Master Thesis Research Booklet

Explore Lab Graduation

TU Delft

Architecture on the move How to design for Nomads.

by Marta Carvalho 1

HOW DO DESIGN SOLUTIONS IMPLEMENTED IN MOBILE HOMES CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF USER-CENTERED SPACES, WITH A SPECIFIC FOCUS ON INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF MOVEMENT ON SPACE QUALITY?

2

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

04

NOMADIC FOUNDATIONS

08

METHODOLOGY

20

MEANING OF MOVEMENT

22

DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS

29

MOVEMENT (+) CASE STUDIES WHEELLY

40

FLIPKIOSK

46

TRYCICLE HOUSE

50

TINY WALDEN

56

MARKIES

62

MDU

68

ECOBITAT

74

PORT-Á-BACH

82

SPIRIT SHELTER

88

CASA OJALÁ

94

AURA XS MOBILE

100

LIVING (+) CASE STUDIES ECOCAPSULE

110

ÁPH80

118

TINI LIVING

126

AURA HOMES

134

CONCLUSIONS

142

BIBLIOGRAPHY

156 3

INTRODUCTION 4

In t h e eve r- evol vi ng wor l d of arc hi tec t u re, t h e c o n c e pt of “m ob i l i ty ” takes the stag e by re sh a pin g t h e way we p erc ei ve and i nterac t w it h t h e built envi ronm ent . As arc hi tec ts engage w it h t he i dea t hat “ever y thi ng i s m ovin g” , a t ra n sfor m at i ve s hi ft oc c u rs i n ou r un d e rsta n d in g of s pac e, m ater i al s , and the re lat io n sh ip b et ween st r u c t u res and t hei r sur ro un d in gs . Thi s dy nam i c f i el d of st u dy, k n ow n as m o b i l e arc hi tec tu re, ex p l ores st r u c t ure s t h at ad apt , reac t , and s eam l es s l y i ntegrate w it h t h ei r envi ronm ents , c reati ng a new pa rad igm in arc hi tec tu ral des i g n.

“C re at in g s pac e i s the m ai n ac t i on for an a rc h ite c t . It c an b e d one w i th st u rd y m ater i a l in a f ixe d s i tu at i on b u t al s o i n anot her way.

A m o re ad ve ntu rou s ap p roac h i s to have the m ate r ia l m ove or m ove t he w hol e b u i l di ng . ” Ed wa rd B ö ht l i ng k 1 Mo bile

arc hi tec t u re

extend s

b eyond

t h e c re at io n of f l ex i b l e s pac e. I t rep res ents a c o unte rc ul tu ral res p ons e to estab l i s hed n o r m s, wo r k hab i ts , and c ons u m er tendenc ie s. Je n n ife r S i eg al ’s ex p l orat i on i n her b ook “ Th e A r t of M ob i l e A rc hi tec t u re” d el ves i nto t h e d im in ish i ng p ers onal val u e of arc hi tect ure, pa r t ic ular l y i n the hou s i ng s ec tor, w here prof it-d r ive n t rend s overs hadow the f u nda m e nta l va lue of hom es 2 . Thi s p rom pts a c r uc ia l q ue st io n i nto w het her p or tab l e hom es h o ld gre ate r p ers onal val u e than stat i c ones , c h a lle n gin g t he c onventi onal noti on of p erm a n e n c e.

Th is Ma n u al on “ H ow to des i g n for nom ad s. ” w ill b e trac i ng t he roots of m ob i l e a rc h ite c t ure, not m erel y as a c ontem p orar y t re n d fo r m o d er n nom ad s b u t as an evol u t i on a r y jo ur n ey. From anc i ent nom adi c str u c tu res to m ile sto n e s l i ke t he I ndu st r i al Revol u ti on a n d spac e ex p ed i t i ons , hi stor i c al c ontexts

c o l le ctive ly pave th e way fo r t h e pre s -

te st ing g rou nd for i nnovati ve i deas , ai m i ng

ent-day concept of m o bile build in gs.

to sh ap e t he f u tu re of p er m anent b u i l d -

Yet The he ar t of t h is re s e a rc h lie s in

in g p rac t i c es . Thi s ap p roac h p r i or i t i zes

th e p ractic al asp e cts of m o bile build in gs,

ad a ptab i l i t y, f u nc ti onal i t y, and eff i c i enc y

foc using on the archite c t’s pe rspe c t ive. In

in m ater i al u s ag e, l ay i ng t he g rou nd wor k

n avig ating the complexit ie s of d e sign in g

fo r t h e c onst r u c t i on m ethod s of tom or row.

for mob ile liv ing , tech n o lo gy h as e n a ble d i n n ovative s olu tions t h at a lign w it h t h e pi -

Research Aims:

on e e r conce pts of ea r ly h um a n s. E xplo ri n g how the s e p or ta ble s o lut io n s c re ate

Thi s res earc h i s a c om p rehens i ve

sm ar t and accessib l e layo uts in t iny liv in g

explorat i on, j oi ni ng b ot h hi stor i c al and

space s offers insig hts a pplic a ble to a rc h i-

prac t i c al des i g n res earc h. The hi stor i c al

tec tu re at any s c ale, a n d t h at is s o m et h in g

re s e a rc h c om p onent s eeks to u nderstand

wo r th exp loring .

t h e evol u ti on of m ob i l e arc hi tec t u re, explo r in g c hal l eng es , fai l u res , and f i ndi ng

Relevance in Today’s World:

d e sig n c onnec t i ons b et ween anc i ent nom ad ic tr i b es and c ontem p orar y m odel s .

Mob ile

architect ure

h o ld s

sign if i-

Notab l y, Rob er t K ronenb u rg , a p rom i -

c a nt relevance in to d ay ’s ra pid ly evo lv-

n e nt f i g u re i n m ob i l e arc hi tec t u re and t he

i n g world. The COV ID -19 pa n d e m ic h as

He ad C hai r of A rc hi tec t u re at L i ver p ool

h i ghlig hte d the critic a l im po r ta n c e of n ot

U n ive rs i ty i n t he UK , em p has i zes t hat

ta king freedom and m o bilit y fo r gra nte d ,

w h ile p or tab l e b u i l d i ng s s hou l dn’t b e ap-

es pe cially concerning wo r k , a n d liv in g a r-

proac hed i n t he s am e way as f i xed ones ,

ra n ge me nts. Advanc e m e nts in te c h n o lo gy

t h ey mu st st i l l b e ab l e to p rovi de the nec-

a re reshap ing the t rad it io n a l wo r k plac e,

e ss a r y l evel s of c omfor t and wel l - b ei ng 3 .

tra nsitioning it towa rd s re m ote, h o m e -

Th is p ers p ec t i ve u nd er l i nes a f u nd am en-

bas e d s etting s, whic h m ay c o n st ra in o p -

ta l t r u th ac ros s al l arc hi tec tu ral end eav-

po r tu nitie s to e s c a pe t h e c o nf in e s of a

o urs: t he d es i g n of s pac e p rofou nd l y i nf l u-

fi xe d space. The Dig ita l Age a n d t h e ra pid

e n c e s how p eop l e feel .

advance me nts in Tec h n o lo gy h as blur re d

Thi s real i zat i on op ens t he d oor to t he

th e lines b et ween wo r k a n d h o m e, d e -

c e nt ral foc u s of t he res earc h: D i s c over i ng

m a nding flexib le arc h ite c t ure t h at c a n

t h e S ol u t i ons u s ed w hen des i g ni ng m ob i l e

adapt to chang ing ne e d s.

h o m es , t hat c ont r i b u te to the c reati on of

The sig nific ance of m o bile a rc h ite c-

us e r centered s pac es .

ture exte nds to its susta in a ble s o lut io n s

D ef i ni ng how thi s b u i l di ng s m ove i s

for contemp orar y spat ia l c h a lle n ge s. But

o n e of the ai m s of the res earc h s i nc e t he

a l s o, it emb odies a fo r wa rd -t h in k in g, e nv i -

c o ntext of m ob i l e hom es g oes b eyond t he

ro n mentally cons cio us a pproac h t h at of-

in it ia l i m p res s i on of thei r ab i l i ty to rel o-

fers a lig hter construc t io n , pre s e nts lowe r

c ate. The t r u e fas c i nat i on l i es i n the i n -

c a r b on footp rints, an d d isr upt le ss bio-

h e re nt m ovem ent deep l y i nteg rated i nto

di versity on site com pa re d to pe r m a n e nt

t h e ir st r u c t u re and c om p onents . I t’s not

c o nstru ction. Simu lta n e o usly, it ac ts as a

m e re l y ab ou t p hys i c al di s p l ac em ent ; i t’s

5

a bo ut the adaptab ility an d d yn a m ic n at ure of thes e liv ing spaces.

As the stu dy exp lore s us e r-c e nte re d des i gn within the mobile spe c t r um , t h e foc us shifts towards ta ilo r in g d e sign s to pr i or i ti ze the comfor t an d we llbe in g of its oc c upa nts. The inte rp lay bet we e n m o bility a n d t he archite ctu ral q ua lit y be c o m e s a c entra l theme. What sp e c if ic m ove m e nts c a n be harness ed to en h a n c e t h e liv in g exper i ence within the s e c o m pac t spac e s bec o m e s a key g oal of t h is re s e a rc h . Th e di s c over y of this p lay fu l sid e of m o bile a rc hi tec tu re tog ether with re s e a rc h o n m o re prac ti c al asp e cts of this h o m e s, t h at sh o uld expl a i n how this b u ilding s be c o m e live a ble spac es , comp os e s an ove r v iew o n n o m ad ic l i vi n g.

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[ F ig u re 1 ] Ma r k i e s Mo bi l e Ho m e , Edwa rd B ö ht l i n gk 1 985

7

8

NOMADIC FOUNDATIONS

History of Mobile Dwellings

Ancient Nomadic Tribes:

ad a ptab i l i t y of t hes e st r u c t u res .

In eve r y corne r of t h e wo r ld , a n c ie nt

e m brac ed a d i fferent ap p roac h w i t h t he

c ul tu re s have resiste d t h e pull of s e d e n-

Yur t , a c i rc u l ar standard trans p or tab l e

ta r y life, p re s e r v ing t h e ir t rad it io n s, c ul -

d we lli ng u s ed f rom I ran to M ong ol i a . Thi s

tures, and identitie s. W h at h as e n a ble d

light wei g ht yet s ol i d st r u c t u re, w i t h wal l s

th i s re sistance is not o n ly t h e ir r ic h h e r i-

m ad e f rom st r i p s of w i l l ow l ai d ac ros s w i th

tage b u t the de sig n of t h e ir po r ta ble build-

st ra ig ht wooden p ol es , even thou g h l es s

i n gs, allowing the m to stay c o n n e c te d to

f lexibl e as t he b l ac k tent s hows g reat l ev-

th eir ancestr y while c o n sta nt ly o n t h e

e ls of d u rab i l i ty and c omfor t for a m ob i l e

move.

d we lli ng p l ac ed i n ext rem el y hars h c ond i -

In c ontrast , the t r i b es of C entral As i a

While p or tab le build in gs fo un d in d if-

t io n s. The c i rc u l ar c row n and roof p ol es ,

fere nt reg ions may sh a re sim ila r sh a pe s

a re pi votal to t he Yu r t’s st r u c t u re, c overed

a n d constru ctions, e ac h t r ibe att r ibute s

w it h u p to ei g ht l ayers of fel t for war mth

un i q u e sig nific ance to t h e s e st r uc t ure s 1 .

a n d water p roof i ng . The Yu r t’s ad aptab i l i-

Th i s dive rsity is ev ide nt in po r ta ble d we ll -

t y to b oth w i nter and s u m m er c ondi ti ons

i n gs like the Tip i, the Blac k te nt , a n d t h e

a n d its t rans p or tab i l i ty by hors es on c ar ts

Yur t , deve lop ed by va r io us a n c ie nt t r ibe s

h igh lig hts the p rac t i c al and ec onom i c

on different contine nts. D e spite c o m-

c o n siderati ons i n i ts d es i g n 4 .

m onalitie s, su ch as t h e us e of light we ight

A di fferent for m of hi stor i c al p rec e -

m ate rials like fab ric s, d iffe re n c e s a r is e in

d e nt for p or tab l e dwel l i ng s c an b e t rac ed

c o nstru ction techniq ue s, f un c t io n a l o rga-

bac k to w heel ed wag ons . I n t he 1 8 t h c en-

n i zation, and passive ve nt ilat io n m et h o d s,

t ur y, travel i ng s l eep i ng c ar r i ag es were

refl ecting the trib e s’ d ist in c t c lim ate s, re -

c re ate d to c ater to g ent l em en u nd er tak i ng

l i gi ou s b eliefs, and m igrat io n s c h e d ule s 2 .

t h e grand tou r. H owever, the t r u e em er-

Consider the no m ad ic pe o ple s of

ge n c e of w heel ed c aravans took p l ac e

N o r th Afric a , par tic ula r ly t h e B e d o uin s,

in t h e ear l y 1 9 t h c entu r y, p i oneered by

wh o have refined th e ir te nt-m a k in g sk ills

t rave l i ng s how m an l i ke A ntoi ne Franc oni ,

over thou s ands of ye a rs. Th e ir blac k te nts,

c re d ited as one of the ear l y des i g ners and

c rafted from wove n st r ips of blac k goat

in h a b i tants of w hat we now rec og ni ze as

h a i r mixed with shee p wo o l, sh owc as e a

a c a ravan. H i s m ob i l e hom e, the “ Voi tu re

remarkab le b le nd of d ura bilit y a n d f lexi -

No m ad” , travel l ed extens i vel y ac ros s Eu-

bi l i t y, by emp loy ing te n sio n bet we e n po le s

ro pe s howc as i ng a r i c h and di st i nc t i ve ap -

a n d the fab ric as a fo r m of suppo r t rat h e r

pe a ranc e of hi s ar t i sti c end eavou rs 5 .

th a n rely ing on a rig id st r uc t ura l f ra m e 3 .

The evol u ti on of w heel ed vehi c l es

Th es e rectang u lar Inte r n a l c ur ta in s d iv id e

c o nt in u ed throu g h the c ont r i b u ti ons of

specific are as for va r io us pur po s e s, a n d

va r io u s Gy p sy c om m u ni ti es i n Eu rop e,

th e tents c an b e ada pte d to we at h e r c o n-

pa r t ic u l ar l y t he E ng l i s h Gy p s i es i n I rel and.

di ti ons, allowing the pass age of c o o lin g

Th ey i nt rodu c ed t i m b er dwel l i ng s k now n

wi n ds or fu ll e nclosure d ur in g sto r m s. Th e

as kei r-vardos . Thi s nar row st r u c t u res

a bi lity to reloc ate th e ir e nt ire c a m p eve r y

w it h a c u r ved roof to p rod u c e m ore l i g ht

t wo we e ks emp hasize s t h e po r ta bilit y a n d

in sid e and vent i l at i on, were a t r u e vi s i on

9

of c raftsmanship when it c o m e s to t h e d e si gn of a confine d space t h at h o us e d la rge fa m i l i es 6 .

it ie s fo r lig ht wei g ht c onst r u c t i on.

D ur in g B r i ti s h c ol oni al i s m , J ohn M ann in g a Lo ndon c ar p enter em erg ed as a

Thes e p or tab le b uild in gs s e r ve as

pio n e e r of t he P refab r i c ated b u i l di ng i n-

h i stor i c al patte rns insp ir in g c o nte m po-

d ust r y in 1 8 30, add res s i ng t he b roader

ra r y de sig ns. Less ons d raw n f ro m t h e ir

m ass m a rket dem and for m u l ti p l e b u i l d -

ec on omic, lig ht we ig ht , a n d f lexible n a -

in gs in t h e new B r i t i s h c ol oni es . H i s M an -

ture en cou rag e a revalu at io n of t rad it io n-

n in g Po r ta b l e C ol oni al C ottag e exem p l i -

a l a pproache s to shelte r, sugge st in g t h at

f ie d eff ic i enc y, u t i l i zi ng m i ni m al vol u m e

th e n omadic fou ndations of a rc h ite c t ure

fo r sh ippin g , ens u r i ng easy as s em b l y, and

c o nti n ue to hold re levan c e in t h e m o d e r n

e m brac in g a m od u l ar ap p roac h w i th stan-

wo r l d .

d a rd ize d d i m ens i ons .

7

In No r th A m er i c a , the c onc ept of p refa br ic at io n m i r rored i ts B r i t i s h c ou nterpa r t . In it ia l l y, b u i l di ng s were i m p or ted, b u t t h e a bun d ant ti m b er res ou rc es and the n ew fo un d i nd ep endenc e p ost the A m er i c a n Revo l u t i on s hi fted the foc u s to l oc al pro d uc ts. The I nd u str i al Revol u ti on’s i mpac t exte nded f u r t her w i t h the estab l i s hm e nt of the rai l road net wor k , enhanc i ng t ra n spo r tat i on eff i c i enc y, and l eadi ng the n ew ly prefab r i c ated b u i l d i ng s to b e m ore

[ F i g ure 2] C onst r uction of a Yu r t.

ac c e ssible and d i rec tl y s ol d vi a a m ai l ord e r c ata lo g u e 8 .

Revolutionizing mobile shelters: The imp rint of the In d ust r ia l Revo lu-

Innovations of the Machine Age:

ti on o n the deve lop ment of po r ta ble build-

In t h e 20 th c entu r y, a wave of i nnova-

i n gs was p rofou nd, ma r k in g a d e c isive

t ive id e as swept throu g h the f i el d of ar-

sh i ft from traditional h a n d c rafte d prac-

c h ite c t ure and des i g n, p rom pted by t he

ti c es to a more streamlin e d a n d m e c h -

ad va n c e m ents of t he M ac hi ne Ag e. A r-

a n i zed mode of p rodu ct io n . W it h m ass

c h ite c ts and d es i g ners em b rac ed t hes e

produc tion and indu stria lizat io n in play,

te c h n o lo g i c al l eap s , forg i ng u np rec ed ent-

c o m po ne nts cou ld b e mad e in a sta n d a rd-

e d pat h s in thei r c reati ve p u rs u i ts .

i zed way, and p or tab le str uc t ure s c o uld be

O n e stand ou t p ers onal i t y du r i ng thi s

put to gethe r on a mu ch bigge r s c a le. Th is

in n ovat ive p er i od was B u c k m i nster Fu l l-

tra n sfo rmation was not o n ly c h a rac te r ize d

e r. W h ile Fu l l er ’s p r i m ar y foc u s was not

by effi c iency b u t als o by t h e int ro d uc t io n

o n t h e d evel op m ent of m ob i l e b u i l di ng s ,

of i n n ovative constru cti o n m ate r ia ls like

h is in n ovat i ve i deas , c om b i ned w i th c on-

c ast a n d rou g h iron, offe r in g n ew po ssibil -

c e r n s a bou t affordab i l i ty and wei g ht , i nad-

10

ver tently le d him dow n t h e pat h of m o bile h ome s.

U l ti m atel y t he f i el d of p refab r i c at i on re a lly g ai n p op u l ar i t y, am ong st m od er ni st

In 19 44 he had t h e o ppo r t un it y to

a rc h itec ts , l i ke t he C or b u s i er, w ho b el i eve

fur ther deve lop his m o d e l of D ym a xio n

t h at hou s i ng and b u i l di ng s s hou l d b e m ore

h ou s e p reviou sly p re s e nte d in 1928, n ow

prac t i c al to p rod u c e and s hou l d fol l ow t he

wi th the financial suppo r t of t h e a irc raft

s a m e i deas as the revol u t i onar y au tom o -

c o mpany B eechcraft . Th is ve rsio n of t h e

bile in du st r y i n t he p rod u c t i on l i ne.

Dymaxion hou s e fe at ure d a c irc ula r f lo o r-

Thi s era was def i ned by a c om m i tm ent

pl a n su sp ende d slig ht ly a bove t h e gro un d ,

to in n ovat i on, w here t he d evel op m ent of

supp or ted by steel c a ble s attac h e d to a

light wei g ht b u i l d i ng system s was hi g hl y

sl ender mast . The d e sign pr io r it ize d sta-

n ote d. The c reati ve m i nds of thi s p er i od,

bi l i t y while minimiz ing t h e vo lum e of build-

un e n c u m b ered by p rec edents , bas ed t hei r

i n g mate rial re qu ired . It in c lud e d a s e r ie s

e n d e avou rs s ol el y on t he new tec hno-

of i nnovative ap p roac h e s bot h of f ur n it ure

lo gic al ad vanc em ents , i l l u st rati ng a t r u e

th at rolle d and move d as we ll as prac t ic a l

d ef in i t i on of i nnovati on, d evoi d of p oeti c

a n d efficie nt water a n d ve nt ilat io n sys -

in spirat i ons .

tems. Desp ite its re m a r ka ble re inve nt io n of the dwe lling , only t wo protot ype s we re

The American Mobile Home:

produ ce d du e to creat ive d iffe re n c e s w it h th e fu nding company 9 .

In t he es s enc e of fac tor y- b u i l t c on st r uc t i on s u c c es s g l obal l y, t he A m er i c an m o bil e hom e stand s as the m ost s i g ni f ic a nt exam p l e of affordab l e hou s i ng , d om in at ing a c ons i d erab l e p or t i on of the m arket . D es p i te i ts m onu m ental i m pac t i n t he 2 0 t h c ent u r y, thi s for m of hou s i ng fac ed lo n gstand i ng c hal l eng es i n g ai ni ng ac c ep ta n c e as l eg i t i m ate hou s i ng .

In t hi s era , t wo p r i m ar y ty p es of m obile hom es em erg ed— the m anu fac tu red h o using and the t ravel trai l er. M anu fact ure d hou s i ng , var y i ng i n s i ze f rom 2 . 5 m x 10 m to 7. 5 m x 25 m , was trans p or ted to

[ F i gu re 3 ] The W ich i ta h o u se , B ase d o n

site a l ready b u i l t on i ts ow n c has s i s w i th

Dym a xion Protot yp e.

w h e e l s , i t fou nd i ts p l ac e i n trai l er par ks .

Alt h ou g h i t was refer red to as “m ob i l e, ” t he

Fu lle r was initially n ot e m brac e d by h is

re a lit y was that thes e u ni ts even thou g h

peers who p e rceive d h im as a n e c c e nt r ic

t h ey st i l l had t he opt i on, m ost of t hem

i nventor of u nre alist ic pro d uc ts. Alt h o ugh

we re onl y t rans p or ted onc e du r i ng t hei r

h i s work was efficie nt , it fe ll sh o r t in m e et-

life span. The m anu fac tu red hom es i nd u s -

i n g the crite ria for b e a ut y, re leva n c e, a n d

t r y a i m ed to p rovi de c u stom ers w i th the

desirab ility that hous e s t ypic a lly d e m a n d .

illusion of a ty p i c al hom e, c onc eal i ng m a -

11

ter i a l s and incorp orating pitc h e d ro ofs fo r

t h in k in g not onl y ab ou t i ng eni ou s s ol u -

a m o re traditional ap p ea ra n c e. But eve n

t io n s to im p rove m ob i l i t y, b u t al s o on t he

wi th the effor t the matu re d h o us e was st ill

c re at io n of i nter i or c omfor tab l e and f u nc -

j ust s een as the che ap s o lut io n fo r t h o s e

t io n a l spac es for t he w hol e fam i l y 1 2 .

th at c ou ldn’t afford a “re a l h o m e” .

Contrasting with ma n ufac t ure d h o us -

However, as the m ob i l e hom e i nd u s t r y be ga n detac hi ng i ts as s oc i at i on w i th

i n g, th e trave l traile r eme rge d in t h e 2 0 t h

c h e a pn e s s

c entur y with the ris e of m oto rc a rs, t h at

Gre at D e p res s i on of t he 1 9 30 s , w hat had

gra nted p eop le the ab ilit y to t rave l fo r

o n c e be e n a sy m b ol of l u xu r y for week-

pl eas ure. Pione e ring this t re n d was A r-

e n d getaways t ransfor m ed i nto a f u l l - t i m e

th ur She rman, a chemist , w h o re c o gn ize d

h o m e fo r fam i l i es fac i ng the ec onom i c

th e pote ntial for trave l tra ile rs. In 19 3 6, h e

h a rd sh ips of the era . The need for af-

i ntro duced the “cove re d wago n , ” ta ppin g

fo rd a ble and avai l ab l e ac c om m od at i on

i nto a market of individua ls s e e k in g c o m-

be c a m e cr i t i c al as p op u l ati ons s hi fted i n

for ta bl e and mob ile acco m m o d at io n s fo r

s e a rc h of em p l oy m ent , el evati ng the t rav-

weekend c amp ing trip s o r re la xin g fa m ily

e l t ra ile r f rom a l u xu r y onc e ag ai n to a ne -

getaways 1 0

c e ssit y 13

and

nec es s i ty,

du r i ng

the

Thi s shift in focu s —f ro m n e c e ssit y a n d affordab le hou sing to e n h a n c in g in d epen den ce, mob ility, and c o mfo r t— m a r ke d a pi votal moment in the m o bile h o m e in dustr y. The trave l trailer be c a m e a sym bo l of n ew fou nd p ossib ilitie s, t ra n sfo r m in g th e n a r rative from a p ragm at ic s o lut io n to a l i festy le choice that c ate re d to t h e d esi re for inde p ende nce an d c o mfo r t w it h in th e rea l m of mob ile home d e sign .

