , but no doubt the time would come when the medical department would be more fully appreciated. He objected to the term Reserve F orces as applied to the ,,:olu~teers, Aux~li~ry Forces was more. correct. The BriO'ade orgal11satlOn was a dlSt111 Ct advance 111 the effiCiency of the fore: and when each possessed a bearer corn pany, it wou ld be another ~arked improvement. A plea s..1.nt evening was spent between the toasts some excellent glees were rendered, and the arrangemen ts generally ;eflected credit on.the-Mess Committee and Surgeo.n-Capt~in J. D. Grant, and Surgeon-Lieut. A. Eddoe5, th e Honorary ~ecretane s . The competition for the Challenge Shield of the Volunte.er Medical Association will take place on Saturday, June 15th. Entnes must be made to the Honorary Secretaries before May 15th. We note a questionable improvement in the arrangement of the marks, the ~axim~m being 300, but in this large total only 60 are ~Ilowed for first-aid, whi ch we consider the most important of all the subJects; last year 100 was th e amount given in thi s subject and this was no doubt a far better arrangement

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St. 30bn Bmbulance :f13rigabe. METROPOLITAN CORPS. CHILDREN'S HOME DIVISloN.-On Easter Monday, Mi ss Turner, and a detachment from this division, were on duty with others at Chingford, Blackheath, and Hackney Mars hes. At the first stati on, 19 cases were attended to ; at the second, 18 ; and at the third, o. On Sunday, 28th April, the Misses Blye and Edith Bourke, and two men under the charge of 3rd Officer Lawson, were on duty at St. Paul's Cathedral Station from 2 to 8 p.m., but their services were not required. The monthly drill on Saturday, 4th May, was attended by 12 men and loffi cer. The monthly meeting wa s held at the Museum of the Children's Home, on Tuesday, 7th May, Dr. Stevenson in the chair. Hon. Surgeon Tun stall, and the 1st, 2nd, J.nd 3rd Officers, many Nursing Sisters, and a few of the men being present. Reports were read af the various duties performed last Bank H oliday, and names were taken of those willing to act on Whit Monday. After tea the remainder of the time at the di spos..1.1 of th e me eting was spent in roller bandage practice, for whi ch som e of the chi ld ren fr om the Home made excellent patients. TOYNBEE HALL DIVISIO:-l.-A course of lectures has kindly been given in con nection with ·the above by Dr. Dundas Grant, F.R. C .S .. on e of the H on. Surgeons to the Dil-ision. All the pupils, except one who came from outside the Divi sion, passed the subseq uent exa mination. A course of Nursing Lectures for men , conducted by Dr. :-'lilne, co mmences on May 16th, and a course for women is to be underta ken by Dr. Eddowes. PROVI:\,CIAL CORPS AYLESB URY.-At a meeting of the St. John Ambulance Brigade (Aylesbury Division), held on Saturday, March 9th, the follow in g officers were elected for the ensuing year :-Hon. Surgeon, T . G. Parrott, Esq. ; supe lin tendent, U r. J. F. Roche; first officer, ,\11'. R. Higgins; second officer, ~1 r. J. Pengelly; sto re-keeper, Mr. D. James; hon. secretary, P.-S. G. E. Thomas ; committee, Messrs. Bel'a n, Bryan, and Southam. I t may not be generally known that the abo,-e brigade has been established (or the purpose of rendering first aid in case of accident on such occasions as race meetings, sports, football matches, &c. ; al so for removing patients from their homes, or vice vers..'l, under t he superintendence of the medical adviser. The brigade are open to be calleu upon any moment, day or night, and any case reported to the superintendent or secretary will ha\'e attention. GATESHEAD FELL A~1B (J LANCE CLASS.-On Tuesday, April 2nd, an excellent concert was given in the National schoolroom, Low Fell, in connection with this flourishing class, the Vicar of St. Helen's, the Rev. A. H. Patterson, M.A., presiding. In the interval some of the youngest members of the class, Messrs. Kirk, Porter, Horgeest, Bone, and VV. Leadston, gal'e an exhibition of first aid work, accompanied by stretcher exercise. The certificates and medallions awarded to the class were then presented by Mrs. Leatharl, of Brackendene, and it wa s a very pleasing in cident in this presentation that three of Mrs. Leathart's sons were among those entitled to certificates. Twenty-three first year and eight second year men received certificates, and nine men received ~edallions. Mrs. Leathart then presented Dr. Davis, the medical ll1structor, on behalf of the class, with a ha nd some gong, which the worthy doctor, in a hum orous speech, described as a 'first aid to appetite." The chairman then requested Mrs. Leathart, on behalf of the members, to present to 1\1r. J. Adolphus Harri son, a gold duplicate of the bronze medallion, whi ch he has worn for some time, in recoo-nition of his services in that capacity. This was a great sur pri se ~o Mr. Harrison, who, in a graceful speec.h, thanked th e members for their ha ndsome present, a nd concluded by moving a vote of thanks to Mr s. Leathart for presen ting the certificates, to the vi car for the fre e use of the parish room, and for presid ing at this meeting, and to the lad ies and gentlemen who provided the entertainment. This was seconded by the Rev. J. Wilson, B.A., curate of Gateshead Fell, a member of the class, and carried wi t h acclamation. A large a udien ce witnessed the proceed ings, which terminated with the N ational Anthem. IpSWICH CORPs.-It is sat isfactory that at the recen t exa minati ons all the members of the corps, with two exce pti ons, passed for youchers or medallions. The Corps seems to be growing in strength and populanty. . PO.TTERIES CORPs.-In addit.ion to the nine sections a lready existi ng III thiS Corps, the local hon. director, Mr. S. Malkin Copeland hopes to be able during the present month to form and place on ; sound footing sections for Etruria and Tunstall. Funds are urgently needed to carryon and extend this work. READING.-Mr. F. Shackleford has been appointed park constable of the Palmer Park, Reading. This is greatly owing to his kn oxledge of first aid work. ROCHDALE AMll ULA:-lCE CORPS.-O n Thursday eyening seyeral members of the above corps, with the deputy-superintendent, Mr. Ingham, and the secretary, Mr. Catan ach, held a meeting in the Co-operative Hall, Market Street, for the purpose of trying to form an ambulance class for Whitworth. There was a fair attendance, presided over by Mr. E. A. Stott. The Chairman, in his opening remark s, dwelt on the usefulness of first aid, and urged the young men present to join

AID.

the class_ Mr. J ngham addressed the meeting at some length , and showed what good the corps had done since it was formed. Their chairman, M r. Stott, and a member of the corps, :'.1 r. Garner, had both been the means or-saving two persons from dying by prompt attention. (Loud applause.) If any district needed ambulance men it was Whitworth, where ther~ were so man y quarries. The corps at Rochdale would give them a ll the help it cou ld. After the address the members went th ro ugh a practical demon stration, treating fractures, stretcher exercises, saving people from drowning and burning, &c. At the close a hearty vote of thanks was passed to the Co·operative Society for the use of room. A like compliment was paid to the Rochdale corps for having come to Whitwort h that evening.-Prior to the meeting the corps pa raded Market Street in uniform. After the meeting was ol'er 40 persons decided to join the class, whi ch Dr. Baillie hao consented to in struct. WIN ~FORD CORPS.-On Saturday, \l ay +th, about 3.30 p.m., while a num ber of men were loading a vessel with loose salt on the ril'er Weaver, a fall of salt occurred in the storehouse, an d two men narrowly escaped with their li ves. One of them, James Brooks, an old man, was seriously injured by another man falling on him. Supt. Heathcote was quickly on the spot, and finding that Buckley was sufferi ng from injury to the spine sent for the litter, and did everything possible for the comfort of Brooks, who was also suffering from shock . First officer Bates, a nd Privates Boden, i\Iullock and Massey assisted in removing the man home, and placing him in bed. On reaching the house it was found that the rooms up and down were ,'ery smali, anu the staircase narrow with the u,ual sharp cu rve at the foot. I t was impossible to put a bed downstairs, and therefore the patient was well secured to the stretcher, and with careful manipulation was got up anu placed in bed without a mishap. It is decidedly the mo st difficult case the corps have had to deal with. Dr. Kendal arrived just as the patient was put in bed, and it is to be hoped that under skilful treatment the man will recol'er.

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St. 30bn Bnlbulance Bssociatioll. DERBY" HO DDER" AMB ULA:-ICE CHALLE:-IGE C UP COMPETITIO:\,.This competiti on has been decided, resulting in the victory of the .\1 idland Railway Loco. Department B Team. This is the fourth year the C up has been competed for. The Cup was presented to the winners by Mr. H odder, and afterwards a display of ambulance work W<1S given by the ladies' class. POTTERIES CENTRE.-This Centre is ma king a record session. On Friday the 3rd inst. the thirty-ninth co urse of lectures was commenced in the Magistrate's R oom, Town Hall, Bursle m, to a class of ladies. IpS\\-ICH CE:-ITRE.-Examinations have been the great thing lately. Dr. Coates, R .N., conducted severa l examinations. Ninety-three stu dents were examined , of whom twelve failed. The students were of all classes, ladies and gentlemen , and genuine wor king men. Some were examined in first a id, some in nursing (another season we hope to have a nursing class for men), and some for vouchers and meuallion s. Since then two local medical . men have examined thirty more for vouchers and meda llions, of whom twenty-six passed. There are still some pol ice to be examined for vouchers, but all is noll' nearly ready for the annual mee ting on the 22nd, when Lord Henniker will present mOle than 200 certificates, &c. A g reat many were eligible for examinatio n; if they had come up, our numbers would have been fa I' higher than before, even now we ca n show more wo rk than last year -our record year. MIDLAND RAILWAy.-WH ITECROSS STREET DEPOT, E.C.-On \Vednesday morning, May 8th, J . Heaton, Esq., distributed t he cert ificates to the successful pupils at this Depot, and in doing so he spoke of the pleasure it gave him to be present and make the distribution. He hoped they would push forward for the medallion, and mentioned that valuable assistance had heen rende red by First-aiders at St. Pancras Station. :-'1r. Henry J- Carter, the Hon. Secretary of the class, hopes that anot her large class will commence in the autumn. The recent class was instructed by Dr. G. Martyn, and those who presented themselves a t the examination were well up in the subject. FAR NHAM.-The annual distribution of medalli ons and cert ifi cates too k place at a. meeting held in the 'Vest Street Board Schools, on_ 'Vednesday evel1lng, May 8lh , when there was a goou altend:tnce of ladies and gentlemen in terested in the work of the Association . The chair was taken by the ReI". H . G_ Topham , who made an interesting speech on the usefulness of Ambulance Cor ps. Mrs. Herbert Sloman presented the med~lli o n s and certificates to the successful pupils, viz., 6 medallion s, I I vouchers for re-examination, and 6 certificates. The Hon. Secretary (Mr. A. 'Vinslade) gave a report of the work done since 1st September last, stating that th e mern bel'S had treHed 30 cases as against 23 for th'! corresponding peri od of the prel'ious year, and figures relating to num' er of certificates a nd meuallion s issued, &c. Great interest was take n in the practical work which took place in the schoolyard when the members ga\'e a very creditable display of van <;lr ill, wheel litter drill, and seat drill, under the dire ction of Set'geant A. Smith, their instructor.

FIRST A tn.

As it is our most earnest wish and desire to make this Journal as attractive as possible, we beg correspondents in all parts of the country to give it all the help they can. IVe hope the Superintendents of Corps and Officers of Divisions of the t. John Ambulance Brigade, and Officers of the "olunteer :\Iedical Staff Corps, and the Volunteer Ambulance School of Instruction, will do their best to make it known amc[!~st their respective corps, and also will send for publication their official news.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR 12 months, IS . 6d., post free, to be sent to "The Publishers," Alan Palmer & Reed, IT, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-' ARTERY, LONDON ."

FIRST AID How long shall London wait? A;\lBULANCI£ The question of forming an ambulance SER\'ICE FOR seryice for London is, to our mind, the LO:\DON. burning one of the present day, and the only wonder is that such an obvious necessity should still be delayed. Many of the chief Continental cities have felt the need of an institution of this kind, owing to the number of fatalities and accidents that occur in their streets, and have accordingly spent a good deal of money in creating efficient services. On raising a question of this kind, "which means asking the public authorities to spend a considerable amount of money out of the public purse, it must be shown that a necessity exists, and that the public will receive a corresponding benefit justif~ying the expenditure. The fir t question then is, does London need an Ambulance Sen-ice? In order to giye a full and complete answer to this query we must see what arrangements at pre ent are in operation for treating cases of accident and sudden illness occurring in the streets, workshops, &c., and for con veying them to the nearest hospital or to the patients' homes. To take two or three instances -Suppose a man is run over in the City; a policeman appears and takes charge of the case, his instructions being to put the patient into the nearest cab as quickly as possible, and conyey him to the hospital, and this is done without attention being paid to the nature of lhe injury, whether it is a fit case for immediate removal, whether he has any fracture which ought to be attended to, or any hcemorrhage to be stopped. The constable has even no instructions to obtain a stretcher. ' Ve cannot admit that this is the right and proper method of treating an accident. A life of great service to the State might be sacrificed in this way. Another instance-there is an accident in the suburbs, where the question of creating an obstruction to the traffic is not so serious, the bystanders collect and wait for the policeman to make his appearance, who mayor may not at his discretion call in the assistance of a nei<Thbourin<T medical man, and from whom he takes his in~[ruction; Just a word about the doctor, who may possibly know y ry little about transport work, for instruction in this particular but most important bral ' ch of ambulance \vork forms no part of the curriculum of a medical man . The doctor comes and orders the case to be taken to the hu~pital, either in a cab or in one uf the antiquated stretcher to he found at Lhe metropolitan police sLations. The patient is lifted into the cab or on to the streLcher . by pe?ple who do not understand the proper method of handlmg these cases, and probably by the time the patient arriYes at the hospital his priluary injury is conSiderably aggravated. We think a considerable improyement 011 Lhese obsolete lilOdes' of u:eatmenL ought

to be made, for hundreds of these cases are occurring each week in London. Again, a fire takes place, and inmates of the burning house are brought out part ially suffocated, for which artificial respiration is required, but there is nobody at hand to perform it. There i room, plenty of it, for reform in this case. ' Ve gi \'e these instances only to show that no attempt has been made by the public authorities (except perhaps the City police) to upply for the benefit of t he public anything in the way of either ambulance material or ambulance workers. \Ve must not, however, forget thaL at yarious street corners, where the traffic is somewbat conge ted, there are placed boxes belonging to the Hos[>itals A sociation, containing stretchers, &c., but we cannot see the use of the e unless assi tant · skilled in the handling of a stretcher are supplied as well. H:lying thu 'hown that nothing is done in the way of supplying ambulance worker ' or material bv the public bodies who rule over us, we pass on to the quetion, Does London need an Ambulance Ser\'ice? \ Ve unhesitatingly answer this in the. affirmative, and gi "e the following reasons which we think are sufficientl)' powerful. 1. It is the duty of the tate to protect the !i\'es of its subjects. Thi - principle, is admitted, in ci\·illife. for we find that in dangerous occupations tLe State st ps in and insists on proper precautions being taken; for in tance, in collieries, where stretchers and other appliances ba\'e to be used. The principle, being admitted, ought to be applied to all other kinds of accidents. 2. Apart from the aboye, we ought to look at it from the humanitarian point of "iew. In moments of distress or suffering we ought to do the be t we can for our fellow-creatures, remembering that a per on rendered insensible by accident or sudden illne s is incapable of taking care of himself, therefore responsible officials ought to be appointed, capable of rendering fir t aid treatment, and conveying him to the hospital in the best way possible. 3. The State acknowledges a sense of responsibility in protecting the individual members of the community from the dangers of infectious disease by providing hospital accommodation free, and also an ambulance sen'ice (free) for the transport of these cases to the hospital. It is only carrying out the same principle in proyiding first aid treatment and means of transport for cases of accident and sudden illness that occur in our streets and workshops, &c. There is a curious anomaly about our general hospitals which is worth mentioning, viz., we treat cases of accident and illne s free, but we do not provide means of transport or first-aid treatment. The authorities admit, in a way, the necessity of ambulance work, for they allow a voluntary association to help them by means of ambulance stations, and also are glad of its as!:iistance on the occasions of public demonstrations, processions, and the like. We do not think that anyone can really deny the necessity of an ambulance service being required for London, and it almo!:it seem like thrashing a dead horse Lo argue the question seriously. Our feeling ill the matter is Lhis, that if allY of us should be so unfortunaLe as to be injured in the streets, we ought to be certain that we are not left to the tender mercy of an ignorant bystander or policeman, but that efficient first aid tre Itment will be rendered in as skilful a fnanner as possible, and that we shall be conveyed to a hospital in a proper manner without any aggravation of the injury.

May, I8QS.j

FIRST AID.

®ur ~ol'trait (Baller\? COL. EDWARD TALBOT THACKERAY, V.c., C.B., COMMISSlO~ER ST. JOH~ AI\1BULA:-':CE BRIGADE. IRST-AlDERS who have Lhe pleasure of knowin<T the Commissioner of the St. John Ambulanc~ Brigade will, we are ure, be pleased on finding his portrait in our gallery this month. Although his COll, nection with ambulance work l" comparati vely of recent origin, yet since his appoint ment as Commissioner, Colonel Thackeray has, by his courtes\' and the deyotio;) which he has shown in the di'icharge of his yoluntary duties, earned the esteem and regard of all ambuiance helpers. Born in 1836, Col. Thackeray entered the Hall, East India CUlllpan/s, ~l ilitary C011egc, Addi combe in February I ' ~ ':\ reCel\'lllg his commission in the Co~p ' of En<Tin~er 'ii; December of the following year. In the e~rly part of I \37 he proceeded to India, and on arriyal was posted to the Bengal Sappers and Miners. He ,,-as pre' ~nt at the battle of Baale Serai and throu<Thout the SIege of Delhi, and took part in the assau It o~ the 14th September, on which occasion no less than ten out of se\-enteen European officers were either killed or woullded. Col. Thackeray was a warded that coyeted decoration, the Victoria Cross, for extilwuishin<T a fire in Ehe. Delhi magazine enclo ure on Septe~1ber Ilth, T8S7. fhls gallant act was performed under a clo e and heavy ml1s.kt.~ry fir~ from the enemy, and at the imminent risk ?f hIS lIfe oWlIlg to the explo ion of combustible stores 1~1 the ~hed in which the fire occurred. He was men· tIOned 1:1 despatches, and recei\'ed the thanks of the general 111 command. After the sie<Te Col. Thackeray served with the column under Gene~al Showers in the Me\~r.atee district, and was present at the capture of Fort ~huJJur. ,II~ the December of 1857,.he accompanied the ?lumn \\ hlch marched from DelhI to Lucknow under ~lr 1.. Seaton, and was present at the actions of Gungeree, utt.latee and Mgup0rY. He next served with the :ngll)e~r Brigade, under Col~nel Robert Napier, afterVends Field Marshal Lord NapIer of M a<Tdala and was presentattl1e operatIOns . " 111 the capture b' end1l1g of Lucknow by Lord Clyde. f In April, 18 58, he accompanied the Rohilcund field°lrce, and was present at the capture of Fort Roovah \\' 1 er h' 1 . . at the actionJ of, A e IS 10rse was shot under h1111 lJygu H nge, and the capture of BareLlly in May 18 - 8 B e ser:'ed also with the column u nder Sir Geo/<T~ Harker ~n the operations in Oude at the end of 18.7'8. L e receIved the Indian medal with clasps for D elhi a~d ucknow. Three years' afterwards he was employed for . . everal f I wee 1"... s 111 surveYll1g and makll1g a reconnaissance o tl~ co u ntry occupied by the hostile Abors borderin<T on t e D ehong and Debong rivers in Upper Assam~

From .this time m~ti l 1879 he wa employed in various posts 111 the P~bhc Works and Military \ ""Iorks Department~, and bUIlt barracks and hospitals at Allahabad, GwallOr, Meerut, and Umballa, and received the thanks ?f the Go\~e:nment of Bengal for sanitary improvements 111 Fort \VIIlJam. In September, J879, Col. Thackeray, ,,-ho was in command of the Bengal Sappers, marched with the headquarters of this corps to the Khyber Pass and subsequently took part in the advance of Gederal Charle Gough on Kabul in September, r 879. He was placed in command of the post at Jugdulluk Kotul. This post was o.n thre~ occaSlOns attacked by the Ghilzais, the last occaSIOn be111g 011 December 23rd. ~-\t this time the fort was held by two companies of sappers, and a detachment .of the 2+th Punjab Infantry The Ghilzais ,~~o \\-ere III gr.eatly superi~r l~umbers were repulsed \\ Ith 10 s, and retIred about n;ldl1lght, the attack haying lasted for ten hours. DUrIng the engagement Col. Thackeray was severely wounded and his natiYe orderly was shot dead by his side. ' He was fn-ourably mentioned in despatches by Lord Roberts and by General Gough and receiyed the Afghan m~dal. In ] 8 7 he \,"as employed in the Intelligence Bl anch o~ t~e Quartermaster Gelleral in India and on the cOl;lptlatlOn of jrecls of information relating to the countnes of Sikkim, Bokhara Ba<Thdad and Borneo a ~vork [or .which he received the thank of the Command~r l11-Chief 111 India. <:01. Thackeray attained his present rank in 1884 and retlred from the serv,i ce in 1888. In the Queen's Birth~ay ~azette of 1886 he was made a C.B., a mark of dist111ctIOn f~om the hands of his Soyereign which we feel sure all WIll. agree he has justly earned by his long and gallant servI~e on behalf of his Queen and country. In .conclu~lOn, we may mention that Col. Thackeray, who ~s a Kl1lght of Grace in the Order of St. John, was apl?o111te~ Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Bn~ade 1I1 June, 1893. That be has carried out the duties of the office in a manner that has earned for him t~e respec~ and esteem of all of those who are associated WIth hIm 111 the work is to express but faintly the feeling of officers and members. It is only natural that they should be pr?ud ~f him, for it is not eyery Corps that can boast of a ch.lef WIth a record like that of Col. Thackeray, ad~ed to whIch ~e posses~es a kindly, courteous nature, W~llCh at once \'HI1S for h 1m the regard of all ' of those WIth whom he comes. ~n contact. That he may be spare~ to h~ld the pOSItIOn of Commissioner for many years IS a WIsh that will be endorsed by all ranks. :0: - - ,- -

'Wlb\? gbOUI~ l,on~on wait 1 A~ s~owing the urgent necessity that exists for a proper ambulance sernce 111. Lo~don, we beg to draw attention to. four fatal accidents which

occurred III North London in less th'l;n one week. In each case, as far as we can learn, no ambulance applIances were available for the rem?val of the sufferer~. How much longer is this crying evil to exist in thIS the lar~est and nchest metropolis of the world? . . IS that PI of Harry" Lewis \;Yard ' aged 30. , a coach man, I'IVlllg t The Pfirst a 37, nncess ace, Nottmg HIlI. peceased was standing near to his h_?rse and trap at Bla~kstock Roa~, F1l1sbury Park, when the horse took f, Igbt, and deceased, 111 endeavounng to stop it was knocked dOl , . h'" , vn an d r~n ove~', ~'ece~\' IIl~ sue IllJune~ that he died soon after admission to the Grea~ ~ olthel n Central HospItal. The second case is that of Mary Huckle, aged three, daughter of a carman living at Albany Place Hornse)i Road, who was run o,'er and killed by a horse and cart whe~ atlelI!ptl11g to cross the roadway near her parents' house. The third ~se IS that of James Lewis Elves, So., coal merchant's foreman, who reSIded at Holloway Road. Deceased t' . I ' . . . some time ago was attemplllgto rem?v~ a.plano W len. It fell, tnJurlng him. Blood poisoning followed the IllJ,unes, from whIch he sank and died. The fourth case is that of a ~ab-dnver named John T~mer, aged 56, of Pentonville Road, who died 111 the Royal Free HospItal, Gray's Inn Ro.ad from the effects of fracture of the skull, caused by his having been thrown from his cab. a

FIRST AID. 1. .

wof)n ~mflUlan(e a~~ociation I in ~outb ~fri(a.

HE iml.lwuration of the St. John Ambulance work in 'outh ..... frica dates back to 188-1-, whe1'\ a Centre was formed in Graham's . Town, a city in the Eastern Pro\'ince of Cape Colony. In the followingyear the capital of the frontier districts, King IVilli'am's Town, followed suit and branches were established in Eas' London on the one hand, and' Oueenstown on the other. Thanks to the ende..1.vours of Dr. 'v". C. Scholtz, a Centre was formed in Cape TO\\'n in 1891. The inaugural meeting-, which wa s presided over by 11. E. Sir Hemy B. Loch, G.('.~., G.c.~I.G., Governor of the Colony and tIer :'.lajesty·s [] igh Commissioner, was an important and noteworthy fun ction. [lis Excellency wa-; supported by General Sir I\'. Gordon Cameron, K.C.B., Commander of H.:'II. Forces i.l Soulh Africa, by Sir Henry de \ 'ill iers, Chief Justice of the Colony, Dr. C. F. K . .\lu rray, President of the Colonial :-'1edica l Council, by the Re\,. Rabbi .Ioel Rabinowitz, \\ilhout whom no philanthropic movement in the capital city 1I0uid be considered successfully launched. and by a large gathering of the most influential people in the metropolis. A representati\'e committee \I'as duly formed, and \'ery shortly commenced operations. :\t the end of the first year 296 pupils h"d passed through the ambu lan ce course; the second year brouO'ht '6:,; and the third year sa\\' the numbers increased to :'1 r. The fourth annual meeting \las to be held last month, and it is confidently expected that the previous year' record will be eclipsed. Brigade \lark has not been forgotten. Excellent corpsconsistofmemLers of the Cape Gm'ernment Raih\ays both at CapeTown and East London. the stretcher station and repository at the goods ,heds in the metropolis being a model of its kind. In town and suburbs the ladies have formed a nursing guild on the lines of the Richmond (Surrey) one, and most beneficial work has been done already. Sinc.e the formation of the Cape Centre, the movement has rapidly spread not only throughout the Colony,but th roughout South Africa genera lly ,a nd as na mes do not always convey a "ense of magnitude it would be well for the reader to recall to mind that in referring to the territory under rev ie\\', he is dealing with an alea se\'eral times h(rger than the United Kingdom. Centres now exist not only in Cape Colony wi th hranches at East London , Graham's Town, Heidel berg, Kimberley, King \yillia~1 's Town, Malme"bury, .\Iaseru, ~I ossel Bay,Oudtshoorn, Paarl, Port Ebzabeth,Queens1Own, Riversdale, Robertl;on, Stellenbosch, ,lnd \Vorcester, but also in the Orange Free State, the South African Republic (better knOll n as the Trans\'aal), British Bechuanaland, :\[atabeleland, and it is hoped that Natal and '\1ashonaland will soon be enrolled under the banner of S1. John. The Central Executive Committee at St. John's Gate last year sanctioned the formation of a Council for South Africa, which has paramount authority oyer all centres and sections from Cape Agulhas 10 the Zambesi. The Council consists of the Patrons of Centres, Chairman of the Cape Centre, Chairman, Treasurer-General, Secretary-General Trustees (if required), Auditor, Director of Stores and two members from each of the following Centres,. yiz., Cape Colony, Natal, British Bechuanaland, the Orange Free State, the South African Republic (other centres wjll be affiliated as soon as formed), together with fl\'e members of the Honorary Medical SL.'1ff, of whom the Examiner of the Cape Town Centre for the time being is one. The Executive Officers are the Chairman, the Deputy.Chairman, the Secretary-General, the Treasurer-General, and the Examiner of the Cape Town Centre for the time being. Members and Honorary Associates of the Order of S1. John of Jerusalem haye IPSO facto a seat on the South African Council, and are entitled (if elected), to ael as Executive Officers. The foilowing were the members of Council for last year (ending April 1895). Hi s Excellency Sir Henry B. Loch, G,C.B., G.C.J\1.G. (Patron of the Cape Centre), His Honor President Reitz (Patron of the Free ~tate Centre), His Honor Sir :-'ydney Shippard, KC.M.G., D.C.L. (Patron of the British Bechuanaland Centre), General Sir William Gordon Cameron, K.C.B. (President of Cape Centre), Dr. Brebner, LL.D. (President of the Orange Free State Centre), M1'. F. J. 1 ewton, C.M.G. (President of British Bechuanaland Centre), Mr. J. M. L. Brown, M.L.A., Mr. E.J. Earp, lllr. T. R. Pri ce (Chief Traffic Manager, Cape Government Railways), representing Cape Colony. Mr. A. H. Harper (Superin · tendent Cape Government Railways), a nd Mr Russell representing Bechuanaland; The Rev. Rabbi J oel Rabinowitz and one other member representing the Orang~ Free State. The members of the Honorary l\ledical Staff were Dr. C. F. K. Murray (President of the Colonial Medical Council), Dr. J. Hewat (;\lember of the Colonia! Medical Counci I), Dr. 1\1. H ewat, Dr. C. E. Piers and Dr: J. C. Pearson, -:xaminer for the )'ear 1894-1895. The foHowing were the office bearers: Hon. Trea surer-General, M1". A. J. Fuller (Colonial Defence Department); Hon. Director of Stores, Mr. D. Robinson; Hon. Secretary-General, Professor J. A. Liebmann (Dioco:!san College). The Lape A rgus, referring to the formation of the Council, wroteJ as foll ows :-" 1 notice another link has been forged in the chain of South MI ican federation by the development of the St. John Ambulance Association from a local or even a \Vestern Province matter into a huge South Afri can organization, 'from the Cape to the Zambe5i,' with one general". courr"c~l' :and " representa~ves -01: every Colony and r

FIR ST

State. "vVe are getting so accustomed to large ideas nowadays that presently some of our enthusiasts will look upon the South African idea as too modest a dne, and, with the extension of the telegraph to Cairo, will begin to dream and talk about the possibility of a ' United States of Africa.' .. Ambulance training is general throughout all sy"tems of the Cape Government Railways, which now amount to over 3,000 miles. :-;tretchers and first aid appliances are to be found at all important stations, and all long distance trains carry the ambulance hamper in the \·an . The De Beers' Consolidated Mines, Limited, who employ Htch numbers of men for winning the precious gem that does not glitter in the secret mine, though Mrs. Hemans would h:lve us believe it does, have everything most admirably arranged for coping with the most serious accidents. On the gold fields in the Transvaal, the dissemination of Ambulance knowledge has prm'ed a source of inestimable blessings .. To show how earnestly the work has been taken up by the Government Railways, it is only neces5<'1ry to refer to the last annual report but one wherein the Council of the l.ape Centre reported: "The Council si ncerely trust that during the coming year a scheme may be elaborated by which pay and promotion in the railway service may be dependent on the possession of the first aid certificate of the Association, and that for the uniformed staff, engine drivers, stokers, &c., attendance at lec· tures will be co mpul Rory. The railway authorities have established a tr.lining institute in Cape Town, and ambulance instruction forms part of the curriculum. " The balance sheet for the year 1 93--1- of the Cape Centre alone showed a turnover of all but £-1-00, which must be con· side red eminently satisfactory for so young a Centre. The South African Council trust that ambulance lectures will soon form part of the school curriculum in all the higher classes of the State schoob throughout Cape Colony. In a country such as that where the population is sparse, the distances are frequently enormous from farms to villages, i.e. the nearest medical man, and he \'eryoften not at home, a thorough knowledge of first aid may be the means of saving many a valuable life. The employes of the Table Bay Har00ur Works as well as those of East London enjoy the benefit of in structi on , and so highly does the Board in the former place think of the work that they have allowed the men to attend lecture s during the Board's time. In some districts the Cape Police are already receiving instruction, and doubtless, ere long, all of them will attend courses where possible. In the medical department of the Cape Mounted Rifles, over which Surgeon Lieut-Col. Hartley, (Associate of the Urder of S1. John), rules so efficiently, the first aid certificate is a sma qua Ilon. Willing workers are thus busily engaged under frequently discouraging circumstances in carrying out not only the letter but the \'ery spirit of the knights hospitallers.of old, succouring the aged and infirm, tending the sick, aiding th e wounded, comforting the afflicted, and adding their quota to the good work-

v.c.

Pro Utili/ate H on/mum.

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jfirst Bi~

1Recor~.

MR. ALFRED GULL, of 2-1-, Bracey Street, Hornsey Road, Holluway, re ports :-At 12.30 a.m., the 12th inst., I was passing along the HOfllsey Road when 1 met Police Constable 602 Y with Mary 13laskall, aged fifty, residing at 4, Rhodes Place, Hornsey Road, N., who was bleeding from incised wound of the wrist, severing the leaders and the radia I artery. At once applied tourniquet, and arrested bleeding; washed the wound well and bandaged patient, who was afterwards conveyed to Great Nprthern Central Hospital, Holloway R oad. BURNLEV, LANC. DIVlSlO:--I.-On Thursday afternoon, April 1lith, while three men were at work unl oad ing a truck of sand at the Corporation Danes House yard one of the planks gave way precipitating a man named T. Simpson to the pa\'ement, and causing injuries which might have proved serious but for the prompt assista:Jce of Ambubnre Captain T. Suthers, who rendered nrst aiel in stopping the bleeding and applying bandages. COVE",TRY.-A YOU:-lG HERO.-A Coventry correspondent telegraphs: Se\'eral boys were fishing in a duck-pit at Stoke Aldermoor, on Thursday evening last, when one of their l'umber, James Darling, living in Gosford StreeL, Coventry, fel l into the water and immediately disappeared. A labouring man, hearing the cries of Darling's companions, endeavoured with a long po le to extricate th e unfortunate lad, but unsuccessfully, when at that moment vVilliam Edwin Irving, a boy li ving at 15, Victoria Street, Hillsfield, Coventry, was riding on his bicycle near to the pit, and healing of the casualty immediately plunged into the WaleI', and succeeded in bringing Darling from the bottom. Having, with the assistance of the bystanders, gOL the unfortunate boy on the bank, Irving, who has been a pupil of the local life-saving class, proceeded to re suscitate Darlin g, who was in a state of extreme collapse, and in about twenty minutes sufficiently restored him to admit of his be ing cOl1\'eyed home. This is tile second life gallantly saved by Irving, who has on ly just aLl,lined his thirteenth year, and who was the recipient of a silver medal in December last for efficiency in life-saving procedure.-Daily Telegl'flpll. DONCASTER.-On Thursday afternoon . ,\ pnl 18th, an accident happened at the Great Northern Railway ~\Olks at Don caster to E .. l..ell'is,. engine filter, :who was working in the erL (t ing shop, ",hen ~l

piece of steel flew off a set head which he was holding and at which another man wa? striking, severing an artery in Cis right h and . He was promptly and ably attended to by II. H.La\'er, of the Donl:aster St. John Ambulance Corl's, who works in the same shop and who accompanied him to the Doncaster fnfirm ary, where the ~rtery was ligatured by the hOlIse surgeon. LEEDS.- Yfr. Thomas King Fox, of Highfield House, Silkstone, was passing along a carriage drive on his w ly home when he got his fOOL throuCTh Lhe 1'0"[ of a greenhouse. l-l e cut his leg, but not thinking the injury serious, walked on. lIe soon began to feel weak, and on meeting Police-constable Wiggington he fainted. The officer finding that blood wa s gushing from an artery, bandaged the wound and took him home. There is no doubt that if he had not chanced to meet the constable, who had attended the classes of the St. John Ambulance .\ 'sociation, he would h:l\'e bled to deJ.th.-leeds Dail;' News. LErCE3TER.-:\ serious accide:lt occurreJ on Saturday afternoon, May -1-Lh, to .'vIr.. \Iben Coleman, of Leicester. As he was descending :1 steep hill about a mile beyond Xewtown, a viUage fi\'e mile; from Lei-:ester, he lost control of his bicycle -on which he had no brakeand fell hea\·ily, recei\·in O' concu-;sion of the brain and some contusions. l:irst aid W;lS rendered by '\1r. J. E. Rop~r, inspector of ambulance transport, Lei ce-iter Corps, and ~lI. J. Foulds, of the Groby class. ,\ carriage was lent to convey Coleman to :'-J'ewtown, where he was attende I by Or. lJarri s, who was fetc'led from Anstey, and on his ad\·ice .\I r. Roper rode off to Leicester to obtain the horse ambulance wagon kept at the fire station, in which, under the care of Fireman Thompson, a member of the Fire f3rig.lde .\ mbulance, the injured man was brought to the Leicester Infirmary, where he regained consciousHe is still ness after ha\'ing b.:!en insensible about four hours. detained, but is now making rapid progress. During a performlnce of Poole's Myriorama the other evening at Leicester, a young man had a se\'ere epileptic seizure. Mr. J. E. Roper LOok the case in hand, carried the man out into the corridor, and it was h.Llf-an-hour before he reco\·ered. ST. BLAZE\" COR:--I\\'-\LL.-Accident to :, p.m. passenger train, ex Plymouth between Doublebois and Bodmin Road, April 13th. [umber of pas5engers injured, about 12; description of injuries-sprains, scalp and flesh wounds. First aid rendered by IV. Pello\\' , Loco. Department, St. B1azey, pupil in the SL Blazey Class. St. Blazey Class inaugurated February last, examination of candid:lles not yet taken place. ;\[r. Pellow, accompanied by his wife, was tra veiling as an ordinary passenO'er when the train ran off the line. The latter, fortunately, had se\'eral pocket h lndkerchiefs with her which were at once requisitioned, and used as bandages and pads for same, t0gether with towels from the lavatory compartment in the train, cold water bein a also obtained from this source. Upwards of an hour elapsed before a medical ma n arrived upon the scene. This gentleman pronounced the first aid rendered as satisfactory, and fa\·ourably commented upon the same in the press. X 0 bones appear to have been broken; one gentlema n, however, complained of injury to his back and relief was afforded him by the application of two towels bound firmly round the back and chest. This gentleman was transferred to the relief train by means of an improvised stretcher. A II the other pas5engers were able to walk. While at Par tation on the morning of April ~qt h , at 5.55 a.m ., Engineman J. G .Thomas was called to a goods guard who had been caught by the crank sh.tft of the engine of the duwn London night mail, and knocked .down. He found the injured nun suffering from a compound comminuted fracture of the thigh bone, and put on splints, ,&c., and took him with assistance to the \\Taiting Room, sent for doctor, who shortly afterwards came, when he had him removed to the Cottage Hospital, Fowey. Other members of the St. Blazey Ambulance Class assisted in carrying him, and went by train :lnd conveyed him on a stretcher from the station to the Hospital.

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lJoluntter ·ambulance ~ot'k. TilE VOU ' NTEER A:-'IBULANCE SCHOOL OF I:-rSTRUCTIO:-l held its officia l inspection of the class of regimental bearers at the Oueen 's Hall, ~Vestminster, on Thursday evening. Surg.-maj. Robbin s,"'A.M .S., the li1specting officer, wa s received by Surg.-maj. Stokes, the sen ior officer of t he school, when after a careful and minute inspection of the ranks, a march past took place, followed by stretcher dri II, the laying and lifting of the wounded, the carrying of injured to the summ it of a hill, and particular attention as to t he elevation of the stretchers. Each mem ber of the class then underwent a strict examination in first aid. The prizes won were then distributed by the inspecting officer, the handsome challeng:e bowl, presented to the sc hool by Col.-surg. J, B. Hamilton, being carned off by the L ondo n Scottish, and will be held by that corps, until the nextcompetition Corpl. Ducat, in the examination, made the highest pOSS Ible points. Before leaving Surg.-maj. R obbins co ngratulated the staff of the school on the excellent work carried out during the session. MEDTCAL ~TAFF COI~PS. There was a parade of t his corps at vVaterioo Station at 4.-1-5 , under th~ command of Surg.-comdt. Norton, assisted by Capt. anci Adjut. Oall.aghan, and subseq ue ntly all ranks entrained for Teddington, marchli1g th ence to Bushey Park for dressing station practice, and other work.

AID.

1Rotes. By "TOURNfQUET." A:-.-IBULA:>ICE Competition s seem to be coming much more fashion able now th:ln they used to be, and create a goo::! deal of excitement and amusement (sometimes) amongst the parties intere5te::!.

There i5

Railway,

big competition going on

now in the Great

Eastern

the final taking place on the 18th inst. at Stratford.

One has just

taken place at Edinburgh, under the auspices of the St. Andrew's A. A. The Massey-.\trainwaring cup (St. John

Ambulance Brigade) will

shortly be contested for, and the holders will have to be very smart in their work to ke~p it.

Comp~titions ' are

also about to take place in

Kent connected with the St. John Ambulance :\ssoc iation. -Jt. -Jt. ,'!-

f HEARD that at one of these competitions a certain team de\·ised a new method of carrying an injured patient.

The subject had a

punctured wound at the right side of the chest, and after it was ba ndaged, the team carefully lifted him up and placed him on the stretcher, and then carefully, most carefully, turned him O\'er on to his-wellfron ~ , with

his back uppermost. .;;. '":' ,,!-

THE team proudly mJ.rcbed round with the stretcher, and proceeded to unlotd.

The e'<lfaortiinary positi on of the p1tient see med to present

some difficulty, which, however, was promptly surmounted by ~o . -1slowly tilting the stretcher at one side, and rolling him on to the o.ltstretched hand s of the other bearers. .;;. .;;. 'if

1 SHO l LD think that team would get someth ing speci.11 in th e way of buns. O\'ERH EA RIl at an examination rt nose.bleeding.

Examiner: \\"ell,

if you had a p.tlient on his back the blood would go down his thro.H, wouldn't it? go?

Candidate:

Xo, Sir!

Candidate: Back into the \'e ins!

Examiner:

Where

wou ld it

The band played!

-Jt. :¥- .

I SEE my friend, Mr. Painter of the G.X. Railway, has been somewhat

I am glad that his Division is at last getting the long promised boxes. If I remember right, theG.X.R. Division nearly won the ;\lassey-:\fainheckled in the Railwa)· Herald, but he has come ou[ all right.

waring Cup at the last competition.

Better luck 10 them next time.

-1;.. -;;.;..

'if

1 A:\l glad [0 "ee that m)' friend Quartermaster Morgan has accepted the position of" Deputy" to the" Chief," in the St. John Ambulanc.:: Brigade, and the " Chief" r understand is now, in addition to his other duties, appointed a Travelling Ofncer, to

help

on the work of the

Associa tion. -Jt. -Jt. 'if

r l':-lDERSTAND that a division of the ~[etropolitan Corps is g oi ng to assist at the Hospital S at urday Cycling Sports at Herne Hill, on Lhe 25th insl.

I often wonder why a detachment is not always present at

sports, wh ere cycle racing is indulged in ; there is generally something for first-aiders to do, and it is good practice.

Gravel rash wants careful

attention, if you get nothing more. -Jt. -;"

,y.

0:-< Thursday evening the members of the Rochdale Ambulance Corps made a collection amongst themselves in aid of the outworkers in the district.

A fair amount was collected, which was gi\'en to ;\1r. Stott to

hand over to the relief committee.

..;:.

..;.~

\ VE hear that the manner in which the members went through their \·arious .exercises reflected on them great credit. loudly applauded by the :lLIdience.

They were at times

FIRST

Volunteer ~mflulanct $cfiooI of Ifn~truttton.

RESULT OF COMPETITION FOR ADVANCED CLASS HELD APRIL 18TH, '1895. Subjects. - First Aid, Application of R oller Bandage, Stretcher Drill. :\Iaximum marks for each man 60; maximum marks for each squad of four men 2+0. Best Team: TO. I of the London Rifle BriO'ade.Private R. F. Curtis, +8 marks j Private D. Clark, 5+ marks; Pri,'ate C. W . Potter, '1-3 marks; Private S. G. Nash, ~9 marks.-Total 194. Best men.-Pnvate D. Clark, L.R.B ., 5+ marks; Private J. F. ~l unday, H.A.C., 52 .marks .. (By order). H. F . STOKES, Surgeon IIlaj or, A.. M. R., Semor Medica l Officer In structor.

------- :0: - ------

llBrill ®rlY e r~. \ 'O LU:\fTEER A\1BUL.J\:--.rCE SCHOOL OF lNSTRU CT IOX Pnsidenl---::"lajor Andrew Ma clure, \'.D. The next class for the training of regimental stretcher bearers II ill be held at the head-quarters of the London Rifle Brigade, [30, 13unhill Row, E.C., by permission of Colonel II. C. Cholmondele)7 co mmandin O' "" an d. WI'11 commence at 7.~0 pm., on :\londay, September 30th. Applicalion forms can be obtallled at 7, St. Benet Place Gracechurch Street E.C., or of Colour-Sergt. C. J. Downer, L.S.R .V.,'Fairfield, Willesden: ~.W. (By order). H. F. STOKES, Surgeon-Y[ajor, A.M.R. :-eni or ~Iedi cal Officer Instructor. '

--------- :0: --------

Im e~~r~ . Qrrt~p & QrO., jJltlr~ing @utfitt£r~ .

HIS establishment is well known to first-aiders in London ' to our . re~ders, howel'er, in the Provinces, who are not so well acquainted With thi S firm, we would say when next in London take a pilgrimaO'e to Seven Sisters R oad, Holloway, and inspect the ~'aried stock of tl~s firm. \Ve would especially call the attention of members of our nursing corps to the fact that :\1essrs. Crisp and Co. are the contractors to the ~rigade ~o: nursing o~tfit . Fr.om a visit paid to the premises we are 111 a pOSitIOn to speak 111 the highest possible terms of praise as LO lhe counesy and urbanity of the \'arious managers and assistants engaged in the conduct of lhis large busin ess, and to one and all we wou ld say, when next i~l .London don't forget the address, you may not ,~'a nt to purchase, but c;nsp & Co. are always pleased to show prospective customers over their large show rooms, and a time may come when whether am~ula~lce man or nursing sister, you may be enabled te send them on a I1lce httle cheque for household requi sites. But, ladies, don't forget they are the rontr3ctors for the nursing uniform. LEICESTER CORps.-Preparations are already in hand for the Annual O~t~door Ambulance Display, and considerable vitality seems lO. be exhl blted among th~ twelve Di visions forming lhis Corps. 25 0 pnnted cards have been Issued and Circulated amonO' the medical men! police d.epots, chief mills, &c., giving in structions 'where to obta m th~ van.ous am?ulanc~ a ppliances for transporting injured persons and mvahd s. Lei cester IS well provided, having eight hand amb ulance wagon s, one horse am bulance carrying cha irs &c.· each in its , own district, and they can be procu~ed day or night.' ST. JOHN AMBI 'L.A TCE BRICADE.--A t the monthl y meeting of the comm ittee of the Blrmmgham Corps of the Sl. J oh n Ambulance Brigade held at the c.h:ef Fire ~lation, on .\10nda)" '\1r. Tozer presiding, !08 case~ of first-aid for the past month were reported from live divisions. [he Chairman sk'lted that one of the Brigade Ambulances had been :tati.on~d at the Queen's Hospital , and that the authorities of that I nSlitutlOn had provided a shelter for the same. rtwas resol ved that a sign-board be fixed over the shelter denoting a n " Ambulance Station" the same being for public use. ' , GRIMSBY.--In connection with the Mancheste r Sheffield and Linco~n shire Railway Men 's Ambulance Corps fO I~ First Aid to the rnJ ured, an ambulance wagon has been placed near the pontoon . It ~as been felt t~"t ad?itional appliances were nece ssary, and accordmglya deputatIOn waited upon Mr. 'W illiams the portJmaster for the purpose. Mr. "'illiam s wrOle to the headq ua;ters of the railw~y company, and twelve ambulance bags have been sent to Grimsby. The bags are mad~ of ~rown canvas, and each conw in three arm splints, three wound pads, SIX tnangular bandages roller bandaO'es cotton wool and . k''mg paster. 1S Thompso n,' of the dock police, ::. , the secretary , to Stlc ergeant the ~orps, has had the goods placed at the ~oll o \\'ing places: Town goods stat~on , ~ast .\larsh; dock passe!lger sta tIOn '; ·Iocomo til·e department; engmeenng departme~t; gasfittlllg department; police office' Roya l Dock offices; west s.lde Royal Dock j east side Royal Dock; East :vrarsh go~d s yard j timber depar.lI!lent, Alexandra Dock; Cleethorpes level crosslllg; and waggon repaIrIng department, East Marsh.

AID.

FIRST AID

[May, 1895. Q!orre~ponl)ence .

We do not 1lecessanly zaentzfy ourselves with the vzews

held by our correspondents. To THE EDITOR OF "FIRST AID," DEAR SIR,-I notice in your issue for the month of April, in an excellent article on" H oliday \York," the following paragraph :-" A certain number of accidents happen, varying in a great measure according to the state of the weather, whi ch makes us ask, , What provision is made for them by the a uthorities? ' and the answer is, , Practically none.' IL has been left hitherto to the enterprise of a private body." No doubt, sir, this is quite correct of most of the authorities in London and the provin ces-they do not make any provision for ambulance assistan<:e at large gatherings and ot her occasion s. Bul as far as the \Vellingborough Centre goes, this is not correct, either of the Urban District Councilor of the Corps. The Corps claims to be and is a part of the public sen'ice of the town and neighbourhood; private so far as this, that lIe are first of all the loya l sen'an ts of the Order of lhe [Josp ital of Sl. John of Jerusalem; and public, because we are recognised by the local authorities, who have built f?r us our headqual ters on Urban Council propel ty, adjoining the fire bngade station, consisting of brigade and lJursing division rooms, cOclch-house for horse-am bu lance, 11 heeled litleI', bath chairs, &r.; the Counci l also keep our waggon in perfect repair, and render us on all occasions el'ery assistance in their power; in fact, we are treated in lhe sa me way as our comrades of a siSler service, viz., the \\'ellingborough Fire Brigade. ' All this being done for the Corps, the Council require the chief officer to carry Out and attend thoroughly to all ambulance work in their district-to have detachments of men on duty at all football matches, sports, and large meetings, and to form an ambu lance station on the ground at all fetes, agricultural shows, &c., also in case of a large fire, to have men and appliances handy for use if re'luired. This, 1 am glad to say, has been a duty which ha s been performed to the satisfaction of all co ncerned. My object in bringing these facts to the notice of your readers is t hi s, that it would doubtless be a good thing for all Corps of the Brigade if they, having first of all prm'ed themselvesa useful body of men knowing their work, and hal'ing done good ambulance work in their 0\\ n neighbourhood, were to approach the loca I authorities and obtain theil aid and official recogllition; for one thing is certain, that without lhe substantial assista nce that bas been gil'en us by the powers that be the \\'ellingboro ug h Corps would never have attained to their present ~tate of efficiency and thorough equipment.-I am, Sir, yours faithfully, T. BE:-\RY WOOLSTON, Chief Superintendent, " "ellingborough Cor ps, St. J ohn l\ mbulan ce Brigade. 26th April, 1895. [\"'e have to thank \'arious correspondents for newsp:tpers and cutlings to hand.]

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDE NTS . Will be paid to the Representatives of t he purchaser of FIRS I' A ID m case of death as provided below, by The Sickness and Acci d e n t Assu ran ce Ass o ciation, Ltd. Dead Office :--2+, YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH. London Office :-64, MOORGATE STREET, LONDO ,E.C. To whom notice of Claims under the foliowinO' conditions must be sent WITHIN THREE DAYS. A pplicable "to °Pas_ s enger T rai ns in G reat B ritain & Ireland. O NE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by the above In surance Company to the Legal representatives of any person killed by an accident to the train in which the deceased was an ordinary passenger, or who shall have been fatally injured thereby, sho uld death result within 2<1 hours after' such accident. P r ovi d e d that at the time of such accident the person so killed or fatally injured was the O\\'1ler of F I R ST AID for the current month, containing this Coupon legibly Si!'11ed with his or her usual signature in ink or pencil, both time and s ign ~t ure being of the essence of the contract.

£1 0D

Signature ................................. .. .. ..................... . Address ............................................... ................................................................................. .. This Insurance is limited to one Coupon to each holder, and is not invalidated by a ny [n surance with thi s or any other Accident Company. It is subject to the ordinary conditions of the Association's Accident Policies, and is in force from midnight, 15th May, 1895, until midnight, 1Sth June, 1895.

Priuted for the Proprietors by W, J. Goon , 88, Cler kenwell &la d, and publahed by M.&.lf PUl4:u [l.Dd RI!Jl!V, iIot 11, Ludl{ate Hill, E.O

JOU R N AL

No. 1 2 .--V OL. 1.

•

D E VO TED TO A M BULANCE 'NORK

[Entered at Statiomrs' Hall. ]

PRICE ONE PENNY.

J UNE, 1895.

B $treet :Bccibent.

:f13re"t ties. WE notice in the Special Supplement of the Lmlcet, in support of the Metropolitan Hospital Sunday Fund, a paragraph on "A Street ~-\ccident,1J which deserves some notice, bearing, as it does l on our articles on an Ambulance Service for London. In the first place it is stated that street accidents form a comparatively insignificant addition to the sum total of injuries inflicted on the mass of workers in the great metropolis, naming dock labourers, ship hands, workmen engaged in breweries, building operations, and in railway sen.-ice. We also note that the num ber of persons taken to hospitals by the police during 1893 suffering from accidents was 5,248, and suffering from other cause 3,057, making a total of 8,305. WE also see it stated in the paragraph in question (which we reproduce on this page) that the Hospitals Association has established stations at suitable points in all the much-frequented quarters of the town, from which the police constable who is quickly on the spot procures a convenient and well-appointed stretcher mounted upon wheels, and thus conveys the patient to the hospital. It also implies, though not absolutely saying so, that the police are trained in first aid work. WE only wish with our whole heart and soul that this picture, so prettily drawn by the writer in the Lancet, were true , We wish the La1tcet would give statistics showing how many of those eight thousand cases were removed on stretchers to the hospital, and would give the number of boxes, or" stations" as we prefer to call them, provided by the Hospitals Association, with the number of times they have been used. We maintain that a few stretchers scattered about the metropolis are not of much good unless they are handled by trained bearers, and we also say-·and with authority-that the police as a body are not trained bearers, and are not qualified to lift and carry injured persons. The facts are as stated in our last issue.

If the Lancet would only take up the great question of ambulance work, with its powerful influence we doubt not that in a short time we should have an ambulance service firmly established. THE paragraph in the Lancet is, in our Opll11On, a most powerful argument in favour of an ambulance service for London. We hope the Editors will shortly view the matter in the same ligb t as ourselves. --------:0:-------THE King of Denmark has a ppointed Mr. John Furley, a Knigh t of the Order of the Danebrog, in recognition of his mili tary ambulance services. POISONOUS FOODS. We are sorry to say that this article is crowded out this month.

From the Lallut.

R patip.nt then is chosen from the ranks of that very numerous and very mixed body who fall victims every day to the street traffic of the city. This is by no means the only considerable source of accident whi ch distinguishes London. On the contrary, as we pointed out in our Hospital Sunday Supplement for r 8g T, the street accident form s a comparatively insignificant adJ ition to the sum total of injuries in fli cted on the m'lSS of workers in this great metropolis--as, for in stance, among the dock labourers and ship hands who fill the East End hospitals or the workmen in large breweries and fa ctories, or those engaged in the of~-times perilous duty of hou se building and repairing, or those who are daily exposed in London's railway termini to risks of injury to life or limb in the operalions of shunting and the like. But the danger of a street accident is ever present to every footpassenger in the London streets, and can therefore be the better appreciated by the ordinary reader of this article. As a matter of statistics let us quote the following

Retul'1l of the Number of PersOlls taken to H ospital by PoNce during the Y ears r881 to r89J. Yea r.

Suffering Suffering from from accidents. other causes.

T otal.

r884 ...... ..... .......... 188 5 . .................... 1886 .................. .. . 1887 ..................... 1888 .................... 1889 ..................... 18 90 ..................... 189 1 ..................... 18 9 2 ........ ........... . 1893 .... ........ ........ .

3,lg2 3,I26 3, 28 9 3,5 r2 4,033 4,09 6 4,3 81 4,735 4,894 5,24 8

1,676 1,6$0 2,018 2,00r 2, 26 7 2, 366 2,24 0 2,3 8 5 2,845 3,057

4,868 4,776 5,3 0 7 S,S I3 6,3 00 6,4 62 6,62I 7,120 7,739 8,3 0 5

Total .. ................

40 ,5 06

22,5 0 5

63,OII

Take, then, the following case, which may be paralleled from almost any morning's daily paper:. "John Smith, age~ fifty, was crossing-----street, when, in attempt1I1g to dodge an omn ibus, he lost his fo otho ld and fell under the vehicle which passed over him, causing a compound fracture of the bones of his left leg. He was removed by the police to the ----- Hospital." , ~he news.paper repo;ter has here in this mea~re story skipped the first 1I1 cld~nt w~lch exe~phfi~s the work ~f t~e hospital. It is not necessary to walt until the patient IS brought wlthm the walls of the inst itution in order to see. the work of .~e? ical charity in progress.. In old days this was otherWise. A reqll1SltlOned shutter or the ubiquitou s cab would have furnished means of transport from the scene of the accident to the hospital. door, with the not infrequent result that the mischief done by the aCCident was aggravated, and, perhaps, rendered incurable in the course of t.he journey to the hospital. But now the Hospitals Association has esta blished ambulance stations at suitable points in all the muchfrequented qua~ters ?f the town, and, unde r the. direction of the policeconstable who IS qUickly on the spot, a convenient and well-appointed stre~cher mou~ted up~n '~heels is promptly brought from the nearest statIOn. The I11structlOn 111 ambulance work and" first aid" now so widely given by means of the St. John Ambulance Association has borne much fruit; for many a fracture which wi th careless handling might ha.ve become" compo und" has been spared this further injury, and many ~ hm? has thus been saved from amputation. The police, trained to realise thiS danger that confronts the victim, know how essential it is that the raising of the patient shou ld be done with the utmost possible care, and that he should be placed in such a position on the ambulance that the injured limb is not subjected to any strai n or concussion. Once securely lodged on the ambulance the victim is conveved throuO' h the crowded streets .wit~ facility, and wi.thout the slightes.t Jolting unt il the door of the hospital IS reached. Arnved at the hospita l the patient is delivered by the police to the hospital porter.

' FIRST

l\ailwllJ1 ~mflulan(e ~ompdtt{on~. GREAT EASTERN RATLWAY. HE third competition for the Challenge Cup, presented to the employes of the Great Eastern Railway, has iust taken place. The preli minary heats held at I orwich, Cambridge, Colchester, and Stratford, were won respectively by Lhe orwich Thorpe, Cambridge, Parkeston, Stratford, and Fenchurch Street teams. The judges were Chief Supe rintendent 'V. J. Church Brasier, and H on. Surgeon Heaton C. Howard, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Lond., of the Metropolitan Corps of the St. John Am bulance Brigade. There was a considerable variety of treatment and stretcher drill shown in these heats, and the j udges had no easy task in allottin'g the marks. It was noticed that the Liverpool Street team, which won the cup at the last competition, was not competing this time, and considerabl~ regret was expressed that the fine exhibition they gave last time was not repeated. The drill now used wa.s that given in " Shepherd's First Aid." The final heat of these five divisional contests took place at the Town Hall, Stratford, on Saturday, June 18th, in the presence of a large number of members of the Ambulance Corps and their friend s. Lord Claud Hamilton (chairman of the Directors) presided; and was supported on the platform by Admiral Sir J. Commerell, G.C.B., V.C., L ord Knutsford, K.C.M.G., Brigadier-Surgeon Lieut-Col. Williams, Ca pt. Sir A. J ephson, R. ., Mr. John Furley, Mr. William Birt (General Manager, G.E.R.), Mr. Holden, Engineer, and Mr. A. J. Hill (Hon. Secretary, G.E.R. Ambulance Corps). The competition began about I o'clock, and was completed at 5-3 0 . It was composed of an individual competition in first aid treatment and bandaging, a one man carrying competition, and a stretcher drill competition The result was as follows : 1st, Challenge Cup, given by the Directors of the Great Eastern Railway Company, and five electro-plated 4-bottle cruet frames.Norwich Thorpe, 307 marks. 2nd, five electro-plated hot-water jugs-Stratford, 29+ 3rd, five electro-plated breakfast cruets-Fen church Street, 259· 4th, five electro-plated butter dishes and knives-Parkeston, 25 2. 5th, five carved wood bread trenchers and knives-Cambridge, 238. A special prize for best individual work, an electro-plated tankard was gained by ~lr. H. Lack, of the Norwich Division, who received 52 marks out of a possible 60. The competitors names are as follows :- Cambridge : Messrs. J. Tyler, W. Mansfield, J. Hills, W. Westley, and E. G. W ire. Norwich Thorpe: Messrs. J. Green, J. Wolveridge, W. Moore, H. Lack, and J. L. Tadman . Fenchurch Street: Messrs. E. W. Abbot, J. Garrett, F. Hall, C. Newman, and G. E. Stuart. Parkeston ~ Messrs. W. H. Barber, W. B. Knappatt, A. Cook, W. J . Greenfield, and E. Sandy. Stratford: Messrs. W. Fox, H. Freeland, W. Raney, G. T. Atkins, and S. Bates. With regard to the work done, though there was doubtless a considerable margin between the different teams, the Torwich Thorpe team 'was the best all round. Stratford did very well, and, considering that it was the first time they took part in the competition, they deserve great praise for the position they got. The Parkeston team would, we believe, have been much nearer the top if they had not wasted so much time on the stretcher drill-it was really wearisome watching them spend 30 minutes over putting the bandages on the patients and placing them on the stretcher. Mr. H. Lack deserves much commendation for winning the special prize competition - he may be proud of it, considering t'he number of men who were engaged in the contest. Lord Claud J. Hamilton said he was extremely glad in presiding for the third time over the annual competitions of the G.E.R. Ambulance ~orps. H~ was pleased to congratulate the members upon the contll1ued effiCiency, and the great progress the movement was making on the G.E.R. He was also pleased to congratulate Norwich Thorpe upon its success-(cheers)-and Stratford for the very good second it had made. (Loud cheers) They were honoured by the presence of two very distinguished men, one Admiral of the Fleet, Sir J. Commerell, and the other, Lord Knutsford. (Applause.) Of these two men, both distinguished in their individual spheres, one was a man of war and the other a man of peace. The duty of the one was to fight the enemies of the Queen and country in every part of the globe, while the duty of the other was to administrate the civil affairs of the country and end:avour to prevent wars, but in spite of this rivalry they were excellent fnends. (Laughter) He then called upon Admiral Sir J. Commerell to address the meeting and to distribute the prizes. Admiral of the Fleet Sir J . Commerell, G.C.B., V.C., after referring to the honoured position he had been asked to fulfil that afternoon said that the formation of ambulance corps was one of the great advances made by civilisation. He remembered when a youn a man seeing .the way ~he wounded in action were handled, which although done With all kindness was unfortunately done without proper knowledge. He had been wounded himself and therefore knew what a terrible t.hing it was, especially the first pangs on being moved, and thought If he could have received the careful hand lin a of men brouaht up to that kind of service what an inestimable blessing it would h~ve been. He might say that there were two things which marked the

[June, . 18 95.

AID.

a dvances of civilisation, one was the i·,troducLion of ambulance corps and the other the treatment received bl the patient following the work of the ambulance men-he referreu to the hospitals. At one time the hospital attendants were compose<.l of old marines :l.nu old sailors, generally good fellows in their way, but at tne same Lime they were not always the steadiest characters, sometimes, indeed, when the patient required the mo.st careful attention these estimable men would be taking 40 winks, and perhaps Lhe food intended for the patient did not always go where it was intended . (Laughter.) Now they had willing nurses, women who soothed the fevered brow in the case of sickness or of mortal inj ury, where perhaps nothing was so needed as a kind word, a basket of flowers, a picture, or a gentle hand to calm the aching head. (Loud applause.) lIe concluded by congrat.ulating Lord Claud Hamilton and the members upon the excellent progress which had been made in the G.E.R. Corps. Admiral Sir]. Commerell then distributed the prizes. At the conclusion of the distribution Mr. W. Birt. (General Manager, G.E.R.), proposed a vote of thanks to the judges, and to the officers of the corps, which was secondell by the Ven. Archueacon Stevens. Chief Sup!.. W. J. Church Brasier replied on behalf of the judges, and Mr. A. J. IIill on behalf of the officers. Sir A. Jephson next proposed thanks to the directors of the G.E . R., and to Lord Cbud Hamilton for presiding. I Lord Claud IIamilton, in reply, said the support hitherto extended to the ambulance corps would be given in the future, and he was particularly anxious that any sugge~Lions rega.rding the welfare of that associat.ion might be sent to the directors. (Applause.) This fini shp.d a most successful meeting. ~ORTH

LONDON RAILWAY. Although not yet reckoned among the larger milway companies, the North London railway employes at Bow on Saturday, 19th [\.[ay, demonstmted their efficiency in the work of first aid by means of ::t friendly competition held in the carriage shed at Bow, where a goodly number of friends assembled to witness the display. The judges were Dr. Tunstall, honorary divisional surgeon (of Victoria Park), and 1st Of-ficer Liddell, of the St. John' s Gate First Division. Previous to the commencement of the competition, Hon. Secretary W. J. Hyrons briefly sta.ted that the Committee felt it would be a good thing if they could organise a competition amongst their members; but the one thing wanteu to carry it out was the sinews of war, for there were prizes to provide and expenses to meet that would necessarily be incurred. They prepared a petition to the General Manager and Secretary, and Mr. Weir, the 'Vorks Superintendent, presente<.l it to the proper quarters, and in turn it was forwarded on till finally Mr. Newton laid it before the Board of DirectO"rs. The next thing he heard was by a letter from Mr. Newton, stating that the Board had granted a sum of £[0 annually to the Prize Fund, and a second letter intimating that Mrs. Newton was desirous of contribuLing £2 2S. annually to the Fund also. The ambulance men were all <.lee ply appreciative of this kindness, and were proud to acknowledge the practical sympathy thus shown in their efforts. The contests were as follows: I. For best all round ambulance man. General examination by the judges, not including stretcher drill. Injuries: Scalp wound, wounded palm, fracture of tibia, hocmorrhage of the femoral artery. Competitors: Messrs. T. Milburn, A. Langston, R. Gibson, D. Murray, 'V. Hyrons. Result: \V. Hyrons, 1st; Milburn, 2nd; Gibson, 3rd. 2. Stretcher drill. Four bearers, and instructor in brigade uniform. I nj uries : fracLured kn ee. Competitors : T. Milburn, W. Sharp, C. Bennett, Baker, D. Murray. W. Hyrons, L. Toller, R. Gibson, Montague, J. West. Result: Milburn's team, 1st; Byron's team, 2nd. 3. Stretcher exercise (3 bearers). Competitors: A. Langston H. Jones, C. Hoare; G. Hough, C. Brett, J. Rogers. Result : Hough' team, 1st. 4. Two men. I nj uries: fmcture right forearm, bleeding of the Brachial artery. Competitors: L. Toller, W. Sharp; D. BretL, W. Vincent; R. Gibson, C. Bennett; T. Milburn, D. Murray. Result: Brett and Vincent, 1st; Gibson and Bennett, 2nd. 5. One man . Injuries: wound of Radi al and Ulnar arteries, simple wound of shoulder. Competitors: J. Harris, J. Smith, 'V. Ling, W. Vincent, A. Newby, E. Anderson . R esult: Smith, 1st; Vincent, 2nd. 6. Two men . rnj uries: wound femoral artery, fracture of clavicle, Competitors: A. Langston, H. Jones; D. Brett, W . Vincent; R. Gibson. W. Hyrons Result : Langston and Jones, 1st; Gibson and Hyrons, 2nd. 7. One man. Method of lifting, carrying, lowering, and resuscitating the apparently drowned. Competitors: W. Sharp, ]. Rogers, C. Bennett. Result: Bennett, 1st ; Sharp, 2nd; R ogers, 3rd. 8. Smartest turn out. (Instructor and bearers at rest at end of shed undressed: on the call, to dress, close stretcher, and race up to the scene of the accident). Competitors : T. Milburn, W. Sharp, C. Bennett, Baker, D. Murray; W. Hyrons, L. Toller, R. Gibson, Mon tague, J . West; G . IIough, D Brett, F. Line, J. Rogers, Dilley. Result: Milburn's team, Ist; Hough's team, 2nd. Cheers, a nd thanks to the judges closed the proceedings.

FIRST EDTNBURGH. The Edinburgh (Prince's Street) Ambulance Corps held their fourth annual competition amongst the members on Sunday, 12th May, when six squads of five men each entered the competition. Dr. P. A. Young, Chairman O'f Edinburgh Centre to St. Andrew's Ambulance Association, judaed the practical part, and Dr. M. Dewar, Examiner to St. Andrew's Ambulance Association, judged the oral part. Amongst those present were Mr. Kinghorn, traffic superintendent; Mr. Harvey, goods superintendent; Mr. Farquharson, passenger superintendent; Mr. Alderson, carting superintendent; Mr. McMillan, traffic inspector; Dr. Proudfoot, lecturer to the Corps; Mr. Hay, Mr. 'N. P. Hunter, etc., etc. At the close Dr. Young com plimented the men on the excellent work that had been done, and stated that it was of an exceptionally high character. He then declared the results, and :vIr. Kinghorn presented the prizes. In doing so he said he wa.s glad to see the men keeping up their training, and mentioned that he liked to come and see them at practice occasionally, and intended to be pr~s.ent still mor~ frequently in the future. Another part of the competItion was a wntten answer to two questions set by Dr. Young. Captain Telfer presented Dr. Proudfoot with a tangible token of the respect of the mem bers of the class for their teacher. Mr. IIarvey moved a vote of thanks to the Doctors' in his usual hearty style; and Mr. Farquharson moved a vote of thanks to M r. Kinghorn for presiding, and the most successfu I competition yet held by this enthusiastic Corps was brought to a close.

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1Rotes. By "TOURNIQUET." TliE Editor wishes me to mention rarticularly that in future this Journal will be published on the 1st or the month, commencing next month. Next month and after, all communications should be received at the office by the 2'lnJ at the latesL. 'Vill all my readers kindly note and act accorJingly. ~<

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WITH reference to competitions, I went to Stratford and saw the G.E.R. Exhibition. There was some very good work put in, and no doubt Lhe best team won . I think the time Parkeston took over their stretcher drill worried the judges a bit. How would Parkeston get on without that slim piece of wood they used to push the bandage under the injured limb? Surely an injured limb can be lifted.

*,'f.* I WO ULD not like to be a judge at one of these competitions-it must be most trying-always on the watch, looking out for faults. It is to be hoped that the losing teams do not grumble. [f I were a judge I think (to save bother and t.rouble) I should give them all lirst prize. Perhaps you may smile at this, but I heard that at one competition the doctor gave all an equal number of points. How it was settled I don't know -perhaps tossed.

**'*

THE competition for the Volunteer Ambulance Challenge Shield comes off on the 15th inst., too late for this number. There ought to be some good . .vork there. Those who like to see some pretty stretcher drill ought to be present.

* .; . *'

THE St. John Ambulance Brigade have had plenty Lo do this last month. I hear that there werea lal'ge number of cases on 'Vhit-Mondaythe heat, I suppose. I noticed that on the occasion of the ShahzaJa's visit to the City, the corps only placed detachments in the City-why not outside the City? Can the Metropolitan Police do without their help? Perhaps there will be an eAplanation. 7(.

THE Annual Camp of the Brigade is to be held at Westgate again, I believe. The Conference does not seem to have altered the place of fixture. I shall be able to give more information in the next issue.

*" ,yo-;"

ROCHDALE Corps is still going ahead. The ,Committee has dming the past month decided to erect nine other wall boxes containing all necessary appliances for rendering first aid. This makes fifteen in all. If ,y.

SUPERINTENDENT INGHAM isworking hard to forma central division of the local ambulance corps surrounding Rochdale, and two meetings have been held for that object in the Town Hall, Rochdale. 0;.'

I UNDERSTAND that Superintendent Oldham of the newly established Crewe corps is somewhat juvenile for thc post-23 years old. Does anyone know a younger one? I wish him every success in the management of the corps, and may he keep it efficient.

·x·,y. *"

CHIEF SUPERINTENJJENT T. II. WOOLSTO::-r, of Wellingboro', and his Corps had a yerynice timeat Lilford. It W;lS;\ pity they could not make a week or it. 1 want very much t.o see that stretcher on bicycles, if it is workable I must congratulate our fricnd most heartily.

AID.

FOUR o'clock is pretty early to turn out and pack up the tents. Was there any dew about? I don't mean mountain dew, of course.

*" *. *"

I AM alad to bear that (( the Chief" is getting about a bit; he has been dOW~1 amona "his ain" in his own particular county of Kent, and he has been <:> amongst the "Taffies" in \Vales, in connection "ith Ambulance Competitions.

* #-

HE has been accompanied through Kent by IIon. Surgeon Milnes IIey, of the Head Quarters Corps, who, jointly with" the Chief," is responsible for the judging. This is how it should be. They have made a study of competition work at Head Quarters, and, as in th~ case of Provincial Fire Brigades, these latter prefer to be judged by olficers from the ;,letropolitan Fire Brigade , so it is better for our provincial first-aiuers to be j udgeJ by ~1etropolitan officers.

0j(-

I I,'lTERVIEWED" the Chief" on*'his return from Ruabon, N. Wales. lIe was a bit disappointed at being done out of the Whit-:'.fonday work on the Heath, more especially as it was a record day, but he had been instrumental in assisting in a case at Ruabon, and this, I think, somewhat assua.ged the disappointment.

*""if-*

THIS case, which was a bad one, was the result of a pony-trap accident. The owner of the vehicle was badly inj ured, and first aid was promptly rendered by some local ambulance men, assisted by It the Chief," who afterwards suggested conveying the patient to the local Cottage Hospital. By this time a local medical man had arrived on the scene, and after a very cursory examination promptly forbid the proposal, insisting that the poor fellow shou ld be conveyed to Wrexham Infirmary, a distance of at least seven miles.

*' • *

IT appears that there is a Bye-Law which forbids t:1e advantages of the Hospital to any but residents. Is this Ruabon's idea of humanity? The sooner that this Pharisaical Bye-Law is repealed the better for the fair fame of the principality, I should say.

*" "if*'

MR. ROBERT MITCHELL of the Polytechnic, Regent Street, has made a new departure by running ambulance classes on board their Norway boat for the passengers. I understand an official examination will be held during the voyage. Bravo, Poly!

'*' *

* *" '"'

I AM pleased to see FIRST AID on sale aL the Polytechnic. "if¥-

AN Edinburgh subscriber tells me shewas in terested in travelling North lately to observe a lady opposite her studying our last issue.

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iBrtU @ri)£r~, VOLUI TEER AMBULA CE SCHOOL OF INSTRUCTION. President-Major Andrew Maclure, V.D. The next class for the training of regimental stretcher bearers will be held at the head-quarters of the London Rifle Brigade, 130, Bunhill Row, E.C., by permission of Colonel H. C. Cholmondeley commanding, and will commence at 7.30 p.m., on Monday, September 30th. Application forms can be obtained at 7, St. Benet Place, Gracechurch Street, E.C., or of Colour-Sergt. C. J . Downer, L.S.R.V., Fairfield, Willesden, N.W. (By order) . H . F. STOKES, Surgeon-Major, A.M.R., ~enior Medical Officer Instructor.

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mer ~amariter. Dr. H ans K ohler, a physician of Munich, has presented us with copies of his paper, the Samantan, and expressed the wish to have FIRST AID sent him in exchange, to which we ha\'e responded with pleasure. It is the first intimation we have had of this publication, andare pleasc::J to find it highly useful and instructive, an<.l its subjects ably trealed j it is devoted to ambulance work and to the spread of First Aid knowledge in Germany. \Ve heartily welcome the appearance of Dcr Samanter, and desire for it t.he success it deserves. - - - - - ~: 0 : - - - - - -

VIE are pleased to notice the merits of Whalley's Disinfectants, which we understand are now used in Her Majesty's Households at Buckingham and Kensington Palaces, also by the Corporation of the City of London for Billingsgate, Deptford, Smithfield, and other large markets, and the Zoological Gardens. W . Lascelles-~cott, Esq., in reporting on same, says, "For example, air taken from a crowded theatre which contained from 500 to 3,000 organisms per cubic foot, was found to be sterilized by a 3 per cent strength of Whalley's Fluid. I n other words, the whole of the bacteria were killed, or rendered incapable of development thereby." Our readers will see at once what a useful aaency vVhalley's Disinfectants are for the preservation of good health and for providing perfect sanitation.

FiRST At D.

AID.

IMPORTANT NOTICE. We beg to give notice that this Journal will in fut~re be published on the 1st of the month (comm.encmg next month, July). In order to meet .the requirements of the trade, it mu!';t be actually publlshed by the 25th or 26th, so we must ask all our correspondents to send in their contributions by the 22nd at the latest. TO ADVERTISERS. As no paper at the present day can exist without Advertisements, we beg to draw the attention of Advertisers to this Journal. It has been in existence for 12 months, has a steadily increasing circulation, and is the only Journal ef its kind circulating amongst firstaiders in all parts of the world, and is read by 1housands every month. These are facts worth knowing and digesting SUESCRIfTIONS. As this number completes the :Qrst year, and July commences our second year of birth, it is our duty to remind our subscribers that their subscriptions are again due. We sincerely hope that each subscriber WIll do his be s t to get other subscribers.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR 12 months, IS. 6d, post free, to be sent to the Pu blishers, Alan Palmer & Reed, IT, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-' ARTERY, LONDON. "

.FIRST AID :JUNE IS, 1895.

AMBULAl\CE In continuation of the remarks in our SERVICE FOR last issue on this subject, we now propose LONDON to deal with another aspect of the quesNO. II. tion, viz., What are the benefits to be derived from an Ambulance Service, that will justify the expenditure involved? With regard to accidents in the streets, of which the present mode of treatment has been mentioned, provision ought to be made by which these cases should haye first aid treatment rendered in a more scientific, speedy and efficient manner. When an accident happens in the street the policeman ought to be able, by means of the telephone service, to obtain the assistance of an ambulance wagon or litter, with one or two assistants, in a space of a few minutes, say five or ten. This should be by no means a difficult matter, because am bulance ~ tations would be placed at various selected spots, and the wagon would be horsed ready to start out on the call being given. fhe want of an arrangement of this kind has been very much felt in cases where buildings and scaffoldings have collapsed, causing injuries to many persons j for instance, the accident in Regent Street one afternoon, some eighteen months ago, when some scaffolding fell, injuring a good many people, who were carried off in cabs, &c., on account of there being no proper organised plan for their removal. At present a considerable amount of time elapses, in cases where a stretcher is required, before the wheeled litter can be obtain ed from the nearest police station, gen erally about half-an-hour; and we say emphatically that such a state of affairs is a disgrace to the city, and ought to be remedied as soon as possible. in cases of fire, especially where priyate houses are involved, arrangements ought to be made by which the aLtendance of an ambulance wagon and assistants could be secured at the same time as the fire brigade is called , in order to ::lLtend to those who are burned, and also to apply artificial respiration to those who are suffering froll) suffoc::ltion. We mu st express ollr surprise th::lt SOllle such similar means has not been hitherto adopted,

for it must be admitted that the presence of a band of trained first aiders at a fire would be of great assistance in helping to save the lives of those brought out apparently dead from suffocation who at present have to take theIr chance without any first aid treatment being :endered. What a noble work this would be, compensatmg alone for the whole cost of the ambulance service. On the occasion of public processions, demonstrations, and other gatherings of a like character, the ambulance service could be supplemented by that voluntary body, the St. John Ambulance Brigade, whiGh at present undertakes the ambulance work at these times. This, however , would form a distinct branch and would not . interfere with the real work of the ambulance serVlce. AlthoU<rh more could be said, we think sufficient reasons have b~en <riven to show that an ambulance service is necessary fo~ this vast metropolis, and that the requisi t.e expenditure is justifiable. vVe would urge on the authonties who would be answerable for such a scheme that the proposed service ought to be thoroughly efficient both in men and material, and that it ought to be governed and controlled by men who have had experience at the work, and who are most likely to know its requirements. Although there are excellent ambulan ce services in other countries, still we think that this city oU<rht to have the best service that can be made-one I:J that we can be proud of, and one that we can show as a sample of what can be done by Englishmen when they put their shoulder to the wheel.

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ILecfjmere jJi1l tmorial.

ORD Egerton of Tatton w:ites expressing an opinion that there are many friends of the late SIr Edmund Lechmere, M.P., who are awa~e how much he interested himself in the establishment of an OphthalmIC Hospital at Jerusalem under the management of the Order of the Hospital.of St. John of' J er.usalem in En~land, and who would ?e glad to subSCribe to a fund plaCing that hospIta l on a permanent baSIS as a memorial of the services rendered by him in that and other philanthropic work. His lordship, continui.ng, says :-" This propo~al has the entire concurrence of the Grand Pnor of the Order, the Prin ce of Wales and as the chairman of the committee appointed by His Royal Highdess, should be glad, through y?ur col ul?ns, to invite s ~pport to the scheme. The British Ophthalm IC HospItal was established at Jerusalem in 188 r, and the mag~itude of the wo:k ~ay be e~timated.by the simple statement that there IS no other hosp lta ll~ Palestm~ dealmg with the numerous diseases of the eye so prevalent m that chmate, so that people come from a ll parts of the H oly Land to seek th.e restorati on of sight, or to obtain relief from ~uffering. The report !url11shed by the medical officer in charge for the last three years, IS as foll ows : Applicants for admission, 6,068 ; in-patients, 2,379; o~t-patients, new 2< 616·, out-patIents, total cases, 69,379 ; operatIOns, 4,823. It cases ,~, I' d is sad to record that during the last year 905 app Icants were turne away because they could n?t be treat~d wit.h any hop~ of success as inpatients, and there were neIther beds 111 whIch to receIve the~ ~or fun ds to pay for their support. The presen~ annu.al subsc:lptlOns are inadequate for the maintenance of the ~osplta l, whIch, even 111 Its prese~ t state of efficiency, requires an annual Il1come of at least. £900. ThIS appeal is to raise an amount necessary to endow the ~ospltal, and thus, not only to maintain, but to widen the sphere ~nd to II1crease the scope and usefulness of a charity which has won for Itself a first place among the institutions of the Holy Land. I am authorised to add that Katherine, Lady Lechmere, will contr.ibute. £r,ooo as a donation to t~e fund . Donations will, unless otherWIse directed, be acknowledged In your columns and should be sent to the honorary secretary, Mr. R. GoftonSalmond 1 73 , Cheapside, E.C., orn to the account of the hospital at the London and Westminster Bank.

--------:0:-------ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. MR. CURRY.-Yes, our "Chef Royal" is Editor of "Chef, " and thinks a lot of Bovril. F. H.O .-Much obliged, will note. M. -We are afraid your letter is somewhat libellous, and, moreover, as you have omitted your name and address, we cannot notice it. [ Our correspondents are thanked for reports and cuttings.l

@ur IDol'tratt <BalIer\2. ED WI " FRESHFIELD, ESQ, LL.D. (RECEIVER-GENERAL, THE ORDER OF THE HOSPITAL OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM L ENGLAND. HE majority of .our Metr~p'olitan read~rs will ha:-e no difficulty 111 recognlsll1g the klJ1dly gcmal features of Dr. Freshfield in our ga llery this month; to those of our readers h olVeyer, who ha ye not had the pleasure of making Dr . Freshfield's acquain tance we need only say by way of introduction that no one has the interest of our work more athea rt tban the su bject of our sketch . Born in Koyember, 18~2, at 5, Bank BuilcllllgS, Lothbury, in the City of London, he has resided there since that date. He was educated at Winch ester School, and subsequenLly at Trinity College, Cambridge. During his resid ence at the UniYersity, he had the h onour of steering the First Trinity Boat which was at the head of th e riYer during the years 1851, '52, and' 53, and steered th e Cambridge Uni\'er ity boat in the latter year in the weP-known race between the two Universities at H en ley, when Oxford won by a few inches. During the earlier part of th e Crim ean war he was on board the steam frigate j<"'t"7'ebrmzd, and was a witness of the battles of the Alma, and of Inkerman j at about the same period he visited Jerusal em, including the si te of the old Hospital of the Knights, situate in the vicinity of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and which was at that time difficu It of access. In the year] 86 I Dr. Freshfield married the daughter of Mr. James Hanson, a member of the Lavant Company, residing in Smyrna, and during the same year he was appointed one of the Solicitors to the Bank of England, a position which he still holds. He is a Doctor of Laws of the University of Cambridge, Treasurer of the Society of Antiquaries, President of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, and a Fellow of Winchester College. Dr. Freshfield joined the Order of St. John in 18 77, was appointed Librarian in the year 1878, and ReceiverGtl1eral in the year 1884. He is a Citizen 'Jf London, and a member of the Clothworkers' Company. For many years the Doctor has held the post o[Churchwarden of St. Margaret, Lothbury, in which parisb, it may be noted, he was born, and he has published its parochial'records, as!well as those of lhL! adjoining parishes

united with it, viz., St. Christopher-Ie-Stocks and St. Bartholomew by the Exchange. . Dr. Freshfield is also an honorary ASSOCIate of the Institute of British Architects, and has a large and unique collection of photographs relating to Byzar:tine bui.ldings in Constantinople and the adjacent countnes j he IS also an honorary member of Lloyds . Did space but permit, much more could be written anent the career of Dr Freshfield which would be of interest Lo our readers, but it is as an Ambulance worker that the Docto r appeals more directly to First-aiders, and it is in this capacity that he has ~von the hearts of all of those with whom he has come 111 contact. Proud of our work and anxious fo r its furtherance, he never loses an opportunity of advancing its claim to public recognition, and while he lives we are sure that the Ambulance work of the Order will n ever lack an earnest and enthusiastic advocate. In conclusion we can only regret that the pen that writes this article is all too weak to do thorough justice to the m erits of as kindly and generous an English <rentleman as ever wore the cross of St. J ohn. I:J ------- :0: -

$t. 30bn tllnbulance :fl3rigabe. ~I ETROPOLlTA. CORPS. THE Metropolitan Corps had a busy lime during the last month. On \Vhit ~londay the members undertook the usual duty on the open spaces around London, the following bei.ng the record of the ~ses treate? .:Hampstead H eath, 37 cases; ChlI1gford, 32 c<'l.ses; ChlI1gford (RISIng Sun), 26 cases; Blackheath, 2:1 cases; Wormwood Scrubs, 9 cases; Ilackney Marshes, 7 cases. 1\1any of the cases treated wen~ of a most serious nature and there is no doubt that the prompt first a Id treatment rendEre::l. by ~hose on duty greatly minimised the after effects .of t~e inj uries It is to be hoped that the London. County Councd \\:dl eventually recognise this splendid voluntary serVIce, as do the ~rovlI1cial Councils in the case of their local Corps, and render some assIstance either by providing small marquees or wooden huts as stations. The present ones, the prope.rty of the Corps, have really been worn out in the service of the CounCIl, and It would be a graceful act on the part of that body if they were to replace them, and we do not suppose the ratepayers would grumble. On ~~ursday, Jun e 6th, the Corps ~araded for duty on the occas ion of the ~JSlt of the Shahzada to the City. On Iy nine c..'lses were attended dunng the day, but the arrangements made, as usual received the commendations of the Civic authorities . On Saturday: June 8th, the Corps paraded at H ead Quarters for Inspection by the Cornmiss!oner. f:I eaded by the Brigade: Band, ~nd under the command of Chief Supenntendent Church BraSIer, the Corps marched to the Gray's Inn Gardens, where, after the J?arch past, the membe.rs went through a variety of exercIses emblematlc..'ll of ambulance duty 111 the streets. The supposed patients were afterwards conveyed to the hospital where their injuries were further dealt with by the Nursing Sisters 'on duty. At the conclu3ion of the drill, the Commissioner addressed a few words to the Corps, expressing his satisfaction at the way in which the various movements had been executed. The Corps afterwards marched back to Head Quarters, where, after a few remarks from the Chief Superintendent, the members were dismissed. HOSPITAL SATURDAY SPORTS, HERNE HILL TRACK.-The cyclists of the Metropolitan Corps did duty on the occasion of these sports. Supt. Alan Palmer was in command, an.d H~n. Surgeon He,,:ton C. Howard in medical charge. Two nursll1g sIsters accompamed the cyclists, and a horse ambulance w::gon. A bell tent was pitched near the pavilion. Only two cases reqUired treatment. PROVINCIAL CORPS. BURNLEY CORPS, PADIHAM ROAD D1VISION.-On Saturday, May 25 th, the members of the Ladies Ambulance Class, recently. conducted at Mitre Street School, met together for the purpose of makll1g a presentation to i'.Irs. Jean Stephenson and to Dr. Proud love, who have given much time and attention in instructing the.class .in first aid. The presentation to. Mrs .. Stephenson was made by MISS RIce, and took the form of a beautIful SIlver butter-cooler, and that to Dr. Proudlove a set of aold links and studs. Both the recipients were highly pleased with the'" gifts and suitably acknowledged their thanks for their unexpected presents. A route m:1.rch of this detach~len~ took place on Saturday, Jun e I st, and, headed by the Burn ley U nltanan Band, marched through some of the principal thoroughfares of the town, some members of the detachmen t carrying collecting boxes. CREWE CORPS.-On April 22nd, a meeting of first-aitlers was called for the purpose of forming an ambulance corps. Dr. J ones, was voted chairman and he spoke of the great advantage of having a

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trained body of men in a town like Crewe, where they have the largest railway works in the world. The officers were re-elected as follows: Hon. Surgeon, Dr. Herbert Jones; Superintendent, Frederick Hope Oldham; Superintendent Secretary, j. A. jenkins; rnspector of Stores, William Joseph Hill. It was decided to appoint first and second of-ficers by competition, Dr. Jonesand Supt. Oldham to be judges. A vote of thanks to Dr. Jones concluded the meetinrr. Tuesday, April 30th, fiv~ c~1. ndidates presented themselves for examination, viz., \Villiam~, Vlith.off, Potter, Manleyand Gawthorne Dr. jones put them thro~lgh V;) nousdnlls, l\1 r. \V. Ga wthorne proved most efficient, and was appomted first officer, 1I1r. AlL H. i\1anley, who was very close.l:eing made second officer. On Monday, May 17th, we had a grand meeting. Supt. Heathcote, ot the Winsford Corps, who, at the invitation of Superintendent Oldham very kindly came over and ~addressed the members of the corps, put them through various drills. DONCASTER AMllULANCE CORPs.-The members of the above corps, held their first annual dinner on Thursday, May roth, at the Salutation Hotel. After the cloth had been removed, Dr. H. P. Hallows, who is the chief officer, took the chair. The toasts included the health of Dr . Hallows, 1\'):10 was thanked for his kindness in giving this the first dinner. The remainder of the evening was spent in singing, and was broucrht to a close by singing" He's a jolly good fellow." Ip~\vICH CORPs.-The secretary, Mr. Field, having passed for his medallion, a silver one was presented to him from the funds of the centre, as a small acknowledgement of the valuable work he has done for the corps. The corps was on duty at the Whit Monday Fete, Holy \ 'Vells but only with a borrowed ten t. Even if there are no acciden ts, the sight of the tent and badges is an advertisement, and draws attention to the good work. LEICESTER.-ST. MARY'S AMBULANCE DIVISIO T.-On Monday evening, May 13th, a lecture was given to the members and friends of the above division in the schoolroom, the subject being" Cremation," by the Rev. W. M. ;\litchell, M.A. (curate-in-charge of St. Mary's). The lecturer deal t with the matter from both the religious and sanitary point of view. A discussion took place after the lecture, and a hearty vote of than ks was passed to the lecturer on the proposi tion of Mr. j. E. Roper, Inspector of Ambulance Transport, Leicester Corps, and seconded by IVrr. W. Gamble, Treasurer of St. Mary's Division . The chair was taken by. Superintendent L. Hall. The arrangements were made by the Hon . Sec., Mr. W . H. W. Perry. On June I5th, this division will repeat last year's Ambulance Display at Dixwort.h (20 miles on the Derby side of Leicester), on the invitation of the Vicar, Rev. H . Lock, who is an ardent ambulance adv:lcate, and, when in Leicester, was a member of St. Mary's Division . _ NORTHAn1PTON CORPs.-On the I9th May, the annual supper and reunion of the Earl's Barton Division was held, the Rev. Cobbold in the chair. After a most substantial meal had been done full justice to, several toasts were duly honoured, viz . :-The Queen, His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, Grand Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England, the Northampton Corps, neighbouring Corps, and last .but not least, the health of Hon-Surgeon Hyde, who for so long a time has assiduously given Lectures and instruction to the division. A presentation of a silver basket was made to the doctor in recognition of his kind and valued services to the division . The remainder of the evening was pleasantly spent in harmony, regret being also expressed at the unavoidable absence of Chief Superintendent Perry and his fellow officers, owing to an important meeting at N orthampton of the members there and the' neighbouring divisions, to consider the putting of thirty to forty members into uniform. On Wednesday, the 5th june, a most successful tea, concert and dance were held by the Duston division, over two-hundred being present. Dr. Green, who has so kindly given the lectures, presented the certificates of the last class, h eartily congratulating the division on its work . A vote of thanks to Dr. Green by Chief Superintendent Perry, seconded by Staff Sergeant Reeves, and cordially responded to, preceded the dancing which was continued until after I I p.m ., when a most pleasant and successful evening was brought to a close. An inspection of the Duston division was held on the roth June, by Chief Superintendent Perry, who congratulated the members on their efficiency, and also Sergeant Gardner and Cyclist Ward who had 50 assiduously worked to train the division up to its present high standard . An inspection of the Ki ngsthorpe d ivision which has been recently co mman ded by S uperintendent Trenery was also held, at which the Chief Superintenden t was present; this d ivision is also making marked progress. A tea and concert was recently held at which the R ev. T uson presided, and a very enjoyable evening was spent. The usual weekly drills at the Infirmary and the Grammar School grounds have been well attended . The corps turned out for d uty at the cycling tournament on Whit Manday, also at the I nfirmary sports on Saturday, June 8th, at which four casualties were attended to, Chief Superintendent Perry being in charge both days. The transport service has had but few cases of minor importance to deal with; the record of first aid cases also is unimportanL. POTTERIES CORPs.-FIXTURE LIST, I895.-J une 7th, The Schools, Grindon, 7 p.m., Distribution of Certificates, LO Grindon section; June 7th, Town Hall, Burslem, 8 p.m., Bandaging, Stretcher Drill, &c. ; June I Hh, Glass Street Schools, Hanley, 8 p.m., I nstruction; june 12th, the

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FIRST AID.

[ju ne, 1895.

Schools, Leycett, 7.30 p.m., Fractures and Drill S; June 13th, The Schools, \Vhiston, 7.30 p.m., Drill &c; June 14th, Town IJall, Newcastle, 7-45 p.m., Bandage W ork; Jun e 18th, the Schools, Madeley Hf'ath, 7.30 p.m., Concert in Aid of Fllnds; J line 18th, Glass Strcct Schools, llan: ey, 8 p.m., Stretcher, Bandaging, &c; Junc 21st, Town lTall , Burslem, 8 p.m. Bandaging, Splinting and Stretcher Drill; June 27th, the Schools, Whi ston, 7.30 p.rr.., Drills, &c. --S. :'I1alkin Copeland, Local Hon. Director. READ1:'<G. - The Reading Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, under Superintendent ;), P . Beal, wele pre.sent at the Reading Athletic Club Sports on Monday, in a temporary receiving house, in which they had bandages, splints, and other necessary requisites for first aid to the wounded. Besides many rninor casu:tities, they attended the f'l ilowi ng Cl.ses :-vVilliam Smith, a boy, with bruised he.ld. the result of :! blow from one of the swings. IV. Smallbonc, wi th arm and leg severely grazed, by falling off his bicycle during one of thc races. W . i\1 OSS, of 33, \Valdeck Street, with a scal p wound, the result of heing struck by a swing; after sto pping bleeding and applying b:l.l1d 1ges, this caSe was sent on to the hospital C. Haye s, with a cut lip, which bled profuse ly; after the bleeding had been stoplJed a plaister wa s applied. Thi s is evidence that the services of die Ambulance Brigade are most valuable on such occasions. \VINDSOR.-Princess Christian, who was accompanied by Princess Vi ctoria of Schleswig-Holstein, attended at the Albert [n stitute, \Vi ndsor, on Saturday evening, and presented cet·titicates and medals to members of the St. John Ambulance classes of IVindsor and Eton, principally Great \"estern Railway employes. Lord Emlyn, vice-chairman or the G reat Western Railway Company, and the Earl of Cork were also Lord Emlyn, in thanking Princess Christian, mentioned that present. 2,255 men on the Great "'estern system had now obtained certi!1cates, and had rendered first aid to wounded in no less than 1,127 accidents, while in seventy-three cases lives had undoubtedly been saved hy the" first aid" rendered. Dr. Fairbank, surgeon to Princess Christian, was presen'ed by her Royal Highness with an illuminated address on behalf of the classes, in acknowledgment of his gratuitous teaching. WELU~GBOROUGH CORPS. CA~P AT LILFORD PARK

Chief Superintendent T. II . W oolston this year, with the aid of hi s able brother officers, and by leave of the Chief Commissioner, Colonel Thackeray, formed acampfor the \Vellingborough Corps, which includes vVellingborough, Higham Ferrers, Stanwick, frthli ngburough, and Great Addington . This, with the kind permission of Lord Lilford, who is always forward in promoting any good movement, wa s opened on Saturday afternoon, the 1st insL, in the deer park at Lilronl, and broke lip on Tuesday the 4th, and was in every respect success ful from a working point of view, and also equally enjoyable to :)oth officers and men. The ground selected was on a dight slope, and was most suit:! ble for the purpose. The camp officers wei e Chief Surgeon IV. E. Audland, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., ~hief Superintendent and Command.lIlt T. II. vVoolston, Superintendent T. Hilton, Superintendent of Transport C. Nicholson, Superintendent Treasurer T. Gral'eley, Superintendent J. IV. Biggins, First Officers A. Groome and j. ~argeant, and Staff Sergeants H. l{ixon and C. Clayson. Superintendent Trenery, from the I\'orthampton Corps of the Brigade, was also present. There were on parade seven officers, two staff offi..:ers, and 66 men. The camp was formed as follows :-Three officers' tents, of-ficers' mess tent, orderly tent, guard tent, petty officers' tent, ho spital tent, and men's mess tent. The men's tent and the hospital tent, the latter of which wa s duly fitted out for camp purposes, was used by the men for sleep ing. The splendid ambulance wagon, given to the Corps by Mr. Graveley, of vVellingborough, WIlS also on the ground fn case of emergency. The work was carried out under great difficulties, as several heavy thunderstorms fell, but nothincr daunted the men. The main body of the Corps arrived at Thorp~ Station shortly after four o'clock on Saturday afternoon, and then fell-in and marcheci, under the command of Chief Superintendent T. 11. Woolston,to the camping ground,which they rear-hed shortly after 5 o'clcck The men fell-in <It six o'clock, and proceeded to the front of the Hall to meet Lord and Lady Lilford. Her ladyship offered the men a most hearty welcome to Lilford. Chief Superintendent W oo lston thanked her ladyship, and said he hoped the men while in camp would maintain the good character and high stand ing for discipline and good conduct they had hitherto borne. ~ursing Sister Witney then presented her ladyship with a prettily arranged basket of choice flower s, which was graciously accepted. The men afterwards marched back to their tents. Reveille was sounded on Sunday morning at six o'clock, and the men were paraded at seven o'clock, and put through a few movements. At ten o'clock the men again assembled, and after being inspected by Chief Superintendent Woolston marched to Thorpe Achurch Church. The service was conducted by the Rev. C E. Weston who preached an able and most appropriate sermon , Reve ille so u:,d ed aL five o'clock 011 Monday morning, and the rlrst parade was at half-past six o'clock. 1)UI ing the morni llg LOld Lilrord callle on to the ground and in spected the ca lnp, and <:xpress d him sel r exceedingly pleased with 'w hat he saw. At three o'clock the Corps was formed up on the parade ground, and subsequently, headed by tile h'llf-dozen

cycl ist members, with their cycles, marched Lo the lawn in front of the hall for official inspection by Chief Surgeon Audland, who was accompanied by Dr. Crew, of Higham Ferrers. The nurses were also presellt on parade. The in spect ion was witnessed by Lord and Lady Lilford, Captain the Hon. j. and Mrs. Powys, the Mi sses J3urroughes, Mi ss Sanderson, Mi ss Stopford, lHr. Stopford, and others of the house party. The cyclists showed the use of the new cycle equipment designed by Chi ef Superin tendent vVoolston, and carried out by members of the Corps. Thi s consists of a framework to support a stretcher in two The Corps t hen parts, the different parts being carried by two cyclists marched past in column and returned in line, the movements, which were admirably executed throughout, being thus brought to a conclusion At the close Lady Lilford presented certificates. Addressing Lord and Lady Lilford, Chief Surgeon Audland said they were very much indebted to them for allowing their first Camp to be held in their bea utiful grounds, and as Chief Surgeon he said he was highly plea sed at the ability displayed by the men, and congratulated them on thcir practical work. Lord Lilfon.l. expressed the pleasure it had given him to invite them to the grounds, and he shou ld be pleased to again grant them the use of the Park for their Camp. Three hearLY cheers having been given for Lord an d Lady Lil fo rd, a return was made to the Camp, tea partaken of. and the men were then again at lihelt)'. Ahout tcn o'clock in the morning Chief Superintendent WULllston sent a telegram to the Duke· of York, who is Sub-Prior of the Order of St. john of jerusalem in England, congratulating him on the occasion of his birthday. In the evening a smok ing concert took place in the men's mess tent, and a most enjoyable timc was spent till" last post" sounded . On Tl.esday morning reveille was sounded at fOllr o'clock, nnd the tents were struck at five o'clock, and preparations were made to march to Thorpe Station to calch the second train for Wellingborough. The Camp is the first of the kind that has been held by a separate Corps, and all expressed themselves greatly pleased and satisfied at its success. The [und to defray expenses was provided by con lributions from the men and by subscri ptions frum supporters of the movement obtained by Chief Superintendent Wuolston, Superintendent IIil ton, and other officers.

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first Bib 1Recorb.

BETlINAL GREJ(N.-On Thursday evening, 30th May, at the Excelsior 1111 imming Baths, Mansford Street, Bethnal Green, a lad named II lIdson whilst running round the edge of the bath, slipped and came in contact Ilith the stone Aoor. On being assisted to his feet he was found to be much bruised and hleeding from a scalp wound. Privates S. J. Fisk and P. Hayes of the Children Home Corps, \\'ho were present, atte nded to the case, stopping the bleeding and dressing the wound. BURNLEY.-On Monday, 28th May, an accident occurred of a serious character to a little child about two-and-a-half years old. It appears the little fellow had crept through an opening in the fence (caused by a Lroken rail) of the jenny road, belonging to the Townley Colliery, and being caught by an empty tub, sustained se\'ere injuries to his head and the lower p:nts of his body. But for the timely assistance of the jenny tenter and i\Tr. Louis Phillips, a member of the Burnley Ambulance Corps, he would undoubtedly have been killed. PhiEips, afLer extricating him, conveyed him to his home near at hand, where, with the assistance or a local postman, John A. Campbell, also a member of the Burn ley Am bulance Corps, the i nj ured chi ld recei I'ed every allen ti on, pendillg the arrival of a medical man. Drs. Dixon and Fisher were very quickly in att~ndallce, a nd under their care the boy is rapidly recovering. It is worthy of mention th::tt Phillips has several times rendcred valuable service in cases of accidents occurri ng at this colliery, in which he works as a loca l miner. DONCASTER.-On .'\!fonday morning, May 20th, an accide nt happened at the Great Northern Cleaning Shed at Donc::tster, to a cleaner, H. Pearson, who ·while cleaning his engine, had his hand caught between the side rod and framing, causing a severe lareration of the right hand. He was promptly attended to by F. IV. Wood, of the Doncaster st. John Ambulance Corps, wh o wo rks at the same place, and wh o accompanied him to the Doncaster Infirmary, where his injuries werc quickly seen to by the TT oll se Surgeon. - On Friday evening, April 27th, G. Townley, whil st phyin g in a football match, h ad his Ie!; hroken, which was promptly attentled to and put into improvi sed splints by F. W. W ood and 11. H. La ver, mem bers of the Doncaster St. John Ambulance Corps, who happened to be on the field at the time, and with assistance conl'eyed him to the Doncaster Infirmary where he is now making rap id progress. GLASGOw.-Five cases have been recorded during the past month where first aid serv ireshave been rendered by Mr. M. H. i\lunn, of the Glasgow Salvage Corps, the most important being :-On May gth, a boy fell from the top of a machine, on which he h:td been playing, and sustained a large incised wound on the forehead, which bled freely. Stopped bleeding, wound dressed and bandaged, and he was taken home. On May 14th, a watchman was struck on the face by a ragged and sharp edged stone, thrown by boys playing, causing a large lacerated wound of nose (flOm top to ti p); torn edges of wound cut off and cleansed, and first dressing applied, and he resumed his duties. Also

on May 20th, a boy was run over by a van loaded with flour, causing a greenstick fracture of left radius, and left hand and left foot severely bluised, with in cised wound. on little finger of right hand. Liltle fellow was ca rried home (close by), improvised splints of rough wood applied and made secure with pieces of torn rags, and on arrival of doctor he expressed great satisfaction at the efficient manner the accident had been treated. The boy's foot was permanently set in plaster of Paris by Dr. Wm. Chalmers, George Street, next day, and the boy is now reported as doi ng well. HEDON, NEAR H ULL.- The following letter has been received by Mr. R. Alan Park, Hon. Class Secretary : "Hedon, near Hull. " DEAR STR,-You will be glad to hear that two of myoId pupils have been distinguishing themselves by rendering first aid to a very serious case. On May 17th, John \Vestron, in charge of a wagon and three horses laden with about three tons of corn, was run over by the wagon near Daisy Hill. Mrs. ·a nd 111iss Hutchinson went to his aid and ga\'e proper instructions for his removal to their house some 300 yards or so distant, and also rendered first aid in a most efficient and satisfactory He had sustained a compound comminuted fracture o f way. hi s left elbow joint, a compound comminuted fra cture of hi s right tibia, and a contused and lacerated wound of thigh. I think these ladies deserve very high praise for the very efficient and prompt manner in 'which such grave injuries were tackled. 1 may add that when I saw him they had practically left me nothing to do, and he could have been removed to the Hospital as well as if J had never seen him. IJe died at the hospital a few hours later. "Sincerely yours, (Signed) JAS. SOUTTER, M.R.C.S." HER:'<E BAY.-On Friday evening, May 17, ]. Strood, in the employ of M r. J. \V. Collard, was proceeding down the Station Road, towards the town in charge of a horse and cart loaded with bags of coal, when one of them fell out of the cart and frightened the horse. The driver jumped from the celrt, and fell with great violence on his head. Dr. Fenoulhet was fortunately at hand, and temporarily attended to the injured man at the Station, and he was then conveyed in an unconscious condition by S~t. Shelly, Messrs. Evans, 'Voodcock and Greenland, of the Ambulance Corps, in a cart to the Cottage I-Tospital, where an examination revealed the fact that he was suffering from a fracture of the base of the skull with profuse hremorrhage. A man named Brown in the employ of Mr. R. Moore was turning the corner of ~orth Street into High Street, on IV[onday afternoon, May :3, shortly after one o'clock, with a horse and trolley belonging to his employer, when the sudden jerk of the vehicle threw him over into the road. The horse started off at a trot toward s home, and finally stopped of its own accortl outside Mr. ~I oOl'e's shop. .11 r. Evans, of the Ambulance Corps, having his attention drawn to the accident by seeing the horse and trolley running down the street, went to the scene of the upset, and found the driver bespattered with blood and dust, and in a dazed condition, suffering from a cut two inches long and about half an inch in depth on the front of the head. A chair and a sponge ·nd water were procured, and Dr. Fenoulhet was sent for. The man complaining of a pain in his back, was removed to the Cottage Hospital, where it was found necessary to detain him, the precise nature of his inj uries not being ase ertaina b le. PADIHA~1 ROAD DrvrSION.-BITE BY A DOG.-Clifton Berry, as he sat on his own doorstep, was bitten by a dog rather severdy, and, knowing a first aider li ving near, he went to his house, and received first aid treatment by :'IIr. A. Lord. First a id was also rendered by Mr. A. Lord to 1\1r. George Sunderland, who received a badly torn finger whilst larking with a clothes iron. !\Irs. Riley, of Zion Terrace, received severe injuries to side of head whilst quarrelling with her husband, thi s was also attended to by 1\1r. Lord. SHREWSB(1RY.-This corps, und er the supenrision of Mr. F. E. Adams, chief superintendent, attended an Oddfellow's rete held in Sh rewsbury on \Vhit llIonday, when sel'eral cases were rendered first aid, including one serious accident which befel a cyclist, 1\1r. Fred. i\Iolyneux, of Manchester, in the course of a bicycle race. The patient, who was unconsc ious, was at once conveyed on a stretcher to the ambulance tent, where it was fOllnd that he had slig ht concussion of the brain, and wounds on hi s face and on one leg. He was restored to consciousness, and after the wounds had been dressed, Molyne ux was able, with assistan ce, to walk from the grounds. On May 28th, a boy whilst playing at cricket, recei ved a severe blow a bove the eye wi th the ball. i\ I r. O. Landon (member of the Brigade) attended to the wound, a nd sent the boy to the Infirm ary. WELLINGBORO UGH .-On the 7th May at the premises of the Wellingborough Boot Company, Mrs. Elizabeth Hunter got her right hand entangled in the machinery, causing it to be crushed and severely bruised. First aid was immediately lendered by j. B. Wilson of the VVellingborough Ambulance Corps, who dressed the injuries and had her conveyed home. WORKSOP.-AcClDENT TO A~ ExcuRsrO:-lIST.-Mr. Allen Bee, a draper from Heanor, and a large n umber of friends, journeyed to \Vorksop to do th ~ ro unds of the" D ukeries" on IVednesda y, 5 th June. The party, who were seated on a four-in-hand, were proceeding a long Sparken Hill, when 011e of the leading horses took fright at a steam roller which was

FIRST

standing on the road. and swerving on to the footpath the vehicle came into collision with a lamp-post, t.he arm of the post jamming Mr. Bee's left leg against the seat, crushing it severely, and causing a compound fracture. He was rendered first aid by several \Vmk sop policemen connected with the ambulance society, and was afterwards attended by Dr. Montague, and later in the day conveyed to the Sheffield Infirmary. -Nottillgham Evenillg News, June 6th, 1895.

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st. 30bn ambulance association. CITY OF LONDON COLLEGE.- The examination of the class recently held here was a great success. M r. D. Savage organised the class in a most spirited manner. POLYTECHNIC.-A course of " First Aid!" lectures for ladies will commence at the Polytechnic, 309, Regent Street, "IV., on \Vednesday, June 19th, at 2.4-5 p.m., also a Nursing course, 4- p.m. the same day. A First Aid class for men commenced at thi s Institution on June IOth, at 8.15 p.m. The Polytechnic is now a centre of the St. John Ambulance Association's work, with His Grace the Duke of Fife, K .G.,as President. HEALEy-DISTRIBUTION OF CERTIFICATES-PRESENTATION TO DR. R. B. SELLERS.-A very interesting ceremony took place in Healey Church School on the 13th May, when the distribution of prizes to the successful students of the ambulance class in connection with the Church Institute, and a presentation of a bea utiful reading lamp to Dr. R. B. Sellers took place. The Vicar (the Rev. J. J. H. Cottle) occupied the chair, and amongst those present were Mrs. Schofield, Mrs. Cottle, Mrs. Sellers, Mr. J. C . Brierley, Mr. F. Greenwood, and Mr. C. Buck (Chief Constable). Mr. J. C. Brierley distributed the prizes to the successful students. Mr.]. W. Gregson, in making the presentation to Dr. Sellers, said Dr. Sellers had devoted his time and labour to their instruction, and all those present knew as well as he, to what extent his services had been rewarded. He felt and knell' that the people of Healey, who underwent instruction through his kindness in the first aid examination, had appreciated his services. The inscription on the presentation was :-" Presented to Dr. R. B. Sellers by the members of the ambulance class in connection with the Healey Church Institute. May 13th, 1895." Theaudience then rose and heartily !i<1.ng, " Auld lang syne." Dr. R. B. Sellers, who was enthusiastically received, said no intimation whatever had been given to him that he was to take any prominent part in those proceedings, and consequently they could well understand - especially many of them who knew what a nervous and bashful man he was-(laughter) -how he must feel. He must especially thank ~ r. Frank Buckley and Mr. Dyson Howarth for their help in carrying out the practical part of the instruction. After again thanking them for their present, Dr. Sellers resumed his seat. Mr. C. Buck (Chief-Constable of Rochdale) in a brief address, urged the advigbility of the ladies forming a class similar to the one formed by the gentlemen. (Applause.) Mr. Ingham agreed with Mr. Buck, and in addition gave some valuable hints to the members. IpSWI CH CENTRE.- TursingCorps.-The meetings of the Corps are suspended until O ctober. The Secretary, Mrs. Pawsey, having passed for her medallion, a silver one was presented to her from the funds of the Centre as a recognition of her tried work. The Corps numbers 67. IpSWICH CENT RE.-The Annual Meeting on the 22nd was a great success, though, unfortunately, Lord Henniker was unable to be present, and it was too late to ask anyone else, except the Han. Capt. A. E .J. Henniker, who was also unable to come. The Mayor, as president of the Centre, took the chair, and presented 239 certificates, vouchers, and medallions. This year, for the first time, the G.E.R. certificates were not included, or there would have been 265. Mi ss Coulcher, han. local sec., gave an account of the work of the past year, and urged more classes for working women on Lady Londonderry's plan. The Centre pays its way but wants money for extra appliances, a tent, flag, more stretchers, &c. ' KENTISH TowN.-As previously reported a St. John Ambulanre class was held at Messrs. C. & A. Daniels, Kentish T own Road. T ow we have the pleasure to report that although only twelve went up for examination, eleven of these passed. Great credit is due to the lecturer, Dr R. M. Beaton, for the great interest he has taken in the class, and for the gratifying- manner in which he pulled them through at the finish. It must, however, not be forgotten that the class was conducted under many disadvantages, it being a very busy time when they were held. Thanks are also due to Mr. S . J. Howells for the able manner in whi ch he acted in the capacity of secretary to the class, and also for the manner in which he kept the interest in it from flagging. \;Vhat a great pity it is that this noble work is not more thoroughly taken up by our large business establishments. LEICESTER CENTRE.-Official summalY of the spring examinations :-The following classes, held during the spring session in connection with this centre, have been examined by Mr. Matthew Coates, M.D., .F.R.C.S., deputy In specto r R.N., viz. :-Women's First Aid (Old Town Hall), Dr. McLeod . Men: Ga llowtree-gate Chapel (Dr. McLeod), Borough of Leicester Working Men's Club and Institute, Bond Street, (Dr. Shearer), and the Borough of Leicester Gas and Electric Lighting Department (Dr. Davies). The arrangements . .vere carried out by Mr. F. H. Turner, the han. secretary. A glass lock-up show-case (in which are displayed notices of ambulance meetings lectures, classes, particulars of the uniform, transport wagons, &c.) ha~

AID.

[June , 18 95 .

been fixed on the wall of the secretary's house, 2, Halford Street, and being in the very centre of t.he town, will be found most useful. TORTIIA;\I PTON .-A meeting of the comm ittee of the Torthampton Centre recently held, to decide upon tenders for the ambulance wagon to he purch3lsed for the. conveyance of invalids in the district, decided upon three 11rms from which the final tender should be accepted. The meeting, however, was adjourned to a llow of certain omissions to be supplied by the three firms whose tenders were unner consideration. No decision finally was come to. POTTERIES CENTRE.-On Thursday, May I6th, the annual dinner in connection with the Kidsgrove class was held at the Harecastle Hotel. About fifty sat down to a well served table. The chair was occupied by Mr. F. G. Warburton, senior. Amongst others present were MI'. E. H. Griffiths, J.P., Mr. McCarthy, Mr. E. Hollinshead, Mr. W. Ford, Mr. J. Smith , Mr. J. Hollingshead Williams, Captain Turner, Dr. Downes, and Mr. S. :\1alkin Copebnd, Local Han. Sec. Mr. Griffiths presented the certificates to the successful students at the recent class conducted by Dr. Downes.-A very successful meeting was held at the Town Hall, Cheadle, on J une 30th. The chair \\'a s occupied by Mr. J. R. B. Maxfield, M.A., and there was a good attendance. Surgeon-~l ajor Hutton deli\'ered a lengthy and most admirable address on the work of the Association, and afterwards distributed seventy-one certificates and medallions to the successful ~tudents at the recent Cheadle. Kingsley, Oakamoor, and Alton classes. A demon stration of first aid was given by students fr om the four classes, assisted by members of the Cheadle Fire BriO'ade - Two new sections of the Potteries Corps have been formed'; at Etruria, with Mr. Homer as Superintendent and the Rev. IV. Barrett, M.A., as Secretary, and at Gnndon With Rev. G. D. Rowlands as Superintendent, and Mr. W. M ycock as secreta ry. No. 12 (WILLESD EN) DISTRICT, METROPOLITAN CENTRE, has been re-formed . The Earl of Aberdeen retains the Presidency the Treasurer is Mr. A. Claude R obson, and the Secretary, Mr. \v. Baker, 16, Fortune Gate Road, Harlesden; Mr. Alan Paull has been appointed Chairman of Committee. District coincides with the area of W. Distri ct COLlncil, except a small part of Kilburn. 1

---:0:---

lDolunteer (fDebical Staff.

