Personality Theories A Global View 1st
Edition Shiraev Test Bank
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Chapter 6: The Behavioral Learning Tradition
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. What is Behaviorism?
A. a diverse interdisciplinary tradition that focuses on observable behavior
B. a branch of psychology centered around the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness
C. a tradition that emphasizes an understanding of the mental processes behind behavior through means such as introspection
D. a branch of psychology that analyzes change in personality over the lifespan
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Behavioral Learning Tradition
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Who was the pioneer ethnographer of Native American culture who argued that animals possess reason, creativity, and moral judgement?
A. B. F. Skinner
B. Lewis Henry Morgan
C. George J. Romanes
D. William McDougall
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Anthropomorphism
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Who was the British psychologist who published Animal Intelligence in which he argued that sophisticated emotional dilemmas regulate animal behavior?
A. Lewis Henry Morgan
B. Edward Thorndike
C. George J. Romanes
D. Gustave Le Bon
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Anthropomorphism
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. What is the instinct as defined by supporters of anthropomorphism?
A. a personal decision
B. a conditioned response
C. a learned behavior
D. an inherent pattern or complex behavior
Ans: D
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Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Theories of Social Instincts
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Who was the French psychologist who believed that aggressiveness as an individual trait initially emerges in a large crowd?
A. Gustave Le Bon
B. B. F. Skinner
C. Vladimir Bekhterev
D. Ivan Pavlov
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Theories of Social Instincts
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Who was the French psychologist who believed that our entire learning process is imitation, and that we build our individual psychological qualities when we copy others?
A. Gustave Le Bon
B. Gabriel Tarde
C. Edward Thorndike
D. Julian Rotter
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Theories of Social Instincts
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Who was the English scholar who argued that human behavior could be traced to initial animal instincts such as parenting?
A. B. F. Skinner
B. Julian Rotter
C. William McDougall
D. Gabriel Tarde
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Theories of Social Instincts
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. What was the hypothesis offered by comparative psychologists in regard to habit formation?
A. habits are inherently detrimental behaviors
B. habits are formed through social modeling
C. habits are a result of unhealthy coping mechanisms
D. habits are a result of favorable conditions stimulating one type of behavior and unfavorable conditions suppressing this behavior
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Learning Laws
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Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Who was the American scholar who introduced a new method of studying habit formation that involved placing animals inside a “puzzle box?”
A. Edward Thorndike
B. William McDougall
C. Julian Rotter
D. Vladimir Bekhterev
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Learning Laws
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. What is the principle that in order to understand complex phenomena, a scientist should seek the simplest solution?
A. convergence
B. parsimony
C. habituation
D. deindividuation
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Understanding Personality by Studying Animal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. Who pioneered behavioral research into personality and argued that animals and humans should be subject to essentially similar laws?
A. psychoanalytic psychologists
B. cognitive psychologists
C. comparative psychologists
D. developmental psychologists
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Understanding Personality by Studying Animal Behavior
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. What is the weakening of awareness of self, often experienced when part of a group?
A. depersonalization
B. intuition
C. self-efficacy
D. deindividuation
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Theories of Social lnstincts
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. What is the process by which new behaviors become automatic?
A. habit formation
B. behavioral adaptation
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C. deindividuation
D. habituation
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Learning Laws
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. What are Pavlov’s two categories of reflexes?
A. explicit and implicit
B. conditioned and unconditioned
C. intentional and unintentional
D. trained and learned
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Conditioned Reflexes
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. What is our belief in our own ability to manage our lives and to exercise control over events that effect our lives?
A. self-control
B. self-esteem
C. self-efficacy
D. self-awareness
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Social Learning Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. What process refers to the act of abandoning a bad habit or decreasing a fearful reaction?
A. deindividuation
B. inhibition
C. depletion
D. extinction
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Behavior Therapy
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. What is a method of dealing with emotional problems containing three phases: self-monitoring, selfevaluation, and self-reinforcement?
A. dialectical behavioral therapy
B. self-reflection therapy
C. cognitive behavioral therapy
D. self-control therapy
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
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Answer Location: Behavior Therapy
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. ______ is when inhibition in one part of the brain excites other parts of the brain.
A. Induction
B. Excitation
C. Inhibition
D. Conversion
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Conditioned Reflexes
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. The ______ is a concept that describes the dynamic of learning a habit and indicates the connection between learning and time it takes to learn.
