Z15P4

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ARC8052 STAGE 5

2019 | 2020 ELLE-MAY SIMMONDS 13024503

ELLE-MAY SIMMONDS

ARCHITECTURE MA(RCH)

Port f o l io v o l .02

CONTENTS 05 07 25 43 68 133 PORTFOLIO SUMMARY

PORTFOLIO SUMMARY

PROTAGONIST

CONCEPTUAL & ARCHITECTURAL OUTLINE

SITE

LOCATION & ANALYSIS

INITIAL RESPONSE

PROCESS & JOURNEY TOWARD RESOLVED RESPONSE

HARVESTING KINSHIP

RESOLVED RESPONSE

ANNEX

ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank both of my Architectural Design tutors, Rachel Armstrong and Juliet Odgers for their continual support throughout this academic semester. I am most grateful for all the help and time in which they both have given.

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PORTFOLIO SUMMARY PORTFOLIO SUMMARY Stage 5 Academic Portfolio is to be delivered in two volumes; Vol.01 & Vol.02. Documenting semester 01 of MArch studies, Vol.01 explores the paradigm of Oikos and seeks to propose an urban intervention whilst vol.02 proposes an architectural intervention.

of inhabitation. This conceptual approach toward ‘furniture’ design has worked to outline core design principals and underpin this years design manifesto. The principals seek to develop a caring relationship and thus kinship with water.

Within the Oikos Transformed studio this years design investigations will be grounded within the city of Venice, Italy. Primal investigations within the Venetian Jewish Ghetto locate the proposed locus of enquiry for Architectural Design this year.

Urbanism endeavors to elevate the value of water through establishment of kinship. Developed through prompting a caring relationship, the built urban environment encourages sensorial involvements and illustrates the essentiality of waters roles in our ecology. In turn, validating the sister architectural intervention proposed in Vol.02; Harvesting Kinship.

Vol.01 of the two part series initially focusses around an investigation to develop a piece of ‘furniture’.

Furniture which speaks to the body and encapsulates the vision and principles

The urban intervention; Caring

produce fresh water. In part the fresh water will feed the urban intervention whilst additionally providing the Venetian Ghetto with a fresh water supply. Marin Sanudo once stated ‘Venice is in water but has no water’, Oikos Transformed will redefine Sanudo’s statement, once again placing water in kinship with the city.

Pages with marker indicate refined output post final review Pages with marker indicate new output post final review

Harvesting Kinship, seeks to harvest natural water sources, purify and

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PROTAGONIST CONCEPTUAL & ARCHITECTURAL OUTLINE

08 12 18 22

OIKOS TRANSFORMED

WATER

AQUA APPAREL

MANIFESTO

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OIKOS TRANSFORMED PRINCIPALS & THEORIES ABOUT The Oikos Transformed studio responds to the Open Letter to the architectural community: a call for curriculum change, which acknowledges architecture’s role in the ongoing ecological crisis. While global warming has brought ecological concerns to the fore, responses already have significant antecedents in architectural history that inform the relationship between design, science, art, environment, human needs

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and responsibilities (Anker, 2010a). The etymological origin of ecology in the human house is our starting point for the studio.

We argue that oikos is not merely a vague metaphor for ecology, but that built and “lived in” households offer a density of “life” and so provide a key to understanding the household of nature and so offer us clues for ecological living.

CARLO SCARPA INVESTIGATION & INFLUENCE Investigation into Oikos and venetian architecture the Oikos Transformed studio has studied the work of Carlo Scarpa.

Carlo Scarpa, an Italian Architect and designer (June 2, 1906 – November 28, 1978) is most notably recognized for his venetian architecture. Carefully bringing together and balancing old and new traditions many of Scarpa's works can be associated with the renovating of existing buildings, revealing the history of the original building where appropriate.

Scarpa's attention to detail is almost unmatched among modern architects.

His appreciation of craft and pursuit of perfection often leading him to revel in the smallest of details (Metalocus, n.d).

Natural elements, in particular water have often been used by Scarpa as

materials of composition. Coupled with labyrinths forms and rare stone materials this materiality revives one of the most important symbolical associations in Buddhist gardens, where these elements are linked in evoking the mystery of life (Architectuul, n.d).

Influenced by Frank Lloyd Wright as well as Josef Hoffmann Scarpa executes a "minimalist" aesthetic within historic buildings which allows the existing context to exist within the new work without being disturbed. The extraordinary care in the execution of handrails, floor patterns, benches, door pulls, and the like set Carlo Scarpa's work apart from others of his generation. Scarpa's architecture is expressed through precision detail, a delicate combination of modernism, historicism and craftsmanship (Architectuul, n.d).

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CRITICAL READING INITIAL INQUIRY Defined in Greek as the ‘management of the home’ oikos refers to three distinct concepts; The family, their property and their home. Whilst oikonomy can be defined as the “economy” of the household.

Taking oikos as the fundamental unit of inhabitation, the Oikos Transformed studio asks what changes can we make in our daily lives – their organisation, design and construction – so that the architecture of a city becomes an extension of the world’s life force and part of our ongoingness, rather than further cause for concern.

Starting with the idea of oikos, this studio will develop principles of practice from the bottom-up as a way of reimagining the relationship between this family-like unit and the polis (city). Prototyping these ideas into functionality as a vision for a 21st century home that meaningfully informs the city to establish new ecological principles of theory and practice for architecture.

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01

STAYING WITH TROUBLE

DONNA J. HARAWAY, 2016

02

MATTERS OF CARE

MARIA PUIG DE LA BELLACASA, 2017

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POETICS OF SPACE

GASTON BACHELARD, 1992

MAKING KIN

SOIL TIMES

HOUSE & UNIVERSE

Within this text Haraway writes of 'kin making', with the purpose to make 'kin' mean something other/ more than entities ties by ancestry and genealogy.

'Kin-making is making persons, not necessarily as individuals or humans' (Haraway, 2015). Taking a compost-ist view on life as opposed to posthumanist we can understand that individuals and entities are composed of matter and that no life is independent from another.

‘Matters of Care’ re-imagines posthumanist research and ecological ethics in a world under crisis. In the chapter ‘Soil Times’ de la Bellecasa writes about developing the feeling of care and thus kinship with soil, a part of the natural environment we would not usually consider kin. Through making time for the element and immersing ones self in it we are able to experience sensorial involvements, intimate affections and thus develop a sense of care.

‘The Poetics of Space’ is a phenomenological interrogation into the meaning of spaces which preoccupy poetry, intimate spaces and spaces of wide expansion (Cultural Reader, 2011). The house is, for Bachelard, the quintessential phenomenological object, meaning that this is the place in which the personal experience reaches its epitome. Bachelrad sees the house as a sort of initial universe, asserting that ‘all really inhabited space bears the essence of the notion of home’ (The Poetics of Space, p.5).

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WATER WATER IMPORTANCE DOMESTIC & COMMERCIAL USE Water is necessary for both creating and sustaining life; the molecule accounts for up to 60% of body weight in humans and is essential for basic biological function (Pangestu, 2019). In part, water is essential because it is a good solvent, readily dissolving and transporting nutrients

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throughout the body (Matthews, 2019). In turn water is essential for our way of life.

Domestically enabling us to clean and wash.

Whilst commercially facilitating industry, agriculture and energy production.

Aquarist Agriculture

Well-being

Industry Aquaculture

Plumbing

Transport

Health

Hydrotherapy

Hygiene

cleaning

Water fountain

washing Hydroelectric power

Recreation Drink

Swimming

Drinking fountain

Fishing

Gardening

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1. Rain water falls

HISTORIC WATER ACCESS

2. Water is collected in drains

VENETIAN FRESH WATER “Venice is in water and has no water� (Marin Sanudo, 1500 - Venice, C.T, 2017).

