SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals

SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals Dynamic Briefing Generated 04 October 2020 for Marco Antonio Gonzalez

SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals Last review on Tue 03 September 2019

About This dynamic briefing draws on the collective intelligence of the Forum network to explore the key trends, interconnections and interdependencies between industry, regional and global issues. In the briefing, you will find a visual representation of this topic (Transformation Map – interactive version available online via intelligence.weforum.org ), an overview and the key trends affecting it, along with summaries and links to the latest research and analysis on each of the trends. Briefings for countries also include the relevant data from the Forum’s benchmarking indices. The content is continuously updated with the latest thinking of leaders and experts from across the Forum network, and with insights from Forum meetings, projects communities and activities.

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Executive summary This Transformation Map provides a contextual briefing for one of the Sustainable Development Goals the United Nations’ framework for making real progress towards a more sustainable future by the year 2030 - by mapping related strategic issues and interdependencies. The content, including attached key issue headings and texts, is drawn from expert- and machine-curated knowledge on the World Economic Forum’s Strategic Intelligence platform; it is not a reproduction of the official text of the SDG. The UN introduces this Goal as follows: 'A successful sustainable development agenda requires partnerships between governments, the private sector and civil society. These inclusive partnerships built upon principles and values, a shared vision, and shared goals that place people and the planet at the centre, are needed at the global, regional, national and local level. Urgent action is needed to mobilize, redirect and unlock the transformative power of trillions of dollars of private resources to deliver on sustainable development objectives. Long-term investments, including foreign direct investment, are needed in critical sectors, especially in developing countries. These include sustainable energy, infrastructure and transport, as well as information and communications technologies. The public sector will need to set a clear direction. Review and monitoring frameworks, regulations and incentive structures that enable such investments must be retooled to attract investments and reinforce sustainable development. National oversight mechanisms such as supreme audit institutions and oversight functions by legislatures should be strengthened.'

1. International Investment Dynamics There should be more than enough financing available to drive sustainable development.

2. Trade and Development Trade can be an engine for inclusive economic growth and poverty reduction.

3. Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration Governments have to find new ways to work with a more diverse array of people and organizations.

4. Systems Leadership The contemporary world’s intense interconnectedness demands a new approach to leadership.

5. Mobilizing Action, Making Societies Inclusive The Fourth Industrial Revolution does not have to create the type of inequality wrought by the first.

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International Investment Dynamics There should be more than enough financing available to drive sustainable development In 2018, global foreign direct investment flows fell by nearly a fifth compared with the prior year, matching a low reached in the wake of the global financial crisis, according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. At the same time, global assets under management had risen sharply to $79.2 trillion by 2017, from $48.2 trillion in 2007, according to the consultancy BCG. Clearly, there is no lack of capital available to fund sustainable development, but rather a shortage of capital that actually manages to flow into profitable projects. This needs to change, as an estimated $2.5 trillion in additional, annual financing is believed necessary in order to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals adopted in 2015.

International investment agreements have come under intense scrutiny of late related to whether or not they have an impact or not on investment flows, and related to the topic of investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) - a mechanism that can give foreign investors the option of pursuing international arbitration instead of taking claims to host-state domestic courts.

ISDS has been particularly controversial, and has stirred debate on related issues including its legitimacy, cost, and potential for conflicts of interest. Individual countries are responding to it in different ways, sometimes concluding agreements without ISDS, or with features that limit it. The European Union, for example, is pushing for a multilateral investment court, and Canada and the US are reassessing their own approaches; the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, which was designed to replace the former North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), omits ISDS between the US and Canada - while keeping it (in restricted form) between the US and Mexico. Recently, another international investment issue has drawn attention: investment facilitation, which is intended to improve the transparency and predictability of investment measures, and to speed up administrative procedures. In addition to enhancing international cooperation and information sharing, it is important to improve the sustainability impact of international investment so that it genuinely benefits local communities.

