The recreational boating boom began with the invention of the outboard motor and trailer, which removed two of the principal obstacles to widespread boat ownership. The outboard brings the sport within reach of all whose boating is done on a budget. The trailer means
that none need be landlocked, however far from the water they may live.
Early outboard motors were called 'coffee-grinders,'' egg-beaters,' 'putt-putts,' 'li'l ol' kickers,' and quite a few less printable things. In their most primitive form they were just barely more powerful than the oars they replaced, and so cantankerous and unreliable that you wouldn't think of leaving your oars behind. Yet those who made their way safely to remote fishing grounds propelled by one of these contraptions counted themselves fortunate. Turn to page six and learn how inventors created the first outboards, and how these motors have changed the limits of work and recreation.
With the means to own and operate boats of their own, and the leisure to enjoy them, millions are finding in boating an antidote to tensions and stresses of high-geared life ashore. There's more tonic for mind and body
the UARTERDECK
-Jan Kann
In the search for recreation, the highway is merely a means to get to the water. With a portable boat strapped to the car-top, the outboard, camp gear, and fishing tackle stowed in the trunk, the boater is off to new lakes and streams. Or the outboard cruiser is loaded on a trailer, hitched to the car and the family strikes out for distant waterways.
Runabouts being prepared for outboard motor race in Astoria Regatta.
A review and newsletter from the Columbia River Maritime Museum at 1792 Marine Drive in Astoria, Oregon
1966.15
Vol. 21 No. 3/4 Summer/Autumn 1995
Life in the Wake of the Outboard Motor
Boating is more than a sport, it's a way of life . Small wonder its appeal is universal. From the hunter or angler who looks for peace and solitude in remote places, to the racing addict who seeks spirited competition and the adventurous traveler pursuing the ends of the earth, outboard motors are indispensable. And whether the boat be a small utility or a comfortable cruiser, it's something the family can enjoy together.
in a trip by small boat than there is in the deck chair of a luxury liner
Evelyn Georges
Safi Diamond
2
Darryl Bergerson
Jack R. Dant
Board of Trustees:
Thomas R. Dyer
Maurie D. Clark
Chris Bennett
Alan C. Goudy, Immediate Past Pres
Charles Shea
Museum Staff:
from the Wheelhouse ...
Peter Brix
Richard Reiten
Ed Nelson, Jr.
Alan Green, Jr.
Afterguard
Don M. Haskell
On a day in January a major storm began to build on the North Coast. That evening, enjoying the warmth of my living room fireplace, I turned on my radio scanner to listen to the river traffic. The high winds, driving rain and rough seas would soon make it unsafe for even the largest ships to transit the mouth of the Columbia. Familiar with these conditions, I knew it would only be a matter of time before the Coast Guard closed the Columbia River Bar to all vessel traffic.
As I listened to the scanner, I watched my home wind speed indicator surge in the storm, and then I heard it... a life and death call for help coming from the Columbia River Bar Pilots! A tragedy was in the making . One of the Bar Pilots had gone overboard during a transfer and his boat crew was unable to locate him. In this storm, with water temperatures around 40 degrees, he would only be able to live for a few minutes.
Celerino Bebeloni
-Jerry Ostermiller, Executive Director
Rachel Wynne
David Pearson
The high seas, strong winds, and fast currents made a rescue attempt by the Coast Guard extremely risky, with success unlikely. But despite th e dangers of flying after dark in the storm to se a rch for a man overboard in the vast ocean, the Astoria Coast Guard helicopter crew spotted Captain Mike Dillon and saved his life in a remarkable rescue.
Jim Nyberg
Mitch Boyce
Ted Natt, Vice President
Marietta Doney
Cris Ek
Walter Gadsby, Jr .
Mark your calendars now for the Columbia River Maritime Museum 33rd Annual Membership Meeting and Dinner on Friday, November 10, 1995
Carl Fisher, Secretary
Willis Van Dusen
I witnessed this near fatal event as I listened to the radio traffic throughout the rescue. And later, when Captain Dillon told me his incredible story, I knew that he had to be the featured speaker at the Columbia River Maritime Museum Annual Meeting and Banquet! His remarkable story of going overboard and feeling his life slipping away will leave you spellbound, and bring you as close to being lost at sea as you will ever want to be.
Steve Kann
John Dirschel
Charlotte Jackson
Frank Warren
Allen V. Cellars
Russ Bean
John McGowan
Justine Van Sickle
Karen Carpenter
James H. Gilbaugh, Jr.
Robert G Hemphill
Ward V Cook, President
Jerry L. Ostermiller, Director
Robley Mangold, Treasurer
J.W 'Bud' Forrester, Emeritus
W. Louis Larson
Richard T. Carruthers, Emeritus
Rob Rudd
Anne Witty
Rod Leland
Eric 'Skip' Hauke
Herbert Steinmeyer
Mark Tolonen
Life and Death On the Columbia River Bar
This is an event you should not miss. Captain Dillon's account will be an opportunity of the rarest kind, as such victims usually don't live to tell the tale. Find a good seat, enjoy an excellent dinner and the fellowship of other Museum members, then prepare yourself for a riveting firsthand story of Life and Death on the Columbia River Bar. In the meantime, remember the old sailors' adage: "One hand for yourself one hand for the ship!"