Detached from the mainland, Venice is a city composed of a series of islands, situated within the venetian salt-water lagoon Venice feeds directly into the Adriatic Sea. Provisioning of drinkable water has always been a major issue in Venice due to the lack of natural water sources.

Historically fresh water was obtained from city wide well systems, built to collect and filter rainwater. The general design of a well typically includes a clay lined cistern that stores rainwater collected through street-level drains. In instances of private wells rainwater was additionally diverted from roof gutters to yield more fresh water.

Collected water was filtered through fine river sand, accumulated in the cistern and collected via the well-head or 'vera' (Venice A.R, n.d). The caring of the wells was a communal endeavor, 'the parsons and the Heads of the town Districts holding the keys

to the well covers and being in charge of control and maintenance'. The wells would be opened twice daily, morning and evening at the toll of the 'well bell'. At this moment citizens would engage with the ritual of collecting water, accessed via the vera (Venice A.R, n.d).

The wells provided an adequate water supply however, this was not always a sufficient enough supply for the city. The Water Carriers Corporation, established in 1386 compensated for the lack of this by transporting fresh water from the River

3. Rain water is filtered

4. Fresh water is stored in clay lined cistern 5. Fresh water is collected from well-head (vera)

Brenta across the lagoon (Zwigle, n.d).

In 1800 census counted around six thousand wells in the city of Venice however, after 1884, with the construction of the modern aqueduct water supply system, many wells were demolished. Today remains only 600 wells in Venice, none of which are active (Venice, C.T, 2017).

14 Vera varied in style, from the mundane to elaborated works of art

" Venice is in water and has no water" Marin Sanudo

WATER IS COLLECTED FROM WELLS

RAIN WATER IS COLLECTED AND STORED IN WELLS

VENETIAN RITUALS; COLLECTING WATER

WELL BELL RINGS WHEN WELLS ARE OPEN

PARSONS AND THE HEADS OF THE TOWN DISTRICTS OPEN WELLS TWICE DAILY

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MODERN WATER ACCESS VENETIAN FRESH WATER In modern Venice fresh water is obtained via an aqueduct system known as the Seriola Channel, built between 1609 -1611.

The Seriola Channel, measuring 13.5km in length transports water from the River Brenta in Dolo to the lagoon edge (Laguna) at Moranzani. Here it passes through a series of filtration tanks which work to purify the water. Traditionally the water was transported to Venice from Moranzani through use of the Water Carriers Coporation. The ‘acquaroli’ or ‘watermen’ would use cargo boats called ‘burci’, singular/’burcio’, plural to transport the

Seriola Channel transporting fresh water from the River Brenta to the lagoon edge (Laguna) at Moranzani (1611).

water across the lagoon (Zwingle, n.d).

In 1884 a further aqueduct system was built beneath the lagoon and distribution channels throughout the city, eliminating the need for the Water Carriers Corporation.

By 1900 the majority of the city had access to fresh water via the modern system however, was not used by many due to the expense. Payment needing to be made for

16 Acquoli (watermen) carrying water on burci (water cargo boat) across the lagoon

Le rete idrica di Venezia (The water network of Venice)

Aqueduct water pipes on a summers morning

not only of the water but the connection and meter installation (Zwigle, n.d).

The aqueduct distribution channels can be located beneath the pavements of the city and move between islands as we do, through use of the bridges. Consequently being located beneath the paving stones the pipe work is susceptible to water ingress and requires regular maintenance. An expensive and specialist task, repair work additionally results in the more intensive maintenance of the paving stones above (Insula Spa, n.d).Â

17 Repair and maintenance of aqueducts

ACQ UA APPAREL

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ACQUA BOOTS & BOMBER KINSHIP WITH WATER Following critical reading and research in association with Oikos initial design investigations have been toward the creation of a piece of household ‘furniture’.

Furniture which speaks to the body and encapsulates the vision and principles of inhabitation.

Drawing on the concepts of kinship suggested in Haraway’s writings and care in Bellacasa’s this keyhole study understands the presence and vital role water plays among the living and nonliving; composing and contributing to the creation of environments, both natural and artificial. Not commonly considered as kin, water is an ever present part of life. The proposed ‘furniture’ encapsulates water, bringing it closer to the human body, encouraging sensorial

involvements and intimate affections, thus developing of a sense of care and kinship with water.

The name Acqua Boots is coined from the Italian word water; acqua and the apparel type of which they embody, in this instance a boot. The Acqua Boots are part of an envisaged collection of Acqua Apparel; household clothing which encapsulate water.

The collection extends to the inclusion of an Acqua Bomber (seen on drawing to right) and gives scope to a variety of wearable elements.

The boots, designed to be worn within the home encase a water based solution within an air tight plastic membrane.

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“ The door handle is the handshake of the building...”

Juhani Pallasmaa

ROAM AROUND HOME

ENTER HOME

HOUSEHOLD RITUALS; ENTERING HOME

REPLACE WITH INDOOR SHOES

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TAKE OFF OUTDOOR SHOES

"..The foot continues the conversation " Elle-May Simmonds

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MANIFESTO OUTLINE DESIGN

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Water is essential for both creating, sustaining and facilitating our way of life. The element plays a vital role among the living and non-living; composing and contributing to the creation of environments, both natural and artificial.

Life and living would not be possible without water.

Water in modern Venice is obtained through a city wide aqueduct system. Distributed from the mainland, the system runs beneath the cities pedestrian streets. Consequently the underground aqueduct is susceptible to water ingress and routine yet highly specialist maintenance, at considerable expense (Insula Spa, 2019). With construction of the modern aqueduct system fresh water

with water ‘allows us to know it better, care more deeply for it and with this extract more efficiently from it’ (Puig De La Bellecasa, 2017).

In the context of Venice, the city is colloquially known as the ‘The City of Water’.

Venice is defined by water however, Venice has no water’ (Marin Sanudo, 1500 - Venice, C.T, 2017). Detached from the mainland, Venice struggles to provide fresh water due to the lack of natural water sources available. Historically this was obtained through the use of city wide well systems, built to collect and filter rainwater. This historic system yielded a limiting quantity of water however, with this scarcity came a greater sense of care and affection.

has lost all sense of preciousness, devaluing the element and damaging the city.

Through the development of care kinship will follow. Venice is ‘The City of Water’ however, has lost its kinship with that of fresh. Dissolved through the citywide application of the aqueduct system.

Drawing on the concepts of care studied in Bellacasa’s writings we understand that care is a vital part of sustaining worlds. We must not just care for ourselves and those around us but for the worlds in which we live. Through making time for elements, in this instance, water and immersing one’s self in it, we are able to experience sensorial involvements, intimate affections and thus develop a sense of care. Spending time

With care in turn comes kinship and the act of kin-making. Defined by Haraway, ‘Kinmaking is making persons, not necessarily as individuals or humans’ (Haraway, 2015).

The Caring Urbanism proposal as outlined in Vol.01 of the two part Oikos Transformed series will seek to elevate the value of water through illustrating how water cares for us and its essentiality in our ecology.

Developed through establishing a caring relationship, the built urban environment

will encourage sensorial involvements and develop a sense of kinship with the element. Having made kin with water, the urban intervention will validate the sister architectural intervention proposed in Vol.02; Harvesting Kinship.

Marin Sanudo once stated ‘Venice is in water but has no water’, Oikos Transformed will redefine Sanudo’s statement, once again placing water in kinship with the city.