Related insight areas: Justice and Law, Financial and Monetary Systems, Sustainable Development, Workforce and Employment, Supply Chain and Transport, Private Investors, Geo-economics, Institutional Investors, Behavioural Sciences, Emerging Multinationals, Human Rights

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The Next Civil War?

The Danger of Following the Fed

02 October 2020

02 October 2020

Although US President Donald Trump has long hid his tax records and history of business failings, he has never made any secret of his willingness to destroy the US constitutional order if doing so will give him a political advantage. Not since the eve of the Civil War has America been so on edge.

The US Federal Reserve's long-awaited new monetary-policy strategy should probably not serve as a global benchmark. Other central banks should think long and hard before they consider emulating the Fed, for four technical and political reasons.

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COVID-19’s impact on South Africa’s relations with Africa

The Republican Threat to the Republic 02 October 2020

02 October 2020 As US President Donald Trump and his fellow Republicans' behavior over the past four years has made abundantly clear, American democracy itself is on the line in this year's election. Without an overwhelming victory for Democrats at all levels, Republican minority rule will be locked in indefinitely.

South Africa’s Africa agenda has always been central to its foreign policy.

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Bonding over Beijing 02 October 2020

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Critical Minerals and the New Geopolitics

Over the past few years, China’s rise has become a top priority in Washington and in many European capitals— and a big-ticket item on the wider transatlantic agenda.

This development has created both new opportunities and challenges for transatlantic relations.

02 October 2020 The tension between the geographic concentration of vital metallic elements and the increasing scramble to secure them will further unsettle geopolitics in the twenty-first century. Rich-country governments must now follow China's lead and build new avenues of trust and cooperation with developing countries.

London School of Economics and Political Science

Primary Primers: Biden and Trump go big for Minnesota – a state which may matter less than they think.

02 October 2020 As a Midwestern state with ten electoral votes, Minnesota is often seen as a key battleground in the 2020 presidential election. But, writes Rubrick Biegon, barring any ‘October surprises’, the North Star State is very likely to vote for the former Vice President, Democrat Joe Biden on 3 November. How President Trump and Biden are campaigning in Minnesota, he writes, […].

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Trade and Development Trade can be an engine for inclusive economic growth and poverty reduction Roughly 8% of the global population, with the majority in sub-Saharan Africa, is suffering from extreme poverty, according to the Overseas Development Institute. The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (adopted in 2015) recognize the importance of trade as an engine for more inclusive global economic growth. However, annual global trade volume growth is expected to slow to 2.6% in 2019 from 3% in the prior year, according to the World Trade Organization. And the figures for least-developed countries look particularly bleak - their share of global merchandise exports fell to 0.9% in 2016, from 1.1% in 2013, after having risen from 0.6% between 2000 and 2013, according to the 2018 Sustainable Development Goals Report. One encouraging sign has been the creation of the African Continental Free Trade Area in April, 2019, with the goal of fostering intra-African trade by reducing the many impediments in place (the biggest holdout has been Nigeria, however, which boasts Africa’s biggest economy and is home to more than 90 million people living in extreme poverty).

The challenges that have mounted for the WTO are therefore worrying for developing countries that could potentially benefit from healthy, open global trade flows guided by the steadying hand of a respected international organization. The US has pursued openly protectionist trade policies, for example by slapping tariffs on billions of dollarsworth of goods not only from China but also from traditional allies such as Canada - potentially encouraging other world powers to follow suit (in addition, the US has blocked the appointment of WTO Appellate Body members, rendering this dispute settlement mechanism dysfunctional). In this context, a joint statement published by a diverse group of developing countries (from China to Uganda) declared the “pre-eminence of the WTO as the global forum for trade rules setting and governance” in 2019. This group’s view that Special and Differential Treatment provisions for developing-country WTO members must be preserved and strengthened is another area where its positions stand in stark contrast to those of the US and many other Western nations - though there may be room for related compromise, at least regarding the biggest economies that are still within the developing-country designation.