Al thou g h not the first m o d e l c re ate d th e Ai rstre am was with no d o ubt t h e m o st po pul a r trave l traile r availa ble, st ill h o ld in g

[Figure 4] A i r st re a m Mo de l , Tr ave l Tr a i l e r

rel eva n ce today. Cre ate d in 19 3 5 t h e a ir-

1930.

strea m went into p rodu c t io n sh owc asin g a “n ew dreams c ap e in A m e r ic a” 11 , w it h its

Nota b l y, i t was n’t u nt i l the l ater 20 th

aerodynamic ap p earance, t h e a irst re a m ,

c e nt ur y that ac c redi ted arc hi tec ts and

s hi n i n g silve r model appe a re d , was d e-

d e sign e rs ac t i vel y eng ag ed i n the m ob i l e

s i gn ed to move consiste nt ly t h ro ugh t h e

h o m e in d u st r y. Wi t h l eg i s l at i ons c reated to

a i r, s i n ce one of the mo st n ota ble fe a-

e sta blish cod es of qu al i ty i n b u i l di ng s t hat

tures was its smooth an d ro un d e d exte -

bro ught cons i stenc y to t he c onst r u c t i on

r i or, c re ating a streamlin e d sh a pe t h at

a n d s afet y as p ec t of the hom es . P r i or to

c uts th rou g h the air with e as e. But Wa lte r

t h is, d e sig ns were p red om i nantl y c rafted

Bya m’s created the Airst re a m c o m pa ny

by a m ate u rs or i nd u str y eng i neers , often

12

resu lting in an imba la n c e bet we e n ae s -

t ua lized by Peter C ook . D es c r i b ed i n a

th etic s and fu nctiona lit y. Th e sh ift m a r ke d

19 64 S u nday Ti m es ar ti c l e, as a l i near

a n ew era , where profe ssio n a ls bro ught

c it y w i thi n a hi g h, nar row g r i d system .

th eir exp e r tis e to th e in d ust r y, e n sur in g a

Th e ci t y wou l d star t near London and

m ore harmoniou s b l e n d of fo r m a n d f un c-

expa nd throu g hou t Eu rop e w i thou t di s -

ti on in mob ile home d e sign 14.

m a nt l i ng ex i sti ng c i t i es ; i nstead, i t wou l d grow al ong s i de t hem . I n t he P l u g - I n C i ty,

European Science Fiction:

gr id s s er ved as s pac es w here i nd i vi du al s c o uld “p l u g - i n” or, m ore ac c u ratel y, w here

Simu ltane ou s w it h t h e pro gre ss in

c ra n e s c ou l d c onnec t al l el em ents c onsti-

m ob ile home s and prefa br ic at io n in t h e

t ut in g a c i t y. The G rou p even p rop os ed the

Un i te d States, the 19 60 s m a r ke d a pe r io d

ext in ct i on of c ars i n favou r of a new m ode

of cre ative concepts sur fac in g glo ba lly,

of t rans p or t , m anu fac t u r i ng c i ty c om p o-

n otab ly in Eu rop e. V isio n a r y c o lle c t ive s,

n e nts i n fac tor y s ec ti ons 1 7.

c o nsisting of anarch ists, e nv iro n m e nta l desig ne rs, activ ists , a n d a r t ists, bro ke free from conve ntion a l c o nf in e s, br id gin g ga ps b et ween ar t , s c ie n c e, te c h n o lo gy, a rc hite ctu re, and d a ily existe n c e. Th e s e grou p s,

drawing

in spirat io n

f ro m

the

teaching s of B u ckm in ste r Fulle r, s o ught to dismantle the ar tif ic ia l bo un d a r ie s t h at s eparate d variou s dis c iplin e s. In t h is la n ds c ap e, the Grou p “Arc h igra m” , bas e d in Lo ndon, e me rg ed as a pa r t ic ula r ly inf lue nti a l force among the Euro pe a n ava nt-ga rde 1 5 The radic al g roup fo r m e d in t h e late

[Figure 5 ] P l ug- i n - C i t y, A rc hi gr a m

1960s, p rimarily c o n siste d of re c e nt ly gradu ate d stu dents, m o st ly a rc h ite c ts.

A nother g rou nd - b reak i ng c ontr i b u t i on

Reacting ag ainst the pre s e nt m o n oto ny,

to f ic t i onal arc hi tec tu re, ex p l or i ng rad i c al

th eir main g oal was to publish expe r im e n -

id e as of m ovem ent and m ob i l i t y, was Ron

ta l architectu re trough a m o re a k in m atte r

He r ro n’s Wal k i ng C i ty, another A rc hi g ram

th en a jou rnal or m aga z in e, a te le gra m .

m e m b er. H er ron, an E ng l i s h arc hi tec t ,

But the key notion pro po s e d by t h e gro up

a n d teac her envi s i oned a c i t y w i th i nde -

was the ide a of “ throwaway build in gs” a n d

te r m inate p l ac em ent , c apab l e of b ei ng

str u ctu res c apab le of t ra n sfe r r in g f ro m

a ny w here g l obal l y. Thes e m ob i l e c i ti es

pl ace to p lace —env iro n m e nts n ot re lia nt

c o m p r i s ed d etac hab l e u ni ts , i nc l u d i ng

on the comp lex ha rd wa re of t rad it io n a l

off ic e s , hou s i ng , p u b l i c s er vi c es , and s p e-

bui lding forms 1 6.

c ia lize d u ni ts l i ke hos p i tal s . The standard

One of Archig ra m’s sign if ic a nt c o n -

Wa lk i ng C i t y featu red extend ab l e ar m s for

tr i bu tions was the P lug-In C it y, c o n c e p -

13

c o n n ec ting with othe r e le m e nts a n d t h e groun d or s ea for mate ria l t ra n sfe r 18.

spac e a rchi tec t u re.

In spired

by

the

c onc eptu al

i deas

Arc hig ram’s work went beyo n d im ag-

of A rc h ig ram , Fu tu re System s , a Lon -

i n a r y c ities and inclu de d t h e d e sign of

d o n -bas e d arc hi tec t u ral p rac t i c e, em -

i n n ovative dwelling s, p o d s, a n d un its t h at

ba r ke d o n a di sti nc ti ve ventu re i n 1 975 .

c o ul d i nte g rate into their f ut ur ist ic m a n i-

Th ey in it iated t he d es i g n of a s er i es of

festoes . Althou g h their visio n a r y pro je c ts

w ild e r n e s s

were n eve r p hysic ally re a lize d , A rc h i-

n o lo gy to i ts f u l l est . By 1 9 8 3, t he d i rec -

gra m’s i deas e ndu re d, s e r v in g as in spira-

to r expre s s ed Fu t u re System s’ b el i ef i n

ti on for later contemp orar y pro je c ts.

ad o pt in g tec hnol og y f rom var i ou s m ob i l e

ret reats ,

har nes s i ng

tec h -

I n a more realistic ma n n e r, t h e s e pro j-

st r uc t ure s des i g ned for l and, water, ai r, or

ec ts i m ple me nted the co n c e pts of m o d u-

eve n space travel . Thi s ap p roac h ai m ed to

l a r bui l ding s, p refab ric ate d c o m po n e nts,

inf us e a rc hi tec t u ral s p i r i t w i t h energ y by

c a psul es, and, sig nific ant ly, t h e pr in c iple s

int ro d uc in g a new g enerati on of b u i l di ng s

of m etab olism—a move m e nt prev io usly

m a r ke d by eff i c i enc y, vers ati l i ty, and ex-

expl o red at the CIAM m e et in g of 19 60 in

c ite m e nt . The p rac t i c e’s c reat i on of c ab -

Tokyo. This move me nt ad vo c ate d n ot o n ly

in s a n d p ods , em p has i zi ng m i ni m al ec o-

for th e incorp oration of n ew te c h n o lo gie s

lo gic a l im pac t , p i oneered envi ronm ental

a n d the vast s c ale s of the po st-wa r e ra in

c o n c e r n s i n arc hi tec tu ral des i g n, s etti ng

a rc h i tectu re b u t als o for t h e d eve lo pm e nt

a pre c e d e nt for s u b s eq u ent l arg er- s c al e

of l i vi n g, s elf-g enerating syste m s c a pa ble

wo r ks.

of ada pting ove r time. An exe m pla r y m a n -

Am o n g t hei r w i l d er nes s retreat p roj-

i festati on of Metab olism in a rc h ite c t ure is

e c ts, t h e Peanu t H ou s e stood ou t . Thi s

evi dent in Kisho Ku rokawa’s Na kagin C a p-

sm a ll po d , attac hed to a hydrau l i c ar m ,

sul e Towe r in Tokyo. Th is st r uc t ure c o m -

sh owc as ed u ni qu e m ob i l i t y that tran -

pr i s es ove r 100 p refab r ic ate d c e ll-c a p -

s c e n d e d t rad i t i onal trans p or tati on c on -

sul e-un its, b olte d to a con c rete sh aft 19.

sid e rat io ns . S i t u ated at the ed g e of a l ake, t h e st r uc tu re c ou l d s eam l es s l y m ove f rom

Space Expeditions:

t h e wate r ’s s u r fac e to t he l and or an el e vate d po s i ti on, offer i ng di vers e arc hi tec-

I n the late 19 60s, the evo lut io n of po r-

t ura l exper i enc es . Thi s p roj ec t rep res ent-

ta bl e bu ilding s led to th e e m e rge n c e of

e d a d e par t u re f rom c onvent i onal m ob i l i t y,

pn eum atic architectu re, a gro un d bre a k-

explo r in g m ovem ent w i t hi n t he b u i l d i ng

i n g tec hnolog y offering im m e d iate a n d

its e lf to c reate var i ed s pat i al enc ou nters .

fl exi bl e org anic stru cture s. Th is n ove l

Fut ure System s’ ent hu s i as m for m ob i l e

a pproach env isione d ada pta ble a rc h ite c-

a rc h ite c t u re extended b eyond c onc ept u al

ture th at cou ld re sp ond q uic k ly to f ut ure

d e sign s, mak i ng them one of the few B r i t-

c ha n ges 20 . Lig ht weig ht pn e um at ic st r uc-

ish a rc h ite c ts c om m i s s i oned by N ASA for

tures , e ss e ntially non-physic a l e nv iro n-

ext ra -te r rest r i al d es i g n p roj ec ts . Thei r

m ents,

pote nt ia l

d e sign s in c l u ded s el f- dep l oyab l e s pac e

for exploration in space expe d it io n s a n d

st r uc t ure s , an ac c om m odat i on m odu l e for

14

p res ente d

sig n if ic a nt

There has b een a notab l e em p has i s on in c o r p orati ng

s u stai nab l e

tec hnol og i es

w it h in 21 st- c entu r y m ob i l e hom es . The i n te grati on of s ol ar panel s , energ y- eff i c i ent a pplianc es , and s op hi sti c ated s m ar t hom e system s stand s ou t as a key trend. Thes e fe at ures not onl y c ontr i b u te to m i ni m i zi ng t h e envi ronm ental foot p r i nt b u t al s o act ive ly p rom ote an ec o-f r i endl y l i fest y l e.

P lus, t he real m of m ater i al s and c onst r u ct io n tec hni q u es has ex p er i enc ed s i g ni f i -

[ F igu re 6 ] Future Syste m s’ Pe an u t ( 19 8 4)

c a nt advanc em ents , b oost i ng t he du rab i l-

spaceship s, and a pre -m a n ufac t ure d

Th e sy nerg y of p refab r i c ati on m et hods

l un ar bas e 21 .

The initial ve ntu re s into spac e o pe n e d n ew horizons for arc h ite c ts a n d ur ba n

it y a nd l i fes pan of m od er n m ob i l e hom es . w it h di g i tal p rec i s i on has st ream l i ned the ass e mb l y p roc es s , l ead i ng to b oth ti m e a n d c ost eff i c i enc i es .

pl a nne rs, sparking v isio n s of t h e f ut ure c i ty. The s eeming ly bo un d le ss te c h n o lo gi c a l p ossib ilities and spat ia l pe rspe c t ive s prompte d a shift towa rd c o nte m plat in g s el f-su staining clos e d syste m s a n d survi val c ap su le s. Faced w it h c h a lle n ge s like i n c re as e d mig ration a n d po pulat io n d e n si ty, a tre nd e me rg ed towa rd d ow n siz in g domestic u nits. This e ra m a r ke d a pa ra di gm shift not only in t ra n spo r t in g la rge r str u ctu res b u t in env isio n in g t h e s e a m le ss

[Figure 7 ] D i o ge n e , Re n zo P i a no

tra nsp or tation of sm a lle r, m o re ad a pta ble a rc hite ctu res 22 .

What i s par t i c u l ar l y notewor thy i s the pa rad i g m s hi ft i n the p erc ept i on of m ob i l e

The Modern Nomad:

a rc h itec tu re. N o l ong er c onf i ned to ste re ot yp es , i t has t rans c end ed c r i t i c al p re-

As we ste p into t h e 2 1st c e nt ur y, t h e

c o n c e pti ons . The c hoi c e of a m ob i l e l i fe-

evolu tion of mob ile h o m e s h as un d e rgo n e

st yle i s i nc reas i ng l y vi ewed as a rati onal

a profou nd transfor m at io n , la rge ly inf lu -

d e c isi on, attrac t i ng a di vers e dem og rap h -

en ce d by the dig ital age. Th is e ra h as ush-

ic . Th i s i nc l u des s ol o i nf l u enc ers trans -

ered a wave of innovat io n a n d s e a m le ss

fo r m ing m otor vehi c l es i nto t hei r f u l l - ti m e

i nteg ration of te chno lo gy into c o nte m po -

h o m e s , l u xu r y tou r i s m em b rac i ng m ob i l e

ra r y mob ile homes, revo lut io n iz in g t h e ir

po d s i n s c eni c w i l d er nes s s etti ng s , fam i -

fun ctionality, comfo r t , a n d e nv iro n m e nta l

lie s c reat i vel y u s i ng s hi p p i ng c ontai ners

sustainab ility.

15

to c on st ru ct homes afford a bly, a n d in n ovati ve mob ile s olu tions ad d re ssin g h o m e l es s n ess. Eve n The fu tur ist ic v isio n s of m obi l i ty, akin to Archig ra m’s pre d ic t io n s, a re bec oming a reality w it h t h e c re at io n of ac tua l prototy p e s for s e lf-m ov in g h o m e s.

I n this dy namic land s c a pe, w h e re indi vi dua l s and commu nit ie s e m brac e m obi l i ty i n variou s forms, it is un d e n ia bly a n exh i l a rating era to b e e n gage d w it h t h e c o n c ept of liv ing on the m ove.

16

17

TIME-LINE

Ancient Tribes

The Yurt

Peanut house by

Irish Travelers Wagon

Manning Colonial cottage

1800’s

1833

The Tipi - North America The Black Tent - North Africa

18

Future systems

20th Century

1907

The Carava 1907 UK

[ F i g ure 8] C o n c e ptu al C o l l ag e “ Th e H i sto r i c a l J o ur n ey of t he m o bi l e h o m e”

Arthur Sherman Covered Wagon

1970’s -

1960’s Space Expeditions

Digital Age

an Club

1936

1970’s

Tiny house movement

Dymaxion House

1927

1936

Airstream

Metabolists & Archigram Movement

19

As t h e re s e a rc h q ue st io n m at ure s, i t b ec om es impe rat ive to a r t ic ulate a n d ref in e t he res earc h g oa ls in a st rate gic way. At its e ss enc e, the p r i mar y o bje c t ive is k n ow le d ge acqu i s i t i on— a co m pre h e n sive un d e rsta n d in g of es s enti al el ements fo r d e sign in g a f un c t io n a l a nd u s er- c entric m o bile h o m e.

To f ulf il t h is o bje c t ive, a m et ic ul ou s anal ys i s of re leva nt lite rat ure is un d e r ta ke n , foc u s i ng on arch ite c ts w h o sh a re a sim ila r fas ci nat i on w i th mobile a rc h ite c t ure as a pro m ote r for i nnovation . Th is a pproac h prove s in d is p ens ab l e i n g at h e r in g in sights f ro m a rc h ite c ts w ho not onl y de sign po r ta ble st r uc t ure s but a ls o c ontr i b u te wit h w r itte n wo r ks, guid in g us t h ro u g h hi stor i c al nar rat ive s a n d e n r ic h in g o ur c o m p rehens i on of the m o bile a rc h ite c t ure evo lut io n .

W h ile t h e lite rat ure a n a lysis estab l i s hes a co ntext ua l a n d t h e o ret ic a l fo un d at i on, t he p r i mar y m et h o d o lo gy c e nt re s o n t h e exam i nati on of re a l-wo r ld c as e st ud ie s. Info r m ed by hi stor i c al re s e a rc h a n d m ove m e nt /us e r-c entered de sig n pr in c iple s re sulta nt f ro m t h e l i teratu re re view, a s et of c r ite r ia is d eve lo pe d for t he c as e stu d y a n a lysis. Re c o gn iz in g t h e li m i tat i ons of exist in g a pproac h e s, a m et h o d te r med “draw i ng dis c ove r y ” is int ro d uc e d .

D e spite t h e m et ic ulo us s e le c t ion and anal ysis of c as e st ud ie s, t h e m o st illu m i nati ng i nsig hts e m e rge t h ro ugh t h e c re at io n of d etai l ed draw in gs, in c lud in g o r igin a l pla n s a nd 3D m od els. Th is h a n d s -o n a pproac h unve il s a m ore effe c t ive m e a n s of un d e rsta n d in g eac h p roj ec t .

Subs e q ue nt ly, t h e s e in sights a re t rans l ated i nto diagra m s, offe r in g a c le a r a n d v isua l rep res enta tion of h ow m ove m e nt inte grat io n in thes e b u i l d ings d ire c t ly e n h a n c e s t h e us e r ’s li vi ng ex p er ienc e w it h in t h e spac e.

20

METHODOLOGY.

Th e re s e a rc h jo ur n ey c o m m e nc es w i th an inh e re nt c ur io sit y a bo ut m o bile a rc hi tec tu re.

[ F ig u re 9 ] Re se a rc h P l a n D i agr a m

FASCINATION ARCHITECTURE ON THE MOVE

Me

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THEORETICAL od

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FRAMEWORK y

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Discovering what being mob i l e re a l l y m e a n s

RE

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CASE STUDY ANALYSIS

PPHS

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C re a t e a Timeline

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AG

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LITERATURE REVIEW

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ts gh si es in ss the h e c e of re r t uc s ctu ve e s ge ite co th en ch y l Un nto cha Ar tor i d ile is h an ob m

in

RESEARCH QUESTION

W h at a re t h e s o l u t i o n s / t e c h n i q u e s / a p p ro a c h e s a p p l i e d t o t h e d e s i g n o f m o b i l e h o m e s t h a t c o n t r i b u t e t o c o m fo r t a b l e u s e r c e n t e re d s p a c e s

S

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C re a t i n g a c r i t e r i a fo r C a s e Study analysis

SE

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CONCLUSIONS + RESULTS = KNOWLEDGE 21

22

[ Fig ure 1 0] T h e Wa lk in g H o us e, N 5 5

It’s c r uc ia l to grasp t h at w h e n c ons i d er i ng m o bile a rc h ite c t ure, o ur pr im a r y foc u s i s n’t s o le ly o n t h e build in g’s a bilit y to p hys i c al l y m ove f ro m o n e lo c at io n to a n other, there by gra nt in g in d iv id ua ls gre ater f reed om i n c h o o sin g w h e re to live. W h at t r u l y c apti vates a bo ut t h e s e st r uc t ure s is n ot t hei r m ob i l i t y in t h e t rad it io n a l s e n s e, but rat h er how t hei r d e sign d yn a m ic a lly m ove, ad a pts w i thi n i ts va r io us c o m po n e nts to c raft spac es that b est c ate r to t h e us e rs’ n e e d s. He n ce, thi s anal ysis a im s to exa m in e t h e profo un d i nf l u enc e of m ove m e nt in t h e s e build in gs w hen i t c om es to t h e im prove m e nt of fo un d at i onal as p ec ts c e nte re d a ro un d t h e us e r liv in g.

MOVEMENT.

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF MOVEMENT?

23

MOBILE FURNITURE. In sm a l l spac e s , dive rs e fu nc tionality c a n be a c h i eved w i th o ut necess a r ily u s ing phys ic al barrie rs to s epa rate d i sti n c t fun ct io ns into individu al rooms . An alte rnati ve a ppro a c h i nvo lves desig ning adaptable fu rnitu re modu le s c a pa ble of mov i n g , c o nnect ing , dis c onne c ting, and transforming to red efi n e th e s pa c e fo r different pu rpos e s . Example s inc lu de ta bles c o nverti n g i nto b eds, s ofas with c onc e ale d storage, mo d ula r furn i ture s ui ta ble fo r o utdo or u s e, and s he lve s that c an be put away to c reate a dditional s pac e.

24

Tradi ti ona l ho u s e st r u c t u re s i nvo l ve d i st i nc t c omponent s such as wa l l s , f l o o r s , a nd w i nd ows , ea c h s er vi ng a si ngula r purpos e. Howeve r, m o b i l e a rc hi te c t u re c ha llenges t hi s noti on , reve a l i ng t hat t he s e c o m p o ne nts c a n per for m mult i ple tasks. Dyna m i c o p e ni ng s , s how t hat wa lls c a n t ra nsfor m i nto te rrace d a re a s o r c ove re d a d d i t i o ns , provi d i ng ext ra spa c e.

T h i s ada pt a b l e d e s i g n a l l ows fo r m ob i li t y a nd pr i va c y, a s th e s e fe at u re s c a n b e ret ra c te d w hen t he b ui ld i ng i s relo c ate d o r w he n i nc re a s e d p r i va c y i s d esi red .

DYNAMIC OPENINGS. 25

CENTRAL CORE EXTENTIONS. M obi l e bu i l d i ng s fo c u s o n c re at i ng ve r s at i le spa c es t hat c a n be eff i c i e nt l y c o m p re s s e d fo r e a sy tra nspor t . The c ent ra l core exte ns i o n i s a c o nc e pt w he re b u i ld i ngs revolve a round a ce ntral s p a c e c o nt a i ni ng e s s e nt i a l fa c i li t i es. Extensi ons c an th e n b e exte nd e d f ro m t hi s c o re, for mi ng new spa c es, f un c ti on s, a nd e nv i ro nm e nt s w i t hi n t he mob i le st r uc t ure.

T h i s appro a c h i s a c o m m o n a nd effe c t i ve met hod for ma xi mi z i ng s p a c e i n c o m p a c t l i v i ng envi ronment s.

26

W h e n we t a l k a b o u t fo l d i ng a nd u nfold i ng, we often vi su al i ze pape r fo l d i ng o r t he i nt r i c ate tec hni ques of or i ga mi th at c an tu r n a p l a i n s he et i nto a s c u l pt ure. In mob i le a rc hi te c tu re, bu i l d i ng s have t he a b i l i t y to p er for m t he s a me way.

T h e e nti re b u i l d i ng st r u c t u re c a n fo l d i n a c onc er t i na -li ke move m e nt , m a ki ng i t c o m p a c t a nd e a si ly mova b le. Si mi la r ly, f u rn i ture wi t hi n t he s e st r u c t u re s c a n fold a nd unfold , offeri n g u s e rs t he a b i l i t y to c ha ng e i t s f u nct i on a nd have greater c o nt ro l ove r t he i r s u r ro u nd i ngs.

FOLDING COMPONENTS. 27

[ F ig u re 11 ] Wago n St at i o n, A ndre a Z i tte l

28

THE ANALYSIS EXAMINS

INFLUENCE OF MOVEMENT REGARDING THE IMPROVEMENT OF DESIGN

FUNDAMENTALS

CENTERED AROUND USER LIVING

29

[ F ig u re 1 2] B LO B VB 3 , dmva a rc hi te cte n

30

DESIGN fundamentals.

What are the design fundamentals that compose user focused design?

D ef in in g t h e pa ra m ete rs of Us er C entred D e sign w it h in t h e c o ntext of a rc hi tec t u ral spac e s c a n be a c o m plex task . I n t he b ook “ Ha ppy by D e sign” by a rc h ite c t B en C han n o n , t h e c o n c e pt of h a ppin e ss wi thi n l i vi ng spac e s is sim plif ie d 1. C h a n n o n i ntrod u c es ge n e ra l f un d a m e nta ls t h at c a n b e di s s ec te d into spe c if ic a n d c o n c rete des i g n approac h e s a pplic a ble to va r io us arc hi tec tu ra l s ett in gs. Afte r st ud yin g C h a n non’s wor k , it be c a m e c le a r t h at h is a pproac h c ou l d b e a pplie d to t h is re s e a rc h . To m a ke i t m ore re leva nt , I ta ilo re d t h e s e ge n e ral p r i nc i p l es to bette r f it t h e spe c if ic c as e stu d i es and t h e re a lm of m o bile a rc h ite c t ure. S o, w hi l e t h e ge n e ra l f un d a m e nta l c ate gor i es of l i g ht , c o nt ro l, psyc h o lo gy, etc . , we re estab l i s hed

by B e n C h a n n o n , t h e c o nte nt is a b l end of c o n sid e rat io n s fo un d in va r io u s i ns i g htf u l bo o ks. Th is in c lud e s t h e bo o k “C om m u ni ty a n d P r ivac y: Towa rd a New Arc hi tec tu re of Hum a n ism , ” w h e re t h e a ut h o rs ex p l ore how a rc h ite c t ure c o nt r ibute s to c re ati ng s pac es t h at pro m ote c o m m un it y w h ile res p ec ti ng pe rs o n a l spac e 2 . Ad d it io n a lly, “ The B are fo ot Arc h ite c t : A Ha n d bo o k fo r G reen B u i l d in g” prov id e d va lua ble in sights to enhanc e t h e Nat ure f un d a m e nta l 3 . “ Th e A rc hi tect ure of Ha ppin e ss” 4 was in st r um ental i n ref in in g s eve ra l f un d a m e nta ls like c ont rol and ae st h et ic s, a m o n g ot h e rs.

