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Thursday, 5 Decem ber 2013

Direct Human Brain-to-Brain Communication Has Become Possible open in browser PRO version

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brain to brain communication

An experimental system that allows the transmission of signals from one brain to another allowed a researcher to move his colleague’s hand at a distance.

“The Internet has so far been a means to connect computers. Now it can also be a means to connect brains,” says Andrea Stocco, member of the research team at the University of Washington.

The study is the first to show a non-invasive method for connecting the brains of two people. It comes a few months after the announcement of Harvard researchers about the connection between the brain of a human and an animal.

The first successful experiment of the kind was made earlier in rats and was presented last February. The ultimate goal of the experiments is to “transfer knowledge directly from one brain to another,” says Dr. Stocco now. However, the latest research concerns the transmission of much simpler signals.

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The researcher Rajesh Rao, Dr. Stocco’s associate, was sitting in his laboratory wearing an electroencephalographic cap, which was recording the electrical activity in specific brain areas.

The EEG signals were transmitted via Skype in the laboratory of Dr. Stocco on the other side of the campus. He did not see or listen to his colleague but was wearing a transcranial magnetic stimulation (or TMS) device, which was placed over his motor cortex, the brain area that coordinates the movements of the limbs.

Direct Human Brain-to-Brain Communication Has Beco...

When Rao was watching a video game and thinking he was moving his index finger to press a

Technology Could Make Us Immortal, Says Hawking

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Robots Will Take Our Jobs Within the Next Five Yea...

Mini-computer in the Eye is No Longer a Fiction

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keyboard button, the signals were transmitted to the brain of Stocco and forced him to move his index finger just like he was pressing a button.

He describes the involuntary movements as “nervous tics”.

“It was both fascinating and weird to see the move I imagined being translated into a real move by a different brain,” says Rao. “It was actually a one-way information flow from my brain to his.

The next step is to establish a more equal communication between the two brains”.

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Posted by ram pag at 20:41

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‘Humanity Must Colonize Other Planets to Survive’ Scientists Determined What Will Cause the End of H...

Robots Will Take Our Jobs Within the Next Five Years?

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Robots will have captured our offices before the end of the decade, claims a British expert in artificial intelligence who provides that by 2018 robots will take professions that now are thought to be purely “human”. If to believe the forecasts, office workers, secretaries, salespeople, insurers and administrators should start looking for another workpiece.

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The predictions of the bleak future for human occupation are made by Andrew Anderson, CEO of artificial intelligence company Celaton, in an interview in the British newspaper «Daily Mail». As the British expert said, the company undertook an assessment of all of the achievements in the field of artificial intelligence of recent years. The conclusion is that the replacement of humans by machines in the workplace will come sooner than you thought: in fact it is considered to be achieved within the next five years, as the progress in artificial intelligence is much faster than expected.

The most impressive aspect of the predictions that was obtained from the assessment of Celaton is that they do not relate to the “invasion” of machines in the not too demanding in terms of skills “mechanical” jobs – this is something that has already occurred to a

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significant degree in industrial production and military sectors. Instead the number of robots seems to increase in professions that require a degree of reasoning and thinking. “I am afraid that now it is actually the fact that most office workers will disappear,” said Mr. Anderson. “This tendency will have a huge impact on the job market, while the constantly progressing developments in artificial intelligence have evolved to the degree that robots now can think and learn like humans.”

Robots can now quickly and automatically execute many tasks, which require a lot of work and effort from humans, and some most recent models can even make decisions, which so far was considered an exclusively human task. “The artificial intelligence can read and understand the meaning of the whole documents with the help of patterns of words and phrases. This learning ability – and even learning a natural consequence of processing documents – minimizes the need for office staff to perform certain repetitive tasks” said the expert. “And the fact that a machine not only can perform these functions but also continuously learns to perform them better and faster means that office workers are no longer needed in number so huge as it once was.” For example, as explained by the expert, a machine can distinguish the ‘double’ claims made to insurance companies immediately recognizing that it has already seen a phone number or an address – something that a human cannot do so easily. Furthermore, and most importantly, when there is need for human intervention, the machine can learn from this by expanding and improving its performance.