Lynne Leland
Mike Foglia
Eugene Lowe
Rose Palazzo
W. Hampton Scudder
Jon Englund
Anne Morden
June Spence
John Davis
Trish Custard
The Columbia River Maritime Museum is planning an exciting new exhibit that will tell the story of Spanish exploration of our region's waters. We are asking our members to make a special donation to support this new Museum exhibit.
the ship's travels through the region, her construction and cargo, and about daily life aboard an 18th century Spanish trading schooner. region's waters. Our design includes a 52-foot long half-model reproduction of the Spanish sailing vessel Sonora and a reproduction of the Sonora's ship's boat, the Buena Ventura.
The Sonora was built by the Spanish for trading trips from southern Mexico to Baja California. Sailing north in 1775 along with a sister ship, the Santiago, the Sonora spent ten months at sea exploring the Pacific Northwest. The voyage led to many new discoveries, including the first sighting of the Columbia River by a European explorer, Captain Bruno de Hezeta of the Santiago.
Artist's rendering of a longitudinal half-model of the Schooner Sonora in the new exhibit Exploradores! Spanish Adventurers on the Oregon Coast.
At the Museum, the Exploradores!
! f ; ,.. ' I .
Donations are needed to create the Exploradores! exhibit and to develop Exploradores! education programs for visitors, school children, and teachers. We hope that you will support the Museum in this effort and send your donation in the enclosed envelope today.
In thanks for their support, donors of $25 or more will be listed on a sign at the exhibit. All donors will be invited to a special Exploradores! preview night this spring.
join in supporting this effort with a special gift today.
Calling All Hands
3
The Exploradores! exhibit will be a great addition for your Museum. We are setting out to raise $40,000 to create the exhibit and its educational programs donations from members are an important part of this effort. Please exhibit will teach visitors about this voyage and other Spanish exploration of our region. Our design includes artifacts, replicas, charts and maps, and a mural depicting life at sea. The exhibit will teach visitors about
We plan to offer hands-on activities for visitors of all ages, including rope tying and compass and sextant operation at the exhibit location. A teacher's guide with class activities and free teacher training sessions for all schools registering for spring field trips is also planned. We hope to introduce more than 40,000 children per year to this exciting exhibit.
Quarterdeck, Vol. 21 No. 3/4
Exploradores
This spring the exhibit "Exploradores! Spanish Adventurers on the Oregon Coast" will tell the story of Spanish exploration of our
The Museum thanks the Officers and crew of the U .S.C.G. cutter Steadfast for their joint effort in the program. The par ticipants were able to fully experience life at sea with the combined resources of the Museum staff and volunteers and our neighbors in the U S Coast Guard.
puter software for cataloguing our books, as well as a new computer to run the programs on. We are delighted to have the tools to enter the library information age We'll keep you posted on our progress as, book by book, we enter titles, authors, subjects and call numbers into the growing database
For more than thirty years, the CRMM has been developing a maritime research library. We have thousands of books, pamphlets, and periodicals that provide a wealth of information on maritime history The Museum receives hundreds of research inquiries each year Now, we are embarking on organizing our holdings into a modern computerized catalogue that will enable staff and researchers to locate printed information with ease.
Museum Library Update
Columbia River Maritime Museum News and Notes
The Museum crew has been very busy with small craft programs this year, including competitions and activities. We have big plans for hosting the 1996 Pacific Challenge next May. This will be a gathering of traditional longboats, Native canoes and ship's boats of 18th and 19th century design. For the first time, it will be held on the Columbia River, where participants will test their maritime skills with a special emphasis on charting as used by early Northwest explorers. Plan to join us on May 18-19, 1996 for an exciting meeting of boats, fun and maritime enthusiasts.
The workshop was deemed a big success by the participants who have already reserved their spots for the next one! This was surely a summer vacation event that will be remembered for a lifetime
-Patricia Turner Custard, Education Coordinator & Vistor Services
Life at Sea: Then and Now
Thanks to a generous grant from a donor who wishes to remain anonymous, we have been able to purchase special com-
Small Craft Program
In August, the Museum held its annual Lower Columbia Row-In at the 17th Street pier. In addition to various races, shoreside demonstrations of ropemaking, knot-tying, and a signal flag hail and reply event were ongoing throughout the day. Despite the (unseasonably) inclement weather that day, a great time was had by all.
Jeff and Jeff Return November 12th
-Anne Witty, Curator
The first day of the workshop was spent learning skills needed by sailors during the age of sail. Dr. Bud McKinney started the day with a tour of the Mu-
What was life like aboard a sailing ship in the 1800s? What is it like to be an officer or crewman aboard a modern Coast Guard cutter? These questions and more were answered during the two day Life at Sea workshop held at the Museum in July Open to area middle school aged students the workshop provided participants with a hands-on look at shipboard life
4
This pair of irresistible folksingers played to a packed house last year! Jeff Warner and Jeff Davis return to CRMM to perform old time music and music of the sea on Sunday, November 12th, in the Kern Room. They combine traditional singing styles with banjo, guitar, fiddle, and mandolin for a harmonious look at America's musical past. If you' re curious about the dancing limberjack, bones, and nose flute, plan to join us for their second Astoria concert. Call the Museum at 325-2323 for details.