31

LIGHT. T his f u n d a m e nt a l ex pl o re s t h e i m por t a n ce of n atura l d aylight in a rch i te ct u ra l d e si g n , re co gn izin g it s im pa ct on hu m a ns physi o l o g i c a l syste m s t h at influen ce our m ood , p ro d u c t i vi t y, a n d ove ra l l we l l - b e i n g. To optim ize n atura l light , a rch i te ct s c a n e m pl oy va r i o u s strategies, in clud in g c a ref u l b u i l d i n g o r i e nt at i o n , a cco u ntin g for exter n a l sh a d ows a nd b u i l d i n g sh a pe, s e l e ct i n g a ppropr iate w in d ow s ize s , avo i d i n g d e e p f l o o r pl a n s, i n cor poratin g h igh - level w ind ows fo r l i g ht a n d pr i va cy b a l a n ce, a n d utilizin g roof l i g ht s 5, 6 .

32

B e ing co mfo r t a b l e i n o u r b o d i e s i s a com m on ly va lued id e a l. C o mfo r t a l s o pro m ote s re l a xation a n d a feelin g of s a fet y. T h i s i s a Va l u e h i g h l y co n n e c ted to th e s en s e of to u c h a nd to o u r b o d y, s o fo r t h at rea s on qua lities th at c a n highly i m prove co mfo r t i n d e si g n a re related w ith th e m ate ria lit y u s e d t h at c a n pro d u ce d i fferent t a ctile s en s at io ns a nd t h e s e a rch fo r t h e r m a l co mfor t plus h ow th is id e a l te m p e rat u re i s a ch i eve d c a n a l s o b e a d efin in g fa ctor in co mfo r t 7, 8 .

COMFORT. 33

NATURE. Sp e nd in g t i m e i n n at u re h a s a si g n i fic a nt positive im pa ct o n o u r we l l - b e i n g , re d u ci n g st re ss , en h a n cin g m em or y, a nd b o o st i n g cre at i vi t y a n d k i n d n e ss. Ma ny tod ay a re los ing t his co n n e ct i o n d u e to h o m e d e sign . A rch itect s sh ould p rio rit ize i nte g rat i n g n at u re i n si d e a s well a s b rea k in g th e b o u nd a r i e s t h at h ave b e e n e st a b l i sh ed d iv id in g inter ior a nd exte r i o r spa ce s, offe r i n g n at u ra l v iews, utilizin g sus t a ina b le pra ct i ce s, a n d e m b ra ci n g a b ioph ilic d esign a p pro a ch to b e n ef i t o u r m e nt a l h ea lth 9, 10 .

34

O u r d a i l y m o o d s a re i nf l u e n ce d by va r ious fa ctor s, s o m e of w h i ch we’re u n awa re of. H owever, m a ny a spect s of o u r live s, d i ct ate d by h ow ot h e r s d esign or liv in g spa ce s , a ls o a ffe ct o u r psych o l o g y. T h i s Fun d a m ent a l of psyc ho lo gy d ete r m i n e s s o m e of t h e h i d d en a spect s of d esign t hat have a b i g i m pa ct o n o u r m o o d , even th ough th ey go u nnot ic e d by m o st , su ch a s t h e i m po r t a n ce of stora ge, d es igning w i t h h i g h ce i l i n g s, o pe n pl a n s, a n d even th e imp o r t a nc e of cre at i n g d e si g n s t h at prom ote com m un it y eng a g e m e nt 2, 11, 12 .

PSYCHOLOGY. 35

AESTHETICS. Sight is a cr u ci a l s e n s e, a n d re s e a rch confir m s th at v i s u a lly a p p e a l i n g t h i n g s a n d pl a ce s in crea s e h a ppin ess.

T he d e b ate b et we e n pr i o r i t i zi n g a esth etic s or comfor t in d e s ign i s re s o l ve d t h ro u g h a u s e r- centered a pproa ch t hat va lu e s b ot h . W h i l e d ef i n i n g a e sth etic d esign c a n b e c ha lle ngin g d u e to pe r s o n a l t a ste, s om e r ules, such a s t ho u ghtf u l co l o u r u s a g e, avo i d i n g v isua l m on otony, a pp re c iat ing si m pl i ci t y, a n d a ch i evi n g b a la n ced propor tion s, c a n l e a d to vi su a l l y pl e a si n g d esign s 13, 14 .

36

Psyc ho l o g i c a l re s e a rch i n d i c ate s th at perceived cont ro l e nha n ce s co nte nt m e nt , eve n w h en a ctua l control re m a ins u n ch a n g e d . W h e n d e si g n i n g a ny b uild in g, it ’s c ru c ia l to e n su re u s e r s fe e l i n co nt rol of th eir im m ed iate e nv iro nme nt . I n m o b i l e h o m e s, t h i s aspect is even m ore s ignif ic a nt . Arch i te ct s fo cu s o n provi d in g us er s w ith cont ro l ove r t h e i r su r ro u n d i n g s by cre at i n g a d a pt a b le spa ces, d ive rs e e nvi ro n m e nt s, pr i va cy co n sid eration s 15, 16, 17.

CONTROL. 37

MOVEMENT +

Case Studies 38

WHEELLY FLIP KIOSK TRYCICLE HOUSE WALDEN TINY HOUSE MARKIES MDU ECOBITAT PORT-A-BACH SPIRIT SHELTER CASA OJALÁ

U po n rev iew in g va r io u s c as e stu d i es , a n um be r exa m ple s sto o d ou t for t he s i m i l i ar d yn a m ic m ove m e nts c re ated by t hei r str u c t ure s (c e nt ra l c o re exte n s i on, dy nam i c op enin gs, fo ld in g c o m po n e nts , and m ob i l e f u rn it ure ) . Th e pur po s e of t he anal ys i s on the Move m e nt + c as e s is to c r i ti c al l y exam i ne h ow t h e s e m ove m e nts inf l u enc e key as p ec ts of e ac h d e sign , e m ployin g the des i g n f u nd am e nta ls e sta blish h e d before.

ICON INDEX. TRANSPORTATION

DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS

METHODS:

INFLUENCED:

PERSON LI G H T

A ESTH ETI C S

C O M FORT

C ONTROL

N AT U R E

PSYC H OLOGY

BYCI CL E

CA R

T RCU K

H E L I CO PT E R

HISTORIC LINK:

QUALITIES: N O M A DI C T R I BES

MOVEMENT TYPOLOGY:

OTHER

OFF-GR I D

G IPSY WAG O NS

CE N T R A L C O R E EXTENTION

M A N N ING C OT TAGE

MOBILE FU R N I T U R E

T R AV E L T R A I LE RS

DY N A M I C OPENINS

SCI-FI A RC HI TECTU R E

FO L D I N G CO M P O N EN TS

S PAC E E X P E DITI OS

Fol l ow i ng eac h c as e stu d y anal ys i s , a c onc i s e c onc l u s i on s u m m ar i zi ng t he f i nd i ng s w i l l b e p rovi d ed .

Ad di ti onal l y, at t he top of t he pag e, a s et of i c ons w i l l b e p res ented. Refer to thi s i nd ex to u nd erstand the m eani ng of eac h i c on and effor t l es s l y c onnec t eac h c as e st u dy to a s p ec i f i c top i c .

39

THE WHEELLY.

2 .7m

1 .4 m 0.4m

[Fi gure 13] W heelly insid e a m u se u m , ZO -l of A rc h i te ctu re

Fri d

ge

40

T h e Wh ee l ly i ni ti ati ve by ZO -l of arch i te ctu re & d es i g n off i c e s er ves as a res p ons e to the hou s i ng def i c i t , b r i ng i ng awarenes s and an afford ab l e s hel ter s ol u t i on for t he hom el es s and u r ban nom ads .

Thi s p or tab l e s hel ter c ons i sts of a rol l i ng al u m i ni u m f ram e, l i g ht enou g h to b e t rans p or ted by hu m an hand, w i t h ex pand ab l e p ol yester res i n tents t hat ext r u de f rom t he m ai n c i rc u l ar str u c tu ral c ore, al l c onstr u c ted f rom rec yc l ed m ater i al s . By d ay, i t fa c i l i tates m ob i l i ty and storag e, w hi l e at ni g ht , i t transfor m s i nto a ref u g e, add res s i ng bas i c hu m an need s for s hel ter and p r i vac y. Thi s c onc ept add res s es t he c hal l enges of hom el es s nes s , re qu i r i ng no el ec t r i c i t y or batter i es and offer i ng a s i m p l e, nom ad i c l i fe sty l e s ol u ti on i n tod ay ’s c hal l eng i ng ec onom i c c l i m ate.

Central core extentions MOVEMENT TYPOLOGY

41

PSYCHOLOGY.

Encourage community focused design.

[ F i g u re 14 ] “C o m m un i t y ” S ketc h , ZO - l of A rc h i te ct ure D es i g ni ng c om m u ni ty- dr i ven spac es i s es s enti al for foster i ng a s ens e of p u r p os e and i d ent i t y, v i tal for p syc hol og i c al wel l - b ei ng .

The Wheel l y p roj ec t exem p l i f i es t hi s by add res s i ng hom el es s nes s n ot onl y w i t h s hel ter b u t by enc o u rag i ng c om m u ni t y c reat i on.

The s hel ters c an b e c onnec ted , fo r m i ng a p rotec ti ve envi ronm ent , battl i ng t he l onel i nes s often fac ed by t he hom el es s . By enab l i ng t he fo r m at i on of c onnec ti ons and n ei g hb ou rs w i t hi n the hom el es s c o m m u ni t y, Wheel l y p rovi d es an o p p or tu ni t y for s hared hu m an exper i enc es . Thi s c om m u nal as p ec t is t ransfor m ati ve, offer i ng p syc h ol og i c al s u p p or t to t hos e i n ext rem e s i tu at i ons , em p has i zi ng t he profou nd i m pac t t hat c om m u nit y- d r i ven d es i g n c an have on t he wel l - b ei ng of al l i nd i vi du al s .

1 2

MODULAR SYSTEM CONNECTS MULTIPLE WHEELLY’S

42

3

AESTHETICS. St rateg i c u s e of c ol ou r i n des i g n s i g ni f i c antl y i nf l u enc es hu m an em ot i ons and c an s hap e t he atm os p here of a s pac e. B u t t hi s s p ec i f i c p roj ec t har nes s es c ol ou r not onl y for aestheti c ap p eal b u t m ost l y for p rac t i c al s afet y c ons i d erat i ons .

P l ac ed i n dy nam i c u r ban envi ronm ents , the s hel ter u t i l i zes b r i g ht c ol ou rs to en hanc e vi s i b i l i t y and p revent ac c i dents . A n i ng eni ou s featu re i nc l u des ref l ec t i ve r i m s on the s i de panel s , ens u r i ng easy vi s i b i l i ty. P l u s , ad ver ti s ers c an s p ons or t he Wheel l y, featu r i ng l og os on t he s i d es to p otenti al l y offs et c onst r u c t i on c osts .

Use color in a toughtful way.

[ F i g u re 1 5 & 1 6 ] Ed i te d p i c t u re s of t h e W h e e l l y

43

REFLECTIVE RUBBER RIM

POLYESTER RESIN TENT

RUBBER FRAME

ALUMINIUM FRAME

PRESSED PAPER ROLLERS SPONSER INSULATED RUBBER DISC

44

Prioritise safety, privac and temperature

COMFORT.

CLOTH BAG 250L

E ns u r i ng t her m al c omfor t and p r i vac y are t wo m aj or as p ec ts affec t i ng c omfor t , The Wheel l y w i l l never ac hi eve the s am e l evel of c omfor t as a p rop er hom e, b u t i t’s sti l l wor th l ook i ng at s om e strateg i es u s ed here that tr y and i m p rove thes e qu al i ti es as m u c h as p os s i b l e.

D es p i te i ts tent- l i ke nat u re, ad vanc ed tec hnol og y and m ate r i al s ai m to enhanc e i nter nal tem p erat u re for c omfor t . The str u c tu ral c om p os i t i on i nc l u d es a m etal f ram e w i th st rateg i c al l y p l ac ed hol es for ob j ec t c ou p l i ng .

The t wo fol di ng p ol yester res i n tents , attac hed to t he f ram e, offer a p rotec ted and i nti m ate ref u g e. Thei r c i rc u l ar str u c tu res m ai ntai n s hap e, ex pandi ng t he i nter i or. Wi th vers ati l e c onf i g u rati ons , t he Wheel l y adapts for var i ou s u s es — hal f- op en, u p r i g ht for s eati ng , or f u l l y op ened for s l eep i ng .

[Fi gu re 17 ] P icture of th e Wh e e l l y b e i n g t ran sp o r te d The Whe e ly stand s o ut as a c o m pe llin g m o d e l of m ob i l e arc hi tec t u re, par ti c u l ar l y one th at leve rag e s exte r n a l m o bilit y to e n h a n c e a spe c if i c u s er wel l - b ei ng , offer i ng a s m ar t a pproach to addressin g h o m e le ssn e ss a n d im prov in g t he q u al i t y of l i fe for t hos e w i t hou t sh elte r. This c as e st ud y un d e rs c o re s t h e im po r ta n c e of u p hol di ng val u es l i ke p r i vac y and c o mfor t , reg ardle ss of a us e r ’s s o c ia l sit uat io n . Histo r i c al l y, i t d raws paral l el s to anc i ent n omadic trib es, shar in g a c o m m o n n e e d fo r sur v iva l w hi l e s eek i ng a c omfor tab l e envi ronm ent . More ove r, the us e of light we ight m ate r ia ls in t h e Wheel y ’s str u c tu re evokes hi stor i c a l conne ctions to blac k te nts in No r t h Af r ic a o r t h e ti p i s of N at i ve A m er i c an tr i b es .

45

FLIP KIOSK. 1.5

2 . 5m

1.5m [Fi gure 18] The Flip Kios k , M OTO e l asti c o

Fri d

ge

46

m

The Flip Kiosk, a c reati on by M OTO e l a s t i c o fo r Se o u l ’s D e s i gn Fo u n dat i o n in 201 3.

C rafted to s howc as e a u ni qu e f u s i on of fol d i ng c om p onents , u nvei l i ng a dy nam i c zi g zag g i ng for m that m ax i m i zes di s p l ay s pac e. P u r p os e- b u i l t for vers at i l i t y, t he k i os k i s an i d eal s ol u t i on for hosti ng events or fac i l i tati ng the s al e and p rom ot i on of des i g n p rod u c ts . N otab l y, i ts l i g ht wei g ht c onstr u c ti on enab l es effor tl es s m anoeu vr i ng by a s i ng l e p ers on, w hi l e a t hou g htf u l i nc l u s i on of a tow hi tc h extends i ts m ob i l i t y, al l ow i ng easy trans p or t by c ar t or c ar to di vers e l oc at i ons . B eyond a m ere str u c tu re, t he F l i p K i os k i s par t of a s er i es a k i os k that em b ody i nnovati on, offer i ng a s eam l es s b l end of f u nc ti onal i t y and aes thet i c ap p eal , p oi s ed to el evate the ex p er i enc e of s howc as i ng and eng agi ng w i t h d es i g n i n a var i et y of s etti ng s .

Folding components

MOVEMENT TYPOLOGY

47

AESTHETICS. COMFORT. Use tactile materials.

Avoid visual monotony.

Th e Flip Kiosk stand s o ut w it h its c a n d y-c o lo ure d , u ni q u el y text u red, and c u r i ou s l y sh a ped de sig n, p u rp os ef ully c rafte d to c a pt ivate atte nt ion. B eyond i ts vi s u al al l u re, t he k i osk exe mp lifie s the sign if ic a n c e of ae st h et ic f un d a m e ntal s and c omfor t i n retai l and exh i bi ti o n de sig n. Steering c le a r of v isua l m o n oto ny, it e m p l oys tac ti l e m ater i al s , s u c h as textured metal she ets, tra n sfo r m in g n ot o n ly its st r uc t ura l el em ents b u t al s o el evati ng i t to a s el l i n g p oint . In this fu s io n of fo r m a n d f un c t io n , t h e Flip K i os k b ec om es a d y nam i c tes ta m ent to the p owe r of tho ughtf ul d e sign in e n gagin g a n d ap p eal i ng to d i vers e au d i enc es .

48

[F igu re 1 9 ] F l i p Ki o sk O pe n , M OTO e l ast i c o While the Flip Kio sk m ay n ot s e r ve as a d we llin g or s hel ter, i ts i nc l u s i on i n my c as e studie s stems from i ts exc e pt io n a l m ove m e nt pote nt i al . B eyond i ts rol e i n retai l , I fores ee i ts uniqu e folding com po n e nts in spir in g d ive rs e a pplic ati ons i n m ob i l e arc hi tec tu re ac ros s s c ale s and fu nctions. Th e k io sk’s inve nt ive d e sign d raws i ns p i rat i on f rom Korean fol d i ng s c ree ns and p u nk ae st h et ic s, offe r in g a f re sh pe rspec t i ve on tradi ti onal room d i vi ders . I n c o ntemp lating its ad a pta bilit y a n d in n ovat ive fe at ures , the F l i p K i os k hi nts at a b roader rea lm of p ossib ilitie s fo r t h e f ut ure of d yn a m ic , m o bile str u c tu res .

49

TRYCICLE HOUSE.

2 .0 m

2 .6m

1 .4 m [Fi gure 20] Tr ycicle House o n th e m ove , PAO + PIDO

50

C rafted by Pe o p l e’s A rc h i te c t u re O ff i c e ( PAO ) + Pe o p l e’s I n du st r i a l D e s i gn O ff i c e ( P I D O ) , the Tr i cyc l e H o u s e em erg ed as a res p ons e to the 2 012 G et I t Lo u de r E x h i bit i o n. I n a C hi nes e c ontext w here p r i vate l and ow ners hi p i s ab s ent , thi s d wel l i ng envi s i ons a sy m b i ot i c , tem p orar y c onnec t i on b et ween p eop l e and t hei r oc c u p i ed s pac e. Fu nc t i oni ng as a m an- p owered vehi c l e, t he Tr i c yc l e H ou s e em b od i es affordab i l i ty, s u stai nab i l i t y, and ad aptab i l i t y. M oreover, i t ex p l ores fol ded p l asti c as a c onstr u c ti on m ethod , u t i l i zi ng C N C tec hnol og y to c u t , s c ore, and s hap e p ol y p ropy l ene s eam l es s l y.

Thi s u ni q u e m ater i al not onl y al l ows the st r u c t u re to u nfol d har m oni c al l y b u t extends to the i nter i or, fa c i l i tat i ng f l ex i b l e f u r ni tu re ar rang em ents t hat t rans for m the c onf i ned s pac e i nto dy nam i c and di vers e l i vi ng envi ronm ents .

Folding components

MOVEMENT TYPOLOGY

51

[Fi gure 21 ] Tr ycicle House , Inte ri o r 1

AESTHETICS. [ F i g u re 22] Tr yc i c l e H o use , I nte r i o r 2

Celebrate the Simple .

[Fi gure 23] Tr ycicle House , Inte ri o r Ul ti mate ly, this c as e st ud y pro m pts refl ec ti on on the e ss entia ls n e e d e d fo r h a ppin es s —challeng ing p e rc e pt io n s of spac e a n d po ss essions. While it may a ppe a r m o d e st to s o m e, e mb racing a simp le r, le ss m ate r ia list ic l i festyl e foste rs mindfu lne ss. A lt h o ugh in it ia ll y des i gne d to address ur ba n a n d s o c ia l c h a l l en ges , this p roje ct transfo r m s into a s o lut io n rath er t han a me re choi c e fo r m a ny. Th e d e si gn i ts e lf s er ve s as arch ite c t ura l in spirat io n , dem o n strating the p owe r of ac h iev in g m o re wi th l ess —a te stame nt to t h e pote nt ia l of m ini m a l i st liv ing and the p rofo un d im pac t it c a n h ave o n we ll-b e ing and s o c ieta l pe rspe c t ive s.

[ Figure 24 ] Tr yc i c l e H o use , I nte r i o r

52

DINNING /WORKING MODE

SLEEPING / RELAXING MODE

CONTROL.

SINK TRANSFORMATION INTO BATHTUB

Create Adaptable Spaces.

This c as e stu dy u n d e rs c o re s t h e sign if ic a n c e of p rovi d i ng d i vers e envi ronm ents even wi thin limited spaces. D e spite its c o m pac t size, t h e hou s e offers a vers at i l e rang e of fac i li ti es, inclu ding a sink , stove, bat ht ub, wate r ta n k , a n d transfor m ab l e f u r ni t u re. The d es i g n a l l ows s e amless conve rsio n f ro m a be d to a d in in g ta b l e, b enc h, and c ou nter top. N otab l y, th e collap sib le sink , stove, a n d bat ht ub f ur t h e r o pt imi ze s pac e, em p has i zi ng the i m p orta n ce of flexib ility an d ad a pta bilit y in c re at in g va r ie d and f u nc t i onal l i vi ng envi ronm ents wi thin confine d qu ar te rs. An s a ll of t h e s e t ra n sfo r m ati ons are p os s i b l e thanks to t he ap p l i c ations of folding and unfo ld in g m ove m e nts.

53

PSYCHOLOGY.

Encourage community focused design.

I n s ocially aware p roje c ts, pr io r it iz in g c o m m un it y-fo c u s ed d es i g ns i s p i votal , es p ec i al l y i n extreme situ ations. E n sur in g in d iv id ua ls fe e l c o n n ec ted to a c om m u ni t y b ec om es pa ra m ou nt . The Tricycle Ho us e, w it h its ad a pta ble st r uc t u re, exem p l i f i es t hi s ap p roac h. I t o pen s, expands, and con n e c ts to ot h e r h o us e s, fo ste r in g a c om m u nal l i vi ng ex p er i enc e.

The teams re sp onsib le fo r t h e t r ic yc le h o us e a ls o d eve lop ed the Tr i c yc l e G arden, a s m al l m o bi l e g arde n where g rass a n d ve geta ble s c a n be pla nted , j u st l i ke t he hou s e thi s g arden s c an b e joined tog et h e r to c re ate a la rge gre e n spac e that fosters t he c om m u ni ty c reated by the tricycle h o us e ow n e rs.

[Fi gure 25] C ommunit y of Tr yc i c l e H O u se ow n e r s

54

[Fi gu re 26] Tr ycicle H o u se , PAO + PIDO The Tricycle Hous e e m e rge s as a s o lut io n in d e n s el y p op u l ated C hi nes e c i ti es , offer i ng affordab le and su sta in a ble sin gle -fa m ily h o usin g. Transfor m i ng par k i ng l ots i nto l i veab l e space s at nig ht , it cha lle n ge s t rad it io n a l v iews. Ad d re s s i ng p syc hol og i c al need s , i t fosters a c ons ciou s commu n a l e nv iro n m e nt . Th e pro je c t’s revol u ti onar y u s e of p l ast i c c reates adaptab le, flexib le s pac e s, re m in is c e nt of w h e e le d wag ons f rom t he 1 8 t h and 1 9 t h c ent u r i es. In ess e nce, it ch a m pio n s a pe rs o n a l, sim plif ie d li fest y l e, forg i ng a u ni qu e c onnec ti on wi th u s e rs. The Tricyc le Ho us e e pito m ize s a sh ift towards m i nd f u l l i vi ng , s eam l es s l y i nte grat ing fu nctionality, ae st h et ic s, a n d a d e e pe r re lat ions hi p w i t h one’s d wel l i ng .

55

2 .5 m

WALDEN TINY HOUSE.

6.7m

2 .3m

[Fi gure 27 ] Tiny House by Wal d e n

Fri d

ge

56

C rafted by B u ro Wa l de n a n d a s s e mbl e d

by T i ny- H o u s e.n l, t hi s s m al l m ob i l e d wel l i ng , tai l ored to t he s p ec i fi c need s of N et her l and s T i ny H o u s e A mba s s a do r M a r j o l e i n J o n ke r, m ar ks a p i oneer i ng vent u re of t i ny hou s es i n s u stai nab l e l i vi ng . C om p l eted i n M ay 201 6, t hi s 1 7- s qu are- m eter d wel l i ng s eam l es s l y b l end s s u stai nab i l i t y w i t h a c ontem p orar y aes t heti c . Rested on a trai ler for m ob i l i t y, i ts c om pac t d i m ens i ons u rg ed a m u l ti -f u nc ti onal d es i g n.

Unl i ke t rad i t i onal d wel l i ng s , t he i nter i or of t hi s Ti ny H ou s e i s an i nteg ral par t of the overal l d es i g n, featu r i ng m ob i l e f u r ni t u re u ni ts that enhanc e f l ex i b i l i ty and c omfor t . Rem ar kab l y, i t ac hi eved statu s as the f i rst l eg al l y p l ac ed t i ny hou s e by a D u tc h m u ni c i pal i ty, em b ody i ng a p otenti al s hi ft toward s m ore s u stai nab l e l i vi ng .

B eyond i ts l eg al stand i ng , t he hou s e op erates ent i rel y off- g r i d, equ i p p ed w i t h system s t hat au ton om ou s l y p rovi d e es s ent i al am eni t i es .