HE Aberdeen Volunteer Medical Staff Corps went into camp at Blrkhall, near Ballater, on the 30th ult. On Friday afternoon the Que~n drove from Balmoral Castle, about seven miles from Birkhall, and Inspected the camp. Some of the juvenile Princes and Prin cesses wer~ delighted at the novelty of camp life. Among those who accompamed. t~e Queen was Mr. Profeit, L.R.C.S., Edin., Her Maje sty's CommISSIOner at Balmoral. Her Majesty drove a long the lines showing inte:-est in the II wounded" lying bandag-ed on the stretchers a~d in the soldIerly ran ks of the others standing at allen tion by their side. Sir Fleet\~ood J. Edwards presented individually to Her Majesty SurgeonCaptalll Macgregor, Surgeon-Captain Riddell and Quartermaster De Surgeon-Lieutenant U rquhart wa~ also presented to the Lessert. Queen . H.R.H. P rincess Beatrice and suite were present at the inspection on Saturday.

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS . Will be paid to the Representatives of the purchaser of FIRST A ID 111 case of death as provided below, by T he S icknes s an d A ccid e nt As s u ran ce Associatio n, L t.d . Head Office :-24, YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH. London Office :-64, MOORGATE STR EET, L.O.NDON, E.C. To whom notice of Claims under the following conditIOns must .be sent WITHIN THREE DAYS. A p p l i c able to P ass e n ger T raI ns in G reat B r i t.ain & I reland. ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by the a.bove In sura nce Company to the Legal representatives of any person killed by an accident to the train in which t.h~ deceased was an ordinary passenger, or wh o shall have been fatally 111J ured thereby, should death result within 24 hours after such accident. P r o vide d that at the time of such accident the person so killed or fatally injured was the owner of F I R ST .A:ID ~or the current .month, <;:OI:taining this Coupon legibly signed WIth hIS or her usual sIgnature 111 mk or pencil both time and signature being of the essen ce of the contract. '

£1 0D

Signature ....................................... ........................................... . A rfdress ................................................ ........................... .. ..... .. .............................................. This Insurance is limited to one Coupon t.o each holder and is not invalidated by any In surance with this or any other Accident Compa ny. It is subject to the ordinary conditions of the Association's Accident Policies, and is in force from midnight, I5th June, I895, until midnight, 15th July, 1895.

Printed f or the Propnetors by W. J. GOODlI, 88, Clerkenwell Road, a nd publillhea by ALU P .lLMlIR nnd REm>, at n, Ludgate Hill, E.l1.

FIRST AID • A

JOURN AL

No. 13.-VOL. II.

D E VOT E D

[Entered at Stationers' Hall. ]

~ u!=

W'ORK .

AMBULANCE

PRICE 00JE PE;\! ly.

JULY, 1895.

~ oisonolls

:f13irtbba\?

jfoobs.

(Special/;' contributed by a First-A ide!'.)

ITH this our anniversary number we desire to tender to our many friends-subscribers and advertisers- our warmest thanks for the uni\'ersal kindness we ha\-e at all times met with at their hands j not only haye they praised our good points, but th ey ha,'e made every allowance for our indifferent ones. In making this our first birtl1day bow, we wish to appeal to all First-Aid ers, who are regular subscribers, to do their utmost to assist uS in the year we 11aye just entered upon in extending our circulation, and thereby increasing not only the value of this journal as a medium for reporting current eYents, but also as a means of spreading the work which is so dear to all of us. The importance of this work is now so fully recognised by the general public that we venture to prophecy that ere long it will be considered a necessary adjunct to the instru ction of eyery man and woman. "A little knowledge is a dangerous thing," is a good proyerb under certain conditions, but in the case of ambulance work in dealing with the victims of sudden accident, it certainly does not apply. A little knowledge on the part of those who are suddenly called upon to render such assistance is frequently sufficient to prevent the unfortunate one from bleeding to death; or, take the case of one rescued from drowning, how pitiable must be the p osition of the rescuer if, after having succeeded in saying the life of a fellow creature, he has to stand idly by an d watch the flickering spark die out owing to his not having learnt the very elementary rules of saving life flom drowning as taught in OUf am bulance classes. Or take the case of the unfortunate victims struck down by lightning the other day at the Royal Show at Darlington; we have the medical testimony that but for the prompt way in which the members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade on dut)! at the Show acted, the loss of life would have been greater. Indeed, take the statistics from any large town, and they teem with undeniable records of good work rendered by our police and railway service . Our object in founding this little journal was that we felt the time had arrived when the work should have its own advocate. We trust we may loo k back upon our efforts during the past year as having proyed that the cause has gained to some little extent by its adyocacy, and during the coming year may wei in conclusion, ask FirstAiders in all parts to help us in extending its influence; resting assured that while we shall be ever ready to express Our admiration of that which we deem worthy of admiration, we shall never fail to censure that which we ?elieve is detrimental to our work, or calculated to mar lts usefulness. [ST. J OHN'S DAY.-A full account of the Annual Assembly, &c., will be published in our next month's issue.'

III.

OUR Editor is kind enough to inform me that the few words I h:,Ye ventured to put on pa per under the above heading, h : v ~ attncte-i c Ylsiderable interest amongst readers of our little literary representati\'eli ttle in size anI y-large in its valuable intentions! It was not my purpose to enter very deeply into the subject at first, but merely to draw attention to the scares that are so readily created by the cry of II Poisonous Food! " when in many cases the food is not poiso nous at all. I could give indisputable proof that in somewhere about nine cases out of ten the alarm is unfounded. The sickness is real and perhaps the death may follow, but either may be caused by circumstances by no means connected with genuine food poisoning. ~ickness may follow the taking of perfectly wholesome food, simply because the stomach is out of order. Persons present may turn sick also from the mere suspicion of poisoning in another, and it would not be at all an unnatural thing to see a tableful of people all affected by the natural distress of a bilious or dyspeptic guest. Sickne5s or e\'e l' yomiting are the natural effects of some food on certain conditions 01 the stomach. It may be argued that in sLlch circumstances the food il an unwilling poison to the person affected; perhaps it is-perhaps not, for its effects may be merely medicinal. In any case, disorder of the organ follows the taking of the food, and the result may be disastrous to the individual and nausea to the guests, just as one sea-sick or hysteri cal person will start off others present. Death may supervene fr om nervous shock and fear. The duty of a first-aider is to staun ch the spread of scare, and give confidence to those really affected. Let the notion of food-poison be the last to be suggested. Pooh-pooh the notion as absurd, keeping your eye upon the probability, neverth eless. By doing so you will be able to pick out genuine sickness from sickness produced by nervous contagion, and devote your attention to the real sufferer. As poison may exist, be careful-unknown, and perha ps uns uspected by the patient-to take possession of the remainder of any food which has caused the disturbance, and let t he vomit, if any, be left in the basin until it is no longer required in evidence. Should death ensue, this vomit will be of the very first importance. Let me conclude these fugitive notes by just one little precaution that is worth your attention . The effects of poison in food are not im mediate. When vomiting follows immediately upon swallowing the food, you may rest pretty certain that it is not caused by poison in the food, unless the poison should be introduced in murderous doses; but, even in that case, it would be preceded by premonitory symptoms which would follow the taking the food and its poison. When immediate vomiting follows the food- tak ing, you may rely upon it that the premonitory symptoms had already taken place in the form of" bile," or stomachic disorder. The importance of smashing up scares at their very outset cannot be overrated. This the first-aider can always manage to effect with the great satisfaction to all, if at the first outset discredit is thrown upon the supposition that the food is poi sonous. As the Editor promises me an opportunity of addressing readers of FIRST Am upon othe r occasions, 1 will reserve further remarks for the time in the hope that some other first-aider, as ready with the pen as t he tourniquet, may feel disposed to express an opinion.

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dfortDeomin g E are pleased to learn that Head Quarters do not intend to let the Annual Camp drop. Knowing as we do the trouble that has always attended its inauguration each year, we almost felt that those responsible for it would , in the face of the vote:lt the Conference, decide to leave the matter in the hands of the Pro\,incial Corps; but, as in the case of the Drill Book, so in the case of the Camp, Head Quarters must again come to the fore, and we have therefore much pleasure in annonncing that" the Chief" and our g-ood old Qllarterm ster ha\'e u't',l th eir persuas ive powe rs wi t h our 6VV' I,cllu 'I. _\ . "'~ ,l IL , landlord, Mr. Percy Powell-Cotton; and the aO'ent, i\lr. Clarence Hunter, and for this year, at least, the white tents of the Ambulance Brigade will once more dot the field ad jacen t to the grand old towers of" Daundel yon." Vie ho.pe that Provincial and Metropolitan men alike will rally round Head {,Juarters, and make this yea r's Camp not the least successful of those that have been held before.

FIRST AID.

A In.

4 IMPORTANT NOTICE. We beg to give notice that this Journal will in future be published on the 1st of the month . In order to meet the requirements of the trade , it must be actually published by the 25th or 26th,. so we ~us~ ask. all our l-orrespondents to send in their contributIOns by the 22 nd a t the latest. TO ADVERTISERS. As no paper at the present day can ~xist without Advertisements, we beg to draw the ~ttent~on of A dvertisers to this Journal. It has been 10 ex.lstence for 1.2 months has a steadily increasing circulation. and IS the only Jourr.al cf its kind circulating am.on gst fi.rs~ aiders in all parts of the world, and IS read by thousands every month. These are facts worth knowing and digesting SUBSCRIFTIONS. As this number commences our second Iyear, it is our duty to rem.lnd our subs~ribers that their subscriptions are agam due. We slllcerely hope that eac.h subscl'lber Will do his best to get others.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR 12 months, IS. 6d., post free, to be sent to the Publishers, Alan Palmer & Reed, II, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-' ARTERY, LONDON."

FIRST AID. JULY I, 1895.

devise one and submit it to the County Council: It must be re~ embered that in this matter London IS far behind most of the Continental cities, and it cannot be a subject of self-congratu ~ atio!1. that this city, th e n?-ost important in the world, IS w1th.out a properly author.ls.ed ambulance service. \Ve would Impress on the a u~hontl ~s that the matter is an urgent one, that the necessIty for It in our streets is shown daily, yea, almost hourlJ: ; that th ere are p~e.n ty of trained ~11e~ capable of performtng the work, reqUInng only orgamsatlOn and -money. We are certain from ·w hat we know of them, that there are many m emb~rs of the Order of St. J ohn anxious to inaugurate this bO"rand and noble work and if an agitation were raised to show the public feer'ing in the matter it would, n o dou bt soon be an accomplished fact. vVe earnestly be 1 thos~ of our readers who have influence with any of OL1~ public men to exert all .their pO\~ers to impress ~nd urge upon them the necessIty of thIS matter. . We .are afraid that th e recent change of Government, lI1volvll1g a General Election in the course of the next few wecks, will for the present put everything e~se into t1-:e backO"round and prevent memb ers of P arlIament takll1.g any ~1.terest in the subject for the time bemg,. but. in the meantime members of the County CouncIl mIght be applied to, and their view~ ascert~ined. If we. in our humble way can do somethtng to bnng ab.out thIS mu ch to be desired object, we shall feel that thIS Journal has another mission to accomplish, and our reader.5 may rest sa tisfied that perseverance on our part will not be wanting. - - - - :0: - - - -

VI E haye treated in previous articles of the AMBULANCE necessity there exists in L ondon of a wellSERY1CE FOR manned and properly equipped ambulance LONDON. service. A few instances out of many NO. III. were given in which such a service would be of the greatest utility in help~ng to sav.e life and we suO"O"ested that the. benefits accflllng from It wO~11d justify t11~ expenditure in.v0lved. The details of the scheme we need not enter 111tO at present, beyond saying that, in our opinion, th er~ ou~ht to be a Cent~al Office or H ead Quarters with a ChIef Surgeon and Supermtendent and local depots provided with an ambulance waO"on 'material and assistants, placed at various selected b , ' sites and connected with the teleph one SerYlce so as t') be immediately avaibble when required. . \Ve now desire to address a strong appeal to those 111 whose hands "'ould be placed the creating and organising of the seryice, Whether the funds would have to be proyided by the London County Councilor the Central Government we do not know, but we suspect that the former body would have the control and management of the scheme; bu t even then, the Order of St. John, having in its composItion a number of experts, would have to be consulted concerning its formation, and we therefore venture to address that body on the subject . We have t o submit that this question is an important and serious one, and thal its solution is a.nxiously waited for, not only by us but by the public. This is not the first time that the l1latter has been raised; some two or three years' ago it was mentioned in one of the evening papers, and it was then stated by the Secretary of the Order that there was a scheme under contemplation, but it has not yet been published. If this scheme is still in existence and is a workable one, we are cOlwinced that the Order will be .doing a great service to th e public by producing it. If there be no such scheme, we would suggest, with all due deference, that the members of the Order take counsel together- -calling in other experts if necessary-

dr"ire J&rigabe j]lote~. NATIONAL FIRE BRIGADES U:-IIO . , A~lI3ULANCE DEPA]{DIENT. A Fire Brigade Review will be held i.n Blenh:im P~r~ , Woodstock, Thursday, July lIth, under the auspices of the ~,I'.B.U. ( outh Midland District). The ambulance arrangements w,ll be un lei the control of Chief Surgeon Russell. .;:. >rEVERY man attached to the Birmrngham Fire I3rigade is noll' cJllalilied to render first aid to t he injl.red . La,t month the mell presellled LO Dr. i\1 orr ison a set of vases and a framed phot ogrcl ph 01 the Btt g 1de 111 recoan ition of the ti me and care he Ius devoted to the .1m bul' nct' class. b ~')

l) 1,)

THE Tipton Brigade had a " spill" while returning from some spOlts at Great Bridge, on i\1ay 27th; Burnley firemen hau an upset when returninO" from a fire in June; and Plymouth stea mer , oWing to the brake faRing to act, ran into the window of a hoot shop 011 the l')th 11Il. None of the firemen were hlll t .

,',' .. l) ('.'..

,"VERE any ambulance men aboard the engines Oil these occasiolls ? 'Vha t a chance!

*'-if.

oJ;.

A SECOND ambulance IV.1.O"on was acquired by the I3elfast Fire Bri-

g~1.de on June 3rd. The. ne\~ wagon which has been purch~sed by sub-

scri ption, is of a larger size than the first, has ac~ommodatlOn for two patients, is well lighte~, and runs on pneumatlc-tyred wheels. The Lord \1ayor of the city, 111 [ormall.y rece,vmg the ~a~on on behal~. of the City Coun cil, spoke of the ,mp.rovement eX~lblted by the l~.l rc Brigade in fire and ambulance w?rk slllce ~he a'pp~ 111tment of Supelln tendent Parker. Afterwards HIS 'Vorshlp dlstnbuted a number of ambulance certificates and prizes awarded to the firemen! anu <L,t the close of the proceedings the I3rigade gave a senes of exhlbltlOn dnlls III very good style. :0:---FENCHURCH STREET EXPLOSION. In consequence of the I ecent fatal explosion of a compressed gas cylinder containing oxy-hydrogen for a magic lantern, at Fenchurch Street Railway Station , the London and South Weste.rn and .Great ~orthern Railway Companies have issueu the follo\\lIlg notIce;"Cylinders containing compressed gases wtllnot be accept~d for conveyance as passengers' lu~gage,. nor wtll they be carned b~ t~: companies' ste:lIners, Cylinders lIltended for conv.ey<lnce mu st .I.e booked through the parcels or goo.ds offices at ,the stations. Part leu la' 5 of the special condition s under wh,ch these cy lll~,ders are conveyed may be obtained at the office at the tIme of bookmg.

@ur ~ortrait \BaIIer~. CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT W. ]. CHURCH BRASIER. FTER the appearance in our portrait gal1 ery of Colonel Thackeray, the Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, it seemed most appropriate this month to gi\"e to our readers the portrait and sketch of the career of the highly popular Cbicf Superintendent of the Metropolitan Corps of the Brigade. Mr. Brasier claims 1856 as the year of his birth, and Kent as his native county. He was educated at the Ebor Collegiate Echool, Margate, and afterwards at the Barton School, \Vi sbech. On lea\' ing school he joined his father, the late Mr. \V. C. Brasier, In conducting th e old established printing business in Margate Some time after th e dectt;l uf ~rr. Bru sicr , Senior, the business was di posed of, which gave 1\lr. \V. J. C. Brasier the opportunity he had long wished for, viz., to carryon and push forward thc advancement of ambulance work: It seems that at one time in the course of his career the ambulance world nearly lost Mr. Brasier, for he contemplated going on the stage, being wcll known as a first class amateur actor, a fact with which his intimate fri end s who ha\'e had the privilege of hearing him are weil acquainted. He wa s offered all engagement by Mis Sarah Thorne, a lady who has been responsible for the introduction of many prominent actors and actresses of t he present day. Fortunat e" ', however, for us fate ruled otherwise. ]\[r. ~rasier l\'dS also a most en thu siastic \"olulltccr, ",hich will account ft1r hi s wonderful suc(:css in drilling men, and was the first (0 introduce ambulance work into his old regiment, the Ist V.B II The Buffs," East Kent R egiment, to which battalion it may be mentioned Mr. Furley belonged, and who, it will be remembered, commanded the Ashford company. For some years also Mr. Brasier took the grea test interest in fire brigade work, and was second in command of the Borough of Margate Fire Brigade up to the time of his leaving the town, on which occasion he was presented by his comrades with a handsome gold locket and an illuminated address; the governing body of the town also recognised his zeal and good work by conferring upon him th e position of an honorary officer, an hon our of which he isjustly proud. The creation and formation of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, which is one of the important departments of the Order of St. John of J erusalem, are 1O be credited to Mr. Brasier while at Margate, for Mr. Furley was so struck with the benefit and usefulness of the scheme, both to the public and to ambulance pupils , that he at once adopted th e idea, and there is no doubt that it bas been most instrumental in keeping ambulance work to the [ore. The further history of Mr. Brasier is now intimately

connected with the Invalid Transport Corps, and the St. John Ambulance Brigade-is, in fact, identical with the latter. We find that in 1883 he came to St. John's Gate as assistant to Mr Furley, the Hon. Manager to the Invalid Transport Corps. Mr. Furley resigned the position in T 889, and Mr. Brasier was then appointed to take sole charge of the department. It is, however, in the wor~ of the Brigade that ~l.r. Brasier stands out as a pronllnent figure. In 1887 (only eight years ago), the Brigade was first ~tarted as th.e 1st St. John's Gat e Di\-ision, and Mr. BraSIer was appoll1ted Sup erintendent. This, however, was soon. found n~t .to be sufficient for the number of men who WIshed to Jom, and in 1889 the various divisions and the Metropolitan Corps were consolidated as the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and our friend wa made Chief Superintendent, a post which he has since held with dignity and honour. In 1893, Mr. Brasier received the honour of being appointed th e first Hon. S en 'ing Brother of lhe Order of St. John of Jerus::d em as an acknowledgment of the ser, ·ices be has rendered, and in the ame year he was elected the C!lief Ambulan ce Officer of the National Fire Brigades Union. We cannot speak more effecti\'ely of l\fr. Brasier's work in connection with the St. John Ambulance Brigade than by saying th t he is the right man in the right place. That the success-the huge success-of the BriO"ade is due to bi indi\'idual personality, which is felt all ~ver London and also in the pr0vinces, there can be n o manner of doubt. It is not only his intense 10\'e of hard work, but his indefatigable perseverance, and ~is kindnes and urbanity to everyone, that has made hIm so hiO"hly respected and revered (we may say loved) by his comr~des and men. Such geniality as he shows when on parade, in camp, or on duty, is not always to be found in com mandin O" officers H e has learnt obedience, and he expects it (~nd gets it) from all the men under him. H e loves to be called "the Chief," and by such name will he be known by his companions in years to come, long after they have left the Brigade. \Ve cannot conclude this short sketch without mentioning Mrs. Brasier, who is almost a well known in the Brigade as her husband. She was made Lady Superintendent of the St. John's Gate Nursing Division two years' ago, and h:.ls succeeded in getting together and training a most useful body of nurses. Vv c can only hope and trust that it will be many a long year before th e ambulance movement loses the services of Mr. Brasier, for it is due to men of his stamp that such great progress has been made. ---:0:--A RECORD OF A VILLAGE AMBULANCE CLASS.-There was started at Glenfield, a small village near Leicester, in the winter of 1893, a series of lectures on ambulance work by Dr. Blacksley ; Mr. Buckley, chief superintendent of the Leicester Corps, giving practical demonstrations to those who attended these lectures. At the examination in January 18 94, twenty-nine men presented themselves and 26 passed. They continued their practice for the next year, at the same time dealing with cases they met , and in January, 1895, twenty-eight presented themselves for re-examination when all passed, and the work has been gallantly kept up ever since. They had an excellent ambulance display and concert at Easter under the presidency of F . Johnson, junr., Esq., C.C., who spoke most warmly of their wor k, and gathered sufficient funds to provide themselves with a furley stretcher and cover, set of splints, and an emergency box. Amongst the cases they ha ve treated are the following; Fractured forearm j severe cut in hand, eyeball, head and foot; smashed finger and thumb; extracting a crochet needle from lady's thigh; injured elbow j epilepsy fits; bruised leg; split hand; dislocated finger. This for a small village is mo st excellent, and we heartily commend the example to all parts of the COUll try, in the hope that more of our villagef will" go and do likewise."

July, 1895·J

FIRST AID. 'Wbe ~ nnu a[ ~a mp of Ifn~truction. IT is now definitely decided to bold a Camp of Instruction, and as announced in our advertising columns, it will again be pitched on the same site as last year. \Ve deeply regret to learn from the Head Quarters' Staff tbat the sinews of war are not as pliable this year as heretofore, but there is plenty of time between this a nd the 20th for subscriptions to be received, and we trust that we shall be able to announce in our next issue that our readers in response to this appeal, rallied round and subscribed a handsome sum in aid of what is not only a most popular holiday for ambulance men , but also a most instructive one. Arrangements haye been made for cheap fares, and for those who may desire to sleep out of camp special arrangements as to apartments have also been made. The Chief Superintendent makes an earnest appeal to Metropolitan members to support him on this occasion. Owing to the delay that has occurred in obtaining a site, the work is now rendered doubly heavy considering the little time to make preparations in, and it will be a matter of deep regret if the hard worked officials at St. John's Gate should have had all this trouble and anxiety on behalf of but a small number. - - - - :0: - - - - -

jfirst Bib 1Recorb. BATHING ACCIDENT AT WALTON.-A young man, 20 years of age, named Harry Bates, living at Walton-on-the- Taze , sustained serious injury while bathing on Sunday morning, which unfortunately ended in his death, The deceased went for a bathe near the Albion breakwater, and diving into shallow water became immediately helpless. He was taken home on a stretcher, and it was subsequently ascertained that he was suffering from severe concussion of the spine, which resulted in complete paralysis of the lower extremities. Until the deceased was placed under the supervision of Dr. R. M. Smyth, the unfortunate young fellow was attended to by the members of the St. John First Aid Class. B URNLEY LA~E.- On May 26th, whilst some boys were playing, one of them named Robinson fell off a wall fracturing his arm above the wrist Ambulance Captain F. Suthers was called in, who, after applying tempora ry splints and bandages, had him removed to Dr. Watson 's surgery. The boy isnowdoing well. On Saturday,June 2nda very amusing incident occurred to Captain Suthers, who, after rendering first aid to a man who had met with an accident in the street, had to defend himself against another man who wished to knock him down, but who, unfortunately had to go down himself before the Captain. DEWSBURy.-THE VALUE OF FIRST AID.-Supt. Midgley has received a letter from Dr. Mill, of Ossett, in which he states, in reference to the colliery explosion at Gawthorpe, by which six men were severely burnt, that he and Dr. Oates ·were ably assisted by Sergeant Willcoc k and Police-co nstable Groves, of the 'Vest Riding Constabulary, who are members of the St. John Ambulance Association. The writer also says he thought it only fair to compliment Mr. Midgley upon possessing two such valuable officers. Mr. l\lidgley sent a copy of the doctor's letter to the chief constable at Wakefield, informing him at the same time that both officers referred to are the recipients of medallions for ambulance work.-On Thursday night, Captain Despard, of the borough force, highly complimented police-constable Dennison, of the West Riding force, stationed at Saddleworth, for rendering very valuable aid in time of emergency in the Market Place at Dewsbury, the same night, in an accident case. DONCASTER.-On May 31st, a little boy fell down in Kelham Street, Doncaster, and cut the temporal artery. He was attended to by H. Tindall, a member of the G.N.R Plant Works ambulance classes, St. John Ambulance Association, who happened to be on the spot at the time. He applied pad and bandage to stop the bleeding, which was very severe, and dressed the wound in the usual way. READING.-At the King's Road Sunday School treat a boy slipped and fell , breaking his arm. Mrs. Chard, one of the St. John nursing sisters, and G. 'vV. Knight, of the Reading corps, quickly rendered first aid and sent him to the Berkshire hospital. SHREwsBtTRY.-During the past month a few cases have been dealt with, the two following being the most important; On June 12th, a Grammar School boy fell down an open grating, sustaining a wound on the left hip, and wounds on the left leg. IIe was promptly attended to by Mr. F. E. Adams, Chief Supt. of the corps. On June 18th, another boy with a fractured thigh bone was dealt with by Mr. R. Wildblood, a member of the Shrewsbury corps. \VESTGATE-O, -SEA.-\Vhat might have been a very serious accident occUlTed here on 'vVednesday morning last. A coastguard, named Turner, who was returning from Birchington on his bicycle, in going over a stick was thrown under the leading horses of the Canterbury brake, which happened to be passing at the time, the fore wheel going over his right leg. Coastguard Turner, with great presence of mind, drew his left leg up and so sa ved it, the brake being brought to a standstill before the back wheel passed over. The injured man and the bicycle, which was broken, were conveyed home in a fish cart belonging to Mr. ~tewart, fishmonger . U pon examination it was found that no

bones were broken, the leg being severely bruised, besides an abrasion about four inches long. Dr. Pittock, of Margate, was sent for, and pending his arrival, first aid was rendered by Mr. R. Nash, Hon. Sec. of the newly formeci local corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. YORK.-\Vhile passing through Doncaste r on my bicycle, on June J 5th, I had the misfortune to fall from my machine, fracturing my right forearm and receiving incised scalp wound. Luckily for me, the sec. of the Doncaster ambulance corps was close by, and kindly asked permission to do his best for me, which I am glad to say he did; he stopped the bleeding in my head, and then, by the use of a cardboard box, he splintered up my arm. lIe volunteered to take me to his surgeon, but J prderred to go horne, whi ch I did by rail. When I got to York, I went straight to my own doctor, and from what he could see, he deferred interfering with it that night, saying it ,,·as very creditably done. 1, as a first-aider myselt (although I did not inform Mr. Lowrison), t hink it was a great blessing for me to fall into his hand s, and I sha ll be pleaseJ to give him a token of respect for his courteous treatment to me later on.-J. T .

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11tent ~ount.l} Qiountil ~c cbni(al 1ElYucation Qiommittee ~mbul a n(e ~olnpetition. THE Kent County Council have made a step in the right direction in organising competitions in connection with their Technical Education subjects. STONE.- This year ambulance lectures have been taken at this place for the first time, and the success which has attended them is very inspiriting to those who have endeavoured to make them popular. The practice of this team was so effective, and their general efficiency so marked, ! hat they easily vanquished their Surridge opponents, and their mOle sanguine supporters ventured to place them amongst the first three in the final heats. They have, however, been ambitious, and ha ve secured the first prize. What makes the splendid success of the champions so signal is the fact that all, except one, a re recruits. They commenced the subject only last Christmas, and to get to such a high state of proficiency in so short a time speaks well for the intelligence and industry of the team. HERNE_-On Saturday last, this detachment, whi ch competed so successfully at Whitstable on the 7th instant, went to Maidstone for the final competition open to those who attended the lectures given by the Kent County Council in November last, under the Sl. John Ambulance Twenty-eight detachments in the County Association instruction. entered for the co mpetition, and it was found necessary to hold preliminary contests at seven centres to reduce numbers for the fin .• 1. The winning detachment was taken from each centre, and we are pleased to record that our Herne friends took the third prize (a by no mean s uncreditable performance). The work on Saturday took place at the Sessions lIouse, and lasted from II a .m. till 5.30 p.m., consisting of stretcher drills, the application of splints and bandages for various fractures and wounds, treatment of patients presuma bly suffocated by poisonous gases, &c., and fin ally a viva voce examination . \V. J. ChurchBrasier, Esq., Chief Superintendent of the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade, and Hon. Surgeon Milnes Hey, were the judges, and upon the conclusion of the competition, G. M. Arnold, Esq., Chairma n of the Technical Education Committee, presented the prizes and County Council ee l tificates. The following formed the Herne detachment : -Messr~. A. Carey, II. Dilnot, F. Flint, J. Fawcett, and H. A. Vasse (leader).

--------.0:-------PROPOSED AMBULANCE SOCIETIES DEMONSTRATION I N BOLTON. A MEETING in connection with the Bolton Centre of the St. J ohn Ambulance Association was held in S1. Paul's Schools, on Tuesday, for the purpose of organising a demonstration of the different am bulance classes in Bolton and neighbourhood. There were representatives present from tbe Hospital Saturday classes held in connection with the I nfirmary, the Parish Schools, St. Luke's, the I J ulton Collieries, the Co-operative Society, St. Thomas's, the l .ancashire and Yorkshire Railway Co., St. John's (Little Hulton), St. Mark's, St. James's ( ew Bury), and Fletcher Street \Vesleyan. Mr. Jame s Carson presided. After some discussion it was decided that an ambulance demon stration be held (probably on the last Saturday in July), to take the form of a procession through the town, followed by an exhibition of ambulance work, &c., in some field to be secured for the occasion. A sub-committee to make the necessary arrangements was appointed, consisting of Mr s. Smith and Miss Robinson (representing the lady members), a nd Messrs. Carson, Haslam, Porter, Farnworth, and James Bri scoe . It was at first considered desirable that awards should be offered for the best ambulance work done, but seeing that the movement is only as yet in its infancy, it was on further consideration deemed advisable to defer the offering of prizes to another year, the proposa l being to hold the demonstration annually. It is estimated that there are between 3,000 and 4,000 members (one-third of whom are ladies) of ambulan ce societies in this di strict, and all who hold the Sl. John certificates are invited to participate in the demonstration with a view to making it as great a success as possible All necessary in formation as to the demonstration will be willingly furnished by Mr. J ames Briscoe ( Hon. Sec.), B olton Infirmary.

FIRST AID.

$t. 30bn Bmbulance Bssociation. BF-SCOT A'<IJ DrST RICT.-This branch, formed by the railway men of Bescot and Di stri ct, assemhled ill considerahle numhers, with their wives and friends, in the Temperance lIall, for the purpose of hearing the co ncert which had been arranged, givinG a public exhibition of ambulance work, receiving their certificates and badges, and also of making a presentation to their honorary instructor, Mr. G. A, Phillips. A demonstration was given by the team of 16 men, who under the direction of Mr. Kearsley, were the winners of the challenge shield of the society for Birmi ngham and Di strict. The men all wore their medals, and upon the platform the sh ield now held by them was displayed. i\fr. Kearsley explained the vari ous handaging and other operations. The certificates and badges were distributed by Miss Meredith, who was accompan ied on the platform by DI. Phillips. BRAnFORD. - On Saturday, June 28th, the Mayor of Bradford ( ,\lderman \V. vVood) presented to seventy-two members of the Bradford Borough Police Force certificates as first a id members of the St. John Ambubnce Association. Amongst those present were Mr. 'V. E. Booth (deputy-chairman of the Watch Committee), the Chief Constable (Mr. C. J . Paul), and i\[r. \Va Iter Firth (secretary of the police ambuhnce classes). The Ma yor, in presenting the certificates, stated that eightyfive members of the police force presented themselves for the first aid examination, and that go per cent. had passed. He trusted that the mem bers of the force would go forward for the other cenificates offered by the Association. BJ{ISTOL-C ERT IF[CA TF. A)I]) Vf EllA LLTO:'< DISTRIBUTIO)I .-1 n connection wi th the Bri stol Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association the an nu:tl d istri bu tion of certificates and medallion s was made by :\1r. E. B. Hill (f.laster of the Merchant Venturers' Society), on 27th June, in the ;\Ierchant Venturer s' Hall. There was a very large attend~Lnce, over which i\J r. J. T. C. Pope presided in the absence of his brother CMr. George H . Pope, chairma n of the centre) through illness. HASTJ?-IGS A?-If1 ST. LEONARDS. -The annual meeting of this branch was held at the Brassey Institu te on Saturday afternoon, there being a large attendance of members and friends. The Mayor (Alderman 'Veston) presided, in the absence of the lIon T. A. Brassey, who was in Pari s, and the present~tion of medallions and certificates was made by Mrs. Lu cas-S hadwell, in the absence of Lady Idina Brassey, the Presiden t. The i\layo'r was supported by ;\1 r. and Mr s. Lucas-Shadwell, Maj or-General and :\[rs. Sherer, l\Iiss Rowe Lewi s. :\Irs. \Voodruffe, Dr. and Mrs Ylarshall (Hon. Sec.), and Mrs. Harkness. The annual report was first read by Dr. Mu shall. The balance sheet gave the receipts at £8 IS S. 8d., and the expenditure at £79 r6s. 3d , thus leaving a bahnce in hand of £1 9s. 5d. Liabilities were £1 8s. 6d., and assets £2 I 3s . Sd., the balance in favour of the local branch therefore being £19 1+s. IId. The Mayor, who expressed his pleasure at being present, moved the adoption of the report. Personally he did not know much about the t. John Ambulance Association, but wh at he had heard spoken of the work of the .\ ssociation by thooe who had received tuition had been in the highest praise. The report was very satisfactory, and it was gratifying to see the large percentage of passes of the number sent up for examination. The Association ought to be specially valued by those wh o worked on railways, and by the police force of the town. ITe hopellthe inhabitants \\ould support the good work being carried on by the :\ ssociatiull. The report and balance sheet wele adopted. Mr s. Lu cas-Shadwell then proceeded to present I he certificates and medals, express ing her pleasuI·e at being present. . The ,\ ssociatlon was one which claimed interest and sympathy, and oeserved support, and all who h ld p_lssed through the examination knew how useful it W:J.S. (IIear, h ear) . Everyone who auended the cl:J.sses would, she was sure, at some time of the ir lives, feel the greatest gratitude for wlut they had learned. To policemen and railway employes the Association was mo st valuable, and Mrs. Lu cas-S hadwell advised those who had plssed throuah the fir st aid classes to go through the nur sing class; she had learnt even r.lore from the nursing class than from first aid. The instruction was particularly useful to women, aud she felt the greatest gratitude to those who had given her instru ct ion, which was useful to her, li ving so far away from town . Only the other day at the Hall Farm, one of the men cut his hand with a chaff-cu tting machine, ,wd she was able to treat the accident. Maj or-Ge neral Sherer moved a vote of thanks to Mrs. Lucas-Shadwell for her kindness in coming amongst them. She had addre ssed them on the advantages of tuition in first aid and nursing, and he was pleased to bring before their notice one particular in cident that occurred recently. and owing to the valuable tuition received from classes a life wa s saved. General Sherer then detailed the circumstances attending the recent attempted mu rder of a sweetheart at St. Leonard s. [t was the intention of the committee to briflg the good lady's conduct to the notice of the head authority with a view to some special mark of di~tinction being granted to her for her heroism on that occasion. (Loud applause). He mentioned that while attending a class before the occurrence, the lady asked Dr. \lar shall how a person could stop h::cmorrhage from a wound with the finger. She wa s told, and it seemed as though it were a merciful interpositi on of Providen ce that led her to ask the question. Th e lady was one who had received a certificate that day; her name was Miss Uunt !Iolly. (Loud applause).

Dr. Locke seconded, and the motion was carried Mrs. Lucas-Shadwell replied, and the Mayor proposed thanks to the medical gentlemen connected with the Association. They had only to look at the report of the progress of t he year's work for the satisfactory worth of the work. The Chief-Constable seconded, and it was carried. Dr. Higgins replied, and the meeting terminated. CAR)lO[JSTIE.-AMBlJLANCE CLASS.-Last night the members of this very successful class, held under the St. John Ambulance Association in Carnoustie, along with a few friends, met in Mr. Fletcher's hall, Provost :\1'Corquodale presiding. Dr. Thomson gave an interesting description of ambulance work, and the class gave a number of practical The Chairman presented the certificates to the illustrations. successful pupils, numbering about twenty. Mr. James Mackay, stationmaster, gained the third years' badge. The Rev. ;\1r. M'Pherson, F.C., Pan bride, on behalf of the class, presented Dr. Thomson with a handsome set of golf clubs in recognition of his valuable services . Mr. Hamilton, Manager of the Dun dee and Arbroath Joint Railway, was specially thanked for supplying the necessary appliances, and ;\.fr. Fletcher for giving the hall for the -:ourse free of charge. BATTERSEA RrsE. -Successful classes for ladies have recently been held in St. i\1ark's Mission Room by Dr. Edwin Smith. At the first-aid examina tion twenty-one out of twenty-two passed, and in the nursing twelve O.Jt of a possible thirteen were successful. Dr. Heaton Howard and Dr. Jones were the examiners.

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~t. 'wofJn a mbulance H S-foaggcr ~ t i ( k. "

E beg to draw the attention of members of the St. John Ambulance BriGade to the Regulation Cane, designed and issued under authority by;\Iessrs. ~itche ll & r:ooper. Every regiment now possesses its own" swagger stick," and naturally the boys of the "old Brigade" are not to be left behind. \Ve ha\'e had an opportunity of inspecting one of the first produced, and we must compliment these gentlemen on the production of an "off-duty" cane which is creditable alike cO the firm that issued it, and will cel t.ainly lend additional lustre to first -aiders who, after duty, may be anxious to keep t.heir uniform before an admiring and, may we hope, generous British public.

:0:----F AR)lHAM--IT is with the deepest regret. that. we have to announce the death of our much respected :--u perintenden t, ~Ir. John Smither, who died quite suddenly of syncope whilst at tea on Thursday evening, June 20th . The funeral took pbce at the Bourne Churchyard, on Saturday, June 22nd when over thirty members, including the :-:,urgeon to the Corps, :\[r. Herbe'rt Sloma n, the Deputy Superintendent, the Hon. Secretary, and aU the officers followed to show their respect for the deceased, and their sympathy with his wife and family. In addition to the members of the Corps, many tradesmen and a n umber of Oddfellows were also present at t.he churchyard. Among the many wreaths sent was a handsome permanent one, with a .tabl~t he.ad~d with, the ~adge of the Associatiol~, an d bearing the follOWIng lI1scnptlOn :-' A tribute of Iespect t.o theIr Superintendent from the members of the Farnham Centre, St. John Ambulance Association." .i\Tr. Smither, who was +6 years of age, has been one of the most active officers of this centre . IIe held the office of Superintendent s.in ce the fo.rmation of the Corps in 1882, having previously gained hiS ~rst certificate at the course of lectu.res gIven I.n Farnham. His record In the occurence books of the Corps IS a splendid one, and speaks for itself, and sbows what ~ gre~t interest he had in the cause; out. of 350 recorded cases he had aSSIsted 111 no less than 1 0 5.

:0 : - - - - THE BATHING SEASO?-l.-[n view of the unfortun ate fact that deaths from drowninG are generally very numerous during the summer months, the Royal Na~ional Lifeboat In st ituti on have issued, in a convenient form for th e pocket, an illustrated edition of" Directions for Re storing the Apparently Drowned," on the principles adopted for use in the Army, the Navy, the St. John ~mb.ulal:ce ~ssociation, and other organisations. The office of the lJ1stitution IS at q, John Street, Adelphi, W.

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THE committee of the Bradford centre of the St. John Ambulance Association has decided to provide prizes to be competed for annually by first-aiders in the centre, to be awarded in recognition of special skill shQlol' n by ambulance n}en in rendering first aid. The .first prize--:-the Br<ldford Challenge Slueld-Is LO be held for a year, and sil ve:- medallions are to be given to each of the four memiJe.rs of the successful squad. The second prize will be fOUf bronze medaillons.

FIRST AID.

@lttat ~a~tern ~aHb.la» Qrompttition.

E deeply regret that in our account of the Great Eastern Railway Competition no notice was taken of the splendid voluntary service rendered in connection therewith by JIon. -:urgeon Milnes Hey, of the l\Ietropolitan Corps. This gentleman was present at the Divisional Competitions at Norwich, Cambridge, and Stratford (twice), and was only prevented at the final by the fact that he had to be on parade with the Battery Company of the Ist Tower Hamlets Rifle Volunteers in which he is first Lieutenant. Knowing the warm interest that Hon. Surgeon Milnes Hey always takes in matters appertaining to St. John, we deem it only just to make the admission that on this occasion we failed to pay a well-merited compliment to a thorough hard-working and enthusiastic Medical Officer.

- - - - :0:---A CORRESPONDENT has forwarded us the following paragraph, culled from the BirJ:enhead Nt7J.Is, Saturday, 2'2nd June, 1895. vVe publish it ill atenso, in order to give our Birkenhead readers the opportunity, if possible, to refute it in its entirety, or at any rate to offer a thorough explanation of the sarcastic allusion to police first-aiders. \Ve have had occasion before to highly compliment the police, not only of Birkenhead but of other towns, for their splendid sen'ice in connection with first aid work, and the question ari ses in our mind whether the police altogether erred in this matter. Presuming these two constables had locked this unfortunate member up in the first place as being drunk, and it had subsequently transpired he was dead, we can quite anticipate the howl of indignation on the part of such journals as this. DRUNK OR DYI IG (large caps, please Printer.) No doubt the ride on the ambulance restored suspended animation, and why these men should be pilloried because they wear the Ambulance Badge, is a thing we think requires further in\'estigation. \Ve trust the local secretary ..""ill enable us to turn the laugh against the local reporter, who evidently is not in with the police. "A LIVE 'CORPSE: "C URIOUS MISTAKE BY THE POLICE. " AMUSI I G ADVENTU RE. "THE VALUE OF AMBULA;\ICE KNOWLEDGE. " A pol;ceman , like every other human being, is by no means infallible. Notwithstanding his imposing presence he is just as likely to make mistakes as any ordinary person. Indeed, if the tales so f-equentiy put forward by unfortunate prisoners in the Police Court are believed, one might be justified in coming to the conclusion that the representatives of law and order are even more liable to err than the ordinary civil·ian. A large proportion of those unlucky individuals who are haled before the magistrates and fined for drullke!1ness were, if their own story was credited, never drunk at all, in fact had never eyen wet their lips with a drop of the tempting liquor which cheers-and inebriates, but had merely been caught in an innocent state of excitement and worry, or it may be a sudden and altogether mysterious attaC'k of faintness. The latter plea is "ery common, and has often been urged even by the most rohust lello\\'" \\h ose bad luck it was to get into the hands of the law. But fortunately for the poor constables the magistrates as a rule are men of worldly experience, aud ca.n very well weigh up the probability or otherwise of such touching pleas, and the e\'idenC'e of the officer, backed by the observation of the magistrates themseh'es, is generally sufficient to carry in its train a conviction. It is quite true there have been instances where the police have arrested sick perso ns on a charge of drunkenness, the true condition of the prisoners being only di sco vered when the individuals have been lying for some time in the prison cells. At the same time it is also true that the police have occasionally erred on the other side, and experien~ed officers have actually been known to exert themselves considerably, and with sy mpathetic gentleness care for a man found lying helplessly in the street, only to find, after expending' a deal of trouble in hurrying the patient on an e;tsy ambulance to the nearest doctor's surgery, that the only illness from which the object of their solicitude was suffering was that c::tused by an over-indulgence in the flowing bowl. Still, while it may be excusable for the police to occasionally mistake a drunken condition for legitimate illness, it is surely approaching very near to the ridiculous when they in all seriousness take a drunken man off to the mortuary under the impression that he is dead! Yet, such an occurrence happened in this very town so recently as last week. In the wee sma' hours ofthe Sunday niO'ht, somebody carne running up to a couple of stalwart members ofOthe borough police force , with the startling information that an old man was lying dead in ---street, not a hundrLd miles from the docks. The two men in blue-whom, out of charity, we will describe only as P.C. A. and P.C. B.-nobly responded to duty's call, and rapidly made their way to the spot named by their informant. Sure enough there in the shadow on the road way lay an old man \\ ith closed eyes and motionless. One officer remained on gu::.rd over the' corpse' while the other went away for an ambulance. Meanwhile the inspector came along on his rounds, saw the body and let fall a few commiserative o.bservations anent the ,sa~ end of the poor old man. Together they lifted the . lifeless clay, laid It tenderly on the ambulance and trudged on with their gruesome burden to the mortuary. They unlocked the door, lighted the gas inside, placed the winding sheet handy, and then

[July, 1895 .

carried in the body. But imagine their surprise, not to &1.y horror, w?en after they placed it on the cold stone slab, the corpse sat up, looked II1to their faces and placidly remarked, 'Ah, lhat's all ri't now! '-Th e , corpse' was by no means dead, al any rate, no further than dead drunk! It may well be conceived that the feelings of the officers towards the person who had, either intentionally or not, bul certainly very successfully, hoaxed them, were anything but ~riendly .. They refused to allow their' corpse' to walk home, but ha d him straightway removed to the cells and entered as a prisoner on a charge of drunkenness. The next day the' corpse' stood in the dock before the magistrates and was fined 5s. and costs for being found drunk in the streets. Iaturally not a word of their preposterous mistake found its way into the eviden ce the officers tendered in Court. But the funniest part of the whole adventure is the fact that the two constables 'who first found the' dead man' both proudly display upon the left arm of their tunic the St. John Ambulance Association medallion! To err is human, and policemen are but human."

-------- :0:-------The following has been taken from Pearson's lVeek~)'. Amongst firstaiders we know there are many enthusiastic cyclists; we trust that one and all will advise their brother cyclists to abstain from so foolish a practice. As first-aiders we owe a debt of gratitude to Pearsoll's for first calling attention to this dangerous practice :"NOT THE PLACE FOR YOuR BABY. " The dangerous practice of cycl ists carrying children on the fr~nt part of their machines is to be strongly deprecated. It is fraught With the greatest danger to the little ones so placed. But what makes it still more deplorable is that the chief delinquents are fond fathers, wh o are under the impression they are giving their offspring a delightful treat. If the child loses his footing, or iEthe rests give way, hi s little legs will in all likelihood be amputated by the spokes, and his body otherwise mutilated. Cycling is at no time altogether free from peril, and the danger is increased ten-fold when the rider is self-handicapped in the manner referred to. During my cycling career r have had two machines spoilt-in the one case being run into, in the other by a runaway horse going over it. On lhis latter occasion I ju st managed to save my life by dismounting on the off-side . Had a child been riding in front of my bicycle when either of the!Oe accidents occurred, its life would most probably have been sacrificed." BONE SETTING TN CHINA. A weekly contemporary referring to Oriental customs remarks:"Like most things in China, the practice of surgery differs considerably from that in vogue in less enlightened Western countries. Bonesetting in the Celestial empire is a complicated affair, and doubtless much more efficacious than European methods. I n setting a fractured limb the surgeon does notaUempt to bring the bones together, but merely wraps the limb in red clay , inserting some strips of bamboo into the clay. These strips are swarthed in bandages, and in the outer bandage the head of a live chicken is placed . Here comes in the superior science of the Celestial. After t he bandage has been secured, the fowl is beheaded , and the blood is allowed to penetrate the fra cture, for it nourishes the fra ct ured limb, and is ' heap good medicine.'''

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PriJlIied for the PropnetorB b y W. J. GOODlI , 88, Cl8l'k&llwlill Road, and publliih«.Q 'Py Ju,Alf P':";':":;:::1 acd B U ll, at 11, Ludgat t llill, E .C.

FIRST AID • A

JOURNAL

No. 14.-VOL. II.

DEVOTED TO AMBULA N CE "wORK.

[Entn'ed at Stationers' Hall. ]

AUGUST, 1895 .

:f13 revi ties. IN these times of stirring political actlVlty, we cannot help but feel satisfied that all first-aiders and ambulance workers are able to view these political contests which are waged with so much bitterness, more's the pity, with equanimity and without becoming rabid over the result, whatever it may be. Whether the Irish shillelagh will ever become a factor in English politics, and be employed to emphasize an argument, or to make a knotty point more clear we do not know, but if such a mode ot argument should become popular and lead to disturbances at meetings, friendly or otherwise, first-aiders would know that their duty is to attend to the injured irrespective of their political faith.

N ow that the elections are practically over, and the present Government has obtained a majority sufficiently large to keep in office for some years, we si ncerely hope that, as soon as the political effervescence has su bsided , a little time and thought may be giYen to ambulance matters. Perhaps some prominent politician, and there are some connected with the Order of St. John, will take into conslderation the need for an ambulance service for London. \iVhoever is able and willing to bring about this desired reform will be rendering a great benefit to his fellow creatures. \iVhile we are writing the motto "pro utzlzlate h07JZZ1ZUm," rings in our ears, and we trust that an answering echo will be found in the hearts of those responsible for the safety of the public.

IT will be seen on reference to our columns that reviews , demonstrations, and camp of different sections of the St. John Ambulance Brigade have been held lately at various parts of the country, showing the enormous amount of in terest that is being taken in the work. We notice that Lord Knutsford, who has lately accepted a prominent position in the Order of St. John, went down to Blackpool, and helped by his presence and his speech to keep up and accentuate the enthusiasm that is felt in Lancashire . We are surprised to see that so many towns ~n .this great manufacturing country take up the ~ubject, It IS an example that might well be copied by many other COuntries.

PRICE 0 IE PENNY.

~mbu[ an( t iID tmon~tration in 1Lei ( e~ttr. ENCO URAGED by the success which attended their efforts last year the members of the Leicester Centre, St. John Ambulance Association,. this year organised a similar demonstration on a rather more extended scale. The event took place on Saturday, 20th inst., on the Rugby football groJnd, Aylestone-road, which was placed at the disposal of the' Ambulance Association by the Rugby Club committee, the patrons being the Marquis of Granby, Sir Thomas and Lady 'Vright, Sir Israel and Lady Hart, the Mayor and Mayoress (Ald. and Mrs. George· Green), etc. A lengthy programme was arranged, well calculated to demonstrate the utility of a knowledge of ambulance work in all emergen cies, as well as an excellent gymnastic display, and was gonethrough under the superintendence of Chief Superintendent J .l-l. Buckley F. R.A.S., with Transport Supt. J. E. Roper, C.E., Leicester Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and ~1r. F. H. Turner, hon. secretary of the local centre During the afternoon ~elections of music were rendered by the borough poli-:e band, by permission of Mr. T. \V. Lumley, Chief Constable, and' the band of the Corporation gas and. electric lighting department, by permission of Mr. A. Colson , c.E. The weather was not of the most propitious nature, and this materially militated against the attendance, which was consequently much smaller than on the previous occasion . By invitation the following representatives of the St. John Ambulance Brigade from different parts of the kingdom were present: Brigade Chief Supt. Church Brasier, of London' Chief Supts. Perry and Hayman, Northampton; Chief Supt. Woolston' Wellingborough; a nd Cyclist Supt. Alan Palmer, FIRST Aw, London ~ The atte.ndance also included the Chief Constable (Mr. T. W. Lumley) and Supt. Hawkins had cha:ge of an efficient body of police. ' Assembling in T own Hall square at three o'clock, a procession was marshalled in the following order; Police band, Police with ambulance, 'Vorking Men's College with ambulance, Working .wen's Club, gymnasts, cyclists, Syston division with ambulance, Fire Brigade with shield, Gas band, Gas division with ambulance, Great ~ orthern division St . Mary's with ambulance, Town division, Glenfield, Groby, and un~ attache.i classes bringing up the rear. The route taken was Horsefair .s treet, Halford street, Rutland street, Hum berstone gale, Granby street, Belvoir street, and along Vvelford road to the grounds. Supt. KinO' was in command of t.he Working Men's (:ollege section, Supts. Clayto~ and James of the Gas, Sergt. W ard (Volunteer Ambulance) of the Cyclists, and Supt. Ely and Chief Engin : er Law of the Fire BriO'ade whilst Bugler Tustin (Cyclists' Division) gave the calls. When th: pro~ ceedings commenced the rain had ceased, and the atmosphere was fresh and pleasant, the sun's rays struggling through the clouds with which. t~e sky still remained overcast, and the effort!' of those assisting in the display received all the encouragement th>t could be desired in the way of appreciation from those who were present. Combined work by the members of the Leicester corps and connected classes opened the programme. In this some 90 members includinO' Police and ]:<'iremen took part, a.nd their operations were as follows : ~ Dressings on the head, shoulders, chest, and hip; b:llldaging for bleeding from a wound on the temple and in the p:tlm of the hand, under the direction of Chief Superintendent Buckley and Transport Supt. R oper. Thi s was followed by a railway smash, for which metals had been laid down part way across the field. A railway carriage full of cheering passengers, ran along the metals, this came to grief and was soon a complete wreck. The injuries of the travellers being promptly attended to by members of the Gas division. The improvised methods of treating injuries were very well illustrated, and some capitalsplintinO' and slinging was executed with hay bands. '" One of the most interesting items was a gymnastic display by members of the Working Men's Gymnastic Club, led by Mr. CarrinO'ton, which occup ied abol.t half-an-hour, the concerted evolutions and individual performances of the men being greatly admired. The exhibition embraced the maze, horizontal bar performances, fight for the cockade groups on the ladder, and the vaulting horse, and in the fight for th~ cockade opportunity was purposely afforded for the exercise of ambulance knowledge. A detachment of the 1st Volunteer Battalion Leicestershire ReO'iment (by permission of Col. :\1ansergh), under Col.-Sergt. George B~rfield treated the company to a military display, introducing movements of " the attack," as laid down in the aImy regulations. The feature in this, as in all other cases, was the prompt an J busines3-like manner in which the wounded were treated by the ambulance members. In a footba ll match played between Syston and town there was an appallinO' number of accidents, and it must have been a satisfactory reflection t~

FIRST AID.

the fO::Jtball enthusiasts present that they were merely put. on ,for the occasion and that the ordinary game did not present anything ltke the profusi o~ of casualties, or its ~opularity .would be gr~a~ly diminished. Bandages and splints were qUickly applted, and tbe Il1Ju.red removed from the arena with considerable care, a few minutes sufficing to restore .them sufficiently to be able to dispense with these adornme~ts. - A tug-of-war between teams of eight of the borough police and fire briO'ade in which Mr. Fielding-Johnson, Jun., acted as Judge, was 'de~oid ~fany startlinO' incident, although not without interest to the spectators. The struggle was severe while it lasted, which, however, was not long, the guardians of the public peace defeating the protectors of life and property in each trial. As demonstrating the practical benent of a knowledge of ambulance . work in these days when cycling is so gener~l, no part orthe program.me was more convincing than the cl ub run, 111 whlcb about 20 cyclists ap>peared. In the course of t~e run there w.ere thr~e or four falls through skiddinO' and colliding, and It was most interesting to see how after first aid had been rendered the \'ictims were "removed to their homes " comfortably reclining on extern pori 'ed stretchers suspended from t~vo of the machines. The concluding item was a firemen's bootrace in which the competitors' boots were all thrown into two sacks, the men' having to untie the sacks, pick out their own boots, put them on, and run to a certain point. The winners were G. Law, Thomson, and Sharpe. The proceedings t~roughout were enlivened by the ~apital ,-performances of the bands which were of no mean order. The Leicester corps was fortunate in securing such good musicians .. At the close of the proceedings a photograph was t::tken of the Co:nmlttee and VISiting officers and aft:rwards all the officers were entertall1ed bv Chief SupL Buckley, F.R.A.S., some of the visitors remaining until Monday, the guests of the Chief Supt. and Transport Supt. J. E. Roper, C.E.

----:0:-----

1RatIwa~ Btnbulance. THE Netherlands Railway Company has expressed its intention of contrihuting £50 per annum to the St. John Ambulance Ass~ciation, . and has under consideration the matter of conveyance of Sick and wounded from the mines by rail.

August. 1895.

THE" Brigade Chief" was at Leicester, but had to hasten away to the Camp at 'Westgate-on-Sea, almost immediately after the proceedi n gs.

THE reception and kindness shown when visiting the Leicester Fire Station were very cordial.

In the absence of Supt. Ely, Engineer Geo.

Law explained the system employed.

Half the Fire Brigade are

first-aiders.

THE Leicester Police call pltll, and have a capital band and many first-aiders.

THE visitors in uniform, whilst seein.g the" lions," were greeted by some youths as follow s: "They be Russian soldiers."

A VISITING Sergean t was overheard explaining a P assion flower, anc.l in doing 50, saying, "These are the twelve Disciples, and these the seventy Apostles."

THEY have a good service of litters at Leicester, 'placed 111 vflrious parts of the borough, available day and night.

*' "<*'

-------:0 : --------

RATHER a cunous sight was wi tnessed at a display recently.

1Rotes.

litter was brought to remove an injured person, the stretcher was not

By "TOUR

IQUET."

I AM glad to see the portrait of Surgeon-Major Hutton in this month's Journal. "The Maj or's" life in recent years has been so interwoven with our work that he may justly be called the Grand Old l\Jan in the Ambulance world.

BY-THE-BYE bow was it, I wonder, that he did not put in an appearance at the annual grand parade at Northampton?

HE was missed, I know, for the good old town was one of the towns -which first gave proof of his stirring eloquence, and they entertain a very kindly feeling for" the Major" in the town for boots.

lifted from the litter, but the patient was lifted over the wheel on to the stretcher!

\VITH reference to the" Swagger Stick "of the St. J ohn ,\mb ula.nce Brigade noticed last month. there is another little detail connected with that uniform whi ch is worth mentioning. I mean the silver lace worn round the caps of the officers. It is not generally known that this is "St. John's \Vor t," worked in silver, and is an extremely pretty design. I am informed that the design is registered and can only be obtained from Messrs. Hess & Son through the Headquarters.

THE. Camp at 'W estgate has only just begun as I write, but I believe that it is a success though the members are not so great as last year. Perhaps quality makes up for quantity.

--------:0:--------THERE is no doubt that in Dr. Jones he found a most earnest disciple, and it is greatly due to this gentleman that the seed so well sown has under his careful guidance thriven so well.

THE demonstration at Leicester deserved better weather. It was a big show, and, considering the wet state of the ground and the showery afternoon, was patronised by a goodly audience.

*'*'*'

CHIEF SUPT. J. H. BUCKLEY, Transport Supt. J. E. Roper, and the officers of the Leicester centre and corps, are to be congratulated on the entertainment provided. The hospitality shown to visitors by the «ficers named will long be remembered.

FIRST

August. r895· J

ilBriU @ri:J£t~, VOLUNTEER AMBULANCE SCHOOL OF INSTRUCTION , Presz'dent-Major Andrew Maclure, V.D. The next class for the training of regimental stretcher bearers will be held at the head-quarters of the London Rifle Brigade, 130, Bunhill Row, E.C., by permission of Colonel H. C. Cholmondeley commandin~, and will commence at 7.30 p.m., on Monday, September 30th. Application forms can be obtained at 7, St. Benet Place, Gracechurch Street, E.C., or of Colour-Sergt. C. J. Downer, L.S.R.V., Fairfield, Willesden, N.W. (By order). H. F. STOKES, Surgeon-Major, A.M.R., ~enior Medical Officer Instructor.

--------:0:------CAPT. A. G. FROUD, R.N.R ., says that" the desire to acquire Ambulance knowledge is growing amongst commanders and officers of vessels." We are pleased to note this.

11tdllari:J~

for )5rabetJ}.

ON July 8th, at MarlbJrough House, His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, Grand Prior of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jeru salem in England, who was accompanied by His Royal Highness the Duke of York (Sub-Prior), and His Royal Highness Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, ana attended by Sir Franci s Knollys, KC.M.G., C.B, pre~ented the medal s for acts of gallantry in saving life on land, which have been awarded by the Order during the past year, to the following, all of whom exhibited great bravery at imminent risk to their own lives. A silver medal was awarded in each case to J oh n vVatts, manager, Audley Colliery, and William Dodd, under-manager, Audley Colliery, for gallantry displayed on January 14th, 1895, in rescuing, and endeavouring to rescue, with great risk to themselves, miners who were in danger of lo~ing their lives at Audley Colliery, Staffordshire, through the irruption into the mine of a large volume of water, which prevented their esca pe, and subjected them to great danger from suffocation by gases. A bronze medal was awarded in each case to 'William Mugford and William Raymond (employes of the Cor poration of Torquay) for rescuing, and endeavouring to rescue, some workmen who had been overtaken while at work in the main sewer at Torquay by a sudden flood, caused by a violent thunderstorm, on Octo he r 20th, r894. John Boulton (miner, Audley Colliery) was also awarded a bronze medal for gallant conduct on the occasion of the accident at Audley Colliery on Janu ary qth, 1895, in assist ing to recue miners imprisoned in the mine through the irruption of water. A certificate of honour was awarded in each ca~e to John William Robinson and Samuel \Yilkinson (railway porters, Stockton-on -Tees) for gallantly saving the life of a woman at Stockton Railway Station on September Ilth, 189+. A woman named Isabella Bury, who was standing on the edge of the platform, fell on to the line just as a train and a light engine were approaching the station on two adjoining lines. These two porters at once jumped on to the li ne, succeeded in getting Isabella Bury on to the six-foot way, and held her there until the train and engine had passed on either side . .lames Johnson (engine driver, ~Ies sr5. G. H . Nicholson and Son's T an 'W orks, Ipswich) was also awarded a certificate of honour [or gallant conduct anc.l presence of mimI at a fire which occurred on Oct. 20th, 189+, at the tan works of Messrs. G. II. Xicholson and ~on. An engine on the premises had steam up, and the house in which it stood being on fire its safety val\'es became blocked by falling debris, thus rendering an explosion of the boiler, by which many of the firemen at work must h,we been injured or lost their live~, imminent. Seeing the danger, Johnson proceeded into the engine house and released the steam, heing himself in great dan O'er of being killec.l e.ither by an explosion of t he boiler or by the iron plates whi ch were blling from the .roof above. George Frost (waggoner, Audley Colltery), a lad of SIXteen, who acted with great bravery in going to \\';trI1 men of their (bnger on t he occasion of the irruption of water into the mine at Auc.lley on Jan. q, 1895 was also awarded a certificate of honour. ' The cel emony of presentation took place in the sa loon at Marlborouah House, anc.l His Royal Highness personally presented each medal a~d certificate to the recipients. These were ha nded to the Grand Prior by Sir Albert W. W? o.ds (the Director-General of Ceremonies), after the name of each reCI plent had been announced by the Earl of Lathom (Chancellor of the Order), and a brief sun'mal y of the sef\' i ce~ for whi ch they. were awarded had been read by Captain Sir Alfred Jephson, R.~. (Secretary-General)

:0: - - - - -

~tnbtl[an(c mi~pla)l at ~ortbalnpton. TIlE NORTHAl\fPTO;"l" CE.NTRE. THE annllal grand parade and official inspection of the members of the Nort hampton Ce~tre of t.he St. John Ambulance Association was very successfully held 1Il beautiful \\'~ather on Saturday afternoon, J lily 6th, in the charmlllg grounds surround1I1g the Northampton General Infirmary. Ther e was a ll1u~ter of some 130 men from Xorthampton, Earl' s Barton, P.aulerspury, Kmgsthorpe, Duston, Roade, and IIarieston and the lhsplay in whicl1 the large and fashionable company present~including Mr. A. C. G. Drucker, one of the Consen-ative candidates for Northampton-took great interest, was of a most creditable description. The men assembled ll1 the Grammar School yard, and marched in p:'ocession, headed by the Ambul::t.nce (Te mperance Sih'er) Band, under Mr, Joseph Rog;ers, to .the Infirmary, where they formed up inlo sections and saluted the 111spectmg officer (Colonel Thacker:ty, C.B., V.C., R.E.), who arrived on t~e ground a few minutes past [our. The officers of the corps taking part In the para~e were: .Dr. A. H. Jone s, the eneJgetic hon . secretary of t.he centr~, ChIef Supenntendent Perry,Chief Superin tendenl II ayman, Dnll Supermtendent Trenery, Superintendent of Stores C. F. Olney, S;.tpC;f1ntendent Th or pe,. Assistant Secretary II. C. Fracey, &c. The vlsltmg officers were Bngade Chief Superintendent Brasier of London Chief Superin tend ent Buckley, and Transport Superinten~lel1L Roper:

AID.

of the Leicester Corps, and Chief Superintendent '''''oolston, of the'

Wellingborough Corps. Almost immediately on arriving, Colonel Thackeray inspected the men and their material and afterwards briefly addressed them, pointing out the exceeding value of ambulance work, as evidenced at the recent Royal Agricultural Show at Darlington. He was glad to see so many men assembled, and expressed himself fully satisfied with their appearance and their material, alluding with especial gratification to the large increase in the number of men before him in uniform. Chief Officer Perry, Chief Superintel1'ient Hayman, and Superintendent Trenery respecti "ely then put the men through various movements, including bandaging drill, manual carrying drill, and stretcher drill. Tn the latter, a capital appliance (locally invented, we believe,) for fixing two cycles together in order to carry a man on a stretcher between them, was used, and elicited universal admiration . All the movements were gone through with praise\\'orthy Japidityand efficiency, an d the concluding mOI'ement, the march past Colonel Thackeray, was well and smartly performed. ,\fterwards the men were drawn up before Colonel Thackeray, who presentea \'ellum nursi ng certifiC<'ltes and medallions to those who had passed examinations. At the conclusion, the Rev. A. J. Miller, rector of \\Tootton, proposed a hearty vote of thanks to Colonel Thackeray, to the medical officers, superintendents, and staff for their assiduous work in promoting the efficiency and the good of the corps; and to the men themselves for the very excellent performance the:' had giv"!n, ana for the way in which they had shown how efficiently the injured could be treated by them. (Applause). Captain Wallace, of the :\orthampton Depot, in seconding, paid his tribute to the beneficial and exceedingly usefu l character of the ambulance work. The vote of thanks was very heartily carried, and Colonel Thackeray, in response, olJsen'ed that he was very pleased with the way in which the men had acquitted themseil'es during the afternoon, especially 111 the march past. It showed that the training they h ld received had been very carefully given. (:\pplause). Dr. Jones, replying on behalf of himself and his brother officers, and the medical staff of the corps, thanked the company for the compliment which, by their large attendance, they had paid the corps. and rearetted that some of their best friends were unavoidably absent. In the evening the annual supper was held in the Luge IIall of the ;"l"orthampton Town Hall. Chief Officer Perry presided o\'er a company of about qo, and was supported by the officers abo\'e mentioned, and, in addition, Rey. J. IV. Ashton and ~Ir. \1'. H. Kennedy. The report of the year's work ot the centre is an encouraging one. I t states that the long felt want of some knowledge in relation to bed-making, ventilation, and the hygiene of th e sick-room by the members who have takcn part in the invalid transport service, has led Dr. A. H. Jones Lo hold a course of lectures for the memcerb of the corps. Of the first aid rendered by the members of the corps in :\olthampton it is difficult to speak, says the report, for the modesty of the actors in this field pre\'ents the loc.al honorary secretaI') hearing of many of them. They have, however, been +0 cases reported, and the police hal'e had 83 cases. Notwithstanding the vigilance of the police and the other members of the corps, ten fractures of the thigh or leO', which should certainly have been remo\'ed on proper appliances, found their way to the Infirmary without proper assistance. This can only be remedied by a complete re-arrangement of the present stations, and the adoption oi various means already planned, but failll1g of execution owing to the lack of funds. The transport sen-ice had been called into requisition +6 times. Thirteen of the journeys ha\'e been into the country and 32 in the town . The ambulance wagon was in use 3~, and the litter 1+ times, while more th,tn 200 miles ha\'e been tr:t\-ersec.l . The work had further enlisted the services of q9 men, n.lmely, ::!3 chief officers, 77 sergeants, and +9 pri,'ate~. The report concluup.s by rec;tpitulating the various e\'ents in connection with ambulance work in the Centre ~pecial allusion being made to the first allnual conferenc"! of ambulanc~ officers from all over the country, held at X orthampton in :\farch 011 Sunday afternoon a Ch urch parade of the members of the Ambulance Corp~ took place at All Saints' Church, a sermon being preached by the Rev Canon Bury, and a collection taken in aid of the funds of the l\' orthampton In firmar),. ---------: 0: ---------

READING.-On the qth July, Julian Vede fell from the horizontal bar in the Palmer Park and fractured his right forearm, breaking both bones, first aid was promptly rendered by Park Comtable Shackleford (a member of the local corps), who took the lad to the Berkshire hospital, where the necessary attention bein g gi\"en he is now progressing fayourably. DARLI:\'GTO:-1. - The following resolution, passed at a meeting of the Council of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, ha s been forwarded to the committee of the St. John Ambulance Association: "That the best thanks of the, ociety are due, and are hereby tendered, to the St. John Ambulance Association for the promptitude and efficiency wi tl: which the officials of the Association treated the unfortunate victims of the storm on \Vednesday, and the numerous cases of illness caused by the excessil'e heat, as well as for the ambulance arrangements in the show-yard generally." lor cases were treated by t he staff at the Ambulance Station during the week.

IMPORTANT NOTICE. We beg to give notice that this Journal will in future be published on the Jst of the month. In order to meet the requirements of the trade, it must be actually published by the 25th or 26th, so we must ask all our .correspondents to send in their contributions by the 22nd at the latest.

TO ADVERTISERS. As no paper at the present day can exist. without Advertisements, we beg to draw the a~tention of Advertisers to this Journal. It has been in existence for 12 -months, has a steadily increasing circulation, and is the only Journal cf its kind circulating amongst first.aiders in all parts of the world, and is read by thousands every month. These are fdctS worth knowing and digesting

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR 12 months, IS. 6d., post free, to be sen t to the Publishers, Alan Palmer & Reed, IT, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-' ARTERY, LONDON."

FIRST AID. A UGUST I, 1895.

THE rep ort of this Association which has recently been issued possesses a good many points which are well worth the perusal of all those who are inteASSOCIATIO~. rested in ambulance work. In the first place we must congratulate the Association upon its continued success. We notice that the certificates issued for the Session 1893-1894 amount to 29,203, consisting of I7,564 First Aid males, 8,146 First Aid females, and 3,493 Nursing-this grand total has only once been surpassed, and that was in the Session of 1892-1893. This, without .doubt, reflects great credit on the teaching staff of the Association, showing the immense amount of work that has been done by the medical profession, by which the community at large benefits to an enormous extent. The r eport says that the great feature of the year's work has been the large number of classes held in connectiun with the Technical Instruction Committees of the County Councils. These classes have been held in almost every county, and one (Northumberland) is given .as an example. We notice in the figures given that out ()f 1,042 candidates examined in this county 1,037 passed; '99 ' 5 per cent. seems to us a very high average of passes; whether it is due to the extraordinary efficiency shown by the candidates or to the leniency of the examiners we ·do not know- we hope the former, for it is a great mistake to make the standard too low. The ambulance stations at the various agricultural shows have been of great assistance, r endering first aid in numbers of cases. Some very useful statistics are given concerning accidents on railways. During the nine months ending September the total figures of accidents in the course of public traffic were--810 killed, and 2,959 injured; and accidents occurring on the companies' premises, but not in the course of public traffic or concerned with the movement of vehicles, caused the deaths of 56 persons and injuries to 3,573 persons. We commend these figures to REPORT OF ST. JOH~ AMBULANCE

the notice of our readers, showing as they do the ne~es sity-the absolute necessity-of ambulance work belllg taken up by the railway companies to a much greater extent than it has hitherto been. We observe that no figures are given to show the number of .cases in which first aid was rendered' if these could be gIven they would be exceedino-Iy interesting. W e admit that the i~1terest in ambulan~e work is increasing amongst the Irailways, but a railway ambulance service fic. t.o co pe with a bjg accident in which many people are l11Jured has yet to be organised. ., . A considerable stress IS laId upon the Importance of a knowledo-e of fir t ajd to that portion of the population who are ~no-ao-ed in mining operations. Last year the deaths nun~h:red 1,056, and the accidents 847. It is curious to note that it is only in this class of cases that the deaths outnumber the injuries, a fact being due, of course t'J th e fatalities from choke-damp. The' work goes on apace in the Colonies. T~ere js a strong body in South Africa, p~rticulars of. whIch were o-iven in these columns a short tIme back. SIr V. Kennett Barrington reports from Brazil of the. gre~t s~ri~~s .the movement has made in that country smce Its l11ItlatlOn. At St. Paul's Ambulance Station, where only a wheeled litter is kept with one man in charge, we s~e ~hat 36 5 cases were treated since the last report. ThIS lIttle bct of itself shows the need there is of an ambulance service in London , for if this small station with its limited means . . and accommodation can treat that number of cases, It IS readily seen that slations placed at selected sites, with a proper equipment, would haye thousands-nay, tens of thousands-of cases to deal with in the course of a year. It is e';ident from looking at the report that ambulance work is increasing in every direction, and although no particularly striking fact is brought out, :>:et the. inc:ease is steady and shows every prospect of bemg malO tamed. The sf. John Ambulance Association has done, and is doino- a noble and admirable work, which deserves recognition from every class of society, and when we see members of the Order of St. John expending time, labour and energy in furthering the good cause,. we feel ~hat it is in good hands, and that the progress Will be contmued. ---:0:---

$t. 30bn s IDa~. t

0" St. John the Baptist's Day, the members and honorary associates of the Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England, of which Her Majesty is the sovereign hea~ and patron, and His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales Grand Pnor, met together for their annual festival. After the celebration of the Communion at IO.IS a.m., a service was held in St. Jo~n's Church, Clerkenwell,. b.uilt on the site of the Church of the old Pnory of the Order, the ongmal crypt belonging to which. still remain., and. was last year restored and lighted th rough the mUl11ficence of the late Slr Edmund A. H. Lechmere, Ban., M.P., a distinguished member of the Order. The service was conducted by the Rev. Thomas W. Wood, a chaplain of the Order, and rector of St. John 's, assiskd by the Right Rev. the Bishop of Gibraltar, the Rev. Canon Whittington, M.A., the Rev. Paul W. Wyatt, M.A., the Rev. Sir Borrodaile Savory, Bart., M.A., the Rev. Edgar Sheppard, M.A., and the Rev. Canon Teignmouth Shore, M.A., .all chaplains of the Order, the latter ?f whom preached the sermon, takl.ng as his text St. Matthew, chapter XI., verse 7. After the commemoratlon service the members present inspected the crypt, and in the afternoon, by permission of the Rev. Canon Elwyn, Master of the Charterhouse, the general assembly of the Order was held in that historical building, the Earl of Lathom, G.C.B. (Chancellor of the Order), presiding. Reports having been read on the work of the Order and its various departments, including the British Ophthalmic Hospital at Jerusalem, and the St. John Ambulance Association, a demonstration of ambulance work was given in the grounds of the Charterhouse by members of the Metropolitan Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, under the direction of the Commissioner, Colonel E. T. Thackeray, R.E., C.B., V.C., exemplifying in a very marked manner the great utility of the tra!ning received by its members. I n the evening the confreres and ladles of the Order dined together at the Imperial Institute.

F ·IRST AID.

[August, 1895.

FIRST ' AID.

~ur

!portrait ~alIer~.

SURGEON-MAJOR

HUTTON.

SURGEON-MAJOR GEORGE ALLAN HUTTON was born in 1830 ; son of a well known and highly respected citizen of Newcastle-on· Tyne. His mother was Barbara Bowes, who losing her father in early life, was brought up by her uncle, the late Mr. Edward Grace, of Dinnington, Northumberland. Mr. Hutton was educated under the care of the Rev. J ames Blyth, of Greenville, near W ooller, Northumberland' and in 1849 became pupil of the late Professor George Yeoman Heath, the leading consulting - --Surgeon of Newcastle-on-Tyne and President of the U ni\-ersity of Durham College. of Medicin e. During his pupilage he was dre ser and clinical clerk at the Newcastle Royal Infirmary. In 1833 he had charge of a considerable djstrict during the eyere epidemic of cholera at Newcastle-on-Tyne. He entered the Army as A ssistant Surgeon in 183 +, and went out to South Africa, where he served until 1858. During this time he was on the personal staff of General Sir James Jackson, G.eB., Commander of the Forces at the Cape of Good Hope. Returned home in 18.5 , and served on home stations in England, Scotland and Ireland until December, 1861, when he went out to Canada on special duty in the Trent expedition. Returned home in 1862, and for some time served at Windsor with the 1st Life Guards. He then joined th e 60th King's Royal Rifles, and served with the regiment until be was promoted in 1866. Was one of the Commissioners appointed by the Home Governent to inqujre into the se\'ere epidemic of yellow fever '111 Demerara l1l 1866 j among the other five Commissioners were General Sir Charles Arbuthnot and General -Augustus Murray. On returnjng home from the West Indies he acted as Principal Medical Officer at Colchester for a short time, and then was appointed Surgeon-Major . of the Rifl e Brigade (the Prince Consort's Own) in which distinguished regiment he served until he retired in 18 74. Mr. Hutton resides at Leamington, Warwickshire wh ere he is a magistrate. His name is well knowl~ throughout the country as one of the oldest members of the Medir;al Staff, and as Organising Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Association, which owes a deep , debt of gratitude for his zealous and indefatio-able exer. b tlOns, often at considerable personal labour and cost, to further and extend one of the most successful and useful humanitarian movements of modern times. To do full justice to Surgeon-Major Hutton's career more especially that devoted to his connection with th~ ambulance movement, would require greater space than "we have at o~r ~omm~nd i suffice it to say he has by his . zeal and aSSIdUIty, his londly and courteous bearing,

made a hOit of friends amongst first-aiders in all conditions of life, indeed his name may be regarded as a hou sehold word in many of the Northern Centres. That he may long be spared to take an interest in the work he loves so well, and which owes so much to his fervid eloquence, is a wish that will be endorsed by one and all of our readers. :0:----

Dropo~eb' !Lonb'on ~mbulan(£ ~£rbi(£. To THE EDITOR OF FIRST AID. SIR,-I have been exceedingly pleased to read your series of articles on this subject. In my opinion it is high time that the authorities did something in the way of providing an ambulance seryice for London. As a medical practitioner living in a busy thoroughfare, I can bear testimony to its urgent need. Within a short time I have known of three accidents happening close to my house, and although the poliG:e ambulance is within twelve minutes' walk, an interval of over thirty minutes has elapsed before the arrival of the ambulance. In some cases to my knowledge it has been nearly an hour before the litter has arrived. There is another point, also, I should like to bring before your notice, and that is the peculiar position that we doctors stand in as regards the police . If we happen to see an accident and attend to it immediately, or if we are called by one of the public, the Inspector on duty will not pay the usual fee, but if the police constable is obliged to send for a doctor the fee is paid, a strange distinction, for the attention is the same. 1 only m ention it to show that it would be much better if there were a proper ambulance sen'ice to take charge of street accidents. I do not think that doctors as a rule care about looking after them, or at least there would be no objection on their part to an ambulance service. The advantages to the public would be enormous, proper attention in the course of a few minutes, and speedy and safe removal to a hospitaL Hoping, Sir, that you will be successful in your endeavours.-I am, yours truly, A GE~ERAL PRACTITIO:\ER. .- - - -:0:---

~mbu[an(t

mmorli in 1Jictoria.

THE anl1l.al presentation of the medallions and certificates gained by the pupils of the St. J oh n Ambulance Associati on, Victoria Centre, during the year ending 30th April, took place at the TOlVn Hall. Dr. Gresswell, Ghairman of the Board of Health, presided over a crowded attendance. The Chairman was supported by his Excellency the Acting Governor (Sir John Madden ), the illayor of :'IIelbourne (Dr. Snowden), a nd several prominent members of the medical professi.on. Prior to the commencement of the proceedings Mr. Chas. Sykes, organist of St. Patrick's Cathedral, played the" March of the I sraeli tes" on the organ. The Chairman, in opening the proceedings, said this was the close of the 12th year of the work of the Association . The co uncil took that opportunity of showing to the publi c at large what kind of work the Association was engaged in. Sir John Madden , lhe Acting-Governor, in addressing the aud ience, said there co uld be no two opinions regarding the good work accomplished and taught by the Association. There could be no doubt as to the value of such matters as first a id, and the elements of surgical knowledge imparted by the Association. Apart from tbe value of being able to treat injured people the course of instructions passed through by the pupils gave them great coolness and courage in the face of danger. He did not often get an opportunity of expressing himself on public questions. As a rule he had to go through this world with bis mouth shut, a nd that was a thing they could guess he did not ~ike. (Laughter). It would be an alarming mattH for a great many people to have observed, and he regretted it himself, that one of the first departments singled out for retrenchment was the Hoolth department. Of all unwisdom that could befall the people of the colony that was certainly the most unwise proceeding, because this was an institution which was gradually and

FIRST

. painfully introduced into Victoria . When established it set itself to do its work admirably. The colony for t una tely had obtained the services of a gen~leman (~r. Gresswell), w~os: energy was only surpassed by his extraordmary attamments as a hygIeni c medica l man. The Doctor had moreover, adopted a valu~ble system of health ,Principles in the colony: and yet one of the fir st things demanded, espeCially by the county shires, was that the health department should be retrenc.hed considerably if not. out. of existence .. They w:re told that t he defence force ought td be matnta tned because It wa s an m suran ce and a very valuable insurance against fire and war. The health depa;tment was an insura nce again st deat? , and surely there was greater reason why it should be mainta ined efficIently. They must all have observed what a O'reat reduction there had been in the death rate of the colony in conne~tion with preventible diseases during the past few years, .and .he hoped, therefore, that further retrenchments would not be made tn thIS department to the detriment of its efficacy. (Applause). Var!ous illustrations. of the work of the Association ann competitions for prtzes were then gIven. The women pupils of the Associati on working in pai rs, competed in bandag:ing and dressing the wounded; some boys from the Gra mmar School Illustrated the restoration of the apparently drowned by Dr. Sylvester's method' and the men from the railway employes and police force sub-centres ' in squads of five each compe~e~ i~ carrying the wO~t;ded and the 'subsequent treatment of severe tnJunes. Th:se compe~ltlons were carried out with great·efficiency and were watched wIth much tntere st by the audience. The proceedings closed with votes of thanks to his IExcellency and the chairman. - - - - :0:- - - -

$t. 30hn Bmbulance Bssociation. MANNINGHA;lI .-On the roth inst., the St. John Ambulance l\Jen 's Class held their last meeting for the season, when certificates were presented to the successfu l students of the class by Sir Henry Mitchell, who expressed the hope that the knowledO'e which those who had attended .the class had gain ed would be usef~l in fut ure years should opportunttles turn up for its exercise. 'Whilst we miO'ht differ on some points, we could all agree about this good and ~seful work, which deserved the best sympathies of all classes of people. He had personally come across several cases where the knowledO'e O'ained by attendinO' these ambulance classes had been of the QT~ate~t use in alleviatin~ sufferi ng, and, in some cases, saving the li~es of others; he also very strongly recommende.d everybody to join these classes. On behalf of the class, Mr. Jo~n Gdl, the secretary, tendered to Dr. Kerr their best thanks for the kmdness he had shown and the interest he had taken in t~e work of instructing them. He had very great pleasure in asking hl.m to accept an umbrella specially made for him silver mounted and wIth a suitabl~ inscrip~ion upon it . He was very grateful to Dr. 'Kerr for the very k\l1d way tn which he had come forward two years ago. The. members. of the class felt that they owed him a great debt of gratItude for hI S work. Dr. Kerr, in thanking the members, said he was pleased to learn that every member of the class who had offered himself for examination had passed. This had been brouO'ht about in a great measure by the untiring e.fforts o~ thei.r hard-working secretary. PETERSFIELD.-A class for 111structlOn 111 first a id was held at Petersfi.eld, attended by twenty pupils, sixteen of whom were examined on Apnl 16th, by Fleet-Surgeon VV-oods, RN ., when fifteen passed. On May 29t~, twelve members of the Petersfield Corps, St. John Ambulance Bngade, presented themselves for their first re-examination and nine for their final re-examination, when all passed. Dr. H. M~ Brownfield M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., was the examiner. Three cases have been reported during the past .month. A fr actured forearm, a scalp wound, and a punctured wound 111 the hand all of which were attended to by members of the brigade. ' PORTSMOl·TH.-Considerable enthusiasm was evinced a.t the Portsmouth. Town IIall! on the occasion of the annual presentation of medalltons and certIficates to the members of the Portsmouth centre for renderi~g first, aid to ~he wound~d an.d for nur.sing. The Mayo; (~r. T . Kmg), "ho occupIed the chaIr, saId he conSIdered the AssociatIOn one of the most deserving of public institutions. Great progress h ad already been m.ad~, but the Hon. Secretary was anxious to extend th.e benefits of the Soc~e~y, and they would be glad of the assistance of {fiends towards ,obta111tng the requisite funds. The Hon. Evelyn Ashley,. nIaJor :'\ ugent, Dr. Pearse, and the lIon. Secretary (Colonel de. Salts) also. gave short addresses, it being explained that the bbJect of the ?oclety was to preven: mischief being done in the streets when ever aCCIdents happen.ed. as without proper knowledO'e more harm t~an go~d was .done by trying to assist. .The Secretary added that they \\ anted, If pOSSIble, to. extend the ~lasses 111tO the narrow thoroughfares of the. ,town . T?e prtzes and certIficates were presented by ::\Irs. Davis, the WIfe of the General Commanding, to whom an award of thanks was presented on the .proposal of Dr. C. Knott, and the Mayor responded. Among the certIficates we.re those as honorary life members to Dr. Burford N01~man, Dr. DarvIll~ Brook, Fleet-Surgeon R. Turner, R.N., Mr. C. H. :\ t:\\'by, and '\Ir. E . II. Sal!. A good programme of items was presented by the i\Iasque Mtnstrels, and organ recitals were given by Mr. J. II. Cowan.

AID.

[August, 1895 .

jfirst Bib lRecorb. C:rELMSFORD.-On Thursday, June 27th, a workman at the engineenn.g works of Messr~ ..Compton & Co. , Ltd., had a finger cut off in a stamptng press. The 111Jured ha nd was temporarily dressed by Mr. W . P . WhItehead, one of the firm' s draug htsmen. On the Saturday following an?th~r accident occurred at the same works. A dynamo bed p.late welghtng about a ton slipped on to a workman's foot, severely crushing h IS toes. The foot was dressed and bandaO'ed by Mr. Whitehead and the inj ured ma n was taken to the C helmsford'" Infirmary. ' CREWE. - This corps, though still in its infancy, has already commenced to do useful work. Though on ly having a brief existence of about two month s, we are able to report some <Il.ses in which first a id has been suc.cessfully rendered. On June 8th, Private J . F. Collins reported hav1l1g been called upon to render first aid to Misses Penrice and Carver, assistants in the refreshment department of the London and N orth'Vestern Railway. The injuri es were only slig ht; in the first ca:le the thumb had been badly cut by a rusty corkscrew and the last named person had similarly injured her forefinger.-O n Saturday, June I5th, the Crewe Alexandra Cl ub h eld their athletic festival the compet itors com prising. some of the best athletes of the day. Sp~cial effort was made by Supenntendent C?ldham a nd J. A. Jenkins, secretary, for a detac~ment o~ the corps to be.1I1 atten~ance on the field. The sports ~o~mlt~ee ultlluately gave theIr permISSIOn though somewhat reluctantly, 111tlmatlng tha t we should be more for ornament than for practical use. "W hether such was the c~s~ the following record will perhaps demonstrate: The. detach~ent, conslst111g of 2nd officer Manley, Privates Withoff JervIs, Colltns, M uskelt, and vVilliams in charge of Superin tenuent Oldham , .assembled at the ambulance tent at 2. I5 p .m. Three priv3.tes were statIOned at the extreme end of the course in charO'e of Officer Manley,. and Mr. W. J. Hill, I nspector of Stores, was left in charge of tent; thI S latter gentleman deserves.to be highly complimented for the careful and yet energetl.c manner 111 which he performed his duties. Seven cases were dealt WIth 111 all and included inj ury to leO' by bicycle pedal, fl.esh being .torn off some t\yo inches, atte!1ded to by In~pector Hill and Pnv.ate 001l1l1s. Three bIcycles collld1l10' caused a somewhat nasty aCCIdent, each of the riders requirinO' assist~nce' the most serious was that of Wild, whose side had been caught by the peda.l of a bicycle a~d thus bad ly cut, he be1l1g assis~ed to the tent by Officer .\lanley, V\~o d.re.sse.d th e wound . The remamder of the case~ consisted of superficlalmJ~fles. The corps was highly comfllimented by the local press. -S.upenn tendent Oldham who was staymg at Hazel Goode, reports havmg been s~ddenlyc~lledat7.3.oa.m ~n Monday, June :qth, to proceed to R owbottom s Ha.t MIll H.e ImmedIately ran, without coat or "est (the messenger statmg the aCCIdent to be serious), to the mill a distance of about two hundred yards, and found Charles Marsland, aged 13, of L on~on Road, Hazel Goo~e, WIth ~he fingers of his left hand terribly manbled, he hav1l1g had hIS ~and 111. some cog wheels. Superintendent Oldham, rendered every pOSSIble aSSIstance, and along with one of the employes c~)\1veyed the l.J.u over three miles to Stockport Infirmary where all hIS. fingers were amputated.-On July roth, Private Jenkins reported havtng run ~)Ver a boy: while r~ding his bicycle at Shavington. the la.d ran from behtn? a passtng furmture van directly in front of the mach1l1e, .and .the aCCIdent was thus unavoiUable. Jenkins, lhouO'h badly brUIsed, lmmedlately attended to the lad'siniuries takinO'him into an adjacent cottage, an? .giving him every attention.~Un bTuesday, July 9th, J.onathan Wliltams employed by the London and .l\orth Western RaIlway Company, whilst attendinO' to his work lost his footinO' an? fell a distance of about twenty feet, Second. O[Jlc~r Manley and ~nvat~ Kear of the Crewe ~orps of the .St. John Ambulance Brigade, Imme?tately rendered first aid and had hIm conveyed to the Railway HospItal. Here. he was attended by the surgeon and fuund to be suffenng from slIght concussion and injury to the spine. lr is worthy of. remark, that the ~an was under treatment at the hospital fifteen n;tnutesafter the aCCIdent occurred, .the hospital being a mile-L11d-half distant. The above record shows Wlt~out doubt that there is plenty of work for such a corps 111 Crewe, and It only remains for us to express the hope that .energy will not be .lacking on the part of the indi\'idual members to raIse the corps to a hIgh state of efficiency. GIRVAN .-O n 17th July, a man named James Austin fell into the water ~t the beach here and was found drowned in two f~et of water, a short tl~e after he had been seen i~ the street. I proceeded to the place WIth all speed after heanng of It and found the man's body still ly1l1g on the beach as he had been laid when taken out of the water and. was about to perform artificial respiration but was prevented by tw~ polt~e.men who had a.rriv~d on the scene before me, and even though I exhlblted my medallIOn It was of no avail, the man's body was lifted on to a barrow and wheeled to the mortuary. The policemen as far as I can learn, are not first-aiders.-M. H. lHuNN, Glasgow Sal~age Corps. GLASGOW.-On 1st July last, while walking alonO' a street in the east end of Glasgow, M. H . Munn of the Glasgow SalvaO'e Corps came b ' . h ' across a boy h ang1l1g ead downwards, unconscious with left foot locked betwee~ two spikes on the top of a six foot iron railing, on which he had been cltmb1l1g. Mr. Munn rescued the little fellow but had to cut of[ boot before the foot could be extricated, and found 'it slightly bruised.

August 1895.J

FIRST

He carried him into a house and resto red him to consciousness with usual ' remedies, and applied improvi sed bandages to foot aud a nkle a fter hot fomentations, and took him home shortly after. LEICESTER.-TllE VALUE OF AMBULANCE KNOWLEDGE.-A correspondent, who desires to say a few words of praise of the St. J ohn Ambulance Corps, writes: Being at Longcliffe J had the misfortune to wit ness what mi ght have been an accident of a very serious character. Coming down the hill leading from the woods to the hotel, a young man lost control of a bicycle which he was rid ing, and before warning .could be given he had run into and knocked down a number of ladies, two of whom were more or less seriously inj ured. Fortunately, ho"wever, Mr. Geo. Soars, a resident of Leicester, who is a member of the St. John Ambulance Association, was on the spot, and in a short time the injured ladies were attended to by him . and afterwards taken to a surgeon at Loughborough. At 10.20 on Monday evening, July 8th, Mr. Veasey, of Southampton Street, and a friend were driving along Rutland Street when the horse slipped and fell, throwing both occupants out of the trap on to their faces, which were cut and bruised very much. First aid was rendered by Mr. J. G. Mobbs, of the S1. J ohn Ambulance Corps. The horse bolted, doing considerable damage to the trap. READ.-On July 1st., an accident of a rather serious nature occurred to a boy named Edmund RushtOn, aged nine years; whilst swinging the rope broke and he sustained a fracture of the upper arm with disloca tion at the elbow. First aid was very promptly rendered by Superintendent Hindle Officer 'Vatson, and Private Priestly of the Read Ambulance Corps.' They subsequently conveyed him to Dr. Hartley, of Burnley, wh o set the limb and expressed his satisfaction of the skilful attention of the ambulance men. SKEGNESS.-AMBULA:'-:CE \YORK AT THE SEASIDE.-On June 26th, while a party of excursionists were galloping along on donkeys, a young ,lady (::\tEss Fayster, of Lincoln) was thrown and dragged for so~e distance with one foot in the stil1'up, on a road recently covered WIth sharp granite stones. A few minutes after the accident, Transpor.t !nspector J. Edwin Roper, Leicester Ambulance Corps, who was dnvtng with his family, came on the scene just in time to preven.t some over zealous person from O'ivinO' her brandy. He found the patIent ly1l1g on the side of the road bunco~scious, se\'erely bruised about the face and head and also with cuts on the riO'ht knee. After treating for concussion, he d:essed the injuries, conveyelthe patient in his carriage to the ladies' room at the station , a compartment was secured for her and two. aunts who took charO'e and later in the day she was moved home to L1I1coln, where she wen~ ~n well. A letter has been received expressing great gratitude for sen'ices rendered.

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~he tllllbulance lReview at :f}3lacltpooI. ON Saturday, June 29th,the fifth ann ual rev~ew of the orth East La ncashire Di vision of the ~t. John Ambulance Bngade was held at the Royal Palace Gardens, Blackpool. Last year the p~oceedin.gs were greatly marred by a heavy downpour of rain, but on thIS occasIOn .n o fault could be found with the weather, except, perhaps, tha.t It was a lIttle too hot. The review too was voted to be a conspicuou::; success by the gentlemen who a~ted ~s judges of the exhibitions of the va.rious detachments from all parts of the di\·ision . In smartness and general all-round efnciency in the principles of first aid, the display given by many of the continO'ents showed a marked improvement on that of last year. The b d . total number of those who participatecl in the emonstratlOn was very slightly in advance of the previoLls years. The offe~ of a challenge shield and medals for competition amongst the ladles was. perhaps responsible for a mJ.rked increase in the number of the compantes of the fair sex who took part in the day's proceedin&,s. There wer~ 1 [ detach ments formed as follows: Burnley 20, Clttheroe 9, Accnngton 18, Padiham 8 , Preston 12 , Colne 12 ' Great IIarwood 13, Read 9, • elson 30 , Brierfield 7, and Barrowford 17. The m.Lle corps were as follows: P reston 30, Brierfield 30, H uncoat 2+, Clitheroe 2+, Read 15, Sabden 20, Longridge 27, Barrowford 27, Bamber Bridge 30, Whalley IS, H apton 15 , Blackpool IS, i\elson +0, Burnley 80, Accrington 30 ,.Colne 24, Padiham IS, making a total of 461. Bolton wastheonlycont11lgent which failed to put in an appearance at all. After the men had been photogmphed in the square, they marched four abreast. through the prin cipa l streets headed by mounted police, and accompal11ed by the bands of the 5th L.V.A., the 1st Vol. Batt. .L.N .L. Regiment, .and the R oyal Palace Gardens. Soon after the arnval of the proce~s\On, two handso me equipaO'es were driven up containing Lord Knutsford ·G .C.M.G., ColonelE. T. Thackeray, C.B., V.C., R.E., Sur~eon-'\Iajor Hutton the Mayor of Blackpool (Alderman F . H. ParkInson), the Town Clerk (Mr. T. Loftos), the Deputy Chief Constable of Lancashire (CJ.ptai n Ibbetson), and the Chief Co nstable ~f Blackpool ('\I r. J. C. Derha m). The march past followed to the stram s of the mass:d bands, after the inspection Lord Knutsford, who was loudly. cheered, s..1.ld this was the first official visit he had pJ.id sincehe was made Dlrector-Gene-

AI D.

ral of the Ambulance Department, and he could assure them that it gave him the profoundest satisfaction that that visit shou ld be made to a division whose e)..cellent work was so well known at Headq uarters. Having inspected them and seen them ma rch past, he could glad Iy report to his colleagues that their appreciation of the good work of the Torth-East Lancashire Division was fully justified. I t was necessary for the men of this Ambulance Department to look very sharply after their laurels, because t he ladies marched past in qui te as good order as they did . (Laughter, and hear, hear.) It was only another proof of what the modern woman could do. (Renewed laughter.) He wished to express his regret in the first place that the Mayor's invitation to General Field Marshal Lord Roberts could not be accepted by him. Lord Roberts had himself personally expressed to the speaker his sorrow that he was unable to attend on that occasion . The great glory of the work was voluntary work. Voluntary work of all kinds, military and civil, had to meet at first with a considerable amount of opposition, with a considerable amount of chaff, and with considerable doubts as to whether it was useful, or if useful, whether it would be permanent. But good work would survive opposition, it would survive good-humoured chaff and dispel doubts, and that was exactly what the ambulance work had done in this country; and he was happy to say not in this country only, but in the colonies, where the work had largely extended. There was no doubt that the work was most useful in war, but he very much questioned whether it was not of more importance in times of peace. In time of war, accidents got concentrated in a short time, but they must consider this-that if they excluded children (and he did not know why they should be excluded), 2,000,000 accidents happened every year. In conclusion, hi s lordship advised them all to put their shoulders to the wheel, and help on the ambulance work as far as they could, remarking that he was glad to notice that the County Council were assisting them, and that the police forces were now paying great attention to the subject. Colonel Thackeray said that since the last review that large district had become a portion of the Association under district four, by which means the work of the organization would be better managed. The dist.rict consisted of q divisions or corps, numbering in all 1,03 2 members. Surgeon-::\Iajor Hutton told the company of his experiences at the Royal Show at Darlington last week, when two men were killed and several injured by lightning. He said he was confident that but for the promptitude of the St. John Ambulance Corps there would have been more than two deaths to register. As showing the amount of work undertaken in connection with the show, the speaker said that up to six o'clock the previous night they had treated no less than WI cases. (Applause.) The judge was Dr. "Wallace, of Longsight, and after the patients had been bandaO'ed according to the directions issued by this gentleman, they formed a procession round the field. After this portion of the programme followed the men's competition for challenge cup and medals, in which the judge W~LS Dr Barron, of Southport At the same time the ladies' competition for shield and medals was also decided by Dr. Heslop, the police surgeon . It was close upon seven o'clock when the Mayor announced the results of the day 's competitions as follows:Ladies' competition for the shield: I Barro\l"ford, 2 Colne, 3 Padiham, Men's competition, most efficient corps in the field; I Burnley, ~ Blackpool, 3 Bamber Bridge. For the cup and medals; I .:\elson, 2 Read, 3 Bamber Bridge.

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Q!orr£~ponb£n(c. vVe do llOt necessarzly zdentzjy ottr selves 1.fJz'tlz tlze mews held by Ollr c01'1'espolldents. A "LIVE CORPSE." To THE EDITOR OF " FIRST AID ." SIR -ReferrinO' to the paragraph contained in " FIRST AID " for the currel~t month, h~aded "A Live Corpse," I have communicated with the Chief Constable of Birkenhead on the matter, and I am informed by him that "So far as the police under my command are concerned the whole a'ccount is a mendacious fabrication." The police force of Birkenhead is noted for the excellent way in which it carries on its first aid work, and every member, from the Chief Constable downwards, are certificated ambulance men. A story such as that contai~ed in the. B11'kmhead News. locally bears its own refutation, and accordtngly I paId no attentIOn to It; but when such story is repeated by a paper like yours, which has J. circulation all over England , I think it should be dented for the credIt of the force, and of the centre.-Yours truly, II. C. V. BIELBY. Local Hon. Sec. [We publish this with the greatest pleasure.- ED.]

FIRST AID.

[August, 1895.

st. 30bn Rmbulance l13rigabe.

Our lRolI of bonont'.

METROPOLITAN CORPS. ~ detachment of the Metropolitan Corps of the St. 10hn Ambulance Bngade paraded for duty at the Annual Championship Meeting of the Essex County Cycling and Athletic Association at Chelmsford on Saturday, luly 13th, under Supt . W. P. Whitehead, and Staff-Sergt. E a rly. Several n~sty spill.s occurred during the cycle races, in one case no less than five riders fallIng, and in another four carne to grief. The detachment was thus kept very busy, and some thirteen cases were lecorded. The uniform of the St. John 's Corps has not been seen before at Chelmsford, and the afternoon's work brought forth many expressions of distinct ap proval from the spectators who numbered nearly ten thousand, and also from the .officia ls. Among those present were the Earl and .Countess of .\VarWlck, the Earl of Essex, the Bishop of C?lchester, Sir W a lter Gilbey. and the Mayor of Chelmsford. This Will no doubt give a n impetus to the Asso ciat ion in that quarter. A meeting of the employes engaged at the South Metropolitan Gas \ lVorks, was .held on Thursday, ~uly Ilth. Brigade Chief Supt. ~hurch B~asler .attended, and explamed fully t he working of a Division In connectIOn With the MetropolItan Corps. At the conclusion of the address, seveml members asked q uestions and it was ultimately decided to form a division and enrol members at ~nce. A vote of thanks was passed to Brigade Chief Supt. Church Brasier for his attendance.

UNDER this column we propose to publish any special acts of he roism. on t~e part .of fi~st-aiders that may be brought to our notice, in order to bnn.g. th:lr claims to recognition mo re prom inently before the proper authOrIties.

PROVI rCIAL CORPS. ROCHDALE.-T~~ past ~onth has been a very busy one for this Corps. On 1 uly 6th they Jo1Oed With the Heywood and Tottin2'ton Corps in a Gr~nd .Review in con n~ction with ~he latter Corps, forty-one members be10g m attendance, Including eIght ladies of the ~ursing Division. T?e three ~o rps met at Bury, and had a grand march of about two mIles to To tt Ington . Dr. Sellers, Chief Surgeon of the R ochdale section was the inspecting officer, Su perintendents InO'ham Rochdale ' Wad~ H eywood j and Masser, Tottington , having " ' "charge of the drills. · d mgton, On 1 uly 8th the annua l meeting was held at the Town Hall Chief Superi nte~den t .Buck (Chief Constable) presi ding. A very satisfactory report. be10g gIven by the Secretary, application s were read from the Commi ttee of the Agricultural Show and Infirmary Gala requesting the attendance of members of the Corps, so that t heir services would be ready j~ cases of accident. On July 13th fourteen members, including two lad l.es, attended the Show of the Agricultural Society with tent and all applIance~, their services being required in two cases from the bites of .dog.s, Superintendent Ingham and Officers Garner and H eatley beIng In charge. A collection in a id of the Ladies' Uniform Fund was made at the tent by Miss Townend and Miss Greenw:Jod and amounted to £5 17S. o~d. July 20th was the occasion ofthe Infirm~ry Gala which was attended by twenty-four members includinO' six ladies who met at th~ Fire Station, and marched. th~ough ~h~ streets"'to the gala 'field, the rear beIng b:ought up by the ladles 10 a carnage. On arriving at the field, the ladles took charge of the Hospital Tent which had been erected the night previous. The appliances includ~d two new Ashford Wheel Litters, with rubber tyres, just purchased by the Corps from St. John 's ~ate, and whI ch \~'ere a great attraction during the afternoon . First aid was only reqUIred in one case, this being a scalp wound, occurring at the close of the gala. The men formed up in front of the tent and marched back to the Town Hall, and a collection was taken at the tent amounting to £4 8s. 8d., which sh ows the public of Rochdale are with the corps in their good work. ROYTO~, LANCASHIRE.-O n Saturday, July 6th, a very successful Gala was held at Hopwood Park, Middleton. One of the events was an Ambulance Competition. Through some misunderstanding as to whether thi s com~etitio.n would b~ held, only three corps entered for the sa.me. £6 was given In ~sh pnzes to the squads who did the work WIth greate.st neatness, effiCIency and most expeditiously. The principal competitors were the R?yton Ambulance Corps, and the Ambulancc company of the Oldham RIfl.e Volunteers. The first prize of £3 was awarded to the gentlemen, and the 2nd prize of £2 given to the ladies of the Roy ton Ambulance. Corps j the 3rd prize of £1 going to the Oldham Volunteers. Dunng the Gala two casualties occurred both cases being treated .by the Roy ton men: The one was a case of 'injury to the head from bemg kicked by a fa llmg horse in the hurdle jumping. SHREWSBURv.-The Shrewsbury Corps was in attendance at the Shropshire and West Midland Agricultural Show, held at Shrewsbury on the 3rd,4th a nd 5th July. A few cases were attended to but there were no ~erious accidents. . The Ashford Jitter recently' purchased by the Bngade, was brou~ht mto use for the first time on the 18th July, to remove a case ,of typhOid fever to the I~fir~ary, about a mi!e distant from the p<l:tlent s ~o~e. [Query.-Is It nght to remove mfectious cases on a lItter which IS only Intended for accidents and non-infectious cases.-En. ]

A CORRESPONDENT writing to a contemporary : -The service rendered by a~bu.lance classe.s was strikingly brough t out in the recent priz e ~lstr~butlOn at Hast1Og3. I t was then proposed that so me extra distlOctlOn sho~ld be conferred up:m a young lady, Mi ss H unt Holley , for the extraordInary courage and presen ce of mind displayed in the socalled" St. Leonard 's Tragedy " last December. The entire household as it was supposed, had retired for the night, when the most appalling screa:ns were heard proceeding from the kitchen. Throwing on her dreSSing gown, the elder d:tugh[er of the h ouse rmhed downstairs to find the cook lying in a pool of blood on the floor anda ma n hackin; at her throat. The young lady deliberately confronted the murderer, \~ho, taken aback by her coolness, turned and fled' then havinO' fastened t~e .door upon hi.m, without a moment's hesi~ation 'she st~pped the vI~tJrns wounds WIth her fingers, thus sav ing her life. It came out that MISS Hunt Holley, only a few days before, had inquired at her ambul~nce class. how wound s could be stopped. There is, h owever, all the ~hfference 10 the world between knowing how to do a thing and doing It on the spur of the moment, and amid circumstance s that miO'ht well da~nt the .stoutest hearted. Hastings and St. L eonards are proud of their herOine, and no wonder-the first of which either town can boast. LAST month we referred briefly to the fatal accident in a cess pit at M a rgate j since then further particulars are to hand, and we are pleased to place on record the conspicuJu3 bravery of Thomas Clover who risked hi s own life in his endeavour to save the life of Goldfinch : ' " An inquest was held at Margate touching the death of Frederi ck Go!dfinch, 33 years of age, who died from the effects of inhaling foul air while at work. The deceased was at work with two other men at an old cesspit at the end of the stone pier, and while bei ng lowered down he was overcome by foul air and fell to the bottom a distance of fifteen feet. Life was extinct when got out of the pit. At the conclusion of the inquiry the jury then retired to consider their verdict and after a brief. consultation, they returned, and the foreman reJ.d o ut the following verdict :-" Tha.t the deceased Frederick Goldfinch was accidentally suffocat.ed by pOisonou.s gas while assisting to empty a cesspit on the stone pier on the 2nd Inst., and that, so far as the jury can see, every effort was made by those associated in the work to rescue the deceased and save his life, especially by Thomas Clover who endangered hi s own life in the effort he made ." '

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS . Will be paid to the Representatives o[ the purchase r of FIRST AID ' 10 case of death as provided below, by The Sickness and Accident Assurance Association, L td. Head Office :-2+, YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH. London Office :-64, MOORGATE STREET, LONDON, E.C. To whom notice of Claims under the [ollowinO' conditions must .be sent WITHIN THREE DAYS. Applicable 'to"'P assenger Tralns in Great Britain & Ireland. ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by the above Insuran ce Company to the Legal repre sentatives of any person killed by an a ccident to t he train in which the deceased was an ordinary passenger, or who shall have been fatally injured thereby, should death resul t within 24 hours after such accident. Provided that at the time of such accident the person so killed or fatally injured was the o~rner of FIRST AID for the current month, containing this Coupon legibly signed with his or her usual signature in ink or pencil both time and siO'nature being of the essence of the contract. ' '"

£1 0D

Sig1Zatu1'1! ............................................... .................................................................................

Address ............................................... ...... ...................................... ..... ................................ .. This Insu rance is limited to one Coupon to each holder, and is not invalidated by any Insurance with this or any other Acciden t Company. It is subject to the ordinary conditions of the Association's Accident Policies, and is in force from midnight, 1st August, 1895, until Ulidnight, 1st September, 1895.

FIRST AID • A

JOURNAL

No. 15.-VOL. n. ~t.

jJofJn

DEVOTED TO AMBULANCE W'ORK .

[ Entered at Stabollers' Hall. ]

~mbu(tln(e

)Srig-rllle.

TIlE ANNUAL CA:.Y1P OF I~STR UCTrO.:\'.

T is. with I;egret that we have to announce that in point of numbers thiS y~a~' s Camp was not so . succes:fu l as those Lhat have gone hefore . ThI S IS to be regretled, no pal~s havln~ been spared by the Head Quarters Stafr to rend_r ~he week hoth II1slruchve and pleasant; weather, o~ course, . excepted-thIs they could not guarantee. It is, however, WIth genull1e pleasure that we have to report that those who were in Camp one and. all adm it that the .holiday \\:as in el:ery way a pleas:mt one, and,as. f~[ as .numbers admitted, an mstructlve one. A few old faces were ml ssl ng thi Syear, and much regret was expressed in the officers' mess at .the a.hsence of many who in previous years have enl ivened a I~et evenlllg \\,Ith song or toast. 9ne thing is quite cerlain, this next Conference wdl have to settle defi~lltely whether, when and where, a Camp slull be held, and what support WIll be accorded, otherwise, from remarks made hy many a haru-worked member of the Head Ouarters' Staff I think we have seel? the las~ o~ the Brigade Camp. [Vter all one ca~ ?:trdlr w.onder a~ thiS. Provlll CIaI corps cannot find the means to assist In bnngmg theIr men to camp, and thereby assist that which would e\':ntually lead to the better working and the beller recognition of the Bngade as.a whole, but they c?-n find the money for costly parades and dem.on.stratlons, the value of which, from a Brigade point of view, is often m1l11mlsed by the fact thelt the whole of the certificated memhers of the S1. John Ambulance Association resident in the district are Impressed Into lh~ ranks for this day all!;', with a view to putting a .hlg muster on palade. . Bu t to return to Camp, from which we have shghll~ wa;~dereu j the fa tIgue party under Sl~perintendent ~l Ol·gan left IlolbOl n ~ lauuct .on Saturday, July 12th. First Officer Trimmer, ~er g,eant-:\1aJ or SI:nllh, and Starr-SerO'eant Reed accompanied him. I he weather dunn~ the first week was SImply all that could be desired hut unfortu~:ttely that foll?wing consisted of copious showers of rain; tempe.red at I11ter~als .by bnght sunshine. The" marching.in " this year \~as dIspensed WIth 111 consequence of the small muster , the \'arious COI:PS paradI ng on the Camp groun?, and, having been detailed to the various .tents, the men \.\'ere dIsmissed, subsequently partaking of a subst~ ntJaI meal, a.fler whIch those not on duty proceeded to make prepn;:~~lOns fo: t~~ mght, or took a st roll into j' vrargate or IVest.e:ate. . . I he ChIef who had been on duty at .Leicester during the day alrlved at about two on Sunday 1110rnl110' havmcr come down by the tra ' I ea\,lng . V'IC tona ' at ml'd IlIg . h t. ITle was "" '" station by" ChicaO'o ' 111" met at the and several of.the officers a.nd loc.al friends, who warmly greeted hi~. Sunday mor~mg broke fa Irly fine, and after breakfast the" fall in " sou~decl .for Church Parade. St. James's, Garlinge, was again the place of \\ orshlp attended, the sermon bell1g preached by the vicar the R e ' G .. Collis, who in the ~ourse of his remarks referreu to th~ good \\~I~k bemg don~ by the Bnga.de, T?e return :narch to Camp was by no means a dly one, the ral11 comlOg down 111 torrents. Dinner havinO' been served, and the weather somewhaL ab:tting, the more venturesom~ made for M~rgate, those not on pass returnin cr in crood time for" tattoo" r-.Ionclay, Tuesday and Wednesd.ty were mu~h 0~1 a par. Short dril'ls were the order of ~he day. when the weather permitted, and durincr the el'enlngs lIttle socml partIes were made up and Over a pipe 01' "'.0' . thO f. h B' , ' CI",a[ many Ings 0 mterest to t e ngade as a whole were discussed by the groups. _ On Thursd~y the Camp was visited by the Right Hon. Lord h. nuts ford, Dnecter of the Am~ulance Department, and by Colonel !hack~ray, C.R, V:C ., Co~nmls3lOner of the Brigade. After a careful IIlspectlOn of th~ hne~, kItchen, mess tents, &c .. they honoured the Officers by lunchIng \~Ith th~m, a.s also d id Capt. Dallas, a Member of the Order temporanly resl~ent ~n We stgate, Mr. and Mrs. A. Padle an~ others. After lunch the l11evltable ph otograph, a capital i ctur~ b~mg the result. It should be here stated that Mr. P adley kindfy sen t ~IS brou~h~;n to r:neP. t L~rd Knutsfo rd and the Commissioner, while the ChIef constItuted hIm self a mounted escort of one All' k were deepl y gra (Co .. an d pleased with the . kindl Ian we d a t ~ h e V.ISI!, ands ~ou~teou~ words of praise m whIch L ord Knutsford expressed hi/satisf,lctlo n WI.th the Camp arrangements. b 11 Fnday the. usual sports and competitions took place, these e111g hor:ou red. WIth the presence of a nother Member of the Order ~~r o~ fnend-ll1deed, we believe H on. Member-of the Brigade: his' aC,lcan .Maclean. ThIS gentleman was also pleased to ex' press glatIficatlOn at a ll he had seen . Prior to the comme t of the t' . & h ncemen th '. ~o:npe Itl?nS, 'c ., t e Lyri c Quartette who had volunteered f~11 . Vices, kIndly gave an impromptu concert in fron t of the o lcel s mess. They were most 'ttlthusiaztically and deservedly

S;I

PRICE O. E PE. :\Y.

EPTE:\'lBER, 1895.

applauded at the conclusion, and 1111'. Maclean in a few well chosen words expressed the thanks of the Brigade anu also those of the Central Executive Committee for the ir kindness in comin~ o\'er from :'IIar!~'ate and favouring us with so great a treat. The usual programme had been arranged for the afternoon but owing to the want of numbers some 01 the items had to he abandoned. ..\ special word of praise mu. t be awarded to Sergt. T3:tdcock of the Great Northern Railway Di\'isiol1, who had trained a scratch team in Camp for the stretcher comp~tilio:1 : this however had to be abandoned, and the squad gal'e a display in stead being greeted at the finish with well merited applause. This squad subsequently won the prize for" the smartest turn out." Other pri<e winners were Sergts. ix and Phillips, M r. Maclean, jun., and Pri\'ate Wildmm. A special fealure in the programme this year was a donkey race, organised byand carried out under the direction of Sergt.-:'Ilajor Smith. The fun in th is race consists in the fact that it is the last donkel' that wins j the competitors-that is, the riuers-and donkeys are each n umbered, and at a gi ven signal the former double out a certain di st:tnce and each secure a steeu, it may belong to himself or some other-the result being that the r id er who comes in· last im'ariaiJly finds that he has won the prize for a nother. The comical "get up" of the jockeys was on the whole very funny, especially that of Staff-Sergeants Reed and Piers; the former, like a knight of old, carried a lance, at the end of whi ch he had hung a huge bunch of carrots. ;\ ruch laughter \\,;1 s caused when" R obin," h:tving failed to grasp the conditions, proudly cantered in first, only to learn to hi s chagrin that he had not bestrode the winninO' steed. In the evening the usual barn uance took place, Mr. Padley having again kinuly placed his large barn at the di posal of the Brigade. The various dances were in terspersed with instrumen tal and vocal music, and 1\1r. Cecil Graeme gave se\'eral of his impersonations, gaining repeated encores for his really cie\'er performance. During the evening the prizes were kindly handed to the \vinners by j\[rs. Padley, who met with a thoroughly hearty reception, as also did Mr. Padley when returning thanks on behalf of himself and wife for the vote of thanks passed to them for all their kindness. The result of a really enjoyable night of pleasure was a very early morning p:trade, many electing not to go to bed at all but to take advantage of the temporary fine weather to strike all unoccupied canvas, a proceeding which ,vas amply justified later in the day. All ranks worked with a will, and as fast as the tents were lowered they were conveyed to the barn, and later on packed ready for co nveyance back to town. The members of the fatigue party who remained behind were temporarily "billetted" in the barn, and Monday even111g saw the completion of their labours In conclusion, a special meed of praise must be awarded Mr. and Mrs. Padley j immediately on the arrival of the ad\'ance party they at once set to work to ensure that everything that la r in their power likely co conduce to the slIccess of the meeting should be done, and it goes without saying that they thoroughly succeeded. Indeed, most of the sllccess of this year's camp is due to the kinuh' thoughtfulness which they at all times evinceu in the camp, amI officers and men will, we know, join us in the wi h that the future of both they and their family may be very bright. \Ve shall retain \'ery pleasant memories of our two camps at !:lent-de-Lion, and, go where we may in other years, the recollections of all their many acts of k indnes.; will live with us as pleasant memories of the past,

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'Wbt

"j}ion=Jl\un=~b.Hl!!"

lSanh,a:gt. MESSRS. REYNOLDS & BRANSON, of Leeds, the manufacturers of the well known BandaO'e Shoot, havf just introduced what they call the "Non-Run-.t\say" Bandage \\hich will be found to save immense waste of time occasioned by bandages fall in g when being appl ied. For FirstAiders and Ambulance Classes the bndage will prove itself to be a great boon . The" Non-RunAway" Bandage is made in variolls widths, from four inches to one inch, and may be obtaineli in London at the of'fice of " FIRST Am,"

PriI:'.ted for the Propnetors by W. J. GOOD]!, 88, Clerkenwell Road, and publi.i!hea by ALAN PALMER and REED, a.t 11 , Ludgate Hill, E.G.