RAINWATER HARVEST (TECHNOLOGY) ROOF - SLOPED / BUTTERFLY (NOTE; VARIOUS ROOF CONFIGURATIONS HAVE BEEN CONSIDERED & INVESTIGATED AS PART OF THE DESIGN PROCESS)

MANUFACTURE

BOTTLED WATER; BESPOKE GLASS & BIODEGRADABLE CONTAINERS BRANDING; ACQUA DEL GHETTO

ANCILLARY

PLANTING

WATER FILTRATION; PHYTOREMEDIATION WATER FLAVORINGS; HYDROPONICS

WATER PURIFICATION (TECHNOLOGY) PHYTOREMEDIATION

(NOTE; BIOREMEDIATION WAS ALSO CONSIDERED & INVESTIGATED AS PART OF THE DESIGN PROCESS)

WATER BAR

WATER INFUSION; SPECIALTY WATER/TEA/ BEER (MICRO BREWERY) ACQUA BOMBER/BOOTS

PLANT ROOM WC / TOILET BLOCK GENERAL OFFICES STAFF ROOM WATER STORAGE; COLLECTED & FILTERED WWII MEMORIAL/CITRUS GARDEN BERRY COURTYARD

BUILDIN PROGRAMM

SHOP

BOTTLED WATER; BESPOKE GLASS & BIODEGRADABLE CONTAINERS TASTING STATIONS

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SITE LOCATION & ANALYSIS

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VENICE SITE ANALYSIS

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VEN ICE SITE LOCATION JEWISH GHETTO Within the studio Oikos Transformed this years design investigations will be grounded within the city of Venice, Italy.

Primal investigations within the Jewish Ghetto locate the proposed locus of enquiry. A once boundaried community the Venetian Jewish Ghetto is a historic

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area of Venice in which Jews were compelled to live by the government of the Venetian Republic (1516). The area today is still culturally active however, very few Jewish families are living in the Ghetto.

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SITE ANALYSIS BUILDING USE

ALLOCATION OF SPACE Site map illustrating current allocation of space among architectural buildings. Usage includes residence, hospitality, retailers and Jewish synagogue/museum. Courtyard is at present undefined, accommodating minimal planting and seating.

KEY Residence

Jewish Synagogue/Museum

Stores; independent retailers

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+

Hospitality; Restaurant & Hotel

HISTORIC MAPS JEWISH GHETTO

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JEWISH GHETTO KEY

A= B

Ghetto Vecchio / Old Ghetto

A

= Campo Del Ghetto Nuovo / New Ghetto Town Square

A + B=

B

Jewish Ghetto

B

A 32

ACCESS ROUTES KEY

A

= Major pedestrian routes

= Minor pedestrian routes

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DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS SUN PATH The central courtyard of the ghetto is aptly located, facing South strong sunlight is received throughout the day.

Toward the canal and the North soft light falls upon the site.

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01 NOV-JAN

02 MAY-JULY

03 MAR-SEP

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SITE PHOTOGRAPHY CAMPO DEL NUOVO GHETTO

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MATERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY BUILDING COLOURS Exploratory photography illustrates local materiality, focusing on the broad range of colours used throughout the city.

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INITIAL RESPONSE PROCESS & JOURNEY TOWARD RESOLVED RESPONSE

44 46 48 52 66

WATER REQUIREMENTS

CONSIDERED TECHNOLOGIES

CONCEPTUAL EXPERIENCE

CONCEPT MASSING

CRITICAL REVIEW

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WATER REQUIREMENTS

WATER CONSUMPTION BUILDING ANNUAL AVER-

WATER CONSUMPTION

OCCUPANCY CAPACITY

AGE AVERAGE DAILY WATER CONSUMPTION (Assumed 50% occupants male & female)

AVERAGE RECOMMENDED

ESTIMATED

=5.4KL

AVERAGE DAILY RECOMMENDED WATER CONSUMPTION PER PERSON

APPROXIMATE USABLE BUILDING AREA (Assumed 2250m2 area. 10% deduction to be attributed to plant)

=2.7L

AVERAGE ANNUAL WATER CONSUMPTION

=1.9ML OR 1.9KM3

=2025M2 OCCUPANCY FACTOR (Based on Approved Document B2; Fire & Safety, P155-156, table D1)

=1.0 DAILY OCCUPANCY CAPACITY

=2025PEOPLE

RAINWATER YIELD ROOF AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINWATER RAINFALL

= 800MM APPROXIMATE ROOF AREA

= 2500M2 44

AVERAGE RAINWATER YIELD

=2MKL OR 2KM3

RAINWATER STORAGE TANK SIZES & DESIGN OPTIONS AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINWATER YIELD

=2ML OR 2KM3 300,00L TANK CAPACITY (12.8m diameter, 2.3m height)

=6 TANKS

400,00L TANK CAPACITY (12.8m diameter, 3m height)

=5 TANKS

500,00L TANK CAPACITY (14.6m diameter, 3m height)

=4 TANKS 45

CONSIDERED TECHNOLOGIES The Bio-Integrated Design Lab at the Bartlett School of Architecture has created a modular system of tiles inlaid with algae that can filter toxic chemical dyes and heavy metals out of water.

Called Indus, the tiles are designed to be built on site in areas with contaminated water sources, where people can pour water over the tiles to purify it.

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BIOREMEDIATION WATER FILTRATION WALL Each tile is made simply by pressing clay – or a similar low-cost, local material – into fan-shaped moulds with a series of vein-like channels. These mimic the structure of leaves and their ability to distribute water evenly to every part of a plant. The ravines are then filled with micro-algae which are suspended within the “biological scaffold” of a seaweed-derived hydrogel. This keeps the algae alive while also being completely recyclable and biodegradable. The materials required to prepare the hydrogel along with the algae cells can be supplied in powdered

form and are added to water. Once filled, the tiles are assembled into a wall and water is poured into the system through inlets at the top. It trickles through the tile channels and is collected at the bottom.

As it flows over the channels, the water is subject bioremediation, in which microorganisms such as algae or fungi are used to consume and break down pollutants in the environment. The algae produce a set of compounds called phytochelatins, which enable them to capture these metals,

without which they would be unable to grow.

The compounds remove the pollutants from the water and deposit them within the cell of the algae, where they are stored. At some point, the hydrogel will become saturated and will need to be replaced. The exact timing depends on the amount of pollutants in the water, average formulations that are stable for months. Once they are saturated, the algae can be replaced with a fresh batch.

The base tiles, however, can be continually reused and re-filled.

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CONCEPTUAL EXPERIENCE MANUFACTURE

PLANTING

BOTTLED WATER BRANDING; ACQUA DEL GHETTO

WATER FILTRATION WATER FLAVORINGS

KEY SPACES

The architectural composition of Harvesting Kinship can be broken down into three key main key spaces; Manufacturing Planting Water Bar The following conceptual collages are preliminary design intentions illustrating spatial experience.

WATER BAR

WATER INFUSION; SPECIALTY WATER/TEA/ BEER (MICRO BREWERY) ACQUA BOMBER/BOOTS

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CONCEPT MASSING

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PHYCIAL MASSING VARIOUS CONFIGURATIONS As illustrated in the previous collages the use of terrarium inspired containers conceptualised a unique intervention in which water could be stored. The inclusion of submerged and surface plants was introduced to prevents stagnation, keeping the water fresh whilst additionally providing an aesthetically interesting dynamic. Taking inspiration from the geometric shapes used for planting terrariums this massing exercise has explored using these various geometric shapes as the building form.