Mobile furniture modules MOVEMENT TYPOLOGY

57

Improve storage spaces.

PSYCHOLOGY.

N DIN

Create adaptable spaces.

ING

CL

E OS

T

Th e Walden Tiny Ho us e m as ter ful l y integ rate s des ign f un da m entals roote d in p syc h o lo gy a n d c ontrol. Notab ly, the c o n c e pt of m o bile fu rnitu re module s e mpowers u s e rs with u np rec e d e nte d c ontro l ove r the ir liv ing e nv iro n m ent . Thes e modu les strate gic a ll y c raft adaptab le space s w it h in the c onfined area , en h a n c in g storage s olu tions and po sit ive ly i m pac ti ng the u s e r ’s expe r ie n c e.

58

L

AIR ST

N OU

GI

NG

S

CONTROL. Fo r in sta n c e, t h e lo u ng e s eam l es s l y transfor m s i nto a d in in g s et fo r fo ur, s howc as i ng the s pac e’s vers a t ilit y. Re c o gn iz in g the l i nk b et ween u nt i d i nes s and st re ss, Wa ld e n addres s es t hi s c onc er n, offer i ng a m ple sto rage s o lut i ons even i n u nex p ec ted s pac es like t h e sta ir way, e p i tom i zi ng how thou g htf u l des i g n c a n a llev iate psyc h ol og i c al stres s and am p l i f y happin e ss in t h e c o m pac t c onf i nes of a ti ny hou s e.

Break the Boundries Between Outside and Inside. [ Figure 28 , 2 9, 30, 31 , 32] Mo dul a r Fur n i t ure

NATURE. The ve rs atility of t h e s e m o d ule s, desig ne d to fu nctio n bot h in d o o rs a n d ou tdoors, dism a nt le s t h e c o n ventional b ou ndar ie s s e pa rat in g a rchitectu re from th e n at ura l surrou nding s. This inte grat io n fo ste rs a m o re p rofou nd conn e c t io n bet we e n the u s e r and the natura l wo r ld .

59

Use Rooflight.

Use Apropriate Window Sizes.

LIGHT. Wal d en’s Ti ny H ou s e exc el s i n d es i g n f u ndam ental s of l i g ht , s howc as i ng a m eti c u l ou s ap p roac h f rom t he i ns i d e ou t . The exter i or reveal s i ntenti onal i r reg u l ar i t i es i n w i nd ow s i zes , st rateg i c al l y p l ac ed to i l l u m i nate s p ec i f i c i n ter i or areas w i t h the r i g ht am ou nt of s u nl i g ht . The fou r s u b stanti al roof l i g hts f u r ther f l ood t he s pac e w i t h natu ral l i g ht , c reati ng a s ens e of s pac i ou s nes s and trans parenc y w i t hi n t he c om pac t c onf i nes . Thi s t hou g htf u l c ons i d erat i on of l i g ht not onl y enhanc es t he aesthet i c ap p eal b u t al s o am p l i f i es t he f u nct i onal i ty and c omfor t of the Ti ny H ou s e.

60

[Fi gu re 33] Tiny House by Wal d e n , Inte ri o r Walde n’s Tiny Hous e is a m o d e l t h at jo in s susta inab i l i ty w i th f l ex i b l e des i g n. The u s e of mob ile fu rnitu re m o d ule s n ot o n ly e n h a n c e s psyc h ol og i c al c ont rol over t he l i vi ng s pac e but als o influ e nces sto rage s o lut io n s, m in im iz in g c l u tter- i nd u c ed st res s . I ts del i b erate pl ay with irreg u lar w in d ow size s a n d t h e inf usio n of a b u ndant nat u ral l i g ht fosters a s ens e of op e nne ss transpare n c y. Th is pio n e e r in g c as e st ud y i n the N ether l ands al i g ns i n hi stor y wi th the Tiny Hou s e Move m e nt , a rat h e r m o d e r n glo bal i ni ti at i ve for s i m p l i f i ed l i vi ng , t hat l ook at the simp licity of t rave l t ra ile rs n o r m a lly us e d for weekend g ateways and m odi f y i ts desig n to su stain a f ull-t im e h o m e o n w h e e ls.

61

2 .5 m

MARKIES.

4 .4 m

2.2m

7.0 m

[Fi gure 34] M ar kies Op en , B ö htl i n g k

Fri d

ge

62

I n t he real m of p or tab l e b u i l di ng s , M a r k i e s takes c enter stag e as an i nnovat i ve c reat i on by a rc h i te c t Edu a rd B ö htl i n gk i n 19 8 5 . E m erg i ng vi c tor i ou s i n t he ‘ Tem p orar y L i vi ng ’ c om p et i t i on hosted by t he fou ndati on ‘ D e Fantas i e’ i n A l m ere, N ether l ands , t hi s m ob i l e hom e b ears a st r i k i ng res em b l anc e to a c aravan, tai l or- m ad e for p l eas ant c ou ntr ys i de g etaways .

I ts extendab l e aw ni ng s and f l oors m ake i t eas i l y trans p or ted by c ar s i nc e i t m eets al l road t rans p or t requ i rem ents , onl y to u n vei l a tr i p l ed f l oor s pac e u p on reac hi ng i ts destinati on. The c ore str u ctu re, m eas u r i ng 2 . 2m by 4 .4 m , hou s es es s ent i al f u nc ti ons l i ke the bathroom and k i tc hen. Wi t h extens i ons op en, t he hom e t ransfor m s , c reati ng l i vi ng and b edroom areas on eac h s i de. Rec og ni zed and awarded at the D es i g n P r i ze Rotterdam 1 9 9 6, M ar k i es stand s ou t for i ts f l ex i b l e s pac e des i g n, ac c om m odati ng var i ou s l ayou ts for u p to s i x p eop l e, and i ts overal l i nnovat i ve ap p roac h to hol i day m ob i l e l i vi ng .

Dynamic openings system MOVEMENT TYPOLOGY

63

NATURE.

Break the Boundries Between Outside and Inside The Ma r k ie s e n h a n c e s t h e c o n n e c ti on to natu re by enab l i ng m ovement in its c e nt ra l c o re exte n sio n s. Th e l i vi ng room aw ni ng s , i f stored i n the main c o re, d iss o lve ba r r ie rs bet ween i ns i d e and ou t , t ransfor m i ng the spac e into a n o pe n te r rac e. Th is t h ou g htf u l des i g n p rom otes a p ro fou nd c o n n e c t io n w it h n at ure. [ F i g u re 35 ] O pe n Te r r ac e , Ma r k i e s

64

Slee pi n g C onf i gurat io ns

C ooki n g C onf i gu rat io ns

Create Adaptable & Flexible Spaces

Lo un gi n g C onf i gu rat io ns

CONTROL. 65

[ Figure 36 ] Tr a n s pa re nt Aw n i n g , Ma r k i e s bui l ding de sig n, en h a n c in g i nter n a l day lig ht b e com e s pa ra m o unt . The Markie s int ro d uces a n i nnovative ap p roac h , w it h n o c o mmon windows in liv in g a n d sl eep ing are as, Inste ad , t h e m o del allows u s ers to cont ro l t h e a m o unt of day lig ht by s e le c t in g from variou s awning s w it h d ifferent fab ric transpare n c ie s, offer i n g a p e rs onalize d expe r ie n c e ra n gi n g from opaqu e to t ra n spa rent . Thi s is a way to e nsure s t h at both th e qu ality and qu a nt it y of l i ght c an b e tailore d, ac k n ow ledgi n g the vital connect io n be t ween hu man comfor t and n at ura l i l l um i n at ion.

LIGHT.

66

[F ig u re 37 ] Marki es , Inte r i o r In conclu sion, “D e Ma r k ie s” s e r ve s as a c o m pe llin g c as e st u dy, s howc as i ng hi stor i c al si gnific ance with its in n ovat ive 19 85 d e sign . Its e n d u r i ng i nf l u enc e on s u b s equ ent m od el s is evide nt . B eyon d its t im e, t h e m o d e l’s c re at ive a p p roac h i nf l u enc es f u nd am ental as pects, e nhancing u s e r expe r ie n c e by fo ste r in g a st ro ng er c onnec ti on w i th natu re, c u stom i za b le internal lig htin g, a n d ve rs at ile spat ia l layo uts. Thi s des i g n not onl y al i g ns w i th t he Am e ric an trave l traile r t re n d but a ls o re pre s e nts a c omfor ti ng b l end of for m and f u nc t i on, em body ing the sp irit of a we e ke n d fa m ily ret re at— a t i m el es s c onc ept i n m ob i l e l i vi ng .

67

MDU.

2 .35 m 2 .4m

1.1m

2 .4m

2.2m

12 .0 m

[Fi gure 38] M obile Dwelli n g Un i t, M DU, LOT-EK

Fri d

ge

68

I n 2 0 0 3 , LOT- E K u n vei l ed an p roj ec t s howc as ed at t h e U C SB A r t M u s e u m— an ex p l ora t i on of adapt i ve arc hi tect u re t hrou g h the trans for m at i on of a s hi p p i ng c ontai ner i nto a M o bi l e D we l l i n g Un i t ( M D U ).

Thi s revol u ti onar y des i g n i nc or p orates extr u d ed s u b -vol u m es w i t hi n t he c ontai ner ’s m etal wal l s , s er vi ng as f u nc t i onal s pac es for l i vi ng , wor ki ng , and storag e. D u r i ng t ravel , t hes e s u b -volu m es retrac t , s eam l es s l y i nter l oc k i ng to c omp l y w i t h g l obal s hi p p i ng stand ards . When i n u s e, t he M D U u nfol ds , reveali ng an u nob str u c ted i nter i or fab r i c ated f rom p l ywood and p l ast i c - c oated p l y wood . B eyond i ts no m ad i c or i g i ns , the M D U t rans c end s i ts p or tab l e es s enc e, offer i ng adaptab i l i ty for p er m anent res i denc y.

Central core extentions MOVEMENT TYPOLOGY

69

PSYCHOLOGY. 70

Go Open Plan.

Op en-pla n d e sign s offe r p sychologic a l be n ef its, c re ating a s e n s e of spac io usn e ss and foster in g s o c ia l c o n n e ctions, p osit ive ly im pac t in g me ntal we ll-be in g. Howeve r, issu e s like n o is e a n d pr ivac y re du ction c a n a r is e. Howeve r, the MDU ad d re ss e s c re at ively the op en f lo o r pla n . Its c e ntral core s e r ve s as sto rage space of t h e sub vo lum e s whe n retrac te d a n d ac ts as a circu latio n c o n n e c to r w h e n extru ded. D e spite its o pe n ne ss, b e c a us e e ac h f un c t io n is extru d e d o ut wa rd s a n d strate g ic a lly pa ire d w it h t h e most log ic a l f un c t io n in f ro nt (b edroom / bat h ro o m , off ic e/ liv ing roo m , k itc h e n /d in in g are a), the MD U m a inta in s t h e p sychologic a l be n ef its of a n op e n floor pla n w h ile e n suring non-physic a l bo un d a r ie s for p rivac y bet we e n f un ctions that sh o uld n’t be c o mmu nic atin g.

[ Figure 39 ] MD U, I nte r i o r

Sofa M odu l e

O ff ic e M o d u l e

K icth e n M odul e

D inning M o d u l e

Create Different Environments

B ed ro o m Mo d u l e

CONTROL.

Bat h room M odu l e

71

Adequ ate fre sh air and o pt im a l ro o m te m pe rat ure a re c r u c i al to c reate both a he althy and comfo r ta ble e nv iro n m e nt . O pe n in g w i ndows c onnec ts us di rectly to the ou tsid e, bo o st in g e n e rgy leve ls a n d e nhanc i ng m ental hea l th. The MDU exemp lif ie s t h is by in c o r po rat in g t wo ve nti l ati on system s .

The passive system u tilize s c ro ss ve nt ilat io n , be n ef it in g f rom t he sy m m etr i c a l l y positione d su b vo lum e s w it h in d iv id ua l o pe n in gs. Thi s natu ral ai rfl ow enhance s the e ntire d we llin g. Ad d it io n a lly, fo r eff ic i ent tem p eratu re c ontro l in smalle r spaces, t h e MD U e m ploys a box a ir c o nd i t i oner, d raw i ng i n wa r m air, cooling it thro ugh c o ils, a n d re le asin g t h e c o o l ed ai r, ens u r i ng a c omfor tab le room tempe rat ure.

NATURAL VENTILATION STRATEGY

72

COMFORT.

Provide a Good Supply of Fresh Air

[Fi gu re 40] MDU, M o d u l ar b u i l d i n g Ove rall, the MDU is a gre at exa m ple of h ow t h e m ovem ent of ext r u di ng vol u m es f rom a c entral core c an b e a n eff ic ie nt away of prov id in g the d wel l er not onl y ex panded l i vi ng space b u t als o a tho ughtf ully o rga n ize d a n d h e a lt h i er envi ronm ent w i t h am p l e f res h ai r a n d optimal room tem pe rat ure. Nota bly, t h is c as e stu d y ec hoes the vi s i onar y c onc epts of A rchig ram, par ticula r ly t h e P lug-In C it y. B ot h proj ec ts s hare a vi s i on for w i des p read ur ban adaptab ility, ut iliz in g ve r t ic a l po r ts a n d m ult i- l evel st r u c t u res t hat i nc or p orate al l types of facilitie s into t h e s e m o d ula r h o m e s t h at c an b e eas i l y attac hed to thi s ver ti c al gr i d. The MDU ’s inte grat io n of ve r t ic a l sto rage a n d inf rastr u c tu re al i g ns s eam l es s l y w i t h Arc hig ram’s for ward-t h in k in g id e as of ur ba n liv in g.

73

ECOBITAT.

2 .4m

12 .0 m

2 .6m [Fi gure 41 ] ECObitat, Feli p e C am p o l i n a

Fri d

ge

74

EC O bi t at, c reated

by B ra z i l i a n de s i gne r Fe l i p e C a mp o l i n a , or i g i nates f rom a s c al ab l e system bas ed on stand ard O S B p l ates , b ei ng f l ex i b l e and ad aptab l e for trans p or t .

Wi t h tel es c op i c l eg s ac c om m od at i ng var i ed top og rap hi es , i t p r i ori ti zes ec o-f r i end l y and rec yc l ab l e m ater i al s , ens u r i ng rap i d m anu fac t u r i ng of s pac e m od u l es .

B eyond ec ol og i c al s u s tai nab i l i t y, i t ad dres s es s oc i al c onc er ns b ei ng d es i g ned w i t h em erg enc y hou s i ng ty p ol og y i n m i nd . The one- b ed room hou s e, eas i l y trans p or tab l e, i nc or p orates a g reen wal l and m od u l ar g reen roofs , har m oni zi ng w i th i ts s u r rou nd i ng s . N otab l y, dy nam i c op eni ng s reveal t he i n novat i ve d es i g n as end wal l s d rop dow n, c re ati ng a ram p entr y and a b ed room - ad j ac ent ter rac e— a testam ent to i ts m u l ti f u nc ti onal and ad aptab l e des i g n.

Dynamic openings system MOVEMENT TYPOLOGY

75

Embrace biophilic

WIND TURBINE

solutions and sustainablbe practices.

Pro moting b iodive rsit y in bui l di n g de sig n is cru cia l fo r fo ster i ng he althier e cosys tem s, v ital for the p lanet’s pro per fu nctioning . ECO bitat strategi c ally incorp orate s s usta i n ab le me asu res a n d bi ophi l i c de sig n to e nha n c e both env ironme ntal and h um a n well-b eing . The mo d ul a r l ayo u t , with the b edro o m , bath ro om, kitchen, and liv in g a reas strateg ic ally arrange d , en sures optimal fu nct io na l i ty. Resting on te les co pic “l egs ,” the stru ctu re ada pts to di vers e te rrains wit h o ut s ur fac e leve lling . Solar pa nel s a n d a small wind tu r bin e o n the metal roof allow t h e bui l di n g to op erate ent ire ly off the grid. Exterior-mounted m o du lar b oxes, filled w it h vegetation, offer insu lat io n a n d pote ntial food p rod ucti o n . Whether integ rate d i nto n atu ral su rrou nd in gs o r fo r m ing par t of an u r ba n hous i n g tower, ECOb i tat’s bi ophi l i c me asu res cre ate hea l thi er ecosyste ms, c o ntr i buti n g to u s er we ll-b e in g, c a l m n ess, and addres sin g a i r pol l u tion in b u stling u r ba n envi ron me nts.

76

WATER STORAGE

SOALR PANELS

GREEN ROOFS

GREEN WALLS

GREEN ROOFS

STEEL FRAME STRUCTURE BA TH

RO

OM

BEDROOM + TERRACE KITCHEN + LIVING ROOM

NATURE. 77

PSYCHOLOGY.

[ Figure 4 2 ] Po r tab l e h o u si n g P ro j e ct D i agr a m

78

Encourage community focused design.

COMPACT MODE

EXTRUDING

TELESCOPE MODE

The s i g ni f i c anc e of d es i g ni ng c om m u ni t y-foc u s ed b u i l di ng s i s param ou nt for foster i ng s u s tai nab l e u r ban l i vi ng . The EC O b i tat des i g n team takes a g rou nd - b reak i ng ap p roac h by u s i ng t hei r m odu l ar u ni t , to rei m ag i ne t he c onc ept of s kys c rapers and ad dres s s pat i al c hal l eng es in dens el y p op u l ated areas . A p roj ec t t hey c al l ed “p or tab l e hou s i ng ” a tower m ad e f rom t he EC O b i tat m odu l es that has s m al l g rou nd p roj ec t i on fac i l i tati ng i m p l em entat i on i n u r ban c ent res , offer i ng a d y nam i c s ol u t i on to s pat i al org ani zat i on. Thi s d es i g n i nvol ves a m etal l i c str u ct u re w i th rai l s , p rovi d i ng s hel ter and m ob i l i ty for the m odu l ar u ni ts . The tower ’s f l oors ac c om m od ate s i x i nd ep endent u ni ts , ens u ri ng s eam l es s hor i zontal t ransfer vi a b u i l t- i n s l i de rai l s . The i dea i s for u s er to b e ab l e to i ns er t thei r m odu l es i nto t he tower b u t al s o to eas i l y t rans p or t t hem to another l oc ati on w i th eas e.

For thi s to hap p ened the m odi f i ed EC O b i tat m od u l e c an now take t wo d i fferent m odes a c om pac t m ode (1 7 m 2) read y to t rans p or t and a tel es c op e m ode read y to i nhab i t ( 32 m 2) .

Ver ti c al c i rc u l at i on i s fac i l i tated by a c om m on s haft w i t h l i ft and el evators .

Wi t h m ater i al s l i ke steel f ram i ng , O S B w i th i ns u l at i on, tem p ered g l as s , and a g reen roof, the Por tab l e H ou s i ng em b od i es s u s tai nab l e, ad aptab l e arc hitec t u re i deal for d ens e c i ty c ent res .

79

LIGHT. In th e ECOB ITAT mod ula r h o m e s, t h e st rate gic us e of natu ral l i g ht i s i nt r i g u i ng . To al i g n wi th s ustainab ility g oals , sign if ic a nt po r t io n s of t h e wa lls are ad or ned w i t h g reener y for i n s ul ati on. So to do this a n d st ill pr io r it ize n at ura l light , t he arc hi tec t i ntrod u c ed g l azed n a r row s ections wrap p in g t h e build in g f ro m f lo o r to c e ili ng . Thi s d es i g n c hoi c e not onl y i n c or porate s the conce pt of h igh w in d ows but a ls o e n sures fou r d i st i nc t m om ents of l i g ht , i l l um i n at ing key areas like t h e liv in g ro o m , k itc h e n , bat hroom , and b ed room , c reat i ng a ha r m o n iou s balance b et we e n susta in a bilit y a n d t h e we ll-l i t , vi tal s pac es w i thi n the hom e.

80

[Fi gu re 43] Por tab le h o u s i n g Pro j e ct The ECOb itat c as e st ud y e m e rge s as a ve nt ure in s u stai nab l e arc hi tec tu re, ep i tom i zi n g flexib ility, and ec o -c o n s c io us d e sign . O r igin at in g f rom a s c al ab l e system , i t em p ha si zes rap id manu fact ur in g usin g e c o -f r ie n d ly m ate r ia l s . B eyond ec ol og i c al s u stai nab i l i t y, i t address e s s ocial c o n c e r n s, e spe c ia lly in e m e rge nc y hou s i ng , and p rovi d i ng an ad apted tower that take s t h e m o d ule a n d c re ate s a la rge c om m u ni ty w i t h i t . The one- b ed room tra nsp or tab le hou s e, in c o r po rate s a gre e n wa ll a n d m od u l ar g reen roofs , har m oni zi ng w i th i ts su rrou nding s. Nota bly, its d e sign d raws in spirati on f rom revol u ti onar y arc hi tec tu re m ove me nts of the 19 50 s a n d 19 60 s, pa r t ic ula r ly t h e M etab ol i st g rou p and thei r N akag i n C a psu le Tower. The po r ta ble h o usin g towe r f ur t h e r exem p l i f i es t he m od u l ar ap p roac h, redefining skys crap ers fo r d e n s e ly po pulate d a re as. W i th a nod to hi stor y and a f u t u r i st i c outlook , ECOb itat sta n d s as a te sta m e nt to t h e us e of adaptab l e d es i g n p r i nc i p l es , har m o n i zing with natu re and c o m m un it y-fo c us e d liv in g.

81

PORT - A - BACHT.

2 . 35 m

2 .4m

6.0 6m

[Fi gure 44] Por t-A- B ach, Ate l i e r Wo rksh o p

Fri d

ge

82

I n 2 012 , Ate l i e r Wo r ks h o p i nt ro d u c ed t he Po r t-AB a c h p ro j e c t , a m ic ro- hom e fas hi oned f rom a s i ng l e c ontai ner, l i ke c om m on c arg o u ni ts . C rafted i n H ang zhou , C hi na , t hi s p rotot y p e, now a p er m anent ex hi b i t at t he P u ke A r i k i M u s e u m i n N ew P l y m ou t h, N ew Zeal and, exemp l i f i es a hom e c ateri ng to t wo ad u l ts and t wo c hi l d ren w i t hi n a c onf i ned yet c omfor tab l e s pac e. N otab l y, t he dwel l i ng s howc as es dy nam i c op eni ng system s , enab l i ng a l arg e s i dewal l to extend for an i m m ers i ve ou td oor ex p er ienc e and eff i c i entl y fol d bac k for trans p or t . C om p l em enti ng t hi s , the i nteg rat i on of m ob i l e f u r ni t u re m odu l es transfor m s and adapts , fac i l i tati ng d i vers e i nter i or envi ronm ents .

Dynamic openings system MOVEMENT TYPOLOGY

83

Go open Plan .

84

Design adptable spaces.

PSYCHOLOGY.

CONTROL.

The c as e stu dy addre ss e s d e sign f un d a m e nta ls of c o ntrol and p syc hol ogy. I ts i nterior, fe atu re a s e r ie s of m ov in g a n d f lexible c o mp onents . A rc hi tec ts i ntroduced a fab ric par tit io n syste m , e m powe r in g in h a bita nts to s hap e s m al l er room s within the op e n vo lum e. Th e f lexible inte r io r, f ull of m ovi ng par ts , i n fl uen c es control dy namic s. Tra n sfo r m in g a sle e pin g zo n e i nto a d i ni ng area , fo r i n stance, p rov ide s us e rs w it h e n h a n c e d c o nt ro l over t hei r envi ronm ent .

Psyc h olog ic ally, the op e n -pla n layo ut pro m ote s we ll-be i ng , w hi l e the opti on to s ea mle ssly divide the spac e offe rs pr ivac y— a te sta m e nt to the t hou g htf u l i ntegrat ion of de sig n p ri n c iple s t h at c ate r to bot h c o nt rol and p syc hol og i c al c omfo r t .

[F igu re 45] Po r t-A- B ac h , Si de V i ew, Bu n k B e ds The Por t-A-B ach re spo n d s to t h e f un d a m e nta l c o nnec ti on w i t h na ture by b lu rring the b o un d a r ie s bet we e n inte r io r a n d exter i or s pac es . A h i n g e syste m on one sid e pa n e l fac ilitate s t h e c re at i on of a dec k area , effor tlessly transition in g f ro m t h e d we llin g’s inte r io r to t he ou td oors .

Additionally, a c anvas s c re e n c a n be e m ploye d to f u r t her extend the i nterior space. More ove r, t h e o pe n in g of sid e d o o rs u nvei l s t wo b u nk beds, not only opti m iz in g t h e inte r io r but a ls o e stab l i s hi ng i nvi ti ng space s that b ridg e t h e t ra n sit io n f ro m in sid e to t h e s u r rou ndi ng envi ro n ment .

NATURE.

Break the Boundries Between Outside and Inside

Provide Views of Nature

85

[Fi gure 46] Por t-A- B ach , I nter io r

E n su ring amp le fresh a ir is c r uc ia l, e spe c ia lly in c o m pac t s pac es and wa r m er climates whe re effe c t ive ve nt ilat io n is v ita l fo r c o mfor t . The Por tA- Bac h c as e stu dy ade pt ly tac k le s t h is c h a lle n ge by h ar nes s i ng natu ral venti l ation with s ensitivit y. Po sit io n e d st rate gic a lly at b ot h end s of t he c onta i n er, g lazed op e nings a llow fo r c ro ss ve nt ilat io n . The g l azed d oors i n th e front , cou p le d wit h h igh w in d ows at t h e re a r, intens i f y the ai r f l ow when fu lly op e n. Notab ly, t h e s e w in d ows a re d e sign e d to par ti al l y op en at a n gl es , p rov iding p recis e c o nt ro l ove r t h e a ir f low inte n s i t y. Thi s i nteg rati o n sh owc as es the arch ite c ts’ m aste r y in e n h a n c in g t h e ai r f l ow dy nam i c s wi thi n the Por t-A-B ach, pro m ot in g a c o mfo r ta ble a n d ref res hi ng i nter i or envi ron me nt .