FIRST AID.

[September, 1895

FIRST AID.

September, 1895.J Q;.

motes. By "TOURNIQUET." YES! I went to Camp, and, in spite of the terrible wet 'weather, up to the present I have not had th'Lt expected bad attack of rheumatism. oJ(,

~y.

~.'

OF co~rse, the Quartermaster naturally looked a fter my welfare; he always th1l1ks of others more than himself. " Good old Ouartermaster!" vide Cecil Graeme's talkative mannikin. ""' oJ(,

.;,:. -)(.

IT is. generally admitted that the Quartermaster's Staff are of an economical turn of mind, but when it comes to tryin 0" to make Irish St~w out of British bricks, it's cutting a little too fibne. Don't you thlllk so, Shamus? Beg pardon, I mean Robin. ?I- -)(.

ROBIN was evidently not to be outdone by his forefathers whom tradition hath it, made Scotch broth out of flint stones. By th~ sa ints! what digestions the northern Ir ish must have. Ostriches take a back seat, please!

I T'S awkward when , after struggling under the wet curtain of a tent at the risk of getting rheumatism in the knee joints, and with the object of meting out summary justice to a fellow who had earned your wrath the night before, to discover, when the object of your zeal arises, that you've blacked the face of the wrong man . Tableau:" There' s a picture for you!" JUST now reviews and demonstrations are the order of the day. Amongst those worthy of more than passing note, I may mention that at Bash ford, which was attended by the Director, Viscount Knutsford, At \\'elbeck Abbey the Commissioner, the Organizing Comm issioner, and the Brigade Chief Supel'intendent were all present, while at I\'ellingborough the Organizing Commissioner was supported by the Brigade Chief Superintendent.

"THE CHIEF" is loud in his praise of Colonel Seely's men under 1\1r. IV ardell , their marching was incomparable, and their first aid work good; the smartness of the show was however in his op ini on spoiled by th~ untrained tail tacked on to it. IVhen will the organizers of these reviews recogn ise that it is more to the credit of the Brigade to put a smaller number of well trained men into the field rather than spoil thcil show by the march past of a large number, the majority of whom do n ot know their right leg from their left, and who in front of the public, from wa nt of a disciplined training, hopelessly muddle their drill. %

FOR Ollst in his life Robin has discovered that it is best to lose a race rather than win it.

-)(. *" -)(.

BY-THE-BYE, though, did he win it, or did last donkey carry off this honour as well as the prize? ~,

:Ii.

. AT any rate Robin has good cause to be proud, lor it was no doubt his gra~e!ul CoUI tesy ~o the ladies in lowe:ing his lance when passing th~ paVilion lIke a knight of old that won him that handsome consolation pnze. ?I- oJ(, "H-

IT is stated that he received the congratulations of "the twins" when he got home, also those of their mother. -)(.

ENGINEERS tell us that to keep machinery workinO' well a certain quantity of l.ubrican t is nece~sary, an~ th<l:t of the be~t quality. Mr. Padley, who IS a member of thiS profeSSIO n, IS no exception to the rule as was evinced by the way he went around in the ba rn lubri cating th~ members of the fatigue party. I know the lubricant was of the riO'ht b sort, as I tasted it myself, and without doubt this helped the workers to stick to their task as they did; 4- a.m. to 9 p.m. is a fair day's work. :\0 eight hours' amusement this! -)(. 'if.

'¥-

A CAPITAL addition to Camp hilarity thi s year was the presence of Sergt.-major Smith. 7~

oJ(, ;<.

SUPT. BAKER (Cecil Beryl Graeme) is a lways a host in h imself. Th is year, however, he surpassed himself.

* Iff >"If

I WAS glad to observe the absence of the red cockade this year. '"

"if

THE Camp Band was lnot in evidence this year until about an hour before striking Camp. I was glad of it. A little of this music goes a long way , and I have delicate nerves. oJ(,

oJ(,

-)(.

BV-THE-W AV, r am at 8. loss t~ uRderstand how some contri ved to sleep through even the firFt overture. •

!It

1;1

I UNDERSTAND that the Camp photographer has received numerous orders for that snap-shot portra~t of that gallant young officer; some of the orders came from lau y admirers I believe who are anxious to trace the second portrait in the picture. ' , ~ .~

J HAVE been asked whether there is a short cut to Camp from Broadstairs. I never heard of it. Better apply to the Chief-he's a Native.

ROM t ime to t ime one hears of different means of caring for sprained ankles, turned ankles, twisted wrists, &c., but the way noll' in vogue s\;ems to give beLler results than any in the past. It is generally within :1.n hour after the accident that you are called to see the patient, ::Ind find him suffering severely and wanting very much to know if" anything is broken." ;\fter examin in g for fractures, the p:1.rt shou ld be bathed in extremely hot l\":.tter every hour or two, for :1. period of fifteen minutes at a time. Have the lI'ater just as hOL as the patient can bear it, and apply "ith a sponge or cloth, rather than allow the ankle to remain in the water; then dry and let the part rest quietly wrapped in flannel, when an application of hamamelis or veratrum and hamamelis may be made. Before retiring, apply a flannel bandage;: tightly round the swollen part, only being careful that the circulation is not shut off. It is surprising holY the hot applications relie'le the pain and produce ahsorption, and ho\l' the l'alldage by pressure preyents swelling and inl1ammation. -SoutheTlt ilferl!caf JOitmai (US A.)

:0. - - - - -

JJ tr ~ t ~ib ~ re atnl£nt

for a jfoUl'=.:frootrb V aticnt.

"X.

AT Wellingborough, the Cor ps under the command of its Chief acquitted itself well, and thoroughly earned the high encomiums passed upon it by Colonell\Ionckton.

*" * BY-THE-BVE my attention has been called to the fact how few of the oJ(,

medical officers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade wear the uniform .

r kn ow from experience how difficult amhulance officers in the provinces find it to get their men to adopt it-partly, perhaps, on account of the expense involved-and when those holding responsible positi ons ignore it, the men belonging to the corps reckon that they have a goou answer to the request that they will don the regulation uniform. They say at once they can't afford it, and they do not think it necessary for ambulance work.

oJ(,

"H-

~ptatn~.

FOR my own part I hope that the time is not far distant when all Surgeons will have to wear the uniform. If :.hey joined the auxiliary forres they would have to do so, why then shou ld the Brigade exempt them? Enthusiastic ambulance officers are anxious that their position may be recogni sed in some such way as that of their confrhes in the auxiliary serv ice, but until the medical officers join in line with them this will never come about. 'WHY is it? Are the majority of our medical officers ashamed of their connection with the Brigade? T should greatly like to know why they stand aloof. Comidering that the uniform for slllgeons is uefined in the dr~ss regulations issued from St. John's Gate, I fail to see why, in a uniformed corps, the wearing of it is not made compulsory . It would raise the tone of the service, and eventually surgeons would deem it something more than an empty honour to join a cor ps under the flag of the Brigade. I AM pleased to note the Commissioner always honollls the Brirrade by appearing in unifor m. As a gallant soldier hi s doin'" so ~(ld s additional lustre to our se rvice. b

I HEARD a good joke the other day . At a lecent parade of a provincial corps a distribution of nursing certificates took phce to the men on duty. The corps was drawn up in a square fac illg the gallant officer who was to distribute the honours. Of COlllse, in front was the popular chief officer of the corps. A name was called, all eyes were at once centred on the central figure, who, looking stra ight to hi s front, appeared utterly oblivious of the attention he was attracting. There was a pause, when sudden ly the chief officer seemed to grasp the situation, and darting forward grasped the proffered pi ece of pasteboard. It was many years since he had heard his name in full and during the brief pause that ensued he was mentally wondering as to whi ch division of his corps possessed amongst its members his name sake. Henceforth T . H . will pay more attention to the christian as well as the surname. Fortune knocks, &c.-you know the old wheeze !-and if T. H. was not cognizant of his own cognomen he would stand a chance of losing her gracious fayours.

Ox .\ugust 9th, :\[r. Bines, Statiunmaster at IVestgate-on-Sea, whilst on duty, observcd 'l hoy with a I' duable fox terrier, which \\'a~ el'identll' in great pain, and had eyer)' symptom of a broken fore-leg. 1Il! sul>s~ qu~ntly ob tained permission to ex ..lllline the uug and rellder first aiJ, whlcl. was dOl\e as fullulls: ~ume small splints were impru\'i<ed, Ihe lower one of wood, and the upper one of carJI,oard; these wcre padded and aftenl ards kept in position by narrow strips LOrn from a 1I ianCTuial bandage. Finally another strip of the same material was used, and"> Iii st fastened roulld the leg secLllely, a tUIll heing afterwards Liken round the dog's neck. In this position it bau much the appearance of a man \lith his arm in a sling, the effect being very comical. DurinO' the operation of splinting the illjured limb, the dog was somewhat re~t1ess, but afterwards he was most grateful, lepeateuly Jicking the han us of his benefactor. The little patient was subsequently seen by a "vet," who expressed satisfaction with the treatment adopted. lYe congratulate l\IL Bines on the ready way in which he dealt with his little patient. It proves that he b::ls got not only a kind heart but a quick perception, two of the most essential qualifications in a railway ambulance man . :0: - - - -

1Railwa\? Servants' <DaIa tn :fBrabforb. ON Saturday, loth August, in Lister Park, the First Annual i\lililary Sports and ,\m buiance competition, promoted by the Bradford, 1IIannll1gham, and Low Moor Branches of the Orphan Fund Committee of the Amalgamated Society of Railway Sen'ants, were held. l' rior to the "ports a procession wa~ organ ized behind the Town Hall under the direction of Superintendent Byng. A body of police led the way, followed by the bands of the 2nd 'Vest Riding of Yorkshire Volunteer ;\rtillery and the 3nd 1'.13. \Vest YOI kshire Regiment. The procession I.ncluded an ambulance squad of four members of the borough police lorc~ and.a dozen constables possessing first aid certificates, the police havlI1g With them the new Salvator haml ambulance. i.\lr \V. Firth, the secretary of the police class, had charge of the cunstables. There were also presen t the Bradford Branch of the St. J oh11 I\mbubnce Briga~e, accompanied by Dr. A. Brown, the hon. physician, and i\lr. G. C~ lppenda le , hon. secretary. The IVorkpeople's Horse Ambulance, II'lth a few Corporation firemen and the mem bers of the til idland Railway ambulance s~aff, took part in the procession, which was under the control of the Chief Constable (Mr. C. J. Paul). At the park the bands pe~formed selections of music, and a very interesting ambulance competitIOn was gone through for the Bradford challenge sh ield and med,tls. Dr. J. Crossley 'W right, o[ Halifax, being the judge. The shield was awarded to the Bradford 5t. John Ambulance BriO'ade who will also receive the medals; the second prize went to th~ Shipley Mid land Railway ambulance staff, and the third to the Bradford Midla nd Railwa:y ambulance s t;~.rf. The shield was not on the ground, but it will be delIvered to the winners Il1 due course. The 1ayor (Alderman \Villi s Wood), in making the presentation, spoke a fell' words in commendation of the. excellent work wh ich is being done by t he SL. John Ambulance A~soclatlOn and other kindred bodies, anu expressed the hope that Blad[ord would succeed In retall1l11g ~he trophy. A I'ery amusing proglamme of sports of a more or less Hulitary character was gone through.

19 ~be ~rber of $t. 30bn.

E note with pleasure the recognition of some ambulance 1Y0rker~ by the Order of St.John. May we wis.h them long life to wear these well-ect.rned honours. H on . Surgeon .\[Ilnes Hey Metropolitan Corps, has been elected a Kni ght of Grace. [Ion. S'urgeon A. C . Tun sta ll, Metropolitan Corps, and Mr. ]. French Thompson, lIuli Centre, have be~n elected Honorary Associates. Chief Superintendent \Voo~ston, Wellingborough Corp? has been elected an Honorary Sen'lng Brother, and Lady Supenntendent Chu·ch Brasier St. John's Gate ursing Division, has been elected an H onorary Servi~g Sister.

---------- :0: ---------

1RaiIwa\? Bmbulance. TORTI-I LO~DO~ RAILWAY A.\lBUL\XCE.

HE ~hird Annnal Demonstration and Concert was held on the loth Jl!ly 111 the Large Hall of the Bow and Bromley Institute, which was kllldly granted free for this purpose by the committee of the Institute. Mr. IT emy ]. Pryc~, Locol11oti ve Engi neer, presided, and amongst those pr.ese.nt were the Viscountess Knutsford, the Hon. Li onel Holland, Dr. Dlckll1son, '\iessrs. VVeir, Ferreira, Goshawk, Rowberry, and r\eeman. A demonstration was. g~ven under the direction of the Hon. Surgeon and Lecturer, Dr. Dlcklllson, and subsequent ly ,\1 iss Annie J ohnson (~a~:y Secretary), ~[iss E: Glenny and '\liss E . Collier of the Barking DIVISIOn, gave a display In roller bandaO'inO'. The nursinO' sisters n b WE're accompanied by Superintendent J. 'Veils, Sergeant Simmons, and i\[r. J. A. Ball (BarkinO' Di\·ision). The Certificates and .\ledt11ions a II al deu to the members", ho passed the exam ilia tions \\"el e presented by :Virs: ~ry~e, as also were the prizes gained by the men in the recent competitIOn III the company's workshops at Bow. . \fter the concert h,td taken place the proceedings were brought to a close with a he:!rty vote of thanks to '\1r. Pryce for presiding and to :\[rs. Pryce [or presentinO' th.e Certificates, i\ledalliolls and Prizes. The -"forth London Rail"'a; Dlrertors grant £10, and :\lrs. Bolland 1 ewton presents £2 2s. annually to the Ambulance Prize Fund . BRIGHTON.-Another interesting presentation of , t. John Ambulance badges and certificates was made yesterday morning in the Board room of the Brighton Railway, London Bridge Termillus, to about fifty of the Com pan y's staff, the Directors present being the Right Hon. Lord Cottesloe (Deputy Chairman), Mr. R. Jacomb Hood, Viscount Duncannon, C.B., and Mr. Sarle (the Secretary and General Manager). Lord Cott~sloe ma?e the p:ese~tations to. the n:en who had successfully passed their first aid exa.mlllatlOnS, and, Jl1 dOll1g so, expressed regret at the absence of ~I r. Laing. He was glad to hear that the movement had gone on so strongly anusteadilyon the Brighton Railway. I t was most useful that all railway men should be able to render first aid in cases of accident, and he was pleaseu to see that all classes of the employes appeared to have taken up the mO\'ell1entlo so consiuerable an extent. Over 200 o[ the employes had already been presented with badges; they had about 50 of them there that day, and he understood that t here were 20 or 30 more who were already qualified He congratulated them upon having passed their examinations successfully and said the Company 'wou ld very gladly bear the expense of the fe; of 3S. per head for the examinations. Most of the recipients of the badges in these cases had received their instructions from Dr. Graham Hargraves, of J ermingham Road, r\ ew Cross, who accompanieu the men, and Lord Cottesloe complim ented him upon the tuit ion he had successfully imparted to them ",hich enabled them to gain their certificates. SHEFFIELD.-On July 37th there was a meetinO" of the ambulance corps o[ the i\Ildland Railway Goods Department at the 'Vicker ConQ'TeO'ational schoolroom, for the purro~e of making presentatio~s b to Dr. Brown and Mr. A. P. Seddon, secretalY. The ch-irman. 1\[1'. Jarvis, (local goods manager) gave an address showing the necessity of havinO' a large number of men trained in ambulance \lork for the purpose of renderIng first aid on the railway. The presentations were then made consisting of a handsome gold mounted umbrella to Dr. Brown, and a sri ver mounted walking stick to I\l r. ::leddon. These gentlemen suitably responded, and after an exhibition of iirst aiu work the meeting closed. ~

- - -ANSWERS TO

:0: CORRl ~ SP ONDENTS .

[Our 11ll11ll!rOUS corresjJondents an heali;/;' than14ed for contributiOlls aJld cuttmgs. ] P . HAHIJ\N.-Many thanks for the enclosure . \Ve think it is excellent, but we are aflaid it is lou long for insertion anu to cut it down would spoil it. '

FtRST

20 IMPORTANT NOTICE.

W e bpg to give notice that this J ourna l will in future be published on the ] s t of the month. I n order to meet the requirements of the trade , it must be actually published by the 2 5 th or 2 6th, so we must ask all our c orrespondents to send in their contributions by the 22 nd a t the latest .

TO ADV ERTISERS. As no paper at the present day can exisi without Advertisements, we beg to draw the a ttention of Advertisprs to this Journal It has been in existence for 12 months, nas a steadily increasing circulation, a nd is the only J ou r r,al ef its kind circulating amongst firstaiders in a ll pal·ts of the world, a nd is rea d by th ous and s e v e ry mon th. These a n I fa c t s worth know i ng a nd d igesting.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION . Fat{ 12 months, IS. 6d., post free, to be sent to the Publisher, Alan Palmer & Reed, IT, Ludgate Hill, London, RC. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-" ARTERY, LONDON."

F IR ST AID. SEPTEMBER I, 1895.

The connection between our annual holiday and first aid work may at the A,:\D first glance seem somewhat remote, but a little investigation will soon conFIRST AlD . yince anyone that there is a certain connection between the two, and that it is advisable for e\'erybody who takes an annual holiday to become acquainted with the principles of rendering first aid to the injured . ,Ve know very well with what keen anticipation and delight both parents and children look forward to their yearly trip to the seaside, how young men and maidens \'ie with each other in oaettina the 0areatestpossible 0 amounl of enjoyment out of parading the beJch, promenading lhe pier, boating, cycling, and all other forms of healthy amusement and recreation that are to be found at this period of the year in this 10\'ely aud picturesque island. IL clues anyone good merely to go to a popular sea-side resort and set; the thousands of visitors disporting themselyes 011 the sands, and taking in a fresh supply of health and yigour to enable them to fight the battle of life for another year. It is at such timesas these,more than at any other penod of the year, that \\'e do not wish our feelings to be harrowed by lhe thought of any cdlamity happening, and yet we know lrom. ad expericnce that that is the particular time when fatalities and serious injuries do occur from boatinJ, bathing, being caught by the tide, railway crashes, breaking down of omnibuse5: brakes, &c., and the like. HOLIDAYS

AiD.

[ September, 1895.

The morning paper can hardly be taken up any day without coming across reports of one or more of these kind of" accidents" as they are called, but to our mind many of them are preventible, and are caused by culp:lble carelessness. At the beginning of August a railway accident occurred at Herne Bay Station, resulting in one death, and seyere injuries to a number of innocent travellers. Ashort account of it appears in another column, and it glVes us great pleasure to place on record the valuable assistance that was rendered by the local Ambulance Corps. A week or two ago a terrible accident happened in tbe Channel when the s.S. Seaford was run into, and sunk in thirty-five minutes. In this case an awful disaster was narrowly averted by the promptitude and splendid efforts of all those concerned, and, ext raordinary as it may seem, out of the 300 people on board, there was only one (according to the reports), and he was an American gentleman, who knew anything about rendering first aid to those who received injuries. Perhaps the authorities responsible for these boats, will, after the experience thu; gained, deem it advisable to have some of the officials on board trained in first aid work . Fatalities caused by people whilst bathing, getting out of their depth, or getting cramp, and also being oyertaken by the flowing tide are very numerous-in fact, it seems as though the sea must have its allotted Ilumber of yictims each year. From our experience of sea- ide towns, we are driven to the conclusion that there is amongst the seafaring population a most lamentable scarcity of men who are able to perform artificial respiration. .May we hope that those who have time and opportunity will do their best to remedy this defect. It is very sad, indeed, to observe how many people on pleasure bent, thus come to an untimely end, meeting their death in a mo t unexpected and sudden manner, many of whom we believe could be saved if first aid remedies could be applied in time. Many home circles are thrown in to the greatest despair by being thu5 suddenly deprived of one of their number accu::.tomed to share its joys and troubles, and who was in the full enjoyment of health and strength; :l gloom is cast oyer it that time only can efface, though the recollection of the lost one will still remain. A remedy can be found by means of which this condition of affairs Cdn be improved, and we ought, all of us, in our own limited way, do our best to sce it applied. Firstly, more care ought to be exercised by those responsible for gelling up excursions by land and water 'AT e are quite willing to admit that, considering the vast numbers of people who avail themselves of these outings, t he percentage of those inj ured or killed by accident is small, but it might be smaller. A signal goes wrong, a brak~ does not act, a faulty vehicle is sent out, a driver is careless, sufficient warning is noL given concerning dangerous bathing places and C1Jrrents, sailing boats are sent out improperly manned, &c., &c., and the inevitable " accident" occurs, and it is said to be " nobody's " fault. Secondly, the teaching of first :lid to the injured ought to be more general. There is great room for improve men t in this respect, although there is at present a steady increase. We should like to see more classes in the seaside towns amongst sailors and those occupied in similar work . The satisfacLion of knowing that one may be able to save a life from drowning is greal, and such knowledge ought to be widely disLributed. vVe hope and trust that ambu lance work may be so widely diffused tbat tbe"e losses of life may be Ie seneel, and then we can feel that the grand motto" pro utilitate hominum " is being acted up to.

FiRST AlD.

September, 1895.j

@ur ~ol'trait <BaIIer\? THE RIGHT Ho:-<. VrSCOU:-<T K:-<l' TSFORD, D.L., K .C.M.G.

HOSE of our read ers whose pleasure it is to ha ve met the Director of the Ambulance Department of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England will, we are sure, be more than pleased at finding his kindly features gracing our Gal1ery this month. The Right Hon. Viscount Knutsford was the eldest son of Sir Henry Holland, Bart ., M.P., the famous physician, and President of the Royal Institution of . . great Bnta1l1. Born on the 3rd August, 1825, Lord KnutsJor? ,.vas fir~t educated at ~arro\V, afterwards proceeding to r1lnlt)' College, C~mbndge, graduating in ]847. He was called to the Bar 111 1849 by the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, and although we learn from Celebribes. of tll~ Day he .did. not fin? it necessary to follow any_ pi OfeSSl?n f<:r a In-ellhood., sttll he elected to join the NOl thern Clrcuit. Unclertakll1g of a difficult and delicate nature soon devoh-ed upon him, and he was freg~lently employed by the Treasury, in conjunction with Slr \ V. Stephenson, the late Mr. George Hamilton then Secretary to the Treasury, and the late Mr. GeGrge Arbuthl.lOt, also attach.ed to the same office, to revise and reorgal1lze the establlshmtnt of various public offices among the number being the Ecclesiastical Commission' th.e ~oor Law Board, and the vVoods and Forests Com~ mISSIOn. In 18S0, he was appointed Secretary to the COI.nmon Law Commission, composed of the most emmen t la wy~rs of the day, and in 1851, although then onl~' twenty-sIx years of age, he was appointed by the LOI d Cb~ncelL~r (~ruro) to the onerous duty of drawina up lhc BIll whIch, 111 1852, became law under the title of the~oml11on Law Procedure Act, J852. This t::tskhe car.n<;d out under the direction of the late Mr. Ju tice Vv' IIlC~, one of the Royal Commissioners. The work the ?1agllltudc of which is apparent at a glance, was exec~tecl 111 a most able and exhaustive manner. In 188?, Lord Knutsford-then Sir Henry Hollandwas. ~ppoll1ted Secretary of State for the Colonies which ~osltlOn l:e heJd until Lord Salisbmy's Goye;-nment came out .111 J 892. He was raised to the peerage in 1888, by the tItle of Baror: Knutsford of Sandlebridae in t~e County ?f Cheshire, and in 1895, in recoanitlo'n of hl.S past servlces, he W:1S raised to the rank of a Viscount WIth the title of Viscount Knuls[ord. ' 1.11 March, .18 95, i:ord Knutsford joined the Order of Sq] ohn on hIS electIOn a a Knigbt of Grace, and, in the same month, on ~he resignation of Lord Sandhurst he was ~ected to the Important position of Director' of its mbulance Department, and Chairman of the Central

E xecutive Committee of the St. John Ambulance Association--a dual position which he has occupied with credit to himself, and to the benefit of both Departments. He was promoted to the rank of a Knight of Justice on July 30th. Kindly and courteous by nature, Lord Knutsford has, during- his short tenure of office, won the esteem and regard of all of those with whom he has come in contact. His accession to the position he so ably fills has undoubtedly given an extra prestige to ambulance work in general, and to that of the St. John Ambulance Association in particular, and we trust that for many years its destinies may be controlled by one who undoubtedly possesses every qualification to ensure its gre::tter success, and we venture to predict that under his guidance its influence will be brought more directly in touch with all classes, and that in the future the Ambulance Department will carry out the traditions of the Grand Old Order and its motto, " Pro utilitate hominum." - - - : 0 : - -- -

a mbulanc£ tBarabe anb 31 n~pection at ~ ellin~fl OrOunD. THE inhabitants of Wellingborough are ustly proud of their Ambulance r 'orps, and at the annual parade and ofhcial inspection of the local corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, on Saturday, there was additional evidence that the movement is extremely popular with the public. A large company assembled on the Town Ground, and took a deep interest in the many and varied movements during the afternoon. The Organizing Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Association Surgeon-Major G. A. Hutton, who was accompanied by Brigade Chief Superintendent 'V. J. Church Brasier, again undertook the duties of inspecting officer, and the esteemed Chief Superintendent of the corps, 1\1r. T. H. Woolston, assisted by Superintendents T. H. Hilton, T. E. Gravely, and J. 'V. Higgins, First Officer A. Groome, Staff Sergeants C. Clayson, H. Rixon and J. Bettles directed the movements of the corps. The number on parade exceeded 80, and the proceedings commenced with the men being drawn up in double line ready for the arrival of the inspecting officer and staff, who inspected the lines, wagon, wheel litter, hospital tent and appliances. The corps was drawn up in front of the pavilion and addressed by Mr. Monckton, M.P., who presented the first aid and nursing certificates. He said he had always taken a deep interest in the Ambulance movement, and thought that one of the first duties of the chairman of any committee was to take an interest in its work by going into the subject himself; therefore, one of his first duties was to join the ambulance class at Kingscliffe, and he was happy to say he had got his certificate. (Applause). The Technical Committee had done work for the Ambulance movement of a tentative character. They had already seen that the work was worthy of further help, and he was glad that the committee had incr~ased their gran~ to A~bulance. classes. They were also taking up the Important questIon o[ SIck nurslllg-(hear, hearl-and if they could carry into the homes of the people an elementary knowledge of this subject they would confer a very great boon upon the poorer classes of the community. (Applause). In conclusion, he assured them of his practical interest in the Ambulance movement, and he regarded field days of that character as a very helpful way of making themselves more perfect, and he wished them all success -(Applause). In his address to the corps, Surgeon-iUajor Hutton said he felt sure that the more their work was examined the better would the public appreciate it. The state of their industries at the present time, the great wear and tear of life and the numerous accidents, rendered their work more of a necessity' and he was very glad to find the movement taking root to such an' extent that the County Councils were being gradually interested in the matter.-(IIear hear). His experience was that the best way to cement class to class and man to man was in being able to assist their fellow creatures when injured, which was just what that Association was doing and he hoped that the movement would continue to reoeive the favour~ able consideration of the County Council, as well as of the public generally. Alluding to the parade that day, he said there were not quite ~o many on .parade as la~t year, but there was a marked improvement Il1 all the dnll he had wltnessed.-(IIear, hear). He was sure the Association owed a debt of gratitude to Chief Superintendent \Voolston to the local lIon. Sec. ([\[r. W. E. Audland), to his assistant (i\Ir. T. Hilton), and to the other officers in the Corps for the ready manner in which they had always behaved in the movement. It was a noble worka ,vork which could not fail to be of great benefit to every class of the community-and if they took it up in a spirit of earnestness and truth it could not fail to make them better cilizens.-(Applause}. At the close hearty votes of thanks were accorded Mr. Monckton !lnd Surgeon-Major Hutton, on the motion of Mr. Dulley, seconded by Dr. Clark.

St. 30hn Bnlbnlance Baaociation. AYLESBURY P RINTING WORKs.-At the athletic sports of this firm held on July 27th, amongst the conte5ts was a Firemen's Race for three prizes, T. Young being first, T. Speed second, and \V, cott third, This was a combination of firemen's drill and am bulance work, and was superintended and arranged by Superintendent J, F, Roche. Young \\'on very easily, <Toing about his work in a very cool aud methodical manner. The members of the Ambulance Brigade, under Superintendent J. F. Roche, were in atlendance during the whole time of the sports, but nothing of a serious nature arose to require their services. although their tent contained, as Dr. Mayhel\' described it, "everything necessary and in readiness. " D :l:-;CASTER G.~,R. PLA:-iT A;\I13ULA:.ICE CLAss Es .-The abol'e classes, formed some time ago, having gone through a course of lectures and careful training in bandaging under the care of Drs. \Vilson and Hill, assisted by the Instructor, L. L0wrison, and Secretary S. Robertshaw, went through their examination on the 31st July, Dr. :'I!artin, of Sheffield, being the examiner. Seventy-five presented themselves for examination, of which number seventy-three passed-four for medallions, seven for first re-examination, and sixty-two for first aid certificates. Afterthe examination, Dr. l\brtin expressed himselfthoroughly satisfied with the prompt manner in which the men answered the questions put to them, also:with the bandaging i one case in particular giving the doctor great satisfaction, as he had never seen it done before, viz. : A compound fracture of the thigh with other injuries, the patient being fastened in such a manner on the stretcher by the use of the triangular bandage that the stretcher could be tilted in any manner without inconvenience to the patient, After the doctor's remarks, p, Stirling, Esq" j um. (vice-president), proposed a vote of thanks to the examining doctor, also to Drs. \\'ilson and Dill for the splendid manner in which they had blought the men forward (applause). Dr. lIill replied on behalf of Dr. Wilson and himself, Dr. Wilson being unayoidablyabsent. A hearty vote of tl anks to the chairman brought a most successfu l meeting to a c1ose,-Dr. Martin had also the same e\·e ning the pleasure of examin ing twenty-three men belonging to a class in connection with the St. John Ambulance Brigade, Dr. Hallows being the Lecturer, Mr. L. Lowrison, Secretary, and 1\1r. S. R obertshaw, Assistant Secretary to this class . Dr. Martin expressed the great pleasure it had given him to meet the chss, and stated that from the ans'wers given, and the manner in whi ch the bandaging had been done, he should be able to report most fa vourahly of the class. I t has since transpired that the whole of the thirtythree passed, making a total of ninety-six for one evening. FARNHA~1.-'Ve regret to announce the loss of our President in the death of Dr. Thorold, late Bishop of Winchester, who had held office sin ce the resignation of his predecessor, Dr. Harold Browne. GLEBE.-A well attended meeting was held on May 1st in the Town Hall for the purpose of forming a branch of the Association. The chair was occupied by Alderman Cary, who apologised for the absence of the Mayor who was expected to preside. Dr. Roth having explained the objects of the association, the members of the Colon ial Sugar Company's Ambulance Corps gave an exhibition including resuscitation of persons apparently drowned (both Hall and Sylvester methods), bandaging of broken collar bone, forearm, upper arm, kneecap, and thigh, a scalp wound, and stretcher drill. It was then decided unanimously, upon the motion of Alderman Lewis G. Abrams and Mr. George " ' ilJiamson, « That it is desirable to form a branch of the St. John Ambulance Association in the Glebe," and a class was formed, a large number of those present giving in their names as members, It was announced that a class for ladies would shortly be started. POTTERI ES CENTRE.- The 42nd course of lectures for the current session was commenced at the National Schools, Chesterton, on August 15th, at 8 o'clock by Dr. Byrne. The examination of the ladies' class at Oakamoor was conducted by Dr. Bullock, at the schools, on Tuesday, August 13th. The report has not yet been received. The local hon . sec. is anxious for as many students as possible to take their re-examination vouchers and medallions before the close of the session (Michaelmas). ::,tudents eligible for re-examination are therefore requested to communicate with him at an early date. Mr. S . Malkin Copeland, the local honorary secretary to the S1. John Ambulance i\ ssociation, has received an intimation from head-quar ters that at a meeting of the Central Executive Committee, recently held at St. John's Gate, the undermentioned lecturers at the Potteries centre were unaniously elected honorary life members of the association in recognition of their ahle and valuable services as gratuitous lecturers : 1\1r. G. Stokes llauon,M .D., &c., &c., fell'castle i Mr. F . de Beauchamp ColineLte, l\I.R.C.S., &c., Silverdale; Mr. Jas. Craig, l\1.H. Edin" l\1.R .C.S. Eng., &c., Biddulph; l\lr. Ernest Makenzie, 1\1.0" &c" Cheadle; Mr. H . Langley Webb, M.R.C,S., &c., Cheadle i Mr. P. J . Byrne, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S. Ed. , &c., Chesterton. SYSTO:'l, NEAR LElCE~TER.-A;\lBULANCE OEMONSTRATION.-On Saturday afternooll, July 27th, the members of the Syston Divi sion of the Leicester centre gave their second annual demonstration o[ ambulance work on the tennis ground, High Street. There \vas a large attendance, and fine weather favoured the proceedings, which commenced with a procession t hrough the town, headed by Chief Super-

AID

[September, 1895.

intendent T. H. Buckley, JI.R .i\ .S., anu Transport Superintendent j. E. Roper, C.E., of the Leicester co rps; Superintendent Ely, Leicester Fire Brigade, Superintendent 'V, Bellt, Syston Division, and Sectional Officer :'l obbs, Woking Men's College Division, This was followed by a display of a ll round ambulance drill by members of the Syston, IUelton, and Leicester divisions, and Thurmaston class, under the directi on of Superintendent Bent. The Syston Ladies ' Division, led by l\Irs. Bruce, furni shed an interesting example of the manner in which accidents happening during a picnic should be trel.ted, several chil,iren anu ladies being pI esumed to ha \'e received fractured limbs or scalds. SOlne excellent roller bandaging being done. One of the most exciting incide nts of the afternoon was a fore-arranged" railway smash," by the Leice ster Gas di\ ision, under Superintendents James and Clayton, which tuok place on a temporary railway laid across the fIeld, A framework passenger coach, labelled" first-class to Scarborough," was fitted on t llV sets of trolley wheels llsed by the permanant way department of the railway, a nd when occupied by the members of the corps was run down a slight incline to the noisy accompaniment of fog signals. At the end of the line the" coach" collided with an obstruction and collapseu, the passengers being" burieu in the debris," so to speak r\ detachmcllt of the am bulance corps at once rushed up, and .attenued the persons injured for a variety of contingencies, demonstrating how the wreckaO'e of the train, straw, and hurdles from the surrounding fields, handkerchiefs and other material could be utili sed [or the temporary relief of the sufferers, who were subsequently carried round the field bandageel and on various kinds of litters, The expert and neat manner in which what was supposed to be very serious injuries were treated called forth much praise and excited considerable interest. Su bsequently the proceedings consisted of further ambulance uisplays, such as those needed at a scaffold accident, anu cycling accidents by the Leicester cycling clllh and ambulance division, who carried off the injured on bicycles hastily and ingeniously conl'crted into ambulance wagons, and a dispby by the St. i\Iary's Lei cester diVIsion, under Superintendent Ball. [he amblllance mo\'ements by the Syston division we re the result of trallllllg Illlparted by Dr. \V . J. Spencer as instructor to the di\'ision, and the arrangements for the day's proceedings Ilere admirably carried oliL I,y several stewards under the direction of Supt. Bent, and Mr. T. F. Bowers, the Syston sta tionmaster, who is the loca l hon , ~ec. The Systvn Town Band and the Thurmastol1 Town Band furnished instrumental music during the afternoon . \VELLINGBORO' ~u RSING nlVISIO~ -Miss ;"[ary E. ,VOOlstOIl, the Lady Superintendent of this Divisi on, has just reLurneu home from St. John's House, 'Vorcester, where she has gone thlough the usual course of training. - - - - : 0: - - - -

1llerne }$a~ laailbJa!! 'iacciilent.

Septem ber,

.drir~t ~iil

FIRST for S-eamen. [C0PY.]

Editor " Shipping Gazetle," SIR,-At the Board of Trade inquiry into the circumstances attending the running down of the yacht" Scotia" by the steamer" Penzance " when Col. Gordon and a seaman were drowned, Mr, T. YV. Lewis the Cardiff Stipendiary, in delivering judgment is reported to have said;"The promptitude displ ayed in dispatching the hoat of the 'Penzance,' was very prai seworthy, but the maste r and mate appeared to have been in total ignorance of the proper measures to be adopLd to restore the apparently drowned. Their efforts were unskilful, clumsy, and not persisted \\'ith as long as they should have been," :\1 ~t y I ask you to point a moral from this case by assisting to make known the faci lities now existing for easily acquiring the knowledge found wanting on board the" Penzance," and unfortunately absent from on board too many other ships, Ambulan ce classes are constantly open at the !'.Iissions to Seamens' Institute at Poplar, and at our rooms in Fenchurch Street whenever eight or more memhers offer themselves for instruction i als~ at many nf the olltpons. EI'ery seaman, especially every master and officer, including of course el'ery engineer, should go through the course under the all spices of the St. John ,\mbll\;tnce Association at the places mentioned. ,\ grave responsibility rests on those \\'ho having the opportunity fail to use it.-Yours, etc. ( igned) A. G. FRO UD . Shipmasters' Society, London. 15 th A ugust, 1895.

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jfirat Bib 1Rccorb. BI ' RNU\". - On Jllly 17th , a hoy wa s playing with a numher of others when he had thc misfortune to fall from a weft skip anel hre"!k his arm William lhngay, a member of the above division, went to hi s assistance; applyIng splInts and handage!', and doing hi s work in s uch a manner as not only to he a credit to himself but to the corps to \\'hich he belongs, -On July 27th a young man fe ll and injured his :lI1kle, when "'illiam H, Pearce, another member, rendered first aid,-On July 28th, " Ti lliam nangay also rendered first aid in a case of spraineu ankle. FARNHJ\M.-Five cases were reported during the month of July, the most serious being incised wound in thiO'h throuo-h kick from horse I b' b narrowly mlsslllg femoral artery. " ' ound attended to by Mr. A, Smith. -On i\U gUSt 2nd, the same member, with Dr. "Vorsam, put up a compound fracture ~f leg ca.used by barr~l falling on man's leg, and patIent taken hy rad to Guddford I Tosp ltal by i\Iessrs. McConnochle and Baker. ••

On Thursday, August 1st, a serious accident occurreu on the Lond<lll, Chatham and Dover Railway line at this town, It appears that the Thursday London to Herne Bay excursion was in an up-siding prepar-, ing to start for home; the train being too long for the platform, howeler, two carriages were disconnected from the main train and shunted on to the main line the opposi te side of the pia tform, for the tra vellel5 to get in, 'While in this position a goods train came into the station at a good speed, and the driver, being unable to pull up in time, crashed into the two coaches, completely wrecking one, the engine of the goods going half way through it. In all, six passengers were more or less injured. Dr. E. C. Fenoulhet, Hon. Surgeon to the Herne Bay Corps, was very quickly on the spot with two other medical gentlemen, and the injured people were atLended to . Three passengers were sent back to town being able to travel, but Mr. and Mrs. IIarrison, and their child, were badly injured. 1\1:'. Harrison was suffering flOm severe scalds from the steam of the goods engine, and had to be taken to the waiting room on a carriage seat to have his injuries atLendecl to i his little girl wa s also severely sca ld ed, and i\lrs, Harrison badly bruised and shaken. The Herne Bay Corps being imLl.lediately telephoned for, Lhe messenger, IV, Cullen, called the members very quickly, and supcrtendent J . F. Shelley, first officer H. A, \'a sse, staff sergeant F. R.. Evans, with privates H, VVoodcock and II. J. Greenland starLed fOI the station, a distance of abo ut Ii miles from the Town IIall, where the stretcher, &c., is kept. When about half way they se ized upon a landau and good horse, and were ta.ken up a.t a gallop, reaching the scene of the accident in less than 10 minutes after the ca ll. They removed Mr. Llarri son to the Cottage Hospital on the stretcher, having to carry him the whole way, as at present they possess no "Ashford ", wbile Mrs. H arrison and the child were taken down if! the landau, HEI(NE BAY A1I1I3UI.ANCE CORl's.-On l\londay, August 19th, the celebrated Herne Bay Minstrels gave a grand entertainment in the Pier Pavilion on behalf of the Herne Bay Corps, to ra ise su ffi cient funds to purchase the necessary" Ashforu" before mentioneu. The concert was such a success that after expenses being settled, £12 5s. \\'a5 handed over to the Corps, who feel deeply grateful to their kind benefactors, and this shows too, that, Ambulance men are n:lt the only ones who are working for the good cause. It is hopeu that the litter wi ll arrive in Herne Bay in the course of a few uays.

1 Rg ~

•

GLASGO\\·.-On July 25th, a coachman sustained an inci sed wound oYer his right eye (which bled freely), and skin abrasions of left shoul?~r and :trm, through a horse havi ng shied and bolted while exerCISIng, draggll1g hl~ll about 50 yards alonO' the ground, 111eeding was sto pped, fir st dreSSIng and bandage applieu to arm and shoulder, and he was. taken home.-On Jul). 3GLh ) a lillIe b O'irl' whil e phlyin hO") fell . an d came In contact 11'ILh thc corner of a cha ir in her father 's hou se causing a large incised wound across her nose. The bleeding wa~ stoPl?ed, and plaster and lxtndages applied until the arrival of Dr. :Vrlham Chalmers (who aIm treated the abol'e). First aid was rendered In the above case,s, as well as two others of trining nature, by I\\. ~l, ['dunn, GIa!'gow SaJvage Corps.-()n August 3rd, a man while in the act of pushing" open a glass door slipped, and his arm accidently went through th.c ghss, c:lllsing a large dcep in cised II'ound of rig-ht forearm, whIch bled freely. First aid was velY promptly rendered by :'[r. H . \V ood, InspecLOr of Corps of the St. Andrew's Ambulance Assocl:l.tlon, who stopped bleeding, and applied first dressing with bandagmg. The wound was afterwards stitched by a doctor.

\y.

KE~\\,ICK.-On July 30th, whe n Mr. J. \V. Lowther, M.P., arrived at KeSWIck the crowd, moved by political excitement, unyoked the horses an~ draggeu the carriage through the town. On the journey down the mall1 street three or four people got under the wheels, and it was found ~hat one, William Pitt, was severely injured by the wheel passing over hIS head. Some members of the ambulance corps were present and bandaged the injured man, and cOIl\·eyed him on a stretcher to his home .. DocLOrs were quickly in attendance, but life was pron ounced to be extlllcl. The thre~ other men were slighLly inj ured abollt the chest.-A boy named Crookes, aged about 9 years, son of Mr. Joseph ~Iookes, sett maker, Blencathra Cottages, Threlkelu, while playinoIII Fltz Park d~ring the Friendly Society'S sports, walked in the wa~ of one of the SWll;gS whereon two girls were amusing themselves. The seat struck hIm Just above the forehead and knocked him dowll. For a short ti~1e the lad was un conscious, having sustained concussion of the bram as well as a scalr wound. It so happened that three

AI D.

members of the Ambulance Brigade (Messrs. J. Gardiner, J. I. Wardle, and A. Panter) were on duty in the park, and their stretcher was within a fe\V feet of the scene of the accident. They picked Lhe lad up and carried him to Dr. Knight's surgery, where Dr. Russell attended to him. He was permitted to sleep there for a time and the Ambulance men afterwarus took him by train to Threlkeld and bore him home on the stretcher. "Te learn that he is now recoverin<T b satisfactori ly. ROYTON,-At the sports on July 6th, during the pony race one of the nders was unseated, and the riderless animal jumped the ropes kicking a man, nameu John Connor, on the head. D. Stansfield, of the Roy ton Ambulance Cor ps, renuered first aid, and the inj ureu man was able to go home shortly afterwards. IVIN SFOIW.-Since our last issue a considerable number of cases ha\'e been ~ealt with by the members of this corps, amongst which are the follOWIng :-A young woman cut her hand badly, and it bled very much, Superintendent lI eathcote and Private Denson applied tourniquet effectually, washed and bound up the part, and sen t her to the doctor. An old man fell unconscious wi~h his head on the rim of a boiling salt pan and narrowly escaped bemg scalded to death, Superintendent IIe:tthcote and Pn vate Stubbs rendered fir st aid and stayed with him untt! fit to be sent home i he refused to see a doctor. A air! o-ot her forearm fractured, and had first aid rendered by First Orfi(e/hate~ hefore the arril'al of a doctor, who said ith:td been well done, rril'ate ~lul\ ock has. had two cases, first a child who was run Ol'el, badly shaken anu brUIsed, anu secondly he was sent for by Dr Sin clair to assist him in stitching up a youth's arm which was badly torn. First Officer Bates and Primtes l\Iullo~k, Dens?n and Boden had a I'ery bad case on July 30th, when Captal.n BeSWIck of the s.s, "Algeria" wa s shockingly ~angled by the failIng of t~e boom; he was simply smashed up, but lived untd an hour after beIng got home; Drs Okell and Sinclair said ev~rything ~ossible wa~ done prior to their arrival, and the captain skJ!fully carned home WIth the least possi ble pain .

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$t. ~ni)t'dtl'~ ~mClulan(e ~~~ociatfon. ~NNUAL INSPECTION OF BRA:.ICH SECTIO:.ls,-l\Ir. 'V. H. Wood, Onll In structor and Inspe ctor of COl ps of Lhis Association visited the Caled~nian Rail:l'ay Company's section at Carstairs on J u'I y 3rJ, and found It most satIsfactory i also on July 2 I st he visited the Caledonian Railway Company's section at Stirling, with the same result althouO'h some were prevented from attending owing to being on d~ty. The average strength of each corps is about 37. The Inspection took the form of a few exercises in stretcher and improvised seat drills application of triangular bandage in its different forms for fractu;es &c. The inspecting officer thoroughly satisfied himself as to the me~lbers of each corps being able to treat any case of emergency with proficiency. -Also on August lIth the Caledonian Railway Company's l\Iotherwell secti on was inspected by ;\Ir. VVood. This corps was under the commar:d of Capt. R . White, and found satisfactory. The plant and equIpment IS In good order i the average strength is So members. COLLEGE 1 . B .. RAILWAY A~IB U LA:.ICE CORPS.-The annual picnic and sports of thIS corps was held at Barloch Farm , MilnO'avie " , on 18th Ju ly, There was a good turn-out of members and friends. A varied programme of sports was gone through. The weather was all that ~oul.d be desired and :l 1ll0 ~ t tlljllyable day ~pcnt. The prizes were dlstnbuted to the successful competitors by Dr. William Chalmers. Programme, 200 Yards Race in Hea ts (:! prizes), 1<;t ,,', Liddle, 2nd W. Hall i Sack Race (1 prize), ,\. Garden i Fil'e-a-side Football Tournament winners, S. A, lJo~lstons's team.; Married Ladies Race (I pri zc), Mrs' Chnstle i IIalf l\lJ!e Ra.ce (1 pnzes), 1st A. G:lnlen, 2nd G. r. O'Neili . Single Lac1i~s Race (1 prize),.l\liss B. Uouston ; Old Men's Race 15~ yards (3 pn zes) , 1st A, SmIth, 2nd N. l\IrLean. Judae S. A. IIouston i LIandicapper, 1\. P. Wilson i Referee, J. C~lderwood. Secretary, J. Gibson.

--------.0 ; -------SOUTH EAST LA:'ICASHIRF..-The first general meetino- of this newly formed division ":as held in the Town lIall , Rochdale, on July 29th, when the followll1g officers were elected . President \Villiam I-hudman, E~q., l\Iayor ~f Rochdale; Chairn11.n of ~ommittee,' James R. Lee, Esq., MIddleton; 1 reasurer, Charles Buck , E sq , Chief Constable Rochdale i Secretary, Willi am Ingham. Rochdale. I't was also decided t~a~ .Rochda~e should be the. head-quarters for the present year. The dIVISIOn conslstso[ the followlllg corps :-Rochdale, IIeywood, TOltington, RoyLon, Middleton and 13acup. [t is the intention of the officers and representatives to hold meeting!': durinO' the winter in towns in the district where no corps exist and try to establish them and thus increase the number of the divisions. The first review and d~rnonstration is to be held on the 2+th August.

FIRST

st. 30bn Bnlbulance :fl3rigabe. BABBINGTON.-Lord Knutsfonl inspected the Ambulance Corps in Basford Park, near Nottingham, on July 2yd. The men looked exceedingly neat and military in their uniforms, and were under the command of Captain George Fowler and Surgeon :\'eilson. Following upon the o-ener<tl 5<1.1 ute a nd in spection, exhibition o[ t.!rill, b<tnuaging, ambulanc~ work, &c., was given by the men. Lord Knutsford, after the march-past, spoke in high term~. of the excellence of their work, general bearing, and efficiency. He pointed out the great importance of this work in war or in peace, and added that what Shakespe<tre said o[ mercy might be well applied to ambulance work: "It is twice blessed, it blesseth him that gives and him that takes; " for by such wO) k they learned the spirit of patience anu self sacrifice and com pas,i on towards those who were suffering. Surgeon Major Hutton assisted at the inspection, and was evidently w( 11 recognised by the men. The brass hand of the brigade, consisting of 27 performers, was in attendance and playeu the marches with great spirit. B((TSTOL.-(SECTfO B.)-THE BROAD PLAIN HO Us E.-On Saturday. July 20th, a garden party in aid of the Bristol hospital, and other medical charities, was held at the Zoological gardens. Clifton, at which a d monstration of sel'eral ambulance corps, organised by \1r. G. H. Leonard, M.A., di visional sec for East Bristol was given. The following corps, viz., The Broad Plain I louse corps and the Midland Railway corps, under Supt. C . T. Pennington and first officer 'Viltshire, and Messrs. J. S Fry and .... ons' corps, under Mr. i\Ieach.,m, marched from the Broad Plain House, St. Philips, to the gardens, and gave the following demonstrationsthere:-lst, a football scrum resulting in two fractured thigh3, and c:uried away by (a) Regulation b) Improvised Stretchers; 2nd, Sprained ankle, treated by Fry and Sons' corps; 3rd, different ways of bandaging fractures, &c., of the head and (h) wounds on the limbs, &c.; 4th, Hand seat drill (military); 5th, Roller bandaging by Broad Plain House ladies' corps; 6th, Man on fire, resulting in hurn on the arm. This item which was very instructive and amusing was greaLly applauded by the audience. 6th, Drowning case. During this case a lady in the audience was seen to turn her head from the platform. and heard to S'l)" "The man has a fit, and those horrid people are watching." At the conch.sion of the day a display of fireworks was given, this ended by a set piece entitled the" Good Samaritan," which being the emblem of the Broad Plain House cor ps, was loudly cheered by them. This ambulance procession is said to have been the longest ever seen in Bristol, and would have been still longer had the weather been fine. BURNLI!.Y.-PADIHAM ROAD.-On Saturday afternoon, August 3rd, the members of this detachment, through the kind offices of Dr. G. H. Rowe, were rermitted to inspect the Victoria Hospital. Dr. Rowe himself conducted the ambulance men, and explained to them all the apparatus, the methods of ventilation, &c. in detail, and after a lengthy investigation of the wards, :vir. H. "'pencer (House Committee) afterwards conducted them through the cellars, washhouses, engine house and shewed them the system of regulating the temperature of the hospital, after which Dr. Rowe and Nlr. H. !-'pencer were accorded a very cordial vote of thanks for the kind manner and for the trouble they had taken in shewing and explaining so minutely every detail: Dr. Wilson (House Surgeon) was also heartily thanked for permi ssion to visit the has· pital. There were allout 26 members present. C I(}o.\\·E.-The monthly drill of the above corps was held on 19th August, when a large number assembled for uriP . A special featu)e \\ as the visit of ~upt. Heath cote, 1st office r Buckley, and Pri \'ate btulbs of the VVinsford Corps, who appeared in the full uniform of the brigade. Supl. IIeath cote addressed the Crewe Corps, and pointed out the advantage of having- uniform, and recommended that the Crewe corps should make an effort to procure uniform as early as possible. lie, stateu that the public of Winsford had most liberally supported them anu he haa no doubt the people of Crewe would similarly support the Crewe Corps. Supt. Heathcote then put the corps through sorr.e military and stretcher and bearer drills, which was well carried out. 1nspector Hill proposed a vote of thanks to t he visitors for their appearance in lmiform, which was seconded by P rivate Williams, this bringing the meeL!ng to a close PETI!.I(St'lELIJ The successful pupils who have been attending the classes held by Dr. Brown field, th is season recei ved thei r certi ficates, medallions, &c., at the Red Lion Uotel:\ssembly Room, the meeting bei 19 presided O\'er by Mr. J. Bonham-Carter, J.I'., C.c., the President of the Petersfield Corps, who made the presen tations The company numbered nearly 100. Dr. Brownfield having opened the proceedings, Mr. Bonham Carter then rose, amidst great applause, and made a very humorous and interesting speech, concluding wi th some remarks upon the work of the County Council in regard to the technica l education classes. Mr. Tew (hon. secretary) was presented with a si lver medallion in appreciation of his work. Votes of thanks we) e passed to the chairman, the lect urer, and the o(fi('er~ of the Ambulance Brigade.

AID.

[September. 1895 .

POTTERIES.-List of Meetings and D ri lls: Sept. {st, 3. I 5 p.m., Round Hou se, Stoke-on-Tren t; Sept. 2nd, 8 p.m., Church Schools, Etruria; Sept. +th, 7.30 p.m., The School, Leycett; Sept 5th, 7.30 p.m., The Schools, vVaterhouses; Sept. 6th, 7.+5 p.m., Old T own Hall, Newcastle i Sept. 8th, 3.15 p.m , Round H ouse, Stoke-an-Trent; Sept. loth, 8 p.m., Glass Street Schools, IIanley; loth 7.30 p.m., Th e Schools, Grindon; Sept. 13th, 8 p.m.,Town Hal1,Burslem; Sept. I5th,3.I5 p.m., Round House, Stoke-on-Trent; Sept. 16th, 8 p.m., Church Schools, Etruria; Sept. 20th, 7.45 p.m., Old Town Hall, ewcastle; Sept. 22nd, 3.15 p.m., Round Hou se, Stoke-on-Trent; Sept. 2+th, 8 p.m ., IGIaSS Street Schools, Hanley; Sept. 25th, 8 p.m., Office Yard, Brook Street, H:ll1Iey; Sept. 27th, 8 p.m., Town Hall , Burslem; Sept. 29th, 3.15 p.m., Round House, Stoke-on-Trent; Oct. 4th, 7.45 p.m., Old Town Hall, " ewcastle; Oct. 8:h, 8 p.m ., Glass Street Schools, Han ley. There will not be a meeting at Cauldon Low this month.-S. Malkin Copeland, Local lIon. Director. REA DING.-On Bank Holiday the Reading Temperance Soc iety offered to put up a tent if the Reading corps would attend t heir fete. A detachment of seven men and one nursing sister were on duty, anu rendered first-aid in four cases. ROYTON .-A number of the male <lnd female members of the Roy ton ambulance corps, attended the sports and gala at Hopwood Park on Saturday, 6th July. The result of the ambulance competition was highly cred itable to the Roy ton competitors, and speaks well for the efficiency of the corps. The first prize of £3 was awarded to R oy ton, which Corps was composed of Messrs. D. Stansfield, P. Lomas, Their opponents were the Oluham D. Ball and J. S. Buckley. Volunteer Ambulance Corps. The Roy ton ladies were not opposed, n.nd sections competed ag.Linst each lother. They were a"'arLied a £2 prize. On Saturday evening, Augu st loth, the memhers of the Roy ton Ambulance Corps,held their first dinner and soc ia l in the ambulance room, Mr. D . Stansfield presiding. A lengthy programme was gone through consisting of songs, recitations, and various games. .\ very enjoyable evening was spent, and the proceedings terminated at half-past ten p.m. SHREWSBURY CORPS.-Drills have been held regularly since the formation of the Brigade, and the corps has proved itself useful on sel'eral occasions. The corps was in attendance at the Horticultural Sholl' helu in Shrewsbury on the 2 IS~ and 22nd August, when variolls cases were effectually treated.

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS Will be paid to the Representatives of the purchaser of FIRS l' A I 0 in case of death as provided below, by The Sickness and Acc ident Assuranc e Asso ciation. L td . Head Office :-2+, YORK PLACE, EDINB URGH. L ondon Office :-6+, l\100RGATE STREET. LONDON, E.C. To whom notice of Claims under the following conditions must be sent WITHrN THREE DAYS. Ap p.t ;ab la to Pas· s e nger Trains in G reat Britain & Ireland . ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid hy the above Insurance Company to the Legal representatives of any person killed by a n a :cident to the train in which the deceased was an ordinary passenger, or who shall have been fatally injured thereby, should death resu lt within 2~ hours after such accident. Provided that at the time of sllch accident the person so killed or fatally injured was the owner of F fRST AID for the current month, containin g this Coupon legibly signed with hi s or her usual signature in ink or pen cil, both time and sign a ture being of the essence of the contract.

£100

Signatun ..... ......... ..... ....... ...... .................. ........ ........................ .

Address This Insurancs is limited to one Coupon to each holder, and is not invalidated by any l nsuran.ce with thi.s.or any other Acc.id~nt ,ColTI1?any. [t is subject to the ordmary con~)tl?ns of the ASSOCIation s Acc)de)~t Policies. and is in force from mtdmght, 1st Septembel', 1895, lIntll midnight, Tst October. 18Q5·

PriDted for the Propnetors by W. J. GOODJI, 88, Clerkenwell Road. a.nd publililhbu by ALAN

PJ.LMlm and HIl.ED, Ilt 11, Ludgate

Rill. E.t".

• A

JOURNAL

No. 16. -VOL . II.

DEVOTED

[Ente1'eriatStationers' Hal!.]

AMBULANCE

at the time of the publication of our last number a fire occurred at our printers) Mess rs. Goode Bros.) 'of 88) Clerken well Road. It happened in the evenin a and completely gutted the extensive premises consisti~)a of six floors, and destroyed all the machin~ry, type, &c. It was commonly reported in the papers the nex t ddy that the whole current issue of this Journal was burnt but, krtunately for us, it had just been sent out to th~ binders, and was consequently saved. There were some very narrow escapes of the work people, who got on to the roof) and descended through 3.djoinin a pre. mIses. First aid assistance was promptly rend~red by some members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade ",110 were at the, Head Quarters. ,Ve need hardly say. that Messrs. Go~d e have our fullest sympathy in theIr loss) more especIally as we understand lhat it is not wholly covered by insurance.

*-Ii- * Those interest cd in ambulance work should read the stati:,tics of violent death s in Engbnd for 1893. It will be seen that there were 17)134 deaLhs from violence and 2)599 from suicide) mak ing a grand total of 19,723 d~aths from other than natural causes. The number of accidents not resulting in death is not stated, but judain a from other statistics) this large number must be m~ltiplied a good many times to arrive at the total number of accidents. If only multiplied by 10 that gives 170,000, but probably the figure ought to be so mewh ere near 40, when we should have a total of 680,000 accidents happeninO" in the course of a year. This number is certainly appall~lg) and makes one reflect upon the amount of ambulance work that is necessary to cope with all these cases. Drowning seems to cause more deaths amongst males than anything else) and burns and scald amongst fema les. Th ere is no dou bt that instruction in first aid ought to be systematically taught, and it behove::, all persons who take interest in public affairs to look into the matter. Our correspondent also sends the stati tics of street accidents in London that are reported by the police from which it appears that 6,336 accidents, and 172 deaths occurred in the streets of Lond on in 1893. This is exclusive of the City. These figures are more eloC!uent than allY words can possibly be, and demonstrate most conclusively the necessity-the pressing necessity-of an ambulance service for Lond on . 1 he more the matter is enqu ired into, the greater surprise will be felt that no public efforts have yet been made to supply the want . When we come to ask what provisiun is made by the authorities responsible for the safety and welfare of the public to m eet this crying want) the answer is Practically nothing. These 6,500 accidents are left to' the care of pOlicemen, nearly all of whom are ignorant of first aid treatment and transport work) and who) by the means of antiquated litters and four-wheeled cabs, convey these ca es whic~l requil:e delicate handling to the hospitals. \Vhatever IS done 111 the WdY of ambulance work is performed by voluntary associat ions, and was not at first

WORK. PRICE ONE PENt 'Yo

OCTOBER, r895.

)5rebttte~. IT will d ou btless be remembered by our readers tha t

***

very cordially received by the Metropolitan Police. \Vhether it is possible to rouse any of our lo cal authorities to \'iew this subject in a pr')per light we do not know, but si nce rely trust that the coming winter will See ~o mething attempted at the least. --------:0;--------

[[lbv sf)oulb lonbon [[taft?

\Ve cull the following from our American contemporary the ~Yl'n' To?·k Times. It is evident that our French cousins are determineu to be up to date in Ambulance and Hygienic matters.. "'hen will the authorities who are responsible in London awaken to the fact that we are rapidly being left uehind in this work. "Among the passengers on the steamship Aurania, which reached this port la5t \Vednesuay, was Dr. Henri .\"achtel, commi~sioned by the French Government to investigate the workings of the Boards of Health in the principal cities of the United States, for the purpose of introducing into the French Health Department such methods as might be found an improvement over the system employed in France. Dr. T,1chtel will remain in America for an inuefinite period, and make a thorough study of the methods of the ;.\ ew York Board of IIealth. also that of \Vashington and of other Amp.rican cities. The commission was in part tendered to Dr . .t\achtel in recognitIon of his valuable services in the introduction of the Ame) ican amhulallce system ill Paris. Commissioner Nachtel is well known in Xew York, where he liveu for a number of years until he returned to Paris in IS I, after hal'ing become a naturalized American. He practised in this city, and in 1879, after realising the necessity of establishing a night medical senice for the poor, caused a bill to be framed and i'ltroduced into the Leo-islature, which, after being approved by the medical fraternity, subsequently became a law, and has since been in force. By this law the different police stations are furnished with a list of physicians who may be called upon when occasion requires, and who must answer to such a call. Dr . .:-Iachtelleft for Paris in ISSr, [or the purpose of introuucing the Xew York hospital ambulance service in the French capital. This service was carried on through philanthropic societies organized for the purpose of furnishing funds, and after a number of years, was accepted by the municipal authorities. Since hst February the ambulance service has become a public service. . The system now in operation in Paris, is considerably ahead of that in use here,' said Dr. rachtel to a reporter for the .J.l"en· rO?·TI Ti II/('S recently. 'The Parisian ambulance is so constructed that it can be thrown open or closed, as the aLtending surgeon may deem ad visable. The vehicle runs much easier and smoother. Each apothecarv is directly connected by pri\'ate telephone with the hospital, thus facilitating matters . The rule gOI'erning accidents and medical cases in Paris is: The patient is taken to the nearest apothecary, where he Jeceives immediate attention . \\'hen the ambulance arrives the surgeon is compelled to take charge of the case, irrespective of its nature. Should the patient so elect, he is taken hy ambulance to his home, otherwise he is taken to the hospital. If there the case proves one for the police it is transferred to that departmen t. Th e French Government has now become cOlwinceu of the efficacy of the sy~tem,1.nd it is being rapidly introduced in the other citie, of France. Before another year I feel convinced it will be in operation in all the principal cities of that country.'"

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jLonbon .;:,tre£1

~(dbent~,

1893.

IN the returns of accidents known to the police (Metropolitan), during t he year 1893, some interesting figures are shown . In the list of persons killed, I see that q8 we) e killed in the st reet in the day (6 n.l\ll. to 9 p.m.) and :q in the night (9 p.m. to 6 a.m.), anu ++ of these were children under 5 years of age. Uncovered vans causeu +9 deaths, and covered vans 20; then hansoms and light carts 19 anu 16 respectil'e\y. No deaths were caused by cycles. Tearly every kind of vehicle has been guilty of one or more deaths. The co)responding number of dea ths in 1892 was :+3. The number of persons 'illjll?WZ was 6,336. Hansoms head the li st with 1,276, light carts next with 1,202, cycles come out rather prominently with 609 to their creuit ; un covered vans caused 83+ acciuents, and covered vans 528. Theages of those injured range from under 5 to over 60. Tvking the average it will he seen that three people are killed and 121 injureu every week throughout the year in the metropolitan are.t. No detai ls are g iven as to the nature of the accidents or the method of transport used. I hope to get the returns of the City police in a short time. The report for 189-1 is not yet out. CllrRl' I{GL":3,

FIRST

m1iOltllt mratJ)s, 1893. THE annual report of the Registrar General for 1893 contains some very interestil,g figures under the above heading. The particular modes of death are placed under 13 groups, and the figures are wort hy of attention. The total number of deaths, excluding suicides, is males 12,083, and females 5,0+1. I find that 781 males and 52 female s were killed on the railways; on vehicles other than railways 1,089 males and 232 females lost their lives. I see that 230 males and only 12 females were killed by horses. In the group of burns, scalds and explosiom, 1,061 males and 1,290 females have suffered death. It should be noticed that more women than men are killed by this kind of accident-a fact that should be born in mind by first-aiders-and doubtless is largely due to the inflammable nature of the femde attire. Drowning, however, claims more victims than any other cause, and is remarkable from the large preponderance of males, who total 2,3+3, whilst the females only number 40+ Suffocation, too, is the cause of death to I,IIg males and 1,021 females. \Veather agencies are answerable for the deJths of 318 males, and 89 females. Under falls are given the deaths of 1,4 fO males and 1,089 females. In mines and quarries, 1,128 males and one female lost their lives. On going further into details some more interesting facts are brought out. Of the number killed on the railways, 587 have met their deaths by being run over, and only 3 by collision. Of the deaths caused by vehicles other than railways, carts and vans are responsible for more than half, whilst ticycles and tricycles have caused 16 deaths. Under burns, scalds, and explosions, most of the deaths are caused by simple burns and scalds, lamp accidents causing q8, conflagrations 7 I, most of the victims being under five years of age. Deaths caused by the dress catching fire are not specified, but many ~f them would probably come under the heading- of lamp accidents, or It burns otherwise," which are put down as 881 for women, and 587 for men. Out of the large number of deaths by drowning, it is strange to see that only 24 are caused by shipwreck, and 2 I by colltsion. As may be expected, most of those drowned are adults. Perhaps the extension of first !lid knowledge, and especially how to perform artificial respiration wou:d lessen this awful total. Under suffocation it is shocking to see that nearly all of those killed are infants under the age of one year, and suffocated It in bed." Food and foreign bodies caused 122 deaths out of the total. Under weather agencies, lightning is responsible for 2g deaths, sunstrc ke for 2+3, and exposure to cold and gelatio for 135 deaths. This is another important fact for ambulance WOl kers showing the necessity of knowing all about the treatment of sunstroke: A large number of deaths, 697, took place from poisons on the male side, lead heads the list with 107, after t hat comes opium al~d chloroform anci carbolic acid. There were 79 deaths from poisonous gases of various kinds. SurCIDES.-This melancholy subject is cerk1.inly worth perusal, and shows figures which ,:re hi~hly int~resting. First taking males, I find that 1,940 succeeded 111 takmg their own lives. 62 killed themselves on the. railway by being run over, 248 died by gunshot wound, alld 373 by kntfe; burns are answerable for 4, poisons and poisonous vapours for 209, hanging for 572, drowning for 363, jumping from a height for 46, and deaths" otherwise or not stated how" are 6 1. l.ooking at the ages at which death occurred, it is sad to see that even the small number of 7 is under the age of IS years became tired of life . Looking at the other end of the scale, 5 of 85 and upwards were unable to wait for the natural termination of their lives. The greatest n umber of deaths occurred in the decade between 45 and 55 corresponding to those on the female side. This does not seem as if'" love" or sentiment was the cause of most of the suicides, for people at middle age have got over th at feeling-it points more to failure in bu siness or to a disappointed life at an age when the vital powers are on the decline. Hanging is the mode of death chiefly made use of, especially by men between 55 and 65, then the next favourite is the knife-cut throat ~robably--:-the~ dr~wning, gun shot wounds, and poisons . In this last lIst carbohc a~ld s~lll seer,ns.to be the fa voured drug, after that opium, and then oxa lIc aCId. NitrIC and :hydrochloric acids caused 6 deaths and ammonia 4. Other drugs give a small percentage. ' On the female side 659 perished in thi s way 218 from drowninO' 161 . ' b' f rom pOisons, 134 f rom h anging, 81 by knife, including 3 from gun-shot wounds, 38 from falls, 9 from run over on the railway line 3 from bums and 16 " otherwise or not stated." " . There are 8 deaths below IS years, but only one over 85. Drowning seems to be the favourite method among the fair sex and then we O'et poisoning, and. here aga,in carbolic acid is taken mo:e freely than a~y thll1g else, opium comll1g next and then oxalic acid, very much in the same propo:tion as on the male side. The percentage of deaths at the sentimental age is small showing that yonng people can as a rule get over ,I love" troubles . . From a first-aider's jJoint of view, it is interesting to note what kmd of cases we are ltkely to have to deal with as far as suicides are concerned. Hanging, drown ing wounds by weapons and poi sons -chiefly carbolic acid and opium~are the most frequ'ent cause of death, and therefore the treatment of these particular kinds of cases ought to be born in mind. CHIR lIRGUS.

AID.

[October, 1895.

Drop o%eb' jJleEu ~ nlbulan(e ~ tation, ;{fort ~HI, JlffI en'gate. KEELE'S J1I(wgate and Ralll sgate Razdt(', ays:" Of all the benevolent insti tut ions of which Margate can boast we venture to think that few can sholl' a greater record of good work, in proportion to its annual expenses, ttal) the Margate corps of tie St. John Amrulance Brigade. The assistance given by its members to visitors and residents is often of most vitaL importance, being rendered by trained and experienced men who year after year h ave given their services, not for fee or reward, tut simply for the love of the ,york. vVhen such an in stitution as this is ask in g for a modest SU111 of £150 wherewith to build a suitabLe station for the housing of its appliances, one would think double that amount would soon be subscribed if it were needed. But as this appeal for the small sum of £150 has been announced some few months, and there is still £+0 to £50 wa nted to make up the required sum, we thought a short description of its work in Margate, by the p opu lar Superintendent might meet the eye and stir the practical sympathy (:wd sympathy if not practi ca l is very little u se where bricks and mortar are concerned) of many visitors and residents who would glad ly help if t he claims of so valuable an institution were brought to their notice. SUf t. Troughton writes :-1 The S1. John Ambulance Brigade :\l argate Corps was formed in June, 188o, to render first aid to the public in general, and "as the first corps established in England. The services are entirely voluntary, and the members of the Corps receive no remuneration whate,'er. All donations received are applied to the working expenses of the c)t'ps and in providing new appliJnces for the removal of the injured. Since its formation assistance has been given in over 400 cases of accident, injury, or removal of invalids by reques t of t he medical profe ssion , and over roo of these conveyed to the Margate Cottage IT ospital. The ilwalid vis itors arriving in Margate by tra in a r e frequently, by medical request, assisted by the corps, and as many accidents occur during t he se.lson to visitors the services of the corps are frequently called into requisition. All fires occurring during the night are attended by the corps, in case of accident. and on several occasions their assistance ha s bee n requ ired. The Superintendent generally accompanies the lifeboats, with a view to rendering first aid to the injured, and it is seldom that one of our lifeboats starts on its perilous journeys without him. Everything is done by the corps in the w~y of appliances to facilitate the quick and easy removal of the inj ured. In the year r893, a sailor who had fallen from the mast and fmctured his thigh, was fetched by the co rps from a ship in the Margate Roads between the hours of nine and twelve at nigh t , and uncler exceptiona l difficulties brought ashore and conveyed to the Cottage Hospital.'" Such work as this is worth y of all support, and we can but hope that not on ly will the resident s rccogni ~ e the de\ o .ed services of Sup.t. Tloug h ton and his little ba n d of Le!pel s, but t1 at many visito-s to tillS fayourtte watering place will splre a little towards so g ood an ohject . At some future period we shall hope to gi\ e an ill u" tration of th e station for the benefit of officers in oth er parts of the country who may be contemplat ing the erection of rer manent Head Quarters.

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iIDrtll @tller%. CYCLISTS' DIVISION, ~IETROPOLITAN CORPS.

Oct. 7. Drill at H ead Quarters, St. John's Gatc, 7.30 p.m . Oct . 14. Drill at H ead Quarters, St. Jobn's Gate, 7.:-:\0 p.m. Oct. 21. Bandaging In truction (triangular), by Mr. C. AInu P a lm er, at 11, Lnc1gate Hill, 7 p.m. Oct. 28. Drill at lIead Quarters, St. John's Gale, 7.30 p.m. PO 'l"l'ERIES CORPS.

Oct. 2, 7.30 p.m., Schools, Leycett (wo11nc1s and drill); Oef. 3, 7.30 p .m., School::;, vVatel'houses; Oct. 4, 7.45 p .m., Old Town IIfLll, Newcastle ; Oct. 6, 3.15 p.m. , Round H ouse, N.L. Ry., Sloke; Oct. 8,8 p.m., Church Scbools, Etruria; Oct. 8, H p.m., GlilKs 8trcc[; Schools, lIanley ; Oct. 8, 7.30 p.m., Schools, Grindon; Oct. 11, 8 p.m., Town Hall, Burslem; OcL. 13, 3.15 p.m., Hound HOllse, Stoke ; Oct. 15, 8 p.m., Church Schools, ELruria; Oct. l R, 7.45 p.m., Old Town Hall, Newcastle; Oct. 20, 3.15 p.m., Rouml House, N.L. Ry., .Stoke ; Oct. 22, 8 p.m., Church Schools, Etruria; Ocl. 22, 8 p.m., Glass Street Schools, Hanley; Oct. 25, 8 p.m ., Town IIfLll, Burslem; Oct. 27, 3.15 p.m., ~ound lIou se, N.L. Uy., SLoke; Oct.2!), 8 p.m., Church Schools, Etruna; Nov. 1, 7.45 p.m., Olel Town IIn l~ , Newcastle; Nov. 5, 8 p.m., Glass Street Schools, H a nley; Noy. h, 7.:30 p.m., L eycett School,.;; Nov. 7, 7.:30 p.m., Schools, Waterhouses ; Nov. ~, 8 p.m. , Town H a,ll, Emslem; Nov. 12, 7.:30 p.m., Schools , Grindon; Nov. 1.3, 7.4:3 p.m., Olel 'fown H a ll, Newcastle; ~ov. 2Z, 8 p.m., Town H etH, I3urslem; Nov. 29, 7,45 p.m., Old T own H all, N cwcastle.

October, 1895 .J

FIR S T

.A I D .

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~ nlfJtl( a n (£ mm orlt in :1Str{anbeai). A T lUAL DISTRIBUTfO r IN THE TOWN HALL. On Saturclrty, August 3 I, the ann ua l distribution of certificates, vouchers and medallion s to members of the Birkenhead centre of the St. John Ambulance Association took place in the Town Hall. Besides the recipients of the certificate.;, &c., tllere was accommodated in the balcony of the hall a fairly large audience of persons mterested in the celemony, and there was also a string band in attendance under the conductorship of Mr. II ollis, "hich played selecLionsat inter~als during the afternoon. The chairman of the c~ntre for the present year, the Mayor (Alderman Thomas Shaw), preSided, and amongst others on the platform were the Mayoress, l\1r. and Mrs. John Laird and Miss Laird, Major General Sir Raker Russell, ICC. B., K.C.M.G., and Lady Rus<ell,C:tpLa,i.n McLaren (A.D.C. to Sir Baker), Alderman W. Getley, l\Ir. Alfled Gill, Ir. C. T. Gostenhofer, T.C., I\Ir. and Mrs. L. C. Keraos , Colonel Cunningham, Dr. Cornwall , Dr. Brien, and Mr. H. C. V. Bielhy (hon . secretary of the Centre). In opening the proceedings the l\Iayor said the St. John Ambulance ~ssoci~t ion was o~e .of th~ best organizations that could be brought ~nto eXIstence for aid III aCCidents. IIe could not speak too highly of It. e was vel y pleased Lo know that their borough police were regularly ll1structed in. the wo:-k of first aid to the inj ured; the county police were, also gll'en 1nstru~tlOn, and opportuni ties were given to the emplJyes at i\.Ie.ssrs. Laird Brothers and other large firms in the to\\'n for trallltng. (AFplrtuse) They had their hospitals and infirm~:ries presided o\'er and directed by good men, but it was obvious that pr.tOr t~ cases of accidents being taken to hospitals the injured ones might! If there "ere not persons ski lled in the good work of rendering first aId, succllmb to their hurts. [t wa s, in his Idea, importanL that there should 1,c a branch of the SL. John Ambulance Association in (lIear, hear.) His 'W orship then e\'ery large centre of indu stry called liT 0 :1 Sir Baker and Lady Ru ssell to distribute the certificates and medallion s gained during the pJst session . The ceniticates, medallions and vouchers hayino- been distributed a .. I '" , d. emonstratt.on 1Jl ambu ance work wa s given hy various classes, Includlng-BHkellhead,No. I, the ROFs' Bri!!ade the Fire Brio-ade Great West ern Railway 1\0. 25, Price'~ CanZlle ,'Vorks No. ~6 the 1st Y B.C.R. headquarters, the 1st V.B.C.R. II. Company a~d H.M. Training Ship" Indefatigable." The work generally \\'as well and smart.ly .performed, but there could be hardly two opinions about the supenortty of the I epresentatives of the borouO'h fire brio-ade. Colonel Cunningham proposed a \'ote ofthJnks to \ir Baker and Lad~' Russell, and alluded to the great value of amblJiance work. The n,lOtion was seconded by Captain Miller, who endorsed the proposel s I emarks. T!le resolution having been carried, .Slr Bak er Ru ssell responded, and ill the course of his observations sa.ld that,am bulance wo.rk was a .mJtter in whi ch he had taken the very ~Ieatest lllterest, knowmg that.111 the army, the navy, and in civil life, It was. a work of the utmost Importance. Many valuable lives asa preceding speaker had said, \\ould have been saved had a knowledO'e of first aid been P?ssessed by those present at accidents. (Applalls;') That w~s the first tl111.e he and Lady Russell had been engaged in such a function! and l?e Wi shed to say how very m:lch pleased and gratified they were 111 haYlllg. taken part m the proceedlllgs. CHear, hear.) 1\1r. Gostenhofer 111 11l0Vll1g a vote of thanks to the Mayor referred to the benefit of the elementary knowledge possesEed by the members of the St. John Ambulance Asso ciation, and proceeded to relate an ll1stance which had co me under his personal observation where a you~g lady who belonged to the Association was able to be of great serVice. Dr. Cornwall seconded, and also bore testimony to the O'ood work done by the Association. '" The motion was carried, and the Mayor replied in a few words.

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m:lJt Jf«tllIitp at j1lr10n'£1I1l1be })a!!+ VALUABLE WORK BY AMBULANCE MEN. THE great utility of ambulance work was amply demonstrated at the sad calamity which occurred at Morecambe on September 9th . . The members of the local corps of the St. John Ambulance tssocla~ion, with their stretcher, were promptly on the scene of t e aCCident, and with the assistance of several willinO' helpers were the means of savin g many li ves. Mr. R. Turner, bwho is ad expert sWllnmer, repeatedly dived into the water and rescued severa ~ of the ill-fated ones. Many re:sons were brOllO'ht from the wat~r 111 an apparently drowned cond iti on, all of wh om ~I'ith one exception \ e re res~ore d to '." to " ammatlon. A mongst t h e many' cases atLnded II' speCiaL menLlOn may be made of the following :-Mrs. Othick b uM:eL, Leeds, apparently drowned ; art!fici~l respiration resorted t~ y I. S. vVeller for thirty mlllutes; reSpll'aLlOn restored and the lady Ca~~ved to her lodgings. Prog~ess.ing fav?urably.-Mrs. J. Relph, W hsl~, apparently drowned; artlficml respiratIOn resorted to by P.C. oodbme and Mr. Thomas iVaddington for over an hour, when life

was pronounced to be extinct, the cause of death undoubtedly being fracture of the skuLl.-Mrs. A. Lister, taken from the water in an uncons~ious conditi?n, restor.ed with the aid of stimulants by P .C. Woodbme, a nd carned by hlm to her lodgings Progressing favourably. In all the above cases the method adopted was known as " Sylvester's." Mrs. A. Othick, Ardsley, Leeds sustained a compound fracture of tibia and fibula of right leg: and was promptly att~nded to by Messrs. W. B . Hodgson and C . H owes, with the valuable assistance of Mr. VV. H. Nicholson, of Birmingham Corps, who was early on the scene of the accident in the hope of being able to give ~ome help. The hf:Cmorrhage was at once checked, and the leg put up 111 temporary splints-two borrowed walking sticks and the left legand the patient removed on the stretcher to the surgery of hon. surgeon o~ the corps, Dr. Oldham, after which Messrs . Hodgson, Holmes, and NIcholson subsequently removed her on the wheeled litter belongin.g to the corps, to the railway station, and by train to the L ancashire Infirmary. This case at the time of writinO' is doing well a~d ~r. Oldham states that had it not been for the pro~'pt and skilful aid gIven at the scene of the accident, this lady would certainly have lost her leg, if not her life.

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~t. jjobn ~ mflu[an(e ~ ~%ociation. POTTERIES CENTRE. - The examination of the Audley men's class took place on Saturday, September 7th, 'when 22 candidates were enter~d, and 20 were successful. Dr. Phillips, of Hanley, was the examlller, and he was accompanied by Mr. S. Malkin Copeland, local hon. sec. The class included several members of the rescue party at t he recent disaster at the Diglake Pit. RUCHDALE AMB ULANCE ·WORK.-Review and Demonstration on the Athletic Ground.-Tt is little more than two years since the R ochdale ambuhnce corps was formed , yet it has already done some good work, and as the result of its establishment similar organizations have been comme~ced in Heywood, R oyton , Bacup, Middleton and Tottll1gton. iVlth t he view to still further popularise the usefuL and selfdenying work in which they are engaged, the members of the local corps decided to get up a review and demonstration and invited the rest of t~e corps in the South-East Lancashire divisi~n to join them. The affaIr too~ place on the AthL~tic CLub Grounds on Saturday, 2+th August, the dIfferent corp.s mentIOned above, including So ladies and about 80 gentl e .nen, all bemg represented except l\IiddLeton. Unfortunately, the attendance was not very laro-e . The Town Hall Square was th~ meeting place. Here a processiobn was formed, and headed by the pol.lce band, and command~d by the chief superintendent, Mr C. Buck, It marched to the athletIC ground. After the band came the la~ies' companies, which we~e in ch,:rge of the followin~ :-Heywood, l\llss C legg; Tott1l1gton, MISS Aldndge' Rochdale M iss Townend' Roy ton, Miss Butterworth. The men's c~rps follow~d in t he followin': order :-Tottington, Mr. R. Mercer in charge; Rochdale, Mr. Ingham and Mr. VV. Garner in charge; .~eywoo~, l\Iessrs. \Vaddington and Hardman 111 charge; Roy ton, i\Ir. SImpson 111 charO'e . and Bacup Mr. 'Voodhouse in charge. The horse ambulance cam~ n~xt and thi; was succeeded by four carriages. In the first were the ~l~yor and Mayoress, Miss H ardman and Councillor John Turner J.P. The second contained Drs. Wilkir:son (~Idhar,n) and Calrow (Bury), Mrs. R. Holt (preSIdent of the PIOneers SocIety), and Mr. W. E. Mills (president of the Provident Society). Tn the third were Alderman]. R. Heaj)e, J.P ., Dr. Sellers, and Mr. C. Buck ( Chief Constable). On arnvll1g on the ground there was a march past. Various bandages were then applied, and after this the different corps showed how t hey would act in the case of a railway accident. The presentation of five new ambulance wheeled litters to the RochdaLe corps then took place, t hese having been presented by the \\Iayor (Cou~cillor ~V. ~ardman), Alderm~n J. R. Heape, ].1'., Turner Bros. , the PIOneers Society, and the PrOVIdent Society. ~f~er speeches by Dr. Sellers and Alderman Heape the squad competItIOns took place, the judges being Dr. Wilkinson and Dr. Calrow. S qua~s of four ~en with o~e o~cer repr~senting each corps rendered first a id, acco rdll1g to the dIrectIOn of the Judo-es. There was a simila.r competition for the ladies. In the former ca~e the prize was a Furley stretcher, valued at £2 2S. ; and in the latter a box of ambulance appliances, valued at £1 lOS. Dr. W1LKrNsON said he had great pleasure in tellinO' them who had won. the prizes in the competiti~n that day. In the genberal competition the Judges came to the concluslOn that the Rochdale continO'ent were the best a mong the men. rn accordance with the rule, however~ the prize would not be awarded the local corps, but wouLd go to the second best. Therefore the Heywood men ·wo uld gain the prize. (Hear, hear. ) Next t') the Heywood men came the Heywood women-Chear, hear)-anu after them came the Rochdale women. In the squad competition the IIeywood men had won the prize-(a pplause)-Rochclale comino- second and Bacup third . In the ladies' competition, Roy ton had tabken th~ prtze. IIeywood were very near to them, and TottinO'ton came third. b The Mayor distr!buted the prizes, and th~s concl uded the proceedings Later on the Police Ba nd played for dancmg.

FIUST

IMPORTANT NOTICE. We b eg to give notice that this Journal will in future be published on the ]st of the month. In order to meet the requirements of the trade, it must be actually published by the 25th or 26th, so we must ask aU our correspondents to send in their contributions by the 22nd at the latest.

TO ADVERTISERS. As no paper at the present day can exist '"vithout Advertisements, we beg to draw the attention of Advertisers to this Journal. It has been in existence for 12 months, nas a steadily increasing circulation , and is the only Journal cf its kind Circulating amongst firstaiders in all parts of the world, and is read by thousands every month. These ar.., facts worth knowiog and digesting.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. months, IS. 6d., post free, to be sent to the Publishers, Alan Palmer & Reed, I I, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. FOR 12

TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-I< ARTERY, LONDO T."

FIRST AID OOTOBER 1, 1895.

The remarks that we ventmed to make in our last issue concerning the necessity of ambulance inst ruction being more BAY widely taught in our sea-side towns haye ACCIDEXT . been amply justified by the shocking cnlamity that has recently occulTed at a popular re ort. It seems that 'ivhilst a number of people were waiting for the arl'iYal of t h e hoat on t h e pier at Morecambe Bay this structm'e collapsed , precipitating a large number into the water, causing death to three people and injuries to many others. Vol e hnve, fortunn.tely, l'eceived from a contributor, the h an . secretary of t h e local ambulance corps, a detailed account of the ambulance wade done by the members of that corps. From the description given, we have eyery reason to uelie\-e tlmt these gentlemen 'wer e instrumental in saving some liYes, and we take great pleaFmre in recording the fcLet, feeling a certain amount of r egr et a,t the same time that sufticiellt notice has not been taken of it in the daily pres. \Ye beg to offer our congratulations to this corps that it lay in their power to do this great ser,ice to their fellowcl'eatlU'es, aud that they pel"iormed their work in such a manner as to be n. credit to themselves and to their teachers. This is another instance showing the quiet, methodical and unostentatious manner in ,vhich first-aiders do their work, and from which a gI'eat lesRon may be learnt . Were it not for the succes:ful attempts at artificial respiration that were made, some of the names of those who were saved would have had to ha,ye been added to the list of those killed, An intense feeling of thankfulness for their preservation must peryade the minds of the smvivors, and they and their friends will feel deeply gI'ateful that instruction in ambulance principles has reached that northern county. ']'h e apparent cause of this Jamentable accident was the rusting and 'wearing away of the bolts holding the structure together. This, then, is anothel' canse of accidents in holid llY time, nelding one more )'isk to those wJllCh are ah'eady nm by excursionists. -VVe hope that the pier owner s at other place will take this lesson to heart, and have the structures under their care thoroughly overhauled. MOREC.t\.i.lBE

[October, 1885.

AID.

In connection with the tl'agctly at MOl"ec:unhc B:q, it ix interestinO" to note the number of casos of drovyuing that annually ~ccur in this country, particulars of which hnye been sent to 1..1 by another cOl'l'espontlent. It will be seen that over 2700 deaths were caused in 1893 in this manner: Details ar~ not given showing the number of times that artificiall'espiration was tried, but it is reasonable to suppose that there muxt have been a 1arge l~ercentage of cases in which it might have been successful If attempted. . In addition to the unavoidable deaths that occur, there)s a larae number of people who choose this particular metlwd of t<1.kinO" theil' own live::;, and r epol"ts are often seen in the daily pn,pers of cn..c;es wh ere life might lU1.~Te been sayed if effort::; at artifici"l re:o:;piration had b('on tnec1. All this sh o'\V9 the m gent need there is for fl1l'thcr instruction in first aid remedies, and we hope that the facts brought forward, and the words feehlc' though they may be-utt61'ed in t his J onrnal, 'will bem' hllit in the nem' future. ----:0:

<lrorrrnponlltnrt. FIRST AID FOR CO.-\STGl'ARD 1'0 t1w Editor of Fll{ST £\ If). SIR,-Ought not some arrangements be maJe hy the authorities concerned that ambulance instruction be given to the co:tstgu:trJ men, and appliances supp lieu althe stations. On 'W ednesday, S~pt. +th, I was driving fr om Ventnor to Blackgang,. 1. of \V ., about 7 mIles, when we met a cyclist who had had a n ~sty spil l. I alt~nded as best [ could to hi s injuri es which were on ly sligh t, a nd 1 got hllT~ to the coastgu<lrd station expecting to find there some ambulance appliances, but we were told th~t they had none whatever. If a serious accident happened in a more out of the way place and no one about. but !he coastguards, would it n ot be a great advantaae if they had In~tructlon and kit at their disposal? ( shall be pleas~d to hear your views and those of your readers.-Yours truly, EDWARD S. TRENEI(Y. St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade, Northampton Corps, Sept. r8th, 1S95 ·

HI TTS TO FIRST AlDE RS. 10 the Erlif01' of FIRST AlIl., DEAR SIR -Beina very much interested in the workof the St. John , b l' Ambulance Association and also in your new venture 0 f supp )'mg :t long felt want in bringing the work more directly under the notice of first aiders. I would suggest that a. co lu mn sh~,ul~ be g iv en e.very mo~th under the he,luing of " IIm ts to FIrst Alders, gl\'lllg such Illformation that would be both instructive and helpful to those who have p:tssed throuah the Classes of the Association. By those means the Magazin e woulct"be made the medium of in tercourse between the various members, and a real help to those who seek to alleviate t!l e sufferings of the sick anu injured around us, and thus stimulate qle Intere~t and entl:uslasm of those who h a ve qualified themselves to gl ve first aid to the ll1Jured. -1 am, etc., A CITIZEN. [\i\fe thank our correspondent, and sho uld very mu.::h l,ke to carry it out. A good dea l, however, depends u pon our con tn butors.-ED.]

- - - -:0 : - - - - WE"TGATE-ON-S EA .--ANOTHER FALL OVER THE CLfFF.-On Friday, September 14th, another unfortunate acc iden t ~ccli r red at almost tb e identical spot where a fata l fall took placesome tlln e back . In tbe p resent in star ce, llowever, fa tal con seqLen cesdlu not ensue. About ~lIle o'clock H oward Bri nsmead ,a youthful VISItor, aged <I:bo ut 14, wa 7playlll~ a bo ut above the cliff in front of the bandstand WIth so me fnend s; It was rather uark at the time, and, in playing hide an d seek) Brin smead indiscreetly s.:aled a bank, about 3ft. in height, and was Im medm ~ely seen to fa ll over the precipi ce, which is about 4ott. deep . There Is.a notice-board close by caution ing persons of the dangerous spot, but In the darkness this,we learn , was of no a vai l. A detachment of the local am bulance corps (including Supt. 1. Venis, and Messrs. L ancebeny, Pike, H ales and Bines, with Dr. Street, h on. surgeon of the corps) was soon in attendance. They found the lad bad fallen on a heap of seaweed, whi ch had probably saved bis life; although severely injured he was conscious, a nd able to state that he was stay ing at Sa, Chester roa~, wbither he was at once removed . Here he was examined by Dr. A_ I', Street wh en it was found that the large bone j ust above the ankle joint of the right leg was fra ctured, and there was also an inj ury to th e left elbow ami bruises on oth er parts of th e body. Subseque ntly Dr. Wood W,tS called in and h e aumin istered chloroform, while Dr. St reet set th e limb, the dperatio ll being a most painful one. The patient has ~;jnce progressed favourably, anu on Monday was removed to Margate by the ambulance corps, the members of which have proved themselves to be a most useful and efbcient auxiliary to the medical profession of the tow n.

FIRST

October, 1895.J

@ur }portrait <Baller\? SURGEO-:\,-MA.JOR II. F. STOKES, LOXDox RT FLE BRw.\Dl~ ,

HERI:!; is no more popuhtr medical officer ill the Volunteer force than the gentleman whose pOl-trait appear s in our Gallery this month. SurgeonMajor StokeR, ,vho joined the Loudon lb fle Brigade in Decembel' ) 188], in the medical ,Yodel 1s L .R. C.P. 0 f London, and l\1.R.U.s. of Englanel. lIe is also on the Army R eserve of Medical Officers. Amongst the yarious a ppoin tments which :1\11'. ~ 'tokes has h eld-with advantage to the Instit utions named and credit to himself since hi:; cOllnection with medical sCience \\"0 111ny mention the following :-Hollse Sm'geon, Unl\'ersity Gollege H ospital, Assistant Demonstmtor of Anatomy n,t tbe same School, Hegistrnr and A,dminist1";l,tor of Anfesthetics, Eyelina Hospital for Chihh'en, and llolloral")' Seeretary I ::;lington Metlical Rocirty. urgeon-l\Iajor 8toke who is al::-;o Chief Instructor of the Volunteer Am bulftnce School of Instruction, was nssociated with Maj or Andrew Marl nrc, the late Surgeon Walter P 6<'1.rce and Snrgeon-Cn,p taln ,'lema.n in itx fonnd;ltion and it is dne to him to SI1)' that it has been largely owing to his tart and ;r,cal t hat the School has made such splenclicl progress. In 1892 the Order of St. John of J erusnlell1, recognizing his valuable work in t his direction, unanimously electc>cl him 11n Han. Associate of the Ortler. Kindly and courteo us to cdl of those with whom he mn,y Come in contact, Surgeon-Major Stokes ha~ made a host of fri entl s. As an instructor he is fluent, concise and practical, and ~is lectures are 'Llwa.ys well attencled by large and appreciatlve n11m ben, of volunteers from both the London and Provillcinl Corps. That h e may long continue to preside over the destinies of the School whose work he loyes so much, ancl whose reputation h e has assisted so materially to make, is a wish that we feel sure will be echoed by all of thoxe who, knowing Surgeon -l\In,j or Stokes, hnyc lcnrned to e"teem and honour him for his sterling worth and genuine good c mracleship. :0:--- -

t}ott5 on tfJc rrccnt meatb from 1Lirrf)tnin~ ~trokt at ~f)oefJttrpnros, QI5ssc~·. By DAVID J. KRY, S1l1'geon-Captain Vol. Meel. Staff, H on. Surgeon H.eadin g Corps, St. J olm Ambnlan ce Briga.de. DURING the l"cccnt. m eetin g- of the National Artill ery Associa tion, "'here I was doing duty as Uamp Surgeon, the following fa tali1 y Occnrred. ; On Tuesday, Aug-us t Glh, 1895, at 6.150 p.lll., CharieR H onse, \\"lulst, walking wi.th a f emale companion alon g tho footpa th leadina fron: South Shocbury to Shoebmyness 1l.aihnly ::Jtation, was struck by hgh t ning and killed instantly. He was a Lonrl oll cabClri \'er, si ngle, aged 30; had been in the II.rmy, and was an army re erve man at tllC time of his death.

AID.

The fo()lp;l1I! is abmIi (j feel ill wic1111. having":1l1 ol1e sick a sktlln~ (lilul! Hilri rI row of tall old elll1 trees. nn(1 all the other an iron rniling aiJollt .j foot high. the Tl1ils forming a row of pointed spikes, (i inches IOIlg", al>o\'c a horizontal bar. The tree by which the c1ecease<1 was struck is the last. of the row. It \\"as to the man's left hanel, anel the woman \\'as bch\-een him and the railings. They \Yere wu lking', there hafl been no rain for a bout three-quarters of an hour, clccensccl was perfectly d.ry. J S:LW him \dthin four minutes of his (Ieath; he harl fl1nen on his face with his heac1 towards the tree, diagonal1~' across the path. His face was lil'i(l, aBel 'inffus('rl with blood, eyes closed, yellow mucus exuding; he \\"as quite deRrl, 50 I hall hinl placed on a" S 111 11 II larlrler alld removed at once, as there were still freqnent fia. hes of lighttling aile! c1nnger to onlookers. There was probabl~- a rise of telllpera 1nre, for I obsened the body was \'er:- \yarm to the tonch. anrl there was a \'er.\' powerful smell of burnt hair and ile::;h. lIi:-l companion \yas thrown againl't the railing-s bllt rlirlnu1 fall, allcl \\"a:-; ahle to :lllS"\'er my question. . She was very pale. sairl she felt heat on the left 'ide of ber face. her left ear \\'a:; filled with debris of hair. Examination oj t lw B ody.- 8.30 a.ill. next morning, in conjunction with Surgeon-Col. Coats, A.Mol., Garri::;oll Surgeon. Body well nourished, m llscular ancl well cle\'elopecl; ri gar morli:; well marked. IIead point of probable entrance of electric fluid at Yertex.almo~t central, slightly to left of central line, sho\\'ecl o\'al exca \'a tion in hair about 1 inch. Ko wounrl appment, Ilair all singcel "hart O\'er left side of heael, left eyebrow, eyela::;hes, and left side of mou"tache practically gone. :B'luid escaping from left ear. Trari1l.1 of Iillr1IS.-0n left cheek and unrler lower jaw. seycral large ones on chest, thpnce centrally o\-er I1hrlomen ancl along inner sight of right thigh anrl calf. oyer inner ankle. point of exit of filli(l inIler aml central point of right heel. The burns \yere of yarious sizes, intelTupted, the largest being that on the stemm. abont H· in. in c1iallleter. Sm-face of burns (11 ier1. Epi(lerl1lis entirely rle"troyed and gone. l<mditio1l oj Clo{hi7lg .-Hat fonml only in small shrerk coat ancl waistcoat and blue woollen jerse~' very sligbtly clanll1gcd. Hole in \\-atuh pocket of waistcoat, in::;icle. ,'flirt (grey flannel) ~plit in lineofbnrns . .1.£I'7"i110 linder-rest next. skin split in lineof burns ff in. from abo\'e c1owll,,·ards. The edges of tbis crumbled when h.Ulrlled, but were not charred black. Tro/Is('rs split into longyertical ribbons. both legs, bnt more especially along line of burns. Right pocket blo\\-n to t;hrecl;; (there had been about H.~. silYer money in this picked up at. the time of remoying the boc1~'). JJra7rers yerr much torn. Boots, front lace-up pattern. Soles and heel entire, but some brails nails were started in the ~ ole of the right. Half of the inner uppers of each boot entirel~- gone. Metal eyelet hole. gone , The right boot "'as blown off the foot entirel? at the time of the accident. Collar and cuff' in shreds. Necktie (a bow) <1plit in two in the middle. The trce showecl a spiral interrupted track of the lightning, bark being broken oil'. The lightning appnrently left the trce a bout] 0 feet from the ground, a]](l -± <lay;; later I obsened. just below thi" point, one small twig only, about 2 feet long, the leaves on which had withered. This would correspond with a point a bout IH inche above the man's head. .c17·ticlesjollllrZ on De(,f'aserl. Money.besides the sijycr, in left-hn nrl breast. coat pocket inside :- 37 sovereign - and 2tl half-sovereigns in a common leather jaw-opening purse, metal rim, and. closed by two small knobs. The coins (nearly all) \\"ere wrapped in separate pieces of thin paper, and the purse tied up in a handkerchief. ] n waistcoat pocket, right side ; siher match box. containinp; byo unignited \\'ax matches a11<l sih'er Geneya watch (uo chain). There ,,-as also a g'old ring on one of the fingers, and a pocket knife. Condition oj Coins.-Two half-sol'ereigns slightly fused and adhering together. one sOI'creign partially fnse(l on one sid.e as though a splash of metal had been thrown on to it. ilIany more of the gol(l coins ~ho\\'ed traces of fusion of the milling of the edges only SO\'eral of the sih er coins also showed similar fusion of the edp;e . The watch (open -fn eerl) had. f1 hole ;f-in ch in (liameter througb the onter case by the hinge. a11(l aD opening this there was a splnRh of metal on the rim of the dome anrl another on the bow. The watch had stopper! at (i.35, bnt could be wound up. The steel hair spring wonld not recoil. as probabl)' it had lost its temper. 'Watch glass broken. Bing an(1 knife sl1O\\"ed nothing. The metal rim of the purse had a small point of fusion on one side- in ide-and the purse a.lso ha(1 a hole through one ~ i(le of Lhe leather. RellIarlis.-Did deceased receive the "'hole of the discharge, or did any P;lSS O\'er the woman's head to the poi.nted railings? A yiolC'ni. explosive force seems to h;1Ie bcen e, penderl in the right trollsers pocket so as to blo\\" it to pieces amI throw the sill'pr coins tow<u'l nn(l IllHler 1he railings \I here most of them were picked up at the time of remo\'ing tllC body, The next gTeatest force wa' expended in the right boot, so as to blow away the adjacent inner sides of the boots.

FIRST 9ir~t

gill

l~c(orb.

HAlIlP 'l'EAD.-POETRY Al\D TRAGEDY,-Describing himself as bayiDO" no home or occupation, but "lyho " 'as evident1y a man of snpeT~r ed.ucation, Charles Richards, 48, was charged. on remand, before Mr . E. Gottoand l\Iajor-General Young, with having attempted to commit ~uicide, He was found in a field at North -End., Hamp:;tea(l, bleeding profusely from a se"l"ere wonnd in his left wri::;t. 1\1iss H oare, sister of l\Ir. Samuel Hoare. M.P., a lady who takes great practical interest in the wO::'k of the St. J?hn Ambulance As:-;ociation, and resides in the ne1ghbourbood skilfully atte1?(led to the injury, "lYhich the prisoner at first s,tated to Consta bJe J enl1ll1gs, 52!) S, was accidentally caused by a plOce of glass when he was gathering wild flowers, At the police station Mr. IV. H. Payne, the di\'isional >it1Tgeon, further attended to the wOllnd, and then a blooc1-st,lined pocket-knife, with a pointed. blad.e, .harpened back aml front , ,vas found in his posses. ion, and priwner admltted to Station- ergeant Coleman, ,'3 , , that be inflieted the wounrl him,'elf with this kilife. He was removed to the Hampstead IYorkhouse Infirmary. and there he remarked to the superintendent nurse that it was a ',in to preyent him putting an end to himself when he wa" in misery. TOY~BEE HALL.- Whilst taking part in lawn tennis on August 24th in the asphalt court attached to Toynbee Hall, one of Lhe player" named Hitchie slipped and fractured the humerus 111 hlS left arm . Snpt. W . Humphris Winn~r, who happel1?d. to. be close by, put up the f~acture in splints, dre::;"ell the other 1l1JLmes, and conyeyed the pa tient to the hospitaL MARYLEBOXE.-RE TORED TO LIFE.-A correspondent "rites : An extraordinary affair has taken place in 1Iarylebone. It appears tha t at ha 1f-pa st three on l.Ionday afternoon, a park constable took t o the l.Iarylebone Mortuary what appeared to be the clead body of a child wh'ich had been found lying on the grass in Regent's Park. Mr. Ellis, the moriu.uy -keeper, sho\\'ed the con table a slab on which t o place the body, and upon being informed that the child had not been een by a medi ..al man, "-ent and requested a constable of t~e Metropolitan Police to fetch a doctor. In the meanbme 1Ilr. EllIS undid the scarf which encircled the ehild's neck preparatory to disrobing the body, and was sLll'prised to find ~he. lividness diwappear!ng from the face. He at once resorted to artIficIal means for restonng animation, and in a short space of time was glad to see that the child breathed, He then handccl the child to hi - "'ife, and by the time the doctor arrived the little one ,,'as breathing freely, although still uncr)llscious. Soon after this the mother arri,-ed with the husband, an(l it transpired that the child wa" Ernest IYicks, the eighteen months' old son of "Teddy" Wic~s,. of S~'\"ille Street, Marylebone, the" Champion" barher, who exhlbIte,l hIS skill at the Royal Aquarium some months back. The eloctor advised the parents to take their off;;pring to the l\1iddlesex Hospital, and as soon as they left the mortnary the baby opened its eyes and stared around in a bewi1<'lered fashion . Ll)On arri\'al at the hospital the house ,;nrgeon stated that the infant was recovering from a fit cau"ed uy the tightne;;s of it;; scarf, and probably induced by the heat. The child is nolV as well as eyer. POTTERIES CE~TRE. -On August 27th a man at l\fadeley Heat.h had his fore-arm taken off by a ehaff cutter. Case atten(lec1 to by an officer and three men of the Leycett Division of the P otte.r ies corps. Tourniquet, lint to wound and bandaged, and patwnt remoyed to infirmary on C<'lrriage ambulance. AR;)fLEY MOOR-An exciting incident took place on Saturday, August 31st, at the annual feast which was r~cently held on the Armley Moor. Among the occupants of "pltehes" there were Messrs, Day, the proprietor::; of the well-known menager~e. Through some mistake thay had got 011 the wrong portlO11 of the moor and whilst removing their caravans to the portion allotted to them'the acciclent took place. One of the caravans, consisting of a caO'e containing three lions, was upset, and fell upon three little boy ~ one of them named Frederick Redshaw, 11 years?f age, son of James Redshaw, of 2, Akeroyd Square, Armley. P ohce-constable Coates, who was on the spot at tl-:e time, assibtec1 to remO"l'e the lad from under the cage, and had hIm conveyed to the" Olel Hou. e at Home"public-house,closeat hall(l. On examining him he found that hi" thig-h "Iva broken, and whilst waiting for the ambulance, which wa telephoned for, he rendered useful aiel by placing the inj ured limb in improYised splints, On the arrival of the amuulance the medical man in attemlance said the officer had rem1ered valuable aid. The other two little boys were evidently not seriously injured, for the police were aftenyards unable to find tbem . Buc](s.-Lient. -colonel E . S. Neaye, of the Manor House, Maid's Moreton, was, early on the morning of Septom bel' 2n<1, exercising in a fielc1near Leckbamp5tead, when his horse stepped in a raubit-holc, throwing- its rider, who remained on the ground 50111e t ime, till he gained the attention of a passing cycli::;t, who procurecl assistance. Colonel Neave was removed home in a conyeyance. H is right arm is br oken, and there are other in juries, with shock to the system. H e is going on well.

AID.

[October, 189 5.

DOXCAH'l'I!;ll. On Satnrclav, Augl1st, Bl st, a bo:v was taking' SOlilC pig::; f rom the cattle mnrket 'to tl:e statio~l . On his wny he met a hor 'e and trap. On Lhe horse Rccmg the pIgS he bolted n11(1 knocke(l dO\Yl1 the boy tearing the flesh off the bone on his right leg, frolll aboye the kn~e to the ankle, likewise fracturing the left leg, 'I'lli" bein o' close to one of onr ambnlance men's homes, he took him ill, and ~Yith the assistance of l\Ir, H . H. Laycr nrre:-;tecl the bleecling, bound up the wound, afterwards put up the fractnre, got a cn b nncl took him to the infirlllary.-On MOJl(lay night, September 211C1, a little boy fell off a . team roundabout and cli"locatcd his s110111(ler, a l;;o fractnreel bis kit forcarm ancl cnt his fnce. He was prolllptly picked up by a poliecman just at the tillle nir. LO"'Tison, an. oflicer of Lhe Doncaster Briga(le cnme on the seene, and c1cnlt \"lth t.he case by impro\ i::;ing for the fracture, and ,ticking pIa , tel' to the face. GR.A.~TRAl\1 . -0n AugnsL 15th, um:;, platelayer George Parker, was working on the Hail \ya:y at Grantham Pas"enger Sial ion. <111(1 O"ot knocked down by a break-yal1 \Thich was being shuntecl on the ~ppo::;ite line. His llend was eut . the skin of his ear torn, awl hi,; right forearm broken. First aid was promptly re11e1 rcel ll,l' ]'irst Officer Dent, of the Railway Ambul<1nce COl'ps,an(l byPrimtes nehao'g' 1\Ir Dent })laced the fra ct urell F>. , '1\Ianderfield and Nixon. arm in splints, al1(l a doctor was sent for, under "lyhose care Parker is progressing satisfr.ctorily. LEICESTER.-About 12.J5, September 7th, Hl\l,j, a ~Tout h naltlerl W. Sqnire!." of 102, Upper Conclnit Street, wor~i~lg for 1\1r. J. J. l\Ioni;;, boot mannfactnrer, Charlet> St.reet, was Olhllg one of Blackman's air propellers, while in Illotion, when it caught hi" mill, t enring' the flesh oiI the bone, ancl ripping the eluow joint asu])(le1'. It is feared the arm will ha \'e t.o be taken off a hove the elbow First aicl waR rendered by Mr. J . G. ]\fohbl'<, oftbe Leicester All1bulance C()rp~, \\" ho CllTe"tec1 tIle bleeding, and subseqnentl~", nssi::;ted lw Firelllall Parker aUll Thompson of the Fire Brigade, the poor fell ow was removed to the infirmary in the horse am bulunce wagon, allel detained. IYELLIKGBOROUGII CORPS.-Since last month members of th is corps haye rendered first aid tothirleen cases,"I iz. : 1\1an at IYelli ng" borough-dislocation of "ho1l1der, cyclist Caltleco.tt applied ba;lllages, and took patient to a surgeoll.- A boy fell ll1to Hll'eT N.elle at Wellingborough, Privates R. & IV. Gregson ,;ucces::;f.nlly apph~(l the u. ual remeclies and urought the boy rounc1. IllJury to SplIlC nL IVel1ingborough Iron \\r orb, PriYates' Poole a 11(1 Sea lJrooke r e11cle1"erl fir::;t aid, an(l com'eyed the patient home on litter. " rounds to the lleacl and injlll'ies tf' the e~'e,;, I,lll from a cart, Sergeallt E(hanl:-; and Private Chorlton applie(l pnds and bandage,; anc1 cO]1Ye~T('(l the man home,-Man fell lJeL\\eell shaft::; of cart and horse, was haclly bruised on head and face. also left collnr-bone broken Hllll lefL lWJld badly brui8e(1 and cnt.. Supt. Nicholson and Pri\'ate Chorlto n \\ ere SOOI1 r111 the spot [mel rendered first aiel. Dr. Clnrke was fetched a11l1 onlerecl removal to N ort hampton Infirmary in horse am bn la nce.-Hoy received injuries to hand through being rUIl over by bre\,,-er"; clmy at Higham Ferrel'S. Stall Sergeant Dettles, of t.he IIig'ham llivi::;ioll, rendered first aiel ancl c0l1l'eye<1 the boy to Dr. Crelle'" ~urgery. A girl was knocked clown by cycli;;t. f,~ce selcrely lac.e~atec1, first aill rendered by Pri\'ates 'Yebb and WhIte of Hlgham c11n:-;lon . who took the girl to ·Dr. Crcwe's nrgery.-'l'wo wOlllen at Fineclon thrall n out of trap, horse running away, founrl lying "t!llllled on the roa(l, wounds and contusions. Staff Scrgeant Dixon and Private Poole rendered first aiel, and com' eyed the patients to thcir home aL W ellingborough . Several other cases of no interest,

- - - - -:0:- - - - -

@rbers. BRIGADE OlWERS, datec1 18th September, 18D5. THE following prolllotions have been approved by the Commissioner :Chief Superintendent W. J . Church Brasier, Metropolitan Corps, to be Brigade Chief Superintendent. Superintendeut W.)L Morgan to be Chief Superintemlent Metropolita.n Corps. Cyclist Pontin, Cyelists', to be Snperinlendent Cycli t Divi"io]], . l!'ir"t Officer Trimmer, No.2 St. John's Gate Di vi!lion, to be Superllltenc1ent of St.ore;;, 1\1eiropolitan Corps. Staff-Sergeant 1)iers to be Assistant SuperintClHlenL of Stores, (Signed) E, 'J'IIAl'KERAY, Col. Commissioner St. John Amunlance Brigade. COHPS OJWERS, cla,ted 19th September, 18f15. Sergeant Atterbury, IIagger~ton, Di vision, to ,be ,Starr-SergeanL: . Private RlIl1elell, H ighgate SectlOn, St. John i:i Gate No. 1 Dln~lCJll, to ue Sergeant, Sergcant 'ix, Cyclist Division, to be StaiI-Sergcnnt. (Dy Order) W. J . cn U1WlI 13HJ\..SlEH, Brigade Uhief Superintendent SL. John Ambulance Brig::cle

October, 1885.J

FIR S T AID.

~fJ!2 ~fJoulb ·1£onbon m&ait. STREET DA"l'GERS.- The clangerons nature of our cit,y streets in reO'al"fl to perlestrial1s who wish to cross (hem amirl the busy tra mc wc~'l clearly proverl by Lhe fact that between Satnl"flay aftern~on ancl yetenlay evening no less tha n eight people, who had been nm oyer by eliITerent Yehicles, "'e re Hclmittecl to St. TIarthololllew's lIo:-;pital, all11, nnfortunately, intwo cascs, the injnrie,; received proverl fa tal, whibL in three of tile other ca~es t.he pat ienb; are in a preemiolls conclition . The two filtal cases are those 0f John Collarc1, anolcl g('ntlemall of ol:er eighty, who was kllock ell rlowll in }<'arri ng'rlon Roa(l by a pair horse lJ rOil g-h<u 11 uelonging to l.Tr. lIen rn, of Gray',; Inn Hoarl. a Jl(l a Illan atprc:-;ent llnkno\\,ll, wllo waRrllll oyer by n mail van near the hosL)ita I, anl1 diec1 short ly after.-J)ai ly Tt'lr'grapli, Sept. 2,Hb, 11)%.

- - - - - :0 :

:llmbuliluft on l\iliI~. W I~ 11a \"e recci \'eel a copy of a ~ el\' York paper, Tne. 8uuda.1J 1' -orld, :11\rl ill it is a cleseription of a nOI C'l electrie car for hospital nse in St. Louis, frolll which \\"e extract the follo\ying part icnlars. The cn]" is in usc in the track:-; of th e surface r oacl~. corresponding to our tt"alll\\'ays The ohject of the (leI ice is to affonl a safe aml painles:-means of trall,;ferring injmecl persons al111 other patients Lo the ho::;pital~. . The totallcngth of the car i" :38 feet inclucling the platforms. the illside mca,;lll"clllcnh iJeiDg 21 feel long by T feet 2 inches wirle. The pIn tforllls are [1 hont one-half thc II iel( 11 of thc car, and front the left baH of the hOlly. The car i,; (10n1)lc enclecl , and ::;Leps learl to the entrance <lllclnot t o t he platform . Thc cloors are place(l at the right 11al1(l "ide of the enels of the car. The steps nre fonr in nUlliber, placcil oblirll\('ly an(l aITonling access from either front or si(le with eCIlWl ellse. 'I'lti::; arrangement ha::; beel] ;tclopte(l to facilitnte the exit or entrance of litter-bearers. .A tele,;coping bnls" hllml-rnil i,; placell on the onter Ri(le of the .-tcp:-;, and this i:-; so arrangec1that it lurl~' be lifle(l whell not in use. thuspre\'cnting access tothe car. TIre entrallces arc .) fpet 2 inche,; in width, the doors 1110\'e on rollers placc(l a I t he top a]](l groovecl helow ovcr a metal erlge secnrec1 to the sill, excluding colc1 anel rInst. The car is lightec1 hy se\'en \Iindows OJ] a side. ench 2~ inches in size. stationary, nnel the lower half rrll~t ('cl . 'l'1lC're are two rlro]) sashe;-; in cach door anc1 a 11\11l1Uer of \'cntihtor.-; or adjusLabl(' decklig'hts ahol'c on thc sides a. nd ellrIs The interior of the car is (li\"idcr1 ill th e Jlliclclle by a ",ooclen pa rtition ;) feot Ii inchcs higb, placed 4 inches flom the floor, with 111'0 d()(jrs swing-ing" either way in the centre. one compartment being- for ma les. t.he other for fema les. The partilion i:-; so con~tructerl that bolh part:-; may be ,,"lnlllg- back if c1esirel1 a11(l re~t closely ng-ain~t thc sicks of the car. A (hop de~k i,; hillgecl to one siele of the parti tion for the ::;nrgcon's l1~e. Two hinged ,;hell-es are attached to tbe l'i(los of the car. on which to place (lressing:-;, &c. To the right 'Jf each cloor on entering the car is a large locker for litters. blankets, towels and the likc, while between the window,; are eig'hi "mall ones for pnpers, meclicinps, bandages, instruments, &c. Immerliat el y back of the laro-e lockers are two enrth closet cOll\"eniences for both sexe". Electr~ uells, eommnnicating with both platforms, are place(l near the centre of the car for the use of the surgeon . A lavatory is al,;o placed near the centre of the car, nnc1 is supplied with \\'a tel' by a pUlllp from a tank uncler the floor. The interior i~ finely filliRhed in cherry, there being no spaces for dirt to aceumulate. The 11001' is of quartered oak. douhle, with a"besto::; filling to deaden sOl1ll(l. The ceiling is of bird's-eye maple in panels. All the trimmings are soliel bronze, poli::;hed. I,ighting i:-; becurecl by t en incnndeseent burners , III canclle po",-er eaeh, four ueing: placcd in each compartment 1111(1 one outsirle abovc cach pia tfOl"lll . The car is warmed by six electric heaters plncecl along- the sides. The bocly ofthc car is paintoe1 white, trilllllled"l\"ith gold and blue. The lettcring on the sicle,; rcads (, St. Loui" Health Department, Ambulance 8m-," fLl1(l the last Lwo \Voras are repeatecl on each e])(l. The Geneva cross is displayed Oll the ;;ides aml enc1s 1,0 emphasize lh e humane pur poses to whi ch the vchicle is devoted. The ear i;; 1110nntecl on two pi\'olal trucks of special eonstrllction, haYing two sets of equalizing- spring" O\'er tLLC oil-box, ill addition to the spring-::; that earry the cn1" boelv. This truck will gTeatly r e(l uee the noise while erc.i;;::;ing- other tl:acks anclll1nke it aI~ ea::;y:ri(1ing- car. t"llc!er the centre of the bocly of the car 11 spilce i,; euclo::;ed in \\"hieh Lo calTY :o;tretchcr:s, splints alHl Lhe like, and a water-tank nncl i<:e-box are also proviele(l uncler the car. The distancc from thebocly to the rail,; is :3 feet :3 incheR. DrawbnH are proviclecl in ca 'e it becomes necessary to tow t he alllblllance by another cal'. The car is equipped with an eleetric brakc bcsie1e" the usual hand-bra ke, a nd arrangement is Il acle for warm il1g by electricity Lhe water llseel in the lavatory. The auol'e description is supplemcnted by illll;;traLiollS of the interior anll exterior of the mu, which \Ye wi h we could reproduce but pace foruic1s .

