Sacred Paths Ebook

Recommended Citation Christmas, A., Morris, E., Morris, J. (2025) Sacred Paths: Healing through the Seven Sacred Teachings. Pathways2Equity, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. ISBN 978-1-4873-0005-0

We acknowledge that we are writing this book on the ancestral and unceded territory of the Mi’kmaq, the original peoples of this land. Our ancestors are the First Peoples of what we call home. Within our identity are our ancestors, and we reside on Mi’kma’ki, the traditional territory that includes all Atlantic provinces and parts of the Gaspé Peninsula. In Mi’kma’ki, the book was written in Unama’ki (Cape Breton), land of the fog, and Kjipuktuk (Halifax), spaces where the land continues to hold stories of our people’s history, resilience, and culture.

A land acknowledgement must be more than words, more than a check box, it requires reflection and action.

As we write this book, we critically consider our relationship to the land and how it connects to our identity and communities. Our ancestors live on these traditional lands, cared for them, and used natural resources for their survival and cultural practices.

They walked these lands honouring the seven sacred teachings principles, to ensure balance for the next seven generations to come.

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We encourage those reading this book, no matter where you are, to reflect on the traditional and unceded lands you reside on. Think about how the land holds histories of pre-colonialism and post-colonialism. If you are Indigenous, reflect on the ways you can take action toward reconnecting with your culture, or if you are a settler, consider the responsibilities you have to work towards reconciliation, decolonization, and being an ally.

REFLECT & WRITE* Capture some thoughts inspired by these questions: Whose land are you on?

What steps can you take to show gratitude for the opportunity to live on this land and receive all that it offers you? What do you know about the history of this land and its people? How do you benefit from this land through the gifts it offers you in being healthy?

* FEEL FREE TO DRAW IF YOU PREFER!

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INTRODUCTION

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Overview of the Book’s Purpose

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Meet the Authors

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The Concept of Two-Eyed Seeing

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Meet Elder Thomas Christmas

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LOVE : THE EAGLE

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The Eagle: A Symbol of Love

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Mental Health & Healing

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Love from Elder Christmas

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Youth Perspectives

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Two-Eyed Seeing

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Affirmations for Love

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Reflect & Write

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HONESTY : THE SABE / SASQUATCH

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The Sabe/Sasquatch: A Symbol of Honesty

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Mental Health & Healing

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Honesty from Elder Christmas

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Youth Perspectives

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Two-Eyed Seeing

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Affirmations for Honesty

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Reflect & Write

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TRUTH : THE TURTLE

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The Turtle: A Symbol of Truth

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Mental Health & Healing

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Truth from Elder Christmas

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Youth Perspectives

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Two-Eyed Seeing

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Affirmations for Truth

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Reflect & Write

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HUMILITY : THE WOLF

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The Wolf: A Symbol of Humility

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Mental Health & Healing

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Humility from Elder Christmas

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Youth Perspectives

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Two-Eyed Seeing

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Affirmations for Humility

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Reflect & Write

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RESPECT : THE BUFFALO

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The Buffalo: A Symbol of Respect

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Mental Health & Healing

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Respect from Elder Christmas

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Youth Perspectives

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Two-Eyed Seeing

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Affirmations for Respect

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Reflect & Write

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COURAGE: THE BEAR

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The Bear: A Symbol of Courage

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Mental Health & Healing

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Courage from Elder Christmas

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Youth Perspectives

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Two-Eyed Seeing

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Affirmations for Courage

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Reflect & Write

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WISDOM: THE BEAVER

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The Beaver: A Symbol of Wisdom

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Mental Health & Healing

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Wisdom from Elder Christmas

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Youth Perspectives

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Two-Eyed Seeing

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Affirmations for Wisdom

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Reflect & Write

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PARTING REFLECTIONS

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Final Youth Perspectives

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Final Thoughts on Two-Eyed Seeing and the Sacred Teachings

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Call to Action

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Words of Encouragement

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SUPPORT RESOURCE LIST

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National Indigenous-Specific Helplines

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Regional Indigenous-Specific Helplines & Services

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Non-Indigenous Specific, but Indigenous-Informed Resources

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Support Practices

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Our ancestors, knowledge keepers, and linguists Elder Thomas Christmas Elders Albert and Murdina Marshall Artist Shianne Gould (Cover Illustrator) Artists Chanelle Julian, Isaac Jeddore-Gould, Jayden Jeddore-Gould (In-Text Art) Artist Gabrielle Giroux (book design & additional in-text art), at Encore Graphics Linda Liebenberg from the Department of Psychiatry, at Dalhousie University Claudia Mitchell and Leann Brown from the Participatory Cultures Lab, at McGill University

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Kwe’(Hello) P’jilas’I (Welcome) to our Mi’kmaq Affirmation book. Our motivation for the book came from a conference in PEI (the Atlantic Summer Institute for Healthy and Safe Communities) we attended in 2023. During a workshop on upstream mental health promotion, we had the idea of creating a book that benefits Indigenous youth, talking about mental health, wellness, and intergenerational trauma. We all have lived experiences of mental health challenges and trauma in our community, and our goal was to create

a book to support our community.

Our book centres on the 7 Sacred Teachings, the Mi’kmaq cultural principles that guide individuals to heal and lead healthy lives. We included the use of affirmations so that individuals can remind themselves of their strength and bravery as they work toward mental health and wellness. Creating this book took many months of meetings, back and forth ideas, and research.

The three of us shared this journey, growing along the way!

We are three Mi’kmaq youth from We’kwistoqnik’ (Eskasoni First Nation), the land of the fir trees, located in Unama’ki (Cape Breton), the land of the fog, one of the seven districts of Mi’kma’ki - the ancestral and unceded land of the Mi’kmaq people. Eskasoni, or We’kwistoqnik’ in Mi’kmaq, means “where the fir trees are plentiful,” which perfectly describes our community that is surrounded by many trees. With a population of 5,000+, Eskasoni is the largest Mi’kmaq community in the world. We each bring distinct perspectives to this project.

INTRODUCTION

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EDMUND MORRIS Ni’n telu’wisi (My name is) Edmund Morris. Growing up in We’kwistoqnik’ (Eskasoni), I have always felt connected to the land. It has shaped who I am and taught me about resilience, community, and respect. When I reflect on my family history, I see how it is connected to the shared experiences of my people.

My family has been deeply impacted by colonial policies. Some of my relatives attended residential school and Indian day school. My family was also affected by the Centralization Policy of 1942, which forced Mi’kmaq families like mine to relocate to Eskasoni. These experiences continue to echo through generations.

Even with these challenges, my family showed strength and kept their cultural pride alive. This resilience is a big part of who I am.

To get to know myself and my background better, I am a crisis support worker at Eskasoni Mental Health Services, and I am also an Eskasoni youth researcher.

I graduated from Cape Breton University in 2024 with an undergraduate degree in Mi’kmaq Studies. I am enrolled in the same institution’s Bachelor of Social Work program, set to graduate in May 2026. My family history and connection to land guide me in my personal and professional life and will be important in my work as a social worker. The land reminds me to approach social work with humility and to focus on relationships and healing, not just for individuals but for communities as a whole. By knowing my history and understanding my identity, I can work toward social work that supports Indigenous communities and respects their resilience and culture.

JAYLYN MORRIS Ni’n teluisi Jaylyn Morris, a 23-year-old Mi’kmaw woman from Eskasoni First Nation in Unama’ki. I’m the daughter of Edmund (Jay) Morris and Margaret Jayne Knockwood, and the sister of Edmund Morris III. Growing up in Eskasoni has shaped who I am and the path I’ve chosen.