NATURAL VENTILATION

86

COMFORT.

Provide a Good Supply of Fresh Air

[Fi gu re 47 ] Por t-A- B ac h , Inte ri o r 2 Ove rall, The Por t-A-Bac h as a c as e st ud y ble n d s dy nam i c m ovem ent t y p ol og i es for a n enhance d liv ing expe r ie n c e. Th e inte grat io n of m ob i l e f u r ni t u re m odu l es and dy nami c op ening syste ms c re ate s a f lexible m ult if un c t io n a l s pac e. Thi s d u al i t y i nf l u enc es desi gn fu ndamentals, offe r in g e n h a n c e d c o nt ro l a n d ad aptab i l i t y w i thi n the l i m i ted s pac e.

Psycholog ic ally, the o pe n -pla n layo ut fo ste rs we ll-b ei ng , w hi l e the opti on to d i vi de t he space ensu res p rivac y. Th e t h o ughtf ul inte grat io n of nat u ral venti l at i on ad dres s es c om for t . Moreove r, the de sign blurs bo un d a r ie s bet we e n i nter i or and exter i or, estab l i s hi ng a h a r moniou s connect io n w it h n at ure.

87

SPIRIT SHELTER. 2 .4m

1. 5m

1.5m

1.7m

2 . 2m

2 .0 m [F igure 48] S pi ri t Shel ter, A l l e rgu te n din ge

Fri d

ge

88

C rafted d u r i ng t hei r stu d i es at t he B au hau s Uni vers i t y i n Wei m ar, M att h i a s P r u ge r, M a n u e l Ra u wo l f, a n d U l r i ke Wetze l c o n c e i ve d t h e Sp i r i t Sh e l te r as a m ob i l e haven for i nt ros p ec t i on and s el f- d i s c over y. As s em b l ed f rom f i b reg l as s - rei nforc ed p l asti c panel s , thi s c ompac t dwel l i ng , c reated by the tr i o now k now n as A ll erg u tendi ng e, c apt u res the es s enc e of t he A rc a di an dream — l i vi ng i n harm ony w i t h nat u re. I ts vers ati l e des i g n al l ows easy di s as s em b l y and t rans p or t to r u ral l and s c ap es , offer i ng a s ec l u ded ret reat .

The S p i r i t S hel ter w i t h i ts dy nam i c op eni ng system s al l ows for the s hel ter to p rovi de t ransfor m ati ve feat u res , i nc l u di ng a fol d i ng f ront wal l for a dec k , a roof that op ens to t he s ky, and c l ever l y i nteg rated storag e ni c hes . Thi s m ed i tat i ve s pac e, c l ad i n u nf i ni s hed t i m b er, ec hoes the Eu rop ean d es i re for a tranqu i l es c ap e.

Dynamic openings system MOVEMENT TYPOLOGY

89

NG

L1

S

L2

WO

90

RK

IN

G

E LE

PIN

G

Create High Ceilings

EN

NI

Play with different levels

CH KIT

IN /D

Th e S p i r i t S hel ter c l ever l y u ti l i zes t h re e d i st i nc t l evel s to c reate t he i l l u s i on of a m at u re hou s e w i thi n i ts c om pac t spac e. A l thou g h not tradi ti onal f l oors , t h e s e ver t i c al di vi s i ons d ef i ne s p ec i f i c f un c t io ns , transfor m i ng the s m al l s helte r into di sti nc t room s . Unc om m on i n c o m pac t d wel l i ng s , t he d es i g n i nc orpo rate s hi g h c ei l i ng s , foster i ng a s ens e of f re e d om and hap p i nes s . The i r reg ula r level s s hap e the g rou nd f l oor, feat ur in g an i nteg rated k i tc hen- di ner w i th spac e -s avi ng s ol u t i ons , at a m i d - l evel i s t h e sle ep i ng area w i th a d ou b l e b ed and 1º leve l ab ove the k i tc hen i s t he wor kin g/off ic e s pac e.

PSYCHOLOGY.

L0

USE TACTILE MATERIALS [Fi gu re 49 ] S p ir it S he l te r, Inte ri o r

The Sp irit She l ter excels in crafting a s e ns or y-rich envi ronment throu gh th e u s e of tactile m ate rials. While its exterior featu res fibreglass-reinforced pl astic, the inte rio r em braces the tactile a l l u re of u nworked ti m b e r, offering a c o sy and ru stic am bi a nce. This choic e n ot only p res ents a m ore affordab le opti on b u t als o accentuates the natu ral beau ty of the timb e r, c reating a harmon i ou s transition b et ween the shelte r ’s i nterior and the su rro unding natu ral envi ronment .

COMFORT.

Roof Hatch

[ Fig u re 5 0 ] S pi r i t S he l te r, I nte r i o r Ki tc h e n

91

Break the Boundries Between Outside and Inside

FRONT OF THE BUILDING

NATURE.

BACK OF THE BUILDING

92

The S p i r i t S hel ter ’s dy nam i c op eni ng sys tem s red ef i ne b ou nd ar i es , t rans i ti oni ng f rom f u l l y c l os ed for en hanc ed p r i vac y to f u l l y op en, w here wal l s drop to for m a ter rac e. The s ky w i nd ow transfor m s i nto a pas s ag e to a s c eni c resti ng s p ot over the b u i l di ng . Even i n the off i c e s pac e, d y nam i c op eni ng s u nvei l extended nat u ral vi ews , fosteri ng an i nvi t i ng and u nex p ec ted envi ronm ent .

Thes e t ransfor m at i ve feat u res not onl y fac i l i tate di vers e ac ti vi t i es w i thi n the hom e b u t al s o s eam l es s l y i nteg rate the i nter i or w i t h the s u r rou nd i ng natu re, offer i ng an i m m ers i ve ex p er i enc e t hat t ran s c ends c onvent i onal s pat i al l i m i tati ons .

Provide Views of Nature.

[Fi gu re 51 ] S p ir it S he l te r, B ac k V i ew D esp ite its transpo r t c h a lle n ge s, t h e S pir it S h e lte r stand s ou t i n u ni q u enes s , s howc as i n g a b le nd of archi te c t ura l f un d a m e nta ls a n d c re at i ve d es i g n featu res . I t adept l y c onn ects u s ers to the ir sur ro un d in gs t h ro ugh its t h o ughtf u l str u c tu re and the u s e of natu ral m ate rials, estab lishin g a profo un d psyc h o lo gic a l bo n d . B eyond i ts m odest s i ze, t he s hel ter em ploys space layout te c h n iq ue s t ypic a lly re s e r ve d for l arg er st r u c t u res , offer i ng t he i l l u si on of expansive spac e a n d d ive rs e e nv iro n m e nts. H i stor i c al l y l i nked to t he ear l y d ays of prefab ric ate d b u ildin gs, a k in to t h e Ma n n in g C ottage, the S p i r i t S hel ter exem p l i f i es adapta bi lity, demou nt ab il it y, a n d t h e sk ill to s e a m le ssly integ rate i nto rem ote l oc ati ons .

93

CASA OJALÁ.

5 .0 m

2 .4m 6. 2m

[Fi gure 52] C asa Ojalá , B e at ri c e B o n zan i g o

Fri d

ge

94

T h e C a s a O j a l á , patented as “ Res i denti al b u i l d i ng w i th hi g h f l ex i b i l i ty ” des i g ned by a rc h ite c t B e at r i c e B o n z a n i go .

E m erg ed f rom j ou r neys throu g h the vast A nd ean l and s c ap es , em b odi es a b l end of l u xu r y c omfor t and ad aptab i l i t y to natu re.

I ts bas i c l ayou t c om p r i s es t wo b ed room s , a ter rac e, a k i tc henette, a l i vi ng room , and a bat hroom w i th a s u nken toi l et . Fu nc ti oni ng ent i rel y off- g r i d , i t u t i l i zes rai nwater c ol l ec ti on, a s epti c tank , and p hotovoltai c panel s . Ref l ec t i ng t he s p i r i t of a s ai l b oat j ou rney, C as a O j al á’s m anu al m ec hani c al system , w i th rop es , p u l l eys , and c ranks , enhanc es the g u est’s c onnec t i on w i th t he envi ron m ent . P res ented at M il an D es i g n Week i n 201 9, C as a O j al á has evol ved i nto f u l l - s c al e p rodu c ti on.

I t dem onstrates f u r t her m ovem ent i n i ts f u r ni t u re u ni ts that al l s eem to have the opti on to b e f u l l y p res ent i n the s pac e or hi dd en away u nder neath t he f l oor to m ake room for other ac ti vi t i es to take p l ac e.

Mobile Furniture units MOVEMENT TYPOLOGY

95

Celebrate the Simple.

AESTHETICS.

96

C el eb rat i ng simp l i c i t y i n des i g n i s vi tal . A m ong st a wor l d c ons u m ed by m ater i al ob s es s i on, t he J apanes e p hi l os op hy of wab i - s ab i i ns p i res c ontent m ent i n ap p rec i at i ng l i fe’s m odest and hu m b l e as p ec ts .

C as a O j al á ec hoes thi s s enti m ent , offeri ng s u stai nab l e, m i ni m al i st l i vi ng that m i ni m i zes p hys i c al c l u tter w hi l e i nteresti ng l y al s o c onvey i ng l u xu r y. Wi t h a c om pac t foot p r i nt , hi g h c ei li ng s , and a s pac i ou s ter rac e, i t p r i or i ti zes a new c omfor t , steeri ng away f rom exc es s .

I t m oti vates u s ers to em b rac e m i ndf u l nes s , enc ou rag i ng them to d o m ore w i th l es s , foster i ng a p rofou nd c onnec ti on w i th thei r s u r rou nd i ng s — a tes tam ent to the b eau t y fou nd i n the s i m p l i c i t y of l i fe.

[Fi gu re 53 & 54] C as a O j al á Inte ri o r s

Provide Views of Nature.

NATURE.

Ac c es s to nat u ral vi ews i s vi tal for hu m an heal t h, i m pac ti ng wel l - b ei ng and m ental bal anc e. The d e s i g n fosters t hi s c onnec ti on by p rovi di ng u ni nterr u pted 36 0 º natu ral vi ews .

From t he m ai n d ec k to the s u n d ec k on top, t he des i g n ens u res a s eam l es s i nteg rat i on w i th the s u rrou nd i ng l and s c ap e. The hom e trans c ends tradi ti onal arc hi tec t u ral c onst rai nts , transfor m i ng i nto a dy nam i c ex p er i enc e. “ The b ou ndar y b et ween i nner and ou ter s pac e no l ong er ex i sts . O u td oor i s a s u b stant i al , f u nd am ental and p rec i ou s par t of i t . ” - I B St u di o

97

PSYCHOLOGY. Go Open Plan.

Des i gning flexible s pac es that p rov ide a ra n ge of diffe re nt e nviron m ents i s key to emp oweri n g us ers, g ranting contro l over the ir env ironme nt .

The bui lding pays ohmag e to i ts pate nted name “Resi de ntial b u ilding wit h hi gh flexib ility ”—u s ers effor tl essly tailor spaces, s ea m l essly transition i n g bet we e n s eparation , m ergi n g , or fu ll op e nne ss.

The c ontinu ou s transform ati on of its space, facilitated by sliding walls mad e from fa bric and wood and fl o or h atches, show how i m pac tful c an b e to desig n a s pac e that c an b e u s e d ful l y as an op e n e nvironm ent rep u rp os ed for a s er i es of diffe re nt activitie s to a fun ctioning home wit h di vi si on s that still honour the qualities of p rivacy bet ween different u s ers.

I n gen i ou s s olu tions like Wo od- Skin Me sh She ets en a bl e smooth move me nt , offer i n g ap p roximately t wenty cu stomizab le o pti o n s.

CONTROL.

Create a Range of Environments.

DEVIDED ROOMS

98

OPEN PLAN CONFIGURATION

[Fi gu re 55] C asa Ojal á , Fu l l y O p e n , O c e anfro nt Cas a Ojalá emerge s as a c o m pe llin g c as e st ud y, sy m b ol i s i ng a har m oni ou s b l end of i ntric ate mechanic al e n gin e e r in g a n d m in im a list ae sthet i c s . I ts off- g r i d f u nc t i onal i ty and c o mmitme nt to env iro n m e nta l inte grat io n re d ef in e c ontem p orar y l i vi ng . P r i or i t i zi ng f l ex i bi l i t y and adaptab ilit y, it d raws h isto r ic a l pa ra lle ls w i th the y u r t , em p l oy i ng a c i rc u l ar d esi gn that optimally orga n ize s spac e s in c lo c kw is e c ircu l ar m atter. Thi s ex p l orati on u nvei l s C as a Ojalá’s maste r y in ac h iev in g a sm a r t , f un c t io n a l , and envi ronm ental l y c ons c i ou s de si gn.

99

AURA XS MOBILE. 7.0 m

2 .5 m

[F igure 56] AUR A XS Mo bl e , par ke d i n C am p Si te

Fri d

ge

100

The AUR A H o me s , w hi c h stands for Ad aptab l e Uni ts w i th Res i zab l e A rc hi tec tu re, i s a m odu l ar hou s i ng system c reated as a m aster ’s thes i s p roj ec t by M a r t a C a r va l h o at D e l ft U n i ve r s i t y of Te c hn o l o gy i n 2 024 . Thi s p roj ec t i s d es i g ned for i ndi vi du al s s eek i ng adaptab l e, c u stom i zab l e, and s u s tai nab l e l i vi ng s ol u ti ons .

I t ad dres s es t he hou s i ng c hal l eng es fac ed by t he you ng er g enerati on by offer i ng a f l ex i b l e pat hway to p rop er t y ow ners hi p, m ovi ng away f rom t he c yc l e of rent i ng over p r i c ed p rop ert i es . AUR A H om es enc ou rag es i nvest m ent i n u nd erval u ed l and, p res enti ng an afford ab l e and s c al ab l e al ter nati ve to tradi ti onal hou s i ng . Var i ou s m odu l es c an b e c reated u s i ng the AUR A system , i nc l u di ng t he AUR A XS M ob i l e, a f u l l y off- g r i d vers i on des i g ned for a nom ad i c l i fe st y l e.

& Mobile furniture

Dynamic Openings

MOVEMENT TYPOLOGY

101

NATURE. BALCONY MODE

JUST BOX MODE

BOX WORK MODE

DINNING OUTSIDE MODE

Break the Boundries Between Outside and Inside.

E xternally, dy namic o pe n in gs w it h pe r fo rate d pa n e ls enab l e t he attac hm ent of var i ou s fi xtures. This rang e s from usin g t h e pa n e ls to h a n g c lot h es for dr y i ng , attac hi ng s u p p or ts fo r bi kes, b oards, and p lants, to c re at in g a n exte r io r wo r ks pac e or di ni ng tab l e, enc ou rag i n g us ers to b ring activitie s o utsid e a n d m a ke t h e m o st of t hei r s u r rou ndi ng s . The panel s a re des ig ned to fold and unfo ld in a way t h at c re ate s t wo d i st i nc t envi ronm ents . O ne c on fi gurati on offe rs a p rivate, box-like spac e t h at f ra m e s t h e vi ew and p rovi des s hel ter f rom n ei ghbors, ideal for c ampsite s. Th e ot h e r c o nf igurat io n al l ows for c om p l ete op ennes s , fo ster i ng a s ens e of com m un it y. Th is d e sign e n a ble s us e rs to effor tl es s l y c hoos e b et ween pr i vac y and s ocial interac t io n .

102

AESTHETICS. Celebrate the simplicity I t’s i m p or tant to rec ogni ze t hat l i vi ng f u l l - t i m e i n a t i ny hom e i s f u nd am ental l y d i fferent f rom l i vi ng i n a trad i t i onal , f i xed, nor m al - s i zed hou s e. Thos e w ho c hoos e t hi s l i fest y l e m u st f u l l y em b rac e a m i nds et that l eaves no room for c l u tter. The key m otto for b oth the u s ers and t he d es i g n of t he i nter i or s pac es i s s i m p l i c i t y.

Thi s i s n’t j u st ab ou t doi ng m ore w i t h l es s ; s om eti m es , i t’s ab ou t s i m p l y d oi ng l es s .

Whi l e the i nter i ors of AUR A H om es are i ntr i c atel y d es i g ned to c reate vers ati l e s pac es , m any featu res fo c u s on enab l i ng u s ers to t ransfor m t he s pac e ac c ordi ng to t hei r p references . Thi s ap p roac h m ai ntai ns s i m p l i c i t y w hi l e al l ow i ng for i nd i vi du al p ers onal i ty.

103

Improve storage spaces.

C

S LO

PSYCHOLOGY.

Create adaptable spaces.

ED

N DIN

S

R WO

KIN

The desig n of all AU R A m o dul es emp hasizes move m e nt to en h a n c e ove rall space q ua lit y, pa r ti c ul arly in tiny home s. Inte rn a l l y, vers atile moving f ur n it ure a l l ows u s ers to u tilize a sin gle s pac e i n mu ltip le ways, effe c t ive ly c reati n g a rang e of adapta ble e nvi ro n m e nts. U s e rs c an tra n sfo r m the m ul tifu nctional fu rnit ure m o dul e i nto a working are a by o pe n i n g both the tab le and the c o uc h ,

104

R TO

AG

ING

E

G

CONTROL. o r c re ate a lo un gin g area by havi ng j u st the c ou c h o pe n . Th e ta ble c an s er ve as a d i ni ng s pac e for t h re e pe o ple o r be fo l ded away to p rovi d e a p l atfor m fo r ac t iv it ie s like yog a . Ad di ti onal l y, rec og ni zi ng the im po r ta n c e of sto rag e for p syc hol og i c al wel l - b ei ng , t h e m o d ule in c o r porates am p l e hi dd en storag e to m a xim ize f un c t io n a l i ty and m ai ntai n a c l u tter-f ree e nv iro n m e nt .

NATURAL VENTILATION GF

Provide a Good Supply of fresh Air.

NATURAL VENTILATION 1º F

COMFORT.

AU RA homes are built w it h h igh ly in sulate d st r uc tu ral el em ents to ad apt to va r iou s climates, e ss e nt ia l fo r t h e ir re lo c ata bilit y. The des i g n m i ni m i zes heat ga i ns and loss e s an d in c lud e s a st ro n g n at ura l ve nti l ati on st rateg y. G rou nd fl oor windows are strate gic a lly plac e d fo r d ire c t c ro s s venti l ati on t hrou g h the m a in space. To e nsu re pro pe r a ir exc h a n ge a ro un d t he b ed p l atfor m , a w i ndow n ext to the b ed pairs w it h o n e o n t h e o ppo site sid e to c reate effec t i ve drafts .

105

Use Apropriate Window Sizes.

LIGHT.

AURA home s re cog nize t h e im po r ta n c e of st rate gic a lly p os i ti oned op eni ng s to enhanc e l i ghti n g qu ality, eve n in a t iny spac e. Th e gro un d f lo o r feat u res three w i ndows p l ac ed i n di fferent directions to ensure go o d light in g t h ro ugh o ut t he d ay. To p revent t he b ed p l atfo r m from fe e ling cramp e d a n d un c o mfo r ta ble, a la rge pa n oram i c w i nd ow i s p os i t i oned on the top f loor rig ht next to t h e be d .

106

[F igu re 57 ] AUR A XS m o b i l e par ke d i n a n at r u al re se ar ve in Aust r ia AU RA Home s, a m o d ula r h o usin g syste m t h at re d ef i nes m ob i l e l i vi ng by add res s i ng key issu e s s een in trad it io n a l t ra ile r h o m e s, suc h as l ac k of p r i vac y and p oor s pac e org an i zation. With adapta ble, susta in a ble d e sign s a n d d ynam i c u s e of s pac e, AUR A H om es offer ve rs atile liv ing env iro n m e nts, e m ph asiz in g sim plic i t y, f u nc t i onal i ty, and p syc hol og i c al wel l-b eing . Strate g ic a lly plac e d o pe n in gs e n sure prop er vent i l at i on and l i g ht i ng , enhanci n g comfor t . This p ro je c t c o n n e c ts to t h e h isto r y of mob i l e hom es , tac k l i ng l ong stand i ng i ssu es in traile r hom e s a n d t ra ile r pa r ks.

107

CASA TRANSPORTABLE ÁPH80 ECO CAPSULE

108

LIVING +

Case Studies

KOLELIBA MODELS

W h ile t h e pr i m ar y foc u s of thi s anal ys i s re vo lve s a ro un d t he d es i g n as p ec ts of m ob i l e h o m e s, a im in g to enhanc e thei r d es i g n for the prov isio n of a h eal thy l i vi ng envi ronm ent , i t exte n d s beyo n d . As thi s res earc h for m s t he fou nd at io n fo r my des i g n p roj ec t , i t nec es s i tated an explo rat io n of t he m ore p rac ti c al di m ens i ons ass o c iate d w it h t hes e res i d enc es . S p ec i f i c al l y, t h is in c lud e s a n i nvesti g ati on i nto the trans p ortat io n a n d site i ns er t i on p roc es s es for var i ou s t ype s of m o bile b u i l di ng s , the p rovi s i on of es s e nt ia l a m e n it i es , and the di vers e st r u c t u ral st rate gie s a n d m ater i al s c om m onl y em p l oyed in t h e ir c o n st r u c t i on.

To un d e r ta ki ng a m ore p rac ti c al anal ys i s , I h ave c h o s e n to exam i ne t hree di sti nc t c as e st ud ie s, e ac h ex hi b i ti ng var i ati ons i n m ater i alit y, build in g t yp e, and s el f- s u stai nab l e c apab i lit ie s. Th e s e c as es i nc l u de an exam p l e ent i rel y off-gr id , re lyin g s ol el y on nat u ral res ou rc es , a hybr id m o d e l, a nd one t hat nec es s i tates c on n e c t io n to m un i c i pal l y p rovi d ed am eni ti es .

STRUCTURE. A na lyze t h e st r u ct u ra l st rate g i e s, e l e m ent s, a n d m ater ia l c ho ic e s e m pl oye d i n t h e pre s e nte d c a s e stud ies, un ravel ing t h e i r a rch i te ct u ra l si g n i f i c a n ce a n d im pa ct .

UTILITIES. Inve st i g ate t h e u t i l i t y st rate g i e s in sh owc a s ed c a s e st u d ie s , d i ss e ct i n g t h e te ch n i qu e s a pplied to fur n ish re s id e nce s wi t h e ss e nt i a l a m e n i t i e s , revea lin g in n ovative s o l u t i o n s.

MOBILITY. E xa mine m o b i l i t y a spe ct s i n t h e fe atured c a s e stud ies, b u ild ing t ra n spo r t at i o n m et h o d s a n d site prepa ration d et a ils, reve a l i n g key co n si d e rat i on s in con str uction l o g i st i c s.

109

ECOCAPSULE. 7.0 m

2 .5 m

2 . 2m

4.6m

D es i g ned by N i c e A rc hitec ts and u nvei l ed at the P i oneers Fest i val i n V i enna , the Ec oc ap s u l e i s a s m ar t , s el f- s u stai nab l e m i c ro- u ni t .

I ts s p her i c al s hap e m ax im i zes rai nwater c ol l ec t i on and m i ni m i zes energ y l os s .

H ar nes s i ng s ol ar and w i nd energ y, thi s m i c ro- hom e enab l es l u xu r i ou s l i vi ng i n rem ote, i nf rastr u c tu re-f ree l oc at i ons , har m oni zi ng c u tti ng - ed g e tec hnol og y w i th ec ol og i c al s u stai nab i l i t y.

[ Figure 5 8] Ec o c a ps ul e , Ni c e A rc h i te ct s

Fri d

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110

Off -Grid Smart Unit LIVING TYPOLOGY

111

STRUCTURE & LAYOUT. SOLAR CELLS

DOUBLE GLAZED WINDOWS

HONEYCOMB WOOD VENEER

STEEL FRAME

[Fi gure 59 & 60] Ecoc a p s u l e , i nte ri o r s

The Ecoc ap su le has a ro bust st r ucture wi th a ste e l frame, f ibre glass sh e ll, a n d i n su lating foam, m a inta in in g a l i ght weig ht p rofile at 1570 kg. Its inter i o rs featu re lig ht we ig ht h o n eyc o m b pa n el s with a wood ve ne e r f in ish , provi di n g both du rab ility and a n inv it in g atm osphere. Fu rnished wit h a d e sk , c a bi n ets , racks, folding b ed w it h m att re ss, k i tc hen ette c ab inets, a n d baggage sto rage, the c ap su le opt im ize s its c o m pac t space. Notab ly, b ot h t h e inte r io r a n d exte rior are cu stomiza ble, a llow in g us ers to choos e layou ts, m ate r ia ls, a n d c o l ours that su it their p refe re n c e s.

112

INSULATING FOAM

FIBREGLASS

ENERGY WATER

UTILITIES.

