Editor’s Note
Committee Hierarchy
Journals
How to deal with dementia - Young
How depression affects memory decline - Sunny Lee
Rabies Virus - Steven Lee
Smoking Risks - Rin Ueda
Beyond the Smoke: A New Life Awaits - Stella Cho
Creatine - Damon Yoon
Steroids - Bianca Lim
Whole Society Photo
New Start of the Medical Review Society Presentation - Human Cloning: Should it be Allowed?
Vice President
YeJun (Damon) Yoon
President Young-Gyoum Park
Journal Department
Khai Zhe Lim
Bianca Lim
Carvy Ooi Jia Yee
Graphic Design Team
DAIDUY HUNG NGUYEN
JIA XIN LEE
Noelle Maryam Savarimuthu
Rin Ueda
Core Action Team
BRAYDEN SHIU NAM HO
Emilly Lau Jie Yee
JESSLYN HUEY QI ENG
YEON-WOO (STELLA) CHO YUNSEON (SUNNY) LEE
Ad & Public Relations Department
CRYSTL ANN MANISHA LAMA
Kheeshan Karpal Singh Deo
Yunseo (Steven) Lee
D E M E N T I A : O B L I V I O N
DEMENTIA IS NOT A SPECIFIC DISEASE BUT IS RATHER A GENERAL TERM FOR THE IMPAIRED ABILITY TO REMEMBER, THINK, OR MAKE DECISIONS THAT INTERFERES WITH DOING EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES
THINGS THAT INCREASE THE RISK OF DEVELOPING DEMENTIA:
AGE (MORE COMMON IN THOSE 65 OR OLDER)
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE (HYPERTENSION)
HIGH BLOOD SUGAR (DIABETES)
BEING OVERWEIGHT OR OBESE SMOKING
DRINKING TOO MUCH ALCOHOL
BEING PHYSICALLY INACTIVE
BEING SOCIALLY ISOLATED DEPRESSION
SYMPTOMS OF DEMENTIA:
EXPERIENCING MEMORY LOSS, CONFUSION DIFFICULTY SPEAKING, UNDERSTANDING, AND EXPRESSING THOUGHTS
WANDERING AND GETTING LOST IN A FAMILIAR NEIGHBORHOOD TROUBLE HANDLING MONEY RESPONSIBLY REPEATING QUESTIONS USING UNUSUAL WORDS
TAKING LONGER TO COMPLETE NORMAL DAILY TASKS
LOSING INTEREST IN NORMAL DAILY ACTIVITIES OR EVENTS
HALLUCINATING
ACTING IMPULSIVELY NOT CARING ABOUT OTHER PEOPLE’S FEELINGS
LOSING BALANCE AND PROBLEMS WITH MOVEMENT
TYPES OF DEMENTIA:
VASCULAR DEMENTIA
LEWY BODY DEMENTIA
FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA
YOUNG ONSET DEMENTIA
NORMAL PRESSURE HYDROCEPHALUS
ALCOHOL-RELATED BRAIN DAMAGE
MID COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
LEARNING DISABILITIES & DEMENTIA
POSTERIOR CORTICAL ATROPHY
KORSAKOFF SYNDROME
PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY
POSTSTROKE DEMENTIA
HOW TO DIAGNOSE DEMENTIA?
1 COGNITIVE AND NEUROLOGICAL TESTS. BRAIN SCANS. 2.
3.PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION.
4. GENETIC TESTS.
5.CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) TESTS BLOOD TESTS 6.
THERE IS CURRENTLY NO CURE FOR DEMENTIA. HOWEVER, SOME MEDICATIONS CAN HELP MANAGE SYMPTOMS FOR SOME TIME. MEDICATIONS TO TREAT DEMENTIA: CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS: THESE MEDICINES BOOST LEVELS OF A CHEMICAL MESSENGER INVOLVED IN MEMORY AND JUDGMENT. THEY INCLUDE DONEPEZIL (ARICEPT, ADLARITY), RIVASTIGMINE (EXELON) AND GALANTAMINE (RAZADYNE ER). ALTHOUGH PRIMARILY USED TO TREAT ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, THESE MEDICINES MIGHT BE PRESCRIBED FOR OTHER DEMENTIAS. THEY MIGHT BE PRESCRIBED FOR PEOPLE WITH VASCULAR DEMENTIA, PARKINSON'S DISEASE DEMENTIA, AND LEWY BODY DEMENTIA
SIDE EFFECTS CAN INCLUDE NAUSEA, VOMITING, AND DIARRHEA. OTHER POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS INCLUDE SLOWED HEART RATE, FAINTING, AND SLEEP PROBLEMS MEMANTINE: MEMANTINE (NAMENDA) WORKS BY REGULATING THE ACTIVITY OF GLUTAMATE. GLUTAMATE IS ANOTHER CHEMICAL MESSENGER INVOLVED IN BRAIN FUNCTIONS SUCH AS LEARNING AND MEMORY. MEMANTINE IS SOMETIMES PRESCRIBED WITH A CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR. A COMMON SIDE EFFECT OF MEMANTINE IS DIZZINESS. OTHER MEDICINES. YOU MIGHT TAKE OTHER MEDICINES TO TREAT SYMPTOMS OR OTHER CONDITIONS. YOU MAY NEED TREATMENT FOR DEPRESSION, SLEEP PROBLEMS, HALLUCINATIONS, PARKINSONISM OR AGITATION.
