MC Digital Edition 9.22.21

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Fall in Line Financially This Season Money. A5

Michigan Chronicle

Vol. 85 – No. 3 | September 22-28, 2021

Powered by Real Times Media | michiganchronicle.com

Black Exodus Why Some Black Detroiters are Leaving to Find New Places to Call Home

By Sherri Kolade Former Southwest Detroit resident LaShay Heard decided she had enough. The 24-year-old, who now lives in Wyandotte, chose to move to the Detroit suburb in 2019 after living in a city that she says has “dangerous crime” rates that could have jeopardized her young family. “Too much shooting, too much robbing,” Heard said, adding that “the response time for the police to respond was too long.” She said during one particular incident in Southwest Detroit someone tried to run into her car and she called the police and they “never came.” “We Don’t Look Out for Each Other” Another time she called the police because a man tried to beat her and her friend up. “The police called me back and said, ‘nobody was able to handle the call,’” she said, adding she chose to move after that incident. “[It] got to the point where either [I] stay here and have something happen to me or leave.” Over the last decade, Detroit and Michigan’s Black population dropped in numbers, according to the latest U.S. Census that reveals Black residents have grown as the majority in two Detroit suburbs, The Detroit News reported. Thanks to that uptick and shifting, Black residents are more sprawled throughout Wayne County in places like Harper Woods, and in Macomb County in cities like Eastpointe, which elected its first Black female mayor, Monique Owens in 2019. A lot more African Americans are also calling Warren, Michigan’s third-largest city, home according to the article. “Much of this is due to African Americans in Detroit moving to suburban communities with affordable housing and good schools,” Kurt Metzger, a demographer who is Pleasant Ridge’s mayor said in the story. “Here we have communities that border the city and which saw large numbers of African Americans moving in last decade when more than 180,000-plus African Americans left. They have found the suburbs to be welcoming and have continued to move in.” According to the Census, the Black population ballooned 58 percent from 2010 to 2020 in Harper Woods; 89 percent in Eastpointe; from over 45 percent in 2010 in Harper Woods to 66 percent in 2020, and up over 29 percent in 2010 in Eastpointe to roughly 53 percent Black, according to the article. Primarily Black suburbs before the recent U.S. Census report included Southfield and Oak Park. For Heard, she said while moving to Wyandotte was a safer choice, she feels that Detroit is still more welcoming and, depending on where you go, more neighborly – especially when she grew up in Detroit and “you knew everybody on your block.”

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EXODUS page A2

Painting the City Red: How Redlining Impacts Detroit

By Megan Kirk

manual outlined racial provisions in light of the new burst of homeowners. Saying in part “incompatible racial groups should not be permitted to live in the same communities,” the manual provided a blueprint on how to keep the races separated in housing and education and was used until it was challenged.

Detroit’s Metro area is among the most highly segregated cities in the country, ranking second among 25, according to a 2019 USA Today report. Additionally, Warren, Dearborn and Detroit are considered some of the most segregated cities in America. A contributor is Detroit’s history in redlining which has helped to keep the city at the top of the list for decades. A practice rooted in racism and segregation, redlining creates an environment where the American dream of homeownership cannot exist for Black families. Redlining is a practice dating back generations with an impact that has had a ripple effect for many Black families. Although the term was not adopted until the 1960’s, the act began under President Franklin Roosevelt in 1933. Under the New Deal post-depression era, the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) was created to help jumpstart the economy and provide home loans to the American people. However, such loans were purposely withheld from African Americans. Backed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), HOLC was able to service roughly one million homes from its inception in 1933 until 1936. In 1935, the FHA launched a program that would assess the racial makeup of the country’s largest cities -- including Kalamazoo, Detroit, Battle Creek and Pontiac-- according to their loan information. This allowed the HOLC to create what was once known as “residential security maps.” Using a shading system, neighborhoods were graded with a combination grade and color scale. Com-

WHAT’S INSIDE

Anthony Kellum, President of Kellum Mortgage. munities with a heavy concentration of Blacks received a Grade D ranking and were colored red. These maps helped to create early segregation in the mortgage industry as lenders used these maps to determine loan status. “If you drive around and look at our neighborhoods, you can see blatant redlining. Things have gotten better, but you have to understand the history of redlining. If they drew red though this map, it meant hazardous. If Black folks lived there or minorities or had lower income, they would automatically tag it as hazardous. Those are still prevalent issues that we deal with today,” said Anthony Kellum, president of Kellum Mortgage In 1936, the Underwriting Manual for the FHA gave instructions for how home loans should be distributed. The

“I just closed on a loan for a lady that’s 79 years old. I can’t say that that is something that would have been able to happen in the past,” says Kellum. Detroit is home to a larger percentage of renters than owners. In 2019, roughly 30 percent of the homes in Detroit were rented compared to 36 percent for the national average. Organizations like the Fair Housing Center of Metropolitan Detroit are in place to ensure cases of discrimination could be reported and recorded. “As to our records, the Fair Housing Center of Metropolitan Detroit, during the April 1, 2018, through April 1, 2021, period, received 219 reports of housing discrimination from Detroit residents. Approximately 78 percent of the complaints were received from tenants,” says Steve Tomkowiak, executive direc-

See REDLINING page A2

COVID-19 Health Disparities

COMMEMORATIVE EDITION

By Megan Kirk

Honoring the Life & Legacy of

Dr. O’Neil D.

Swanson Sunrise: April 6, 1933 — Sunset: March 27, 2020

She Overcame Detroit Motivational Speaker Let Laughter be Her Medicine During Summer COVID Battle

Roots. A3

$1.00

The enactment of the Fair Housing Act of 1968 outlawed housing discrimination based on race, sex, national origin and religion, however, housing practices had already been established and lenders and borrowers were still caught in the crosshairs. Now, 53 years later, even though redlining has been outlawed, African Americans are still suffering the blows of racism in the housing market.

Dr. Denise White-Perkins

COVID-19 has claimed more than 600,000 lives nationwide and the numbers continue to climb. For communities of color, the pandemic has had a damning effect. Approximately 73,000 African Americans have lost their battle with the virus and account for 15 percent of cases to date. With higher rates of hypertension, diabetes and stroke, the effect of the coronavirus on African Americans is a multi-level system of health disparities; and the pandemic helped to uncover them. African Americans account for just over 13 percent of the United States population. However, the infection numbers for COVID-19 and the death rates for Black communities have surpassed all other ethnic and racial groups. While the virus is equal in its approach, it is not equal in its outcomes. Historically, African Americans have faced greater barriers in their access to affordable healthcare. Lower rates of access or insurance coupled with high rates for certain ailments puts Black and Brown communities at a higher risk for lasting health impacts caused by COVID. With the national

average of African Americans without health coverage standing at 11 percent, disparities in health coverage directly contribute to disparities in overall health and wellness. “Disparities are not new. We’ve seen many diseases that affect Black and Brown communities at a much higher rate. When you think about diabetes, hypertension and cancer, I think what this pandemic did was really shine a light on those issues, and it’s multi-factorial,” says Dr. Denise White-Perkins, director of healthcare equity initiatives and office of system diversity equity and inclusion at Henry Ford Health System. “Part of it has to do with the fact that there are certain conditions that make you more at risk for contracting it or having a more difficult time if you get it. Also Vice Chair of Academic Affairs for the Department of Family Medicine for Henry Ford Health Systems, the doctor noted issues with high blood pressure and obesity can also contribute to the effects of the virus. In addition to health issues, socio-economic standing also factors into the spread of COVID-19. Barriers in access to healthcare often

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DISPARITIES page A2


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