Christmas, A., Morris, E., Morris, J. (2025) Sacred Paths: Healing through the Seven Sacred Teachings. Pathways2Equity, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. ISBN 978-1-4873-0005-0
REFLECT & WRITE*
Capture some thoughts inspired by these questions: Whose land are you on? What steps can you take to show gratitude for the opportunity to live on this land and receive all that it offers you? What do you know about the history of this land and its people? How do you benefit from this land through the gifts it offers you in being healthy?
* FEEL FREE TO DRAW IF YOU PREFER!
Kwe’(Hello) P’jilas’I (Welcome) to our Mi’kmaq Affirmation book. Our motivation for the book came from a conference in PEI (the Atlantic Summer Institute for Healthy and Safe Communities) we attended in 2023. During a workshop on upstream mental health promotion, we had the idea of creating a book that benefits Indigenous youth, talking about mental health, wellness, and intergenerational trauma. We all have lived experiences of mental health challenges and trauma in our community, and our goal was to create
a book to support our community. Our book centres on the 7 Sacred Teachings, the Mi’kmaq cultural principles that guide individuals to heal and lead healthy lives. We included the use of affirmations so that individuals can remind themselves of their strength and bravery as they work toward mental health and wellness. Creating this book took many months of meetings, back and forth ideas, and research. The three of us shared this journey, growing along the way!
We are three Mi’kmaq youth from We’kwistoqnik’ (Eskasoni First Nation), the land of the fir trees, located in Unama’ki (Cape Breton), the land of the fog, one of the seven districts of Mi’kma’ki - the ancestral and unceded land of the Mi’kmaq people. Eskasoni, or We’kwistoqnik’ in Mi’kmaq, means “where the fir trees are plentiful,” which perfectly describes our community that is surrounded by many trees. With a population of 5,000+, Eskasoni is the largest Mi’kmaq community in the world. We each bring distinct perspectives to this project.
EDMUND MORRIS
Ni’n telu’wisi (My name is) Edmund Morris. Growing up in We’kwistoqnik’ (Eskasoni), I have always felt connected to the land. It has shaped who I am and taught me about resilience, community, and respect. When I reflect on my family history, I see how it is connected to the shared experiences of my people. My family has been deeply impacted by colonial policies. Some of my relatives attended residential school and Indian day school. My family was also affected by the Centralization Policy of 1942, which forced Mi’kmaq families like mine to relocate to Eskasoni. These experiences continue to echo through generations. Even with these challenges, my family showed strength and kept their cultural pride alive. This resilience is a big part of who I am.
To get to know myself and my background better, I am a crisis support worker at Eskasoni Mental Health Services, and I am also an Eskasoni youth researcher. I graduated from Cape Breton University in 2024 with an undergraduate degree in Mi’kmaq Studies. I am enrolled in the same institution’s Bachelor of Social Work program, set to graduate in May 2026. My family history and connection to land guide me in my personal and professional life and will be important in my work as a social worker. The land reminds me to approach social work with humility and to focus on relationships and healing, not just for individuals but for communities as a whole. By knowing my history and understanding my identity, I can work toward social work that supports Indigenous communities and respects their resilience and culture.
JAYLYN MORRIS
Ni’n teluisi Jaylyn Morris, a 23-year-old Mi’kmaw woman from Eskasoni First Nation in Unama’ki. I’m the daughter of Edmund (Jay) Morris and Margaret Jayne Knockwood, and the sister of Edmund Morris III. Growing up in Eskasoni has shaped who I am and the path I’ve chosen.
Currently, I work part-time as a Crisis Support Worker at Eskasoni Mental Health Services and collaborate with researchers at Dalhousie and McGill Universities on youth-focused projects. In the spring of 2024, I graduated from Cape Breton University with a Bachelor of Arts in Mi’kmaq Studies. This September, I began
the Bachelor of Social Work program at Cape Breton University, aiming to graduate in the spring of 2026.
My journey into social work has been deeply shaped by my community. I focus on cultural sensitivity and finding solutions that honour our Mi’kmaw values. My connection to the land keeps me grounded and reminds me that we must care for both each individual and our entire community. As I continue on this path, I have learned that we are always in a cycle of learning, unlearning, and relearning as we let go of what no longer helps us and open ourselves to new ideas. By carrying the strength and resilience of my ancestors, I ensure their teachings guide me forward with honesty, kindness, and respect.