-Hampton Scudder, Exhibit Specialist
In the future, the library project will need a few good volunteers to enter information into the computer. If you would like to assist in this endeavor, please contact Chris Bennett, Volunteer Coordinator.
Astoria Middle School student David Graham
A highlight of this summer saw our Museum crew compete for the "King's Cup" in Canada in July . The Museum's 17-foot jolly boat, Peace & Friendship, a gift from Thomas Vaughan in commemoration of the 1992 Maritime Bicentennial, was prepared once again for the water. The crew volunteered more than 250 hours of maritime training and boat maintenance, then competed in the International Longboat Competition held at the Sooke Maritime Festival in Sooke, B.C. We're happy to report that we placed well in all events and are determined to go back and win U1e "King's Cup" next year!
brought the participants into the modern era aboard the U.S.C.G. cutter Steadfast The morning was filled with an in-depth tour of the cutter and a navigation exercise on the bridge and in the combat room using the cutter's state of the art navigational equipment. After lunch with the crew on the mess deck, the students took to the water. Using the Steadfast's rigid hull inflatable and the motor lifeboat Triumph, the students learned boating safety and boat handling by driving the vessels. The wet weather could inassists in plotting the Steadfast's position using sound powered earphones no way dampen the high spirits of the novice boat seumdrivers focusing on whaling. Next the youngsters became expert ropewalkers during a ropemaking session. After a lunch of hardtack and dried salt beef, the participants headed to the lightship Columbia for a course in knot-tying led by Buddy Custard The day ended with a signal flag hail and reply exercise developed by Russ Bean. Using the International Flag Code, the students hoisted emergency messages from the Lightship to a "rescue team" on the Museum's plaza Excitement built as anxious faces on the Lightship scanned the plaza for the reply that would help them in their emergency The second day of the workshop
similar shapes and their metaphorical content represented for me the contrast between domesticity and the lure of adventure , " She spent about a year developing an alphabet of boat images , "The work began with my research about historical small craft, and my interest in the vast vocabulary of boat terms, particularly words which have multiple meanings: anchor, bow, hold, tender " The resulting exhibition, AlphaBoats, vi-
Museum in a Trunk
brates with color, artistic skill, and a sense of adventure that reflect the artist's enthusiasm for her subject. Not surprisingly, Kenneth Grahame's The Wind in the Willows, the classic tale of boats, friendship and voyaging, is one of Peggy Biskar' s favorites. Excerpts from Grahame's text make this show a highly enjoyable experience for art and literature lovers of all ages. Don't miss it!
The QUARTERDECK is published four times a year by the Columbia River Maritime Museum, 1792 Marine Dr., Astoria, OR 97103
AlphaBoats: From Anchor to Zulu, an exhibition of mixed media paintings of boats by Portland artist Peggy Biskar, will be open from September 16, 1995 to January 12, 1996 in the Kern Room,
Peggy Biskar writes that her study of boats "began with a painting which paired a flat bottom boat and an iron. These two
Q11JARTERDECK
Thanks to the generous sponsorship of area businesses, the Museum Education department continues to develop and expand school programming.
Photo and illustration credits : runabouts, page 1, CRMM archives; the Sonora halfmodel, page 3, S Enge and G Foster; middle school student, page 4, David Pearson; AlphaBoats, page 5, Peggy Biskar; Linnton, Oregon and West Oregon Lumber Mill, page 12, Laars Photography; Hawaiian Isles, page 12, CRMM archives.
Printed at Anchor Graphics, Astoria, Oregon
Sea Rat to Water Rat, in Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows.
Quarterdeck, Vol. 21 No. 3/4
-Anne Witty, Curator
f7l i 'I J ~i,@7~ h·~ w~~~1;:·M ,I,~ "· ~- ij -,,,,, lli {~:\ _.!,_I_;l:___-:-l__-+-!-----::i;::~~ ,-,..--:-.l-.-.;;;::=--rt__Ii_ _ -.-~----;J_. ~\t~ ~-<:;> ;•'"<_ ,~
The little boats that lie tethered to the rings and stanchions of the old sea-wall are gaily painted as those I clambered in and out of in my childhood...
Editor, Karen Carpenter Editorial Staff: Jerry Ostermiller, Anne Witty, Patricia Turner Custard, Rachel Wynne.
The Explorer's Tour, a self-guided tour
Voulume 21 No. 3/4
Captain Gray's Sea Chest- a "museumin-a-trunk" program" enables elementary school students to expand their geography, social studies, and critical thinking skills through an in-depth exploration of Robert Gray's voyages to the Northwest. Sponsored by The Daily Astorian, this "museum in-a-trunk" includes replicas, pelts, charts, videos, audiotapes and a Teachers' Guide that bring shipboard life and maritime history to the classroom. Captain Gray's Sea Chest is available for loan to schools throughout Oregon and Washington.
