SHARED COMMUNITY IN PROGRESS by Vicky M

COMMUNITYSHAREDINPROGRESS Regenerating and developing the neighbourhood in Lower Kersal Studio MANCHESTERB+C SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MA ARCHITECTURE & URBANISM

ABSTRACT MA Architecture & Urbanism

There are two projects in Studio C part.

This report will propose a solution to deal with the problem of mobility and prosperity, at the same time targeting public safety and flood issue.

STUDIO B + C

To create a neighborhood where beneficial for long-term sustainable living. The structure of this report is divided into two parts: Part one is studio B of research, its for learning and understanding the site history, local conditions, and issues. Part two is studio C of the proposal, it is to propose a scheme to deal with the problem that was found at Studio B.

Another project is to pick up one site from the master planning scheme, to develop it more detailly. In this report, Lower kersal social club refurbishment and new Water sports centre will be at this stage.

Yichen Meng

One is the Masterplanning proposal, it is targeting the entire site. From 3 aspects: urban networks, green space access, and riverside route to find the solution. Through the analysis, the overall site is designed with the development of the focal nodes to drive the surrounding development.

02 Kersal area in 2006, from Flicker (2022)

03 Introduction Background Master Planning Problem Street Models Social WatersportsClub The story of site Values: aims & objectives Studio B Studio C Street model overview High street model Boulevard Residentialmodelstreet model Riverside path model Historical timeline Castle Irwell Kersal flats Historical heritage River Irwell What are the on-going projects Communityonsite? overview VisionMasterplanningPlanningPlanningMasterplanningMasterplanningDesignProposalProcedurebriefanalysis-1analysis-2breakdownofnodes TABLE OF CONTENT

04 Project DefinitionDiagnosis BibliographyConclusion Theory & Precedents Club Watersports&Centre Book & MapsGovernmentWebsitesArticalesMagazines&BlogspublicationFinal Vision:Vision:Vision:DesignOutcomesvisionstrategyurbannetworksgreenspaceaccessWarerconnectionExisting urban fabric Climate Communityanalysiswelfare services Mobility Demographicissue SummaryObervationSecurityFloodSocio-economicanalysisissueissueissueplan Shared street theory Case studies: master planning Case studies: Urban street design Case studies: Riverside development Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) Phase of development Site VisualizationsElevationsDetailGroundProgrammeSiteConceptualDesignMaterialCaseExisitinglocationbuildingstudiesstudiesprogrammediagramplanlevelplanplans&sections

05 Introduction What is about this project? 0907The Valuesstory

06 Littleton Rd Houstons, author’s own (2022)

07 THE STORY of site

The studio A vision were: outdoor theater, dog training facil ities and horse race sculpture in Kersal Wetland site; Kersal 3zones garden, gate design in Kersal flat and Kersal Dale site; Community cafe and urban farm in Littleton & Cromwell Roads area.

In Studio A project, our group has split into 3 semi-groups which focus 3 part of the site. There are: 1). Kersal Wetlands(Castle Irwell Student Housing site); 2).Kersal Flats site, Kersal Dale, and surrounding housing; 3). River Irwell, Littleton & Cromwell Roads.

Our value was from prosperity, liveability, community, mobility, culture and environment 6 aspects to answer the question of ‘How should we live next to such a wealth of landscape resourc es where nature seemingly has taken priority over urban(people) considerations?’

Studio A ‘living with landscape’ Site Location: Kersal

The site is the suburb of the City Salford in Greater Manchester. It is located East corner of Salford and 2.5miles (4.0 km) Northwest from Manchester city Centre.

Kersal

My Focus : Urban Networks Community networks. • Green spaces connectivity. • River and waterway access. Junhao’s Focus : Central Conmmunity 15 Minutes walkable city. Mix-used building. Perdestrian friendly design.

Sarmad’s Focus : Green Infastructure

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Studio B ‘Shared comminity’

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Studio B is the continuity of Studio A. From the 6 aspects of prosperity, liveability, community, mobility, culture and environment in studio A. My focus was based on the development of urban network. Which is to provide 3 connections: individuals with individuals, people with green space and people with river. From Central Salford (approx.) 15 257nominaccessminmin From Central Manchester (approx.) 35 min no access 15 55minmin

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The river Irwell flows from north to south which divides the land into three areas: Ker sal, Broughton and Irwell riverside. Our site is at the joint of the three area.

• Implement green tech to existing paths and buildings. Revitalise British Vita site and green space.

•

09 VALUES : aims & objectives Methodology Problem Identification Research of theory & case studies Site Analysis Site Observation FROM STUDIO A TO STUDIO B & C • Social housing • Identifying city DNA • Economic prosperity Prosperity • Cultural transmission • Technological development • Culture education Culture • Safe street • Wakeable street • Bike friendly street • Connection to nature • Riverbank accessibility Mobility

10 Establish design strategies Project defination Conceptual development Design • Amenities needs • Safety & security • Convenience of living • Public sanitation • Job opportunities Liveability • Sense of belonging • Esteem needs • Minority friendly • Age friendly • Culture embracement Community • Wild animals protection • Rain water recycling • Waste / rubbish recycling • Flood defence • Sustainable development Environment

11 Background How Kersal was transformed from the past? 23151316171921Historical timeline Castle Irwell Kersal flats Historical heritage River Irwell What are the on-going projects onsite? Community overview

Littleton Rd Bus Station, author’s own (2022) 12

The Clowes preserved the higher ground land for wealthier owner while the working class homes were in the Lower area. This meant there was a se rious lack of public housing in the area around this era.

100200300400500600700800900 1000m UniversityofManchesterVickyMeng 22July202222:00 Projection:BritishNationalGrid Scale1:10000 DigimapG L 0 O U T O S N 100200300400500600700800900 1000m UniversityofManchesterVickyMeng 22July202222:00 Projection:BritishNationalGrid Scale1:10000 Digimapm m 2 O U A O A U N 0 100200300400500600700800900 1000m UniversityofManchesterVickyMeng 22July202222:32 Projection:BritishNationalGrid Scale1:10000 DigimapG C R E C N E O Y 100200300400500600700800900 1000m UniversityofManchesterVickyMeng 22July202222:02 Projection:BritishNationalGrid Scale1:10000 Digimm o G p n C w o F R D C N E O Priory of Lenton1763-19011548-16601548-16601540-15481142-1538 Baldwain Willoughby Ralph TheByromsKenyonofManchesterClowesFamily 13 HISTORICAL TIMELINE 1850s: Ends of lordship Major Historicaltimelinelordship 1890s: Lack of public housing 1900s: Littleton road & horse racecourse 1930s: Start of social housing

The Clowes had lordship over Kersal during this time. Until 1840, they began selling off land for development which mostly were wealthy mansions in High er Broughton and Kersal. Cromwell Road, Broughton and Charlestown visibly grow with industrial sites, factories and worker homes. The map shows Littleton Road coming into existence.

The Kersal Flats first appeared in the late 60s (they were eventually demolished in the 90s). The horserace track was shut down in ‘63 and bought by Salford Uni around ’73.

0 100200300400500600700800900 1000m 22July202222:15 Projection:BritishNationalGrid Scale1:10000 Digimap F R D C N E O Y 100200300400500600700800900 1000m UniversityofManchesterVickyMeng 22July202222:19 Projection:BritishNationalGrid Scale1:10000 Digimap 100200300400500600700800900 1000m UniversityofManchesterVickyMeng 22July202223:37 Projection:BritishNationalGrid Scale1:10000 Digimap 100200300400500600700800900 1000m UniversityofManchesterVickyMeng 22July202222:02 Projection:BritishNationalGrid Scale1:10000 DigimapG C F C O N 14 housing 1960s: More housing 1970s: Kersal flats 1990s: Student village Now

Around 1923, the first real progression began on Littleton Road with the first set of housing on the piece of land. Around the 1930s, the council began investing in council housing for the area. view of Kersal Cell, the Irwell, and Littleton Road fields in 1953. Between 1923 and ‘67, the housing complex that dominates the site appeared. Major changes we see from this to present day is the village has been replaced with a new Castle Irwell housing development, the Wetlands and the demolishemnt of the ma jority of Kersal Flats.

Now2015~2018

Castle irwell has undergone many functional changes in the past 170 years. From the real castle to the racetrack to the student village, this venue has left memories for as many as eight generations.

Castle Irwell from Southwest about 1860. Castle Irwell about 1962. Crowed in horse racecourse stand site. Castle Irwell about 1980s. Castle Irwell about 2015. The swans live in Kersal Wetland. Castle Irwell, Whit lane, Neil Richardson. Castle Irwell was built in 1826 by John FitzGerald. The land was firstly used as course in 1902. The site was home to an esti mated 40,000 students from the University of Salford for almost 50 years until it finally closed in June 2015. The creation of a flood basin was completed in March 2018. Castle Irwell Home is a new housing project is under construction at the moment. 1860s 1902~1963 1973~2015

CASTLE IRWELL

Kersal flats from the openning till now has exsited for 70 years.

KERSAL

Kersal flats about 1962. Kersal flats about 1987. A shot from the Dale of John Bacon Court and Chaucer Court falling. Flood in Kersal flats about 1980s. A street party in Cheadle Avenue. The construction of 492 flats began in 1952, with the first being opened in 1962. In late 1970, it was considered these concrete jungles created social alienation and social dislocation. The rising rates of unem ployment, coupled with problems of crime and anti-social behav iour in the early to mid 1980s. 8 flats were demolished in 1990. The other blocks were sold to private developers to renovate for private sale. 2 flats were painted white and renamed. And these 2 flats were eventually demolished in 1999. Now only 2 flats still stand today. Known as ‘Communities in the Sky’, the flats became home to thousands, as part of the post-war solution to the massive housing crisis. The Kersal estate was considered one of Britain’s largest resi dential housing estates of its time. 1952~1962 1962~1975 1975~1985

FLATS

A bird view of Kersal flats site in 1953.

Now1990~1999

1. Kersal Cell - 1145 10. Kersal wetland 2. Kersal 2. Littleton Kersal has the second oldest building in Salford. 17 HISTORICAL HERITAGE N 3 2 10 8 7 4 6 5 9 1 1145 20051755

2018

It is a new outdoor space to enjoy, cre ated as part of a £10 million flood protection scheme in 2008.The Wetlands is at the site of the old Manchester Racecourse and is a new home for birds, wildlife and nature.

propertiesThisproblem are of

The small monastery of Kersal Cell was founded by the Earl of Chester, Stephen Ranulf Gernons, around 1145. It was dedicated to St Leonard, with its mother house being the Cluniac priory at Lenton, near Nottingham.