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CRITICAL REFLECTION After having been inspired by the geometric shapes used for planting terrariums, I explored using these as a mass for the building form. Although the process yielded some interesting results I felt the geometric intervention worked more effectively on a domestic scale. Furthermore, I plan to continue massing through digital mechanisms exploring roofscapes as a design catalyst.

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ROOF DESIGN ROOF COLLECTION

OPTIMUM WATER HARVEST DESIGN OPTIONS

Incorporating rainwater harvesting and collection systems can provide a supplemental source of water for drinking (the quality is often better than surface water), cleaning, irrigation and bathing. If enough rainwater is collected and properly stored it can function as the buildings main water supply. Specialist roof design can maximize rainwater yield which can then be collected and stored in cisterns.

GABLE

CANOPY

Traditional design, water is drained and collected in gutters.

Funnel shaped design, water is drained and collected in central column

BUTTERFLY 56

Highly effective harvesting system, water is centralized and collected in ridge

SLOPED

CONCAVED

Steeply inclined roof, water is drained and collected at lowest pitch point

Concaved roof, designed to collect water in bowl like shapes

BARREL VAULT Arch based design, water is collected in central ridge

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ARCHITECTURA PRECEDENTS 58

DIGITAL MASSING EXISTING SITE ARCHITECTURE

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DESIGN OPTION 01

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DESIGN OPTION 02

CONCEPT MASSING DESIGN OPTION 03

DESIGN OPTION 04

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DESIGN OPTION 05

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DESIGN OPTION 06

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DESIGN OPTION 06

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FORM EXPLORATION MODEL MARBLED PLASTER CASTING Following exploratory digital modeling I further explored potential building forms through physical modeling. Making a plaster cast of a sloped form I additionally

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experimented with colour, drawing inspiration from the pastel facades used throughout the city.

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CRITICAL REVIEW DESIGN OPTION 06 ISSUES WITH SITE RESPONSE Having originally settled on Design Option 06 as the main catalyst for my building form and bioremediation as my water filtration technology, I began to explore this further through sketch plans and refined 3D modeling. However, throughout this process I found myself struggling as I encountered a number of difficulties.

AWKWARD GEOMETRY; FEELS LIKE IT IS WORKING AGAINST THE SITE

In response I elected to critically assess all of the work produced in the ‘Initial Response’ chapter of this document. In doing so I was able to identify where and

MAJOR ISSUES FILTERING WATER IN ONE BUILDING AND STORING IT IN ANOTHER. PUMP SYSTEM IS TOO COMPLEX,

BUILDING SHOULD BE SINGULAR OR BROUGHT TOGETHER THROUGH SHARED PODIUM

why I was having difficulties, these have been outlined in the following diagrams.

Having outlined a number of issues within the initial inquiry, the consecutive chapter, ‘Resolved Response’ illustrates a return to the massing process a deviation in technology toward phytoremediation.

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The decision to take a number of steps backward has been difficult however, I firmly believe it has been to the benefit of the project, resulting in a considerably stronger architectural and technical response.

SOUTH LIGHT IS NOT REACHING MAIN FACADES OF BUILDING. MOST IMPORTANT LIGHT FOR BIOLOGICAL GROWTH

COURTYARD HAS BEEN SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED

BIOREMEDIATION FACADE ISSUES WITH TECHNICAL RESPONSE

ALGAE WATER FILTRATION TECHNOLOGY IS PRELIMINARY. AFTER FURTHER SCRUTINY INTO BIO-ID ALGAE TILE PRECEDENT I FOUND THE TECHNOLOGY LACKED SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT ITS VIABILITY.

CONTRADICTING ACADEMIC PAPERS REVEALED THAT IN MOST CASES ALGAE CAN BE USEFUL IN WASTE WATER FILTRATION BUT CAN CONTAMINATE DRINKING WATER.

HYDRO GEL USED TO SUSPEND ALGAE WITHIN TILE HAS A LIMITED LIFE SPAN AND MUST BE REPLACED EVERY FEW MONTHS. THIS PRESENTED A MASSIVE ISSUE WITH REGARDS MAINTENANCE. TILE REPLACEMENT WOULD BE EXPENSIVE, DIFFICULT AND EXTREMELY TIME CONSUMING.

THEORETICAL RESEARCH SURROUNDING WATER FILTRATION THROUGH BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS HAS LED ME TO MOVE TOWARD PHYTOREMEDIATION AS A FILTRATION TECHNIQUE

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HARVESTING KINSHIP RESOLVED RESPONSE

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70 74 80 84 94 98

WIP SKETCHES

MASTER PLAN

COLLECTION & FILTRATION

PHYTOREMEDIATION

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

STRUCTURAL INTENT

108 130 132

ARCHITECTURAL INTENT

RIBA PART II CRITERIA

LEARNING SUMMARY

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WIP SKETCHES 70

INITIAL DESIGN

DEVELOPED DESIGN

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DEVELOPED DESIGN

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FINAL DESIGN

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MASTER PLAN

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DIGITAL MASSING CONTINUED DESIGN OPTION 07

DRAFT SITE PLAN

A

DIGITAL MASSING CONTINUED

B

DESIGN OPTION 07 DEVELOPMENT

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SITE PROPOSAL DEMOLITION STRATEGY

01

Following massing model development defined in semester 01 I have elected to partially retain part of the previously demolished existing architecture on site. Retained architecture now includes; culturally and historically significant buildings located in the south west and east of the site, including the Jewish Museum of Venice & synagogues .

02 PHASE 01 76

PHASE 02 -

CURRENT SITE

RETAIN & DEMOLISH

FINAL FORM 02.

PROPOSED DESIGN

Separate Forms - Retains appearance and effectiveness of butterfly roof - Creation of central light-well, enabling sunlight to penetrate into deep space

01.

04.

Butterfly Roof Form - Highly effective water collection form for rainwater harvesting

Stagger Form Height - Enables additional light to enter space

05.

03.

Stagger Form Position - Enables additional light to enter space - Positioning accommodates surrounding foliage; trees in ghetto

A

B

Stagger Form slope - Enables additional light to enter space - Creation speed variation in rainfall collection

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ACQUA BOOTS & BOMBER EXHIBITION

AQUA APPAREL

WATER

EXCHANGE/

BOTTLE

EXHIBITION

STORE

TEA HOUSE

SPECIALTY TEAS

PHYTOREMEDIATION FACADE

SPECIALTY BEERS

MICRO BREW

WATER BAR

BOTTLE PLANT

BIODEGRADABLE BOTTLES GLASS BOTTLES MURANO

INFUSED WATER

HYDROPONIC TOWERS; INFUSION FLAVORINGS FOR WATER 78

CANAL

CANAL

ACQUA BOOTS & BOMBER WORN IN BAR

UNDERGROUND WATER STORAGE

DELIVERY DOCK

PUBLIC WATER PURCHASE

EXTERNAL BERRY COURTYARD

PHYTOREMEDIATION FACADE

ALLOCATION OF SPACE

WWII MEMORIAL/ CITRUS GARDEN

ADJACENCY DIAGRAM

ORGANISATION STRATEGY SITE OVERVIEW

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COLLECTION & FILTRATION

HARVEST STORE BELOW GROUND TANKS

ARCHITECTURAL WATER LIFE CYCLE RAIN WATER HARVESTING

PRIMARY FILTRATION

RAIN WATER

HIDDEN GUTTER

STORE - Underground water storage protects water from sunlight - Algae growth/contamination and temperature fluctuations are mitigated

