Chemistry Human Activity, Chemical Reactivity (International Edition by Paul Treichel – Test Bank

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Sample Test NETA Assessment: Test Bank to accompany Chemistry: Human Activity, Chemical Reactivity, Second International Edition

By Peter G. Mahaffy, Robert Bucat, Roy Tasker, John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, Gabriela C. Weaver, John McMurry Test Bank prepared by Brett McCollum, Mount Royal University Text ISBN: 0176660887 NETA copy editor: Kelli Howey COPYRIGHT ©2015 by Nelson Education Ltd. Nelson is a registered trademark used herein under licence. All rights reserved.

For more information contact Nelson, 1120 Birchmount Road, Toronto, Ontario M1K 5G4. Or you can visit our Internet site at www.nelson.com.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means— graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, web distribution or information storage and retrieval systems— without the written permission of the publisher iii TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part 1: Chemistry: A Human Activity CHAPTER 1: Human Activity, Chemical Reactivity …………………………………………………………… 1­1 Part 2: An Overview of Materials and Reactions CHAPTER 2: Building Blocks of Materials ………………………………………………………………………… 2­1 CHAPTER 3: Models of Structure to Explain Properties ……………………………………………………. 3­1 CHAPTER 4: Carbon Compounds …………………………………………………………………………………….. 4­1 CHAPTER 5: Chemical Reaction, Chemical Equations ………………………………………………………. 5­1 CHAPTER 6: Chemistry of Water, Chemistry in Water …………………………………………………….. 6­1 CHAPTER 7: Chemical Reactions and Energy Flows …………………………………………………………. 7­1 Part 3: Relating the Structure and Behaviour of Substances CHAPTER 8: Modelling Atoms and Their Electrons ………………………………………………………….. 8­1 CHAPTER 9: Molecular Structures, Shapes, and Stereochemistry—Our Evidence ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………. 9­1 CHAPTER 10: Modelling Bonding in Molecules ……………………………………………………………….. 10­1 CHAPTER 11: States of Matter ………………………………………………………………………………………..

11­1 CHAPTER 12: Solutions and Their Behaviour …………………………………………………………………. 12­1 Part 4: Competing Influences on Chemical Reactions CHAPTER 13: Dynamic Chemical Equilibrium ……………………………………………………………….. 13­1 CHAPTER 14: Acid­Base Equilibria in Aqueous Solution …………………………………………………. 14­1 CHAPTER 15: Solubility, Precipitation, and Complexation ………………………………………………. 15­1

CHAPTER 16: Electron Transfer Reactions and Electrochemistry ……………………………………. 16­1 CHAPTER 17: Spontaneous Change: How Far? ………………………………………………………………. 17­1 CHAPTER 18: Spontaneous Change: How Fast? ……………………………………………………………… 18­1 Part 5: Carbon Compounds: Patterns of Structure and Reactivity CHAPTER 19: Alkenes and Alkynes ………………………………………………………………………………… 19­1 CHAPTER 20: Aromatic Compounds ………………………………………………………………………………. 20­1 CHAPTER 21: Halogenated Organic Compounds …………………………………………………………….. 21­1 CHAPTER 22: Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers …………………………………………………………………… 22­1 CHAPTER 23: Carbonyl Compounds: Part I …………………………………………………………………… 23­1 CHAPTER 24: Carbonyl Compounds: Part II ………………………………………………………………….. 24­1 CHAPTER 25: Amines and Nitrogen Heterocycles ……………………………………………………………. 25­1 Part 6: Compounds of the Elements: Patterns of Structure and Reactivity CHAPTER 26: Main Group Elements and Their Compounds …………………………………………… 26­1 CHAPTER 27: Transition Elements and Their Compounds ……………………………………………… 27­1 Part 7: Chemistry of Materials, Life, and the Nucleus CHAPTER 28: The Chemistry of Modern Materials …………………………………………………………. 28­1 CHAPTER 29: Biomolecules ………………………………………………………………………………………… …. 29­1 CHAPTER 30: Nuclear Chemistry …………………………………………………………………………………… 30­1 iv PREFACE

In most post­secondary courses, a large percentage of student assessment is based on multiple­choice testing. Many instructors use multiple­choice reluctantly, believing that it is a methodology best used for testing what a student remembers rather than what she or he has learned.