Related insight areas: Agile Governance, Workforce and Employment, United States, Sustainable Development, Africa, Values, Human Rights, Global Governance, Emerging Multinationals, Social Innovation

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Herd Immunity Will Not Defeat COVID19

America’s Transition from Democracy?

02 October 2020

02 October 2020 The US presidential election on November 3 will be one of the country’s most consequential ever – and the most fear-filled since the Civil War era, with President Donald Trump’s COVID-19 diagnosis adding to the jitters. Whether voters re-elect Trump or opt for his Democratic challenger, Joe Biden – and, more important, whether they accept the result – will determine not only America’s future economic course, but possibly also the fate of its 233-year-old democracy.

Although White House officials deny that US President Donald Trump's administration has adopted herd immunity as a strategy for combating COVID-19, Trump's words and actions tell a different story. But with coronaviruses, such an approach is not and should never be an option.

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02 October 2020 Nationwide, 58% of Cuban registered voters say they affiliate with or lean toward the Republican Party, while 38% identify as or lean Democratic.

02 October 2020 In this election, these quibbles have faded into insignificance. Biden represents a return to America’s traditional post-Second World War foreign policy. He has built a tent large enough for Republican Never-Trumpers, Democratic centrists (of whom he is one), and progressives. He will seek to undo much of what Donald Trump has wrought — he will quickly rejoin the Paris Agreement on climate change, he will try to revive the Iran nuclear deal, he will work with other nations on combatting COVID-19, and he will resume US support for its allies. .

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Three dangers Trump’s covid poses the world 02 October 2020 What Trump gets up to stuck in quarantine could disrupt the US and the world in frightening ways.

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Decentralizing Your Operating and Talent Models the Right Way

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02 October 2020

The US-Thailand Security Alliance: Growing Strategic Mistrust

As companies recognize that the timeline for moving past the impact of COVID-19 may lengthen into 2021 and maybe even beyond, key structures and processes within global organizations are coming under great strain. Before the pandemic, centralized experts within organizations could easily travel across the globe to where they were needed. Global talent development and culture strategies relied on sending experts between home country and international assignments, and on developing local talent that was subsequently deployed in other regions in order to develop a true global mindset. Research Updates From MIT SMR Get weekly updates on how global companies are managing in a changing world.

01 October 2020 The Trump administration’s strategy to engage with Thailand appears to be counterproductive. Trump saved the Thai authoritarians, but has weakened the USThailand security alliance amid the rising Chinese influence.

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Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration Governments have to find new ways to work with a more diverse array of people and organizations Collaboration, co-creation, and co-production will become more permanent fixtures of government operations and service delivery. The Open Government Partnership, launched in 2011, already convenes public sector reformers and civil society leaders to try to make government more inclusive and accountable. The partnership now includes nearly 80 countries and 20 sub-national governments.

Meanwhile the US, Australia, and Singapore have all recently experimented with more consultative and deliberative policy-making, including through citizen juries (representative samples of people tasked with considering particular community issues) and deliberative polling (asking people to deliberate on potential policy moves), in order to feed a wider range of perspectives into policy decisions and implementation. Care must be exercised in picking and choosing where to collaborate, and there is already an extensive track record to examine; nearly 2,000 publicprivate partnerships worth about â‚Ź336 million were developed in the European Union between 1990 and 2016, according a 2018 European Court of Auditors report.

Unfortunately, the potential benefits of many of these infrastructure-related partnerships in the EU often failed to materialize. As multi-stakeholder approaches will become increasingly necessary, leaders in every sector will need to learn how to operate more effectively across complex networks, and build trust with one another in the process.