5
AlphaBoats Cruise Into Kern Room
This fall, enjoy learning about boats from zarocs and xebecs to canoes and dinghies through a special exhibition of mixed media paintings by Portland artist Peggy Biskar. Her show, AlphaBoats: From Anchor to Zulu, opens in the Kem Room on September 16th It will run through January 12, 1996.
We thank The Daily Astorian and U.S. Bank for their support and commitment to providing excellent educational opportunities.
of the Museum, is currently being developed with generous sponsorship from U.S. Bank The Explorer's Tour will actively involve teachers, chaperones and students in learning about regional maritime history as they discover the Museum , A guidebook and "Discovery Boxes" hands-on materials relating directly to an exhibit- will provide an educational experience for visiting school groups by enabling each teacher to be a tour guide and subject expert. The Exp lorer's tour will be an option for school groups beginning in the fall.
-Patricia Turner Custard, Education Coordinator & Vistor Services
This article takes a closer look at the evolution of outboard motors from individual idea to booming industry.
THROW
1905 1909
The Industry Leaders
This 2 hp motor sold for approximately $75.00. Evinrude instruction book
1911
Harthon Patent Harry Miller's Cameron Ole Evinrude' s Chris Meyer gasoline powered Waterman's "Coffee Grinder" becomes detachable motor "Coughing Sara" Evinrude' s partner
Henry Ford and outboard motor entrepreneur Ole Evinrude ushered in the new era of assembly line manufacturing Mass production and new industrial opportunities made the commodities of daily life more affordable. Americans purchased automobiles and motorcycles for the road, and outboard motors for their rowboats. The greater availability of motorized vehicles caused Americans to desire more more speed, more power.
A Wisconsin farm boy, Ole Evinrude, launched Evinrude Motor Company in 1909 when he invented a rowboat motor that looked like a "coffee grinder." Legend has it that Ole began his design one hot August day when his sweetheart, Bess Carey, wanted some ice cream. By the time Ole rowed off and returned to their
In the early 1900s, the nation's industry was forging ahead, and American industrialists took their innovative ideas to commercial success. Automobile pioneer
6
1887 1898
Evinrude: Mass Production
1915 Evinrude detachable rowboat motor
Waterman Porto motor, alias "Coughing Sara," the first successful commercial portable outboard As his motors were produced, Waterman used the term "outboard motor" in his advertising another significant first.
THE OARS AWAY
In the advent of the automobile, car topping and trailer hitches allowed boaters to travel to distant waterways. This image is an exaggeration. Hudson Motor Car Company was demonstrating the strength of the steel roof by loading a Chris-Craft and two passengers on top. Motor Boating, June 1935.
Unfolding the history of each major outboard corporation shows a concentrated and competitive industry. Many of the men who launched the outboard industry were from the Midwest, and for more than thirty years, they led the industry in producing and perfecting outboard motors. The big company names in outboard motors appeared between 1908 through 1940. These names of Evinrude, Johnson, OMC and Mercury are today almost household names and their products, developed in America, are used around the world.
In the Beginning
Outboard motors changed the way Americans work and play. Waterways were never the same after the influx of outboard-powered boats. Remote fishing grounds became more accessible, speed boat racing became a great American sport, and marine jobs became more efficient. Many Americans today have an outboard
The Motorization of America
The Evolution of Outboard Motors by Jan Kann
Outboard motors did not evolve in a linear fashion, but as a series of parallel innovations. Once the outboard concept was developed in 1887, many brilliant minds set to work on developing the concept into actual engines. There was a great race to produce and perfect the outboard motor Outboard corporations were secretive with their designs, but aggressive with their sales and marketing. The combination of mass production and competition soon made outboards virtually commonplace in America for recreation and work on the water.
motor, or remember one their parents or grandparents owned. These motors changed America in an era of mobility, speed, and accessibility. The Columbia River Maritime Museum's special exhibition of outboard motors includes sixty outboards dating from 1911 to 1995 are displayed in the Museum's Great Hall. This retrospective look at outboards links American popular culture with a great historical invention. The exhibition runs through the Annual Meeting (November 10th), so come down and enjoy a nostalgic look at a maritime experience common to many a recreational outing in an outboard-powered boat.
The Harthon patent of 1887 for a sternmounted, detachable steam motor prevented later innovators from claiming they had "invented the outboard." Evidence supports the fact that in 1898 Harry Miller built and demonstrated a 4-cycle gasoline powered, detachable boat motor. But Cameron Waterman, in 1905 an avid fisherman and law student at Yale, was first to prove that an outboard motor could be marketable . While looking for a way to test a motorcycle engine he'd been working on in his bachelor apartment, he attached it to the back of a chair This reminded him of the stern of a boat, and set his mind in motion The result was the
By 1919, Bess was well again. Ole celebrated the end of a five-year exile from the industry by producing a revolutionary outboard motor design an aluminum engine weighing only 47 pounds. Faithful to the company that still bore his name, Ole presented the new outboard plans to Chris Meyer. Meyer rejected the idea, so Ole went back into business for himself with his new Evinrude Light Twin Outboard motor referred to as an Elto.
