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World Academics Journal of ______________________________________________ Research Paper . Engineering Sciences Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.26-46, October (2019) E-ISSN: 2348-635X

Assesment of the Intensity Duration Frequency Curves for Storms in Upper Cauvery Karnataka Based on Pearson Type III Extreme Value Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez1*, M Inayathulla2 1,2

Department of Civil Engineering, UVCE, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India *Corresponding Author: parvezuvce@gmail.com Tel.: +919060506390 Available online at: www.isroset.org Received: 05/Oct/2019, Accepted: 17/Oct/2019, Online: 31/Oct/2019

Abstract- Engineering infrastructures such as storm water drains and bridges are commonly designed using the concept of Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves, which assume that the occurrence of precipitation patterns and distributions are spatially similar within the drainage area and remain unchanged throughout the lifespan of the infrastructures (stationary). Based on the premise that climate change will alter the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation patterns, inaccuracy in the estimation of IDF curves may occur. As such, prior to developing IDF curves, it is crucial to analyse trends of annual precipitation maxima. The objective of this study was to estimate the precipitation intensities and their uncertainties (lower and upper limits) for durations of 5min, 10min, 15min, 30min, 60min,120min, 720min and 1440min and return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 years in the Upper Cauvery Karnataka India using Pearson type III Values . The annual precipitation maxima were extracted from long-term (1995–2017) precipitation data for Forty Three meteorological stations sourced from the Water resources Development Organization Karnataka. On average, the estimated extreme precipitation intensities for the Study area ranged from 5.1 mm/h for 24 h storm duration to 226.01 mm/h for 5min at 100 years return period. At 50 year return period, the intensity ranged from 5.2 mm/h for 24h duration to 225 mm/h for the duration of 5min. Keywords: Climate change, Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF), Pearson Type III Distribution, Rainfall Duration. Several studies have been conducted to find the best-fit distribution for rainfall data using various parameter I. INTRODUCTION estimation methods such as maximum likelihood estimation Precipitation extremes are expected to increase in intensity (MLE) and L-moments. However, determining the best-fit and frequency over many regions in the world due to global distribution is usually tedious, complex and subjective. This warming. Municipal storm water management and the is due to the different rankings provided by different design of engineering infrastructures able to withstand goodness-of-fit indices being used in the study. Therefore, floods and extreme precipitation events are often based on there is a need to know the extent of increasing extreme the concept of precipitation Intensity-Duration-Frequency rainfall for combating climate change impacts and for (IDF) curves. In urban areas, which are typically strategic planning. characterized by signiﬁcantly higher population density, climate change is likely to exacerbate and compound Degradation of water quality, property damage and potential existing vulnerabilities, especially for the urban poor. loss of life due to flooding is caused by extreme rainfall Therefore, there is a need to know the extent of increasing events. extreme rainfall for combating climate change impacts and The relation between rainfall and runoff is influenced by for strategic planning. This study is one of the few to assess various storm and basin characteristics. Because of these climate change impacts on short-duration maximum rainfall complexities and the frequent paucity of adequate runoff over urbanized areas in a developing country. Rainfall data, many approximate formulae have been developed to intensities of different frequencies and durations are the relate rainfall and runoff. The earliest of these formulae were fundamental inputs in hydrologic risk analyses and design. usually empirical statements. These data are normally used when designing urban infrastructures such as culverts and storm water drainage II. MATERIALS AND METHODS systems. Finding suitable distributions, regardless of parametric or nonparametric distributions, to fit rainfall data A Study Area has long been a subject of interest in various fields of study The study area geographically lies between 750 29’ 19” E including hydrology, meteorology, economy and agriculture. and 760 37’ 40” E longitude and 110 55’ 54” N and 130 © 2019, WAJES All Rights Reserved

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

23’ 12.8” N latitude, as shown in Figure 1, the study area has an area of 10874.65 Sq km. The maximum length and width of the study area is approximately equal to 143.73 km and 96.75 km respectively. The maximum and minimum elevation of the basin is 1867 m and 714 m above MSL, respectively. Fourthy three raingauge stations namely kushalnagar, hunsur, kechamanna hosakote, naladi, shantebachahalli, belur, belagodu, javali, talakavery, shravanabelagola, siddapura, malalur, mallipatna,

nuggehalli, periyapatna, ponnampet, sakaleshpur, salagame, shantigrama, arehalli, arkalgud, basavapatna, bettadapura, bilur, channenahally, chikkamagalur, doddabemmatti, galibidu, gonibeedu, gorur, hagare,halllibailu, hallimysore, harangi, hassan, hosakere, srimangala, sukravarsanthe, krishnarajpet, virajpet and yelawala were considered as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 1 Location Map of Study Area

Figure 2 Location of raingauge stations

B Methodology Equation A was used for the estimation of various duration like 5minutes, 10minutes, 15minutes, 30minutes,1-hr, 2-hr, 6-hr, 12-hr rainfall values from annual maximum values[6].

Similarly the short duration rainfall was tabulated for the remaining forty stations.

( ) (Equation A) where, Pt is the required rainfall depth in mm at t-hr duration, P24 is the daily rainfall in mm and t is the duration of rainfall for which the rainfall depth is required in hr.

Pearson Type III Distribution was applied for the above estimated short duration rainfall to obtain the maximum depth and maximum intensity for various durations of all the stations and a graph of maximum intensity against the duration was plotted for different return periods. Using this values IDF equation for various durations and return period was generated for all the stations and is tabulated in the Table 21. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Twenty three years (1995-2017) rainfall data was used for the estimation of Short duration rainfall by using above equation for various stations as tabulated in Table 1 to Table 3. Table 1 shows the tabulation of short duration rainfall of station Arkalgud. Table 2 shows the tabulation of short duration rainfall of station Shantigrama. Table 3 shows the tabulation of short duration rainfall of station Javali. © 2019, WAJES All Rights Reserved

A. Estimation of Short Duration Rainfall

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

Table 1 Short duration rainfall for Arkalgud Year

Rainfall (mm) Duration in minutes 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

( ) 5

54.400 59.000 76.000 50.400 50.300 60.900 70.400 60.500 60.500 60.500 100.600 100.500 100.900 100.400 60.200 70.600 100.800 50.000 70.700 50.800 40.800 40.600 30.900

in mm where, time t is in hours 10

8.238 8.934 11.508 7.632 7.617 9.222 10.660 9.161 9.161 9.161 15.234 15.218 15.279 15.203 9.116 10.691 15.264 7.571 10.706 7.692 6.178 6.148 4.679

