V35 N2 Astoria Welcomes Cruise Ship Giants

Summer 2009 Vol. 35, No. 2

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From the Wheelhouse Nearly 40 years have gone by since I first came to Oregon. At that time I was a California ranch kid who had become a marine biologist and boat builder. I was instantly struck by the grandeur and raw power of the Columbia River. Then I was captivated by the history of the region and perhaps because my family roots were in a small Norwegian fishing village, I felt an immediate affinity for the culture and geography of this area where "the sea breaks its back."

As I write, I am looking out across the great width of the Columbia River, dotted with freighters and fishing boats. In the background the weather radio is describing conditions on the bar: "winds gusting to 45 knots, waves 7 to 10 feet. . ." To be the Columbia River Maritime Museum executive director is to put all of my life 's work and interests together in perfect alignment. I am taking the helm of a beautiful ship manned by a superb crew, and being offered the opportunity to voyage to new and exciting waters.

I have just returned from visiting 22 maritime museums in New England, and during the past 15 years I have also visited most of the maritime museums in Europe. I can safely say that the Columbia River Maritime Museum is a gem among maritime museums. The staff, the board, the volunteers, our members and our supporters have made this so. Rolf Klep and his cohorts would be proud to see how their vision has matured. We are unique, and without a doubt, one of the best. Few museums, maritime or not, offer the same sense of warmth and welcome. Few have achieved such a good balance. The CRMM presents a huge diversity of artifacts and images without numbing one's senses. The Museum is incomparable in its incredible location, physical facilities, fine collections, exhibThe QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

its, and world class library. When I stroll around the Museum, what I see quite literally takes my breath away: beautifully crafted displays of images, art and artifacts that depict the wonderfully rich maritime history of the Columbia River and the North Pacific. There are boats of all kinds, models and the real thing: gillnetters, paddle wheelers, motor yachts, self-righting Coast Guard life boats and a fleet of naval vessels. Mixed among these are the tools of many trades: sextants and telescopes, adzes, caulking irons and mallets, oakum and tarred marlin, fids and net needles, flare guns and life jackets, oars and sails and all sorts of wonderful "stuff' to delight and stimulate the imagination.

I am eager to gain my "sea legs" and in the near future be able to report my ideas and plans for this fine institution.

I ask you to come visit, in person or via the web, to share your thoughts and ideas with me. Together let us make this best place even better.

~CbU/4~ Samuel E. Johnson Executive Director

On the Cover: Royal Caribbean's Radiance of the Seas calling on the historic Port of Astoria with over 3,000 passengers.

Special thanks to the ever professional Captain and crew of the Triumph II for allowing photos while they handled the lines for the giant ship.

Photo by David Pearson

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Afterguard Thomas V. Dukich, Chairman David W. Phillips, Vice Chairman Capt. Thron Riggs, Secretary H. Roger Qualman, Treasurer Donald Magnusen, Immediate Past Chairman Ward Cook, Advisor George F. Beall, Advisor Bruce Buckmaster, Advisor Sam Johnson, Executive Director Board of Trustees Peter Brix* Richard T. Carruthers * Dave Christensen Dale Farr Fred Fields Cheri Folk Walter Gadsby, Jr. Alan C. Goudy * W. Dennis Hall E.H. (Ted) Halton, Jr. Jonathan Harms John Hart Don M. Haskell Senator Mark Hatfield * Senator Betsy Johnson Dr. Russell Keizer S. Kenneth Kim Capt. Rod Leland James McClaskey John McGowan * Prudence M . Miller Larry Perkins Peter Quinn Hugh Seppa Mike Sorkki June Spence Glen Swift Ambassador Charles J. Swindells Willis Van Dusen* Shelley Wendt Samuel Wheeler * Trustee Emeritus

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New Executive Director Sam Johnson.

Columbia River Maritime Museum Names Dr. Samuel E. Johnson as New Executive Director

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The Columbia River Maritime Museum announces that Samuel E. Johnson Ph.D. has been chosen as the new Executive Director. Dr. Johnson succeeds Jerry Ostermiller who retired in 2008.

Sam received his Ph.D. in marine biology from Stanford University, was a post-doctoral scholar in biophysics at the University of Michigan and taught for a number of years at Clark University in Worcester, Mass. In 1980 he returned west to head the scientific staff of the Nature Conservancy in California and in 1981 came to Oregon as director of the Conservancy's Oregon Field Office.

Later Sam served as Director of External Affairs at the Oregon Historical Society where he set up a demonstration boatshop and designed the popular exhibit "By Paddle, Oar and Sail: Traditional Small Boats of the Pacific Northwest." During this time he also attended the Museum Management Program at Colonial Williamsburg. Following his

work at OHS he served as the Director of Planned Giving at the Oregon Health Sciences University Foundation.

In recent years Johnson has been studying traditional wooden boats throughout the United States and Europe, building and restoring boats, and teaching traditional maritime skills including bronze foundry work at a number of places in the United States and Canada including Seattle's Center for Wooden Boats, the San Francisco National Maritime Museum, the WoodenBoat School in Maine and at the Mystic Seaport Museum.

"I am deeply honored to have been chosen to lead the Columbia River Maritime Museum. I have long respected and admired the accomplishments of the Museum and look forward to continuing this great legacy," said Samuel Johnson.

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Army soldier guarding cargo in transit through the Suez Canal.

Photo courtesy Captain Dan Jordan.

PIRATES

The Columbia River Bar Pilots talk of the Lawless Sea Introduction by Capt. Robert Johnson, Columbia River Bar Pilot Pirates have been a fact of life for merchant seamen for as long as ships have carried valuable cargoes. History shows that merchant ship crews have continually adjusted their tactics with the times in order to meet the threat. In the days of sail it was common for the officers to have experience in the navy and to be familiar with the use of munitions. Most merchant ships were armed and the captain held a chest of pistols and cutlasses. Although out-gunned, out-manned and up against The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

a determined foe, they fought battles in defense of their ship, cargo and lives.

By the 1950s, pirates still existed, but merchant ships were able to out run them and with the exception of a few areas, pirates were a nuisance but not a serious threat to most seamen. Pirates boarded from small, fast boats, using knives as their main weapon, and they intended to steal what was handy rather than take control of the ship itself. Many merchant ships defended themselves from such attacks with lights around the ship at night, fire hoses, and arming themselves with knives. The recent spate of pirate attacks

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off the coast of Somalia has changed the game yet again. Once the pirates began arming themselves with automatic weapons and RPGs, most merchant ship crews had little defense. The stakes have changed faster than the counter-measures.

The pirates have gained the upper hand, and numerous ships are being taken and held ransom. It is estimated that the Somali pirates were paid over $100 million last year. The commercial world was left aghast when the pirates haul included a huge brand new Saudi Arabian owned tanker fully loaded with oil for Europe.

Then came the American container ship Maersk Alabama and publicity followed close behind.

One result of the present situation is considerable trepidation among crews that must transit dangerous waters. Somalia is the one now in the news but the Straits of Malacca (the narrow waterway between Malaysia and Indonesia north of Singapore) has been an area of concern for centuries. West Africa has also been dreaded by seamen for violent pirate attacks. Nigeria has long had a storied reputation, and parts of the Philippines and Brazil have their own versions of the problem.

When I stopped sailing because I was accepted in the Bar Pilots in 1987 one of the emotions I felt was relief that I did not have to be concerned for the safety of my crew or my ship from pirates. In my experience, pirates were a game - them vs. us. It was serious, but nothing like it is now. I did recognize that in the wrong set of circumstances it could be fatal, hopefully for the pirates, not my crew.

The realization, in the 1980s, that I was in a deadly area where either my crew or the pirates could lose their lives but that I saw as a game is rather sobering.

We lit the ship, kept a sharp lookout and armed ourselves with knives, which was enough most of the time. Among sailors, stories of inventive methods of thwarting

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pirates abounded; I even had a few of my own. Now, when I read of the events off Somalia, I am struck that my brethren who are still out there are being dealt an impossible hand in trying to combat these thugs.

Merchant seamen are working men from around the world who want no part of this drama. They just want to do their jobs and safely navigate the world's commerce.

Depending upon the owner of their ship, they may get good support, or more likely something similar to the comment I heard from a Captain recently: "None of our ships have been taken yet; please be careful, Captain." If the recent events raise awareness and result in action, the world's seafarers will be safer transiting sea lanes to carry cargo to the world's consumers all of us.

The following is an Oral History interview with Columbia River Bar Pilot Captain Dan Jordan, interviewed by Betsey Ellerbroek, Education Director. Captain Jordan spent over 24 years at sea and has many stories to tell of the realities of taking a merchant ship across the oceans of the world and the risk of piracy.

BE- With piracy coming to the forefront of newspapers, TV and other media can you tell us a little bit about your personal experience with piracy?

DJ - Sure. So, my experiences with piracy are worldwide, consisting mostly in making preparations against it and not in actual attacks. We had experiences in Somalia (which is what's making the news right now) but the pirate attacks weren't quite as aggressive as they are now.

BE - And what year was that?

DJ - That was around 1994. As I said, not near as aggressive, still daytime attacks, but they weren't shooting at the ships with rockets in those days. They would try and The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

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block the ship's path or just get onboard a slow ship as it was going through.