Nelson Education Ltd. understands that a good quality multiple­choice test bank can provide the means to measure higher­level thinking skills as well as recall. Recognizing the importance of multiple­choice testing in today’s classroom, we have created NETA—the Nelson Education Teaching Advantage program—to ensure the value of our high quality test banks.

The NETA program was created in partnership with David DiBattista, a 3M National Teaching Fellow, professor of psychology at Brock University, and researcher in the area of multiple­choice testing. NETA ensures that subject­matter experts who author test banks have had training in two areas: avoiding common errors in test construction, and developing multiple­choice test questions that “get beyond remembering” to assess higher­level thinking.

All NETA test banks include David DiBattista’s guide for instructors, “Multiple Choice Tests: Getting Beyond Remembering.” This guide has been designed to assist you in using Nelson test banks to achieve your desired outcomes in your course.

The Test Bank for Chemistry, Second International Edition has been revised for Canadian students by Brett McCollum, Mount Royal University. The multiple­choice questions were written and edited to conform to NETA guidelines, which emphasize the development of higher­order thinking and the effective construction of questions. NETA principles of question construction help eliminate ambiguity, arguable answers, guesswork, and unconscious cues to test­savvy students, resulting in a test that accurately reflects student understanding. The Test Bank offers about 1764 questions, including 1357 multiple choice, 151 true/false, 58 completion questions, 120 short answer, 32 problems, 32 essay style questions, and 14 matching items.

In addition to providing a variety of questions related to each chapter objective, this test bank also employs a series of tags that can help design effective, balanced tests by the measure of course outcomes. All of the tags are included with the question in the test bank. These tags

include: v  ANS: The correct answer. (Suggested answers are provided for the short answer questions.)  PTS: The number of points an instructor can assign for each question.

The default is 1 point.  BLM: The category from Bloom’s taxonomy for learning (Remember or Higher Order). This category is included to assist instructors in assessing student’s higher­order cognitive skills.  REF: The related page number in the text.  DIF: An assigned difficulty rating of 1, 2, 3.

The Computerized Test Bank The NETA Test Bank is available in a new, cloud­based platform. Nelson Testing Powered by Cognero® is a secure online testing system that allows you to author, edit, and manage test bank content from any place you have Internet access. No special installations or downloads are needed, and the desktop­inspired interface, with its drop­down menus and familiar, intuitive tools, allows you to create and manage tests with ease. You can create multiple test versions in an instant, and import or export content into other systems. Tests can be delivered from your learning management system, your classroom, or wherever you want.

Cognero and Full­Circle Assessment are registered trademarks of Madeira Station LLC. Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited 1­1 Chapter 1—Human Activity, Chemical Reactivity TRUE/FALSE 1. Knowledge of chemistry applies to your everyday life.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 1 BLM: Remember 2. Electromagnetic radiation can be used as a type of chemotherapy.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 3 BLM: Remember 3. Oxygen (O2) can exist only in one energy state.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 3 BLM: Remember 4. The toxicity of substances can be used to good advantage in chemotherapy.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 3 BLM: Remember 5. Singlet oxygen can be used to destroy cancer cells.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember

6. Electromagnetic radiation of the right energy can cause chemical reactions.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember 7. Porphyrin rings are found in hemoglobin and in chlorophyll.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember 8. In nature, the nitrogen atoms in porphyrins are usually bound to sulfur.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember 9. A gas chromatogram is used to determine the molecular weight of compounds.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 9 BLM: Remember 10. Karrikinolide is the only compound found in nature that causes seeds to germinate.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 11 BLM: Higher Order 11. KAR1 has been shown to promote germination of a range of plants beyond kangaroo paw.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 12 BLM: Remember 12. The most common colour of the Northern or Southern Lights is violet.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 12 BLM: Remember Chapter 1 Mahaffy International 2e TB Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited 1­2 13. All compounds found in wood smoke are beneficial.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 13 BLM: Remember 14. A cup of coffee contains toxic natural substances.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 13 BLM: Remember 15. The World Health Organization estimates that less than 70% of the world’s population uses medicines made from plants and herbs.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 13 BLM: Remember 16. Most modern drugs are modified from chemicals originally found in plants and herbs.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 13 BLM: Remember MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following techniques could be used to separate compounds in a mixture? a. spectroscopy

b. chromatography c. chemotherapy d. photodynamic therapy ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 2 BLM: Remember 2. Which of the following can be determined by spectroscopy? a. the structure of molecules b. the natural abundance of isotopes c. the biological activity of ions d. the toxicity of compounds ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 2 BLM: Remember 3. The earth’s crust is made primarily of which element? a. silicon b. nitrogen c. sulfur d. oxygen ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 2 BLM: Remember 4. Which of the following can spectroscopy tell us about a molecule? a. its name b. its history c. its location d. its structure ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 2 BLM: Higher Order

Chapter 1 Mahaffy International 2e TB Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited 1­3 5. Which of the following is used in spectroscopy to elucidate the structure of molecules? a. triplet oxygen b. photosensitizers c. energy d. neutrons ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 2 BLM: Higher Order 6. Which of the following oxygen containing chemical species is toxic to human cells? a. dihydrogen monoxide (water) b. heme c. triplet oxygen d. singlet oxygen ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 3–4 BLM: Remember 7. There are three components required for the use of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of skin cancer. Which of the following is NOT one of those components? a. a photosensitizer b. red light c. lipoproteins d. triplet oxygen ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember 8. Which of the following techniques uses electromagnetic radiation to

kill cancer cells? a. spectroscopy b. chromatography c. chemotherapy d. photodynamic therapy ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember 9. The porphyrin ring in heme is bound to which metal? a. iron b. magnesium c. cobalt d. copper ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember Chapter 1 Mahaffy International 2e TB Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited 1­4 10. The structure of the porphyrin ring matches which of the following chemical representations? a. structure a b. structure b c. structure c d. structure d ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember 11. What porphyrin­containing substance that absorbs light and transfers energy is found in plants? a. hemoglobin

b.

Visudyne c.

Gavinone d. chlorophyll ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember 12. There are two different energy states for oxygen. Which of the following is the energy state for singlet oxygen? a. ground state b. normal state c. excited state d. absorbed state ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember Chapter 1 Mahaffy International 2e TB Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited 1­5 13. What do photosensitizers do? a.

They energize porphyrin. b.

They transfer energy to triplet oxygen and convert it to singlet oxygen. c.

They make cancer cells sensitive to light. d.

They convert singlet oxygen into triplet oxygen.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Remember 14. People with a medical disorder known as porphyria are required to avoid bright sunlight and wear long­sleeve shirts, hats, and gloves.

Considering the name of the disorder, which of the following chemical substances would you expect to be involved in porphyria? a. chlorophyll b.

hemoglobin c. testosterone d. pyran ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 BLM: Higher Order 15. Which of the following medical conditions is currently being treated by photodynamic therapy? a. cataracts b. macular degeneration c. astigmatism d. arthritis ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 BLM: Remember 16. Approximately how long does singlet oxygen exist? a.

10–6 seconds b.

10–3 seconds c.

100 seconds d.

101 seconds ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 BLM: Remember 17. Why is the location of a tumour important in determining whether photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be an effective method of treatment? a.

PDT works only on certain types of tumours. b.

Photosensitizers will only go to certain locations in the body. c.

The red light from the laser cannot penetrate very far below the skin. d.