15 10.379 11.256 14.500 9.616 9.597 11.619 13.431 11.543 11.543 11.543 19.193 19.174 19.250 19.155 11.485 13.469 19.231 9.539 13.489 9.692 7.784 7.746 5.895

30 11.881 12.885 16.598 11.007 10.985 13.300 15.375 13.213 13.213 13.213 21.971 21.949 22.036 21.927 13.147 15.419 22.014 10.920 15.441 11.094 8.911 8.867 6.748

60 14.969 16.234 20.912 13.868 13.841 16.757 19.371 16.647 16.647 16.647 27.681 27.654 27.764 27.626 16.565 19.426 27.736 13.758 19.454 13.978 11.227 11.172 8.502

120 18.859 20.454 26.348 17.473 17.438 21.113 24.406 20.974 20.974 20.974 34.876 34.841 34.980 34.807 20.870 24.476 34.945 17.334 24.510 17.611 14.145 14.075 10.712

23.761 25.771 33.196 22.014 21.971 26.601 30.750 26.426 26.426 26.426 43.941 43.897 44.072 43.854 26.295 30.837 44.028 21.840 30.881 22.189 17.821 17.734 13.497

720 43.177 46.828 60.321 40.003 39.923 48.336 55.877 48.019 48.019 48.019 79.846 79.767 80.084 79.688 47.781 56.035 80.005 39.685 56.115 40.320 32.383 32.224 24.525

1440 54.400 59.000 76.000 50.400 50.300 60.900 70.400 60.500 60.500 60.500 100.600 100.500 100.900 100.400 60.200 70.600 100.800 50.000 70.700 50.800 40.800 40.600 30.900

Table 2 Short duration rainfall for Shantigrama Year

Rainfall (mm) Duration in minutes 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

( ) 5

57.000 67.000 92.000 95.000 77.000 60.000 45.000 60.000 26.000 66.500 56.000 46.000 42.000 39.100 48.000 88.500 30.500 56.000 84.000 60.000 83.000 33.300 60.000

in mm where, time t is in hours 10

8.631 10.146 13.931 14.386 11.660 9.086 6.814 9.086 3.937 10.070 8.480 6.966 6.360 5.921 7.268 13.401 4.619 8.480 12.720 9.086 12.568 5.043 9.086

15 10.875 12.783 17.552 18.125 14.691 11.447 8.585 11.447 4.960 12.687 10.684 8.776 8.013 7.460 9.158 16.885 5.819 10.684 16.026 11.447 15.835 6.353 11.447

30 12.449 14.632 20.092 20.748 16.816 13.104 9.828 13.104 5.678 14.523 12.230 10.046 9.173 8.539 10.483 19.328 6.661 12.230 18.345 13.104 18.127 7.273 13.104

60 15.684 18.436 25.315 26.140 21.187 16.510 12.382 16.510 7.154 18.298 15.409 12.657 11.557 10.759 13.208 24.352 8.392 15.409 23.113 16.510 22.838 9.163 16.510

120 19.761 23.228 31.895 32.935 26.694 20.801 15.601 20.801 9.014 23.054 19.414 15.947 14.561 13.555 16.641 30.681 10.574 19.414 29.121 20.801 28.774 11.544 20.801

24.897 29.265 40.185 41.495 33.633 26.207 19.656 26.207 11.357 29.047 24.460 20.092 18.345 17.078 20.966 38.656 13.322 24.460 36.690 26.207 36.254 14.545 26.207

720 45.241 53.178 73.020 75.402 61.115 47.622 35.717 47.622 20.636 52.781 44.447 36.510 33.335 31.034 38.098 70.242 24.208 44.447 66.671 47.622 65.877 26.430 47.622

1440 57.000 67.000 92.000 95.000 77.000 60.000 45.000 60.000 26.000 66.500 56.000 46.000 42.000 39.100 48.000 88.500 30.500 56.000 84.000 60.000 83.000 33.300 60.000

Table 3 Short duration rainfall for Javali Year

Rainfall (mm) Duration in minutes 1995

140.000

( ) 5

in mm where, time t is in hours 10 15 30

21.200

26.710

30.575

60 38.522

120 48.535

61.151

720 111.118

1440 140.000

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

87.000 136.000 124.000 121.000 156.600 119.000 131.000 129.600 170.000 127.000 146.400 209.000 158.000 218.000 112.500 187.500 149.300 170.300 210.000 214.000 112.500

13.174 20.594 18.777 18.323 23.713 18.020 19.837 19.625 25.743 19.231 22.169 31.648 23.925 33.011 17.035 28.392 22.608 25.788 31.800 32.405 17.035

16.598 25.947 23.657 23.085 29.877 22.704 24.993 24.726 32.434 24.230 27.931 39.874 30.144 41.591 21.463 35.772 28.484 32.491 40.065 40.828 21.463

19.000 29.702 27.081 26.426 34.201 25.989 28.610 28.304 37.127 27.736 31.973 45.645 34.506 47.610 24.569 40.949 32.606 37.193 45.863 46.737 24.569

23.939 37.422 34.120 33.294 43.090 32.744 36.046 35.661 46.777 34.945 40.284 57.509 43.475 59.985 30.956 51.593 41.081 46.860 57.784 58.884 30.956

30.161 47.149 42.988 41.948 54.290 41.255 45.415 44.930 58.936 44.028 50.754 72.456 54.776 75.576 39.002 65.003 51.759 59.040 72.803 74.190 39.002

38.001 59.403 54.162 52.852 68.401 51.978 57.220 56.608 74.254 55.472 63.946 91.289 69.013 95.220 49.139 81.898 65.213 74.385 91.726 93.473 49.139

69.052 107.943 98.419 96.038 124.294 94.450 103.975 102.864 134.929 100.800 116.198 165.883 125.405 173.027 89.291 148.819 118.499 135.167 166.677 169.852 89.291

87.000 136.000 124.000 121.000 156.600 119.000 131.000 129.600 170.000 127.000 146.400 209.000 158.000 218.000 112.500 187.500 149.300 170.300 210.000 214.000 112.500