~t.

,IDofJn

~m[lulcln(e

)3rigabe.

METROPOLITAN CORPS, A LECTURE of a most interes ~ ing character was delivered to th e members of the Metropolit1n COrp5 (the audience including many nursing sisters with \Vrom was Lndy Superintendent Church Brasier) on Thursday Evening, September 26lh, 1895, at St. James's Schools, Clerkenwell, by Hon. S..lrgeon Heaton C. Howard, of the Cycli st Division the subjeLt being" Aspl:tyxia." A display of the various methods'of Arti5cial Respiration (right and wrong) being given by the members of the Cyclists' Divisio:1, \.nder the command ofSupt. W. J. H. Pontin, At the close of the lecture Mr. Alan Palmer proposel a hearty vote of thanks to Dr. Howard, and called upon those present to give the lecturer threc cheers, which the members of the Metropolitan Corps can do right well. ""'Ve h o p~ in a future issue to print the lecture. l\IAXOR PARK.-On Friday evening the 20th inst., the members of the Manor Park division of the St, John Ambulance Brigade, assembled in the schoolroom, Church Road, Liltle Ilford (kindly lent for the occasion by the Rector), to receive Brigade Chief Superintendent Church Brasier, for the purpose of being formally affiliated with the Metropolitan Corps" The members put in a good attendance, and mltny lady vi sitors added much to the cheerfulness of the occasion. The BriO"ade Chief Superintendent, in addressing the meeting, gave a very int~res,ting account of the i\letropol.itan Corps, and gener~lly of the Association and its work. The meetlng was made the occasIon of the presentation to Dr. Robert J. Collier (the hon, surgeon of the division), of a handsome silver mounted s..1. lad bo~vl and servers, as a testimonial of reg:nd from the members, he ha\'lng recently entered the holy state of matrimony. The presentation was made by.Supt. E . B odO"so n in felicitous terms. Dr. Collier replied on behalf of hImself and wif~ in a humoruus strain, and expressed the pleasure it had given him to assist the students who were not only a credit to him, but to themselves also, and he would give as much time to the di\'isio:1 as his professi onal engagements permitted. The following was the in scription on the salad bowl: "Presented to Dr. R , J. Collier, by the ~Ianor Park division :\1etropolitan Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade, on his maniage: August 1895 ." i\lusic, both vocal and instrumental, brought an enjoyable evening to a close. PRon~crAL CORPS. KESWICK.-The annual meeting and examination of this corps was held in tl:e Parish Room on Tue~day evening, the 2-+th inst., when there was a yery good attendance of mem bers, including Dr. C. G . Ring, Hon. Surgeon to the corps. The balance sheet for the past year was read and con'5rmed; showinga small balance in hand. The officers were re-e'ected for the ensuing yeGl r. Afle r the business was concluded the Hon. Surgeon examind the corps in stretcher drill, &c , they heinO" afterwards put through company dlill by First Officer J. Gardiner .'" The competition announced to take p'ace at this meeting for the prize given by Mr. J. ""'Vardle was postponed until the next monthly drill so as to allow Dr. Ring time to consider the best subject for competition, POTTERIES CO l{ps.-A new division has been formed for Audley, and 20 members enrolled. Superintendent Mr. Johu IValls, 5rst officer and secretary, Mr. George Dobson. There are now 12 diVIsions in the Potteries corps, SHRE\\,SB l1 RY CORPS-PRESENTATIO TO THE CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT.-At a well attended parade of men :1.nd women members, held on the Ilth September, the chief superintendent: F. E. Adams. Esq ., was made the recipient of a set of table cutlery on the occasion of his marriage, The presentation was made by Dr. Gardner, supported by Dr. Macleod and others. Dr. Gardner said that the success achieved by the brigade was entirely due to the exertions of Mr. Adams. Although the Shrewsbury corps was yet young, having been formed on the 9th i\Iay last, there had been numerous cases of first-aid, more or less serious already recorded, and good work had been done at three fetes which were attended. Dr. Gardner, on his own behalf and on behalf of the members, wished Mr. Adams and his/ia?lcce ( Miss Isabe l Corbet, who was present) a long life and much happiness. Mr, Adams suitab ly acknowledged the gift. KETTERIXG .- On Tuesday evening', SepLem ber 17th, Chief Supt. ' Yoolston, accompanied. by ,npt. Trenery (NortlwmpLon Corp) in pected the whole of the streteher stations and ambulance material at Kettering. Staff-sergeant Adam is to bc congratulated 011 the complete way in which the station at the Working Men's Club is equipped, viz., wheelecllitter, stretchers, bandage", splints, 81u1 medical nece ·sariel:l. The eost of this. tation is entirely defrayed by the club it"c1f.- ln aid of the funds of the local ambulance corp' a concert was gi \'cn on the .M arket Hill, on Sumlay, August 26th , by the members of tbe Kettering Rifle Band. .l\1r. T. Sedclon conc1ncte(l, a,nel there was a large attendance of interestecllisteners. O"l' SaLurday, Augu;;t 2·Uh, hid Superintendent IYoolston inspected the Higham Ferrel'S division. After in;;pecting the ambu lance material and station, adjournment was made to the Bede House for tea, to which about 100 of the inhabitants sat down, besides 8-1 members frolll the heac1-quarter's eli vi -ion at IVellingboro.' After tea the men fell in, ann mareherl to a ficIn on the Kim bolton }toad, where a display of ambulance work was gi \'en , The follO\ving

FIRST

officers were on parade: Inspecting Officer, Chief Superintendent Wool -ton, Orderly Officer, Superintendent Trenery, Superintendent Higgins, , uperintendent Simpson, First Officer Groome. The lIon. Divisional Surgeon, Dr. J. Crewe, inspected the bandaging and exprcssed himself nllwll plea~e(1. Superintendent Hig-gins anel First Officer Groome are to be congratulated on getting together this fine di,ision of oyer :30 men, the majority being in uniform. 0:::;, August 26th, 30 men from the hearl-quarters and Higham rlivision, under Chief Superintendent 'W ool 'ton, SupeTinten(lent Higgins, and Staff Sergeants Dixon an 1 nettles, attended at Rnshdon anel gave a display of ambulance work, in aid of the nrsing Association of Rushden. The work was watched by a large number of people " 'ith much interest. The men were entertained to tea, by ;'Iiss Sartori;;, of the Hall. After being dismissed the men spent about two hours in recruiting. As a consequence of this \Ye shall ha ye classes I his winter at liu -hden, and we hope Lo form a, strong eli \ i 'ion of the corps.

----:0:----

AlIIbllUvnce IT'01'7t, by R. Lawton Roberts, MD. (Lond.L D.P.H.

This excellent text-book has now gone through five editions, and ensured . But books of this kind, teaching a comparatively new subject, do not succeed unless the matter conta ined in them is correct, well arranged and easily to be understood by the lay public. This is the case in the work before us, and we can assure our readers that it is one of the best textbooks in the market. The directions that are given for first aid treatment are full, sound and reliable. There are one or two little points to which we should liketo draw Dr. Roberts'attention . Firstly, there is not ~ good diagr"m of the heart, there are the two that are usually gi ven, one, a drawing from nature, showing the exterior of the organ, the other, a diagrammatic representation , showing the theory of the action cf the heart , but not the interior as it actually is. This latter diagram, althouo-h u~ed by the Association, only serve~ to muddle the minds of ambulance pupils as we know from personal experience, and it seems a great pity that a better diagram has not been forthcoming. In illustration No. 29, a fractured thigh , the legs are not tied together although this point is emphasised by italics in the context. I n Fig. 3 I, the bandages for broken leg are tied on the in side instead of the outside of the limb. For those interested in l\Iilitary Ambulance, there is a ~ection devoted to it, showing the \\'o~king of bearer companies, field ho spital and base hospitals. IVe are exceedingly pleased to see that in the prehce to I b ! 5th edition Dr. Roberts speaks of the necessity of more instruction and more appliances amongst the railways. The matter is mentioned in the body of the work, and he sti ll further insists upon it. VVe heartily echo his words, and hope that they will bear some fruit. A good index helps to complete the book, which is amply illustrated.

judgin~ from that alone we should 5ay that its popularity is

O,tJicial Drill llIanllal f01' .i.1 Iclllb1WS of tlu) Ht. John A?IIZJIIla71cc Brigade, compiled by R. Sleman, M.A., Surgeon-Captain, Army r-.ledical Reserve of Of-ficers, and 20th Middlesex Artists' R.V., Bon t:lurgeon, l\letropolitan Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade, and IV. J. Church Brasier, late Tst Volunteer Battalion" The Buffs " East K ent Regiment, Erigade Chief Superintendent, St. John Ambulance BI igade. Price 6d . Published at Head Offices, ~t , J ohn's Gate. IVeha ve received a copy of the above whi ch we believe has [or some tilT e been before the Order of St. John, and is now published as the Official Handbook. It is divided into 3 parts, 1st, Squad and Company Drill; 2nd, Stretcher and Bearer Company Drill; 3rd, Ambulance Tr.tnsport and Liller DrilL The rules given for all these kinds of drill are very full and inclusive, and if the members ofthe Brigade will adhere strictly to them, they ought to become exceedingly efficient. \\' e shall hope to see no\\' all the different corps and divisions of Ihe Brigade tr.J.ined under one system of drill, for it seems a pity to see different kinds o[ drill in different parts of the cou ntry. The authors have spared no pains in making the LoA thoroughly reliable, S URGEON- CAPTAIN Su MAN'S EW WORK.- Th e T"ol//lltce?' 8/11'.qC011'S a/lide, by Surgeon-Captain Sleman, is a brief summary of Lhe Regulations affecting the Volunteer ;Vredical Service, and on this subject there is no one who is Lptter enabled both by long and careful study, and also by practical experience, to speak than Sclrgeon-Captain Sleman. From a perusal of the Guide, which deals with almost every subject of interest alike to surgeon and st retcher bearer, one cannot bt t recognise the time and devotion that the writer must have bestowed upon his work, and it is paying Surgeon-Captain Sleman no empty compliment when we say that we knoll' no one who could have carried out this task in so comprehensive a manner. The price, 3/6, is somew hat prohibitive, otherwi se we should say to all ambulance officers, whether civil or military, obtain this book. Those \\'ho can afford it should certainly do 5), as it is most interesting reading, and volunteer surgeons will learn much from a perusal of its pages which will materially assist them in passing their

[October, 1895.

AI D.

FIRST AID •

examinations. IVf: should, howeve r , have liked to have see n th e writer deal more decisively with the much vexed question of the Geneva badge, and in the next edition we would suggest a revision of that chapter relating to decorations especially as regards those relating to the Onler of the Hospital of St. J ohn of Jerusalem.

- - - - :0:----TO CORRESPO)fDENT8. \Vnn;m thnnking- our correspondcnts ag'ain £01' heir contrihutionFl, ,YC beg to remiI1l1 thelll that all cOllll1l1l11ications should be reccil'eel bythe22mlat lbc lale~t. Some have arrivcd too late for illtiertion tl;is month.

JOURNAL

No J7 . - V OL. If.

DEVOTED

[E71If1'ed al SlaLiollt'rs' ffall ]

P?'csident :- MA.rOR A:::;'DREW M.\CLURE, laIc L.S.RY. fl(1(ul Quarters :-7, St. Benet Phee, Grace (;hnreh Street, E.C. ORDER~. MOllc1a~', October 7th, Gcneral Parade at 7.2:) 11. 11 1.;

( .30 p.m ., Lecture for the new class on the Circnl:ltion of the 1310uel ; Practica Ilnstructioll in the use of Holler Banclage by Surgcon-Ca ptai n L. Hud ' on for the advancecl clas8; ~o more llJen ea,n be takcn ill either cln.s a.ftCl' this lecture. By 01'e1er, II . J!'. STOKES, Surgeon-;'Iajor A.:: \I.R, Odobc?' 1st, 1895. Senior :'Ictlieal Oflicer Inslrm:tor. The winter work of the School commenceel 011 MOlldn y last at the Hcad Qnarters of the London Hifle Brig-arle. BUllhill H~}\\'. E.C., wben two large companies paraded for instruction nneler Sn1'g'poJ1Major II. l!'. Stokes, Senior l\lec1i ea l Ofliccr Jnstrnc.:tor. The p1'('sellt clas::;es will concluele \\'ith the offici;! 1 inspect ion 011 DC l:e lllbcl'mh. It is notiJie(l for gencral information that no morc lllell e<1!l bc taken in either class after October 7th. Among the oftit:ers wh o ha\"e recently joined fur l.L eOU1'SC of in,.,trudioll are Surg'CrJllMajor T. F. J!'leetwood.J!'.R.C.S .. Yic!orian Military Forces. Suuth Australia, and Surgeon·Captain J. H. Cox, Capc /j'O\\,1l \'oluntecr Medical Staff Corps.

----:0:---TOY:::;'BEE HALL. Two comses of lcct mes Oil <'le'irs( Aiel to t hp Injured" will bc c1eli\'cred at thi~ Hall (luring thc coming' ses,.,ioll. Olle for womcn commences on 9th Oetober- Lpct urel'. AUrcc 1 Eclcl()\\"('H, M.D., Surgeon-Lieut. 21th l\li(lelle~exHiflc YoltllliC'cl's. The C']nss for men cOlllmences 011 10th October- Leetut'('I' , IV. ~ . .Jane.;. J1.1) ., U.S. )fames to be sent to 'vV. Humphris IVinny aL thc llan.

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS Will be paid to the Representatives of the purchaser of FIRST AID in case of death as provided below, by The Sickness and A CCIdent Assuranc e Asso c iation, L 'd. Bead Office :-2-4-, YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH. London Office :-64, MOORGATE STREET. LONDON, E .C . To whom notice of Claims under the following conditions must be sent WITHIN THREE DAYS. Applicable "to P assenger Trains in Great Britain & Ire land. ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by the above In surance Company to the Legal representatives of any person killed by a n a 'cident to the train in which the deceased was an ordln:1ry passenger, or who shall have been fatally injured thereby, should death result within 24 hours after such accident. Provided that at the time of such accident the person so killed or fatally injur ed was the owner of F LRST AID for the current month, containing this Coupon leg ibly signed with hi s or her usual signature in ink or pencil, both time and signature being of the essence of the contract.

£100

SIgnature

Address

...... -..................................................................... -..

l&r£biti£~. WJIE~ the adnmtages of tllnhuhnco wOl'k in this C'Hlllhy

are fully con~ide1'ed, it will 1)0 sOOLi how much the Cdlllmuuity at Im'ge would 1)oncfit if the Jll;lt81·ial ah'eaelyat band WC1'e pt'opel'1y lUll,de mie of. vVe seem to h fWC Oye1'Y sign tbn,t n. wint l' of n. Se\-ere chm·<t(;tel· will 1)e so(m upon us, l)l'i ngill O' it its WeLke, snowstOl'lllS, frost amI icc. ,Ve shoulcllike to point ont tlw,i, ill COlllltq (1istl'icts, especially where COlll111t.l11icatio11 hetwcon towns n.nc1 yj]]~lges is likely to be rliilicu1t, thel'e ought to he some pel'solls instl'llCtell in nn,t n.id, who would be able to l'entlel' :lssistance to those who become oyel'po\verec1 eithel' by snow or by extreme frost. A heavy snow, ·torm general1y chims it few yictims, but S0111e of the::;e liYes onght to be s;LYe(1 if ll clp were nt haml aCCOlllpanied l)y pt'oper l·estol'ativeH. De;lth from fro:-;t-hite:-; may not be COlllm011 in this country, bnt clisa1)lcl11E'nt, illl1cs:-;, and even f.ttHll·eslllt~ from expo::;m'e ,11'e only too well-k])o\Y11,

T'rintC'd for the ProPri etors hy W. J. GOODX, 88, Clerkenwell B.IDd A.nd ruh1i£~~lI by ALAN PALMfl:R and R~ED. at n . T"udg~r.e Ri 11. Hi'!.'.

W-ORK, PRICE 0

E PEN

that llisCUl->l->ioll sLill going all about the (ll·ill? 1£ it is, it is high time it was stop]Jecl, and the <h·ill in an di"isiollS pel'fm'mccl in thes1Llnc method, Yiz., tlmt fteloptecl hy the Otocial Drill Mauual issued hy the St. John Ambulance Bl·igac1e. JUST as 'I'e 11.1 '0 going to pl'e:-;s all

account is pu1 )lishe(l of the shocking accident in tho small com-t oil' tho Strand. wbel'ehy n cOJ1:-;iclm'a1)le nUlnhcl' of people ",el'e injm·8(1. NCI infOl'mnti0l1 is gin'H as to thf' methods employed fol' t.l , remon11 of the patientI:-.. ,Y11,lt a f;plel1elid text to use to preach a sermon on ambulance '\'Ork! Th e qnestion ngain rises before us, "ITow long shall London wait?" It i:occasions like these that show the nb:->olute nece:-;sity fOl' an ambulance service, where we get a lal'ge number of injul'ed peoplo, and tho tnlnspOl-t arrangements a1'8 loft to the polic e It is high time tl);lt proper ambulallce Carl'i,lges moe used to COllYey the patients to the h08pit'1.1, antI llot cahs, carts, 01' casters' barrows. The burning question of the clay is, " ITow long shall London wait?"

-;:- %

DlwwxIxa and accidents on tlle ico nee(l only l)e montioned, for the:-;e fatalities !'tre appalling, amI fl.l·O a SOUl'CO of gl'eat anxiety to those 'who 11H.\'e chal'ge of the oI'llamental waters in London. E"01'y p1'ni:-;0 is (lno to tho London County Council fOl' 'w hat t lH:'Y l\;lye (lone in the pm·ks towanls the Mlvancement of am bllIn.nce wOl·k, yet we would ventm'o to suggest th,lt it '"ould he ;lll ('nOt'mous adyantnge to llrLYO a body of tl'aiupdlllen, ,yell up to tl1eil' WOl'k and especinlly illstnlctecl in peden'wing al-tiJicia.lrcspinLtioll, in ntteudmlCe aL each of tlJl) pal'kH \\,1)'1l Lhc skating :-;e<1.S011 comwoncos.

----:0:------

Suffocation. THE follo\\'ing Lec ture was given by Ilon. Surgeon Heaton C. H oward, to memb ers o[ the Metropolitan Corps of thc St. J ohn ,\mbulance Brigade, on 26th September la st : !3eing requested to gil'e you a lecture on some subject likely to be of mterest to first-alders, I have chosen the subject of Suffllcation as it seems to be one that presents a good many points that are wonh your consideration. From the experience I haye o-a ined in co nd uctinO' examill:1tions ~Ild competitions, .and also from c~nsulting your text' books, r am dnvell to the conclUSIon that there are o-reat I'ari;ttions or opinion on the sympto ms as described in the text-bo~ks and th:1t the de scription s as given do not su ffI ciently CO\'er all the ~i o-ns included under this condition. b I ought to tell you II'hat T mean by the 1I'0rd « suffocatio n." Thi , word and asph p, ia are oftpn used to ex press the same mean in especially in first-aid text books; but t~1~re is a difference, a<;phyxia is~: general term , and means the condItIon thal su oen'enes on the interrupti on of the re> p iration, and includes death from han o-i n a strangu lati?n , cbo~ing an.d suffocation. S ulT,?cation pure and sil~pl~,' from a medIcal pOlllt.of 1:lew, means the condItion in which air is prevented from penetrattng IIlto the lungs, not by constriction of the windpipe, but by so me l11echa nical ca use ope rating on the mouth and nostr il s ex~erI:ally, or on the .throat, windp.ipe, and air passages internally; thIS 1I1cludes drownJl1g, srr:oth~nng, over-laying, poiso'1ing by noxIous gases. Although thIS IS the technical difference betll'een the two terms, y<:t I find that in the text-books by suffoca tion is meant asph;:xia, therefore I must use ~l:em i~ the same \\'<1)', and I will shortly descnbe to you all the condItIons 1I1cluded under the two terms Internal asphyxia being produced by paralysis of the respiratory centre through inj ury, need on Iy be mentioned. HANGING.-I do not make any rel,narks abou~ judicial hanging , because It does not come under our subject-death 111 these cases beJl1a always caused by fracture or dislocation of the spine. IVhere hanO' in~ is l.he result of suicide, we a~lVays get a certain set of sym ptoms, ~'i th whIch you ought to be acquall1ted. They are: Eyelids open and bluish the eyes starin~ and bursting from their sockets, pupils dilaled, tonCTu~ swo llen and liVId and pel haps prol rud ing from the 1l10uth,lips sll'o llen bloud or bloody froth hanging about th e mouth or no stri ls hands clenched and livid, and the face, though after death is pale, du:ino- the process is sll'ollen and congested. There will also be the mark the CT

WE note that competitions ill a.mbulance wode m'e 1J(~ ('om

ing general tlll'oughout the countJ·y, (l,nd we are "cry plc'nscd indeed of the fact. It t;eelll~ to us that they do a great deal of good in two ways Firstly, they creatc a certain amount of ent husia.sm amongst tho Flblic, which must causo an increase in the number of tho c interested, and also in the number of r ecruits. Secondly, they help to increa e the efficienoy of those concerned, both by way of healthy riYalr,}', and by the exercise of their COllllllon sense ~md ingenuity.

.. ..•.••.• d_._ . .................... ....................... ........ .... " .•••..••.. -. ,-

This Insurance is limited to one Coupon to each holder, and is not invalidated by any Insurance with this or any other Accident C01111?any. It is subject to the ordinary conditions o[ the Association's Accldel: t Policies, and is in force from midnight, 1st October, 1895, untIl midnight, 1st November, 18 95.

AMBULANCE

NOVEMBER, 1895,

- - - - - : 0 : - - - --

~o Iuntttr ~ll\bttI«nff ~rJ)oo[ of nnstrllrtioll.

Great N ol'thern Rail way Di \'isioll has 11'011 the Massey-l\1:ainwaring Challenge Cup, and tUl'ned ont a ,"Cl'y smart team. But we obsClTe the absenco of any l'epl'osen1 :1 tive from the Great Eastern Rn il way. How is thi::; ~ r s TUE

FIRST

cord round the neck. There are some cases on record of determined suicides who ha ve destroyed themselves even when 'in an almost sitting position. STRANGULATION A. D CIIOK1~G.-The s)'mptons in these two cbsses of cases are almost the same . You may find in both, evidences of a good deal of strugglinO' as shown ty the swollen a'ld conO'ested state of the neck and face, caused by the venous engorgement, and if the cause of death be homicid.t! there will be signs of injury about the head, face, neck or chest. DROWNTNG.-You must not conclude that every person taken out of the water in an insensible co ndition is suffocated by water beinO' taken into the lungs; he may be unconscious from friO'ht drunk"'enness hysteria, shock, disease of the heart, apoplexy, or '~on'cussion of th~ brain from striking his head against some solid substance or even the water itself, or .shock from injury: You should make sure if possible before you be~In to tr~at the patIent that the insensibility is produced by the drownIng, and If the case should be compli cated by any ~erious injury, you would have to consider whi ch is the best means of prod ucin g a~tificia I respi ration. 'ye wi II now consid er the sym ptons of a pers,on Insensl.ble from drowl1Ing : The face will be pale with probaoly a placId expreSSIOn, eyes half open, eyelids livid, pupils dilated, mouth closed or ~alf open, tongue swol !en and congested, the lips and nostrils covered WIth a mucous froth whIch oozes from them. The skin is cold and pallic', sometimes con\racted, generally called" O'oose-skin " These, then, are the signs of a person who is in sensible fron.:" suffocation c.1.used by drownil~g-that is, water taken into t he lunas and so preventing the inhalation of oxygen. b Th~ ne.xt question to consider is-IVhen is there no further hope of resuscltatll1g a drowned person? If the person has been in fensible from d:owning, and hag been completely under the water for more than two mll1utes during that in sensibil ity , you may not be able to do any good by :'ou r efforts. But you must remember that even if the breathing has stopped.' the. heart m~y not have stopped, so you must do ~o u r best to asc~rtall1 thIS by plaCIng your hand over the heart and ~ee!ln~ for the beatlllg, o.r even by placing your ear over it and listenIIlg j If you hear the famtest pulsation your efforts will probably be re\\arde~ by the patient's recov~ry j therefore do not lose hope so long as there IS the least chance or eVIdence of the heart doinO' its work. ? UFFO~A!!ON.-\Ve will now consider the subject suffocation as bemg a dIVISIon of the general term asphyxia. It may take place in ma~y ways, such as the mouth and nostrils being stopped by force or aCCident, e.g. a helpless person fallmg on hIS face and being suffocated by water .01' loose ea:th, and young infants suffocated by the bed-clot hes or by bemg over-laId. There .n;ay also be mechanical pressure nn the chest by a fall of ea rth or rub lllsh, or pressure with homicidal intent of whi ch ~here "'.ill be evidence. There also may be closure of the glottIS by ImpactIOn of food or other sub ;tances thus preventinO' the entrance of air to the lu.ngs, and then there is suffocation by cha~co:t1 vapour, smoke and noxIOus gases. This subject of suffocation is treated in various ways in the different text-books that are published on First Aid,. ne~r1y a ll of them grouping all the symptoms under one head, and callmg It suffocation. [The lect~rer then gave extracts. from the va.rio~s text-books show ing that the subject was fully treated III some whdst In others the description given was most insufficient. ] ' SMOTH E~ING.--: T.he various methods of smothering by which people may be serIously ll1Jured. or kIlled h.ave been previously mentioned, and I ha:,~ only now to gl\re yo~ the signs by whIch you may recognise the co~dltlOn. In the smo thenng of healthy adults where pressure is made eIther on the che~t or mouth,. t~~re are signs of violence present, and there IS usually ~ pmkn ess or lIVidIty of the face j but if the person be h.e~pless, weak, I~firm or drunk, the symptoms pointing to t his condlllon are often nIl, the p.atient's f~c~ is pale and placid, and thel e may be the greatest difficulty III recogl1lslllg the ca use of death except by a post-mortem examination. ' OVERLAYING OF CHILDREN.-This is a most important subject and one that ought to attract your attention. It is surprising nay shockina to see the .nu~nbers of cases that are brought before the C~roners ~f Lond on~ lt I.S found that over ~oo children are killed annually in .London ll1. thIS manner, and 1700 III England. The method by which It occurs IS most simple: the mother goes to bed with ner child lying yery often on her arm,. sometImes hetween herse lf and her husbandIn the course of. the IlIght the ch ild slips down and gets beneath the ?ed-cJo~hes, or 111 some cases the mother lays on it or over it, and the I~fant IS. sl.owly suffocated. The strange part is that after death the sIgns p~lntll1g to the mann~r of death are practically nil-t he fcatures are plaCid, there may be a lillIe f~oth about the mouth, but this is by no rn.eans const~nt, and the lIttle II1fant looks as. though it were calm ly sleepIng. I thInk t~e. custom of ha\'lng the lIlfant in bed with the parents. a mos~ perniCIOUS one, and I trust that those of you present he~e thiS evel1lng. who are parents, or wh? hav; the care of young chl.ldren, wIll not lesor~ to thI S ba neful practIce. [here is a plan given whIch seems to be feaSIble, VIZ., to r?ll the chil d in a shawl, turn up t~e I?wer end of the shawl and fix WIth a safety pin so as to prevent it shppll1g down, then fix the upper ~nCl of the shawl to the pillow or to the head ~f the ~ed, .and the chJld cannot then slide down. I think that to aVOJd the fisk IS better.

A. In.

[ Tovernber, 18D.5.

POTSON TNG I3Y CARBO'HC Ann GAs.-This, as you well kn uw, is<l \'ery poisono us gas, and ca uses death in a period of t i me varyi ng from a few minutes upwards, according to the proportion with whi ch it is mixed with atmospheric air. Pure carbonic ac id gas would kill in a few minutes. The symptoms are, when tbe gas is mixed with air in fatal proportion, a se nsation of great wei ght on the h ead , .1 sense of pressure in the temples, a ringing in the ears with a pungent sensati0n in the nose, a strong tendency to sleep accompanied by giddiness, and so great a loss of muscular power, that if the person be at the time in the erect posit ion, he instanLly falls to the ground as 'if struck, the breathin g at first difficult and stertorous becomes suspended, the action of the heart whi ch is at first violent, soon ceases, sensibility is lost, and the person now fa lis into a state of profound co ma; after death the face is generally pale and placid, t hough somet im es livid with distorted features if there ha s been any struggling. In case of poi soning hy other gases of sim ilar nature, such as smoke, coal-gas, &c., the symptoms are much the same, except that the insensibility seems to come on gradua lly without the person's knowledge, the lips, hands and nails are of a bluish tint, face may be livid but more oflen p'lle, the pupils are fixed. I have now given you all the different symptoms prod l. red by the various k inds of asphyxia, and, as ),011 have doubt less perceived, they may be broad ly div ided into two kinds, but you must please understand that I am solely responsible for this definition, and it is not to be fOllnd in the, text-books. Th ese tlVO kinds are sudd en asphyxia and siol\' asphyxia, or suffocation, if you li ke to use that term, a ndare recogllised by an entirely different and distinct sct of symptoms. SODDEN S[JFFOCA TTON.-The signs of sndden suffocation are practically those that have been desclibed under hangillg, choking and strangulatioll, and smothering by violence, and [will again point out to you the particular symptom that belong to this kind of asphyxia . They a re, the sudden onset, the dark bluish colour of the face and extremities, the starting eyes, the swollen tongue perhaps p "otruding, the distress or ten'or expressed in the face, and the consc iousnes:; of the patient during his violent efforts to breat h e j you will see, in fact, that these particulll' ~ i gns are caused by some interference with the venous circulation. In hanging and strangu latio n there is a constriction rounJ the tbro tt, causing pressure on the great vein s in the neck, and in choking you have either pressure on the blood-vessels from the inside by the substance that is impacted, or violent in spiratory efforts which c.tuse intense venous congeJlion. Now it is this pressure that C'luses the bluish colour to come into the face, and the eyes to be staring out of their sockets, and t he efforts that are made to get air into the lungs in crease the congestion. SLOW S 'FFOCATlON.-In this kind of asphyxia, which is really suffocation pure and simple, you will find that there is no presslll eon the venous trlll k s, that the sym ptoms are produced by the slow admixture of the poisonous vapour with the blood, or the deprivation of oxygen, causing in creasing drowsiness,lwith no s tr ug~ lillg, a placid face until at last the insensibility ends very quietly in dealh . The mode in whi ch death is caused here is as follows:-The oxygen that the blooci requires to keep the heart and the great nerve centres going becomes gradually diminished, the carbonic acid gas ca nn ot be got rid of, or more is taken in, and in consequence the venous blood corning from the heart cannot get properly purified or o'{ygenated, and th u; the arteria l blood gradually becomes venous. The effect of this on the brain is to cause insensibility, and in time the nerve centre for respiration becomes increasingly paralysed, and the chest movements become slower until at last the chest movements stop, and respiration has ceased. At the same t ime the heart as well is becom ing paralysed, and very soon afterwards the paralYSIS of the hea rt becomes complete, a nd death ensues. You can now see the reason of the~e two :lifferent sets of symptoms; the one is brought about qUIckly, oWlI1g to the pressure on the venous trunks, as well as to the diminished supply of oxygen caused by the same pressure, and the ot her is brought about more sluwly owing to tl:e bluod becoming gradually impregn ated with carboni c acid gas, or the particular poisonous gas caus ing the mischief, or to the want of oxygen. DROWNING.- It may ha\e struck sOllle of you whilst I have been speaking that this in se nsibility does not come under this head. A lit tle examination, however, will prove that it does. \Vben a person enters the water and sinks, the efforts that are made to breathe draw into tlIe air-tubes, not oxygen, but water, preventing immediately t he entrance of the oxygen, aud causing .the whole of t he blood rapidly to become \enous The violent struggling efforts that are macle in crease the co ndition, and in sensibility supervenes very quiCkly, and respirat ion soon ceases. You may in some cases get a livid colo ur of the fa ce, but generally the face is pale, although the ends of the fingers may be dark. If the person is taken out before the heart stops, there is a good chance of restoring life, t herefore artificial respiration oug ht to be performed as speed ily as possible. TREATMENT.-Before going into this part, it may be as well to consider the reason of the different ways asphyxia is treated in the textbooks. It seems to me that because the treatment is practically the same in all the cases, the authors have not thought it necessary to detai l the symptoms of each. In cases of hanging, choking, and most cases of strangulation, it is of course evident what is the matter, and

FIRST

Noyember, 1895.J

remedi es have to be applied immediately, but in d rowning and suffo cation by nox iou s gases or smo thering, it may not be so easy to tell the exact com plaint from which t he patient is suffering, and if you do not know the sign s of suffocat ion, [ don't know how you are to diagnose the complaint. You must remember that in cases of homicid,d smothering and suffocat ion, the signs velY often are nil, and the patient may require artificial respiration, although the face is pale and not blue. In hanging, ch ok ing and strangulation, of course the first thing to do is to I emove the cause. Noxluus GASES.-Of course remove the patient into fresh air, apply salts, da~h co ld water over the Llce, and apply artificial respiration. DRO\\ ' ING.-Examine the patient as well as yo u can, to see that the cause of the in sensibili ty is suffocation from water taken into the lungs, examine for injuries to the trullk or limbs, and clo not perLlrm Sylvester's with a bit- ken arm, but employ the appropriate method. The lecturer then concluded by giving demon strations showing the various methods of artificial respira.tions-Sylvester's, i.\1arshall Hall's, and Ho\\'ard's.

- - - - - : 0 : - - --

jJlott~. By "TOUH,NIQUET." ,\VIll-X 1 r cei\'otl lllY llumlJCr of this Journal for la:-.t month,l tll Ollg-bt it looked 'cry :"tnlllge, and thon fOlllcllhat my Note were not in. ] was a \yay at the lime, and it appearcd that tlle}, aITi\ cd too late 1 apologise, but accidents will Ilappen, especially when first aid call1lot be rendered.

"' "' *

I \\"01:LD advise my readers, e:-.pccially lhose in the country, to re:Jr1 thc lect11l'C on ", 'l1ffocation" in this is:me, byHoll . Surgeon lI. C. lIo\\HI'd. There was a large au<lionce at Lhe Gate wllo were g reatly illtcrested uy the artificial rcspiration. Tbey wcre shown ho\\' it shoulclnoL ue done. Tile l1ur:.;es \\'ere Lhere, and enjoyed it.

* ,.

NEW hrooms weep clean. 'Will t he lie,," one sweep cleaner than the old ol1e? if ::iC', he has all hi . work Cllt out.

"' *"'

TnE t\\'o "Chief::i " from Head Ql1arterr:; honoured the conccrt at the Doruugh of H ackney Club the other e\'ening with their presence. ;I, -;'(..

,I'

THE concert, which was given in aid of the Drum and Fife Band of the lIa gl,rer::.ton Di"itiion waR a huge SllcceRS. A grand audience, a good prograllllllC, (llHl, to crOWll it all, tile big Chief am1 his little brothel' took a turll with Lhe clwirllJ<ln'" LalllWCl'. ll' ,I,

l1\1 1]'S'1' ",ay that in their new ?'fU(! they uoth aequittcr1 tbelll::<ehes well-ill facL, La u:;e tlle fa, omite phrase of the clramatic critic, " they scemed to thc manncr born." Hall el::;e fail::; there is a g'uo{l openin g for ei ther of them. ,y, ,I' 'f.

JOIGXG nparl, boi.h the Brigado Cllief :llld Chief Supt. 1\[organ must hel'C uecll pleased at tll warlllth of llicirreception. They arc uoth general 1'a \'Ourites at the Cllll>, am1 ] 1'eel ::;111'e tue members apprecia ted the kindly interet they took in their show. ~\'-

o.J';'

O~WE more the l\Iassey-Mainwaring Cup bas been lost and Wall.

BRAVO, Great Northern ! you made a good fight for it last year, and I am plea cel to ::ice tba.t this year your eilort::; arc cro wned with success. 'I' ,:1,

A worm of praise must also be awarded to the Oxford lIollse team- they made a grand strugglc for th e Cup. Next year lllay they ha yc the llonolli' of winning it.

** Oli' Course tb ere was the usual" not La be liHed patient" in the one lUan competitioll, a11c1 it was comical to witne::;1:) the frantic eilol'ts of the cOlllpetitors. Private Solonlons, of the OxfonllIuu:"c Diyision, ~boroughly deserved the hearty round of npplauRe which he got wh en 111 spite of tbe awkward character of hi::; lllan he succceded in raisino' 11im all llis shoulder. '" 'Ii .~,

'I'

BY-1'nE-J3YE, iL was not quite orthodox to sec U..lC patient "'illl raeturecl rib ' put both a1'1n8 r o und the bemer's neck-one arlll,::illl ely ught to have beon in a sling I

AID.

TIm Brigade Chief has been getting about lately. Amongst other places he has paid it vi.~it to BirnJingham, where Ile had an interview with the local oflicers, anent Lhe question of the Drill Book. Although the "jews of " the Chief" and tlloe of the local officers did not quite coincide, Lhe meeting was of the 1110 L friendly character. "The Chief" refuses to be drawn, but sLales that he was 1ll0re Lhan pleased with the Ilearty manner in which Ile was received.

*",.<1' I nOPE to hear of further visits, as I am sure that this is all that is required to knit London and tLe Provinces closer together,

* *;.

I SEE that one well-known member of the Brigade has left. Mr. Alan Paltller has resigned the position of Superintendent of the Cyclist DiYision. lIe was, I belie\'e, one of the founder of the Brigade, an(1 his au::.ence will ue keenly felt by many of his old friends . H ir:; division pre ented Ilim with a handsome lalllp, the appropriate remarks being made by his old companion in arms, the Brigade Cllie£. Perhaps looking after this J oumal interfered with Brigade c1utie'l ? >I<

>I<

* As competitions seem to be all the rage, I intend having on~ for my r eaders. 1 will give particulars next month. 1I1&1.n whIle, I should like to receive a suggestion or two. There will be a prize.

- - - - - 0 : - -- - -

Qiookrt'u for TInbalii)>> ani) tfJc ~icft+ By "CHEF ROYAL." JELLIED Qur;'<iCE, Q UINCE JELLY AND Qll I:-;~E SYRup:-There seems to be a superabundance of these neglected frUIts about Just noll', and cooks are at a loss to know what to do with them. Try this as an experiment. Pa re and core two lar~e quinces, and cut them into sn;all unequal-shapec.l pieces. Put them m a stewpan, or small sugar-bOIler with 'lb. of brown sugar and a teacupful of water. Let them stew slo\d~ for over an hour,. the~ tur.n the I?t into a flat glass dish, and , when cold serve to the lIlvahd with or "\\Ithout good cream. Invalid; always take a piece, or perhaps two, and fancy more, but that would be inclined to disagree, if permitted . To make a bright jelly of quinces, boil the same number, served ~s before in the same quantity of sugar, put at least It pmts of w~ter. T~lS will reduce to less than one pint. Boil slowly untIl the qUlllces WIll pulp, then strain off the juice into a jelly-mould, and add to it whilst still warm I oz. of soaked isinglass. \Yithout the isinglass you would have a quince syrup, which may ~e used in a drink-3 tablespoonfuls to a small bottle of soda-water, or It is delicious oyer g round-rice pudding. "'HAT TO DO "'ITU A FOWL.-Lct it be as plump as you can get it, 'llld as YOll do not want it trussed, have the gi.blets with it. . . ~oTE. - Be careful to see that you hetle the lIver, and that It IS the liver removed frollltbe fo\\ I you are buying. It will give you unquesti.onable and inclisput,tble eviJence of ;.he freshness of the ~lrd. If the lIver has been" drawn," you are not (lulte so sure of you.!' bud as y~lI would be if it is drawn before you, for the poulLerer nny gl\re you ~ lIver that does not belonO' to the bird you are buying. The heaJ wdllll[orm YOll as to age, and ~o will the claws, for in an aged bird the beak and cla:vs (from prolonged scratching fo~' grubs) are hard and worn round the pomt and edges. Best p:an of all IS to buy of a poultel e r who knows you . . " 'hen the bird comes home lay it on its bac~ and draw a sh~rp klllfe alonO' the crest of the breast-bone, cu tting well t nrough the skm. Then disse";;t the skin down on each side. and when it is folded down low enough, remo\'e with the point of the knife those two thick pieces of meat that I ie near ea-:h side of the breast-bone. These are called" fillets," and can be removed quite whole. . In a small saucepan (casse?'ole) have about .tlb. of cooklllg but.ter boilinO' (this butter can be llsed over and o\'cr agalll, anJ goo.d margarIl:e does ~early as well), and into this drop the fillets, leavlllg t~em 111 for about 30 minutes. Take them out and at once roll then~ 111 very fine baked bread cr umbs. Lay them on a small ornamental dIsh-paper on a hot plate, pepper very lightly, and spl'lnkle along each-one bei n g laid each way-,a .tiny garnisl; of powdered baked par~ley .. A drop or two of lemun )LIII'e on each Improves the flavour. Selve WIth a thin folded slice of white bread and butter. . I will tell you what to do with lhe rest in our next number; meantnne, I have to apologise for 1 rolongeJ absence [rom these colum n". due entirely to ill-health.

--------:0:------KES\\'lCK.-PRESENTATION TO I\IISS BENN.-At the Parish R oom, in the presence of the members of the committe~ of the St. J ohn Am~:lU lance Assoc iation, an address was presented to MISS Benn, on her leavmg Keswick after fourteen yeals' \\ork as hon. secretary to the St. John Ambulal~ce :~ssociation, Keswick Centre.

FIRST

36 IMPORTANT NOTICE.

We beg to give notice that thi.s Journal will in future be published on the Jst of th e month. In order to meet the reqUirements of the trade, it must be actually published by the 25th or 26th, so we must ask all our correspondents to send in their contributions by the 22nd a t the latest.

TO ADVERTISERS. As no paper at the present day can exist ""'ithout Advertisements, we beg to draw the attention of Advertise rs to this Journal. It has been in existence for 12 months, nas a steadily increasing circulation, and is th e only Jourr,al cf its kind circulating amongst firstaiders in all parts of the world, and is read by thousands every month. These arM fdctS worth knowing and digesting.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR 12 months, IS . 6d., post free, Lo be sent to the Pu blishers, Alan Palmer & Reed, II, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-" ARTERY, LONDON ."

Alb .

[Novemher, 1895 _

Celse Or ill smHO Pl'OllCl' r eceptacle (itt II up in the boat, I t mio'ht, e\"e11 he po:-;:-;ihle to cany R, stretcher, and provic1ed tl H~t this 1\"l.~l'C JitLed with <1, " Lowmool' J'ackct," it would he po:-:siblc to llW\-e nn injlll'Cll pm'sou \\ it,hout LIte lia1)il.ityof fm-thcr c nnplica ing Iti:-; injl1l·il':-;. Of C01Il':-;C it lIlay he al'gllcll that tlte llll'll ill ehm'gc of thc boat lliwe iny;),L'iably go't all theil' \\"Ul"iz cut out to :-;a I (} life, This \\'e l'en<1ily admit, but e \-ell if the life 1>0<1 tmen them:,;cl vel> ('oulll not llJlclel't,akc the cxtn]' t;lsk illVoh"ec.l, it ought to be po:-;sihle at eac·h tltn.Lioll to ;lLL<I(~h olle 01' 1ll01'e of the local am1ml:mcc men who wonld l)e ,\"illing to as:-;i:-;t in thi:-: way . We arc O'i\"cn to ullllm':-.tallll that at 1\Ltl'g,lte the eDel'getic Superintcmlent often aC(;Olll p<lnie:-: thc lifehoat i It this e;),pacity on it:-; mi:-;:-.ion of men'y, If thi:-; hc tlO, "\I·Ity (',m i t not he iutl'oducell into othm"to\\'u:-;? vVe ,\1'e sanguine th'lt. it would ollly be nccL'ss,u'y to a,pply fOl' YOlUllteel::-; fo1' tlll' 1'('Of (;~lln;e it would <Jllest to meet with ;1 hcmty l"e:-,pl)Jlb~ l)e impel'ati\-c to make it lllO:-;t C',\l'~f111 :-;electl.ou - ouly lllE'll ,\"ho al'e gond :-;ailOl':-; ;11l<1 w110 1l11ght be l'eherl upon to I ll.' (;00] aud clem'-llclI(letl in time of claugel', "\I"()ul(lll1LYe to lie em'ol1 ell , llllt we thiJ,k the ~ugg~:-;ti()u i:-; wOl-th a trial. Had there heell l)la,nkpt:-; l111cl nt.llel' l'l~:-:t()l'nLi,'e:-; <1\"ail<lhle aL thiC\ 11fntCOlllbe Lli:-;a:-;tel', \\-e cnllllOL hel l) feeling that po()\' C,lptain Dickedeg would ltnyc 11<1cl ,1 1Jeitel' chance of hi:-; life, \Ve hope th],t the aut.ho1'itil':-; of IlfJ'Hcolllhe will take tlli:-; le:-;son Lo ll eari, <1,11(1 11e\"e1' agaill a]]o\\, :-;lIch n. :-;tigmn, to l'et:it a.gaillst the town, - - - - : 0 : . -- -

FIRST AID.

~tnllulan(e

11'0 rEJIBER 1, 1SD5,

A gl'eat "aye of incbgnation passed o'"er the country ,,,hen the particulal':-; of the IIORROR . l'ecent calamity at llfn1CGlllbe camc to be publi:,;hecl, ,,,bel'e])y it ,\'a:-; :-.een that 8, seaman ,\"as practica]]y left to die on tbe l'ocks. The broad fads arB the:-;e :- A :-'lllall Ye, ':-.el II as '\Tecked in the ueigh lJOUl'hoocl, and the cn ptc1in m1U1<1gec1 to battle the WayeH :-;0 succe:-;sfullyUwt lie was w ashed HshOl'e sowe miles from the tO\\l1 in an uUelly cxham,t cl ~tate, iu "\"\ hich he 'was found early in t Il e l1JOl'ning 1JY two men, ,,,ho canied him out of the H><tch of Lhe tille, [LUll placed him on the rock::., gaye him :-;ome toiJacco, and then went to Ilfl'acombe anel repol'i.ed the ca:-;c'. .1\ t a1Jout 5 p.m. (as pI'oYed by the inque:-;t) a lifeboat proceeded to the place and brought him ofl', 1Jut the shock,re:-;ultipg hom cXllo:-;ure and exbau:-;tiolJ,1I a:-; too much fOJ' the POOl' fellow and he succumbed When wc I' ad the fil·:-.t accollut of thiH c1i:-;Hi"itel' we cculd not belieye that :-;uch an OCCLU'l'enCe ,yas poi::isiLle in this countl',)', for it is :-;uppo:,cd to be ciyili, ed, but when the eyidence :-.ull:-.ecfuelltly giyen at the illque:-.t proved it up to the hilt, wc felt ashHme<1 that such cal'elessness (to use a mild tel'm) was pelmitted at a fnshionable watering-place , .Are ,\-e to take it tlwt llOne of the rer-;ponsible authOl'jticH at Ilhacombc know wllat First..Ai 1 means? Tbe 1'I:l'Clict of the jUly" tbnt lwc1 illcn) beCll Pl'OPCl' appliallces takcn out and m<Lni Pl1la.tc'cl 1»), cOllllJetcnt men the m:111'r-; life would llayc bcen san'd," i:-; Huilic-icntly condemnatory. 'l'hel'e m'e t,\"o POilltr-; c:-:pecinlly "\"\ ortIly of notice in tlli:-. ('ase-they are, The tim that elapi::ied IJefol'c assi:-;tallC'e ,\ nR sent, aud the absellce of fil':-;t aid tl'eatment. The fin,t l'8:-;i:-; with the authoriti sat IIfl'acowlJe who fiJ' an '"\\ 81'al)le, hut tbe seeol1Clleall:-. u:-; i.o make some l'elllC1l'k:-; that set'w ju:-;tific(1. Ii 011gllt, io 11l'iug lIClnl(:' to tIle <ll1tll<Jl·ities of tIle a tiOlml Lifl,l,cJiti h t"tit.lIti( lJ ill, 11l~vJlL JI(>("(>:-;:-;i1y 1l1<1tc.'~ j:-.ti"'lJOtOll ly to ~ee tllHt 11ll' lil'c.,lHJilt l11ell ,Ill' ilJi"iillldl (1 ill iil :-;t aid In'i]) ('i1'1 e:-.. lmt al:-;o to H .! !' tllHt tItc'il' lHJutH me a1ll1l)":-; IJloyillccl "\\ iill blallkeb HlHl otlle)' <Il'pli(llJ(:l':-; fOl' i.hl' Ui::iC of t11e l'ebcucll. 'l'Le:-.e c:ou](l 1 (' ]('aclily (,;tl'l'ic'<1, "\\ l' pl"l':-'1lln('~ ill a well-made JL FRM'O~l BE

lin»trurtion for ~ciun£n.

T\\-o hundred and thirty merchant sailors and a number of other O"uests assembled at the j\jission~ to Seamen lnslitute a~ Poplar on the ~nniversa.ry of its opening. The building \\"as prettily decorated, an excellent concert was given, and the presentation of St. John Ambulance certificates took place, In the intervals between their voyage s, many men have already received ].Jartial instruction in first aid to the injured from Dr. Radford of the London IIospltal, aSSisted by Mr, Tob le. Fifty-nine of these sailors have comple:edthe prescribed course of ambulance instruction, passillg successfully the examinations held by Dr. Tunstall, of the volul1leer fcrces, Already many occasions have offered for pUlling this userul tmining into pr<lctice, for severe accidents occur on board ship, such as dislocations, fractures, scalds in the boiJerlOom, bad cuts, &c. In the absence of medical aid, the seamen have frequently practised" second aid" also. On one occasion a certificated seaman is said to have instructed his shipmates how to apply splint~ to his oll'n broken lell', with admirable results. The weekly classes are "ery popular amongst sailors, who realise the advantages derived f10m such teaching. ] L is suggested that a class for nursing should also be established, Ambulance In structlon for Seamen is spreading to a lar~e extent. A number of officers are undergoing training in first aid , This is due to the meeting held at Fi hmongers' H a ll which was inaugurated by Capt. A. G. Froud, R . T,R ., Secretary of the Shipmaster's Society, and '\[r. Alan Palmer, ~J on, Sec. City ami POlt of London, St, John An bula nce Associa Lion.

- - - -:0:- - - TO CORRESPONDENTS, [ IVE a re exceedingly obliged for cu~tings and extracts se.nt., but I~~ ay we a sk our correspondents to mark the 1I1lportanl parts, as It IS 1111pO S~ 1 )le to publish a large proportion of the contli butiol13 sent in. ] IV, ATKINs.-\Ve tha lk you for what you have sent, but be merciful, as life is short, and our co lumn s are limited. - - - - :0; -

BI·lnI.E\' . - On Saturday, October I2th, at Messrs. 0, & J. F old's, Ri shton l\[ill, Burnley, while \ji ss Beatrice Clegg was at he\\tJIk at a winding machine her hand was caught between two cog\\ heels causll1O" very se\'ere injuries to her two fore-fingers . Mi ss Elizabeth Pickles, a member of the ladies' division of the S1. John Ambulance Corps, "'as very quickly summ on sed to render first aid, and but for her prompt attemion to the injuries, the results might have been much more serious, Dr, Crum p afterwal d s came, and commended 1\1 iss Pickles on her neatness and m e thod of dressin g the inj ured young lady'~ hand,

FIHST

November, 1895_J

@ur lPol'trait <Baller\? CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT T, R. WOOLSTON_

mR. JU

T,HARRY WOO L ,'TO J, the popule-a Chief ,'up l'int endent of the Wellingboro' Corps, was bonl in that town on March 18tll, 1855, Hewasccluceltecl first at the W el lingbOl'ough Gl·.unillal' Sehool, ;tnJ i:>uhsequelltly ;It St.P,tul's,SLony r"'tnttfo]'rl, the 'Warden of tl1C latter school being the R ev_ W . Mooney Hiltch, 1\1 A., of New College, Oxfol"Cl. H e WW:i one of the Hemor student:-; in the Chemical Laboratory, and in 1872 took the pl'izefol' theEllgJi~h Es:-;ay , In OctobCl', 187:3, 1\11', vVoobton p;]'ssed hii::i examination :1.." assi:,;tant apothecary befol'e the Court of Ex"l miner:-; of tbe SocieLy of ~ potheeiu'ie:-;, and ill the following year he pa:-;:-.ed hi~ exarnillatioll a..':i chemist, In 1877 he ,wceptell an appoilltmellt aN seniOl' a~:-;i:-.tant to the well -known firm of J\fe~~l':-;. ,'teele & Marsh, of 1\Iilsom Rtreet, Bnth, remaiuing with that finn for foul' years, during ,\'hich tillle he made a large circle of fric]](1s anc1 gained t11e e:-;teem :llld l'espect of Loth his employel':-; ~ll1cl theil' employes. R etumillg to N ol'thamptoll in 1882 h e pLU'chal-iec1 tJ1C c1ispens<1ry lm:-;ille:-;tl of 1\h, • 'hi plllan, of N Ol,thampton; this bu:-;inc:-;H WflS caniecl on i:>uccei::i:-;fu]]y lly 1\11-, Woolston until thc yeal' 1 87, when, owing to the c.1eetth of hii:> mothCl' and the failing he;tlth of bi~ fathcl', he retul'l1ed to hi~ natiye town in order to l)e with his pal'eut in his declining year', In 1888, the :-;uhjcct of om' :-;kctch ,\"it.." i:>tined 1y the am huhnce illOyelllent which was beginning to make gl'eat strides in the Couuty of NOl'tbamptol1t:ihil'e, In the following yeal' be joined the vVellinghorollgh COl'Pt:i <"IS a private, and in 1890 he was appointed Ai:>~it:itallt Secretary to the W cllingbol'ough Centl'e of the St_ John Ambuhmce As~ocia tion, t:iubsequently bcing nppointec1 Chief Officer of the (Jorp:-;, a position which he 11~11-i held with cre lit and distinction to himself and to the advantage of the corpi:> which he has the hOllour to command. On the death of his father, Ml', Wooh;toll electecl to ]j\"e in N ol'th amptoll, and fOl' a pel'ioel of twell'e months occupied the position of Dl'ill ~npCl'illtelldent to the corps of that town, resigning the po:-;it ion laiel' 011 in consequence of the extra duty devolving on hiw, owing to llii:> Imving aC'ceptell the position of Chief Officer of the newly-fOl'med Kettering Corps, Chief Ruperiutendent vVool:-;ton i:,; by no means an ielle man, f01' ill addition to the manifold duties he unclm'takes in cOllnection with ambulance wol'l{, he is a GOyel'nol' of tJw N ol'tham pton Innrmal"y and also a lllClll bm' of the Fill<lllce COlllmittee and the vVecldy Boanl of that Institution, ill the welfm'e of which be 11;1,S alw;\,Yi:> shown the Wal'llle:,;t ::,ympathy, Bclieving ill the olll adage " That all wOl·k nnd no play, makes Jack a chill boy," 1\h. vVool ,ton find~ time

A ID,

fOl' recl'e,Ltion, being one of the foundel's of the Northampton Golf Club, to which gRD1e h e elevotes much of hiH little leisuI'e, H e is also ,L keen and intrepid hori:>emLtn and n follower of tbe hounds, and has at times been enabled to put his amhulance knowledge to good use in the case of an accident in the hunting :field , Icloli~ec1 hy hiH men, and thoroughly appreciated by his old towllsmen, he has been the means of seem'ing for am hnlance w01'k in WeJli11gbOl'ough a front po, ition, and the loc ..],l Rl1thol"itie~, recognising hiH genuine worth and sterlillg qualitie.', rendel' him evel')' assistance. B e ba.s a Im 'ge cil'cle of friends amongst ambulance men in all part') of the coulltry <md tho:-;e who know him best and ca.ll him " Tommy" will enc1or:-;e our wish that he may he spat'eel for mall} yem's to cilrry on the good work, the detail:-; of which he lc)\-c:-; NO mnch anel J1<l-l:i ~o thoroughly at he..trt, ;0:----

lGrrbtntlon (5 brttrr tf)Clll ([Urt'."

THE[~E is ufficient sense in the above line to rer:der it worthy of the earnest consideration of a first"aider. To pre\'~ nt accident is of th e first importance; t o assist skilfully after the accident b as happened is of the next, For this reason we haye decided to give th e practice of prevention)) very considerable attention in our ensuing numbers) and, as will be surmised, this subject has many ramifi ca ti ons, extending its fibres into the very heart of domestic life. \lV e do not flin ch from the task undertaken, complicated as it may seem) and capable of s uch vast int erpretations ; all we ask of our readers is that they will assist uS with this part of our labour as enthusiastically and generously as th ey have with others One of the very finest preyent:ttives of accident is " good health.)) This should be carefully and strenuously promoted, for by doing so many an accidenL or sudden attack may be avoided _ Let us take a case in point, l\1r. Johnson suffers from occa5ional attacks of dyspepsia; he indulges indiscreetly at supper) and spends a restless night. In the morning be is nervous and unrested. Late for breakfast-burries it down-late for train-late for office-hurry, fl.urry, scurry! "Hi there! I) But the shout came too late, Mr. Jobnson is under the wheel, and the victim of an accident that would not have happen ed to bim had he not indulged unwisely the night before, Sucb a case as tbe preceding is obvious to all; but we will take anotber of a different kind in order t~ demonstrate to your completesatisfaction that by attention to health and hygiene some accidents, at least, may be avoided. Mental depression is only too often the instigatorofanaccident. 'Vedonol refer to suicides, murders nor to acts of mental aberration, but imply to the conse~ quences of thoughtl essn ess or carelessness as the results of lowness of spirits, Mental depression is a common result of living in insanitary house or dwellings surrounded by in sa nilary conditions, therefo re we shall gi\'e much attention to this subject in a future Dumber. Our contention i that the efforts of the fir:,t-mder should not be confined to aiding accidents a:1d udden attacks when they OCCur but that the whole SLI bject of hygiene, including domesti~ sanitation, forms a by no means unimportant part of his training, and it is with this conviction that we have the pleasure to announce tbat o u r ensuing numb e rs will contain articles contributed by expert and authoritative writers on(I

J e'rl'!} 13uildin{f.

Explaining so me popular (:;rrors by whIch" cheap)) and

November, 1895 ,J

FIRST

roomy buildings are confound,ed, with those that are built without due regard to Sal11tatlOl1. Bake1.'s B1'ead and its Adulte1'at1'on.

A fruitful source of illness and enfeebled life. Common Causes of Jl!entc£l Disease. Populc£?' E?'1'Q1'S conce1'rl,ing D1'inkimg TVate1'. Good Conditwn: lIow to c,ttain a.nd p?'ese?'z'e it. The P e1'ils of OVe1'-tmining f01 ' Atl/'letics ,

and others in course of arrangement .

AID,

EWCASTLlL- On O ct. 1St. a man slipp ed dowr. in his hou se through treading on a piece of fluit, breaking his thi g h i.n two places, First aid was rendered by Hon. Surgeon .llatton al~d Dnll Instructor T. Cook, who afterwards removed the patIent t.o the l~lfirmary. . ROYTON.-On Wedn esday, Sept. r 8th, a ltttle girl whil st playlllg with a wringing machine, had the misfortune to g,e t I~ er fingers be~w~en the rollers crushing them I'ery severely. til ISS 1\1al y A. COOP~I . " .ho is a member of the Roy tOil ambulance corps, bandaged the IIlJuled fingers anu took the girl to Dr. B entley. Ol~ eAam1l1atlon the doctor found that one of the fingers was so severe ly wounded t ha t It was necessa ry to amputate it. rrivate D. Ball, of the Roy ton corps, and wh o is e l1ployed at Messrs. Platt Bro~, and Co.' Ol~ham, has bau during the past three weeks no less than five C.Loes 111 whi ch he renuel ed first-aid .

- - - -:0:- - - -

- - - - :0:- - - -

~tr~t

[November, 1895,

iIDrill @ti:Y c r~,

g tll necori:Y.

TOYNB EE [JALL.-On September 7th, A. E. Paddon, of the Toyn?ee Hall Divi sion assisted by !\fr. Arthur Kimber, treated a man suffermg from a fractUl~ed femur. The ma n was knocked d.ow.n by a !arge b~rrel in the street, After hav ing secured the fracture m ImprovIsed splmts, he was conveyed to the hospital in sa~ety.-On. O ctober rst, late at niO'ht a man named Parker wa , stabbed In the grom, by a man unkn own, ne~r 'Toynbee Hall. Supt. 'vV. Humphri s \Vinny treated the wound with antiseptic dressinO' and roller bandage. The man who lost a large quantity of blc 0 I was ~on veyed by the a id of the po!i ce on one of the ~tretc he'rs of the division to the hospital when: he was detained. - BUR NLEy-On September 231d, an accident occurred to Willian: Henry Valentine, 7 years old, of +, Stephenson .Square, lBurnley. ,It appears a band of musi c was playin&, along Accnngton R oad, and tne noise of the drum caused a horse, whIch was attache~ to a hea'.'y cart, to bolt knocking the little fellow down, and runnmg over hI S legs, which \~ere severelv bruised as also his left arm. A. L Jrcl , a member of the ambulance -corps, wds soon on .the scene of th~ accid~nt, anu having washed and dres~ed the injure~ ltmbs, conveyed hIm tohls home. Dr. Sutcliffe was called 111, and.complimented M.r. Lord for the manner in which he had applied fil st aId; the boy IS dOll1g we~l. .. CONWAY.-A lady writes: On September 13th, whilst on a VISIt to Conway Castle, North Wales, I had the opportunity of .witnessing. a most plucky and praisew?r~hy act ')n the .rart of a hospItal nurse III renderinO' first aid to the Il1Jured. An aCCIdent happened on the Conway Suspension Bridge. A cart, crossing sharply round a curve, overturned and without warning an old man and a lad were thrown violently to the' ground. The lad, who lost all consciousness, was quickly removed to the doctor's house; no one seemed to know what to do for the aId man who wa s in an agonyof pain, when a young lady came quickly upon the sdd sce~le. S~e seemed to ~ke in the wh ole situ~tion immediately. Removmg a stl.k handke:chlef from the old man s neck, she made a tourniquet for hIS leg, whIch arrested. the flow .of bl~od then issuing forth from the broke~ part of the hmb. . \Vlth stIcks and handkerchiefs she formed an Implomptu splInt which kept the leg as straight as possible. The suffere.r was th~n ta.k:n to the doctor's house at Conway, and he, with ~he aId of thI S wtlltng nurse, applIed an additiona I splint, and the patIent was removed to the Llandudn o Cottage Hospital where he is going on well, and the doctor hopes to save the leg. Th'e young lady received her training. at. th~ Bri stol Royal Infirmary, and I heartily .congr~tulate that IIlstl tutlOn upon havmg taught her so e!1icie,ntly. There IS no doubt that she was the means of saving the old man slIfe. DRINKING POISON FOR BEER AT RETTENDON .-l\1rs. ~fary Nokes, the wife of Aaron Nokes, a labourer living at Rettendon, has been saved from death by poi so ning, owing to the promptness of P.C. Mules, a holder of the St. John Ambulance Certificate. It appears that there was in a cupboard inlMrs. okes's! cottage, a glass bottle containing beer and another containing sugar of lead. The bottle containing the latter usually stood in one particular place, but on Saturday its position was altered, Mrs. Nokes went to the cupboard and had a drink of what she thought was beer, but she speedily found she had made a mistake. P.C. Mules was called in, and he promptly admini stered an emetic, which caused the wo~an to vomi.t, and thus saved her !tfe, Mr. Marshall now has the patIent under hl s care. KESWTCK.-ACCTDENT AT THE STATION.-On Tuesday morning Mr. J. Elleray, met with a pain'iul accident while about his work at the new roof of the platform , He had nearly r~ac~ed tlte top of the l~dder \\hen owing to the wet and slippery flags, It sltpped and caused hIm 10 fall t~ the ground. In the fall ?e had the misfortune to injure hi s left elbow, a small piece of bone ~elllg broken .from the ulna, and he was much bruised on the left thIgh. FIrst aId was rendered by Messrs Cutts and Brown members of the Ambulance Brigade. LEYToN.-On 'Oct. 2Jst, Mrs. M. Payne sustained a seri ous injury, resulting in a fractured right thigh. Firs~ aid was rendered by Marston , E . Smith , B. Green and J . l\Iyllll s, who put on a splmt reaching from the shoulder to the feet, and rolled the clothes round the limbs and bandaged with a roller bandage. 1 he patient was removed on a ~tretcher to the \Yest IIam H ospital.

!:'I.

"OLUNTEER A:\1BUL.\NCE SCHOOL OF I~STRlTST10~. President :-MAJOR ANDREW l\IACLURB, late L.S.R.'. O/fices :- 7, St. ]Jellet Place, Gracecbnrcb Stree~, E.C. ORDERs. -Sa lunlay, ovemuer 2nd, botb class~s wlIl paracl~, at 4..30 p.m. for lect me and. drill. L"lllform: Dnl,l order.,. ~h e achancec1 class will on thIS date be taken by Surgeol;-C~tpt.ll11 Hudson. Monday, NovclIlber 4th, gcner tl para.(le at 1.20 p.m. Stretcher drill at 7. 30 p.m. t:.30 p.m., lecture for the new class by t:)urgeol1-Lielltenant T. Dicksou. liLB., on \I'O lllHls <1lI(~ hmmo::rhage. Lecture for the a(h-ancecl class on medical and :;urglCal eqlllpllJCnt by Surgeon-Captain L. IIuc1:;on . By oreler:

II. I". >'TOKES, ~Ilrgeon-Major A.M,H..

Octobe1' 29th. 1895.

Senior l\Ic(lical Ofticer lllstruc:tor.

ST. JOH~ A:\lBULANCE 13R[GADE. CYCLIST DrVISION, METROPOLTTA:.'-I CORl'S, November 4th.-Drill at [T ea.! Quarter'>, St. John's Gate, 7.30 p.m. 9th, Lord Mayor's Day- Parade fvr uuty atlIeau Quarters " 9 a.m" full uniform. IIth.-Banuagin,;- In struction (roller), by till'. C. Alan " Pa lmer at IT, Ludgate Hill, 7 p. m. 18th.-Lecture by Surgeon-Captain Sleman, L.R,',B., H eau " Quarters. "Transpor,t of the ,\Vounded. 2 Sth.-Drill at IIea d Quarters, St. john s Ga te, 7.30 p,m,

POTTEI:IES CORPS. Nov. 1,7.+5 p.m., T ow n Hall, Tewcastle, (Sq,uad Drill) ; Nov. 3,3 p.m ., Round H ouse Stoke (Lecture by Dr. Arlldge); Nov. 6, 7.~0 pm .. Schools Leyc~tt (Poisons and lhill); TO V. 6, 7.30 p.m., School s, Audley' (Squad and Stretcher Drill); Nov. 8, 8 p.m., Town Ha~l , Burslem (Squad and Stretcher Drill) ; Nov. 8,8 p.m., Schools, Et,:ul'la (In structi on by Mr. Cartledge) ; Nov. 10, 3 I?m, Ro~nJ ~lou se, Stok~ (Lect ure by Dr. Arlidge); Nov. 1+,8 p.m., Schools, Etru~la, (Stretche, Drill); 'ov. 15,7.+5 p.m ., Town IIall, ewcastle(Bandaglllg); Nov. 17, 3 p.m., Round H ouse, Sto~e (Lecture by Dr. !\rl,dJ;:e); Nov. 21,8 p.m ., Schools, Etruria (Bandagll1g); Nov. 22, 8 p.m., l own lIall, Bursle~ (Squad and Stretcher Drill); ~ov. 2+.' Round , H ouse, Stoke (Le~tUl~ by Dr . Arlidge) ; Nov. 28,8 p.m., Schools, l... truna (Pol som, &c.) Nov. 29,7-+5 p.m., Town lIall, Te wcast le (Lecture by Dr. II atto n).

----:0:

m::1)e ~ortf) Q:Bastern JaaiItuo!l .anll tI)e ~t. 3JolJn ~m!lUlalU:e ~ssortattOn+ FOR a considerable time the members of the St. John Ambulance Association on the orth Eastern Railway have felt that a ll was not being done that might be by the men to further thIS valuable work on the North Eastern Railway system . The O'eneral experience was that men would pass one, two, ~r three examin~tions, and then fall away altogether, very few .attendll1g the monthly meetings; and thus, for wan t of regular practice , forgettIng what they had already learn ed. .. With a view to getting men of all grades to tak~ more IIlterest III the work a meeting of representatives from all dlStflCtS was held on Sunday, June 9, at York (when 109 ambulance men attended), ~~d it was unanimously decided to orgalll se the North Easteln RaJ!way Classes. After severa l meetings a nd con fere nces, ~t some of whIch we had the assistance and guidance of vV.aynman DIxon, Esq:, .Secretary, M idd lesbro' Centre and Surcreon-MaJor Hutton, Orgamsll1g Commissioner, St. John 'Ambulanc~ Association, we l:,a ve so far succeeded as to federate the classes under the title of The N.or~h *ast~rn Railway Centre of the St. John Ambulan ce AssocIatIOn,. WIth G . G. Gibb, Esq., as president; Mr. F. Plen ty (York). ChaIrman; and Mr. T. W. Smith (Forth Station, N e wcastle), General ~ecretary. It is earnestly hoped that by this movement there 'wdl soon be an effic:ent service of "first aid " men over the whole of the T orth Eastern Railway system.

FIRST

~t. ~ofJn ~ mflulan(e ~»»ociation. TOYN BEE HALL.-On Tovember 5th, th e fir st of a ser ies of ambulance soc als, will be held at Toynbee TI ali for ambulance workers and friends. On December 3rd a distribution of medallions :lnd certifica tes will take place, followed by a gathering in the Toynbee Drawing Room . ACCRr:.'-lGTO N.- The Mayor (Ald. IIa ywood) presented medallions and cel'tifica e ; to the successfu l members 0' this Corps on the 2nd inst. Twelve melalli ons a n 1 13 ce rtifi ca tes. EAST\\'OOD.-On October 8th, the distribution of certificates to the successful cand id ates was maue by Lady Maud Rolles'o I. There were 5 first aid, 22 re-e xaminations, anu 7 medallions. [PSWICK CE:--ITRE.-\Volk has begun again in the Tech nical Classes under the School Board. There are four classes, two fir st-aid and two nursing. A nursing class for men is being tried, and with evel Y prospect of success. AbJut eighty students are being in ;tructeu. LEICEST ER. -At the f\ n n ualM eeti ng o f the Leicester Branch helu on October 21 sl. in the Tern pel'ance lI a II, under th e pre i lency of the Mayor (Alu. G. Green), the report of the Committee was read and an address wa s given by the Right Hon. Viscount KI u ~sford. Theattendance, in sp ite of steady rain, was a full one, and great intere::t was shown in the exhibition of practi cal ambulance work. Perhaps the most interesting of the performances was that which showed how an improvi seu stretcher could be made by means of some rough pieces of wood. coats, and a couple of bicycles, when a man was supposed to have broken his leg in the country. The Mayor of Leice::ter opened the proceedings by a short speech . The report for the year was then read, whi ch gave a very satisfactory account of the work and p'o;ress of the Centre. Lord Knutsford supported the adoption of the report, H e said that after reading the report, and observing h ow large a proportion of those who went up passed the examination, and a lso the extraordinary number of marks obtained by the teams which contested for the .,)hield, he thought that the praise gi ven to the Leicester Cen tre was fully deserl'ed. It was unneces5..1.ry in these days to argue upon the utility of the task in which they were engageu. One had oIly to consider the thousand accidents occurring every day in docks and mines, on railways, and in all crowded centres of industry. Our games and Sports a Iso furnished many accidents, and he observed that tha t very evening the illustrations were of acciden.ts from cycling and roller skating. He would confine himself to two observations on the work. First, that they were carrying on a work whi ch had been ca lried on through p:osperous and adverse times for more than 800 years, that lis fro m the fOJndi n!5 of the Order of . . . t. John of Jeru salem . If, then, the duration and continuance of work was a test ot the goodness of the work, that test cou ld well be applifd to ambulance wOIk, and they might all feel proud, as he did, of being a ssoc iated with an Order that had done so much good . And, secon dly, he would p )int out that the best fea.ture of the work was that it was done voluntarily. TO doubt if they were co mpelled to do t~i s work, or paid for doing it, th ey would do it just as well, but then the good merit of the work would be lost. IIis Loruship concluded by say ing that he was glad to see how large a part the women of Leicest er took in th is work, and the good report of the Nursing Di vision. Lord Knutsford having presented the :::'hield to the Fire Brigade Team, the victors for the seco nd ti!Tle , the Mayoressthen distributed the cert ifi cates, and the proceeuings were brought to a close by votes of t hank s to Lord Knutsforu , and to the Mayor ;l nd l.VLlyoress. MERTON AND \Vr :-VIBLEDO:.'-l DlvrsrON.-This di\'ision of the Metropolitan Corpo, was formed in March last, with head-quarters at the j\-11nor Club, Merton. Presiden t, John Illlles, Esq., J.P . The present membership is 17, but a very full class which is al pres_nt in progress, will undoubtedly he Ih ;! means of considerally augment ing thi s number. The members are very enthusiastic in their work, and meet for urill fortnightly. Sin ce its formation, the division ha s, through its membel's, been in st rumental in alleviating the sufferings of something lik e a dozen persons. These have been but cas ual cases, however, as th e division ha s not ven tured on the or thodox" turn-out," but arrangements are being made for the attendance of a sq uad of men on the ice, should the exigencies of the com in g winter warra nt su ch a course. The divi sion is exceedingly well officered, particularly in the case of the honorary surgeon, Dr. Hargreaves, to whose assiuuity and enthusiasm much of the success of the division is due. NOTTINGHAM. - On Wednesday evening, October 16th, the members presented Dr. Scott, Assistant Surgeon to the Eastwood C.orps and Class, with a silver mounted umbrella, in recognition of hIS services during the last Session, th ey also expressing the wish to have his services in the Clas~ shortly to be st,uted. Dr. Scott replied in very suitab le terms respecting t he welfare of the members of the Corps and Classes.

AID ,

POTTERIES C£NTRE.-On Sunday, October 20th, at 3 p.m" Dr, J, Fred. Arlidge delivered the first of a course of Ambulance Lectures to a cla ss formed of employe3 of the North Staffordshire Railway. Fortyone st uuents were regi stered Mr. L. Longbottom (Superintendent of the Locomoti \ e and Carr'age Department, i ort h Staffordshire Railway) took the chair, and p -e", :oJs to the lecture, in his address to the men, complimented the employes of the Company on the excellent results "hi ch attended the last course of lecture s. POrrERII- S - 0 n \Vednesda y,="I' ovember r 3th, there will be a distribuIi 1Il of medallions and cert ificates by the Duchess of Sutherland. The Rig:1 t Hon. Visco mt Knutsford will hke the chair, supported by n Ime 'ous local ge ltlemen . ROCHTJA LE.-On Monday evening, September 23rd. :895, Su~ erintendent W. fl g 'nm gave a lecture in the United Methodist Free Church, Bremrod. Suuject: the I-listory and Work of the St. John Ambulan ce Association. At the ci03e of the lecture a practi ca l demon st ration was given by twelve members of the Rochd:lie Ambulan ce Corps, Superintendent In gham explaining the use and object of the various methods of rendering first a id, bandages bein~ applied for any supposed injury the audience might ask for. At the close of the meeting names were given in to form a male and female class. A hearty vote of thanks wa s g iven to the lecturer and the other members of the co rps. SH EFFIELD PASSENGER STATIl):.'-I (Mlf)I.AND RATLWAY).-A somewhat lengthy programme was gil'en on \Vednesday e"ening, OctOber 16th, ill the .Nether Chapel Schoolroom, Norfol k ctreet, by members and fri ends of the ambu!a nce corps. [n the temporary absence of Ald. B. Langley, M.P. , the chair was ab ly taken by :\1r. H. L. Wheen, the station-master. Ald. Langley, arriving later, gave an excellent speech, dwelling upon the objects of the work. Members of the corps went through severa l exerciges as example; of ambulance work. During the evening Mr s. Langley presented to Dr. Rhodes, of Highfield5, "n oak ink sta nd , su itably in scribed, in recognition of the manner iu which he had conducted the class, and a puroe of sil ver to the secretary, C. Gregory, bOlh of which were suitably acknowledged. Bronze medallions for the third examination w~re handed to two members, and certificates for the first examination to 36 members.-On Sunday, October 20th, a meeting of the Ambulance Class was held, when it was resolved to form a regula r corps, and the following officers were elected :-President, Ald. B. Langley, M. P.; Vice President, H. L. Wheen, Station-master; Treasurer, C. Goodwin; Committee, .Yle5srs. Johnson, Cooke, Allan, Scott, Ravenhill, W. Elliot, G. Ellis, Captains, T. Johnson and W. Elliott; Vice Captains, J. Crampton and E. H oddinott; Secretary, G. Webb; Vi ce Secretary, G, Lee .

---;0:---BOITES A SECOURS -A correspondent (0 a daily contemporary writes: A cu rious in cident occun ej during my journey from Dijon to P.u is on the Paris and Marse illes lin e. Soon after passing Fontainebleau, we were all stanleu by the a larm bell being rung, whereupon the train was slow ly brought to a standstill, was" stoppe," to use a past participle of th e last Anglo-French \·erb . On inquiry we learned that "some one wa s indi sposed," and on reaching C ourt-Ia- Ville, th e next station, the train, an express, was again" stop pe," and the medicine chest of the station brought out. \Ve did not discover that it was a matter of life or death; anyhow, the cause of the upset continued his or her journey after being ministered to from the" boite a secours," which is, it seems, a n in£titulion on French railway;;. Hitherto I have always travelled with a few simple remed ies in my bag-brandy, sal volatile, chlorodyne, and the like-but I p resume suc h is not the cll~tom in France. 1 remember the late J\lr. Hamerton telling me that as he suffered from palpitation of the heart he always travelled by slow trains, so that in case of necessity he could get out and discontinue his journey. But perhaps he did not know that under Stich circumstances he might make use of the alarm bell. I mention this incident so that future travellers may not be too much alarmed at the ind iscribab le noise of the bell in France.

A"IB ULA:--ICE COMPETITION AT SKTPTON.-The third a nnua l competition in connec tion with the Midland Railway Ambulance Corps took place yesterday on the platform at Skipton Station, before many s::ectators. The test gone through by the competinO' teams, whi ch included sections from :::.kipton, Leeds, Shipley, a nd Keighley, consisted of answers to verbal quest ions, bandaging, artificial respiration, first aid to the injured, folding bandages, &c. Dr. E. West Symes, of H alifa x, acted as judge, and he wa s ably assisted Ly Dr. Brown, of Bradford, the result being that Skipton won the cup and silver medals. At the w nclusion of the competition Mr. C. P. Charlesworth, who presided. presented the cup and the silver meda ls to the winning team. Votes of thanks were accordeu to the judges and th e chairman.

F I RST

.=-t. 1;obn ~ mbtllilnc£ JSrigabe.

l\1ETROPOLITA~

CORPS. NORTH LO);DO~ RAILWAY AMBUL"~ 'CE CLARSEs.-The._e were re.commenced for the season on \Vennesnl'lY, the 23rd inst., and are held in the large room, Plaistow Platform, Bow Station . . The Lectmes will take place at ~ o'clock each evelllllg on the following elates: No. 1 Shift. OcLober 30th, Jo\'e~lber 1:3th, November 27th, December l Ith, January ht,. No.2 ShIft, October 23rd, November fith, No\"ember 20th, December 4th, December I Hth. The entrance fee is Is., and l'l1l gl'acles of men employed by the Company are indtec1 tn join the cIa ses. 1\11'. Hyrons, Bow Works, will .be hl'lppy to afford all information to Company's servants. PROVINCTAL CO R PS BUR NI.EY CORPs.-HELPING THE WEST-E:-lD DETACHMENT.-On Sunday afternoon, October 20th, in the Gospel Temperance Mission H all Bi\'en Street the choir of the Florence Street 'Wesleyan Chapel rend~red a Servi c~ of Song, entitled , ,( The Torn Bible." lUr. J P. Astin, Town Mi s· ionary, Ver.y ably .carried out the duty of the connecti\'e readings of a 10ng :ll1d interesting story. A coli ctlon was made on behalf of the 'Vest-End Detachm ent, and it is hoped that further help will still be accorded to this useful branch of a noble As£Ociation. An Ambula nce Station is much meded in their district, and subscr:ption, for this purpose will be tran kfully received by Mr. T. Higham, Treasurer, 125, West Street, Mr. J. B. Scobie, Assistant Secretary, 17, Mitchell Street, or Mr. William Atkins, Honorary Secretary, 31, Padlham Road. The above detachment was formerly known as the Padiham Road Detachment. B[ ' R:->LEY CORPS AMBULANCE CLASSEs.-The ' '''est-End Detachment comn:enced training a class of students on Thursday, October 17 th , in the Mitre Street School. Twenty-six young men attended to receive their first les30n in bandaging, &c., the first of the course of lectures being given by Dr. J. H. Rowe, Captains C. H. Hine and J. E. Pe~1 ably assisting in instructing the class. The Hon. Sec., Mr. W . Atkms, IS secretary for the cLlss. IpS\\"TCH.-The Corps is growing, and topes to be more known as time goes on. The members propo~e hav ing a tent on the ~oo tba ll ground, to be ready in case of being wanted, and as an adYertlsement for the corps. PETEltSFJELO .- The annual general meeting of the Petersfield Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigace has teen held. The hen. fecrelary (Mr. W. J. Tew ) p~esented thebal:tn ce sheet, which apFeared very satisfactory, there bemg over £4 m hand. Mr. J. Bonham Carter was unanimously reoelected president, Dr. Brownfield,. hon. surgeon of the corps, Mr. H. T ribe, superintendent, Mr. 'vV. ''''. WIll~ , first office~, and Mr. YV. Mould, junr., second officer. Mr. G. Caplan was re.appomted inspector of material, and Mr. W. J. Tew, h?n. sec. an~ treasurer. WELLlNGBOROl'G H.- This Corps held theIr annual dmner cn October 18th under the presidency of Chief Supt. 'vVoolston, an.d we see by the report (which we ha\ e not space to reproduce) t~at It pa~sed ex ceeding!y well. ,~r e congratulate them most heartily on Ih , r (fficltncy.

0:r

:0>----

£vt. jJoI)n'~ ~att ;!)tur~ing mtbislOn. THE Nursing Sisters of the above, who have already clone goed work amongst the sick poor in the neighbourh ood of their Head QUl'lrters and elsewbere, are now promoting a fllncl for the purpo e of providing a parish nurse for the .district. The p.l'lrish of St. John is admittedly one of th e poorest 111 the Metropolis, l'lnd fund s arc urgently needed to help them in the furtherance of this good work. In aclflition to this th ey 11a\'e inaugurated a weekly " Sewing Eee," with the object of making warm garments for ~h.e little ones and aged poor. In this labour of 10"l:e they.are recell'ln g sllppor~ from many ll'lrge firm s who are kindly ~·en dll1 g on. any spare cuttm.gs of cloth flannel &c., that they may have. \Vl11 other firms klUdly assist. As \v'e are going to pres we learn that the Division bas reeei ve.l a most handsome gift from Messrs. ·W b eeler & \\ ilson, the eminent Sewing Machine manufacturers, this firm havin g kindly presented them with a treadle sewing machine. v\'e are de~ir~d on behalf of the Division to publicly r ecord Lhe thanks of the SIsters for Lhis timely gift. - - - - - : 0 : -- - -

" JJlfla~~£n = J)ltlainfuaring" petition.

jfirst Qlill."

The followina has been received from II. R . H. Princess Frederica 0 f Ilanover.-" The Princess desires me to thank you ror se nding a copy of FIRST Am which Her Royal Highness has much pleasure in accepting."

JOU RNA L

Nu . 18 -VOL. II.

DEV OT E D TO AMBULANCE W'ORK.

[Entered at Stationers' Hall.]

PRICE Or E PENNY.

DECEMBER, 1895 .

- - - -:0: - - - -

<;alnbulanre ,drllneral.

Jl)r e b itie ~.

~errJ1

FU~ERAL

OF MR. RICIIARD JAMES. O~ Saturclay afternoon the funeral of Mr. Richard James, who died at hi5 residence, GO, Chestnut SLreet, on ., ues(lay, from pneH· monia, at the age of 56, took place at the L eicester C emet~ry. For the past 25 years deceased ha(l been connected WIth the gas (lepar.t. ment and e\'er since the ambulance work was startecl In Leic~ster he was an active member of that branch of the association. Last veal' he \\'as superinten(lent of the gas dirision ambulance, an(l contill1le(1 his ;;ervi ces this year as a;;sistant superintenden t. His la bours in t hi s nirection were noL confine(l to the imme(lia te ;;phere of bis work, bLlL he largely helpe(l in forming amblliance cla,;"es in various \"illages a nd town s in the C~UJl t)·. The. funeral W<1S atten(led by Mr. Buckley, ChIef Bnpenntellclent, LeICester corp~. Ambula nc e'Brigade, Mr. f K Roper, trnnsport slllJerintenrl ellt, and nearly:10 members of the Gas Department Amlmlance Dhi;;iotl, Superintendent Ely, and a number of vther frie\l(k Th e :-,taff of the deparlment was representecl by 11r. E. Caillanl, 1\11'. E. W. Frost, l\Ir. C. '1'. Hobson, Mr. W. Pingriff, fr. Taylor, Mr. Aspell, and :Mr. W. S. Lo\·ell. Wreath were ~ent from the engineer an(l ;;taft of t1 e Gas l'lnc1 Elec tric Li ght in g Department, lhe ambulance c1i\'isic,1l connected with the department, a bancls0me floral cross from the Syston Ambulance Divi::;iol1, l'lncl from relatives and fr~e\1(b . . The senice in the Cemetery Chapel and at the grme was Illlpre";';l\cl.y conducted by the Rev. Boot, of the Aylestone Hoa(~ Wesleyan Chapel, where clecea'se(l was a regull'lr attenrll'lnt for many ye~lrs. Thb is the first ambulance funeral eyer held in L eicester.

- - - -:0:- - - FrR~T AID TO ANIMALs.-In the park under my charge are numerous sheep and lambs, and through fighting or some other caus~, one of the lambs had one of his horn s knocked nearly off I had It caught, and found it bleeding very fast and suffering great agony, as tbe horn (about 21 inches long) only bung by a piece of ski n. With the help of one of my men I washed its face and stopped the bleeding, and, placing the horn in position, I ap plied ant iseptic dressing and strapped and bandaged the horn on. I looked at it again in eight days time and found it nicely healed, and now it is for anyone to see in the park with the horn properly grown.-T SHACKLEFORIJ, Park Constable, Palmer Park, Reading.

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS Will be paid to the Representatives of the purchaser of FIRST A ID in case of death as provided below, by Th e S ic kn ess an d A cci· d e nt Assura n ce Asso c i ation, L I d . Beau Office :-2+, YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH. London Office :-64, MOORGATE STREET, LONDON E .C. To whom notice of Claims under the following con· ditions ~ust be sent WITHIN THREE DAYS. Appli c able to P ass e ng e r T r a i ns in Gre a t Britai n & Ire l a nd. ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by the above In surance Company to the Legal representatives of any person killed by an accident to lhe tra in in which the deceased was an ordinary passenger, or wh o shall have been fatally injured thereby, should death result within 24 hours after such accident. Provid e d that at the time of such acci· dent the person so killed or fatally injured was the owner of F I RS T AID for the current month, containing thi s Coupon legi bly sign ed with his or her usual signature in ink or pencil, both lime and signature being of the essence of the contract.

£1 0D

SigJlatu1~e ... ....... .......... .......... .,............................................................ _........................ .

~om =

THE competition for the Massey.Main\Var~ng Ch.al1~nge Cup resulted in a vicLory for the Great Northern RaIlway cllvlslon, uncler Supt. Painter. Oxford. House, uncler SU'p~. Boddy, b~ing second, and North London Hl'l11way uncleI' Hafi'·t::;ergeant MIlburn belllg third. Surgeon·Capt. O'Callaghan, A.M .. , Adjutant Y.M.I:i.C., kindly undertook the duty of judging, and there is every reason to believe that his decision gave entire satisfaction.

FIRST AID •

[November, 1895 .

A rD .

Address

...................................................................................

This Insurance is limited to one Coupon to each holder, and is not invalidated by any I nsurance with thi.s.or any other Accident ,Company. It is subject to the oru1l1ary con?ll1?ns of the AssoclatlOn s ~cclden.t Policies, and is in force from mldl11ght, 1st November, 189), until midnight, 1st December, 1895 .

Printed for the P r opnetors by W. J . GOODlI , 81l, Clerkenwell HOi\d, i\nd pulllishbu uy ALAN 1'AL~ll!. ll and R~ED, at 11. Ludgale Hill. E·I'.

)$uilbing. 1.

As the particular season of the year i s now coming round

Fons et Origo Malis.

at which good wi::;hes are exchanged, and people give them-

Ilow HAS IT ALL CO:\IE ABOUT ?

selves up to enjoyment of various kinds, we hope that all OUl' rea,ders will pend a happy Christmas, and enter on the New Year with r enewed vigour, and with a prospect of better luck if possible.

Boxing Day brings its pleasures

which we trust will terminate without any ambulance assi::;tance being required .

'* ~*

WE ha,ve lately noticed the names of two distinguished perSOll:-l who hn,,"e been helping on in a large measure the fm·th en1,llce of l1,mbuJa.nce ·work-we l'efer to the Duchess of Bedfonl and Lord Knutsford. We know that Her Grace is very much intere'ted in the movement and possesses c81tifiea.tes showing heI' thorough acquaintance with the ::;llbjed. L ord Knutsford also has shown great energy since hi appointment as Directol' of the Ambubnce Department of the On1er of St. John, and i t is most gratifying to see that one who holds such a high position under Government is able to find the necessary time to devote to this work.

*** LORD MAYOR'S DAY once more gave the St. John Ambulance BrigiLd e an opportunity of bringing forth its l'esom'ces and showing what it is capable of doing when called upon. It Wt1,S thought that there would be a large crowd on account of the 9th falling on a Saturday, and we certainly think thn,t there was a larger conCOtu'se of people than h as been seen fOl' many years. Some forty or fifty accidents were attended to, and it spen,ks well for the training n,nd discipline of the police that the numbel' was not increased. We fancy that in futUl'e the Bl'igade Chief will speak feelingly about accidents, and will be able to discourse eloquently concerning the sensation of being thrown off a horse. 0)(.

0)(.

*' J US'l' as we are going to press we al'e informed that the Pall jJIctll Octzette 'will shortly take up the question of n,n ambulance service fOl' London, n,nd will publish an article written by an ambulance surgeon. We sincerely hope that it will lead to some discussion and cause the attention of the public to bec1rawn to the mn,tter. It will be in the recollection of many of our reader that the above-named Jourl1n.l raised the question some two or three years ago, but it was closed by the late Secretary of the Order of St . John, (M1' Easterbl'ook) who said that there was a scheme in contemplation which would be shortly brought forward. We do not anticipate that there will be any difficulty in devising a scheme, the d ifficulty will be in finding the money; but this ought to be got over when we consider that the Fire Brigade costs about £150,000 a year to maintain. Surely a few thousands can be obtained fo1' an efficient ambulance service,

In the days when the poet sang so cheerily of "The Homes of 1ferrie En~land, How beautiful are they! " Jerry Building had not reared its viperous head amongst us to blister the fair bosom of the earth. The words and tune would reqUIre much altering nowadays to meet the facts as t~ey exist, for,. venly, ~ve are passing through a parlous time of seed-sowlI1g from whlcb a hideous harvest must be reaped. Just take a turn round about the suburbs of any large town-Lo~don to wit-and notice the new localities that are springing up mto existence and growing with fungus ·like rapidity into form}dable to\,:ns. A dozen might be named off hand! Only a few years smce the sites selected for jerry building were probably verdant pastures. .. " Mete homesteads for the cuckoo and the thrush. They are homesteads for" cuckoos" of another descri ption r:~w, and the "thrush" or some other indication of a disordered condltlOn of the body, will assuredly follow the occupation in due course . THE LAND is the first consideration, and it is interesti ng to note how. the lordly owners of such fair domains have been led to hand over theIr beautiful belongings to the machinations of the builde~ . . " In the first place the prevalence of "agncultural del?resslOn has materially lowered the returnable ·n lue of laRd; and, 111 the second place whilst the expenses of the "proud owner" ~ave not decreased, tbe income from h is property bas. In these straIts he consults the "family solicitor," and-up goes the curtain on our play!

>I'

In justice to the" family solicitor," as a race, it must ?e admitted that they are not all constituted alike. Some would adVi se 0r:e way out of the d ifficulty, and some another; but preference would be gIven to the lawyer who promises to multiply the value of the land one lwndred times, and keep it in the family all the same. "Le"lve it to me," says the solicitor, and the proud but encumbered proprietor leaves it. In less than two twos the beautiful face of the areen earth where stifled townsfolk haye hitherto delighted to shake ~ff their d~st and smoke, breaks out with an eruption of posts and boards, upon the face of the latter being the bait-like announcement:THIS ELIGIBLE BU ILDING LAND TO LET, and then follows the music of the syren : "ADVANCES MADE TO (RESPONSIBLE' BUILDERS. >I'

Sometimes the proprietor sells right out to an existing" Society," or the solicitor creates a society for himself perhaps, making the proprietor one of his nominal Directors-there are some pretty pickings to be made out ot that !-or, the proprietor may take a hand in the game. I t is one and the same thing, the land is to be cut up into building plots, and that is where our story begins, and the responsibility of the land proprietor ends. The rest is all fat for the parties concerned, excepting the jerry builder, who must be exceptionally keen ifhe can make anymore than a living for his labour, and p erhaps not even that. Advertisements appear in various papers and T HE RESPONSrBLE BUILDER replies. The solicitor has to deal with a selection, and naturally selects the least responsible he can find. 'Ve must here make the acquaintance of another individual who has" joined the Syndicate," so to speak, and acts as the estate surveyor. He introduces" respon sible" builders quite as fast as they are wanted. Indeed, it is to this gentleman and through his in troduction that responsible builders are offered "exceptional" tf'rms. ADVANCES ARE "lADE to responsible bu ilders-that is to say, bu ilders who have a few pounds put by, and are not over and above scrupulous as to the execution of ·their work. Advances are made in such a manner tha.t no money passes into the builder's hands until the roof is on, and then he only draws a part. Meantime, timber, cement, brick and other merchants have bee n running up accounts with the backed-up builder, for which, by a re-

December, 1895.J

FIRST

markable course of events, the surveyor finds himself responsible! Of this, anon! Up to the time of signing his deed, the solicitor, assisted by the surveyor, is the builder's tempting friend. H e points out how by a judicious expenditure of the small "wealth" he has accumulated he can make a large profit on e\'ery h')use he builds, and the small-way builder bites the bait. He is to receive an advance for every hou se as soon as the roof is on, and the surveyor promises, if need be, intermediary help. FEES! FEES!! FEES!!! From the beginning to the end of the business, the builder is swamped with fees. Every turn he takes, and whichever way that turn may be, there is a hand held out for a fee. Smart builders who have" been there before," are up to these little customs and pay only those that are legitimately due j but there are some builders, it is to be feared, who submit to the fleecing with humble hearts, and try to get it back out of the buildingwhich they sometimes do! The" accepted" builder, introduced by the surveyor perhaps, no fee being taken for the introduction you will suppose, SIGNS AN AGREEMENT OR " CONTRACT" (at his own expense), and this contract usually applies in the first instance to one or two houses only, so that the solicitor on behalf of the estate may have an opportunity of judging of the builder's quality. If he turns out to be a " smart" man and understands his business, erecting houses with handsome exteriors and internal finish together with all modern improvements, and no ridiculous scruples as to the nature of the carcases, "rotten" or otherwise-well, he is permitted to extend his contracts, if he is foolish or unscrupulous enough to do it, and so the good work goes on. The contract signed by the builder, not unusually binds him to undertake what it is almost impossible for him to perform. He is therein prohibited from digging sand, ballast, clay, &c. (we are quoting from a contract before us), except such as may be required for the building. The building is to be insured in an "approved" officethere is a tale attached to this provision of which you shall hear byand-bye I-he is saddled with the cost of " making and maintaining" roads, laying drains, &c., and in every act he must satisfy the claims and demands of the local authorities. FIGURE THIS OUT for yourselves. Fees for introduction (if any!), fees for consultation, fees for contract, fees for surveyor, fees for" local authorities," and other fees here and there. Material on credit (a costly system), fees for advances, fees for" accommodations," drains to lay, ground rent to pay from the time of signing contract, road to make and maintain, &c., &c., &c., until it becomes painfully evident that the case of the contractor is pitiable indeed, unless he be one of the jerriest of jerry buildersand probably even then. There are cases, of course, where the builder does not require advances with the assistance or connivance of the surveyor. He commands sufficient capital to pay for his material as he buys it. He has enough available cash also to pay the men their wages. He may not require the main" advance" offered to responsible builders. We will add to this list of "may's" that he may be accepted to contract j but, the odds are many to one against him, unless he submits to the payment of fees as provided, whether he requires the obligation or not. '

The builder having signed the contract sets to work at once, for the ground rent starts with the signing. There are cases, it is said, in which an exception is made in this particular, but we have not met one yet. So let the builder work with all haste, and in the next issue we will be with him again, watching the efforts he uses to make something for himself out of a close contract, and these" efforts" we intend to disclose. (To be contin71ecl.)

- - ---:0:- - -

V olunteer

~ mb ul an ce

citDooI

)1n~tru(tion. LIEUTENANT-GENERAL G. H. Moncrieff will present the prizes of the School at 7.30 p.m. at the Banqueting Hall, Crosby Hall, E.C. on Saturday, December 7th. Among those who have accepted the invitation of the Staff to be present are Brigadier-General W. H. Gatacre, D.S.O., recently commanding the third brigade of The Chitral Expeditionary Force, Captain Sir Alfred Jephson, R.N., Secretary-General of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and Colonel Sir Herbert Perrott, Secretary of the Order. Past and present members of the School can obtain tickets for the distribution and concert by making early application to Mr. C. J. Downer Fairfield, Willesden Park, N.W. ' We are asked to state that owing to want of room, the Hon. Secs. are unable to issue any more tickets for the concert and distribution of prizes of the Volunteer Ambulance School of Instruction, which will take place at Crosby Hall, on December 7th . .n

FIRST A I D.

~l11bttlallft 1lBenlo11stl'ation at ~tokt.

~[December, 1895.

A I D. 1Railwa~

Hmbulance.

GREAT EASTERN RATLWAY.-Last month a concert and ambulance demonstration were given, under the auspices of the Palace Gates (Wood Green) section of the above corps, in the St. Mark's Church Hall, Noel Park, Wood Green. Mr. H. G. Drury (assistant superintendent of the Great Eastern Railway) occupied the chair; and was £upported by Dr. Connolly, the lecturer to the Palace Gates class; Sergeant-Instructor Walker, of the St. John Ambulance Brigade j Guard Bonnett, and others. In the course of. an interesting address, the chairman said classes held in connection WIth the St. John Ambulance Association were the means of impar ting to a large number of persons the knowledge of how to rend er firstaid in cases of accident. ] t was computed that 2,000,000 accidents occurred allnually in this country, exclusive of accidents to children, and that in London something like 25 0 people were killed in the streets, and some 3,000 inj ured, every year. NothinO' more forcible than those figures was neces sary to show how desirable it was to be able to rend er aid when an accident oCCUlTed. CominO' more closely home, whilst, no doubt, an enormous number of accidents happened on the Railway, it was gratifying to find from the Board of Trade Returns that accidents upon Railways were a decrea sing quantity. This was perhaps due partly to the numerotts appliances that had in recent years been brought into operation with the ohject of minimisinO' the risk incurred b y passengers who travelled, and by the staff ~vho were employed in the wo rk ing of the lines. It was probably altogether Utopian to expect that accidents would c.ease altogether. Accidents had always happened, and would contlllu e to happen, especially in connection with great manufacturing and other industries ' all they could do was to endeavour to lessen the risk of aCCidents', and at the same time provide for their treatment when they did occur. Accepting these facts, in the year 1877 the Sl. John Ambulance Association was started, and since that time about 300000 certificates have been awarded, whils t la st year alone no less tha~ 29,000 persons were examined and certified by the Associafio~. These were very large num bers, but tht!re was room for tbelr extension, especially on such undertakings as railways. The directors of the Great Eastern Railway we re very proud of the warm manner in which men in all grades of the service had taken up the question of renderi ng first aid. Scattered up and down the system, the Great Eastern C?mpany had som~thin~ over 1,000 men qualifieJ, ill the event of acclde~t, to ren.der Il1telllg~nt help. For want of such assistance many SImple aCCIdents had In the past been converted into very serious ones-only too often by the clu msiness with which they had bee n treated by persons who, out of purest kindness harl endeavoured to render assistance. It was highly creditabl~ to find that the men were devoting their leisure time to so useful a study. The alleviation of pain and distress was a work of mercy; and mercy was twice blessed, for it blessed both the giver and the receiver. In conclu sion , he expres sed the hope that what they would see in the course of the dernonstratio.n would act as an incenti ve to them to promote thiS good work 111 every way they possibly could. An interesti ng demonstratio~ was then gone throug~, showing how first aid shou ld be rendered 111 the case of such accIdents as broken ribs, injured thighs, bleeding from varicose vein s, arterial bleeding from the arm, insensi bi lity from immersion in water, cut throat, &c., &c. The demonstration was followed with marked interest by the large audience present, and subsequently Mr. Drury presented the certifi~ate~ gained by t~e mem bers of the Palace Gales class at the last exam1l1atlOn. In the mterval; between the speeches and the demonstration a first-rate concert was given, and tte proceedings concluded with the National Anthem. NORTH EASTERN RAILWAYCENTRE.-Newca stle District Council.Meetings in connection with this Centre have be~n held at Tyne Dock Central Station Newcastle, and Morpeth, dunng the last week, all address :::d by Sur'geon-Major Hutton, Organising Commission er, St. John Ambulance Association, the object being the formation of new classes. Surgeon-Major Hutton said he was .glad to say that the directors and officials of the North Eastern RaIlway Company had always given him their heartiest support. He wa s glad to see that after five years' experience the Company were able to take a neW departure. They 1l3.d for~ed a North Ea.stern R.ailway Centre of t~e Association, and were g01l1g to make mstructlOn free to all theIr servants, and he hoped by this means ambulance work would be largely promoted.

--------- :0:-------CAN THIS BE TRUE ?-1 learn to-day of the death of an unfortunate man who last week, was injured in stopping some omnibus horses in the neighbourhood of Ladbroke Grove. Close to where the accident occurred is the fire station, where free ambulance can be obtained. Yet although the man had both legs broken and had received other injuries ~nd was bleeding profusely, they bundled him into a cab and drove headlong to St. Mary's hospital. . He lived till I o'clock the same night.- GEORGE PEARCE, Holborn Viaduct.

A CHAT ABO UT THE MICROBE SCARE: ITS ORIGIN, PREVALENCE, A:-ID ERRORS. " Come let us reason together." rn ~he days of festive youth a song was familiar to our ears which took Its name from the mysterious" Will o' the Wisp." Some of the lines are, " I'm here, I'm there, I'm everywhere, Vlho tries to catch me catches but air,"-and again, "I laugh at their folly and pain." If these wor~s are sUIta?le to the description of the vagaries of a ny other class of eXlstence beslde~ the. memorable lack 0' Lanterns, then, surely they apply to the mystic mIcrobe. He s here, he's there, he's ev{ryw~ere, and tbose who try to get ~old of him are not always rewarded WIth success j that he laughs at theIr folly and pain goes without saying. WHO CREATI:.D THE SCAHE? To the microscopical researches of Pasteur we are indebted for much that we know of microbes, figured before us as Bacteria or Bacilli. In a me~sure he opened up for our investigation a new world which other chemIsts have .not been s~ow to purs~le. 'Nhether to their own personal profit or not IS a questIOn for theIr own consideration' how far they have profited is a matter for public opinion. ' As far as the popular mind can understand the existence of microbes or minute organisms, has been discovered. ' To them are attributed function~ which are, in all probability, sufficiently accurate. How does tbe publIc health benefit so far? You may know the cholera microbe (for example) when you see it, but where does it come from how did it get there, and how are you going to prevent it from ge tting there next time? Can we annihilate it altogether? MICROBES AND THEIR F UNCTIONS are not generally understo<?d. The scientific investigator knows that certam mIcrobIC conformatIon are to be found where certai n functions are. being performed, an.d it .is n?t, therefo re, a stretch of fancy to belIeve that the se cer tam mIcrobiC conformations are in some sort connected and associated with the function that is being carried on . they may be. the cause, or they may be the result, perhaps both, but does that brIng us any nearer to the solving of the problems most important to public health? 'W here do they come from, how do they get there? Can we preve~t. them getting there next time, and lastly, but not leastly, can we anlllhIlate those that are injurious to health? MICROBES AS A RACE. Pass!ng. fr om . the infinitely great to the infinitely small the enthus.lastlc sClelltIst gropes about in v:ain for" limitations." He gazes away mto space. and asks the questIOn, "Where does it end?" He endeavours to understand that space has no limitation whatever and l ose~ ~i s ,Power of reason in the effort. He gazes, mute with wond~r, at the dhmnable space beyond the farthest star, and, if he be wi se returns to the earth in post haste. ' He can lose him self in the earth alone! The power of the telescope reveals planet, suns, and stars to our view th at were unkn own before, and every increase in the power of the telescope reveals more. As yea~ by year, by the inventive gen iu s of man, the power of. the telescope IS lllcreased, so also is the power of the mIcroscope, With the result that minute organisms are revealed to us of whose existence we were previously unaware. Who shall say th~n where the race of microbes end? ' , That the race of microbes has a limitation we have reason to believe because there is an undoubted limitation to organic greatness. W~ hear of monste rs of the deep, but e\'en these have limitations' therefor~ we should b~ qui~e ~ustifie? up~n l o~ical grounds, in expre'ssing a belIef that there IS a lImit to mIcrobiC eXi stence. But the question is have we found that limit yet? " Pasteur awoke our interest to the existence of microbes and their p~seible functions j but, there ~re probably existing many tribes of mIcrobes so small that the mIcroscope has not yet been produced strong enough to reveal them. Th ey would have their functions just the same! ('1'0 be continued.)

----:0:--------

iIDrtIl ~rb er~. VOLUNTEER AMBULA. TCE SCHOOL OF INSTRUCTION. President.-MAJOR Al'<DREW MA CLU RE, late L.S.R.V. Ojjicos.-7, St. Benet Place, Gracechurch Street, E.C. ORDERS.-Saturday, December 7th, distribution of prizes by Lieut.Gcneral G. H. Moncrieff' at Crosby Hall at 7.30 p.m. Monday D~cember 9th, Official Inspection and Examination, parade at 7.30 p.m~ drIll order. By Order, B . F. STOKES, Surgeon-Major, A.M.R., November 26th, 1895. Senior Medical Office Instructor.

THERE was a crowded and enthusiastic meeting in connection with the ambulance movement at the Town Hall, Stoke, on 13th November, when the Right Hon. Vi scount Knutsford, G.C.M.G., Director-General of the Ambulance Department of the Order of St. J oh n, presided, and was supported by tbe Duchess of Sutherland, who had consented to di stribute the certificates gained by students of the Potteries Centre, the Mayor and Mayoress of Stoke (Alderman J. and Mrs. Birks), Mr. W. Woodall, M.P., Mr. D. H. Coghill, M.P., and Mrs. Coghill, Mr. S. Malkin Copeland (hon. sec.), Mr. Nicholson, Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Isaacs, Mr. H. E. Mitcbeson, &c. The Chairman said that a great merit of the movement was that it was honorary. Like mercy, it was in its action" twice blessed," and it had survived the opposition and the good-natured chaff which it had had to contend against. He was glad to see the work extending, not only in this country but in the Colonies, and he was ~ratified to see that in that district it was so well recognised by the police and railway officials. (Applau se.) The distribution ceremony which followed was an exceptionally interesting one. The recipients were of both sexes and of various grades of society. As they ascended the platform to receive the medallions and ct!rtificates at the hands of the Duchess of Sutherland they were cordially greeted, policemen and railway guards and porters in uniform bein g specially marked out for applause. Mr. Coghill, l\I.P., proposed a vote of thanks to her Grace for distributing the prizes, and said that they in the Potteries were deeply grateful to her for the kindness and promptness in responding to the various calls made upon her to take part in public duties. The Mayor seconded the motion, which was carried with warm applause, and was renewed when the Duchess rose to acknowledge the vote. Her Grace said she assured them that they were doing her an honour in asking her to take so prominent a part on such an interesting occasion . The only thing she objected to, and which had rather depressed her, was that she had been put up there as a beggar. (Laugh ter.) She knew, however, that there was so much generosity shown in connection 'with the St. John Ambulance Association in the Potteries that she did not think she was pleadinljL in vain were she to ask for a little more generosity of another kind. 1 hey had to acknowledge the generosity of the doctors who h ad given their services free, and of others who had taken a gratuitous inte rest in the work j but, as the audience would understand, it was necessary to have some little expenditure, and it would be a shame if a great work like that should be put in difficulties, even for a day, with regard to money. (Hear, hear.) There was at present a deficit of £ 40, 'which she hoped would be cleared by the collectiGn which was about to be made. She was also asked to plead for small annual subscriptions to an amount which would put the hearts of the Committee completely at rest. She hoped the meeting would do this, and remarked, in conclusion, " many than ks for thanking me." (Applause.) A hi ghly interesting demonstration of ambulance work was then given on the platform by a number of the students undcr the direction of Dr. J. F. Arlid~e. On the motion of the Rev. I. C. R. Scott, seconded by the Rector of Stoke, a cordial vote of thanks was passed to the Chairman. In responding, Lord Knutsford complimented those who had taken part in the ambulance demonstration upon their work, and said he should be pleased to report favourably upon it. He was glad to see so many women taking up the work, and strongly supported the appeal that had been put before the meeting and the district for a regular support, which could be made up of trifling amounts, to the funds of the Association. The collection, it was announced, had realised £13, and it was stated that the Duke and Duchess of Satherland had prom ised an annual subscription of £5·

~oouetn

----:0:

for l1nbalti)~ ani) tDe cii(U.

To continue the Fowl story. Cut off the drumsticks and put them on one side. Chop up the carcase and put it into a stewpan, with two cloves, a little salt, a round slice of an onion, some parsley, and enough water to cover it j stew gently with tbe cover on for an hour and a half, then take out the iowl and cut off all the flesh on the bones, putting the bones back into the pan. If you have the liver, feet, neck, and crop, you can put them into the pan also, together with some scraps of pork or bacon; add more water, stew for another hour, and then strain off some of the stock, say half a pint, and put it into a pan j thicken with flour and butter, and as soon as all is ready, put in the finely minced meat, give a warm up and serve it. The liver should be pounded in a mortar until it is a paste, adding a little butter to make the paste soft, and some finely ground allspice, salt and pepper. This can be made into a very fine paste for bread and butter. Remove the bones fl om the drumsticks, and have ready some finely chopped ham to put in the holes the bones came out of; put these into a basin and lay a plate on top; put the basin containing the drumsticks into the oven, and in two or three hours' time you will have a couple of bits that will be both tender and tasty. Powdered mushrooms add to the quality.

FIRsrr

IMPORTANT NOTICE. We beg to give notice that this Journal w 11 in future be published on the 1st of the month. In order to meet the requirements of the trade, it must be actually published by the 25th or 26th, so we must ask all our correspondents to send in their contributions by the 22nd a t the latest. TO ADVERTISERS. As no paper at the present day can exist without Advertisements, we beg to draw the attention of Advertisers to this Journal. It has been in existence for 18 months, nas a steadily increasing Circulation, and is the only Journal of its kind Circulating amongst firstaiders in all parts of the world, and is read by thousands every month. These ar~ facts worlh knowing and digesting.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR 12 months, IS. 6d., post free, to be sent to the Publishers, Alan Palmer & Reed, 11, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. TELEGRAPHfC ADDRESS-" ARTERY, LONDON."

FIRST AID DECEllfBER 1, 1895.

ON the 9 th oflast month, Lord Mayor's day, the members of the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade turned out for ambulance duty in the streets of London, thus carrying out in a practical manner, the motto of the Order of St. J ohn , "p?·outilitatehorninurn." We are informed that 130 men, 30 nurses and 7 surgeons volunteered for this special duty, and we must congratulate the Commissioner of the Brigade, Col. Thackeray, on his being ' able to get together such a large number to undertake this particular service. It was unfortunate that the first case to be attended to was that of the Brigade Chief Superintendent Brasier, whose horse stumbled and threw him, rendering him temporarily unfit for duty, but we are glad to hear that he has now completely recovered . It was peculiarly pleasant for us to see the smart and efficient manner in which the cases were attended to on that day, and also the fearlessness with which the nursing sisters faced the London crowd. Londoners by this time have got accustomed to the sight of the Ambulance Brigade, and very good-naturedly give way, even when closely packed, for the passage of a squad and stretcher. It was gratifying to note the celerity with which severe cases were moved into the wagon and taken to the hospital, the whole process only taking a few minutes. To contrast this with the plan adopted by the police authorities only serves to bring out into a full glare the deficiencies of the present system, and ought to make our public men deliberate and wonder how long it is going to last. The term" first aid" is a "ery comprehensive one, and has a meaning attached to it somewhat broader than is generally supposed. It is understood what first aid to the injured means, and an excellent example of that is given above by the St. John Ambulance Brigade. First aid, however, can be applied to other matters, take nursing for instance-it is essential to know what ought to be done at the commencement of illness until the arrival of the doctor. We are much more often incapacitated by illness than accident, yet how little people know of the elements of first aid in nursing. Something is certainly done in this way by the instruction given in the nursing lectures of the St. John Ambulance Association, but more remains, and we will attempt to do what TRUE "FIRST AID."

A I:b.