A. learning gap
B. learning curve
C. learning ratio
D. learning quotient
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Learning Laws
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. Thorndike’s ______ are what he saw as the most essential principles on which learning is based.
A. Theories of Learning
B. Rules of habit formation
C. Laws of learning
D. Fundamentals of learning
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Learning Laws
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. ______ was a Russian psychologist who promoted the idea that science must study the individual from a multidisciplinary perspective with reflexology at the center.
A. Julian Rotter
B. Ivan Pavlov
C. William McDougall
D. Vladimir Bekhterev
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Reflexology and Personality
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. Pavlov believed the ______ of the nervous system to be a reflection of the functional ability of the neurons to maintain the state of activation or excitement without developing self-protecting inhibition.
A. strength
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B. balance
C. endurance
D. agility
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Types of Personality and the Nervous System
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. Pavlov believed the ______ of the nervous system referred to the equilibrium between excitement and inhibition within the nervous system.
A. strength
B. balance
C. agility
D. endurance
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Types of Personality and the Nervous System
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. Pavlov believed the ______ of the nervous system referred to the quickness of the activation of excitement or quickness of change between inhibition and excitement.
A. balance
B. strength
C. agility
D. endurance
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Types of Personality and the Nervous System
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. ______ is the capacity for new habit formation or change of old habits. Pg. 179
A. Self-efficacy
B. Deindividuation
C. Retention
D. Plasticity
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Watson: Studying and Applying Behaviorism
Difficulty Level: Easy
26. ______ is the ability of individuals to keep their habits ready to be used in a new situation.
A. Retention
B. Plasticity
C. Self-efficacy
D. Habit formation
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-3: Discuss the principles of reflexology and conditioned reflexes.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
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Answer Location: Watson: Studying and Applying Behaviorism
Difficulty Level: Easy
27. ______ was seen by Watson to be the cause of mental illness.
A. An imbalance in the nervous system
B. A habit disturbance
C. An unhealthy coping mechanism
D. A chemical imbalance
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-3: Discuss the principles of reflexology and conditioned reflexes.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Habit Disturbances: Abnormal Behavior and Deviance
Difficulty Level: Easy
28. Edwin Holt introduced the concept that a ______ is the reaction that has something to do with the way an animal or human interprets the situation.
A. interpretive response
B. involuntary response
C. molar response
D. voluntary response
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Studying Behavior From Different Angles
Difficulty Level: Easy
29. Edward Tolman was a(n) ______, who’s research involved the idea of purpose or a goal.
A. animal behaviorist
B. cognitive psychologist
C. comparative psychologist
D. purposive or operational behaviorist
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Studying Behavior from Different Angles
Difficulty Level: Easy
30. In Tolman’s system, a ______ results from the internal processing by which individuals code, store, recall, and decode information about particular elements of their experience.
A. cognitive map
B. social web
C. mental category
D. habit
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Studying Behavior from Different Angles
Difficulty Level: Easy
31. In Skinner’s system, ______ is based on using activities to produce effects.
A. self-control therapy
B. operant conditioning
C. habit formation
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D. cognitive training
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Optimistic Behaviorism of B. F. Skinner
Difficulty Level: Easy
32. In Skinner’s system, ______ are conditions involving different rates and times of reinforcement.
A. conditioned stimuli
B. negative reinforcements
C. schedules of reinforcement
D. positive reinforcements
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Optimistic Behaviorism of B. F. Skinner
Difficulty Level: Easy
33. The ______ was designed by B. F. Skinner to form good habits in babies.
A. schedules of reinforcement
B. puzzle box
C. skinner’s box
D. aircrib
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-2: Explain why early comparative psychologists linked animal and human behavior.
Cognitive Domain: comprehension
Answer Location: From Animals to Humans
Difficulty Level: Easy
34. ______ was Skinner’s biggest publishing hit in which he applied behaviorism to explain the modern individual.
A. Beyond Freedom and Dignity
B. Walden Two
C. Animal Intelligence
D. Social Learning and Personality Development
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Social Engineering
Difficulty Level: Easy
35. ______ was a novel written by Skinner in which he took Thoreau’s argument for a simple lifestyle a step further by adding the concept of positive reinforcement.
A. Social Learning and Personality Development
B. Walden Two
C. Beyond Freedom and Dignity
D. Animal Intelligence
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Social Engineering
Difficulty Level: Easy
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36. ______ states that among other things, learning does not necessarily need reinforcement and conditioning and can in fact come from other sources.