BE - How would they try and block a ship?

DJ - They would just maneuver in front of the ship and stop their boats. One pirate held up a gas can pretending he was out of gas and gambled that you would slow down and try and avoid him, or maybe even stop and give them gas.

BE - And what size boats did the pirates use?

DJ - Oh, they were probably 30 or 40 feet or so, wooden fishing boats, but they're pretty quick. Open dories. In those days they recommended staying at least fifty miles off the coast of Somalia, that's how far they would go out. The difference now of course is that the boats are coming from mother ships so they can range a lot further than fifty miles out. It was difficult sailing through the Gulf of Aden staying fifty miles off of Somalia, and because the USS Cole got attacked, we had to stay off of Yemen as well. That left only a narrow corridor that you could actually sail through and still be in the recommended areas. Now there is no area in the Gulf of Aden that is safe from piracy to go through.

BE - So when the pirates were trying to stop you what did you do?

DJ - Well, we just increased speed, instead of slowing down, and pushed right through. It really wasn't much of an incident other than we saw them. We got the crew out on deck and prepared for them, but it wasn't a real big deal.

BE - "And prepared for them," what did that entail?

DJ - We locked down the ship. In those days the ships' crews weren't armed, so it would be crew members on fire hoses. If the pirates tried to climb up the side, the crew could just wash them off with a fire The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No . 2

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hose. We'd lock the ship; make sure that they wouldn't come in the ship. Doors on a ship, unlike in your house, are steel.

If you lock it from the inside no one can just kick it in. So even if the pirates get onboard, they can take the cargo, but if they can't get into the ship, the bulk of the crew is safe. That's what happened with the recent Maersk Alabama incident, the pirates weren't able to get in the ship and get a hold of the crew members. That was in Somalia. West Africa is another region that we encountered piracy. It's a different game there, night time piracy, not near as well-armed - small guns, machetes, that kind of stuff. And in the evening or late night the pirates would call and pretend they were harbor pilots, so you'd come into the pilot station, put the pilot ladder over the side and they'd climb right up as if they were the ship's pilot. We were warned about it ahead of time so every night we would go about fifty miles offshore and drift around and come back in the next morning expecting a pilot the next day. We would just ignore the night time calls. We got boarded once in the harbor in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. But there is a difference between piracy and just plain thieves. Typically piracy is against ships on the high seas, so I don't necessarily consider that as an act of piracy when they climb onboard in port-but it's the same thing, they're just trying to steal.

BE - Do you want to talk a little bit more about that episode?

DJ - Well, we were anchored inside the bay in Abidjan, Ivory Coast which is in western Africa. I would guess it was two guys that climbed aboard and our crew members saw them and chased them off before I was even aware they were aboard. We had the ship locked so they couldn't get in anyway. We were doing some security in port but we still had to work the ship, so we had crew members

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Captain Jordan and the Indian commandoes as they went through the Straits of Malacca which is just west of Singapore.

"We had an Indian Navy destroyer escort and they put a raft in the water, a rigid hull inflatable, and set six Indian commandoes aboard to protect us as we sailed through Singapore. We were carrying military cargo."

Photo courtesy Captain Dan Jordan.

on deck. We chased them off. They had a dugout canoe tied at the back of the ship and they jumped in and paddled away.

After that, we hired, through the agent, about eight security guards to stand watch for us. They were locals with poison blow darts and one mean old pregnant dog they put at the gangway once we tied up. We were kind of afraid to come and go ourselves because of the dog! I'm not really sure to this day if it truly was pirates or thieves or if it was somebody the agent sent to try and trick us into hiring their guards. The guards were kind of a nuisance, with eight people aboard you ended up having to feed them and take care of them as well, and they still have to use the facilities. We were a little uncomfortable letting West Africans with poison blow darts into the ship to use the facilities. We ended up having our people on duty 24 hours a day to watch them and it wears on you after a while.

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BE - How did you know they were actual poison blow darts?

DJ - That's what we were told. Machetes

are a big thing there. They all had machetes. Let's see, where else - Singapore's an area with piracy. Singapore Straits-we sailed through there a number of times. Although we never really saw them, through Singapore, that was a hot spot some years ago. It's slowed down considerably. Piracy moves from region to region in the world.

The big thing to remember when you 're transiting these areas is to look prepared so that the pirates go after the other ship.

We would rig lights all around the side of the ship so that if they came along side we could see them and they couldn't see if there was anybody on deck above the light or not, so it made them think twice about attempting to board. We'd have search lights on the bridge wings and just by moving them around lets the pirate know that you're alert and you're paying attention. If you're doing that, and there are three or four other ships around that aren't, hopefully the pirates will attack those ships and not yours. We did hear on the radio a few times other ships calling for help when they're getting attacked but it never happened to us there.

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BE - When you heard other ships calling for help were you ever close enough to respond?

DJ - No, and we wouldn't either. We would relay the call to another service that was in the area, the Singaporean Patrols, if there was any U.S. Navy around-but we didn't have any ability to respond, we didn't have weapons or soldiers aboard, usually. After we started carrying military equipment cargo we started getting more security onboard that the military provided.

BE - Where did the military shipments go?

DJ - All over the world. I've done regular ammo runs between North Carolina and Germany, ammunition out of Persian Gulf and Aqaba, Jordan a couple of times.

The problem with carrying ammunition is that it's almost always in containers, just like you see in a container ship, and every container has for safety reasons a label on the outside that says what's in it. So there are these big orange placards that say "Explosives" on every single container.

If anybody was really paying attention it would be obvious. So whenever we got escorted through threat areas - Straits of Gibraltar, the Red Sea, going into the Persian Gulf, there might be a convoy of four or five ships and we were always in the back. And if we blow up, everyone else keeps going. It's not a real comforting feeling. We got harassed by some little speed boats in the Persian Gulf once.

Six of them charged at us and just before coming in as if to blow up alongside us like the USS Cole, they'd tum around and go away and another group would come in from the other side. Spend a day dealing with that and it starts getting old. We ended up having to call our Navy escort and tell them to "get back here" because we were starting to get worn out and a little frazzled. We had a Marine Corps detachment aboard then for protection and The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

after a while they started getting a little tense -you're worried that they're going to start shooting. That's one problem.

There are discussions now about whether or not merchant ships should be armed.

BE - That's a question I had .. .

DJ - Arming ships' crews or putting armed security onboard all has its own problems. As a private company giving arms to your employees without training is not a good thing so you have to send them to training before you can arm them and then the insurance comes in and really it's the insurance companies that are making the costs prohibitive. They raise the insurance rates if you have weapons onboard.

BE - I imagine the rates are pretty high as it is, but with the added liability it could really be bad.

DJ - They actually raise rates if you're going through certain regions. If you're on a ship going by Somalia you're going to pay more. Going into the Persian Gulf, it's a war zone so you pay more for sailing into there. Our company actually did send us to small arms training and some other security training so we had weapons onboard and were able to use them, but as a civilian using a weapon in those situations the rules of engagement are a lot more limited compared to military or law enforcement personnel. So if you have cargo like ammunition and the military wants greater latitude to protect it, they have to put aboard security teams. The problem with that is that when there's a military security team aboard, the captain doesn't have control over when they shoot or not; the senior military officer does. So now you have 12 twenty-year-olds running around your ship with guns and you have no control of when they use them.

The best team I had was comprised of two Gurkhas who were British-trained

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"The military hasn't, until recently, been in the business of protecting ships or ships' crews, it's protecting cargo. So ifwe had cargo that was Army cargo they put Army soldiers aboard to protect us, if it was Navy cargo then we had marines aboard to protect us, and as soon as we discharged our cargo we didn't have anybody aboard to protect us ."

Photo courtesy Captain Dan Jordan.

Nepalese soldiers that had retired and had worked for a private security company.

We had some of them sailing with us for almost three years.

BE - And so they stayed on the whole time?

DJ - Yes, and I felt more comfortable with just two of them versus 12 twentyyear-old Marines or Army personnel.

BE - Did they ever have to use their weapons?

DJ -No. They never did. I don't know that they would have- they were more the knife kind of guys. Just having them standing at the access points of the gangways made us feel safer and we never had any problems.

We did regular security drills onboard that consisted of a specific alarm and everyone on the crew had a job to do locking a specific door or searching a

specific area. Once we went through that process of locking down the ship, and we knew nobody unwanted was inside, we could issue the guns and anybody left outside was fair game. But we never had to do that beyond a drill. We had that training along with small arms training. We had another course that was called "Shipboard Security Engagement Tactics" and that included more aggressive actions using a baton instead of a gun and hand cuffs. We actually went on a ship with paint guns and rescued pretend hostages. We learned how to storm a space on a ship and rescue hostages.

I did another course in Kings Point, NY. We were on a simulator of a ship, navigating through the Persian Gulf, and three Navy SEALs came in and stormed the bridge as if they were pirates, with fake guns, yelling at us, telling us to get down on the deck - it really got the heartbeat going. That taught us how to The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

respond if the pirates come aboard and are on the bridge with you or are face to face with you or any of your crew: you just give them what they want, open the safe, give them money, or whatever, "take it and leave, please." As soon as they have killed somebody, or shot somebody, the rules change completely. You expect them to just take the money and leave, but if they don't, that's when having the weapons would be helpful.