[December, 189b.

lays in our power in order to give information on the subject. First aid in Hygiene also is a subject that the public require instruction upon. Hygiene includes the conditions of life under which we exist. It is well known that disease is propagated by living under insanitary conditions-such as, houses that are unhealthy either through faults in drainage, structure, repair, design, internal decorations, &c., and food rend ered unfit for consumption in many ways, bad drinking water, insanitary clothes, &c. Advice on first aid on many other Sl1 bjecb may also be given, showing that the whole matter is most important and covers a deal of ground, and enters into the very heart of our daily routine of life. We hope in future to have the opportunity of dealing with these matters, and thus we shall render thi s J ourl1al useful not only to purely ambulance readers, but to re:lclers of every kind who have the welfare of th emseh'es and their fellow creatures at heart. ---:o~---

~mbulan(e Mlorft on tDe QrfJ£~bir£ lLincs. AN INTERESTING CO~1l'ETITION, The annual competition in cOJ.ne<.tion with the ambulance corps at the various station s on the Cheshire Lines Railway was brought to a successful issue on Friday evening, November 22nd, in the gentlemen's first-class waiting room, Central Station, Ranelagh Street. .\11'. D, Meldrum, general manager of the Cheshire Lines Committee, presided, amoncr others presen t in the capacity of spectators, including Messrs, R, R. W~lker, Alfred Ma'nners (Huskis~on Station), Geo. i.\1a ~on , R. P owell (Brunswick) R. Ro berts J, E. Frappell, IV. Carson, E. Weston, alld E. O. Lloyd' (hon. secre~ry of the Cheshire Lines Ambulance Association). Eight ~quads, each consisting of five men, had entered for the competition, and of these the following seven put in an appearance to contest for the trophies :-Northwich, Warrington, Liverpool Central, Manchester Huskisson Chester and Birkenhead. The absentee squad . eyery case was the one"at Southport Station. The competing spua d s l.n acquitted themselves in a highly creditable manner, rendenng t~e, task of the adjudicator, Dr. C. ]. Trimble (Preston), Deputy CommIssIoner for North Lan cashire, St, John Ambulance Brigaue, by no means an easy one. In more than one instance a tie resulted, an,d the squa~s of equal merit had to be subjected to other tests outSIde the 11l11lts of the programme. After a protracted competition the result was as follows :-1, liVarrington; 2, l\1anchester; 3, Birkenhead. The prizes consisted of (I) a silver cup, value £2), and a gold medal for each member of the squad; (2) a silver cup, and an umbrella for each member of the squad' and (3) a silver cup, an d first aid ambulance cases for the members 'of the squad. The Chairman, in distributing the awards, expressed the pleasure it gave him to learn of the interest the men on the system of the Committee took in the good work of ambulance, He understood several new corps had recently been started on the sys tem, and no de u bt in due course the~ e would come up for competition. Cordial votes of thanks were passed to M L Meldrum for presiding, to Dr. Trimble for his painstaking adjudication, and to the hon . secretary of the association of corps on the system, Mr, E. 0, Lloyd, for his untiring and able efforts on behalf of the work of ambulance,

----:0:---REMARKABLE CASE OF RESUSCITATJON.-At the usual month ly meeting of the Royal Humane Society, November 16th, at Trafalgar Square, the recipients of rewards included two sisters, the '\Iisses Amelia and Alice M. Bigsby, of Clifton House, Deptford, but for whose promptitude and perseverance, two lives-those of Mrs. Epps and her infant, 15 months old, must have been lost. It appears that Mrs.Epp s plunged into the canal at Deptford on the 15t h ult., taking her child with her, and, there being no immediate help at hand, both sank. , Drags were procured, and both bodies eventually brought to bank, [aces blue and lim bs perfectly rigid. I t was the impression that both were beyond human aid, but the Misses Bigsby had them remOl'ed to their father's house, only a short distance off. Here the ladies at once set to work with a will, bringing into requisition the ,knowledge they had acquired from the SL. John Ambulance Association and Dr, Silvester's method of producing artificial respiration, with the result that, after three·quarters of an hour's treatment, the woman was successfully resuscitated, and the child in an hour and a quarter. A SWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. AMBULANCE BOY,-Your letter received. Will enquire into it. [WE are sorry to be obliged to omit some reports this month on account of want of space. Our contributors are heartily thanked.l

FIRST

:becember, 1895.] ~ur

lPortrait <BaIler~.

OIIIEF SURGEON f:)A;\I OSBORN, F,R.C.S.

HE popular Ohief Surgeon of the M etl'Opolitan COl'PH, At. John Ambulanc llrigade, 'whose P01'tl'a.it grn.ces OUl' Gallery this month, hn.s been ('Illlllected with the nllllmlnnce moyelllcnt sinc itR illception, a. period of nCHrly C'ightean yen r i'l . Upon the cnrolment of the ::U etl'opol itan COl'pK of tb e Bl·igade, 1\11'. OsborD, l'ecogllisillg the utility of this body, in conllection with Ambulance \Imk, Oll occ:ablolls when Im'go crowds might be expected to conglegate, at once tIll'C,\' him1:elf h em't and soul into the J1lOYement; Hnd on the l'eCOlnmenc1a.tion of 1\h, John FlU'lcy, the Director of tLe AmbulilJ]co Depc1l'tment of the Order of the IIo!';pital of St. J olm, he was appointed Chief Surgeon of the OOl'pS. In recognition of hiH wod\: dm'in[ the Jubilee celebration he WflR l'eCOlllmended fOl' n.lld received, in conjunction with 1\11-. John Furley, the Jubilee Medal. In first aiel litemtul'e a a,n author, Mr. Osb01'n takes high mnk, his Ambulance Lectmes having been tn1l1Slated into no les than five lallguages, yiz.: FI'ench, ItaJian, JapaneEe, German, and HindoKtani, and it l'eelounc1s to his cl'cdit that the dedication of the Italian and Hilldostani editions has been respectiyely accepted by our own Sovereign and H.M. the Queen of Italy, a fact of " 'hich the author ma,y f e1 jUAtly proud. He is alAo the author of a book on K Ul'sing and Hygiene, which is dedicated to H.R.H. the Duchess of Albany, and is now in its thil'd edition. Chief Sl1l'geon OsbOl'n "'n., the first meclical officel' to intl'oclllce Nursing Lectures fOl' men of the Bl'igade, the Lectmes being identical to tho e he gave at the H Cl·bert Hospital, Woolwich, while doing duty there dming the Egyptian war. It may be mentioned in fUSSing that he had volunteered for Medical SelTice with the hoops in the ca.mpaign, but, to his great regret, his l'eque t was llOt granted, owing to the In.rge number of Medical Officers belonginb to the Sel'vice who had a pI'ior claim. Mr. Osbol'n wi1l, howeyer, we have no doubt, be fonnel well to tho front in the €I-ant of a Oontil1ental Wal', when his sel" . ces will, we are sure, be gladly requisitioned by the National Aid Society. Mr. Osborn, whose residence is at Datchet, takes a warm interest in pal'ochial matters, and is a Justice of the Peace for the county. By his comtesy and afiability he ha made himself a host of friends, and- the men of his own corps swen.r by him, indeed, it is only necessary to put his name on the lecture board t() ensure a crowded house at Head Quarters. We trust that for many years he may be spared to assist and forward the work he loves so well.

A I D. j)lot£~ By "TOURNIQUET."

ANOTHER Lord Mayor's day is past and gone. I suppose that is the day of the year when the members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade thoroughly enjoy themselves. They mean to have a day's outing and they always finish up with a supper at the Gate. This time 180 sa t down including the nursi ng sisters-a record, I believe.

"""

THE genial presence of the Brigade Chief was much missed, although his pla ce was worthily filled by the new Chief, i'vIr. :\10rga n. It was a real treat to h ear" Auld Lang Syne," sung- in the Scotch fashion by Dr. Brunton. Counlry officers were present including Chief Superintendents \Vool ston, Ilayman, &c.

* *

* with its \'arious hits which scored. IVE had the topical song as usual I forget whether the following was sung :-"My portrait, I see, appears in "FIRST AID," And puts all oth ers quite in the shade."

HO:-l". SURGEON HOIYARD propos~d the nurses (not to them), in a little speech whi ch seemed to please them, and Mrs. Lines gracefully replied, IVhat did you say ? Tel,\,ous? No, she was not a bit nen'ous !

.. ..

* J a nn ounced last month, the sub\,,'rTH reference to t he competition ject will Le "F racture of the thiah with a senore wound on the outside of the calf." The answers must gin! full treatment of the \' o ~nd and the fracture. The competitors must be ambulance pupils only; and I trust to their bonour that they will not ~eek in spiratlOll from a medical ml.n. Our Editor has kindly consented to act as judge, and his decisio n must be final. The winning ans\\'er will be published in lhi~ Journal if of sufficient merit. The prize will be one of the best handbooks on ambulance work . The latest day for receiving answers is the loth January. * *

* No\\' this is a very simple competition, but it requires a little careful writi ng; neatness of expression will go a long \\a)'. I should like to see some country first·aiders try for it. --------:0--------

~t+

:1)OUIl ~ndJ1tlance ~~$odation.

BEDFORD, - The Ar.nual .\leeLing of this branch of the St. J ohn Ambulance Association was held in the Town Hall, Bed ford, on Saturday, th e 16th November. On the platform were the Duchess of Bedford (who hac! specially dri\ en over from Wo burn Abbey), the l\fayoress of Bedford, and Rev, Paul Wyatt (President and Honorary Chaplain of the Order of St. John of J erusalem), Dr . Coombs, Dr. Skelding, Colonel J osselyn, 1'lrs. Alfred Paine (Hon . Sec, of the branch), Mrs. Eleanor Carroll, l'Tr. F. Spooner (Secretary of the Technical Instru ctIO n Committee of Beds County Council), and several other ladies, A lovely bouquet of lilies of the valley was presented to the Duchess of Bedford by Ii ttle M iss Ritchie on behalf of the successful students. The ~Jayor (i\lr. F. A . Blaydes) presided, and in opening t he proceedings extended a cordial welcome to the Duchess of Bedford, who had come to present the medallions a nd certifi· cates to snccessful students of the last course of classes. The Rev. Paul Wyatt (Chaplain of Savoy), President, read the report for the past year, from which we gather thaL it was a most successfu l ~eaSOI1 ; besides the classes in the town, the Bl anch had begun ,·illage classes and these had been eagerly attended,and very satisfactory exam i nations had resu lted, The figures were-womeFl's classes, IS medallions won, 17 nursing, and 77 first aid certificates, including- 9 from Kempston and 21 from Stagsden. Men 's classes, 22 medallions (includin cr 10 of the county and 5 of the borough police); first·aid, 63 certificates, including 7 of the fire brigade, 2 borough police, 27 Midland Railway employees, 1+ men from the Queen's engineering works and I2 from Kempston. Since the establishment of the Branch in I890, there had been won 200 medallions and 852 first aid and nursing certificates. The County Council had made a small grant in aid, and given the use of the cookery school for a course of sick cookery lectures, and also for l\>lrs. Alfred Paine's bandaging classes, Inspector General Coates, who is always the examiner forBedford, had paid three visits in the course of one year, and was particularly struck wi th the smartness and efficien 'y of the r.lidland Railway class, who were taught by Dr. \Yilmer Phillips. CoL Josse lyn, Chief Constable of the County, the Treasurer of the Branch, read his report, which showed lotal receipts from all sources of £92 r6s. 8d., and a balance in hand of 13S. lId. The Duchess of Bedford then presented lhe medallion s and certificates, after whi ch Sir Herbert Perrott ga\'e a most interesting address on the origin a nd development of the Ord er of SL J ohn and of this Association, which was frequently interrupted by the hearty applause of the large audience. On its conclusion the Rev. Paul Wyatt rose and said he desired to relinquish the honouraole positi on to which he was elected more than five years ago as Presi.ic::nt of the Branch, not because of waning interest in its work, but because he felt that the Branch had

[December, 1895.

4S now reached such a stage that they could ask someone of far greater influence to occupy the post. He had been little more than a figurehead, owing to the untiring zeal and energy of their H on. Secretary, 1\1 rs. Alfred Paine, but during his presidency he had had the pleasure of seeing the work grow and prosper. Having filled the place of stopgap through its early years, he felt they could now ask one to fill the post who would do so much more worthily a nd successfully than he had don e. He therefore begged to resign into their hands the honoured position he had been proud to hold so long, and to propose th at Her Grace the Duchess of Bedford ce asked to accept the office of President. Dr. Coombs, Chairman of Committee, seconded, and said he was sure, if the Duchess accepted, it would give general satisfaction to the town and county alike. The proposi ti on was carried with hearty acclamation, and the Duchess said, "I thank you most sincerely for the honour you haye conferred on me in electing me President of the Bedford Branch of the St. John Ambulance Association, I accept the office with the greatest pleasure, and shall be happy to do my best for a society in which I take so deep an interest." This little speech was receiyed with hearty applause, which the Duchess graciously acknowledged. The Mayor then moved a very hearty and sincere Yote of thanks to the retiring President for his valuable services, remarking that Mr. ''''yatt wa s a lways found taking an active part in any movement for the good of his fellow townsmen. Dr. H. Skelding seconded, and the Rev. Paul ""Tyatt briefly acknowledged the co mpliment, and concluded by propo~ing a sim ilar yote to Sir Herbert Perrott for coming to their meeting ann for his stirring address, thi s was also heartily accorded, and a vote of thanks to the Mayor, moved by 1\1 r. \Vyatt, on behalf of the new President, brought this very successful meeting to a close. BRADFORD.-The annual meeting of the Bradford Centre of the St. J ohn Ambulance Association was held in the Mayor's Parlour at the Bradford Town H all, on November nnd. The Mayor (Alderman Willis Wo od), who is president of the centre, occupied the chair. The annual report, read by Mr. George Chippendale, hon. secretary, stated that during the past year the work of thi s centre has made steady progress. One hundred and sixty-five males have received certificates, which is an increase of 7S on the return for 1894. There is a decrease of 24 females. The committee intend during the coming winter to arouse the interest of the ladies in ambulance work, more especially in nursing. Since the formation of the centre, 970 ladies have received certificate::; for first aid or nursing, and an excellent auxiliary force might be formed in connection with the loca l corps. Miss MacMillan, a member of the Bradford School Eoard, has been elected a member of the committee. Ten ladies ,,·ere exam ined at Greenfield Chapel for fin a l re-examination, and all received medallions. A competition was held at Manningham Park on August loth, when the Bradford corps succeeded in winning the first prize (challenge shields and medals), to te competed for annually, the second prize (medal s), being aW:1.rded to a squad of men from Shipley Station. The Ma yor (Alderman Willis Wood), kindly awarded the prizes, and Dr. Crossley Wright, of H alifax , gratuitously officiated as judge. The challenge shield will be placed in the Corporation mu seu m, for 1895 and 1896. Useful work has I:een done by the members of the Bradford corps, and cases of first aid rendered have been entered in t he occurren ce book. The services of Dr. Browne ha s been recognised by electing him an honora ry life memter of the St. John Ambulance Association. The thanks of the committee are due to the Mayor for his pr om ptitude in endorsing certificates as president; also to the lecturers Drs. Althorp, Barber, Browne, Denby, Kerr, Lodge, W add ington and Henry White, for the valuable, lpainstaking,and humanitarian services rendered as gratuitous lecturers to the class. To this list mu st be included the respective class secretaries. A special feature of the year has been the energy displayed by the Chief Constable (Mr. Paul) , Mr. Firth. class secretalY, and the Watch Committee, in forming classes for the police. Eightyfive members of the force were examined and 72 passed. This result reflects great credit on Dr. S. Lod g e, jun., for imparting the knowledge which has assisted them in passing the examination. The Chief Constable hopes to have every membtr in the force qualified to render first aid in case of emergency, and the men are now undergoing a course of instruction. The Midlan d Railway men are very enthusiastic in ambulance work, but this remark does not apply to the employes connected with the Great Northern and Lanca shire and Yorkshire Rail way Companies. Hopes are, h owev er, entertained that an effort will be made to have these importa nt companies represented at the annual compe tition in 1896. The financial statement shows the receipts during the year £69 8s. 8!d ., and there was a balance in hand of £6 I 8s . gd. The Mayor said that good work had been done during the past year, as was indicated by the number of certificates, viz., 165, which had been awarded. He had been amazed at the large number he had been called upon to endorse week by week. He referred to the good services rendered by Dr. Browne and Dr. Lodge, and also by the Chief Constable (Mr. Paul), and expressed the hope that the employes of the Great Northern and Lancashire and Yorkshire R a ilway Companies would take to the ·work of the association during the year. The Mayor was re-elected presiden t of the cen tre, Dr. Gilchrist B Lrnie, chairman of committee, Dr. S. Lodge, vice-president, and Mr. George Chippenda.le, treasurer and hon. secretary, a special vote of thanks being

accorded to Mr. Chippendale for services in the past. The Mayor was presented with a photographic group taken during the competition in Manningham Park in August last. HEADLEY, HANTS.-A detached class in first aid was started on Thursday, November 7th, in this village, for males, in connection with the Institute, a grant having been offered by the Hants County C oun cil, under their technical scheme, all who present themselves for examination. The course of le::tures are being given by J. Parsons, Esq., F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. The class numbers about 30, and promises to be a success. Much interest is being taken in the instruction, which is given very lucidly. NIr. C. H. Beck is the Honorary Secretary for the class. IpSWICH.-Ahout 90 students are now going in for ambulance instructi on, two classes for men and two for ·womcn, and in each case, first aid and nursing. The men 's nursing class is a great success. The S cho ol Board last year had jun ior ambulance classes, and the students now going in for first ai d feel the benefit in having gone in first for more ele mentary in sLr ucLi on. In all these classes ten lectures are given. I\lARLow.-On 21st October, at the In stitute, Marl ow , Bucks, medalli ons and vouchers were publicly presented to the pup ils from Lhe Marlow, Bourne End, and vVooburn classes, by General Sir George Higgi nson , K.C.B., who gave a short but interesti ng address on ambulance work, and alluded to it as the most hon ourable of all volunteer corps. The genera l annual meeting of the Cen tre took place on Friday afternoon, 25th OCLober, at Ma rl ow, and was well attended. The business was simply the report, balance sheet, re·election of officers, and arrangement of work for the coming year, as owing to want of fund s no new classes have been held during the past year. Mr. T. Astley Bloxam, F.R.C.S., was again elected president. The name of Sir Francis Lak in g, M.D., was also added to the Medi cal Staff. The annual meeting in future was fixed [or October instead of Janu ary. TOYNBEE HALL.-On Tu esday, November 5th, T oynbee H all held the first of its series of Sociables for Ambulance Cla~ses and Brigade. There was a large attendance, amongst those prese nt were Canon Barnett, Drs. Dundas Grant, W. B. Jones, A. Eddows, Supts. Painter, Alley, Pontin and Winny. An address was delivered by SurgeonCaptain Dundas Grant, one of the honorary Surgeons of the di vi sion, on Ambulance W ork, and later in the evening by Mr. H. C. Thompson (war correspondent in the Chitral campaign). The rest of the evening was devoted to mu sic, &c.

~t.

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,moun ~mbulanc£ )$rinabe.

METROPOLITAN CORPS. MANOR P ARK.-The Manor Park Division of this Brigade ~ave their first concert on Monday evening, the 18th ult., at the RecreatIOn Hall, when a large audience (the Hall being quite full) were very much interested in the progra mme provided by Mr. Luther W. Hinton, the Second Officer of the Division. The Division were hono ured by the presence of Brigade Chief Superintendent Church Brasier (his first appearance sinct: his accident on Lord Mayor's Day), the Chief Superintendent Morgan and two Nursing Sisters from Head Quarters, and Mr. Ray ton, one of the Vice-Presidents of the Division. Staff-Sergeants W. Early, F. Friend, R. Reid, and Sergea nt E. Phillips (also of St. J ohn's Gate), kindly acted as Stewarcis. It would be invidi ous to distinguish between the artistes who all rendered their portion of the prog ramme in a very able manner. Superintendent T . A. Painter and his team gave an especially good di splay of ambulance WOl k considering the limited space which they had at their disposal. and the audience showed very great interest in the work. The Superintendent is to be congratulated upon the very fine team that he has got together, and seeing that his Division was last year known as "The Baby Division," the zeal and skill of his team is beyond praise for having been successful in winning the Massey-Mainwaring Challenge Cup, the competition for which was very keen. PROVINCIAL CORPS BRISTOL.-IST BRISTOL CIVILIAN CORPS.- The following officers: for the season 18; 5- 6 have been elected :-President, Dr. J. IGriffiths, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S.; Vice-President, Mr. G. H. Leonard, M.A.; Chief Superintendent, Mr. C. T. Pennington; Inspector of Stores, Mr. F. W. Brice; Secretary, Mr. S. Adams; Treasurer, Mr. F. W. Brice; Committee, Messrs. Barnes, Kidston, Gazzard, Protheroe, Styles, and Wiltshire. 1ST BRISTOL CIVILIAN CORPs.-The 4th Annual Meeting of the above Corps was held at Head Quarters, The Broad Plain House, Bristol, in October last. This Meeting was preceded by the Annual Tea, at which about 40 members of the men and women's corps sat down. After tea Mr. G. H. Leonard, on behalf of the Ladies' Corps, presented Dr. Ethel Tribe (their class lecturer, who has now left England to take a post in China) with an" Antidote Case." Dr. Tribe thanked them all for their kindness and said she wished some of them were going with her. The General Meeting of the Men's Corps was then held, the chair I:eing taken by Mr. C. B. Leonard, Vice-President of the Corps. Superintendent Pennington then gave his first annual

December, 1895.J

FIRST

report, which read as follows :-Gentlemen, in submitting the report of !ast year, r have great pleasure to ~tate that the progress of the Corps ~s well marked .. The stren~th durmg the past year has been slightly Illcreased, ShOWlIlg 40 agalllst 32. A new feature introduced and appreciated, viz., of meeting at regu lar intervals for drill has added greatiy to the efficiency of the Corps. A start ha s been made towards corps uniform, part of ou.r .men have been supplied with Brigade caps, armlets, and badges, addItIOnal havresacs, water bottles, triangular and roll~r bandage~ have been added to the stores. The following cases ha ve rec~ lve:t fi:st aId fro.m our me~bers, a nd have been conveyed either to an IllstltutlOn or theIr h omes, VIZ. :-Fractured ribs, simple, 2 ; fra ctured le~ comp<;>u!ld, I ; fractured leg" Potts," 2 ; spra ined ankle, I ; sprained WrIst,2; lIlJury to eye, I ; cut heads, 2; cut cheek 2· cut arms 2' cut hands, 7; fits, epileptic, 7 ; fits, fai nting, 4; bu rns and'sh~ck, 3 . totdl 36. In . . . ' response to mVltatlOns, ambulance demonstraLions have been given at th e Broad Plain H ouse (Head Quarters of the Corps), Bushey Park Chapel S choolroom, Totterdown, I-Jigh bury Chapel Lecture Hall Cotham. and also a very s~c('essful demonstr~ t ion (assisted by Messrs: Fry & Sons Corps) were gIven at the ZoologIcal Gard ens on II ospital Saturday, fo~ ~hich the <?orps received special thank s from the Secretary of th~ OrganIzmg <;:ommlttee. The Treasure r's Report was then read showlllg a balance III han d of 7S. S~d. It was proposed by Mr. White and ~econded by M r. Perry, that the Rep ort and Balance Sheet be adopte~ and th is was u~anim o u sly ca rried. Some new Corps Rules were laId before the MeetIng and accepted after a few alterations had been made. Mr. White proposed and Mr. Gunn seconded that a vote of thanks be :given to the retiring officers . which was carried. Mr. Leonard on behalf of the ofhcers thanked them all and said it was due to the hard work of the Superintenden t In spector a~d Assistant Secretary that the Corps had reached its present state. . IpSWICH.-This Corps now possesses a tent, and the Mayoress has gIven a fla g . The members are ready to give first aid on two football fiel~s on Saturday. One of the members of the Corps has made a capItal portab~e ambulance ~a5e, a nd all the members are working well a~d steadIly. The Nursm~ Corps had a capital le cture g iven to th em 1Il October by Dr. E~h~t?n, on food and beverages; ann in December a lecture to both DIVISIOns of the Corps wi II be gi ven on " the eyes, and how to take care of them," by Mr. Sinclair, M.B. These lectures are of great interest. LEICESTER.-AMBULANCE DISPLAY.-Th ere was a crowded audience at the ·Working Men's Club, Bond Street Leicester to witness the third annual display of the Ambula nce Di~ision in co~nection with th e club and inst.itute. ~he performers were coached by Hon. Superintendents J. L. Kmg and Z. Langham and the whole was carried out in a most satisfactory manner under the superintendence of Dr. Shearer Ho~ .. Surgeon. to the Division. T~e following were the operation ~ exhIbIted :-.tna~gular bandage and Its application, method of a rresti ng severe bleedmg m the arm and leg by the trian o-ular bandaO"e used . '" '" O" and as tournIquet; treatment of fractures and methods of liftin carrying the sick and injured on two-handed, three-handed, and fourhanded ~eats. Some .amusement w~s caused by a football argument in a barber s sho p and ItS results, whIle the use of the Lowmoor Jacket was sh.own by a supposed colliery acc ident. Some excellent roller bandagIng was done by some members of the Leicester Men's Nllr.sinO" CI~ss. Am<;>ngst those who accepted invitations to be present were : ~ Chlef-Supenntendent J . H. Buckley, F.R A.S., Transport Superintendent J. E. ~oper, C.E ., Superintenden t SecI etary F. H . Turn er, officers of the L~I~e~ter Ambula nce CorFs, also Superintendent W. Bent, of Syston DIVISIon, ~ on. Secr;tary ArmsLrong, St. Mary' s Division, and Mr. Mobbs, W orkmg Yfen s College. The proceedi n O"s were interspersed with selections of music. '" NORTHAMPTON.- W e understand thatChief Superintendent H ayman , late of the Northampton Corps, has been appointed to the HeadQuarters Staff at St. J ohn's Cate, London ,and Superintendent Trenery, also late of t~e Northa mp~on Corps,has been appointed to the command of the Ket ten ng Corps, WIth the rank of Chief Superintende nt. POTT.EI(IES CORps.-Dec. I, 3 p.m., Round Hou se. Stoke (Lecturer, Dr. Arhdge); Dec. 5,7.30 p.m ., TI~e Schools, Waterhouses; Dec. 5, 8 p.m., The Schools,Etruna (Drvwl11ng): Dec. 6, 8 p.m., Town Hall, Burslem; Dec. 8, 3 p .m., ~oun? House, Stoke (Lecture) ; Dec. 12, 8 p.m., The Schools, Etruna (FIts); Dec. 13 7.+5 p.m. Town Hall Newca stle (Artificial Respiration); Dec. IS, '3 p.m., R ound H ouse', St~ke (Lect ure); Dec. 19, 8 p.m., The Schools, Etruria (Stretcher Dnll); Dec. 20, 8 p.m., Town Hall, Burslem ; Dec. 22, 3 p.m., Round House, Stoke. (Lecture); Dec. 27, 7.45 p.m., Town Hall, Tewcastle (Stretcher Dnll) ; Dec. 29, 3 p.m., R ound House, Stoke (Lecture). POTTER1Es.-On Sunday, November loth 21 members of the Potteries Corps, in charge of Officers Boa rdm'a n and Hea th, accompanied the Mayor of Burslem from the T own Hall to Church and back. Th~ men all appeared smart, but unfortunately a steady downpour of rain spOIled the effect. On Sunday, November 17th, the members turned up, 28 strong, to accompany the Mayor of Stoke from Hartshill to St Peter's Church. The men, in charge of Officers Boardman Bagnall· HeaLh and H?n. Se~retary Shaw, made a very smart turn ~ut and followed the FIre Bngade, the p~lice bringing up the rear. It was generally remarked that the marchmg of the corps was very satisfactory.

A. I D.

ROYTON.- Th is Branch held their second a nnual tea party and entertainment at St Paul's Schools. About 550 persons sat dow n to tea in the boys' schoolroom. At the subsequent entertainment in the girls'room t h e Vi car, the Rev. J. H. Humphrey, M.A., presided, and was supported on the platform by Councillor John Stansfield (superintende nt of the corps), Mr. John Simpson, Dr. Youn~, Dr. Lacey, Dr. Bentley, Deputy-Superintendent In gham, of Rochdale, Mr. C. S. Spencer, and Mr. David Stansfield, hon. sec. The room was crowded. The ent~rta inment opened with a pianofo:te solo by Mr. C. S. Spencer, after whIch the Secretary read the follOWIng report :-" In submitting this report of the history and progress of the Roy ton Ambulance Cl)rps we are ha ppy to state that our corps has from its [ormation made steady p rogress. The corps was founded in January, 189+, with a membership of 16. That number has steadily in creased, and the numbers now are 73 (43 males and 30 fem3. les), all of whom have passed the first aid examination. Six of them are medallists, having passed three examina tions, 20 ha ve passed their second examination, and 38 have passed their first examination, while 16 of the females, besides passi nO' the first aid examination, have received a certificate for proficiency in'" nu~sing. In July, a few of the members entered an ambulance competition at H opwood, at which £6 was offered in prizes. Of this sum £5 was won by the Roy ton contingent. In August we won the first prize in the lad ies' competition at Rochdale. During the year our members have been in st:uI?ental in relievin~ muc~ pain and suffering, having rendered first aId m about 30 cases, mcludmg one case of drowning, one of fracture:! leg, one of br::>ken collar bone, one of broken ankle bone and one ~ery severe case of burning caused by the upsetting of a spiri~ lamp, beSIdes several cases of very severe cuts, and a number of minor accidents. S HREWSBURY.-On the 8th November, Mr. H. H. B. :'\hcLeod, one of the honorary surgeons 01 the local corps, delivered a most interesting and instructive lect ure on " Poisons" to a large number of the members. The lecturer classified the various poi sons and recommended suitable antidotes. Mr. F. E . Adams, Chief Superintendent, proposed a yote of thanks to Mr. MacLeod, and this was carried with acclamation. The members of the Corps will assemble for weekly drills durinO" the . '" wmter, an d arrangements have been made for lectures to be delivered from time to time, by the honorary surgeons and others. ' vVELLINGBORO UG H.-_'\.t the annual general meeting of the Wellingborough Centre, held at the head quarters, Church Street on November I ah. it was mentioned by a memb~r of the loca l committee, that he knew that the officers of the Corps had frequently to relieve from their own pockets, the families of patients (in PO)[ circumstances) who ~ad required the ~erv ices of the Corps-either for transport or fir st aId; he thought thIS was an expense the officers should not have to meet, t herefore he offered £2 2S. as a start for a " Poor Box" to be adm ini stered as a First Aid Relief by the officers, and then' report the case to the T own Benevolent Fund. Mr. Chisholm also crave a guinea. Chief Superintendent Woolston thanked the O"enLleme~ and said, "he should only be too thankful to have such a fund to enable them to give immediate relief; it was very hard to convey the breadwinner to hospital knowing that the wife and children had little food and less money in the house. The' Fir5t Aid Poor Box' would be a great blessing."

-------- :0: - -------

~ .dftrf

)Srigabf ~l'anbal.

An incident connected with the recent disastrous gas explosion in the Strand has been brought under my notice by a caller and should t~e ~ir~ B:igade authorities be unable to offer a reason a'ble explanatIOn, It IS hIgh tIme th.lt some change of me thod, a:-Jd possioly of men is brought about. rn the course of the evening, as most of you are awa're one of the houses in the court where the explosion occurred, collapsed and buried a couple of fireman in the debris . One of the men was extri cated f~ irly quickly. His I~.e:s were somewhat severely injured, so he was carned out and placed 1Il an ambulance waO'on . Can it be credi ted that th is ma n was allowed to lie for two hOL~s and a·q uarter befdJre heh.was rer;t0f"ed to ho;pital? Yet such, [ b~l i eve, was the c.J.se, an to t IS my 1Il ormant, a well-known journalist, I may mention is prepared to swear. Twi ce during this period he obtained restorati~es for the w<;>unded man, and it was only on his somewhat emphatic representatIOns that the man was eventually rerr.oved. My informant tells me that just before he effected the man's removal he in terv iewed a couple of firemen. On demanding, in the name of common humanity, to know why their colleague had been left to freeze in agony for this lengthened period, he was informed that they dare not take him to hospital without their superior's permission. This superior officer my friend quickly found, and discovered that he knew nOlhing at all about .it! The order for removal was quickly given, but who was responsIble for the failure to report to the proper quarter th e fact that the m.:.n was inju red? Discipline must at all hazards be maintained, especially in such a service as the Fire Brigade, but discipline is not another name for inhumanity. - Hunter's ll'eeklv·

FIR S T

BRISTOL -On October 2+th, whilst Dr. Griffiths was glvmg a lecture to the new ambulance class at the Broad Plain House, a report was brought in by Inspector Brice that a man had received an injury outside, and immediately Chief Superintendent Pennington, fIlr. G. H . Leonard, and the Secretary, 1\1r. S. Adams, were on the scene with banda.ges splints, &c .• and it was found that James Slader, foreman in the M i dl~nd Railway's service, tad slipped down and sustai ned a Potts' fracture. This was soon bandaged by Dr. Griffiths and Chief Superintendent Pennington, who with the assistance of other members of the 1st Bristol Civilian Corps, carried the injured man to the Royal Infirmary, where he was detained. BURNLEY CORPS, WEST END DIVISTON.-On T hursday, October 3 Ist , a Cotton 'Weaver, named Clariss:t Gray, employed ' at Mr. Robert Walton's Spring Hill Shed. sustained severe inju ries to her left hand and finaers. It appears she h~d occ:lsion to speak to a workm ate when a boy ,~ent rushing along behind her, causing her to fall forward on to a loom consequently causing her hand to get fast in the cogwheeh Her'fl11 a ers were very severely lacerated. ;\1r. joseph Henry Si m pson, a member of the above detachment, was quickly in attend:lnce, and applied the usu:lI dressing, bandages, &c., afterwards accompanying the youna woman to the surgery of Dr. Pullon, who with Dr. G. H. Rowe, re~dered further medical attention, and complimenting i\Ir. Simpson on the efficient treatment he had given to the unfortunate young woman. B URN LKY.-On \Vednesday, Xovember 13th, a serious accident occurred to Mr. J. Catlow, an overlooker, employed a t S. \Vhittaker and Sons, Woodfield Mill, whilst he was cutting a picker his pocket knife slipped and cut his wrist severely, just escaping the ulnar artery. He was promptly attended to by T . H. Sutcliffe, a member of the \Vest End Ambulance Division, who also accompanied the injured man to Dr. G. H. Rowe's surgery, who stitched up the wound. KESWICK .-SERIO US ACCIDENT AT TilE GAS WORKS.-Soon after five o'clock on Monday evening an accident occurred at the Gas \iVorks through the breaking of a scaffold chain. The workmen were enO'aO'ed in placing in position one of the rafters to support the crown of~h~ new g:ls-holder now in course of cc n stmction . Two of the men, John Forre;ter and John Penrice, had e:lch hold of the rafter, and when the chain snapped they were precipitated with the rafter and scaffold to the bottom of the tank, a depth of about 20 feet. Another labourer, named Swindle, had one hand upon the holder side wben the plank fell and he was able to ha ng on till assistance was rendered him. Dr~. Crawfurd a1d l\lathieson were summoned to the injured men as soon as possible. I t was found that both bones below the knee of Forrester's left leg had been broken. Dr. Crawfurd, assisted by Mr. P . S . Todd temporarily bound the leg, and the patient W:lS placed on a stretcher and dra wn out of the tank by means of a rope and pulley. Dr. Mathieson attended to Penrice, who, beside being seven~ly cut about the head, was much Lruised and suffered from shock. He also was brought out upon a stretcher. Messrs. J. \ iVardle and A. Panter, members of the Ambulance Brigade, were present and helped in the conveyance of the men to the hospital, where we are ~nfo rmed both patients are doinO' as well as can be expected under the ':Ircumstances. KESWICK.-M~ . Geo. Dixon, an employee of the C. K . and P. Railway Co., while returning.on the line in the directi~n of his home at Chestnut Hill, on Tuesday nIght, November I2th, aCCIdently fell from the cattle creep to the hard ground below. T h e poor man was unable to attract attention, and he had to layout all night in the cold and storm . His cries were heard by Mr. Joseph Clark and h is sons, Brigham farm, about six o'clock on 'W ednesday morni ng . With further help they removed the injured man to hi~ home, where he was visited immediately by Drs. Cr:lwfurd and MathIeson. They found 1. compound comminuted fracture of the left arm, be5ides which the patient was suffering from shock and expos.ure. Later on, under the direction of the medical gentlemen, Mr. DIxon was removed to the hospital, and Messrs. Tod?, \ iVardle, Cutts, and. Panter, of the Ambulance Brigade, gave kll1dly an:l valuable aId 111 the work, and were specially thanked by the doctors for the service they rendered. ;\Ir. Dixon, \\ ho is 69 years of age, remains in a precarious condition, the doctors having had to amputate the arm just below the shoulder, but he is doing as well as 'ca n be ex p ~cted under the cIrcumstances. LEICESTER.-On Sunday afternoon, November 2+tll, a n accident occurred to a lady, Miss Brig);s. residing in Southfield, Leicester : through falling upon and breaking a ~asin she received a jagged cut, about 2i inches long, across the left wn st, the radIa l artery and other vessels beinO' se\'ered. The hremorrhage was I'ery severe, but first aid was promptly rendered by Tra nsport Sup erintencient J. E. Roper, C.E., Leicester Corps, who lives near. A local do.ctor wa s summoned, and on his advice Miss Brige;s was taken to the II1firmary, where the wound was dressed. The doctor stated that but for first aid being a"ailable Miss Briggs would have bled to death. She is now going on well . POTTERrEs.-On ovember 3rd, Thomas Foster, a boy of 4 , Upper Green, Newcastle, was knocked down by a horse and trap, which had been frightened by a band. Wheel of trap passed over left leg, which on exam~nation was found to ~e badly brui.sed, but no bones broken. First aId was rendered by Pnvate J . F. Plmblot who

[December, 1895.

AI D.

ha ppened to be passin g, and who thorough ly exam ined h im and then re moved him to poli ce station , he afterwards being taken h ome by his parents. N ovember 9th, :'Ilr. Goodfellow,oLVIadeley Heath, ~ewcastle, hurrying to catch the 9.1 r p.m. Ir.li n, fell down the steps leading from b:loking hall to the p latform and cut h is head causing it to bleed badly; h e also cut his thumb and knocked it up. First aid was rendered by Sergeant S . 'Wade, who happend to be on duty at the time, and was successful in stopping the bleeding by bathing with water and apply ing pressure j the wounds were afterwards attended to by a doctor and patient removed home in a cab. T he following two paragraphs have been culled fro m th e D aily Teleg1'aph, and prove the importance that is now :lttached to ambulance work by the le ld ing d aily journals of the day :-It will surprise no one to learn that T oynbee H a ll, that ce ntre of so much useful work in East London is the h ead quarters of the local ambula nce classes. On Dec. 3rd., medall ions and certificates were awarded to the male and female students who have qualifie i themselves by theoretical and practical acquaintanc e with the princi pIes of fIrst aid and nursi ng. Like everything at Toynbee, the occasion was made a "Social" ; the company met in the drawing room; musi c and refre shments were interspersed with more serious engagements, and altogether a pleasant eyening- was pa ssed. Canon Barnett briefly opened the proceedings, and Mrs. Barnett distributed the awards. This done Sir Albert Rollitt, M.P., gave an address pointing out that peace as well as war demanded such work of humanity as that undertaken by the Order of St. Johf.l. Civilisation had its victims as well as its victories, and experience was continually showing th em t hat life might be saved and suffering assuaged by knowledge and skill. These things called for sacrifice and devotion. As Sydney Sm ith put it, "You cannot do the Samaritan without the oil and the two pence." Sir Albert paid a high tribute to the social and educational influence of TOYllbee Hall. A HERO IN HUMBLE LIFE. C017lplilJl(Jnta?'Y Bml£;tit to P1'i1-ate II. Saye?', IIagge1'Ston Division St. Jolin Alllulllwwe Bri.qade. Henry Sayer, of 33, S1. Andrew's Road, II ack ney, possesses all the attributes of true heroism, and the crowd that :lsse mbled in Shoreditch Town Hall to recognise his merit felt themselves honoured in their association with him. IIe pursue s the humb le ca lling of a firewo od cutter, and is not yet forty years of age, but he has rendered service to humanity of which men in high places and of maturer years might be proud . N' 0 fewer than sixty-five persons have heen sayed from death by his intrepid courage, and the inhabitants of the district in whi ch he lives decided that such noble work was deserving of substantial reward. People of all classes supported the movement-:\Iembers of Parliament, County Councillors, and representatives of the various local authoritiesand last night Henry found him self surrounded by hun dreds of warmhearted admirers at a most successful benefit conceIt. Mr. Charles Freak, L.C.C., occupied the chair, and aroused shouts of applause by narrating some of the scenes in whi ch Sayer had won the Roya l II umane Society's medals and the other decorations he 1I'0rc upon his breast. The last occasion on which he risked his life for another was when, lying on a sick-bed, he was told that a woman had jumped in to the Regent's Canal. \iVithout a moment's hesitation, and in spite of his illness, he struggled to the spot, pushed aside the passive onlookers, plunged into the water and rescued the would-be suicide. Henry Sayer is a member of the Haggerston Division, Metropolitan Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade, and his co mrades are justly proud of one who reflects so much credit on the di vision.

FIRST AID • A

No. ] 9 - VOL. II.

W ill be paid to the Representatives of th e purchaser of FIRST AID in case of death as provided below, by The Sickness and Accid ent Assuranc e Association, Ltd. Head Office :-2+, YORK PLACE, EDlNBURGH. London Office :- 64, MOORGATE STREET, LONDON, E.C. To whom notice of Claims under the following con d itions must be sent WITHfN THREE DAYS. Applic a ble "[;0 Pas-

s e nger Trains in Great Britain & Ire land. ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by the

£1 0D

above Insurance Company to the Legal representatives of any person killed by an accident to the train in which the deceased was an ordinary passenger, or who shall have been fatally injured t hereby, should death result within 24 hours after such accident. Provided that at the time of such accident the person so killed or fatally injured was the owner of FIRST AID for the current month, containing this Coupon legibly signed with his or her usual signature in ink or pencil, both time and signature being of t he essence of the contract. S ignature ..................................... .................. " ........................................................ . Address ............................................... .. ............... ....... .................................... ...................... .. T his Insuran ce is limited to one Coupon to each holder, and is not in valida ted by any Insurance with thi,s .or a ny other Acc.id~nt, Com\?any. I t is subject to the ordin ary COn?lt l? nS of the AssoclatlOn s Acclder;t P olicies, and is in force fro m mldmght, 1st D ecember, 1895 , un ti l midnight, ] st January , I896.

Printed for !.he Proprietors by W. J. GOODlI, 88, Clerkenwell Road, and p~b1i8hed oy ALA.N PA.LMER a nd RIIBD

11, Lndgate Hill, E.C,

DEVOTED

[Entered at Statiollel's' Hall]

We wish all Our l'eaclel's a mORt pl'osperous and happy New Year, fLl1d hope that all will do their best to further Ambula,nce vVorl - thl'oughout thc countq.

* *" ;I;

TIl~ 1if~boat disa tel' in DLlblin Bay on Cl1l'istmas EYe, l'esultmg III t hc clf>Hth of the whole of the crew aO'ain pointedly In'ings befol'e UB thc work of these bl'av~ ~en . Tlwy I'ewler nl':,;t aiel in the urO}lclest RC'nse of the wOl'd to those who :1,l'C sOl'cly in neecl of it, and who, but fOl' the opportune help thus gi'i'cn, would Ruffel' a dreadful death. This kind of first a id difrers fl'Om others, inasmuch a.s it cannot he offel'eel except at the l'isk of the liycs of the l'e:;cuel', , ,,-)10 tllllB mect with aclmil'ation on all sides and the r ecital of whose clee(ls makoti llR thrill with excite~ent. Altholl~h thi:; l'isk is cheel'fully undel'gone, every care and pl'eCa,utlOn ?lIght to he taken that it be not increased by the un eaWOl'tlulless 01' cal'eless llllilding of the lifeboats. The one .nt Dublin Ray. mpsize(l and llicl not rigllt itself, thns causll~g the death. of ~l,ll th~ C1·e"-. We sincerely hope that the LIfeboat InstltntlOll 'nIl make the nece:;sary enquiries M to the cau 'e of the elisaster.

* *" ~K

. 1:-1 the 1\IetJoopolitan P olice R eport for 1894, which has .lust been i:-;sno(l, \\'e ::lce thl~t the numb81' of , tl'eet accidents known to the police in the stl'eotH of London was 6 570 ag;)in:-;t 6,3:36 in 189:3. In 18 1 the number was 3 400 ,~hic1~ shows an increase of ncn,rly 100 pel' cent. in 13 ye~nl. ' Light cm·ts, hansoms, Y1ms and cycles c~use the most accidents iu the order mentioned, anel although cycles injured 693 p~ople~ yet no (leatIl was c,LUsed by them. 169 people were k~lec1 III the stl'eet~, and we t~lUS ::loe that the police have a blg mnbulance bmnne s to cIo 111 the year, and of which we should very mnch like to see the details, -;"

A MB U L ANCE

JANUARY, 1896.

~rebitie~ .

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS

JOURN A L

e obscrve tlmt the Fire Bl'igade at Birmingham is taklllg a new departure in ambulance traiuiuD'. The Snpel'intendent has decided in conjunction with Dl'.1t[0l'l'ison to fOl'm cl.tsses on their own account, quite distinct from th~ St. John AlIlbl~lance A:sociation, the reason giyen, bemg that the cost IS too great . In our opinion this is a great pity .. The obj~ct of e:'erybody who is in anyway connected WIth fil'st md teachmg, ought to be to raise the stan~lal'rl, or ,:t any . l'ate to keep it up, and if we have mec!lCn,l m~n 111 val'lons parts of the country setting up thell' own hLUe school, wo l'cally shall not know where we are, ?l' =\'hat is being tm1ght. Although the system of e~ammatlOn adopted by the St. John Ambulance As,ociatl?n is cap<l,ble of improvement, the method mentioned aboye WIll lower the standal'CI, and help to brillg c1iscn·dit on the work. Fl'OH1. what ,ve know of the St. John AmbuLUlce ~Rsociation all(l its Chief Secl'etary, we m'e confident illltt If pr opel' l'epl'e entations were made, the little mattel' of c~pen :-;e could he anm,ged. We hop that Dl'. lV[Ol'l'iSOll wlll reGonsiclel' his action,

'WO RK. PRICE 0 IE PENNY.

~ irrobe=lBl)oI.lta. A CHAT ABOUT THE MICROBE SCARE: ITS ORIGIN, PREVALENCE, A:"ID ERRORS. COlltinned. QlTASI" S CIE~TIFIC" T:-.1DIG~ATro:"l! An in furiated correspondent objects to the title of these articles, and to the use of the term" scare" in connection with microbes. He (or she) protests t hat microbes have a very real existence, and that their discovery has led to immenseadvant:tges tom:lnkind. 1heyare therefore to be treated with the greatest respect-not fear! The writer concludes a rambling and discursive epistle by signing him (or her)self" A Lover of Science." To have signed him (or her)self" A IUi crobe" would have been more to the point :lnd less assertive. All lovers of science are not necessarily scientific, nor learned in science. It is to these half-informed would-be microbic scientists that the term "microbe-phobia and " scare Jl are particularly applicable. Read on, my fri end, read onthe voice of science, which includes a knowledge of things created, will not be stilled by blatant quasi pretentions. PASTEl'R DISCOVERED THDI ! One would be led to imagine from a" Lover of Science "that Pasteur invented or created microbes, whereas he simply dIscovered their existence, and since this discovery has devoted his life to studying their characteristics and supposed functions. :'.Iicrobes have probably existed sin ce the first creation of organic matter-they are not new either in their existence or operations. Through:'lI. Pasteur we know of their existence-what do we Imow o/their operatiolls ? CO , lECT URES . I t is an acknowledged fault amongst those "ho are engaged in scientific research that they are rather too apt to take some thinas for granted, and to build upon them further theories that are not always substantiated. H has been suggested-co'!/octured would be a better word-that the presence of microbes indicates that they are the originati n g cause of some of the functions taking place where they are present. I t is an open question if they be not the result! Professor Koch discovered a characteristic microbe that was found in cholera, and it was naturally blazoned out to the world that he had made this discovery, and experiment proved him to be right-that is to say, Koch had discovered a microbic form that \\'as present in every case of cholera investigated by him. ;\Ioreo"er, he fouAd that he could inoculate healthy subjects (rabbits and guinea pigs) with a fluid containing these microbes, and that cholera invariably supervened . A "Lover ot Science" would probably infer from Dr. Koch '$ experiment that the microbe he discovered as an invariable concomitant of cholera was therefore the orig inal causative agent. Such an argument may appear to be well founded, but it by no means follows as a matter of course. These" cholera" microbes might be the result of cholera, and yet haye the power to excite cholera in an othen\ ise healthy subject. VIEWED FROM A:-.10THER POINT. Suppose that a certain microbe has the p')wer to cause a certain disease, what we \\'ant to kno\\' is which was the first created? 'Vas the disease created before the microbe associated with it, or was the microbe created before the disease? It is quito:: e\'ident that the creating influence must ha\'eexisted before the created result. That may be :lccepted as an · incontrovel-tible argument. Jfwe accept the theory that the microbe created the disease then it follo\l's that we must make some enq uiries concerning the creation of the microbe. \Vhat of its existence prior to setling up the disease with which it is characteristicaily associated? A" Lo\"er of Science .. will tell you that you must not go into such an abstruse question-it is too deep and might date back to the creat ion of the world-for a shallow pated lover of science , it is too abstruse, but a ,l{ell II lJIe Scic!lItlSt would not admit that any argument or re search could be two deep provided it tended to the elici tation of the truth. u ppose we accept the theory that the disease and its microbe originated simultaneously at one and the same time j then we come to the reasonable conclusion that if neither created each other, but that both were created together, then their .si multaneous creation must have been due to a/her caIlSc!S than themselve$. \Ve shall refer to this question further on. OHGANTS~IS, HOW C!{EATED ? OrO'anic matter, from which all manner of organ isms are formed, whether animal or vegetable, is so intimately mixed up and associateq II

A I D.

January, 1896.J

FI RS T

with mineral matter, that it needs no stretch of mind to believe that they \I'ere created together, Combinations of mineral matter have created so many wonderful things, such as diamonds . rubies, and so forth, that we need express no surprise that combination s of orcranic matter should ha\'e created organisms, some so simple as the mi~robe with which we are dealing. If we break up organic matter of any kind into its simple and individual component elements, we shall fmJ that thev are also the elements of mineral and gaseous matter. T o speak of the earth then as "mother earth," we are using no absurd fliabt of fan cy, for of the constituents of the earth and air our bodi~s are created, and so also are all other organic creat ions whether animal o r vegetable. If minerals can form themselves into diamonds, rubie5, and all manner of crystals, and other things, why doubt tbat oraanisms can be formed with a similar facility? It is generally asserted by scientists that to produce an organism seed must be there, but how the oriainal seed came into existence is a question that is lost in the darkne~s of ages, unless we are content to believe that organisms miaht be created by similar instances to those which have created crystal~, or any other of the muyellous mineral productions to be found in the open labo ratory of the, earth, and de\'eloped after into superior beings, just as flowers are Improved by the surroundings of cultivation. Microbes might have been created in a simiiar manner, not spontaneously, but as the result of surroundings and chemical influence, and if such simple existences could have been created in this way atany time

wh)' lI~t now .9 ('10 bo continucd.)

- - - - : 0:- - - -

~fJe ilDi%a~trou~ lEpibemic

of J}ltl£a~l£~.

FIRST-AIDERS TO THE RESCUE I In the Daily News, issued on the mo rning of Christmas Day, there appeared the following piece of startling information :-" After the tendency to decline shown in the previous week, death from measles in London 1I00k an upward bound last week, and reached the la rge total of 126. This is the highest point touched during the present epidemic, and exceeds any weekly number since the spring of 1894. In April, 1\lay, and June of that year, when the last epidemic of measles prevailed, there were from I I 2 to 175 deaths per week, while since then there have been .s few as ~eyen in a week, and not till November of this year did they again reach 100 per week. Considering that the deaths in London from all causes last week numbered only 1,521, it follows that about one in twel ve must have been due to measles. All with five exceptions were among children under five years of age. Those living in the orth and South districts suffered most, while those in East, Central and \Vestern districts were most free from the malady, which at a time of year most given up to the children has become alarming." Here we have a remarkable confirmation of the suggestions we have made at various times in our columns, that first-aiders should no t confine their knowledge and skill to rendering assistance in time of accident only, but that their mission should be extended to all manner of evils that wait upon the persons, haunts and homes of humanity. ] n times of epidemics the assistance of first-aiders, versed in the preliminary treatment of the diseases could not be over estimat ed. The great difficulty that the doctor has to contend with in the harassing time of an epidemic is the atrocious ignoran ce that exists amongst folks as to "'hat to do in case of attack, and the direful neglect of simple precaut ions for the preliminary benefit of the patient a nd the prevention of further spreading of the infection. People read in the papers and hear from neighbourly report that an epidemic is raging, just as measles is raging now at this presen t moment. "Dear me, how dreadful! I hope it will not come our way," and there it ends until the epidemic does go their way, and then the bomb£hell bursts and creates its havoc, accompanied by either indifference, over-confidence, or a scare. "If so-and-so is to have it, he or she \\ill have it," is one way of lo oking at it from a fatalist point of view; but it uften happens that by taking due precaution with the one case on hand its spread to others in the same house may be prevented. The over confident paTty thinks the doctor too parti cular. They have met the disease before, and it has no horrors for them. One or two cases, perhaps a dozen or more, have come under their ken, and as they all progressed f l\'ourabJ y, they know no fear. But, alas! they may learn a lesson yet. 'When the entrance of the epidemic into a household creates a scare, the condition of all concerned is deplorable. "Precautions" of a mo st ridiculous and probably actually mischievous character are resorted to whilst the heart is beating with fear. Patients are needlessly irritated anJ worried, \lhile sleepless nights and over anxious days render the \' isitation many times worse than it really is, That dangers of a direful nature a re borne in the train of an infectious disease is only too certain and that t a the uJinitiated these dangers are hidden foes; but, th~ scientific investigators of later years have laid these foes bare to the doctor and through him to the well-trained nurse, so that now , although we can only suspect their presence, we are able to fortify our patients asainst th~m, preferrin!5 in every case tQ believe they are there l whether

[J anuary, 1856.

A ID,

it happens they may be or not. Unfortun a Lely they are invisible to us but when in activity their operations are only too pronounced. It may be observed here that although the following remarks are invoked by the immeriiatp. necessity of dealing with an epidemic of me.lsles now upan us, in m03t pHticuhrs they apply equ:t.lly to the treltment of other infectious dise'lse3, to whi ch we m1.y h'lve an opportunity of referring in a future number. Infection is given off from the pltient in exh1.lation of the skin, breath, sputa, urine, ami alvine dischHges (bowels), and to these, and the clo~he3 in co ntact with them, you must at fir5t di r ect yo':r best attention , fhppily we have provided for us in the shape of" disinfectants" the pONer of destroying the germs that after being given off f101t about in the air, or find snug resting-places amongot the fibres of the clothes. InjectION.lioatilll{ in the ai Y .-Perh1.ps the most prolific is unfortu nately the m05t difficult to d'!;li with, for it is conveyed in the current of air in whatever Jirection that curre nt is tending. Supp05e the current tends towards the interi or of the house, then you may be quite certain th:l.tthe infecLious germs are going with it. You mu st either direct the curren t out of doors (through the open window or up the chi mney) or YOLl must intercept it by a p:> lYerful v)lntil e clisinfect'lnl such as chloride of lime or carbol ic acid. As to direct it outwarJs is a diffic1llt and not altoaether s'ltisfactory pro : ess to carry out, th .. next be5t is to in tercept the flow into the house by depositing here and th ere,a s plentifully as you please, S'lucers conhining chloride of lim e . over which you occasionly pour a few drops of strong muriatic acid (spirit of S'llts). If the sick-room is approached by a p.lssage an arrange ment o f cUltai n l cutting the passage into lobbies, each of which has its disinfecting Sau,;ers hard at work, is the best plan of ~II. In these lobb ies changes of clothes can be hu ng for those in attendance. Chloride of lime gives off chlorine, the most deadly to dise1.se germs of all disinfectants known. By p~_lring a few drops of strong muriati c (hydrochloric) acid upon the lime chlorine is given off freely and in great quantities. All vessels containing excreta should be disinfected at once by pouring carbolic acid over, and it is advis:l.ble to put a litLie carbolic acid or chloride of lime in to the vessel after it has been emptied and thorough ly washed out, but not dried, as drying would perhaps infeclthe cloth used. All changes of linen sho uld be sprinkl ed with a so luti on of cal'bolic, acid, carried away quickly to a copper of boiling water, plunged in, and boiled for an hour. A little chloride of lime dissolved in the water is a valuahle assistant to the perfect disinfection, All cups, alasses, plates, &c., shou ld be washed in the room , a little chloride of lime (teaspoonful to a gallon) completes the process and secures the cloth upon which they are dried . The period of illcubatio.· z for measles is gi yen as four to fourteen days but it does not concern first-aiders to pay much attention to that as the date of infecti on is always more or less en veloped in doubt. The prem onitory symptoms are sometimes ushered in by increased appetite, followed by a restless night , and from that will follow loss of appetite, head ache, lassitude, pains in the limbs, weariness, sleepiness, sickness perh aps, and probably constipation, or it may be diarrhcca. The face flu shes, eyes moist and bloodshot, lips swe ll and become crimson and glassy, and the tong-ue soon becomes red and beefy-looking. After a short term of bigh fever the rash appears like irregular cl usters of red, slightly raised above the level of th c skin. On th e face first, then of the neck, body, and limbs . A short quick cough sets in with t he feve r, and gets worse as the lash comes out. This cough may be the signal of coming lung congestion, or bronchitis, either 01 which will require special treatment. Upon the supervening of the earliest symptoms in any case either of constipation or diarrhcea, give dose of Eno's Fruit Salts, Pyretic Saline Effervescing magnesia, or seidlitz powder, and put the patient tQ bed, keeping the room at a comfortable temperature. Th e Joctor is your next best friend.

As soon as the patient is convalescent, and fit to leave the rO OIll, fasten stout strings or ropes across and across near th e ceiling, and upon these hallg loosely all the clothes that cannot be washed as before described, and even those that have been. Leave nothing in such a way that the air cannot circulate about it freely , In various parts of the room, put more open vessels containing plenty of chloride of lim e, and over the lime pour muriatic acid as before. Leave the winJolI' open about two or t hree inches at the top, close the doo:' tightly allJ lay rolls of cloth where it does not fit tight. and leave the chlorine to work. In two or three days time you may enter the 1'00111, fold lip the clothes, and sc rub the floor with hot water in which a tablespoonful of chloride of lime to the bucketful has been dissolved . When thi s is dry, a good airing, and opening doors and windows and a fire in tb e stove, will effectually destroy the infection. The lightest of light food, barley water, lemonade, milk and water and ' weak tea. are the prescribed dietary. Oranges and grapes at discretion ; wine jellies and beef tea according to strength. The foregoing will be found useful, although it is by no mean s as complete a code as the author would have liked tQ publish l1ad sufficien t space b~en availabl~ .

3err~ :fSuilbfng. ( Contillued).

II O UR SYMPATHlES. These are to so me extent with the cheap bui lder-m ake no mistake about that. We acknowledge and understand the almost impossible task he is set to perform, but we are not disposed to exonerate him altogether for the unworthy part he is undertaking to play in the damnable game of " Jerry Building." Vve are quite alive to the fact that the b~il.der must .li ve, but we Cannot excuse him for taking up a course of It vl11g that IS as nearly dIsh onest as can be. A substantial builJel: holding position in th e trade would not soil hi s fingers with such dIrty work, nor would a skIl led mechanic. Jerry building is one of t he attributes of the sedimen t of the trade. and the workmen ~ngaaed upon it are." botchers," (please unde.rstand this) so that the expos~res we are makl11g here may ~ot be. conSIdered as 111 any degree renecting upon .the workmanlIke lI1tegnty of standard building firms whose operatIOns are conducted upon the highest principles of the art and practice of mechan ics. Small builders, or builders in a small \\'ay, find it a hard struaale to gain ~ livelihood b~ ~heir trades, and the inducemen ts offered I;), the BudJl11g Estate soheltor are too rowel ful to be resisted. The offer of ".\dvances gr~nted to respo~1sibl.e builders" does the trick, and honorabl e sentim ents are sunk In the struggle for life. , \V~ ere do the" advances" come from you naturally enquire, bearing In mllld that the owner of the land IS 111 queer street, and the solicitor not always m uch better financially provided, \Ve are informed that I:\SURA'ICE COMPAKIES supply the ad \'ances from their uninvested funds requirin a in addition ~o five per cent. on their money, that e1'ery house' as it is bbm'lt s/lalt be 11lSllred III their olfce. It is ~ood wOlk for the l nsurance Companies, and help~ the budder not a Ilttl.e; ?ut as they are, by their ad\'a nces, encouragl11!S one of th.e most mISChle\'ous and nefarious practices 50 far as the publtc health IS concerned we cannot withhold our reproaches even though the sharehold ers benefit by the transaction. The estate also benefits flI1ancially by the" Tn surance" advances without them the building could not proceed, because the only ~lass of builder acceptahle to the fee-takers is he who requires" accommodations" and will pay fO! them. Amply pro\'ided with promises against contingencies that are certain to wait upon him, THE BUILDER MAKES A START .

He suh-lets the cutting out. and la¥ing of the foundation to pieceworkers, and as he pays no hIgher prIce than he can help some curious subterfuges are resorted to by the "piece-workers" in their efforts ta make as much profit as they can out of the job and doJO'e the authorities. ' b COKCERNT. G PIECE-WORK

it may be observed here that it is th~ greate.st curse of the building trade. It cheapens labour, and the Jerry-budder takes advantage of It; but toth the buIlder and the worker suffer in the end. Pieceworkers or "under contractors" ha\'e to compete in prices till they are cut down threadbare, and consequently the work is" botched." FOUNDATIONS

we are in fo~-med sho.uld consist of a strong concrete composed of" good hard matel:lal tec.h11lcally known 111 the trade as burnt balbst" bound together WIth a lIme cement. \Vh en this is faithfully carried 'out, and the fO';lndatJo~ la Id deep enough from a foot downwards accordina to the sod, the plece-\~' orker has performed hi s duty satisfactorily to'" all but how often IS thIS done? ' In.stead ?f the good foundation b.eing laid, . all sorts of rubbish, shavlllgs, bIts of wood, ~nd other buddl11g waste IS mixed in inJescriminately and faced over WIth lIme. No regard is made as to portions of the trench es that are softer than others, the "concrete" is laid one e9 ual . depth, an? the lIlva~lable conseque nce is that the foundation s~nks 1Il places WIth the \~elght above it, and out of shape goes the \\all.. It may be 01:1):' an IIlch or two or a foot, in any case it is quite suffiCIent. to loosen J ~IStS , rafters, and throw the bui lding out of plumb. SometImes the bUIlder leaves the DRAINS ~o be laid by pi~ce ,wor~ers or .sub-contractors, and then the layin g is JU s ~ as b~d as "nil pass l11Spe~tlOn, and \\'ha t wi Il pass inspection in one pansb mIght be condemned Jl1 another. Carelessly joined and crack etl pipes are rammed Jl1 anyhow causmg undreamed of mischief throllgh leakage. * * * vVe pallse here for a moment or t\\'o [0 cOllsider what the effects lUust be upon the occupants of a house so si tU;lted. In cow'se of time t~e earth round about the leakage becomes satura ted with seW'lae' d , . '" , .lll g l yes off I't 5 nox" Ious mI asmata causlllg fevers of various descriptio an d al~\'ays l~ntlermining health. lIave we no protection against t:~ ~~ !~10rrmty whl c~ may. happen, and generally does in neighbotllhoods here Jerry buddl11g IS Eampant? urely we al e protected by SA:-<JTARl' INSPECTION?

Well, that depenJs upon the loca lity in whi ch the estate hal)l)ens to b . .IS coun tenanced , e sItuated . I n ."orne p Iaces l ax 'lIlspectJOl1 in order to

facilitate the adding of streets to the neighbourhood which would produce rates and promote the importance of the parish. Experience has shown that this is not a good parochial pol icy, but it is practised occasion all y nevertheless. . An excellent authority o\)seITes: "There is also a remote but not Improbable contingency that parochial representatives might be bribed to pass defecti ve drainage." \Ye prefer to belie\'e that there are not sufficient Sanitary Inspectors appointeJ to keep adequate watch Oyer the workings of a new neighbourhood. O\'er such an estate as that we have described, hundreds ot drains may be co\'ered in daily. How Can one Inspector surenise the lot? A very smart writer on the subject of sanitation, writes, that "as the drains are below the surface and buried in they ought to be altogether above suspicion ." IIow can that be brought about and ensured? It has been suggested by the Sanitary I nstitute and other authorities on sanitation that el'ery house owner should obtain a certificate of sanitary proficiency for his house, and that for this he shall pay a fee. Hut e\'en such a drastic pro\'ision as this would not suffice to meet the case, and ~o c nc~ more \~'e are forced to go back to the Inspe ctor. A practI ca l budder \\'fltes, " Instead of 100kl11g entirely to anti-toxic precautions the Medical authorities should join hands with the an italY ~uthorit!es and fight the cause, unless they have learned to regard the Jerry budder as a valuable friend and ally." This caustic obsen'ation is not altogetber beyond the mark. Sanitary connections abo\'e ground such as soil pipes, IV.C. connections, and separate cisterns for household and W.C. can be examined at any tin~e, b~lt what can we. do about the drain s under ground? W~at pOSSIble 111terest has the pIece-working nany in pUlling in good dra111age? lIe gets paId no more nor less be his work sound or scamped. So ~ar as his per~onal interests are concerned they end with the recel pt of hIS pay. He IS utterly reckless of consequence to their future tenants . We have had so many examples of the health and life-destroying qualities of DEFECTIVE DRAI:-<AGE: that no further commentary is necessary. It is but a few years back that t?e pretty town of 'V?rthin& was paralysed hy an outbreak of typhOId fel'er, due ~o defectIve drams, and the result to all concerned in the tOlYn was appalling. Death walked rampant throuah the stree ts the plague spread, inhabitants bolted, \'isitors a\'oided it, and trad~ w~s altog~ther ruined. }~appily there was sufficient energy and enterp~'I~e left In the ~own to dlct:1.te an absolute relaying and strict super· VISIon of the dra111 system throughout, with the result that \Vonhin a bas not only freed herself of the scourge, but is now one of the be~ dra111ed towns on the coast. \Yhere an estate is built upon and houses erected with defecti\'e drainage such as we have abm'e described th e neiahbourhood will ha.y~ reason in time to bitterly repent it. As ~he leakage permeates the soIl It pOIsons the atmosphere just suffic ient at first to lower vitality and produce lowness of health and spirits without any appreciable cause, Thl7 may go on for a time and the cause remain unsuspected; but the end IS not there, and sooner or later the trouble will burst out in all its virulent fury , In our next issue we shall ha\'e somethin a to say about Materials. '" ( '1 ,0 be c(mtin /led.)

--------:0:-------FIRE BRIG.\DE A.\!BULANCE \YORK IX BIR:'IL'\'GILDL IVe cull the following from FIN and.11 Ilt!!r, and can only say that we deeply deplore Lhe step taken by Supenntendent Tozer. It is certainly much better that the men should go through tbe course as laid down by the St. John Ambulance Association, the certificate of which has now a worl~ wid~ replltation. \"ith regard to the fees, surely the L ocal Committee If properly approached wou ld make some concession in the case of a sen'ice so intimately allied with us as is the Fire Br iaacle " At a meeting held on December 6th at the Birminaham Fire Station u~cier the presi?ency of Alderman Hart, Chairman of the \Vatch Com.' mlttee, the certlfi.cates gained by the m~mbers of the Fire Brigade :ct an ambulance class, Il1structed by Dr. :\Iorn so n, were presented. This year the members have rendered first aId 111 q6 cases. In addition to these there were I ) transport cases attended to in Birminaham Shrewsbury B~nbury, Del by, and Bil sto.n, The first ambulance ~hss in connectiol; wIlh the Bn~ade was held 111 1886, when the whole of the men passed the .exam111atI011. A second class was held in I 8 ,when the men aga1l1 passed successfully. Early last year Superintendent Tozer had a conyersatl?n \\'Itl: I!r. l\[orns()n as to fo.rming a c:lass distinct from the t. J ~hn s l \ssoc~ayon, the adl'antage bell1g that lIttle or no expense would be Il1curred. I he charge of £5 pel class made by the Association was cons iJered excessive. Permission having been obtained from the Fire Brigade Committee, Dr. :\lorrison commen ceJ his duties with a cla.ss of 53 men, and on the 23rd Ju ly, 1894, he examined 52 men (1 belllg on lea\e). or th( se +9 passed. 1\t the present time there are 5+ officers and men who ha\e passed their exa111in~tion~, 5 having joined the BrIgade since the lectures were legun. upelll1tenJent Tozer presented Dr. '\[OIll oo n, on behalf of the 131 igade, \I ith a photograph of the men, as well as a sel of vases,"

FIRST

IMPORTANT NOTICE. We beg to give notice that this Journal will in future be published on the 1st of the month. In order to meet the requirements of the trade, it must be actually published by the 25th or 26th, so we must ask all our l-orrespondents to send in their contributions by the 22nd a t the latest. TO ADVERTISERS. As no paper at the present day can exisi ""Tifhout Advertisements, we begto draw the attention of Advertisers to this Journal. It has been in existe nce for 19 months, nas a steadily increasing circulation, and is the ooly Journal cf its kind circulating amongst firstaiders in all parts of the world, and is read by thousands every monih. These artl facts worth knowing and digesting,

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTIO I . F OR 12 months, IS, 6d" post free, to be sent to the Publish ers, Al an P almer & R eed, IT, Ludgate Hill , L ondon , E.C. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-" ARTERY, LONDON."

FIRST AID. JANUAR r 1, 1896,

AT the beginning of an other year it is 1895. again our d u ty t o pass in r eview the even ts th at have happen ed in th e ambulance world. Although th e past year has not been marked by any particularly st rikinp; incident, or any great forward moYement, yet an adyance has been steadily mad e, and the work has so much increased that we safely congratulate all ambulance worl<ers on the progress that has been accomplished, Ambulance work on th e great railway systems possesses for us a peculiar inter est, inasmuch as it is obviously impossible to have on the sp ot a body of first-aiders able to render assistance in the case of an accid ent, th erefore our railways ought to have a sufficient number of trained m en capable of being turned out at a minute's notice. LookilLg qt what has been done in the past year, it appears that more interest has been tak en in the su bj ect, judging by the number of competitions that have t aken place on the \'arious lines. The Great E astern Railway in M ay and Ju ne held their annual contest for a Challenge Cup given by the D irect ors, the final heat taking place at Stratford and resulting in the yictory of th e 1\ onv ich Th orpe team. Th e Great Northern R ailway had a large competition in oyember consisting of thirt een teams and which was won by the King's Cross team, Many oth er lines in t he Provinces and also in Scotland have been exh ibitin g their ene rgy and enterprise in the same way. Th ere was a serious accident at H erne Bay on the 1st of August, when six passengers were injured, and where valu able assistance was rendered by the local ambula nce corps. But we have not yet seen th at any company ba s placed on its rails ;]. railway ambu lance wagon . We would venture to point out t o the Superint enden ts of the various corps the advisability of mentioning the matter to their directors. The cost need cot be very great and it will add considerably to the effi ciency of the division. The men will require to be trained in lifting the stretchers in and out of t he wagon , It is necessa ry to mention the accident at Moreca mbe Bay, where, through the efforts of the local Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, se\'eral persons were rescued from drowning and resuscitated by mea ns of artificial respiration. This was apFarently th e record 0: Y

[January, 1896.

AID.

th e year, and demonstrated in a remarkable manner the value of knowledge of first a id. Th e St. John Ambulance Brigade has been going ah ead during the past year, The long-talked of conference of Officers and Surgeons took place at Northampton on the 9th of M arch, and gave th e Pro\'incial Officers the opportunity of discuss1l1g yario u ; points with th e Commissioner and the Metropolitan Officers, the r es ult of which will have a benefici al effect o n the whole of the Brigade. Surgeon-:\lajor Hutton and Brigade Cllief Superinte ndent \-)rasier ha\"e rend ered great service by travelling thr ou ghout th e country assisting at demonstration s, competitions and t h e like, In March, Visco unt Knutsford was appointed Director of the Ambulance Departm ent, and h as shown in a decided manner that he takes great interest in th e work. vVe venture to express our deep regret at hi~ continued illness, and hope that he will soon be r estored to health, Ihe T ecl1l1ical Education Committees of th e various County Councils are promoting the knowledg e of first a id by g iving grants to enable classes to be h eld in poor districts. "\Ve hope this will go on. vVe are sorry to be obliged t o admit that so far very little h as been done towards the formation of an A mbulance Service for London, ,Vh etbe r another year will see it an accomplished fact we do not knolV, but we have hopes that a m ovement will soon be started . We hope t o be excused for saying a few words about this j ournal. vVe have endeavoured with the limited space at our disposal, to lay before all our readers ~he wor k tbat is being done all oyer t he country, showll1g its importance, and also t o bring country memb ers in touch with L')ndon. Special articles ha\"e appeared on various subjects, and we hop e in future to pll blish more. P ort raits and sketches of well kn own ambulance workers have been given, and will be continued, We acknowledge with gratitude the support already received, and we tru st th at the coming year will see a decided increase in our circulation , and also, we h ope, in th e size of the Journal. --------:0:--------

1lBfCltf)5 of QLf)tDll'ClT. ON the subject of de'lths among children some very strik in g 6~ures are given by the Registrar-General What he calls the" mortahty of infants," which is measun d by the proportion o[ deaths under one year o[ age to registered births, was in the tbree months endin~ with September 201 per thousand in Englanc! and \ Va les, a number which exceeds by 41 per thousand the average proportion in the ten preceding th ird quarters , Perhaps the most notable fact about these children's d~aths is tha, they are three or fo ur times mOle numerous In some countIes ~ha n in others, In Wiltshire the. proportion of deaths to the thousand blrll~ s was on ly 75, in Herefordshi re it was 91, in S,omersetshile 95, and III \Ve stmoleland [ 00 , These figures compare II Ith 244 per th o usand 111 Leicestershire, 254 in Durham, 257 in Lan cash ire, and 308 i,: the East RidillCY o[ Yorkshire . There is nearly the same dispanty 111 the t ow ns, for I~ates of I4I per thousand in Bristol and 157 in Huddersfield com p are with 367 in Wolverhampton and 369 in Burn ley . Again, rates of 101 in Bath and II3 in Devonport are more than counter· balanced by 373 in Ashton -under -Lyne and 394 in Grimsby, Compared with the ten preceding third quarters the death rate among children under one year of age in.::reased, whi le that [or people of all ages above one year decleased.

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~tlnual

Qronferenct.

The Second Ann ual Codcrence o[ the Hon, Surgeons and r\ mbulan ce Officers of the Sl. J oh n Ambu lance Brigade, will be held in Lond on, on Satlll'day, February 29th. R esolutions to be brought forw ard sho uld be forwarded with as litt le delay as possible to the Secretary of the Conference, St. J ohn's Gate, Clerkenwell.

FIRST .A I D.

January, 189G.] ~l\r

lPortrait (l;alIer~.

S UnGEO~ OAPTA.I~ R. R. SLE~rA~, 20Tn MIDDLESEX ( ARTISTS) RIFLE VOL UXTEER. ,

jJlot£~ By "'fOUn, IQUET," I HEARTILY wish all first aiders a happy and prosperous ~ew Year,

Su n.GEO~ -o.il.PTAI~ SLE~rAX was horn in 1858, at 'l'avistock, Devon, fLncl was first ed ucatecl H,t the 'I'avistock School, subsqquently proceeding to Camb1'iclae· afterwal'Cls 0' entering on hiH medical career nt St, Mary ':::; Hospital. It waR in June, 1878, that Surgeon-Captain SlemfLn fi1'st took an intel'est in the yolunteer mm-ement, when he joined the volunteerR in hiR natiye town, :Kine yearR Jatel' he joined the "Arti::;ts," in ",bich l'egiment he has succeRsflllly ri en from the rank of fl, priyate to the position he now hold.' . In the year 1888, Sm'geun-C,lptaill Sleman was appointed HOll. f 'eCl'et,l1'Y to the Voluntee1' .timhulance School of Instruction, CL position which he hil:::; since occupied with Cl'edit to himtieH and to the benent and a,ch-::mcement of the school, indeed it i:::; paying him no idle compliment in 'aying that n, gl'ea,t leal of the popularity of the School i::; clue to the per:::;onality of Dr. Sloman. As a proof of his administra,tiye qnalifications it may be mentioned tha,t he has on three occ<lHions acted as Adjnta,n t for Bl'ign.cle Bem'er Oompanie:::;, 'Viz: for the SeYel'll l:h-igac1e, the South Wales B1'igade, and the POl'tsmouth Brigctc1e, I n onnectioll \\'ith the ~linehea<1 mallccuvres in 1890, his l11ilitm'Y career w:t. nearly cut ShOl-t; he was riding in real' of the Company, when the fore ('ani age of the ambulance W[l,C'on which was following do e behiud broke, and the fl'ightene(l 1101'so:-; at onc boltecl, Severnl Members of the Bem'or OompnllY wore injured, and Imcl it not have been for the fact that Surgeon-C'a,ptain 1:310m<1n was mounted, tbe subject of our sketeh would nndoubtelUy hil'Ve been killecl; a:::; it was his 1101'::;0 shiod and he recei\'od n, nasty :::;haking , As an a,utho1'ity on IVilitalY Amlmbnce WOl'k, SurgeonCnptain Slemnn hold ' ~t high position, and is the author of Ho\'ol'nl reeognisecl works in connection therewith, amongst which \\'e may mention the c. Volunteer SUl'geons Guide," <1,ml the ' .1\1 mnuJ for the Volunteer 1\J ec1icul Se1'yi('e," he i:::; also joint fLutho1' with B1'igatle Ohief Supel'intenclent OhUl'ch Br;miel', of the" Oflicial D1'ill Manual," for the ~t. J olm Ambulanc Brigade, It may be of int81'est to note that Surgeon-Oaptain S1eJllcm ha:::; iu:::;tnwtctl dose on 200 Volunte r Medical Ofti.<.:el's, including members of tliG Colonial !i'm'ces. In ] H9:1, in r ecognition of hi:::; sP1Tices in cOllneGtioll with the Volnllteel' .Ambuln.nce mOYClllent, tho Onler of St. J olm elected him all IIonorm-y .As~o('iate of the Orclel', a cli:::;tinction whie]1 11<1e1 heen lwne:-;Uy ca1'n el, and which has been wHrmly appreciated by Ilis lolllllteer cOllll'ade::; , A tborough soldiel' nt hea,rL, genial am1 'O lll'teous to all thos :) with W110 111 he may come in contL\,ct, Sm'geon -Cll ptnin SlelUan has Ilmt1e a ]a,rge eire'le of hienc1s \yho I feel sure will join 'w ith me in \vi:-;hing that he may long be spored to help forwl1l'd the movement he 101'e;:; '0 much.

I HEAR that the C .:m feren ce of the Surgeons and Officers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade will be held in Lond on on the last Saturday in February, I t is to be hoped that the PrO\'i:1cial Offi cers will turn up in numbers, so that any matter that concerns them can be fully discussed, I expect more particulars will be gi yen next mon tho

* *

A l\fEM BER of one of the diVi"sions of the .\fetropolitan Corps St. John l\mhulance Brigade: recenLly saw a fowl deposited in a dust heap, apparently dead. On enquiring he found that it had fallen into some pig-wash and the owner thinking it was llOll est, had cast it away, The first-aider however, having obtainei permission, took it in to his own hOllse d,nd PClt it into hot water, with the result that the fowl is as well as e\'er, Did he try artificial respiration? *-

'" CO~lI'ETlTJO~. " FRACTURE of t'le thigh, with a severe wound on the outside of the calf." Don't forget this, The day for sending in answers is extended to th e I5th inst, Plelse mark the envelopes" CQmpetition," The Editor tells me that he h'ls wasted a 10L of time opening letters which are answers to this competition ,

THE Direclors of the Olympi1.* Comp'lny, recognising that their Sporting and ;\Iilitary Show is likely to be a big thing, and accepting the old adage that accidents may happen, hal'e applied for and secured the sen'ices of the Metropolitan Corps, St Jor. n Ambulance Brigade,

'" '"

" THE '\fetropolitan Corps have 'accordingly opened an Ambulance Station at Olympia, and I hear that one of their Nl:lrsing Sisters is to be in constant attendance, **

BRAVO! Nursing Sisters, it was* a "happy br ight " when it was decided to incorporate you more fully in the work taken up by your Division, with that of the J'nen of tbe Corps,

* '"

IN this instance, as a proof of the* usefulness of thi.; branch of the Ambulance Service, I may mention that several cases-female patientshaye receil'ed attention at the hands of the Nursing Sisters, who otherwise from a natural modesty on the part of the patients themseh'es, would ha \'e had to be attended to outside.

ONCE more I say, Bra I·O! ~ ursing Sisters, Asone of those who urged your claim to the Brigade, f am proud of you,

* *

I WAS present at the competiLion *gil'en hy the Great i'\ortbern Railway Di\'ision, .\Ietropolitull Corps, St. John i\mbulance Brigade, and witne~sed some really good work, "·ell done, Superintendent Painter! your directors I am sure "i ll"be proud of you, as is your Chief Officer . [ trust that your really good wo(k may be instrumental in securinO' a better Ambulance service all oyer the Great Northern Railway syst~m ,

***

I :-iOT1CEIl tbere was the usual gentleman who made it hard for those who had to lift him in the one man competition, The competitors also seemed to reco.:;nise him , I trust that the fall he recei\·ed did not damaO'e his cranium to any extent, In justice to the individual referred ~ I must s;cy he Look the handling he received in very good parL and act~d as patient on several occasions, '

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Qroo&erJ) for lfnbality~ anty tue $ictt. By

CHEF ROYAL,"

CtUUSDIAS A:-<n 1\£\\. YEAH'S FAHE,-As may be supposed the festive season now upon us is rather a busy time for all employed in the kitchen, and invalids are rather ouL of the runninO'. Broadly it may be belieyed that Christmas catering is mOle likely to prol'oke sick ness than relie\'e it, but this is not so much the fault of the foods as it is the result of overdoing it, 50 to speak. Exces5i\'e hospitality is bad at all Limes, but wben it comes to crowding the stomach with all manner of indigestible foods without rhyme or mere reason than the desire to make guests uncomfortable through indi screet generosity, then 1 repe;ct, this season of the year is no time for il1l·alids. But "e ha\'e OLlr in\'fditls with us all the same, and as they wou ld feel neglected if we had no special high-feeding" for them, let me advise you that there is no re:tson why an il1l·alid should not go in for Christmas Or Xew Year's cheer as well as the best among you, pro\idcd special little treats are prepared for the delicate digestion and capricioll appetite,* *()ur editorl\ill vel)' likely ob~ene here that [ am a number latefor introducing thi. subject. It may be so as for this year but not for the next,. and the di fficulty eXI~erienced this year in prOVIding generous fare lor our dear sufferers \\Ill make us more eager to know what may be done in the future .

' Ftksrr

No doubt some will have ventured upon a tiny piece of roast turkey from the breast, without skin and cut thin; btlt on the illside of the breastbone will be found two little fillets (mini on fillets), which are very sweet and tender, and not har.d or stringy as the outer fillets almost always are. These are especially suited for delicate persons, and may be sen'ed with a little" seasoning" made by picking off two teaspoon fuls of the Jea\'es of a sprig of fresh parsley (there is always a bit to be got in the garden), and p~und it in a mortar until it is pasty. To this add two or three drops of lemon juice and one drop of essence of lemon, a little salt (about as brO'e as a big pea), a piece of buller as large as a small hazel nUl, and stal~ bread crumbs acout as large as a pullet's egg. Pound away aO'ain until it is all thoroughly incorporated, and put it in an egg cup or ~mall dariole mould, or a little patty or biscuit tin, and let it warm in th e O\·en. lf it browns a little on the top it will be all the nicer. There you baye turkey and stuffing j a little bonil sen'ing a "ery tasty and digestible gra\'y. A little \'ery t.ender seakale, which has been boiled in "ater, slightly acidulated "ith lemon juice or "hite "inegar (this makes it crisp). and a midget slice of white bread forms a "ery tasty plate, and is easily digested at any time. 'ow for a plum pudding-What ~hall we do about that? Stew in "'ater two or three large FretlCh plums, and bake a large cooking apple. '''ben the plums are tender and s\\ollen fully, rub tbem througb a fine sieve. ,"\'hen the apple is quite soft rub tbat also through the sieve, and you will then ha\'e finely divided pulp only. Soak in warm milk a large bandful of breadcrumb, and afterward squeeze nearly dry. Put this in a basin ,lith a piled dessert spoonful of tbe plum pulp and half that quantity of apple. Work together wi th a fork, adding til 0 or three drops each of almond and lemon or orange fia\'ouring, and a piled teaspoonful of fine caster sugar. Beat this for a time and tben add the "hite of an egg. Beat up freely until tbe pudding is \Yell mixed, or if you lIke to make it brOll'n do so with liquid caramel. Pour into a breakfast cup, small basin, dariole mould or jar, and place in a stell'pan of coiling \later. Make a small circular flat wreat.h of holly leaves and berries, and put it O\'er the pudding so as to rest on the edge of tbe plate. This completes the illusion. A very tasty mincemeat may be made with the pulp of the fruit, a little apple and essence of orange or lemon, sweeten with caster sugar. The addition of a feIY drops of port, sberry or brandy may be accOlding to doctor's orders. Tbe crust for the invalids mince-pies should be plain flour and water with a triAe of salt, worked on the board by a ~ort of chopping action of the pin until it is soft and resembling the consistence of putty. Roll out \'ery thin (one sixth of an incb), put little balls of mincemeat at equal distances over half the fla:, wipe round with lIet paste brush, cover the other half oyer tbe balls, and cut out each with a small saw cutter. Bake very lightly in a quick oven, and if cleverly done, the edges being securely sealed, they will puff up beautifully. T he crust is just like a thin biscuit.

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~oIttntffr gmuuI;mte ~d)ooI

of tustnu:tioll.

THE sixteenth distribution of prizes of the School took place at a concert held at the Banqueting Hall, Crosby Hall, E.C., on Saturday, D'ecember 7th. Lieut.-Genera l i\Ioncrieff gave away the prizes, and the president of tre School, Major Andrew Maclure, occupied the chair. The old Bal. queting nail-built in I 346-was filled with officers and men from almost every regiment of Yeomanry and Volunteers in tbe Borne District, and presented a very interesting and unique spectacle. l\Iajor Maclure, in speaking of the work of tbe School during the past year, said that the classes generally had been well attended, a large num ber :had obtained proficiency certificates, bringing up the number of officers who had thus qualified for promotion to close upon 200. Officers from tbe Colonies, includl11g Australia and tbe Cape of Good Hope, had also joinedJfor a course of instruction. A new feature in the work with regard to first aid classes had been the introduction of lectures on nursing and duties in military hospitals. Lieut. · General.\10ncrieff, in presenting the prizes, congratulated the team of the London Rifle Brigade on having carried off by the narrow margin of one point the bandsome Challenge Bowl presented to the School by Surgeon-Major-General J. B. Hamilton, M.D., late P.M .O. Home District. Surgeon -Major H. F. Stokes, Chief In structor, also spoke, and testified to the excellent support which he bad received from the staff of the School. A most enjoyable e\'ening was spent, and the concert, which had been arranged by Surgeon-Captain R. R. Sleman, and Col.-Sergt. C. J. Downer, included several interesting items, such as-A display by the l\1iddlesex Yeomanry Cavalry, Lochaber Sword Dancing by London Scottish R.V., Indian Single Sticks and 16th century Fencing by the members of the London Rifle Brigade, under Ca ptain Hutton. The official Inspection and Examination of the present large class took place at the head quarters of the London Rifle Brigade, on M onday Dec.9th. Surgeon-~Iajor H. J. Robbins, Army IVledical Staff, was tbfl senior Examiner, and he was accompanied by Surgeon-Captains R. Jackson, Coldstream Guards, and W. J. Smyth, Grenadier Guards. After the inspection in line, the parade was formed in column of corn-

A I D.

[January, 189S.

panies and marched past, after which the whole of the stretcher and hand seat drill was gone through . Each member of the chss then hau a searching examination in first aid. At tbe conclusion line was reformed, and urgeon-l\Iajor Robbins said :-" Surgeon-;';lajor Stokes, officers, non -commissioned officers and men, I am ycry pleased, indeeu, with tbis class . I shall recommend every member of it for the Army Ambuhnce certificate. Iy colleagues and myself have carefully ex· amined you, and \"e find the same standard of excellence throughout." Surgeon-i\[ajor tokes, Chief Instructor of the School, baving thanked Surgeon-Major Robbins for his remal ks, announced that the next class will be held at the Artists' R.\'. lIead (juarters, cornmencing on \Vednesuay, February 5th, at 7.30 p.m. Thefollowingmember60fthe School ba\'e recently passed the profi. ciency examination for Volunteer i\1edical officers, conducted bytbe Army Medical Staff at the head qllarters of regimental and other distri cts, thus earning the bigher grant for their corps, and becoming entitled to promotion after completing the neressal yperiou of sen'ice : Surgeon . Lieut.-Cols. F W. Humphley~, V.D., F. R.eS., 15 th 1iudlesex (the Customs and l>orks) R.\'.; T. R. Pearson, V.D., i\1.D., lSI. orth Riding of Yorkshire, V.A.; A. Wilson, V.D., 2nd \-.l:3. -orth um berland Fusiliers; Surgcon ·Majors T. F. Fleetwood, ;';1. B., F.R.C.S.I., Victorian i\lilitary Forces, . Australia; F. Orton, :\l.D ., 3rd Middlesex R.V.; urgeon Cafltains D. Stewart. Ist \ ' .B. Nortl:umberland Fusiliers; H. G. Asb\\'ell, Robin Hood, RY. ; W. R. Wood, M.A., i\I.D., 1st v.n. Cheshire Regt. j H. 1larriolt, :\1. B., 4th V.B. Chesbire Regt.; R. Batterbury, M.D., 2nd \'.n. 13edfordshire Regl. ; H. J. ;'II ackay, i'lI.D., 2nd V.13. Wiltshire Regl.; J. W. Hodgson, Ht De\'onsbire V.A. ; J. S. Fonest, 2nd :"'orthumberland (Percy) V.A. ; Surgeon-Lieutenants P. i\l. Yearsley, F .R.C.S., 16th i\1 iddlesex (Lond on Irish) R.\'.; G. IIerschell, M.D., M.R.C.P., 22nd Middlesex. (Centl" l London Rangers) R,V,; F. J. Warwick, ;\I.B., <lnd A. C. Tunstall, i\l.D., .F.R.C.S ,Bearer Company East London Volunteer Brigade; T. Brushfield, M.D., and F. IIird, Bearer Company Surrey Vol. Brigade; R. E. South, 2nd V.B. Lincolnshire Regt.; S. A. ;'Ilugford, 2nd \'.13. Essex Regt.; G.McIntyre,M.B.,4thV.B.Sco!.tishRiAesj G. H. WardHumphreys, lIst Glourester Vol. R.E. ; H. W. Laing;, ;';1.D., 1st FifesbireVol. Art.; T . Forrest, M.B., 3rd Lanarkshire H..V.; W. J. Sprott, M.D., Robin Hood R.V.; J. J. O'Hagan, :'11.13., 5th (Iri sl ) V.B. The King's Liverpool Regiment; K . W. J. lackenz'e, 5th (Tsle of vYight, Princess Beatrice's) V.B. the Hampshire Regt.; R. Jackson, i'l1.B., 2nd Lancashire Vol. R.E.; J. H . Stacey, Ist V.B. ;.;'orfolk Regt. j J . B. Stevens, 2nd V.B. (Princess Louise'S) Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders; R. P. ;\Lac , enzie, i\1.13., Ist Sbropshire and St tffordshire \' .A. ; W. A. Bond, \\. t\ , :\1.0., ;';1.R.C.P., 2nd London R.V.; A. Thorne, Ist Cinque Ports R.V. : C. Vise, i'Il.D., Ist V.B. The Queen's Own Royal 'W est Kent Regt.; R. Odell, Ist V.B. Bedfordshire Regiment; W. G. ;\litrhell, I\I.A., M.D., 5th V. B. Th e Gordon Highlanders; lJ. H. du Boulay, 1st Dorsetshire Vol. Art. ; R. Beveridge, M.B., 3rd V.B . Durham L.I.; S. Lodge,:\I D., 2nu V.B. the Prince of Wales' Own West Yorkshire Regl. ; W . .\Iurdoch, M.D., 3rd V.B. The King's Own cottish Borderers; James Taylor, M.D., 6th V.B. The Cordon Highlanders; E. W. St. V. Ryan , 16th Middlesex (London Irish) R.V.; L. E . Shore, 1.A., l.D., Cambridge University Rifles.

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dr'tnn ~ttf It\ecortr. HOLLOWA Y.-On the afternoon of Boxing Day, a man fell in the Seven Sisters Road, fracturing his thigh. The fracture was put up in splints by Police-constable 54 YR. and 371 Y, assisted by a member of the St. John's Gate No. I Division. The patient was removed to the Great ~orthern Central 110spital on the police ambulance. IpSWICH-We have done good work here lately. Messrs, Field and Brereton set a broken forearm to the satisfaction of the hospital authorities. J\f r. Gooderham gave first aid to a man suffering from slight concussion of the brain, and prel'ented raw whisky from being poured down his tbroat. Four members of the corps removed a rheumatic fever patient in tbe Ashford litter to the hospital from the nurse'~ house . Finally the establishment of the Ambulance Corps on the [oolball field has been justified; a player fractured his knee cap, and was instantly attended to and conveyed borne on the stretcher. Mr. Ulph, 1st officer of the Corps, remained with him until the arrival of the medical man, who asked him to stay on and give help until the patient was laid in his bed. I ORTIlA~IPTON. -Num ero us cases bave been rendered by various members of Corps, one of which calls for special mention. On No\'. 26th, a lad uine years of age was playing with a gun when the weapon exploded, the bullet entering the temple of a servant girl, first aid was rendered !:>y Sergeant Beale, the bleeding sto?ped and the patient carefully conveyed to the Infirmary, where she lay unconscious for over a fortnigbt, but is now progressing satisfactorily SEIUOUS ACCIDENT AT \\'1 ' SFOH.D.-Un Thursday, December 14th" during the height of the gale, between nine and ten o'clock, a !nan named Thos. Dav ies, salt boiler, in the employ of the Salt Union, and residing at Clive, met with an accident of a very serious

J anuary, 1896.J

FIRST A I D.

nature. \Vhi lst be was attending to his work, a heavy wooden spar was detached from Lhe top of the roof, and, descending, struck Davies violently upon Lhe bead, knocking him down and crushing his ribs. Mr. IIeathcote (the indebtigable superintendent of the local ambulance corps) was quickly in attendance, and, after bandaging the injured man's ribs, procured a horse and trap, and conveyed bim to his home. Dr. Mcjannet, of :\liddlewich, was called in, and complimented the superintendent upon the very skilful manner in which he had tre:ltecl the pltient. Upon further enquiry, ,ve understand that the inj ured man is in a ratber serious state.

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1Railwa\? Bnlbulnnce. KrNG'S CR03S (G.:\.R.)-This division held its Second Annual competition on Thursday, November 28th, at King's Cross station. In the una voidable absence of the President, Sir Henry O,lk ley, the chair' was laken by the lIon. Reginald Capel, one of the directors, for a portion of the evening, and before leal'ing, he expressed his gratiti.cation at being present, and assured the members that their good work was bighly appreciate(; by the company, and he hoped, if spared, to come among;st them on a future occasion, to remain the whole even ing and take part in the distribution of prizes. He was succeeded by W. H. Elwell, Esq. (Surveyor). The Competition was di vided into two partsone [or teams fro .n any part of the G.N.R. system, and the other [or members of the Division only. For the first portion, eight teams entered :-King's Cross, Sandy, New England, Grantham, Colwick, Ardsley, Laisterdyke, and Louth, and after a stiff test the result was as follows :-I, King's Cross, J21 points; 2, Sandy. 93; 3, Louth, 87. Tbe others running; as under :-Colwick, Laisterdyke, ~ew England, Grantham, and Ardsley. The beaten teams certainly had a doughty opponent in tbe King's Cross team, who had recently won the 1IasseyMainwaring Challenge Cup, and no doubt they will bave learned a great deal by theirvisit, whi ch will be profitable on a future occasion. The winning teams consisted of Supt.T. A. Painter, Se rgeant Hollis and Privates \Ving;fielu, Clark and Daniels, and the Sandy team of Messrs. Simons, Fairhurst, Cowsley, Crisp and Hall. The Competition for tbe King's Cross Division only was subdivideu into tbree parts, viz :-(a) Stretcher drill, fir st aid carrying competi tion ( single handed), artificial respi ration, and I'il'a voce examination. (b) Triangular bandaging. (c) Roller bandaging. For section (A) five teams entered, and some excellent work lI'as done, the winners being 1St Sergeant Badcock, and Privates S. Eildman, Bliss and Daniels; 2nd, Privates Scriven, Betteridge, George, and " Tare. For section (B) 27 members entered, and some splendid bandaging was seen; the first prize was awarded to SerO'eant lIollis; 2nd, Private \Vingfield, and a second test was necessary to decide the best of four competitors [or 3rd prize, tbis hlling to Private Betteridge. For section (C) only [our members faced tbe judges, their duty being undertaken by the Nursing Sisters under Lady Superintendent Church Brasier, superintended by Hon. Surgeon Heaton Howard, and the award was Private Daniels and Wingfield, Ist and 2nd respecti vely. Tbis somewhat lengtby programme was, however, got tbrough in a smart manner, and the prizes were the next objects of attention. The Chairman having had to leave owing to the lateness of the hour, Brigade Chief Superintendent W. J. Church Brasier presided for the remainder of the evening, and on the platform were several representatives of the diffel'ent departments of tt.e Company, with the Bon Surgeon of the Division, Dr. J. Brunton, who was accompanied by Mrs. and l\1iss Brunton, Dr. J. Hoyle, Resident Medical Officer of Gray's Inn, and the officers of the Division, Superintendent T. A. Painter, First Officer and Hon. Sec. G. T. Cooper, econd Officer and lIon. Treasurer H. E. Hankin, Third Officer, E. A. Clear, as well as several officers from the St. John Ambulance Association. The IIon . Secretary ann ounced Ihe results, and 1[rs. Brunton very glaciously distributed the prizes, whicb were given by the Officers of the Great Northern Company. A special prize was given to the man who in the opinion of the Judges was the best all·round ambulance man, and this was awarded to Private J. vVildman. ticket collector at Holloway Station, who rccei"ed loud applause from 'the large audience. A special feature of tbe evening was the presentation of the certiflcates (given by the St. J obn Ambulance Association to the winners of the ~Iassey l\1ainwaring Cup, which stood upon the table), in oak frames, and a si lver medal suitably engrave :l, as a memento of the event, and also to show that they recognised the honour the team had brougbt to the Division and Railway Company, the lIon. Secretary stating it was doubly gratifying to have the Cup this time after losing by one point on ly in 1394, and that after a tie. Superintendent Painter, who had trained tbe team and taken them through the Competition, thanked them, one and all, and hoped they would be able to retain tbe Cup, in future competitions. lIe was sure their lI on . Surgeon was proud to be there that night to see that his work was not in vain, but ratber that his labo urs were appreciated, and bore good fruit; and another officer, the Chairman, had followed their doings during the last two years with a very sbarp eye, and he was led to believe that the result was one of great sa tisfaction to him, inasmuch alLhough one of the youngest di,'isions in the Metropolis they were far from being at the Lottom of the list. The t~am r~ceived hearty plaudits. Votes of thanks were given to Mrs.

Brunton, and acknowledged by Dr. Brunton; to Brigade Chief Superintendent Church Brasier, who repliel stating he was exceedingly please 1 with all he had seen; and to the J ulges, Deputy Commissioner C. Milnes Hey, M.D., :\1. R.C.S., the Bri~ade Chief Superintendent, Chief Superintendent W. II. Morga.n, H on. Surgeon 'V. J. Hunter, :\1.D., and Hon. Sur~eo n Heaton Howard, :\I.R.C.S., of the :\.letropolitan Corps and to the ~ursing Sisters. Representatives from the G.E., ~.L., etc., R1.ilways were oboervel to be present. Valuable assistan ce WlS also given by First Officer Liddell, the Instructor to the Finsbury Park section, and the proceedings were enlivened with music by the G. :'>l'. R. Orchestral Society, under the direction of Mr. Geo. Shlrp, while Messrs. Avill and Smart kindly lent the piano. The offi cers and committee are to be congratulated on the success of the g'1tfJerin'5 and for the arrangements made, which worked without a hitch from beginning to end. The G.:'>l'.R. Di"ision will hold their Fir~t Bohemian Concert on S1.turd1.Y, Febru'1ry 8th, 1896, at 7.30 p.m., at Beale's Restaurant Holloway Road, ';\l'. SO[TTH EASTERN RAfLWAY.-On the 22nd inst., Sir Myles Fenton general m1.nager of tbe Comp:I.I1Y, distributed at Dove r the certificates and badges of the St. John Ambulance As;ociation to mem bers of the class formed amongst the staff of the company in the Dover di strict. There were a large number of the men present. Sir Myles observed that he took very deep interest in the matter, as did all the directors of the Company, and tbe men might d epend upon it, that the Board would do anything they could to promote the spreading of that excellent work. There were already 30 5 servants of the company who were qualified for first aid, and the number of cases officially reported in which this knowledge had been put to a practical use was no less than seventy, showi n~ what useful work had been done. Of this number four were cases of such a nature that death would have intervened if assistan ce bad not been promptly forthcoming. THE LONDON, ':HATHAyl AND DOVER RAILWAY Cu., who have already had a large number of their staff instructed in first aid to the injured under the St. ·John Ambulance Association, are now making arrangements on a larger scale for si milar instruction for the em ployees throughout their system, and we trust that their example may be quickly followed by other railway companies wbo have not as yet fully recognised the great value of ambulance instruction for railway men. GLOUCESTER AMB C LA~CE CLASSES.-(ST. JOHN A~l BU LANCE AssocrA TION)-A. NUAL SHfELD CO:lI PETITTO N.-;-The second annual competition for the Challenge Shield took place at the Corn Exchange, Gloucester, and occupied nearly fottr hour.:; before the judge an nounced the winning team. The Competition was open to all Ambulance Classes in Gloucester, for which eight Corps entered as aO'ainst seven last year, when the sbield was won by the :\Iidland Rail,,~y (Locomotive) Corps. The object of tbe Association is the furtherance of ambulance work in general, and as such has done good work. ~Ir. J. i\I. Collett is the President, Mr. A. Woodward, Vice-President, Mr. Lawrence Buchanan, Hon. Treasurer, and :\lr. F. Stan",:,)" Secretary; while the Secretary of each corps forms the Committee. A platform had been erected in the centre of the large hall for the competition, at whicb there was a large attendance. The judge was Surgeon-~Iajor G. A. Hutton, Org:l.l1iz!ng Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Association. 1Ir. J. fit Collett presided, and with him on the platform were the Revs. II. Proctor and S. R. Robertson, the City High Sheriff(Mr.C.G.Clark),andMessrs.J. Clark,A. Woodward, G. Peters, W. Madge, H. Hunt, and G. F. Warden. Letters of apology for inability to be present were announced from the ;\layor (Mr. A. Estcourt), Mr. James Bruton, ;\II'. G. S. Blakell'ay, and Ir. J. Platt. The competition consisted of demonstrations in head, chest, and shoulder bandage, broken thigb, artificial respirati on, and arterial bleeding, and in the end Surgeon-;\lajor Hutton announced that the winning team was St. Luke's with .J.90 marks out of a possible 500, a result which was recei ved with enth usiastic appla use. The compeli nO' teams and the marks gained were as follows :-St. Luke's, .J.90 marks ~ Whitefield, 430 marks; .\lidland Locomotive, 47 0 marks; Great \Vestern R a ilway, ~o. I, 470 marks; .\Iidland 'Vay and Works, .J.60 marks' i\ l idland Goods, 425 marks; Great 'Vestern Railway, No.2 4 20 m~rks ; St. Nlary-de-Lode, 390 marks. The subjects g~ne through 'were triangular bandage, fractures and stretcher drill, bleedll1g, drowning and first aid questions.

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~t.

jjobn ~mblllan(e ~~~ociation.

TOYNBEE HALL.-Two classes on I\ursing will be given at the above Hall, one for women, by Dr. Alfred EdJowes, M.D., beginninO' 17th January, at 8 p.m., and one for men by Or. W. Black Jones, 11.0. , B.S., L ond., b~g-inning 6th January at 8 p.m. Names to be sent to Supt. W. H, Winny at the IIall. IpSWICH NURSI:\G CORPs .-A very interesting lecture on the eye was given on ;\10nday, December 9th, by i\lr. Sinclair, M.B. This was for members of both corps, by invitation of the nursing corps. The fact tbat we see with our brain not with our e)'es, was speci :tlly brought forward. .

F I RS T

IpSWrCH.-Examinations on the I9th and 20th Decemb::r, are to be conducted by Surgeon Major Ulick J. Bourke, Army r.Iediea l Staff Corps, ·Woolwich. About 60 are eligible for first aid and nursing examinations. ST . JOH:>I'S GATE N'URSr:>lG DrVISION.-On December 28th, the Nursing Sisters belon g-ing to the above di vision, distributed among the poor of St. John's, Clerkenwell, the various articles of warm clothing which ha ve been made at their weekly sewing bee. YORK.-The Nursing Guild in connection with this ce ntre have engaged the services of a Queen's Nurse :-The Hospital, Dec. 28th. T HE DUKE OF CON~AUGHT ON FIRST AlD.-The Duke o( Connaug-ht in the army gymnasium at Aldershot witnessed a display of first aid to the wounded and distributed a large number of c.ertificates to Military Police, Fire Brigade, Artillery and Engineers, members of the St. John Ambulan ce Association. Addressil,g the recipients, he said he was very much pleased wi th the manner in whi ch the non-commi ss ioned officers of different branches of the force came forward to gain certificates. All must see the great use tbat first aid was. There were many instances in which men's lives had been lo!'t through thos~about them having no knowledge. He menti onedasan instan ce acase which occurred in his own house, a man cutting his femoral artery. His carpenter, who had been in the Scots Guards, and through a course, was able to stop the bleeding, and the man has now resumed work Plenty of similar caseS showed the value of the knowledge, and he should fu rther like to point out that when they went back into civilian life they would find it advantageous to ha\'e the knowledge . He had no doubt that throughout the country the Association would grow up, and we should hear yet more about it.

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~t.

Sjobn

~mflulanc£

lSrigabe+

METROPOLITAN CORPS. \VATERLO\\' DrVTSIO;\I'.-An examination of the above took place on Tuesday, Xovember 27th, by Hon. Surgeon Dr. L. Hawkes, on Fractures, Dislocations, H remorrhage and Poiwn (written competition). for prize given by P. H. \'Vaterlow, Esq., the President. The winners were- first . \V. :'IIillard j second, C. Brown j third, II. Lea. Bandaging competition (practic:tl and viva voce)-first prize, \V. Harper j second, A. Hubbard; attendance pri ze , C . Brown. The annual dinner of the various Clubs of \Vaterlow & Sons, Ltd., was held in the Venetian Cham ber at the Holborn Restauran t on Sa turd a y, Decem ber 7th, P. II. \Vaterlow, Esq., in tbe cha ir . In giving the toa~t," \Vaterlow Divi sion of St. John Ambulance Brigade," which was dran k with great enthusiasm, the chairman commented upon the good the \Vaterlow Divi sion had done in the factories of the Company. Accord ing to the (. Record Book" the cases treated numbered over 220 during t he year. He wished the Division every :;uccess, and congratulated the officers on the progres~ made. Superin ten dent S. T. Hi pwel\ suitably 1 esponded, after which the prizes were presented by the President, and a very enjoyable evening was spent. PROVIXCTAL CORPS. ~ORTHA~IPTON.-A very successful concert and dance was held by the Kingsthorpe Division on the 2r st of N'ovember, the Chief Superintendent and several members of the head quarters Division being present. Over fifty spent a very enjoyable eveniug.-.'I. concert was held by the Earl's Barto. Division in aid of the funds of the D ivisi on, which realized over £10. It was patronized by a numerous and influential company.-A concert and dance was hdd ,It Duston on 28th Tovember to provide funds [or a dinner a nd tea to the aged people of the village at Christmas. Over 100 spent a m os~ pleasant evening. This Divi sion has received an accession to its st rength of about fifteen men.-,\ most successful concert was held by the Ecton Di vision of this Corps on 9th Decemher, in aid of the funds of the Division, and was patronized by :'lajor-General Sotheby and party, the Rev. Von Ellrodt, Rev . R. R. Cobbold (Earls Barton Divi sion) Chief Superintendent Pefl'Y, Staff-Sergeant Reeves and others from l'\orthampton, Superintendent Thorpe (Earls Barton) and many others. The weekly drills of the head quarters Di vision at Northampton have been exceptionally well attended for this time of the year, and reports of "ell attended drills and good work by the County Divisions are to ha nd.-TransportService : There have been recently seven cases of transport. One case from Hunstanton to Cosgrove, ::\'orthamptonshire, and another from Cately Huts on the line being constructed by the :\1. S. & L. Railway being worthy of special mention, great credit being due to the officers and men, who in each case had to cope with unusual difficulties. The new pneumatic tyred Ambulance Carriage, capable of carrying- three stretchers, built by :-Ir. Clark of Aberdeen, waS well tested on nnd N'ovember, being driven over thirty miles with doctor, patient, dri\'er and three attendants over a ro.ld freshly sto neJ, wi th the minimum of discomfort to the patient. There was no sign of scratch or puncture on any of the tyres.

AI D.

.FIRST AID •

[Jannal'Y, 1896.

mrtll ~rber~. VOLUNTEER Al\1BULANCE SCHOOL OF INSTRUCTlO Presi. cl(}nt.-MA]OR A;-;DREW :\IACLURE, late L.S.R.V. OI/ic(}s.-7 , SL. Ben et Place, Gr.lcechurch Street, E.C. ORDERs.-The next class fOI' the tr;tining of regimental stretcher l:earers will be held at the lIe.td QUclrlers of tbe 20th Middlesex (Artists') R.V., by permi ssion of Colonel R . W. Edis, V.D., commanding, commencing on \iVednesd.1Y, February 5th, 1896, at 7.30 p.m. Officers, non-commissioned orficers and men who are efficient can now obtain application forms at 7, St. Benet P lace , Gracechurch Street, E.C. By Order. II. F. STOKES, Surgeon-Major, A.M. R., Senior Medical Officer Ins tructor.

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~Ipine ~CCil1t'llt5~ STATISTICS collected by a Swiss writer seem to show that Alpine climbing is not so d,tngerous as is generally s upposed. The number of persons killed annually in making ascents is, he declares, 41 , but there is a tendency to decrease, a nd dUling 1894 the number of htal accidents was only 37, although climhing has ne\'er been so much in fashion at any previous period. The writer, who is himself an enthusiast for climbing, declares that even of these 37 accidents there were I4 in whi ch the \ ictlm s were guilty of gross care lessness or imprudence, and that with regard to four others details are altogethe r unknown. These facts, he considers, reduce the number of genuine non-preyentible accidents to 19.

- -- -:0: - - -M. BERTHELOT was i\Iinister of Publi c In str uction in the Goblet Cabinet. His discoveries of physico-chemical laws of heat were alluded to at a meeting as having given work to Governments all the world over. Berthelot 1S of an old Jansenist family of Paris. His dream is heat being supplied from below the earth's surface for industrial purposes, and chemical foods taki1~g the place of those ~\ e now consume. And yet nobociy regards him as Utopian.

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCID E NTS Will be paid to the Representatives of the purchaser of FIRST AID in case of death as provided below,. by T he S ic k nes s an d A cci d e nt Assuran ce A ssociation , L td . Head Office :-24, YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH. London Office :-64, MOORGATE STREET, LONDON, E.C. To whom notice of Claims under the following conditions must be sent WITHIN THREE DAYS. A pplicab le 'to P a s sen ge r Trai ns i n G r e at Bri t ain & I re l a n d. ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by the above Insurance Company to the Legal representati ves of an y person killed by an acciden t to the train in which the deceased was an ordinary passenger, or who shall have been fatally injured thereby, should death result within 24 hours after such accident. Provide d that at the time of such accident the person so killed or fatally inj ured was the owner of FIRST AID for the current month, containing this Coupon legibly signed with his or her usual signature in ink or pencil, both time and signature being of the essence of the contract.

£1 0D

Signature ...... ._.

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Address ..... .......... .. .. ...... .. ..... ... ......................................... .. This Insurance is limited to one Coupon to each holder, and is not invalidated by any Insurance with thi.s.or any other Accid~nt ,Com1?any. It is subject to the ordinary con~ltl~ns of the AssoclatlOn s Acclden.t Policies, and is in force from midnight, 1st Jan uary , r896, until midnight, 1st February, r89 6 .

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Priuted for the Proprietors by W. J. G OODlI, 88, Clerkenwell Road, and p ublished by ALAN l' Af,~um aOll REED, 11. Ludgate Hill, B.C.

A No. 20.

~ir

JOURNAL

V OL . II.

DEVOTED

[Entel'ed at Stationers' Hall.]

AMBULANCE

FEBRUARY, 1896.

Vinrent 1lennett=l)arrington in V ene2uela.

A CORRESPO. DE~T has sent us the following extracts from a letter. dated, Caracas, January 7th, which will p:ove of great lOterest to our readers. After regrelting hIS long abs,ence from the ambulan~e work in England and express1l1g the pleasure the receIpt of copies of FmsT AID affords him, Sir Vincent says the columns of the paper show the mighty progress that is being made in the spreading of ambulance teaching all over the country. . O?e good result has followed from my absence, the slgmI1.g of the Geneva Convention by Venezuela) and the E;stabllshment of a Red Cross Society on a firm basis with the very best men in Venezuela upon its Council. i. have myself drafted the statutes and selected those of the French, Spanish, Italian) and Argentine as models, taking what was best out of each; these were formally approved by a Government Decree. I also have drafted the Reglament~ Interior, or Regul~tiolls , which provide for all the. dutIes of. G~neral M~etll1gs, Council, Executive CommIttee) Prov111cIal Committees Ladies' Committees and the President's, Treasurer'~ Storekeeper's a I1d' . S ) , Secretary )s dutles, tate of 'Val' and Ambulance Classes the last founded upon the St. John Ambulance model~ In t.he e countries every possible duty has to be provided for 111 the Reglamentos, so its compilation was a work of great l~bour. However, they have passed the Council, and a llltle book prefaced by a memo on the Red Cross ~nd containing copies of Statutes and Reglamentos is now 111 the Press. vVe have had two courses of first aid which I attended personally j one in the University by Dr. Villavicencio the ~ector, and ~he other at the Railway Station by Dr..Rlsqyez, an emll1ent Surgeon, and Vice-Rector of the UI1lVerslty. VIe hope to arrange one soon for the Germa~l employes on the Gran Com pia, and one at the Cathohc Club . I founded the Society during the Cen~enary of General Sucre, one of the heroes of the war of 111~e'pendenc~, and famous for h~s generosity and magnamll1lty to hIS wounded enemIes at a time when the Spanish gave no quarter. Sucre was deyoted to the Irish officers who formed most of his staff. By the Venezuelan Constitution Art. I c;:o the" RiO'hts ' " app 1y particu . 1ar1y . -' ,of civil war! b of rN atlOns 111 'the case So the Venezuelan Society is amply protected in such a case, by ~he Governmen t having formally adhered to the ~onventlOn, and thus recognised its proYisions to b~. m cluded in the" Directios de Gentes." W e h ave had a lively time of late :-upsetting of a pair of Cabinets, a R evolution, an Earthquake and now the Frontier Fever. 1!nited States agitators g'ot the Venezuelans v~ry hot agamst . ~ngland, most insolent speeches denouc.mg us poo: Bntishers were yelled from many a statue m th e pubh c squ~res, and some thought that the h al:dful of us h ere were m danger of personal molestation or 111?ult. e all yyent about our business as usual, and nothmg amISS has h appened.

'!I

'WO RK . PRICE ONE PENNY.

~ i(rofl e=~Dofl ia . To the Editor of" FIRST AID." SIR,-I have read in your last issue an article on II Microbe·Phobia"

i~ which your contr ibutor attempts to upset the germ theory of the

disease. He commences by attacking II science" and seems to forget that that word means II k~lOwledge accurately expressed," and also shows that the knowledge he himself possesses is far from accurate. . It is essenti'lIly ~he province of the modern scientist to assert nothing tlll he. has pro\'ed It by repeated experiment. The method in- vogue in the middle ages was to quote ancient authorities, sLlch as Hippocrate:;1 Galen, Celsus, &c., and to found the treatment of disea.se on elaborate ~heori~s deduced from these opinions. The ancients did not attempt. to ll1vestlgate for themselves the physiological processes of the body, until a new era was opened by the discovery of the circulation of the blooq by Harvey. Thi s was followed by the in vention of the microscope by Leeuwenhoek, who also obsen'ed animalculre and microbes in water ' Howe~er, very little work was done in the science of Bacteriology till the m.lddle ?f t~e present century, since when a host of observers have been 1I11'estlgatll1g the su bj eet. Your ~ontributor ~ttempts to resuscitate the theory of Spontaneous GeneratlOn, long sl.nce dead and buried. peaking of the mineral matter. to b~ found 111 the earth, he says, II if minerals can form themsel ves Into d1amonds, .rubies, and all manner of crystals and other things, w.hy doubt that organisms can be formed with a similar facility?" He glyeS us no fncts that' he has observed himself, but qualifies everything by " I.f II anu II might," such is the accurate knowledge he pretends tb. . T~ls theory ;"as advocated many years ago by Dr. 1\eedham, but the claSSical expenments. of Spalbnzani, Schulze, Pasteur, <Iud TyndalL c.ompletely destroyed It. They showed that the subjection of solids or !JqUl~S (suc~ as meat, broth, &c.), to the action of heat or certain chemicals, kllled all the germs present, and if mean~ were taken to pre\'ent the access of other germs from the ai r, these bodies would not decompose nor. would any fre~h germs arise, however long they were . keI?t. I haye 111. my pos~es51O~ several tubes containing broth, &c., which have remamed ~~enl.e (u. Wlth?ut. any growth of germs) for several months. Famlbar Instances eXist m the case of tinned meats &c., \\'hi~h will.keep indefinitely if properly ~repare.d, b~t if not so pre~ pared! \l'dl admit O'erms and decon;pose, causlllg pOlsonmg when eaten. .Thi S &,erm theory has been appheu t9 two great branches of medicine. Firstly, m surgery enormous strides ha\'e been made durinO' tbe last twenty y.ears o~\,ing.:o the introduction of antiseptics, the suc~ess of the surgeon 111 Sa\'lng hfe ll1creasll1g e\'e ry year as bacteriologica l methods are better Ul:derstood. Formerly t~e death rate in some hQspitals from b.lood pOlsonll1g was enorm?us, the Sl111 plest operation (perhaps invoh'ing_ the puncture of a small knife) was often followed by suppuration [eyer a.nd e\'en de~Lb, ~his being due to wme septic disease, i.e., the int;·od uc • . bo~ of certall1 m1crobes. Elaborate dressings were de\'ised, and the klllfe. was dlsc~rtled for the c~ustic, but no purpose, the death rate remall1ed as high as ever. Sll1ce Bactenology has supplied us with a knowledge of antiseptics, this fatality has almost disappeared, and the surg~on who would now neglect the teachings of science I\'ould be consldered guilty of manslaUGhter if his patient died. ~ir John Erichsen gives some figures as to the mortality after amp_ uta,tlOn . Out of 377 cases treate.d before the introd~cti~n of antiseptics, there ,,:ere ~ 10 deaths, 99 of which were due to septic diseases. Under the antlseptlc treatment out of 321 cases (of which 14 died) only 4 were fata I from septic diseases. Operations, which woul~ ha\'e been almost universally fatal 30 years ago, are now performed dady at every large hospita l with O'reat success and sa v.ing of lif~. It has ~een esti~11at~d that Sir Spen~er "Vells, by performmg operations on patients which In former days would always have ended fatally, has pr~longed their combined li\'es by 20,oooyears. Such are the results follo\l'll1g On the researches of Pasteur and Lister. Secondly, your contribut or scoffs at Professor Koch and his investiO'ations on Cholera.'" IJ e s~ems to fOI:aet that ~he marvellous impro~e ment In the sa nitary conditIOn of thiS country 1S due to modern scientific research in general , and in particular to the work of Parkes, Buchanan and others. The recen t adoption of the Pasteur filter. in the French army has banished typhoid fever, since until its introduction this disease was very prevalel1t and fatal.