7
"Until others find the secrets ... outboard motor performance must remain exclusively with Lockwood," boasted a 1928 Lockwood advertisement showing engineers hard at work. Motor Boating, 1928.
1926 Johnson's 80pound Big Twin is produced
In the mid-1920s, the Johnson Motor Wheel Company of Terra Haute, Indiana
1913
The company was overextended when the Depression hit, and went bankrupt in 1932. It was purchased by Stephen Briggs of OMC in 1935. Johnson became their best-selling line, producing high quality
Coincidentally, another four-brother team was making its mark by the 1920s. The Lockwood brothers of Jackson, Michigan had been in business together since 1900, building inboard marine engines among a wide range of other things. In 1914 they marketed their first outboards, selling them direct as Lockwood-Ash motors and through Sears, Roebuck Company as Motorgos.
Finn Irgens, the young engineer who had helped Johnson Motor Company get its start, joined Lockwood in 1925. He pioneered several innovations, including "Lockwood-Pilot" steering, which kept the boat on course when the tiller was released, and a "silent" underwater exhaust system. The company's fast models, the 27 mph Lockwood Ace, 35 mph Chief, and 40 mph Racing Chief had earned the company widespread respect by 1929. Lockwood was financially healthy when it merged with OMC in 1929. By 1930-31 the Lockwood logo had been dropped, and leftover Chiefs were sold by Montgomery Ward as Sea King motors.
Other successful companies were also developing in the 1920s. Several would eventually merge into industry giant OMC.
1919 Ole Evinrude forms Elto Outboard Motor Company
In 1925, Johnson announced plans for a big, heavy motor. Their competitors just chuckled. But they stopped laughing when the 80-pound, 6-hp Big Twin of 1926 made a light boat plane at 16 mph. Outboard speed became a craze, and Johnson took the lead. They pulled competitors into a cycle of factory-sponsored racing which would last well into the 1960s.
Briggs and Stratton Corporation, a large automobile parts and portable engines company, purchased Evinrude Motors in 1929. Stephen Briggs revived the company with $400,000, but still couldn't compete with Elto and Johnson. Briggs went on to purchase Elto and Lockwood, establishing the Outboard Motor Corporation (OMC) in 1929. Briggs' true interest in Lockwood was to acquire the brilliant chief engineer, Finn Irgens, who had earlier worked for Johnson Motors. Ole Evinrude was appointed president of OMC and was succeeded by his son, Ralph, in 1934.
Chris Meyer sells Evinrude Motors
Meanwhile, Evinrude Motor Company was unable to meet the stiff competition from Elto and Johnson Motors. Chris Meyer sold Evinrude in 1925, and the company changed hands twice more before it was purchased by Briggs and Stratton Corporation in 1929. Stephen Briggs lured Ole Evinrude into his new Outboard Motors Corporation (OMC) by offering him the right to reclaim commercial use of the Evinrude name.
Quarterdeck, Vol. 21 No. 3/4
Johnson: Everlasting Trade Name
By 1911, the Evinrudes' business had attracted a partner. Chris Meyer, a tugboat firm owner, paid $5,000 for a half interest. They rented a Milwaukee building, bought parts, and hired factory staff. Bess ran the office. Boaters from all over placed orders for Evinrude outboards. But the hard work ruined Bess' health. Ole sold out to Chris Meyer in 1913, and agreed to stay out of the outboard business for five years.
was already a major manufacturer of outboard motors. Founded by the innovative Johnson brothers Lou, Harry, Julius, and Clarence the company grew out of the brothers' earlier work on inboard marine, airplane, and motorcycle engines.
OMC: Industry Giant
The Johnson brothers had been building and racing boats powered by inboard motors of their own design for many years. It was only natural that they would decide to design an outboard motor around the motorcycle engines that they still had in stock when the advent of the affordable Model T automobile put them out of business around 1920. Assisted by Finn Irgens, a Purdue University student, they created a water-cooled, 2-cycle, 2-hp engine weighing 25 pounds. The Water Bug was reliably easy to start, could be tilted up for beaching and swiveled 360 degrees for maneuvering. It put Johnson Company on the map.
Ole's new company, Elto, was an overnight success. Buyers snatched up the new motors, as they were easier to carry, ran smoother, and started more quickly than any outboard yet. It didn't hurt that every engine was stamped "designed and built by Ole Evinrude."
1925
picnic spot, the ice cream was melted and so was he.
Lockwood: Engineering Brilliance
OMC was a corporate umbrella for the individual motor companies, which kept their own brand names for marketing purposes and sustaining buyer interest. But in 1930, OMC dropped the Lockwood line to focus on its better selling motors Elto and Evinrude In 1931, OMC sold 10,291 mo-
1914 Lockwood-Ash motors are marketed
Ole Evinrude sells his partnership
Ole loaned one of his single cylinder, 2cycle motors to a fisherman friend, who returned from his expedition with orders for ten more. Bess and Ole (now married) hand-assembled and sold 25 motors. Bess wrote their first ad: "Don't row! Throw the oars away! Use an Evinrude motor!" Her words foretold the future for small boat users all over the world.
fishing motors that were prized by anglers around the world. In the 1980' s some Caribbean Islanders still called all outboards Johnson motors, and any kind of outboard powered boat a Johnson boat.