[ F i g u re 6 1 ] Ec oc a p s u l e, D i agra m s

113

UTILITIES. ENERGY. ENERGY SOURCES

+ WIND

SUN Natural Resources

Fuel ENERGY PRODUCTION SYSTEM

Power output capacity

SOLAR PANNELS

WIND TURBINE

(880W)

(750W) Energy stored

HEATING + VENTILATION SYSTEM

3 SET BATTERIES Storage Capacity

The Ec oc ap s u l e stands as exemp l ar of off- g r i d l i vi ng , eq u i p p ed w i th a c u tt i ng - edg e energ y p rod u c t i on system t hat ens u res i ndep end enc e i n e nvi ronm ents rang i ng f rom -1 5 º C to 40 º C tem p eratu res . Thi s s m ar t hab i tat i nteg rates ever yd ay am eni ti es i nto a hi g h- tec h f ram ewor k , featu r i ng stan d ard k i tc hen ap p l i anc es , s m ar t hom e s ens ors , d ata net wor k c onnec ti vi t y, 24 V L E D l i g hts , and a s p ec i al i zed, e nerg y- eff i c i ent H VAC u ni t for b oth cool i ng and heat i ng . O p erati ng enti rely off- g r i d , the Ec oc ap s u l e tap s i nto su stai nab l e energ y t hrou g h hi g h- eff ici enc y s ol ar panel s on t he roof and a low- noi s e w i nd tu r b i ne on a tel es c op i c p ol e. Thi s d u al - energ y ap p roac h g u ara ntees c onti nu ou s p ower g enerati on, d ay and ni g ht . The energ y har vested f rom t hes e s ou rc es i s stored i n a rob u st 3- s et batter y system w i th a 9.7 kWh c apac i ty, p rovi di ng a rel i ab l e p ower s u p p l y for at l east fou r days , even i n the ab s enc e of w i nd or s ol ar e nerg y. The c reators of t he Ec oc ap su l e have ac c ou nted for d i vers e g eo g rap hi c al l oc ati ons , offer i ng the f l ex ib i l i ty to u p g rad e to a hi g her- c apac i ty batter y pac k to m eet s p ec i f i c energ y n eeds .

(9.7Kwh)

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

Powers

DATA NETWORK CONNECTION Ecocapsule’s Systems

114

CONTROL SYSTEM + INTERNET

UTILITIES. WATER. WATER SOURCES

+

+ RAIN WATER

RIVER & STREAMS

OTHER FACILITIES

Water collected is stored

HARVESTED WATER TANK Water is cleaned and filtered

Moved to

CLEAN WATER TANK Distributes the clean water ready to use for showering dishwashing and drinking.

Rai nwater, har vested throu g h a roof drai n, s er ves as the p r i m ar y s u p p l y, w i th ad di ti onal s ou rc es i n c l u d i ng st ream s , r i vers , or c am p s i te c onnec t i ons . B eneat h the str u c t u re, fou r tanks p l ay vi tal rol es : t he har vested water tank u nderg oes p u r i f i c at i on w i th UV l am p s and f i lters , m ak i ng i t p otab l e. The c l ean water tank stores t he treated water.

Post- u s e, water i s d i rec ted to t he g rey water tank , c l eans ed by bac ter i a , and s afel y retu r ned to natu re.

N otab l y, t he Ec oc ap s u l e em p l oys water l es s c om p ost toi l ets , u ti l i zi ng a venti l ati on system to el i m i nate s m el l and effec t i vel y s eparate l i q u i d f rom s ol i d waste. Then a b l ac k water tank , l oc ated b eneath the toi l et , t reats l i qu i d waste throu g h bac ter i al p roc es s es b efore envi ronm ental l y d i s p os i ng of t hem .

WATERLESS TOILET Liquid and Solid waste discharged in the toilet is seperated.

MOVED TO

After being used for

BLACK WATER TANK Where the waste is later composted and

Drinkinng & Washing

GREY WATER TANK Where the used water is cleaned by bacteria and disposed to nature.

DISCHARGED INTO NATURE

115

MOBILITY. [Fi gure 62] Eco c a psul e, Leve lin g le g s

LEVELING LEGS [Fi gure 63] Eco c a psul e, M etal H o o cks

HELICOPTER HOOCKS

The Ec oc ap s u l e offers t wo m od es of m ob i l i t y. I n s hi p m ent m od e, t wo c ap s u l es c an eff i c i ent l y f i t w i t hi n a 1 2 . 2m l ong c ontai ner, al l ow i ng for t rans p or t by t r u c k , p l ane, or s hi p d i rec tl y to t he c ons u m er. O nc e handed to the c l i ent , the m ob i l e m od e c om es i nto p l ay. A c u stom i zed trai l er, equ i p p ed w i t h 4 l evel l i ng l eg s , enab l es t he c ap s u l e to b e towed by a vehi c l e.

Thes e l eg s not onl y l evel t he str u c tu re b u t al s o fac i li tate easy p l ac em ent on the t rai l er i n j u st 30 m i nu tes . For ad ded vers at i l i t y, the m od el c an even b e trans p or ted by hel i c opter u s i ng i ron hooks l oc ated on the st r u c t u re’s top. Fu r ther m ore, t he aerod y nam i c s hap e of the b u i l d i ng i s s p ec i al l y des i g ned c onc er ni ng stab i l i t y to i m p rove s ec u r i ty i n p l ac es w i t h st rong w i nd s .

COSTUMIZED TRAILER

116

[Fi gu re 64] Eco c a ps u le, M o u ntain To p s ett in g In conclu sion, the Ec o c a psule s e r ve s as a pivota l c as e st u dy i n t he real m of off- g r i d l i vi ng and s elf-su stain a ble build in gs. It was s e le c te d not onl y for i ts s op hi st i c ated system s but als o to offer a p rac t ic a l un d e rsta n d in g of h ow t h e s e system s op erate. M any c as e stu di es in the off-g rid dom a in ut ilize sim ila r syste m s, m a ki ng the Ec oc ap s u l e a rep res entati ve examp le to e lu cidate t h e prac t ic a l int r ic ac ie s of m o bi l i ty, and u t i l i t y s u p p l y. I ts u ni qu e oval sh ap e and re silie nce in ext re m e e nv iro n m e nts un d e rs c ore i ts c onnec t i on to arc hi tec t u ral c o ncepts deve lop ed fo r spac e explo rat io n .

117

ÁPH80.

3.5 m

D es i g ned by Á BATO N , t h e Po r t a bl e H o me Á P H 80, i ntrod u c es a dwel l i ng w i t h 9 m by 3m , 27 s q u are m eters , st rateg i c al l y des i g ned for i m m ed i ate p l ac em ent on s i te, and d e l i vered as one p i ec e to t he c l i ent i n 6 weeks . The nat u re of Á P H 80 i s a p l u g - and- p l ay p refab r i c ated system , c hall eng i ng c onvent i onal nor m s of c onstr u c ti on. Thi s w i l l d e p end on the c ou nt r y p er m i ts b u t i n the c as e of S pai n t he hou s e i s p l ac ed i n the p l ot w i th a sw i m m i ng p ool p er m i t that l asts 2 years and after del i ver i ng and p l ac i ng the hou s e i n the p l ot ac qu i red by t he c l i ent you j u st need to p l u g the u ti l i ti es to the c i ty g r i d, and t he hou s e i s read y to b e u s ed .

3.0 m

9.0 m

[Fi gure 65] Por tab le Hom e Á PH 80, Á B ATO N

Fri d

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118

Plug -In Prefab Unit LIVING TYPOLOGY

119

STRUCTURE & LAYOUT. CEMENT/WOOD BOARD CLADDING

SOLID TIMBER STRUCTURE

TIMBERP PANEL 12CM INSULATION AIR HOLE TIMBER / CONCRETE PANEL

VENTILATED FACADE 120

LARCH TIMBER FLOOR

BOARDS

The APH80 home sh owc as e s a st r uc t ure c o n st r u c ted w i th s ol i d t i m b er c ol u m ns and beams, forming the e nt ire f ra m e, in c lud in g t h e pitc hed roof. I nter nal l y, S pani s h F i r Tree pa nels add aesthetic a ppe a l to wa lls a n d c upboa rd s, w hi l e t he c hoi c e of l arc h ti m b er for th e floors e nsu re s st re n gt h . E xte r n a l fac ad e s, ro of, a nd w i ndow s hu tters feat u re t hi n panel s made of a b lend of c o n c rete, t im be r, a n d re sin — s el ec ted for i ts natu ral l ook , hi g h d ura bility, and p erme a bilit y. Th e ve nt ilate d faç ad e n ot onl y el i m i nates t he need for g u tters but als o optimizes t h e r m a l pe r fo r m a n c e by eff ic ie nt l y ab s or b i ng and c ons er vi ng heat , c o mp le me nted by 12 c m in sulat io n w it h in exte r n a l a n d i nter nal wal l s for enhanc ed ther m al sta b ility.

[Fi gu re 66 & 67 & 68] Pi ctu re s Á PH 80, C o u nt r y Setti n g

121

MOBILITY.

Th e APH80’s transp or t a n d plac e m ent a re meticu lou sly o rc h e st rate d .

Sec ured to the tru ck dur in g t ra n spo r t , the ful l y CNC -p rodu ce d h o us e a r r ive s o n -si te as a sing le u nit afte r a 6-we e k del i ver y p roce ss. Re qu ir in g n o fo un dati on s, a site p reparat io n invo lve s s ha l l ow hole s and wood e n blo c ks to el evate the hou s e, p reve nt in g wate r c ontac t . U tilizing a cran e attac h e d v ia m eta l h ooks, the hou s e is pre c is e ly pos i ti o n ed on the p re pare d fo un d at io n .

Spec i a l metal p iece s aid in t h e s e a ml ess pl acement , facilitat in g t h e a lignm ent of u nderly ing meta l po le s. Th e hous e i s transp or ted wi t h s o m e f ur n iture a l re ady inside that is plac e d a n d attac hed to the inte riors, t h e re st of t h e fur n i ture is move d after plac e m e nt .

TIMBER BLOCKS

SITE PREPERATION 122

METAL PLACEMENT PIECE

[Fi gu re 69 & 70] ÁP H 80, b e i n g t ran s p o r te d an d p l ac e d o n s i te

123

UTILITIES. MUNICIPALITY CONNECTION

WATER

MUNICIPALITY CONNECTION

SEWAGE. 124

ENERGY.

The APH80 ne e d s to be connecte d wit h t h e es s e ntial u tilities —e le ctr i c ity, water, and s ewage. In su b u rban M ad r id , pre-arrang e d conne c t io n s stre amline the p ro c e ss, requ iring a simp le p lug-in a pproach. The mu n ic ipa l i ty ou tlet s er ve s as t h e s o u rce for e lectricity, water, and s ewag e. Th e f ully equip p ed kitche n, powered by e lectricity, fe atures an indu ction plate, extractor fan, ru nning water sink , and mini f r id ge.

Depe nding on the plot , pr i or arrang e me nts o r c oord ination with the mun ic i pa lity e nsu re s a sm o ot h c o nne ction p roce ss , e m phasiz ing the adapta bilit y of the APH80 to va r io us l oc ations with minima l lo gi stic al challe ng es.

[Fi gu re 71 ] ÁPH80, o n s i te The ÁPH80 stand s as a n e c o n o m ic a lly v ia ble o pti on tai l ored for i nd i vi du al s or s m al l fa milie s with a desire fo r re lo c at in g eve r y few ye a rs, w i s hi ng for a s u b u r ban res i d enc e w i thi n p roximity to u rban c e nt re s. A lt h o ugh its st r uc t ura l system s aren’t d es i g ned for f requ ent m ob ility, the p lu g -an d -play prefa br ic ate d d e sign st ream l i nes the trans i t i on— del i ver y to th e desig nate d site an d subs e q ue nt ut ilit y inte grat io n i nto the c i t y g r i d. C harac ter i zed by a ro b u st timb er stru ct ure, m et ic ulo us m ate r ia l s e le c t io ns , and eff i c i ent u ti l i ty i nc or p orati on, th e ÁPH80 exe mp lif ie s a n ua n c e d syn e rgy bet we e n c onveni enc e and ec onom i c feas i b i l i ty. From intric ate tran spo r t a n d plac e m e nt st rate gie s to u t i l i t y c onnec t i ons , t hi s d wel l i ng str i ctly address es the d e m a n d s of a m o bile yet d is c e r ni ng res i denti al l i festy l e.

125

2 .9 m

TINI M LIVING.

3m

11. 3 m

[Fi gure 72] TI NI LI VI N G M , M adr id

Fri d

ge

126

S pani s h arc hi tec t u ral firm D e l ave ga c a n o l a s s o c reated T i n i L i v i n g, a m od u l ar p refab r i c ated c abi n avai l ab l e for onl i ne p u rc has e and d el i ver y vi a tr u c k .

D es i g ned to wor k b ot h as hom e, off i c e or weekend g etaway, t he Ti ni m od el s ar r i ves f u l l y as s em b l ed and are ready for p l ac em ent on a p l ot t hat has b een p revi ou s l y p repared . The m odu l es are f u l l y m anu fac tu red i n S pai n and p rovi d e c u s tom i zat i on opt i ons s u c h to al l ow the u s ers to m ake the hou s e m ore p ers onal to them . B u yers c an opt for a c onnec ted or s el f- s u ff i c i ent s etu p, c om p l ete w i th s ol ar panel s , water tanks , or t hey c an c hoos e to b e par ti al l y or c om p l etel y c onnec ted to the m ai n g r i d.

Hybrid Dwelling Unit LIVING TYPOLOGY

127

OSB PANELS

STRUCTURE & LAYOUT. METAL SOLAR PANEL ATTACHMENTS

GALVANIZED STEEL STRUCTURE

GALVANIZED STEEL PANELS METAL PARTITION WALL GALVANIZED STEEL

128

POPLAR OSB 14CM INSULATION

BIRCH FLOORING

The Tini M c ab in fe at ure s a ga lva n ize d ste e l f ra m e. N otab l y, i ts i ns u l ati on, w i th 14 c m th i ckne ss in roofs an d exte r io r wa lls, sur pass e s sta n d ard hou s i ng i ns u l ati on. The c om b in ation of variou s insulat in g m ate r ia ls like X P S, m ulti - ref l ec ti ve i ns u l ati on, and rec yc l ed PE T enhance s ove ra ll pe r fo r m a n c e. Inte r n a l wo o d f i ni s hes c ontr i b u te to i m p roved therm a l and acou stic qu a lit ie s. Th e f lo o r in g pa n e ls, f in is hed w i t h l arc h ti m b er, rest on steel str u ctu ral b eams. B ot h inte r io r pa n e llin g a n d exte r io r c l ad di ng offer m ater i al c hoi c es for c ustomization.

PLADUR

POPLAR OSB

BIRCH WOOD

INTERIOR WALLS

BERNED WOOD

HEAT TREATED WOOD

CORTEN STEEL

GALVANISED STEEL

FACADE COVER

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[ F i g u re 73] T I NI L I VI NG M, B e i ng Tr a n s po r te d

The Ti ni m od u l e i s t rans p or ted vi a t r u c k , w i th a d el i ver y t i m e w i t hi n Eu rop e t y p i c al l y not exc eedi ng one week . P r i or to de l i ver y, p rop er s i te p reparati on i s c r u c i al , es p ec i al l y for r u ral l oc ati ons . D ep end i ng on t he s oi l t y p e, s ol u ti ons m ay var y. Ty p i c al l y, a 30 c m hol e i s exc avated to ens u re the hou s e s i ts on l evel g rou nd. A rei nforc ed s l ab, m atc hi ng t he hou s e’s f l oor area or l arg er for ou tdoor s pac e, i s t hen i nstal l ed. After s i te p repa rat i on, t he hou s e i s del i vered and p l ac ed on t he s l ab u s i ng a c rane. Thi s p roc es s ens u res stab i l i ty and p rec i s i on.

MOBILITY. SITE PREPERATION

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[Fi gu re 74 & 75] TI NI LIV IN G M , B e i n g p l ac e s o n s i te i n a C r a n e

CRANE PLACEMENT

REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB

131

UTILITIES. Ti n i p rov ide s cu stomiza ble ut ilit y syste m s, a llow in g us ers to dec i de t he l evel of i nd epen den ce. The weekend-us e s c h e m e invo lve s s o la r pa n e l s on the roof stor i ng energ y i n batter i es, distrib u ted by a n e le c t r ic re gulato r. A ge n e rato r s er ves as a bac ku p. Water s u ppl y opti ons inclu de a tan k in t h e ut ilit y ro o m o r o utd o o rs , f i l l ed by t he ow ner or t hrou g h h a r vesting if the we ather a llows. A pre ssure gro up pum p s water for s ani tat i on, s howers , a n d ki tchen. Waste dispo s a l invo lve s a s e pt ic ta n k be r r i ed a few m eters away f rom the h ous e with filters and bac te r ia , t h at c le a n s t h e grey a n d b l ac k water to b e drai ned i nto t he groun d. Maintenance re q uire s e m pt yin g eve r y 3 -5 ye a rs, dep end i ng on u s ag e and oc c upa n c y.

SOURCING SYSTEMS

WOOD STOVE

DESTRIBUTION SYSTEM EXIT SYSTEM

L

A

LS

BATTERIES WATER TANK 132

WATER PUMP

SEPTIC TANK

SO

P AR

E NN

[Fi gu re 76] TI NI L I VI N G M , o n Si te In conclu sion, Tin i Liv in g by D e lave gac a n o lass o stands ou t for i ts vers ati l e ap p l i c a ti ons. It was chos en to re pre s e nt a hybr id m o d ule in t hi s res earc h b ec au s e offers c u stom ization in b oth stru cture a n d ut ilit y syste m s. Th is is o bvi ou s l y not a system to m ove arou nd often b u t is the ty p e of t ra n spo r ta ble h o m e just like t he Á P H 80 that al l ows u s ers to l i ve c o mfor tab ly in the c o unt r ysid e a n d subur ba n a re as, in a c ost effec t i ve way, and i f t he s i tu ati on chang es the ho us e is re ad y to be t ra n spo r te d to a d i fferent l oc at i on, w i thou t havi ng th e trou b le of re b u ild in g o r buyin g a n ew h o us e.

133

AURA XS MOBILE.

The AUR A H o me s , w h i c h st a n ds fo r Ada pta bl e Un i t s w i t h Re s i z a bl e A rc h i te c t u re , i s a m od u l ar hou s i ng system des i g ned to ad apt to tem p orar y needs and b e ret u r ned to the m anu fac t u rer for rec onf i g u rat i on or rec yc l i ng . AUR A H om es offer a w i de rang e of opti ons for t rans p or t and s el f- s u stai n ab i l i ty, f rom f u l l y off- g r i d m odel s that c an b e eas i l y towed by c ar to l arg er m odu l ar hom es c om p os ed of m u l ti p l e u ni ts t rans p or ted by tr u c k and c apab l e of b ei ng f u l l y g r i d- rel i ab l e.

[Fi gure 7 7 ] AURA XS m oile Fro nt View

Fri dg Fri e dg e

134

Fully Off-Grid Mobile LIVING TYPOLOGY

135

STRUCTURE & LAYOUT. ZINC ROOF FINISH WARM PARAPET FLAT ROOF 2% SLOPE

PANELS

GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER

STRUCTURAL INSULATED PANELS

PERFORATED

METAL CHASSI

136

The p rimar y struc t ure of AU R A Ho m e s c o n sists of a bas e, s everal st r u c t u ral panel s , a n d a roof stru ctu re. Th e s e e le m e nts a re spe c if ic a l l y d es i g ned and p refab r i c ated f rom gl ued-laminated tim be r, w it h jun c t io n s fac ilitat in g e asy as s em b l y and di s as s em b l y. Thi s desig n not only allows fo r e asy pe rs o n a lizat io n bas e d on c l i ents’ p referenc es b u t al s o en a bl es homes to expa n d grad ua lly. Th e st r uc t ura l syste m enab l es s eam l es s rec onf i g u rati on of fac ade ele me nts, fac ilitat in g t h e c o n n e c t io n of n ew m odu l es over ti m e.

DETAIL JUNCTIONS

EXT BEAM - EXT BEAM JUNCTION

STRUCTURAL PANEL PANEL JUNCTION

STRUCTURAL PANEL - EXT BEAM JUNCTION

INT BEAM - EXT BEAM JUNCTION

137

The transp or tation lo gist ic s fo r AU R A Ho m e s va r y depen d ing on the size of t h e m o d ule. Fo r in sta n c e, t h e AURA XS Mob ile, metic ulo usly d e sign e d w it h d im e n si on s of 2 .55 by 7 mete rs, ad h e re s to road re st r ic t io n s a n d i s conve niently towable by a c a r w it h a ro bust e n gi n e c a pacity. In contrast , la rge r AU R A m o d ule s, o pt i m i zed for more p ermane nt s ett in gs, boast a sta n d a rd wi dth of 3 meters, with le n gt h s ra n gin g f ro m 4 to 12 m eters . Su ch modu le s n e c e ssitate t ra n spo r tat io n v ia tr uc k , with the c apab ility to h a ul up to t wo m o d ule s c o n c ur rently, exe mp lifie d by t h e AU R A M m e asur in g 3 by 1 2 mete rs.

Pr i or to installation on -site, a c o m pre h e n sive site a n a l ysi s is indisp e ns ab le, c o uple d w it h t h e sk ille d as si sta n c e of a crane for p re c is e plac e m e nt . Th e c h o ic e of foun d ation hing e s u p o n t h e spe c if ic s o il c o n d it io n s of the site, with var y ing leve ls of pe r m a n e n c e. Nota bl y, the ap p lic ation of s crew-o n pile s sta n d s o ut as a n exem pl ar y s olu tion for en sur in g st r uc t ura l sta bilit y.

Thi s method involve s t h e sw ift in sta llat io n of pile s deepl y into the g rou nd usin g spe c ia lize d m ac h in e r y,

MOBILITY. TRANSPORT BY : TRUCK CAR Depending on the size of the module

138

c ou p l ed w i t h m et i c u l ou s l evel i ng and p os i t i oni ng i n ac c ordanc e w i th t he d es i red l ayou t b efore t he hou s e’s ar r i val . O nc e the p i l es are f i r m l y i n p l ac e, l eavi ng a c ons i derab l e d i s tanc e f rom the g rou nd, t y p i c al l y arou nd 4 0 c enti m eters , to m i ti g ate f l ood r i s ks , the hou s e c an b e effor tl es s l y s i t u ated atop the fou ndati on. Thi s m et i c u l ou s ap p roac h not onl y ens u res t he str u c tu ral i nteg r i ty of t he AUR A H om es b u t al s o u nd ers c ores thei r adaptab i l i ty and res i l i enc e i n d i vers e envi ronm ental c on texts.

139

SITE PREPERATION

UTILITIES. Th e AU RA XS Mob ile m o d ule is m et ic ulo usly c rafte d to op erate f u l l y off- g r i d , eq u i p p ed wi th a su ite of syste ms en sur in g us e rs h ave e ss e nt ia l ut i l i ti es even i n rem ote w i l d er nes s s etti n gs. Solar pane ls cove r t h e ro of, h a r n e ssin g e n e rgy stored i n batter i es w i thi n t he m ac hi n e room. Additionally, a ra inwate r h a r ve st in g syste m c ol l ec ts water f rom the roof, c hann el l i n g it into a tank ne st le d be n e at h t h e h o us e. Fur t h e r tanks b eneat h t he str u c tu re i n c l ude a clean water re s er vo ir, t h at c a n be f ille d by us e rs at any c am p s i te, and a g rey water ta n k featu ring a filtration syste m t h at s e pa rate s liq uid f ro m s ol i d waste, envi ronm ental l y di spo si ng of the p u rifie d waste into t h e s o il.

SO

LA

RP

AN

EL

S

BATTERIES

SOURCING SYSTEMS DESTRIBUTION SYSTEM

CLEAN WATER TANK GREY WATER TANK HARVESTED WATER TANK

EXIT SYSTEM

140

WA TE

RP

UM

P

[Fi gu re 78] AUR A G row Sc e n ari o C o m p o r ta , Po r tu g al AU RA Home s e pito m ize ad a pta bilit y a n d susta inab i l i ty, offer i ng vers ati l e l i vi ng s ol uti ons from fu lly off- gr id m o d ule s to la rge r, gr id -re li ab l e st r u c t u res . P refab r i c ated f rom gl ued-laminated timbe r, t h e ir m o d ula r d e sign a llows for easy as s em b l y and ex pans i on over time. Transp or tat io n lo gist ic s c ate r to va r io us modu l e s i zes , ens u r i ng eff i c i ent del i ver y. U tilizing innovat ive fo un d at io n m et h o d s like s c rew- on p i l es enhanc es stab i l i t y. Thes e h ome s are eco-friend ly, boast in g eff ic ie nt off-gr id ut i l i ti es l i ke s ol ar energ y and rai nwater h a r ve sting .

141

CONCLUSIONS

Moving + Case Studies 142

The Importance of History W h e n ex p l or i ng the hi stor i c al roots of m o bile a rc hi tec t u re, the res earc h has u nve ile d a r ic h tap estr y of i nf l u enc es t hat hi g h light t h e lo ng - standi ng tradi ti on of nom ad i c liv in g. Th is trad i t i on, s panni ng c entu r i es , u nd e rs c o re s t h at the c onc ept of m ob i l e l i vi ng is fa r f ro m n ew. By exam i ni ng di fferent t y p es of m o bile d wel l i ng s s u c h as tents , c ar r i ers , a n d c a rava n s , t he st u dy reveal s how thes e a n c ie nt fo r ms have i nfor m ed and i ns p i red c o nte m po rar y m ob i l e hom es .