In the Straits of Gibraltar, which they figured was an easy terrorist point, there's no piracy there, per se, the worry is more about terrorism. We had escort vessels and aircraft going through Gibraltar. Quite often it would be a US Navy destroyer in the lead or Spanish, since Spain was right nearby, and a gunboat on either side, and then we'd have another small one behind us, airplanes or helicopters flying around overhead.

BE - It must have deterred the terroristsDJ - I felt more like it brought attention to us. It's like when the Coast Guard escorts ships here in the river; it brings a lot more attention to you.

BE - Were you required to go during the daytime?

DJ - It was always done during the daytime there. If you were on a schedule, then you'd end up waiting off Gibraltar all night until the morning to go through.

For us it didn't matter because we were chartered to the Navy carrying military equipment, but if I was a commercial ship I wouldn't want to lose the time.

BE- You've talked about where you pretty much knew where the pirates were, and now where would you say pirates are?

DJ - West Africa has always been a hot spot. Somalia's the absolute worst right now, some areas of South America. I don't know ifl'd consider them pirates The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No . 2

as much because they're not attacking ships that are in transit on the high seas, they're getting them in port. In the United States you sometimes get thieves that go on ships in port and steal things, so I would call that more thievery. On a lot of these ships the captain has a considerable amount of money in the safe for payroll, sometimes in upwards of $50,000.00, and typically the thieves would get onboard, get the captain, and make him open the safe, tie him up and leave. The ship's crew wouldn't even know it until the next morning when the captain doesn't show up for breakfast.

That was the level of piracy, even through the Straits of Malacca, until recent years. Somalia has really ramped things up by stealing ships and holding crews hostage. That went on somewhat in the Philippines and Indonesia with smaller ships but mostly not; mostly it was get the cash out of the safe and go. There was kind of a famous case in Houston where that happened to an American ship and they killed a crewmember. For those ofus on the ship, whether you call it thievery or piracy, it's the same thing: thugs coming aboard trying to rob you, and risk your safety.

BE - And so now it's ramped up, it's not just taking the money from the safeDJ - Now they're taking the whole ship and holding it ransom. I'm really amazed the Saudi's didn't get a lot more militarily involved when the pirates took that Saudi Arabian tanker recently. The pirates had that for better than a month; a loaded tanker held hostage anchored off Somalia.

I'm not surprised about the crews. Quite often they'll let them sit as hostages for a while. But that much oil sitting there cost the owners a lot of money. They paid the ransom for it and got the ship back. That's a fairly new thing - taking big ocean going ships and holding them hostage.

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AREA OF OPERATION OF SUSPECTED PIRATES INCREASING Piracy Alert for June 2009 for the coast of Somalia. http://www.icc-ccs.org

It appears that the pirates are now attacking ships off the entire coast of Somalia. All Masters are alerted that the pirates are extending their area of operation into the Bab al Mandab Straits, southern Red Sea and the Arabian Sea (off Oman). A general cargo ship has been hijacked off the coast of Oman while six incidents have been reported in the Bab el Mandab Straits in 24 hours.

Incidents in the Gulf of Aden have mostly occurred in the vicinity around 12 I 14 degrees north and 046 I 053 degrees east.

Other areas of attacks include, in the north Red Sea/ Bab al Mandeb Straits and Arabian Sea/ (off Oman). Pirates are firing automatic weapons and rocket propelled grenades in an attempt to intimidate the master and board and hijack the vessels.

Pirates are also attacking ships very far off the eastern and southern coast of Somalia. Vessels are advised to keep more than 600 nm from the coastline.

All ships are advised to monitor warnings broadcast by the IMB PRC. The warnings will also include the description of the pirate skiffs and/or pirate mother vessels and other details if available. Early assessment / detection will allow ships to take evasive measures to prevent boarding and request for assistance To ensure stray bullets do not hit and injure or kill, crew are advised to remain inside the accommodation away from all bulkheads. Further crew are advised to keep fire fighting appliances in a state of readiness at all times in order to fight any fires which may break out due to the firing.

Attention is drawn to the fact that most of the skiffs are either blue or white in colour and of wooden construction. These colours are very difficult to distinguish especially with the sun reflecting off the surface of the water. Being low in the water makes it very difficult to distinguish them on the Radar. The need to maintain a proper look out cannot be stressed enough.

Intelligence sources revealed that there are a number of suspicious vessels in the Gulf of Aden believed to be pirate mother vessels looking to attack ships with the intent to hijack.

The description of some of the suspected pirate mother ships are as follows - long white, Russian made stem trawlers with names "BURUM OCEAN or ARENA or ATHENA".

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BE - Do you know how much the ransom was?

DJ - No I don't, but it was in the millions, and for somebody in Somalia to have millions of dollars, that's a big deal.

The stealing of the ships in the Indonesian area wasn't so much for ransom.

They would take those ships and have a dummy set of ship's papers, paint out the name and run the ship around under a different name, and steal the cargoes.

They'd go in with a false name on the

ship and load the cargo and then offload it in some little cove. They'd do maybe three or four cargoes with the ship, until people started getting wise, and then they'd abandon that vessel and go steal another one.

BE- You haven't really talked about how the pirates or thieves get onboard.

DJ - In the Singapore/Indonesia area typically they'd have a grappling hook with a rope that would go through a hollowed out bamboo pole and they'd just lift the grappling hook on the handrail, slide the pole The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

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off the rope and then they could climb up the rope.

BE - And nobody would hear that?

DJ -That's why they didn't throw the grappling hook.

BE - Some of those poles must have been pretty long.

DJ - When you watch the ships go by here you can see some where the freeboard is low and it's easy to climb up and some where the frceboard is really high.

The big container ships aren't so worried about piracy because nobody can climb up that high. Container ships are also faster and consequently aren't worried about piracy near as much as a small freighter that's loaded down deep and easy to climb up. You know as we climb on the ships with pilot ladders, some of these loaded freighters come out and you get on the ladder from the pilot boat and it's only two or three steps and you're up.

So when you're sailing through waters with risks from piracy you think of that is your ship loaded, is it easy to climb up, and they're more likely to attack than if it's empty and it's a higher climb. When it's loaded deep then you take more precautions.

BE - So that's still the only way for them to get on is some sort of hook or ladder.

DJ - Oh no, it's almost always grappling hook or a rope. I'm not sure how they got onboard the Maersk Alabama, to be honest, but its hooks and ladders, and knotted ropes.

BE - You've mentioned the Maersk Alabama a couple of times, what else can you tell us about it from your perspective?

DJ - That was a fairly unique situation.

Off Somalia they'd taken ships and held crews hostage many times, but that was an American flagged ship so that was a The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

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first for us. The pirates weren't able to take the ship. The crew locked themselves inside the ship, basically inside the engine room, so the pirates couldn't get to them.

They got onboard but they couldn't take the ship into port so that made the situation unique.

BE - They weren't able to get up to the bridge?

DJ - I think they got up to the bridge but there was only the captain and maybe one other person there, maybe two people, I don't know- the rest of the crew was locked in the engine room. So they got up there but they weren't able to take control of the ship and couldn't get hold of the crew from there. I think the pirates showed a little inexperience there too because they took the captain off the ship where had they kept him onboard they probably could have forced the captain into compliance. It was unique in the fact that they didn't get control of the ship, and they took the captain off as a hostage.

Typically, they take the whole ship and the crew remains hostage on the ship. And then of course it was unique because the US Navy was involved in getting the ship back.

BE - Were there some lessons learned from that?

DJ - There were. The crew did what we're all trained to do, lock the ship; lock the crew members in a safe space in the center of the ship so that the pirates can't get to them. Another precaution they had on that ship - which a lot of ships with low freeboard have sailing through pirate waters - is they built a cage which looks like the bars in a zoo between the ship's accommodation and the cargo space so that if the pirates get onboard, they can't get to the accommodation. A lesson 13

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Suspected Somali pirates.

Photo courtesy of US Navy. http://www.cusnc.navy. mil/photos/2008.html

learned there is that the padlock didn't hold up to the bullet that the pirates shot at it and they walked right on through.

Now they have to figure out how to secure that door better, that's one lesson learned. If they hadn't gotten through the door they couldn't have done anything.

BE - Do all ships have that now, is that something new?

DJ - No. I wouldn't say it's new but it's most common on small container ships with low freeboard that are easy to board.

It still boils down to money and profits for the owners. If they think there is a higher risk for a specific ship then they are going to take more actions to prevent it.

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BE - So is there anything else that the crew did right or should have done differently perhaps?

DJ - They learned some lessons that they shared afterwards. They went into the engine room and locked themselves in, and turned the lights off. The pirates were afraid of walking around in the dark because they didn't know who was going to jump out from behind something.

Unfortunately most ships are designed for safety, not for piracy, and when you tum off the lights, the emergency lights come on. So there were some emergency lights that came on automatically and they didn't have an easy way to tum those off. They know how to tum those off now as well.