ALYSSIA CHRISTMAS
Ni’n teluisi Alyssia Christmas and I am 23 years old. I am two-spirit, so I go by any pronouns (she/they/he). I was born and raised in Unama’ki. I was raised by a single mother, so I learned a lot of lessons about life early on. My maternal grandparents, Thomas Christmas and the late Marlene Dennis, both attended Indian Day Schools. I witnessed a lot of strength and resilience growing up. An example is hearing stories about my granddad Tom’s childhood and how he would go fishing every day as a kid to feed his family. It is a well-known fact that the kids who attended Indian Day Schools experienced multiple forms of abuse. My maternal grandparents survived it. My mother was equally as strong as her parents. She started working young to support us both, so I always admired her determination and hard work. It has led me to become the person I am today.
I was 15 when I began a journey as an Eskasoni youth researcher. Community work has always been my favourite, whether it was volunteering or participating in “Our Eskasoni” gatherings. I found a purpose through my research work. I currently work for Eskasoni Mental Health at the Eskasoni Access Youth Space as a Youth Support Worker. I understand that our youth are our future leaders, so I’m very proud of the work I do in encouraging the youth of Eskasoni.
Elder Tom taught us that the 7 sacred teachings were adapted from the teachings of other Indigenous tribes located on Turtle Island. Our people adopted them and follow them as a guide for our own spirituality. These teachings can be used to help our people with a constant and concrete form of praying and guidance. Consistency is very important for a positive lifestyle. These teachings help our people to focus on their spiritual beliefs and, again, to guide them on their journey to health. These teachings help our people see how important their spirituality is to their own well-being and to future generations. These teachings are the tip of the knowledge iceberg, so to speak, and they can spark the desire to learn more about ourselves and our peoples.
Elder Tom reminded us of the events that have inflicted trauma on our peoples and our communities. These experiences are rooted in colonialism and continuing structural and systemic factors that ensure our social, economic and political marginalization. The most recognized inter-generational trauma is the negative experiences that most of our own people went through in the Indian Day Schools and the Indian Residential Schools. These events and factors have resulted in our people experiencing personal trauma and intergenerational trauma. Intergenerational trauma is like a disease that is passed down through our genetics – we didn’t actually live the traumatic experience, but it was passed down to us through our genes. It is also passed down through the practices our ancestors were taught through these experiences and our attempts at dealing with the pain of this trauma and our life experiences.
JAYLYN MORRIS
Love is what carries us through, even when we feel like we have nothing left. It is in the way we take care of each other, in the moments when we feel lost, but someone reminds us we are not alone. Love is not just in big gestures. It is in the small things, like checking in on a friend who has been quiet, making sure everyone feels included, or offering a comforting presence when words are not needed.
For us, as L’nu (Mi’kmaq), love is a responsibility. It is in the way we show up for our families, our communities, and ourselves. It is in the way we protect our teachings and languages, even when we were told they did not matter. Love is what kept our ancestors strong, what carried them through hardship, and what still connects us to them today. I think about my family and friends, how they express love through the meals they prepare, the stories they share, and the way they make sure we always have what we need. Love is not just something we feel. It is something we do. It strengthens our spirits, helps us heal, and reminds us that we are worthy of kindness and care.
EDMUND MORRIS
Love is feeling free with yourself and others. It’s a deep connection that supports your mental, spiritual, and emotional well-being. In our Mi’kmaq culture, love is shown through how we care for one another, we help those in need and celebrate each other’s successes. Love is part of who we are as a Mi’kmaq people, reminding us that we are never alone.
For me, finding love for myself was difficult. Growing up as a plus-size, two-spirit, and Mi’kmaq person in a colonial world, I often felt out of place. Westernized ideas of beauty and worth made it hard to see myself clearly, and I struggled to feel like I belonged. There were times when I questioned my values, especially when faced with stereotypes and pressure to conform to what others thought I should be. Learning to love myself meant letting go of those colonial views and embracing who I truly am, a proud two-spirited L’nu.
My community was a big part of my healing. Sharing meals at friends’ houses, attending community events, and being with my fellow Mi’kmaq people helped me understand that love does not come from fitting into a Westernized world. Love comes from honouring who you are and embracing your identity from the guidance of our ancestors. They remind us that our spirits are valid and meaningful, even when the world tries to tell us otherwise. Loving yourself is trusting that your ancestors walk with you on your mental health and wellness journey, as they offer guidance and strength as you move through life.