2017

148.500

22.487

28.332

32.432

40.861

51.482

64.863

117.865

148.500

B. Pearson type III distribution The Pearson type III distributions are commonly used to fit a sample of extreme hydrological data[9]. A closed-form expression for the CDF of the Pearson III distribution is not available. Tables or approximations must be used. Many tables provide frequency factors Kp(γ) which are the pthquantile of a standard Pearson III variate with skew γ, mean zero and variance 1. For any mean and standard deviation, p th Pearson III quantile can be written as (MB Parvez et al, 2019) ( ) (Equation B)

Figure 3.a IDF curves for Talakavery Station Durati on in minut es

5 10 15 30

Return period 2 yrs Rainfall Rainf Depth( all mm) Intens ity (mm/ hr) 473.9 39.497 62 298.5 49.763 78 227.8 56.964 57 71.771 143.5

Table 4 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Talakavery Station Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens ity ity ity ity ity (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) 592.2 654.0 719.9 762.5 800.7 49.355 65 54.507 87 59.999 83 63.546 55 66.731 72 373.1 412.0 453.5 480.3 504.4 62.184 05 68.675 50 75.594 61 80.063 80 84.076 56 284.7 314.4 346.1 366.5 384.9 71.183 32 78.613 52 86.533 32 91.650 99 96.243 71 89.685 179.3 99.046 198.0 109.025 218.0 115.471 230.9 121.258 242.5

Return 100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

69.658 87.764 100.465 126.577

period Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 835.8 97 526.5 83 401.8 58 253.1

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences 60 90.425 120 113.929 720 207.022 1440 260.832

Durati on in minut es

5 10 15 30 60 120 720 1440

Durati on in minut es

5 10 15 30 60 120 720 1440

Durati on in minut es

41 90.42 5 56.96 4 17.25 2 10.86 8

112.996 142.366 258.696 325.937

70 112.9 96 71.18 3 21.55 8 13.58 1

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

124.791 157.226 285.699 359.958

93 124.7 91 78.61 3 23.80 8 14.99 8

137.363 173.066 314.482 396.222

49 137.3 63 86.53 3 26.20 7 16.50 9

145.485 183.299 333.077 419.651

43 145.4 85 91.65 0 27.75 6 17.48 5

152.776 192.486 349.770 440.682

17 152.7 76 96.24 3 29.14 7 18.36 2

Return period 2 yrs Rainfall Rainf Depth( all mm) Intens ity (mm/ hr) 121.5 10.125 02 76.54 12.757 2 58.41 14.603 2 36.79 18.399 7 23.18 23.181 1 14.60 29.206 3 53.071 4.423 66.865 2.786

Table 5 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Gorur Station Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens ity ity ity ity ity (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) 149.4 164.0 179.5 189.6 198.6 12.452 24 13.668 15 14.964 68 15.801 16 16.553 36 94.13 103.3 113.1 119.4 125.1 15.689 2 17.221 23 18.854 21 19.909 51 20.856 33 71.83 78.85 86.32 91.15 95.49 17.959 6 19.713 1 21.582 8 22.790 8 23.874 5 45.25 49.67 54.38 57.42 60.15 22.627 4 24.836 3 27.191 3 28.713 6 30.079 8 28.50 31.29 34.25 36.17 37.89 28.508 8 31.292 2 34.259 9 36.176 6 37.897 7 17.95 19.71 21.58 22.79 23.87 35.918 9 39.425 3 43.164 2 45.579 0 47.747 4 65.267 5.439 71.640 5.970 78.434 6.536 82.823 6.902 86.763 7.230 82.231 3.426 90.261 3.761 98.820 4.118 104.350 4.348 109.314 4.555

Return period 2 yrs Rainfall Rainf Depth( all mm) Intens ity (mm/ hr) 114.2 9.522 58 71.97 11.996 8 54.93 13.732 0 34.60 17.302 4 21.79 21.799 9 13.73 27.465 2 49.907 4.159 62.879 2.620

Table 6 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Basavapatna Station Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens ity ity ity ity ity (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) 143.3 158.5 174.8 185.2 194.6 11.948 73 13.216 87 14.567 04 15.440 81 16.224 87 90.32 99.90 110.1 116.7 122.6 15.053 0 16.651 4 18.353 20 19.453 20 20.441 45 68.92 76.24 84.03 89.07 93.59 17.232 7 19.060 1 21.009 7 22.269 4 23.399 6 43.42 48.02 52.94 56.11 58.96 21.711 1 24.014 9 26.470 0 28.057 3 29.481 2 27.35 30.25 33.35 35.34 37.14 27.354 4 30.256 6 33.350 0 35.349 9 37.143 3 17.23 19.06 21.00 22.26 23.39 34.463 2 38.120 0 42.019 9 44.537 9 46.798 9 62.624 5.219 69.269 5.772 76.353 6.363 80.929 6.744 85.037 7.086 78.901 3.288 87.274 3.636 96.199 4.008 101.964 4.249 107.140 4.464

Return period 2 yrs Rainfall Rainf Depth( all mm) Intens ity (mm/

Table 7 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Belagodu Station Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens ity ity ity ity ity (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/

159.478 200.929 365.112 460.013

Return 100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

17.244 21.726 24.870 31.334 39.479 49.740 90.384 113.876

Return 100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

16.944 21.348 24.438 30.790 38.793 48.876 88.813 111.898

Return 100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

55 159.4 78 100.4 65 30.42 6 19.16 7

period Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 206.9 27 130.3 56 99.48 0 62.66 9 39.47 9 24.87 0 7.532 4.745

period Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 203.3 31 128.0 91 97.75 2 61.58 0 38.79 3 24.43 8 7.401 4.662