A. Operant conditioning
B. Reflexology
C. Social learning theory
D. Habit disturbance theory
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Social Learning Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
37. Psychologist ______ focused on the inner factor of expected outcome and how that regulates human behavior.
A. William McDougall
B. Gustave Le Bon
C. B. F. Skinner
D. Julian Rotter
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Social Learning Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
38. A person’s ______ is the individual tendency to explain events as influenced by somewhat controllable, internal, relatively permanent characteristics such as skill or preparedness.
A. internal locus of control
B. external locus of control
C. self-efficacy
D. retention
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-3: Discuss the principles of reflexology and conditioned reflexes.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Social Learning Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
39. A person’s ______ is an individual tendency to explain events as influenced by uncontrollable external factors such as powerful others or luck.
A. internal locus of control
B. eternal locus of control
C. plasticity
D. self-efficacy
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-3: Discuss the principles of reflexology and conditioned reflexes.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Social Learning Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
40. ______ offers the suggestion that individuals influence their environment and vice versa.
A. Deindividuation
B. Operant conditioning
C. Reciprocal determinism
D. Habit disturbance
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Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Social Learning Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
41. Which of the following least fits the views of a behaviorist?
A. Personality is something that occurs between behavior and the environment.
B. An individual’s development, actions, complex behavior, and traits are all based on the underlying learning processes
C. Habits are formed through repeated conditioning
D. Individual personality is the result of social learning
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Behavioral Learning Tradition
Difficulty Level: Hard
42. Which of the following is NOT an example of anthropomorphism?
A. Describing a dog as tired
B. Describing a cat as introverted
C. Describing a bird as friendly
D. Describing a mouse as shy
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Anthropomorphism
Difficulty Level: Hard
43. Which of the following statements would contemporary research on animal emotion and sensation be least likely to support?
A. Animals feel the sensations of pain and fatigue
B. Animals experience deep moral conflicts
C. Animals are subject to essentially the same laws as humans
D. Animals display emotions through muscle movements
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Anthropomorphism
Difficulty Level: Hard
44. Which of the following statements would Vladimir Bekhterev most likely disagree with?
A. Reflexology can explain practically all aspects of human behavior
B. Transformations of energy in the brain and nervous system account for human personality
C. Individual differences in personality are due to different social influences
D. Emotions are an accumulation of nervous energy in the cerebral cortex
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Reflexology and Personality
Difficulty Level: Hard
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45. Which of the following is an example of a conditioned response?
A. someone yawning when tired
B. removing one’s hand quickly when touching something hot
C. someone jumping at a loud noise
D. a dog drooling when hearing a bell that is usually rung before food is presented
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Conditioned Reflexes
Difficulty Level: Hard
46. Which of the following is an example of an unconditioned response?
A. a person jumps at a loud noise
B. a dog drools when hearing a bell that is usually rung before food is presented
C. a child fears white animals after being exposed to a loud noise paired with a white mouse
D. a person feels hunger at the sight of red and yellow stripes similar to those on food wrappers
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Conditioned Reflexes
Difficulty Level: Hard
47. Which of the following statements would John Watson most likely disagree with?
A. Behavior is a set of responses to a specific signals.
B. Behavior is all social imitation.
C. Behavioral responses become useful and thus retained.
D. Some simple reactions develop into complex acts.
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Watson: Studying and Applying Behaviorism
Difficulty Level: Hard
48. Which of the following statements is most closely describing someone with an internal locus of control?
A. someone who attributes a low test score to inadequate teaching
B. someone who attributes a low test score to a bad testing environment
C. someone who attributes a low test score to lack of preparation
D. someone who attributes a low test score to bad luck
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-3: Discuss the principles of reflexology and conditioned reflexes.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Social Learning Theory
Difficulty Level: Hard
49. Which of the following statements is most closely describing someone with an external locus of control?
A. someone who attributes bad grades to lack of skill
B. someone who attributes bad grades to lack of preparation
C. someone who attributes bad grades to lack of personal effort
D. someone who attributes bad grades to lack of effort from teachers
Ans: D
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Learning Objective: 6-3: Discuss the principles of reflexology and conditioned reflexes.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Social Learning Theory
Difficulty Level: Hard
50. Which of the following experimental designs would B.F. Skinner be least likely to implement?
A. measuring reaction times during a test of auditory recognition
B. measuring salivary levels of dogs after ringing a bell that has been paired with food
C. recording pigeon behavior after repeated positive reinforcement in the form of food
D. measuring
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Optimistic Behaviorism of B. F. Skinner
Difficulty Level: Hard
51. Which of the following is an example of the social learning perspective?
A. Behavior is simply a consequence of reward and punishment.
B. All behavior is a form of imitation of others.
C. Behavior and personality is created through conditioning.
D. Personality is the interaction between behavior and the environment.
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-2: Explain why early comparative psychologists linked animal and human behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Social Learning Theory
Difficulty Level: Hard
52. Behaviorists such as Bandura have found that building up ______ is instrumental in overcoming posttraumatic symptoms.