ALYSSIA CHRISTMAS
To me, love reflects the Creator’s connection to us. The Creator loved everything so much that humans were added to the earth. We carry that love with us every day. It’s important to show love to ourselves and others to honour the Creator’s love. I practice this teaching by visiting my family, caring for my body, and learning my love language. As Mi’kmaq people, we’ve endured so much intergenerational trauma, and learning to love is a vital part of healing. Through love, we strengthen ourselves and break cycles of pain.
TWO-EYED SEEING
Two-eyed seeing helps us understand love from both Indigenous and Western perspectives. In Mi’kmaq teachings, love is about relationships, our bond with the Creator, land, and each other. From a Western lens, love often focuses on self-
* FEEL FREE TO DRAW IF YOU PREFER! LOVE : THE EAGLE
Honesty strengthens our spirits and guides our journey. Courage helps us face fears, and honesty allows us to live truthfully. Honesty means being open and sincere in actions and words. Living honestly builds trust, fosters self-respect, and nurtures meaningful relationships.
In Mi’kmaq teachings, honesty is represented by the Sabe, or Sasquatch. The Sasquatch walks tall and proud, living authentically and reminding us to do the same. Honesty involves being real with ourselves and others, even when the truth is hard to share. Being truthful allows us to see clearly and stay grounded in our values. By living honestly, we honour our responsibilities to ourselves, our families, and our communities. This teaching also strengthens our connection to the land and the wisdom of our ancestors, guiding us to walk a path of clarity and integrity.
THE SABE: A SYMBOL OF HONESTY
The Sabe symbolizes honesty in Mi’kmaq culture and represents living with integrity, standing tall in truth, and embodying authenticity. The Sabe teaches us to be truthful in our relationships with others and with ourselves. Living honestly builds trust, honours our values, and connects us to the teachings of our ancestors.
The Sabe also reminds us that honesty requires courage and self-awareness. Speaking the truth is not always easy, but it is essential for creating harmony and understanding. By living authentically, we align with our inner truth and create stronger bonds with the people and the land around us. The Sabe inspires us to reflect on our actions and ensure they come from a place of respect and sincerity. HONESTY : THE SABE /
MENTAL HEALTH & HEALING
Honesty plays a crucial role in mental health and healing. Living dishonestly, whether by hiding feelings or avoiding the truth, creates inner conflict and stress. Honesty helps release the burdens of unspoken truth and unresolved emotions, allowing our minds and hearts to heal. Honesty begins with self-reflection. Being truthful with ourselves about feelings, struggles, and needs is the first step toward emotional and mental wellness. Honesty helps us face challenges, communicate openly, and build stronger connections. Living truthfully fosters
Elder Thomas explains that “teaching the child honesty that’s very easy to do after a child is born when they’re young because children naturally don’t know how to lie. If they lie, they learned it from somebody else. It could be a non-family member or a family member who is old enough to lie. You teach your child to do things, right? You don’t teach them to be anything else but honest, and that’s represented by Sasquatch.”
JAYLYN MORRIS
Honesty means being real with yourself, with others, and with the world around you. It is easy to pretend things are fine, to say what people want to hear or to hide the parts of yourself that feel too heavy to share. But real honesty is not about saying what is easiest. It is about standing in your truth, even when it is hard.
Growing up, I struggled with being honest about how I felt. I thought I had to be strong, that asking for help meant I was weak. But I have learned that honesty is not a weakness. It is one of the strongest things we can practice. It is in admitting when we need support, in speaking up when something does not feel right, and in carrying ourselves with integrity even when no one is watching. As L’nu, honesty has always been part of who we are. Our people have carried their truths, even when others tried to erase them. When we live with honesty, we create spaces where others feel safe to be themselves, and we remind each other that we do not have to carry our burdens alone.
ALYSSIA CHRISTMAS
Honesty means living without lying. Creating without lying. Being honest with yourself and others. I practice honesty by being open about my feelings and experiences and sharing what I go through. Since being diagnosed with C-PTSD, I’ve been able to recognize my emotions and slowly start to be more honest about my struggles. This honesty has helped me get out of episodes quicker and feel more in control of my healing journey.
EDMUND MORRIS
Honesty begins with being truthful with yourself. It is taking the time to reflect on parts of yourself that you may not fully understand. For me, self-honesty was one of the hardest but most important parts of my healing journey. I had to accept my traumas and work on them in therapy. I had to tell myself, “This is what I went through, and I cannot change that.” It was difficult, and it broke me in ways I wasn’t ready for. But it also gave me peace. Accepting my traumas helped me move forward, and I won’t let them break me again.