InLittletonthe Broughton,ily andandDale

flood basin is to alleviate the flood problem by protecting some 3000 properties against the 1 in 75 year flood are nearing completion to the west Littleton Road. The cost of the work is around £ 11 million. The construction of 492 flats began in 1952, with the first being opened in 1962. Eight flats were demolished in 1990. Two more flats were eventually demolished in 1999. Now two flats are owned by private companies. The Cliff is a sports ground in Brought on, Salford on the banks of the River Irwell, that was used as rugby league club Broughton Rangers’ home ground until 1933. In 2018, it became home to Manchester United Women. This oak framed building situated on the banks of the Irwell was built in 1930 to satisfy the thirst of punters at the nearby Manchester racecourse which closed in 1963. St Paul’s Church on Moor Lane, was built in 1851–1852. The only church in Lower Kersal is the Anglican St Aidan’s on Littleton Road, a brick-built church opened in 1972 which seats about 120 people. The Turnstile Building on Cromwell Road will form an integral amenity for Castle Irwell, a community of 500 contemporary homes curently under construction on the site of the former Manchester Racecourse. This is one of the 54 branches of The Pendleton Co-operative Industrial So ciety which had been founded in 1860 and by 1911 had shops across Salford. the 19th century, the Clowes fam ily decided to develop their land in Broughton, but only for grand houses and suitable public buildings. Kersal Dale was developed, in part for golf and in part for homes for the wealthy.

3.Saint Paul’s Church 8. Kersal flats 4.Racecourse Turnstiles 7. The Cliff (training ground) 5.Pendleton department store 6.The Racecourse Hotel Kersal LittletonDaleroad basin 18 1755 1851 1902 19301911193319522005

During the Industrial Revolution factories, mills and terraced hovels grew up along the river banks. Local industry dumped toxic chemicals into the river, such as gas-tar, gas-lime and ammonia water, and by 1850 fish stocks had all but disappeared.

IRWELL 2005200019801970195119461850

RIVER

19 8 7 9

5. Broughton Bridge Iron chain suspension bridge built in 1826 to span the River Irwell between Broughton and Pendleton.

1951-Work started. September 1970-Finished. The total cost of the project was £2m. A scheme for improving a section of the river between Littleton Road and Adelphi Weir in Salford for boating purposes. July 2000-there was a setback for the clean-up programme when a pollution incident affected approximately 2+1+2 miles (4 kilometres) of the river between Rawtenstall and Ramsbottom, causing the death of more than 36,000 fish. A £1M project to make the river “the cleanest it has been for decades” was announced by United Utilities.

2. The River Irwell Bridge was built in 1830 by George Stephenson, was part of Liverpool Road railway station.The bridge was designated a Grade I listed building on 20 June 1988.

1946-there was serious flooding in Salford, caused by a bottleneck at a bend in the river at Strangeways, on the border with Manchester. At the same year-the decision was made to straighten and widen the river to increase its capacity to defend flooding had been a problem for 100 of years.

9. Footbridge The bridge is 64.06 m (210.19 ft) long. 8. Littleton Bridge Dedicated to the public and opened by alderman Sir W Stephens Mayor of Salford August 9th, 1905.

6. Cromwell Rd Bridge was build in 1882 to connect the Broughton and Pendleton areas of Salford. It has a single span of 125 ft, made especially wide to allow for the improvement of the river channel.

20 1 2 3 4 6 5

7. Kersal Wetland Footbridge was installed to link the wetlands area with footpaths in Kersal Dale. It has a single concrete span, and because of the his tory of floods in the area, an unusually tall arch.

4. Victoria Bridge is a stone arch bridge in Greater Manchester, England. Complet ed in 1839 and named after Queen Victoria, connecting Salford to Manchester.

3. Blackfriars Bridge is a stone arch bridge in Greater Manchester, England. Completed in 1820, connecting Salford to Manchester.

1. Regent Bridge connects the township of Hulme with the borough of Salford and is about 1 mile from ex change. The bridge was opened in 1808.

21 WHAT ARE THE ON-GOING PROJECTS ONSITE? 1 3 24 6 1. Stairs at Littleton Road Basin Staircases installed for the Littleton Road 3.Pendleton Homes A plan for 470 homes as redevelopment of 21-acre industrial site in Pendleton. 4.Hydro Project at Charlestown Weir This is a government project consists of a single Archimedes screw and a fish pass. 2.Riverbank View Phase 3 The third phase of Riverbank View houses is going to have 158 homes of 2,3 and 4 bedroom.

5.Castle Irwell Salboy is transforming the former Castle Irwell stuent village site to a new residetial neighbourhood. About 500 family homes, 3 acres of gardens and a new school are being built in this site.

7.Seaford Road Homes Kellen Homes has submitted plans for 135 homes redevelopment of a former plastics factory on Seaford Road.

22 5 6 7

6.The Tree of Knowledge/Irwell Valley Salford City Council wants to create 45 homes where Irwell Valley High School once stood.

23 COMMUNITY OVERVIEW Old community NeighbourKersal1960sFlatshood Students Village CastleIrwell The park in the mid 1970s full of people and activity. the1970s,Castle pub Football club Hourseracecourse streetAparty inAvenue.Cheadle Celebrate the Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth the II

24 Current community Sew ing Knitting and Nattering at St Aidan’s Cooking club Paint ing, harvest ing, composting lots of old plants at the groups Allotments. Kersal Kick er’s Line Danc ing at St Church.Aidan’s FootballKersalclub

Problem Diagnosis What kind of situation we are facing in Lower Kersal area? 25 4034302827293233353638394142Existing urban fabric Climate Communityanalysiswelfare services Mobility Demographicissue ObervationSecurityFloodSocio-economicanalysisissueissueissueplan Primary route Secondary route Hydrological route Ecological route Summary

Kersal way, author’s own (2022) 26

A T R E R G L L L A E S O E A R E ROMNEY STREET T V O EPW I D I L MOA T R D W W P L R DA FFOD I L S T E L I P S N S TAM FOR D R OAD O D E R Y G E E HO P E R D L T S c h S OSWALD CL A W A OR D L ICHF IELD STREET R S E T S T G E A TAB LE Y S TR E E T BLOSSOM WAY M N E KV H E W E E HC S A R E HO P E R O A D R S M M A C K E N Z I E R O A D T K L R T L I T T L E T O N R O A D T N Y F R P N T V IL S U FFO LK S TR E E T H A F T O N R O A D S O D B C A L TO N A V E N U E E SOUTHRADFORDSTREET E V D IV O UE Y E M LE A T EOB A SC N S R A KERSALWAY H R M O N S A L A V E N U E A 40m A D O C R E E R S A N GR IFF IN STREET S O W T I G R E C I A N S TR E E T W U CLIFF AVENUE I R M ILDR ED S TR E E T E N N E A E O T P a v N H S T G T VILLAGE ST A N T N ALBERTPARK ROAD V D R N H E B L S YE L E P a v R I E OAK ROAD C A H I U R O A R R E O N O I T N E L S O N S TR E E T P A LM E R S T B C R O F T S T R E E T H G HELEN STREET I N O T T 3 0m 4 5m 4 7m B6187 I R Y B A R L U A A N H BRADLEY AVENUE A O PW E L U R NORTHALLERTONROAD D C ommun ty GR I NDON AVENUE E E A D W P rima ry S c hoo A UKRAINE RD U E N E V G E L owe r K e rs a l I STANTON AVENUE V V VALENCIA RD K H N T V S L E E U G AYRSHIREROAD N N R A E E U T E P O K INGSLEY AVENUE E S Y S O K E S Y A D W I N S T E R A V E N U E C S N S S K T R O R A E D ES N PN D A I E SN O M G C 2 7m RTGEA B6186 F N C O N S TO N S TR E E T T he A lbion O L O A L T A CEDAR PLACE D PWDCROMWELLROAD E N O A R SATURNGROVE O S T B O N F A C E R D R D L R W E L FO R D S TR E E T R A P LE A N CAMPSTREET T S GEMINIROAD D E DP E N D U E OD H gh S c hoo A H MARK AVENUE T O Y G G S S R O L R E 3 5m R r R O G R E A T C LOW E S S TR E E T B HOWE STREET E r R BACK DUNCAN STREET BACK HOWE STREET Is s W R L B S L A U R BACKHOPEST S p r v N HUGH O LDHAM DR IVE G I L A R l W O D T U ARRANSTREET E C R S e O w P O s s R Y T S R E G DOUGLAS ST W O A H HOPE STREET NT T E T D S c h O K I PLING ST Y EA E E R R O H O i e Is s l S p re a d s R Y DUNCANSTREET I E T HI K R P G 3 0m 35m BASSET AVENUE G H A D D O N S T R E E T I A GERALD ROAD S E A F O R D R O A D N H D E R A P O R T R GR EYHOUND DR E Y L T E E W S C Y E CROMWELLROAD R B R A E S A576 Track B rdge L itte t on W e ir F B C a s tle H ill S po r ts F a c ity P la y ing P pg S ta S e wa ge A lo tG dn s F ie ld L ow e r P a rk A lbe r t K e rs a l D a le W a lne s s I ndus tria l E s ta Ote rc ha rd S tre e t B r dge Indu s tr ia l E s ta te S e a ford l F ie ld C liff e F ood B a s n a s C a s tle Irw e l aVl T he P la y ing rKe O u t a ll M a s t M a s t C rom w e l B r dge C ha r le s tow n 27 EXISTING URBAN FABRIC Buildings River There is a clear distinction between dense and sparse buildings. The map shows the unique shape of where the wetland is located. Existing plan River Wetland water Building Non building area

Green space RoadsLand use

From a spatial point of view, the river stands in the main position. However, the perimeter of the green spaces area mostly occupied by spaces. of River Irwell and

The proportions of the building and the space are rela tively harmonious. There is a clear distinction between dense and sparse buildings. For example, buildings in the south of the river are denser than in the north.

Primary street Secondary street Tertiary street Semi-private street Imformative path Train rail Green canopy Grass field Waste land Residential FactoriesPublicCommercialbuildingsbuildingsbuildings

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

In Salford, the summers are comfortable and partly cloudy and the winters are long, very cold, windy, and mostly cloudy.

The clearest month of the year in Salford is July, dur ing which on average the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 53% of the time. The cloudiest month of the year in Salford is December, during which on av erage the sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 72% of the time.

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction) at 10 metres above the ground.

Sun Wind Cloud Salford experiences some seasonal variation in monthly rainfall. Rain falls throughout the year in Sal ford. The month with the most rain in Salford is November, with an average rainfall of 71 millimetres. The month with the least rain in Salford is April, with an average rainfall of 41 millimetres.Residential facility for adults with mental retardation.