That is because the daunting challenges facing humanity cannot be solved by any single sector alone; governance must become a multi-stakeholder endeavour. As governments and policy-makers increasingly scramble to react and respond to technological innovation, it creates new opportunities for the private sector, civil society groups, community groups, the media, and academia to work alongside public officials and provide expertise on technologies they themselves have developed, including on their applications potential consequences. In the case of truly cutting-edge technologies where expertise is particularly thin, non-governmental actors will be particularly important partners helping to anticipate potential risks and opportunities.

Related insight areas: Global Governance, Social Innovation, Corruption, Civic Participation, Private Investors, Public Finance and Social Protection, Cities and Urbanization, The Great Reset, Digital Communications, Sustainable Development, Green New Deals

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Solidarity, Strength and Substance: Women’s Political Participation in Afghanistan

Assessing the Impact of the United States–People’s Republic of China Trade Dispute Using a Multiregional Computable General Equilibrium Model

04 October 2020

30 September 2020 In Afghanistan, men make decisions; women are typically absent from decision-making processes. This commonly heard and felt public-sphere narrative is reflected in stories that women...

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF THE UNITED STATES– PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA TRADE DISPUTE USING A MULTIREGIONAL COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL Elisabetta Gentile, Gen Li, and Mahinthan Joseph Mariasingham 620 September 2020 ADB ECONOMICS WORKING PAPER SERIES ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK ADB Economics Working Paper Series Assessing the Impact of the United States– People’s Republic of China Trade Dispute Using a Multiregional Computable General Equilibrium Model Elisabetta Gentile, Gen Li, and Mahinthan Joseph Mariasingham No. 620 | September 2020 Elisabetta Gentile (egentile@adb.org) is an economist in the Economic Research and Regional Cooperation Department (ERCD), Asian Development Bank (ADB). Gen Li (li.gen@nies.go.jp) is a research assistant at the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan.

Australian Institute of International Affairs

Playing Politics with the Court: The US Supreme Court, Abortion, and Republican Electoral Strategy 01 October 2020 For decades, opposition to abortion and Roe v. Wade has been central to Republican social, political, and legal identity. Following the death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the future of the Supreme Court will be front and centre in the final weeks of the 2020 presidential election.

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Amsterdam and Helsinki launch algorithm registries to bring transparency to public deployments of AI

01 October 2020 In a pandemic, policymakers have to deal with uncertainty and rapidly evolving information. Ramathi Bandaranayake and Merl Chandana use examples from COVID-19 to draw guidance for how policymakers might respond to these challenges.

29 September 2020 Khari Johnson at Venture Beat : “ Amsterdam and Helsinki today launched AI registries to detail how each city government uses algorithms to deliver services, some of the first major cities in the world to do so. An AI Register for each city was introduced in beta today as part of the Next Generation Internet Policy Summit, organized in part by the European Commission and the city of Amsterdam.

South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA)

Building Africa’s renewable energy future: Recommendations for a just transition 30 September 2020 To shed light on the course of African energy transition processes, this policy brief provides evidence from a comparative analysis of 34 African countries. We present a clear picture of promising policy frameworks and fruitful attempts to realise a higher level of energy justice. South Africa, Rwanda, Kenya, Mauritius, Ethiopia and Egypt may serve as good practice examples for other states currently aiming at a systemic energy transition. Our recommendations for AU-EU cooperation on renewables and a green economy bring in suggestions for further fostering this green paradigm shift through means of consultancy, capacity building and strategies for technology transfer.

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Systems Leadership The contemporary world’s intense interconnectedness demands a new approach to leadership “Systems leadership” is about leading in a situation where power is diffused, and where the consequences of decisions are magnified and less predictable as their impact progressively ripples across domains. It requires cultivating a shared vision for change, and empowering innovation and collaborative action. According to a report published by Harvard Kennedy School’s Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative in 2016, systems leadership is needed to address complex problems related to food security, climate change, and gender equality - which cannot be solved with a topdown, pre-planned approach that focuses on one area to the exclusion of others. Instead, these problems call for the engagement of diverse stakeholders from multiple sectors.