When I became more honest with myself, it became easier to be truthful with my family, friends, and others. In Mi’kmaq culture, lying to or about someone is deeply disrespectful, and I carry this teaching with me. Clear communication shows respect, and honesty builds trust in relationships. Being honest also improves mental wellness. When we carry the lies of unspoken truths, it creates an internal burden. Letting go of that burden reduces the heavy weight of stress and inner conflict, it creates a life that feels more authentic and peaceful.
Together, these views teach that honesty is relational and personal. It involves living truthfully in a way that strengthens connections and honours values. Integrating these perspectives allows us to navigate life with authenticity, trust, and respect.
HONESTY : THE SABE / SASQUATCH
REFLECT & WRITE*
Think about a time when you were completely honest, even when it was difficult. How did it affect you and those around you? How can practicing honesty help you strengthen your relationships and honour your true self?
* FEEL FREE TO DRAW IF YOU PREFER!
MENTAL HEALTH & HEALING
Living in truth is a path to healing and clarity. When we accept the truth of our experiences, thoughts, and emotions, we create space for growth and understanding. Truth helps us face challenges without avoiding or hiding from them. By being true to ourselves, we can move forward with more confidence and peace.
For those living with trauma or mental health struggles, truth is a powerful tool. It reminds us that the past does not define us and that we live fully in the present. By acknowledging the truth or where we have been, we can also trust where we are going. Truth strengthens our mental wellness by helping us let go of shame and fear, creating space for healing and self-acceptance.
TRUTH FROM ELDER THOMAS CHRISTMAS
Elder Thomas explains that “the animal that stands for truth is the turtle, because the turtle doesn’t waver from his or her path. When turtles go to lay their eggs, they’re just focused on finding a good spot to lay their eggs. The Turtle represents truth. Truth in Mik’maw is Ke’ Talawoqn, to speak the truth; nothing is gained by telling a lie. Nothing.”
EDMUND MORRIS
Truth, to me, means living in line with my values and beliefs. Being genuine, honest, and true to who I am. As a L’nu, I’ve grown to understand that truth isn’t just a word, it’s a way of life, a tradition handed down by my ancestors. I truly learned what truth meant when I embraced my identity as a Two-Spirit man. For a long time, fear kept me from living my authentic self, but once I chose to honour my truth, I found freedom and happiness that changed everything.
Practicing truth begins with taking time to look within. I check in with myself, asking if my actions really reflect the values I hold. Living truthfully means setting personal goals that honour who I am and what I stand for as a L’nu. By living in truth, I carry forward the strength of my ancestors and the spirit of our people.
ALYSSIA CHRISTMAS
The best way for me to describe truth is allowing the river to flow. Life is a river. We don’t manipulate or try to change the river’s path. Truth is accepting life as it is and learning to flow with it. There’s a difference between truth and honesty. You can be honest, but that doesn’t mean everyone will trust you. Trust is deeper.
I practice truth every day by reminding myself that my past traumas are in the past. I am safe now. This has helped me get out of a C-PTSD episode faster. Living in truth gives me peace and helps me trust myself and the world around me.
TWO-EYED SEEING
In Mi’kmaq teachings, truth is often about knowledge and evidence. It encourages clarity through reflection, honesty, and accountability. Together, these views show us that truth is both personal and collective. It is found in how we live and how we honour our values. Two-eyed seeing teaches us that living truthfully brings harmony to our lives. It helps us stay grounded in our identity while staying open to learning from others. Truth is not just what we say, it is what we do and how we live every day.
REFLECT & WRITE*
Reflect on a moment when you embraced your truth. How did it feel to live authentically in that moment? What lessons did it teach you about yourself, and how can you carry those lessons into your daily life?
* FEEL FREE TO DRAW IF YOU PREFER!
TWO-EYED SEEING
In Mi’kmaq teachings, humility is shown through the recognition of balance. Knowing your place within the circle and understanding that everything is connected, from the land to the animals, to our communities. Indigenous teachings encourage us to walk humbly, honouring the contributions of others and living in gratitude. Western views often focus on humility as a way to foster personal growth and self-awareness, such as reflecting on your actions and recognizing your limitations. Both perspectives teach us that humility creates balance in life, it allows us to grow without letting pride or ego stand in the way. By blending both perspectives, we learnt that humility brings strength and connection. It shows us that true growth comes from recognizing the value of others and staying grounded in who we are.