SECONDARY FILTRATION

SLOPED ROOF

- Hidden gutter collects water from sloped roof

TANK FILTER & GRAVITY FED SEDIMENTATION

GUTTER GRATE

+ 80

- Optimised sloped roof design for maximum rainwater yield

- Grated gutter prevents infiltration of large contaminates such as leaves - Water is directed into below ground tanks for storage

- Water passes through 0.5mm filter at top of tank to remove large particles - Particles smaller than 0.5mm sink to bottom of tank through gravity fed sedimentation

PHYTOREMEDIATION

QUATERNARY FILTRATION

AQUATIC PLANTS

ULTRA VIOLET LIGHT

WATER PUMPED OUT +

- Water is extracted from top of tank and pumped into tertiary filtration system

- Tanks contain both floating and submerged aquatic plants

- Finally water passes through UV light - Light kills any harmful bacteria still remaining in the water - Water is suitable for consumption

PHYTOREMEDIATION TERTIARY FILTRATION

FILTRATION

FILTERED WATER CONSUMPTION

PHYTOREMEDIATION FILTRATION FACADE

CONTAMINATES REMOVED BY PLANTS

- Tertiary filtration forms south facing building facade and is composed of a series of rectilinear water tanks

- Plants metabolize nitrates, ammonia and heavy metals found in water - Consumption of contaminates prevents algae growth - Plants consume CO2 during transpiration and release O2 into water

- Water is filtered and ready for consumption

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PRECEDENT STUDY PHYTOREMEDIATION Royal College of Art graduate Pratik Ghosh has designed a home filtration system that’s powered by plants. Housed under a glass dome pipes allow waste grey water to be added to the system, purified and later collected for drinking.

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Drop by Drop houses plants under a glass dome. Pipes allow water to be added in to be purified, and later collected. The system is designed for gray water. A light within the dome triggers the plants to photosynthesise and transpire, so water is drawn through the roots and onto the leaves, where it enters the air as vapour.

A pump controls the system’s airflow and creates a vacuum to further expedite transpiration. The moisture is then drawn out of the dome, and condensed to form

purified distilled water – which can have salt added to make it suitable for drinking. Drop

by Drop also releases oxygen into the room.

It is a biosphere wherein the five key factors necessary for efficient transpiration, namely warmth, wind, light, pressure and humidity, are maintained at an optimum level. The soil is filled with microbes and insects that provide carbon dioxide for the plants. A watering can that sits alongside the dome is on hand to encourage users to pour in dirty water.

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PHYTOREMEDIATION AQUATIC PLANT TAXONOMY SUBMERGED PLANTS; REQUIREMENTS

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TAPE GRASS

WATER THYME

CANADIAN PONDWEED

Sunlight - Full sun / partial shade Water Temp - Temperate & tropical; will survive in both depending on species Substrate - Rooted to base sediment

Sunlight - Full sun / partial shade Water Temp - Temperate & tropical; will survive in both depending on species Substrate - Rooted to base sediment

Sunlight - Full sun / partial shade Water Temp - Temperate & tropical; will survive in both depending on species Substrate - Rooted to base sediment

FLOATING PLANTS; REQUIREMENTS

WATER LILLY

WATER POPPY

WATER LETTUCE

FLOATING FERN

Sunlight - Full sun / partial shade Water Temp - Temperate & tropical; will survive in both depending on species Substrate -Rooted to base sediment

Sunlight - Full sun Water Temp - Tropical Substrate - N/A - floating roots

Sunlight - Full sun / partial shade Water Temp - Temperate Substrate - N/A - floating roots

Sunlight - Full sun / partial shade Water Temp - Temperate & tropical; will survive in both depending on species Substrate - N/A - floating bunches

FAIRY MOSS

Sunlight - Full sun / partial shade Water Temp - Temperate & tropical; will survive in both depending on species Substrate - N/A - floating bunches

DUCKWEED

Sunlight - Full sun / partial shade Water Temp - Temperate Substrate - N/A - floating bunches

WATER CELERY

Sunlight - Partial shade / full shade Water Temp - Temperate & cool Substrate - N/A - floating roots

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PHYTOREMEDIATION FACADE

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PHYTOREMEDIATION TANKS AQUATIC PLANT ECOLOGIES

Plant Ecology -Tank Type Example 01

Plant Ecology -Tank Type Example 02

Water Lilly

Water Lettuce

Fairy Moss

Duckweed

Canadian Pondweed

Canadian Pondweed

Water Thyme

Tape Grass

87 Tape Grass

PHYTOREMEDIATION AXO SOUTH FACING ARCHITECTURAL FILTRATION FACADE KEY PLAN

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FACADE SECTION

FACADE ELEVATION

FACADE CROSS SECTION

Phytoremediation facade

Access platform for facade maintenance /Louver pivot zone

* see subsequent maintenance details for further information

Curtain wall Facade

Underground water storage tanks * see subsequent structural intent for further information

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FILTRATION PROCESS WATER CIRCULATION

Steel Channel

Sliding Track

Section - Encase pipework - Access panel within top section

- Track embedded to underside of channel section Enables manual movement of tank lid for maintenance access

Steel Rotating Pivot Axis - Rotational axis enabled tank facade to operate as louver - Regulate internal sunlight levels

01.

-Tank fills with rain water out of underground collection tank (note: this only occurs at the east end of the facade, where the tank series begins) -High level water sensor shuts off intake value when water reaches maximum volume

02.

- Purity sensor indicates when water has reached desired purity level (note: each tank sensor is calibrated individually, each becoming more pure in the series)

-Purity sensor opens outtake value and drains tank - Low level water sensor shuts off outtake valve when water reaches minimum volume -Low level water sensor opens intake valve provided previous tank is pure

High Level Water Sensor -Connected to intake valve Low Level Water Sensor -Connected to outtake valve

02.

01.

03.

Water Purity Sensor -Will enable water to be released into next tank once calibrated

Rainwater Intake

purify level is reached

- Collected rain water Intake connected to collection tank underground

03.

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- Intake valve fills tank - High level water sensor shuts off intake value when water reaches maximum volume - Cycle repeats

Filtered Water outtake - Clean filtered water can be extracted at end of system and consumed

Tank LED Lighting - Embedded artificial lighting for evening lighting

Compressed Co2 - Required for plant respiration & to encourage water circulation -O2 is provided by plants as a bi-product of photosynthesis

WATER CIRCULATION SERIES

KEY PLAN

Filtered Water Outtake - Water at end of system is in its purest form -Water is siphoned and stored for drinking

FILTERED WATER

RAIN WATER

STORE

STORE

-Filtered water is stored in underground tank to protect from light contamination - Water mains supplies filtered water throughout to building

-Water captured on roof is drained into storage tank ready for filtration - Tank is underground to protect from light contamination

Rainwater Intake - Collected rain water is siphonically pumped vertically out of storage tank and into phytoremediation filtration system

PURIFICATION Water Purification - Tanks work in series to purify water - Water becomes more pure as it passes through the series

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MAINTENANCE STRATEGY TANK ACCESS & MOVEMENT Removable Access Lid -Removable lid enables access to tank contents - Bolts are removed from upper lid

Sliding Roller Track - Track built into underside of steel channel section enables tank lid to be slid across when disconnected from base

Pipework - Water intake, outtake and compressed CO2 pipework is accommodated for within steel channel section -Pipework is fed through tank boxing

Sliding Access Lid - Lid is disconnected from tank - Lid slides across using track roller system -Tank is accessible -Tank is reached used basic ladder equipment

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Ball Bearing Rotating Cylinder - Ball bearing mechanism enables tanks to pivot around a central axis - Rotational capabilities provides solar shading within building and maintains positive plant health (see environmental stratergy) -Rotating mechanism is controlled by internal, daylight senor - manual overide also available