Currently, I work part-time as a Crisis Support Worker at Eskasoni Mental Health Services and collaborate with researchers at Dalhousie and McGill Universities on youth-focused projects. In the spring of 2024, I graduated from Cape Breton University with a Bachelor of Arts in Mi’kmaq Studies. This September, I began 9

INTRODUCTION

the Bachelor of Social Work program at Cape Breton University, aiming to graduate in the spring of 2026.

My journey into social work has been deeply shaped by my community. I focus on cultural sensitivity and finding solutions that honour our Mi’kmaw values. My connection to the land keeps me grounded and reminds me that we must care for both each individual and our entire community.

As I continue on this path, I have learned that we are always in a cycle of learning, unlearning, and relearning as we let go of what no longer helps us and open ourselves to new ideas. By carrying the strength and resilience of my ancestors, I ensure their teachings guide me forward with honesty, kindness, and respect.

ALYSSIA CHRISTMAS Ni’n teluisi Alyssia Christmas and I am 23 years old. I am two-spirit, so I go by any pronouns (she/they/he). I was born and raised in Unama’ki. I was raised by a single mother, so I learned a lot of lessons about life early on. My maternal grandparents, Thomas Christmas and the late Marlene Dennis, both attended Indian Day Schools. I witnessed a lot of strength and resilience growing up. An example is hearing stories about my granddad Tom’s childhood and how he would go fishing every day as a kid to feed his family. It is a well-known fact that the kids who attended Indian Day Schools experienced multiple forms of abuse. My maternal grandparents survived it. My mother was equally as strong as her parents. She started working young to support us both, so I always admired her determination and hard work. It has led me to become the person I am today.

I was 15 when I began a journey as an Eskasoni youth researcher. Community work has always been my favourite, whether it was volunteering or participating in “Our Eskasoni” gatherings. I found a purpose through my research work. I currently work for Eskasoni Mental Health at the Eskasoni Access Youth Space as a Youth Support Worker. I understand that our youth are our future leaders, so I’m very proud of the work I do in encouraging the youth of Eskasoni.

INTRODUCTION

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TWO-EYED SEEING ELDERS ALBERT AND MURDENA MARSHALL After discussions of our book, we came up with an idea to integrate the concept of Etuaptmumk (Two-Eyed Seeing) into it. Elder Albert Marshall and his late wife, Elder Murdena Marshall, both deeply respected in our Mi’kmaq community, We’kwistoqnik’, co-developed the concept. Elder Albert explains that “Two-Eyed Seeing refers to learning to see from one eye with the strengths of Indigenous ways of knowing and from the other eye with the strengths of Western ways of knowing and using both of these eyes together” (Barlett, Marshall, & Marshall, 2012).

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INTRODUCTION

For us as Mi’kmaq youth researchers, integrating Two-Eyed Seeing concept ensures that our work honours and reflects our own identities, culture, and personal stories as Indigenous youth living in a larger Settler context. By doing this, we acknowledge that both Indigenous knowledge and Western knowledge hold value. We combine both views together to create a holistic approach to healing, which makes the journey more meaningful to us as Mi’kmaq youth, and, hopefully, other youth reading this book. By using this concept, we show that we use the knowledge of our elders and knowledge keepers, including Elder Albert Marshall and the late Murdena Marshall, while also being open to Western perspectives that can help strengthen the mental, emotional, and spiritual health of Indigenous peoples.

We often spent time working on this book in the Murdena Marshall Student Lounge at Unama’ki College, located within Cape Breton University. Her watchful gaze looked down at us from her portrait, and we are constantly reminded of her legacy and guidance. Her presence in that space encourages us as youth to keep pushing forward, and to ground ourselves in the strength of our cultural teachings and inspire to carry out the Two-Eyed Seeing concept moving forward.

ELDER THOMAS CHRISTMAS Our elders hold so much sacred wisdom, and that is why we wanted to include an elder in our book. Elder Thomas Christmas is Alyssia’s Grandfather. When Alyssia interviewed him for the book, he said “We (the Elders) want youth to learn, if not from us, from somebody else, we want youth to learn. We want youth to be the best they can be.” He generously shared with us why it is important for us to think about healing, how to understand the 7 Sacred Teachings and how to use them in our lives to be healthy. Elder Tom is also from our community of We’kwistoqnik’.

INTRODUCTION

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Elder Tom taught us that the 7 sacred teachings were adapted from the teachings of other Indigenous tribes located on Turtle Island. Our people adopted them and follow them as a guide for our own spirituality. These teachings can be used to help our people with a constant and concrete form of praying and guidance.

Consistency is very important for a positive lifestyle. These teachings help our people to focus on their spiritual beliefs and, again, to guide them on their journey to health. These teachings help our people see how important their spirituality is to their own well-being and to future generations. These teachings are the tip of the knowledge iceberg, so to speak, and they can spark the desire to learn more about ourselves and our peoples.

Elder Tom reminded us of the events that have inflicted trauma on our peoples and our communities. These experiences are rooted in colonialism and continuing structural and systemic factors that ensure our social, economic and political marginalization. The most recognized inter-generational trauma is the negative experiences that most of our own people went through in the Indian Day Schools and the Indian Residential Schools. These events and factors have resulted in our people experiencing personal trauma and intergenerational trauma. Intergenerational trauma is like a disease that is passed down through our genetics – we didn’t actually live the traumatic experience, but it was passed down to us through our genes. It is also passed down through the practices our ancestors were taught through these experiences and our attempts at dealing with the pain of this trauma and our life experiences.

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INTRODUCTION

“At the schools, for example, what our people experienced, at the time, we thought that this was the normal way of being educated. So now we should use the real-life experiences of our own people to make our people aware, and we learn through our own experiences. Luckily, I was nowhere to be found when our church was rounding up children to take to the Shubenacadie Indian Residential School; I spent a lot of time in the woods either playing or gathering firewood, but I attended the Indian Day School. The only difference between these was that we got to go home after school.”

Smudging and praying to our Creator, these, when practiced constantly and consistently, help us, our people, to make it through our own lives. Speak to the Creator as if we were in the same room. Smudge and pray, speak your mind. Our Creator is listening. It can certainly HELP! Speak the language, walk the walk, talk the talk. Prayer and smudging will assist us tremendously.

As you read this book, we hope you find ways to draw on the strengths and messages for growth shared here. Keep in mind that we never know what will upset us or bring back difficult memories. Sometimes feeling safe or grounded can hold space for pain and hurt. If you do find, as you work through sections, that you are becoming upset or that difficult memories are surfacing, be sure to reach out for additional support. We have a list of suggestions at the back of this book to help.

INTRODUCTION

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Love is a teaching that holds us together as Mi’kmaq people. While respect connects us to others through mutual care, love deepens that connection by opening our hearts. Love is about compassion, gratitude, and nurturing the relationships that root us in life. It’s a sacred thread that ties us to each other, to creation, and to the Creator.

The eagle represents love in Mi’kmaq teachings. Flying higher than any other bird, the eagle carries our prayers to the Creator. It watches over us with a broad and caring perspective, reminding us to see the world with love and understanding.

When we live with love, we create a sense of belonging and uplift one another, strengthening both our spirits and our communities.

THE EAGLE: A SYMBOL OF LOVE The eagle is a powerful symbol in Mi’kmaq culture. Its ability to fly high above the earth represents a broad and selfness perspective, one that sees the world with clarity and compassion. The eagle’s sharp vision reminds us to look beyond ourselves and care for those around us.

In Mi’kmaq culture, the eagle also symbolizes the connection between the Creator and humanity. It carries our hopes, dreams, and prayers. By embodying love, the eagle teaches us to act with kindness and to nurture the relationships that give our lives meaning. Love is a way of living that brings warmth, balance, and healing to our lives.