They locked a lot of the crew in a steel portion of the steering gear room of the engine room and they learned that they should have a water tap in there so they can have a water tank. You don't know how long you're going to have to stay in there so sooner or later you're going to The QuarterDeck, Vo/_ 35 No. 2

have to come out and get something to drink. They learned that lesson as well.

Locking the crew inside in a dark space is the best thing you can do, and that was the reason they survived the ordeal.

BE - You' ve talked some about the kind of ships that would be easy targets, could you elaborate a little?

DJ - Ones with easy access, the ones they expect to get more money out of, either ransom-wise or from cash out of the safe.

A little coastal shuttle freighter that's running from Kenya to Mozambique, or something like that, is not likely to have much cash onboard and the owners are more likely to give it up instead of pay a ransom. American ships, or a Saudi Arabian oil tanker, are perceived as high value ships and the owners are more likely to pay the ransom. They also consider how easy it is to get onboard. That Saudi Arabian tanker, it was a huge ship, 300,000 tons I think, but it was loaded deep so it was easy to climb up on and it was slow.

Fast container ships aren't going to be as easy.

BE - So what do you mean by "fast?"

DJ - Twenty knots or better.

BE - Can't some of those fast boats keep up with something like that?

DJ -They can but there's a lot more wake alongside the ship so there's a lot more bouncing around and it makes it a much trickier business. One thing we would do is just change course. You wouldn't know if there was a pirate alongside or not or one eyeballing you, but if you changed course randomly, they don't want to be alongside. A fast, empty ship can do that quicker than a deeply loaded ship.

BE - What about AIS (Automatic Identification System) to locate and identify ships?

The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No . 2

DJ - I don't know that the pirates are using it, there's concern about terrorists utilizing the technology, but I don't know that the pirates are, they might be. The mother ships certainly are using it, and the AIS transmits not only the ship's name and its exact position but also its country of registry, so if they want to get an American ship, here you're saying "I'm an American ship and here's where I am."

It makes it much easier for the mother ship to get close and send over the smaller boats to attack.

BE - That's what they 're using now, they 're 300 miles offshore with these mother ships with the small boats that they can send out to take the ship?

DJ - Right. And the odds are there is an AIS receiver on the mother ship so they can know what's around them. The exception is the Navy ships, they don't transmit on AIS. So the pirates won't know if a Navy ship's nearby or not. When I sailed through those waters, I would just tum off the AIS, which you're not supposed to do, but we'd tum it off anyway. Once in a while we'd get somebody complaining over the radio that our AIS wasn't on, but you'd just ignore them.

BE - The reason for having your AIS on is so other ships know what?

DJ -It's for navigation safety. The main reason for AIS is so you know who's around you. The AIS not only transmits data it will show the AIS position on your radar and electronic charting system so it's easier for collision avoidance. Some countries, like the United States, are trying to use AIS to identify all the ships that are coming into a port to prevent a terrorist ship from coming in. I personally think that the terrorist ship, if they wanted to, would tum theirs off too.

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BE - Does piracy in those areas around the world have an effect on any of the ships that come and go in the Columbia River?

DJ - The ships coming in here, a lot of them, do sail through pirate waters. I think any ship that sails internationally has had some experience sailing through pirate waters and will again. It's part of doing business on merchant ships. I did have one US grain ship sail, just within the last month. They were on their way through Singapore to Bangladesh and their company put aboard this huge loudspeaker. It was probably three feet in diameter and it looked just like a big round dish. It would put out such a high intensity noise that it would actually injure eardrums. If a pirate was coming they wouldn't have to shoot at them with weapons, they'd point this loudspeaker at them and blast them.

BE - How many crew were on your ship usually?

DJ - We would have 18 to 19 people aboard the ship. A third of them were sleeping because they're on watch, and another third would have jobs they're doing, so it was actually kind of a hardship for us to always have a gangway watch to make sure only the people who were supposed to coming aboard were coming aboard. But if you only had three people working on deck and you had to have one of them standing on gangway watch it was a lot harder to work cargo. Some ports required you to hire a security guard for the gangway. Quite often this was helpful, but then you have to trust that security guard that you don't know and probably doesn't speak your language.

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ethics now. I don't know ifthere was any code of ethics in the past either. Maybe, when you're talking about privateers, those who were sanctioned to act against others by their governments, you could say they had a code of ethics to follow. I guess it depends on whether you're doing the attacking or being attacked, whether you consider them pirates.

BE - And today, there aren't any countries that are sanctioning pirates?

DJ - Probably not, but like I mentioned earlier, Indonesia had that reputation. In the South of China there were reports that actual Chinese Navy gunboats and unifonned Chinese Navy personnel would come out for an inspection and then they'd rob you. That was a situation where they were so underpaid they had to figure out another way to make money. Whether that was government sanctioned or just some rogue sailors that found a side job, it's hard to say. When they start using actual Navy gunboats you have to hold the government accountable in some way. I have a whole lot of stories about stowaways but we can save that for another time. •

To see a live map of active attempted pirate attacks visit: http://www.icc-ccs.org/

BE- Do modem pirates have a similar "Code of Ethics" to those purported by pirates of the past?

DJ - I don't think there's any code of The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

Museum Celebrates Volunteers The Columbia River Maritime Museum thanks and appreciates the many volunteers who donate their time, energy and skills to the Museum. We appreciate our volunteers every day, but April is especially sweet as it is "Volunteer Appreciation Month."

This year our volunteers had the opportunity to participate in the "Passport Program." This noteable program was an opportunity for volunteers to visit other participating organizations from around the state. By showing their volunteer identification, volunteers were admitted free of charge. Hearing about the adventures and travel that volunteers found themselves on was a treat.

During Volunteer Appreciation Month we reserve one special evening to gather together to celebrate volunteers and the accomplishments from the previous year.

This year our evening started with a silent auction. Instead of cash volunteers used the hours they worked in 2008 to bid on items. Area businesses and community members were very generous in their donations and the variety of items made it fun for all.

This evening really highlighted how fortunate we are to have such wonderful volunteers. You enrich the Museum, our lives, and the lives of our visitors. We would not be the same without you. Thank you so much for your time and continued support. We appreciate you and you have given us much to celebrate!

-Janna Smith, Volunteer Coordinator New volunteers in 2008: Bonnie Buchanan Peggy and Steve Dawson Thomas Dickerson LuAnne Farrar Bruce Gerber Normandie Hand Connie Kobes Susan Preston The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

Deb Pyle Dorothea Schellenberger Steve Skinner Doris Swenson Cynthia Svensson New volunteers in the first quarter of2009 Daryl Cleveland Katie Erickson Stan Pine Douglas Rich Charlotte Thiringer James Woods Donald Wright Volunteers who worked over 100 Hours in 2008 Chris Bennett Carol Moore KristyAnn Chamberlain Larry Nordholm Dave Bennett John Rekart Kenny Ginn Melissa Yowell Ed Steve Pat McDonald Steve Johnson Al Olson Bill Williams Steve Skinner Bob Carson Dorothea Schellenberger Bob Chamberlin Earl Philpott Gene Mellott Cumulative"300 Hour" pin Bob Carson Cumulative"500 Hour" pin Chris Bennett Cumulative 1,000 Hours of service and has been added to the 1,000 hour plaque Al Olson Cumulative 2,000 Hours of service Earl Philpott Special Awards to volunteers from staff Bob Carson for his computer expertise Dorothea Schellenberger for extraordinary office/phone support Marlene VanderPool for sewing a magnificent Sea otter costume Steve Skinner and Ken Charters, the "Age of Exploration Duo" Helen King for her continued commitment and wonderful Lightship talks Anne Morden for her dedication to Family and Youth Programs

Thank you to the following businesses who showed their support to community volunteers and helped us to appreciate our volunteers with a special Silent Auction: Columbia Housewarmers Duffy's Fine Confections ABECO The Sweet Spot Bakery Rusty Cup Geno's Hallmark Inns & Resorts Lum's Auto Center Bornstein Seafoods Union Town Fish Market Vince Williams Suzuki River Sea Gallery Lewis & Clark National Park Association Hayward's Ocean Crest Astoria Ford, Inc Wells Fargo Peter Pan Market Purple Cow Toys Bridgewater Bistro F/V Sonja Cannery Pier Hotel Columbia River Maritime Museum Store

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News and Notes Betsey Ellerbroek, Education Director, reads a book to the Museum Mates class before they explore the exhibits and work on crafts.

Museum Staff: Pat Alles Blue Anderson Celerino Bebeloni Ron Becerra Linda Bowen Ann Bronson Lee Clinton Betsey Ellerbroek Bob Hagen HelenHonl Kathy Johnson Sam Johnson Arline LaMear David Pearson Nathan Sandel Hampton Scudder Cheryl Silverblatt Jeff Smith Janna Smith Steve Swenson Patric Valade Jackie Welborn

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New Preschool Program at Museum Museum Mates is the newest program developed by the Education Department. Monday mornings this winter and spring provided a special opportunity for youngsters ages two to five to hear stories, explore the Museum, participate in hands-on activities, and create works of art to take home. Each Monday focused on a new topic for the children to explore. Meant to provide experiences for child and parent, adults jumped right in to assist their child with craft activities, experiments, and games.