period Rainf all Intens ity (mm/

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences

35.757

hr) 148.7 56 93.71 1 71.51 4 45.05 1 28.38 1 17.87 9

64.975 81.864

5.415 3.411

5 12.396 10 15.618 15 17.879 30 22.526 60 28.381 120

47.320

hr) 196.8 59 124.0 14 94.64 0 59.62 0 37.55 8 23.66 0

85.986 108.336

7.166 4.514

16.405 20.669 23.660 29.810 37.558

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

53.362

hr) 221.9 96 139.8 49 106.7 25 67.23 2 42.35 4 26.68 1

96.966 122.169

8.080 5.090

18.500 23.308 26.681 33.616 42.354

59.803

hr) 248.7 90 156.7 28 119.6 06 75.34 7 47.46 6 29.90 1

108.669 136.914

9.056 5.705

20.732 26.121 29.901 37.673 47.466

63.964

hr) 266.1 00 167.6 33 127.9 28 80.58 9 50.76 8 31.98 2

116.230 146.441

9.686 6.102

22.175 27.939 31.982 40.295 50.768

23.470 29.570 33.850 42.648 53.733 67.699

720 1440

123.017 154.992

hr) 281.6 39 177.4 22 135.3 98 85.29 6 53.73 3 33.85 0 10.25 1 6.458

Return period 2 yrs Rainfall Rainf Depth( all mm) Intens ity (mm/ hr) 120.1 10.012 43 75.68 12.614 6 57.75 14.440 9 36.38 18.193 6 22.92 22.922 2 14.44 28.879 0 52.477 4.373 66.117 2.755

Table 8 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Arkalgud Station Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens ity ity ity ity ity (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) 152.7 169.7 187.9 199.6 210.1 12.728 39 14.148 72 15.661 28 16.638 58 17.516 88 96.22 106.9 118.3 125.7 132.4 16.037 0 17.825 50 19.731 88 20.963 77 22.068 10 73.42 81.61 90.34 95.98 101.0 18.357 9 20.405 8 22.587 7 23.996 6 25.262 48 46.25 51.41 56.91 60.46 63.65 23.129 8 25.708 6 28.457 5 30.234 7 31.828 6 29.14 32.39 35.85 38.09 40.10 29.140 0 32.390 0 35.854 4 38.092 2 40.101 1 18.35 20.40 22.58 23.99 25.26 36.715 7 40.809 5 45.173 7 47.993 6 50.524 2 66.715 5.560 74.155 6.180 82.085 6.840 87.209 7.267 91.808 7.651 84.056 3.502 93.429 3.893 103.421 4.309 109.876 4.578 115.671 4.820

720 1440

Return period 2 yrs Rainfall Rainf Depth( all mm) Intens ity (mm/ hr) 112.0 9.337 49 70.58 11.764 7 53.86 13.467 8 33.93 16.967 5 21.37 21.377 7 13.46 26.934 7 48.942 4.079 61.663 2.569

Table 9 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Bettadapura Station Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens ity ity ity ity ity (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) 140.1 154.8 170.4 180.5 189.6 11.679 47 12.903 30 14.207 81 15.049 92 15.806 69 88.28 97.53 107.3 113.7 119.4 14.715 7 16.256 7 17.899 96 18.961 66 19.914 84 67.37 74.43 81.95 86.82 91.18 16.844 6 18.609 5 20.490 9 21.705 0 22.796 3 42.44 46.89 51.63 54.69 57.44 21.222 4 23.445 1 25.815 1 27.346 3 28.721 2 26.73 29.53 32.52 34.45 36.18 26.738 8 29.539 9 32.525 5 34.454 4 36.186 6 16.84 18.60 20.49 21.70 22.79 33.688 4 37.217 9 40.979 0 43.410 5 45.592 6 61.215 5.101 67.628 5.636 74.464 6.205 78.881 6.573 82.846 6.904 77.126 3.214 85.206 3.550 93.819 3.909 99.384 4.141 104.379 4.349

Durati

Return period 2

Table 10 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Bilur Station Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75

Durati on in minut es

5 10 15 30 60 120 720 1440

Durati on in minut es

5 10 15 30 60 120

24.660 31.070 35.566 44.811 56.458 71.132 129.256 162.852

Return 100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

18.322 23.085 26.425 33.294 41.947 52.850 96.036 120.997

Return 100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

hr) 295.9 22 186.4 19 142.2 64 89.62 1 56.45 8 35.56 6 10.77 1 6.786

period Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 219.8 66 138.5 07 105.7 01 66.58 7 41.94 7 26.42 5 8.003 5.042

period

47.597 86.490 108.970

Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 198.0 11 124.7 40 95.19 4 59.96 9 37.77 8 23.79 9 7.207 4.540

Return

period

16.501 20.790 23.799 29.984 37.778

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences on in minut es

yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

129.863

Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 297.3 12 187.2 95 142.9 33 90.04 2 56.72 3 35.73 3 10.82 2

163.617

6.817

5 24.776 10 31.216 15 35.733 30 45.021 60 56.723 120 71.466 720

yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

175.001

Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 400.6 52 252.3 95 192.6 14 121.3 39 76.43 9 48.15 3 14.58 3

220.488

9.187

33.388 42.066 48.153 60.669 76.439 96.307

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

37.888 47.736 54.644 68.847 86.742 109.288 198.589

1440

Durati on in minut es

5 10 15 30 60 120 720 1440

Durati on in minut es

5 10 15 30 60 120

250.206

Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 454.6 54 286.4 15 218.5 75 137.6 94 86.74 2 54.64 4 16.54 9 10.42 5

yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

42.685 53.779 61.562 77.563 97.723 123.124 223.731 281.883

Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 512.2 15 322.6 76 246.2 48 155.1 26 97.72 3 61.56 2 18.64 4 11.74 5

yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

45.784 57.684 66.031 83.194 104.818 132.063 239.974 302.348

Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 549.4 02 346.1 03 264.1 26 166.3 89 104.8 18 66.03 1 19.99 8 12.59 8

yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

48.565 61.189 70.044 88.249 111.187 140.087 254.555 320.720

Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 582.7 85 367.1 33 280.1 74 176.4 99 111.1 87 70.04 4 21.21 3 13.36 3

Table 11 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Channenahally Station Return period 2 Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens ity ity ity ity ity ity (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) 122.8 159.6 178.9 199.4 212.6 224.5 10.239 69 13.306 76 14.909 11 16.618 13 17.722 58 18.712 48 77.40 100.5 112.7 125.6 133.9 141.4 12.900 3 16.765 90 18.784 07 20.937 22 22.328 67 23.576 57 59.06 76.76 86.01 95.86 102.2 107.9 14.767 9 19.191 4 21.503 1 23.967 8 25.559 36 26.988 52 37.21 48.35 54.18 60.39 64.40 68.00 18.606 1 24.179 9 27.092 4 30.196 3 32.202 4 34.003 5 23.44 30.46 34.13 38.04 40.57 42.84 23.442 2 30.464 4 34.134 4 38.045 5 40.572 2 42.841 1 14.76 19.19 21.50 23.96 25.55 26.98 29.535 7 38.382 1 43.006 3 47.934 7 51.118 9 53.976 8 53.668 4.472 69.745 5.812 78.147 6.512 87.102 7.258 92.887 7.741 98.081 8.173 67.617 2.817 87.873 3.661 98.458 4.102 109.741 4.573 117.030 4.876 123.574 5.149