Systems leadership done right also means balancing shortand long-term goals in order to optimize value for everyone, not only for the loudest, wealthiest, or most influential. By cultivating a shared vision, according to the Harvard Kennedy School report, nimble systems leadership can galvanize a diverse array of interested parties and help ensure that their efforts align, potentially producing better results in faster way than would otherwise be possible.

Related insight areas: Agriculture, Food and Beverage, Social Innovation, Supply Chain and Transport, The Great Reset, Sustainable Development, Digital Economy and New Value Creation, Civic Participation, Climate Change, Fourth Industrial Revolution, Future of Food, Gender Parity

The attributes of an individual “systems leader” include humility, integrity, an interest in the system over one’s self, and an ability to facilitate constructive dialogue. The Harvard Kennedy School report cited as an example the World Economic Forum’s New Vision for Agriculture initiative.

Following the food crisis of 2007 and 2008, which saw the price of food staples like rice, corn, and wheat rise dramatically to the detriment of many people in the developing world, the Forum’s initiative brought together stakeholders from business, government, and civil society to build greater resilience into the food supply chain - a highly complex, fragile system vulnerable to external shocks, over which no single actor can exercise meaningful control. As part of the initiative, 17 companies, including food manufacturers, commodity traders, and beverage producers, came together with key government representatives and civil society members in a neutral space to map out issues, system linkages, and opportunities for action. More than 500 different organizations are now participating in related efforts, according to the report; these include working with farmers’ groups to build more sustainable value chains for specific commodities, and sharing farmers’ needs with financial institutions so appropriate credit and insurance products can be developed.

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COVID-19 and public-sector capacity

For Women of My Generation, Ruth Bader Ginsburg's Fights Were Our Fights

02 October 2020 The paper argues that to govern a pandemic, governments require dynamic capabilities and capacity— too often missing. These include capacity to adapt and learn; capacity to align public services and citizen needs; capacity to govern resilient production systems; and capacity to govern data and digital platforms.

25 September 2020 No one is coming to save us, except ourselves. The death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg feels like the death of everything we have fought for over so many years. We are women of a certain age and privilege. We are the women who pored over " Our Bodies, Ourselves " in discovery of our own physical selves. We are the women who formed consciousness-raising groups and urged each other on to be ambitious and powerful.

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As the world grapples with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, racial inequality and more, the impacts of climate change cannot be ignored. Most weeks bring fresh headlines of wildfires, droughts and rapidly melting ice caps. They’re a reminder that climate action cannot wait for calmer times. .

New Voices in Africa - Covid-19 As a Catalyst for Digital Transformation 24 September 2020 Indeed, there are still internet connectivity challenges on the continent, with millions unable to connect to the internet. Covid-19 has emphasized the "digital divide", which is the uneven access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in societies. For example, the DRC’s nationwide measure, which was also adopted by many other countries worldwide, was the closure of schools. However, unlike some parts of the world with sufficient e-learning facilities, Congolese pupils and students have not had alternative means to study. A shift to e-learning was relatively easier to implement in the developed world, with ready access to both the necessary devices, connectivity, and the essential digital skills.

London School of Economics and Political Science

COVID-19 and gendered governance: countries led by women did not employ more stringent strategies than those led by men – but they did act faster 29 September 2020 Mette Marie Staehr Harder and Christoffer Bugge Harder examine whether countries led by women applied more extensive measures to combat COVID-19 than those led by men. While they find no indications that the former applied more extensive health responses over time, OECD countries led by women did enact their respective maximum shutdown measures significantly more quickly than those led by men. .

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London School of Economics and Political Science

Shifting norms on gender and leadership: are ambitious women punished in politics?

25 September 2020 Sparsha Saha and Ana Weeks show that while ambitious women are not penalised by voters overall, the aggregate results hide differences in taste for ambitious women across parties.