The windier part of the year lasts for 5.6 months, from 13 October to 1 April, with average wind speeds of more than 18.9 kilometres per hour. The windiest month of the year in Salford is January, with an average hourly wind speed of 21.9 kilometres per hour.

The length of the day in Salford var ies extremely over the course of the year. In 2022, the shortest day is 21 December, with 7 hours, 28 minutes of daylight; the longest day is 21 June, with 17 hours, 2 minutes of daylight. The earliest sunrise is at 04:39 on 18 June, and the latest sunrise is 3 hours, 46 minutes later at 08:25 on 29 Decem ber. The earliest sunset is at 15:49 on 13 December, and the latest sunset is 5 hours, 53 minutes later at 21:42 on 2426°C.June. Based on the tourism score, the best time of year to visit Salford for warm-weather activities is from late June to late August.

Climate and Average Weather Year Round Rainfall

Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 3°C to 20°C and is rarely below -2°C or above

8 1 2 31 32 9 10 11 12 14 24 29 30 25 26 27 28 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 13 3 4 5 6 7 N 1. Salford Primary Care Together 2. Mocha Parade Medical Practice 3. Bluebell Court Care Home 4. Laburnum Court Care Home 5. Holly Court Care Home 6. Newbury Green Medical Practice 7. Newbury Place Health Centre 8. Rowlands Pharmacy Salford Lps 9. Lower Kersal Community Primary School 10. Manchester United Training Academy 11. MUFC Training Academy 12. St Sebastians R C Primary School 13. Saint George’s Church of England Primary School 14. Nebras Arabic School 15. The Albion Academy 16. Makehay Day Nursery 17. Tiferes Girl’s School 18. St Boniface RC Primary School 19. Brentnall Primary School 20. Beis Yaakov High School For Girls 21. Broughton Jewish Cassel Fox Primary School 22. Etz Chaim Boys School 23. St Pauls C Of E Primary School 24. Genting Casino Salford 25. The Cliff Football Club 26. Saraniya Dhamma Meditation Centre 27. Salford City FC 28. Salford Sports Village 29. St Sebastian Community Centre 30. Beacon Centre 31. Saint Aidan’s Church 32. Machzikei GasShops,Restaurant,HadasscafeMarketstation Ideal Welfare plan • Facilities for the elderly; • Rehabilitation facilities for people with physical disabilities,protective facilities; • Protective facilities for women • Child welfare facilities • Residential facility for adults with mental retardation. Current Welfare plan • Education includes primary school, high school, tranning academy. • Lower Kersal is distanced from welfare facilities. • Social facilities are private groups. • Lack of amenities. • Residential facility for adults with mental retardation. 30 WELFARE SERVICES

31 MOBILITY ISSUE

are

Bus Stop 2 on Littleton RdBus Stop 1 on Littleton Rd Public Retal Cycle & Scooter Salford Crescent Train Station Bike Rental Points Train Station Bus Station Car RentalRentalParkingbikeParkingscooterParking Bus ScooterTrainRouteRailservice realm Bike service realm Site Public transportation

Public

- Complax transfor to reach the Lower Kersal area. - Public transportation is mainly distributed on the Priamry street. - Except for own a private car, Lower Kersal neighbourhood has only one op tion (taking Bus) to access other area. - No public cycle service in Lower Kersal area. rental services realm located in the south area. Rented bike and scooter needs to be returned to the service realm to avoid extra charge.

32 Road condition Road:physical 20Road:sighposted,segregationnofacilitymphspeedlimit Road: cycling facility Road: Perdanstrainadvisory/suggestedcross Rough traffic free route Good traffic free route -Rough surface route is unfriendly to walk during the rainy day. -For cyclists, cycling Lanes are not consistent. -No cycling Lanes road has hidden traffic danger for -Cyclistscyclists. sometime mixs with perdastrainer at per dastrain cross. -Cars are randomly parking in the side of the road witch blocks the road.

Population general health is a self-assessment of a person’s general state of health. In the 2011 Census people in the Kersal area were asked whether their health was very good, good, fair, bad or very bad.

• There were several people waiting for the bus near the bus stop.

MinorityFamily

The population of Kersal identifies themselves as 86% white, 3% mixed, 3% Asian, and 3% black. In Kersal, 54% of residents aged 16 and over are married, compared to the UK average of 50.9%. These marital status statistics for people in Kersal include census data for people aged 16 or over (excluding 16-18 year olds in education).

Public education for local to deve lope respect to different ethnic groups and dis able

33 DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS 0-16 41% 17-30 17% 31-45 17% 46-60 12% 61-75 8% 75-90 4% Age Breakdown House households 0 Man 50% Woman 50% Household Breakdown White 86% Mixed 3% Asian 3% Black 3% Other 5% Ethnic Groups Marital Status Single 34% Married 54% Other 12% General Health Very Good 46% Good 32.4% Fair 14% Poor 5.9% Very Poor 1.7%

A few dogwalkers and Babysitters can be seen occasionally in Kersal Wetland.

Students Elders Dog walkers

Potential User:

Analysis of the data shows that there is a total popula tion size of people (residents) living here, of which 50% are recorded on official sources as male, and 50% female; women outnumber men in Kersal.

• Some middle school students can be seen leaving school around 4 pm.

• This area is in the external public area and is generally uninhabited.

Social education opportunities: Music, Sports, Art, different knowl edge

Children

•

Existing User: Construction Young studentsJoggersCyclistsBlack people Babysitters

Analysis of the data shows that there is a total population size of people (residents) living here, of which 50% are recorded on official sources as male, and 50% female; women outnumber men in Kersal.

Publicpeople.ficilities

friendly for families & babysitters: con venient store, safer streets. Public realm shoud be more friendly for children: safer streets, playground, more fre quent public space for children to play, run and have fun. Building more welfare fa cilities is not the goal, here needs the environment that is friendly to elder people: Fine street for elder to walk. Public space for elder to stay. Public community centre for elder to spend time.

ISSUE

Fig 6 Salford Index of Multiple Deprivation score by decile Areas of Salford within the most deprived 10% nationally Areas of Salford within the most deprived 1% nationally IoD2019 are made up of several indicators. Domains are weighted indicators are given different weight. These latest data available. However latest data available is several years old, including 2011 census figures. IoD2019 publication some indicator values have been published. Preliminary analysis of those with Areas of Salford within the most deprived 1% nationally IoD2019 are made up of several indicators. Domains are weighted differently (see Section 4 above) and within the domains the indicators are given different weight. These one or more years, using the latest data available. However for several latest data available is several years old, including 2011 census figures. As part of IoD2019 publication some indicator values have been published. Preliminary analysis of those with the Areas of Salford with in the most deprived 10% nationally Areas of Salford with in the most deprived 1% nationally

WarringtonTrafford Salford(include Lower Kersal) Worst (Lower is better)

The map below (fig 6) shows the distribution of deprivation across Salford. Areas of high deprivation (most deprived 10%) and extreme deprivation (most deprived 1%) are also shown. The most deprived parts of the city are mainly concentrated around Langworthy, Irwell Riverside, and Broughton in Central Salford with smaller pockets in Little Hulton and Winton.

Fig 6 Salford Index of Multiple Deprivation score by decile Areas of Salford within deprived 10% nationally Areas of Salford within the most deprived 1% nationally

The most deprived parts of the city are mainly concentrated around : Langworthy, Irwell Riverside, Broughton in Central Salford with smaller pockets in Little Hulton and Winton. Lower Kersal Benefits & Unemployment Statistics below (fig 6) shows the distribution of deprivation across Salford. Areas of high deprivation deprived 10%) and extreme deprivation (most deprived 1%) are also shown. The most deprived the city are mainly concentrated around Langworthy, Irwell Riverside, and Broughton in Central with smaller pockets in Little Hulton and Winton. Salford Index of Multiple Deprivation score by decile Areas of Salford within the most deprived 10% nationally Areas of Salford within the most deprived 1% nationally

SOCIO-ECONOMIC

These figures are an indicator of BOTH unemployment and underemployment.

7.Domain Level Change Salford Index of Multiple Deprivation Scoro by Decile Salford with smaller pockets in Little Hulton and Winton.

Lower Kersal Property Ownership & Rental Statistics

The map on the right shows the distribution of deprivation across Salford. Salford was ranked the 18th most deprived local authority (out of 353) in England according to the 2010 Index of Multiple Deprivation.

Littleton Rd basin: In 2005, a flood storage basins with a capacity of 650,000 cubic metres (850,000 cu yd) have been constructed to the west of Littleton Road, at a cost of around £11 million.

35 FLOOD ISSUE

Flood History Flood Defence The lower reaches of the Irwell have flooded many times in its history, the most well documented being the floods of 1866, 1946, 1954, 1980, 2007, 2015 and 19462020.-5,300 properties were flooded. 1954-600 properties were flooded in 1954. 1866-the “year of the great Flood”, the river had risen 14 feet (4.3 metres) above normal at Peel Park. In all, £1 million of property was damaged, 450 hectares of land was flooded, 700 people had to be rescued from wrecked homes, but only one man died by drowning. A statue in Peel Park recorded the flood height in 1866, 1946. Flood in Kersal flats in 1980.

Inlet

Littleton Rd Playfeild Basin

Kersal Wetland: The £10million second Salford Flood Basin was officially unveiled, two years after the Boxing Day Flood of 2018.

InletOutlet Outlet Kersal Wetland Basin

An inquest has opened into the death of a 37-year-old woman, who was found in the River Irwell. A stolen car was crashed on Bury New Road last week (January20.2022) The showingmap the area where a dispersal order is being issued in Kersal. James Whincup has been jailed after throwing a homemade petrol bomb into a Kersal social club A man is in hospital after being stabbed in the street following reports of a ‘fight involving youths’. Dispersal order issued in Salford after ‘unacceptable and distressing’ anti-social behaviour Police launched into a chase after spotting a car believed to haveons’‘weap-inside. Crime Index: 66.17 Safety Index: 33.83 Contributors: 15 Last update: January 2022 36 SECURITY ISSUE Crime Crime rates in Salford • Level of crime • Crime increasing in the past 3 years • Worries home broken and things stolen • Worries being mugged or robbed • Worries car stolen • Worries things from car stolen • Worries attacked • Worries being insulted • Worries being subject to a physical attack because of your skin color, ethnic origin, gender or religion • Problem people using or dealing drugs • Problem property crimes such as vandalism and theft • Problem violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery • Problem corruption and bribery Safety in Salford • Safety walking alone during daylight • Safety walking alone during night 65.0075.0069.6466.6757.1464.2960.7180.0041.6775.0082.1464.2957.1451.67 HighHighHighHigh Moderate VeryHighHigh High Moderate VeryHigh High High ModerateModerate Low

Jan Gehl Principle Sustainable

Lower Broughton Road Littleton Road Littleton Road Littleton Road LittletonKersalRoadDaleHope CromwellRoadRoad Primary Route Secondary Route HydrologicalEcologicalRouteRoute

37 Questions •••• Tasks 5.4.3.2.1. OBSERVATION PLAN Observation route ObservationObservation inspirationLifeBetween

Soft City: Building Density for Everyday Life

Buildings: Using public space ‘Life Between Buildings: Using public space’ is Jan Gehl’s classic text on the importance of designing urban public space with the fundamental desires of people as guiding principles. The book describes essential elements that con tribute to people’s enjoyment of spaces in the public realm. These elements remain remarkably constant even as architectural styles go in and out of fashion and the character of the ‘life between buildings’ changes.