A. self-control
B. learning ability
C. self-efficacy
D. plasticity
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Coping With Traumatic Events
Difficulty Level: Medium
53. Which of the following statements is NOT an example of deindividuation?
A. Someone doing something they would normally not because they’re in a crowd.
B. Someone losing their feeling of individuality in a crowd.
C. Someone who is normally reserved becoming loud and talkative to match the energy of the crowd they’re in.
D. Someone who is normally socially anxious becoming increasingly so in a crowd.
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Theories of Social Instincts
Difficulty Level: Hard
54. According to Julian Rotter, which of the following individuals would likely be least effected by the opinions and viewpoints of others?
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A. Someone who practices their hobbies because they get pleasure from the hobbies themselves.
B. Someone who practices their hobbies because they want to earn money from it.
C. Someone who practices their hobbies to impress someone else.
D. Someone who practices their hobbies to gain attention from others.
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-3: Discuss the principles of reflexology and conditioned reflexes.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Social Learning Theory
Difficulty Level: Hard
55. Which of the following statements is an example of operant conditioning?
A. conditioning a dog to drool at the sound of a bell by pairing it with food
B. teaching a child to behave by rewarding them when they are good and punishing them when they misbehave
C. conditioning a person to become hungry at the sight of red and yellow by using red and yellow striped food wrappers
D. a person who becomes ill from clams gaining an aversion to them
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Optimistic Behaviorism of B. F. Skinner
Difficulty Level: Hard
56. Which of the following experiments is least likely to be recreated again today?
A. Skinner’s experiment examining pigeon’s behavioral responses to schedules of reinforcement
B. Ivan Pavlov’s experiment examining dog’s salivary responses
C. John Watson’s experiment examining operational conditioning on a 9-month-old child
D. Edward Thorndike’s puzzle box experiments examining cat learning patterns
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Habit Formation
Difficulty Level: Hard
57. Which of the following is NOT one of the contributions of Behaviorism to the study of personality?
A. knowledge about universal learning principles
B. knowledge about different conditions in which learning takes place
C. knowledge about habit formation
D. knowledge about cognitive processes
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-2: Explain why early comparative psychologists linked animal and human behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Behavioral Learning Tradition
Difficulty Level: Hard
58. Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributed to Behaviorism’s rapid development?
A. a shift toward an emphasis on cognition
B. the success of animal psychology
C. the accomplishments of physiology
D. development of new research methods
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-2: Explain why early comparative psychologists linked animal and human behavior.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Behavioral Learning Tradition
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Difficulty Level: Hard
59. All of the following were major influences on the interdisciplinary tradition of Behaviorism except…
A. experiment psychology
B. cognitive psychology
C. animal psychology
D. physiology
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Behavioral Learning Tradition
Difficulty Level: Hard
60. Which of the following is NOT a special condition that must be present for acquisition of a conditioned reflex?
A. specific situation in which the reflex is formed
B. underlying unconditioned reflex
C. positive and negative reinforcement according to the conditioned response
D. an unconditioned stimulus to pair with unconditioned reflex
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Conditioned Reflexes
Difficulty Level: Hard
61. Which of the following is NOT one of Watson’s views on behavior?
A. Behavior is a set of responses to specific signals.
B. Behavioral responses becomes useful and thus retained.
C. Some simple reactions develop into complex acts.
D. Behavior is social imitation.
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Watson: Studying and Applying Behaviorism
Difficulty Level: Hard
62. ______ is a Canadian born psychologist who conducted the Bobo doll experiment and published the influential book Social Learning and Personality Development.
A. Albert Bandura
B. B. F. Skinner
C. William McDougall
D. Julian Rotter
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 6-1: Identify the main principles and historical contexts of the behavioral learning tradition.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Social Learning Theory
Difficulty Level: Medium
63. The Bobo doll experiment showed that children exposed to direct and indirect violence were significantly more likely to express ______.
A. Empathy
B. Aggression
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