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Mobilizing Action, Making Societies Inclusive The Fourth Industrial Revolution does not have to create the type of inequality wrought by the first The twin forces of globalization and technology development are transforming families, work, and entire economies - and not always for the better. In both advanced and emerging economies, decelerating economic growth, industry disruption, rising inequality, and broken social contracts are threatening livelihoods and creating unrest. According the United Nations Human Development Report published in 2019, the demonstrations sweeping across the world at that point signalled that - despite the unprecedented progress that had been made in fighting poverty, hunger, and disease - many societies were not working as they should. Instead, according to the report, a common characteristic shared by many of these protest hot spots was rampant inequality. In countries including Hong Kong SAR, Lebanon, Chile, Spain, Iran, and Iraq, the causes that had brought marchers flooding into the streets included the high cost of a train ticket, the rising price of petrol, the undermining of political freedoms, and the fundamental pursuit of justice. The report also outlined a stark divide that cut across gender lines, with labour force participation rates far lower for women than for men, and unemployment rates that were far higher for women than those for men.

Related insight areas: Taxation, Future of Media, Entertainment and Culture, The Ocean, Environment and Natural Resource Security, Global Governance, Social Innovation, Civic Participation, Gender Parity, LGBTI Inclusion

One potential means to stem rising inequality identified by the UN Human Development Program is to broadly share the benefits of technology development - and ensure that the Fourth Industrial Revolution does not create the same kind of divergence between developed and developing countries wrought by the original industrial revolution. There has never been a better or more necessary time to mobilize technology to unleash human potential and tackle some of our most daunting challenges, while providing greater opportunity. In an address delivered in early 2020, International Monetary Fund Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva warned that in many Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries, income and wealth inequality had reached record highs (in the United Kingdom, for example, the top 10% of earners now control as much wealth as the bottom 50%). Fintech, or financial technology, according Georgieva, can play a role in addressing such inequality - particularly in developing countries - by providing more people with banking services.

According to the IMF, there is as much as a threepercentage-point advantage when it comes to GDP growth for financially-inclusive countries relative to their lessinclusive peers.

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01 October 2020 If there is a single issue that matters more than any other in the broader debate about climate change, it is how to price carbon dioxide emissions. The battle against catastrophic global warming will have already been lost if those advocating a low figure come out on top.

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They will identify innovative solutions to intensify cooperation on data for sustainable development. Renew the urgent call for more and better funding for data. “In a world wracked by COVID-19, we need data-based solutions to guide our way to a sustainable future,” said Francesca Perucci, Assistant Director of UN DESA’s Statistics Division.

World Resources Institute

4 Questions About China's New Climate Commitments 30 September 2020 President Xi Jinping's announcement at the UN that China intends to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and reach carbon neutrality before 2060 is one of the most significant signs of progress on tackling climate change since the 2015 Paris Agreement. Here are answers to four key questions about it.

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Why improving women's lives is the key to healthy ageing 01 October 2020 Older women are more exposed to social isolation and economic exclusion – but this can be changed earlier in their lives.

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The COVID-Climate Nexus 30 September 2020

United Nations Environment America’s upcoming election will take place against the backdrop of a dreadful pandemic and mounting climate threats. On both counts, US voters must choose whether to bring back respect for science and sensible public policy, and an awareness that we live in an interconnected world.

Historic UN Summit on Biodiversity sets stage for a global movement toward a green recovery from COVID19 01 October 2020 New York, 30 September 2020 — Recognizing that the continued deterioration and degradation of the world’s natural ecosystems were having major impacts on the lives and livelihoods of people everywhere, world leaders called for increased resolve to protect biodiversity at the UN today. A record number of countries - nearly 150 countries and 72 Heads of State and Government addressed the first ever Summit held on….

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Clean Energy Is Canceling Gas Plants 30 September 2020 While COVID-19 has disrupted many aspects of the economy and daily life in 2020, the trend toward clean electricity is still going strong. Renewable energy and storage technology costs continue to fall, with expanding adoption by utilities and other investors,...