“In Soft City, David Sim draws from his great experience working on projects on all continents and in all corners. You will benefit from his outstanding ability to see, to observe, and to reflect upon the scenes from life and cities. Soft City is an important addition to the growing literature on people-friendly architecture and city planning. Indeed, architecture and city planning need to be quite a bit more soft. Here is a good place to start.”

4. How traffic occupies the street such as car, bike, animals, and people: elder, children, wheeled walking.

3.Walking distance. Recording to Gehl (2011), 400 to 500m ordinary daily walking distance for most people. For children, old people and disabled people are considerably less.

Space for staying

1. Pay attention to the width of the streetscape/demotions in a different street.

1. Zone for staying – the edgy effect.

5. Protection from crime? Jacobs has examined the rela tionship between activity level and degree of safety on a street. Also, can be called ‘street watching’.

Tasks Photograph the front elevation of the building in the Recordstreets. the activities. Draw the section of the streetscape. Include the path in the park and next to the river. Defining soft or hard edgy of the street corner. Rate each route base on liveability experience.

What to focus?

2. Building types on the street side. What pavement and street surface conditions for separating the use of the street?

5. Riverbank accessibility. Any possibilities for enhancing the quality of the walk experience near the river?

4. Seeing, hearing, and talking.

Questions How can we build a sustainable living space for a win-win between humans and nature? How can security be improved in this neighbourhood? How can the liveability for different age groups be enhanced? How can we develop a sense of community in this neighbourhood?

Observation script

Space for walking

2. Activities are growing from the edgy. What activities are going on in the street or in the park/nature?

6. Protection from vehicular traffic? Protection from un pleasant weather?

Principle Sustainable healthy shared streets.

3. A good place to sit? Well-functioning city areas offer many opportunities to sit.

39 PRIMARY ROUTE 1 2 3 54 6 7 98 1211101413 Distance: 1.3 mils (2km) Walking time: 26 minutes Cyclying time: 7 minutes Lower Broughton Rd Cromwell Rd Littleton Rd 1 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 3 2 4 Trash in the street. No cycle lane. Shops closed down. Poor road condition. Trash in the street. No Newamenities.stairsinconstruction.Strangeemtpy space. No cycle lane. Narrow sidewalk. Poor road condition. No amenities. Narrow sidewalk for bus station. Private cars parking on sidewalk. Trash in the street. N

1 2 4 5 6 7 8 109 11 12 14 13 3 40 SECONDARY ROUTE Distance: 0.9 mils (1.5km) Walking time: 26 minutes Cyclying time: 7 minutes Kersal Way Kingsley Ave Rushley Ave Northallerton RdSouth Radford Rd 1 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 13 23 4 5 Closed private leisure centre. Stones to block cars. Lighting pole without light Fenced riverbank.Fenced Kindergarten. Removed trees. Street trashes. Low hiddenopenness.areas. Entry to rivernank. Kersal Date is hid den at the end of the street. N

1 2 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 5 4 41 Distance: 1.5 mils (2.4km) Walking time: 35 minutes 1 6 3 5 8 7 9 4 10 11 12 2 Large green feild. Rough surface. Rough surface. Rubbish issue. Unwalkable in rainy days. New housing & factory construction. Pollution. New factory construction HYDROLOGICAL ROUTE Irwell riverside Passing playfeild basin Littleton RdLittleton Rd N

1 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 42 Distance: 0.9 mils (1.5km) Walking time: 26 minutes Cyclying time: 7 minutes 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 3 Kersal Wetland Kersal DaleCromwell Rd View of the Cliff Dog walkers. Flood outlet. Wetland entrance Kersal Dale green feild Emtpy space. Seat next to river. ECOLOGICAL ROUTE N

43 SUMMARY Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Wild habitats Lack of public transprotation Lack of public security Poor quality public realm Unemployment Lack of green on the road Riverside path More commer cial facilities Community ac tivities Children friendly Streetspace lighting Street green infrastructure Street furniture EmploymentMore transporta tion option Large Green land Lack of connection to river Lack of amenities Lack sense of community in public River Irwell History & Heritage Wetland Low accessibility High quality public space Poor road condi tion

500m1000m 44 Threats Sanitation issue Safety hazard place Deficient Parking Crime risk Flood risk

Project Definition How do we think might end up this situation? 45 Design strategy Vision: urban networks Vision: green space access Vision: Warer connection 50495152

46 River Irwell Footbridge, author’s own (2022)

•

Walker Jogger Cyclist Skateboarder Scootering Disable Streetscape.

• Increase the accessibility of green spaces.

Three design themes

Green Space Access base on establishing the natrue in this area. The green space system is inserted into pedestrian system to enhance the sense of use of the pedestrian and promote residents to walk around.

Walker Jogger Cyclist Rowing Boating

Urban Networks base on Improving Liveability. Redesign the streets cape of exist road, provide bicycle lane and jogging routes. Create public space that make people to stay.

•

• Activities that connects to water.

• Street furnishing. Perdestrain routes for different users.

Walker Jogger Cyclist Dogwalker Babysitter Elder

Riverside route base on connecting the river to urban daily life, to create the connection for people to interact with river.

• Riverside walking route.

• Landscape connection.

PLANNING STRATEGIES

MASTER

• Green feature in street.

IdeaColourcollagecoded cycling lane Sofe edge cafe corner Shops on the ground floor Outdoor terrace Bike parking with canopyWalkable retail road 48 VISION: Commercial linkage • Access to Retail cores with walkable distance. • Develop Littleton road to high street. • High street contains small scale retail on the ground floor. • Create small retail core in each neighbourhood. • Retail core lead to consolidated shopping core. Urban Networks Potential retail Exisiting Potentialretailhigh streer Retail core connection

Community Garden Urban Farm Pavilion Ourdoor Seating Biking Path Riverside Deck Riverbank cafe Idea collage 49 • Green spaces connected by walking route that raise the profile of the River Irwell. • Public gathering space in every 400 diameter circles. • Create facilities to activate green space, extends the use of green spaces. • Green space in urban area are connected by green corridors. VISION: Landscape connections Green space access RiversideLandscapepath Urban green corridor Bridge Walkable distance

Green textured Road StreetpublicInstallationlandscapeforgarhering Green roof Tree seater Fixed Planter Riverside cycling lane Idea collage 50 • Waterway accsee to different side of the river, then river becames to connection, not barrier. • Highlighted possible spaces at riverbank for installation to connect people to river. • Greate routes along the riverside for cyclists and joggers. • Greate cycle parking system to encourage people to interact more with the green space. VISION: River connections Riverside route Potential site Riverside path Rowing route Bike parking Boating stops N

Theory & Precedents What we can learn from theory and other projects? 51 Shared street theory DesignComceptobjectives Case studies: master planning Case studies: Urban street design Case studies: Riverside development Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) 55555657596163

52 Hope Road, author’s own (2022)

The concept of the ‘Woonerf’ literally means Shared street which are new or reworked streets that have been developed in the late 1960s in the city of Delft, Netherlands. These allow play, socialistion and nature to safely escape the private domain and spread into the shared domain.

The area has street fur nishings. 7 Entrances are clearly marked. 3 Can be a single street, a square (or other form), or a combination of connected spac es. 8 Car speed and movement are restricted by physical barriers, and by deviations, bends, and undulations. 9 Paved space is shared by pedes trians and cars, with pedestrians having priority over the entire street. 10 There are no conventional, straight stretches of pavement with raised curbs, and pavement (carriage way) and sidewalk (footway) are not rigidly demarcated.

You are publicwelcomehereUsetransprotation Walk Drive You are not publicwelcomehereAvoidtransprotation

2 The area has landscaping.extensive 4 Through traffic is couraged.dis5 are everyallowedwhere.

andWalkingplaying

Elevating street safety Improving public accessibility Creates public realm Intergrating green belt to street Building sustainable neighbourhood It is a publicresidential,space. 1 cesshaveResidentsautoactodwellingfronts.

SHARED STREET THEORY Concept

Shared street concept can be the key solution to rejuvenate the public spaces.

Increases a sense of pedestrian safety, security, and comfort. Extend the sidewalk, provide an opportunity for social interaction, and offer a safe refuge for pedestrians crossing streets. Can be both functional and serve as public art.

Forster pedestrian-friendly street systems where pedestrians can experience safely, comfort, ac cessibility, and efficient mobility.

BikeLighting,ParkingPublicart, Seating LandscapePlanters,buffersCurbSidewalk,extenssion Sidewalk Bike Parking Crub Extenssion LandscapeLighting Buffers Planter Public SeatingArt LIVEABILITY CULTURE COMMUNITY& ENVIRONMENT ACCESSIBILITY&MOBILITY Design objectives

Add colour, texture, and interest to a streetscape.Provides places to rest, wait for transit, and socialize with others. Extend the sidewalk, provide an opportunity for social interac tion, and offer a safe refuge for pedestrians crossing streets.

Extend the sidewalk, provide an opportunity for social interaction, and offer a safe refuge for pedestrians crossing streets.

to nature in a natural parkland environment with river views. Twickenham

By rewilding the edge and establishing a diverse proposal allowed its occupants close Market Building the High Street

river

The building takes the form of an open market building a striking

Twickenham Outpost New Islington by Urban

to live

with

roof structure drawn from the boatyards of Eel Pie Island, giving an airy, covered, pedestrianised space for markets, shops, offices, studios and amenity space. The building is designed to create a vi brant daytime. 55 CASE STUDIES: Masterplanning Stalybridge Town Centre Challenge Town planning Design a community

large,

ecology transect from woodland to Riparian vegetation, the

links

to the river. AncoatsNeighbourhoods Has been named the 13th cool est place in the world by Time Out Worldwide. Northern Quarter Is a trendy neighbourhood, vibrant street art, bohemian bars and independent restau rants and shops. Piccadilly Is the central hub of Manches ter’s public transport system. Buildings 1 Waulk Mill 2 Islington Square 3 Piercy Street 4 Chips 5 The Guts 6 Stubbs Mill 7 Keepers Quay 8 Avro 9 Mansion House 10 Town House* Transport 11 Metrolink New Islington 12EducationNewIslington Free School (Ofsted Outstanding) 13 Little Learning Ladder Nursery (Ofsted Outstanding) Figure 4.1 Masterplan Figure 4.3 Public Realm Page 9 Figure 4.2 Routes Page 8PublicRouteMasterplanrealm

We saw the long term rewards of regeneration. We wanted to deliver true urban regeneration for the long term, using the best architects – international and local. A place with green squares, homes and businesses, schools and infrastructure, a place that will continue to We questioned conventions.