Pl u g -i n -C i t y f ro m A rc h i gr a m a n d a st a n d ard i zati o n of t he MD U to c re ate C o nt a i n e r b u i l d i n g s , exa m pl e s of t he c l e a r l i nk bet we e n p re se nt an d hi sto r y.

D rawing parallels bet we e n t h e s e h is tor ic al examp le s and m o d e r n in n ovat io n s, a profou nd u nde rsta n d in g e m e rge s, sh owc asing how ancient d e sign pr in c iple s, in dustrial advancements, a n d ava nt-ga rd e c o ncepts continu e to sh a pe t h e pre s e nt a n d fu tu re of mob ile liv in g. Th is h isto r ic a l c o nne ction not only prov id e s c o ntext but a l s o emp hasize s th e e n d ur in g re leva n c e of traditional wis d o m a n d pio n e e r in g i deas in foste ring i n n ovat ive, ad a pta ble, a n d su stainab le mob ile a rc h ite c t ure in t h e 2 1 st ce ntu r y.

This historic al c o n n e c t io n n ot o n ly provide s context b u t a ls o e m ph asize s t h e en d u ring relevance of t rad it io n a l w is d o m a n d trailb lazing ideas in fo ste r in g in n ova ti ve, adaptab le, and susta in a ble m o bile a rc hite ctu re in the 21st c e nt ur y.

The importance of Compact mode: In 7 ou t of 1 0 c as es ( M ar k i es , Wheel l y, Flip Ki os k , M du , Por t-A- B ac h, S p i r i t S hel te r, a n d C as a O j al á) , I ’ ve noti c ed a c r u c i al aspe ct : p r i or i ti zi ng a c om pac t des i g n.

Th e s e arc hi tec ts foc u s on i nventi ng ways to c los e and p rotec t l i vi ng s pac es for eff i c ie nt t rans p or tat i on and i n m ost c as es u tiliz in g m ovem ents l i ke d y nam i c op eni ng s o r c e ntral c ore extens i ons are a b i g par t of t h at p roc es s . Rec og ni zi ng thi s patter n i s v ita l, as i t s i g ni f i c antl y i nf l u enc es my ow n d e sign ap p roac h. The em p has i s on c ompac t n es s ens u res p rac t i c al i ty, p rom pt i ng t h o ug htf u l c ons i derat i ons i n my des i g n pro c es s .

A Collaboration of different movements.

This pap er ident if ie s fo ur m ove m e nts wi thin thes e stru ctu re s, h igh light in g t h e ir va r ying effective ne ss. Th e re s e a rc h f in d i n gs indic ate a cle a r d ist in c t io n bet we e n pr i mar y and s econda r y m ove m e nts in m o bi l e architectu ral ap plic at io n .

P rimar y move me nts, ut ilize d m o re f requently, s er ve as ge n e ra l e n h a n c e rs of space. They are ty p ic a lly int ro d uc e d to expa nd b u ilding s, p rovid in g us e rs w it h la rge space s ove rall. Exam ple s in c lud e c e nt ra l c o re extensions and d yn a m ic o pe n in gs.

On the othe r han d , s e c o n d a r y m ovem ents focu s on enha n c in g t h e q ua lit y of i nterior space. Fe at ure s suc h as m o bile fur nitu re and folding c o m po n e nts play a c r ucial role in this re ga rd , fac ilitat in g t h e c reation of mu ltip le f un c t io n a l a n d d yn a m i c env ironme nts with in c o nf in e d spac e s.

Now It’s fu ndam e nta l to un d e rsta n d th at it’s not ab ou t ran k in g t h e m but re c o gn i zing the ir p ote ntial w h e n c o m bin e d . Th is synerg y holds the key to c re at in g ge n uin el y i nsp iring and innovat ive d e sign s, sh owc asing the p ower of inte grat in g d iffe re nt m ove me nts within a sin gle m o bile h o m e.

C ase St udy Po r t-A- B ac h, dy n a m i c o pe ni n g s b e i n g use d to c l o se up t h e ho use fo r t ran sp o r t .

Container mesurments and possible Layouts W h i l e t he ex p l orat i on of m ob i l e hom es in t h is res earc h reveal ed di vers e s hap es a n d si zes , a p reval ent trend em erg ed i n favo ur of st rai g htfor ward , eas i l y trans p or ta ble d es i g ns . M any m odel s al i g n w i th the t ypic al c ontai ner hou s e d i m ens i ons , m easur in g 2 . 5 m x 6 m or 2 . 5 m x 1 2m , w het her t h ro ug h p refab r i c ati on or rep u r p os i ng c a rgo c ontai ners . N otab l y, the l ayou ts sh owc as ed t wo p redom i nant ap p roac hes : a n O p en s pac e l ayou t that devi d es f u nc t io n s i n f l ex i b l e ways onl y w hen needed, like its t he c as e of Por t- a- bac h or t he M D U a n d a s eparated l ayou t p hys i c al l y def i ni ng spac e s , ty p i c al l y di vi d i ng t he l i vi ng s pac-

143

es by the bathroom like it’s t h e c as e of t h e Ec o bi tat .

illum in at ion even i n c om pac t s pac es . Thi s invo lve s meti c u l ou s p l anni ng of op eni ng size a n d p l ac em ent , l everag i ng roof l i g hts , a n d in c o rp orati ng m ater i al s w i t h var y i ng t ra n spa re nc y for a nu anc ed i nter p l ay of light , t h e reby em p has i zi ng t he i nt r i c ate inte rac t io n of m ater i al i ty and l i g ht i ng i n e n h a n c in g t he m ob i l e hom e ex p er i enc e i n a lot of t h i s c as es .

Embracing simplicity.

[Fi gure 79 ] MI NI MOND C ataç u b a , M A PA , D ev i ded plan example.

Th e a u t hor of “ H ap py by D es i g n” emph asize s the i m p or tanc e of c el eb rat i ng sim plic it y i n aest heti c s , rooted i n t he ph ilo s o phy of ap p rec i at i ng t he b eau t y i n m o d e st a n d hu m b l e t hi ng s . Throu g h vario us c as e st u di es , I ’ ve l ear ned that s u c c e ssf ul mob i l e arc hi tec t u re rel i es on embrac in g si m p l i c i ty for a c omfor tab l e l i vi ng spac e. Por tab l e hom es di s c ou rag e c l u tter, pro m pt in g arc hi tec ts i n t he m ob i l e s pac e to pr io r it i ze s m ar t storag e for p ers onal be lo n gin g s . H owever, t hey al s o rej ec t the supe r f ic ial “c u l t u re of t hi ng s , ” ens u r i ng a ba la n c e b et ween f u nc ti onal i t y and avoi din g un n e c es s ar y p os s es s i ons .

[Fi gure 80] Por t-A- B ach, O p e n p l an

Curious Light and Unforseen materiality.

In examining the re alms of light in g a n d m ater i a lity within mobile h o m e s, n ote wor thy patterns e me rg e, c o nt r ibut in g to both aesthetic and fu nctio n a l d im e n sio n s.

Mater i al choice s manifest a d ua l st rategy – a n inte rnal inclinat io n towa rd s n atura l m i micr y, u sing u ntreate d sur fac e s to ec ho the su rrou nding s, a n d exte r n a lly, a c ur i ous dive rg ence, as s e e n in t h e S pir it Shel ter ’s striking white f ibe rglass exte r i or or the indu strial conta in e r faç ad e of the Po r t-A-B ach and MD U aga in st t h e ir n atura l timb er interiors. Light in g c o n sid erati on s u nde rs core a c r uc ia l aspe c t of s pati a l de sig n, advoc at in g fo r st rate gic

144

Tr yc i c l e H ouse as a n e a m pl e of s i m pl i c i t y.

From Isolation to Inclusion: Mo bile Homes and Community Bonds Considering The C as e st ud ie s W h e e ll y, Tr ycicle Home an d it c a n be c o n c lud e d that In de sig ns add re ssin g s o c ia l issue s, pr i oritiz ing commu n it y e n gage m e nt is evi dent . Mob ile archite c t ure ofte n ac h ieve s thi s by p hysic ally lin k in g h o m e s, c re ati n g shared space s. Th is a pproac h prove s hi ghly b e neficial for in d iv id ua ls w h o, w it ho ut su ch e ng ag ement , m ight fac e is o lati o n. Prov iding a home, eve n a n un c o nve n ti o nal one meeting basic n e e d s, fo ste rs a s ens e of b elong ing . Th is d e sign e n c o urages the formation of c o m m un it ie s a m o n g peop le who have sha re d sim ila r st r uggle s, en hancing ove rall hum a n we ll-be in g.

Breaking Boundaries The Dynamics of Nature.

It was obvi ou s du r i ng t hi s anal ys i s that t h e f u nd am ental of nat u re I s an i m p or ta nt o ne. O ne notab l e as p ec t i n t hi s c on text is how c er tai n b u i l di ng s s u c c es sf u l l y bre a k away f rom c onventi onal b ou ndar i es w it h t he s u r rou ndi ng envi ronm ent . Thi s i s w h e re t he m ovem ents i denti f i ed i n t hi s res e a rc h b ec om e rel evant , as t hey often ai m to c h al l eng e thes e estab l i s hed l i m i ts .

Throu g hou t hi stor y, arc hi tec tu re has pr im a r i l y b een u ti l i zed to c reate s ec u re a n d d ef i ned s hel ters . M any arc hi tec t u ral st yle s em p has i ze c reati ng d i st i nc t b ou nda r ie s b et ween the i nter i or and exter i or, s e pa rat i ng t he t wo envi ronm ents di sti nc tly. What’s fas c i nat i ng i n t he c ontext of t h is res earc h i s how the s el ec ted m ob i l e h o m es def y thi s t rend i n thei r des i g ns .

Th ey ac t i vel y em b rac e thei r s u r rou ndi ng s a n a p p roac h t hat p roves t hat w hen d eal in g w i th s m al l s pac es u t i l i zi ng the exter io r e nv i ronm ent to t he des i g ns ad vantag e o n ly makes t hes e hom es m ore dy nam i c al ly c o mfor tab l e.

Sp i ri t S h e l te r, exa m pl e s of d y n am i c o pe ni ng syste m s b re ak i n g bo undi re s

145

Unveiling the Unity of Control and Psychology.

In “H ap py by De sig n,” B e n C h a n n o n un ders c o res the need for t h e f un d a m e nta ls previ o usly estab lishe d to wo r k to get h e r a n d c reate sp ecial relat io n sh ips bet we e n eac h othe r. Par ticu larly, w it h in m o bile a rc hi tec tu re, a p ivotal conn e c t io n e m e rge s bet ween control and p syc h o lo gy.

Fo r instance, in var ie d c as e st ud ie s th e i dea of “cre ating a ra n ge of d iffe re nt envi ro n me nts,” a contro l-bas e d c o n c e pt , s eem to alig n with the psyc h o lo gic a l n o ti on that op e n p lans contr ibute to we ll-bei n g. An imp or tant dis cove r y is h ow t h e s e s eem i n gly op p osite ideas of e it h e r o pe ni n g th e space u p or divid in g it in spe c if ic fun c ti ons work tog ethe r in a c re at ive way.

C asa Oj alá , examples of c o nt ro l an d p sychology being f und amental l y l i n ke d

146

Th e res earc h s hows how the d es i g n m ove m e nts l i ke m ob i l e f u r ni t u re or d yn a m ic o peni ng s i n thes e b u i l di ng s fac i l itate a c o n stant c onnec t i on b et ween t hes e f un d a m e ntal s , al l ow i ng u s ers to trans fo r m s e a ml es s l y t ransfor m t hei r s pac i ou s , o pe n s ett i ng i nto d i st i nc t f u nc t i onal areas w h e n d e si red.

* Refe r to C o nc l us i o n s S um m a r y Di agr a m p.1 3 4 -1 3 5 .

147

SUMMARY DIAGRAM

CONCLUSIONS

Moving + Case Studies

DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS

8 5

5

FLIP KIOSK

TRYCICLE HOME

3

E M B R AC I N G S I M P L I C I T Y

WHEELLY

148

6 4

TINY WALDEN

MARKIES

H I STO R I C A L C O N N E CT I O N

CRITICISM

I M P O R TA N C E O F C O M PACT M O D E

B R E A K I N G B O U N D R I E S W I T H N AT U R E

SOCIAL ISSUES SOLUTION PROJECTS

MDU

ECOBITAT

P R I M A R Y M OV E M E N T S

MDU

COMMUNITY FOCUSED DESIGN

SPIRIT SHELTER

CASA OJALÁ

M I X A B L E M OV E M E N T S

149

CONCLUSIONS

LIVING + Case Studies 150

Th is ph as e of the res earc h was c r u c i al to ga in prac t ic al i ns i g hts i nto how thes e b u i l din gs o pe rate. Throu g h t he p roc es s of m ovi ng a n d a n a lysis, I ob s er ved t hat m ob i l e b u i l d i ng s sh a re c o m m o n tec hni q u es i n t rans p or tat i on, c o n st r uc t io n, and u t i l i t y p rovi s i on. H owever, t h e a pproach and system s em p l oyed var y bas e d o n t h e d eg ree of f reed om the b u i l d in g po ss e ss e s . I n the l i vi ng s ec t i on, my ai m was to pre s ent an over vi ew of d i fferent tec h n iq ue s a n d system s d ep endi ng on the ty p e of po r ta ble b u i l d i ng . I s el ec ted three d i vers e build in gs w it h var y i ng l evel s of m ob i l i t y, eac h a pproac h in g c r i ter i a s u c h as m ob i l i t y, st r u ct ure, a n d ut i l i t i es d i fferentl y. I n s u m m ar y, t h e s e t h re e anal ys es s u c c es sf u l l y p rovi d ed a c o m pre h e ns i ve u nd erstandi ng of t he tec hn iq ue s ut ilize d i n m ob i l e hom es overal l .

Structure & Materiality Th e n e e d for l i g ht wei g ht m ater i al s b ec o m e s c r uc ial i n hom es t hat c an b e m oved by c a r w it h a t rai l er, c ons i der i ng wei g ht rest r ic t io n s fo r road c i rc u l at i on. I n s u c h c as es , t im be r pa n e l s are often c hos en for i nter i or a n d f ur n it ure, not j u st for aest heti c s b u t al s o to c o nt ro l wei g ht . For t he exter i or, the p r i m a r y c o n c e rns are wei g ht , d u rab i l i ty du r i ng t ra n spo r t , a n d i ns u l at i on p rop er t i es . F i b erglass, c h o s en for i ts qu al i ti es , c an b e eas i l y m o uld e d , a llow i ng d i vers e s hap es for b etter t ra n spo r tat io n, ther m al eff i c i enc y, and rai nwate r c o lle c ti on, as s een i n t he Ec oc ap s u l e, a n d S pir it S h el ter.

W h e n it c om es to m odel s t rans p or ted o n ly by t r uc k , wei g ht restr i c t i ons are l es s st r in ge nt , w it h c onc er ns s hi ft i ng toward s t he build in g’s h e i g ht rather t han wei g ht . Road re st r ic t io n s var y by c ou ntr y, w i th exam p l es like t h e Aph 80 reac hi ng a m ax i m u m hei g ht

of 3.5 meters in Spa in d ue to its pitc h e d

gr id ) , a storag e system for nat u ral s ou rc-

ro of. Thes e b u ilding s, ofte n sim ila r in size

e s (t yp i c al l y batter i es) , and a system to

to ship p ing contai n e rs, c a n re pur po s e

t ra n sfor m and d i st r i b u te t he energ y i nto

c o ntaine rs or b e p refa br ic ate d usin g va r-

e le c t r i c i ty for t he hou s e. Water system s

i ous stru ctu ral mate r ia ls, exc lud in g h e av y

fo llow a s i m i l ar st r u c t u re b u t water c an b e

options like concrete. In sulat io n is c r uc ia l,

s o urc ed ei t her f rom rai n or l akes , t here i s

often ap p lied in walls a n d ro ofs to m a inta in

a ta n k for stor i ng and a di fferent tank for

favou rab le te mp erat ure s t h ro ugh passive

c le a n ing , f i l ter i ng and p u m p i ng t he water

systems.

t h ro ug hou t the hom e.

Ho m es c onnec ted to c i ty g r i d s au tom at ic al l y handl e waste di s p os al throu g h

Mobility and Site Implementation

s ewag e system s . A l ter nati vel y, s el f- s u s ta in in g m eas u res s u c h as dr y or c hem i c al

Du ring site imple m e ntat io n , prefa br i-

to ilets or s ept i c tanks c an b e u s ed. Whi l e

c ate d b u ilding s require pro pe r leve llin g

t h e s e waste d i s p os al system s var y i n

a n d flood p reve ntion . Te c h n iq ue s like t im -

s c a le, they al l p er for m the s am e f u nc ti on:

ber b locks or concrete sla bs h ave a sm a ll -

s e pa rat i ng di fferent t y p es of waste, c l ean-

er impact on the si te c o m pa re d to fo un-

in g t h e m w i th bac ter i a , and ei ther au tom at-

dations. Mob ile module s m ay n ot re q uire

ic a lly d i s p os i ng of t hem to nat u re or req u i r-

temp orar y fou ndation s, as t h ey a re e it h e r

in g us e r i nter vent i on.

pl aced on chassis or o n t h e gro un d w it h special leve lling leg s.

Supply of the Necessary Utilities Re g arding u tilitie s, t h e s e exa m ple s c a n b e adju sted to be off-gr id o r gr id -d e pende nt . For instan c e, t h e Ec o -C a psule c a n fu nction inde p en d e nt ly but c a n a ls o c o nne ct to exte rnal gr id s. Th e A ph 80 rel i es on city g rids b u t c a n in c o r po rate s o la r pa nels, rainwate r ha r ve st in g, a n d s e pt ic systems for par tial o r c o m plete s e lf-suff i c i ency. Self-su stain a ble syste m s d e pe n d on factors like we at h e r a n d us e r n e e d s, bei ng more re liab le in sm a lle r m o d ule s.

Eve r y p or tab le h o m e m ust ad d re ss th ree basic ne e ds : e n e rgy, wate r, a n d waste disp os al. Fo r e n e rgy a n d wate r, th ree systems are re q uire d — o n e to s o urc e th e energ y (s olar pa n e ls o r a n e le c t r ic

151

ÁPH80

ECOCAPSULE

MOBILITY

LIVING + C A S E ST U D I E S

STRUCTURE

A N A LYS I S C R I T E R I A

Can be placed anywhere

TRANSPORT

HYBRID.

UTILITIES

PLUG IN. Urban Lots or Suburban Sites

OFF GRID.

152

Urban or rural, requires truck access.

LEVEL OF MOBILE FREEDOM

TNI LIVING

ÁPH80

No preperation (Leveling Legs make sure the capsule is straight in uneven ground)

Timber Foundations (timber blocks and piles to elevate the house 50 cm above ground level with minimal excavation).

Irregular Shape Gross Area : 8.2m2 Use Area: 6.3m2

Pitched Roof Gross Area : 26m2 Use Area: 21.1m2

Container Shape Gross Area : 34m2 Use Area: 27.8m2

Fra m e

Steel Skeleton

Solid Timber Frame

Steel Frame

Skin

FibreGlass

Blended timber concrete

Galvanized Steel + others

Honeycomb wood

Spanish Fir

Poplar OSB

Foam Insulation

No Info

Multiple Types

no info

12 cm

14cm XPS, multi-reflective

TNI LIVING Reinforced Slab (Concrete is poured on-site for a leveled house surface)

Energy

Source: Wind + Sun Wind Turbine + Solar Pannels Storage: 3 Batteries Capacity 9.7Kwh

Source: City Electric Grid Arrangements need to be done with the city to provide this conections to the site.

Source: Sun + Gas Solar Panels + Generator Storage: Batteries Capacity: depends on usage

Wa t e r

Source: Rain + Lakes etc.

Water Filtering System (Harvest Tank + Clean )

Source: City Water Grid Arrangements need to be done with the city.

Source: External Provider External company fills water tank as needed.

Wa s t e

& Recycled PET

Waterless / Chemical Toilet Tanks clean and dispose of waste to nature.

Source: City Sewage Grid Arrangements need to be done with the city.

Normal Toilet + Sepstic Tank Septic tank separates, cleans, and disposes of waste .

ºC

Insulation Interior

Shape & Size

Preperation

ECOCAPSULE

Air-Conditioning Powered by electricity

Passive System Natural Ventilation + Insulation

Wood Stove no power needed

153

Design Relation & Personal

REFLECTION

154

Star ting this re s e a rc h a bo ut m o bile a rc hite ctu re, I was fac e d w it h a c h o ic e : h i storic al, fu nctiona l, o r te c h n ic a l fo c us? Opting for a ho list ic a pproac h , my res earch emb race d a d e e p d ive into t h e n uance d de sig n consid e rat io n s t h at d efi n e mob ile b u ildings a n d m a ke s t h e m wo r th exp loring . Ste m m in g f ro m my ow n n omadic jou rney, le av in g my h o m e c o untr y at 18 for an inter n at io n a l e d uc at io n , I l on g e d for a p or tab le “ h o m e away f ro m h ome”, b u t as an aspir in g a rc h ite c t w h at fas cinate s me fu r the r is h ow t h e f ie ld c halle ng es de sig n to be n ot o n ly m o re fun ctional and su stain a ble but a ls o c o ntrave ne ou r era of wild ove rc o n sum pt io n .

At the hear t of th is explo rat io n lie s a quest to u nrave l the e ss e n c e of suc c e ss i n mob ile home s. The c h o s e n c as e st udi es , e ithe r cove r in n ovat ive m ove m e nts i nfl uencing comfor t a n d liv in g q ua lit y fun damentals or de lve into t h e te c h n ic a l intric acie s of c o n st r uc t io n a n d t h e practic alities of living o n t h e m ove. Th is bo oklet , b orn from t h e s e c urate d a n a lys es, offe rs re ade rs n um e ro us in sights o n h ow to de sig n for no m ad s, pre d o m in a nt ly a n swering the res earc h q ue st io n d ef in e d for this ac ademic t h e sis: W h at a re t h e s o l u tions ap p lie d in t h e d e sign of m o bile h ome s that contrib ute to t h e c re at io n of us er c antered spaces.

Eve n thou g h thi s is re s e a rc h la rgel y p rop e lle d by a p e rs o n a l a llure o n m obi l e living , examinin g bot h h isto r ic a l a n d c o ntemp orar y c as e s c r it ic a lly unve ils a n uance d p ersp ective, as t h e a ppe a l of l i vi ng in compact spac e s d o e sn’t att rac t ever yone. While the re a re a lot of in n ovati ve de sig ns, an u ns ett lin g t re n d e m e rg es —mass -p rodu ced m o bile h o m e m o d e ls often lack the p ers o n a l to uc h . Fo r t h o s e desiring homes crafte d w it h in d iv id ua lit y i n mind, the challenge lie s in m a inta ini n g u niqu e ne ss with in t h e c o n st ra ints of sm all-s c ale liv ing . Th e c o n c e r n pe rsists th at the s e dwe lling s m ay suc c um b to a sta ndardized, charac te r le ss fate.

Cas e stu dies su ch as t h e W h e e lly o r th e Tricycle Hou s e illust rate ext re m e s c e narios, p u shing t h e bo un d a r ie s of c o mfor t . Among an id e a l s c e n a r io w h e re basic ne e ds are u nive rs a lly m et ; t h e prag m atic reality is that i n t h is s o c ia l c o n c e r n -

in g c as es m ob i l e arc hi tec t u re s er ves as a te m po rar y s ol u t i on — not p er fec t b ec au s e it is st il l a s hel ter and that s hou l d n’t b e c ompa re d or c onf u s ed w i t h the c omfor ts of a h o m e — yet p referab l e to t he ab s enc e of a ny s o l u t i on at al l .

U n d erstand i ng how thes e st r u c t u res f i t into ur ban s ett i ng s i s c om p l ex and i t c an be s e e n as a l i m i tati on of t hes e m odel s .

D e spite t he p erc ei ved f l ex i b i l i ty of m ob i l e a rc h itec t u re, c as e stu d i es reveal a s om ew h at id eal i zed vi ew. The noti on t hat thes e build in g s , p rom oted as hi g hl y adaptab l e, m ay n ot al i g n w i t h d i vers e l eg al and des i g n re q uire m ents i n d i fferent c ou nt r i es p rom pts t h e n e e d for hi g hl y c u stom i zab l e m od u l es .

Th e s e mod u l es s hou l d s eam l es s l y i nteg rate into var i ou s envi ronm ents , ac k now l ed g i ng t h e int ri c ate i nter p l ay b et ween reg u l at i ons , c ult ure, and d es i g n c ons i d erat i ons for s u c c e ssf ul i nteg rati on of m ob i l e hom es i n b ot h n at ura l and u r ban s c enar i os .

Th e c ol l ab orat i on b et ween thi s pap er a n d my d es i g n p roj ec t i s pal pab l e and d i re c t . Even thou g h t he i ns p i rati on for de sign in g a m ob i l e hom e c om es f rom a deep fas c in ati on w i t h t he top i c . As an arc hi tec t ure st u dent t hat has never had the c hanc e to wo r k on a m ob i l e m od el , s u p er f i c i al re s e a rc h q u i c k l y s howed t hat the c onstr u ct io n te chni qu es and d es i g n m ethod s u s ed we re o u t of the ordi nar y, w hen c om pared to stat i c m od el s . S o, i t daw ned on m e that t h e k n ow l edg e I w i s hed to ac q u i re w i t h t hi s re s e a rc h was not m erel y theoreti c al b u t a road m ap for my f u tu re d es i g n endeavou rs .