MAINTENANCE STRATEGY CLEANING TANKS & CURTAIN WALL

Key Plan Facade Cleaning Access - Door within curtain wall element of double skin facade enables access behind phytoremediation facade for cleaning and maintenance

Access Door within Curtain Wall - Door within curtain wall element of double skin facade enables external access. This detail has been repeated throughout the building as part of the maintenance strategy

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ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN SOLAR SHADING

LOUVERED/ROTATIONAL PHYTOREMEDIATION FACADE

Rotating Facade - Tanks are fixed in place using a pivot axis, enabling rotation

Daylight Sensor - Monitors light levels within building -Sensor controls orientation of facade tanks

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Internal Shading - Tank orientation controls light levels within building

Plant Health - Tank orientation controls light levels on plants - Rotation prevents plants burning

INTERNAL SHADING - BAR SPACES

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THERMAL EFFICIENCY DOUBLE SKIN FACADE - WINTER MODE KEY PLAN Solar Gain - Sun rays heat air within double skin cavity creating a buffer zone

Thermal Buffer / Reduction in Heat Loss - Heated air buffer zone works as a barrier to heat loss.

Sun-heated air contained in the cavity can heat spaces outside the glass, reducing the demand for indoor heating systems

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Acoustic Buffer / Sound Insulation - Air buffer zone acts as a barrier to external sounds, improving internal auditory comfort Wind Buffer / Wind Loading Protection - Double skin protects from wind loading at harsher times of the year

Tanks in Closed Position - Closed phytoremediation tanks traps air in-between double skin facade

VENTILATION / COOLING STRATEGY

Passive Ventilation - Top opening windows within curtain wall can be opened to ventilate internal space

DOUBLE SKIN FACADE - SUMMER MODE

Chimney Effect/ Reduction in Solar Gain - Double skin cavity is opened and vented outside the building to mitigate solar gain and decrease the cooling load - Excess heat is drained through a process known as the chimney effect, where differences in air density create a circular motion that causes warmer air to escape. As the air temperature in the cavity rises, it is pushed out, bringing a slight breeze to the surroundings while isolating against heat gain.

Tanks in Partial Closed Position - Partially closed phytoremediation tanks provides solar shading via plants in whilst simultaneously mitigating solar gain

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STRUCTURAL INTENT STRUCTURAL OVERVIEW CAST IN-SITU CONCRETE FRAME CONSTRUCTION Building A

Building B Roof -Standing Seam on cast in-situ concrete deck

Structural Concrete Columns -9m x 6m rectangular structural grid

Glazing -Full height glazing behind phytoremediation facade Concrete Core -Lift & stair core

Structural Concrete Wall -Cast in-situ -Pigmented Concrete (pink) Grade 2 & 3 Combination Concrete Basement - Better utility; plant room Type B & C Combination Basement Tanking Strategy - Structurally waterproof concrete & cavity drain design

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One Way Voided Concrete Floor Slab - Cast in-situ - Rectangular structural grid -9m maximum span at columns -10m maximum span at solid walls -Singular span direction

Phytoremediation Facade -Water Filtration

Independent Water Storage Tank -Waterproof concrete tank inset from basement walls

STRUCTURAL GRID RECTANGULAR GRID

Concrete Column Grid - 9m x 6m rectangular grid spacing - Columns inset from glazed elements

Concrete Wall Grid - 10m x 6m rectangular grid spacing - Buildings retained below 10m width; maximum span for concrete construction -Narrow span eliminates requirement for intermediary columns; flexible interiors

One-Way Voided Concrete Floor Slab - Singular directional span - Two edge support system - Reinforcement bars used throughout in bearing direction

= 300MM THICK FLOOR SLABS

99 Table taken from The Constructor, Reinforced Concrete Slab Design Guidelines, 2013

STRUCTURAL SECTION BUILDING A STRIP SECTION Basement Head Detail -Grade 2/3 combination basement (better utility/ habitable) -Type B & C combination basement tanking strategy

Basement Footing /Water Retention Tank Detail -Type B & C combination basement tanking strategy; combination approach due to high risk environment - Water retention tank inset from waterproofed basement to enable maintenance and avoid any water contamination

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KEY PLAN Roof Detail -Standing Seam on concrete deck -Hidden gutter behind parapet at low end of slope for water collection

Intermediary Floor & Wall

Detail -Cast in-situ concrete floor and wall - Voided bubble deck concrete floor (reduce material)

* See subsequent details for further information

BASEMENT FOOTING DETAIL COMBINATION WATERPROOFING - TYPE B & C BASEMENT Canal Waterproof concrete (300mm) Mechanical fixing Drainage membrane

Stored fresh water Waterproof concrete water retention tank (300mm) Floor membrane Screed topping (75mm) Void former ; extruded polystyrene insulation; impervious to moisture (75mm)

Newton overtape (specialist subcontractor) Condensation strip

Perimeter base drain Thermal break

Concrete upstand; independent from concrete floor, support points for water retention tank Waterproof concrete pile cap

Concrete pile foundation; going down to bedrock

Waterproof membrane ran 150mm on upstand with secondary waterproof layer lapped over to create water tight seal

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BASEMENT HEAD & INTERMEDIARY FLOOR DETAIL TYPE B & C BASEMENT WATERPROOFING & VOIDED BUBBLE DECK FLOOR Terrazzo topping (150mm)

Leveling screed under-bed (50mm) Bubble Deck Concrete Slab - No compromise on slab strength - Reduction in material - Flat slab technology -Cast in-situ

Cast in-situ voided bubble deck concrete floor (300mm)

Structural R-bar grid

Liquid applied waterproofing Waterproof concrete Mechanical fixing

to soffit Drainage membrane to be lapped at soffit junction

Drainage membrane Blockwork head restraint

Blockwork internal wall

Canal

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Blockwork Head Restraint Detail - Ancon blockwork head restraint - Secures internal blockwork and allows for vertical movement

BASEMENT GRADING & TANK DESIGN GRADE 2 & 3 COMBINATION The basement within the structure has been specially designed to both withstand water penetration from the adjacent canal and hold collected/purified water within an independent retention tank. Due to the need to both keep water out and retain water within the grading of the basement

can be defined as a combination of both 2 and 3. The function of the basement requires grade 2, housing plant and water whilst the need for a dry environment requires grade 3. The table below outlines the grading of basement as defined by The Basement Information Centre; Concrete Basements.