Return period 2 yrs Rainfall Rainf Depth( all mm) Intens ity (mm/ hr) 181.4 15.122 59 114.3 19.052 12 87.23 21.809 7 54.95 27.478 6 34.62 34.620 0 43.618 21.80

Table 12 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Arehalli Station Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens ity ity ity ity ity (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) 233.7 261.0 290.1 308.9 325.8 19.476 15 21.752 22 24.177 29 25.745 34 27.151 15 147.2 164.4 182.7 194.6 205.2 24.539 32 27.406 34 30.462 70 32.436 17 34.209 51 112.3 125.4 139.4 148.5 156.6 28.090 59 31.372 87 34.870 80 37.130 20 39.159 36 70.78 79.05 87.86 93.56 98.67 35.391 2 39.526 2 43.933 7 46.781 2 49.337 4 44.59 49.79 55.35 58.94 62.16 44.590 0 49.799 9 55.353 3 58.940 0 62.161 1 56.179 28.09 62.743 31.37 69.740 34.87 74.260 37.13 78.318 39.15

100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

51.122 64.410 73.731 92.896 117.041 147.463 267.957 337.605

Return 100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

19.623 24.724 28.301 35.658 44.926 56.603 102.854 129.588

Return 100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

28.444 35.838 41.024 51.687 65.121 82.047

Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 613.4 68 386.4 62 294.9 25 185.7 91 117.0 41 73.73 1 22.33 0 14.06 7

period Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 235.4 77 148.3 42 113.2 06 71.31 5 44.92 6 28.30 1 8.571 5.400

period Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 341.3 31 215.0 25 164.0 95 103.3 73 65.12 1 41.02

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences 9

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

720 1440

Durati on in minut es

5 10 15 30 60 120 720 1440

Durati on in minut es

5 10 15 30 60 120

79.260 99.861

Return period 2 yrs Rainfall Rainf Depth( all mm) Intens ity (mm/ hr) 116.8 9.738 50 73.61 12.269 1 56.17 14.044 6 35.38 17.694 9 22.29 22.293 3 14.04 28.088 4 51.039 4.253 64.305 2.679

114.012 143.646

9.501 5.985

126.726 159.665

134.940 170.013

142.313 179.303

Table 13 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Periyapatna Station Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens ity ity ity ity ity (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) 142.0 155.2 169.2 178.3 186.4 11.838 61 12.936 36 14.107 78 14.863 51 15.541 95 89.49 97.79 106.6 112.3 117.4 14.916 3 16.299 3 17.773 39 18.726 54 19.581 85 68.29 74.63 81.38 85.74 89.65 17.074 6 18.657 0 20.345 1 21.436 2 22.414 8 43.02 47.01 51.26 54.01 56.48 21.512 4 23.507 4 25.633 7 27.007 4 28.240 1 27.10 29.61 32.29 34.02 35.58 27.103 3 29.617 7 32.296 6 34.027 7 35.581 1 17.07 18.65 20.34 21.43 22.41 34.148 4 37.315 7 40.690 5 42.871 6 44.829 4 62.051 5.171 67.806 5.650 73.939 6.162 77.902 6.492 81.459 6.788 78.179 3.257 85.430 3.560 93.158 3.882 98.150 4.090 102.632 4.276

Table 14 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For PoonampetStation Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens ity ity ity ity ity (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) 366.1 422.4 482.3 521.1 555.8 30.516 90 35.203 36 40.199 89 43.427 21 46.324 91 230.6 266.1 303.8 328.2 350.1 38.448 86 44.353 19 50.648 86 54.714 87 58.365 90 176.0 203.0 231.9 250.5 267.2 44.012 46 50.772 86 57.977 09 62.632 29 66.811 45 110.9 127.9 146.0 157.8 168.3 55.451 02 63.968 36 73.047 93 78.912 24 84.177 54 69.86 80.59 92.03 99.42 106.0 69.864 4 80.595 5 92.033 3 99.423 3 106.056 56 44.01 50.77 57.97 62.63 66.81 88.023 2 101.543 2 115.954 7 125.265 2 133.623 1 13.32 15.37 17.55 18.96 20.23 9.411 159.949 9 184.516 6 210.703 9 227.621 8 242.808 4 11.06 11.94 12.74 5.929 201.523 8.397 232.476 9.686 265.469 1 286.785 9 305.919 7

149.090 187.842

Return 100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

16.165 20.367 23.314 29.374 37.009 46.628 84.729 106.752

112.935

256.767

142.289

8.507 5.359

9 11.85 9 7.471

Return 100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

1440

102.085 128.619

0 11.24 5 7.084

Return period 2 yrs Rainfall Rainf Depth( all mm) Intens ity (mm/ hr) 258.5 21.546 57 162.8 27.147 81 124.3 31.075 01 78.30 39.152 5 49.32 49.329 9 31.07 62.151 5

720

Durati on in minut es

6.605 4.161

0 10.56 0 6.653

Table 15 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Sakaleshpura Station Return period 2 Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens ity ity ity ity ity ity (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) 215.7 274.1 304.6 337.1 358.1 376.9 17.982 87 22.845 34 25.385 25 28.094 25 29.843 22 31.414 70 22.656 135.9 28.782 172.6 31.984 191.9 35.396 212.3 37.600 225.6 39.579 237.4