LOVE : THE EAGLE

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MENTAL HEALTH & HEALING Love is a powerful tool for mental health and healing. When we embrace love, we create a sense of belonging and security, which strengthens our mental wellness.

Love eases loneliness, builds resilience, and helps us face life’s challenges. It connects us deeply to others and brings peace to our hearts.

For Indigenous youth, love plays a key role in healing intergenerational trauma as well. By learning to love ourselves and others, we can break cycles of pain and rebuild connections within our communities. Self-love is especially important, as it reminds us that we are worthy of care and compassion. Love for our ancestors, the creator, and the land further strengthens our spirits, grounding us in our identity and culture.

LOVE FROM ELDER THOMAS CHRISTMAS Elder Thomas explains that love is represented by the eagle “because when Eagles get married, they stay together for life, and they take care of the children. They’re Little Eagle, Eagle, it’s together while one is brooding the eggs, the other will go hunt. And once the eaglets are born, both Eagles will hunt and take regurgitated food to them, and both of them work together to feed the eaglets.”

He explains Eagles are also reflective of love “because the Eagles can fly the highest and can reach God. That would be specifically for smudging, because when you smudge, you use an eagle feather. It’s the one animal that can go close to the Creator. There’s no other animal that can do that.”

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LOVE : THE EAGLE

YOUTH PERSPECTIVES

JAYLYN MORRIS Love is what carries us through, even when we feel like we have nothing left. It is in the way we take care of each other, in the moments when we feel lost, but someone reminds us we are not alone. Love is not just in big gestures. It is in the small things, like checking in on a friend who has been quiet, making sure everyone feels included, or offering a comforting presence when words are not needed.

For us, as L’nu (Mi’kmaq), love is a responsibility. It is in the way we show up for our families, our communities, and ourselves. It is in the way we protect our teachings and languages, even when we were told they did not matter. Love is what kept our ancestors strong, what carried them through hardship, and what still connects us to them today. I think about my family and friends, how they express love through the meals they prepare, the stories they share, and the way they make sure we always have what we need. Love is not just something we feel.

It is something we do. It strengthens our spirits, helps us heal, and reminds us that we are worthy of kindness and care.

LOVE : THE EAGLE

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EDMUND MORRIS Love is feeling free with yourself and others. It’s a deep connection that supports your mental, spiritual, and emotional well-being. In our Mi’kmaq culture, love is shown through how we care for one another, we help those in need and celebrate each other’s successes. Love is part of who we are as a Mi’kmaq people, reminding us that we are never alone.

For me, finding love for myself was difficult. Growing up as a plus-size, two-spirit, and Mi’kmaq person in a colonial world, I often felt out of place. Westernized ideas of beauty and worth made it hard to see myself clearly, and I struggled to feel like I belonged. There were times when I questioned my values, especially when faced with stereotypes and pressure to conform to what others thought I should be. Learning to love myself meant letting go of those colonial views and embracing who I truly am, a proud two-spirited L’nu.

My community was a big part of my healing. Sharing meals at friends’ houses, attending community events, and being with my fellow Mi’kmaq people helped me understand that love does not come from fitting into a Westernized world.

Love comes from honouring who you are and embracing your identity from the guidance of our ancestors. They remind us that our spirits are valid and meaningful, even when the world tries to tell us otherwise. Loving yourself is trusting that your ancestors walk with you on your mental health and wellness journey, as they offer guidance and strength as you move through life.

ALYSSIA CHRISTMAS To me, love reflects the Creator’s connection to us. The Creator loved everything so much that humans were added to the earth. We carry that love with us every day. It’s important to show love to ourselves and others to honour the Creator’s love. I practice this teaching by visiting my family, caring for my body, and learning my love language. As Mi’kmaq people, we’ve endured so much intergenerational trauma, and learning to love is a vital part of healing. Through love, we strengthen ourselves and break cycles of pain.

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LOVE : THE EAGLE

TWO-EYED SEEING Two-eyed seeing helps us understand love from both Indigenous and Western perspectives. In Mi’kmaq teachings, love is about relationships, our bond with the Creator, land, and each other. From a Western lens, love often focuses on selfcare and emotional connection. When combined, these views remind us that love is both personal and collective. Through Two-eyed seeing, we learn that love is a guiding force. It helps us care for others while honouring ourselves. This balanced approach shows us that love is not limited to one worldview but is a universal teaching that can bring healing and unity.

LOVE : THE EAGLE

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AFFIRMATIONS FOR LOVE

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LOVE : THE EAGLE

REFLECT & WRITE* Think about a moment when you felt deeply loved or when you showed love to someone else. How did that experience impact you? How can you bring more love into your daily life to strengthen your relationships and your sense of self?

* FEEL FREE TO DRAW IF YOU PREFER!

LOVE : THE EAGLE

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Honesty strengthens our spirits and guides our journey. Courage helps us face fears, and honesty allows us to live truthfully. Honesty means being open and sincere in actions and words. Living honestly builds trust, fosters self-respect, and nurtures meaningful relationships.

In Mi’kmaq teachings, honesty is represented by the Sabe, or Sasquatch. The Sasquatch walks tall and proud, living authentically and reminding us to do the same. Honesty involves being real with ourselves and others, even when the truth is hard to share. Being truthful allows us to see clearly and stay grounded in our values. By living honestly, we honour our responsibilities to ourselves, our families, and our communities. This teaching also strengthens our connection to the land and the wisdom of our ancestors, guiding us to walk a path of clarity and integrity.

THE SABE: A SYMBOL OF HONESTY The Sabe symbolizes honesty in Mi’kmaq culture and represents living with integrity, standing tall in truth, and embodying authenticity. The Sabe teaches us to be truthful in our relationships with others and with ourselves. Living honestly builds trust, honours our values, and connects us to the teachings of our ancestors.

The Sabe also reminds us that honesty requires courage and self-awareness.

Speaking the truth is not always easy, but it is essential for creating harmony and understanding. By living authentically, we align with our inner truth and create stronger bonds with the people and the land around us. The Sabe inspires us to reflect on our actions and ensure they come from a place of respect and sincerity.

HONESTY : THE SABE / SASQUATCH

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MENTAL HEALTH & HEALING Honesty plays a crucial role in mental health and healing. Living dishonestly, whether by hiding feelings or avoiding the truth, creates inner conflict and stress.

Honesty helps release the burdens of unspoken truth and unresolved emotions, allowing our minds and hearts to heal. Honesty begins with self-reflection.

Being truthful with ourselves about feelings, struggles, and needs is the first step toward emotional and mental wellness. Honesty helps us face challenges, communicate openly, and build stronger connections. Living truthfully fosters trust and strengthens resilience.

HONESTY FROM ELDER THOMAS CHRISTMAS Elder Thomas explains that “teaching the child honesty that’s very easy to do after a child is born when they’re young because children naturally don’t know how to lie. If they lie, they learned it from somebody else. It could be a non-family member or a family member who is old enough to lie. You teach your child to do things, right? You don’t teach them to be anything else but honest, and that’s represented by Sasquatch.”

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HONESTY : THE SABE / SASQUATCH

YOUTH PERSPECTIVES

JAYLYN MORRIS Honesty means being real with yourself, with others, and with the world around you. It is easy to pretend things are fine, to say what people want to hear or to hide the parts of yourself that feel too heavy to share. But real honesty is not about saying what is easiest. It is about standing in your truth, even when it is hard.