Concrete open slatted tank top to enable maintenance access and water regulation Water intake, outtake and overflow pipes overhead

Fixed ladder access to tank; enabling water level and PH check

Perimeter tank access via plant room

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INTERMEDIARY FLOOR & WALL DETAIL VOIDED BUBBLE DECK FLOOR WITH TERRAZZO FINISH Glazed aluminum window frame Terrazzo topping (150mm) Leveling screed under-bed (50mm) Traditional Venetian Terrazzo Finish - Contextually suitable - Terrazzo is elastic and can resist minor stresses and strains without cracking - Longevity; extremely durable - Resistant to damage

Cast in-situ voided bubble deck concrete floor (300mm)

Structural R-bar grid Thermal bridge break Cast in-situ concrete wall (300mm)

Steel Met sec Stud work Air gap (20mm)

Extruded polystyrene insulation; impervious to moisture (150mm)

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Polythene vapor barrier

Service void Plasterboard suspended ceiling Deflection Head Detail Plasterboard (12.5mm) Plaster finish / Stucco lustro finish (polished plaster)

Deflection Head Detail - x2 layers of plasterboard bolted to concrete slab -15mm deflection void between met sec head restraint and insulation

ROOF DETAIL STANDING SEAM ON CONCRETE DECK

Zinc parapet helmet Waterproof membrane lapped underneath parapet Cast in-situ concrete wall (300mm)

Cast in-situ sloped concrete deck

Leveling screed Extruded polystyrene roofmate insulation (150mm)

Roll Formed Standing Seam Roof - Most suitable roof type for water collection; highest collection efficiency - Powder coated or enameled, Galvalume (zinc + aluminum alloy) with non-toxic baked or enamel finish

Standing seam roof sheeting Thermal break

Steel met sec stud work with deflection head detail Air gap (20mm) Extruded Polystyrene insulation; impervious to moisture (150mm)

Service void Sloped plasterboard suspended ceiling Plasterboard (12.5mm)

Polythene vapor barrier Plaster finish / Stucco lustro finish (polished plaster)

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EXPERIMENTAL HANDMADE TERRAZZO INTERNAL FLOORS Inspired by the venetian floor typologies, I have experimented with making my own terrazzo. Using Jesmonite resin as a base the experimentation has given me an opportunity to explore the aesthetic qualities of the traditional technique.

Terrazzo was made up of two layers of crushed brick and stone set in lime mortar, each layer well beaten down with battering rams for several days. Several months passed between the layering of the two layers, The top layer also contained chips of coloured material, so that when it was smoothed off with mill stones and oiled

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with linseed oil the effect was like a random mosaic.

STRUCTURAL BENEFITS - Floor has a degree of elasticity which enables it to resist minor stresses and strains without cracking (often experienced due the ‘floating’ city) -Longevity; extremely durable - Low cost, aggregate is often recycled - Eco-friendly - Resistant to damage, including water, fire, chemicals and staining

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ARCHITECTURAL INTENT ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW FLOOR PLATES Building A

Building B

Second Floor - Micro Brew - Access to Courtyard - Toilets

First Floor - Water Bar - Berry Courtyard - Toilets Ground Floor - Bottling Plant - Staff Facilities / Ent. - Delivery Dock

Basement - Collected & Purified Water Store -Plant Room

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First Floor -Tea House - Access to Building A

Ground Floor -Main Public Ent. - Acqua Apparel Exh/Exch - Water Store

Basement - Collected & Purified Water Store

SOUTH FACADE PHYTOREMEDIATION FACADE

South Axo

109 Phytoremediation Facade

Phytoremediation Plant Tank

Aquatic Plants

NORTH FACADE EXTERNAL LANDSCAPING

North Axo

110 Plant Climbers

WWII Memorial Plaques (existing) - Retained WWII holocaust plaques; historic sensitivity - Rehoused in memorial in garden, fixed to walls; public access

WWII Memorial Garden/Citrus Garden

MEMORIAL GARDEN

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ELEVATIONS 1:250 @ A3

EAST ELEVATION

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NORTH ELEVATION

Venetian Stucco - Surrounding buildings in Venice are rendered in colourful stucco

KEY PLAN

Pigmented Concrete - External concrete structure will be pigmented pink -Pigmented concrete gives contextually appropriate finish to architecture

Aquatic Planting - Water filtrating plants encased in tanks work to continuously filter water through phytoremediation, making it suitable for drinking - Lush green plants and water form south facing facade

WEST ELEVATION

KEY PLAN

Phytoremediation Tanks - The process of phytoremediation has inspired creation of the phytoremediation facade, an original and unique technological proposition

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SOUTH ELEVATION

ARCHITECTURAL SECTIONS CROSS SECTION AXONOMETRIC KEY PLAN

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KEY PLAN

SECTION A-A

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SITE PLAN SITE ACCESS

Acqua Alta - A very high tide (usually during a full or new moon). Low atmospheric pressure. A scirocco wind blowing up the narrow, shallow Adriatic Sea, forces water into the Venetian Lagoon and causes Venice to flood in a phenomenon known as acqua alta - Acqua alta in the Jewish Ghetto has reached record heights of +200mm - Site has been raised +1000mm to combat and future proof against this

KEY Pedestrian Access

Delivery Access - Glass bottle deliveries from Murrano - Spice deliveries for water flavourings

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Acqua Alta Level +200mm

SITE ACCESS NEW ACCESS BRIDGE / NEW SITE LEVEL KEY Existing Pedestrian Bridge; stepped walkway access to Jewish Ghetto courtyard Proposed Pedestrian Bridge; new ramped access direct to new site level +1000mm (raised podium counteracts venetian acqua alta which is +200mm in the Ghetto)

Proposed Stepped Access; new stepped podium access around perimeter of building to new site level +1000mm (raised podium counteracts venetian acqua alta which is +200mm in the Ghetto)

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ARCHITECTURAL PLANS 1:250 @ A3

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BASEMENT

GROUND FLOOR

119

120

FIRST FLOOR

SECOND FLOOR

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BUILDING A INTERNAL SPACES

Water Bar & Micro Brew - Bar space for flavoured water and beer

Vertical Hydroponic Towers - Hydroponics is a subset of hydroculture, which is a method of growing plants without soil, by using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent.

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Berry Courtyard - External courtyard provides space to grow pot based berry bushes and small citrus trees to flavour water

Water Flavorings - Hydroponic towers grow herbs and select fruits to flavour water/beer

GROUND FLOOR STAFF ENTRANCE BOTTLING PLANT & DRINKING FOUNTAINS

Bottling Plant - Infused water is bottled in Ooho and glass bottles where it is then transported to Water Store to be sold for public consumption

Drinking Foundations - Staff entrance is furnished with drinking fountains designed in semester 01 - Staff can have free, fresh drinking water

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BUILDING B

Biodegradable Water Containers - Ooho is a packaging solution manufactured from algae. The packaging is tasteless and can be eaten whilst consuming the liquid inside.

INTERNAL SPACES

Glass Bottles Imported from Murano, Venice - Murano, Venice is famous for its glass.

Recyclable glass bottles will be used to contain sellable water

Tea House - Bar space for flavoured Tea

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Water Store - Store selling flavoured water made in bottling plant - Water is sold in Ooho, edible, biodegradable bottles or glass bottles

ACQUA APPAREL EXHIBITION & APPAREL EXCHANGE

Acqua Apparel Exhibition - Acqua Apparel designed and developed in semester 01 will be exhibited within building and act as the entry point

Acqua Apparel Exchange - Visitors can exchange their shoes and jackets for Acqua Apparel which can be worn within bar - Clothing brings water closer to people and encourages the concept of kinship with water

EXCHANGE CLOTHING

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EDIBLE & BIODEGRADABLE BOTTLES OOHO Ooho and other packaging solutions manufactured are made from Notpla, a material made from seaweed, a form of algae. The packaging is engineered to be tasteless so it can be eaten whilst consuming the liquid inside, if you choose to throw the membrane away the material is also biodegradable. Notpla is revolutionary material made from seaweed and plants which biodegrades naturally in 4-6 weeks. Notpla is made from one of nature’s most renewable resource, brown seaweed, a form of algae. Growing up to 1m per day, it doesn’t compete with food crops, doesn’t need fresh water or fertiliser and actively contributes to de-acidifying our oceans.

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At the heart of the innovative solution is a local manufacturing machine that produces Oohos on-site in the range of 20-150mL per sachet, depending on the application.

The primary business model is to lease the machine and sell cartridges of materials to co-packers and event organisers, enabling them to produce and sell fresh Oohos containing drinks or sauces as desired.