Taking on the redevelopment of what was one of the country’s worst estates was always going to be a challenge. But we saw a place with an important story to tell, a community of locals, historic canals, stunning mills and a landmark of modern Manchester. It was inspirational.It was all possible, if we worked

coolTime neighbourhood, with bohemianrestau Manches-system.SchoolNursery Islington 41 42From there, to here, to future dreams GREATANCOATSSTREET Piccadilly Station A665 OLDMILLSTREET STORESTREET OLDHAMROAD NEWTONSTREETPORTSTREET OLDHAMADDINGTONSTREETLEVERSTREETSTREET REDHILLSTREET NEW UNION STREET WEYBRIDGEROAD JERSEYSTREETBLOSSOMSTREETGEORGELEIGHSTREET DUCIESTREET LAYSTALLSTREET CHAPELTOWNSTREET QUARTERNORTHERN ANCOATS PICCADILLY BASINPICCADILLYNEWISLINGTON LOCKYARDLANE 6 2 4 13 12 3 20 21 11 1 19 18 14 16 22 23 24 29 26 28 31 3332 34 27 17 25 10 10 5 30 8 10 9 10 9 9 15 Health 14 New Islington Medical Practice 15 K’s Chemist Parks / Canals 16 New Islington Marina 17 Cotton Field Park 18 Rochdale Canal 19 Ashton Canal Food / Drink / Leisure 20 Hope Mill Theatre 21 Tony’s Chippy 22 Pollen Bakery 23 Ancoats General Store 24 Seven Brothers Brewery 25 Rudy’s Pizza 26 Jersey Street Social Club 27 Companio Bakery 28 Trove 29 Elnecott 30 Cask 31 Aldi 32 Pure Gym 33 Port Street Beer 34HouseBand on the Wall New 2020Islington From there, to here, to future dreamsNew Islington 09 10 56

Enter the late, great architect Will Alsop and his trusty felt-tip pen. His initial sketch was radical, but it formed the basis for regener ation, connecting the existing Ashton and Rochdale canals with a new marina, creating a European style waterside community in the We saw places, not problems.

We started with a vision. We saw an opportunity to help make the oldCardroom Estate a better place to live, work and play – somewhere that would bring much-needed new homes, workspaces, com munity spaces and amenities.It was all possible, if we worked together.

Urban splash

High street design

Transforming San Francisco’s Busiest Transit Corridor

CASE STUDIES:

From Market Street to Better Market Street

1. Qualify the Better Market Street Vision.

3. look at the detailed streetscape designs and their alternatives. Marcket street around 1910 Marcket street in 2011

Urban street design

Street Life Zones are designed to activate the sidewalk, creating dedicated space for social and lingering activities. The concept demonstrates the street as a place for people rather than just mobility.

As part of the Better Market Street Vision

57 Street cross section showing the addition of a street life zone, public transit only lanes, and grade separated bike lanes.

Transforming Market Street could therefore not be completed without addressing both sides of the streets condition – its transit dominance and its lack of public life initiatives. With this premise in mind, the Better Market Street Strategy was based.

Gehl conceived three detailed streetscape designs that would be iterated across three rounds of public consultation.

2. Discuss the initial design concept and trade-offs.

4. Providing a framework to support vibrant public life.

1. Making a more walkable and human scaled downtown

Greenway design A regional and neighborhood greenway

2. Introducing a 21st century approach to mobility focused on greater options for accessibility

3. Transforming the Monon Trail into an urban and ecological spine

Carmel, Indiana is an affluent suburban city that, like most traditional American suburbs, values low density home ownership and private automobiles, and its “downtown” is dominated by single-use buildings surrounded by surface

Theparking.vision

From railway to urban & ecological corridor

The Monon Trail is a key element of this transformative project. As it stood, the trail was an 18-mile former railway line that was convert ed to a pedestrian and bicycle trail, and ran through the city’s heart, linking the existing Arts District, Civic Center and several proposed Gehl’sdevelopments.concept design built upon this existing asset by transforming the Monon Trail into an urban and ecological corridor that stitches together existing and future developments. Each segment took aes thetic and programming cues from the surrounding neighborhood context, strengthening district identities while maintaining the trail’s integrity as a regional bicycle trail.

The new Monon Way is a true backbone that not only can be used as a recreational thoroughfare but a destination in itself for Carmel: A place where everyone can enjoy a wide array of activities that provides for a greater public expe rience and richer social mixing.

set forth by Gehl built on existing plans, and emphasized the transformation of downtown from a place with a few destination points to a complete neighborhood destination by:

The XL Oasis The Net Pier The Supertable

People connect to river Summer Shore Installation by Vous Architecture & Design

59 CASE STUDIES: Riverside development

The XL Oasis The Summer Shores initiative aims to create «three unusual stations», a temporary instal lation made of three surprising street furniture alongside the banks of the Vendée River, in Fontenay-le-Comte, France. What does it mean to be «stationary» in public space? Can it lead us to look at our surroundings with a different eye, share a moment with strangers? VOUS’s answer comes in three different ways, 3 projects: the XL Oasis, the Net Pier, and the Supertable. The XL Oasis spreads over the Place des Marroniers, a previously mineral space overlooking the river, that has been covered with lush grass and tree ferns. Amongst this pocket jungle, four giant deckchairs arise, reaching 4.5m high. Made of galvanised steel, they are covered with colourful fabrics that can host up to 6 people each for a nap, chitchat, or as a bench to admire the river, the house of local painter Jean Chevolleau, or the new pedestrian bridge that bears his name.

Supertable draws a curvy line alongside the riverbank, made of benches, tables, and platforms. A triangle-shaped steel structure lies on the grass, supporting dyed larch planks that form seatings at various heights, allowing infinite ways of seating, laying, or chilling.

The Net Pier, downstream the Vendee, takes advantage of the slope toward the river and arrays 7 nets at various angles, perfect for chilling. Bouncy, colorful, and with great views over the town and its church, the Net Pier is flagged by inclined poles that echo the local fishermen’s rods, that bear vivid fabrics, dangling in the wind like the fishes in the river below.

Whether it’s a 100 people picnic, a concert, or just a few minutes sunbathing, the Supertable is ready for it all !

The Net Pier The Supertable

(i) restore hydrological balance and reduce pollutant loads of water bodies, moving from a post-urbanization back towards a pre-urbanization status of water (ii)bodies;build the so-called Sponge Cities, i.e. cities able to soak the urban runoff and mitigate flood effects; (iii) build green-blue infrastructure able to exploit all the Ecosystem Services of Nature-Based Solutions.

SuDS and Ecosystem services Ecosystem services are defined as the “direct or SuDS techniques provide a number of different stance, 17 examples of ecosystem services given - Hard Engineering - are reported (Huber, 2010): atmospheric regulation climate erosionwaterwaterdisturbanceregulationregulationregulationsupplycontrolandsediment retention soil speciespollinationwastenutrientformationcyclingtreatmentcontrol refugia/habitat food culturalrecreationgeneticproductionresourcesenrichment

Source: Woods Ballard et al. 2015. “The SuDS Manual”

Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) want to manage urban runoff to: (i) recover the original hydrologic regime and reduce the pollutant loads, moving from post-development back again to pre-development status; (ii) build future sponge cities in response to heavy rains; (iii) provide cities with as much as possible new greenblue infrastructures, exploiting the multiple ecosystem services of nature-based solutions.

Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) want to manage urban runoff in order to:

Source: Woods Ballard et al. 2015. “The SuDS Manual”

61 SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEM (SuSD)

SuDS thespacesGreen-Blueenvironment.

BMP Best Management Practices SuDS experiences - International

The SuDS approach is known in literature with different keywords, developed by re search groups of different states. The most known ones are the following: SuDS Sustainable Drainage Systems

Source: Huber, J., 2010. Low Impact Development: a Design Manual for Urban Areas and Green-Blue Infrastructures

SuDS, WSUD, LID, BMPs ...

Constructed wetland for the treatment of combined sewer overflow of Gorla Maggiore (VA - Italy). The wetland was designed a multipurpose, exploiting different ecosystem services in the new “Water Park” of Gorla Maggiore: water quality improvement of Olona river, flood mitigation, public recreational area, and biodiversity increase.

WSUD Water Sensitive Urban Design LID Low Impact Development

Sponge city is a concept developed in China, in which the city is required to adsorb urban runoff as “sponges” in order to reduce the flood risks driven by increased urbanization. In this clear how a SuDS approach is suitable to develope Sponge cities.

Bioretention system for sustainable drainage of rainwater, Kerakoll research centre (Sassuolo, MO - Italy), designed by IRIDRA in collaboration with BIOS-IS S.r.l. Tanner Springs Park, (USA)Portland Sydney (Australia). Source: Gibelli G., 2015, Manuale di drenaggio urbano

SuDS and Sponge Cities

2010):

or indirect contribution of an ecosystem to human wellbeing”. ecosystem services additional to that of runoff drainage. For in given by SuDS - Soft Engineering - instead of conventional solutions

Green-Blue Infrastructure is defined as a network of green and blue exploiting ecosystem services to provide benefit for people and environment. Urban park following a SuDS approach in Sin gapore (Bishan). Source: Gibelli G., 2015, Manuale di drenaggio urbano (in Italian)

Planning Process How could we achieve this vision? 63 Proposal Strategy ProposalsEvaluation Design Procedure Conceptual Analysis Additional Analysis Masterplanning brief VisionMasterplanningPlanningMasterplanninganalysisbreakdownofnodes 6565666767686971737779

64 Littleton Road, author’s own (2022)

65 PROPOSALDisconnection -Lack of road connection -Low public transportation accessibilty -Inaccessibility of living facilities Connections +Bike friendly street +Improve road walkability for different +Improve+Removewalkersfencespublic parking system +Safer sidewalk +More shops for local life +Refurbished abandoned space and buildings Safety -Lack of public security -Low accessibilty of hidden area -High crime risk -Traffic safety hazards Social community -Lack of good quality public space -Lack of inclusive community activities -Kids & elder unfriendly -Small community unfriendly Community +Activity do not base on back ground and race +Main public facility in different +Kidsarea. & elder friendly activities +Disencourage gated community Public realm +public space +Public +Providefurniturepublicspace is friendly to kids & +Widereldersidewalk to slowdown the passing speed +Increase the visibility of public space Financial resourse -Lack of economic stimulus & initial funds -Lack-unemploymentofbusiness element Environment -Trash -Lack-Lack-Flood-Industrialeverywherepollutionriskofnatureconnectionofconnectiontonature Landscape +Green buffer to reduce noise +Sponge +Encourageparklocal planter +Better accessibility to river +Roof +Pocket+Greenlandscapewallgarden Issues Solutions Strategies Strategy Evaluation

Urban Networks base on Improving Liveability. Redesign the streets cape of exist road, provide bicycle lane and jogging routes. Create public space that make people to stay. Green Space Access base on establishing the natrue in this area. The green space system is in serted into pedestrian system to enhance the sense of use of the pedestrian and promote residents to walk around. Riverside route base on connecting the river to urban daily life, to create the connection for people to interact with river.