No time to get bored with this fastpaced program! During the focus on whales, children made whale puppets, handled whale teeth and bones, and simulated both baleen whale and toothed whale feeding using combs and tongs.

Another morning tugboats were the topic for discussion. Youngsters watched a Theodore Tugboat episode, played in the wheelhouse exhibit in the Great Hall,

and made wooden tugboats to take home.

Experimenting with items that floated and sank was a favorite activity after listening to the story entitled, "Who Sank the Boat."

Pirates turned out to be the most popular day for Museum Mates. The children took turns to raise the pirate flag on the plaza flagpole. Then each child made their very own pirate hat before going on a treasure hunt throughout the Museum. Following clues that were hidden in different galleries the "pirates" worked together to locate the treasure and split the booty.

Museum Mates begins again Monday, October 5th at 9:30. This program is free to Museum members and free with paid admission for nonmembers.

The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

Museum Calendar Re-Visioning This Place: Chinookan Communities on the Lower Columbia River Saturday, September 19 10:30 - 3:30 PM Imagine a time when Chinookan communities dominated the landscape, canoes plied the Columbia River and its tributaries, and the Chinook controlled trade into the interior. In the nineteenth century, canoes connected the Chinookan people to a complex world of trade through the coast's many estuaries and rivers, and became renowned worldwide for their beauty and craftsmanship. With canoes as a focus, family friendly presentations

by Native and non-native historians will provide insight into the role the Chinook played in early international trade. A traditional canoe will be on display outside the museum.

Opening ceremonies begin at 10:30 AM, followed by presentations and family activities. Historian, archaeologist, and author, Ken Ames, will discuss historically significant but altered communities along the Columbia River. Chinook Nation members, Sam Robinson and Charlie Funk, will introduce visitors to traditional and contemporary Chinookan culture. The event includes carving demonstrations, singing and drumming. Children's activities include hands-on crafts to take home.

This program is sponsored by the Center for Columbia River History with the Columbia River Maritime Museum through a grant from the Oregon Council for the Humanities. For a complete schedule of activities, view www.crmm.org or www.ccrh.org.

The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

The Archaeology of Shipwrecks State Archaeologist Dr. Dennis Griffin Saturday, October 24 2:30 PM

The Archaeology of Shipwrecks: Plotting a course between the publics interest in shipwrecks and treasure trove. Dennis Griffin, State Archaeologist with the State Historic Preservation Office in Salem, will speak about the importance of shipwrecks to archaeology and their relevance to Oregon. Griffin's presentation will include many shipwrecks including the appearance of Spanish galleons off the coast to the many shipwrecks that have surfaced recently. Updates regarding these latest uncovered wrecks will be highlighted.

Staff Notes • The Museum has named David Pearson as Deputy Director. Pearson, past Curator of the Museum, has been with the Museum for 14 years.

• The Museum has also named Jeffrey Smith as Curator of the Columbia River Maritime Museum. Jeff has worked for the Museum for over a decade in the Curatorial Department.

The QuarterDeck Volume 35, No. 2 Summer 2009 The QuarterDeck is published by the Columbia River Maritime Museum, 1792 Marine Drive, Astoria, Oregon 97103.

Tel: (503)325-2323 Fax: (503)325-2331 www.crmm.org Editor: David Pearson Editorial Staff: Sam Johnson Blue Anderson Lee Clinton Betsey Ellerbroek Cheryl Silverblatt Jeff Smith Printed by Printgraphics Beaverton, Oregon

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Annual Donors The Columbia River Maritime Museum is grateful for the significant contributions of each individual listed.

This list reflects the names of our annual donors as of June 30, 2009.

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ADMIRAL ($5,000) Robert M. Drucker Kay North COLUMBIA RIVER SOCIETY ($1,000 up) AIMCO Bank of Astoria George & Patty Beall John & Justie Braestrup Peter J. Brix Bruce & Lynn Buckmaster Gerry & Marilyn Cameron Bob & Barbara Canessa Geraldine Chisholm Bob & Margaret Chopping Christensen Shipyards, LTD. Terry & Elizabeth Clifford Ward & Lois Cook Diversified Marine, Inc. Franklin & Harriet Drake Tom & Cindy Dulcich Dale & Linda Farr Bill & Theresa Farrens Fishhawk Fisheries Fred & Suzanne Fields Del & Cheri Folk Al Goudy Michael & Melissa Haglund Halton Company John & Dori Hart Don & Carol Haskell Marcella L. Hatch Robert Hauke & Marilynn Knowlson Donald & Anna Hughes Senator Betsy Johnson Tidewater Barge Russell & Linda Keizer James & Inez Kirker Ken & Dean Kim Lou & Mary Ann Larson H. Kirke Lathrop III Rod & Lynne Leland Lindblad Expeditions Don & Roni Magnusen Melvin Mark Jr. Jim & Kay Mcclaskey Prudence Miller Edith H. Miller Jerry Ostermiller & Lynne Johnson Dave & Marcy Phillips Roger & Katy Qualman

Thron Riggs & Betsey Ellerbroek Mike & Julie Sorkki June Spence Charles & Caroline Swindells US Bank - Astoria Branch Gerald Warnock Samuel C. Wheeler CAPTAIN ($1,000) William & Nancy Blount Dorothy I. Boyle Roland Brusco Dave & Mary Christensen Mary Clark Robert & Leona DeArmond W. Dennis & Pat Hall Libby Holden Michael & Jennifer Jacobi Eliot H. Jenkins Larry & Shirley Perkins Don & Molly Ziessler Columbia River Bar Pilots NAVIGATOR ($500) Stephen M. Andersen Wesley & Beverly Anderson Jim & Betty Branson Richard & Judith Bressler John & Margaret Christie Dan L. Evans Dan Gibbs Edmund & Sis Hayes Elnora Hertig Hood River Distillers Michael & Inness Jackson Kenneth & Deborah Novack William & Suzanne Rempfer Russell & Kathleen Rottiers Lewis & Jeanne Scott Sundial Travel Service Henry T. Swigert Joseph P. Tennant Jay & Diane Zidell PILOT ($250) Ken & Joan Austin Dave & Jackie Backman Anne Barbey Barry & Vickie Barrett John & Joanne Bastian Robert & Carolyn Bishop Harvey N . Black, Jr. Jacob & Mary Bowser Nicholas & Patricia Brower

Don & Sue Buhman Natalie Cellars Richard & Joan Charlton Bill Chisholm Gail Collins & Nancy Hakala Sam & Ann Dunkin F. Davis Finch Ron & Linda Ford Robert Forster Lylla & Jim Gaebel Rick & Cathy Gardner Charles Garman William & Mary Gavin Jr. John & Peggy Goodenberger Jerry & Marilyn Gustafson Michael & Elizabeth Hayward Jean Irwin Hoffman Ellsworth & Leonoor Ingraham ILWU Local 21 Dave & Karen Johnson Loren & Julia Johnson Donald & Marilyn Kessler Eldon Korpela Gary & Donna Larsen Adam & Val Lopez Sally Mannex Marshall D. McCollum & Marilyn Tate David & Anne Myers John & Diana Nelson James Nelson Martin Nygaard Michael & Diane O'Meagher Kenneth & Jean Parks Sandy Patterson Peter & Anna Quinn Richard Reiten Daniel & Patricia Richard Robert & Anne Richardson Capt. Lonny & Yvonne Rodgers Capt. Jeffrey & Linda Salfen Jordan Schnitzer Hazel M. Sealy Hugh & Carol Seppa Ron & Mary Sherriffs George & Elisabeth Skou William T.C. & Cornelia Stevens Jill K. Storey Ken & Roberta Jo Glenn Tetz Peter & Carolyn Troedsson Roger & Florence Truax Theodore Weller John Whittlesey & Peggy Anet Gai Williams The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

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David I. Williams Ted & Carol Zell BOATSWAIN ($125) Edward & Julia Ann Allen Crystal Anderson & Ann Wilson Victor & Dolores Atiyeh Alfred A. Aya Jr. Ray & Candy Bagley Ernest & Virginia Barrows Dan & Susan Bartlett Frank A. Bauman David & Mary Becker Chris & Dave Bennett Darryl Bergerson Max & Judy Bigby Mr. Kent Birdeno Ronald Bline Joyce Bondietti Henry & Trudy Boyd J.B. Brandt Dan & Jill Brown Muriel Bruning Gene Buell Albert & Barbara Bullier James D. Burke Barbara A. Campbell Jim & Judy Capellen Ken Charters & Julie Werner Margaret J. Christenson James & Jean Clune Samuel & Esther Cochran Rick & Ardie Coleman David & Susan Corkill David & Janeice Crawford Glen Cross & Margaret Simmons-Cross Robert W. Cummings Jean W. Curry Norman & Jeannette Davis James & Liz Davis Lawrence & Teresa Dorr Steve & Laurie Drage Donna Mary Dukich Tom Duncan Robert Earle Richard & Jean Eckert Trudy Enke William & Ellen Farr LuAnne Farrar Ed & Charlotte Fearey Terry & Christine Finklein Bob & Sally Finzer D. Richard & Louise Fischer Victor & Kathryn Fox Mark & Margaret Freeman The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