Triplet oxygen is found only in certain parts of the body.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 5 BLM: Higher Order 18. What feature describes two molecules that are isomers? a.

They have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. b.

They have the same molecular weight but different types of atoms. c.

They have the same chemical reactivity in solution but different in the human body. d.

They have the same formula but different arrangement of atoms.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Remember Chapter 1 Mahaffy International 2e TB Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited 1­6 19. Research groups are trying to use the light­absorbing ability of porphyrins to do many new things. Which one of the following research projects involves the use of porphyrins? a. treatment of age­related macular degeneration b. generation of heat resistant crops c. conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonia d. transmutation of bismuth into gold ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 6 BLM: Remember 20. Why would a compound that causes seed germination be useful to the agricultural industry? a.

Plants could be grown at reclaimed mine sites. b.

Endangered native species of plants could be regenerated. c.

Weeds could be made to germinate before a crop is sown. d.

Seeds could be kept dormant until planting is convenient for the farmer.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 7 BLM: Higher Order 21. What is NOT a possible source of natural products? a. flowers b. insects c. minerals d. animals ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 7 BLM: Higher Order 22. Seeds can remain dormant until suitable for the growth of a plant.

Which of the following environmental conditions is necessary for seed germination? a. good soil b. sufficient moisture c. low levels of weeds d. low temperatures ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 7 BLM: Remember 23. What is a bioactive compound? a. a compound that is found in biological systems b. a compound that is produced by a living organism c. a compound that is used to test for biological activity d. a compound that has an effect on living tissue ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 7–10 BLM: Higher Order 24. What reproducible source of smoke did Flematti use for his experiments? a. smoke from a forest fire

b. smoke from a bush fire c. smoke from filter paper d. smoke from leaf lettuce ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 8 BLM: Remember Chapter 1 Mahaffy International 2e TB Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited 1­7 25. What is a bioassay? a. a measure of optical activity b. a test for biological activity c. an extraction technique d. a type of spectroscopy ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 8 BLM: Remember 26. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate to use in a bioassay? a. mice b. insects c. fish d. fossils ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 8 BLM: Higher Order 27. Which of the following is NOT a structural determination method? a. mass spectroscopy b. nuclear magnetic resonance c. x­ray crystallography

d. bioassay ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 8 BLM: Remember 28. Why did Flematti and his co­workers burn filter paper? a. to obtain a reproducible source of smoke water b. because it is illegal to start forest or bush fires c. to calculate the amount of smoke produced per gram d. because they did not have a reliable source of wood ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 8 BLM: Higher Order 29. When trying to determine the structure of a compound, how does knowledge of the molecular weight help? a.

It reveals which isotopes are present in the molecule. b.

It tells you about the solubility of the molecule. c.

It is needed to determine the molecular formula. d.

It is equal to the number of carbons and hydrogens in the molecule.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 9 BLM: Higher Order 30. Extraction techniques are based on differences in physical or chemical properties. Which physical property was used in the extraction of Gavinone? a. solubility b. colour c. odour d. viscosity ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 9 BLM: Remember Chapter 1 Mahaffy International 2e TB

Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited 1­8 31. Many organic compounds are detected in the gas chromatogram of smoke. Which of the following processes should be used to isolate one compound? a. separate the mixture into smaller groups by extraction b. run the gas chromatogram with smaller amounts of smoke c. use a mass spectrometer to determine the molar mass of the mixture d. separate the mixture into smaller groups using a bioassay ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 9 BLM: Higher Order 32. What is a major difference between Gavinone and the model compound shown below? a. the location of the CH3 b. the number of atoms c. the size of the rings d. the way the rings are connected ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 10 BLM: Higher Order 33. Why was the name “Gavinone” problematic? a.

It did not give enough information about the structure. b.

It is not appropriate to name compounds after people. c.

It wasn’t considered to be sufficiently formal. d.

It implied a functional group not present in the structure.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 10 BLM: Remember 34. The systematic name for “Gavinone” is based on rules from what organization? a.

IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry b.

USFDA: United States Food and Drug Administration c.

CSC: Canadian Society for Chemistry d.

RACI: Royal Australian Chemical Institute ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 10 BLM: Remember 35. The seed germination trigger compound karrikinolide was originally named after which scientist? a.

Gavin Flematti b.

Emilio Ghisalberti c.

David Dolphin d.

Guilio Natta ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 11 BLM: Remember Chapter 1 Mahaffy International 2e TB Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited 1­9 36. Which of the following is the name for the class of compounds that trigger germination? a. gavinones b. karrikinolides c.

KAR1 d. porphyrins ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 11 BLM: Remember 37. What do the Northern Lights or Southern Lights and “neon” lights have in common? a. being caused by magnetic flux b.

atoms in the ground state c. atoms in the excited state d. their colour ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 12 BLM: Higher Order 38. Why is it sometimes preferable in research to use a pure synthetic substance rather than the natural product? a.

It is easier to obtain the pure substance. b.

Research wastes natural products that we should be conserving. c.

Natural products are not better than synthetic substances. d.

Natural products can contain toxic components.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 13 BLM: Higher Order 39. What is the definition of an organic compound? a. a compound containing no pesticides or herbicides b. a compound containing carbon c. a compound not made synthetically d. a compound that occurs only in nature ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 13 BLM: Higher Order 40. What approach to learning was illustrated in the stories of Gavinone and photodynamic therapy? a. the discovery method b. the investigative method c. the scientific method d. the Suzuki method

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 13 BLM: Higher Order Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited 2­1 Chapter 2—Building Blocks of Materials TRUE/FALSE 1. In a liquid, the particles are vibrating with sufficient energy that they do not have fixed positions, but not enough energy that they can fill any container.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 21 BLM: Remember 2. One mole of dinitrogen tetroxide molecules, N2O4, contains the same number of atoms as one mole of phosphorus pentachloride, PCl5.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: p. 26 BLM: Higher Order 3. All atoms of oxygen have the same mass.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 29 BLM: Higher Order 4. Atoms with the same number of neutrons but a different number of protons are called isotopes of the same element.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 29 BLM: Remember 5. In the mass spectrometer, the high­energy electron beam gives particles of the vaporized sample a negative charge.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: p. 33–34 BLM: Remember MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. According to the kinetic­molecular model of matter, how are the particles in a gas arranged? a.

They are far apart from each other but confined to specific positions. b.

They are packed closely together but not confined to specific positions. c.

They vibrate back and forth in relation to a fixed position. d.

They are far apart from each other and move about randomly.

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: p. 21 BLM: Remember 2. Which of the following phenomena cannot be accounted for using the kinetic­molecular model of matter? a.

An ice cube will melt when it is heated to room temperature. b.

Vinegar and olive oil separate into two layers in a bottle of salad

dressing. c.

The scent from a bunch of flowers diffuses in a room with no air currents. d.

The colour from a drop of blue food dye spreads in a glass of water.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 21 BLM: Higher Order Chapter 2 Mahaffy International 2e TB Copyright © 2015 Nelson Education Limited 2­2 3. Which of the following is a most likely to be a homogeneous mixture? a. butter b. ethanol c. gasoline d. tomato soup ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 22 BLM: Higher Order 4. Which of the following is most likely to be a heterogeneous mixture? a. blood b. windshield washer fluid c. sodium chloride dissolved in water d. air trapped inside an inflated balloon ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: p. 22 BLM: Higher Order 5. Suppose a lighted splint is used to ignite a test tube of hydrogen gas.

Which statement about this situation would be at the molecular level of operation? a.

A loud popping sound is heard by an observer when ignition occurs. b.

After the reaction, condensation appears on the inside surface of the test tube.

c.

The provided energy breaks some covalent bonds, initiating a series of chemical reactions. d.

A chemical reaction occurs that releases heat energy to the surroundings.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: p. 23 BLM: Higher Order