As I p rog res s ed throu g h t he d evel op m e nt of t he “ M ovi ng + ” c ateg or y and del ved into t he stu d y of d es i g n f u nd am ental s , I re a lize d that thi s res earc h l ai d t he g rou ndwo r k fo r my c reat i ve t hi nk i ng and c onc ep t ua l d es i g n stag e. I t al l owed m e to ex p l ore t h e c o mb i nat i on of di fferent m ovem ents to ge n e rate new i d eas for m ob i l e hom es t hat e n gage w i th the ex p l ored f u nd am ental s i n in n ovati ve ways . Fu r t her m ore t he “ The L i vin g+” c ateg or y g rou nd ed my w i l dest i d eas , offe r in g i ns i g hts i nto c onstr u c ti on tec h n iq ue s i m pac ti ng the d es i g n. I n es s enc e, t h is re s earc h l ai d t he fou ndat i on for an e ss e nt i al rel at i ons hi p b et ween k now l edg e a n d c reat i vi ty t hat w i l l i m pac t p os i t i vel y my a rc h itec t u ral g rad u at i on.

155

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19. Metabolists. (n.d.). 20th Century Architecture. Retrieved November 12, 2023, from http://architecture-history.org/schools/METABOLISTS. html#:~:text=The%20Metabolist%20movement%20emerged%20at,period%20but%20also%20develop%20living%2C 20. Echavarria M., P. (2004). Introduction. In Portable architecture and unpredictable environemnts (p. 26). Links Books.

21. Kronenburg, R. (2002). Chapter IX : Prototypes and Predictions. In Houses in Motion : The Genesis, History and Development of the portable building (p. 115). Academy Press.

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CASE STUDIES M+ THE WHEELLY (40-45) Channon, B. (2019). Think about the temperature of the buildings. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 33). Routledge.

Channon, B. (2019). Use Colour Wisely (and sparingly). In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 71 ). Routledge.

Chermayeff, S., & Alexander, C. (1963). Community and privacy: Toward a New Architecture of Humanism. Garden City, N.J. : Anchor Books, Doubleday.

Roke, R. (2017). Wheelly. In Mobitecture : Architecture on the Move (p. 28).

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Seonwook, K. (2012). WHEELLY. In Construction and design manual : mobile architecture (pp. 836–843). DOM Publishers.

WHEELLY by ZO_loft | Archello. (n.d.). Archello. Retrieved November 13, 2023, from https://archello.com/product/wheelly.

FLIP KIOSK (46-49) Channon, B. (2019). Avoid Visual Monotony. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 75). Routledge.

Channon, B. (2019). Use tactile Materials. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 29). Routledge.

MOBILE ART SHOPS. (2013, December 14). MOTOElastico. Retrieved November 12, 2023, from https://motoelastico.com/MOBILE-ART-SHOPS Roke, R. (2017a). Flip Kiosk. In Mobitecture : Architecture on the Move (p.

221). Phaidon Press.

TRYCICLE HOUSE (50-55) Channon, B. (2019). Celebrate the simple. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 79). Routledge.

Channon, B. (2019). Provide people with a range of environments. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 45). Routledge.

Chermayeff, S., & Alexander, C. (1963). Community and privacy: Toward a New Architecture of Humanism. Garden City, N.J. : Anchor Books, Doubleday.

Furuto, A. (2012, December 27). Tricycle House and Tricycle Garden / People’s Architecture Office (PAO) + People’s Industrial Design Office (PIDO). ArchDaily. Retrieved October 7, 2023, from https://www.archdail y.c o m /3 1 2 6 51 /t r i c yc l e - h o u s e - a n d - t r i c yc l e - g a rd e n - p e o p l e s - a rc h i te c ture-office-pao-peoples-industrial-design-office-pido Hertzberger, H. (2005). Part II - The Urban Dwelling: The Problem Defined.

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WALDEN TINY HOUSE (56-61) Channon, B. (2019). Be Selective about window sizes. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 13). Routledge.

Channon, B. (2019). Design adaptable spaces. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 41). Routledge.

Channon, B. (2019). Don’t overlook the importance of storage: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 99). Routledge.

Channon, B. (2019). Don’t overlook the importance of storage: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 99). Routledge.

Channon, B. (2019). Use Rooflights shrewdly. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 19). Routledge.

Delos Living LLC. (2015). Mind. In The WELL Building Standard V1 (pp. 92105).

Roke, R. (2017a). Tiny House by Walden. In Mobitecture : Architecture on the Move (p. 183). Phaidon Press.

Zelfvoorzienend op 18 m2 — Walden. (2016). Walden. Retrieved October 16, 2023, from https://www.waldenstudio.nl/werk/zelfvoorzienend-op-18-m2.

DE MARKIES (62-66) Channon, B. (2019). Design adaptable spaces. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 41). Routledge.

Delos Living LLC. (2015). Mind. In The WELL Building Standard V1 (pp. 92105).

Echavarria, P. (2004). Markies_ Eduard Bottling. In Portable architecture and unpredictable environemnts (pp. 86–89). Links books.

Markies - Unfolding Your Stay in Nature. (n.d.). https://www.markies.nl/ Seonwook, K. (2012). Markies. In Construction and design manual : mobile architecture (pp. 290–295). DOM Publishers.

Van Lengen, J. (2008). Design: Natural Environment. In The barefoot architect (pp. 133–138). Shelter Publications, Inc.

MOBILE DWELLING UNIT (68-73) Channon, B. (2019). Ensure a good supply of fresh air. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 35). Routledge.

Channon, B. (2019). Go open Plan. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 105). Routledge.

Channon, B. (2019). Provide people with a range of environments. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 45). Routledge.

Echavarria, P. (2004). MDU_ Lot/ek. In Portable architecture and unpredictable environemnts (pp. 130–133). Links books.

Jodidio, P. (2017). Mobile Dwelling Unit - MDU. In Nomadic Homes: Architecture on the Move (pp. 232–235). Taschen America Llc. LOT-EK ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN. (2003). MDU - Mobile Dwelling Unit.

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ECOBITAT (74-81) Campolina, F. (2010). ECObitat ///. Behance. Retrieved December 6, 2023, from https://www.behance.net/gallery/303552/ECObitat-.

Campolina, F. (2011). experimental #1. Behance. Retrieved December 6, 2023, from https://www.behance.net/gallery/447219/experimental-1.

Channon, B. (2019). Improve ecology and biodiversity. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 65). Routledge.

Channon, B. (2019). Use high level windows to combine light with privacy.

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Franco, J. T. (2017, December 15). ECObitat: Casa modular transportable.

ArchDaily México. https://www.archdaily.mx/mx/02-222334/ecobitat-casa-modular-transportable Seonwook, K. (2012). Portable Housing. In Construction and design manual : mobile architecture (pp. 370–375). DOM Publishers.

PORT-A-BACH (82-87) AD Editorial Team. (2020, February 3). Port-a-Bach / Atelier workshop.

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Channon, B. (2019). Ensure a good supply of fresh air. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 35). Routledge.

Channon, B. (2019). Go open Plan. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 105). Routledge.

Channon, B. (2019). Provide views of Nature. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 57). Routledge.

Designboom. (2013, January 23). port a bach shipping container retreat by atelierworkshop. Designboom | Architecture & Design Magazine. https://www.designboom.com/architecture/shipping-container-retreat-port-a-bach-by-atelierworkshop/.

Jodidio, P. (2017). Port-A-Bach. In Nomadic Homes: Architecture on the Move (pp. 263–266). Taschen America Llc.

THE SPIRIT SHELTER (88-93) Channon, B. (2019). Provide High ceilings where possible: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 100). Routledge.

Channon, B. (2019). Use tactile Materials. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 29). Routledge.

Homeli. (2014, July 26). Spirit Shelter (Seelenkiste) by Allergutendinge Homeli. Homeli. https://homeli.co.uk/spirit-shelter-seelenkiste-by-allergutendinge/.

Roke, R. (2016). Spirit Shelter. In Nanotecture: Tiny built things (p. 140).

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Valenzuela, K. (2019, October 24). Seelenkiste - Spirit Shelter Finding Arcadie / allergutendinge. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/627266/ seelenkiste-spirit-shelter-finding-arcadie-allergutendinge.

Casa Ojalá | IB Studio _ Arch. Invernizzi & Bonzanigo | Archello. (n.d.).

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Casa Ojalá. (2021, June). GLOBAL UNVEILING OF CASA OJALÁ ROSEWOOD CASTIGLION DEL BOSCO, MONTALCINO, JUNE 2021 [Press release]. https://www.casaojala.it/press/Casa-Ojala_Press-release_2021.ENG.pdf.

Casa Ojalá. (n.d.). Features | Casa Ojalá. Retrieved November 24, 2023, from https:// www.casaojala.it/features Channon, B. (2019). Celebrate the simple. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 79). Routledge.

Channon, B. (2019). Give building users privacy. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 51). Routledge.

Channon, B. (2019). Go open Plan. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 105). Routledge.

Channon, B. (2019). Provide people with a range of environments. In Happy by design: A Guide to Architecture and Mental Wellbeing (p. 45). Routledge.

Crook, L., & Crook, L. (2022, January 18). Beatrice Bonzanigo to present mobile offgrid home at Milan design week. Dezeen. https://www.dezeen.com/2019/03/11/casa-ojala-mobile-off-grid-home-beatrice-bonzanigo/ IB Studio - Casa Ojalà. (n.d.). Retrieved November 24, 2023, from https://www.ib-studio.eu/casa-ojala.html

CASE STUDIES L+ ECOCAPSULE (102-109) Architects, N. (2018, July 9). Ecocapsule. Architonic. https://www.architonic. com/en/project/nice-architects-ecocapsule/5106120 Be Totally Self Sufficient - You Can Camp in THIS Trailer Literally ANYWHERE on Earth!(2019, October 11). [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=Appwv8w_i2A Gulati, S. (2021, August 20). EcoCapsule | Nice Architects - Arch2O.com.

Arch2O.com. https://www.arch2o.com/ecocapsule-nice-architects/#google_vignette Jodidio, P. (2017). EcoCapsule. In Nomadic Homes: Architecture on the Move (p. 212). Taschen America Llc. Meet Ecocapsule, the ultimate dwelling experience. (n.d.). www.ecocapsule. sk. https://www.ecocapsule.sk/#features´ Roke, R. (2016). EcoCapsule. In Nanotecture: Tiny built things (p. 66). Phaidon Press. Seonwook, K. (2012). Nice Architects. In Construction and design manual : mobile architecture (pp. 468–473). DOM Publishers.

Separett - Waterless composting toilets. (n.d.). https://separett.com/pt/en

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Ábaton. (2022, December 15). Portable home architecture project - ÁBATON. ÁBATON. https://abaton.es/en/projects/portable-home-aph80/ Friedman, A. (2021). ÁPH80. In Pre-FAB Living (p. 137). National Geographic Books.

Jodidio, P. (2017). Homes that move - ÁPH80. In Nomadic Homes: Architecture on the Move (p. 194). Taschen America Llc.

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CASA OJALÁ (94-99)

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Mueller, N. (2015, April 7). Compact and mobile: Portable House ÁPH80. DETAIL.https://www.detail. de/de_en/compact-and-mobile-portable-house-aph80-27138 Portable home delivered as furniture, tailored as smartphone. (2013, October 2). [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87pkn2APTOU Sánchez, D. (2021, December 17). Portable House ÁPH80 / Ábaton Arquitectura. ArchDaily. https:// www.archdaily.com/420623/portable-house-aph80-abaton-arquitectura Tiny House Utilities—How Do They Work? | Electricity, Water, & Gas. (2020, December 11 ). [Video].

Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaR4RmKM8zQ

TINI LIVING (118-125)

FIGURES LIST.

Instalación de una tini® M (34m2) un día de niebla por los hermanos Herrero @arturez_ @oneherrero. (2022, April 22). [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtbJSC-Wqzw Morris, A., & Morris, A. (2021, April 1). Delavegacanolasso creates prefabricated Tini home-office cabin. Dezeen. https://www.dezeen.com/2021/03/28/prefabricated-tini-cabin-home-office-delavegacanolasso/ Process - tini living. (n.d.). https://en.tiniliving.com/proceso Septic tanks | Rewatec. (n.d.). https:// www.premiertechaqua.com/en-pt/wastewater-treatment/septic-tanks Tini Living - Your custom home. (n.d.).https://en.tiniliving.com//

162

Figure 1. Markies Mobile Home, Edward Böhtlingk 1985. (n.d.). MARKIES. https://www.markies.nl/geschiedenis Figure 2. Paley, M. (2023). Construction of a Yurt. National Geographic. https:// education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/yurt/ Figure 3. The Wichita house, Based on Dymaxion Prototype. (2019). Archdaily. https://w w w.arch daily.co m/4015 28 /ad- class i c s - t h e - d y m a x i on - h ou s e - b u c kminster-fuller Figure 4. Airstream Model, Travel Trailer 1930. (n.d). Airstream. https://www. archdaily.com/401528/ad-classics-the-dymaxion-house-buckminster-fuller Figure 5. Plug-in-City, Archigram. (2020). Deezen. https://www.dezeen. com/2020/05/12/archigram-plug-in-city-peter-cook-dennis-crompton-videointerview-vdf/ Figure 6. Future Systems’ Peanut (1984). (2016). Fast Company. https://www. fastcompany.com/3062923/why-architects-make-such-great-futurists Figure 7. Diogene, Renzo Piano. (2013). Vitra. https://www.vitra.com/en-pt/ campus/architecture/architecture-diogene Figure 8. Conceptual Collage “The Historical Journey of the mobile home”.

(2023) Author’s own artwork.

Figure 9. Research Plan Diagram. (2023) Author’s own artwork.

Figure 10. The Walking House, N55. (2008). N55. http://www.n55.dk/MANUALS/WALKINGHOUSE/walkinghouse.html 11. Wagon Station, Andrea Zittel. (2016). Deezen. https://www.dezeen. c o m /2 0 1 6 /0 8 / 1 9/w a g o n - s t a t i o n - e n c a m p m e n t - a n d re a - z i t t e l - t i n y- c a m p ing-pods-creative-refuge-california-desert/ Figure 12. BLOB VB3, dmva architecten. (2009). dmvA. https://www.dmva-architecten.be/en/projects/blob-vb3 Figure 13. Wheelly inside a museum, ZO-lof Architecture. (2014). Archdaily. https://www.archdaily.com.br/br/601563/wheelly-um-refugio-urbano-portatil Figure 14. “Community” Sketch, ZO-lof Architecture. (2014). Archdaily. https:// www.archdaily.com.br/br/601563/wheelly-um-refugio-urbano-portatil Figure 15. Edited pictures of the Wheelly. (2014). Archdaily. https://www.archdaily.com.br/br/601563/wheelly-um-refugio-urbano-portatil

FIGURES LIST.

Figure 16. Edited pictures of the Wheelly. (2014). Archdaily. https://www. archdaily.com.br/br/601563/wheelly-um-refugio-urbano-portatil Figure 17. Picture of the Wheelly being transported. (2014). Archdaily. https:// www.archdaily.com.br/br/601563/wheelly-um-refugio-urbano-portatil Figure 18. The Flip Kiosk, MOTOelastico. (2014). MOTOelastico. https://motoelastico.com/MOBILE-ART-SHOPS Figure 19. Flip Kiosk Open, MOTOelastico. (2014). MOTOelastico. https:// motoelastico.com/MOBILE-ART-SHOPS Figure 20. Trycicle House on the move, PAO + PIDO. (2012). Archdaily. https:// w w w. a rc h d a i l y. c o m /3 1 2 6 51 /t r i c y c l e - h o u s e - a n d - t r i c y c l e - g a rd e n - p e o ples-architecture-office-pao-peoples-industrial-design-office-pido Figure 21. Trycicle House, Interior 1. (2012). Archdaily. https://www.archdaily. com/312651/tricycle-house-and-tricycle-garden-peoples-architecture-office-pao-peoples-industrial-design-office-pido Figure 22. Trycicle House, Interior 2. (2012). Archdaily. https://www.archd a i l y.c o m /3 1 2 6 51 /t r i c yc l e - h o u s e - a n d - t r i c yc l e - g a rd e n - p e o p l e s - a rc h i te cture-office-pao-peoples-industrial-design-office-pido Figure 23. Trycicle House, Interior 3. (2012). Archdaily. https://www.archd a i l y.c o m /3 1 2 6 51 /t r i c yc l e - h o u s e - a n d - t r i c yc l e - g a rd e n - p e o p l e s - a rc h i te cture-office-pao-peoples-industrial-design-office-pido Figure 24. Trycicle House, Interior 4. (2012). Archdaily. https://www.archd a i l y.c o m /3 1 2 6 51 /t r i c yc l e - h o u s e - a n d - t r i c yc l e - g a rd e n - p e o p l e s - a rc h i te cture-office-pao-peoples-industrial-design-office-pido Figure 25. Community of Trycicle HOuse owners. (2012). Archdaily. https:// w w w. a rc h d a i l y. c o m /3 1 2 6 51 /t r i c y c l e - h o u s e - a n d - t r i c y c l e - g a rd e n - p e o ples-architecture-office-pao-peoples-industrial-design-office-pido Figure 26. Trycicle House, PAO + PIDO . (2012). Archdaily. https://www. archdaily.com/312651/tricycle-house-and-tricycle-garden-peoples-archi tecture-office-pao-peoples-industrial-design-office-pido Figure 27. Tiny House by Walden . (2016). Archdaily. https://www.archdaily. com/790176/contemporary-tiny-house-walden-studio Figure 28. Modular Furniture. (2016). Walden. https://www.waldenstudio.nl/ werk/zelfvoorzienend-op-18-m2 Figure 29. Modular Furniture. (2016). Walden. https://www.waldenstudio.nl/ werk/zelfvoorzienend-op-18-m2 Figure 30. Modular Furniture. (2016). Walden. https://www.waldenstudio.nl/ werk/zelfvoorzienend-op-18-m2 Figure 31. Modular Furniture. (2016). Walden. https://www.waldenstudio.nl/ werk/zelfvoorzienend-op-18-m2 Figure 32. Modular Furniture. (2016). Walden. https://www.waldenstudio.nl/ werk/zelfvoorzienend-op-18-m2 Figure 33. Tiny House by Walden, Interior. (2016). Archdaily. https://www. archdaily.com/790176/contemporary-tiny-house-walden-studio Figure 34. Markies Open, Böhtlingk. (n.d.). MARKIES. https://www.markies. nl/geschiedenis Figure 35. Open Terrace , Markies. (n.d.). MARKIES. https://www.markies.nl/ geschiedenis Figure 36. Transparent Awning , Markies. (n.d.). MARKIES. https://www.markies.nl/geschiedenis Figure 37. Markies, Interior. (n.d.). MARKIES. https://www.markies.nl/geschiedenis Figure 38. Mobile Dwelling Unit, MDU, LOT-EK. (2003). LOT-EK. https://lotek.com/mdu-mobile-dwelling-unit

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FIGURES LIST. 164

Figure 39. MDU, Interior. (2003). LOT-EK. https://lot-ek.com/mdu-mobiledwelling-unit Figure 40. MDU, Modular building. (2003). LOT-EK. https://lot-ek.com/mdumobile-dwelling-unit Figure 41. ECObitat, Felipe Campolina. (2008). fpcamp. http://fpcamp.xyz/ project/ecobitat?i=1 Figure 42. Portable housing Project Diagram. (2010). fpcamp. http://fpcamp. xyz/project/experimental-1 Figure 43. Portable housing Project. (2010). fpcamp. http://fpcamp.xyz/project/experimental-1 Figure 44. Port-A-Bach, Atelier Workshop. (n.d). Archdaily. https://www.archdaily.com.br/br/01-99412/port-a-bach-slash-atelier-workshop Figure 45. Port-A-Bach, Side View, Bunk Beds. (n.d). Archdaily. https://www. archdaily.com.br/br/01-99412/port-a-bach-slash-atelier-workshop Figure 46. Port-A-Bach, Interior. (n.d). Archdaily. https://www.archdaily.com. br/br/01-99412/port-a-bach-slash-atelier-workshop Figure 47. Port-A-Bach, Interior 2. (n.d). Archdaily. https://www.archdaily. com.br/br/01-99412/port-a-bach-slash-atelier-workshop Figure 48. Spirit Shelter, Allergutendinge. (2012). Archdaily. https://www.archdaily.com/627266/seelenkiste-spirit-shelter-finding-arcadie-allergutendinge Figure 49. Spirit Shelter,Interior Roof Hatch . (2012). Archdaily. https://www. a rc h d a i l y.c o m /6272 6 6/s e e l e n k i ste - s p i r i t- s h e l te r-f i n d i n g - a rc ad i e - a l l e rg utendinge Figure 50. Spirit Shelter,Interior Kitchen. (2012). Archdaily. https://www.archdaily.com/627266/seelenkiste-spirit-shelter-finding-arcadie-allergutendinge Figure 51. Spirit Shelter, Back View. (2012). Archdaily. https://www.archdaily. com/627266/seelenkiste-spirit-shelter-finding-arcadie-allergutendinge Figure 52. Casa Ojalá, Beatrice Bonzanigo. (2019). IB Studio. https://www. ib-studio.eu/casa-ojala.html Figure 53. Casa Ojalá Interiors . (2019). IB Studio. https://www.ib-studio.eu/ casa-ojala.html Figure 54. Casa Ojalá Interiors . (2019). IB Studio. https://www.ib-studio.eu/ casa-ojala.html Figure 55. Casa Ojalá, Fully Open, Oceanfront. (2019). Deezen. https://www. dezeen.com/2019/03/11/casa-ojala-mobile-off-grid-home-beatrice-bonzan igo/ Figure 56. AURA XS Moble, parked in Camp Site. (2024). Created by Author.

Figure 57. AURA XS mobile parked in a natrual researve in Austria. (2024).

Created by Author.

Figure 58. Ecocapsule, Nice Architects. (n.d). EcoCapsule. https://www.ecocapsule.sk Figure 59. Ecocapsule, interiors. (n.d). EcoCapsule. https://www.ecocapsule. sk Figure 60. Ecocapsule, interiors. (n.d). EcoCapsule. https://www.ecocapsule. sk Figure 61. Ecocapsule, Diagrams. (n.d). EcoCapsule. https://www.ecocapsule. sk Figure 62. Ecocapsule, Leveling legs (2019) Youtube - Be Totally Self Sufficient - You Can Camp in THIS Trailer Literally ANYWHERE on Earth!. https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=Appwv8w_i2A Figure 63. Ecocapsule, Metal Hoocks (2019) Youtube - Be Totally Self Sufficient - You Can Camp in THIS Trailer Literally ANYWHERE on Earth!. https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=Appwv8w_i2A

FIGURES LIST.

Figure 65. Portable Home ÁPH80, ÁBATON . (2014). Ábaton. https://abaton.es/ en/projects/portable-home-aph80/ Figure 66. Pictures ÁPH80, Country Setting. (2014). Ábaton. https://abaton.es/ en/projects/portable-home-aph80/ Figure 67. Pictures ÁPH80, Country Setting. (2014). Ábaton. https://abaton.es/ en/projects/portable-home-aph80/ Figure 68. Pictures ÁPH80, Country Setting. (2014). Ábaton. https://abaton.es/ en/projects/portable-home-aph80/ Figure 69. ÁPH80, being transported and placed on site. (2014). Ábaton. https://abaton.es/en/projects/portable-home-aph80/ Figure 70. ÁPH80, being transported and placed on site. (2014). Ábaton. https://abaton.es/en/projects/portable-home-aph80/ Figure 71. ÁPH80, on site. (2014). Ábaton. https://abaton.es/en/projects/portable-home-aph80/ Figure 72. TINI LIVING M, Madrid. (2014). Tini Living. https://en.tiniliving.com/ galeria-proyecto/tini-m-cuenca Figure 73. TINI LIVING M, Being places on site in a Crane. (2022). Youtube Instalación de una tini® M (34m2) un día de niebla por los hermanos Herrero @arturez_ @oneherrero. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtbJSC-Wqzw Figure 74. TINI LIVING M, Being places on site in a Crane. (2022). Youtube Instalación de una tini® M (34m2) un día de niebla por los hermanos Herrero @arturez_ @oneherrero. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtbJSC-Wqzw Figure 75. TINI LIVING M, Being places on site in a Crane. (2022). Youtube Instalación de una tini® M (34m2) un día de niebla por los hermanos Herrero @arturez_ @oneherrero. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtbJSC-Wqzw Figure 76. TINI LIVING M, on Site. (2014). Tini Living. https://en.tiniliving.com/ galeria-proyecto/tini-m-cuenca Figure 77. AURA XS moile Front View. (2024). Created by Author.

Figure 78. AURA Grow Scenario Comporta, Portugal. (2024). Created by Author.

Figure 79. MINIMOND Cataçuba, MAPA, Devided plan example. (2015). Archdaily.https://www.archdaily.com.br/br/802165/minimod-catucaba-mapa Figure 80. Port-A-Bach, Open plan Example. (n.d). Archdaily. https://www. archdaily.com.br/br/01-99412/port-a-bach-slash-atelier-workshop

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AR3EX115 EXPLORE LAB GRADUATION Master’s in Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences 2023/2024

Research Book by Marta Raimundo de Carvalho

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