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George Fulton Bette & John Gant Bennett & Patricia Gamer Dick & Janet Geary Evelyn Georges Kit J. Gillem & Deborah Horrell Robert & Sheryl Ginn Rae Goforth Susie Goldsmith & Bill Verner Don & Renee Gustafson Jane & Larry Harris J. Carmoreau & Carroll Hatier Skip & Sara Hauke Daniel Hawken Patricia P. Hemingway Bill Henningsgaard Blair Henningsgaard & Paula Brownhill Thome & Claudia Hilts Eric Hoffman Robert & Jacqueline Holland James & Anne Holtz John Hopkins & Christine Lolich Victor & Mary Lee Horgan Joe & Teresa Hubbell Dwayne & Marjorie Huddleston Molly Hunter James & Dixie Jarvis Robert W. Johnson Harold Johnson E.M. Jones Daniel & Mona Jordan Alfredo & Heather Julian Helen King Frederick & Anne Kingery Peter & Anne Koerner Larry & Barbara Kunz Joseph & Carol Lambert Charlotte Langsev Helena & Milton Lankton Ronald & Charlene Larsen Richard & Beverly Laurion Jo & Judy Leahy Marcus & Cindy Lester Philip D. Lively F. Warren & June Lovell Mary Lovvold Mildred E. Luoma Steve & Jean Mann Paula Marineau Elizabeth Martin Philip R . Mason Paul & Sally McCracken Donald & Edith McDaniel Gene & Janet Mellott John & Veronika Mewha

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Arthur & Laurie Dolan Jim & Patty Dougherty Joe & Lucille Easley Susan Edgar Kathleen Edgar Mickey & Yvonne Edwards Phyllis Edy & Jack Grey William & Kay Elder Jon & Mary Jean Englund Robert & Clovia Erickson Jan Faber & Vicki Baker Scott & Judy Farleigh William & Barbara Farmer Al Feringa & Pennye Hart-Feringa Richard & Margaret Field Maryla Fitch Tom & Linda Freel Lanny & Kathy Freeman Joan M. Gamble James & Marilyn Gilbaugh Kenny Ginn John & Susan Glen Henry Glick Ann Goldeen & Barry Sears Ron & Verna Gray Randy & Jill Hack Carol Hahn Gary & Jana Hall Donald G. Hall Rosemary C. Hallin Mike & Julie Hanson Jonathan & Deirdre Harms Timothy & Kathryn Haslach Mahlon & Joyelyn Heller Donald & Edith Helligso Joseph & Jean Herman Curtis Hill & Juanita Nye Scott & Mary Hinsdale Mel & Bea Hirahara Chris & Jennifer Holen Robert Holtzclaw & Roberta Ferrero James & Ruth Hope Henry & Annabelle Houser Bernal & Cathie Hutt Melvin & Alice Iverson John & Merilyn Jensen Jeffery & Kristin Johnson Edward J. Johnson Dick & Pat Johnson Tony & Sarah Johnson Raymond & Margaret Johnson

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Roger Jolma & Rebecca Fisher James & Judy Keane Patrick & Lori Kearney Jack & Jane Keeler Mike & Linda Killion Tony & Anne Kischner Greta Klungness & Chris Paasch Herb & Marilyn Kottler John Krumbein Mr. Claude Kurtz Dorothy A. Labiske T.J. Lackner Cliff & Arline LaMear Harold Lampi Robert & Janet Larkin Mike & Lyda Larsen Cliff & Dana Larson William Lawrence Warren & Dorothy Leback Richard & Lynda Lee Michael & D. Tait Lemeshko Edith Leslie Bill Lind & Gin Laughery Charles & Alene Linehan Roy & Bonnie Little John & Patricia Lorimer Mary Lovell Allan Maki Joan Mann Steve & Debbie Mansfield Josh Marquis & Cynthia Price Kent & Irene Martin Warren & Jean Mattson Kenneth & Alice Merrill Raymond & Kathleen Merritt Chuck & Sara Meyer Amo Michaelis Ron Micjan & Ashley Paterson Robert & Dorothy Miles Don & Barbara Miller William & Wanda Milwee Myron & Corrine Molnau Don & Anne Morden Gary & Roberta Muehlberg Toivo & Shirley Mustonen Lloyd & Rebecca Newhouse Walter & Karen Novak Darren & Misty O'Brien Wayne & Betty Olmscheid T.K. & Joyce Olson Adella Orwick Fredrick & Virginia Ostling William & Carolyn Owens Denzel Page & Dorothy Martin Bill Paschall Sheryl Patterson

Richard & Myrtle Paulsen Mike & Tammy Payne Larry & Jean Petersen Butch & Tronni Petersen Esther & Rick Pettersen Earl & Alice Philpott Stan & Martha Pine John C. Porter Pat & Susan Preston Ronald & Lee Ragen Charles & Carol Ray Patricia M. Reese Bob & Pauline Reiter Glenn & Peggy Riddervold Terrance & Celeste Rymer Ida Schauer H. Elaine Schmitt Allan & Heidi Schumacher Gale & Beverly Scobie Paul Seamons & Dee Vadnais John & Joan Shipley Colleen Simonsen & Jan Ferguson Ryan & Stephanie Snyder Donald & Joan Stephenson Ed Steve Paul D. Stull Ray & Patricia Sullivan John & Cynthia Svensson Steve & Doris Swenson George & Martha Talbott Ronald & Deborah Taylor Margie Thompson Michael & Denise Tierney Celia Tippit & Bill Williams David & Linda Tozer James & Mary Trofitter Don & Meredith Tuschoff Daniel & Carol Van Dusen Jerry & Marlene VanderPool Susanna von Reibold Judith E. Walker Waverlie & John Warila Michael & Mary Warren Carol Welch Robert & Nancy Wells Bob & Aletha Westerberg Scott Whiteford Norman & Becky Whitten Russ & Karen Wilkins Gordon & Carol Wolfgram Jeannette Zamon William & Charlotte Zimmerman CREW ($50) Rodger & Carol Adams Mike & Tami Aho

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Jerry & Mary Lee Alderman Karen Allston Harold & Nancy Allsup Sarah Alsbury David Amey Ernest & Judith Atkinson Charles & Diane Awalt Dr. & Mrs. Roger D. Aydt Robert & Anita Baker Joe & Gwynn Bakkensen Doug & Cecilia Balcomb Barbara Balensifer Philip & Ann Bales Richard & Victoria Banik Stanley & Lois Barber Douglas & Cheryle Barker Cindy Barlow & Paul Mason Todd & Betty Barnes Thomas & Judy Barnett Fred & Pat Barnum Vernon & Carol Barth Robert & Trix Bartlett Harold & Mary Barton Michael & Mary Ann Barton Alan & Nancy Lee Batchelder Todd & Lori Bauman Glen Bay Ike & Kathleen Bay Norman & Marion Benke Dan & Linda Berger James & Cherie Bernard Mr. & Mrs. S. S. Berry Daryl & Carole Birney James & Sue Bisio Ann Black Dennis & Kathy Blaine Philip & Nettie Blair Robert W. Blake Russell & Susan Boedeker John & Nancy Bosch Lloyd & Janet Bowler Merlin & Martha Bowman John & Colleen Boynton Colleen Brainerd Robert & Carol Brandel Don & Glenda Braun Chuck & Mary Briggs Robert & Marjorie Brockey Wanda M.R. Brooks Richard & Lani Brown Troy & Rebecca Brugh Huston & Elizabeth Bunce John Bunnell Thomas Burgess & Rosalyn Edelson Carole Burgher Dianne & Adrian Burkard The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

Steve & Karen Burke Robert Burkholder & Cindi Rice John S. Burlingham B .L. Buschlen Mary C. Butler John & Betty Caldwell Michael Call Robert & Virginia Callahan W.D. & Virginia Cameron Ken & Joan Campbell Kathy & Jeff Carlson Mr. & Mrs. Andrew D. Carlson Dr. & Mrs. Michael Carlson Don & Pat Cassady Bob Chamberlin Sam Chan Connie Chester Alice Codd Patricia Colaizzi & Mike Abrams Harry & Yvonne Comins Thomas & Laurie Connolly Carol Cook Kaye Mulvey & Les Cowan Dan & Jo Crockett Kenton & Kathleen Cruzan Donald N. Dackins Curtis & Honora Dahl Joyle C. Dahl Neil & Carolyn Davidson Ken & Marci Davis Melissa Davis Quentin Davis Steve & Peggy Dawson Edward & Miyoko Delanty Thom & Susan Dickerson James E. Dickson Raymond A. Dodge Russell & Marsha Donaldson Kevin Dooney Howard & Francine Downey Steve Dubb Stephen & Nancy Dudley Toby Dyal Mark & Lora Eckstine Molly H. Edison Gerry & Susan Elston Warren & Cheryl Evans John Fagan & Jo Ann Reese Marrene R. Fish Donald & Ruth Fiske David & Beth Fitch Sean & Anne Fitzpatrick Herb & Tami Florer Robert & Roberta Flynn Lance Ford & Mary Jansma Doug & Myrna Forney TheQuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