;i,/i= rv
1935 1938 1940
E.C. "Carl" Kiekhaefer, of Cedarburg, Wisconsin, got into outboard manufacturing almost by accident. The door of opportunity opened for Kiekhaefer in 1938, when Cedarburg Manufacturing Company went out of business. The company had made outboards for Montgomery Ward Company, but folded when Ward cancelled the contract. Carl Kiekhaefer borrowed money to take over the failing business, intending to produce magnetic and electrical devices.
1929 1930
ranges dangerous to other outboards They outperformed everything else on the water. Engines with names like Lightning, Hurricane and Thunderbolt set speed records
Mercury: High Performance Image Engineer
Lockwood logo is dropped from OMC
OMC purchases Johnson Motor Co.
tors of the combined lines, outselling Johnson Motors for the first time.
Kiekhaefer became a major manufacturer of outboard motors virtually overnight. By 1940, he had designed his own outboard, bearing the name Mercury. These splendidly engineered motors netted 16,000 orders at the 1940 New York boat show. Mercury became synonymous with fast, powerful, wellengineered, sleekly-styled outboards
Liberal use of ball and needle bearings allowed the 1947 Mercuries to run in rpm
Thirty-two years of Mercury outboard motors. Each motor warrants a new innovation: 1940 anti-friction needle bearings; 1947 forged aluminum pistons; 1949 four-cylinder-in-line, two-cycle engine; 1956 ride-guide single-cable steering system; 1958 hydraulic shock absorbers; 1963 weedless low-level intake; 1969 direct charge induction system; 1972 corrosion resistant fiberglass and direct charge cylinder scavenging system, combined with new exhausts and induction system.
OMC is formed with purchase of Evinrude and Lockwood
1940 1947 1949 1956 1958 1963 1969 1972
First he had to clear out an inventory of 300 defective Thor single-cylinder outboards. Seeing quick money, Kiekhaefer rebuilt and improved the engines. This convinced Montgomery Ward to contract his brand new firm to revitalize all 300 motors. More orders followed, and most of the 1939 Thors were sold as Montgomery Ward's Sea Kings .
Carl Kiekhaefer purchases Cedarburg Manufacturing Mercury is developed
8
Mercury was well known for extravagant advertising stunts, some as outlandish as putting an elephant on water skis. Photograph courtesy of Mercury Marine.
The 1954 Mark 20 H, which was a Mark 20 power head mounted on a Hydro short Quicksilver racing lower unit, was the most popular speed motor in racing history. But performance didn't always add up to sales, so Mercury was forced to concentrate on
In 1935 Stephen Briggs solidified OMC's monopoly by purchasing the Depressionweakened Johnson Motors Corporation for $800,000 . OMC gained the reputable Johnson name, its motors, equipment and a manufacturing plant worth $1.5 million. With this new growth, corporate president Ralph Evinrude changed the business name to Outboard Marine and Manufacturing Corporation It was later shortened to Outboard Marine Corporation By the mid1930s, OMC dominated the outboard manufacturing world. Then determined, hard working Carl Kiekhaefer came along.
cruising motors. The last new Quicksilver equipped racing outboard came out in 1958.
creating today's concept of the family outing on the water
Founder Carl Kiekhaefer stepped down from the top when Kiekhaefer Corporation merged with Brunswick in 1961. The firm's name became Mercury Marine, which today remains one of the major American outboard manufacturers. Without his leadership, the company was never quite the same, though it continued to produce outstanding motors.
Universal Appeal
Bess Evinrude' s suggestion to "throw the oars away" or at least tuck them out of sight seemed to have universal appeal in the early 20th century. Outboard motors were convenient and portable. They gave power and speed to anyone who got their hands on one. The StollMcCracken expedition of 1929 into Northern Siberia had used two Johnson motors to push their outfit along the Bering Sea coast of the Alaskan peninsula to Diomede Island. The Alaskan natives, when they saw the motor in action, wanted one to attach to their walrus-hide umiak (flat-bottomed boat). It worked perfectly, and they were so entranced with this modern marvel that the expedition had to let them have it. The proud new owners lined up every umiak in the village and took them all in tow, giving the whole town a continual joyride, until the fuel ran out.