Although the predictions of Mr. Anderson may seem to belong to the realm of science fiction, what he describes is already happening to a degree on the Internet: some companies sell online using automatic customer service. Earlier this year IBM also gave the “promotion” to a supercomputer named Watson turning it into robotic reception center of the customer service department. The system collects and organizes data about customers and gives answers that are best suited to each case.

In their turn, researchers from the University of Bielefeld developed a robot which aspires to a career in one of the professions that require human contact and personal relationship – that of the bartender. Its name is Joint Action in Multimodal Embodied Systems or, more ‘friendly’, JAMES. Even if JAMES will never become just… James and will fail to win the sympathy of the bar customers, Mr. Anderson is convinced that robots will “change the game” in the labor market. The next five years will show if he is right.

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Posted by ram pag at 20:38

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Mini-computer in the Eye is No Longer a Fiction A prototype of a flexible contact lens with integrated LED has been created. The invention could lead to the creation of small displays, directly covering the cornea.

While Google released a mini computer in the form of glasses, the South Korean scientists have gone further and have built a similar device in the ‌ conventional contact lenses.

Lenses with electronic elements had already been created previously. For example, there are lenses for monitoring intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. However, they are created using materials that do not have the flexibility and transparency.

New height in this area is reached by specialists of the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), who conducted the study along with Samsung and other organizations. To provide flexibility and transparency a special nanotechnology material was used.

In fact, the transparent elements of modern electronic devices are usually made using a tin oxide and indium. But these materials are too fragile, and therefore not suitable for soft contact lenses. As for organic elements, low conductivity is the problem. The solution was to use a structure in which the silver nanowires are stacked between layers of graphene.

This structure has the necessary flexibility, low resistance and a high value of the visible light transmittance (94%).

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Taking a regular soft contact lens, the scientists combined it with the received material and integrated LED lights. Although this product cannot be called a display (so far it has only one pixel), it can be a start to the development of mini-screens that cover the cornea of the eye.

The created lens was tested on rabbits, whose eye size is comparable to the human. After five hours of wearing no excessive redness or other side effects were noticed. The researchers say that the ultimate goal is to provide “smart� lenses with capabilities of the Google Glass computer. Although it is clear that the release of such a product is still very far away.

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Posted by ram pag at 20:33

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Technology Could Make Us Immortal, Says Hawking

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technology immortality

Some kind of eternal life can be possible with the help of technology, according to the physicist Stephen Hawking.

The 71 years old eminent scientist, speaking at the premiere of a film about his life, said that if the brain can function outside of the human body, then the eternal life is possible.

“The brain is like a computer program. Theoretically, it is possible to “copy” the human brain to a computer as if it were a software and provide in this way a sort of afterlife,” said the astrophysicist during the Cambridge Film Festival at the premiere of Stephen Finnigan’s movie entitled «Hawking».

“But today under the prevailing circumstances, it is not feasible. I think that the concept of conventional life after death is a tale for people who are afraid of the dark,” says Hawking.

The scientist had made similar statements two years ago in an interview with the newspaper Guardian: “I see the brain as a computer which stops working when its components are damaged. And there’s no heaven or afterlife for damaged computers.” But as it seems, now he has more optimism about this possibility.

In 1963, at age 21, Hawking learned that he would live “two to three more years” because the diagnosis of doctors was explicit and unequivocal: neurological disorder known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. However, the persistence and will allowed him to live not three years, but half a century more, although the progression of the illness made his everyday life difficult.

The disease caused him great difficulties in speech and in 1985, because of a tracheotomy, the scientist lost completely the ability to speak. Today he communicates via a special

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speech production device designed in Cambridge. From 1979 until 2009 the distinguished physicist held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at the British University of Cambridge, which had previously been held by Isaac Newton, the father of modern physical science.

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Posted by ram pag at 20:30

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