HUMILITY : THE WOLF
HUMILITY : THE WOLF
REFLECT & WRITE*
Think of someone in your life who taught you about humility. What did they show you, and how has it shaped the way you treat others and yourself? How can you practice humility in your daily life to create stronger connections with those around you?
* FEEL FREE TO DRAW IF YOU PREFER!
Respect is a key part of Mi’kmaq culture and teachings. It connects us to each other, our ancestors, and the natural world. Respect means honouring the dignity of all living beings, the land, and ourselves. It is something we show through our actions, words, and intentions.
The buffalo, or “Ta’sipu,” is an animal connected to respect. For generations, the buffalo has stood out for sacrifice and provision, giving everything to sustain communities. Every part of the buffalo was used with gratitude and care. The buffalo teaches us to give back and live in harmony with the world. Respect is mutual, what we give, we receive in return.
Respect also requires balance, respecting ourselves and others equally. It reminds us that we are not alone, we are part of a larger whole. When we practice respect, we build stronger relationships, take care of ourselves, and honour the traditions passed down to us.
THE BUFFALO: A SYMBOL OF RESPECT
The buffalo, a sacred and strong animal, represents respect in many Mi’kmaq teachings. Known for its strength, endurance, and generosity, the buffalo provided everything the people needed, food, clothing, shelter, and tools. In return, the buffalo was treated with deep respect. The buffalo teaches us about the connections between all living things. True respect is not one-sided, it is a mutual exchange of care, gratitude, and responsibility. In Mi’kmaq culture, this respect goes beyond the individual to include the community, the land, and the Creator. By learning from the buffalo, we can approach life with more respect.
RESPECT : THE BUFFALO
sacred connection we share with each other and the world.
TWO-EYED SEEING
Two-eyed seeing is a way to understand respect by blending Indigenous views and Western perspectives. In Mi’kmaq culture, respect is in relationships, how we care for one another, the land, and our communities. In Western views, respect often focuses on individuality and selfcare. Together, these views show that respect is both personal and collective. By practicing TwoEyed seeing, we learn to respect diversity and combine traditional and modern ways of thinking. This perspective reminds us that respect is universal and adaptable.
REFLECT & WRITE*
Reflect on a time when you felt deeply respected or when you showed respect to someone else. What did that experience teach you about yourself and your values? How can you practice respect more intentionally in your daily life?
* FEEL FREE TO DRAW IF YOU PREFER!
COURAGE : THE BEAR
After respect and love, courage is the teaching that ignites our spirit and helps us face life’s challenges. Courage is about bravery, strength, and determination. It’s what allows us to speak up for ourselves and others, step out of our comfort zones, and embrace the unknown.
In Mi’kmaq culture, the bear represents courage. The bear symbolizes strength and protection, reminding us to face our fears and stand strong in our beliefs. Courage does not mean being fearless but rather acknowledging our fears and taking steps forward despite them. It is a fire in our hearts that helps us honour our roots, protect what is sacred, and create a better future for our communities.
THE BEAR: A SYMBOL OF COURAGE
The bear is a symbol of courage in Mi’kmaq culture. Known for its strength and protective nature, the bear embodies bravery and resilience. When a bear defends its territory or its cubs, it teaches us about standing strong in the face of hardship. In our lives, the bear inspires us to protect our boundaries, advocate for what we believe in, and navigate challenges with determination. The bear’s courage reminds us to be strong when facing our fears, whether they are external obstacles or internal struggles.
COURAGE : THE BEAR
YOUTH PERSPECTIVES
EDMUND MORRIS
Courage is being brave, finding the strength to speak up for yourself and others, and stepping out of your comfort zone. It can look different for everyone. Sometimes, it’s standing up for something you believe in, and other times, it’s just leaving your house when it feels impossible. I’ve learned that courage is the foundation of healing, especially when dealing with mental health challenges. There was a time when I struggled deeply with suicidal thoughts, but opening up to my family and friends gave me the strength to reach out for help, where I then began therapy. Their support pulled me through those dark times, and I’m thankful for the bravery that helped me to take that first step toward healing.
It also took courage for me to come out as gay. At first, I thought that was my true identity, but over time, I realized I am Two-Spirited. Personally, being Two-Spirit is embracing both my masculinity and femininity. Most days, I feel masculine, but some days, I want to express my feminine side by doing my makeup. Accepting this part of myself has been a journey, and it overall brought me closer to my true identity and culture. Finding the courage to live authentically gave me a sense of freedom and self-love that I never thought was possible.