Growing up, I struggled with being honest about how I felt. I thought I had to be strong, that asking for help meant I was weak. But I have learned that honesty is not a weakness. It is one of the strongest things we can practice. It is in admitting when we need support, in speaking up when something does not feel right, and in carrying ourselves with integrity even when no one is watching. As L’nu, honesty has always been part of who we are. Our people have carried their truths, even when others tried to erase them. When we live with honesty, we create spaces where others feel safe to be themselves, and we remind each other that we do not have to carry our burdens alone.

HONESTY : THE SABE / SASQUATCH

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ALYSSIA CHRISTMAS Honesty means living without lying. Creating without lying. Being honest with yourself and others. I practice honesty by being open about my feelings and experiences and sharing what I go through. Since being diagnosed with C-PTSD, I’ve been able to recognize my emotions and slowly start to be more honest about my struggles. This honesty has helped me get out of episodes quicker and feel more in control of my healing journey.

EDMUND MORRIS Honesty begins with being truthful with yourself. It is taking the time to reflect on parts of yourself that you may not fully understand. For me, self-honesty was one of the hardest but most important parts of my healing journey. I had to accept my traumas and work on them in therapy. I had to tell myself, “This is what I went through, and I cannot change that.” It was difficult, and it broke me in ways I wasn’t ready for. But it also gave me peace. Accepting my traumas helped me move forward, and I won’t let them break me again.

When I became more honest with myself, it became easier to be truthful with my family, friends, and others. In Mi’kmaq culture, lying to or about someone is deeply disrespectful, and I carry this teaching with me. Clear communication shows respect, and honesty builds trust in relationships. Being honest also improves mental wellness. When we carry the lies of unspoken truths, it creates an internal burden. Letting go of that burden reduces the heavy weight of stress and inner conflict, it creates a life that feels more authentic and peaceful.

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HONESTY : THE SABE / SASQUATCH

TWO-EYED SEEING Honesty through Two-eyed seeing balances Indigenous and Western views of truth. From an Indigenous perspective, honesty honours sacred relationships with the land, the Creator, and the community. It means speaking and living in harmony with these connections. The Western perspective focuses on individual integrity, self-awareness, and personal growth.

Together, these views teach that honesty is relational and personal. It involves living truthfully in a way that strengthens connections and honours values.

Integrating these perspectives allows us to navigate life with authenticity, trust, and respect.

HONESTY : THE SABE / SASQUATCH

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AFFIRMATIONS FOR HONESTY

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REFLECT & WRITE* Think about a time when you were completely honest, even when it was difficult.

How did it affect you and those around you? How can practicing honesty help you strengthen your relationships and honour your true self?

* FEEL FREE TO DRAW IF YOU PREFER!

HONESTY : THE SABE / SASQUATCH

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Humility reminds us to walk softly and honour our connections, while truth ties everything together. Truth is the foundation of all the other teachings. It guides us to live in a way that reflects who we truly are and what we believe in. Truth requires us to align our actions, words, and values so we can walk an authentic path.

In Mi’kmaq teachings, the turtle represents truth. The turtle moves with patience, carrying its home wherever it goes. It reminds us that the truth is steady, but always present. Truth is not just spoken, it is lived. When we live in truth, we create clarity within ourselves and strengthen our connection to those around us.

THE TURTLE: A SYMBOL OF TRUTH The turtle is an ancient and wise creature, it moves steadily in its movements and stays grounded in its purpose. The turtle carries its shell, and it’s a reminder that we always carry our truth with us, no matter where life leads. Truth requires patience and consistency. Like the turtle, we must take our time to understand who we are and where we are going. The turtle teaches us that truth cannot be rushed or forced, it is something we live each day through our actions and choices. When we embrace truth, we stay grounded and at peace.

TRUTH : THE TURTLE

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MENTAL HEALTH & HEALING Living in truth is a path to healing and clarity. When we accept the truth of our experiences, thoughts, and emotions, we create space for growth and understanding. Truth helps us face challenges without avoiding or hiding from them. By being true to ourselves, we can move forward with more confidence and peace.

For those living with trauma or mental health struggles, truth is a powerful tool.

It reminds us that the past does not define us and that we live fully in the present.

By acknowledging the truth or where we have been, we can also trust where we are going. Truth strengthens our mental wellness by helping us let go of shame and fear, creating space for healing and self-acceptance.

TRUTH FROM ELDER THOMAS CHRISTMAS Elder Thomas explains that “the animal that stands for truth is the turtle, because the turtle doesn’t waver from his or her path. When turtles go to lay their eggs, they’re just focused on finding a good spot to lay their eggs. The Turtle represents truth. Truth in Mik’maw is Ke’ Talawoqn, to speak the truth; nothing is gained by telling a lie. Nothing.”

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TRUTH : THE TURTLE

YOUTH PERSPECTIVES EDMUND MORRIS Truth, to me, means living in line with my values and beliefs. Being genuine, honest, and true to who I am. As a L’nu, I’ve grown to understand that truth isn’t just a word, it’s a way of life, a tradition handed down by my ancestors. I truly learned what truth meant when I embraced my identity as a Two-Spirit man. For a long time, fear kept me from living my authentic self, but once I chose to honour my truth, I found freedom and happiness that changed everything.

Practicing truth begins with taking time to look within. I check in with myself, asking if my actions really reflect the values I hold. Living truthfully means setting personal goals that honour who I am and what I stand for as a L’nu. By living in truth, I carry forward the strength of my ancestors and the spirit of our people.

ALYSSIA CHRISTMAS The best way for me to describe truth is allowing the river to flow. Life is a river.

We don’t manipulate or try to change the river’s path. Truth is accepting life as it is and learning to flow with it. There’s a difference between truth and honesty.

You can be honest, but that doesn’t mean everyone will trust you. Trust is deeper.

I practice truth every day by reminding myself that my past traumas are in the past. I am safe now. This has helped me get out of a C-PTSD episode faster. Living in truth gives me peace and helps me trust myself and the world around me.

TRUTH : THE TURTLE

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JAYLYN MORRIS Truth is something we carry within us. It is in the wisdom passed down from our ancestors, in the lessons we learn through life, and in the way we choose to live each day. Truth is about being true to yourself, speaking from the heart, and honouring your values. It means living in a way that reflects who you are, not who the world expects you to be.

Living truthfully is not always easy, but it is what gives life meaning. It is about standing by what you believe, keeping your word, and having the courage to face yourself honestly. Truth helps us build stronger connections with others and find peace within ourselves. It reminds us that we do not have to pretend to be something we are not. When we live with truth, we honour our past, walk confidently in our present, and create a future where we can all be seen for who we truly are.

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TRUTH : THE TURTLE

TWO-EYED SEEING In Mi’kmaq teachings, truth is often about knowledge and evidence. It encourages clarity through reflection, honesty, and accountability. Together, these views show us that truth is both personal and collective. It is found in how we live and how we honour our values. Two-eyed seeing teaches us that living truthfully brings harmony to our lives. It helps us stay grounded in our identity while staying open to learning from others. Truth is not just what we say, it is what we do and how we live every day.

TRUTH : THE TURTLE

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AFFIRMATIONS FOR TRUTH

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TRUTH : THE TURTLE

REFLECT & WRITE* Reflect on a moment when you embraced your truth. How did it feel to live authentically in that moment? What lessons did it teach you about yourself, and how can you carry those lessons into your daily life?

* FEEL FREE TO DRAW IF YOU PREFER!

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Wisdom teaches us to use knowledge and experience to guide our choices, and humility reminds us to walk slowly as we move through life. Humility is recognizing that we are part of something much larger than ourselves. It grounds us and opens our hearts to the perspectives and needs of others. Living with humility allows us to honour the balance of life.