Bike CommunityOfficelanebuildingspark Restaurant & bars housingAffordable Social square Library Community club Playground Urban farm Green house Residential plants Street green buffer Nuts bar Green roof Local gallery Water sports SkateparkElder community Home of animals Rain Supermarketgarden Apartments + workspaces Education Food market Gathering friendly steet Street furniture Steet lightingStreet infrastructuregreenForest path Riverside path Street bike park ing Street art 66 Aims ObjectivesMobilitiesProposals Safe street Wakeable street Bike friendly street Connection to nature Riverbank accessibility Liveability Amenities needs Safety & security Convenience of living Public sanitation Job opportunities Community Sense of belonging Esteem needs Minority friendly Age friendly Culture embracement Environment Wild animals protection Rain water recycling Waste / rubbish recycling Flood defence Sustainable development

Kersal Mid

Centre Roundabout node Green Riverviewnodenode

Mid density Mid

Low

Centre Roundabout node

Roundabout node is the central connection of 5 roads, and 3 roads are ered to be primary street. In this node, building are mainly featured as cial and working function. Such as, Shops, restaursants, cafes, etc.

Conceptual Analysis

Three main nodes are the identification of surrounding areas, tant cross and their nature.

Green

RiverLandscapeCommercialRiverviewnodenodeimprovementimprovementaccessibilityimprovement

TowardsASDAsupermarket

DaleKersalTowards Castle Irwell

oCmmercialaxis Commercialaxis Hydrologicalaxis isxanGree 67 DESIGN PROCEDURE

Horseracehotel Social club Greenmuseumtech Playfield TowardsShoppingcity TowardsPeelpark WetlandKersalTowards

The intersection of the green belt and the littleton road is called green Green belt is the connection of Kersal wetland and Peel park. As the name gests, this node is characterized by landscape. Because it intersects with street, there is a small amount of comercial, most of which are residential ings and Riverviewlandscapes.nodeistheintersection of River irwell and littleton road. Same node, this node will have a small amount of commercial buildings. Since is the main feature of this focus. The designof the building should all considered around the river view.

Lower density density Broughton density Low density

68 Additional Analysis areas, impor- Existing state AbandonedFenced New construction

Landscape

Risk

Flood risk Flood defenceZone 2Zone 1Basin Zone 3

This diagram shows the topography the whole area, where is more risky to collect water.

are considas commer greennamenode.sugwithhigh residential build Same as green Since the consideredriver

This diagram shows the development of three main nodes will cover the Kersal neighbourhood to increase the liveing quailty.

This analysis helps to understand the possibility to improve the accessibility. Zone 1 Zone 3 connection StreetPathLandscapeRiver

Slope SlopeSlope Slope

This analysis helps to understand how can we connect the green spaces and river. Connection with 5 minute walk400m 400m 400m

New Sarmad’sPublicInstitutionalCommercialHousinghousingproposal DEVELOPMENTCURRENT Cemmercial Dev Public Dev Open space 69 OPEN COMMERCIAL30,781SPACEsqm (or under housing) 26,251 30,992PUBLICm²m² LeisureRestaurant OfficeParkingRetailParks Square Playground Museum Social club Heritage PUBLICOPEN SPACE COMMERCIAL 30% 35%35% Option 1 Physical model MASTERPLANNING BRIEF

New Sarmad’sInstitutionalCommercialHousinghousingproposal New Sarmad’sPublicInstitutionalCommercialHousinghousingproposal CURRENT DEVELOPMENT Cemmercial Dev Public Dev Open space DEVELOPMENT Cemmercial Dev Public Dev Open space 70 PUBLICOPEN SPACE COMMERCIAL 40% 30%30% Physical Optionmodel2OPENSPACE30,781sqmCOMMERCIAL (or under housing) 39,953 m² 30,992PUBLIC m² LeisureRestaurant OfficeRetail ParkingMuseum Heritage Parks Square Playground Social club

spaces.

The difference between option 1 and option 2 is the precentage of commercial use and public use.

Comparing to New Islington, commercial weight is 2 times more than the other two. Considering the Lower kersal is more more suburban than New Islington, So, option 2 will be more suitable for the development in Lower kersal area.

71 MASTERPLANNING Comparison : Option1, Option2 & New Islington COMMERCIAL RestaurantRetail Bars Gym........LeisureOffice PUBLIC Museum HeritageParking School Hospital .......... OPEN SPACE Parks Square Streets........Playground Option 1 Conclusion Option 2 New Islington approx. 30,781 sqm approx. 26,251 m² 30% 40% 22%18%60%35% 30% 35% 30% approx. 30,992 m² approx. 39,953 m² approx. 30,992 m² approx. 30,781 sqm Waulk Mill, Stubbs Mill, Waulk Mill, Chips, Hope Mill Theatre, Tony’s Chippy, Pollen Bakery, An coats General Store, Seven Brothers Brewery, Rudy’s Pizza, Jersey Street Social Club, Companio Bakery, Trove, Elnecott, Cask, Aldi, Pure Gym, Port Street Beer House, Band on the Wall Metrolink New Islington Education, New Islington Free School, Little Learning Ladder Nursery, New Islington Medical Practice, K’s Chemist New Islington Marina, Cotton Field Park, Rochdale Canal, Ashton Canal, Islington Square, Piercy Street

In page 56, there are 34 highlghted facili ties. Excapt for housing 18 facilities use for conmmercial, 5 facilities use for public, 6 facilities use for open

72 Proposed plan, Scale= 1:3000 N Proposed plan

73 PLANNING ANALYSIS Commercial mix-use ParkingResidentialWork-livingPublic Building heightsLand use 4 floors Buildings (12m~14m) 3 floors Buildings (9m~11m) 2 floors Buildings (6m~8m) 1 floor Buildings (3m~5m)

74 Street hierarchy Bus stop Bike KayakScooterparkingparkingstop Commercial shared st Boulevard Residential street Residential ally Riverside path Waterway

75 Open green spaces SuSD UrbanLandscapeLandscapefarm/allotment PLANNING ANALYSIS Importent facade & zones Facing conmercial st Facing Landscape or residential st Facing river

76 Lighting scheme Every 5 meters(Tall lights) Every 8 meters (Tall lights) Every 10 meters(Tall lights); residential light at the front door place Every 5 meters (Low lights) Public gethering zone Semi-public gethering zone Private gethering zone

77 Legand 1. Lower Kersal Social club 2. Water sports centre 3.Horse race Hotel 4. 5.CastleAllotmentIrwell Parking 6. Cafe 7. Book store 8. Street plaza 9. M&S market 10. Gallery (Heritage) 11. Kersal horserace statue 12. Office building 13. Cromwell Garden 14. Albion Academy Astroturf 15. Tree of knowledge Park 27.26.25.24.23.22.21.20.19.18.17.16.(Spongy)CafeRestaurantMuseum,cafe....SeafordroadPark(Spongy)HightstreetWetlandInformationCentreCastleIrwellPark(Spongy)GreenBeltGreen-techcentreUrbanfarmCommunityGardenRiversidepath Building usage Refurbrish the old building to provide interesting space and functions, Provides new mix-used buildings to solve the housing issue and lack of amenities. Community space Create spaces helps social gathering, and bring people together without concerning the background, age difference, social level, genders and ethnics. Networks Improve the street quality to increase the accessibility and the connection to nature. Provides walkable, cycle friendly, disable people friendly, and children friendly streets. Environment Meadows and forest that provide homes for various habitats. Create landscape helps to defend flood risk. Green technology to reduce carbon emissions. FarmhouseGreenhouseOffice Museum MixedWorkshop/StudioGalleryusebuidling Social Schoolhousing HighLibraryCinemaRestaurant/cafestreet public safe street Riverside ResidentialCommercialpathallyshared street Boulevard Green buffer zone Rain SuDSSpongyGardenparklandscape vegetated roof Wils animal shelters Corbon forest Wetland Detention Pond Riparian Buffer Roof VerticalGardengreen Social club SkatingCommunityPlazasSportsLocalPlaygroundfoodmarketfieldparkpark Outdoor theater Camp site Urban farm MASTERPLANNING BREAKDOWN 3D Masterplan PerspectiveDetail design approachs

78 Perspective 18 20 21 17 9 10 11 19 26 27 23 22 22 8 7 6 5 4 2 3 1 16 12 13 14 15 25 24 Buildings Community facility Green open space RoundaboutNetwork node Green Riverviewnodenode 1111

79 VISION OF NODES Roundabout node Green node

80 Riverview node

Street Models How can we improve the route quality? 81 Street model overview High street model Boulevard Residentialmodelstreet model Riverside path model 8583878991

82 Littleton Road, author’s own (2022)

83 High street Boulevard STREET MODEL OVERVIEW Commercial shared st Residential boulevard Residential street Residential ally Riverside path Waterway Street feature • Street furnitures. • Cycle lane. • Bike parking. • Planting tree in every 8 meters. • Low green buffer. • Wide sidewalk. • Denser street lights. • Different pavement on sidewalk. Street feature • Intensive • Cycle • Bike parking. • Less commercial. • Street • Wide street model planview 1:500

84 Boulevard Residential street Riverside path feature Intensive green. Cycle Streetparking.lane.commercial.furnitures.greenbuffer. Street feature • Residential planter. • Cycle lane. • Street parking. • Landscape. • One way road. Path feature • Intensive green. • Cycle friendly. • Natrual pavment.