ALYSSIA CHRISTMAS
Courage is doing something you are afraid of. My cousin, Rezny Dennis, is a perfect example. She recently won Miss Canada Petite 2024, despite her fears. Watching her take that leap inspired me to think about how fear can limit us. We can’t live in fear all the time as it blocks us from so many achievements. I practice courage by voicing my opinions or concerns when needed, and it has made me a stronger person.
Through Two-eyed seeing, we learn that courage is both personal and collective. From a Mi’kmaq lens, courage involves protecting culture, traditions, and the land. From a Western view, courage can mean taking risk to pursue individual goals or overcome challenges. Together, these perspectives show us that courage is a force that empowers us to grow, heal, and support one another.
COURAGE : THE BEAR
COURAGE : THE BEAR
REFLECT & WRITE*
Reflect on a time when you showed courage. What did you learn about yourself in that moment? How has courage helped you grow, and how can you use it to support others in your community?
* FEEL FREE TO DRAW IF YOU PREFER!
COURAGE : THE BEAR
Honesty teaches us to live truthfully, and wisdom builds on that by guiding us to use knowledge and experience to make thoughtful decisions. Wisdom is a teaching that grows over time, reflection, and the lessons we learn through life. It connects us to the past and prepares us for the future, encouraging balance and understanding.
In Mi’kmaq teachings, the beaver represents wisdom. The beaver works with patience and purpose, using its skills to build strong homes and communities. It reminds us that wisdom is not just knowing but also doing, putting our knowledge into practice. Wisdom helps us create harmony in our lives and communities, offering guidance when faced with challenges.
THE BEAVER: A SYMBOL OF WISDOM
The beaver is a patient and hardworking animal, known for using its skills to build homes and damns that support the environment around it. Every action the beaver takes serves a purpose, teaching us to use what we know to create balance and stability. The beaver reminds us that wisdom comes through time and experience. Just like the beaver carefully chooses each branch and places it with intention, we must approach our decisions with thoughtfulness and care. By learning from the past and applying those lessons, we can strengthen our lives, just as the beaver strengthens its environment.
WISDOM : THE BEAVER
YOUTH PERSPECTIVES
EDMUND MORRIS
Wisdom is making decisions based on knowledge and experience, using good judgment to create balance. It grows with time and reflection. Gaining wisdom isn’t easy, I’ve made many mistakes in my life, and there were times when I felt like those mistakes defined me. Over time, I’ve learned to see them differently. Mistakes aren’t failures; they are lessons, and they guide us toward growth and understanding. In social work, I am learning about unlearning, learning, and relearning, and this has helped shape the perspective that each mistake taught me something about myself and the path I am on. I am unlearning my biases and judgement, learning to approach situations in a two-eyed perspective, and relearning my thought process.
Also, when you carry wisdom, you need to be aware that you don’t know it all. Not everything goes one way, as there are always multiple perspectives, such as twoeyed seeing, and it takes effort to learn that. Sometimes, we correct others, and sometimes, others correct us. I spoke to an elder once, and she said something that changed my perspective: “I learned something yesterday, and I wish I had known it when I was younger.” Her words showed me how we are all on a life journey, and we learn something new every day.
This lesson is present in every part of life, personally, academically, and professionally. For example, in a workplace, there may be times when your employer shuts you down and completely disregards your suggestion. It’s frustrating, and I’ve been there, but wisdom teaches you to advocate for all voices to be heard and to find an environment where our suggestions are valued. Dealing with these situations isn’t easy, but it helped me grow and find spaces where I could thrive. Wisdom grows when we take time to reflect and act with purpose, and it helps you navigate and have a sense of control in your life with confidence.
JAYLYN MORRIS
Wisdom is not something you wake up with one day. It is something you gather along the way. It is in the lessons we learn from our struggles, the guidance of our people, and the quiet moments when we truly listen. It is about knowing that we will never have all the answers but that every experience, good or bad, has something to teach us.
For me, wisdom is about remembering that we are always connected. It is knowing that the choices we make today will shape the world for those who come after us. Wisdom teaches us to slow down, to reflect, and to trust the journey, even when it does not make sense. It reminds us that knowledge is not just in books or classrooms but in our stories, our traditions, and our lived experiences. When we embrace wisdom, we learn to move with intention, to seek balance, and to make choices that honour who we are and where we come from. It allows us to navigate life with clarity, purpose, and a deep respect for the path that has been laid before us.