In Mi’kmaq teachings, the wolf represents humility. Wolves move as a pack, teaching us the importance of sticking together as a community, along with cooperation. A wolf does not seek to lead through dominance but by contributing to the collective strength of the pack. The wolf reminds us that everyone has value, and our place in the circle is not greater or lesser than anyone else’s.

THE WOLF: A SYMBOL OF HUMILITY Wolves live and thrive together as a pack, showing that no one is more important than one another. They hunt, travel, and care for one another, each wolf fulfilling its role for the survival of the whole. The wolf teaches us to respect others, value teamwork, and contribute without seeking that recognition. Their strength comes from its ability to work with others while staying grounded and balanced.

It reminds us to listen more than we speak and to admit when we are wrong.

Humility is understanding that we are all part of a larger whole and that every voice matters.

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MENTAL HEALTH & HEALING Humility in mental health and healing prevent the ego from taking over, reducing stress, and anxiety, that is caused by comparison or pride. When we live with humility, we are more open to asking for help and receiving support. This openness allows us to build stronger connections and feel more at peace with ourselves and others.

Humility also encourages us to step outside of ourselves and see life from different perspectives. By recognizing that we are not along in our struggles, we can extend more kindness and understanding to others. Humility helps us grow by showing us that mistakes are part of learning, and asking for guidance is a sign of strength, not weakness.

HUMILITY FROM ELDER THOMAS CHRISTMAS Elder Thomas says that “Humility is taught by action more than by words. And this is represented by the wolf, Paqtsm, the animal that howls.”

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HUMILITY : THE WOLF

YOUTH PERSPECTIVES JAYLYN MORRIS Humility is walking through life, knowing that we are always learning. It is understanding that no one is above or below anyone else and that true strength comes from lifting each other up instead of trying to stand taller than those around us. Humility is recognizing that every person, every creature, and every part of creation has value and purpose.

I used to think humility meant staying quiet because others were more educated or experienced. But I have learned that we all bring something to the table. Every person carries knowledge shaped by their own journey, and wisdom does not come from one place alone. Our perspectives, our life experiences, and the lessons we have learned all have meaning. Humility is not about knowing less, it is about recognizing that we all have something to teach and something to learn. When we listen, share, and uplift one another, we grow together.

ALYSSIA CHRISTMAS An example of humility is treating the janitor the same way I would treat the CEO. Humility teaches us not to put ourselves or others on a pedestal, we accept things the way they are. It’s important to show honour, but there is a limit to what we display. I practice humility by putting myself in other people’s shoes to see how I can help. I also try to think before I speak.

Humility helps my emotional and mental well-being as well. It reminds me that I’m not the only person who needs support. Others are struggling too, and I’m learning how to show up for my family, friends, and peers. It’s a daily practice of being aware and offering kindness when it’s needed most.

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EDMUND MORRIS Humility means knowing I’m just one part of something much bigger than myself.

As a L’nu, I’ve learned that we’re all connected to each other, to our land, and to our traditions and values. This understanding is even more important in my work as a social worker. It reminds me that no one has all the answers and that we all grow when we share and listen.

I practice humility by asking for guidance when I need it. Whether I’m talking with an elder, a friend, a classmate, or a colleague. I also spend time in nature and with my loved ones, which keeps me grounded and reminds me of our shared strength in our Mi’kmaq culture. In my day-to-day work, I know that being humble means accepting both my strengths and my weaknesses without letting pride get in the way.

Living humbly helps me stay open to new ideas and to learn from every experience.

It guides me to empower others rather than imposing my own views, and it keeps me honest about what I can and cannot do. By keeping my ego in check, I honour my culture and the generations before me, and I build a practice that truly supports the healing and growth of my community.

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TWO-EYED SEEING In Mi’kmaq teachings, humility is shown through the recognition of balance.

Knowing your place within the circle and understanding that everything is connected, from the land to the animals, to our communities. Indigenous teachings encourage us to walk humbly, honouring the contributions of others and living in gratitude. Western views often focus on humility as a way to foster personal growth and self-awareness, such as reflecting on your actions and recognizing your limitations. Both perspectives teach us that humility creates balance in life, it allows us to grow without letting pride or ego stand in the way. By blending both perspectives, we learnt that humility brings strength and connection. It shows us that true growth comes from recognizing the value of others and staying grounded in who we are.

HUMILITY : THE WOLF

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AFFIRMATIONS FOR HUMILITY

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REFLECT & WRITE* Think of someone in your life who taught you about humility. What did they show you, and how has it shaped the way you treat others and yourself? How can you practice humility in your daily life to create stronger connections with those around you?

* FEEL FREE TO DRAW IF YOU PREFER!

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Respect is a key part of Mi’kmaq culture and teachings. It connects us to each other, our ancestors, and the natural world. Respect means honouring the dignity of all living beings, the land, and ourselves. It is something we show through our actions, words, and intentions.

The buffalo, or “Ta’sipu,” is an animal connected to respect. For generations, the buffalo has stood out for sacrifice and provision, giving everything to sustain communities. Every part of the buffalo was used with gratitude and care. The buffalo teaches us to give back and live in harmony with the world. Respect is mutual, what we give, we receive in return.

Respect also requires balance, respecting ourselves and others equally. It reminds us that we are not alone, we are part of a larger whole. When we practice respect, we build stronger relationships, take care of ourselves, and honour the traditions passed down to us.

THE BUFFALO: A SYMBOL OF RESPECT The buffalo, a sacred and strong animal, represents respect in many Mi’kmaq teachings. Known for its strength, endurance, and generosity, the buffalo provided everything the people needed, food, clothing, shelter, and tools. In return, the buffalo was treated with deep respect. The buffalo teaches us about the connections between all living things. True respect is not one-sided, it is a mutual exchange of care, gratitude, and responsibility. In Mi’kmaq culture, this respect goes beyond the individual to include the community, the land, and the Creator. By learning from the buffalo, we can approach life with more respect.

RESPECT : THE BUFFALO

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MENTAL HEALTH & HEALING Respect plays an important role in mental health and healing. When we respect ourselves, we acknowledge our worth and build a foundation for self-care and self-compassion. Respecting others helps us understand and empathize, which is essential for supportive relationships and strong communities.

For Indigenous youth, respect can help heal intergenerational trauma. By respecting the teachings of our ancestors and embracing our cultural identity, we build resilience. When we respect the land, we reconnect with its healing properties, grounding ourselves in its natural rhythms.

In moments of self-doubt or pain, practicing self-respect can be transformative.

Affirmations are tools that can help us challenge negative thoughts and encourage a positive inner voice. Respect is a value that guides healing and empowerment within ourselves.

RESPECT FROM ELDER THOMAS CHRISTMAS Elder Thomas reminded us that respect starts with ourselves and extends to everyone and everything around us, and how respect has been a cornerstone of our community for generations. He reminds us that respect is learnt from others. As he says, “have to say this to your children. You talk to your children about it. Like, if you want your child to be respectful to elders, you have to say that. Because the child’s mind is all over the place, right? You respect people, you respect animals, you respect the land. Now, children who are not taught this, can go on the wrong path.”

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RESPECT : THE BUFFALO

YOUTH PERSPECTIVES ALYSSIA CHRISTMAS I believe that respect is a great teaching as it represents the buffalo. In our culture, when we hunt, we use every part of the animal. When colonization began, they killed buffalos as a sport, showing disrespect to Indigenous people. Respect means honouring life in a way. It’s about accepting things as they are without trying to change them. I practice this teaching every day by following rules and setting or accepting boundaries. This leads to mental wellness because we all need boundaries for ourselves, our relationships, our jobs, and more.