•

85 Visualization HIGH STREET MODEL: littleton road

• Different

• Having

This model applys to where retails and restaurant locate. There are some importent points needs to be followed:

•

• Easy

•

A comfort width of street that allowed people flow from different directions, also for setting tables outside. Street furniture is necessary to slow down the speed to passing the street. green infrastructure to create shade for comfort. More street lighting because it’s busier than other type of street. to access which means can be reach by different transportation(Bus, bike, scooter.....) pavement on walkside to divide zones.

Current ImprovedSectionSection

parking 7,500mm 3,100mm 2,500mm 3,000mm 10,000mm 1 car lane1 car lane gated reasidential territoryterraced housing territory vegetation sidewalk areastreetofedgy sidewalk stopbuszonedrivingno areastreetofedgy 8,000mm 3,250mm 2,500mm1,000mm 1,500mm1,000mm 3,000mm 10,000mm 7,250mm retail buildingterraced housing territory 1 car lanelanecycle lanecyclevegetation vegetationvegetation 1 car lane sidewalk areastreetofedgy Development,areastreetofedgy Littleton Road Section S=1:100 sidewalk sidewalkstopbus 86 Hight street

Gated becomescommunityanopencommunity.Openning the street to public to increse the weith of side walk .

Keymap

Creat more public furnatures for people to stay. Also use the green canopy for protection. Convert parking lane into bicycle lanes for cycling and scootering which in crease the accessbility and be more susbstaniable. Convert no driving zone into green buffer zone to reduce noise, but also a part of micro green belt. Remove the street parking zone which was invating the sidewalk space.

•

87 BOULEVARD MODEL: seaford road

Pedestrians and Bicycles Priority.

•

The proportion of green belt and road should be proportional. Green belt should have tall trees to create shadow for the comfort of walk. Street furniture is necessary to let people stay.. Street lights can be slightly loose than high streets, but it is necessary to ensure the brightness at night, because the trees have a certain degree of shading.

•

Visualization

This model applys to the street has intensive green infrastructure. There are some importent points needs to be followed:

8,060mm 2,700mm 5,750mm2,500mm 2,500mm 10,560mm 8,450mm 2 car lane vegetationparking areastreetofedgy areastreetofedgy housing territory housing territorysidewalksidewalk BUSstopbusSTOP lanecycle lanecyclebufferrgreen areastreetofedgy areastreetofedgy 3,650mm 3,650mm1,000mm 1,000mm1,260mm 2,700mm 5,750mm 2,500mm 10,560mm 8,450mm 1 car lane 1 car lane vegetationhousing territory housing territorysidewalksidewalk BUSstopbusSTOP 88 Add the bicycle lanes for cycling and scooter ing which increase the accessbility and be more susbstaniable. Change the parking to green buffer zone. Adds small path and seat ing in the green field. Boulevard Current ImprovedSectionSection Keymap

This model applys to the street with residential housing. There are some importent points needs to be followed: Encourage residents to have plants outside. Reduce two way car lane to oneway, this is for reduceing the numbers of cars, also less traffic accident. green infrastructure to create shade for comfort.

Visualization

•

• Pedestrians

•

Converting asphalt roads to stone roads can reduce speed. and Bicycles Priority.

89 RESIDENTIAL STREET MODEL: valencia road

• Having

•

lanecyclelanecycle vegetationvegetation 3,700mm2,150mm 2,150mm 2,000mm 2,000mm8,000mm 2 car lanes with parkingterraced housing territory terraced housing territorysidewalksidewalk sidewalksidewalk areastreetofedgy areastreetofedgy 3,650mm 2,000mm2,000mm 5,650mm 1 car laneterraced housing territory terraced housing territory areastreetofedgy areastreetofedgy 1,000mm 1,000mm1,175mm1,175mm lanecyclelanecycle vegetationvegetation 3,700mm2,150mm 2,150mm 2,000mm 2,000mm8,000mm 2 car lanes with parkingterraced housing territory terraced housing territorysidewalksidewalk sidewalksidewalk areastreetofedgy areastreetofedgy 3,650mm 2,000mm2,000mm 5,650mm 1 car laneterraced housing territory terraced housing territory areastreetofedgy areastreetofedgy 1,000mm 1,000mm1,175mmGreen1,175mmzone at the front door to create the con fort of experience.walking Add the lanes.bicycleChange the road to one way street. Low lighting pole to sercureprovidefeelingatnight. 90 Streetscape Current ImprovedSectionSection Keymap

91 RIVERSIDE PATH MODEL: River Irwell path Visualization

This model applys to the path with na ture, such as next to river or inside the forest. There are some importent points needs to be followed:

•

• Using local natural stones as the road surface can reduce the muddy feeling on rainy days. Increase outdoor furniture to create the place of stay. Add trash bins to reduce man-made waste. Add low street lights to increase the brightness at night, and the low street lights will not bring vision distractions Increase road width while allowing pedestrians and cyclists in both directions.

•

1,500mm

Landscape Landscape River Irwellpath riverofedgy

Landscape4,000mm Landscape River Irwellpath riverofedgy 1,500mm Landscape Landscape River Irwellpath riverofedgy

Landscape4,000mm Landscape River Irwellpath riverofedgy

Wider the path to allowdiection.opposit Add lighting to improof safety at night. Add benches to create a place of stay.

92 Streetscape Keymap

Current ImprovedSectionSection

Social club & Water sport centre What’s next? 93 Phase of development Site VisualizationsElevationsDetailGroundProgrammeSiteConceptualDesignMaterialCaseExisitinglocationbuildingstudiesstudiesprogrammediagramplanlevelplanplans&sections 105101959799107109111113115117119121

94 Kersal Way, author’s own (2022)

95 PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT Development phase plan 1. Social club reburbish 2. Water sports center & surrounding landscape 3. Horserace hotel reburbish, surrounding landscape 4. Mix use commercial + parking block 5. Commercial centre 6. Heritage convert to Gallery 7. New mix use office building 8. Horserace statue 9. New landscape 10. Mix use residential, office & commercial block 11. Mix use public & commercial block 12. Kersal wetland information centre 13. Littleton road improvement 14. Riverside path development The entrie masterplan will be time consuming to develop. To delevlop it in 4 phases will help the efficience. Phase 1 is more about main buildings and main roads. all the phase 1 projects will start to develop at the same time. once it completed. it can be used while the phase 2 is on-going. 1. Road improvement 2. New residential roads development 3. Mix use residential & commercial block 4. 2 stories residential apartment block 5. 2 stories residential housing block 6. New landscape 7. New mix use office building 8. Horserace statue 9. New landscape 10. New landscape 1. 2 stories residential housing block 2. New landscape 3. 2 stories mix use commercial & housing block 4. 2 stories residential housing block 5. 2 stories residential housing block 6. New landscape 7. 2 stories residential housing block 8. 2 stories residential housing block 9. 2 stories residential housing block 10. Urban farm facility 11. Urban farm facility 12. New landscape 1. Seaford road improvement 2. Wetland road development (new boulevard ) 3. Mix use office & commercial buildings 4. New landscape 5. New residential road development 6. Mix use residential, office & commercial block 7. Mix use residential, office & commercial block 8. New landscape 9. 2 stories residential apartment block 10. Mix use parking & apartment block PHASE 1 PHASE 1 : Refurbished & main buildings of three nodes PHASE 2 21 3 13 6476 8 6 PHASE 2 : Development of roads & around three nodes PHASE 3 : Other servces & roads PHASE 4 : Housings & landscape around

96 In this selected site, the development inludes: 1. Social club reburbish, and rethink the space around it. 2. Water sports center, also how can we use this new building to connect people and river. PHASE 3 PHASE 4 14 5 8 9 10 12 11 3 9 75 7 8 10 1 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 879 10 11 12 2 4 5 87 9 10 3 4 Selected site from Phase 1

First opened in 1930 under the steward ship of Salford brewery Groves and Whitnall. Now, The Racecourse Hotel is open under new management, and is serving Sam Smiths’ only remaining cask-conditioned beer, its Old Brewery Bitter. The brewery is considering plans to reopen the first floor letting rooms in the nottoo-distant future.

bar, restaurant,

Lower Kersal Social club is a semi-open facility for local community contains play and

Newbuiltweir Housing Housing

area,

banquet for ceremonies. N 1 2 3 4

Allotment Horse race Hotel (Littleton Rd Pub)

Horse race hotel

gathering. It

LittletonRoad StamfordNewRdpath River Irwell RiverIrwell

97 SITE LOCATION Site appraisal

Water sports centreSocial Club redesign?The Field Car park New Landscape The entrance for car park but also use for the field. Unclear entrance and poor engagement with the main street (Littleton donedIndependentRoad).abancorridor,not part of a residential area. Poor performanced Car park. The feild has poor perfor mance of use; there are some table set on the east side. New main entrance is facing to main road. Club sqm Car park 570 sqm

98 Current condition & Opportunities N Car Park Entrance GuestsNewEntranceEntrance

Lower Kersal Social

The Field 1330NewsqmRiverside Path River Irwell4321

1280

99 EXISITING BUILDING: lower kersal social club River Irwell Tall trees Building appraisal 7 9 Rubbish allyTrees block the view Fenced

100 1 3 4 5 6 8 2 2 3 6 4 7 5 8 9 1 Legand 1. Lobby 2. Bar area 3. Pool table 4. Stage 5. Video game machine 6. Terrace 7. The table set next to the field 8. Warehouse 9. Car parking 10. Banquet 10

The river is surrounded by cliffs, occasionally creating whitewater sections suitable for kayaking. People from th town of Celje are walking along the Savinja walkways. Rivet banks in any urban habitat are areas of great architectural interest, especially where urban path s and roads connect with the river environment.

The basic design principle of the kayak center was to construct a shelter, a roof in the form of an overturned boat. The steps of the outdoor tiers are well har monized with the river bank slope and attached to the build inq’s base. The kayak club exhibits various features to the environment, depending on the viewpoint.

101 CASE STUDIES : water sports facility

The afternoon sunlight illuminates the top of Anski Vrh hill and reflects off the surface of the rather fast Savinja River.

Relationship with river Kayak Club by Gril Kikelj Arhitekti Celje, Slovenia Area : 580 m²

Canoeing Training Center MOSM by RS + Robert Skitek Tychy, Poland Area : 393 m²

The Paprocany lake is a very important place for its inhabitants, mainly for recreational reasons.

102

On the other side, the building was surrounded by green slopes. There is a great view of the lake from the roof, so we decided to take an additional path there. These solutions caused a space in front of building with tribune, covered part and the whole roof became attractive public space and next part of wharf important to people. Canoe section gained a new audience, fans, and potential pupils and its work is becoming visible and trans parent.