Vernon & Nancy Fowler Bob & Mary Frame Michael R. Frank Randy Frank & Family Walter & Joean Fransen Robert & Janet Gannaway Joe Garrison & Iris Sullivan William & Kay Garvin Dave & Vicki Gasser Frank & Carolyn Glenn Guy & Carolyn Glenn Larry Goza Peter & Christina Grauff George & Helena Graves Mike Green & Wendy Doman David & Donna Green Bill & Janet Greenlaw G. Joseph & Mary Gregory Bill Griesar & Bob Duehmig John & Alta Griffoul Chris Gustafson Dennis & Sharon Hale William & Eloise Hanable Kenny & Melanie Hansen Richard & Frances Hansen Lenard & Cynthia Hansen Brian & Susan Hardin Maria & Chuck Harris George & Jean Harrison Russ & Susan Harvey Travis & Juli Hedrick Katherine Hellberg Michael Henningsen, Jr. Joel & Margaret Hernandez Gregory & Nancy Higgins Don & Terrie Hillgaertner Ami & Jeremy Hirsch John Hodge Donald & Nancy Hoff Rich & Nancy Hoffman John & Donna Holmstedt Craig & Jolene Hoppes Merlin & Geri Humpal Art & Margaret Hyland Janice !hander Gene & Billie Itzen Donald & Glenda Ivanoff Bob & Barbara Ivey Richard K. Jackson Dolph & Francis Jaeger Bruce & Rita Jamieson Robert Jarvis & Elizabeth Mannarino Edward Jenkins Richard & Christine Jesser Rod & Romney Johanson Curt & Rosemary Johnson

Troy & Lori Johnson Sheila Johnson John Kairala John & Sandra Kalander Gilbert & Annette Kamara Robert & Rosann Karby Arthur & Virginia Kayser Steve & Adrieanna Keever Donald & Mary Keigher Matthew & Stacie Kelley Korte M. Kelso Jane R. Kendall Donna & Louis Kennedy, Jr. Karen Kenyon & Ralph Wirfs Edward & Mary Ann Kerber Richard & Mary Kettelkamp Richard Kirkland Gary & Connie Kobes Morris & JoAnn Komedal Marvin & Mary Ann Krueger J. David Kruger Chandra LaCost & Kristin Heil Kenneth & Esther Lampi Lowell & Shirley Wiley Marilyn Lane Charles & Carleen Lane Doug Larzelier & Susan Samek Herb & Bee Lay Michael & Lynda Leamy Dan & Karen Leedom C. Clark Leone Alberta & Jon Levy Morris & Carol Lillich Donald Link Lynette Litwin Bonnie Lively Robert Lockett John L. MacDaniels & Kathleen Pierce Jim & Grace Mack Murray MacNeill Marillyn Maher Pat & Mary Ann Manning Jack & Georgia Marincovich Nie & Kathy Marshall Wallace & Karen Martens H. Antonio Martinez & Kathy Mathews Joan Masat Michael & Petra Mathers Edward & Gloria Mathews Loran & Corleen Mathews Richard & Diane Matthews Victor & Lorene Mattila John & Burdette McClelland Mayumi & Kiyoko McCormick

Steve McCormick Lee & Paulette McCoy Richard & Jeanne McCoy Dale & Martha McGinty Michael & Jean McGonigle Kevin & Holly McHone Lorrie McLaughlin Elizabeth R. McMullen Charles & Pauline Mestrich Chris & Marlene Mestrich William & Esther Meyer Kevin & Nancy Miller Rod & Frances Dietrichs Miller Susan Miller LaVonne Milosevich Jack & Lucy Mitchem Gary & Shelby Mogenson Carol Moore Jeffrey Morey & Gail Harris Lydia & Tom Morisette Michael & Patricia Morrissey Darrell & Kathryn Murray David Lee & Alexandra Myers Dennis W. Nagasawa Gary & Suzanne Nelson Philip E. Nelson Virginia Nelson Walter & Eleanor Newberg Robert & Lisa Newby Robert R. Newstead Robert & Evelyn Nicklaus Christian & Julie Nielsen Niels & Helen Nielsen John & Janet Niemi Gary & Helen Niemi Larry Nordholm & Gayle Smelser Ronald Nordstrom Sheryl & Larry Ohler Robert & Mary Oja Robert Olds Jerry & Annie Oliver Al & Carol Olson Herbert D. Olson Virginia O'Neill Ted & Wendy Osborn Donald & Nancy Pachal Harvey & Janet Packard Ward & Doris Paldanius Ernie & Mary Palmrose Carl & Betty Paronen Jim & Jan Paschall

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Lee & Adrianne Peterson Martha & Lincoln Phillippi M. Diane Piippo Byron & Diane Pinkney George & Nancy Plant Brian & Tiffiny Ploghoft Barry & Lise Plotkin Richard & Marilyn Portwood Susan Povey Hutchison & Nancy Spaan John & Juanita Price Betsy Priddy Paul & Eileen Putkey John & Teresa Pylkki Paul & Loretta Radu Phil & Anita Raistakka Michael Ramsdell Gary & Geri Randles Valerie & Todd Ranta Nels & Winnie Rasmussen Brian & Tess Ratty Donald Raz & Terri Luken Douglas & Jeanne Rich Cliff & Sue Richard Susan Rick John & Polly Riutta Jeanette M. Riutta Jan & Irmin Roberts Alan Robitsch Roger Rocka & Janet Mitchell Dave & Tina Rogers Earl & Mary Rogness Bill Rosser & Karen Westrell Mary L. Rutherford Norman & Marta Saarheim Dean Safley Myron & Bonnie Salo R.E. Sandstrom John & Renate Sandstrom James & Margaret Santee Charles & Sandra Sarin Raymond & Estelle Scheetz Ben & Jamie Schluckebier David & Janet Schmelzer Steve & Janet Schneider Fred Schott Eric & Bridget Schumock Jim & Carol Servino Waldemar & Patricia Seton Harry L. Shaver Arnold & Genevieve Shotwell Steve & Patty Skinner Clifford R. Slowater

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Veronica Smith Malcom & Diane Smith Dawson & Linda Smith Barry & Sally Smith Evelyn Smith Rob W. Spear Jr. Douglas Sponseller Murray & Christine Stanley Sylvia Stephens Clifford Stephens & Becky Belangy William & Nina Stephenson Richard & Dorothy Stevens Gordon F.M. Stone, Jr. Jim & Mary Strickland Tom & Vickie Stringfield Dan & Melody Strite Gary & Ruth Sunderland David & Stacy Sundquist Dan & Kim Supple Michael & Barbara Swanson Bob & Gerry Swenson Glen & Judi Swift Leif & Marjorie Terdal Denny & Frankye Thompson Fay & Ann Thompson James & Jami Thurber Thane Tienson Mark & Lisa Tolonen Jerry & Margie Tomlinson Hans Tonjes & Olga Oleynikova Doug & Pat Tormey Sarah & Kim Townsend Debbie Twombly & Larry Moore Warren & Elinor Ulrich Susan Underwood Willis & Jan Van Dusen Duane & Connie Van Ess James & Joyce Van Hom Andrew & Beverly VanderPlaat Diana Yelder S. Frank & Jacqueline Viteznik Jack & Beverly Vonfeld Michael & Karin Vorwerk Ben & Robin Vose Kenneth & Louise Weaver Chuck & Sandie Weihe David & Karin Welsh Jack & Shelley Wendt Martin & Patricia West Jon W. Westerholm Mark & Laurie Whitham Darrel & LaLayne Whitmore Darren Wilcoxen Lowell & Shirley Wiley Bill & Mary Williams

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David & Dena Williams Patrick Willis & Julie Cleveland Jim & Rhonda Wills John & Ada Anne Wolcott Frank Wolfe & Kathleen Sayce Patrick & Suzanne Workman Nicholas & Virginia Zafiratos Clyde Zaidins & Monica Younger ENSIGN ($30) Denise Allen Alice Christy Ashley William Bader Elaine Bauer Emil Berg Carol Berger Peggy Boisvert Ronald J. Bolin C. Delmer Boman Margaret Bowerman Maureen A. Bradley Darryl C. Bullington Allison Campbell Cellars Jeff Canessa Robert Carr Marvin Chapman Ronald C. Collman John A. Cowan Nigel Cundy Robert W. Davis Dorothy Deacon Tammee Donaldson Dolores Ducich Wilson Durham Celestine Durham Janet Easley Stephen Emmons K. Ersley Linda Fenske Sylvia Jensen Fewel Paula Fisher Patricia M. Fletcher Pat Fuller E. Marie Gerttula John E. Goodenberger Karen Gray Normandie Hand Jan Hankerson Doug Hardy Edward F. Hargreaves Carla Harrell Patricia Hartle Blaine Hays Tammy Herdener Darryl Hodson Charles Holboke