HOW TO PREVENT DEMENTIA: 1.PREVENT AND MANAGE HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. ... MANAGE BLOOD SUGAR. ... MAINTAIN A HEALTHY WEIGHT BE PHYSICALLY ACTIVE. ... QUIT SMOKING. ... AVOID EXCESSIVE DRINKING. ... PREVENT AND CORRECT HEARING LOSS. ... GET ENOUGH SLEEP.
Howdepressionandmemorydeclinearelinked: Thecircuitry,thecells,andthesynapsesinvolvedinmemory formationhaveasignificantcoincidewiththecircuitryinvolvedin moodregulationandformation.Dysregulationofneurotransmitters -serotonin,norepinephrine,anddopamine-whichplaycrucial rolesinmoodregulationandcognitiveactivities Incaseof depression,theimbalanceoftheneurotransmitterscandamage synapticplasticity,whichisessentialforlearningandmemory formation
Newtreatmentsforthedepression,dementia:
1Physical therapy (exercise) - the best treatment for the ageing body&brain
2. Prescription of SSRI (drugs)
3. Scheduled appointment with the trainer - gives the opportunity togetawayfromsocialisolationandlosingconnectedness
-Louis PasteurHe is a microbiologist from France who helped in the creation of the rabies vaccine
Steven Lee
It is a zoonotic infectious disease that can be transmitted between humans and animals. Rabies is the name given to the disease that infects animals, while hydrophobia rabies is the name given to an infection in humans because it causes a fear of water.
When an infected animal bites or scratches a wound and the wound comes into contact with the saliva of an infected animal, rabies is spread. Additionally, all mammals, including people, cats, raccoons, foxes, bats, and cows, can also contract rabies.
The rabies virus can avoid completely the human's immune system. The rabies virus attempts to take control of the central nervous system. Pets are the main cause of rabies infection in most cases. The Milwaukee Protocol is a vaccine for rabies, however its success rate is merely 10%.
Rabies claims the lives of 60,000 individuals worldwide each year. Furthermore, the death rate is virtually 100%. There are only 29 rabies survivors. Moreover, rabies is one of the disease which a treatment has not yet been developed. Additionally, You cannot drink water if you have rabies because you are terrified of the agony and paralysis of your muscles that come with swallowing water.
Lungcancer
Heartdisease
Respiratorysystem
Nicotinedependenceanddifficultyquitting
Secondhand smoke risks and influence on children and pets
Nicotine, a highly addictive substance in tobacco, makes quitting smoking extremely challenging for many individuals. The addictive nature of nicotine leads to physical dependence, making withdrawal symptoms severe when attempting to quit.
CardiovascularProblems:
Prolongedexposureincreasestheriskofheartattacks andstrokes.
Amixtureofgasesandfineparticlesis producedwhenmaterialsburn. Itcontainsharmfulchemicalssuchas carbonmonoxide,formaldehyde, benzene,andacrolein. CancerRisk:
Smokecanirritatetherespirator system,causingcoughing, shortnessofbreath,and worseningasthmaorotherlung conditions.
Manychemicalsinsmokearecarcinogenicandcan
Naturally occurring compound found in small amounts in certain foods and also synthesized by the body, primarily in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas, yet is preferred to intake around 5 grams per day
By improving performance and reducing fatigue, creatine allows for greater training volume and intensity. Over time, this can lead to significant gains in muscle mass and strength.
Creatine travels to skeletal muscles, which convert creatine into phosphocreatine This then helps create ATP, which is a source of energy that cells use when you exercise. So, creatine helps maintain a continuous energy supply to your muscles during intense lifting or exercise.
By increasing the availability of ATP, creatine enables muscles to perform more work, leading to greater strength and power output. This allows for more effective workouts and can contribute to increased muscle mass over time.
Creatine supplementation has been shown to increase muscle protein synthesis, which is the process of building new muscle proteins. This contributes to muscle hypertrophy (growth) when combined with resistance training.
Some studies suggest that creatine can reduce muscle cell damage and inflammation following intense exercise. This can aid in quicker recovery times, allowing for more frequent and intense training sessions.
Creatine draws water into muscle cells, which increases their volume. This not only makes muscles appear larger but also creates an optimal environment for muscle growth by enhancing the delivery of nutrients to muscle cells and promoting anabolic processes.
Cognitive and Other Health Benefits
Beyond muscle growth, creatine has been found to have cognitive benefits, potentially improving memory and brain function. It is also being studied for its potential benefits in various health conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases.
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On the 20th of February, 2024, we took the whole society photo in the library. As it was the first time we physically gathered, we could feel the connection between each other as a member of our society. Young-Gyoum Park
13th of March, 2024
It was my first time investigating the medical issues this deeply, and even though I struggled with formatting and commencing the presentation, I still could make it because of the help from the rest of the society. It was also interesting to look up for the future impacts of cloning, which let me get to know about how cloning works, the pros and cons of it, and the basic philosophical issues of it. This presentation allowed me to remind myself of the real life applications of scientific medical technology!
1st of July, 2024 21 21
It has been a year since I took this honorable role of president of the Medical Review Society. When I took this role, learning the process and gathering the members wasn't easy. However, thankfully, about 16 passionate students joined our society and discovered many issues about medicine worldwide. Thank you, and it was an honor to work with you guys. However, as I will be in year 13 in the next academic year and would not have enough time to dedicate to our society, I would like to open opportunities to juniors passionate about leading positions and discovering new knowledge. Please scan the QR code below and fill out the Google form if you are interested. Once again, thank you to all our members, and the people who gave attention to our society and our journal.