JAYLYN MORRIS Respect is something I have had to learn over time. I used to think it was just about being polite, about staying quiet and not causing problems. But respect is more than that. It is about recognizing the value in yourself, in others, and in the world around you. It is about understanding that how we treat people, the land, the water, and the animals reflects who we are.

There were times when I let people treat me in ways I did not deserve because I thought I had no choice. I thought that staying silent was easier than standing up for myself. But respect starts from within. It is knowing your worth, setting boundaries, and refusing to accept less than what you deserve. In our communities, respect is sometimes missing, and that hurts us more than we realize. But it also means we have the power to change that. When we listen with care, show kindness even when it is not expected, and protect the land as it protects us, we are showing respect. It is in these choices, big and small that we honour the sacred connection we share with each other and the world.

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EDMUND MORRIS Respect is recognizing the sacredness in yourself, others, and the land we reside on. It reminds me of how deeply everything is interconnected and how our actions affect those relationships. I feel respect in a way we honour the land and our ancestors, as we carry forward those teachings passed down to us by elders and knowledge keepers. When you practice respect, you take the time to truly listen to others, treat our traditional lands with care, and stay aware of how your actions affect those around you.

Finding respect for myself wasn’t easy in my life journey. There was a time when I struggled with severe alcohol use, and during that dark time, I disrespected myself and others around me. It wasn’t intentional, but the pain I carried made it hard to see the relationships I was breaking. As I began to heal, I slowly learned how important it was to honour my own life and those in my circle. The work of finding this self-respect has been a difficult journey, but it has helped me rebuild trust within myself and others, which was extremely important for my mental health and wellness. This practice helps us find balance in our relationships and within ourselves, and it gives us a sense of peace that carries us throughout life.

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RESPECT : THE BUFFALO

TWO-EYED SEEING Two-eyed seeing is a way to understand respect by blending Indigenous views and Western perspectives. In Mi’kmaq culture, respect is in relationships, how we care for one another, the land, and our communities. In Western views, respect often focuses on individuality and selfcare. Together, these views show that respect is both personal and collective. By practicing TwoEyed seeing, we learn to respect diversity and combine traditional and modern ways of thinking.

This perspective reminds us that respect is universal and adaptable.

RESPECT : THE BUFFALO

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AFFIRMATIONS FOR RESPECT

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REFLECT & WRITE* Reflect on a time when you felt deeply respected or when you showed respect to someone else. What did that experience teach you about yourself and your values? How can you practice respect more intentionally in your daily life?

* FEEL FREE TO DRAW IF YOU PREFER!

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COURAGE : THE BEAR

After respect and love, courage is the teaching that ignites our spirit and helps us face life’s challenges. Courage is about bravery, strength, and determination.

It’s what allows us to speak up for ourselves and others, step out of our comfort zones, and embrace the unknown.

In Mi’kmaq culture, the bear represents courage. The bear symbolizes strength and protection, reminding us to face our fears and stand strong in our beliefs.

Courage does not mean being fearless but rather acknowledging our fears and taking steps forward despite them. It is a fire in our hearts that helps us honour our roots, protect what is sacred, and create a better future for our communities.

THE BEAR: A SYMBOL OF COURAGE The bear is a symbol of courage in Mi’kmaq culture. Known for its strength and protective nature, the bear embodies bravery and resilience. When a bear defends its territory or its cubs, it teaches us about standing strong in the face of hardship. In our lives, the bear inspires us to protect our boundaries, advocate for what we believe in, and navigate challenges with determination. The bear’s courage reminds us to be strong when facing our fears, whether they are external obstacles or internal struggles.

COURAGE : THE BEAR

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MENTAL HEALTH & HEALING Courage is essential for mental health and healing. It gives us the strength to confront difficult emotions, seek support, and take steps toward wellness. Courage helps us push through moments of fear or uncertainty, building resilience along the way.

For many, courage begins with small acts, sharing our feelings with someone we trust, asking for help, or stepping outside our comfort zones. Each act of courage contributes to our growth and strengthens our ability to face life’s bigger challenges. Healing is not a straight path, but courage helps us move forward, even when the journey feels overwhelming.

COURAGE FROM ELDER THOMAS CHRISTMAS Elder Thomas shares that “Courage is represented by the bear. The female bear will defend its children, its cubs, against anybody. It will stand its ground against anybody. And the little bears give her the courage to do this, no matter who the enemy is, to stand up against. And we call the bear “Muin” because it’s a female bear that is more courageous than the male.”

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YOUTH PERSPECTIVES EDMUND MORRIS Courage is being brave, finding the strength to speak up for yourself and others, and stepping out of your comfort zone. It can look different for everyone.

Sometimes, it’s standing up for something you believe in, and other times, it’s just leaving your house when it feels impossible. I’ve learned that courage is the foundation of healing, especially when dealing with mental health challenges.

There was a time when I struggled deeply with suicidal thoughts, but opening up to my family and friends gave me the strength to reach out for help, where I then began therapy. Their support pulled me through those dark times, and I’m thankful for the bravery that helped me to take that first step toward healing.

It also took courage for me to come out as gay. At first, I thought that was my true identity, but over time, I realized I am Two-Spirited. Personally, being Two-Spirit is embracing both my masculinity and femininity. Most days, I feel masculine, but some days, I want to express my feminine side by doing my makeup. Accepting this part of myself has been a journey, and it overall brought me closer to my true identity and culture. Finding the courage to live authentically gave me a sense of freedom and self-love that I never thought was possible.

ALYSSIA CHRISTMAS Courage is doing something you are afraid of. My cousin, Rezny Dennis, is a perfect example. She recently won Miss Canada Petite 2024, despite her fears.

Watching her take that leap inspired me to think about how fear can limit us. We can’t live in fear all the time as it blocks us from so many achievements. I practice courage by voicing my opinions or concerns when needed, and it has made me a stronger person.

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JAYLYN MORRIS Courage is not about never being afraid. It is about feeling the fear and choosing to move forward anyway. It is about standing strong in who you are, even when the world tries to tell you otherwise. It is about speaking up, even when your voice shakes, and facing challenges with an open heart.

As Indigenous youth, we carry courage in our blood. We are here because our ancestors fought to survive. Courage is in the way we continue to speak our language, practice our traditions, and push for change, even when it feels like no one is listening. Courage is found in the small moments, too, like reaching out for help when we need it, admitting when we are struggling, and allowing ourselves to heal. It is not always about fighting. Sometimes, it is about knowing when to rest, when to lean on others, and when to trust that we are enough. When we embrace courage, we remind ourselves that we are capable, we are strong, and we are worthy of the future we dream of.

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TWO-EYED SEEING Courage can be understood differently through Indigenous and Western perspectives. In Mi’kmaq culture, courage is deeply tied to community and ancestral strength. It’s protecting what is sacred, standing up for justice, and embracing the teachings of our ancestors. Western perspectives often emphasize individual bravery and personal growth.

Through Two-eyed seeing, we learn that courage is both personal and collective.

From a Mi’kmaq lens, courage involves protecting culture, traditions, and the land. From a Western view, courage can mean taking risk to pursue individual goals or overcome challenges. Together, these perspectives show us that courage is a force that empowers us to grow, heal, and support one another.

COURAGE : THE BEAR

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AFFIRMATIONS FOR COURAGE

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COURAGE : THE BEAR

REFLECT & WRITE* Reflect on a time when you showed courage. What did you learn about yourself in that moment? How has courage helped you grow, and how can you use it to support others in your community?

* FEEL FREE TO DRAW IF YOU PREFER!