Quarterdeck, Vol. 21 No 3/4
1952
The advertising people were quick to feature women at the helm of outboard powered boats, in contrast to their more decorative role in ads for larger inboard engines and sailboats. By the 1950s, boat and engine manufacturers openly catered to women's demands for convenience, ease of operation, and decorator colors. Outboard motors brought a common pastime to different social classes Useful and affordable motors were the craze, and everyone was using them. A contest by Johnson Motor Company in 1931 revealed that Mrs. Vincent Astor, Gonzalo N. Santos (Diputado al Congreso de la Union) of Mexico, Gifford Pinchot, former governor of Pennsylvania, and L.
or hoisted on board. You think they're for the youngsters; yes, I know many of these youngsters, grandfathers some of them." Because outboard motors were lightweight and easy to operate, anyone could captain an outboard-powered craft. Companies marketed to women and children,
The appeal of outboards cut across lines of wealth and class, age and gender. An editor of Motor Boating magazine commented in March 1928, "At least fifty percent of [outboard] owners are fellows who earn $35 a week or less. To these boys it is not a cheap proposition, but there is something compelling about the sport that forces them to buy first and afford afterwards " On the other hand, he went on to say, "look around any harbor in summer and you will see most of the largest and finest yachts with outboards tied up astern
Johnson produces its 1-millionth motor 1954 Mercury's Mark20 His produced
Stafford H. Jennings built the first floating outboard motor sales and service center on the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon in 1929. 'l'en years later, the building had been moved to firm ground near the river. An expanded showroom featuring a complete lineup of Johnson outboards and new Chris Craft runabouts followed in the 1950s. Today, the company continues to supply outboards, boats and gear at the same location west of the Sellwood Bridge. Photograph courtesy of Staff Jennings, Inc.
1959 1961
Outboards Worldwide
1962
A. Taschereau, prime minister of Quebec, were among the celebrities using Johnson outboard motors Mussolini's son was also a Johnson fan. J P. Morgan and President Theodore Roosevelt chose Evinrude. These were people who could well afford almost anything in the line of boats and motors.
Carl had ruled his company with an iron hand, demanding perfection from himself and others A master of flamboyant advertisement, he had staged such stunts as elephants on water skis, engines dropping from planes into lakes, and 50,000mile endurance runs to prove the strength, ruggedness, and reliability of his engines He had parleyed 300 scrap engines into a vast outboard empire.
Johnson produces its 2-millionth motor
The outboard won hearts wherever it went, and it went nearly everywhere. A 1931 article marveled, "The manner in which the outboard may be tilted makes it possible to beach and launch boats from the shore just as if they carried no motor at all," An outboard invited the adventurous to explore. In 1916 A.V. Comings hooked a Ferro outboard on his rowboat and traveled the entire length of the Columbia River. Outboards have powered bamboo boats in the Philippines, native canoes in the Yukon, fishing boats in Norway, houseboats, rafts, even barrels, as well as sailing yachts and runabouts. They powered the original log broncs or boom boats in lumbermill ponds in the Pacific Northwest, replacing boom men They've been instrumental in
Mercury merges with Brunswick Mercury Marine produces the world's first 100 hp motor
9
The start of a three-mile Class C event for outboards at Greenwich, Connecticut in August, 1927. Motor Boating, 1927.
Speed
Early outboard racing was not too exciting. Evinrude-powered canoes competed at speeds of 10 mph. The outboard race on Lake Pewaukee, Wisconsin in 1911 might well have been the first in America, though Evinrude claimed to have been in competition since 1906. In 1926, Johnson produced its 6-hp Big Twin P-30 motor, which allowed boats to plane and attain speeds up to 16 mph Speed became a craze thereafter. Speed records were set daily, and all the major manufacturers turned to racing motors. Speeds improved by quantum leaps by 1928 In 1929, 40 mph speeds had been achieved.
calls for eternal alertness, for seamanship, if you want to keep right side up, that's thrill after thrill, and leaves a thirst for more!"
Officially-sanctioned outboard races sprang up from coast to coast, with specific motor size classes ensuring fair competition. Speed records have been broken by residents from our own hometown of Astoria and local area neighbors. The Fly-
Beyond Recreation
Outboard boats, according to an article in 1928, had "been used for racing, fishing, towing, exploring and as ferryboats and yacht tenders." New uses, it seemed were devised by the minute. The city of Boston, in 1928, employed an Evinrude powered round-bottom rowboat, affectionately dubbed "the Pup." It was used for fighting fires underneath docks and bridges. The following year, 31 Evinrude Light Twin motors were purchased by the Ontario Forest Patrol Corps of Sault Ste. Marie, Canada, to be carried in their patrol planes and used for fighting forest fires. Outboard motors, according to a note published in 1931, were being used to" spray insect powder in South America, pump water at high pressure in mining camps, aerate frozen lakes for the benefit of fish in South Dakota, and throw water on roughened skating rink ice to smooth it out in Loveland, Colorado." With a centrifugal pump attached instead of a propeller, OMC claimed that your outboard could "be used to supply cottage, garden, lawn, etc. with water."