Space design base on riverview

103 CASE STUDIES : water sports facility

Kayak facility design

Two volumes, one dedicated to the users, the other to the kayaks, Outdoor activities relating to community train ing and playing are raised to the roof deck, which in various ways is enabled with sport activities, barbecue area, outdoor kitchen, din ing area and sundeck. The two volumes and the upper and lower decks are connected via ramps, walkways and stairs in a continuous movement, which allows a loop flow. creates a courtyard surrounding a central water space angled to give the users full advantage of the direct sailing route into the fjord. The central water space strengthens the community and supports a ‘club-feeling’.

The Floating Kayak Club by FORCE4 Architects Vejle Fjord, Denmark Area : 500 m²

As the building floats, the relationship between the building and the water is so close that the user gets the full experience of prac ticing the sport in its true environment.

104 Boat warehouse attachment design Steilneset Memorial by Peter Zumthor and Louise Bourgeois Hudson River Pavilion by Architecture Research Office Kayak Club by Inessa Hansch & Michel Desvigne Iron mesh box to storage the boatSteel frame fixed hullTimber frame truss and iron wires

105 How its made. What are the possible material for this project? Across the world, cross-laminated tim ber (CLT) is one of the most sustainiable material. It is produced with responsibly souced material. It can be used as struc ture and as finishing. The Construction Material Pyramid is a way of visualizing the environmental impact associated with the produc tion of materials. It also makes it possible to view different kinds of environmental impacts across the different Itmaterials.iscreated by Centre for Industrialised Architecture, Royal Danish Academy carbonemission CO2eq/m3 MATERIAL STUDIES Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT)The Construction Material Pyramid 100 kg CO2 eq / m3 1000 kg CO2 eq / m3 10000 kg CO2 eq / m3 10 kg CO2 eq / m3 0 kg CO2 eq / m3

Advantages • Familiar form of construction • Hygroscopic environmental regulation • Low-carbon form of masonry • Low waste and ease of reuse/recycling • Thermal mass • Vapour-permeable wall construction Limitations • Careful detailing needed for exposed areas • Low strength • Natural soil units are prone to water deterioration • Requires time and shelter during drying on site before fin ishes can be applied • Specialist mortars can be required for thin walls • Suitability of rendered external finishes limits application • Use limited to above damp-proof course or equivalentl •evelVery low U-values will require thicker walls than some competing materials Unfired Clay Brick Living Roof

106 Why specify unfired clay brick and block? Unfired clay masonry construction can be used for both load bearing and non-loadbearing walls. In the UK, traditional un fired clay block (‘clay lump’) buildings are commonplace in some areas of East Anglia.

Flat or low-slope roofs cover partial or entire vegetation, such as grass or other small plants, preferably native to the area. Green roofs help lessen the heat island effect caused by collected heat from concrete, asphalt, and other construction materials in urban areas.

your

(0.127meters) deep. Starting point Stop 1 Stop Ending2 point Depth: 0.77m, steady Depth: 2.074m, rising Depth: 0.161m, steady Stop 1 Stop 2 107 Kayak on Arno River in FlorenceKayak Route on River Irwell About KayakStarts Ends Site Salford Art Gallery Adelphi Weir Weir PeelKersalParkWetland KersalDale Playfield DESIGN PROGRAMME : water sports facility

Total 4.56 km

In fact, there are boats that can easily glide through the water even if it is only 6 inches(0.1524 meters) deep. This can be possible without touching the river bottom, as long as it is a level bottom and not rocky. some cases, you should have no prob lem floating boat at a water level that’s only about 5 inches

108 BRIFE OVERVIEW N Entrance Public space Water sports facility Water sports zone Social club Social club 1280m²550m² Using public car park on Littleton1500roadm² Lobby Benquat Restaruant Bar Pool table area CorridorKitchenW.C. TechnicalTerrace room CloakroomOfficeW.C.Gym Store room DeckCarLandscapepark CIRCULATION Riverside entre Guest circulation Entre ConnectionsriverService circulation Main entrance Landscape River Irwell Zonning Programme

The brief is converted into three rational volumes, including the existing building. The volumes are streched to adapt to the site and suroundings. The volumes are shaped to create a smooth flow and arrival. The volumes are hollowed out to ccreat a courtyard to connect 2 buildings.

109 Volumetric study CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAMS

3 INSTITUTIONS INSIDE-OUT

3 FACADE LINE FLOW & ARRIVAL COURTYARD

VOLUMES

Each with an individual identity and envirnment. Each building opens up to the outside and share the enviroment inside. LEVEL CHANGE ZONES Roof level, pedestrian level and water level are all accessible from exterior. Different zones are created along the connection where buildings meet the courtyard.

2 Decks Roof connect with the flood defence level. Visitors could enjoy the 360 degree view.

The landscape continuously carry through the interior of water sports center.

Roof terrace Roof connect with the flood defence level. Visitors could enjoy the 360 degree view.

Flood resisrance boad storage

Deck+path

Kayak boat storage Water sport centre Courtyard Social clubTerrace Roof terrace Step & sitting Standing deck Seating deck New roof

110 Conceptual Ideas

Kayak boat storage facing the riverside to provide convinence for the kayakers. Kayak boats attach to the stracture to defend the flood during the rainy season. Landscape continuity

111 SITE PLAN Site Plan Scale=1:500 N 1 2 3 4 8 9 121014 15 13 11 5 6 7 Legand 1. Entrance area 2. Outdoor table setting area 3. Entrance hill 4. Water sports centre 5. Deck 1 6. Deck 2 (Kayak boat storage entrance) 7. Steps to river 8. Lower Kersal Social club 9. Ally way 10. Outdoor table setting area 11. Courtyard 12. Field side hill 13. The field 14. Rain garden 15. Back street

112 Brick tile Roof Living StructureRoof Social club & Water sports centre Slope leads to the roof Boat storage deck 1st Groundfloor floor Terrace Ground floor Rain garden TowardsVisitorService Landscape Towards River CIRCULATIONS

113 PROGRAMME Programme diagram Social club guests Water sports guests Solid outdoor gathering space Green gathering space Back/Servace space Social Club to The field Social Club to Courtyard Water sport centre to Courtyard Gym&training to Equipment pareation Water sport centre to River Main entranceto Water sport centre N

114 Isometric site plan No scale 1st Floor residential The field Water Sports RiverviewCentreDeckCourtyard Rain ProgrammeGarden area Name Stairs Living Corridorroom BathroomBedBedTerraceroom1room2 Name StorageBar Relaxation hall+corridor Indoor grass hill Cloak+ shower room Toilet man& woman Green Roof Area 224sqm40sqm146sqm77sqm55sqm31sqm4.3sqm Area 8.2sqm 16sqm 167sqm173sqm53sqm 16sqm 624sqm Boat Storage Deck Name Deck Kayak2 boat storage Area 62.2sqm136sqm Lower Kersal Social club Name Stage Benquatarea Restaruant Bar Pool table area Toilet man& Multipurposewomantoilet Kitchen Storage room Corridor Terrace ShowerGym room+Toilet Technical room Area 224sqm40sqm146sqm77sqm55sqm31sqm4.3sqm145sqm31.7sqm95sqm160sqm159sqm53sqm23sqm total: 1267sqm total: 1267sqm 305sqm1215sqm total:total:198.2sqm433.2sqm210sqm933sqm

115 GROUND LEVEL PLAN N Ground Level Plan Scale=1:300 The field Rain garden The courtyard Water Sports Gym Shower StageStageBack room Bar area Pool table area Banquet CorridorKitchen Stairs W.C. (F) W.C. (F) W.C. (M) Restaurant Terrace with canopy Outdoor terrace Outdoor Social Club

116 N The courtyard Water Sports centre Sports centre Main entrance W.C. (F) W.C. (M) W.C. (M) Technicalroom Terrace with canopy Outdoor terrace Relaxation hall Entrance grass hill Kayak boad storage Deck Cafetery2Outdoor table area Clock Storage Shower Indoor grass hill

117 DETAIL PLANS Ground Floor Plan Scale=1:150 Entrance grass hill Entrance W.C. (F) W.C. (M) ShowerShower Relaxation hall Outdoor table area Glass certain (M)Clock(F)Clock Storage Indoor grassDeckhill1 Deck 2 Stone steps Riverside path Steps Water sports centre

118 1st Floor Plan N G Floor Plan Scale=1:100 Living room Lobby roomBedroomBed2 1 Bed room 3 Reading room Kitchen Terrace Bathroom Lower Kersal Social club residential part Selection key plan Lower Kersal social club is a 2 stories building. Ground floor is for public use, 1st floor is for private use.

119 ELEVATIONS & SECTIONS Long section Scale=1:150 Boat storage section Scale=1:150 Riverside elevation Scale=1:150

120 Section key plan

121 VISUALIZATIONS View 1

122 Key plan 1. Sitting on the entrance grass hill 2. Entrance view 3. The view from the field 4. Walk down from the roof 2 View 2 View 3 View 4 1 4 3

123 VISUALIZATIONS View 5

124 Key plan 5. View of the path toward to deck 6. Courtyard view from the neighbourhood 7. Standing at the terrace 8. Look at the boat storage deck View 6 View 7 View 8 7 8 5 6

Conclution What can we learn fromproject?this 125 Final Outcomesvision 128127

River Irwell, author’s own (2022) 126

127 CONCLUSION Final vision

128

Outcomes

In this report, the proposal is not only aimed at improving the living environment and people’s living standards but also encouraging the construction of activity venues without national and cultural bound aries while planning is also conducive to improving the gap between ethnic groups and different race groups. For example, sport is an activity without borders. While enjoying sports, the distance between people will be shortened. The water sports centre is the It is from this perspective that the sports center is considered. In addition to this advantage, it also shortens the distance between man and nature.

Salford is part of Great Manchester. Through this research, from a historical point of view, the site has undergone many reorganizations to become what it is today. The positive feature at this stage is that it has become a place of the heavy landscape. Wild birds and mammals find homes in Kersal Dale and Kersal Wetland. While the new immigrant group is growing gradually, there are problems with the living standards of the residents of the site, and these problems are inseparable from the surroundings and the environment. While physical environmental problems exist, such as lack of housing, public security, low accessibilities, etc. Humanistic problems must also be taken into account. Such as Racial discrimination, geographical discrimination, religious discrimination, etc. How can these problems be alleviat ed by improving the urban environment?

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SHARED COMMUNITY IN PROGRASS Regenerating and developing the neighbourhood in Lower Kersal Studio MANCHESTERB+C SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MA ARCHITECTURE & URBANISM