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WISDOM : THE BEAVER

Honesty teaches us to live truthfully, and wisdom builds on that by guiding us to use knowledge and experience to make thoughtful decisions. Wisdom is a teaching that grows over time, reflection, and the lessons we learn through life. It connects us to the past and prepares us for the future, encouraging balance and understanding.

In Mi’kmaq teachings, the beaver represents wisdom. The beaver works with patience and purpose, using its skills to build strong homes and communities. It reminds us that wisdom is not just knowing but also doing, putting our knowledge into practice. Wisdom helps us create harmony in our lives and communities, offering guidance when faced with challenges.

THE BEAVER: A SYMBOL OF WISDOM The beaver is a patient and hardworking animal, known for using its skills to build homes and damns that support the environment around it. Every action the beaver takes serves a purpose, teaching us to use what we know to create balance and stability. The beaver reminds us that wisdom comes through time and experience. Just like the beaver carefully chooses each branch and places it with intention, we must approach our decisions with thoughtfulness and care. By learning from the past and applying those lessons, we can strengthen our lives, just as the beaver strengthens its environment.

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MENTAL HEALTH & HEALING Practicing wisdom can bring peace to the mind and spirit. When we make choices with intention and balance, we reduce stress and avoid impulsive actions that could bring regret. Wisdom allows us to pause, reflect, and consider the impact of our decisions on ourselves and others. For many, wisdom is a source of healing.

By learning from past experiences, we find ways to navigate life’s challenges with more confidence and clarity. Seeking wisdom from elders or trusted mentors can also help us see situations from different perspectives, such as two-eyed seeing, which offers guidance and insight during difficult times. Wisdom strengthens our mental wellness by teaching us patience and thoughtful reflection.

WISDOM FROM ELDER THOMAS CHRISTMAS “And the last one, but not the least, is wisdom. Beaver “Kopit” and wisdom is something you can’t really teach. You have to go through life to understand what’s going on in your life and to respect other people, elder people, about their having the ability to be wise. Wisdom might take a few years to learn. But once you teach your child about everything – nature -- just affirmation. You have to affirm to them that this is necessary, to get wisdom. You teach your child to have respect for the forest, what it has for us, making splints, medicines… and as you get older, you get the wisdom, and you learn about.”

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YOUTH PERSPECTIVES EDMUND MORRIS Wisdom is making decisions based on knowledge and experience, using good judgment to create balance. It grows with time and reflection. Gaining wisdom isn’t easy, I’ve made many mistakes in my life, and there were times when I felt like those mistakes defined me. Over time, I’ve learned to see them differently.

Mistakes aren’t failures; they are lessons, and they guide us toward growth and understanding. In social work, I am learning about unlearning, learning, and relearning, and this has helped shape the perspective that each mistake taught me something about myself and the path I am on. I am unlearning my biases and judgement, learning to approach situations in a two-eyed perspective, and relearning my thought process.

Also, when you carry wisdom, you need to be aware that you don’t know it all. Not everything goes one way, as there are always multiple perspectives, such as twoeyed seeing, and it takes effort to learn that. Sometimes, we correct others, and sometimes, others correct us. I spoke to an elder once, and she said something that changed my perspective: “I learned something yesterday, and I wish I had known it when I was younger.” Her words showed me how we are all on a life journey, and we learn something new every day.

This lesson is present in every part of life, personally, academically, and professionally. For example, in a workplace, there may be times when your employer shuts you down and completely disregards your suggestion. It’s frustrating, and I’ve been there, but wisdom teaches you to advocate for all voices to be heard and to find an environment where our suggestions are valued. Dealing with these situations isn’t easy, but it helped me grow and find spaces where I could thrive. Wisdom grows when we take time to reflect and act with purpose, and it helps you navigate and have a sense of control in your life with confidence.

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JAYLYN MORRIS Wisdom is not something you wake up with one day. It is something you gather along the way. It is in the lessons we learn from our struggles, the guidance of our people, and the quiet moments when we truly listen. It is about knowing that we will never have all the answers but that every experience, good or bad, has something to teach us.

For me, wisdom is about remembering that we are always connected. It is knowing that the choices we make today will shape the world for those who come after us. Wisdom teaches us to slow down, to reflect, and to trust the journey, even when it does not make sense. It reminds us that knowledge is not just in books or classrooms but in our stories, our traditions, and our lived experiences. When we embrace wisdom, we learn to move with intention, to seek balance, and to make choices that honour who we are and where we come from. It allows us to navigate life with clarity, purpose, and a deep respect for the path that has been laid before us.

ALYSSIA CHRISTMAS Wisdom is something you gain as you grow. The best way I can describe it is to use an example. A lot of people praise artists for making art look easy, but it is a journey. There is so much you learn through every art piece, every new tool you collect, and every paint colour you try. These skills do not come naturally. They come with experience. That is how life works.

I practice this teaching every day by trying to learn new beadwork techniques and styles. When I first started to bead, I would get frustrated or impatient quickly.

Now I take every moment as a learning experience, and it has followed me into other areas of my life. Wisdom is about learning and growing, even when things feel difficult.

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TWO-EYED SEEING From a Mi’kmaq perspective, wisdom comes from listening to the teachings of our elders, honouring our experiences, and understanding the balance of all life.

This includes learning from the land we reside on and the stories that connect us to our ancestors. The Western perspective often focuses on gaining knowledge through education, analysis, and critical thinking. Both views are valuable. Twoeyed seeing teaches us to honour the wisdom within ourselves and the wisdom of others. It shows us that wisdom is not limited to one way of knowing as it exists in the balance between reflection and action.

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AFFIRMATIONS FOR WISDOM

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REFLECT & WRITE* Reflect on a time when you gained wisdom from an experience or from someone in your life. What did you learn, and how has that wisdom helped you navigate other challenges or decisions?

* FEEL FREE TO DRAW IF YOU PREFER!

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As we close the book, we honour the journey we’ve shared through the 7 Sacred Teachings. Our hearts remain open, our spirits are uplifted, and our minds have grown with the love, honesty, truth, humility, respect, courage, and the wisdom we’ve learned together. These teachings are more than just words; they are the ways we live every day, helping us heal and keeping us connected to our ancestors, our land, and our community.

FINAL YOUTH PERSPECTIVES ALYSSIA CHRISTMAS I honestly feel an indefinite amount of gratitude towards this journey that we have all been taking together. 2024 was a very challenging year, but I truly had this project to look forward to. I feel inspired to keep pushing through any challenges that may come my way. This book is not only very meaningful to myself, but I hope that it will be life-changing to other people, especially our community Eskasoni. Resilience is something we have adapted to time and time again and is what will keep traditions alive. It’s important to do projects on the limited resources we have, in order to immortalize the culture. My ultimate goal with this book is for others to feel inspired to learn more about Indigenous cultures. I truly love that it is a guide for how to follow the sacred teachings. We can always ground ourselves by referring back to this book and I think that is very important.

I have such a different outlook on life and my beliefs. Thank you to everyone who helped us along the journey of creating this book.

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JAYLYN MORRIS When we started this project, I did not realize how much it would mean to me.

Writing this book helped me reconnect with teachings I carry with me every day.

The Seven Sacred Teachings have always been there, but working on this made me realize how much they guide me, especially in my journey to become a social worker.

I remember one day in class, we were asked what our core values were as future social workers. Everyone said words like respect and honesty, and right away, I thought of the Seven Sacred Teachings. These teachings are the foundation of how I want to show up for others, as a social worker and as a Mi’kmaw woman.

And I am not perfect. I make mistakes almost every day. But these teachings remind me that mistakes are part of learning. Whether it is choosing honesty when it is hard or showing humility when I am wrong, the teachings are always there to help me grow.