ALYSSIA CHRISTMAS
Wisdom is something you gain as you grow. The best way I can describe it is to use an example. A lot of people praise artists for making art look easy, but it is a journey. There is so much you learn through every art piece, every new tool you collect, and every paint colour you try. These skills do not come naturally. They come with experience. That is how life works.
I practice this teaching every day by trying to learn new beadwork techniques and styles. When I first started to bead, I would get frustrated or impatient quickly. Now I take every moment as a learning experience, and it has followed me into other areas of my life. Wisdom is about learning and growing, even when things feel difficult.
WISDOM :
REFLECT & WRITE*
Reflect on a time when you gained wisdom from an experience or from someone in your life. What did you learn, and how has that wisdom helped you navigate other challenges or decisions?
* FEEL FREE TO DRAW IF YOU PREFER! WISDOM : THE BEAVER
As we close the book, we honour the journey we’ve shared through the 7 Sacred Teachings. Our hearts remain open, our spirits are uplifted, and our minds have grown with the love, honesty, truth, humility, respect, courage, and the wisdom we’ve learned together. These teachings are more than just words; they are the ways we live every day, helping us heal and keeping us connected to our ancestors, our land, and our community.
FINAL YOUTH PERSPECTIVES
ALYSSIA CHRISTMAS
I honestly feel an indefinite amount of gratitude towards this journey that we have all been taking together. 2024 was a very challenging year, but I truly had this project to look forward to. I feel inspired to keep pushing through any challenges that may come my way. This book is not only very meaningful to myself, but I hope that it will be life-changing to other people, especially our community Eskasoni. Resilience is something we have adapted to time and time again and is what will keep traditions alive. It’s important to do projects on the limited resources we have, in order to immortalize the culture. My ultimate goal with this book is for others to feel inspired to learn more about Indigenous cultures. I truly love that it is a guide for how to follow the sacred teachings. We can always ground ourselves by referring back to this book and I think that is very important. I have such a different outlook on life and my beliefs. Thank you to everyone who helped us along the journey of creating this book.
JAYLYN MORRIS
When we started this project, I did not realize how much it would mean to me. Writing this book helped me reconnect with teachings I carry with me every day. The Seven Sacred Teachings have always been there, but working on this made me realize how much they guide me, especially in my journey to become a social worker.
I remember one day in class, we were asked what our core values were as future social workers. Everyone said words like respect and honesty, and right away, I thought of the Seven Sacred Teachings. These teachings are the foundation of how I want to show up for others, as a social worker and as a Mi’kmaw woman.
And I am not perfect. I make mistakes almost every day. But these teachings remind me that mistakes are part of learning. Whether it is choosing honesty when it is hard or showing humility when I am wrong, the teachings are always there to help me grow.
I hope this book reminds others that it is okay to be vulnerable. It is okay to feel lost sometimes. But you are never alone, even when it feels like it. There are people who want to help, especially our own people. And if reaching out is too hard, that is okay too. Make it a goal when you are ready. Journaling can help. If you feel unheard, write it all down and burn the page. Let the smoke carry your words to our ancestors above. They are always listening.
This book has been a powerful experience for me. It reminded me who I am and who I want to be — someone who listens, learns, and stays rooted in these teachings, just like our ancestors taught us.
EDMUND MORRIS
Growing up, I often felt out of place in a world that valued Western ideas of beauty and worth. As a plus-size, Two-Spirit L’nu, I struggle to see myself clearly. But over time, I learned to embrace my true self by honouring my past and listening to the wisdom of my ancestors. Being honest with myself meant facing challenges head-on. I had to look deeply into my heart, accept my pain, and also see my strength. This journey was not easy, but it brought me peace. I learned that my story is part of a larger story. The story of resilience, community, and hope that has been passed down through generations.
Now, as I work in social work, these lessons guide me every day. I strive to support our community by caring for each person’s story, just as the land cares for every living thing. I have come to see that every small step I take helps build a stronger, kinder future for us all.
FINAL THOUGHTS ON TWO-EYED SEEING AND THE SACRED TEACHINGS
We see our world through the concept of Two-Eyed Seeing, using both our Indigenous ways and Western ways. This balance teaches us that learning never stops and that every day brings new chances to grow, share, and understand more deeply.