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Susan Holway Philip Hubert Dudley C. Humphreys David R. Isaacs Charlotte Jackson Craig Johnson Robert K. Johnson Judy Johnson Jan Johnston Bob Kearney Mark A. Keyser Thomas Koch Kevin Kolb Eric Kosko Dan Larson Laura Leebrick D.B. Lewis Doug J. Lobaugh Nitin Marwah Tom McAllister Anne McDonald Neil McGinnis Katherine McPherson Ken McRae Dave Mochel Eva Moore Ronald Mowrey Jeff Murphy Carol Newman Edward A. Niemi Cheryl Nitz Brian Noble Bart Oja Lorraine Ortiz Jim Papp Joanna Pipes Helen Pitkanen-Dee Richard F. Randolph Sam Rascoe John Redding Joanne Rideout Stuart Rideout Patricia Roberts Ted Sarpola Marilou Sayer Robert Scherrer Robert Schwemmer Lurayne Smith Judy Sorrel S. Specht Margaret Stevens Jim Stroup Paul Swinehart Nelson Taylor Alice E. Thompson Shirley Tinner Nicholas Utzinger The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

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Chester Wachsmuch Meg Weaver Christopher Weiss Dede Wilhelm Frank M. Wolfe Marie A. Yost Melissa Yowell STATESMAN ($25) Helen Acton AlanAhola Malvena Allen Rex Anderson Howard Anderson Katherine M. Astala Clarence G. Aulenbacher J. Michael Ballard Jean Barney Joan L. Battuello John C. Beatty Jr. Jack Becvar Barbara Jean Begleries Jim Bergeron Carol Berry Dennis Berry W. Robert Beveridge Marilyn R. Birkel Robert Bish Wayne Blake George W. Blinco Andrew Borland Len Braarud David Brooks Skip Broten Don Budde Doris Bulletset Ben Cadman James Callahan Joe Carney Arthur Chan Yong G. Cheong Beverly I. Christman John E. 'Bud' Clark Daryl Cleveland Ron Cole Del Corbett C. Lyle Cummins Tim Dalrymple Mimi Davis JoAnn Dawley Mary Jane Dixon Phyllis Dubb Barry Dubner Liz Duncan Delora Duoos Linda Earleywine Nancy Edgar The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No. 2

Mel Emberland Alma English Aneta Englund Freda Englund John E. Espey Frank Frost Wendy Gartrell Carol Gearin Linda Giddings Eberhard W. Giesecke Heather Goodenough Doug Gordenier Beverly Goudy Ken Grant Nancy L. Grimberg Charles Grimm Fred W. Grotjahn Marilyn Gudmundsen Bill Gunderson George Haapala James Hamilton Patrick Harrison Doris Hay Eldred Hendrickson Mabel Herold Jack Hettinger Ella Hill Loren Hillman Myrtle Hjorten F.C. Hoffman G. Norman Hoxsey Dorothy Hudson McLaren Innes Florence Jacobson James H. Jensen Ruth Jensen Peter A. Johnson Dorothy Johnson Larry Johnson Dennis Johnson Gloria Jones William Karwoski Florence Kelly Tim Kennedy Luella Kerr Joan Knapp Barry Kolek Robert N. Kussman JeffLampa Gloria Larson Louise Larson Eileen Leback Lee B. Lowenson Venus Luukinen Ted Magnuson Eugene Majerowicz Melvin N . Maki

Caryl D. Mangan Betty Markham Carel McCafferty Joan K. McCracken Pat McDonald Doris McManis Karen Mellin Ted Messing MullaMeyer Charlie Meyer Joan Miller Lisbeth T. Miller Edward Moen Dick Montgomery Ann Morgan Noanie Morrison June Moskovita Robert D. Neikes Marjorie Nelson Ethel Neubauer Phil Nock Perry Nordmark James Ochal Gurie O'Connor Harlan Olsen Karen E. Olsen Drew Olson Judith Osthoff Ronald Oswald Jack Paaso Michael Parker Ruth Parnell Toshie Petersen Harry Phillips James Pilgreen Grant Polk Howard Ragan Shirley Randles Laura Reith Harry B. Rice Jr. Shirley A. Richards Gertrude Rinell Sandra Robinson Priscilla Roeser Virginia W. Rose William W. Rosenfeld Karen Runkel Jerry Sabel John H. Sargeant Bob Schoning Dorothy Scott Paul See Marjorie Seeborg Richard M. Seppa Terry Shumaker Kathleen Slotte Edward Smith

Joyce L. Smith Ilse D. Spang Marjorie Spence Harold E. Spoelstra William B. Sprague Page Stockwell Lorraine Street Maureen Sundstrom Omar M . Susewind Gloria Swire Eileen Thompson Lucretia Thornton Nancy Thorsness Willow Toth Bill Wallace Margo Grant Walsh Donald Webb Ron Westerlund John E. Westman Phil Williams Ethel Wilson Don Wright Wendell Wyatt

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Memorials In Memoriam We note with great sadness the passing of three trustees and long-time friends of the museum.

• Allen Cellars had been one of the few original directors of the Museum, having been elected in 1962 right after the founding of the organization. He had worked for BumbleBee Seafoods for many years.

Allen had been instrumental in helping Rolf Klep get the maritime museum off and running and had supported it generously throughout its now 47 year history. His helpful, guiding hand will be missed.

• Also gone from us, but surely not forgotten, we recognize the life of John Richard "Dick" Thompson.

Dick had been an ever present example of "can do" attitude, and was frequently making things possible for the Museum. Also one of the original directors of the Museum, he and several others went to Seattle back in the early days of the Columbia River Maritime Museum, acquired and made ready for sail the old Lightship #88 and safely brought it to Astoria's waterfront as a featured exhibit in the newly designated "Maritime Park" at the foot

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of 17th Street. This was the location for the "new" museum building that took many years to complete.

Dick's generosity, resourcefulness and smile will be greatly missed.

• Most recently passed from our midst, we recognize Museum trustee, Robert Sherman Lovell. Bob had been a local business owner for many years and was very active in the community volunteering to serve on the Astoria School Board, the Port Commission, Chamber of Commerce, Columbia Memorial Hospital Board, as well as a trustee of the Columbia River Maritime Museum. Bob also labored to establish the Museum on a sound footing having been appointed to one of eleven standing committees, the original membership committee, in February of 1963.

Bob's life of community service is a standard for all ofus to follow.

Memorials January 1, 2009 June 30, 2009 William S. Barrack Jr. LTJG USS Knapp DD-653 Crew Joyce Bethge John & Trudy Dawson Jim Bishop Bob & Mary Frame Nicholas George Calley Horace Harrison Helen Barbara Clinton Lee Clinton & Family Gladys J. Cummings Gerald Winters lrja Curtis Ernest & Virginia Barrows

Peter Johnson Margaret Thompson Gladys Haglund Duncan Dorothy A. Labiske Linda Elder David & Mary Jane Hill Shirley Fahlstrom Toivo & Shirley Mustonen A. J. Field Warren Lee Smith Carl 0. Fisher John & Sue Altstadt Idamae Haglund Forney Dorothy A. Labiske Gilbert Charles "Doc" Haglund Jon W. Westerholm Jane Beebe Harris Caroline Harris Henderson Nonna Hebert Robert & Mary Oja Melvin E. Hjorten Michael & Mard Gillum Kelli Gant Bette & John Gant Douglas & Cathlyn MacQuarne Marvin James Hughes Ann Kaul Billy & Jeanne Pike Gordon & Carol Wolfgram Esther K. Jerrell Captain Fred Jerrell Edgar Klock, USCG (ret) Lorraine Ortiz William J. "Bill" Leahy Chris & Marlene Mestrich Capt. Calvin & Marjorie Leback Joyce Smith & Dennis Vinson Robert S. "Bob" Lovell Don & Carol Haskell Mark & Antoinette Hatfield Ralph Mace Don & Donna Speed John Madden Nicholas & Virginia Zafiratos Phil Nock Dan Grant Mahony Robert & Mary Oja Capt. James E. McAvoy Captain Fred Jerrell Paula T. Morrow Jack & Jane Keeler

Daniel B. Newton Sr. Allan Maki Linda Niemelin Gertrude Rine!!

Solveig Clark Marietta Hill Helen King Bruce & Kristina Berney Mr. & Mrs. Chris B. Kuppler Jim Parker Nicholas & Virginia Zafiratos Enni Perkiomaki Dr. Jukka & Judy Perkiomaki Victor Pinson Michael Ramsdell Walter P. Postlewait Del & Cheri Folk Mary R. Sheelan John & Trudy Dawson Virginia A. "Ginger" Steve Captain Fred Jerrell Dave & Marcy Phillips John Richard "Dick" Thompson Max & Judy Bigby Sirpa Whitman Dr. Jukka & Judy Perkiomaki Nicholas & Virginia Zafiratos Bob & Barbara Canessa Allan Maki Cliff & Arline LaMear Bob & Margaret Chopping Jon W. Westerholm Robert Torkelson Allan Maki Eldon Wright Sr. Allan Maki

In Honor Of ...

Jane Beebe Harris Caroline Harris Henderson

The QuarterDeck, Vol. 35 No . 2

COLUMBIA RIVER MARITIME MUSEUM 1792 MARINE DRIVE ASTORIA, OREGON 97103

Non-profit Organization U.S. POSTAGE PAID Astoria, Oregon Permit No. 340

ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED

Flight operations onboard a US Navy Escort Carrier operating Fifty Escort Carriers were built on the Columbia River and com

ed in Astoria.