I hope this book reminds others that it is okay to be vulnerable. It is okay to feel lost sometimes. But you are never alone, even when it feels like it. There are people who want to help, especially our own people. And if reaching out is too hard, that is okay too. Make it a goal when you are ready. Journaling can help. If you feel unheard, write it all down and burn the page. Let the smoke carry your words to our ancestors above. They are always listening.

This book has been a powerful experience for me. It reminded me who I am and who I want to be — someone who listens, learns, and stays rooted in these teachings, just like our ancestors taught us.

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EDMUND MORRIS Growing up, I often felt out of place in a world that valued Western ideas of beauty and worth. As a plus-size, Two-Spirit L’nu, I struggle to see myself clearly. But over time, I learned to embrace my true self by honouring my past and listening to the wisdom of my ancestors. Being honest with myself meant facing challenges head-on. I had to look deeply into my heart, accept my pain, and also see my strength. This journey was not easy, but it brought me peace. I learned that my story is part of a larger story. The story of resilience, community, and hope that has been passed down through generations.

Now, as I work in social work, these lessons guide me every day. I strive to support our community by caring for each person’s story, just as the land cares for every living thing. I have come to see that every small step I take helps build a stronger, kinder future for us all.

To anyone reading these words, I say: embrace your truth, even when the path is rough. Trust that your ancestors walk beside you. Let your journey, with all of its challenges and celebrations, remind you of the strength within you. Continue to learn, heal, and support one another. In doing so, we keep our traditions alive and build a future full of hope and balance. Walk gently, speak honestly, and know that you are never alone.

PARTING REFLECTIONS

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FINAL THOUGHTS ON TWO-EYED SEEING AND THE SACRED TEACHINGS We see our world through the concept of Two-Eyed Seeing, using both our Indigenous ways and Western ways. This balance teaches us that learning never stops and that every day brings new chances to grow, share, and understand more deeply.

The 7 Sacred Teachings are a reminder of who we are and where we come from.

Each teachings is a guide on our path, showing us how to live in balance and harmony with everything around us. From the eagle’s way of caring deeply for others to the beaver’s quiet persistence in building and learning, every symbol has its own story and lesson.

HERE’S WHAT EACH ONE BRINGS TO OUR LIVES: LOVE : THE EAGLE

Love teaches us to care for one another, to share kindness and keep our hearts open.

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ADD YOUR OWN FINAL THOUGHTS ON THE SACRED TEACHINGS!

HONESTY : THE SABLE/SASQUATCH

Honesty guides us to speak and act with truth, helping us build trust.

TRUTH: THE TURTLE

Truth helps us live by our values, making sure our actions match who we really are.

HUMILITY: THE WOLF

Humility reminds us to walk gently, listen to others, and know that no one is above anyone else.

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RESPECT: THE BUFFALO

Respect shows us to honour all living things; the people, the animals, and the land.

COURAGE : THE BEAR

Courage gives us strength to face our fears, stand up for what matters, and take small steps even when the path seems hard.

THE BEAVER : WISDOM

Wisdom grows with our experiences, teaching us to learn from the past and think carefully about the future.

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PARTING REFLECTIONS

CALL TO ACTION We invite you to take these teachings into your own life and community. Think about how you can care for yourself and others, find small ways to show kindness and care in your daily actions. Stand up for what you believe in, use your voice to speak out and make a difference, even if it starts with one small step. Learn from your elders and the land, listen to the stories of who came before you and let the land teach you about balance and resilience. And finally, share what you have learned because every lesson you learn is a gift. By sharing these lessons, you help keep our traditions strong and support the healing of our community.

Each small action you take helps build a stronger community. Living these teachings keeps our traditions alive and reminds us that healing is a journey everyone is on together. When we care for ourselves and our neighbours, we create a ripple effect that brings more balance and strength to our world.

WORDS OF ENCOURAGEMENT May you always walk with the strength of our ancestors guiding your steps. Keep learning, unlearning, relearning, and growing in your own way, knowing that every experience shapes you and brings you close to a balanced and healthy life.

Remember, your journey is important; every step you take and every challenge you overcome, builds a future full of hope and possibility. Let these teachings inspire you to live with heart and purpose, to be gentle with yourself, and to keep the spirit of our people strong every day.

Always remember that your path is unique and precious. As you continue forward, know that you are never alone. Take these lessons into your life, let them guide your choices, and share them with those around you. In doing so, you help create a brighter future for us all. A future built on balance and the wisdom of our ancestors.

PARTING REFLECTIONS

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ESKASONI MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS LINE Offers culturally informed crisis intervention and support for folks in Eskasoni.

LOCAL ( 24/7)

902-379-2099

TOLL-FREE ( 24/7)

1-855-379-2099

NATIONAL INDIGENOUS-SPECIFIC HELPLINES HOPE FOR WELLNESS HELPLINE Offers crisis intervention and counseling for all Indigenous peoples across Canada, available in English, French, Cree, Ojibway (Anishinaabemowin), and Inuktitut.

PHONE ( TOLL-FREE, 24/7) ONLINE CHAT

1-855-242-3310 WWW.HOPEFORWELLNESS.CA

NATIONAL INDIAN RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL CRISIS LINE Provides support for anyone experiencing distress related to residential schools. Trained counselors offer emotional support and referrals.

PHONE ( TOLL-FREE, 24/7) 79

1-866-925-4419

REGIONAL INDIGENOUSSPECIFIC HELPLINES & SERVICES TALK4HEALING (ONTARIO) A confidential, culturally grounded helpline for Indigenous women, providing counseling, information, and referrals in 14 languages.

PHONE ( TOLL-FREE, 24/7) ONLINE CHAT/ TEXT

1-855-554-HEAL (4325) WWW.TALK4HEALING.COM

TSOW-TUN LE LUM SOCIETY (BRITISH COLUMBIA) Offers emotional and crisis support for survivors of trauma, including residential schools, family violence, and substance misuse.

PHONE ( TOLL-FREE, DAILY, 8AM-8PM PT)

1-888-403-3123

INDIGENOUS MOBILE CRISIS RESPONSE TEAM (MANITOBA) Provides immediate mental health counseling and crisis response for First Nations communities in Manitoba.

PHONE ( TOLL-FREE, 24/7)

1-844-264-2993

KUU-US CRISIS LINE SOCIETY (BRITISH COLUMBIA) Indigenous-specific crisis line and support services available 24/7.

PHONE ( TOLL-FREE, 24/7)

1-800-588-8717

ADULT/ELDER CRISIS LINE

250-723-4050

CHILD/ YOUTH CRISIS LINE

250-723-2040 80

NON-INDIGENOUS SPECIFIC, BUT INDIGENOUS-INFORMED RESOURCES KIDS HELP PHONE (NATIONWIDE, YOUTH-FOCUSED) While not exclusively Indigenous-focused, Kids Help Phone collaborates with Indigenous partners and offers culturally relevant resources for Indigenous youth.

PHONE ( 24/7)

1-800-668-6868

TEXT

TEXT “CONNECT” TO 686868

ONLINE CHAT & RESOURCES

WWW. KIDSHELPPHONE.CA

SUPPORTIVE PRACTICES • • • •

Reading and Books Journaling Land-Based Healing Reaching Out to Elders and Spiritual /Knowledge Keepers • Storytelling and Oral Traditions • Arts and Crafts • Music and Drumming

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SUPPORT RESOURCES

• Meditation and Mindfulness • Physical Activity and Traditional Practices • Ceremonies and Rituals • Community Support and Talking Circles • Healthy Eating • Connection with Animals • Professional Counseling or Therapy

SACRED PATHS WAS MADE POSSIBLE WITH THE SUPPORT OF