~ lYe mu st confess to having read this part of ow' contributor's <J.nlcle with a very diffe rent interpretation I-Etl.

FIRST

Your contributor seems to sneer at the microbe."'''' If he is not afraid of it, let him prick his finger with a needle on which are some bacilli of anthrax or tetanus (lock-jaw), I would then advise him to speedily make arrangements for his funeral. In your article on " Jerry Building," another contributor, apparently of the same mind as the former, quotes a "practical builder" on the subject of sanitation, thinking perhaps that his opinion is of greater value than that of the scientist. The builder says, "instead of looking entirely to anti-toxic precautions the medical authorities should join hands with the sanitary authorities and fight the cause, unless they have learned to regard the jerry builder as a valuable friend or ally." This, Sir, I regard as a slur on the medical profession. Have not all our sanitary reforms been at the initiation of the profession, have not their researches as described above been the direct cause of these reforms, and resulted in a great annual saving of life? In conclusion, Sir, if we are to advpt your contributors' theories we shall soon have an enormous increase of our dea th rate from preven ti ble diseases, and especially in our hospitals the mortality would be many times what it is at present. I trust that your readers will see the enormous debt humanity owes to modern scientific research, and especially to the illustrious names of Pasteur and Lister. I am, &c., W. BLACK JONES, M.D., B.S. (Lond.), YallUa1')' 18th, 1896. Hon. Surgeon, ~t. John Ambulance Brigade. [It is always with a feeling of regret that an editor finds himself called upon to take any part in a friendly discussion conducted in the columns of his paper. In this instance, however, we haye inserted the above letter which purports to be a controversion of some of the arguments advanced by our contributor in his articles on" Microbe-Phobia." VJ'ithout expre~sing any opinion upon the merits of the arguments themselves either one way or anothf'r, it is incumbent upon us in an editorial capacity to discourage unnecesS'ary personalities. Having the greatest confidence in our contributor's ability to hold his own, we have trusted much to his amiable discretion not to return invective for invective. Under other circumstances we should decline to insert any correspondence containing opinions discourteously expressed. Our contributor is to be congratulated upon his able defence and moderation.-Ed.] MR. EDITOR. Please accept my gratitude for the courtesy by which I am enabled to comment upon your correspondent's attack upon me, and reply to such arguments as it may contain, in the same issue as the letter appears. This i~ a very judicious arrangement which your readers shauld fully appreciate. At the outset I must protest against the use of personal invect ive in which your correspondent so. freely indulges, and the intolerant spirit in which the entire letter is couched. Personalities, especially when they are directed against an undisclosed individual, are nat evidence.<; of wisdom, any more than positivism and intolerance are conducive to scientific discussion and research. Whilst fully sensible of the respect paid to a great name and its weighty influence in discussion, I must ask you to permit. my article to remain" un signed," more particularly because I am afraId that any name less than that of Pasteur or Liste l would have no weight with your correspondent who is so justly proud of his ?wn qualification, newly acquired I should imagine. Let him console hImself WIth the assurance that the writer of" Microbe-Phobia" is not an adversary altogether unworthy of his steel. ~our corre~p~ndent sets o.ut on. his self-inflicted task of criticising my artIcles, by lImItIng the dISCUSSIOn to the " germ theory of disease" which he, most erratically, accuses me of attempting to upset. I am afraid that h,e has not read my article with that careful attentian one expects from a cri tic, or that I have not succeeded in making myself qui te plain to his understanding; in either case, Mr. Editor, I trust I have been more successful with your other readers whose minds are not overcrowded with scientific learning. It is quite natural for your correspondent, a doctor of medicine, to limit the discussion to " the germ theory of disease," but although r accept his challenge to meet him on his own ground, I must record the fact that as a chemist I am called upon to consider the microbe as associated in every shape and form, and its influence over or~anic ~uncti.ons of every ki~d, whether of health. or d?sease, life or death WIth whIch mll:robes are assocIated, but more espeCIally In my case in fermC1ltatio71s and decompositz'oll, this latter word being used in its broadest chemical sense. Your correspondent, somewhat vaguely, accuses me of "attacking science," whether adversely, or as a matter of investigation, I am not in a position to decide. If adversely, then I am afraid he is calculating upon making an easy slaughter of a lunatic; but, if he accuses me of " attacking science" as a deep and prolific study, I am with him there and thank him for the compliment which no other part of his lettel~ implies.

** Vole cannat understand to what part of our contrfbutor's article this r~f~r~.-Ed,

A I D.

[February, 189G.

I would here suggest th:lt his reference to Hypocrates, Galen, Celsus, and others is somewhat off-handed, for even though they be" ancients" to us, they were shining lights in their day; and, further, t.he time shall come when the enlightenment of P aste ur and Lister will be eClipsed, and further generations of doctors will dub, even your enlio-htened correspondent, an " ancient" and smile at his li ttle conceitsthat is to say ifhis previous existence is known to future generations. \Ve live in an age of sc ientific discoYeries, when the word" theary" prevails over" fact." The" germ theory af disease" is but a theory even yet, in spite of the" host of observers who have been investigatin g the subject." Unfortunately" repeated experiments" have not yet succeeded in converting these theories into facts; but they have in many insta nces succeeded in controverting what were before regarded as established theories. Need I give your correspondent any better example of this than he has before him in the progress and advancement of the medical profession? Harvey discovered that blood circ ulated through the arteries and not air as was previously believed, thus upsetting one theory by an ascertained fact; but since then theories have been set up and tumbled to pieces one after the other with such rapidity that it must sometimes occ ur to the weary investigator that his labours were surely in vain. He seeks to establish a fact, but sets up a theory instead. A theory also be it remembered, that is but a theory after all, and amenable to scientific attack and discussion. The" germ theory of disease" may in time to come, by dint of new lights, ripen into an incontrovertible fact; but at present it is bllt a theory, and therefore subject:o further in vestigl:..tion and discussion. This statement will appeal to the matured minds of the medical profession, who, whilst making daily use of the valuable information supplied by Pasteur, Duclaux (Pasteur's succe~sor) and others whose names I could mention, and with some of whom I have the privilege of friendly intercourse, have proved by practice, not that the theory is yet completed into a fact, but that in spite of its yielding satisfactory results under certain experiment, there is still a something wanting to render its practice perfect. If this were not so disease would be practically in the hands of the medical and surgical professions, and instead of there being exceptions to the rule, nane could exist if preca uti ons were adequately carried out, as no doubt they would be under the guidance of su ch masters of learning as Erichsen, Li ster and others prompted by the investigations of chemists, and assisted by such enthusiatic positivists as your correspondent. As it stands at present according to Elichsen-I quote your correspondent-the saving of life effected since the use of antiseptics in surgery is from 99 out of 377 to + out of 321. Verily are markable praof of the value of antiseptics in surgery; but, how about the +? If these 4 deaths were due to negligent practice, then I quite agree with your correspondent that the surgeon and his assistants would be wurthy of indictment of manslaughter. That even 4 out of 32 I do die from blood-poisoning without the surgeon being indicted for manslaughter leaves the question still open to discussion as to how even this small average can be abnegated. The spread of infection is another topic which has not yet been conclusi vely dealt with, although I am fully inclined to believe, with your correspandent, that we ale on the right track, especially with regard to our sanitary improvements. But we have a lot of work before us yet, and it may inlerestyour correspondent to learn that even I, your despised (by him !) contributor, have added my mite to the general welfare, by a " discovery" which led to a somewhat lengthy correspondence of approval betwixt Ionsieur Pasteur and my humble self. Your correspondent accuses me of an attempt ,( to resuscitate the theory of Spantaneous Generation, long since dead and buried." If I am not mistaken your correspondent would mean "spontaneous creation" or the creation of something out of nothing. Spontaneous generation, or germination in its literal sense, is to be met with throughaut the world. The term spontaneous does not accurately express the mean ing or intention, unle ss it may be accepted as referring to a voluntary or involuntary result following an actual cause. I should like to explain here, Mr. Edita.r, for the in struction of your general readers-your correspondent's acquirements place him superior to any instruction-that a crysta l is formed out of mat~er by a force or combination of forces that have not yet been identified by chemists. Neither have chemists up to the present been able to find out the force or forces that enable or compel a little seed to germinate a nd develope into a plant with its roots, sturdy stem, branches, leaves, flowers, shape and colour, spots, lines, and other beauties, and to gather from the earth and air the wonderful perfumes or otherwise, that sometimes add to their marvellous construction. Cell by cell this is worked out fram the cells of the seed-is this what your correspondent calls" spontaneous generation ?" or does he wait for the Dower to fruit and the seed to form, and call that spantaneous generation? That something can be created out of nothing · is an altogether untenable "theory" if you care to grace it with such a significant name, and met its deserved fate almost from its initiatian, and was, let us hope, decently buried, with t his memorable inscri ption upon its tombstone ex nilu'lo mixi!.fit. Why should your correspondent resurrect it? Surely my suggestion that if out of suitable matter crystals can be formed by unknown powers, and flowers can grow from seeds developing !,.lnder the influence a.nd guidance atsa. of known and unknown powers,

February, 1896_J

FIRST

"microbes" as tbey are called, might take form under the influence also of unknown }Jowers, provided a ll things were convenient and suitable, could not suggest that as any attempt on my part to resuscit ate that which has been proyed to be absurd! Your co rrespondent will remind me that crysta ls are inorganic and that plants are organic. I will accept that classification as one of the axioms of chemistry; but it must be admitted that the chemical constituents of an organic growth are inorganic when deprived of vitality. The work of the microbe is to reduce organism or organic matter whether vitalised or dead to its original elements to render it inorganic. It therefore gains for itself by that simple function a position almost, if not quite, unique, and to a certain extent intermediary between organic and inorganic creation. I t will not be tonvenient at this time to extend my remarks up on this subject to any great length, a lthough at a future time I hope to approach the matter once more, when I shall be pleased to read any lucubrations from your correspondent brought to his o\\'n knowledge by the" repeated experiments" of his own conducting; ar, far that matter, we might be interested in the skilful deductions he has I1Iadefrom the teaching of others. Will he enlighten us as to the origin of disease? Will he give us his views upon the" spontaneous generation" af a hitherto unknown disease? If a certain disease is due to a certain germ what was the condition of that germ before it created the new disease. Take the "germ" a f Diphtheria, Rotheln, or any other disease that has come to light in recent years, or any of those that have had a beginn ing. Can your correspondent enlighten ~he readers of F1RST AID as to how these diseases originated, and how it comes to pass that the history of infection is generally so difficult to trace, and is more often than not merely a matter of conjecture? Persanally I like the" t;erm theory" of everything-; it would so simplify all the numerous functions of organic life if it could be solidly relied upon; but we must not shirk the question if a certain microbe has generated a certain disease, what has generated the microbe? The germ theory is but a theory still, and will remain so until the germ has been traced to its origin, and when will that be? I have studied with the microscope under Lionel Beale, I have attended the chemical practice of Lister, Wood, Fergusan, and others too numerous to mention, and have corresponded with Pasteur. For the past quarter of a century I have carefully kept pace with the times, and stud ie d closely every new phrase of microbic discovery; but, although my duties of life compel me to deal with microbes in actual existence and activity , I cannot resist now and again casting a longing look in the direction pointed out by that quesfio 111!Xata (What created microbes. " If it will not weary your readers I will refer to that remark in my article (No.2) which seems to have fired the blood of your correspondent : " Su ppose tha t a certain microbe has the power to cause a certain disease, what we want to know is which was the first created? \Vas the disease created before the microbe associated with it, or was the microbe created before the disease? " Treated as a discussion this subject should form the basis of an excellent and most interesting debate, in which others besides" your correspondent" would have the opportunity of shining, if he has any light to throw upon it, but, it would be ad\'isable for your correspondent to give your contributors credit for possessing as much intelligence as himself, until he has reliable e\'idence to the contrary. In his might, then, he would probably be merciful and avoid personal invective. I trust you will excuse me in future, if I decline to notice any criticisms upon my writings that are of a personal character, and unaccompanied by something stronger than feeble animadversions. There are so few points of any importance in your correspondent's letter that I have been in a measure unable to take it in detaiL That the tubes of sterilised broth have undergone 110 change for six months cannat be shown until they are opened, and then your correspondent must not be surprised Lo find that the broth is 1I0t so fresh as when it was sterilised and hermetically sealed . The explanation of that is to follow. I t is an old fashioned experiment out of which the bottom was knocked twenty or more years ago. J uuging from his allusion to this, I think my next contribution on the subject af Microbe-Phobia ought to interest him. But I gather that he is keenly sensitive, in which case, as I may have offended his dignity, it is just possible he may blunt his perception to my arguments and his mind to my reason. From any ather than a doctor of medicine the following wou ld be gratesque. Alluding to the articles on "Jerry Building" a. practical builder is quoted as guilty of saying "instead of look ing entirely to anti-toxic prec,tutions, the medical authorities should join hands witb the sam'tal')' authorities and fight t he cause (presumably of sanitation) ullless they have lem'ned to regard fill! jenJI-bltllder as a 1Ia/uab/e jriend ami ally." Your learned correspondent treats this little harmless sally as follows: " Thzs, Sir, J regard as a slur O1l [the medical professioll." I am afraid your correspondent is rather thin-skinned, and that other members of the medi cal profession will scarcely appreciate such quixotic championship. Apologising for the length of this communication, and trus ting that it may be not altogether barren of interest. I beg to subscribe myself, faithfully yours, THE WRITER OF I< MrGROBE-PBOnIA."

AID. drir~t ~ib ltecor~.

BRADFORD.-During the year 1895 members of the Bradford Corps have rendered first aid in a considerable number of cases, and in more than one have done not a little to secure the recovery of the patient, or even to save life. The most serious cases dealt with are the following : On February 5th a young m~n, name unknown, who, while skating at Bradford Manor Park, sustained a severe scalp wound; on February 8th J ohn Golden, living in a lodging-house in Adelaide Street, sustained a simple fracture of a leg. S. Field successfully applied remedies in both cases. On May 20th G. H. Bywater, of Low Moor, received injuri es by the fall of scaffolding at t he Sir Robert Peel Hotel. G. A. Keighley assisted in the removal of the patient to the Infirmary, the necessary precautions to avoid ill-effects from the removal were taken by him. On June 8th Mr. Kn eesh,lw, Church Hill Cricket Club, received an incised wound over the left eye. G. A. Keighley stop ped hccmorrhage. On June 20th J am~s Rowley ~itts, of 19, -ewham Street, fractured his knee-cap. G. A. KeIghley applIed a bandage and removed the patient to. the Infirmary . In June Harriet Jones, of 223, Girlington R oad, was seized with an apopleptic fit. First aid was rendered by W. H. vVilman. On July 16th Joe Hardcastle, of 52, Bright Street. severely scalded his forearm. John Broadbent applied a dressing, with band age. On September loth H. Kersha,Y, of 68, Westcroft Road, had hi s finger severely cut with a circular saw. John Broadbent rendered first aid. In September, also, John Wilman, af Shearbridge Road, received an injury to his ribs. Bandages were applied by W. H. Wilman, and the patient sent home. In addition to these cases, good work was done by the honorary surgeon of the Brigade (Dr. Browne) and members of the Corps at the Witsuntide gala held at Peel Park. H ULL.--On Christmas Eve, i'rIr. T. IIookam fell on the slanting jetty of the Hull Pier, previous to leaving by the M. S. & L. Railway Steamboat for ?\ew Holland, and broke his leg. On arrival arNew Holland pier the injured gentleman had to drive a distance of three or four miles to his residence, where he was met by Dr. Shearwood, who had been summoned by telegram, a delay of three or four hours being thus unavoidable. Dr. ShearlVood writes that first aid had been rendered by Mr. Winter, the steward on board the steamboat, in a very efficient manner, and considers his treatment could not bave been improved upon. \Vr;-;SFOR D DrvrSION.-A sad case occurred at \Vinsford on Tuesday, January 21st, the details of which, if related, would make a sensational story. A young man, named Alfred Preston, who bears an excellent character, made a desperate attempt at suicide by cutting his throat with a razor. Although the man began in such a determined way as to cut rio-ht through the front and sides of the trachea, he seems then to have stopped short, and fortunately none of the most important blaod· vessels were severed. Preston was discovered a lmost immediately,and conveyed with all speed to the surgery of Dr. Leak, where that gentleman stitched up the trachea, and also the external parts of the waund, and was assisted by Sergt. Court and Private Cooper. Superin. tendem Heathcote was communicated with, and at the request of Dr. Leake undertook to remove the patient to the Northwich Victoria Infirmary, a distance of 7 miles. The patient was placed comfortably on the wheeled litter, and the journey was accompl ished without a hItch. The summons for help was responded to quickly by 2nd officer Buckley, Sergt. Court, and Pri"ates James Dodds, Cooper and Barker who, with Supt. Heathcote, walked the whole of the way, and then abaut 3 or + miles back to the nearest station. The unfortunate youth now lies under the care of Dr. Gerald Johnson, This is the fourth time that this Di \'ision has undertaken this ted ious journey, all with cases of <l: serious nature. P .C. Ja~~s, who. had the man in charge, walked WIth the members of the DIVISIOn, and then handed his man over to another officer. \VELLlNGBOROUG:-l CORPs.-Many minor cases of first aid have been rendered durina' the past six weeks-only two require special mention. The first was "'a case of fracture of spine, which accurred to a man at Messrs. 'Woolston & Bull's malting at Wellingborough. He was oiling some shafting when his sleeve caught in a cog wheel and he was carried round the wbeel, with the above result. Drs. Audland and Holl is were soon an the spot acca:npanied by Supt. Nicholson and Supt. S. Weathers. He was not allowed to be removed, and Supt. S. Weathers remained in attendance all day, nursing and feeding the patient and generally carrying out the arders of the do.ctors. lIe was successfully removed home in the even1l1g by Supt. NIcholson, Supt. S. vVeathers, and Pt. Francis. The removal was an exceedingly delic..1.te one and the men were highly complimented by the Surgeon.s on the way it was carried out. Saturday, January 4, the Corps receIved a call at 8 a.m. to Neilson's Iron Stone Pits-a fall of earth and work had occurred, burying one man. Plenty of help 'was at hand and the man was soon extric..1.ted. Bon. Suro-eon Dr. Busland was soon in attendance and was followed immediatcly by Pts. Francis and R~berts with the horse. ambulance. The man had sustained fracture of thIgh and dIslocated hlp. He was conveyed' with all speed to Northampton Infirmary (13 miles out, 10 miles horne).

FIRST AID.

60-

IMPORTANT NOTICE. We beg to give notice that this Journal will in future be published on the 1st of the month. In order to meet the requirements of the trade, it mUElt be actually published by the 25th or 26th , so we must ask all our correspondents to send in their contributions by the 22nd at the latest. TO ADVERTISERS. As no pap er at the present d ay can exisi v.'ithout Advertiseme n ts, we beg to draw the attention of Advertisers to this Journal. It has been in ex.istence for 20 months, nas a steadily increasing circulation, and is the only Journal of its kind circulating amongst firstaiders in all parts of the world, and is read by thousands every month. These arft facts worth know~ ing and digesting.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR 12 months, IS. 6d., post free, to be sent to the Publish ers, Alan Palmer & R eed, II, Ludgate Hill , London, E.C. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-" ARTERY, LONDON."

FIRST AID FEBRU.ARr I, 1896.

THERE is one kind of ambulance work th~t TRA.1\'SPORT. is included in the term" first aid," that has not yet receiyed the recognition due to it, but in course of time it will prove to be one of the most important branches of the subject . vVe refer to all the work that come under the heading of Transport. 'Vhen a person has receiyed a serious injury, whether it be in a train, a workshop, a country road, or in a London street, and first aid assistance has been giyen by any first-aider who may be present, then comes the question of how to get him away, either to his own home or to a hospital, where h e can receiYe further medical or surgical attention. In fact, first aid may be divided into two parts, one, the treatment of the illness or injury, and next, the proper method of c;onveying the patient away from the scene of the accident. It is necessary to impress on those responsible for ambulance ,york, that no system can be complete that does not efficiently proyide for both these details of the su bj ect. One depends on the other, and a thorough knowledge of both is absolutely requisite for all those engaged in carrying out the work. There are two modes of transport recognised by all ambulance authorities, the wheeled litter and the ambulance carriage. The railway companies will doubtless find it advisable in the near future to provide some kind of am bulance wagon for the com-eyance of the inj ured persons oyer their lines- we are thankful that they have devoted a good deal of attention to the first part of the subject, the second part will follow later. This litter is or ought to be used for short distances only; where a number of miles have to be covered oYer country road or crowded streets the ambulance carriage should be requisitioned. In districts ,vhere the ambulance arrangements are carried out by 'i'olunteer workers who act from purely philanthropic motives, the question of expense arises, and the difficulty of obtaining the needful funds is no doubt very great, and an appeal has to be made for subscriptions. 'Ve think that there are few betler claims on the purses of the m::ll-to-c1o than this, and we wotlld acl\'isc all ambu lance ~orps, especially in coun try districts to apply to tl:e publtc fQr mOlley t? procurc an ambtilance carriage. An lllstance of the nccesslty for a proper carriage is giYen

[February, 1896.

in our columns this month, where at Winsford in Cheshire a case of suicide was conveyed in a litter a distance of se'i'en miles. If Superintendent H eathcote brought this to the knowl edge of hi fellow townsmen, we imagine h e would have little diffi cul ty in raising th e amount. During the past twelve months many cases h ave been published in this Journal where patients have been conveyed considerable di tances in the orth odox carriage, notably at 'Vellington and Northampton, and we take this opportunity of heartily congratulatin g the local ambulance corps, and especially Chief Superintendent W oolston, on their enterprise and perse'i'erance. Let other corps go and do likewise. "\l{ e cannot conclude without saying a few words about the transport arrangements of the metropolis. The matter has been often allud ed to before in these columns, but frequent and persistent hammering away on the same subject is necessary in order to produce any effect on our authorities . Ambulance transport in this city means cabs and the police litters, the l~tt er being absolutely unfi~ for carrying any case that reqUlres care. We haye recen:ed complaints concerning the litters pro'i'ided by the Hospitals As ociation on account of the difficulty in guiding them, and in our opinion they are certainly not the best that can be obtained. It is strange, but a fact ne\'ertheless, that no public authority in London po se e an ambulance carriage for the purpose of conveying to hospital any person who may be injured in the streets or otherwise. We hope that these few remarks about the question. of transport will bear fruit and help tho e who are dOll1g their best to carryon a praiseworthy work. ----:0:----

l8itItin's lBortable ®Iutrir ltgbts. WE beg to call the attention of medical men and ambulance officers to the porta ble electric lights manufactured by Mr. Pitkin Red Lion Street. Having had many opportunities of testing the value of these lamps, we can cordially recommend them. We understand that the Invalid Transport Corps at St. John Gate have had these lamps in its carriages for some time past, and the authorities at Head-quarters speak in the highest terms of the utility of these lam ps on transport cases, especially where long journeys are involved. By the courtesy of Mr. Pitkin we are enabled to present our readers wiLh an illustration of one of these lamps, and intending purchasers can obtain price lists on application at Red Lion Street, Clerkenwell.

----:0:----

~1t ;fflemoriall1. PRIVATE W. ALLEN, foreman porter at Finsbury Park Station, :J.fter a very short but severe illness d ied on Tuesday, 21st January, an.d was buried at New Southgate on the 2{th. He wa13 followed to hIS last resting place by representatives of the King'~ Cros~ (G. :R.) Division, Metropolitan Corps, SL. John Am~ulance ~l'lgade, of whIch he ,~'as a valued and respected member . HIS Supenntendent (Mr. T. A. Pamter) writesus with regard tothis honoured worker whose l~bor is now o'er.. He has be'en a quiet but earnest fin~t-alder, and he WIll be greatly mIssed not only by his division, but by the travelling p.ublic. I t is hoped his successors will carryon our good work as worthtly as he has done.

- - - - :0:----

QLount~ 'ltounttIs anlI ~lnbulante ~orIt+ THE County Council of the East Ri ding of Yorkshire must now be added to the list of tho~e who recogni5e the value of Ambulance instruction. Upon the application of the lIon. Secretaries of the Hull Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association, a grant has bee n obtained to defray the expenses of a class at Spurn Head which is 14 miles from a railway station, and to which place even under favourable circumstances a doctor cannot be fetched u7lder five hours,

1""

February, lSge.)

A 1 D.

~ur ~ortrait (Baller~. CHIEF S UPERINTE TDENT WILLIAM H. MORGAN, METROPOLITAN CORPS) ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. old '-f Quartermaster," will be the exclamation of those of our readers who have the pleasure of knowing the gentleman whose portrait appears in our P ortrait Gall ery this month. Born in the year 1860 at Canonbury, Mr. Morgan was successivelyeducated at Richmond, and T eddington, finishing at the VI esleyan Training College at vVestminster. It was at the latter scholastic establishment that he first became imbued with a taste for Physiology, when after a course of study h e succeeded in passing the examination held in connection with the Science and Art Department, South Kensington. On leaving the vVesleyan College, Mr. Morgan entered the office of Mr. J. Ilberry of Bear Lane, afterwards entering that of Messrs. Donaldson & Co., Ship Brokers, with whom he remained IS years. In 1895, a vacancy offering on the Staff at Head-quarters, the authorities there who had noted Mr. Morgan s zeal and assiduity in the discharge of his voluntary ambulance duties, offered him the appointment, and it is paying him no idle compliment to say that he has fu lly justified their choice . Incidentally it may be mentioned that Mr. Morgan was one of the fOll nders of the Metropolitan Corps, and did his first public duty at the time of the Trafalgar Square riots. At this period but few of the officers and men were in uniform, and Chief Superintendent Morgan was one of those who turned out in mufti, his dress partaking somewhat of the character of a Russian Duke located in Siberia, a fact of which his broth dr officers often now remind him. F or some years Mr. Morgan occupied the position of Superintendent of Stores to the Metropolitan Corps, and acting" Quartermaster" at the Annual Brigade;Camp of Instruction, and it is in connection with the latter appointment that provincial officers and men will affection ately remember him when they recall the savoury meals prepared under his skilful care, indeed, if Mr. Morgan had not been born for Ambulance work he would have been an acquisition as a first class cltef On Mr. Brasier's promotion he was appointed Chief Superintendent of the Metropolitan Corps, and it is paying him no idle compliment in saying that there is no officer who could so satisfactorily have filled the vacant post. Naturally somewhat high pirited, and at times hot tempered, he is ge nerous to a fa ult , and h e will , at all hOUlS and at allY time, setve a friend or the cau e he loves so well. That he may long be spared to occupy his present position is, I am sure, the earne t wish of all those who have learned to love him ) as th e writer does, for his genuine qualities and sterling worth. Ur.OOD

jJlott~ By "TOURNIQUET." My competi tion is over and the prize has been awarded to Mr. J. M. H. Millwood, of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, whom I heartily congratu late on his victory . I have sent to him a copy of Dr. Scott Riddell 's Manual of Ambulance.

* I HAVE also sent to the three gentlemen who have come out in the second place copies of Martin's Questions and Answers, for I feel that they deserve something [or having been so near. I am or.ly sorry that I cannot send prizes to all the competitors, but I wish them better luck next time. I have written a suitable inscription in each book, which of c )urse increases the value-at least, I hope so.

* *

* THE replies were numerous and came from all parts of the countrymore especially from the provinces than from town. My Editor tells me that he had to devote a great deal of time to look oyer the answers, and he hopes that they won't come too often. ' Ve will see. * *

LADIES entered the lists, and* I believe that one, but for one unfortunate mistake, 'would have been very near the top. 'e\'er mind, try again, it will do you all good to write out these little essays, for I mean to have some more as this has been so successful. >I<

>I<

THE winning answer seems to '"be \'ery good, and of course I am bound to accept his declaration at the foot. instructed.

He has been well

'" '" >I<

PROVINCIAL members must not forget the' Annual Conference on the 29th inst. I suppose there will be a great deal of excitement if nothing else. ,;. >I<

Mr. S. MALKIN COPELAND is doing a great work for the Brigade in the Potteries Centre. He is most enthusiastic. >I< >I<

SUPERINTENDENT C. HEATHCOTE, and the Division at Wins[ord, deserve great praise for the manner in which they conduct the litter journeys from that town to N orthwich Victoria Infirmary, a distance of seven miles.

I HEAR a grand Concert will take *place in the Large Hall of the Mildmay Radica l Club, Newington Green, ., on March lIth, on behalf of Staff-Sergt. SUO'G', No.2 (St. John's Gate) Division, Metropolitan Corps, who met with aOs~rious accident whilst on duty with the Brigade on last Lord Mayor's Day. I hope that it will be well supported.

• *

•

I HEAR the Staff Officers of the re-organized Hull Corps intend to blossom forth into uniform on the occasion of the annual conversazione. The Mayor and Sheriff are to be present.

*•..

VISITORS from the country and townsmen alike must have been struck with the excellent ambulance arrangements made at the recent Stanley Cycle Show. The tent, with its equipment and attendants, was quite a striking feature of the Show and proyed of great utility. Supt. W. J. H. Pontin and Selgt. S. H. Vilven must be congratulated on the manner in which they and the members of the Di\'ision carried out their duties. A word of thanks must also be expressed to the::\' ursing Sisters who assisted in the work and added charms to the tent.

* *

SECRETARY ORCHARD, of the *l\tlerton and Wimbledon Division bids fair. I think great things will come to pass in this district.

* *

ST. JOHN, not St. John's, A.B., *Mr. Orchard. '" >I< >I<

R EEVES in many provincial towns are next in rotation for the supreme position. I am glad to notice the Staff Sergeant of that Ilk is now Superintendent at Northampton_

'" * '" r HEAR the new wagon at NorLhampton, with its pneumatic tyred wheels, is proving \'ery satisfactory. ".

'" '" ,

GENIAL CARTLEDGE, of the POLtenes, who so of Len has graced the camp mess, has been appointed Superintendent to the E~ruria Division. He did not get the support he deserved at Hanley. >I<

>I<

We know that Solomon was a *wise man, but did he know anything about first aid?

--------:0:-------A Coo R E of fh,c first aid lectures and demonstrations for men will be given on Wednesday evenings, commencing February 5th, at 8 p.m., at the C.E.Y ..i\1.S. Leopold Rooms, 3, L. Bride Street, Ludga~e Circus. Dr. Jallles Bremner will be the lecturer. The last conrse of lectures he gave at the Institution was greatly appreciated.

:F IRS T' AID .

3en12 lBuilbing. SPECIALty CONTRIBUTED. ( COllti1i /led).

III. MATERrALS USED IN JERRY B UrLDl~G. Lookino- oyer our notes on this subject, it would be am usin g, if it were not ~ pitiable, to read the caustic, slashing, and sometimes witty remarks made by those who have, either as builders, buyers, or occupIers, experience of jerry-built houses. . . .. "You see, sir," said one (a builder) ,,·ho IS u.p tdo hIS hllose In It now, " besides the difficulties you haye already descnbe ,we ave to get our work done as fast as e\'er we can. Eyery day wasted is a dead loss to us. IVe have the weather to study, for t here are times when you cannot lay a brick. But the biggest job of all is to buil~ th~ largest house on the smallest bit of land and to fit It up wIth modern improvements.' Tenan ts of the pre~ent day want handsome vill~s, with hot and cold water service, bath-room and all the rest, besIdes ~n eleO'ant interior for a rent about £30 a "ear. If we were toh put 111 h ' J • solid work, using the best materials, and skIlled labour throug out. we could not let the same house for anything under £5o-a nd there you are! )) 'Ve are prepared to believe it, and that shifts some of the blame from the shoulders of the jerry builder to the "tenant," wh o prefers all the show he can get for hi s money, and is no longer satisfied with the humble but well built cottage of his forefathers. First and forem ost of the materials used in jerry bu ilding come BRICKS. Everybody knows that there is much differe!lce in the qua.lity of bl icks; but everybody does not kn ow, perhaps, that there are bl:l cks as hard and durable as flint, and others as soft t hat theylcrumble 111 your hand. Of this latter kind are what brick-makers term" place" br icks, being those on the olltsidt of the clamp wherein t~ey are blll:ned . These being only half burnt are only good on one Side, and yery ltable to break when handled. Indeed, the ease with whi ch a bricklayer can cut a bl ick used in jerry building is indica ted by the trifling ring of the trowel tha t accompanies the laying. When hard bricks are used the rin g ring is loud and persistent. . Red bricks are much used by jerry builders, being effective for {ac,ng, or yellow bricks a re occasionally employed. Cheap r~d bric'ks are soft and porous, the better quality could not be purcha~ed at the price given fvr lhe~e. Yellow bricks are those described as "place" bricks, and the outSIde, of the back premises are usually" botched" up wit h these and .1 \ ery :nferior brick known to the trade as (, grissels." With plelllY of ,( bals" (half-bricks) for the insides, t he inner layer of wall is held Lo the ou, el .ayer or facing with her~ and there a cross-lay~d brick, many. of those showing as halves in the courses are halves In reality, and t herefore take no active part in binding the inner case to the outer. H ow can such bricklaying be expected to stand :he wear and tear of ages, as sound brickwork ought to do? Add to the rotten system of laying, the use of~rotlen and porous bricks, and" mud" mortar, you ha\'e the carcase of a house that it is altogether un safe to live in, and of little val ue to buy. Between the courses on the face the mortar or '( cement" is fairly good, being coloured \\ith Venetian red for the red brick-builrling, and smeared well oyer the faces of the bricks to co nceal defects in them. That this hard "pointing" is very su perfi cial may be proved by the sim ple process of driving a hold-fast or large nail into the wall for a clothes' line perhaps. At first the resi stan ce is favourable to the stabi lity of the wall, but suddenly the outer casing is penetrated and the hold-fast bounds in to the head. So long as this outer casing of cement pointin g lasts- and the more there is smeared over the faces of the brick s the hetter-all well and good but, the time will come, and that shortly, when this pointing will break out, probably from the rottenness of the bricks, or the shifting called "settling" of the .va lls, and then the protective power and strength of the wall rest entirely with the bricks and internal mud mortar. It is refreshing at this st..1.ge of our exposures to record t he assurance given us by a builder that ski lIed mechanics and respectable workmen will not touch jerry· building. The class of bricklayers employed at this work are the most inferior men in the market, and do not possess the slightest degree of technical sk ill, or other qualifications which distinguish a good from a bad workman, and the stability of a building depends mainly upon the quality of the bricklaying whether good or bad material is used . PORO US BRICKS. Have you considered the full meaning of the term? Porous bricks absorb water. They not only absorb water but retaiJl it, and you shall try an experiment for yourself that may gh'e you some enlightenment · even if it does not alarm you. Pick up a jerry-builder's br ick on a wet day and put it forthwith in the scales, weighing it \\ ith as much accuracy as possible. Take the brick off the scales leaving the weights as they were, and put this brick

[:Ifebruary, 1896. '

in a hot oven until it is so hot that you can barely handle it. By that time most of the moisture will have evaporated from it. Weigh it again and the differance of weight will indicate the weight of water absorbed. All bricks are more or less porous and absorb water to so me extent, but it is on ly the soft brick that retains it. A hard brick mal' absorb a little moisture on the outside, but it dries throughout as readIly. So ft bricks not only absorb the moisture but retain it for ever in spite of the driest summer. The moisture reta ined in a soft brick soa ks through and through until you may regard the inner walls of a jerry-built house as never really dry, a nd generally damp throughout. When the frosty weather comes and t he water freezes expandi ng with violenc~ as it does so, then will the bricks crumble and the jerry-built wall have cause to ~hake. These effects may not be realised for the first year or two after buildinO', because the hard pointin~ holds good, but the proprietor-. who ha~ laid out his little hoard in purchasing a'jerry.built house-will know all about it in time. The weight of water absorbed by a brick will often exceed a n ounce. Multiply that by the number of br icks used in building the hou se and you will have some notion of Lhe weight of IVa ter that the carcase holusa formidable wet jacket indeed to live in. l\lORTAR is a material with whi ch some strange tricks are played. Good buildingmortar should consist of sharp sand and fresh lime. Jerry buildingmortar consists mostly of sifted bad ballast, garden mou ld, street s\\'eepinO's strippings of walls or ce ilings of old houses,* rubbish o-enerad 'a spadeful or tlVO of slaked lime, and the mortar-mill oYer tlJe ~est. Bad mark'll' affe cts the stahility of already layed and rotten bricks. It adds to the ciampness of walls, or is decidedly fa~'ourable to the gTowth of mi cro organ isms, therefore frequently the breedlllg grounu of infection and disease.

( To be contin1led.) - - - --:0: - -- -

CltorrrSpOn1:JtllfC.

[vVe do 1I0t necessarily identify ourselves with the oP£ltio7ls hell kl' 0111' correspolldwfs and contributors. ]

FOREIGN BODY IN THE EYES. To the Editor 0/" FIRST Arn." SIR, -On Sunday week, I visited Dudley Hill and came across a platelayer who h ad been suffering for o\'er six weeks wit~ a rainful affection of the eye (or eyes); se l'eral persons had exa m1l1ed It, but failed to see anything that cou ld have sf!t up the inflammation, asit was thought to be ;; ca~e ?f severe cold in the ~ye. ~OlVe\'~r, to '!lake sure there was nothlllO' It It, I carned out the SImple IIlstruCtlOll la Id for first aid, and after cal"'eful examination found a small piece of steel adher ing to the sight. I got it out wi th a pencil and handkerchief to the joy of thi s unfortunate man. I believe he will gladly join any new lectures that may be promoted in Bradford (G.N.R.), having experien ced what a first aid certifIcate will enable us to do for one another. I understand the G. . men in the district do not take the interest in this subject that they should do, and hope they will, at any rate, endeavour to come up to the standard of the men employed on the other railways running into Bradford, especially as the G. .R. CO. is ever anxious to arrange for lectures in any district where the men care to give their spare time to so noble an object. N one of us kn ow how soon our lives may depend upon the prompt attention ·which a first-aider can render, and, for that reason, everyemploye ought to avail himself of the opportunity offered for acquiring the valuable knowledge taught those who aspire to take the St. Joh n Ambulance" First Aid" Certificate.-Yours, &c. VISITOR. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDE TS. W. J. F ATRNIMER.-We are afraid that we can not help you very much in the matter you write about. You sho uld apply to the head office direct. The complaint has been made before. Correspondents are heartily thanked for contributions, &c.

- ---:0:- - KILLED AT THEIR D UTY.-December 's record of workers' lives lost in the United Kingdom is a sad death roll. Official statistics show that the list is made up of 50 rai lway servants, 68 miners , 47 factory and workshop operatives, 224 sea men, and eight others-these last being notified to the Board of Trade und er the new Notice of Accidents Act This gives a tota l of 397 ~eaths, a~ compared with 318 for the corr esponding month of the prevIOUS year. The non-fatal accJcients reported number 2,602, a nd they include 628 railway servants) 653 miners, and 945 workers in factorie s and workshops.

* The plaster str ipped from the ,,'ails and ceilings of old houses condemned on account of their rotten unhealthy condition, form the usual nidera of certain fOfms of insec t life, not to mention microbes of death or disease that are not, when present, conducive to domestic comfort. The process of mortar-making does not destroy these nests of horrors, hence, the jerry-built 'wall contains germs of a most undesirable character that are sure to find their way outwards in time.

February, 1896.J

F I RST

St. mOOn ~mYju l!l n ce ~~.~oci fttion. JpSWICH.-1he result of the Dece mber examinations was -very satisfactory. Sixty-two were elig ible for examination, of whom 56 presented themselves, of these 50 passed, 7 first aid men, I 3 men (nursing class). The roller bandaging of some of this class was extremely good, 16 first aid women, "9 women (nursing), and 5 for meda llions. These candidates we re all taught under the technical education work of the Ipswi ch Schoo l Board; its classes have already begun again, and about 90 are now undergoing instruction. 'vVe hope to tell of l ome other classes next month. POTTERIES.-The examination of the North Staffordshire Railway Class (which is bein g held at the Round H ouse, Stoke-on-Trent ) Dr. Phillips is fixed for Sunday, F ebruary gth, a t 3' o'clock. will be the examiner. The men are taking g rea t pains to perfect themselves in their work, and the Committee have reason to believe that the class will do well at th e In spection. Dr. J. Fred Arlidge is the Honorary Lecturer, and to meet the convenience of the students he has practically duplicated his leetures.-PRESENTATION TO HANLEY POLICEMEN. Owing to their duties the members of the Hanl ey poli ce force who had been successful in the recent exam in atio n in connection with the St. J ohn Ambulance Association, were unable to ce present at the di stri bution of certificates by the Duchess of Sutherland, at Stoke, a short time ago.-On Monday, January 20th, at the T own H all, the Mayor of H an ley, Mr. M. Tunnicliffe, presented, with a lew a pprop ri ate remarks, the certificates to the successful candidates.-The 16th course of lectures for the current session will be commenced on Tuesday, February 5th. The lecturer will be Dr. F. E. Fernie, and the class will be held in the Schools at Barlaston . TOYNBEE HALL-Th e annual distribution of Medall ions and Certificates of the St. J 8hn Ambulance Association of the Order of St. John, in connection with the classes at Toynbee Hall, took place at the H al L Sir Albert Kaye Rollil, 2I1.,\" Kni ght of the Order of St. J ohn, presided, and there were also present the Rev. Canon Barnett, M.A., Mr. C. Alan Palmer, anu a crowded audience, which included many members and nursing sisters of the SL. John Ambulance Brigade. Mrs. Barnett ha ving dsitributed the Medallions and Certificates , whi ch were very numerous, Sir Albert Rollit gave an address on Ambulance and First Aid Work. He said he h:l.d so often given similar aduresses on Ambulance Work that it was difficult to find anything new to say. They must remember they belonged to the great Order of Ben evolence, the Order of St. John, which had come do\\'n from the middle aO'es, whi ch had its hospital, treating some q,ooo cases' a year, and its first aiJ and nursing staff, and which sought to relieve sickness and suffering in peace or war, without distinction of race, creed, or class. (.\pplause). S ir ~\lbert then traced th e evolul ion of Ambulance work in war, through the ~apoleonic, Cri mean, Franco-GeIrnan, Balkan, and Japanese \Vars-regarding its effective perfor mance as a sign of the civilisation of Japan -and sa id the perfect equipment for th e Ashanti campaign was one of its best fe atures . (Applause). Bnt peace had also both its victories and its vi ctims, and the duty of benevolence was to relieve in order to restore men to the ranks. (II ear, hear.) Ciyi li sation and commerce, unfortunately, had not only their rightful pride b ut also their curses, and sometim es their crimes, and every effort must be made to reduce the ce nsequenres of the latter, whether according to t he ine\'itable or a voidable. (Ilear, hear.) The organ isat ion of St. John had been the means of saving mu ltitudes oflives and limbs, and so homes, and a great debt is owed by society to li he noble armies of the medical profession, and of skilled nurses, whi ch had enabled con ' ervative surgery, an<:csthetics, and science, to suppl ant the lancet and the leech, and to save, instead of destroying, human life. (Hear, hear.) Artificial respiration, simp le pressure and bandages, had done very much to arrest death until med ica l aid could arrive; and extended instruction in physiology had been both interesting and usefu l. Among the factories, docks, and ships of the East End, this was especially the case, and T oynbee Hall had made men and women Ii ve and love together, and had culti\'ated hi gher and nobler emotions and aspirations, which would be increased by !\Irs. Barnett's prese nt;).tion of the prizes that e\·ening. (Applause.) UPPER TOOTI NG.-First aid and llursing lectures to ladies will be given by Dr. Edwin Smith , on Saturday afternoon at + o'clock, commencing February 22nd. The fee for each cou!'se will be 5s., including examinat ion . Full parti culars may be obtained from :\liss Law, 135, Lavender Sweep, Clapham Common, S.I\'.

----:0:----

~t.

jjobn

~ mflulanc£

lSrig-ab£.

METROPOLITAN CORPS . MERTON A:-.lD 'VrMBLEDON DIVISION.-This Division has recent ly concluded a first a id class at head-quarters, \\'ith \'ery gratifying results. The number sent up for examinati on was twenty-lwo, el'ery one of whom pa~sed creditably, an ob viou~ly unsurpassa.b~e re ult. Th e Lecturer, D I. Hargreaves, of Merton , lS also the DIVISion 7s popular honorary surge.o n, whilst the examinati on was co nducted by Dr. P. P aller, of Ken sll~gton ln fir mary. As the major ity of the successful candidates are reSident in· the locality, this should mea n a substantial increase in

AID.

the ranks of the Division, and we hope this may be so. The Division have considerably increased the ir popularity' by the Saturday afternoon duty, which has been done for some time past at the Polytechnic l"ootball Grounds. where some dozen or more matches generally take place, the" Poly" boys ilwariably extending a most he'!.rty welcome to the local first-aiders, a welcome which is no less appreciated tha n deserved. PROVIXCTAL CORPS. JpSWICH.-The Corps is now begin l'li ng to work up special drill for the an n ua l meeti ng i. ] u ne. I t is wi th the greatest regret t hat we have had to accept the resignation of our lIon. Secretary, Mr. A. J. Field. H e started t he Corps in r893, and has kept it going with sheer hard work, and has (metaphorically), rendered good first aid, when it seemed all but dead. He is leaving it in a most flourishing condition, grovring and full of real work anri energy. His successor is not yet chosen. IpSWICH NURS):-.lG DIVlSrO:-.l.-This Division is growing, but the members do not attend the bandage practices as well as they do the lectures. At the last meeting the President read a valuable paper on IIospital ~ursing, from Lady Jeune's book, "Ladies at 'Vork." Miss Gethen is to give the February lecture, on (Good ~ ursing and How to get it." KETTEH.ING.-The services of the members of the K ettering Corps have been cal led into requisition many times during the last two or three months, the three following cases deserving special mention;The removal of ten patients from the old YVorkhouse Infirmary to the new building just opened. This was done by Privates Beale, Painter, F. Adams, and Pearson, under Staff-Sergeant Adams, special thanks being received from the Board of Guaruians. On :.\fovember 27, a lad became entangled in the machinery at :\lessrs. Hanger's Shoe Factory, and sustained compound fracture of the right leg. The machine had to be entirely taken to pieces before the unfortunate lad could be got out. Fir~t a id was rendered by ..\Iessrs. G. ·W ilson and 'V. Coleman , and after the patient had been seen by a medical man, was co nveyed to Northampton Infirmary by Messrs. 'Vilson and Coleman. On December 20th, a girl employed at ..\lessrs. Hanger's Shoe Factory got her hair en tangled round the shafting, and received terrible scalp wounds. Messrs. G. 'Vilson and W. Coleman again rendered first aid and removed the pat ient to Northampton Infirm'ary after she had beed seen bya medical man. It isa strange coincidence that the above patients are brother and sister. The litter presented by the Kettering Working Men's Club was used in conveying the patients in both cases to and from the stations. KORTHA~lPTO . .-For the past two or three years the custom which used to prevail of holding an annual meeting ohhe X orthampton Corps of the St. John Ambulance Bdgade has not been observed, but it has been revived, and a well attended meeti ng was held at Franklin's Restaurant, Guildhall road. Chief Superintendent Perry presided, and amongst those present were Dr. Jones (hon. secretary of Lhe N orthampton Centre), Mr. H. T. Fracy (assistant hon. secretary of the Northamptan Centre), Superintendent Olney, Mr. W. Gordon (hon . secretary of the :\'orthampton Corps), Divisional Superintendent Reeves (of the head-quarters), Staff-Sergeant Beale, Lieutenant 'V. Hughe5 (Superintendent of the In telligence Department), Inspector of Stores Gardner, Superintendent Thorpe (Earl's Barton), Sergeant Birch (Duston), &c.-The- Chairman, in a brief opening speech, explained that Mr. Gordon had been appointed lIon. Secretary, :\Ir. Reeves, District Superintendent,:\Ir. Beale as Staff-Sergeant, and "\1r. Gardner as Inspector of MateriaL The appointments, all of which seemed very popular, and subsequen tly each of the gentlemen who had been appointed returned thanks for the honour conferred, and promised to do hi s best for lhe welfare of the Corps.-Dr. Jones having spoken on ambulance work generally, Assistant Fracy and SuperintendenL HuO'hes added a few words, and Superintendent Thorpe spoke of the good work whi ch the Brigade was doing in Earl's Barton.-The Chairman, in proposing (, The Health of the Surgeons," spoke highly of the manner in which the Surgeons assisted the Corps whene\rer possible, and a lluded specially to the interest which Dr. Greene and Dr lIarding had shown in the Duston Division.-The toast was heartily received, and Dr. J ones, with whose name it was coupled, responded .-'( The lIealth of B rigade Chief Superintendent. Brasier," having been heartily honoured, on the initiative of the Chairman, Superintendent Olney proposed " The Health of the Chairman.' -ThIS was seconded hy Assistant Secretary Fracy, and both he and Superintenuent Olney spoke highly of the services which Chief Superintendent Perry had rendered to the Corps.-The Chairman acknowledged the compliment, and harmony was then indulged in. ongs \\'ere contributed by the Chairman , Superintendent Reeves, Staff- ergeant Beale, Private Stephenson, Private Ekins, and Private Jordan. ~lr. A. Lanuergan and .\1 1'. H. Page were the pianists. During the evening it was announced that a new class in first aid would be opened at the Infirmary next Tuesday el·ening. POTTERIES CORPS -The H anley Division of this Corps has been di sbanded and the officers have resigned. The attendance of members of this Division having been so poor the c,;omlllittee haY~ been reluctantly

FIRST AID.

compelled to cease the practices. Mr. Cartledge, ~he l~t: ~uperintend~nt, has been appointed Superintendent of th~ Etruna DIVISIon for a period of six months. The followina- appointments have also been made : Mr. E. Radcliffe, to be Secretary of the Whiston Division.; D:-.. I:Iy. Morris to be Sura-eon to the Leycett DiviJion. The Etruna DIVISion of the Corps gave'" an ambulance display at the Etruria Church Schools on January 13th. The officers present were the Rev. W. Barrett and Messrs. S. G. Heath and J. E. Hancock. The work which was well done included illustrations of the treatment of the apparently drownedfracture of the thigh, jaw, collar bOI,e, arm, finger and foot-wounds of various kinds and the one man drill.

- - - -:0:- - -H

jfirst Bib " (tonlpetition.

EDITOR'S DECISION. Tt has given me great pleasure to look over the answers in .this Competition, for I have been enabled to .gather wh~t t1~e general I?ea is amona-st first-aiders of a treatment of an ll1Jury of thiS kmd. Lookll1g at the q~estion as given, it appears to me that the following. poin~s require to be noted ;-Fi.rst, medical aid should be summoned If avaIlable w!thin a reasonable time; secondly, the wound must be attended t.o before the fracture, and in a wound on the outside of the calf, a .tournlquet would not be required, for the hremorrhage could be restramed by a properly adjusted pad and bandage. The ~remor.rhage would be arterial and small pads would be necessary on either Side of the wound to keep off the pressure of the long splints; third, af~er the splints are placed in position, proper extension must be applted; fo u rth, the patient's condition as regards shock must be attended to, and fifth, efficient means of transport must be used. The best answer, although not perfection (which one can hardly expect) is sent in by PRIVATE J. ;\1. H. MILLWOOD, of the o . I Division, St. John's Gate, Metropolitan Corps, and Ern,est Pepper, of Parkeslon, J. D. Manktelow and Willia~ L. P?ttier Smith, both of London are all bracketed as equal and next ll1 merit. The answers 'from two gentlemen in a town in Yorkshire are exactly alike which I suppose I am to regard as a curious coincidence. Other competitors who have failed will understand the reason from the above remarks. The following is the winning answer : TREATMENT OF A FRACTURE OF THE THIGH WITH A SEVERE WOUND ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE CALF. Attend to the wound (not forgetting to send for medical aid). This must be treated before the fracture for two reasons; first to arrest tbe hre morrhage which might be dangerotts, secondly, because no dressing can be applied after a splint has been fixed .. The treatment of a wo~nd consists in arresting the hremorrhage, cleansmg the part, and app~ymg a dressing. In a wound on the outside qf the calf there would 111 all probability b.e .no serious a.rterial bleeding,. a~ the ne~rest large vesselthe anterior tIbial artery-hes close to the tibia or shm bone. Probably some tributaries of this vessel would be injured, in conjunction with t?e superficial veins. If local pressure is not sufficient to stop the artenal hre morrhage the femoral artery should be compressed by the thumb~ on the spot where it passed over the pubic bone in the centre of the grol~ ; the artery here lies nearest the surface and can therefore be more eastly controlled, and pressure at this point will not tend to di5pla~e the fracture. A bystander should be requested to prepare a tourt1lqu~t, which must be applied about three inches below the fold of the grom, unless in that position it would be pressing on the fracture. Great care must be observed in applying the tourniquet so as not to move the fractured bone. In the case of severe venou~ bleeding a ligature must be applied on the side of the wound furthest from the heart. The wound should be cleansed with carbolic acid (r in 40) if at hand. or a solution of eucalyptus. Should these not be available cold water must be used . If the edges of the wound gape open as in the case of an incised wound, they should be carefully brought together, tissue to tissue and kept in that position by means of adhesive strapping plaster. Sever~llayers of boric lint should be placed over this, and then a pad of carbolised gauze, the whole being firmly bandaged. In the case of a lacerated or contused wound it would be ad visable to apply a wet dressing in preference to a dry one, in which case the dressing should be soaked in carbolic acid (I in 40), or in the absence of this plain water, a piece of oiled silk at the same being placed on the top to pr~ve.nt evaporation. If lint is not available clean rag must be used m Its place. In dressing the wound the greatest care must be taken to prevent the slightest rr:ovement of the ~imb. . . To adjust the splmts, put. t~e patient on. hiS back, and place the l~mb carefully in its normal positIOn by the SIde of the other leg, and m a line with the body. The foot of the injured leg should then be turned so that the toes point upwards, gently pulling the limb at the same time to produce extension, and keeping it in that position till the splint is applied. This precaution is necessary because the foot falls outwards, and there is considerable shorteningofthe limb. Splints should now be applied, a long one extending from the arm-pit to the heel , and a shorter one from the groin to the inner side of the heel. With the tips of the fingers gently slip the bandage under the thigh above the fracture, and secure firmly, tying 00 to the splint 'with a reef knot. Repeat the process

[February, 1896.

below the fracture. The long splint should now be firmly secured to.the body by two bandages passing round the chest, and. one round the hips, the: shorter splint being also secured by a bandage Just below the knee, and [another round the ankle. The sound limb should be fixed to the injured one by tying the feet together, suppl~mented by one. o.r two bandages higher up the limb. Wrap the patIent up well, .ana, If collapsed, give gentle stimulants. Extemponse ~ stretcher, If a proper one is not· at hand and in the case of tra \-elltng by a cart or wagon sling the stretcher possible, to av,oid the jolting. C;;0nvey with all possible speed to the nearest hospital, unless a medical man ordees otherwise. . . . I hereby certify that I have not received anyl medIcal adVIce lU reference to the above. • Private J. M. H. MILLWOOD, St. John's Gate, No. I Division, Metropolitan Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade.

----·0·---,~' THE PRINCE OF WALES'S VIS~T ' TO LOWTHER CASTLE.-On the

~ccasion of the Prin ce of \iV ales's visit to Penri th and Lowther on Mon-

?t.

day, January 6th, the Penrith members of t~e John Ambulance Brigade, through Mr. Yeates, superintend~nt, lUvlted the m~mber~ of the Keswick Briga de (G. Hoga;th, superintendent) to Pennth to do duty, and welcome the Grand Pnor of the Order of St.) ohn. I':I members were able to attend from Keswick, and were statIOned at dIfferent points on the route, with appliances,. in c~se of. any emergency. F o. tunately no accidents occurred to reqUIre their servIces.. T~e members were afterwards entertained at tea by Mr. Yeates at hIS reSidence.

Ill'ill ~tber~ . CYCLIST DrVISION.-:YfETRoPoLITAN CORPS. Monday, F ebruary 3rd, 6 p.m., Duty at Olympia; Monday, February roth, 7.30 p.m., Drill at Head-quarters; Monday, February.17th, 6 p.m., Duty at Olympia; Monday, February 24th, 7 p.m., Dnll at H eadquarters. . POTTERIES CORPS. February 2nd, 3 p.m., Round H ouse, Stoke, Drill; February 5th , 7.3 0 p.m., Schools, Leycett, Examination ; February 6th,. 7,p..m., W aterhouses ; February 7th, 8 p.m., Town Hall, Burslem, Insenslbtllty ; February 7th , 9 p.m., Schools, Etruria, Drill; February 9th, 3 p.m . , Round H ouse, Stoke, Examination; February I rth,. 7.30 p.m., Gnndon; February r6th, 3 p .m., Round House, Stoke, Drill, &c.; February 21 st, 9 p.m., Schools, Etruria, Drill, &c.; February 21 st, 8 p.m., Town H~ll, Burslem, Wounds, &c.; February 23rd, 3 p.~ ., Round H ouse, Stoke, Drill , &c.-S. Malkin C opeland, Chuf Superllltc1Ulent. VOLU ~ TEER AMBULA CE SCHOOL OF I TSTR UCTlON. P1'esident.-MAJOR ANDREW MA CLURE , late L.S.R.V. OJlices .-7, St. Benet Place, Gracechurch Street, ,E.C. , Lectures at Head-qua rters, 20th Middlesex (Artists ) R.V., Duke s Road , Euston Road, at 7.30 p.m. . 'Wednesday, February 5th , Introductory Lecture on the uses of Fi rst Aid. The Skeleton, Joints and Mu scles.-Wednesday, Fe?r.uary I2 th, The Heart, Blood Vessels and Circulation. The Posltton o~ the Viscera. Surgeon-Major W . Culver Jam es, M.D. , H on . Artd.lery Company.-Wednesday, February 19th, Fractures and DislocatIOns and their Treatment.-Wednesday, February 26th, "Vo.unds and H re morrhage. The First Field Dressing. Surgeon -Maj or H. F. Stokes, London Rifle Brigade.

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS

Will be paid to the Representatives of the purc~aser of FIRST AI~ in case of death as provided below, by The SIckness and ACCIdent Assurance Associ ation, Ltd. Head Office :-24, YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH. London Office :-64, MOORGATE ~TREET, LONDON, E.C. To whom notice of Claims under t~e followmg conditions must be sent WITHIN THREE DAYS. ApplIcable to P as-

FIRST AID • A

JOU R NAL

No. 21.-V OL. IT.

DEVOTED

[ElItC1'ed at Stationers' Hall.]

:f13revities. THE Ord er of Lhe Hospital of St. John of J erusalem in England is to be congratula ted or: th e splendid success of its most rece ntly created offspring, th e St. John Ambulance Brigade. The Conference which has just been h eld in th e Board-room of the Holborn Guardians, and at which delegates were present from pro vincial towns in all parts of th e country, shows how the movelllenL has (, caught on," a nd h ow it is supported and mJintained by all classes of society. A Brigade of this kind, which can muster nearly 7,000 memb ers, is undoubtedly a great success, and credit is due not only to those who organise it, but also to those who co mp ose the rank and file. It requires a considerable amount of enthusiasm on the part of both officers and men , to keep in touch with each other and also to keep th e various corps in a state of efficiency.

* ** WE are Yery pleased t o see th at Lord Knutsford was present at the Conference, for it sh ows that he has regained hi health, and we sincerely hope that h e may long be at th e h ead of the Ambulance Department.

'" '" *

W E see that it is proposed to start a club at the Head . quarters at St. J oh l1 's (J ate for the use of th e members of th e Brigade. This seems to be a very good idea if it can be carried out, for both officers and men, and we h ore that it will soon be an accomplished fact.

*'" * THE articles on " J erry Building " that ha\'e appeared in the columns of this J ournal have now come to a close, add we h aye to thank o ur correspondent for exposing the various tricks and dodges that are used by this class of builders. It is a subject that concerns our h ealth and domestic comfort, and the information thu s afforded oughL to be of great advantage to all fir ' t-aiders who are interested in the matter. - - --

:0: - - - -

ffirfII @rbftS. CY(LIST DrVrSlO:,< .-i\IETROl'OLITAN CORPS. Sunday, "l arch 1st, 2 p .m. , Duty at St. Paul's Cathedra l Statio n ; Monday, March 2nd, 6 p.m., Du ty at Olympia; Monday, i\hrch 9 th , Dnll at Head-q uarters; Friday, March 20th, 6 p.m., Duty at Olympia; Monday, March 2yd, 7.30, Drill at Head-quarters; Monday, March 30th , General Meeting at 2+, Ludgate Hill, E.C.

Address ............. . , .. .. ..... .. ...... ....... " .................. "........ ".... "............. ,.''' ...:............:.. T his Insurance is limited to one Coupon to each holde;, and IS not IT,.validated by any Insurance with this or any other Acc~d~nt ,Com~an). I t is subj ect to the ordinary cond!tio.ns of the ASSOCIatIOn s Acclde~t Policies, and is in force from mldmght, 1st February 1896, until midnight, 1st March, 1896.

l'riu~ for thlj Pl'Opri(;ltora by W. J. ~oJ). , 88, Cl(;ll'kenwell Road,lI.lld publilhed bl MU p ,u)l1Ut I1dld REE" , 11, L\lclge.to Hill, E.C.

$ t.

"wO RK . PRICE ONE PENNY.

30hn Bmbulance :fJ3rigabe. SECOND AJ'.:l\UAL CO -FEREXCE.

above Insurance Company to the Legal representatives of any person killed by an . accident to the train in which the deceased was an ordmary passenger, or who shall have been fatally injured thereby, should deat~ result within 2.4 hours after such accident. Provided that at the time of such accIdent the person so killed or fatally injured was the owner of FI~ST AID for the current month, containing thi.s Coup~n legibl;: SIgned with his or her usual signature in ink or penCil, both time and sIgnature being of the essence of the contract.

Signature...................................................................... .......................................................... .

A M B ULANCE

MARCH, 1896.

senger Trains i n Great Britain & Ire la nd. ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by the

£1 0D

VOLUNTEER A:\1BULANCE SCHOOL OF INST RUCTION. Presidmt-MAJOR ANDI<EW MA CLURE, late 1..S.R.V. O(jices-7, St. Benet Place, Gracechurch Street, E.C. Lectures at H ead-quarters, 20th Midtllesex (Artists') R.V., Duke's Road, Euston Road, at 7'30 p.m. Wednestlay, March 4th, The Lungs and Resp iratio n. The Causes and Treatment of Shock.-Wednesday, Ma rch I Ith, The Treatment of the Apparently Drowned Burns a nd Scalds. Surgeon-Captain J. Cagney, M.D., Artists' R.V. -Wedne sday, March 18th, In sensibili ty; Causes and Tre~t menl. - \Vedn esday, "1 ;]rc h I 5th, The Symptoms and Treatment of POi soning. Surgeon-Captain G. Ferguson, i\I.B., London Scottish R.V.

WITH ardour undamped by the threatening clouds and gloomy weather, our friend s, the provincial offie ~rs of the Brigade, began to assemble at St. John 's Gate shortly afler II o'clock on the morning of February 29th. Needless to say that as the early arrimls found their way up the somewhat steep staircase leading to the "Brigade Room" they were warmly welcomed by the genial Brigade Chief Superintendent W. J. Church Brasier, and no less heartily by Chief Superintendent Morgan and his staff of the Metropolitan Corps. As substantial evidence of their pleasure in greeting their pro\'incial comrades Chief Superintendent Morgan and Quartermaster Trimmer had, with admirable fore thought, provid ed am ple refreshmen t for the jaded tra~ellers, many of whom had travelled long distances to attend the second Ambu lance Parliament. RE CEPTIO~

BY THE EARL OF LATHO.:\I, (LO RD CHA:'IBERLAIX.) Having done ample justice to the fare provided, th e Oon ference members were braced up for the first piece of serious business, namely, the reception by the Earl of Lathom and other members of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. After sign i ng the roll in the receptio n room on the ground floor of the historic Gate, the Conference members headed by the Metropolitan Corps slowly filed through the Chapter Room of the Order, where they were receivetl by the Earl of Lathom, who was supported by se \'eral members of the Order, in cluding Lord Knutsford, Sir Herbert Perrott, Mr. Macl ea n, Dr. Freshfield, Sir Alfred J ephso n, R .X., the Commissioner, Colonel F. T. Thackeray, Deputy Commissioners Colonel C. B. Bowdler (1\"0. I District), C. E. Milnes Hey (No·3 District), Brigade Chief Superintendent \Y. J. Church Brasier. TH E LU TCHEON. The recept ion over, adjournment was made to the Sessions House H ote l where lun cheon was served. Colonel Th ackeray presided, supported by Lord Knutsford and se\'eral leading members of the Order, and over 70 guests, amongst whom we were glad to see severa l Nursing Sisters. THE CONFERENCE. A year ago we were able to congratulate the Brigade on its very successfu l conference at Northampton and we ventured to express the hope that it would be t he first of a long series of equally successful annual Ambulance Parliaments. T his year we a re able to chronicle that the re is every prospect of that hope being realised. Owing to the excellent arrangements made by the Conference Committee, and more especially by the efforts made to carry out those arrangements by Brigade Chief Supt. Church Brasier, Chief Supt. Morgan, and Supt. Secretary Edwards, a nd others, the meeting, whi ch a ssembled in the Board Room of the Holborn Guardian s, was undoubtedly the most representati ve meet ing of the St. John Ambulance Brigade ever held. The room was emi~1ently adapted for the purpose, and was just spacious enough to accommodate the" Conferencers" who asse mbled to discuss Brigade business The chair was taken by Col. Thackeray, R.E., V.C., C. B.. at two o·clock. The following is as nearly as we can ascertain a list of those present :-Viscount Knutsford, Sir Herbert Perrott, Ba rt. Deputy Commissioners: Col. C . B. Bowdler (No. I Di strict), C. E. "Iiln es H ey (::\0. 2 District). C. J . Trim ble (1\"0. + District). Brigade Chief uperintendent : W. J. Church Brasier. Chief Superintendents: II. Beck (llanclsll'orth), J. II. Bu ck ley (Lei cester ), W. Bolton (Nelson), J. Ma lkin Copeland (Potteries), J. C. Derham (Bl"ckpool), G . \Villiams Freem:lll (Shrewsbury), J. llaym an (Brigade Staff), M. JI opper (Hu ll ), IV. II . ilIorgan (,yIetropolitan Corps), L. icho lson (Burnley), J. Perry (Northampton), Lieut.-Col. E. J. De Salis (POI tsmo uth ), F. S. Trenery (Kettering), 1.. Whittaker (Accrington), T. II. W oolston (Wellingborough). Chief Surgeons : W. E. Audland (Wellingborough), C. II. Milburn (Hull) , S. O sborn (Metropoli tan Corps). lIon. Surgeons: Surgeon-:\Iajor W. II. 131111 (Stony Stratford), W. J. Hunter ("f etropolitan Corps), R. J. Roberts (Lowesto[t, G.E.R .), A. C. Tunstall (Metropolita.n Corps) J. F. Woods (Metropoli tan Corps). Hon. Dental Surgeon: A. Alb er t: Lady Superintendent: Mrs. \V. J. C h urch Brasier (Metropolitan Corps). *S uperintendents: T. F. II. Briscoe ( Metropolitan Corps), .. This 1i~t in<"111(\('~ Sllpf'I'intellc1cnts or 'torcs, Superin(endellt l'n.'aSlll'el'S, aud uperinte lltlell t Secretaries.

FIRST

G Chillincyworth (Metropolitan Corps) W. R. Edwards (~letropolit.an

C~rps), E. R. Goodwin (Metropolitan Cdrp~), C. Heathcote (\Vinsford),

J. W. Higgins (Higham Fe.rrers), A. J. Hdl. (G. E. R.), T ~ H. HI~Lon (Wellingborough), S. T. rhpwell (Metropoht.a.n Corps), \\. J. lIOl ton (~letropolitan Corps), E. Hodgson (i\Ietropohtan Corps),. H. Holmes (Darley Dale), H. Humphries (Bath), n. Ilett (Me.tropolItan COl:PS), E. T. Krause (Hull), C. W. Lane (Kettering), C. Nlcholso.n (W~lilng. borough), F. H. Oldham (Crewe), J.~. Olley (i\fetr0'p0iltan Corps) C. F .. Olney (Xorthampton), T. A .. Pall1ter (i\le~ropolItan Corps), A. Paull (Metropolitan Corps), S. B. Piers (i\Ietropo!Jtan Corps), W. J. II. Pontin (Metropolitan Corps), W. H. Reeves (~orthampton), G. J. R obinson (Metropolitan Corps),]. F. Roche (Aylesbury), E. R oper (Leicester), J. F. Shelley (~erne Bay), E. E. Street (Chlcheste~')' S. Swanton (Preston), A. J. Tnmmer (i\[etropol!tan CO~'ps), \~. H. \1 111ny (Metropolitan Corps). First Officers: C. E. Chnch (l~a\'ersham), G. T. Cooper pletropolitan Corps), J. H. Dawson (Darley D~le), W. T. Hu stwayte (;\Ietropolitan Corps), B. Jenning~ (Metrop.?lJtan Corps), D. C. H. J essop (Oxford), G. Keary (LlVerpool Street, G.E.R.), W. D. Liddell ("Ietropolitan Corps), A. Roberts (Great Yarmouth), W. Sharman (Metropolitan CorI?s), H. Str~tton (G.E.R.), W. Ulph (Ipswich , G.E.R.), ~. G. WIse ~Cambndge, G.E.R.). Second Officers: H. E. Hankm (M.etropolltan COI:PS), E. J. Kimber (i\Ietropolitan Corps), J. C. Lmes (i\letropolltan Corps), T. O. i\lein (G.E.R.), G. A. !rory (NorWIch, G.E.R.), E. A. Wicks (Ipswich, G.E.R.), R. W Warnngton (G.E.R.), T. Zelly (~en church Street, G.E.R.). Third Officers: E. A. Clear (Me~ropo!ttan Corps), R. J. Thornton (0i' elson). Hon. Secretary.: Supenntendent W. R. Edw .. rds. Hon. Assistant Secretary: Supenntendent IV. II. Winny. Colonel Thackeray addressed a few words ot welcome to the members of the Conference. He said he was pleased to announce that the Brigade had steadily improved during t.he past year, and now numbered 1+7 surgeons, 769 nurses, and 6,+I7, ambulance officers and men. After the formal business of readll1g and confirmmg the somewhat "oluminous minutes of the previous Conference had been di sposed of, the agenda was considered seriatim. Superi~tendent Paint.er m~ved and First Officer Liddell seconded, a propOSItIOn that certall1 whIstle calls should be adopted throughout the Brigade. A[ter some discussion in which Lord Knutsford, Brigade Chief Superintendent Brasier, Chief Superintendent Derham, and Superintendent \Vinnytook part, it was agreed on the motion of Superintendent Secretary Hill, seconded by Chief Superintendent Woolston, that the matter should be refe~Ted to the Commissioner and that he be requested to Issue ll1structlOns thereon. On the motion of Lord Knutsford, seconded by Brigade Chief Superintendent Brasier, it was further a~re.ed that if the whistles were to come into permanent use the CommISSIOner should be requested to issue instructions as to the manner in which they should be worn.

.J.

DEPUTY COi\L\IISSIONE RS AKD THEIR DISTRICTS. A motion by Chief Surgeon Milbu!'n, seconded by Chie~ Superintendent Hopper, to add to the number of and re-arrange WIth regard to their geographical pOS~tiOIl the ~istric~s as~igne~ to the Deputy Commissioners aroused conSIderable dISCUSSIO n, ll1 whIch Lord Knutsford, Deputy C~mmissioner Milnes Hey, peputy Commissioner. Trimble, Brigade Chief Superintendent BraSier, and ChIef SuperIntendent Derham took 'par~. ~rhc Deputy COl:rmissioners. pointed o~t that.to re-arrange theIr dlstncts would only IIlcrea~e theIr present dlfficultl~s in securing accurate relurns, and would disarrange and delay theIr work. Several speakers thought that the whole q~e~tlsn was a. matter of discipline and should be referred to the Commlssl.oner. U:ltll11ately at the instance of Lord Knutsford, seconded by ChIef Supenntendent Derham the following amended resolution was agreed to : "That for the pur{lOse of securing more clos~ and. constant supervision, the Commissioner be requested to appoll1t ASSIstant CommISSIOners where in his opinion, it may be found desirable." Colonel T~ac~eray having expressed himse.lf fa\'ourable to an arrang~ment. of dlstncts based on County boundanes, and not o~ arblt.rary straight hn.es as at pr.esent, the next motion on the paper deallllg WIth the same subject was Withdrawn. DISTI TCTIVE BADGES TO DENOTE RANK. Chief Surgeon I\'lilburn moved, and Superintendent Secretary Krause seconded tha t there shall be distinctive badges to denote the rank of each offic~r. This motion was fully discussed by Chief Superintendent Derham Superintendents Goodwin, Winny, Heathcote, and others, and wa~ finally agreed to unanimously. On the further motion of Superintendent~ ~ainter and Winny !t .was decided to appoint. a committee conslstll1g of Deputy CommISSIOner Colonel Bowdler, ChIef Surgeon Milburn, and ~hief Superintendent ~o?lston, to consider .the whole matter, together WIth the best manner of gn'lllgeffect to the motIOn. CA;\IP. II <Lying [or the presen l.dispos{ d of ~I~e uni form qu est ion, the Conference proceeded to consluer a I r Ll I oSItIon by Supt. IIeath cc. t e, to bold a BriO'ade Camp in the :\lidlands. lIe admitted that last year's camp at \ \'~stO'a le was a thoroughly enjoyable one, but not a representative one. The only way to gel a camp thoroughly to represent the Brig:J.de

[March, 1896.

AID.

as a whole was to holu it in a Midland District, easy ?f access to ~1l members o[ the Brigade. The discussion ,,:as contll1 ued . by ChIef Supt ·Woolston the Brig-ade Chief Supenntendent, Cblef Supt. Mor;an a nd olh~rs. In the course of the discussion several speakers spok~ hiCYhly of the instructive value of the annual camp", a~1d the benefit tg the health derived by those attendlllg tbem. The motl,on wa s finally carried without opposition, it. being understood, that subject to the necessary permission being obtallled, ~he ne:,t ca~p should be held at Lilford Park in orthamptonshire about WhItsun tIde. It was a~so decided that steps should be taken to secure a thoroughly repI:esentatlve competition for the" Symons Eccles" Challenge Cup eIther 1n L?nd on or at camp; the competition to be open to all members of the Bllgade and the team to consist of one officer, one supernumerary officer, and eight men. . On the motion of Supt. Secreta ry Hill, the Iollowin~ resolutIOn was agreed to "That the Commissioner be req~ested t.o wnte a letter to the Generall\Ianagers of the Railway Compan~e~ askll1g them to extend to the St. John Ambulance Brigade, the pnvllege now gran~ed t? the Volun teer Forces of travelling at a reduced rate when on duty ll1 ul1lform or on the production of a certificate." BRIGADE CLUB . It was also agreed at the instance of Chief Sypt. \Voolston "That ~ Committee be formed wi th power to add to their number to dm(t, fOI the approval of the Commi:sioner, a code of rules for a St. John.Ambu. lance Brigade Club, and If such approval be granted, to fOI m and manage a club." The following committee was elected to manage ~he Club with power to add to their number :-Brigade ChlefSupt. BraSIer, Chief Supts. Morgan, IIayman, Derham and W~:lOls~o~, S~pts. Edwards and Trimmer. A discussion ensued as to certall1 dlstll1ctlve badges for se rgeants ane privates, it being .ultimately a~reed to r~fe~' th~ .matter to the Committee previously appoIl1ted to conSIder the dlStll1CtJ\ e badges for ofucers uniforms.

NEXT YEAR'S CONFERENCE. An invitation was read invitin g Conferen ce to come to Bir~enh ead next year. A warm invitatio.n 1.<;> g<;> to. Blackpool \.\·as also given. by Chief Supt Derham. A cyel1lal lI1VltatlOn from ChIef Supt. Buc kle~, who humOl:ously all ud ed fo the" woolly backs:' of Leicester and theIr welcome, finally induced the Conference to deCIde on the last named place. . I' The following Conference C oml.mtte~ ~vas elected for. t 1e ensul~1g year :-Brigade Chief Sup1. BraSIer, ChIef Surgeon IIIbul n, qhlef Supts. Hayman, Morgan, Perry, Derham, "'oolston and Buckley, Supt. Secretary Hill. Supt. Winny was elected lI on. E=~cre tary, and S~IPt. R oper Hon. Assistant Secretary. After some dISCUSSI?J1?n the q uestl ollS of prin ting minutes of future Conferences and compdatlOn o~ BI.I?,ade Reports bu< iness "vas concluded by a vote of thanks to the vhall man and to the Secretary. The Confer~nce which sat for nearly four hours was carried out in a thoroughly busll1ess lIke and earnest mannel.

THE CONFERENCE DINNER. IN the evening the annual dinner was held .at th~ .I\ f anche~~er Hotel Alderscyate Street. Colonel Bowdler Ipreslded, Chid Supellntende~t ;\! org:n occupying the vice chair. Ther.e \~'as a large a.llendance, and amongst those present were Deputy CommlsslO~er C" iYlIin,es H~y, Brigade Chief Superintendent W. J. Church BraSIer, .Chlef Supenntendents Woolston (Wellingborough), Buckley (Lelce.ster), Perry (Northampton), Hopper (Hull), and Hayman (Metropo!Jtan COIyS) ; Superintendents 'vV. R. E~wards, OI.ley, Briscoe, Ileathcote, ~all1ter, Roper, 'vVinny, Paull, HIpwell, Chlllll1gwOI:th, and Reeves, Hon. Surgeons Mil burn a nd W. J. Hunter, Ca~tall1 (~ondon Sah·a.ge Corps) Superintendent Palmer (Metropo!Jtan hre Bngade), Super~n. tenden!: Adams (London Salvage Corps), ~hief I.nspector Paln:er (C ity Police), Captain Reynolds (Ley ton Flre Bngaue), Captall1 Dale (Leystonstone Fire Brigade), and others. I After the Royal toasts had been d~ly honour.ed, The Chairman called upon ChIef SupeTintenden~ Woolston to perform a Ii ttle ceremony, which would be of great lI1terest to all. (Cheers). . . d Chief Superintendent'vV(}olston said that It had often been remar~e that the life of a policeman was not a happy one, and he could testIfy, having conducted ambulance classes amongst poli ce~en, th.at ~here w~re a great many cares and responsibilities co nnected WIth theIr hfe. Like the :police, the ambulance officer's life wa'S not always ~ happy one. He' (the speaker) had a great pleasure to perform that night, an~ he noL only telt it a pleasure but a great honour to act as th~ mout.hple~e of the provincial officers of the St. John Ambuln:nce Bngade 111 pI esentinO' to Brigade Chief Superintenuent BraSIer an addr~ss of concyr~tll lation on his promotion to that pOSItIOn. Mr . Brasle.r wa s weltknown to aJl of them, and hi s worth was thorough Iy appr~cla(~d. To make a )good business man a person must ~ ~ n e .an apprenllcesill p, and so it Was with an ambulance officer. ThelI: Chl~f Supenntendent bad passed through a thoroughly good a pprenllceshlp . . lIe had been

Xox

March, 1896.J

FIRST

a volunteer, an officer of Ithe Fire Brigade, and was for many years chief officer of the Metropolitan Corps, and it was mainly through his energy and ability that the Corps hau reached its present high standard of efficiency. He possessed that personal ~1agnetism. that was. so necessa ry in keeping men together, and tbey ll1 tbe provll1ces heartlly rejoiced that he bad been appointed to his present position, one particular reason being that he was a get-at-able man. They knew that they would find him at his post at Sl. John's Gate, always willing and ready to give advice to those in difficulty. (Cheers.) Chief Superintendent H ayman then read the address, which was beautiful:y engrossed and handsomely framed, as foll ows --" vVe, provincial officers of the St. John Am bulance Brigade, beg to offer you our sincere congratulations on your appointment as Brigade Chief Super intendent. vV e gladly recognise the many services you have rendered to the Brigade in general, and we feel sure that you will fulfil the duty of your office with credit to yourself and benefit to the Brigade. While assuring you of our hearty support and co-operati0n, we sincere ly wish you many years of health and strength to carry out the duty entrusted to you." Brigade Chief Superintendent Brasier, who was loudly cheered on rising, said be hardly knew how to express bis thanks to the provincial officers for their kindness, and to Chief Superintendent Woolston for his too flattering reference to his ~erv i ces . (" No. ") He could say, however, that in t he future, as in the past, whatever t heir difference s of op ini on might be, tbey would bear in mind that they were all working for one great cause, wbich they bad so much at heart, and so much honoured. He would always look upon the address with pride, and he was sure it would g-ive satis[ac:ion to his family. It would serve to show when he had left this world to those who remained behind that he had endeavoured to do his duty, and hislbrother officers had given him the credit of having done so. (Cheers.) Dr. Milburn gave the toast, "The Order of St. John," and referred to the object of the Brigade, and the excellent work it had done and was doing. Deputy-Commissioner Milnes Hey, in replying, said the order '~'as quite an ancient institution. It was formed as far back as Edward If . 's reign, anu although the character of the work was changed from what it was in the old days of the Crusades, ,there was still plenty of good, useful, and important work to be done. (Hear, hear.) Brigade Chief Superintenden t W. J. Church Brasier, in proposing the health of "Our Provincial Comrades," sa id the toast wa s one that was always well received by the members of the Metropolit:1 n Corps, and required \'ery little introduction from him. They in the Metropolis a few years ago became associated with their provincial brethren, and they knew their work, and they were always pleased to meet them either in the tented field or engaged in street duty. (Ileal', hear. ) They could well say of them the more they knew of them the better they liked them. lIe trusted that the spirit of co-operation would be fostered amongst them, that they would bear in mind, whethe r they belonged to the Metropolitan or Provincial Corps, that they were officers of one Brigade, and in everything they did they should wor k thoroughly together. (Hear, hear.) The Conference held tbat afternoon had passeu off well, and although they h:1d differences of opinio n the proceeJings had be.::n of an .amicable character. He trusted that next year they would have a stdl better record of work than they had had in the previous year. (Ilear, hear.) Chief Superintendent Woolston, in reply, saiu the Con ference did much good in bringing fOl-ward new ideas and fostering fresh plans for future work. It had been carried out in a thoroughly businesslike and official manner; and if they had di sagreed, they hau expressed dissent in a purely gentlemanly spirit. lIe thoroughly endorsed the remarks of Bl igade Superintenuent Brasier that they should be loyal to the Order of SI.. John. They, the Provin cial Corps, were perfectly fri endly with t he Mellopolitan Corps, and were prepared to work with them hand in hand, prepared, in fact, to be brothers in word and deed. (lIear, hear.) Chief Superintendent Hayman proposea the toast of" The Visitors," and Mr. Tinpenny briefly replied. Brigade Chief Superintendent Rrasier gave the toast of " The Sister Services," which, he said , included the City Police, the Metropolitan Fire Brigade, and L ondon Salvage Corps. Those who had been on duty in the City of L ondon knew that they owed a great deal to the chief officer down at Old Jewry. When the police wanted their sEn'ice that of the Brigade wore only too pleased to work should!'r to shoulder with what he considered the finest police service in the world. (Hear, hear.) '1 hey were also justly proud of their Fire Brigade and Salvage CorfS, whi ch did splendid work . (Applause.) In spector Palmer (City Police), Captain Fox (London Salvage Oorps), and Superintendent Pierce (Metropolitan Fire Brigade) briefly replied. Chief Superintendent Morgan proposed the health of "The Chair~an," Colonel Bowdler, who had attended the meeting at considerable Inconvenience to him self. Colonel Bowd ler, in reply, said he took a very keen interest in Ambulance work, and would do all he could to make the Metropolitan Corps even more efficient than .at present. (Cheers.)

A I D.

The toast," Our H onorary Surgeons," was duly honoured and to by Dr. IIunter. The toast-list was interspersed with a capital mu sical programme, contributed by memcers of the Brigade. repl~ed

CHURCH PARADE. On the Sunday morning, by special permissio:r of the Queen, Patron of the Order, a service for members of the BrIgade was held at the Chapel Royal , Sayoy. . In spite of a continuous downpour of ram, 250 member~ of the Metropolitan Corps mustered at Head-Quarters, and accompal1Jed by a considerable number of Provincia l officers marched to the a lternate music of no less than three bands to churcb. The somewhat limited space in the Chapel R~yal was crowded to i~s utm ost limits, amongst those present being VI SCO tll1t Knutsford, SIr Herbert Perrott, Col. Thackeray, anu others. The sermon was preached by Rev Paul \Vyatt, one of the Chaplains to the Order. In the co urse of an eloquent discourse, the preacher eulogised tbe work done by the :'\ursing sisters an~ men of the. St. John Ambulance Brigade, worthy successors, . he saId, o~ the ar.cl~nt Crusaders. On the other hand, being so often In contact With suffenng they might from it a lesson learn, to bea; hardship with patience, a.nd that a weak frame often co ntained a li on s heart. He concluded WIth a few historical remarks with reference to the Chapel in whi ch they were assembled. ----:0:----

jfirst gill' l'tforb. BETH . AL GREEN.-On Friday, the 7th of February, a b~teber just startincy business was auvertisinO' it b)I means of a band, wblch started " I:> • playing ju:;t as a brewer's dray passed,. s~a]'tling the horses a~d causlllg a panic. Three or four persons were lIlJured, but more partIcularl y an old lady abo ut 60 years of age had a ruptured varicose vein and fractured leg, whi cb were successfully treated by Fortman Porte~', of Hoe Street Station, and W. R. King, of the Bethnal Green DIVI SIon. Upon the doctor's arrival she was ordered to the hcspital, and he expressed hi s approval of the work done. The accident occurred close to St. rames' Street Station, \Valtham stow. ·WE:>.lI3LEY.-A serio us accident occ urred at "'embley on Saturday evening-, 8th February. Shortly after eight o'clock a .coal-~art com ing from Kew Bridge, and driven by John Singleton, of :\ ew :\ orth Road, Brentford, was passing the corner of Montrose c;r~scent, when the dri\'er was either shaken or fell off the ca rt, sustamll1g a compound fracture of the right leg. IS upt. Pauli, of the local D.ivision of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, \las quickly called, and WIth se\'eral other members rendered the unfortunate man" first aid." He was afterwards taken on the ambulance to Dr. Goddard, who finished the work of making Singleton comfortable for the journey to the University College Hospital, to which he was taken under the charge of Supt. Paull, and Messrs. Covington, Goss, and Lintern. On arriving at the bo spi~1. 1 it was found that the leg bad been broken in two places; the broken limb was set by the hou se· surgeon . The members of the a mbulance returned to \Vembley by the last train, after performing a very successfu l evening's work, and one wortby of much praise. GLASGO\\".-On the afternoon of Saturday, the Ist of February, a foo tball maLch was bei ng played at Kenniehill, when one of the players, nam ed Joh n Stobbie, fell , and was unable to rise. He was being calTieu off the field by his co mrades, when l\ orman Lock e, John Napier, and William McXi col (members of the 23rd Glasgow Company of the Boys Brigade), being spectators of the game, went to hIS assistance, when they found h e had sustained a fracture of the right tibia at its middle third. Tbey at once sent a messenger to the nearest telephone to rin g up the Ambulance wagon. \\' hile they. put up the fracture, they uti Iised the leg· guards of th.e playe~' as splll1ts, and their handkerchiefs as bandages, and by the time tbelr dressl.ngs were completed the Ambulance wagon had arrived, and the patIent safely removed to the Glasgow Royal Infi rmary. I should mention it is only a few weeks since the 23rd Company of the" Boys Brigade * commenced a co urse of instru ction in "first a id," under the teaching of ill r . \Villiam II. \Vood, of the St. Andrew's £\mbula nce Association. FATAL ACCLDE:-IT.-On the occasion of th e accident to Captain Shepherd, Royal Artillery, whi::h sad occurrence happened in the hunting-field on Sa turday, January r8th, on Ludshot Common, about a mile from Headley village. Fortunately, Dr. Parsons, who was also in the field, was soon on the spot, and rendered the unfortunate officer all available help. The doctor despatched a messenger off to the schools for the stretcher, and upon several of the members of the local class of St. John , \mbulance i\ssociation hearing of the sad news they proceeded to the scene of accicient, and under the direction of the doctor placed the patient on the stretcher, and assisted i.n removing him to Grayshotl Hall, the residence of A. Ingham Whltaker, Esq., J.P. The unfortunate gentleman dieu from the injuries rec~I\'ed to the membrane and spina l cord on Sunday, January 19th. The f)'lends ot tbe deceased lex pressed themseh'es deeply grateful to Iessrs. C. H. Beck J. Fuller, a nd W. Triggs, who were the members of St. John Ambldance Associa tion.

FIRST

IMPORTANT NOTICE. We beg to give notice that this Journal will in future be published on the 1st of the month. In order to IDeet the requirements of the trade, it must be actually published by the 25th or 26th, so we must ask. all our correspondents to send in their contributions by the 22nd at the latest. TO ADVERTISERS. As no paper at the present day can exist without Advertisements, we begto draw the attention of Advertisers to this JournaL It has been in existence for 21 months, nas a steadily increasing circulation, and is the only Jourr,al cf its kind circulating am~)Dgst firstaiders in all parts of the world, and IS read by thousands every month. These art) facts worth knowing and digesting.

• TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. F OR 12 months, IS. 6d., post free, to be sent to t~1e Publishers, Alan Palmer & Reed, II, Ludgate HIll, London, E.C. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-" ARTERY, LONDON."

FIRST AID NARCH I, 1896.

FROi\1 letters that have appeared at different DOCTOH.S times in the columns of one of our conA:-.ID temporaries, it appears that so~e misTECH~ICAL apprehension exists amongst medIcal mt'n I:-.ISTRUCTIO:-.l as to payment for the lec~ure~ and COl\DIITTEES. instruction given under the dIrectIOn of the Technical Instruction Committees or local committees that act in conjunction with the different County Councils. Some medical men seem to be under the impression that these lectures .are t~ be aiven free and do not look for payment of theIr servIces. /::: In orde; to make the matter plain, and also to inform those doctors who are not aware of the exact facts and the conditions under which the County Councils derive the money which is devoted to this object, we give some details and particulars gleaned from a pa~n~hlet recently issued by the St. John Ambulance AssocIatIOn. It appears that in th e year ending 3Ist March, 1894, a large sum of money, £768,768, was apportioned am<?n~st the counties and boroughs for the purpose of provldll1g Technicai education . The Science and Art Department has decided that Ambulance instruction comes WIthin the scope of Technical instruction; and, therefore, it follo,,,:s that a proportion of this sum (as e~c.h C<?unty C~)1m~ll may direct) can be spent on provIdll1g InstructIOn 111 ambulance work- that IS, first aid and nursing. We see that .p out of 49 Councils spent the whole of their share, and that eight spent only a portion-- Middlesex spending only £10,000 out of £22,000, and London £57,.000 out of £172,000. For the purpose. of arrang:111~ the expenditure a Committee is appolOted, conslst111g of members ofthe Council and outside persons selected for their capacity and experience. This Committee ?an either directly employ and pay persons for techl1l~al instruction or can contribute to the funds of polytechl1lcs and schoob of science and art and el'ening continuation schools; and, if any particular subject is required,. the proper course is to lay the scheme before th e committee with an estimate of its benefits and probable cost, such as a course of lectures on the subject proposed at each I'illage in a county or at selected centres most suitable for the spread of the instrw;:tio!1,

LMarch, 1896.

AID.

It appears that the County Coun~ils can. giv~ help to ambulance classes) either by allowmg theIr Director of T echnical Instruction or Oraanising Secretary, to make all arrangements, or 'by all~wing secretaries of variou '3 districts to make the necessary arrangements, or by assistina the classes of the Association. by means ' of a fixed o capitation or other grant. A few ll1stances ar~ given where the two former methods are employed, but It seems that most of the County Councils are in favour of giving arants and this is the point to which medical men ought 0' . to pay particular attentIon. These arants that are made by the County Councils show a gr~at variety in the manner of payment, indicating an ingenuity and fertility of ~·esource·t.hat ha ve, .doubtless) proved of a reat value to their respectIve commltte~s . As we have ~aid these arants .... ary-in Bedfordshire, "no 0 is to be applte . d to payment l~r C part of these'grants medical men lecturing." Are we to understand ~rom th~s that in this county the medical men ar~ to. give theIr services for nothing? Are the ~octors 111 thIS fa vou.red county so rich that they do not WIsh payme~1t for ser\,lces rendered? It seems strange. In Dorsetshue a grant of £10 is paid in respect of each ambulance class exa~1ine? In some counties the whole of the expenses are paId; m others a capitation grant is made, ranging from 3s. 6d. to lOS. a head, payable in an infinite variety of ways. . It will be gathered from the above facts ~h.at there ~ a larae sum available for the purpose of provIdmg techl1lcal instruction of every kind, and it does not seem fail: th~t ambulance classes should be starved because the object IS a philanthropic one, or that a medical man. should. be asked to give the lectures and necessary l.nstructIOn without the usual fee. ,Ve ambulance enthUSiasts owe a great deal to the medical profession) and without its constant help the work could not be carried on. Doctors bothinLondon and the provinces devote adeal of .... aluable time to ambulance work without thought of payment, but it is encroaching on th eir good nature too much to ask them to aive lectures free to classes that are arranged by, or rec~ive help from, Technical Instruction Committees. ----:0:----

}\aiIiua~

QImuuI;Ulte.

KI)lG'S CROSS (G.N.R.}.-This Divisio n held its first Bohemian Concert on Saturday, February 8th, at Beale's Resl:lU rant, Holioway R oad. W. J. Grinling. Esq. (the Assistant General ;\Irnager), presided, and prefaced the musical portion of tbe evening with a few remarks in regard to the ambulance movement and the work .o~ ~he Division. A capital programme had been prepared, and the DI\:l slon may be congratulated on having secured such talen.t. Nursing Sister Lines and Yliss Brown were both very well received by the large audience, and the humoro us songs of Messrs. \V. Ballard, T. Day, T. Hawkins Private Sebright, F. Taylor, and the Webb Bros. were to a large ext~nt responsible for the general f~elingof happiness am:! satisfaction that prevailed. In the more serious SIde of the entertainment Messrs. Cross, Dance, Jude, and Nicholls contributed, and with Mr. Chapman's concertin a solos, Mr. Maidme~t's recit;ttio.ns, and Mr. Stroulger's " Police Court" sketch, a. most enjoyable e.venmg w~s s\?ent. The Division was honoured by the presence of Brigade ChIef Supt. Brasier, Chief Supt. Morgan, Supt.-Secretary Edwards, First Officers Liddell and Lines and their ladies, and the N ursi ng Sisters, also by T. S. Carr Jackson, Esq., R. Parrish, Esq., a.nd other G.N.R. representatives. During the proceedings a telegram was received from the Cyclists' Division wi shing the King's Cross Division a pleasant evening. The concert was brought to a close ~y a hea rty vote of thanks to the chairman moved by the Hon. Surgeon, Dr. Brunton, and seconded by Supt. T.' A. Painter. Th~ Committee are deserving of the highest praise for the success attal\1~d. and th~ arrangements made f~r the comfort of their pOl.trons, and It IS but fau to.add the maJor portIOn of the work has fallen on the Hon. Secretary, First Officer G. T. Cooper, and the Musical Director, Third Officer E. A. Close, and the Hon. Treasurer, Second Officer" H. E. Hankin. The floral decorations were kindly supplied by Messrs, Bourne & Underwood.

.F IRS T

JYlarch, 1896.J

®ur ,ortratt ~aUer!? CHIEF SUPT. JOHN HARRISON BUCKLEY, F.R.A.S., LEICESTER CORPS, ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE. HE next Conference of officers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade is to be held in Leicester. The gentleman who s e portrait appears in our Gallery this month is the chief officer of the corps in that town, and his work there has largely been the meansofearni ng for Leicester a foremost position 10 ambulance work. Mr. J0 hn Harrison Buckley W::lS born in Lei c est e r on August 27tb, 18+0. He was educated at the British School in that town, and subsequently at the Borough Road College, London. He then proceeded to Yorkshire, and occupied a position as schoolmaster for four years. This, howeyer, did not agree with his constitution, and he re olved to return to his native town, where he entered the sen'ice of one of the leading coal merchants, and beca me chief clerk and cashier, which office he has filled for nearly 24 years, and is continuing to do 0, with credit to himself and all concerned. In the month of !fay, 1882, the ~ ubj ec t of our sketch received his first certificate of the St. John Ambulance Association, ann it was in November of that year that he, in connection with Mr. H. Brice, started an ambulance corps for Leicester. Mr. Buckley did not know of the existe nce of any other corps at that time. In 18 4 he was appointed Honorary Secretary of the male first aid classes under the Leicester Centre of the St. John Ambulance Association. This position he resigned in 1889, as in the month of June that year he was elected Chief Superintendent of the Leicester corps. Mr. Bllckley has been a member of the Leicester Centre since 188+ He has done a vast amount of ambulance work in connection with the formation of classes :.l11d organisation generally. He has been a leading spirit as regards public meetings and demonstrations, not on ly in the Borough, but also in th e county of Leicester. In February, I884) the Order of St. John elected him an Honorary Serving Brother of the Order in recognition of his services j1'O utzhtate lzomz'711tJJt . He thoroughly earned this distinction, and the honour thus conferred upon the chief officer was very warmly appreciated by all who know him and his good work in Leicestershire. Chief Superintendent Buckley, in addition to his other manifold duties, fi nds ti me for antiquarian research, and it IS to him a great delight to conduct hisfriendstosee the interesting relics and links with the past which abound in Leicester. It is not at all unusual to see Mr. Buckley's name in print, '.llll1ouncing that he will give a lecture on some portion of the historical aspect of his native county. He has a very interestina collecti ')Q of curios in his

AID .

house, and he is well greeted when within the walls of the splendid Museum at Leicester. It seems his cheery manners are always welcome wherever be goes. Mr. Buckley is extremely fond of the study of astronomy, and was honoured in January, 1894, by being elected a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society. We trust he may be long spared to fill the position he now holds, and to further the noble work he has so well at heart and so thoroughly in hand. - - --

: 0 : - - --

f),OU£l By "TOGRNIQUET." THERE is no doubt the ambulance arrangements at Toynbee Hall are calried on with great enthusiasm, and are a credit to all concerned. lI on. Surgeon \V. Black J ones, l\[. D., Supl. \V. H. Winn y, A.I.E. E., Second Officer E. J. Kim ber, and Staff Sergt. II. L. Jones one a nd all do their part in right earnest.

* *

I AM pleased to call attention to the second annual concert in aid of the funds of the T oynbee Hall Divi sion, which will be held at Toynl:::ee Hall , 2 , Commercial Street, E., on Tuesday, March 3rd, at 8 p.m:

***

TH E King's Cross G.X .R. Division's, St. John Ambulance Brigade, Bohemian Concert on Saturday, February 8th, at Beale's Restaurant, Holloway Road, appears to have been a gre~t success. \\'hatever Superintendent T. A . Painter t:tkes in hand is always well done.

***

No doubt others a~.si5ted \'ery greatly, so all must be congratulated .

*'"

I AM ve,y pleased to notice that Lady Secretary (:\[rs.) J. C. Lin es gave her valu:lblc! sen'ices, and ou r old frieno, :'I[r. Cecil Gr:x:!l11e, lI'as to the fore with his" ;\Ianip ulations du Chapeau."

*.* T HEAR that Chief Superintendent J ohn Harrison Buckley's portrait is to grace our P ort rait Gallery this month. Bravo! :\ stronomer, tl.ou ;>rt one of Leicester's famoLls sons .

** *

THAT good all-round officer of transport at Leicester, Superintendent J. E. Roper, C.E., is apparently a good a ll- round cyclist, for I note he has been appointed Chief Consul of the C.T.C. for Lei cestershire. More glory for West Street.

***

CHIEF SUPERI:-.ITENDE:-.IT JOH:-.I PERRY, of Xorthampton, was sighted in the Ambulance Station at St. Paul's Cathedral, and also some officers from H erne Bay and Faversh:lm.

***

CHIEF S UPERII TE. DE:-.IT T. II. \VOOLSTO); \I'as seen at Olympia a few nights since. Tommy look ed well.

THAT little book, "Condensed* Kotes (not milk) on First Aid ," jllst published at the office of this paper, fits into the waistcoat pocket. It is very cheap at fourpence, containinO', as it ooei, two very good charts. *** I HAYE seen some cards of rules and programme$ of the variollS Corps of t he St. John AmbuLnce Brigade. I must c0mpliment Secretary T. P. Chard, of R eading, and ;:\1,. 'al1l .\dams, of Bristol' they have la id out good wor k. '

, * MR. GEORGE CHIPPENDALE, Honorary Secretary of the Bradford Corps, seems determined to see progress in the gooJ old town of wool. * *

THE East London Brigade Bearer* Company's Bohemian at Crosby Hall, was a great success.

*'" *

1 SHOULD like to see some reports of the V .;\1 . . C. 's work in the co lum ns of First Aid.

* from 211 1'. \Vardle, of Kes\l ick, THE Editor ha s hand ed me a letter who has kindly offered a prize for another competition. I thank him heartily for it, and will announce the subject next month.

* *

My Conference otes w:ll be in *next month's iss ue - t ime has been too short. All I can say at present is that it was a gre:lt success, especially the dinner.

F I RST

3erl'\2 :f13utlbing. SPECIALLY CO, TRIBUTED. ( COllti1lIled).

IV. L the limited space at our disposal for the discussion of this astounding subject, it is not possible to enter very deeply into the multifarious tricks practised by jerry-builders. \Ve must content ourselves with laying bare the more salient features of their shortcomings, leavina numerous smaller items to be "discovered" by the reader now aroused to tht subject. It is a prolific field for enquiry, and one that will in course of time be purified by the investigating British public. Hitherto, the public have trusted to the appointed and paid authorities to protect their health and inlerests; but, for a people wh ose boast is that they put no trust in princes, why should they trllst authorities who haye personal interests to serve as well as the public?

Havin" made our fel\' comments on the building of the carcase, a few words upon the subject of WOODWORK A~D JOINERY will naturally follow. Upon the wood-work of the house much of the comfort of the occupier depends. Immunity from draughts depends upon the close fitting of doors windows, floor-boards, wainscotting, &c. Upon immunity from draughts depends the health, comfort, and well.being of the family. JERRY-B u ILDI;\G JOl:'lERY. It is no fiaure of speech to say that this class of work is "chucked .. toaether, an"'d, as a typical illustration, you can say that the door frame ota French casement, which should cost in labour and material about lOS. 6d., does not cost the jerry.bui IdeI' more than 2S. or 3S, out of which the material costs 9d. or IS. and the labour the rest. \Yhat wonder if such a frame warps and gapes! An outside door, too, with its draughts! Another instance of jerry·joinery is the way that inner door-frames are blundered together, ally" p:nting " at the sboulders being made good with plltty (" Beaumont teak "), and one ingenious bu ilder found that clay would fill in nearly as wdl as putty. Ag~in, we often wonder when sitting in rooms wbere tbe draughts come from that make the person so cold about the feet and legs. In vain they bind list round the doors and stuff up the sashes, the draugh t does not come from them. It comes from under the skirtings that gape from the floor· boards, and the floor. boards that gape from each other. The space between tbe floor and the ceiling communicates with the external air by means of yentilating bricks-a feeble effort of the builder to dry the house a bit. Consequently, the occ upant of the room is subject to a current of air that comes from outside, passes througb the damp and infected walls in to the space under the floor and around tbe skirtina. From this " coign of vantage" it finds its way readily enough into co~tact with the unfortunate occupier, and who can be surprised if sickness, i ll-healtb and suffer ing supenene ? To be subjected continuously to a shower bathof cold damp draughts, percolating through the colander called a room, and attacking chiefly the lower part of the body, not to mort than mention the chilled chest from tbe drauahtsof ill-fitting sashes and doorframes ; and that during severe winter \I~ather II hen bodily warmth is of the first consideration, what wonder that dwellers in "painted palaces," yclept" genteel villas," suffer from rold and its consequences even more acutely than the dwellers in barns! They are unprepared to meet them. I:\FEIUOR WOOD. \i-hen first put together the wood·work may fit fairly well. As the house dries inside the \Iood shrinks, because itis of the yery commonest and cheapest kind that can be bought. It not only shrinks as it dries, but ",arps, and twi5lS and curls until it is out of all shape and fitting proportions. Joists and rafters, &c., should be of good seasoned yelleII' deal, fairly free [rom knots anu sap. Sappy palts are the least durable of any t imber, and are the most subject to dry and wet rot. Ip stead of using yellow seasoned deal the jerry-builder works up white wood, wan ting in the essentials of stabi lity and durability, snapping easily, and breaking under lighter pressure than yellow wood would stand with security. One of tbe results of using white wood for rafters is that the roof sags and the tiles are thereby displaced and perhaps broken. This is frequently ~he cause of wet finding its way through comparatively new roofs. \\'bat will happen in course of time no manner of man can foretell. Thedrying heat of summer and the soakingwet weather will surely affect tbe spongy wood of tbe rafters j but whether the wood used be white or yellm\' it is invariably the cheapest and worst tbat can be bought in the market.

'Ve must now draw our remarks to a close. It is a gruesomely fascinating subject, and one that shrieks aloud for immediate legislation and rigid supen'ision ; but it is well to understand right here that no legislation will be invoked by the" authorities" so long as builders' and others fees are so plentifully knocking ab94t, Of that one may

[March, 18S6.

A I D.

rest assured. After the disclosures we have made here, and those without personal prejudice of any kind, simply and plainly, a~ a maLLer of public duty, the people themselves must sue for legIslatIOn. You must wake up and make a noise-unless you do that your chance of government protection is nil. If we are unable to stop the J erry-Builder in his downward course, we can, at any rate, hold out a friendly \VARNING TO THE THRIFTY. It is the very laudable ambition of all thrifty persons of the middle classes" to own a little shanty of their own." You can do this by join ina a Buildina Society, where you may be well treated or fleeced; but otone thing }~Ou can rest quite assured tha t unless the Building Society is connected and associated with the estate you cannot buy one of these "genteel villas" through tbem. An independent sound Buildina Society will not touch jerry-built houses, knowing that with all their'" smart appea ranee and modern fittings they will not be worth much in the course of a very little time. Th ey are painted Jezebels in earnest, and no particular value as security for money advanced. If you want to buy a jerry-built villa for your own, you can readily do so by applying to the' Agent." A large proportion of th e houses built on the" el igible estate fall i?to the hands of mortgagees. Advances are made on mortgage to bUIlders. a l we have already seen. and in the not unusual sequence of events, the builder cannot meet hi s obli~ations and the 1l10ltg-agee forecloses. Now is the time to rebait the hooks and catcb tbe th'fifty! The builder has already been skinned alive. HOUSES TO IlE SOLD. ALL MO DERN III1PROYEMENTS AND FITTINGS. Sl:ITAULE TERMS TO RESPONSJULE PERSONS. The suitable terms are £50 down, and the remaining £300 in term s extending over a certain number of years. This system is represented as being one by which you pay a little III excess of the u su~l rent, and buy your house in a term of years. In the case of a well-built house, the scheme is good enough if you can stand the strain of an excess on your rent. Once fail to meet this, and you lose your shot. It is worth consider ing either \\'ay. With a jerry-built house it means that you will pay an excessive rent, and lose your" bargain" anyway. You will be called upon to pay in addition to an excessi\'e rent an extortionate ground rent, jumping from £5 to £6 ros. in a moment. You will have to do all YOllr repairs, and the~e will not be a little as years creep on. A very few years-long before your house is purchased, likely enough-the defects in building will be glaring in upon you, and ultimately you will try to get rid of your white elephant at the best price obtainable. 'Ve wonder what that may be ! II

let zt be partiwlarly obsen/ed that all all Jerry-Buill estates the houses are more oftelZ to be " SOLD" than" LET."

----:0:----

<tI:orresponbenrc. [We do 1I0t necessarily identify Olll'se/ves with the opillions held by our orresDon.ients an .l cOlltributors.l i\IICROBE-PHOBIA. To the Editor 0./" FIRST Am." SIR,-I have read the lengthy reply your contributor h~s made to my letter in the February number of your journal, and wish to make a few observations on the following statement, which, I gather, is the result of the many years stu:!y your contributor has devoted to the subject of Bacteriology. " That the tubes of sterilised brotb have undergone no change for six months cannot be shown until they are opened, and tben your correspondent must not be surprised to find that the broth is 110t so fresh as when it was sterilised and hermetically sealed . The explanation of that is to follow. .It is an old ./ash,oned experiment Ollt o.f whICh thp. bottom W 'lS k1locked twellty or more years ago." The following facts are well-known to anyone who has the most elementary knowledge of Bacteriology:-(r) Culture tubes of broth and other medi a are neve r hermetically sealed except in very rare cases. (2) On the contrary, the tuhes are closed by a plug of sterilised cotton wool, which keeps out the bacteria by filtration, but will allow the a'r and other gases to pass through. (3) Consequently, when any odour is given off frem the interior of the tube, it is very easily detected outside. (4) Tnbes which have been sterilised will remain so for an indefinite period. (5) There are many other tests, besides that of smell, which are always applied to the contents of a tube to ascertain if bacteria are present. (6) The tube can be opened with suitable precautions, and its contents examined without bacteria entering from the air. I will not trouble your readers with further quotations from your contributor's letter, as I think the above example will show on which side of this controversy there is " accuracy of know ledge."-I am , &c., W. BLACK JONES, M.D., B.S. (Lond.) Honorary uraeon l St, John Ambulance Brigade. February 23rdl 1896,

FIRST

March, 1896.J

Dear Mr. Editor,-'\Vbat tS your correspondent driving at? I do not wish to be thought discourteous, or I should forsake this .:orrespondence at that. I am profoundly ignorant of n'Hlny things, I am fain to confess, but of nothing am I so profoundly ignoran t as of what your correspondent is seeking to prove, or disprove, or improve by his repeated personal attacks upon me, even tbough he be trebly armed with the "most elementary" experiments in which ,he is indulging his :>pare time and which seem to afford him so much self· gratification and entertain~ ment. What does he suppose it signifies to me whether his tubes are hermeti cally sealed or merely stopped with cotton wool? The changes to which I refer occur in "sterilised" and hermetically sealed foods and" Pasteuri sed" wines are also subject to changes of a sim ilar nature; but these changes are not usually detected by the nose.: Dr. Black J ones ~vri tes as in Aatedty?f his" Culture Tubes II as th:mgh he were engaged 111 some deeply-laId scheme of occult investigation whereWIth he purposes some day-not yet, he has only reached the " m.ost e~et?en tary s~age '.' of germ cU.lture at present !~(that is, stopping thetr a~tlvlty by ~tenltsatlOn)-startlll1g the \~'orld of sCI~nce and shaking Bactenology to Its very elementary foundatIOn. He IS engaaed at the root, let the giant tree tremble! But, until Dr. Black Jonesco~descends to en lighten us a liule more as to the deep problems upon which he is so mysteriously occupied, his" Culture Tubes" must remain sterile so far as we are concerned, and he must not be surprised if we treat them with less awe than the housemaid who dusts "the eloctor's ,. mantel-piece. 1f Dr. Black·Jones is seeking to blow for himself a few t u bbles of reputation ;].t m'y expense, he must use my pipe and soapy water. 1 cannot meet him on any other than an advanced scientific platform, for, although not an old man yet, my elementary days are o'er. You Mr. Editur, and your intellectual readers, will excuse me therefore am sure, if 1 decline to occupy further space, ur waste more time 'in discussing problems with your correspondent, concerning which both he and I believe each other to be supremely ignorant. . !r~sting that this abrup~ treatm~nt of one correspondent may not mtlmldate others from entenng the ltsts of./nelldly dIscussion. I am, Sir, yours obediently, THE WRITER OF "MICROBE-PHOBIA." [This correspondence mllst now close .-EDITOR . ]

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gmbttlanu mi~plfI)! fit ®rcUltf)flll1. AN entertainmcnt of a somewhat unusual and no\'el character was

AID.

Taylor, illustrated the treatment of simple fractures and the metbod of stopplI1g bleeding in cases \\'nere an artery had becn severed. The King's Cross men next showed how patients are carried by form ing i 111provised seats with the hands and forearms. Then came a realistic scene of a house on fire. A ladder was quickly obt1ined and an ambulance man with a handkerchIef over nose and mouth ascended to one of the upper stories, and brought down with him a "subject" supposed to have been overcome by the smoke, and insensible. Another indi vidual was rescued in like manner from the lower part of the premises. This was done in order to illustrate the method of artificial respiration. This display was marked by the exceptional smartness that characterised all the work of the King's Cross team. The audience, of course, expected something unusually good from a corps that had ~he honour of carrying off the i\1assey-.\Iainwaring Challenge Cup, competed for by all the ,\mbulance Corps in the metropolis. That their expectations \\'ere fully realised, howel'er. we ran testify. Each man knew precisely Ilhat he had to do, and did it with military precision. Consequently, there was no confusion, and the 1\'01 k was done with the utmost possible efficiency. It must be a great comfort to the tra\'elling public to kno\\' that in the unfortunate ca e of an accident on the line there are lIell-trained men who, by the timely application of their skill, can treat a fracture or stop serioHS Ileeding until medical assistance arrives. Such ready aid c . nnot I'ery well Le ol·er·estimated. \Ve are glad to know that the station-master of Grantham (:\Ir. C. W. IVood) takes an especial interest in the \lork. He has himself gone through a full course of traini,'lg, and ohtained the medallion of tbe St. John Ambulance AS50ciation, thereby selling an admirable example to his subordinates. N eally all of the loc:!l men who appeared at the theatre on Thursday evening were posse~sors of the medallion. The London team consisted of the following :-Supt. Painter, First Officer and Secretary Cooper, Third Officer E. [\. Clear, Sergt. Hollis, Sergt. Harvey, Ptes. Clark, \Vingfield, Daniels, Scri\'en, and Wildman. The Hon. Surgeon of the Grantham Corps (Dr. Po')leBerry) was present at the display, and watched the work with the greatest attention and interest. He was highly delighted with eyel y_ thing he saw. As a result of the entertainment the satisfactory sum of £34 was realised, and, after the payment of expenses. it is expected that very nearly £30 will be handed O\'er to the institutions named at the commencement of this report. Mr. ,Yo "'hite kindly lent a piano for the concert.

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give~ a~ the Theatre ~oyal for the benefit of the Railway Bene\'olent

~t. ~oJ)n gmbulallff gssociatioll.