48.987 61.720 70.652 89.016 112.153 141.304

323.506

Return 100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

32.858 41.398

4 12.42 4 7.827

period Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 193.9 80 122.2 00 93.25 6 58.74 8 37.00 9 23.31 4 7.061 4.448

period Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 587.8 49 370.3 22 282.6 09 178.0 32 112.1 53 70.65 2 21.39 7 13.47 9

period Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 394.2 94 248.3

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51.870

37 103.7 40 65.35 2 41.16 9 25.93 5

94.254 118.752

7.854 4.948

15 25.935 30 32.676 60 41.169 120

65.895

94 131.7 90 83.02 3 52.30 1 32.94 8

119.739 150.862

9.978 6.286

32.948 41.511 52.301

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36.612 46.128 58.118 73.224

720 1440

Durati on in minut es

5 10 15 30 60 120 720 1440

Durati on in minut es

5 10 15 30 60 120 720 1440

Durati on in minut es

Return period 2 yrs Rainfall Rainf Depth( all mm) Intens ity (mm/ hr) 120.5 10.045 41 75.93 12.656 6 57.95 14.488 0 36.50 18.253 6 22.99 22.998 8 14.48 28.975 8 52.651 4.388 66.336 2.764

133.057 167.642

02 146.4 49 92.25 7 58.11 8 36.61 2 11.08 8 6.985

40.518 51.050 64.319 81.036 147.253 185.527

76 162.0 73 102.1 00 64.31 9 40.51 8 12.27 1 7.730

43.042 54.229 68.325 86.084 156.424 197.082

03 172.1 67 108.4 59 68.32 5 43.04 2 13.03 5 8.212

45.307 57.083 71.921 90.614 164.657 207.455

77 181.2 29 114.1 67 71.92 1 45.30 7 13.72 1 8.644

Table 16 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Salagame Station Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens ity ity ity ity ity (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) 156.4 175.1 195.1 208.0 219.6 13.035 22 14.598 72 16.263 59 17.339 71 18.305 62 98.54 110.3 122.9 131.0 138.3 16.423 0 18.392 52 20.490 42 21.846 77 23.063 79 75.20 84.21 93.82 100.0 105.6 18.800 0 21.054 4 23.456 3 25.008 30 26.401 03 47.37 53.05 59.10 63.01 66.52 23.687 3 26.526 2 29.552 5 31.508 5 33.263 5 29.84 33.42 37.23 39.69 41.90 29.843 3 33.420 0 37.234 4 39.697 7 41.908 8 18.80 21.05 23.45 25.00 26.40 37.600 0 42.107 4 46.911 6 50.015 8 52.801 1 68.324 5.694 76.514 6.376 85.243 7.104 90.883 7.574 95.946 7.996 86.083 3.587 96.401 4.017 107.400 4.475 114.506 4.771 120.885 5.037

Table 17 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Shantigrama Station Return period 2 Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens ity ity ity ity ity ity (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) 108.3 138.7 154.5 171.4 182.3 192.1 9.032 87 11.560 25 12.882 78 14.290 76 15.199 94 16.016 94 68.28 87.39 97.37 108.0 114.9 121.0 11.380 0 14.565 1 16.230 8 18.004 24 19.150 01 20.179 75 52.10 66.69 74.31 82.43 87.68 92.39 13.027 7 16.673 2 18.578 4 20.609 7 21.921 6 23.099 7 32.82 42.01 46.81 51.93 55.23 58.20 16.413 5 21.007 3 23.407 5 25.966 2 27.619 9 29.103 7 20.67 26.46 29.49 32.71 34.79 36.66 20.679 9 26.467 7 29.491 1 32.715 5 34.798 8 36.668 8 13.02 16.67 18.57 20.60 21.92 23.09 26.054 7 33.346 3 37.157 8 41.219 9 43.843 1 46.199 9 47.343 3.945 60.594 5.049 67.518 5.627 74.899 6.242 79.668 6.639 83.949 6.996 59.648 2.485 76.343 3.181 85.068 3.544 94.367 3.932 100.375 4.182 105.769 4.407

Return period 2 yrs Rainfall Rainf Depth( all mm) Intens

Table 18 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Hunsur Station Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens

47.389 59.707 75.226 94.779 172.224 216.989

Return 100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

19.193 24.182 27.681 34.876 43.941 55.362 100.600 126.748

Return 100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

16.767 21.125 24.182 30.467 38.386 48.364 87.883 110.726

Return 100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

90 189.5 57 119.4 14 75.22 6 47.38 9 14.35 2 9.041

period Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 230.3 15 145.0 90 110.7 24 69.75 2 43.94 1 27.68 1 8.383 5.281

period Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 201.2 02 126.7 49 96.72 8 60.93 5 38.38 6 24.18 2 7.324 4.614

period Rainf all Intens

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5 10.107 10 12.734 15 14.577 30 18.366 60 23.140 120 720 1440

Durati on in minut es

5 10 15 30 60 120 720 1440

Durati on in minut es

5 10 15 30 60 120

29.155 52.977 66.747

ity (mm/ hr) 121.2 88 76.40 7 58.30 9 36.73 2 23.14 0 14.57 7 4.415 2.781

Return period 2 yrs Rainfall Rainf Depth( all mm) Intens ity (mm/ hr) 112.7 9.392 00 70.99 11.833 6 54.18 13.545 0 34.13 17.066 2 21.50 21.501 1 13.54 27.090 5 49.226 4.102 62.021 2.584

Return period 2 yrs Rainfall Rainf Depth( all mm) Intens ity (mm/ hr) 254.9 21.248 70 160.6 26.770 22 122.5 30.644 77 77.21 38.609 9 48.64 48.645 5 30.64 61.289 4