Read More The post Clean Energy Is Canceling Gas Plants appeared first on Rocky Mountain Institute .

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References 1. International Investment Dynamics

4. Systems Leadership

The Next Civil War?, Project Syndicate, www.project-syndicate.org

COVID-19 and public-sector capacity, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, academic.oup.com The climate crisis needs climate leadership from businesses now, GreenBiz, www.greenbiz.com COVID-19 and gendered governance: countries led by women did not employ more stringent strategies than those led by men – but they did act faster, London School of Economics and Political Science, blogs.lse.ac.uk Shifting norms on gender and leadership: are ambitious women punished in politics?, London School of Economics and Political Science, blogs.lse.ac.uk For Women of My Generation, Ruth Bader Ginsburg's Fights Were Our Fights, Harvard Kennedy School - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, www.belfercenter.org New Voices in Africa - Covid-19 As a Catalyst for Digital Transformation, Institut Montaigne, www.institutmontaigne.org Representation, Activism, and Voting with Billy Porter, The Atlantic, www.youtube.com

The Republican Threat to the Republic, Project Syndicate, www.projectsyndicate.org Critical Minerals and the New Geopolitics, Project Syndicate, www.projectsyndicate.org Primary Primers: Biden and Trump go big for Minnesota – a state which may matter less than they think., London School of Economics and Political Science, blogs.lse.ac.uk The Danger of Following the Fed, Project Syndicate, www.projectsyndicate.org COVID-19’s impact on South Africa’s relations with Africa, South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA), saiia.org.za Bonding over Beijing, Harvard Kennedy School - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, www.belfercenter.org

2. Trade and Development

5. Mobilizing Action, Making Societies Inclusive

Herd Immunity Will Not Defeat COVID-19, Project Syndicate, www.projectsyndicate.org Most Cuban American voters identify as Republican in 2020, Pew Research Center, www.pewresearch.org Three dangers Trump’s covid poses the world, European Council on Foreign Relations, www.ecfr.eu Decentralizing Your Operating and Talent Models the Right Way, MIT Sloan Management Review, sloanreview.mit.edu America’s Transition from Democracy?, Project Syndicate, www.projectsyndicate.org The Point of No Return: The 2020 Election and the Crisis of American Foreign Policy, Lowy Institute, www.lowyinstitute.org The US-Thailand Security Alliance: Growing Strategic Mistrust, Australian Institute of International Affairs, www.internationalaffairs.org.au

In Quest of Data-Based Solutions for A Sustainable Future, In Depth News, www.indepthnews.net Why improving women's lives is the key to healthy ageing, World Economic Forum, www.weforum.org Historic UN Summit on Biodiversity sets stage for a global movement toward a green recovery from COVID-19, United Nations Environment, www.unenvironment.org Clean Energy Is Canceling Gas Plants, Rocky Mountain Institute, rmi.org The No DICE Carbon Price, Project Syndicate, www.project-syndicate.org 4 Questions About China's New Climate Commitments, World Resources Institute, www.wri.org The COVID-Climate Nexus, Project Syndicate, www.project-syndicate.org

3. Multi-Stakeholder Collaboration

Acknowledgements

Solidarity, Strength and Substance: Women’s Political Participation in Afghanistan, Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, areu.org.af Playing Politics with the Court: The US Supreme Court, Abortion, and Republican Electoral Strategy, Australian Institute of International Affairs, www.internationalaffairs.org.au Policymaking in a pandemic must be decisive, transparent and inclusive, London School of Economics and Political Science, blogs.lse.ac.uk Building Africa’s renewable energy future: Recommendations for a just transition, South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA), saiia.org.za Assessing the Impact of the United States–People’s Republic of China Trade Dispute Using a Multiregional Computable General Equilibrium Model, Asian Development Bank, www.adb.org Amsterdam and Helsinki launch algorithm registries to bring transparency to public deployments of AI, GovLab - Living Library, thelivinglib.org

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