InstItutIon and the .RaIlway Orphanage at Derby. By kind permission of Sir lIenry Oakley, displays were made by a detachmen t of the King's Cross G.N.R. Division of the 1\letropolitan Ambulance Corps (holders of the Massey-Mainwaring Ch~llenge Cup), and the members of the G\an~ham Railway Am~ulance CI~sses. These displays formed the chIef Item~ of the entertaJllment, whIch .was supplemented, however, by an at~ract~ ve pro,gramme of . voca I and Instrumental music, given under tl~e .dlre~tlon of 1\lr. H. P. Dlc~enson. Th~ affall: took place under "ery dtstll1gUlshed patronage, the lI st of names II1cludlI1g the Duke of Rutland, K.G., the ~arquis and Marchioness of Granby, the Countess Brownlow, Lord Edward Manners, M.P., Sir 'V. E. 'Velby.Greaory Bart., 1\1r. IIy. Lopes, M.P., :\11'. IV. Younger, M.P. &c. An a1llbutnc~ display took place at the conclusion of the first part of the entertain ment. Four members of the Grantham Railway Class- ForemanCollector Dennis, Signalman Alcock, Telegraph-Clerk Cook and Engine-Cleaner Le~ger-under First. Officer Dent, appeared o~ the stage. It was explall1ed t~a~ the" patIent who was to undergo treatment had fallen from a trall11n motiOll, and had sustained a se\'erescalp w o~nd,. a fractured collar-bo ne, and a broken leg .. In remarkably qUIck time, the men g:ot to work, the bandages and splInts were applied, and .he was ~arefu II y !tfted .on the stretche.r for cOlweyance to hospi tal. An illustratIOn was then gIven how an II1Jurecl man is lifted from the stretcher and placed upon a bed at the hospital. Tbe Kina's Cross Corps next appeared. "'hen the curtain rose four men were discovered seated fJl deshabille. Upon receivjng the word of command they donned tunics, belts, land jappliances, and had the stretcher ready to pr.oceed to th:, sce~1e ~~ a suppos~d acc ident in three quarters of a mm.ute. The patient was then Il1troduced. It was explained to tbe audIence that the men would not be told what the injuries were but they had been written on a label affixed to the injured man's t~nic. Upon receiving the word to proceed with the treatment, each man took his proper position and went about his work \\'ith a smartness that evidenc~d l.ong an~ regular training. To judge by the extensive ban?agl~~ It. was eVident that the poor "patient" h ~d received very ternbl e II1Jur.les. He was bandIed WIth the u.tmostgentleness and very ~oon was lyll1g on the s~retcher and carned. off to an im<1ginary II1firmary. VVh en the woak bad been completed It was announced that the injuries treated were a fractured right thigb, a fractured left forearm, and a fractured jaw. Toward s the end of tbe second half of the programme another display of ambulance work was introduced. A d~tachI11 ent of Grantham m~n-Signalmall Coleby, Signalman Slote, S:gnal-Fltter Behag o ·, and TImekeeper Bennett -uncleI' Second Officer

HEADLEY (HANTs).-The result of the recent examination held by Dr. Russell, of Guildford, has just been recei\'ed-20 presented themseh'es for examination; 17 passed the first aid course, I final; total IS. The follOll'ing are the successful pupils:- Messrs. 'V. I1eather \V. Sweetman, L. Belton, \Y. Giles. L. Rogers, W. Triggs, J. F~lIer C. H. Beck, C. Chew, C. Fullick, W. Piggott, J. Munday, /I... Dee; W. i'llarsball, G. Glaysher, A. Walker, H. Bric\!;er (" first aid") E. David (final), member Farnham centre. For a detacbed \'illaae class thi s result reflects great credit on the lecturer, Dr. J. Parsons, ;nd his nephew. 1\11'. J. A. Parsons, i\I.B.C . .\l., who abo assisted in instructing the pupils. IpS\\·lCH.-,\ lecture was' given to the members of the XUI ing Corps on February roth, by :'Iliss Gethen, formerly ister Queen, ~f London Hospital, on " Good 1\ ursing, and how to <Yet it." .\liss Gethen spoke of many of the difficulties of nursing one's own friends in pri"ate bouses, and she spoke of the sympathy, tact, and firmness needed by nurses, and insisted on implicit obedience to the medical man. .At the end of the lecture Miss Gethen answered many questions, and all felt they had gained much from her common-sense remarks. The chair was ta~en by Mrs. I3artlet, in the una\'oidable absence of the presidenL, iIllss Coulcher. IpSWICH CORPS.-'\[r. Cuchow has undertaken the office of 110n. secretary, vacant by the resignation of :\1r. Field. Mr. Cuchol\'s First Aid Certificate is i\Iarch, 1892, and bis medallion 189+ In December .18 95, he ~uccessfully passed the nursing examination, so he is l'eall): Interested 111 ambulance work. \Ve hope the corps may continue to grow and flourish. KES\yICK.-Tbe first of a course of lectures to men has been O'i "en in the Parish Room by Dr. C. Gore Ring, hon. surgeon of the Ke~\I'ick Ambulance Brigade. There was a very satisfactory attendance which included first, second , and third year members. The subject' of the lecture was that of the official syllabus-viz. (r) remarks on the objects of instruction j (2) a general outline of tbe structure and functions of the human body, including a brief description of the bones, muscles arteries, and veins; the functions of the circulation, respiration, and of the nel'\'ous system . At the close of the lect me stretcher dri II was done by Messrs. Gardiner, Cutts, and Todhunter for the instruction of the new members. REAllL C.-The annual examination of the Re;].uing COIJlS was held ilt the Abbey G:lteway 011 the 6th or liebl·uar)'. Twenty men presented themseh'es, and all were passed by urgeon Rey as efflcient. At the close of the examination Supl. I3ea~, on behalf of the COlpS, pre-

FIRST

sen ted Surgeon Rey with a si lver cigarette-case, as a mark of esteem and regard, and as a slight expression of appreciation of the interest that Surgeon Rey takes in the corps. IVEMBLEy-FrRST AID LECTUREs.-We understand th;].t Dr. Goddard, at the invitation of the Harrow Technical Education Committee, will shortly commence a series of " First Aid" lectures in the district. -----:0---

~t.

jjofJn

~nllltlltlnce

l)rigabe.

CORPS . METROPOLITA BETHNAL GREEN G.E.R. DlnSION.-On the 27th of January the members of this Division mf!t together for distribution of certificates gained during the last classes, when 60 members presented themselves for examination, and successfully passed. The certificates were presented by Mr. II. G. Drury, Assistant Superintendent of the Great Eastern Railway Company. The chairman remarked how very pleased he was to see the keen interest taken in the work, and there was a large number of Ambulance men on the G.E.R., but he also hoped the time was not far distant when Every G.E.R. servant would be qualified to render first aid. The chairman was most ably supported by the Rev. A. F. W. Ingram, of Oxford H ouse i Dr. Thos. vYingrave, hon. surgeon; Mr. A. ]. Hill, hon. secretary G.E.R. Ambulance Corps, and Mr. F. G. Randall, secretary, Bethnal Green Division. The presentation took place at Holland Hall, Oxford House, Derbyshire Street. A friendly competition took place during the evening between members of the Division and Oxford House Division ~letropolitan Corps, which was very interesting, excellent work being done on both sides. The judges (Brigade Chief Supt. W. J. Church Brasier, Chief Supt. W. H. Morgan, and H on. Surgeon Heaton C. Howard, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., L ond .) gave the result-Bethnal Green 1st, .oxford House :lI1d . Supt. Brasier remarked there were faults on both SIdes, but the G. E R. Be thnal Green Division scored excellently in the viv(z l'OCt examination. He was also pleased to see the i~provement i~ the drill. .Songs and .recitatio~1s enlivened the proceedll1gs, and dunng the evenll1g the chaIrman saId he had another very pleasant duty to perform in presenting Mr. H. Stratton. the first officer, with a surgical case of instruments, to whom, with Dr. I\,ingrave, no doubt the Bethnal Green Corps owes its efficiency. . .. Un Thursday, 20th of February, the Bethnal Green G.E.R. DIVISIOn g ll"t: a display of ambulance work before an audience of nearly a tllOl:sand people, at the Public Hall, Canning Town, in connection with a concert for Signalman Salmon',; widow, of th3.t district. The wurk \\.lS .lone without a mishap,land was very much appreciated. PROVINCIAL CORPS. fAVERSHAM DIVIS1O:-I.-On the ISth February the members of this Didsion held a most successful entertainment in their local lecture hall, to provide funds for the purchase of a wheeled litter. Dr. Milnes Hey, the Deputy Commissioner, very kindly undertook to attend, and pleaded the desirability of acquiring the litter (in addition to the present facilities of the corps) in a very practical and pleasant manner to a crowded audience. The services of several gentlemen who are ever popular with the Faversham public rendered effic ient service to the vocal portion of the programme, 'which was followed by a series of dioramic slides, very ably introduced and lectured upon by the Rev. ]. Castle, \"ho is ever at home both with his subject and audience. The Committee of the Local Centre had allowed slides to be prepared of themselves, together with the officers of the Diyision, for the purposes of the entertainment, which added much to the local interest of the venture. During the evening it was stated that this Division, which has now been in existence for nearly five years, has done much service in the cause of first aid, having no less than 21 cases since June of last year, and numerically is progressing very satisfactorily, having as many as 41 on the roll. It is pleasing to learn that, after deducting expenses, the net profit amounted to £18 65. H ULL.-There was a gr<l.tifying attendance at the St. George's Hall, Storey Street, 011 Thursday night, on the occasion of the annual conversazione of the Hull Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. As on previous occasions, the proceedings began with a most enjoyable c:.ll1cert, the ~1isses Laverack opening with a capitally-executed pianoforte duet, entitled" Waltz Brilliant." Mr. G. C. Kirk was heard to advant..'lge in "The Storm Fiend." 11r. \Vatson supplied the comic part of the programme in his usual entertaining manner. A humorous sketch, entitled" Crossed Love," was clevelly sustained by the Misses Spear, Miss Brocklehurst, and Miss Smith, Messrs. B. H. Naylor, A. Whitehead, C. W. Smith, and H . H. Naylor. The Mayor, who was cordially received, said that he was pleased to be again associated with so many ladies and gentlemen in the ambulance movement. I t was only a few years since that movement was established in Hull, and in that short period it was gratifying to see that so many people had taken advantage of the opportunities afforded them of gainJl1g a knowledge of first aid . (Applause). Ilehoped that in the near future when they met a policeman in Hull they would be able to say of everyone that that

AID.

[March, 1896.

man was a member of the St. John Ambulance Corps. (Applause.) S ome years ago he took action on the Watch Committee, and since he had been appointed chairman he had taken an even gre<l.ter interest in urging that every constable should acquire a practical knowledge of first aid. Over 180 policemen had been under tuition, and arrange· men ts were bei ng made for every mem ber of the force to become proficient. (Applause.) He congratulated the society upon the excellent work which it had done, and h oped that it would continue to flourish. (Applause.) The Mayoress then oTacefully handed to the successful students the medallions and certificates won by them. The Rev. E. J. Tyser, in proposing a vote of thanks to the Mayor and Mayoress, spoke in eulogistic term s of the high respect and esteem in which they were held in the town. The Mayor h,ld no enemy, and no one failed to admire the Mayoress. (Applause,) The proposition was seconded by 1r. R. C. Brewer, and supported by Mr. H opper and 1\1r. Krause , and carried with acclamation. The Uayor briefly replied. Amongst tho se present at this stage of the evening were Councillor Laverack, the Rev. Mr. Tyser, Dr. l ilburn, and Dr. J. Waters. Dancing, whi ch occupied the second portion of the programme, wa~ kept up with spirit until a late hour. Much of the enjoyment was due to the excellence of th e arrangements, for which were responsihle the superintendent and hon. sec., Mr. E. F. Kra use, R. C. Brewer, C. H. Hare, and los. Stout. Mr. J. W. Fryer accompanied at the pianoforte. The d ecorations, which gave the h:dl a very pleasing ~appearance, were from the establi shment of Messrs. I-Iarland & Co .. Chariot Street. W ELLlNGDOROUGH.-During the month IS cases have been attended by the members. One case, that of a man being injured by a large fall of earth, dislocating the right hip, and fracturing the left thigh, was taken to Northam pton I nfil mary, a distance of 13 mi les from scene of accident. Four first aid and two nursing classes ale going through a cour"e of instruction, and as they are all in the outlying districts of Ollr centre it is earnestly hoped that a great deal of useful work will folio\\". Nur"e Pickering and her staff of assistants ;].re still kept pretty busy among the sick poor, and it is gratifying to know that the::ir services are thoroughly appreciated. EAST LONDON VOL UNTEEr- BRIGADE-BEAR ER COMl'ANY.-Th e Bohemian concert given by this Comp:ll1y in the Banqueting lIall, Crosby Hall, on February 8th, was a great success. Brigad e-Surgeon Lieut.-Col. O. M. White presided, supported by Surgeon-Capt. J. Dallas Pratt, Surgeon·Lieuts. F. J. Warwick, J. Pollock Simpson, A. C. Tun stall, and many other visiting officers and friends. A capital programme had been arranged by the committee, who, with Staff-Sergt. Knights, are to be congratulated on the success af.tending their efforts. The concert was under the direction of ::'Ifr. A. S. Clement, and amongst the pianists we noticed Miss E. Mann, A.R.A.M., wh o is well known on concert platforms in aid of am bulance work.

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£1 0D

ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by tfie above Insurance Company to the Legal representatives of any person killed by an accident to the train in which the deceased was an ordinary passenger, or who shall have been fatally injured thereby, should death result within 24 hOUTS after such accident. Provided that at the time of such accident the person so killed or fatally injured was the owner of FIRST AID for the current month, containing this Coupon legibly signed with his or her usual signature in ink or pencil, both time and signature being of the essence of the contract.

Sigllature............................................................................................................................... .. Add,'ess .................... ... ................................................................................................... . This Insurance is limited to one Coupon to each bolder, and is not invalidated by any Insurance with this or any other Accident Comp;].ny. It is subject to the ordinary conditions of the Association's Accide~t Policies, and is in force from midnight, 1st M;].rch 1896, until midnight, 1st April , 1896 .

Printed for the Propnetors by W. J. GOOD]!, 88, Clerkenwell Road, and published by ALA.N l'A.LMER and REED, 11, Ludgate Hill, R.C.

FIRST AID • JOURNAL

No. 22.-VOL. II.

DEVOTED

[E1Ztel'edatStatio1Zers'Hall]

AMBULANCE

APRIL, 1896.

:f13 rev ftf es + . WE notice that the Hospital Saturday Fund is goinO' I? strongly for Ambulance work. In addition to organt sll1g a number of classes, an "Ambulance Committee" has been appointed, consisting of t\\?eh'e delegates, the Chairman and Treasurer of the Fund as ex OlJiC10 members and at least one representative of the St. JohnAmbulanc~ ~ssocia.ti.on. This Co:nmittce will have plenty to do, as, 111 addltlOn to formll1g and condllctina- Ambulance Classes, it is going to i sue Ambulanc~ boxes and "superintend the issue of Ambulance Litters' and lI1spect ame. ' We notice that this Fund ha~ two kinds of litters in use, one, the" Ashford," supplied by the St. John Ambulance A ssociation the other the "\T'lac1uct, " supp l'Ie d by 11'. Carter, of Holborn " Viaduct. \Ve a.lso obsene that there is no intention on the part of thls Committee "to act in any way independent of the St. J ohl1 Ambulance A ssociation but in accordance with its l:ules." ~V e are pleased to see't.his last paragraph , f~r 100kll1~ at Its programme one mIght ha\'e taken a dlffen~l?t Vll:!W. .\Ve need hardly say that we shall watch th~ domgs of thIS Committee with a considerable amount of II1terest . ~, .. . b an~ther column we publish an article that appeared 111 the 1 all. Jlall Gazetle some time ago, called" Ambulance Sernce for London." It is \\?e ll worLlw the perusal of our readers, as it giyes some facts and tlrrures b that. haH: !lot been hitherto published. \Vh ether any publtc man can b~ persuaded to take the matter up we do not know, but It IS well worth cO!lsiderinO' and \','ould \"el~ repay anyone for the time and trouhl~ expended on It . * ~, VIE are very pleased to see from the account sent us of the first aid rendered at the accident at Little Bytham on the Great Northern Railway, that the members of the Great Northern Railway Ambulance Corps were enabled t<? give most timely assistance, both at the scene of the aCCld.ent and also at K~ng'~ Cross. Can Superintendent Pamter persuade hI S directors to O'ive him an ambulance 'w agon? \Ve know that he is ve~'y energetic a.nd we ha\'e ~very hope ~hat by perse\'erance and perSIstence he WIll get the DIrectors to pro\'ide the neces ary funds "if. ;;, . * VVE have: to record the appointment of Sir 'William MacCormac as. Medical qfficer in Chief to the St. John Ambulance 13ngade. HIS great experience as an ambula~1Ce surge on ought to be yaluable to the Brigade, and w111 doubtless prove of gre3.t benefit.

-----:0:----. CARSHALT~.N DIVIS1ON.-Fire,n.an T. ,Voolgar had an exceptional d,lY as far as Fire Ambulance wor k IS con~erned on February I ILh. lIe tells us tlut about 12.50 p.I"? he hU.lT1ed off on his bicycle, hal'in g heard that a boy had fallen Into the nver. Hayina- reached the spot h~ foun~ tl:e child. on. the tank. lIe se nt for the dO~LOr, and proceede::d w~th artifiCial reSpIration for three quarters of an hour, but, unfortunately without a.ny success . Atout +.33 p.m. he dressed a severe wound a boy had recelve::d. on the back of the head from stone throwing , and afterwards took ~In~ to the doctor. The same night he \Vas caPed to a fire at a grocer 5 111 'Nest Street, but, as be "ays fortunately no accidents occurred. '

WORK. PRICE ONE PENNY.

mfcrobe::::~bobia. A CHAT ABOliT THE MICROBE SCARE: ITS ORIGIX, PREVALEXCE, A)1D ERRORS. [Specially Contributed. ] Contillued. THERE would be nothing for us to deal with under this head if it were not for tho absurd assertion~ made by persons who ought to, but perhaps do not, know better. It was quite recently sugge ted th:1t ~ISSll1g was d;:Jngerous because an extensil'e yariet), of microbes existed m th.e human mouth. If an indil'idual can foster with impunity such ~ mIcrobic menagerie in the mouth, the chances ar~ that the other mdll'ldual indulging in the kiss would hal'e a similar menaa-erie . hence t~e tril'ial interchanges of species that might possibly o~cur through bssll1g are not sufficienLly imponant to keep kissers apart. Thi s as~urance ?1ay be comfort in g to some of our readers who are prone to thiS sort ot osculator} amalO'amation. The drinking of impure ~r unfiltered water has been ol'er and over again denounced as a most dangerous practice; but. whilst quite prepared to b~liel'e that water can be so impure as to endanger health, and e\'ton life, Il1 face of the \\ell-asceltained fact that such a thina- as absolutely pure drinking-water from Ir:tuml sources is unkno\\ n. b the phobia disappears. l\ case was repo;-ted recently of a number of officers and their friends drinkin&" freely of \I:ater that was alal:mi~gly impregnated II lth. tbe cholera microbe, no enl resulung. :\gam, 111 opposition to th1.t, It IS but Just to relate how typhoid fel'er \\,~lS thought to ha.ye been spread by the eat ing of oysters impregnated with the leritable mIcrobIC ~erm of typhoid .. The il1\'estigation was not sati,factorily conducted, nor was the eYldence addLc~d by any means conclusi'·e. The oysters might possibly hal'e been infected from the same oria-inal cause as the patient. and might then ha\'e infected those who ate them as those who caught the epidemic infected their friends. That oyster~ originated the epidemic there is eyer)' reason to doubt. HOll did the typhoid aerm orig in ally reach the oysters? If the oysters originated the .epldemlc, then they must haye done so by SpOil tl neolls origiJ.ation . or, 1I1 other words, the germs themseh'es originated in the oy;ters. If the g:erms of typhoid were imported by the oysters, then it is quite certam that the typhOld germs came from somewhere else clo~e handy and wby, therefore, could not the epide~nic on land ha I'e been prol'oke'J apart, or together With, the ImpregnatIon of the oysters? \\'h ere did the ~erms origina te, and how cam':! it to pa~s that they so suddenly ~anlfested themselves in one locality in such il1\'incible numbers? It IS. a mystery that ca nll ot yet be sr.tis(actorily explained, unless lIe look kll1dly on th~ theory. of the powel of certain conditions to originate certall1 bactena or bacd ll. At ~his time some parts of London lu\'o been visited by an epidemic of rabIes in the dog. Is there any individual hardy enutJO"h to assert that rabies does not and cannot originate spontaneously? rt would not be dIfficult to proye this to satiety. :\0 \lTiter on hydrophobia, and there are many, has yet ventured to assert that the disease could not occur in the animal without inn oculation . The aerm of rabies h as Le.er: found in the mad animal in lI1s11p~rable numb~rs; but how tbey on~lI1ally got there cannot be ShOI\"11 satlsfactonly unless we venture to bel1eve tha t they are the res/{/t of the disease, and 1/ot the ongm of it although capable of originating or causing the diseases when transferred by innoculation. There is nothing illogical about that. . Dunng lat~r years chem ists ha"e pai~ more attention to the power or II1fluence whI ch they call" syntheSIS. and \I hen the areal chano-es that are effected in the de"elopment of certain other CTer~1s by circ u"'mstances and conditions come to be c0nsidered we sho~J1d no Ion O'er be surpri.scd if, ollt.of eleme.nts already ~~ hand, sllch a very simpk cons~ructJOn as a mlcr~be mlO'ht result. I he larl'a of a fly if hatched in a pIece of c1ecomposmg- meat would be a marraot or aentle' if it is hatched in the intestine of a horse it becomes ~~Iite a different.-Iooking creatIOn, kno\\'n as a "bott." \\'orms found in the human intestines are circumstantial pen'ersions of other types when in the natural condition ; a~)? this el'idence of the alterations effected by circumstances an~ condlLlons can be multiplied indt:finitely. Strt;ctural chang-es are qUlt~ cOm_t;10n, some insects going through three lO~ally diffcren't forms of lIfe. lak e the caterpillar, and what resemblance has it to the ~hrysalis, or the chrysalis to the butterflyspontaJ.eously generated from ~t. Cor:1pare the caterp illar and the butterfly. Compare the ant before It .has WIngs and after. Compale the tadpole wi th its tail and the (roo"1'\ Ithoul. iI'lore cmiolts than all, read "hat a famous \II iter tells us of the gall-fly:

FIR S T

"Fifty years ago, although a good many insects of the genus Cynips were kn own all that had been taken were females, There was not a male among them, One observer reared 1{,000 individuals, all o~ which proved to be females; and he wrote that, after twenty years experienc(>, he had not seen a sir,gle male Cynips , Anotber n,atural!st ha\'ing in the same way reared a nun~ber of fen:ales, sUPl?l!ed them with oak trees in pots, On these the flies laId theIr eggs, ~ rom each of the galls thus procluc~d there emerged in time a ,.fly qUite different from tis Darent, one whIch had formerly been considered a separate species, and one of which it was clear that ~oth males and ,females ~'e~e present. This remarkable case of alternatIOn of generatIOn, as It !s called, has been fully confirmed, and. it is n~w well, known that III certain species of Cyn i ps one generatIon consIsts .entIrely of fe~~ l es, capable of laying firtile e<l?gs, and th~t t~e !1e-:,t contams both sexes. If ~hat is not" spontaneous generatIon It IS a !emarkable ,proof that there is no hard-and-fast rule or law by which generatIOn can be . ' defined, or germination. eithe~. If such highly organIsed hfe as msects can be so feve:el>' subject. to generative diversions and irregular de\'elopment, surely It IS nO.t ~Oll1g too far to sU'Jpose that what we call II microbes" might be SImilarly subject to d'ifferentiation, according ~o circ~~stances. ~Ve ha\'e no eviden ce yet to prove that under certam condltlO~s of the cIrcumstances in which it find s itse lf the microbe of cholera might not te conv 7rted into the microbe of typhoid or wme other disease, and take upon Itself altoCfether different characteristics, At present we can only say that a mic~obe is comma-shaped or spiral, or something else . VVe know nothing much furtherof its organisation than its external configuratlO.n, nor \\ heth er it is animal or vegetable, for there are microbes f~und III both kingdoms. There are not male~ and females amongst mIcrobes, nor do they lay eggs, or grow by roots and leaves; therefore we, are not carrying our fancy too far to suppose that such yery low or~anlsms may be subject to many remarkable cha nges of shape and. functl?n, If once this theory be admitted, the" germ theory of dl~ease,' as at present known to the }'ounger , g~ner~tion of I't ude nts, WIll. un,der~o a rude shock, but that this shock IS ImmInent we haye strong mdlCatlOns to believe. ( To be continued.)

-------- :0:--------

~)lbropf)obia anb l{abfrs. (Specially contributed.) As the muzzlin Cf order has now been made general all over Lon don some informa~ion about ',he symptoms of rabies in animals and hyd'rophobia in man may be interesting a nd useful to the r eaders of FIHST AID. . Rabies is a disease due to a specific poison, the germ of which has been discovered, and is capable of being communicated to a ll warm blooded animals and is distinguished by a certaIn set of symptoms. Some medical ~uthorities think that it may generate. spo~taneously, and others hold that it is always the result of the pOlson mtroduced into the system either by the bite from ,a rabid animal, or by the absorption of the virus through the medIum of an. abraded surface. One rabid dog may bite a great; many others, but It does not follow that all the animal3 so bitten acquire the disease. SYMPTOMS OF RABIES. I n the lower animals madness shows itself in two forms, the furious and the dumb, the former being the more dangerous, on acco~mt of the biting propen sities of the animal. [n the first stage ?f t,he disease, called the premonitory stage, the dog becomes, altered ,l~ ltS, m.anner and habits. It \\ ill be res Lless and chanbeable 1Il diSpOSItIOn, Irr~ta~le, and hiding in dark corners. Its apretite becomes depraved, Wlshll1g to eat all kinds of strange things, The mucous membrane round the mouth becomes red, and saliva drivels from the mouth, due probably to a difficulty in swallowing. ~he se symptoms, last from twelve to forty-eight ho urs, and then rass eIther to th.e fUrIOUS or to the ducmb staCfe. In the fun ous form the restle~ sOle 3s In creases, and paroxy_m of fury and excitement come on .. with intervals of quietude. I n ~he paroxysms the dog becomes eXCIted and tears and, bites at anythlllg that comes in its \lay. Its countenance gets anXIOUS, ~t wanders forth and attacks any object ir. its way. The gait and carn age of the dog become unsteady, its tail drops between its legs~ and :n a day or two it falls away and is comparatively a skelet~n. 1 he \'ol~e becomes altered, and is one of the most characterIstic sign'> of the di sease, I t i, peculiarly high-toncd, croupy and ringing, and is often. used . At first the paroxysms are strong. and prolong:ed, but as. the di sease progresse3 they get shorler, until they end I,n paralYSIS. The paralytI c srage, or dumb madne,s, may come on lmrr.~d ; ately after the premonitory stage, and is marked by the droppIng of the lower Jaw, rendering the dog unable to bark. The .tongue. han,gs out of the mout~, and the sali\'a is abundant. The dog tnes to hide him self, anu paralYSIS of the ;ower extremities soon follows, and dellth tak es place, The peculiar bark is the characteri stic symptom of the furious form, and the dropping of the jaw of the dumb form . As far as treatrre1t goes, if an animal is undoubtedly suffering from rabies, it should Le destroyed. If there is any doubt about it, it should be chained up anu carefully watched for at least four monthi'.

AI D.

[April, 189 6.

A few of the details as above described are printed on the back of do "Cf licenses , but there is room for considerable impruvement. HYDROPHOBIA. Hydrophobia is the disease in man c.a used by the introduction of poison from a rabid animal, either by a bite or by any othel: manner by which the virus can enter the blood. ~ early all th~ cases al e caused by bites from dogs, a few from cats. and in countrIes wh.ere wohes are numerous from these animals. A bite on the naked [km, such as the hands, or' face, or bare legs of a chi,ld, is much mor~ lIkely to c~nvey the disease than if the teeth have to pierce some clothillg. The dIsease has been known to result from the teeth being used to loosen a knot ';Ipon a rope with which a rabid dog has been ti~d. A do.Cf may cOI?mumcate the disease although apparently not su~enng from It at the tllne of the bite, because it is probably in a state of lI1 ~uba tIon. . It is supposed that one half or two t,hlrds. of persons bitten by ~ad dogs present no symptoms of hydrophobia, thiS may be ?ue to the bItes being inAicteu through clothes, or to the Jogs not bell1g mad at all, . ,. " a :though they are suppose.d to be ir: that con .lllOn. The period of in cubatIOn of thIS disease IS uncertalll, ,aI) Ing frcm twelve days to many months. SYMPTOMS OF HVDROprrOl3lA. Jn the period of incubation there are no special symptoms e~cept perhaps that of mental depreSSIOn, which IS probably due to anxIety as to the termination of the case. , , When the acute symptoms commence! the first thing to b~ noticed IS a discomfort about the throat, accompanied With a dd:hculty 111 sWilllowing, e3pecially liquids. This causes a spasm of th e throat, ~r a .caLch of the bl eath, such as is produced by a sudden ~ash of cold \\ atel. I n a few hours this becomes intensified. The salIva gets abundant, can~ot be sw:dlowed and hangs about the patient's mouth and annoys 11I.m. Very sliCfht things produce this spa sl11, SUC? as the contact of waterWlth the lip3,"'a draught of air, a sound of droppll1g water, or a sudden light. This respiratory sp::l,~m i.ncreases until the muscle,S of the \~'ho:~ body are invoked, resultlllg 111 con vulslOns, and dunng th,e P;!I oxy ,ms the mental distress in crea ses until reaso n is lost, and the pa.lIent may ~tten:pt to bite those around him. The sal iva is hawked. up With, the nOIse ,lIke the b'lrk of a doCf. The delirium increases, unl1~ ueath IS ca used eIther by exhaustion f?om the con \'ulsion s, cardiaC fallure, or asphyXIa from spasm 0 f the '"Cflottis . The duration of the case IS usually h ' fl'om one . d to • but it may extend to ten. The slower t e signs are 111 efour d a) s, . f" veloping the better are the . pat ien ts' chances of reco\ err, or It IS not quite certain that every case IS fata\. , There is a com pl a int called ,I spurious hydrophobl:l." the sympt?l11s of which somewhat resemble those of true hydrophob.m, Th e patlen~ is attacked with delirious excitement and snaps and bites at those neal him for a time, but he soon recovers, Something must be said about the F1RST AID TREATMENT although all first-aiders are su~pose~ to kn ow what to do. 'Yhen ,a person is bitten by a dog that IS rabid, or suppo.sed to be, a IIgatUi e should be immediately applied above the wound 111 order to arres t, t?e circulation of the part, this can only of c~ ur~e apply to the extre~ltles for it is obviously impossible when the bIte IS on the head or face, t he wound l11ust then be washed and bleeding encouraged,. If It. can re sucked it should be, the only precau tion, t.hat is needfu l IS to rInse the mouth out with vinegar and w.lter, or spm t and water-there mIfst be no sOl e place or abrasion of the muc~u s ~1e~brane. After Lhls t~e wound must be thoroughly ca uterised With mlnc aCid or liqUid c~rbohc acid, and if necessary the bitten part should be c~t O,lIt. If the clrcu.iation be not arrestel within ten minutes, c.a uten sallon genera llJ:' falls: Great care must be taken that the wound IS thoroug hly cauterIsed 01 excised before circulation is allowed to be resumed. The furth,er .treatment to be carried out by the medical man does not come Wlthll1 the scope of t! is article. . f h It should be remembered that the saliva of persons sufferIng rom t e di sease is capable of communicating it to other people, therefore great caution must be used by the attendants: . . A short time since there was an artIcle 111 that ecce.ntnc paper, the " E h "by a writer who held that there wa s no such di sease as Hydropho~i~: He maintained on the authority of two doctors (who had never seen a case) that this complaint is ~nl'y tetal:us, and chle~y brought o,n by fright. Tr.ere is how eve r a Ut st l11 ct dIfference bet\\ ~e n the 1\\0 diseases, whi ch can be recognised. It nee~ hardly be sa Id that thel e are not many medical men who hold these VIews,

---------'0:--------GREAT EA STERN RA1LWAY CORPs.-Mr. Alfred ]. IIill, ,SupL. Secretary, inform s us that a new Divi sion has bee n formed at W?Ittl e~~ ford and that the annual competitions between Lh,e vano,us DIVISions .o t this Cor s will take place during the"last week In AprI L and the filst P wee k ;.n M ,a)' . The final will be held at Stratford Town Hall on May 16th.

April, 1896 .J

F I RS T A I D.

~el'lnon lBrtarl)fb by l {cb. 19i1tll ~~yatt, jT1 . ~., AT TlIE

CIIAPEL ROYAL, SA VOY, jJIARCII 1st. " Blessed are they that hear the word of God .... nd keep it." ST. L U KE xi., 28.

The3e arc the concluding words of the Gospel for the srd Sunday after Lent, and they were uttered by our Lord in the following connection. After a rem arkable exhib ition of his power in healing a dumb man, who was possessed, some of the crowd attributed this miracle to hi s being in league with Beelzebub. The L ord retorts with a singularly logical and persuas i\' eargument about the house div id ed against itself-proving Ilis own po\\er to be something wholly different to that of the devil's-in every way opposed to the kingdom of evil, and as they had just witnessed trium phing over it. And in the enth u siasm produced by the hearing of these convincing truths, O:1e of the company, a woman, lifted up her voice in blessing Him and the moth er who bare Him , But the Lord turned upon her, accepting the spirit of her prai:e, but pointed out that inherent blessing in the reception of the word and will of II is Father. He does not reprove her , for fI e sees her sincerity, So he corrects her thus: "Yea, I ather, blessed are they that he ar the word of God and keep it." l\Iy friends, do we who have bf'en privileged to he:lr this same word from our childhood, realize the beauty and dignity of our gift? Our country not merely professes the religion of the Christ, but its laws are founded upon the teach ing of Jesus of Nazareth, and the society in which we live theoretically conforms to His dictates. But do we think of our privilege, do we in the Master's pleasure count ourselves blessed that we hear this word of G0d, and ha ve in our hands the power of obeying it, and do we go on to sec ure the full rewan] of those that keep it loyally and of their own free love? What is that word of God? Ah, i'0 vast and far reaching are its ordinances, and prol'isions, and counsels and promises. It is the expression of Ili s Almighty will which creates and c mtinues all things. "'ell might it seem beyond our poor comprehension, well might we despair of reaching it even in outlll1e. But the blessed Son has not left us in doubt or difficulty, for H e has transmitted the essence of the teaching for us, and reduced it to the level of our minds and heart's grasp in that beautiful summary of all the commandments: Thou shalt 100'e the Lord thy God with all thy soal and all thy strength, and thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. So a chi ld may see his duty plain. So the ign orant and unlettered may have the open book of obligation put before him. So t he strong man has enough, and more th:tn enough, set before him as his supreme aim in the walk of life, The teaching of the Church has in all ages witnessed this great dual necessity of man's worship and practice, She has set before u~ the homag-e due to our Creator as at once the prime duty and the nnst uelightful of privileges. She has taught us to draw all our in spiration from God's actual presence \\ hen we approach Him in prayer either in the reverence of the sanctulr)" or in that grand access of private devotion ever open to each one of u s, Then with that thought as dominant, while the strength of its hold is supreme upon us, she has bidden us look into the faces of our fellows and see them, bone of our bone, flesh of our flesh, She has taught us how we are a ll members of one anot her, how we together make up the body of Christ, how if one suffer the others suffer with it, how if one rej oice the others rejo ice \lith it, how no man liveth to himself, no man dieth to him self. How, further, that in a singular manner through this love for the brotherh ood we are again brought.back to our starting roint-God the Almighty Father; for through thi S love for our fellow man we learn the lo\'e towards God, or as St. John's teaching runs: "De that loveth not his brother wh om he hath seen, how can he love God whom he hath not seen." So comes in for our help the Master's almost dying command, that he who loveth God, loveth his brother also. My friends, we might spend the time granted to many sermo ns, in tracing out the effect that the realization of this Divine truth has shown in the hi story of races and nations and governments and systems in their practical desire to fulfil the s~me in the daily relations of life. But, surely in the great records of the past, there is no sto ry fairer than that of the noble Order of St. ] ohn which we all hold in such deep respect, and which livin g through so many centuries has developed fresh energy and taken to itself new methods of usefulness, always adapting itself to the needs of that humanity, the servants of whom, for Christ's sake, it is the Order's proud boast to be called. Of that many sided utility, your o\\n organizatioll, the t\m bulance Brigade, is a most practical and striking example. The willing surrender of time, the ready acquiescence in the regulations and instruction s of the central authority, the loyal obedience to discipline, the cheerfully yielued assen t to the calls upon you, the hearty cooperation wi th existing law and order, render your discharge of duty so efficient that it is now difficult to cOll ce i\'e the work going on without that help which your splendid Brigade afforUs. i\lany have witnessed

your actions in the streets on th e occasions of great crowds being brought together, others have seen your quiet and business-like routine drills and exhibiti ons, and all have been proud of the possession in our midst of such a body of Englishmen followillg out so noble, so manly, so Christian an obligation. I t is with every feeling of true appreciation and comradeship in the same warfare against sin and its attendant disease and sufferi ng, that we welcoml! ) ou here to-day, men and officers. r (o:Jld have wished that the space had been sufficient for you to join with the regular body of worshippers at the half-past ele \'en o'clock sl::rvice, that you both might have been edified by the mutual jo:ning of your worship. But that was impossible, for our ordinary co ngregat ion usually fills all available sittings. It is under no unsympathetic roof that you are gathered together this morning. First, we are here as chi ldren of the same great Father, who has created us and loved us. His house always stands open to all who will come to bend the knee in adoration before HI S :'IIajesty. Here He is e\'er ready to listen: here He bestows rich gifts of grace and strength and guidance to all who seek Him in true prayer. ACfain this most ancien t sanctuary is the memorial of much true h~manitarian work in the past. Six hundred years have passed o\'er it and have written their story on the stO:1es of its walts. At first a chapelry within the Palace of Peter of Savoy; then the Church of the Friars of Mountj oy; next the Chapel of the Earls of L<lncaster, witnessing all the chequered hi story of the Plantagemt;. More than once it suffered the fate of other portions of the great Palace of the Savoy, and though it is difficult ~o determine. wh~th~r. it o cc~~ied the exact spot in its subsequent re-bUlldln>;, our histOrIan'" IS of o plllion that we even now may be in practically the same walls in which John vf Gaunt worshipped, and even 'Vickliffe' ha\'e preached, and Chaucer haye praised God here. Afterwards there grew aroun<:I It a great barracks, and in our early reg iste rs we find numerous entrIes ?f .the de~ths and burials of the soldiers. But the glory of the Savoy IS ItS hospital, first planned and founded by the will of Henry \ ' 11. The pious desire was to lod ge and feed the poor and the .needy, and for the. mi~isters of ~his foundati on to engage in works of pIty, mercy. and ch~nty l.n perpetu~ty. H o w like our own Order of St. John. ThI S hospItal WIth changing fortunes continued under Elizabeth and i\l ary, and then under the Stewarts until the latter years of the 17th century, and on the death of 'Villiam II 1. we rna y consider its history to ha \'e closed, And to,da y you meet here under the special protection of Her :'Ilajesty, the patron of our Order for on November 27th, 1773, her ancestor, George III" created the buildi~g a ~oyal Chapel. I n the brief time which is allowed m~ this morning, it is impossible even to touch upon other scenes 111 ItS chequered history full of interest though they are , and to recount to you the nanl~s of noted Englishmen who, have been con nected with the precinct. And flerhaps, the, leadlll~ thought, to be observed from the study of our history IS thIS, that 111 some Illscrutable providence of God th,is tiny sanctuar~' sho~ld have survi \'ed fire and ruir. and sieCfe and pillage, and the mIghty Inrush of modern buildinCf and should"still be the spiritual home of many a worshipper in this ~~ry hea rt of London. In this chapel of St. John Baptist of the Strand our Order for many years past held its com memoral ion services on the '2+th ] une, Memories of friends who. w~re pr~sent with us thent and have joined the great company of Chnstlan witnesses above nre with us to-day. W e do not for~et them though th ey h ,l\'e passed from our actual sight. They, too, heard the word of Gou, and each accorulllg to his measnre of <Trace kept it ; and now they see the perfect fulfilment of their best hopes~ the 'reali sation of the believed-in prQmise, and they experience ~he rest after toil. Dear friends we shall remember your visit here to-day. lIlay eyery man in the Brigade be led thro uCf h ~h~ con~ct with a,cci~entand suffering, to I emember more intently and \'Ivldly hiS own slIght hold on he::dth and life' and while he dedicates hours of hi s own free will to the ser vice ~f humanity, may he realise how Jesus the Redeemer is the hea d of the family, the elder b rot her, and how nearness to him and co nformity to Hislikeness are the ultimate deslre~ of Il lS true followers, Soldiers you are in the truest sense, warring with one of the worst foes of o ur mortal bodies. H ow many lessons do you yourseh'es learn III that service! Suffering you often see; lesson~ you learn from .men 's patier~ce a nd impati ence illike. You see both her01sm and cowardice under pam. You discover how not the physically powerful are possessed of the finest nerve: how sometimes in feeblest frame a lion heart beats swift and true. You experiE n : e the teachings of sorrow and pa in and the victory that <Trows out of them, In the words of a great Dutch novelist you "begin to co mprehend something of th <lt lJattle which is ,n<:t to, the strong.":!: God be with you in your work, and through such mlllistratl~ns win your whole hearts, and the hearts of t hose whom you serve, to [lIm and to IIis Christ.

* Loftie's " Memorials of the Sa \'oy." t N otably Sir Edmund Lechmere, who was invaria bly present at the Annual Services.

t l\Iaarten l\f:.tartens.

FI RST

IMPORTANT NOTICE. We bpg to give notice that this Journal will in future be published on the 1st of the month. In order to meet the requiremp.nts of the trade, it must be actually published by the 25lb or 26th. so we must ask all our correspondents to send in their contributions by the 22nd at the latest. TO ADVERTISERS . As no paper at the present day can exist v..-itll out Advertisements, we begto dra w the a :tenlion of Advertisers to this J ourn a L It h a s been in exis t en c e fo r 22 months, nas a steadily increasing circula tion, a nd is the o n ly Jourr·al cf its kind circulating amongst first aiders in all parts of the world, and is rea d by' thousands every month . T hese arM facts worth know ing a nd digesting.

TER:\IS OF SUBSCRIPTION. FOR 12 months, IS. 6d, post free, to be sent to the Publishers, .Alan Palmer & Co., IT, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. TELEGHAl'HfC ADDRES:;-" ARTERY, LO)/DON."

FIRST A I D APRIL 1, 1896.

THE subject of carrying out the inA1IBULM,CE struction 111 ambulance knowledge in 1:\ factories and 'w orkshops where large iYORKSHOP. numbers of 'w orking men are employed, DOES IT PAY? is exceedingly interesting, but does not yet seem to have made the way that it ought to haye done, although we are glad to see that it is being slmdy taken up. If ,,'e can show, however, that it is to the employers' interest to consider the matter, then they may possibly look at it in a different light. \Vhen ambulance matters are fir~t mooted in large workshops or faclories, and the firm is asked to give some money to proyide ambulance material and instruction, the question of cost comes in, and if a substantial amount is asked for the objection is often raised that the firm cannot afford it. This reason is one generally given when employers do not properly understand what first aid means, but it seems to us that it will not hold watcr if looked into. Payments made for proyiding ambulance instruction amongst employes ought to be regarded in the same light as insurance premiums. Of course it is well known that llllder the Employers' Liability Act, employers haye to make compensation to their ,yorkmen who are injured whilst in their seryice, therefore, if the effects of an injury suffered by an employe can be lessened by first aid treatment, the amount of com pen 'a tion to be myarded will be proportionately less. In many firms the compensation is giye.n to the i\'orkman in the shape of wages so long as he 1S una?le to work; if this period can be shortened by any first aId treatment, then the firm will have the benefit of his work so much lhe sooner. Accidents will happen in workshops, for it is impossible to guarantee the absolute safely of machinery, or to stop the carelessne s of workmen. therefore it seems only right that empl?yers ought to do all they can to guard the welfare of the~r e~11pk<y~s: And this can be done, not merely in a humal1ltanan sp mt, althourrh it often is but from an £ s. d. point .of "iew, lookint at it as an in~'estment, and one lhal ~s likely to return in lhe way of reducing com pen allOns, cent. per cent. interest. Does it pay employers lo proyide ambulance instruction and material? ,Ve maintain it does. Let us glance at the Railway Companies who are the largest employers of

CApril, 1896.

A I D.

c labour. Although we have no figures to go upon, yet w are cOlwinced that a considerable amount is paid away each week to their employes as compensation for injuries receiyed whilst al work. These injuries vary from very slight to very severe ones, occasionally ending in death, and if the ayerage of the seyere cases can be lowered by first aid treatment, then the expense inyolved in acquiring ambulance knowledge is justified. These remarks apply to workshops of all kinds where manufactures of any description are carried on requiring a large number of men. Let us take a couplc of instances, showing how a knowledge of first aid treatment would lessen the effects of the original injury and reduce the amount to be paid in compensation. A carpenter's shop- a chisel is dropped , and a man reccl\'es a severe wound in the thigh, seyering the femoral artery; eyerybody is frightened at the loss of blood, no one knows what to do, and the man probably bleeds to death. Another instance: £\n engine house - something goes wrong with the boiler, the superheated steam is escaping, scalding everybody it meets; two or three men are shockingly burnt about the hands, face and body. Toone knows what to do, so in de pair the patients are immediately put into a cab and sent to the hospilal without anything being put on the burn. Consequentlyone man succumbs, and the other slowly recover. If proper first aid treatment had been applied, much time and suffering would have been saved. These are not fancy pictures, but are drawn from life. An accurate knowledge of the proper method of com'eying patients to hospital is also indispensable. Ambulance in workshops is a matter that dffects thousands and thou sands of working men, who, in their own bodies, have to bear the actual pain and suffering caused by these particular accidenls. It should be remembered by the large employers of labour that flesh and blood . are not made of the same material as nlachinery, and cannot be repaired so easily, and that a man '1'ho sustains an injury in their service deserves that eyerything possible should be done to him in the way of first aid treatment. Legislation has stepped in as regards mines and quarries- let us hope that it 'will not be necessary in our workshops. - ----:0:- -----

t1BriIl ®rllets+ VOLUNTEER A.\lBULANCE SCHOOL OF INSTRUCTIO. Presideni-MAJOR ANDI:{E\\' MA CLURE, late L.S.R.V. O!ficeS-7, St. Benet Place, Gracechurch Street, E.C. ORDEI<s.-Wednesday, April 8th, Parade for instruction in bandaging at 7.30 p.m.; Saturday, April lIth, at 4 p.m., Parade in drill order. Le cture on the Transport of the 'W ou nded Soldier from Fighting Line to the Base of Operations, by Surgeon-Captain R. R. Sleman, Anists' R.V.; \Vedn esday, April 1;th, Parade for Bandaging; \\'ednesday, April 22nd, Prize Competition. Uniform, drill order; 'Wednesday, April 29th, Official Inspection and Examination. Uniform, drill order. By Order, H. F. STOKES, Surgeon -Major, A.M.R., Senior Med ical Officer Instructor.

- - - - :0:- - - LEI CESTER.--On Thursday evening, March 12th, theannualmeeting of the Working Men's College Division was held at the Coll ege, L'nion Street. The secretary's report showed that good work had been done by the diyision during the year. The number of members was 8r , and the average attendance at the practices 33. During t he year 38 members had p<tssed the re-examina.tions. 2 r for the first time, and 17 for the final. Many cases cf first aid rendered had been reported. After a vote of thanks to the retiring offi cers, the following were elected for the ensuing year; lIon. Surgeon In st ructor, Dr. Shearer; lI on. Superintendent, 1\1r. J. S. King; Hon. Secretary, Mr. W. Wilkinson; Officers, Messrs. Z. Langham, J. G. Mobbs, J. Chapman, and G. W. Hunt.

April, 1896. J

FIRST

®ur lfortrilit ®ilIICl'J!+ SUPEHI:\TENDENT-TH.EASURER F. D. MACKENZIE, METROPOLITAN CORPS, T. JOHN Ar-,mULA:\CE Bl~rGADE. ". GOOD old Mac" . ' is an expressIOn often used at the Head-quarters of the Metropolitan Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade, and it carries wit h it a deep meanmg. Those officers who have enjoyed the friendship of the gentleman who bears so proudly the title" Mac ." will, one and all, say with the writer, "there neyer was a man of more sterling wort h, aye, he is genuine to the very backbone." Superintendent Fran yois Don ald Mackenzie was born in 1860. He is a so n of Major F. Mackenzie late 26th Bengal J ati\'e Infantry, and a gre:1t-grandson ~f Colonel George Mackenzie (Colonel 72t1d Highlanders) . He was cducated at \Vinclsor, Paris and Han ove r, and then became engaged professionally in shipping, &c., and now is in lhe yachting world. He is a member of the Royal London Yacht Club. Superintendent Mackenzie wa one of that small body who, under 1r. John Furley (whose portrait appeared some month s since), originated the Brirrade movement in the Metropoli~. He is "ery proud of his connection with the humanitarian work of the Brigade. Mr . Mackenzie has been offered commissions in the volunteers over and oyer again, and we ca~l quite llnders~and this, for he is a fine, stal wart fellow, WIth a commandmg appearance. He has, however, :1lways refused, preferring his ran k in the St. John Ambulance Brigade, though without a com misSlOn . Mr. Mackenzie ha been cOl1nected with First Aid work since 188+ He is a memoer of various Committees in connection with the St. J 01111 Ambulance Associalion in the Metropolis. . Sycophan.cy with" Mac" is unknolVn, he hates toadyIsm, but h1 s great admiration for the Brirrade Chief Superintendent is well-known and seconded all-round. "Honour was conferred where honour was due" when in 1893, Mr. Donald Mackenzie (as he is called in' pri\'ate life), was ma ce an Honorary Serving Brother of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in Engla;]d and was raised to the dignity of an ~squire of the Ord~r in 1895. Our ,yorthy fnend has been closely connected with various kinds of Philanthropic Societies and \ Vorking Men's Clubs. He de,'oted three years of his life entirely to work amongst the poor of J ottinrr Hill. He is a vcry active advocate b against pew-rented Chllrches. He says: "I simply abl10r lhem." As a mem~er. of llle ~oullcil of the. Free and Open Church ASSOCIatIOn, be 1 most aggress1\'e when face to face with pew-renting clergy and churchwardens. Superintendent Mackenzie would do credit to any assemblage of representative men; he possesses the

AID.

maglC power of winning the hearts of those with whom he comes in contact, and we sincerely wish him many years of useful happiness. -

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Bnlbulnnce S ervice for 'J!onbon. By A~ HON. SI'RGEO~ OF ST. JOH:--' A:\lnl·I.A:\,CE BRIGADE. TH E following was published in the PII!! .I/all Gazette of 30th ~ ol'ember lasl. Pressure on our sp:tce has prel'ented us from takino- earlier notice of it; ~ L ondoners ought to take great interest i n this subject, which concerns the safety and welfare of eyery inhabitant of this huge city ' yet it i: quite I?Ossible .LO understand boll' people, \\ ho have to follow cl~sely tbelr vocatlOlls 111 hfe, do not knoll' II hat an ambulance service means or are not aware of tbe urg~llt necessity that exists for one. The matte; at present is only in its infancy, and does not, or is not likely to (for whi ch we ought to be thankful) enter i.!to the domain of pany politics, and that, perhaps, accounts for the reason why no public man has taken it up. It is. hO\l'ever, a most important maller, affectin cr the community at large. and must be dealt II ith sooner or later. 1t nny be interesting for your re:tders to hale a few facts showing what IS at present done in t he way of ambulance ,\'ork in this city, and the need there is for a tboroughly equipped ambulance service. All the ordinary ambulance work is at present carl i=d out by tbe police, and there can be no doubt that it is done in a most crude and inefficient manner. In the City itself, wh ich has its 01\'11 police, not under the control of Scotland Yard, more attention is given to the matter than in the ~letr opolitan area, for we find that el'ery constable is compelled 10 undergo a certain amount of instruction in fIrst aid; but the transport arrangF.ments are very defective, consisting of a few wheeled litters and the nearest' four-wbeeler.' There are certainly boxes belono-ino- to tbe Hospitals Association, each c'lntaining a stretcher and matel~al~ placed at various street corners where the traffic is congested, but the police are not sufficiently instructed to be able to make proper use of them. Besides, it ismost:inconvenient, ifnot impossible, to carryorwheel a stretcher carefully througb crowded streets, a proceeding which must neces~arily interfere witb the traffic. An ambulance carriage ought to he used. In the other part of London, which is under the control of the ~[ etropolitan Police, the ambulance arrangements are, to put it mildly, extremely weak. There is a certain amount of instruction gil'en to tbe members of the force, but this is voluntary, and not efficient, so much so that it may be said tbere is hardly one man in ten who knolYs how to put a bandage on or fix up a broken leg. [t is just as well to mention what occurs on tbe occasion of a street accident. The case is taken charge of by a constable, who (in the City) gets, if possible, the nearest a\'ailable litter, whi ch has to be wbeeled throlwh crowded streets, or eno-ao-es the nearest cab, and conveys the patient to the hospital; in the politan area the constable (in a serious case) calls the nearest doctor (valuable time beinCT often lI'a ted in finding one), wh o examines tbe case, and gi\'es his order for the removal home or to the hospital, and the constable hires a cab, or semis for the police litter, a proceeding which takes a considerable time. This litter is not all that fancy would paint it; as a Tule it is antiquated, cumbersome, and not fitted for takinoa serious case, although, perhaps, very useful for "drunk" cases, fo~' which only it ouo-ht to be reserl'ed. It follows, then, from these facts that if any of us o-et injured in the street, the original injury is almost certain to be made worse, on account, firstly, of the inefficient treatment, and secondly, on account of the improper and unsafe method of transp ort. It is most important in connection with this subject to be acquainted with the number of accidents that happen in our streets. In tbe Police Report for r893 it will be seen that 6,336 persons were injured and 172 killed in the ::\Ietropolitan area. The RepOli. for 189-J. is not yet out, but the totals increase every year. In the City the number of persons injured in one year averages about 2,200. In r89-J. the ~letropolitan Fire Bri gade attended 3,06I fires, at wbich the lives of 20-J. persons were seriously e:1dangered , and eighty-four lives were lost. In addition to these cases, the lives of II6 persons were known to ha\'e been in more or le ss jeopardy at fires attended by the Brigade, These figures are most eloquent, and Jpeak for themsell'es. WHAT I S REQl' IREll. The Commissioners of tbe City Police and the Metropolitan P olice recognize the necessity of something bein g required in the way of ambula nee work, because on occasions of processions, demonstrations, &c., the assistance of the t. John Ambulance Brig:tde is called in, and the services of this body have been fully appreciated by the public. It may not be generally known that on the occasion of the Duke of York's wedding over 1,500 cases were attended 10 by the brigade. But this Brigade is a \'oluntary body, and therefore its set;.l·ices cannot be depenJed. upon for daily work. In the City itself there are one or two pe, m;:lI1ent stations kept up by th e St. John Ambulance Association. 'I'ho has not seen the small one under the steps of St. Paul's Cathedral? i\lany of the Continental citiesare far ahead of us in this matter. They have good services and the necessity for them is well known. E\'ery-

i\letro-

FIRST

body is glad to recognize anci appreciate the services r~nde~' ed by t~e police, but is it not tOJ much to expect them to be proficlen~ III first al? and :ransf:ort work? They have encuO"h to do to aLte~d to their own particular duties, and ambulance work ought to be carned out by ambulance nlen. "\ grea t deal of money is spent e~'ery year on tbe . Fire Brigade, and we know it is well spent, because It protects our lives .and pr<:perty . Surely, then, we ought to help those thousands who are IIlJured III the street o. nd also those inj ured in b~ildings, workshops, and by fire. \Ve pro\'icle hospitals for the treatment of persons injUled in the street, ~ut only pro\ide a \'ery inefficient method of geting them there, which s~emssomewhat inc0n oTuous. Let us see, now, what a properly equi pped and thoroughly organized ambulance service would d o . . . 1. There would be a central station and various outlYlllg statIOns, each prO\'ided wilh a horse ambulance carriage, litter, assistants, &c., who by means of the telephone sen'ice would be on the scene of the accident in a few minutes, and 2. Take charg-e of and con vey the person home or to the nearest hospi ta.I, whi ch could be in formed by the telephone of the cOl11lng arm'a!. 3. It " 'o ulo attend fires, and treat and cOl1\'ey to the hospital those injured either by burning or suffocation. . +. It would pr')bably be called to about 12 ,00.0 cases annually, consisting of 8,:;00 street acciden t , 1,500 fires, and possibly 2,000 cases occurnng in workshops, building, private houses, &c. These then, roughly speaking, are the advantages to be ga.ined by the establishment of an ambulance se;vice in London, and the Importance of it cannot be over-eotimated . Of course the main question is the expense that it would invol\'e. \Veare su rely as much justified in spen?ing money in protecting the live~and limbs o~ ou: fellow-creatures In the stle~ts of L ondon as in attending to the mischief wrought by fires, infe.::tious diseases, &c. It is a question that affects not one class alone. It touches the rich and poor, prJfessionalmJn and working man, in:lsmuch as .til and eyerybodyare liable to meet iw ith an accident in the streets of thi" busy city. May we hope that the Government or the London County Council Iyilliake up the subject, and get some competent authorities to de\'ise and put forward a good workable scheme.

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~t. ~OlJll ~~hnIHlranre ~SSO£iiltioll. KESW1CK. --At the Parish Room Dr. C. Gore Ring delivered the last of a course of five lectures on first aid. Priorto the lecture Canon Rawnsley said he need hardly tell of the excellent work which had been d one by members of tbe Brigade for life and health. . ~reat credi~ was due to them for the help which they were able. to gzve 111 the aCCident which occurred recently at the Threlkeld mine; for the prompt manner in which the case was looked to, the protection from further injury which they were able to give and the seeing home of the patient. l\[r. Ra\\'nsley also referred to Lhe assistance which had been give~ in an accident some ti me ago, and in which, but for tbe knowledge gamed at these classes, the injured person might have bled to death. At the close of the lecture the Rev. \\'. T. Herd proposed, and the Rev. \V. S. Gnwin seconded a hearty vote of thanks to Dr. Ring, who, in his reply, said he thought they thanked him too much. It had given him great pleasure to meet so large and attentive a class, and he hope~ when the examination came they would all do their best to p ass, and III honouring themselves they would best show their appreciation of what he had striven to do for them . OXFOIW.-Two first aid classes have been formed, one for males and another for females thirty-three attending each class, the lecturer being Dr. W . L. Morg~n, of thiS town . The examination was held on Feb. 20, when 26 females and 30 males presented themselves before Dr. J. B. Hurry, of Reading, for examination, ? u t of wh!ich the II'ho!e of the men and 25 ladies passed. We are 100kll1g forward to a public presentation of certificates, but it is not fixed at present. POTTERIES. -Two good classes for first aid instruction were commen ced by Drs. Tylecote and Fernie on tbe 4th and 5th of March. Forty-five students were registered for the women 's class and fifty for the men's class. Dr. :\Iockett's class at the Florence Board Schools, Longton, was examined by Dr. Phillips on March 5th. There. wer~ 21 candidates presented, ilnd I9 were successful. The examll1atlOn o. the Trentham Institute class took place on the 17th March . The instructor was Dr. Halton. The report has not yet been received. Dr. White-Jones' class at the \Voodhouse Board Schools underwent examination on the IOth .\larch. Report not at present received .-Railway Class; The membels of the railway class, which has been under the instruction of Dr. Arlidge, met on Sunday afternoon, unde:- the jJresidency of iIlr. \Y. D. Phillipps, and presented the doctor ,v.1th a .slh·ermounted umbrella in recognition of the admirable manner III whi ch he delivered the course of lectures. In further recognition of Dr. Arlidge's services, he was presented by tl1e railwa~ com pany with an automatic bandaae case &c. On the same cccaslOn the class secretary ( 1r. BaO"nall) wa; presented with a purse of money. The proceedings included an interesting exhibition of stretcher drill, loading and unloading into a railway carriage, bandagin.g, &c., given by members of the class, and an address by :\1r. Copeland (local hon. sec. of the centre).

AID.

[April, 1896.

READlNG.-Theannual meeting of this Centre was held at the Abbey Hall. The Maror (i\Ir. Owen Ridley) presided, and amongst those present were Y[r. G. W. P,llmer (Pres dent), Dr. IIurry (Chairman), 1r. D. T. Key, Dr.l\[urrell, l'I JissGilbert, i\lessrs. F . L . Pontin (captain Reading Fire Brigade), F H. Fraser (station master, G.W.R.), E. CardlVell, E. \Y. Tabor, T . Kinchin, W. C . Long (hon. sec.), \Y. Long, L. Ridley, 'W estbrook, Beal, Chard, Rudge, &c. There was a larae attendance of the public in the balc:lI1Y. Mr. Soper moved and i\II~ Simpson seconded, and it was agreed that tbe following be elected officers of tbe centre for the ensuing- year:-President, Mr . G. 'V. Palmer J .P . ; Vice-Presidents, Mr. CT . Murdoch, i\l.P., Lieut.-Colonel Villiers'Turner, Mr. IF. G. Saunders, J.p., Mr. Owen Ridley, J. P , :\'Ir. M. J. Sutton, .J.P., i\Ir. H . S·u tton. Mr. C . B. Stevens, Mr. S. B. Stel'e ns, i\Ir. \V. Bonny, and ?lfr. J. i\1ilsom, junr.; Cha irman. Dr. Hurry; hon treasurer, Dr. Phillips Conn; Committee, I:\fessrs Beal, Chard, Fraser, Salt, Smallbone, Rudge, l\Iacks, \Vestbrook, Cardwell and rontin. :'\lrs. H . i\l. Walli s, Mrs. Chard, the 'Misses C[m'er, Cooper, and Gilbert. 1\1r. G. 'V. Palmer, who was well receil'ed, s:tid he had mu ch pleasure in mO\' ing "That this meeting tenders its thank s to the medical ~taff uf th~ centre f0r its valuable voluntary services" (applause). i\Tr. Pontin seconded the motion, which was carried unanimously. A demonstration of F:rot Aid methods wa~ then given by lcerlificated members of the Reading Fire Brigade and the employes of the Great Western Railway Company, and the members of the Re'lding" Corps of the St. John Ambub.nce Brigade gave a "surprise" drill. The various items were watched with keen interest, and the efficient manner in which the men carrieJ out the work showed tbat they had fully mastered their training. A vote of thanks to the lIIayor for presiding brought the proceedings to a conclusion. STAVELEY.-.\ melting was held in the Rectory Barn. 1I1r. C. H ugi 1\ (president) occupied the chair, and there \\ ere present .\lr s. Court, Dr. Court, 711r. Brierley (traffic inspector), Sergeant Sturgeon, about thirty-five members, and several ladies. The chairman briefly stated the o'Jjects of the meeting, and as'<.ed lUrs. Court to present the certificates. That la?y then gave thirteen first and six second certificates and ', wo medallIOns, th e latter to 1\1r. Robert Hunt (the energeti c secretary to the classes), and '\1r. F. J. Dewsnap. i\Ir. Ilug-ill alluded in very high terms to the kin dness and pa tience shown by Dr. Court in the able instructions given by him to the classes. He presented Dr . Court w;th a very hand so me writing-desk, in \\'alnut, beautifully made and fitted up, and bearing an inscription: \I Presented to A. Court, Esq ., M.D., by the !II ., S. and L. (Sta\'eley Town) Ambulance Class, I89 6 ," and with it an addreos. Dr. Court replied at some length. IIe tbanked the class for a plesent with which he was very pleaseo.

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<£'olTtsponllcnre. [ We' do not necessarily identify ourselves wilh the oPilliolls held hy our corres'bolldmis and cOlltributors.l TRA~SPORT.

To the Eddor of" FIRST AID." SIR,-I regret I did not notice your leader in the issue for February to write you re the abo,'e in time for your March issue. I trust tbat I am not to::> late t o take part in this most important correspondence. I confe3s to being profo:.ll1dl y surprised on learn :ng for the first tim e that the transport arrangeme,\ts of the metropolis are so limited. I have al ways understood that they were most perfect, and I cannot imagine th.lt pressure has been brought to bear on the "public authorities" by the Central Executi ve of the St. John Ambulance Association, or surely the few pounds necessary to secure well-appointed lit~ers would have been forthcoming. In this town ther e are at least 20 wheeled l itters stationed at railway, police and fire stations, which can be used by the public, under the supervision of a member of the Brigade, and the proportion of the inju,ed who arrive at ho spitals in cabs is small compared with that who are con veyed on our well·equi pped ambulances. We have four makes in constant use, and all good in their several degrees . Th ere is the Ashford in use at Snow Hill (G. W . R.) and Handsworth (but in my opinion the iron-tyred wheels of these two are detrimental to easy riding-), Lhe Tozer (patenteo by the Chief Superintendent of the Cicy Fire Brigad e). in use in many parts of the City and suburbs (this is a most co mfortable-riding litter, the bed being a wire mattress, easy to clean from blood, dirt, &c.; the wheels are of the bicycle pattern, and there is room for splints and other necessary first aid appliances), and the machines made by Messrs. Alldays & Onions, three of which were purchased by the Hospital Saturday Committee for the use of the several ho<;pitals. These are am bulances balanced between two safety bicycles, and whicb can be impelled with considerable speed by expert riders. These ambulances are also made to be pushed by one man (without of course the bicycle part). It is claimed for these, that being made of steel tubes similar to bicycle s that they are stronger and lighter than the usual wheeled ambulance. I trust you willnoteonsider this letter too long, myonlyobject being to show your numerous readers what tbe Birmingham Brigade are doing. -Yours fai'hfully, J.R. S .

April, 1896.J

F IRST ;f~Otf~ ill' ee TOURNIQUET ."

WHAT does the appointment of Sir 'Yilliam Ma cCormac as r-.redical Officer in Chief to the St. John Anlbulance Brigade mean? Is there !;oing- to be any change in the duties of tbe Surgeons, or any alterati on in the present arrangement? Time \\'ill pro\'e.

* *

r HAVE not been able to communi;ate with '\-Ir. Wardle, of Keswick, about the subject of the next competition, but if he has no objection I offer the following case ;-At a railway accident a man is found among st the smashed carriages, crushed, insensible, bleeding from the mouth, nose and ears. What is likely to be the matter with him, and how would you treat him, and how convey him from the wreck. * *

* :\1anual of Ambulance," presented THE prize will be Scott Riddell's" by i\ Ir. 'Wardle, with a second prize. Conditions as in former comp etition. First date for sending in answers, May 16th. - - - - : 0 : - - -- -

jJirst ~ib l~frOrll. CrTY -On Tuesday, March 17th, about 8.30a.m., Mr. Samuel Emus W1S riding- his bicycle over Blackfriars Bridge into the City, when the machine slipped, and he fell, twi sting his foot under him. Mr. Alan Palmer was passing at the time, and on examination found he bad a \ ery severe i"jury-a co mpound fra cture of both the tibia and fibula . i\lr. Palmer held the,foot and leg ,havingdespatched one of the crowd to a confectioner's shop for the lid of a chocolate box. TIe then splinted the leO", a"d the sufferer was taken by p.c. 4IO to Bartholomew's Hospit~l Ol~ a litter, \Ihere be wa s attended to by Dr. Clarke. A City Poli ce In spec tor assisted with the stretcher, and knew his work well O=" FI ida)" .\larch 27th, about 12 noon, 1\1r. T. IY. TTubland, of Southwark Bridge Road, fell in Cannon Street, City, and fractured his tibia. i'llI'. Alan P,dmer, \\'ho was going by, promptly render ed assistance. Private A. H. Phillips, of St. Paul' s Ambulance Station, came up with all appliances and litter. The limb lYas secured, and '\Ir. ITu bla nd removed to Bartho lomew' s IIospital by PriYate PhilLps and the City Police, where he \\'as seen by Dr. :\Iarsball, GREAT EASTER=" RATL\\'AY CORP~.-STRATFORD DIV[SroN.-At 5.3 0 p.m., on Thursday, :\[alch I9th, r896, while passing some excavations in connection Ilith the lowering of gas mains, 711r. \\' ill iam " '. Raney noti ced a man name<: William CllItis, of Holloway, being lifted by his mates Irom the diggings. He was taken by them to the \\'atchlTan's hut, \,hen Mr. Raney remo\'ed his boot and found he had sustained a dislocated ankle, after \l'hich, with the assistance of ~[esors . A. Dayey and F. Stokes, cut hi s trousers up the leg, and found he had also fra ct ur ed both bones of the right leg (sin:ple). No doctors being at hand, they obtained pieces of linen rag from some women about 'he diggings, some straw from a grocer s, and a tomato box fr om a greengrocer which was broken up for splints. They had just finisherl bindinO" up the leg and ankle, \\ hen H. j\ larsden and Smith (both members of the G . E. R. Corps) a rrived with a stretcher, on \\'hich he was placed, put in a ,'an, and taken to \Ve st Ham IIospital, where he was seen by the doctor, and put to bed. KES\\' ICK.-SERIOlJS ACCIDENT.-On Monday afternoon 1\1r. J. Dayies (who is employed by l'IIr. Hutton, pork butcher) met with a serious accident while cutting up a pig. He was using a hea\'y knife, which slipped from the grasp of his right hand and fell upon his left wrist on the thumb side, severing an artery and several of th e tendons. As quickly as possible the man went to Mr. Townley's shop. Mr. T. Townley, \\'ho is a member of the Ambulance Brigade, to ok measures to stop the bleeding, ~nd se nt ne .... t door for the help of flIr. :\1. Stamper, and also despatched a messenger for mediC'll aid. There \Ias not a doctor at home at the time , but in twenty minutes or halfan-hour Dr. Gore Ring arri\'ed, and he was follo\\'ed closely by Dr. Crawflll'o. The man was remo\'ed to-the surgery. where Dr. Cra\\'furd attended to the injury. being assisted by i\1essrs. Stamper and J. \Vardle. The patient is doing as well as can be expected. LEICESTER. - -On Friday, March 20th, the Rev. Hazlerigg Grey, when out walking in Leicester, slipped off the kerbstone, and falling, fract ured the upper part of his left thigh bone. He was carried I11tO the Town Hall and examined by Dr. II. Mason , who was driving by at the time of the accident, tlnd the patient was carefully removed to hi s resioence in Southfields in a hand ambulance I·\ agon in charge of Transport Superintendent;. E. Roper, assisted by P.C . Bates and Inspector RielinO"s, and remains under th e care of Drs. Clifton and ::\la ~o n. Tke revere~d gentleman, who is 78 years of age, is the brother of the late Sir A. Ilazlerigg of I osely Ihll, and gl'eat uncle of the present baronet. He has been for some years minister of a Cahanistic Baptist Chapel in Leicester, and was in his eulier years successively an officer in .t he army and a clelgvman of the Church of England. He is O"oing on as favourably as can be expected.-ACCIUENT TO A FOOTBALLER.On March 2Ist, during some loose scrimmaging "'01 k in the Rugby cup-tie between L eicester A and N uceaton, L. Marston, of the latter club, had one of his legs broke n, through being accidently kicked by McKech-

A I D.

nie. An ambulance waggon was procured, and the injured player was conveyed to the Leicester Infirm ary, after he had been attended by Second Officer J. G. ~lobbs, of the Leicester Ambulance Corps, assisted by F. Ward ano G. J. Tebbutl.

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$t. 30bn Bnlbulance lBrigabe. AR;\1THORPE.-CH I;RCH PARADE OF THE DOXCASTER A~1B(' LANCE CORPS.- The first church parade this year ot tbe aboye co rps took place, the assembly being at the Lecture Hall, the men then proceeding to Armthorpe to attend the morning sen·ice. The morning being most unseasonable, many were debarred from attending, but a good number mustered. Suitable hymns were sung, and the chaplain to the corps, the Rev. T. T. Howell, rector of the parish, deli \'ered a strik ing and impressive sermon on \I Religion II especially as it ought to affect men. BRADFORD.-On Wednesday, .\larch I 8th, Mr. W. J. Church Brasier (Brigade Chief Superintendent) inspected the members of the Bradford Corps at the Fire Brigade Station, Aldermanburr, Bradford. Subsequently a meeting was held. The chair was taken by Dr. IV. Gilchrist Burnie (medical superintendent of tbe Bradford Corps), and there 'w ere also present Dr. Browne (the ho'h. instructor of the corps), the Chief Constable O[r. C. J. Paul), :\lr. George Chippendale Chon. secretary), and others, the gathering including- a large number of members of the police and the fire brigade and of rail\\'ay serYants. }Ir. Bra sier having gi\'en a short address, the certificates gained by the students in the classes \\'ere distributed, and :\[r. Bartrop (hon. secretary of the Lai sterd yke classes), on behalf of the members of those classes, presented to Dr. Browne a handsome inkstand in recog-nition of his sen-ices to the class. Dr. Browne suitably acknowledged the gift, and mo\'ed a Yote of thanks to Brigade Chief Supt. Brasier for his attendance. The Chief Constahle, in seconding the resolution, sa id that the Bradford police now in cluded ninety men who were qualified to render first aid in case of accident, and that num bel' l\'Quld. he bopet!, ref )re long be douhled. Very much int erest was taken by the \"atch Committee and by himself in ambulance work, and in fucure no constable would be admitted to the force who did not undertake to make himself efficient in ambulance \\'ork, and any constable admitted I\ho lacked the brains to achieye that efficiency would certainll' not be retained. The resolution \\'as agreed to, and the proceedings closed with thanks to the chair~an. BRADFORD.-:-\ very good sugg-estion has been made by )1r. G. Chippendale,tbe local hon. sec. of the St. John Ambulance Association. :'IIr. Chippendale urges that more interest in ambulance \\'01 k shoulo be taken by employers of labour, and sa \,S he thinks that some arrangement might be made for gi\'ing Instruction in first aid to their employes, and thlt they shoulo also pro\'ide the necessary apparatus to enable help to be given at once in cases of emergency. i\ very excellent sug-gestion whi ch Mr. Chippendale makes is th:lt ambulance boxes might be placed in \'arious parts of the borough, containing the splints, bandages, &c., for the use of policemen and others \\'ho are qualified to gi\'e first aid. He points out tbat in R ochdale there are fourteen appliance boxe3. Bradford will scarcely like to be behind Rochoale in this re pect, and we ha\'e little doubt that before long steps will be t:!ken to pro\'ide these "ery necessary boxes. It frequently happens, both in t he mill and in the street, that by the prompt attention of a quilified first aid person a life or a limb is sa\'eo. Do;-.r cAsTER DD[Q'1STRA TION.-A grand evening demonstration of ambulance work was given by the members of the Don caster Corps of the Brigade, on Thu rsday, 12th L\la rc h. The demonstration was pre. ceded by a public tea, which W:lS provided by the Co·operati\'e Society, and to which about 150 persons sat down. Dr. Ha])o ws, surgeon commanoant of the corps, presidedat the demonstration, and on the platform wiLh him were the lI on. ILlY. and Lady Mary Fitz\\,illiam, :'I [rs. l1allo\\s, Colonel and :\lrs. IIill, and :'IIr. J. L. Cooke. Dr. lIall o\\'~, in the, course of his opening address, said that this \Ias the second annual demunstration of the Doncaster Corps of the St. J ohl1 ,\ mb ulan ce Brigade. LTnfortunately t~ey ~ad fixed,upon a rather inconvenient day for a large number of their friend s. Considerable progress had been made by the D oncas ter Ambulance Corps during the year. La st January they had only one di\'ision, and that di\'ision \\'as in a most oi sOi gauized slate. During the winter ano summer that foll owed they g-ot into better working order, and they now had two dil' isions, both of I\'hich were full. They had belonging to the Corps 80 officers and men, of whom 70 were efficient, and all the efficient men I\'ere in uniform. La>t January they had on ly 25 men in uniform. They hoped soon ~o fOlm another di\'ision, as they made four or five new members e~lch \\·eek . AI I a ppl ica n ts who held the St. John ,\m btl ]a nce certificate 1\ ere aum itted. All the men were thorough ly well drilled. They wanted some new sLretchers, and they would \\'ant ne\\ uniforms for the new men that we re coming in. He was sometimes a~ked 1\ hat the object of the corps was. Corps were being formed throughout GreatBritain bytheSt. John Ambulance Assoc iation, an Associat ion whi ch had done a great deal of good throughout the ci\'ilized world. It supplied surgeons and sick nurses for Dr. Jameson's unfortunate march. It sent out surgeons and

FIRST AID.

nurses to look after the wounded in all parts of the world. The ~ssoci at ion had its headquarters in Lond on, and at its head was the Pnnce of '\"ales, who ga\'e a great amount of attention and interest to the work, and I'rincess Christian also took a great inter~st in it. The men were drilled in the Army Medical Staff Corps drill, and discipline was maintained throuuhout. It had been troublesome sometimes to .~ d enforce discipline, but they had instructions from hea -quarters which they were obliged to work to, and ifthin$s were not as they ?ught to be they v ry soon heard about it. In the St. John Ambulance Bngade were 6,000 members, and all had.co be examined every year and in spected from time to time. In Doncaster an Ambulance Corps must be of very great sen·ice. They had a number of me n in the P lant \ Vorks and connected with other industries in the town . They were distributed all ove r the town. and, wherever an accident happen ed, there were always some of these men about, or not very far off, to render first aid. T herefore he confidently asked the public of Doncaster to give the Brigade their support. Th ey all gave their services. There was not one of them who mad e anything out of it for himself. In helping 0 1 that movement the public were considering their own interests. :r\one of them knew \\'ho would be th e first to require its assistance. T heir Brigade marched inlO the country about once a month lor Church parade. On the Sunday before they marched to Armthorpe, and attended a sen'ice there, and then marched through Cantley home. Fifty men turned out. Before he sat down he would like to say a word about the great kindness and assi stan ce they had receiHd from Colonel Hill. He had given the Brigade his sen'ices and advice as to money matters in a most obliging manner. They had now £20 in the bank, and they hoped ~o in crease the sum \'e ry soon. He wanted money for the e::juipment of 40 or 50 more men. In :he summer he hoped to be able to hold a demonstration in the open air. (Applause.) 11r. Fitzwilliam briefly addressed the meeting. He said thnt the Don castel Ambulance Brigade was a portion, and he trusted a very Efficien t portion, of one of the most useful bodies of men in the world. r na locality iike this, where there were important railway works, and where there was a great mining population close by, an institution of this kind was of great importance. It had given him and Lady Mary great pleasure to witness what the ambulance men of Doncaster were able to do. (:\pplause.) Later in the e'ren ing Lady i\Iary F itzwilliam distributed medallions and certificates as follows :- :Uedallions, Supt. Lowrison and first officer Hardy; second year certificates, Jo~eph S. Fowler and Geo. Newell; first year certificates, Archibald Roe, Jos. :\Iorri s, Arthur SaYflor, Geo. Arnold, Thomas A. Robertshaw, Arthur Greenwood, James Laver, \\'ilson Cro\\'croft, \ Vm. Bulliment, Geo. Gallop, J ames Tindall, and Fred Parker. FAR:\,HAM.-The ambulance yan has been in great request during the pa~t mon th, ha\'ing been out six times during thal period, and covering a distance of about sixty miles. The work has been mostly ilwalid removals-viz., one from farnham to Goda lming, another (0 Alton, one from Hale to the infIrmary, and one from Badshot to infirmary. A case of flactured thigh from Frensham to the station, and on by rail to Guildford Hospital, and a case of smashed nose and palate through kick from runaway horse removed to the Cottage Hospital. On Saturday last it was out again to remO\'e a patient from Farnham to Brookwood, another 20 miles, making an average of over I I miles for each case. lJ1jLL CORPs.-A spec ia l meeting of the above Ccrps was held at the Royal Infirmary on Friday, 20th inst., to meet the Brigade Chief Supt. Church Brasier. Chief Supt. 1\1. nopper, in th~ cha:r, being sup ported by Chief Surgeon C. H. Milburn, Supt. Secretary E. F . Krau se, )Ir. J. French Thomp 30 n (hon. sec. of the local centre), the Mayoress prrs. Richardson) and over 100 officers, nurses and men; the chief officers and several of the nurses were in uniform. The Superintendents of the Central, Peel street, Police, and Cannon street (H ull and ' Barnsley Railway) Di\'i sions reported the preEent strength and equipment of their Didsions. ;'I[rs E. La\'erack, Lady Superintendent of the 1 ursing Didsion, read a report, in \1 hi ch she stated, that si nce October last 60 ladies hal joi ned and several membe rs had commenced practical nursing. itIr. Church Brasier expressed his pleasure at seeing so many present, and explained the object of his appoin tment, to promote a friendly feeling between the different Corps and bring the whole Brigade into uniformity as to drill and management, and he hoped soon to see more of the members of the Ilull Corps in uniform, t he necessity of which was very apparent in London during the Trafalgar square riots, when neither police or crowd recognised them as friends, and boch treated them as enemies. Public duty was now regu larly undertaken in most of the large towns on Bank Holidays and if the Hull Corps adopted t h is, they would soon find out the value of uniform. A vote of thanks was proposed to t h e Chief, and in supporting the vote, the Mayoress gave some reminiscel.ces of her ambulance instruction. Messrs. Slater & Brewer expressed their pleasure in at last having one of the head quarter staff among them. MALDON.-Ambulance Work at Maldon. On February 27th ult., an emergency drill took place, accidents of a serious nature were supposed to have taken place in severa 1 parts of the town, a nd on recei I'ing the message a tlhead-qua rters, despatch parties, co ~ sistingof officers and men-

LApril, 1896.

Last D ibben, J oslin, Moore, and C lements-were sent out. T he sufferers were' brotwht back to head-quarters, and exam i ned by the acting surgeon, Dr. F. G.~Scott, who in his report says" the4supposed patients were well treated, and were such accidents to occur in reali ty, the town would find a \'e ry efficient body of men who could successfully render first-aid." T h e time taken by the yarious desjJatch parties \\'as good, and the bandaging, stretcher drill, &c., quickly and accurately carried out. NORTHAMPTO:-l TRANSPORT SERVICE.-There has been more than ten icases moved by rO:ld, rail and hand litter during the last two months. T he new pneumatic-tyred carriage having travelled during that time ove r on e h unc r.ed mil('s. T hirty officers and men were engaged. On F ebruary 17th, the E arls Barton D ivision held their Annua l D inner, J. 13. W hit worth, Esq., being Cha ir man, while among those present were S uperintendents T horp and Abbott (Earls Barton), and Dr. Jones, H on . S urgeon, C hief Superintendent Perry, Superintendent Olney, Superintendent Re eves, Staff Sergt. Beale, rnspector Gardner and others from the 1\0rth:tmpton Corps. The dinner was a great success and finished with oeveral speeches, songs, &c. February 18th, E c ton Divis ion kindly gave a concert at Cogenhoe which was well attended. On i\1arch 20th, there was an inspection of the new pneun11.ti: -tyred c:l.rriage, held at the Northampton Barracks (by kind permission of Colonel Harlean), by Hon . Surgeon and officers, and great satisfaction was expressed. March 5th, the Duston Di\'ision h eld a tea and concert; there was also presentation of certific,ltes by Drs. Green and Harding. February 25~h, Dr. Harding kindly gave a lecture at head-quarters on u nconsc iousness in relation to first-aid, whi ch was very instructi\'e and well attended. The :'.l arch examinations have never been better attended than this year, there being 59 members present on :\J arch loth. i\larch 19th, Olney Ambulance Corps held a sociJ.1 evening, Superintendent R ee ves and Inspector Gardner attended from Northampton. February 13th, the Corp i held a very successful Dance at the I nfirmary. POTTERIES CORPs.-Dr. Morris has been appointed Surgeon to the Leycett Di vision. At the close of a meeti ng at the meSS-Dom (X. L. R I)'.) Stoke on Sunday, March 15th, some fourteen recently cenificnLed students of the Associat ion were enrolled members o f the Potteries Corps. Fixture3: 1st Apri l, 7.30 p.m., Leycett Schools ; 17th April. 8. -1- 5 p.m., Etruria Schools. The llsual meetings will l' e held at StOke-on-Trent, Newcastle, Burslem, ,\Vaterhou ses, \Yhi sto n, Shelton Iron, Steel and Coal Company, Grindon, and Audley. '\YINSFORD [')lYlSro:-< .-Since our last the foll owing cases ha\'e been dealt with by thi, Di\'ision : Boy scalded on neck , first aid by Private Boden. Poison gi\'en Dy mistake, first aid by Superintendent Hea th cote. Ankle badly sprained, first ,Lid by Superintendent Heath cote and Private Barker. Ha~ morrhage, first aid by Superin ten dent Heathcote . Injury to back, fir st aiJ and remo\-ed home on litter by Private.; Denson and Boden and Superintendent Heathcote. ' Vounds ot hand, first aid by Superintenden t IJe'lthcote. Injury to shoulder, first aid by SuperintenJen t H eathcote.

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS Will be pa id to the Representatives of the purchaser of FIRS rAID in case of death as provided below, by The S i ckness and Accldent Assuranc e Association. L t d. Head Office :-2+, YORK P LACE, EDINBURGH. London Office :-6+, MOORGATE STREET, L ONDON, E .C . To whom notice of Claims under the following condi tions must be sent WITHIN THREE DAYS. Applicable 1;0 Passenger Trains i n Gre a t Britain & Ire land. ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by tne above Insurance Company to the Legal representati ves of an y person killed by a'1 acciden t to the train in whi ch the deceased was an ordinary passenger, or who shall have been fatally inj lIIed thereby, should death result with in 24 hours after such accident. P r ovided that at the time of such accident the person so killt:d or fata lly injured was the o\.vner of FIRST AID for the current month, containing this Coupon legibly signed with h is or her usual signature in ink or pencil, bot h time and signature bein g of the essence of the contract.

£100

Signature ................................................................... ,. ........ ....................... ............. ......... .. .

FIRST AID • A

JOURNAL

N o. 23.-VOL. n.

DEVOTED

[Entered:It Stalioners' Hall.]

MAY, 1896.

lBrevities. WE have recei ,-ed from a, ya,lued contl'ibutor in K ew ¥ Ol·k a full desCl'iption of tbe ambulance service in that city, a1lCI also in the other chief cities in the ,'ta,tes from '\yhich it will be een that the Am ericans are f~1l' ah'ead of m; ill the way of ambulancillg their' 1:itreets. How loner the Bl'iti:-;h puhlic will be content to see the l)olice do hieh ou<.rht i" to be clone by properly traineel mE'n, ,\ye do not know; hut we hope that someone will moye in the matter :soon, and lUl,ye the matter tlll'e1:ih ed out.

wOl'k '\\

* * "VE publi1:i h with pleasure an account of th e doings of the iff

,'uney Brigade Bearer Oompanyat Ea, 'ter, and n~te that the Oompany is asking for rC'C'rllits. 1'hel'e ought to be ellough material in London both for the Ambulance Bl'igatle and the Beal'er Oompanies, but at the same time ,\ye hope that one '\yill not cripple the other.

* ~~

* Bl'igade is m eyic1ence with a hig conccrt last month and a handsome pl'esentation to the Bl·ign.th~ Chid Superintendent (to ,,-110m '\\'e tender our h~al'tf congmtulations), and thc Annual Camp at the end of tlw; mouth. 'rVe ob:;01Te that the yenue i changed . Doubtle s the SUl'l'oullclings of Lilforcl Park will l'ender <lmhula.nc·e duty most p]e,lS<111t amI Hgl·eeable. V\Till it be a picnic 01' good hal'll ,,-m'l\: ? TUE St. John Amb'ulance

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g mI:mI,lllft ~[lorl{ in glllcn f(l. ,\"ITH regard to our recent articles on an ambul ance service for L ondon

,,:e have heen engaged for some time making enqu iries in various large Cllles anent the dIfferent systems of ambulance sen ice in "ouue in foreign countries, and this month \\'e publish a portion of an "'article de\'oted to the ambulance stryice in ,\merica . For this article \Ie arc indebted to 1\1r. J Ohl1 C. BIasier, an old memher of the i\letr opolitnn Cor~s and Lrother of the ~espected prigade Chief ~uperintendent of the S~. Joh~ Ambulance BrIgade. \'\ e hope and trust t hat this series of artIcles \\'Ill pJ'O\'e of interest to our readers and may tend to a bette r a mbulan ce system for the large cities in the l'nited Kingdom. In giving a brief review of the American system of affordinO' ambulance assistance in th.e cities of the L"nited Stales, it m:l.y not b~ 1I10pport une or lI1ap prop rIate to first pomt out the differe nce in the condition of hosp ital relief between the American and the English systems, the better to enable one to appreciate the circumstances that made it possi ble for a free ambulance service to be organi zed in New York City so far back as 25 years ago . THE HO SPITALS. In .tl:is couny? a popul ous city provides, through Its Department of ChantIes or sImIlar body, a free hospItal, at which all cit izens can obtain indoo r or outdoor t reatment These, however, do not answer to the Poor L~w Infirma ries of Grea t Britain, but more nearly correspond to t~e ?ospllal system as ,exel~plified by those English eleemosynary II1stltutlOns-such as Guy s, St. Thomas's, St. George's, the London and other general ho spitals of the English l\Ietmpolis. There are in New York City self-supp orting hosp itals , and very fine and efficient institutions. they are, but their rule is to charge a weekly or daily rate graduated 1n accordance with the position and size of the room tbe circumoccupied, or, in the case of a bed in the general ward stances of the patien t. 1\lany of these hospi tals , h owever , ad III i t la rue numbers of f~'ee patients, b~t this does n ot alter their private character when comparIson IS mnde w1 th the London hos pitals. I t. should be understood that the u se of this free, or munic!pal, hospital has not the pauperising effect that admission to the Enulish workhouse infirmary has. Similarly, education is free in thi s coun{;'Yeve~ to the hIgher grades, and the parents of children in all classes avaIl themselv~s of the advantages in their children's early education, a ~rocedure whIch would probably provoke unfavourable criticism in 1:<.ngland.

(by

Address .............................................. " .............................................................. . T his I nsurance is li mited to one Coupon to each holder, and is not in validated by any Insurance with th is or any other Accjdellt Company. 1t is subject to the ordinary conditions of the Associat ion 's Accident P olicies, and is in force fro m m idnight, 1st Apri l, 1896, un til midn ight , 1st May , 1896.

Printed for the Propnetors by W. J . GOODE, 88 , Clerkenwell Road, and published by ALA.N PA.LMER and CO., 11, Ludgate Hill, E.C.

AMBULANCE

'WORK. PRICE ONE PEN Y.

T he hos pital syste m in New York City may be di\'ided in to three classes, ~luni ci pal: Publ ic anr:l Private. The municipal o r free hospital of New York City is Bellevue II ospital, and it has three dependencies-llarlem, Gouverneur and FOI'dham Hospitals-\\'hich are in the nature of emergency hospitals, being situated in the fanhermost parts of the city and only intended to accommodate accident and other sim ilar cases until such time as they can be transferred to the main hospital. The pu I lic hospitals ar~ such privtte ones as h we esta blished pu~lic ambul,lI1ces, and they are public only so far as their ambulance sen'ices are concerned. The idea of the present system of ambulance sen'ice was sugges~ed in 1868 by Dr. E. B. Dalton, then the Superintendent of the X ew York [l ospital (a private institution founded in 170:) and the oldest of its kind in this co untry), but owing to a change in the di s posi~ion of the institution's property the suggestion was not acted up .: m by the !l1 :ll1agement; b ut in 1869 the Department of Public Charities and Correction approved that gentleman's code of rules, and as a result an ambulance ser\'ice was adopted at Belle\'ue H ospital. Duri:lg the first month of its adoption, December, 1869, there were 7+ calls, the next year the number \Ias 1,+66. It is interesting to notice the increase from tbis time forward, as sho\\,n in the following figures which includes, too, the figures of the other hospitals which adopted the system , and the year of their so doing : 18 9 2 1870 1871 1878 1879 1881 Bell ev ue 1,+66 1,217 1, 606 1,888 2,282 +,85 8 3,216 H ouseofRelief 1,155 1,253 1,321 2,293 X e\\' York 651 5 5 1,15 + 1,5 20 R ooseve lt 273 291 352 1,675 2,066 St. Vincent's 823 1,3ti7 Presbyterian 3 7 1.73 0 In 1893 the total number was upwards of 20,000. The ambulance sen'ice of New York City consists of BeJlenle Hospital (the municipal h ospital), 10 vehicles. Gouverneur H ospital, 2 yehicles; Harlem Hospital, 2 "ehicles; Fordham Hospital, I \'ehicle (Dependencies of Bellevue Hospital) New York Hospital, 2 vehicles. II ouse of Relief (a branch of the New York Hospital) 2 vehicles. R oosevelt H ospital, 3 vehicles. T he Presbyterian IIosp ital, 3 vehicles. St. Vincent's H ospita l, 2 vehicles. l\lanhattan H o~pital, 2 vehicles. Flower Hospital, 2 \'ebicles. With the exception of those of the municipal hospitals these vehicles are under the management of, and maintained by the respectiYe h ospitals, without assistance from the muni cipal authorities. They are under the supervision of the Police Commissioners only so far as the allotment of an area is concerned, from which the indiyidual ho spi tals recei \'e casual t y cases. It appears that when a general and pri\'ate hospitat is desirous of obtainin u a share of the accident and emergency cases in the district in which, or near to \\'hich, it is situated, the manage ment intim ates to the Commissioners their \\ illi ngness to estal,li,h a public ambulance agreein g to recei\'e temporarily all cases they may be callt."d upon to admit with. of course, certain restrictions. The Commissioners then enquire into the status of the institution, and as to its state of efficiency, and if their enquiries be satisfactory a territory is allotted to it by taking- from districts already apportioned to other institutions. I t follo\\'s, therefore, that some parts of the city are better served than other portions, that is, there are more ambulances to a gi\'en area or population in some than there are in others in the same way that there may be more ho spi tal accommodation. Attention is drawn to this to emphasize the fact that the ambulance sen'ice is not distributed over the city in any systemat ic way; althouuh an endeavour is made by the Police Commissioners to equalise the s;rvice so far as is possible, but is entirely the creature of circumstances, which circumstancesare typified by the desire of ho sp ital manngements to secure material for wards. In Exhibit A will be found a map ofXe w York City, kindly supplied by the Police Departmen t showing the ambula nce districts. It is well it shou ld be understood, ~10Weyer, that there being so many ambulances and the ser\'Jce so effiCIent httle, If an)" delay occurs in rendering assisb nce-the time in tra\'elling to reach the patient per mile being five to eiuht minutes, and in less crowded thorolwhfares three and one-balf to six minutes. The in structions to dri\'ers ;~'e that "in respon ding to a call t he amJulance should always be driven at a rapid, but never at a dangerous, rate. In returning, the rate should always be moderate, except when with cases \1 hich must be brouuht to the ho spital witho ut delay." ~

[May, 1896.

FIRST At D.

By act of Legislature, ambulances .have the rig.ht of way ov~r a ll vehicles, excepting those used for carrYll1g U.S. Malls, or respondll1g to fire alarms. Reference to Exhibit B will be of interest, bei ng copies of rules a nd regulations regulating ambulance services of various hospitals. The police force of Kew York City has no ambulances although its members are instructed in the principles of rendering" first a id." The patrol wagons are never u sed for ambulance service there being no need so to u se them. THE CALL. VVhen a case requiring amculanceaid is found in the streets or wit~in a buildinO', intimation is sent to the police head-quarters and on receIpt of the me~sage the telegraph department of the police sends a telegraphic or telephonic message to the hospital to which is ascribed the a.rea. wherein the case is situated, stating its location. The call on reachll1g the hospital is transmitted simultaneously to the stable, and to the room of the surO'eon on duty, where it is ann un ciated by nine resonant strokes of a gong~ The tim e occupied for hitching vari.es in the diffe.rent in stitutions from 30 seconds to twO and one half mll1utes accordll1g to the style of harness used. ?lIETHOD OF Stl ~I MONING. The method of summoning an ambulance is by applying at the police station. a teleO'raph or telephone office, or what is more usual by using one of the nU~lerous private telepho nes, which in this city are in nearly every business house. The street fire alarm boxes may be used for the purpose but only by firemen. I t is in contemplation by the Police Commissioners to place police call boxes in the streets and in Exhibit C will be found papers g iving a full description of these well nigh indi spensable adjuncts to a well governed city. Already the Commissioners have them fixed in the sparsely populated districts with the view of testing their efficiency. 'When placed in the streets, as are the fire alarm boxes, it will make the summoning of an ambulance almost as easy as the hailing of a passing cab. All ho sp itals are connected with the fire alarm system. (In Exhibit C see de scriptions of call boxes.) DESCRIPTION OF THE VEHlCLES. The present standard city hospital ambulance is the out-growth of the variou s ones which came into use for army purposes during the American Civil 'Var, and probably favours the" Ru cker" wagon more than any other, that being the- one recommended for the adoption of the U.S . Army in 1867, after the Paris Universal Exposition, although during the war many types of ambulances and sick wagons were u sed. (In Exhibit D will be found a description of the present carriage by Dr. G. Leonard, whi ch is taken from the Reference Handbook 'of Medical Science, also photographs). Supplementary to that description it may be mentioned that the wheels are not tyred with rubber or other non-percu ssive subst.1.nce, although the n eed for s uch is fully recog nized ; and the authorities of the l ew York IIosp ital are now considering the practibility of u sing pneumatic tyres. It see ms remarkable that the excessively bad condition of the streets has not rendered this an imperative necessity long before this. COST OF VEHICLES. The cost of these vehicles is about 8500 (£121, or tak ing into consideration the difference in the purchasing power of money in England and America say £85 to £90 in England). COST OF MAINTENANCE. The cost of maintaining an ambulance, per vehicle, is about $920 to 1,000 (£190 to £208) or, say in England, on th is same principle as above noted £1 so-this including dri ver's salary and maintenance, horsefeed and keeping ambu lance in repair. SURGEONS. The surgeons accompanying the vehicles are sub-j uniors of the house staff of the respective hospitals to which the ambulance belongs. I t is worth noti cing that although the suggestion of the present system originated with the management of a private hospital it was nearly eight years after its organization by the City IIospital before a private one sought to join the system by establishing and maintaining its own service, and it is understood that then the city authorit ie s for a long time withheld their sanction to such a proceeding, their desire being to CO \'e r as much territory as possible with the ir own vehicles, and it is believed that they only yielded their consent owing to its being so selfevident that the good of the patient would be promoted by admi ssion to a hospital near the scene of the accident and the economy that would resul~ to the city. The question naturally arises, why the management of private instituti ons should have wished to help maintain a service, the whole cost of which the cityauthorities were willing and ready to defray, and the answer may be that after the establishment of the serv ices at the City H ospital, and up to the time of the admission of private hosp itals in to the system , all accident and emergency cases were taken to Bellevue Hospital to the detriment, educationally considered, of the pr ivate ones. lL was a desire to obtain a share of these cases by controllinO' certain districts of the ci ty, and there by affording additiona I clin ical facilities to the studen ts of their respective colleges, that prompted the action of the directorates of the pri vate institutions.

"T.

These gentlemen reserved the righ t to rel::i.i n. such cases ,:s their sp~c! al convenience miO'ht indi cate and of transfernng to the cIty a uth on t les such as for any ~eason might n ot be desirable. AI~d suc h is t?e condition at the present day, with the result that whl~e at one .ll.me the municipal hospital had the advantage over the pnvat~ ~hantl es, the situation is now reversed and the former IS now the recelvlOg house for the rejected, or culls, of the private in stitution s. . . The absence of a municipal hospital in London would preve~t a slmTlar consideration from influencin O' the minds of those responSIble for the maintenance of the general ho~pitals of the English Metropolis. . In New York City, too, a ll hospitals are exempt fror,n taxatIOn whIch is rendered possible by the centralization of the tax1l1g po wer, there being but one body to levy taxes for the ent~re city, whereas the parochial or muni ci pal di vision of London makes It nece ssary that taxation should be resorted to in order to avoid burdening the taxpayers of certain districts. The service as it ex ists in New York Cityhavingthus been described, the consideration of that in use in the other large cities of the Union may be of interest. . . Commencing with Brooklyn, by reasl)n of the fact that It IS the sister city of Tew York, and separated from the latter by the IIarlem Ril'er only- the o ther cities with a population of over 100,000 .each WIll be mentioned in the order of their rank as regards populatIOn; and 'W orcester , Mass., although having a population of but 84,000 \V.ill be r eferred to in order to describe a partIcular and somew hat ongmal system. ., . Attel~tion is drawn to the fact that th e ambulance servIce 111 Amenca, be it :Vlunicipal, Police, or Priva te, is not a purely emergent one. ( To be continued.)

---------:0--------~otes By" TOURNIQUET." I U:-IDERSTAND that a provincial correspondent has written my Editor taking exception to my notes. I am sorry that I inadvertently appear to h ave given great orfence to this gentleman . As a set off, however, many other correspondents have written expressing regret at the recent curtai lment of my monthly items. To the latter [ tender my thanks.

ONE of the chief co mplaints of the '"aggrieved one appears to be my allusions to a certain mysteri ous individual called" the Chief." It will be news to many of my readers as it was to myself that there was anything mysteriou s about the Brigade Chief Super!ntendent. A visit to the Annual Bohemian Concert of the M etrop olTta n Corps on the 16th ult ., would, however, have enlightened him mu ch more completely than any words of mine can. As , howel'er, he has not apparently been a constant subscriber to the Journal , I will refer him to our July nu mber in last year, wherein a portrait of" the Chief" appears.

IT is rather interesting to note *that this very excellent gentleman promises in the event of our altering the journal according to his views, to take one copy monthly.

* *

Now that the instruction seaso n in ambuhnce work is drawing to a c\03e, competitions are once more the order of the day. The annual competitions in connection with the Great Eastern Railway have already comme nced, and I understand that the Kent County Council competition is also within measurable distance.

* *

* to note this, as anyone who has PERSONALL Y I am very pleased watched the progress of these competitions as [ have done 'since their initiation, must have been struck by the immense advantage they have proved to our work. Tte friendly rivalry they provoke amongst the competing teams ensures a much higher state of efficiency in ambulance workers, and is therefore of decided benefit to the grand cause whi ch has for its motto those inspiring words "pro utilitate hominl{1n."

* in the pleasure I experienced at FIRST-AlDERS will unite with me seei ng once more amongot us the kindly and courteo us Director of the Ambulance Department of the Older of St. J ohn. * *

* of his recent illness, but we hope LO RD KN UTSFORD st ill bears t races that with the advent of finer weather, the right honourable gentleman may soon be restored to better health. * *"'

THE Annual Bohemian Concert of the ~etropolitan Corps at the IIolborn T own Hall was a very great success. Captain Sir Alfred Jephson, R.N. , made an excellent cha irma n. II e certain ly was the right man in the right place.

LADY GLOVER'S presence lent *a charm to the assembly, and her Ladyship's kindness in presenting the handsome testi mon ial from the Metropolitan Corps to " the Chief" and Lady Superintendent Church Brasier was very greatly appreciated by all.

FIR S'T

May, 1896.J

"THE CHlEF" was greatly overcome by the tremendous applause whi ch greeted him when he rose to receive the testimonial. It proves to the hilt that he has won the respect and admiration of the Metropolitan Corps; this and his recent present from the Provinc;al Corps testify that it is not Corps but Brigade admiration . Bravo!

***

MANY of those well known in ambulance circles were present. Col. Sir Herbert C. Perrott, Col. E. T. Thackeray, C .B., V.C. (Commissioner) Col. Bowdler-Bowdler (Deputy Commissioner), M r. R.IM. ?vlacLean, Mr. Walter Rowley (Leeds), and Major Andrew ::VIaclure (President of the Volunteer Ambulance School of In struction) being amongst the number. **'" I MUST congratulate Chief Superintendent W. H. Morgan and his co lleagues, Messrs. Havelock, Mason, and C. W. Baker, for the manner in which they organ ised the programme and carried out the concert. The thanks of the Corps and visitors alike are due to the numerous artistes who so kindly appeared. * ** I N the March issue I expressed a desire to see some reports of the V .M.S.C.'s works in the columns of FJI:{ST Am. Surgeon-Major E: J. Lawless, A.M.R., seeing this has sent us an account of the work carried out at Easter by the Surrey Volunteer Infantry Brigade Bearer Company. I see they are desirous of recruiting, and there should be no dearth of applicants. This is a chance for first-aiders in the South 'Western Di strict. * ** MESSRS. W. H. SMITH & SON'S ambulance class proved very success.fu.I, and the pubh~hlllg.house WIll soon be strong in first-aiders. The RelJglOus Tract Soclety III Paternoster Row is quite an ambulance stat ion. * ** I REmND my readers again of the second competition I have arranged under the same conditions as the previous one.

"' *

" c\ T a rai Iway accident a man is found a mongst the smashed carriaO'es crushed, insensible, bleeding from the mouth, nose and ears. ' Vha"'t i~ likely to be the matter with him, and how WOJld you treat him and convey him from the wreck?" * ** ' THE prize will be Scott Riddell' s" M a nual of Ambulance," oresented by Mr. \Vardle , with a second prize. First date for sending in' answers, May 16th. * ** Do not forget the date, and mark the em'elopes, " Competition ."

***

f HAVE heard of two new pronunciations of the word" crepitu s" . "Ch' d " C aractacus. " " lou I d 'It not be better if judcres , 'l'IZ., nstmas, "an and examiners kept to the word" O'rati ng? " It is very express0e, and does not worry people whose education has not been first-class or over the ,,6 th Standard. - -- - :0 : - - - -

Qr-01TtspOlllJtnrt.

re do 1Iot necessarily idmtify ourseh,/!s with the OjJ£lliOIlS held by 0111'

[ 1

corresiJo}~dtmts and cOlZtriblltors·l

Lo"Do:-l AMBULANCE CORPS.- The gentleman who wrote on the subject forgot to sign his letter or give any address. We thank him for his letter, a nd perhaps he would lik e the enclosures returned. Our many correspo ndents are heartily thanked for their co ntributions and cuttings. - - -- :0: - -- -

~lUlttilI

:t811bIic ;Mrrting of tlJt r~ospital ~ilturl.lap jfunl.l.

This meeting was held at the l\1an sion House on Saturday afternoon , March 28th. Alderman Sir Stuart Knill presided in the absence of the Lord M ~yo r. Cardinal Vaughan was one of the principal speakers. Col. SIr Herbert C. Perrott proposed a I esolutio n approvi ng the efforts of the Fund to spread the kn ow ledge of ambulance work amon O' those employed in the workshops and business houses of Lond on. Th~ was seconded by the _Rev. Styleman Herring, and Dr. Tom Taylor, the pop.u~ar lecturer, receIved great applause when he rose to support the propOSItIOn . H e saId that ambulance work needed no apology. There were two classes of perwns who objected to ambulance trainin 0'. The first class thought it wa s u seless. But he subinitted that in cas~s of accident or sudden. illness m uch su~ering might be avo id ed ~nd many lives prolonged If adequate first aId could be rendered pendlllg the arrival of a doctor. The second class quoted the hackn eyed proverb "A little knowledge is a dangerous thing." He held tha: ign ora nce w~s fearfully dangerous, and what was worse, perhaps, than Ignorance, was what he might call mental in digestion. Hence it \\'as that the Fund organised classes fO.r rendering fi;st aid to the injured, followed by others for studylllg nursl1lg and hygIene. F urthermore, a Hospital Saturday Fund Divi sion of the St. J ohn Ambulance Brigade is about to be formed in order that the students may have facilitie s for continuin g their stud ies

AID.

and practi sing in London under competent supervision. IIe considered thaL the Fund was the best organization for carrying on this work. It was more in touch with the Metropolitan workshops and houses of business than any other organi:ation. The ambulance work would increase the utility of the Fund, would promote its income, and would help to develop the work of the St. John Ambulance A.ssociation. General Sir G. H. S . Willis then presented one hundred and five certificates of the St. John Ambulance Association for proficiency in "First Aid" and" Nursing and Hygiene" to the successful studen ts in the three last cla:ses held in connection with the Fund. Votes of thanks to General Willis, to the Lord Mayor, and to Sir Stuart Knill closed the p roceeding'S. ' The Ambulance Committee of the atoye Fund have elected Mr. J. MacGregor (chairman), and Mr. R. M. :YlacLean (v ice-chairman). Mr. MacLean represents ~he St. John Ambulance Association on the Com mittee. They are prepared to consider applications for the formation of first aid classes in workshops. We sincerely hope this offer will be taken up largely, and also that the contributions from the workshops WIll be adequate. Messrs. A. R. Ru ndell and A. Poncerot have presented a set of diagl ams for the use of the classes and a com pletely fitted ambulance litter has been given by ;\Iesdames Ponc'!rot and Thomas.

- --:0: -------

m:lJt ~nnnaI Qr-amp of instrnrtion of tlJt ~t. ~Ol)ll ~mblllilnrt

13ri!Jil l.le.

By kind permission of The Right ~on. L ord Lilford the St. John

~m~ulance Brigade A.nnual Camp of In struction will be held this year

LIlford Park, Oundle, from 3[ay 23rd to 30th, 1896. .\s it wa s the almost unanimous wish of the officers attending the laLe Conference that the Camp should be held in the :'Il idlands, and at \Yhitsuntide, it is hoped that the officers and members of the Prol'incial Corps will make el'ery effort to attend, and thus assist the Hfad Quaners Stafr in nuking this year's Brigade Camp the most successful yet held, and thereby prove by mustering in large numbers that the change of locality and date has been advantageous to the Brigade as a whole. As this year the funds at our d isposal are nOL in too flourishillO' a co nditi on, members are urged to obtain subscribers either in mo~ey or kind towards the Prize Fund "'hile it must be distinctly recognised that Instruction should be the first con : iderati o n in attending Camp, the necessity is also apparent of prol'idin O' for Lhe amuseme nt of the members. Cricket and other sports will therefore be provided for leisure hours, and arrangements will be made for concer ts, &c. The annual competitions will take place on 'Yednesday, l\Iay 27th, when the handsome Brigade Challenge Cup, presented by H on . Surgerm A. Symons Eccles, and open to the whole Brigade, will be com peted for by teams of 8 men and I officer, and a su pernumerary o fficer. The rai lway companies, as usual, have kindly consented to :l reduction in ratts, viz., the return journey at single fare. I n orde r to facilitate arrangements application should be made at once by those desiring to attend. As the cost of carriage of stores is heavy, accommodation can only be guaranteed for those who make early application . The fatigue party will, as usual, proceed to camp one week in aJvance, under the command of the Acting Camp Quartermaster. Further particulars may be bad from the Brii'{ade Chief Superin tendent, St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell. All letters should be marked " Camp." - - - - :0 : - - - ll1

JDrill ~r()er5+ VOLUNTEER A:'I1BULAKSE SCEIOOL OF T~STRUCTI()N. President.-:'IIAJOR A"DREIY l\I ACLURE, V.D., late L.S.RY. OjJices. - 7, St. Benet P lace, Gracechurch Street, E .C. ORDERs.-The next class for the training of stretcher bearers of units will be held at the Head Quarters of the London Rifle Brigade, 130, Bunhill Row, E.C., by permission of Colonel H. Cholmoncley, Commanding, and will commence on :'I[onday, October 3th, at 7.30 p.m. Application Forms can be obtained of Colour-Sergeant C. J. Downer, L.S.R.\., Fairfield, Willesden Park, 1.'V., or at 7, St. Benet Place, Gracechurch Street, E.C. By Order, II. F . STOKE, Surgeon-Maj or, Senior i\ledi ca l Officer Instructor.

----:0:---TOYN BEE HALL.-Lectures on 'First Aid" will comme nce at Toynbee Hall, for women, by Dr. Alfred Eddowes, on l a y 29th; for men, by Dr. Dundas Grant, F.R.C.S., on l\lay 28th. Fee for the course, two shillinO's, names to be sen t to Supt. IV . H. 'Vin ny. TOYNBEE NURSIN G GUII.D.-On Tuesday, April 28th, a lecture on the II Surgical aspect of the Rontgen or X Rays," wa s del~vered to the members of the Nursing Guild at T oynbee Hall by i\Ir. Sydney Rowland, M.A. The lecturer performed a number of experiments, took several skiagraphs during the evening, and afterw<lrds eithibiieo. them by m~ans qf the oxy-hydrogen lantern.

FIRST

IMPORTANT NOTICE. We b eg to give no t ice that this Journ a l will in futur e be published on the 1st of the m on th . 1 n o rd e r to meet the requirem !' nts of the trade, it must b e actually pub l ished by the 2 5th or 26 th, so we mus t ask a ll o ur c orrespo ndents to s e nd in th e ir contri butions by th e 22nd at the late st. TO ADVERTISERS. As no pap er at the pres e nt d ay can ex i st 'wit h out Advertis em e nts, w e begto draw the atte ntion of Adv e rtisers to th is J o urnaL It h as b ee n i n exis tence fo r 23 months, nas a ste adily incre a s ing ci rculation , an d i s the o nl y J o ur r. al cf its k i nd circulat ing a mon gs t fi rs t a iders in all p a l'ts of th e w orld, a nd is r e ad by thousands every m o n th. These ar., fdc ts w orth kn ow in g and di g estin g .

T E R MS OF SUBSCRIPTION . F OR 1 2 mon ths, IS . 6d, post free, to be sent to the P ublishers, A lan Palmer & Co., IT, Ludgate H ill, London, E.C. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-" ARTERY , LONDON."

FIRST AID ~IL1 Y

1, 1896.

As the present session of 1895-6 has co:.rPETITJOXS. now come to an elld, it is interesting to look around and obsen-e the YarioLls m~th ods t h at are adoptcd by organisers of ambu lance work to ascertain the results of thei r labours. One method, that of examination, is of course on ly applicable to those who haye just joinei t he ranks of first-aiders, or whose knowledge has become somewhaL rusty, and is employed to find out if the pupils haye reached the standard, or standard, for we are afra id that they \-ary considerably, set by the examiners. The other method, that of com ~etition, is made u e of amongst those .wno are already fu lly qualified to render first aid to ascertain the degree of efficiency at which they haye arri \'ed. Competitions haye long been held to be of great value in promoting the efficicncy of those concerned, and in spreading the know ledge and usefulness of our work. We belieye that it has been maintained by some that they are of no practical good, that these exhibitions of supposed cases and dummy patien ts are not like the real thing, and may lead to wrong treatment. There may be something to be said in fayo ur of these objections especially t he last one, but we hold that exactly the opposite results will fo ll ow. A great deal must depend on the judges, for if they allow wrong ideas of treatment to prevail amongst the competitors the whole system must, of course, be fau lly, bUl we do not think this is the case. Competitions if conducted properly under the care of painstaking surgeons, must result in the increase of efficiency in the com pet itors. Let us now consider the adYantages of competitions, and what is to be gained from t hem. As stated above, the standard of efficiency musl of necessity be raised, a healthy riyalry is created amongst men who otherwise wou ld be indifferent so long as they Iud reached a certain standard, an esprit de corps is established, which of itself is a great gain, and the men acquire confidence in themsel \'es by getti ng riel of the nen-ousness \yhich inexperience is always associated with. Competitions are also of great use in showing lo the public what ambulance work really is. \ Vhen the public see wha t can and ought to be done in the event of a serious accident happe ning, then an in terest is taken in the matter, enth u 5iasm is excited, a (lpsire to become

C~Iay, 18S6.

AID.

further acquainted with it is created, resu lting in the formation of classes, and th e extension of the good work. C')mpetitions of some form or other ~~~e now ~ecome so <Yeneral that almost every corps or dl\TISlO11 has Its own cOl~est to deCide who is the best all-round man or which is the best team. A short time since the Great Northern Railway Company had a lar~-e competition at which teams from \-arious places on the ~ll1e took part. ~t the present time the Great Eastern RatIway Comp:l.l1y IS carryll1g out one 011 the same scale. The railway companies jn t::e n orth of Scotland are also yery fond of this kind of work, so all this show5 that there is something to be gained or le:lrnt by ha\Ting these contests. . \ Ve would certainly ad \-ise all fir5t-a1der~ . not to neglect the opportunity of ent~ringfor a COl11;Jetltlon whene\-er they can: all cannot be Wll1ners, but those defeated are not necessarily disgracel, and something new can aiways be acquired at e\-ery contest. 1£ it be not presu mptuous on our part to say a word to the J' udo'es ~ , we should like to add,. lel common sense as 1 well as book learcing haye a place 111 your trealment, anc , abO\'e all, let strict impJ.rtialitr preyail. - - - - : 0,- - -

jftr5t ~[1I l{ffor1). CARSH ALTO:"1 , SURREy.- \Yhilst the Carsh::tlton Fire Br!gade were at Drill on April 2nd, Forem::tn Courtm'ln W_lS se\'erely II1Jured by a lever sLrikina him on the head. He W.1S at once attended to by F,reman IVoolgar, who aLo cOlli-eyed him to Dr. '\Iog~r's sUI:gery. KESWrCK. - ·On Monday, March .30th, whde \[,. Robert. Saunde.rs was endea\'ouring to cuL a root whIch \\:~s '~ the way of h,s work III the road alteration in Borruwd,Lie, the knIle sl pp~d and he slashed the back of his left wrist in a serious way. The wound bled a great deal, but his colleagues had bound it UQ wrongly. Be was met on h,s way to th~ doctor's, at Keswick, by. :\[r. J. II: WIlson, a ,member of the \ mbulance Bri<Tade who aa\'e hIm atLentlOn and rehef, and stopped r ,." b r d' 5 surgery, were h the bleeding. ;\1r. Saunders came on to D r. C ra\\',ur the wound was dressed, MERT0:"1.-0n E::t.ster ,\IonJay, April 6th, Pri\'ate [\ndrews, of the J\lIel-ton and Wimbledon Division, was called to the asslsLance of Edmund Parish, a plumber, of Battersea, who had fallen 40\\'n 111 Gladstone Ro::t.:I, Wimbledon, in. an apparenL stat~ of collapse, Pri\'ate Andrews at once saw that it was a mos.t serIo.us ca"e, there being no. sig-ns of ei.ther respirati.on or pulse. I:~ Imll1e~latc[y r~.s~rted to arti ficlal resp,raLlOn, and con tm ued III h,s exel tlons un ttl Lhe al! I\.a I of a surgeon, who pronounced th~ unfortun:J.te man to be dead ~rom faIlure of the action of the hearL. Pnvate Andrews assls~ed the polIce Lo move the body on an ambulance to the mortuary, ha\'mg performed all that was p03s:ble under the melancholy circum~tances.-On SlturLhy, April 25th, during the progress of the Fmal Cur T,e Footbal.1 ~1aLch, at Merton (Herald Cup), one of the players rccelved a se\'ere tnJury La the lea. Private Brookback, 'who was on duty, le"dered the nece3sary first ~d, and the suffere", after expressing his Lhan,ks, was aTble, to proceed home.-:\1arch qth, E. J elphe, 2 I, St. :\,Jary s Road, N ottIng Hill, fracture:! Fibula, during fooLball match at ~1erton (Po~ytechll!c Resen'es). Splin ts, pads, and bandages, under dlfectlon of Secretal y Orchard. Removed Lo St. Thomas's,~'\Iarch, qth, IV. Bartlett, 6, Gt. Turnstile, Holborn, fractured Cla\,lcl~, dunng football maLch at ,\1erton (H Team, Polytechnic). Pad, slll1g,. an,d banciagt', u~der direction of Sergeant Rushmer. Remo\'ed Lo Ktng s College HospItal. "EW HOLLAND. - SHOCKfNG ACCIDE:-IT TO A FO~EMAN'.- \ lr. Burleston, foreman for Messrs. G . \Vebs~er and S~l!1, ~tl and colour merchants, Hull, m~t with a serIOUS acc,denL ,on Earle s sltp at New Holland. He W.1S w.llking down it when he sltpped and fell 111 among the cra·Jling and broke his leg. ASSIstance bell1g at hand, he ",.as remove::! aboard the :\1anchester, Sheffield and Lll1colnsh/re f~rryboat, Grill1sby about to cross to Uull. The steward~ 1\11. R. "mtel, who IS a St. Joh~ Ambulance man, with the .help of P,C, ~arker, rendered first aid to the sufferer, who was endUrIng great plln, the b,:oken bone protrucli ng not on Iy th rough the flesh but through Lhe stockll1g as well. ;\II'. BurlesLon W.lS, on arri \'at at II u 1.1, conveyed ~o the Royal Infirmary, where the injured limb was set. \VI.nter IS po~slbly ~he o~lly one of Lhe comp:my's officials on the river statlO:1S who IS e~clenL In ambuln.~ce 'ol'k ~Ild the usefulness of h,s knowledae of fir5t aId Illay be me:lsllled \\ ," ;:, h' . I b by the fa.ct Lhat wi th in thc last twel ve. mon Lh, IS servIces n ve ~en called into requisition half a dozen tlmes, on. one occaSion he bemg successful in restoring anim1tion in a drownll1g man who h1d been pronounced pasL recovery .