The 7 Sacred Teachings are a reminder of who we are and where we come from. Each teachings is a guide on our path, showing us how to live in balance and harmony with everything around us. From the eagle’s way of caring deeply for others to the beaver’s quiet persistence in building and learning, every symbol has its own story and lesson.
HERE’S WHAT EACH ONE BRINGS TO OUR LIVES:
LOVE : THE EAGLE
Love teaches us to care for one another, to share kindness and keep our hearts open.
ADD YOUR OWN FINAL THOUGHTS ON THE SACRED TEACHINGS!
HONESTY : THE SABLE/SASQUATCH
Honesty guides us to speak and act with truth, helping us build trust.
TRUTH: THE TURTLE
Truth helps us live by our values, making sure our actions match who we really are.
HUMILITY: THE WOLF
Humility reminds us to walk gently, listen to others, and know that no one is above anyone else.
RESPECT: THE BUFFALO
Respect shows us to honour all living things; the people, the animals, and the land.
COURAGE : THE BEAR
Courage gives us strength to face our fears, stand up for what matters, and take small steps even when the path seems hard.
THE BEAVER : WISDOM
Wisdom grows with our experiences, teaching us to learn from the past and think carefully about the future.
CALL TO ACTION
We invite you to take these teachings into your own life and community. Think about how you can care for yourself and others, find small ways to show kindness and care in your daily actions. Stand up for what you believe in, use your voice to speak out and make a difference, even if it starts with one small step. Learn from your elders and the land, listen to the stories of who came before you and let the land teach you about balance and resilience. And finally, share what you have learned because every lesson you learn is a gift. By sharing these lessons, you help keep our traditions strong and support the healing of our community.
Each small action you take helps build a stronger community. Living these teachings keeps our traditions alive and reminds us that healing is a journey everyone is on together. When we care for ourselves and our neighbours, we create a ripple effect that brings more balance and strength to our world.
WORDS OF ENCOURAGEMENT
May you always walk with the strength of our ancestors guiding your steps. Keep learning, unlearning, relearning, and growing in your own way, knowing that every experience shapes you and brings you close to a balanced and healthy life. Remember, your journey is important; every step you take and every challenge you overcome, builds a future full of hope and possibility. Let these teachings inspire you to live with heart and purpose, to be gentle with yourself, and to keep the spirit of our people strong every day.
Always remember that your path is unique and precious. As you continue forward, know that you are never alone. Take these lessons into your life, let them guide your choices, and share them with those around you. In doing so, you help create a brighter future for us all. A future built on balance and the wisdom of our ancestors.
ESKASONI MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS LINE
Offers culturally informed crisis intervention and support for folks in Eskasoni.
NATIONAL INDIGENOUS-SPECIFIC HELPLINES
HOPE FOR WELLNESS HELPLINE
Offers crisis intervention and counseling for all Indigenous peoples across Canada, available in English, French, Cree, Ojibway (Anishinaabemowin), and Inuktitut.
NATIONAL INDIAN RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL CRISIS LINE
for
TALK4HEALING (ONTARIO)
A confidential, culturally grounded helpline for Indigenous women, providing counseling, information, and referrals in 14 languages.
TSOW-TUN LE LUM SOCIETY (BRITISH COLUMBIA)
Offers emotional and crisis support for survivors of trauma, including residential schools, family violence, and substance misuse.
INDIGENOUS MOBILE CRISIS RESPONSE TEAM (MANITOBA)
Provides immediate mental health counseling and crisis response for First Nations communities in Manitoba.
KUU-US CRISIS LINE SOCIETY (BRITISH COLUMBIA)
NON-INDIGENOUS SPECIFIC, BUT INDIGENOUS-INFORMED RESOURCES
KIDS HELP PHONE (NATIONWIDE, YOUTH-FOCUSED)
While not exclusively Indigenous-focused, Kids Help Phone collaborates with Indigenous partners and offers culturally relevant resources for Indigenous youth.
ONLINE CHAT & RESOURCES
SUPPORTIVE PRACTICES
• Reading and Books
• Journaling
• Land-Based Healing
• Reaching Out to Elders and Spiritual/Knowledge Keepers
• Storytelling and Oral Traditions
• Arts and Crafts
• Music and Drumming
• Meditation and Mindfulness
• Physical Activity and Traditional Practices
• Ceremonies and Rituals
• Community Support and Talking Circles
• Healthy Eating
• Connection with Animals
• Professional Counseling or Therapy
SACRED PATHS WAS MADE POSSIBLE WITH THE SUPPORT OF