720 111.369

9.281

140.316

5.846

1440

12.959 16.328 18.690 23.548 29.669 37.381 67.925 85.580

ity (mm/ hr) 155.5 10 97.96 5 74.76 1 47.09 7 29.66 9 18.69 0 5.660 3.566

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

14.449 18.205 20.840 26.256 33.081 41.679 75.736 95.422

ity (mm/ hr) 173.3 93 109.2 31 83.35 9 52.51 3 33.08 1 20.84 0 6.311 3.976

16.038 20.207 23.131 29.143 36.718 46.261 84.063 105.912

ity (mm/ hr) 192.4 55 121.2 39 92.52 3 58.28 6 36.71 8 23.13 1 7.005 4.413

17.064 21.500 24.611 31.008 39.067 49.222 89.442 112.689

ity (mm/ hr) 204.7 70 128.9 97 98.44 3 62.01 5 39.06 7 24.61 1 7.453 4.695

17.985 22.660 25.939 32.682 41.176 51.879 94.270 118.773

ity (mm/ hr) 215.8 25 135.9 62 103.7 58 65.36 3 41.17 6 25.93 9 7.856 4.949

Table 19 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Kushalnagar Station Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens ity ity ity ity ity (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) 136.1 148.4 161.5 169.9 177.5 11.349 84 12.371 56 13.461 37 14.166 87 14.798 74 85.79 93.52 101.7 107.0 111.8 14.298 1 15.587 1 16.960 62 17.848 86 18.644 65 65.47 71.37 77.65 81.72 85.36 16.368 0 17.843 0 19.415 9 20.430 2 21.342 9 41.24 44.96 48.92 51.48 53.77 20.622 4 22.480 0 24.461 2 25.741 1 26.889 9 25.98 28.32 30.81 32.43 33.87 25.982 2 28.323 3 30.819 9 32.431 1 33.879 9 16.36 17.84 19.41 20.43 21.34 32.735 8 35.685 3 38.829 5 40.861 0 42.684 2 59.484 4.957 64.844 5.404 70.558 5.880 74.249 6.187 77.563 6.464 74.945 3.123 81.698 3.404 88.897 3.704 93.548 3.898 97.723 4.072 Table 20 Estimation of maximum rainfall intensity for various return period For Virajpet Station Return period 5 Return period 10 Return period 25 Return period 50 Return period 75 yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Rainfall Rainf Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all Depth( all mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens mm) Intens ity ity ity ity ity (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ (mm/ hr) hr) hr) hr) hr) 332.1 372.4 415.4 443.2 468.1 27.678 41 31.039 67 34.621 51 36.935 22 39.013 51 209.2 234.6 261.7 279.2 294.9 34.873 36 39.107 40 43.620 18 46.535 13 49.153 17 159.6 179.0 199.7 213.0 225.0 39.919 77 44.766 64 49.932 28 53.270 79 56.266 64 100.5 112.8 125.8 134.2 141.7 50.295 90 56.402 03 62.911 21 67.116 31 70.891 81 63.36 71.06 79.26 84.56 89.31 63.368 8 71.061 1 79.262 2 84.560 0 89.317 7 39.91 44.76 49.93 53.27 56.26 79.838 9 89.532 6 99.864 2 106.540 0 112.532 6 12.09 13.55 15.12 16.13 17.04 145.076 0 162.690 8 181.465 2 193.595 3 204.484 0 10.16 10.73 182.784 7.616 204.977 8.541 228.632 9.526 243.915 3 257.634 5

18.832 23.727 27.161 34.220 43.115 54.321 98.709 124.365

Return 100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

15.379 19.376 22.180 27.945 35.209 44.360 80.608 101.560

Return 100 yrs Rainfall Depth( mm)

40.922 51.559 59.020 74.360 93.688 118.039 214.492 270.243

ity (mm/ hr) 225.9 86 142.3 62 108.6 43 68.44 1 43.11 5 27.16 1 8.226 5.182

period Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 184.5 46 116.2 57 88.72 1 55.89 1 35.20 9 22.18 0 6.717 4.232

period Rainf all Intens ity (mm/ hr) 491.0 63 309.3 51 236.0 79 148.7 20 93.68 8 59.02 0 17.87 4 11.26 0

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

Figure 3.b IDF curves for Talakavery Station

Figure 4 IDF curves for Arkalgud Station

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

Figure 5 IDF curves for Basavapatna Station

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

Figure 6 IDF curves for Gonibeedu Station

Figure 7 IDF curves for Hallimysore Station

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

Figure 8 IDF curves for Galibeedu Station

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Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

Figure 9 IDF curves for Hassan Station

Figure 10 IDF curves for Gorur Station

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Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

Figure 11 IDF curves for Javali Station

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

Figure 12 IDF curves for SalagameStation

Figure 13 IDF curves for Sakaleshpura Station

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

Figure 14 IDF curves for Virajpet Station

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

Figure 15 IDF curves for Sukravarshanthe Station

Figure 16 IDF curves for Melkote Station Table 21; IDF equations for all the raingauge stations in the study

IDF Equation Y=aX-0.667 where Y is intensity of rainfall, X is the time interval and a is constant Station Name Arehalli Arkalgud Basavapatna

2years 530.6 351.3 334.1

5years 683.4 446.6 419.2

Value of constant ‘a’ for different a return period 10years 25years 50years 763.2 848.3 940.3 496.4 549.5 583.8 463.7 511.1 541.8

75years 952.7 614.6 569.3

100years 998.1 642.9 594.5

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences Balagodu Belur Bettadapura Bilur Channenahally Chikkamangalore Doddabemmatti Galibeedu Gonibeedu Gorur Hagare Halekote Hallibailu Hallimysore Harangi Hassan Hosakere Hunsur Javali Kenchammana hoskote Krishnarajpet Kushalnagar Malalur Mallipatna Melkote Naladi Nuggehalli Periyapatna Poonampet Sakleshpura Salagame Shantebachahalli Shantigrama Shravanabelagola Siddapura Srimangala Sukravarashante Talakavery Virajpet Yelawala

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X

435.0 390.5 327.6 869.3 359.3 356.9 270.6 901.7 610.5 355.3 343.6 337.5 814.9 345.5 359.8 391.0 1201.2 354.7 803.3

575.6 508.9 409.8 1171.5 466.9 426.1 324.6 1081.3 796.7 436.9 433.8 451.4 978.0 408.1 464.5 485.4 1445.5 454.7 965.6

649.6 570.7 452.7 1329.4 523.1 462.3 352.9 1175.1 894.0 479.6 480.9 510.9 1063.2 440.8 519.2 534.8 1573.1 507.0 1050.5

727.5 636.7 498.5 1497.7 583.1 500.8 382.0 1275.1 997.8 525.1 531.2 574.4 1154.1 475.6 577.5 587.4 1709.2 562.7 1140.9

778.1 679.3 528.2 1606.5 621.8 525.7 402.5 1339.7 1064.8 554.4 563.6 615.4 1212.8 498.1 615.2 621.4 1797.1 598.8 1199.3

823.5 717.6 554.6 1704.1 656.6 548.1 419.9 1397.7 1124.9 580.8 592.8 652.1 1265.4 518.3 649.0 651.9 1876.0 631.1 1251.8