May, 1896 .J

F I RS T

@ur l80rtrait 8 aUerp+ STUART

CRANFORD

MISSIONER, ST .

WARDELL,

ESQ.,

DEPUTY

C OM-

JOH:'oI AMBULANCE BRIGADE.

THE gentleman whose portrait appearsin our gallery this month is the Deputy Commissioner for No . .. or the Eastenl Di trict of the St. John Ambulance Brigade. It was in the year 1878 that Mr. \Vardellfirst took an interest in ambuL nee work obtaining his cer~ tificate after an examination under the late Surgeon-:'dajor Shepherd. In the , same year, at the instigation of ':\1r. John Furley and the late Colonel R.uncan! he fOl:med the first Colliery Centre at the llbshelf and. B1.rchwoo(~ C;ollieries., aIid he has always taken an actn-e ll1terest 111 It ever Sll1ce. One of the first corps in connection with the St. John Ambulance Bri<Yade was .also formed at these collieries" and it is mainl)i::>due to h1s energy and persol:al populanty that this Corps now l1l1mbers over 2:;:0 men 111 uI1l[orm. In ~1ay) J 893,- Her M?st Gr~cio~s Majesty the Queen honoured the Corps by III pectllw It and the Babbin<Yton Corps in \Vindsor Park, I\lr. vVa1~ell ,\\Tas in command on this occasion, and at the conclusion of the review had the honour of being 'pres~ntcd to Her Majesty, who expressed her great satlsfactlOn at what she had seen. Other ucce:ssful re\'iews h a\-e also been or<Yanised by this gentleman at \ Voolaton Park and \Velbe~k Abbey the first before Lord W"olseley and the latter before Hi~ Grace the Duke of Portland. The Corps which he has the honour to command ~as also been inspected by members o[ the ~~-my Med1~al Staff, once by SurgeonGeI?eral Sir \ Vdhal-.n Macku1I10n and Surgeon-Major AllLn, and not long sll1~e by Surgeon-Colonel Taylor, who many of ou_r readers Will remember was in chal-ge of the army medlcal arrangements in connection with the Ashantee campaign, all of t~ese gentlemen expressing themsel\Tes as hlghly pleased :"lth the proficiency displayed, and the general tum out oftl1e Corps under 111'. \ Vardell's command. Il~ 188 9 the Ord~r of St. John, recognising the yaluable servIces :endered 111 connectio.1l with ambulance work, elected hml an Honorary ASSOCIate of the Order and in Febnlary, 18 96 , 111 further reco<Ynition he was pl:omotod to the rank of Knight of Grace ° on th~ recommendati~n of the Commi.ssioner (Colonel Tbackeray). .Mr. 'Wardell was also appoll1~ed Deputy Commissioner for lhat part of the country which owes so much to his t>nergy and 10\'e for ambulance work. 'Smart an~ ol~ierly in appt>arance, Mr.\Vardell possesse ~ll the qual1ficatlOl1S l1ece~sary to command men, and he IS deservedly popular WIth the ·men toward::; whose P2-ofic1ency he has devoted so much time and interest. I .h ose who ha ve the pleasure ofknowino- him and reco<Ynise hIS worth, wiil, we are sure, j oin in hoping that he °may

A ID.

be spared many years to fill the honourable position to which he has recently been appointed. \Ve cannot conclude this brief account without some allusion to Mrs . \ VardeU, who has always so ably seconded her husband's efforts. Mrs. \Vardell is Lady Superintendent of the ~ ursing Diyision of the Tibshelf and Birchwood Corps, and on the occasion of the Royal Review at Windsor had charge of the hospital tent, which was honoured by a visit from Her Majesty, to whom Mrs. \iVardell subsequenLly had the honour of being presented. :0:- - - -

~he

annual :f13ohenlian <toncert of the MetropOlitan <torps, St. john anlbulance :f13rigabe. PRESEXTATIO~ TO TIlE BRIGADE CHIEF SUPERI:\TTENDENT. This Concert took place with great eclat at the Holboln Town Hall on Thursday, :\pril 16th. Captain Sir Alfred Jephson, R.X. Secretary General ,of the I.Order of St. John, preSIded, supported by Lady Glover, Colonel S,r Herbert C. Perrott,IBarL, '\Ir .R. MacLean .\lacLean Colonel E. T. Thackeray, C.B., \'.C., R.E. (Commissioner), Colonel Bo\\'dler-Bo\\'dler (Deputy-Commissioner), ,\/ajor Andrew .\laclure 1\lr. \Valtel ROII':ey, Lieutenants Danceand Baker, ,\Ir. T. \\T, Tempany' and a large num ber 0 t :'\ ursing Sisters in uniform. Amon CYst the officer~ pre~entlVe n.oticed Brigade Chief Surperintendent 1\'. J. Church Brasier, Ch,ef SupennLenden ts W. H . .\Iorgan, P. Hayman, and T. H. \\Toolston (\Vellingborough). Hon. Surgeons J. F. \Voods, Surgeon-Captain R_ Sleman, Surgeon-Lielllenant A. C. Tunstall, J. C. Round, and lIon. Dental Surgeon A. Albert. Superintendents W. R. Edwards, F. D_ Mackenzie, A. J. Trimmer, E. R . Goodwin, W. H. n-innv T. A. Painter, J. Wells, Lieut. T. F. H. Briscoe, J. J. Olley Horton -[~rooks Evans, C. 'V. Baker, Hodgson, and ,V. J. H. PonLin, First' Officer~ Hustwayte, G, T. Cooper, \V_ D .. Liddell, B. Jennings, J. C. Lines. Second Officer Hankll1, and ThIrd Officer Clear. Staff-Seraeants P. A, :,\ix, J- Birnbaum, Sugg, Friend, Early, \Villiams, E. Porte~ and R . Jackson. Sergeants Robinson, E. P . Phillips, Churcher, S. H. Vi'lven, Pridmore, Lomas and Searson. The following artistes \'ery kindly gave their sen'ices. Sentimental ~ongs, Duets, &c.: '\lisses CO:1stance Adair, Florence Croft, :\fa ud Evans, Florence Toomer, AnnIe ,\lallows, Madame Ethel Harwood and '\lessl's. D'Arcy Chyton, Broughton Black, Henry Prenton, J. 'Villiams, and T. Bennett. Humorous Songs, Quartettes, &:c.: Messrs. Charles Wood, F. Allandale, Tom Day, Russell Vau<Than and Arthur Ling. '\liss Englefield and :\lr. Sidne~' Gan~'y gaye ~ very c1e\'er perand ~[r, Cecil Beryl formanc,e enLltled "ThoughL TransmISSIOn, Graeme s Character ImpersonatIOns are better each tIme we see them. The instrumental portion of the yrogramm,e was prO\'ided by :\11'. Charles Thom.J.s (zllhel: and banJ?), .\11'. l\orton Grenop's Concert party, E\-erard s .\IandollUe and GUItar Orchestra, the t.a\'ord:lle Banjo Quartette. ". The St. john A,mbulance Brigade "larch" was performed for Lhe first LI~le by Everard s Orches~r~ and conducted by the COI11poser, Mr. G. II. Hucke, a~d eltc~ted great. applause. The accompanIsts were M,ss C. Phdlpps h .. eeley, R.A.M., Miss Aanes T~ompsol1, :\1.'ss Annie .Mall~ws, and !'I.Ir. Colin Frost. Space wIll not admIt ollr dealIng WIth the vartous Items, but we must mentiol2 the duet ".\Iiserere" Tromtore) whicl: was sung by l\[,SS l<lorence Croft and '\fr. D Arc), Clayton, thIS was :l <Treat t,eat. The songs of '\Jiss Annie :\Iallows, Miss Florence Toome; and ,\11'. lIenry Prenton desen'e sFecial mention. fL is rare to hear such a v..u-ietyof ulent, and the heartiest thanks of all concerned are due Lo Lhe host of performers. who so cheerfully \'~Iunteered to help the good ~:t.L1se. M::. T. A. Dickson, 0f C?VenL Garden, and Messrs. Finney 0.: Co., of Clerkenll'ell, kindly pronded the stao-e decorations the grand pianoforte being !enL by :\Iessrs. Erard. Sergeant Drury bad cllarge of the refreshmenL department. The 1110St impol:tant .feature of the evening was the presentation of a v~ryhand50!l1e t~sl!monlal to Brigade Chief uperintendent \Y. J. Church Brasier from the medical and ambuln.nce officers, nursing sisters, supernumerary offic~rs and '>:nk and file o.f the .\leLropolimn Corps, St. John j\mbulance BrtD'ade. lhe presentatIOn was nude by L.1dyGlo\er who tra\~elleJ. all the way from W.orcestershire in oruer to be present. 'The testllllOnlal conSIsted of an tllumln'lteu address anJ a cbest of sil\'er comprising o\-er 100 pieces and weighing 182 ozs., "nd a diamond duster ring for LaJy Superinlendent Church Brasier. The address was worded as follows : < ,I '\IETHOl'OLlTA:-I CORPS, ST. JOU:-I .\~II3ULANCE BRIGADE. ST. JOLIN'S GATE, CLERKE:-I\\'ELL. "This Testimonial, together with a present of pi:lte, is presented to

(l!

FIRST

Brigade Chief Superintendent William John Church Br<1:sier by the members of the Ietropolitan Corps, St. John Ambulance Bngade'1:l~on his retirement, through promotion, from its contr?l,as a sll:all recogmtlOn of the zeal and ability which he has always displayed III the cause ?f ambulance work especially in the formation and development of their Corps and as a ~ark of the esteem In which he is held by the whole of its members." . . Appended to the address were about 60 representative slgnature~. Superintendent 'V. R. Edwards, the energetic secretary of the testl' monial fund, read the address, and some very kind allusi~ns were made but we were unable to catch a sound amid the. deafenmg .applause. Lady Glover having grac.efully made the presentation, expres~l11g, at the same time the pleasure It ga~'e her to make the presentation to one who had clone so much for ambulance work especially in the Brigade. The "BriO'ade Chief" who was much affected, thanked Lady GI.over and all fo; the great 'honour paid to him, and said, "there were times when one would like to say a great deal, b~t felt abl~ to express very little. He could not hope that evening to gl\re anythmg !Ike adequate expression to the feeling of gratitude he had towards those w.ho had giYen him such remarkable and valuable tokens of go?dwl11 and appreciation. For anythmg he had done for the Metropolitan Corps, he had always felt repaid b)~ gaining the ~stee:n. and support 01 th.e brother officers with whom It had been hiS pnvilege to work. ThiS was a red letter day in his life, and, as they. ha~ been good enough in the presentation to include something for bls WIfe, be begg.ed to thank them on her behalf also. She had been a good second to him in the work of O'uidinO' the ambulance ship, and he trusted they might botb be spared'" for ~:tny years to sail on in the same good course." The excitement of the audience was 50 great and the rounds of applau~e so enthusiastic that we were unable to gather much of mterest ~h~t was spoken by those taking part in the ceremony. The CommiSSioner, Col. E. T. Thackeray, proposed a very hearty vote of thanks to Lady Gloyer wh ich was seconded by Col. C. B. Bowdler, Deputy Commissioner, and this was t~e signal for another. tremendous ou tburst of applause. Colonel Su' Herbert Perrott replied on be~alf of her ladyship in a few well chosen remarks, at tbe same time telling the audience tbat Lady Gloyer \Va: an excellent speaker. A little later in the eve nmg', when her ladyship was lea vmg, escorted by Sir Herbert Perrott, she had to stop in the hall to ackr.owled~e tbe cheering. Her kindness in. c?ming so far. and her pres~nce del~g~ted all and tbere seemed no lImIt to the deSire to show their appreciatIOn. Si; Alfred J ephson stayed untIl the close, and tben appeared in no hurry, indeed, sorry the proceedings termina~ed so ~ar1y (11 p.m.). On all hands we hear it whispered what a capital chairman be made. A very h~arty yote of thanks was unanimously passe~ to him at the close of the proceedings.

----:0:----

~t.

.IDobn ~mbulanc£ lSrigabe.

PRO\'INCTAL CORPS. H ULL.-In connection with the Hull Corps, i\lr. J ..French Tho:npson, hon. secretary of the Hull centre, gave a lecture m the Ethen~g ton Ward Royal Infirmary, to the members of the central and nt.rsmg divisions 'on "The Thermometer," illustrated by various k!nds of therm ometers charts and experiments. The lecturer dwelt bneflyon the health of the bod'y, and batbs, showing the effects of col.d. tepid, and hot water, and how to take the temperature and register It on the nursing chart. The lecture was very instructive, and was much appreciated by a large audience. A hearty vote of thanks was passed on the motion of ;Ylr. E. F. Krause, seconded by Mr. R. Slater. I PSWICH.-This Corps continues to grow and f1ourisb. ~taff-Serg-. Offsel, of the Volunteer Brigade Bearer Com~any, has Just been appointed D eputy Superintendent, and. the practl~l work done under his direction is excellent. The Corps IS now workmg up demonstra· tions for the June meeting. NEWPORT (LW.).-The annual meeting of this Corps \~'a.s held in the practice room, Dr. Barr, hon. surgeon to the .Corps, presldmg. The hon. secretary (Mr. F. J. Denham) read the SIxth annual r.eport, of \\ hich we give an extract :.-,1 The occurrence book will sho~v that th e Corps has not been Idle dunng the pa.st year. On.analysls it will be found the wagon has been out on 10 dIfferent occaSIOns, the wheel· litter 3, stretcher 8, and I understand there are some 30 to .40 minor occurrences in which almost every member has taken part. With reO'ard to competitions, the Corps has not taken an active part in, these d~ing the past year on account of other e\'ents, only co:opetmg ~t Shanldin , and not being so s ~ccess ful as on. former occasIOns. I~ IS hoped during the ensuing year we may fin.d. tIme to. form a compet~ng team to tak e part in ambulance competItIOns, which are becommg "cry popular of late. The average attendance at the monthly drills ha s been very good for the past year, but the Corps has de~rea~ed slightly numerically on account of the compulsory annual examl~atlOn held on i\lay 27th last by our hon. surgeon, at the result of wblch he

A I D.

[May, 1896.

expre!;sed great satisfaction .. We have pleasure in recalling our visit to Chale, which was greatly enjoyed by the Corps, who were so liberally entertained by Mr. Frederick Pinnock (our hon. treasurer) at Sealan.ds, after which a demonstration was held o~ the law?, the ~r?unds bemg thrown open to the public on this occasIOn. It IS gralifymg to learn that our worthy treasurer has a balance in hand of £3 rs. rod." The report was unanimously a~opted. The officers w.ere then elected for the ensuing year., Dr. Barr kmdly consented to agam act ~s hon. surgeon. All the other officers were re-elected, with the exceptIOn of the ho~. secretary, who stated that through pressure of other matters, and hiS daily occupation being out ?f the. town, he was unable to pa Y ~he necessary attention to the duties which the ?ffice ~f hon: .secre.tar}r mvolved, and having had tbe honour of hol~iJ~g thIS. poslt1?n smce the formation of the Corps, in 1889, he felt prIVIleged m ~tatmg tha~ he was not open for reappointment .. A vote of .thanks havmg be~n given the retiring hon. secretary for hiS past serVices, Mr. J. W. G!bbs was duly elected to fill the office.. At tbe conclusion of the busmess tbe Chairman presented medallIOns. to Messrs . F. Peach an~ G:eorge Butchers, and certificates for havmg passe.d the second ex~mInatlOn to Messrs. Blee, Saunders, and Tewbury, sa~mg he ~oped thIS would encourage them to work and obtain medallI ons, which. he should lI~e to see every member of the Corps possess. The proceedmgs closed With a hearty vote of thanks to the Cbairman. POTTERIEs ,-On Easter Sunday morning (by permission of the Vicar, who is an officer of the Corps) a church parade took place at Etruria Cbw-ch. The officers present were Supt: Boardman, Second Officer Hancock, and Second Officer Bagnall. It IS proposed to hold a meeting of Officers of this Corps on May 2nd. WELLINGBOROUGH.-Last Whitsuntide the Wellingboroug~ <;orps held a camp of instruction at Lilford Park, by the kInd. p~rmlsslOn .of Lord Lilford A deputa tion of officers of the Corps, conslstll1g of Chief Surgeon Audland, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.~., Chief Sup~:inte~.dent Wo?lston, Superintendents HJ!ton and HiggIn S, togethel :lItb Bl1g~de ChIef Superintendent W. J. Church Brasier, ~nd ChIef Supenntendent Trenery (Orderly o.ffice~ a t the l~st camp), Journeyed to LJ!ford. Th~ deputation was received m the library at the Hall by Lord and Lad) Lilford. Chief Superintendent 'Voolston first prese nted an album of enlarged photographs, taken during the last Camp, as a ma rk ~f the appreciation and indebtedness of the officers to Lord and Lady Ldford for the great kindness and help received from them du.nng theIr stay at Lilfonl. Both Lord a nd Lady tilford expressed theIr pleasure at receiving the deputati.on, and i.n accepting the album assured thos~ present of their great mterest III Ambulance work, and t~e lr cOl1tlllue.d help in furthering the good cause. A letter was then pI~sente.d to hIS Lordship from Colonel Thackeray, C.B., V.C., R .E., aS~Ing hiS ~ord ship's permission to hold the Brigade . Camp. of. I~ struct lO n at Ldford this Whitsuntide. His Lordship siglllfied hiS WIllingness to grant the permission, and to do everything he c~)Uld to further the s.uCC€SS of the Camp and promised to communicate perso nally WIth Colonel Thackeray. The officers were afterwards entertained to. luncheon by Lord and Lady Lilford. During the arter~oon the site and water supply, &c., for Camp in th~ Deer Pa.rk were 1I1spected and thoroug~ly approved of by Brigade Chief Supenn.tendent. W. J. Church Bra Sier. The officers returned home in the evenmg, ha v1I1g spe nt a pleasant day and witb many remembrances of the kindness of Lord and Lady ~Il. ford. It is expected that this will be the large st Ca:np o.f InstructlOn ever held by the Brigade, and the several Corps 111 .thls county ar~ expected to have a large muster. The photographs wele taken by ~I. Arthur Mills, of Billing Road, who was the guest of the Co~mandIng Officer at the Camp, and the album was made by Messrs. BIrdsall and SOI1, Northampton. ---:0:---

~urreJ1

)Sngabe )Searer Qrompann.

FOR the first tim~ at an Easter mobilisation of the Surrey Volunteel Brigade a Brigade Hospital was established during the four days train'ing'at Eastbourne. On Thursday morning, A~ril 2nd, an advance p::trty of four orderlies of the bearer company w~tb Sergeant-Major Keable proceeded to Eastbourne to take over the billets! which wer~ at St. Saviour's School, South Street, and prepare th.e ~:mgade hospital. The rest of the party, numbering sixtee~ non-commlsslO~ed officers and men under the medical officer commanding, Surg-eon-MaJor La wl(ss, ~th V.B. East Surrey Regt. and A.M. R., paraded at Wimbl~don In ~archlllg order at 7.45 p.m., and entrained with the headquarters companies of the 2nd V.B. East Surrey Regt., reacbing~Eastbourn.eat about I I p.m. P.t the station the Brigade-Surgeon, Surgeon~Lle.ut-Co~. Pocklll1gton, awaited the arr ival of the party and accompanIed It to billet~. Helethe men found most comf?rtable quart.ers and a.well cook~d meal m readl~e!s for them. But little time was lost III mountIng a hospital guard, suppmo' and turning in for the night. . . On Good Friday morning the detachment para~e~ for d.l'lll III the school yard, and afterwards for in spection and kit 1l1 SpeC~lOn by th,e Brigade Surgeon. In the afternoon there was a co~mandmg officer.s parade and stretcher drill in South FIelds, after whtch the men wele

May, 1896.J

FIRST

given leave for the rest of the day. On Saturday morning ear~y the detachment paraded with two ambulance wagons and two water carts for field manceuvres with the brigade-half the detachment with one wagon and cart under the command of Surgeon Major Batema n, 3rd V. B. East Surrey Regt., joining the attacking force of Col. Bailey for fi eld hospital duty. The remainder, under Surgeon-:\1ajor L a wless , forming a collecting and dressing station in rear of the defenders (Col. Bevington). Some practical and instructive work was carried out, the collecting and dressing station parties advancing or retiring with the corps troops to which they were attached, the country over \~. hich tbe operations were carried out affording in places suitably sheltered situations for the establishment of a field hospital out of th e line of fire. The actual casualties during the day were trifling, the most serious being an incised wound of the hand, and a gunpowder burn of the fac e a nd hand. The whole bearer company detachment were in quarters again and dismissed before 4 p.m., leave was given for the rest of th e day except to those mounting guard and on hospita l orderly duty. The brigade hospital was prepared for the reception of eig ht cases, or on emergency ten, being in prop ortion of two beds per one thomand of the brigade strength und er arms. Any case requiring special accommoda tio n and nursing, would be sent in by either of the eight battalions billeted in the tow n. The thanks of the brigade-surgeon and of th e office r commanding the company are gratefully tendered to Can on Whelpton of St. Saviour's for placing his school at t heir disposal for a hosp ital, as the building in situati on, structure, and internal accommodatian was admiral:;ly suited to the purposP. On Easter Sunday morning the deta chm ent paraded in church parade order and were marched to All Souls' Church by the commandin g officer, to which church also marched the Sussex Engineers, and the 2nd V.B. 'The Queen's' Royal West Suney Regt., and had scarcely returned to quarters, when the guard turned out to receive the General commanc..liog, making a surprise visit of inspection. General Lord Belhaven, ac:companied by Lady Belhaven, the H on . A. C. Hamilton, Brigade urgeon-Lieut.·Col. Pocklington, Brigade i\Iajor W. A. Scott, and the wh ole of the Brigade Staff came to the school im mediately after church parade at St. Saviour's, and entering the building made a close inspection of the men's quarters, each orderly parading at the Ioot of hi s bec..l, of the orderly room and bospital, of the men's mess room, and of the yard in which was the field kitchen in charge of the cook preparing- the detachment dinner. Expressing himself as satisfied with tbe cleanliness and ventilation of the billets, with the hospital accommodation for the reception of the sick, and with the cook ing department, L ord Belha\'en then inspected the men who were dra"'n up at open order in South Street, and, after making a few kindly criticisms, said that he was well pleased with the work the detachment had done, and hoped that by the next Easter training the company would be recruited to its filII strength. After dinner, lea\'e was granted to rhe men for the rest of tbe day. At a \'ery early hour on Easter Monday the detachment turned out in field-day order, one balf with wagon and equipment marching to Friston for service with the attack, the remainder to the rend ezvous at Polegate for duty with the defenders, after a stiff day's work, joining in the march-past on the Golf Link s. Leaving a working party behind for the return of sto res, the detachmen t entrained for home between 5 and 6 p.m . l\Ju ch praise is du e to Captain and Quartermaster Hoe)" 2nd V.B . East Surrey Regt. , for the ab le manner in whi ch he catered for the men and for the excellence of the rati ons supplied. The hospi tal transport consistingof two l\Jark 11 II ambulance wagons and two water carts, was furl11shed from the South Eastern District Depot, Dover, the equipment of stretchers, medical compa nion s, field havresacs, &c., htlonging to the company itself. The Surrey Brigade Beare r Company is a unit of recent origin, the san ction for its formati on dating scarcely twelve months back. It numbers at present 2 officers and 32 men. It is desired to increase this establishment to one of..(. officers and go men, and the officer commandinO' hopes also to organise in connection with it a section of gentlemen wh~ are members of the St. John Ambulance Association, to be known as the cadet detachment. To all inte re sted in first aid an appeal is made to help on the good work of the company either by enrolling as recruits, or as cadets. The movement has the hearty goodwill of Mr. J ohn Fudey, and it is hoped to secure that of the Brigade Chief Superintendent of the St. John Ambulan ce Brigade, himself lately an enthusiastic redcross volunteer. Gentlemen living in the Metropolitan district will have the option of joining either of the detachments forming- at the following corps headquarters, viz.: Jrd V.B. R oyal I,Vest Surrey Regl., Bermondsey, 4th V.B. RoyallVest Surrey Regt., Tew Street, KenninO'ton Park, 1st Surrey Rifles, Flodden Road, Ca mberwell, 4th V.B. EastS~~Tey Regt., 71, Upper Kennington Lane, and 27, St. John's Hill, Clapham Junction, and 2nd V.B. East Surrey Regt., Drill Hall, Wim bledon. Term s of en listmen t and full information may be obtained on application to Sergl.-Major Keable, S.B.B.C. Drill Hall, Wimbledon' Staff-Sergt. Corsbie, 27, St. John's Hill, S.W.; and to the officer coU:manding the company, Surgeon ·Major Lawless, 4th V.B. East Surrey Regt. and A.M.R., orderly room, 27, St, John's Ilill, Clapham Junction, S.W.

AID. ~t.

jjoI)ll :ctmuulanre gS50(tatioll.

MESSRS. W. H. SMITH & SO~'S AMBULANCE CLASS.-A course of five lectures have recently been given by Dr. Tom Taylor to a large num ber of employes of this well-known house, and we are very pleased to hea r that a member of the firm attended the whole course and examination. This was the first class held uuder the auspices of the Hospi tal Sa turda y Fund. The whole of the 3I candidates who presented themseh'es for examination were successful. The ceremony of distributing the certifi· cates, which was kindly undertaken by Lady Esther Smith, took place on i\1arch 3Ist, :VIr. R . B. D. Acland, Chairman of the Hospital Saturday Fund, presiding, and at the close of the proceedings this gentleman proposed a hearty vote of thanks to Lady Esther Smith, which was acknowledged by the H on. Y\,. F. n. Smith, :\LP., who expressed bis pleasure in being with them on such an occasion. I pSWICH.-Work is partially over for the season. On 27th and 28th March, Dr. l\lcNalty conducted examinations. Nearly all who were eligible were examined, and the percentage of passes was very good. There are still re-examinations, before the annual meeting in June, when there will be demonstrations and a distribution of certificates. I pSWICH NURSING COl~PS. The jast lecture of the season has just been given by Dr. Browne on "The blood in health and in c..lisease." The lecture was illustrated by lantern slides, and microscopes with various objects of interest were exhibited. The bandaging practices are never so well attended as the lectures, perhaps other Centres find the same thing. LE\v ISHAM.~A social meeting in connection with this Centre was held in the schoolroom, Lewisham " Tesleyan Church, on the e\'ening of Tuesday, 31st March. The first aid certificates were presented to the successful candidates by Dr. A. F. Kellett (the lecturer). During the evening the Rev. A. E. Gregory, in the name of the ladies of the class, presented Dr. Kellett with a handsome leather arm chair, as a mark oftheir appreciation of his kindness in ha \'ingdelivered the lectures. Songs were rendered by several of the ladies and by Dr. Kellett, and a most enjoyable e\'ening was spent by all. MAESTEG.-The ladie:> who were successful met at Brouygarn IIouse recently to receive their certificates, which were presented by District Councillor T. II. Jones. The class was instructed by Dr. W. II. Thomas, J.P .. and his assistant, Dr. Kirkuy. The examiner on this occas ion was Dr. 11 . Davies, r\eath. Following the distribution of certificates came another yery interesting ce remony. The ladies presented Dr. Kirkby with a magnificent dressing case. A few very appropriate remarks were delivered, highly commendatory to Dr. Kirk by for the great interest he had taken in the class, and the very amiable manner in which be had deli\'ertd his lectures. It is wOlthy of note th'll this is the second occasion during the present season that Dr. Kirk by has been given a presentation in connection with ambulance classes. Quite:t long poem appears inlthe Bridgend ChroJilcle, by "Young i\Iaestegian ," on the merits of the above class. POTTERIES CENTRE.-The Trentham class (lecturer Dr. H atton) was examined by Dr. Phillips on March 17th. Thirteen students were presented and a ll were successful. The Adderly Green and l\Iossfield class was also eX<lmined by Or. Phillips on March lOth. Fourteen students gained certificates and three were unsuccessful. Dr. E. \" hite Jones was the lecturer. Tbe Ecclesball classes underwent examination on the 26th '\1arch . Eleven women and ten men were successful. Two only were unable to satisfy the examiner. Dr. Dixon was the lecturer. S everal new classes are being arranged. - -- - :0:----

gmuulanu. GRE AT EASTERl RAILWAY CORPs.-In our issue of November last, under the heading" Brevities," these words occur. "But we observe the absence of any representatives from the Great Eastern Railway. H ow is this?" Th e writer was dealing with the i\Iassey<\Iainwaring Challenge Cup and had forgotten for the momen t the fact that the Great Eastern Railway Corps was not eligible as the competition is confined to the Metropolitan Corps. A wrong title was also given to the Bethnal Green Di\'ision of the G.E.R. Corps in the March issue. I t was by mistake placed llnder the heading ~[ elropolitan Corps . A MEETING of th e R ai lw ay Ambulance Corps was held in the Joint Stati ::m (t\ berdeen) waiting-room on 10th ult., for the purpose of appointing officers for ensuing season. There was a good attendance, and the following were appointed :-Superintendent, R. A. Duguid, stationmaster; 1st officer, D. ~I cr\ i co l, assist. stationmaster; 2nd officer, Ja s. Barrow Bux burn; inspe ctor of material, George Cooper, ticket inspector; secretary, Alexander Edward; assistant secretary, John Rothni e. Practice to commence on Friday, l\lay 1st, and to continue regularly once every three weeks. THE annual meetin g of the Caledonian Railway Ambulance Corps (Sterling sect ion) was held in the Ambulance Hall, Thistle Street, on Sunday afternoon, 12th April. l\lr. Thos. i\lacLaren, ca l>tain, in the chair. The balance sheet, whi ch showed a gooJ amount on the right side, was submitted, and una n im ously adopted. The election of the honorary and staff officers was then gone on with. The honorary office-bearers are as follows :-Honorary president, Irvine Kem pt, Esq.,

FIRST

O'eneral superintendent· "i ce-president, Col. Nightingale, Snowdo un H ouse' surO'eon Dr. R. Highet, A berercrom by Place; captai ns, 1\1 r. J. D. Lang,"Park H ouse; 1\11'. Alex . Kennedj> Polmadie; 1\Ir. Da.vid Frasier, Perth. The staff-officers are :-Captalll, Th os. M cLaren; Ylcecaptain, Willi am 1\latthe,,:s; I st lieutenant, C.harles S . Smyth; 2n d lieutenant Andrew Y. i\rartll1 ; treasurer, J Ohl1 Slme; :ec retary, Robert Christie. 'After some routine business had been dealt with , the meeting closed with a hearty "ote of thanks to the Chairman . CALEDOI'TA:-l RAILWAY A~IBULA;\,CE COH.PS, CARLIsLE.-On Saturday l1i ght, 18th ult., a number of the memr.el:s of this corps .met at the Viaduct Temperance Hotel. where they wereJomed by Dr Ledlard (the lecturer), 1\h. Mather (president of the corps), 1\1r. Forsyth (yicepresident), and l\Ir. .1no. Campbell (engineers' derart~1ent), and partook of a first-class light supper, after "hi ch l'Ir. ;'1 ather, 111 tbe name of the Corps, presented Dr. Lediard "it~ a handsome sih·er.pla.ted tra~', suitably inscribed, as a mark of their esteem, and applecJatJOn of. hiS yaluable senices durinO' the last course of lectures. Dr. Ledmrd accepted the testimonial,~nd replied in a yery appropriate manner, and said it would gi "e him great pleasure to again be their lecturer, when they should form another class. :.'III'. Forsyth then ~resented the medallions and certificates to the members present. 1 he follow111g members passed their second examination, and ha_ye gai.ned meda~ lions-yiz: Jno. Dickson, James Thompson, ,\ m. v\ hlte, Ben]. Johnson, Thomas :'kLellan, Jno. 'Yood, H enry Scott, Il'm. Johnston, "" m. Raphael, Robt. Horn, R obt. R outledge, J no. P. LO\l es, Thos. Gordon, Robert Bell, Thomas Tingey, Alex. Reid, IVm. Buwess Thomas Graham, and J no . ,"eyers. The following passed their fir~t examination and received certificates, viz :-James Adamson, GeorO'e Reid, 'I'm. Ralston, and 'I'm. Richardson. A "eryenjoyable e,'en~1g followed the presentations, and a hearty vote of thanks was accorded 1\lessrs. 1\lather and Forsyth. CHESTERFIELD.-On :\l onday, 13th April, the second competition in ambulance work was held in the Stephenson Mem orial IIall. The attendance was not so large as might have been desired, but tbose present took considerable interest in the work done. The Mayor (Mr. Councillor L ocke) presided. There were three events, tre atment of wounds and bleeding; treatment of injured and stretcher exercise for teams of lour; and treatment of fractures, and teams representing the following classes competed :-Renishaw, :'Iidl and Railway,Chesterfield, Gra ssmoor Colliery, Loco Department, Ha sland, ::\0. I; Eckington Colliery; Loco Department, Hasland, No.2; Sheepbridge 1\lidland; Midland Railway, Chesterfield; Ha sland L oco NO.3. Doctors W. S. Symes F . Oliphant, W. Robinson, junr., and J. H. Booth kindly consented'to act as judges. During tbe progress of the competiti on an orchestral band, under the direction of :.11'. H. N. Biggin, played selections. Owing to the excellence of the work done the proceedings were prolonged to a considerable extent, and the .prizes \"ere eventually awarded as follows :-Treatment of wGunds and bleeding : 1, Edward Godfrey; 2, T. Brailsford; 3, V. Sadler; 4, George Collis; 5, George Jackson . Treatment of injured, and stretcber exercise, for t eams of four: I , Grassmoor Colliery; 2, l\1idland Railway, Cbesterfield; 3, Midland Railway, Sheepbridge, Treatment of fractures: I, R. Outram; 2, G. IV. i'llarshall; 3, T, Mavin; 4, Edward Godfrey; 5, George Collis. TO small credit for the success so far as the competition is due to [\lr. Geo. Allcock, the hon. sec. Mr. H oward , chairman, and l'Ilr. G. H. Lodge, vice· chairman, have also done hard and earnest work in the matter. GRIMSBY.-The annual presentation of certificates and medallions of the successful students in the examination held in connection with the ra ilway classes took place at a soiree orga ni sed by the Grimsby Railll'aym en's Corps. l\Ir. W. II. IVoodward (chief in the postmaster's office), in the absence of Mr. T. M. IYi lliams (postmaster), occupied the chair. The presentation was made by M rs. Meddings to the following successful students : -l\Iedallions: 'Vm. Merritt, Charles Oliver, 'Vm. Stubbins. Second class certificates: Charles Maddison , Charles Brad stock, Jas. 'Vm. Osburn, J ohn Wm. Fletcher, John Wm. Hall , Ambrose Dickinson, junr., and 'I'm . Stowe. Pupils ha"ing passed first examinations: Frank Hopkins, Walter Boswell, and Th os. Sparks. The Rev. R. Medding (chaplain), spoke of the uselulness of first a id, and wished the corps every success, The chairman pointed out that since the commencement of the corps the men had dealt with no less than 70 cases of accidents of a serio us nature. The evening's entertainment consisted of a capital tea and entertainments by Professor Dent and concert party, followed by dancing. PLYMO UTH.-On Saturday, I8thApril, the members of the ambulance corps formed by tbe local employes of the L ondon and South -\Vestern Railway Company in connection with the St. J ohn Ambulance Association, who had passed in a recent examination, were presented with their certificates. Dr. A. Buchan, at whose hands the corps had undergone a course of training, was presented with a handsome cigarette case by the class. :'Il r. J.Avery, the chairman, said it wasexceedinglygratifying to find that not one of the mel1 \I·ho took part in the examination failed. and it reflected the greatest credit on Dr. Buchan , In sr ector V\'onh, of Friary Station, was presented by his fellow-servants II ith a valu rible case of silver mounted pipes. He said it was a gleat pleasure to find that his efforts in connection with the class had been appreciated . It

AID.

Ll\lay, 1896.

FIRST AID •

was also pleasing to find such amicable rclationship existing amongst the Company's sen'ants at that station . 1\11'. Artbur Mills, director, presented the certificates, and Mr. G. F. Vallance, district superi nten dent , was also present. T\\,EEDMO uTH.- On IV ednesday evening, 8th ult., the certificates granted by the ambubnce class of railway men employed at Tweedmouth Station were presented in tne National School, Tw eedrnoutb, before a numerous audience. Two represen tati\'es attended from Te\\'castle- 1'1r. T. 'V. Smith, Secretary of the N.E.R. Centre, and l'IIr. J. T. Bates, Secretary of the KE. R. District Council. Capttin Norman, R . T., J.P., presided, and in the co urse of his speech dwelt on the importance of every person acquiring a knowledge of ambulan ce \\'ork, as experience showed us that in private as '\ell as in puhlic life, in shop, house , in factory, on sh ip-board, anJ by the railway, they lI ere unable to secure immnnity from disa~ter, or to pre,·ent very often long suffering and luss of life and limb . " 'hen danger came upon t.hem there \lere many people at hand who were quite ready and willing to render aid, but who, owing to the want of someone to take the lead, very often did more harm than good. Among the many impro,-emenls and developrnen ts in our modern and com plex Ii fe, there \I ere two standing out in bold relief as boons and blessings to men-nurSing associations and am bulance societies. The SL. John i\mbulance Association sought to impart a li ttle knowledge for the benefit of m~nkind in general, and the T"eedmou th N .E. R, !\m bulance Corps seem to utili se tha t purely for the benefit of offiCIals of that, on the whole, well managed line, and for the tra\'elling public at large. The l\layor, in rising to present the cer tificates, expressed his pleasure at being present, and urged the members to perse\'ere in their 1101 k, and obtain the higher award . Tbe l\1 ayor then, on behalf of the class, presented the instructor, Dr. J . B. Mackay, with three " olum es of medical works. Dr. Mackay, in returning tbanks, stated that in all his experience of ambulance classes he had never had the pleasure of instn:cting a more enthusiastic body of men, and trusted they would not allow their knowledge to drop, but would attend regularly a t the monthly practices held by the Corps. The Secreta.ry (Mr. H. Barnett) was also presented \lith a handsome morocco travellin O' \lritin g-case, in recognition of his untiring senices during the course"'of the classes. Mr. Barnett having- suitably replied, and thanked the members, a very successful meeting was brought to a close by a short demonstration of am bulance wcrk by the studen ts, and the usual Yote of thanks.

No. 24,-VOL. IT.

'VE have received a copy of "The St. John Ambulance Brigade March," composed by i\1 r. George H. Hucke. I t is dedicated to Viscount Knutsford, and its title page is very effective, being embellished with the Brigade Badge, an illustration of Sl. John's Gate, and other emblems of the work. \Ve must congratulate the composer, who, by the way, under another name, i~ a very popular member of the l\letropolitan Corps, on the spirited music he has written-it is full of melody and effect, and it will not be long before we shall hear the members h:.l1nming the mal ch as they go abou L. l'lr. 11 uckc deserves the th a nks of the Brigade, and we trust they will best show this by purchasing copies. It will be on sale at the offices of thi::> paper. All ambulance homes should be pro·vided with a copy.

£100 FREE INSURANCE AGAINST ACCIDENTS

£1 0D

Signatu l't .................................................... ...... .. ........................................................... Address ........................ ................................................................................................. . This Insurance is limited to one Coupon to each holde.r, and is not invalidated by any In surance with this or any other Acc~d~nt ,Com1?any. lt is subject to the ordinary conditi~ns. of the Assocmtlon s Acclden.t Policies and is in force from mJd!1lght, 1st May, 1896, unlll midnight, 1st June, 1896.

Prmted for the Propnetors by W. J. GOODE, 88, Clerkenwell Hoad , and publiBheu by ALAN .l:'AL~ F.R aDd (0.,11, Ludgate Rill. E.C.

DEVOTED TO AMBULANCE -WORK.

[Entel'ed:zt Stationers' Hal!.]

JUNE, 1896.

Bnnual <tol1tpetftion of the (Dreat lEastern. 1Railwa~ <torps,

- - - :0 : - - - -

Will be paid to the Representatives of the purchaser of FIRST AI.p in case of death as provided below, by The Sickness and Accldent Assurance Association, Ltd. IIead Office :-2+, YORK PLACE, EDINBURGH . London Office :-6+, MOORGATE STREET, LONDON , E.C. To whom notice of Claims under the following con ditions must be sent WITHIN THREE DAYS. Applicable to Passenger Trains in Great Britain & Ireland. ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by tae above Insurance Company to the Legal representatives of any person killed by an accident to the train in which the deceased was an ordinary passenger, or who shall have been fatally injured thereby, should death result within 24 hours after such accident. Provided tha t at the time of such accident the person so killed or fatally injured was the owner of FIRST AID for the current month, containing thi s Coupon legibly signed with. his or her usua l signature in ink or pencil, both time and signature being of the essence of the contract.

JOURNAL

ST. JOlIN A;\IBUL\NCE BRIG.\DE. THE final stage of the Annual Amhulance Competition for the Challellge CLIP and prizes offered by the Directors of the Company took place at the Town Hall, Stratford, on Saturday, :'Iray 16th, in the presenre of a large assembly. The :'I1ayor of 'Vest Ham (,\Iderman W. Crow) occupied th;} chair during the early part of ,he competition, being subsequently relie\'ed by Lord Claud Hamilton (chairman of the directors), who was supported by Capt. Lord Charles Beresford, R.i\'., C.B., the Ven. Archdeacon Stevens, :'1..\. , the Commisoioner (Col. E. T. Thackeray, C. H., V.C., R. E.), M r. J. F. II. Read, General Stracey, (Scots Guards), Mr. Herbert Praed, :'1r. IVillia m Birt, Dr. T. Wingrave Dr. Dickinson, :'lr. Alan Palmer, First Aid, several l\'ursing Sisters, including Lady Superintendent Church Brasier, !\Irs. J. C. Lines, a nd many others. ,\lthough detached ambulance classes had been held previous to 18 9 1 at se"era l stations, it was in that year that the classes were organised by the company at most of the principal stations, and shortly afterwards the corps formed. It now consists of 26 divisipns with an aggregate membership of R.J.o ofhcers and men from all ranks and departments of the serv ice. During the 12 months ending Kovember, 1895, upwards o[ 900 rases were reported in which first aid had been rendered. During the same period 353 men presented themselves for examination, and 33 2 of them satisfied the exam in ers; of these 15+ passed for the first time, 129 for the second, and +9 for the 3rd, or final, re-examination. The competition on Saturday was between teams of fil'e men, who were judged on their proficienry as a stlelcher party and also on the individual efficiency of the fiye men in artificial respiration, handaginO', &c. This year 20 teams entered, and the final was between the fi~e di\'isions ,,·ho 1I'0n the sectional competition, viz.: Bethnal Grce n, Cam bridge, Colchester, Lowestoft, and StratfOi d. The highest num bel' of marks scored by any team in the sectional competition was 200 out of a possible 280, or about 71 per cent., and the average number was 1 55 , or ahout SS per cent. Th e judges \1 ere : Deputy Commissioner C. E J\liln es JIey, i\L\., l\1.R.C.S., lIon. Surgeon H eaton C. Howard, l\l.R.C's., Metropolitan Corps, and Brigade Chief Superintendent 'V. J. Church Brasier. Th LY expressed themseh'es well satisfied with all that was done, and said it was a decided improvement on past years. The OLder and names of the com petitors were :-Cam briliO'e di\'ision: :'[essrs. J. Tyler, W. Mansfieid, E. G. "-ire, W. We::>tle}T, and H. Pamplin. Colchester dil'ision: :'I1 essrs. W. D. Green, J. Jackman, A. Grimwood, E. ,\. Boyden, and C. Gl'Oves. Lowestoft division: l\I essrs. \\'. J. Boyce, W. Lot, C. Scarll, E. Dains, and J. Allthorpe. Stratford division: i'llessrs. II . Slack, 'V. Fox, II'. Raney, G. T. Atkins a nd S. Bates . Bethnal Green division: l\Iessrs. A. Atkins, E . " 'allis: G. Rainbild, J. ll. Kett, and S. Knight. . The result of the cOl1llJetitions were as follows :_ 1. Bethnal Green [75 marks. 2. Lowestoft 172" 3. Cambridge 168 " 4· Stratford I S9 " 5· Colchester 1+7 II and the prize for the best individual work was won by 1\lr. C. Scalll, No. 3 in the Lowcstoft team. Lord Charles Beresford haying presented tbe prizes, Lord Claud Hamilton in thanking the Mayor for attending, sa id they were honoured on that occasion by the presence of a galla nt nob leman, one of his early friends-Lord Charles Beresford-(cheers)-who had kindly distributed the prizes. He congratulated the men of the Great Eastern Railway l\mbulance Corps upon their continued and in creased efjiciency. ll e noticed that the numbers were about the same as last year, but t hat did not matter much as long as the efficiency increased, and when that efficiency was even higher than at the present time it would be time enough to look for additional members. He \las sure t he spirit which had animated the mo,'ement in the past would be maintained in the future, and it was a great pleasure, speak in g on beha lf of tbe directors to feel that they were able to give some slight help in the exce ll e n~ work they bad undertaken. (Cheers). L ord Ch"lI'les Beresford said it was impossible to o ,'eJ-estimate the O'ood tha t an ambulance society sllch as this accomplished . To an ~fficer of the se rvi ce like himself it appealed because he knew that when accidents occurred-which wa s very often-it was upon the first aid

PRICE ONE PENNY.

and the way that was rendered that the life of the man .often depend~d . (Ilear, hear.) Th is equally appli~d to tbe ~'reat ra~lway compal1J~s such as that over which the chairman preSIded. {\ot only was It necessary that aid should be given quickly and well, but that the mem bers should know what they were about when they went to assist anyone who ,\'as severely hurt. (Hear, hear.) In all such communities as this it was a pleasant thing to see the p~ople of different situations ~n life II'orkinO' together. So long as the directors, and tbose who were 111 high positi~ns or positi()J1s of authority, worked with their men, there was a fine healthy feeling throughout the whole sen'ice, and there was no doubt it was for the benefit of the service, and the benefit of the country . (Applause.) It also bred forgetfulness of self, and good feelinO' and humanity for those who were in distress. (Applause.) It als~ produced that readiness of resource which those who were in the service so often saw, and without which life would be lost. He would not like to conclude without paying a tribute of praise to the great profession which helped these societies-he meant the medic.,1 profession. Of all vhe O'reat professions there was hardly one to which they owed so much ~s they did to the medical profession; they were always willinG' to do their best to help those in distress or in pain; and they owed ~ great debt of gratitude to them for it. (Cheers.) Col. Thackeray proposed a Yote of thanks to the judges, and 1\1 r. " '. Birt (General i\lanager) in seconding, said the success which the Great Eastern Railway Corps had met with \\'as largely due to the O'entlemen wh ose names were included in the motion. Th ey had ~Iways given their sen'ices gratuitously and had rendered them help in a manner that deserved the warmest praise. (Cheers.) The motion was carried unanimously. Dr. i\lilnesHey, who returned thanks, said it was a great pleasure to judge these competitions. He did not disgu.ise th.c. f?-ct that it had been very difficult work, because the competmg dll'lSlOns had b~en getting exreedingly good at ambulance work. It was not the first ~Ime they had judged the competitions, an~ some of the competitors appeared to have been before them prevIOusly; at any rate, some of them knew the likes and dislikes of the judges, and if tbey had not competed l:efore, these little things had been pointed out to them. (Laughter.) A great number of in valids passed oyer tbe Great Eastern line and it must be a source of great comfort to them to know that thel:e were men \\'howere skilled in transferring them from train to ship or ship to train. In the great sheds and \\'orkshops, too, there must be a considerable feelinO' of confidence in the fact that there were men who were capable of dealing with injuries, and of rendering first aid when the necessity arose. (Cheers.) 1'1r. A. J. Hill (the Hon. Secretary) also replied Oll behalf of tbe corps' officers. He said there were times when the work was ,'ery much upbill, but, as they kne\\', the chairman and the dIrectors and chief officers of the company were so kmd and liberal, ami always ready to SUppOi t them in el'elY way, tbey felt the difficulties pass a.way. lIe thanked them on beha lf of about lOO officers who were tak1l1g up the work in the company, (Cheers.) The \ ' en . Archdeacon Ste\'ens mO\'ed a Yote of thanks to Lord Ch<U>les Beresford and said they were yery much indebted to him for coming and gi\'ing them the benefit of his experience of ambulance work. (A pplause.) Mr. J. F. H. Read seconded the motion. Lord Charles Beresford ha ving replied, The :'Ilayor proposed a yote of thanks to the Chairman and the directors of the G. E. R., which was seconded by Dr. T. 'Ving raye. Lord Claud Hamilton ha"ing replied: the proceedings terminated. At intervals during the afternoon the G. E.R. "" orks band played selections under the direction of Mr. W. J. Lan caster.

----:0::----THE Members and Associates of the Order of the IIospital of St. John of Jerusalem will, as usual, celebra.te the r~nn ual. Festi\'al of tl:e Order on the 24th in stant. Commcmoratlon ser\'lces will take place 111 St. fohn's Church Clerkenwell in the morning. This Church isa most int~resting relic l~Ot only of old London but of th~ Order itself, its Crypt containillgthe 1\orman Chapell used by.the Knights when tbey first came to Clerkenwell. The Crypt has Just been cleared of 325 coffins, and some interesting disco\'eries ha"e been made. St. John's Church is close Lo the celebrated Gateway of that name, and any firstaider yisitinO' the i\!etropolis should cer tainly try and see the same. Noll' that th~ freshness of the restcration has worn off, St. John's Gate presents a picture not often seen. It is indeed an imposing edifice and stan ds in stately dignity in this crowded alea of th e :'IleLropolis.

FIRS'r

$t. john Bnlbulanc~ :f13riga"e. AJ. NUAL CA~IP OF INSTRUCTIO~ AT LlL FO RD PARK, NORTHA~I PTONSHIRE. THE annual encampment of the S t. J oh n Ambu lance Brigade was open ed on Saturday, fllay 21st, in Lilford Park, the picluresque demesne of the Right lI on. Lord Lilford, and was continued until the followin g Saturday. This was the first occasion the Brigade Camp had been held in such a central position, and his lordsbip's permission to hold the encampment in such a picturesque locality is very greatly appreciated. The first four encampments were held at flluswell Hill, and in 189+ and 1895 the Brigade went under cam'as at \V estgate. The members of the different Corps in Northamptonshire, of ~ourse, turned out in strong force, but the influx of members was not so great fro m other places. The officers and men asse mhled at Thorpe Sl"ltioll, which is about two and a half miles from the Park, and the whole COlltingent, including officers and men, numbered IIO. T he officers in attendance were: Chief Superintendent T. H. \\'oo lston, wh o "'as appointed Camp Commandantfor the week ,Superintendent T. H. Hilton, Supe~inte~dent Cuth~ert :\'i cholson (Wellingborough ), Superintendent II Iggllls,F lrst Officer Groome ( [J igham Ferrers),Ch ief Surge on Milburn (of th~ Hull Corps), Chief Superintendent T renery (Kette r ing), Chief Superll1tendent Perry, Superintendent R eeves (Northampton ), Superin tenden t Hea tb cote and Second Officer Buckley (Winsford), Chief Superintendent Copeland, Super intendent Boardman, Second Officer H ancock (Potteries), and Superintendent Pontin (of tbe :'.l etropolitan Cyclist Di\'ision) . Chief Superintendent \V. H. :'.Torcran (~l~tropolitan Corps) , who had been in charge of the fatigue party ~' as obhged to return to Lond on for the Ba nk H oliday duties. The men fell in, and a t the word of command marched to the lawn in front of Lilford H all. They were met by Lady Lilford, who welcomed them to the Camp. In a neat little speech her Ladysh ip expressed the h ope that both officers and men would derive some benefit [rom the week's stay. She ~hen declared the Camp open, and before the Brigade dispersed Nursmg SIsters Trenery and \ Vhitney, on behalf of the officers of the Corps, presented Lady Lilford with a beautiful bouquet, which her L adyshIp had much pleasure in accepting . During the week a fatigue party had been down from L ondon and had arrancred the Camp in the Deer .Park, the tents, bedd ing, ki t, cooking appara?us, &c., being kindly supph ed by the \Var Office. The tents, numbering 37, and including two large ones [or the officers and Sergeants' ;\less, were pitched in a compact sq~are, or almost so. A hospital tent, stores tent, orderly tent, and guards t ent, were also provided. After the officers and men had arranged their various quarters, " tea" was the general order. After tea t ht; men \~' ere free for the eV~Ding and they took an early opportunity of II1spect'ng the Camp and Immediate surroundings . The Camp wa s Qua~termastered by Sup:rintendent Trimmer, assisted by Asst. Supt. S. B. P Iers, of ~he :\[etropolItan Corps, and these officers had entire charge of the co01ong- arrangements and the commissariat department was pron~un ced by a ll to be under excellent management. On Sunday morn!ng the bugle sounded at 5.30 and the Camp was soon ali\'e, and t~en It. was th~t the m~~ found tbemselves encamped on a charm ing SIte, [nnged With beautltul trees. The position from a health point of view was ad mira~le and facing the Cam p a broad ex panse of level ground was ready for dnll purpo ses. After breakfast preparations were made for the Chur~h Parade. At ten o'clock the Brigade marched to Thorpe A church ParI sh Church and attended Divine service. The sermon was preache.d by t~e Re~. ~. E. \i\T eston, rector. On Sunday afternoon L~rd. L Ilford k~ndly .mvI ted the whole of the Brigade to go through the avmnes, fo r whl ch, Ldford Park is so famous. Th ey were conducted by :\lr. Cosgrave, the manager, who during the week was untiring i'1....his efforts t? please a ll who came in contact with him . On fI[onday the real busmess commenced-the first parade was at 7 a.m., chief officers parade at : 0.45 a.m., and an afternoon parade before Lord Lilford . H I~ Lordshl p afte~wards partook of a cup of tea with a few of the officers. ChIef Surgeon MIlburn, who had been appointed in medical charge of the Camp, lectured on "Arterial Bleedincr" in Lilford Schoolroom on Tue~day morning. About one o'clock th~ Camp Commandant, with a cyclI st escort, Jo urn eyed to Thorpe to meet the Commissioner (Col. E. T. T h~c~eray,. C . H., V.C., R.E.). The Brigade paraded before the CommISSIoner In the afternoon. Th e fire alarm ·\,as sounded after lights out ancl the m en turned out very promptly. Mr. E. P. Monckton, M. P., visited the Camp during the day. . The arnvals on Tuesday included Chief Superintendent W. H . :\lorgan (:\fetropolitan Corps) who had returned, ;\if. Alan Palmer, of FfRST AID, and an old friend of camp life Mr. J . G. Bryclone. ~Veclnesday was the great day in camp, and large numbers oh-isitors arm'ed from ~ll parts. A ~eam from Ki ng's Cross (Metropolitan Corps) u n~e.r Supennte~dent ~alllter came into Camp to enter for the competltl<?ns. The 1I1spectlOn .by the Commissioner took place in the afternoon m front of the hall 111 the presence of L ord and Lady Lilford, the IIon-,John Powys, 1rs . .Stopf?rd- Sack\,ille, and many others. Great 1I1terest was taken 111 a dI splay given by the Cycli sts. At t he clost; o.f the in spection the men were drawn up and addressed by the CommiSSIOner, who concluded by moving a vote of thanks to

[June, 1896

AID.

L ord and Lady Lilford for their kindness in allow ing them to camp in sllch a lovely spot. Lord Lilford replying on behalf of Lady Lilford and h imself, said, " It had given them t he greatest pl easure to see the ambulan ce men there. They h o ped it wou ld be one of many such enca.mpments. 1t was his earnest desire-and he was sure he could say tb e same for Lady Lilford-to do all they could to encourage such an Association ." His lordship concl ud e:! by stating," the behaviour of the Brigade during the encampment left no t hing to be desired, and he could assure them that they were heartil V wdcome. Il e was proud to have made the acquaintance of their Commissioner, and he would be glad to see the Brigade there again." IIi s lord ship's remarks were received wi th loud cheers. Shortly afterwards Lady Lilford presented medalli ons to several members of the \Vellingborou g h Corps. Va ri ous competitions were then contested in cluding Stretcher Detachment Competition, Single i\lan Carrying Competition, Turn-Out Competiti on for the smartest detachment on the ground. Th e principal feature of these proceedings wa s the Symons Eccles Cup Competition, and for this the King' s Cross and \\'ellin o-borough teams were equal, hut the matter was referred to TT ead -quarters on a technical point. the judges being Chief Surgeons ~[il burn (1II:Il) ,\ udland ( \\' ellin~ borough), and Jones (:\ortlumpton). The follol\ing doctors were also present, Dr. Clark (Wellinghorough), Dr Clew (lIigham Ferrer,,), lk Allison (Kettering), and Dr. i\Jackenzi e (Raunds). On Thursday morning the sports we re hdd which inclu ded the following events: 100 yards heavy marching order with sloped stretcher, quarter-mile fht race , cycle race and tug-of-war. On Friday, Captain Sir Alfred Jephson, R.N., Secretary Generalof the Order of St. John, arri\'ed at Thorpe station, where he was met by the Camp Commandant, and an escort of cyclists . The gallant officer was driven to Lilford Hall, and after lunch he inspected the brigade and camp, and presented the various prizes \\ hich had been \\on. In addressing tbe men afterwards he expressed him self as \'ery pleased indeed with all he had seen, and regretted his inability to \'isit the camp earlier in the week . Prizes for the best kept tents were given by Chief Surgeon ~[iJl burn (Hull) and Surgeon Allison (Kettering). 'urprise visits were paid during the week, and marks booked according to their cleanliness. The result was the tent of the W ellingborough sergeants tied with one of the tents of the "'ell ing borough men, but it was e\'entually decided to grant the first prize to the men, and the second to the sergeants, as the privates had m ore work to do in cleaning up the things which they h;!d used for their meals. Concerts were organised each e\'ening in Lilford schoolroom, the chief organizer of same being !Ill'. A. R . .\lills, of i\orthampton, \\bo, \\ idl his camera and banjo, was ever busy. He was really the Camp jester, and in ambulance ci rcles his /lOll! de plume" the P rofessor" willlongstick to him. Cyclist Evans with his mandoline, Superintendent Ree\'e~, Sergeant V ilven, Private Millwood, Chief Superintendent Perry, and the village schoolmaster were amongst the principal artistes. The schoolroom was crowded each evening. First - class Staff Sergeant H. Rix on (\Velling-borough) acted as Brigade Sergeant-Major, and was president of the sergeants' mess. l\1'u ch amusement was created in camp by the pel formances of the " Camp Elephant" and his ke~per which was arranged in this mess. The Camp was struck on Saturday, and all returned homeward in a very scorched condition. Everyone was loud in praise of the Camp Commandant (Chief Superintendent T. H. \V oo lsto n), who had worked hard the whole week, and whose cheery presence was ever vis ible. II e and all were very sorry tbe commandant of all the previous Camps was absent. - - - - :0: - - -

<Branb 3nternational jfire '[Oll rnanlent. We have much pleasure in calling the attention of our readers to the forth com ino- Fire Brigades' Tournament which takes place at the Royal Agricultur<~l Hall, commencing June 19th, and terminating June 27th. An interesting programme has been arranged by the ~ational Fire Brigades Union, and the fa ct that the Tournament will be attended by deputations of firemen from all parts of th e world wi ll , we are sure, ensure for it that success which it ~ o justly deserves, more especially when it is borne in mind that the proceeds will be devoted toso excellent a cause as the \ Vidows and Orphans' Fund of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade. The displays which will take place afternoon and evening, will be taken part in by Fire men, members of the Sah'age Corps, and the St. John Am b ulan ce Brigade, as well as by contingents of Foreign a nd Colonial Firemen . The Committee have, we know, done all in their power to command success and we sincerely trust that they may achieve it. ----:0:---KES\\,ICK.-The Keswi ck Division of the St. John AmbulanceBrigade are raisin o- funds for the purpo se of purchas in g an Ashford Litter. Mr. J. vVardle ha s been elected second officer. During the fT!,o n th several accidents have been treated.

FIRST

June, 1896.J t}.Otf5 By" TOURNIQUET."

My secondcompetitionisnow over, and I ha,'e to congratulate Private ll. lla rtrup on his success. Altbough the Editor considers that the " 'inning paper cannot be published, still the gentleman who has gi \'en the best answer deserves every praise, for, of cou rse, it must be understood that only a first-class ans wer could be printed in these columns. The three gentlemen who are named will ha\'e a small book on amh ulance work sent to them.

" *

1\1 R. WAR DLE has kindly consented to gi ve the first prize, and I again thank him for his kindness.

" "*

THE weath er is too h ot, and the Summer is com ing on, so we will lea ve competi tions a lone [or the presen t.

* "

l\IR. ALFRED J. HfLL, tbe energetic Superintendent Secretary of the Great Eastern Rail way Corps of the SL John _-\mbulance Brigade, desen'es great praise for the manner in which he organized the large meeting at StratforJ Town Ball on Saturday, ]\fay 16th.

* *

* TIlE occasion was the final Competitions for the Challenge Cup and other prizes. The judges, Deputy Commissioner l\1ilnes lI ey, rIon. Surgeon} J. C. H oward, and Brigade Chief Superintendent W. J. C h urc h Brasier worked hard and did not disguise the fact that it was a difficult task, the teams being 50 well up in their \I·ork.

AID.

CHIEf<' SIJPEIUNTENDENT W. H. MORGAN, Superintendent A. Trimmer (Camp Quartermaster), Asst. Supt. S. B. Piers (Asst. Quartermaster), all of the M etropolita n Corps, resided in the Staff tent. An invitati on thither was no matter of regret.

* *

BRAVO I Chief Surgeon :'.filburn. Hull must be proud of this gentleman. He was one of the great centres of attraction in the Camp, and h ld a happy smile for one and alL

" *

N U l{SI:-IG SISTER:; \VHIT:-<EY and*TRENERY held an enticing little teaparty each afternoon, and this. let me assure your readers, was a most pleasing item in the day's programme. The cluster of members of the medical profession on \Nednesday afternoon at the tea tent imbibing tbe liq uid of delicate flavour and aroma testified to the fact that no indigestion was likely to follow.

'" *

* m p, and their len t was the musical THE Cyclists made a bold show inCa payilion. The strains of the mandoline and banjo and chorus singing being heard constantly when off parade.

* .. *

"TIfE Professor" took the chair a t the Concerts gi\'en each evening in Lilford Schoolroom, and in this capacity he created great mirth. The tenants and yillagers, who mustered in force, haye ne\'er had such a week's amusement.

*",,* THE Camp" Elephant" and" Camel" produced much laughter. e\'en his Lordship of Lilford was entertained by t hese" animals" and their attendant, and the coffers of some fund were enlarged.

* *

" *

* pickled by inhabiting the tent of A FRESSMAN in Camp nearly got \Yin sford and its worthy officers. They are, indeed, good fellows.

* "

'" by :'.1 r. Arthurs, of:\ orthampton, I HEAR a silver cup is to be presented for com peti tion by the Corps and D i \'isions of the St. J oh n Am bulance Brigade in :--I ortham ptonshire.

THE Competitions were a great success, mOTC especially so as the competitors had the proud pri,ilege of ha\' ing the prizes presented to them by Lord Charles Beresford, the \\ell-known fighting sailor.

HIS Lordship delighted all by his presence and the manner ln which he banded the prizes to the winners. [Ie shook each competitor warmly by the hand, and spoke "ords of encouragement.

" *

I BELIEVE tbe score of the two *top teams was very close, and that there was \ery little to choose bet"'een them. Xomich Thorpe, the winner of last year, was knocked out by Lowestoft in the first round. "'as it m'er confidence?

* "

I ])0 not think that the likenesse: of tbe judges in the Dmh GraphiC were particularly guod. Thoseof f3rigade ChiefS~perintenu;nt Brasier and Dr. Hey were passable, but tba~ of Dr. Howard \\'as unrecocrnisable. Still, one is ver)' glad to see th;!t that paper takes sufficient inter~st in the work to gi\'e a picture at all, and ",eought to be very thankful for what has been done.

" *

* e\'ery team. ,\ CAl'lT!.L compet iti on-prizes for * *

A VALUABLE friend of first aid *~\'ork in East London was on the platform at the meeting, the \ Ten . Alchdeacon Stevens. He wears his . medallion with great pride.

* *

"' St. John Ambulance Brigade has UXCE more the ,\nn ual Camp of the come and gone. General regret was eVlllced at the absence of the Brig:tde Chief \\ho has so thoroughly \r on the hearts of Lond on and the Pro\' in ces.

>\<

>\< >I<

THE i\1 ET ROPOUT AN CORPS of the S.] .A .B. will parade for inspection by the members and associates of the Order of St. John on the 2+th inst. I expect the corps will present a fine appearance with a bold show of cyclists in front.

'" *

" (:\letropolitan Corps) has given CHfEF SL'RGEOX S.UIUEL USBORN a course of lectures to rhe employes of the Constitutional Club, and I understand Sir Charles IIamilLOn, Bart .. will present the certificates gained after examina.ion. I hope this may bean incenti ve for other clubs, especially residential ones, to do the same. .. *

THE following is curious. At an* examination in the provinces the following answer was gh'en to an examiner as to arresting bleeding in the armpit : " Put your linger behind the breastbone, and you will compress the brachial artery against the fifth rib."

* *

I THI:\,K that after the patient had undergone the neces~ary surgical operation in order to get behind the breastbone, you would not ha\'e to worry about the bleeding in the al mpit. I wonder \\hy the fifth rib waS selected, the thirteenth would have done just as well.

---:0: H

jfirst Bib" \tolnpetition 1110. 2.

CHIEF SCPERfNTENDDIT 1'. II .\\TOOLSTO)/ (\Vel.lingborough Corps) was Cam p Commandant and earned out the responSible duties entrusted to his care in a manner reflecting the greatest credit. He is a fine horsem an, and the way in which he man ceu \Ted his mount when on parade attracted much attention.

NOTE BY Enrrol{. I have looked o\'er the papers sent in this competition, and aw.lru t!1~ first prize to i\l r. E. J. Taylor of +3, Court II ill Rd., Lewisham, rlnd mention the following three for special prizes : - Pri vate Henry II artrup of ~o. 2 Di\·ision. Metropolitan Corps, St. John Ambulance Brigade; :'.[1'. II. A. Slack of G. E. R y., Stratford, and .\[ ; . \V. J. Greenfield, of Parkeston. Although the answers recei \'ed al e prett), good, yet [ do not think that tbe winning one is of sufficient merit to warrant my publish ingit in this Journal. There did not seem to be as mu ch inte rest trlken in this competition as in the previous one - perh;!p; the question was somewhat compl icated, and many of our readers would not try to answer it.

T HE Com~1issioner (Colonel E .. T.* Thackeray, C .B ,V.C.) was sta ying With Lord LIlford and was often 111 Camp. The crallant officer took a lively intere st in all tb at was going on, and made a keen in spectio n of the Brigade and kit generally.

[We do 1I0t necessarily identify Oltl'sell'es with tile OPi 'I:O'IS hell by O!Jr corres/JolUlmts ami c:Dlltnblttors.l

* *

. THE Ca.m~ was held t~is year ill *Lilfor~ Park, l'\olthampLOnshire, by kind permiSSIOn of the Right ll on. LOid '~dford. A more beautiful spot could not be chosen and with s uch splend id weather proved from all points a great success.

'" ..

.. "

. sure that all \\'ho hav e*attended Camp ha\'e returned home I AM qUite better in drill, ambu lance work and health. * *

Lo:\'no:\' and the Provi~1ce~ tied *for the Symons Eccles Cup, which was competed lor at the Camp: The teams who ti ed were the Kin er's Cross, G . .\'.R., and the \ Vellingborough . 1 understand the matter h.lS been referred to Head-Qu arters on a technical poi nt. The decisio n ~\ ill be loolu:d fOI with great interest.

--------:0:--------~O l' rfSP 0 Ill) fll f.

S -RETCHER.-IVe are afraid we cannot publish your letter. It is some what too personal, and might get us into trouble . Why don't you bring it before the notice of the gentlemen you refer to? J. FRE:\CII TIlO:lIPSON.- Thanks, \'ery much. Perhaps you would kindly send us particulars of that sketch you promised a littl e time since. P. P US ELL . -Vel), sorry we cannot ob li ge, for no doubt the advertisement would do you good, but you were some distance from the top. We might se nd you a book, b ut you might not like the inscription. Try next til11 e,

FIRST

IMPORTANT NOTICE. We beg to give notice that th is Journ a l will in futur e be published on the 1st of th e mon th . In o rd e r to meet the requirem e nts o f the trade. it must be actually published by the 25th or 26 th , so w e mus t ask a ll our correspondents to send i n their contributio n s by the 22nd a t the latest. TO ADVERTISERS . As no pap er at t h e pres ent d ay can exist without Advertis em e n ts, w e b e g to draw t he a~ t e nti o n of Adve rtisers to th is Jou rn al. It has b e en in exis te n ce fo r 24 months , nas a steadily i n c re asi ng vi rculation , and is t he only J ourna l e f its kind circulatin g amon g st firsta iders in all p arts of th e wo r ld, and is read by thousands ev e ry month. These arti fa c t s worth knowing and di gestin g.

TER 1S O F SUBSCR I P TIO N. F OR 1 2 mon ths, IS. 6d, post free, to be sent to the P ublishers, A lan Palmer & Co., 11, Ludgate H ill, L ondon, E. C. T ELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS-" ARTERY, LONDON."

FIRST AID JULYE 1, 1896.

:fl3laclibcatb on 'U'Ulbit Monba)? By " C HIRURGUS." "Yes, Blackheath on a \ i\Thit-:vI:onday. Have yo u eyer been there?" I hear my country readers say" No," and many of my to,\'n readers gil'e the same reply. T hen, if you will allow me, I will try and giYe you some faint idea of what it is like. I haye often heard of the work of the St. John Ambu lance Brigade on public h olidays, and thought that on one of these days I would like to make a yisit and see for myse lf. I arrived at Blackh eath S t ation in the afternoon , and on getting out of the road saw evident signs of a general holiday. C rowds were on the road and foot paths, and eyen cyclists had to walk- music from the organs and dancing by the girls me t me all along the hill. O n mounting the top and entering the Heath I saw a small crowd . "There's a man in a fit." I pushed through and had a look at him. I saw four men holding down another one who was kicking an d struggling and trying to bite them. " H ave the ambu lance people seen him?" I asked . "Yes, about half_ an hour ago, but he has another fit." I asked if he had had anything to drink; his mate said he had, so I told him that he had better get him home as soon as he could. I did not think that my friends wanted h im. The road stretches straight across the Heath, and looking from where I stood, it was one black mass of heads with a mounted policeman here and there - dust was in evidence, and the smells were yaried. One side of the road was occupied by booths of all kine-s, chiefly "AUI~t Sallys," or " cokern u t shies." Many ind ividual members of the crowd were amusing themselves by using "ladies' t ormentors," which were being sold for two-a -penny. I did not im·est . The crowd was enormous, but it was not merely a crowd, it was a multitude-thousands upon thousands ,,,ere there- it was not what you would call a first-class crowd, or like one you would see c u tside the pit of the Lyceum, the standard was not so high i in fact, it was a third class crowd, or fourth, or fifth, but they were enjoying t~emselves, boys and girls larking and romping about, playll1g games all over the g rass, parents looking on with amused faces, 10Yers innumerdble, bu t altogether

[June, 1896.

A I D.

orderly and t h oroughly at home . The afternoon was fine, the sun sh one, and eyerybody was happy. I slowly made my way across the Heath on the look-out or the ambulance tent, and came acro_s a detachment of the Brigade. " \ i\T ere they smoking?" you ask. I did not see any, for 1 belieye it is a well-known fact that no m ember of the St. John Ambulance Brigade has ever been known to do such a thing on duty. They told me they had had a man in a fit - e\-idently the gentleman whom I had just seen. I passed on to the tent and found myoId friend Supt. Goodwin in charge, and he kindly showed what he had got. His tents seemed to be "full up" inside In the men's tent were two cases - a cut leg and a scalp wound; and in the women' tent were abo two cases- a little girl who had been kicked by a donkey on that part of the anatomy I have heard called the " lower chest," the other case was a faint. " ' VeIl, nurses," I said, "have you had plenty of work to do ?" "Excuse me," one said, "we are not nurses, we are nursing sisters." I apologised, of course, but did not know whether to congratulate them on the name or not, so changed the ubject. I then saw the surgeon ill charge (I am sorry I ha\'e forgotten his name), who then explained to m.e how the ambulance work was managed, and showed me what the sisters could do. I saw their bandaging, and very pretty it was-I wish all nurse ('ould do it as well. I had not been there long before the \"an drew u p with a patient whom I recognised as my friend with h is fits-he had had more, and was enjoying himself and giying four priyates plenty to do, but they oon had him out into the tent, where he was promptly fixed up on to the stretcher; the doctor would not keep him, so he was taken to the Seamen's Ho pital, where I heard that a shock from the battery soon brought him to hi senses. The detachment had been there since noon, and strange as it was, I was there in time to see the sisters prepare tea. I am told they always do this-if they are not busy it fills up time; the men had it, too . The last case I saw was a woman brought in with a fractured leg. Joy and excitement reigned among the sisters-the doctor allowed them all to exam1l1e it, and then he carefully bandaged it up, and she was taken to the Seamen's Hospital. As I came away I reflected what a splendid thing this ambulance work is, and what praise ought to be given to those ladies and gentlemen who thus voluntarily gi\'e up time to attend to their fellow creatures in distress. The work is done so qUIetly and without any fuss, that I do not belieye the publIc fully realise what is actually done. Keep on with it, my good friends, your efforts are appreciated by those who experience its need, if by no one else . C oming back by train I had to change at ~unhead, and the holiday was still being kept up, for five girls were there - apparently out for the day, and night, too. One had a mouth organ, and they were all dancing and singing: " Oh, you will have to marry me now, yo u will have to marry me. now, you will have to, you wi ll have to, you wi ll have to marry me now," ending in a shri ek! I have the refrain in my ears as I write. Yes, my country friends, if you want to see how the lower classes in London enjoy themselves, go to one of the large commons on a Bank Holiday. - - - - : 0 :- -- -

BIRMTNGHA:\1.-The monthly meeting of the committee of the Birmingham Corps of the St. John Ambulance Brig-ade was held at the Fire Station on the +th ulL, Mr. A.R. Tozer presiding. One hundred and forty-two cases in which fir st aid had been rendered were reported for the past month.

FI RST

June, 1896 .J

@ur ~ortrait (Baller\? ANDREW BROWNE, ESQ., L.R.C .P., &c . , HOXOl~ARY SURGEO;\l, BRADFORD CORPS, ST. JOH~ AtomULAXCE Bl~IGADE.

HE gentlem3n whose portrait appears in our Gallery this month is the popular surgeon of the Bradford Corps, one of the most promising in the county of Yorkshire. Mr. Browne, who took his degrees at Eeli nburgh and Glasgow, has now been resident in Brad · ford for some years where he bas succeeded in winning the respect and esteem of all those with whom be has :.......::.......c:.=...._ _ - - --'------=--=-", come in con tact. His connection with ambulance ,york dates from a ,-ery early period, and he has since remained a staunch supporter of it. II e was one of the pioneers of the Brigade mo\"ement in the County, and accepted the appointment of Hon. Surgeon to the BradfOl d Corps, throwing him elf heart and 1 'ou l into tbe moYement, and it can be aid to bis credit that he not only undertook the medical and surgical in struction of the members, but on the resignation of the Superintendent he undertook the weekly stretcher and transport drill in addition to l1is other duties, and it is largely due to his energy and selfdevotion tlut the Corps 11as increased both in efficiency and numbers. In public life , Dr. Browne has ne\"er taken an acti\-e part, being rather of a retiring disposition, but among those who have the honour of sen -ing with him and who know him in pri,'ate life, he is regarded as a kindly and courteous gentleman, ever ready to assist either by deed or word the movement he loves so well, and Bradford readers will unite with us in the wish that he may long be spared to help forward iiI st aid work among his fellow citizens. ----:0:----

<ctmlmlanre ~mlork in ~ml'rtra. COli

t i Illi ed.

BROOKLYN , N.Y. (POPULATION, SS39+5). This city maintains a l\Iunicipal IIospital at which there is one ambulance. The greater portion of the service is supplied by the principal general hospi tals, the city paying .each hospital Sr,200 per annum per carriage, the h os pit..1.l authorities finding the vehicles and horses. This obliges the hospital man agements to take any case se nt by the municipal authorities, excepting contagious or il,fectiolls cases. Th.ere are nine of these hospitals, each having a district of it s own. The ambulances are kep t in co nstan t readiness and may be summoned at any hour of the day or night for the transfer of accident cases or cases of non-contagious diseases. Each vehicle is accompanied by a hospital surgeon and one or more orderlies. Usually the j uni or interne is the ambulance surgeon and recei\'es no pay. IIe runs on the ambulance for one year, after \\ hich he is promoted to in side duty. These surgeons carry such medi cines, in st ruments and appliances as may be of immedia te sen'ice to th e suffering. t\ m bulances may be sum moned by policemen by means of eel·tain telegraphic signals from the pol ice signal boxes, with which the city is furnish ed, or by a pplication at the

AID.

police stations, all stations being in direct communication with the hospitals. Cases of sudden illness, whether in private houses or public thoroughfares, if reportcd to the police receive prompt attention. All am bulan ces are under the general supervision of the Department of IIeal th , and the respective surgeons are to send to it a monthly report of sen'ices rendereJ. The following figures are taken from the last annual report of the Commissioners to the :'h~'or : -total number of calls, 7,995 j taken to hospitals, 3,007 j taken home, 871 j not removed, +,0+0. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, (POPULATIO:-<, 1,099,850). The service is purely municipal, and consists of five ambulances \\'hi ch are controlled entirely by the police department. In J 893 , over 40,000 calls were responded to by these wagons, and th e miscellaneous nature of the work performed is shown in the rollowing list of services rendered '-2,859 sick and injured persons to hospitals, 579 sick and injured persons to their homes, 37 dead bodies to the morgue, I dead hod y to residence, 62 insane persons cared for, I destitute person cared for, 3 persons to the county jail, 6 abandoned children to the Foundlings' IIome. PHIL\DELJ'HIA, I'A., (rOpt'LATIO:-;- r,o+6,96+). Th e municipal hospital maintains three ambulances, and averages 30 calls per week. Several other hospitals and institutions maintain and regulate their own ambulances without financi ,tl assistance from the city government. ST. Lours, :'10. CPOPl.:LATIO:-' +51.770). All public ambulances belong to, and are kept at the Central Office of, the IIealth Dep:u tmenl. There are stationed at one of the principal police stations an emergency ambuLtnce, and a physician, for the purpose of reaching portions of the .:ity the most distant from the Central Office of the Health Department. It is proposed by this Department to extend the sy5t~m to other police stations. The members of the police force are not specially Lrained to render first a id , but the Department n1:1.nllal gi"es simple rules for use in emergency cases, and all of the police are suppose:! to be familiar with them. The Railway IIospital has an ambulance in connection with its own institution. BOSTO", :'[ASS. (POI'L'LATTO'f, ++8,477). The city nnintains a municipal hospital ha\' ing 3 ambulances. Five general hospitals possess six ambulances, and the police dep:lrtment have ambulances stationed at seven stations in different ])1.ltS of the city, making a total of 16 ambulances. The out-lying districts, howe\'er, are somewhat indifferently served, and the trustees of the City H ospital ha"e, in resp::ll1se to a request made by the City Council, endea\'oured to ascertain and to suggest sllch improvements in the ambulance system, and otherwise, as will in their opinion assist the people, and especially the inh1bit3nts of the out-lying districts, and make the hospital accommoJation5, which the city supplies at public expense, as nearly as may be accessible alike to all citizens of the municip1.lity. They belie\'e that the ambulance system should be extended, and that the outlying districts should each have an ambulance for its specia l use, centrally located, and to be used for the conveyance of its sick and injured to the Boston City Flo pital, or to slIch other hospital as the patient desires to reach . They believe that the city should further establish a hospital stacion in each district, naH \\,Q.ich the ambulance for that district should be kept, and to whi ch, in case of eI1lergency, either from accident or from sudden sickness, a call for tr,e ambulance may be made; or to which patients may be taken for the purpose of necessary care, and for a permanent disposition. (To be continlled.)

----:0--NUll IXG DlnsIOxs.-We agnin call the attention of our bdy first aiders to thc acl\'ertiSCll1Cllt of 1'les,;rs. Crisp &: Co., relating to Nursing l'nifonus and full equipment. Tllis firm has gi\'Cll lUucll time to the production of a suitable uniform for thc Ambulance Sisters of tile Brigade and first aiders from the country should llot fail to \"i~it their premise- in ,cyen isters Road, H olloway. ---- :o:~---

KES"·TCK.-Th:Hllas Cooper, a fellow who has been often in trouble, and who is known as" Tramp ;'\Jiner," met with an accident \\'hich \\'ill keep him quiet for a few months. It appe:ll'S that he commenced an altercation with ?llr. R. \V. Hawell, Lonsdale, and while attempti ng to throw i\lr. Hawell he went to the ground himself and broke his left leg just above the ankle. P.C. Reid, a "first aid" man, hound the inj ured limb, and the man \\'as com'eyed to the :.rar)' IIc\\'etson Hospital by members of the Ambulance Di\·ision. Dr. Ru sell attended the case . \\'e understand that Cooper has been manlyenoug-h to take the blame to himself for the accident.-A visiting cyclist met with an accident just below the toll-bar at Brow Top. Di<;regarding the danger board fixed at the ~loor, he attempted to ride down to Kes\\'ick by the l'ieldside Road. IYord was sent to the town for a con,eyance. and t\\O members of the ,\ mbulance Di\'ision \\ent along with it. They applicd a bandage and returned \\'ith him to the Lake llotel, where Dr. Cra\\'ftlrd was called in. The left tcmple \\.IS found to he serioll;;ly brui~cd :lIld swollen; there \\"ere somc abrasions on the back part of the hcad, and also on the knees.

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l\(1ilttla!,>lllrn cUll) gmbnlanre [ [qorIt. By A ~.B. RAfLWAY TDIEKEEPER. Friendship's blind sen·ice in the hour of need ' Yipes the pa Ie face-and lets the victim bleed. Science must stop to reason and explain; Art claps his finger on the stream ing vein.

- 0 . H~ Holmes. RA[LWAYME:-! of all grades mu st view with satisfaction the rise and rapid progress of the ambulance movement throughout the country. " ' hen our railway managers and their satellites recognise it as a sine q/la non in the multiform life of our railways, we may safely assume that we have passed the embryonic stage, and that such a well desening m O\'ement bids fair to attain a h ea lthy longevity. Our railway centres are now provided with the necessary men a nd material for first aid action, should occasion arise for their use, and I think that the rapid development of ambulance work in the cou ntry generally has received considerable impetus from the hea r ty anu efficient manner in which railwaymen have taken up the subject. It is quite unnecessary, at this stage of the mO\'ement, to dilate on the incalculable benefits which such a training is able to confer on t hose who may meet with one of those inevitable accidents on our railways. Those benefits must be patent to the merest tyro in railway work, and require no advocacy of mine. The end ami aim of ambulance work is to teach non-professi o nal persons how they may give life-saving assi s lance, and lessen the pain of t he injured before the arrival of medical aid. ~ow, although this may be said to be the " be all, and end all" of a m bulance work, as far as the injured are concerned, it will be my endea"our, somewhat discursiyely perhaps, to show that by a course of ambulance lectures, "aluable benefits are offe reu to those who may graduate at one of the numerous classes in the cou ntry, and a s many railwaymen ha\'e testified personally as to the utility of the points which I wish t o bring forward, it is h oped tbat they will have some influence in inducing railwaymen to enlist as recruits in the ambulance Army. In the first place, the in struction which the a mbulance pupil receiveselem entary though it be-in the structure anu functions of the human body, will enable him more efficiently to cope with those acddents which occur in every hou sehold , accidents whi ch may be considered trifling at the time, but wbi c h may, and often rio, develop serious symptoms, if injudi ciously or improperly treated. Ag-ain, he will ha ve received su ffi cient instruction in the physiological laws whi ch govern the human body as to fore-arm him , and therefore place him in a position to prevent any infrin gemen t of those laws by those around him. All this may be accomplished without any attempt to pose as an amateur d octor, or usurp the functi ons of the medical profession. Ambulance training will also, irrespect il'e of the benefits I ha\'e mentioned, act as a mental stimulant, enlarging :o ne's views of life generally, and, by opening up new ·fields of interest, provide a much needed antidote to the sometimes wearying samenessof railway routine. And, above all, it will gi"e the satisfaction of knowing that, sho uld occasion ca ll for it, we will be in a position to h elp a suffering brother, anu perhaps do much to save a \'aluable life. This should be ample reward for any time, o r labour he may devote in its acquirement. As some may have the impression tbat the work is of so complicated a nature, tbat they would fail to o vel'ta ke it, perhaps I may be allowed to dispel at once such an objection, by saying that there is not tbe slightest ground for such an apprehension. The in stru CLio n given is adapteuto the intelligence of the members, always keeping in view that no previous knowledge has been obtained by them. Both the theo retical and practi cal parts of each lect'lre a re brought down to the necessary level. The ambulance pupil will be greatly surprised to find that the first aid treatment in its general features is of the simplest character, and that the dressing of wound s, and the surgical applianc~s necessary in cases of fracture, may be learned with little difficulty. The recruit in ambulance work is astonished when he comes to know what commonplace articles may be utilised and made serviceable in emergency cases, The cultivation of the faculty of improvi si ng is a leading feature of ambulance training. At an ambulan ce demonstration in Edinburgh, in which railwaymen took a prominent part, o n e of the la~ter displayed his ability in improvising in a striking way. Being request"!d to treat a s upposed torn-lim b case, he unceremoniou sly divested himself of hi s coilt and vest, and created some consternation among the audience by taking off his shirt, improvising a torniquet with a strip of the same, and bandaging the limb with the remaind er. For the encouragement of improvi sors, I may mention that he was afterwards suitably re Narded by being presented wi th sel'eral shirts by the admiri ng onlookers. An ambulance class is not so onesided as to repel all incursions of the humorous. An em'ironment of human skeletons, &c., is perhaps tbe last p!are one would think,of for the evolution of humour, but singula r as it may seem, and I leave p sych ologists to explain the incongruity, the slightest sc intillatio n of "it or hUll1orous reto rt cal ls fort h undisguised la ughter. Such" flashes of merriment," contra sti ng "iviuly with the emblems of mortality around, recei"e a di stinc ti on which does not

[June, 1896.

properly belong to lhem, anu though keenly reli shed in such grim surrounuings, would in ordinary circumstances probably pass ulln 0 ti.::ed , It may be encouraging to intending ambulance pupils to know that, tho ugh practicability is the one great essential in ambulance work, it is not of so morbid a character as to leave no room for those "airy notflings" of humour, which gi\'e zest to life. The thin boundary line whi ch divides the serious fro 111 the bum o ro u sthe tragic from the comic-in human life, finds apt illu stration here. One instance, to show how a repartee delivered upon the m ellowing of occasion may excite the risible faculties in a seemingly depressing environment. The doctor was exhibiting an arm· bone to his class, and incidentally mentioned that it was found on the field of Waterloo, suggesting that it probably belonged to one of Wellington's "yarriors, up on which a member retorted that he thought It was more lrkely to have belonged to a Boney-partist. I conclude with the hope tbat I have to some extent indicated and vindicated the grounds on wbich ambulance work is to be commended to railway employe s, irrespective of the outstanding benefi ts which it is calc ulated to bestow on the injured. I tlllSt that it will do something towards pop ularising su ch important \"ork.-ll(tililY/,Y llrmlcl.

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~t.

,IDofJn

~nlfJulanc £

~riga lY t.

PRO\'Il\'CTAL CORPS. BRA])FORD.-The H ospita l Galas commenced on Whit-M o nday in Peel Park. A novel feature of the attractions was the exbibition affordeu by the members of the St. John Am b u hn ce Brigade. Th ese gen llemen were on duty at the last ga las, and were cal led upon to pr,tctically demonstrate their first aid knowledge. On this occasion they Imu ched in procession, with the \Vyke Bani at their head, from the centre of the t own to the park. They had a relay of members on duty throughout the galas, and in addition an exhibition of ambulance work was given under the direction of Dr. B ro wne, s urgeo n instructor to the Bradford Centre, St. J oh n ,\m !)ulan ce AS30ciation; Dr. Percy G. L odge, lecturer to the Bradford Police class; M r. George Chippendale, h on. secretary to the Bradfo ru Divi sio n, St. John Ambulan ce Brigaue, and }fr, \Va lter FIrth, secretary to the Bradford Police class. Six rases of accidents were treated on the first day. FAvERsHAY1.-Th e loca l dilision of the Brigade has heen putting in some "ery serviceable drills recently lIith their new whe~leu liller, the members mustering well at each practice, in fact, mUI' h interest is being fostered locally in ambulance work. The classes held in connection with the Railway Company (L.C. & D.R.) are be in'Y largelyattenueu, Dr. S. R. Alexander having generally an al'erage attendance of about fo rty. We are pleased to find the officers and members o f the Di\'ision are rendering these classes much valuable assistance at their lectures in b..lndaging and stretcher work. HElL E BAY DlVISlON.-A CO:1cert was gilen at the T own IIall on May 5th by the members and frienus of the ahove division, which in el'ery way prol'ed ,1l1 unqual ified s ucc ess, the hall being crowded and each item of the procrramme being well recei\'ed, sel'eral artistes receiving vociferous encore~. Among the latter we may mention :\[ r. Cecil Graeme whose" sle iO"h t of hand" performance and impersonati ons fullycol1l' inced the audienc~ that he wa s no novice, severa l expressing the II ish that he would rel·isit the to wn on so me future date. The Deputy-Commissioner Dr. :\lilnes Hey, gave a short address explanatory of ambulance work , dwelling e specially upon the importan ce. o f the. publi c supporting -.he BriO"ade in its O"rand endeavours to alleVIate pam and su ffenng The Brigade Chi of \~'lS also preser.t and thanked t~e audience for the ir kind support. At the close of the concert a short d! ~p lay of ambulance work was given by a squad of the dil,isio n. 'Ve are plea sed to be able to state that the net result of the concert was no less than fifteen pounds, whi ch will not o nly payoff the debt on the station and clear sundry other small accounts, but leave a smail balance to he handed to the Treasurer. Since the Division was formed in October, r893, it h as done some useful work, and there is no d oubt it is stead ily progressing, H u LL Co!{ps.-The first annual in spection of the above Corps, was held on Friday, 22nd May, in the R oya l Infirmary by Mr. S. C. Waruell, Deputy-Commissioner, V. Di strict,. St. J o hn Ambulan ce Brigade. There were present Colonel B, Hobart, R.A., Mrs, Wardell, Mr. J. F. Thompson (\:10n. Secretary Hull Centre), Mr .. C . H. Millburn (Chief SurO"eon) Chief Superintendent H o pper, Superintendent Secretary K raus~, Se:'geant Dougla s (Police Di vision)" Sergeant Wingate (Central Divisi on), Superintendent Tunnard (Peel Street DIVISI on) and So men, Lady Superintendent }frs. E. Laverack, Mrs. Brewer, hon. secreta,ry, and 19 nurses : The me~ were form.ed in stretcher parties; rendennO" fir st aId for dIfferent aCCIdents, patIents were taken to the supposed hospital, where the nurses applied roll e r b .ndages. The mel1' were then put through a drill, and a fterwards the Deputy-C~mmi ss ioner addressed those present He expressed hlm:elf satlsfieu WIth the drill and the neatness of the bandaging and great prai se was due to the ladies for the work tbey hau undertaken; he hoped that the people of IT ull woulu recoani se the usefulness of the Corps, and help on the movemen t. Coionelll~bart said if allY Philanthropic S ociety was de :erving support,

June, 1896.J

FIRST

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it \Va3 this Corps, which did the ir work in suc h a quiet and efficie n t manner.' The Superintendent Secretary ga I'e a brief outline o( the diffel en t divisions. POTTERlc:S COHPs.-During May the Potteries Corps has been busy. On May 2nu, by kind invitation of Chief SUJlt. S. :'>Ialkin Copelanu, a general meeting of officers \\,.LS held at," Rockc liffe, " Cheaule, and was attended by officers from Newcastle, Stoke, Burslem, Leycettanu Etruria, together with Supt. Leey Shaw and Drill [.n strllcto r Quirk. The busin ess of the meetin g was chiefly as an I11centll'e to all the divisions to increase their efficienc.y and to throw still more heart into the work of the Corps. After three hours' hard work at executi I'e de tail the party partook of tea, kindly pr ovided by t he host , after whi ch Selgt·~lajor <Juirk, assiste u by Supt. Boaruman (Rur sle~) drilled t~e offic ers. A pleasant dl'i,e of four miles back to Blythe Bndge StatlOl1l1l time to calch tra in s to the variolls uistrictslerminateo a happy a nd useful meeting. On .:\lay 16, a second officers' meeting presided 0\"er by Chief Supt. Copeland, with clJmmunicat ion drill by Sergt-l\lajor <Juirk, was helu at Etrlllia S choo lroom, kinuly lent by the \ 'ic::Lr, Rev. \V. Barrett, Secretary of Etllll"ia division, wh o also alter the meeting inl'ited the officers to a pie Isa nt repast. :\[uch useful business was done, and the drill was thoroughly apprec iated by all present. On Sunday, :\lay 17, a church parade was held at :-;t. Thomas's, l'enkhllll, hy kind il1l'itati o n of the \ 'icar, ReI'. J. C. R. Scott (vice-pI esiuent anu cha!rman of the P ollel ies Centre, St. John ,\lI1bul ance Associa tion ). Tbe divisions o f Stoke, Etruria, NewG.tstle and Burslem were all well representeu. The Corps in cha rge of Chid Supt. S. :\Ialkin Copela, d, Supl. 130aruman (Rurslem ), and Ca rtledge (Hanley), toge ther with officers from each of the ])il'isions, and SUJlt. Secretary '\[a rcus Shaw, marched from " 'inton Square, Stoke, to Penkhull by " 'ay of IIartshill, and \Iere accompanied hy th e Stoke Fire Bligade (who are al~o members of the Corps) lInder,Supt. Co lman . The \ ' icar made them \"Cry welcome. The sen ice was fully choral with anthem, " 0 how amiable." Th e sermon was preacbed from !:it. Luke X. 33. The Vicar pointed o ut that God's bless in gs are" as Ilell for the hody as the soul," the laws of health being a p.UL of the law of God, and that ambulance workers should thank God el'ery time H e allo wed them the pi ivilege of lessening pain, for it was a Christ-like Ilor'l.;.. The Urder of St. John was founded to act the good Sam:nitan, and it presen'ed a great part of its origina l character. ll e beartily Il' elco med the corps to church. It was a grea t thing in a district lik e this to ha\'e a bllUy of men keeping themselves efficient hy constant drill and reauy to meet allY emergency. He also beg-geu of them to keep themselves prepared if calleu upon to assist a person \\ ho m they could see was dying rapidly, to be able to help that one to meet his God by prayer anu repentance. The paraue was a complete' success, fifl), officel's and men taking pan in it, and all presented a \'ery Sr11:Ht appeal anee, the marching s howing that otrict alten tion had been gi ven to drill instrunion. .Arrangemen ts are bei ng maue for 1 Saturday field parade in a few weeks time. Following are the reports from the dilisions of this corps: Stoke (;'\.S. Ry,)Cootl meetings were held on the 3ru and roth :\Iay, tbe average altenuance each beil1g meeting tIl ellty-file, when SUpL. Boardman and ofncers IIancock and Bagnall were ab le to get the men through good out-door drill and stretther work owing to the \'ery fine weather. During the mOllth tE'n new members were enrolleu, I11vking this division much stronge r . Th ey will be representeu in cam p. X ewcastle.-This di \'ision is now gelting some good drill under Drill-Instructor T. Cooke . It is h oped that they will SOOI1 be fitted with uniforms. ,\ comm ittee has been formed to go into the question thoroughly, and no stone w ill be left unw-n ed to ensure t be whole division being turned o ut smartly in uniform at as early a date as possible. I ncreased interest is being taken in first aid whi ch at once shows that the whole division are a nxi ous to keep th emse il'es tholoughly in touch with Brigade work. Burslem. - Owing to I'ariou s causes this uivision has not been quite so successfu l for some little time, but Supt. Boardman and 2nd officer II ancock are determined to bring it up to a high standard of efficiency. lL is hoped that before long, uniJorms may be purchased for rank and file, the two ofncers mentioned a lready having purchased theirs, The loca l volunteer corps (through Capt. Russe ll, one of the St. John Ambulance lecturers), has invited the <Lm0ulan ce eorps to join them in a church pa rad e on lay 3rst, and the Burslem division are determined to make it assu(;cessful as the oneat Penkhull on 17th . Thi s division will be well represe nlel in camp. Cauldon L owe, \Vaterhouses , \Vhiston anu Grind on. -Ow in g to the fine weat her favouring farming operations lately, there bas n ot been much 0pp::l rtunity for getting the members of th ese divisions, who reside i n a scattered agricultllral district, together for drill. It is, however, hoped shortly to get into full workin g order again. \Yaterhouses will be represented in camp . Leycetl.-Good meetings "ere held on 1\lay 6th anu 15th, II hen the members were put through the Drill :\Ianua l. It is much regretted that Mr. tri ck has resigned his position of Supt. to th e division as he is leaving the district. \Ve bave no doubt he will be the means of helping forward the Il o rk of the Brigade in the loca lity in 'whi c hl hi s new a ppointment takes him. The division is indeeu sorry to lose him; he has been a n10.;t able Superintendent, and has occupied the position since the fo rmation o ( Leycett uil'ision. The duties of Superintenuent will now delolve upon the energetic and painstaking Secreta! y, 1\1r.

AID .

Pea segoou , who has al ways done his best to keep the 11'01 k well before the member5. One of the members of this division ha s nOlI' joined the Stafford police force, wh ere no doubt he will lind the ambulance training h e received at Levcett of much value. Etruria.-This division thouah n ol a large one , IS working haru and is being kept well up to the \\"~7k by Rev. \\". Barrell, the Secretary, who was kind enough to invite the officers of the corps to holu their conference in his schoolroom on :'>l.l)' 16th , and to drill in the grounds attacheu to the vicarage. .\uuley.This di\,ision is not doing much at prese nt. It is expected to be considera bly strengthened after th e next first aiu class exam ination is held, and will no douht then sholl' hettel' results, several of the mem bel'S being very enthusiastic in the work. \V! NSFORD DIV ISTO:-!.-On Aprilzr st, Supt. Heathcote was requested by Dr. Felton to remol'e a man, named John Thompson, from ,\l eadow Bank with all speed to the \ "icLOria Infirm ary at X ortlllli ch . 5.~ miles. Sup!. U e,lthcote, with Pril'ate Barker, at once proceeded to ,\-[eadow Bank and found Drs.Okeil and Felton with t}, e patient, who was suffering from a very serious wound in the right forearm which had completely severed the radial artery. The journey lIas commenced with out delay, and the patient handed o"'cr to the care of Dr. G . J oynson at the In firmar)" \1 here he is do: ng as II ell as poss ihle.-O n Sunday, ;\Iay roth , the members of this division accompanieu the chairman o f the Urban Di stl'ict Council, Coun cillor Jabez Hulse, J. P., to the U niteu :\~e tho~i~t Fr~e Church, and a fel\' members of the Crewe dil'i~ i o n \"ery kll1dly JOll1ed Il1 to swell the ranks. The officers present were: Winsford, SUpl. H eathcote and econd Officer Buckley; Crewe, Supt. Oldham and Firsl Officer Gav,thorn.-On ;\lay 15th, Supt. Heathcote, while at Ma rston, lI'as able to render so me assistance to a lady named :\Irs. Hartley, II'ho was thrown f,om the cOIll'crance \I hich she was drivinO" by the horse falling, She II'as suffering from sbock to the system and externa l rruises, &c.-Supt. Heathcote ha s, on behalf of the members of this division, entered into an agreement lI'ith the Winsford I ' rhan Di strict Counci I to remove thei r patien ts when req uired to the \ 'ictoria Infi rmary at Xorthwich, a ui sta nce of sel'en miles, in consideration of whi ch the Council undertake to subscribe £ro annually to the funus of the div ision. --- - -

:0:-- - -

~t. ,mOI)ll >ctmbulallff gS50r(atlon. A YLESIW R \' .-Chief Surgeon Osbol n, at the last mee tinO" of the Bucks County Council, on :\Iay I+th,applied to the Technical Ed~lcation Committee for a grant on bebalf of the Aylesbury Division of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, being a member of the Bucking-ham shire Countr Council. Th~ request will be considered by the ~o l;'mittee . BRA DFORlJ .--On Friday, :\[ay 15th, fifty members of the Bradford Borough Police Force pas~ed thlough an examination in second grade am bula nce work, unuer the auspices of the St. John Am bulance, \ soc iation . Dr. Browne, Surgeon-Instructor to the Association for Bradford examined the men. He was accompanied by Dr. Percy G. Lodcre th~ lecturer for the cla~ses, and ~fr. ':'illiam Firth, the secretar/ ' Dr. Browne expressed hIs great satlsfacllon at the manner III II hich the men had equipped themselves, and said that taking them as a body of men he was highly satisfied with the work they had don e.-O n :'>I ay 7th Dr. \Vatts of Dewsbury, attended at the Brauford Fire tation for the purpose of examining seventy-sel'en members of the Bradford BorouO"h lice Ambulance Class in first aid. lIe was accompanied by Dr. P ercy G. Lodge, lecturer 10 the class; ':\Ir, '\"alter Firth, secretary to the police class; 'Mr. George Chippendale, secretary of the St. John Ambulance Asso:i ation (Bradford Centre), and Police-superintenuent Byng. KESWICK .CE)/TRE.-The medlilions and certificates gained in the recent eXamll1allOn were presented to the members of the class in the Victoria HaJi by :\Ii ss Langton, on Tuesday evening, :\[ay r 2th. There was a good gathering to witness the presentation and the demonstration of first aid . :\Ir. Jos. Hall kindly presided in the absence of the presiuent, Canon Rail l1sley. ,:\11". [J ail sa id it was an honour to pre ide. lI e read a letter from Canon RawnsIey, who wished him to e"pre"s to the meeting his deep sense of what they owed to the St. John Ambulance Corp s . The wri ter congratulated the members upon theil cont inued efficiency. 1\lr. Ceo. H ogarth (hon. sec . and treas,) saiu he had alelter fro m Dr. 90re Rin g, II'?O was unable to be present, Fcrtunateiy they had :\1r. Yeates, s upenn tendent of the Penntll Corps, who had kinuly volu nteered to cond uct the demon st ra tion, i\11'. IIoO"anh read the report, from which it appeared that the work of the. \ssociation had been energetically carried on with renewed Interest, thouah it \l'a s reO"rettable there had been no buies' class. Dr. Gore Ring gil'l!n his'" sen'ices anu deseneu the heart)" thanks of the centre. (,\ppiause) .\[iss Langtoll presented the medalli?ns ;Lnu cenificates, and in doing so spoke o f the value of such tralnlllg, i\ demonstration of first aid was then given under the direct ion of '\Ir. Yeates. The Re\'s. \ V. T. lI eru, J. N. H oare, W. S. L'n win, :\[ essrs. J. Po st lewaite, F,G.S., F, tanl<::y and Superintenuent Yeates a Iso addresseu the meeting. ' IlOSPITAL Sll:-!J)A\' ,A,T CROSTH\\'A TTE C?HUI{Crr.-There was a very goou paraue of the ['l"Iendly SOCl':"!lles, \ olunteer Fire Brigade, and Ambulance .!\len, anu they ma rched to Crosthllaite Church. The

bad

F 1Rsr

Rechabites Band headed the procession, followed by the Foresters and Reehabites (adults and juniors). The Threlkeld Band came next, followed by the .\Icchanics, ~ire Brigade, and Ambulance Corps. There was a "elY full congregatIOn. Canon Rawnsley was the preacher. The offertory for the day, ,,·hieh will be apportioned betwcen the Cumberland Infirmary, Silloth COll\'aleseent Home, and the :'IIary Hewetson Cottage lIospital, Ke£wick, amounted to £I9 3S. 9d. POTTEH IES CE:\,TRE.-The follo\\ ing examinations ha \'e been held : Nursing Class, Barlaston, 3Ist :\fareh, Instructor, Dr. Fernie, 21 ladies examined and passed; First ,\id Class, Oakamoor. 8th .\pril, Instructor, D.r. Rob!nson, 8 first re-examination students presented, and all passed; FIrst AId Class, LongLon, I5Lh A.pril, Instructor, Dr. ,\llan, 12 New students and 5 re-examinations passed, 8 new students failed' First ,\id Class, Newcastle, 17th April, Instructor, Dr. lIalton, pass~s-13 new students. S first re-examinations and 4 finals,S candidates failed . Cross Street, Stoke, Women's First ,\id Class, 20th April, 27 present~d and passed; Cross 'treet, Stoke, Uen's First ,\id Class, 20th April,'19 new students and 5 re-examinations passed, 4 ne,,' students failed. 't\ most successf u I class for women h::ts been CO 111 menced at Newcastle for which Dr. Hatton is the lecturer. O\'er 30 students are in alteIlllance. Funds are most urg-ently needed to carryon the work in this larae and most important manufacturing district, otherwise the work of theb,\ssociation is in eyer)' \\ay satisfactory, The attendance at the lectures is excellent. So far 30 classes have been arranged this session.

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1,atIbJa!! gmbulanff+ GREAT EASrERN RAILWAY, CHAD\\,ELL HEATH.-On 11a)' 8th, an examination of 23 members of the Chadwell Heath division of the G.E.R. corps in connection with the St. John Ambulance Association, of \"hom eleven was for first re-examination, and one for final re-examination, all of whom ha\'e passed, Dr. A. C. Tunstall being- the examiner. The lecturer was Dr. J. Ashton, to \\ hom areat credit is due, this being the second class in connection with thisdiv~ion . 11r. IV. H. II ood also deserves the th::tnks of the corps for his untirin 0efforts 'a s first officer. b GREAT l'\ORTHER:\, RAILWAY CO~IPANY, PETERBORO' (E:\'GINEERS DEPT.)-i\t a recent meeting presided o\'er by Mr. T. R. Johnson the District Enginee.r, t~e follO\~'ing members of Class No. I, ha\'inO' p~ssed the second exam illatIOn recel\'ed their second certificate, yiz., .\Iessrs. T. R. Johnson, \Y. Bailey, J. Bellairs, A. Burnes, 'V. Dixon, J. Hook, W. S. Hook, E. Hill, C. Harrold, R. J. Jeffrey, W . Jackson, J. :Manley, E. \V. Parnell, F. "'. Read, R. Slokes, A. S. Seymour, H. Short, J. ,\Yillmolt ; and the members;of Class 1\ 0. 12 their first certificate, viz., Messrs. E . Wheeler,]. Barber, T. Bew, R. Bradley,A. Bird,A. Gent, IV. K . Garbutt, T. G;Il,R I1eightOI;, J. Ste\'enson,]. Smith,W. Stapting,] . H.Thompson, J. \\akefield, G . \lakefield, J . West, F. W. Weston, hl. Whit.ehead, C . '\Yatson, C. \\T. Claxton, J. S . Fossey and R. IIillard. On Friday, 2-1-th ult., the classes met under the presidency of '\'Ir. T. R. Johnson, supported by Dr. Easby who distnbllted the Badges awarded by the Company to members proving themseh'es efficient at the first examination, after which, :\11. T. R. Johnson on behalf of both classes presented Dr. Easb), with a beautiful" Swan" fountain pen and appliances, and :'I [r. Swaites with a book entitled " Fragments of Earth Lore," by James Geikie, for sen-ices rendered by both gentleman to the classes. A vote of thanks "as also passed to ;\1r. P. Russell, for his sen'ices as Hon. Secretary of both classes. Monthly practices during the summer months are arranged. Lo_ G EATO~.-Si\10K[j G CONCERT AND PRESE. TATION TO TIlE ])OCTORS.-On Friday evening, r\ pril 17th, the memhers of the Midland Railway Ambulance Corps, at Trent (Sheet Stores and Station) held a smoking concert at the <,Jueen's Hotel, Long Eaton, to celebrate the p::tssing of their third examination; also to take an opportunity of marking their appreciation of the services of Dr. Bloomer, as suraeoninstructor, by presenting him with a handsome bronze statuette, I~pre senting;j. sleigh, three horses and dri\'er, and Dr . Chambers (examining surgeon) with a silk umbrella with il'ory and silver mounted handle. 11r. A. l'\icholson (bead of the Sack Department), the president of the corps, presided, and was supported by the following gentlemen-Dr. Bloomer, Dr. Chambers, i\lessrs. E. ,\Villiams, J. IV . Chambers E . II. Child, l\l r. Thomas, J. E. Borebank, J. Shaw, Roberts F. G;'egory PickarLl (Derby), IV. Guy (secretary of the Trent 'hrancb), i\1/ Straw .(secretary of tb~ Toton br~llch), &c. An exellent prog-ramme of musIc had been pro\'Jded ; the kmdness of:\Ir. Goodacre (the landlord) in placing- his engaged artistesat the service of the company bein a highly appleciated. i\[iss Thompson's good songs 'were very much enjoyed, and .\Jr.. Albin, as pianist, was most clever in his accompani ments to the \,anous local vocalIsts, as well as to :\Iiss Thompson's efforts. OLDH,x;-.t.-In connection with the St.John ,\mbulance class reccntly held aL Glotl\lick Road Station of the London and 1\orth '\Vestern Railway 'ompany, the students on Saturday c\'ening-, :'lay 16th, held a smoking concert at the llighfield and Park llotd, Waterloo SLreel. Mr. 11. R. West, the Company's goods agent at Oldham, occupied the chair, and w::ts supported by Dr. 11'lJenry, of Glodwick Road who had instructellthe class. During the evening :'Ir. \ Vest, on beh~lf of the

A 1 D.

l june, 1896.

members of the class, presented Dr. M'IIen ry wiLh a handsome silver m~unted walking stick s uitably inscribed. After Dr. M'IIenry had SUItably acknowledged the present, Mr. West then called upon 11r. Ba rro\\'clough to present I1Ir. J ohn Blanck with an. inscribed silver appendage. M r. Barrowclourrh in so ~oing spoke highly of the deep lllterest :'I I I'. Blanck had always taken lI1 the work. The meetinO' was inter~persed witb songs and musi~al selections, and a most enj~;Ible el'enll1g \\:as spent. On th~ motIOn of Mr. S . Robinson , seconded by 1\11'. J. BrIerley, a very cordial vote of thanks was p::tssec1 to 1Ir. \ \'est for hlsyresence and ~he warm inter~st he had taken in the class. l\lr. V" est, In acknow:cdgll1g t~e vote, s:l.ld he was pleased to be amongst them on such an occaSIon, and If at any tIme he could do anything for their benefit he would be h::tppy to do so. PERTH.-On Friday ~vening, 221lL1 lilt. n. meetina of the members of the railway men's classes in connection'wiLh Sl. John Ambllln.ncc Association (Perth Centre). was held in the third-class waitingroom ?-t the Gene.ral StatIOn for the purpose of di~lrihutillg the medallIOns and certlficatcs gained during the past session. There was a large at tendance. Lord Bah'ai rd was called to the chair, and among~t those present were :-Mr. John Thonns, sheriff clerk; '\Ir. 10hn I?lckso.n, o~ Gr~enbank; Colonel Campbell; Re\'. t\'. J. B. Baxter; l\Ir. GIllespIe, llIstnct supelll1tendent, Perth; ,\ 11'. R. I \'. R. ;'I\ackenzie, of. S.tormontfield; 1\11'. George A. Mackenzic, solicitor; Dr . R'lbert StlrlIllg; Dr. Robertson; Mr. \ V.•\. Patterson enaineer to Gener'll Station Committee; Mr. Yule, N.l.3 . Railway Co~pal~y, !.\'! r.l\Iasterton, Perth;. Mr. Jag;ge!-, HIghland Ra Ilway locomotive superintendent, &c. ApologIes we~'e IntImated from Lord Pro\'ost Dewar, Sir Robert Pullar, ReI'. 1\ Ir. Talt,?t. Madoes; 1\Ir. Macduff, of Bonhard; Dr. Leslie, l\ Ir. John 1\ I 'NeIl, I?r. l'rquhart. Dr. Leslie, in his note, stated that the men on bell1g examll1ed showed a most inteiliaent interest in the move~ent, and were .m.ost practical and sensible in ~lpplying the instruction gil-en . Drs. StirlIng and Robertson and others havinO' addressed the meeting, on the moti0n of 1\Ir. John Thomas, LorJ Bah'ail'd was cordially thanked for presiding, and, on the motion of his Lordship, 1:[r.. Mackenz~e was also thanked for his ser\'ices as secretary, and a sundar cOll1plllnent was passed to the doctors, on the call of :.Ir. John Dickson. The proceedings then termin::tted. T\\'EE~ilIOUTH (1\ .E. R Y.).- The firstcompcliLion too'< place in the LocomotIve l\ l es~ room, on Sunday, the 34th inst., for 3 sill'cr medals, presented hy the ll1structor ?f the class, when 6 teams presented themsel\'es to compete. Aft~r gOIng through a course of oral ex a mination, the practlc::tl part conSIsted of a compound fracture of thc left tibia and fibula, severe scalp wound, and wound in tbe rig-ht hand, the patient to be loaded on ~tretcher by. No .. 1 exercise, the times occupied by the several tcams In dOIng thiS hC1l1g from 6 to 10 minutes. Dr. J. B. Mackay, in giving his decision in fa\'ollr of :\0. 6 team, composed of G ., Il all, goods gmrJ; R . \Vatson, goods poneI' j and T. Douglas. dnver, conrra~ula.ted t~e men on their high state of efficiency, amI he had no heSItatIOn In saYIllg tbat teams could be sent from this station who could hold their own against any team on the Nnrth Eastern sy~teI11, and should the Company decide to gi,'e a challenge CLIp, or plIzes to be compeLed fOf, he had no doubt Tweedmouth would be able to give ~ good account ofthemsel\·es. It had given him much pleasure to be \\'Ith t}lem that day. A he:trty I'ote of thanks was given to the Doctor for hIS attendance. Another competition >,.yill be held shortly.

senger Trains in Great Britain & Ire land . ONE HUNDRED POUNDS will be paid by tne

£1 0D

a.bove Insurance C0!'1lpclIlY to the. Legal representatIVes of any person k Illed by an aCCIdent to the train in which ~h~ deceased was an ordinary passenger, or who shall have been fatally lllJ ured thereby, should death result wit.hin 24 hours after such accident. Provided that at the time of sllch accident the person so ki lled or fatally inj ured was the owner of FIRST AID ~or the current .month, ~on.taining thi.s COllp~n legibly signed WIth h IS or her usual SIgnature III lllk or pencIl, both tIme and signature being of the essence of the contract.

Signature ... .... .-_ .............................._........................... ................. ...... ................................ . Address ............................................... ,.. This I nsurance is limited to one Coupon to each h older, and is not invalidated by any Insurance with this or any other Accident Company. I t is subject to the ordinary conditions of the Association's Accident Polic ies, and is in force from midnight, 1st June, 1896, unti l mi dnight, 1st July, 189 6 .

= == Printed fo r t~e Proprietor s by W. J. GOODB , 88 , Clerkenwell Uoad, a ml p ublished. by ALA.N l'ALMKR and CO .,Il, Ludgate H ill, E. G.

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