International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Geomorphological Analysis of Two Mini-Watersheds in Raichur City Karnataka Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez1, Chalapathi k2, M .Inayathulla3 1,2Research
Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, UVCE, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Department of Civil Engineering, UVCE, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. ------------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------3Professor,
ABSTRACT:- Morphometric analysis of the Watershed is considered to be the most satisfactory method because it enables in understanding of the relationship of various aspects within a drainage basin. In the present study two mini watersheds in Raichur city have been considered Mini-watershed 1 with an area of 519.32 km2 with highest order stream of 6 it flows through north of city and it joins the streams of Krishna, Mini –Watershed 2 with an area of 360.97 km2 with highest order stream of 5 it flows through south of city and joins Tungabhadra streams. The values of Stream frequency is 1.07 and 1.03, Form factor 0.35and 0.53, Shape factor 2.84 and 1.90, Elongation Ratio 0.67 and 0.82, Circularity Ratio 0.27 and 0.42, Drainage density 1.26 and 1.30, Length of overland flow 0.40 and 0.38 for Mini-watershed 1 and Mini-watershed 2 respectively. Key words: Mini –watershed, GIS, Drainage density, Stream Frequency, Length of overland flow. I INTRODUCTION Watershed is a natural hydrological entity from which runoff resulting from precipitation flows past a single point into large stream, river, lake or ocean. Thus, a watershed is the surface area drained by a part or the totality of one or several given water courses and can be taken as a basic erosional landscape element where land and water resources interact in a perceptible manner. Morphometric analysis provides quantitative description of the basin geometry to understand initial slope or inequalities in the rock hardness, structural controls, recent diastrophism, geological and geomorphic history of drainage basin (Strahler, 1964). Morphometric analysis requires measurement of linear features, gradient of channel network and contributing ground slopes of the drainage basin. . A major emphasis in geomorphology over the past several decades has been on the development of quantitative physiographic methods to describe the evolution and behavior of surface drainage networks (Horton, 1945). The influence of drainage morphometry is very significant in understanding the landform processes, soil physical properties and erosional characteristics. Drainage characteristics of many river basins and sub basins in different parts of the globe have been studied using conventional methods (Horton, 1945; Strahler, 1964). Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques are now a days used for assessing various terrain and morphometric parameters of the drainage basins and watersheds, as they provide a flexible environment and a powerful tool for the manipulation and analysis of spatial information. II MATERIALS AND METHODS A Study Area In this Study two Mini-watersheds have been considered Mini-watershed 1 is located between Latitude 16º9′52′′ N to 16º22′24′′ N Latitude and 77º2′59′′ E to77º28′50′′ E Longitude and an area of 519.32 km2, having maximum length of 38.42 km. The maximum and minimum elevation of the basin is 492 m and 335 m above MSL, respectively. And Mini-watershed 2 is located between Latitude 15º57′58′′ N to 16º11′25.6′′ N Latitude and 77º18′1′′ E to77º32′5.3′′ E Longitude and an area of 360.97 km2, having maximum length of 26.17 km. The maximum and minimum elevation of the basin is 533 m and 323 m above MSL respectively. Location of the study area is shown in figure 1.
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