865.8 752.7 579.0 1793.8 688.5 568.6 436.0 1451.0 1180.2 605.1 619.6 686.0 1313.9 536.9 680.1 679.9 1948.6 660.8 1300.0

500.8 373.4 329.5 267.9 370.8 445.5 1471.6 403.9 341.7 756.0 631.0 352.5 423.4 316.9 417.3 504.5 824.2 758.9 1385.9 745.5 372.6

621.4 447.7 398.2 321.2 434.1 568.4 1887.5 543.2 415.2 1070.7 801.6 457.4 619.5 405.6 564.5 637.6 1062.2 908.8 1731.8 971.2 459.7

684.4 486.6 434.1 349.1 467.2 632.6 2104.8 616.0 453.9 1235.2 890.7 512.2 722.0 451.9 641.4 707.2 1186.6 987.1 1912.6 1089.1 505.3

751.6 528.0 472.3 378.8 520.5 701.0 2336.5 693.6 495.0 1410.5 985.8 570.7 831.3 501.4 723.4 781.3 1319.3 1070.5 2103.2 1214.8 553.8

795.0 554.8 497.1 397.9 525.2 745.3 2486.1 743.7 521.5 1523.8 1047.2 608.4 901.9 533.3 776.4 829.2 1404.9 1124.5 2229.7 1296.0 585.2

834.0 578.8 519.2 415.2 545.7 784.9 2620.4 788.7 545.3 1625.4 1102.3 642.3 96525.0 562.0 824.0 872.2 1481.8 1172.5 2341.5 1368.9 613.3

869.8 600.9 539.6 431.0 564.5 821.4 2743.9 830.0 567.2 1718.9 1152.9 673.5 1023.5 588.3 867.7 911.7 1552.5 1217.4 2444.2 1435.9 639.2

IV. CONCLUSIONS The objective of the present study was to estimate the precipitation intensities and their uncertainties for durations of 5min, 10min, 15min, 30min, 60min,120min, 720min and 1440min and return periods of 2,5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 years in the Upper Cauvery Karnataka India using Pearson type III Values . The conclusions drawn from this study were that; i) the extreme precipitation on the study area exhibited consistent trends, ii) the high intensity storms posing higher risk of damage to infrastructure and the environment are less frequent than low intensity storms. However, of critical concern is that their probability of over or under estimation (uncertainty) is higher. In the Upper Cauvery the development of IDF curves is crucial for storm water management and design of engineering infrastructures. Administrators and policy makers can use the IDF curves when planning development on the Upper Cauvery. Further studies should prioritize recording, storage and use of longterm precipitation data to develop IDF curves for other areas of the country, and at regional and continental levels. It is essential to understand and quantify the impacts of increased storm water and flooding on infrastructure and even on the environment. This is especially so under the context of climate change, where high intensity precipitation events are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude. Future work must also consider assessing the trends of urbanization, particularly removal of vegetation and infrastructure development, which make pervious surfaces to be impervious and changes the surface runoff characteristics of landscapes.

World Academics J. of Engg. Sciences

Vol. 6(1), Oct 2019, ISSN: 2348-635X REFERENCE

[1]. Bell F. C., 1969, “Generalized rainfall-duration-frequency relationship”, ASCE J. Hydraulic Eng., 95, 311–327. [2]. Bernard, M. M., (1932), “Formulas for rainfall intensities of long durations”. Trans. ASCE 6:592 - 624. [3]. Bhaskar, N. R.; Parida, B. P.; Nayak, A. K. 1997. Flood Estimation for Ungauged Catchments Using the GIUH. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management., ASCE 123(4): 228-238. [4]. Chow V.T., D.R. Maidment and L.W.Mays, 1988, “Applied Hydrology”, McGraw- Hill, Chapter 10 – Probability, Risk and Uncertainty Analysis for Hydrologic and Hydraulic Design: 361 – 398. [5]. M. M. Rashid, 1 S. B. Faruque and 2 J. B. Alam 2012, “Modeling of Short Duration Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency (SDRIDF) Equation for Sylhet City in Bangladesh. [6]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla “Generation Of Intensity Duration Frequency Curves For Different Return Period Using Short Duration Rainfall For Manvi Taluk Raichur District Karnataka”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Management Studies (IRJEMS), Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | April -2019. [7]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla “Prioritization Of Subwatersheds of Cauvery Region Based on Morphometric Analysis Using GIS”, International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM), Volume: 05 Issue: 01, April -2019. 4. [8]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla “Modelling of Short Duration Isopluvial Map For Raichur District Karnataka”, International Journal for Science and Advance Research in Technology (IJSART), Volume: 05 Issue: 4, April -2019. [9]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla, "Rainfall Analysis for Modelling of IDF Curves for Bangalore Rural, Karnataka", International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.8, pp.114-132, 2019 [10]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, and M Inayathulla. "Generation of Short Duration Isohyetal Maps For Raichur District Karnataka" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 5 Issue 2 2019 Page 3234-3242 [11]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, and M Inayathulla. " Derivation Of Intensity Duration Frequency Curves Using Short Duration Rainfall For Yermarus Raingauge Station Raichur District Karnataka" International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology Volume 6 Issue 2 July 2019 Page 1-7 [12]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, Chalapathi K and M Inayathulla. " Geomorphological Analysis of Two Mini-Watersheds in Raichur City Karnataka" International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume 6 Issue 6 June 2019 Page 2896-2901

AUTHORS PROFILE Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez Is a life member of Indian Water Resources Society, ASCE Born in Karnataka, India Obtained his BE in Civil Engineering in the year 2009-2013 from UVCE, Banagalore and M.E with specialization in Water Resources Engineering during 2013-2015 from UVCE, Bangalore University and Pursuing Ph.D from Bangalore University. And has 3 years of teaching experience. Till date, has presented and published several technical papers in many National and International seminars, Journals and conferences.

M Inayathulla Is a life member of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering (EWRI), ASCE, WWI, ASTEE, ASFPM. Born in Karnataka, Obtained his BE in Civil Engineering in the year 1987-1991 from UBDT, Davanagere and M.E with specialization on Water Resources Engineering during 1992-1994 from UVCE, Bangalore University and got Doctorate from Bangalore University . Presently working as Professor at UVCE, Bangalore University, India. And has more than 25 years of teaching experience. Till date, has presented and published several technical papers in many National and International seminars and conferences