The machine is still in development and will be available to lease in 2021. Future applications include development of heat sealable films, sachets and nets.

SPHERIFICATION EDIBLE EXPERIMENTATION Inspired by Skipping Rocks Lab Ooho product, I have experimented with the concept of creating an edible water bottle at home through the method of spherification.

Using a combination of a sodium alginate and calcium lactate solutions I have encased water within a plastic free container.

SPHERE SOLUTION

SPHERIFICATION

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EDIBLE WATER BOTTLE

AQUEOUS GLASS KINSHIP WITH WATER Glass and water encasement experiments. Creating a sense of seduction with the water and bringing the water closer to the user ; kinship with water.

Poetic euphoria experienced within building.

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Aqueous Glass will be used in the following internal elements; - Glass table tops - Bar tops - Reception desks

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RIBA PART II CRITERIA GC1 Ability to create architectural designs that satisfy both aesthetic and technical requirements.

.3 the creative application of such work to studio design projects, in terms of their conceptualisation and representation.

GC1 The graduate will have the ability to:

GC4 Adequate knowledge of urban design, planning and the skills involved in the planning process.

.1 prepare and present building design projects of diverse scale, complexity, and type in a variety of contexts, using a range of media, and in response to a brief; .2 understand the constructional and structural systems, the environmental strategies and the regulatory requirements that apply to the design and construction of a comprehensive design project; .3 develop a conceptual and critical approach to architectural design that integrates and satisfies the aesthetic aspects of a building and the technical requirements of its construction and the needs of the user.

GC2 Adequate knowledge of the histories and theories of architecture and the related arts, technologies and human sciences.

GC4 The graduate will have knowledge of: .1 theories of urban design and the planning of communities; .2 the influence of the design and development of cities, past and present on the contemporary built environment; .3 current planning policy and development control legislation, including social, environmental and economic aspects, and the relevance of these to design development.

GC5 Understanding of the relationship between people and buildings, and between buildings and their environment, and the need to relate buildings and the spaces between them to human needs and scale.

GC2 The graduate will have knowledge of: GC5 The graduate will have an understanding of: .1 the cultural, social and intellectual histories, theories and technologies that influence the design of buildings; .2 the influence of history and theory on the spatial, social, and technological aspects of architecture; .3 the application of appropriate theoretical concepts to studio design projects, demonstrating a reflective and critical approach.

GC3 Knowledge of the fine arts as an influence on the quality of architectural design.

.1 the needs and aspirations of building users; .2 the impact of buildings on the environment, and the precepts of sustainable design; .3 the way in which buildings fit into their local context.

GC6 Understanding of the profession of architecture and the role of the architect in society, in particular in preparing briefs that take account of social factors.

GC6 The graduate will have an understanding of:

GC3 The graduate will have knowledge of:

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.1 how the theories, practices and technologies of the arts influence architectural design; .2 the creative application of the fine arts and their relevance and impact on architecture;

.1 the nature of professionalism and the duties and responsibilities of architects to clients, building users, constructors, co-professionals and the wider society; .2 the role of the architect within the design team and construction industry, recognizing the

importance of current methods and trends in the construction of the built environment; .3 the potential impact of building projects on existing and proposed communities.

GC10 The necessary design skills to meet building users’ requirements within the constraints imposed by cost factors and building regulations.

GC7 Understanding of the methods of investigation and preparation of the brief for a design project.

GC10 The graduate will have the skills to:

GC7 The graduate will have an understanding of: .1 the need to critically review precedents relevant to the function, organisation and technological strategy of design proposals; .2 the need to appraise and prepare building briefs of diverse scales and types, to define client and user requirements and their appropriateness to site and context; .3 the contributions of architects and co-professionals to the formulation of the brief, and the methods of investigation used in its preparation.

GC8 Understanding of the structural design, constructional and engineering problems associated with building design.

GC8 The graduate will have an understanding of: .1 the investigation, critical appraisal and selection of alternative structural, constructional and material systems relevant to architectural design; .2 strategies for building construction, and ability to integrate knowledge of structural principles and construction techniques; .3 the physical properties and characteristics of building materials, components and systems, and the environmental impact of specification choices.

GC9 Adequate knowledge of physical problems and technologies and the function of buildings so as to provide them with internal conditions of comfort and protection against the climate.

.1 critically examine the financial factors implied in varying building types, constructional systems, and specification choices, and the impact of these on architectural design; .2 understand the cost control mechanisms which operate during the development of a project; .3 prepare designs that will meet building users’ requirements and comply with UK legislation, appropriate performance standards and health and safety requirements.

GC11 Adequate knowledge of the industries, organisations, regulations and procedures involved in translating design concepts into buildings and integrating plans into overall planning.

GC11 The graduate will have knowledge of: .1 the fundamental legal, professional and statutory responsibilities of the architect, and the organisations, regulations and procedures involved in the negotiation and approval of architectural designs, including land law, development control, building regulations and health and safety legislation; .2 the professional inter-relationships of individuals and organisations involved in procuring and delivering architectural projects, and how these are defined through contractual and organisational structures; .3 the basic management theories and business principles related to running both an architect’s practice and architectural projects, recognising current and emerging trends in the construction industry.

GC9 The graduate will have knowledge of: .1 principles associated with designing optimum visual, thermal and acoustic environments; .2 systems for environmental comfort realised within relevant precepts of sustainable design; .3 strategies for building services, and ability to integrate these in a design project.

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LEARNING SUMMARY LEARNING SUMMARY This semesters design project, Harvesting Kinship has been a continuation of work explored during semester 01; Caring Urbanism. The theories and principals outlined in the project have underpinned those explored during this project and strongly informed the direction of my work.

Working from an outside in approach and engaging with the recommended critical reading the studio has enabled a more matured understanding of household nature and ecological living. With this understanding I have been able develop a conceptually and ecologically strong manifesto orientated around the concepts of care

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and kinship which poetically narrates, grounds and justifies my architectural interventions.

Having a strong narrative to guide my architectural direction has contributed greatly to the level of enrichment I feel I have been able to achieve within both the architectural and technological proposals. Both elements I feel have been conclusively resolved and deliver a strong story.

With more time I would have like to further work up some of my interior and exterior renders to really capture the essence of the building and its inhabitants. In turn, develop a branding strategy for the water store.

The Oikos studio has uncovered in interest in biological technologies and illustrated to myself my capabilities as a designer. Very pleased with how the facade has developed, I hope I can continue the ingenuity through to final year.

ANNEX

ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT

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INITIAL RESPONSE

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INITIAL RESPONSE BIOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY BIO-ID ALGAE FACADE The Bio-ID algae tile is a modular system of tiles inlaid with algae that can filter toxic chemical dyes and heavy metals out of water, this mechanism will purify collected roof rain water and transfer it to storage facilities.

Called Indus, the tiles are designed to be built on site in areas with contaminated water sources, water is poured over the tiles to purify it.

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TECHNICAL DETAILS BIOREMEDIATION FACADE A

DETAIL 01

DETAIL 02

A

NORTH WEST ELEVATION

TECHNICAL SECTION A-A

1:50 @ A3 /1:75 @A4

1:50 @ A3 / 1:175 @ A4

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DETAIL 01 - ROOF HEAD / HIDDEN GUTTER 1:10 @ A3 / 1:15 @ A4

CORRUGATED STANDING SEAM ROOF PRECEDENT STUDY

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DETAIL 02 - FOOTING 1:20 @ A3 / 1:50 @ A4

TYPICAL VENETIAN FOUNDATION PRECEDENT STUDY

137

FACADE INTERIOR VIEW AND MAINTENANCE STRATEGY

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