ing Finn, built and driven by Levi Sarajarvi of Astoria, triumphed in the Class B and free-for-all events at the 1929 Clatsop County Fair and the 1930 Cathlamet Regatta. Sarajarvi used a 16-hp Johnson motor and won a 4 1/2 mile motorboat race at Spokane, Washington in 1930. John Zonich of Raymond, Washington broke the world's straightaway speed record in 1950 in the C/Utility Class at Dallas, Texas. He used a 22-hp Evinrude motor. Today's outboard racing record is held by Bob Warfinger of Seattle. His recent 176.556 mph speed is a far cry from the pioneers racing Evinrudes in Wisconsin at 10 mph! Women and teenagers also took to outboard racing almost from its inception, setting many records in open competition. Mrs. Very! Pantages established a new world's record with 37.776 mph in the Class A outboard races at Salton Sea, California in April, 1931. Then, in December of that same year, Mrs. Pantages broke a new mile speed record of 39.978 mph. Two of the last racing Mercurys that Carl Kiekhaefer developed in the late 1950s were aimed at women's and children's racing classes. Outboard racing provided sport of a glorious kind for thrill seekers of both genders and all ages. Due, in part, to the fact that boat hull design had not quite caught up to the demands placed by putting the powerplant at the back of the boat instead of amidship, early outboard racing provided far more than its share of spectacular adrenaline surges. "The thrill of it, there's nothing like it," one man confessed in 1929. "A few feet of thin lumber, a roaring, pulsating engine, driving it over and through the water at an unbelievable speed, the perfect fleahopping movement, in the water one moment, the next in the air, slithering over the wake of another boat, jumping off the crest of a wave, never sure of where or when or how she'll land, that's thrill, that's how to keep young It
improving economies in third-world nations, enabling people in boats to take medical aid to remote regions, to map and film unexplored places, and even to discover a lost tribe. Outboard motors have helped Mounties in the Arctic and lifeguards along sunny beaches to save lives. And they've ushered in completely new forms of entertainment, opening to the masses water sports which had previously been the exclusive domain of the wealthy. With outboard powered boats, people have vacations, adventure and relaxation they couldn't have any other way, putting them on the waterways, in direct contact with geography, nature, and history all over the world. And of course, outboards have put the fishermen commercial and sports alike where the fish are. Above all, however, it was racing which brought the outboard to the height of its fame and glory.
Does all this make you want to take another look at old outboards? The Museum is exhibiting a wide variety of motors that represent the impact of outboards in maritime uses. Corne and see the story of how outboard motors changed America. The Museum has been delighted by the loans and donations of old outboards, and by the priceless assistance of individuals, collectors, and the outboard motor companies The old, the new, the commonplace, the rare from toys to electric trolling motors, folding outboards to showroom models, you'll see some truly ingenious examples of American marine engineering.
Whatever Happened to the Old Outboards?
Quarterdeck, Vol. 21 No. 3/4
The Iron Fist
Iron Fist, The Lives of Carl Kiekhaefer, Industrial Caesar of a Marine Industry Empire There is no better title for this book. The history of the marine motor industry in the United States is one of genius, dynamic energy and cutthroat competitiveness. No one epitomizes this more than Carl Kiekhaefer Every fiber of Kiekhaefer' s business life vibrated with passion. "To stimulate his national dealers to fever pitch, he hung Johnson and Evinrude outboard motors over enormous neolithic bonfires ablaze near his factories at Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, exhorting the nearly frenzied participants to 'Kill the enemy!' as the engines melted to
rafters, and there they stayed years after their usefulness had waned.
His personal life was run with the same iron fist. His immediate family suffered tirades, harsh criticism and infidelity. Eventually becoming emotionally alienated, they tried to distance themselves from the dictatorial mandates and establish themselves in a world out of Carl's reach.
Among the memorable features of the Museum's Great Hall are the periscopes of U.S.S. Rasher. Today, children find the periscope and pretend they are submerged and stalking the enemy at sea. However, Museum founder Rolf Klep found the 1940s fleet submarine tied to a pier on the banks of a slough in Portland, Oregon. She was destined to become scrap for a steel mill, a sad ending for one of the hardest working and most successful submarines of the Second World War. U.S.S Rasher holds the distinction of sinking 18 enemy ships for a total of 99,901 tons destroyed the second highest tonnage of the war Her fifth patrol to the Philippines is the stuff of legends In August of 1944, during a single night surface attack on a Japanese convoy, Rasher sank the escort carrier Taiyo and three marus (freighters) Red Scorpion, The War Patrols of the U.S.S . Rasher covers all aspects of Rasher 's wartime career While reading like a novel, the book follows her from the time she slid down the ways to her ultimate demise at the hand of a scrapper's torch Red Scorpion, The War Patrols of the U 5.5. Rasher, by Peter T. Sasgen, Naval Institute Press, 1995 HB 28.95/26 05
Iron Fist, The Lives of Carl Kiekhaefer, Industrial Caesar of a Marine Industry Empire, by Jeffrey L. Rodengen, Write Stuff Syndicate, 1991 HB 24.95/22.45
This is the story of a man possessed of great determination and skill who changed the face of the marine engine industry and the lives of everyone he associated with.
Great Books from the Museum Store by Rachel Wynne
model since 1887. This book even covers the battery-powered toy outboards marketed from 1952 to 1962 by K+O Models, Inc. There is a price guide and rarity rating for collectors and those wanting to find out just how much grandpa's old "knuckle buster" is worth.
Red Scorpion
The Old Outboard Book, by Peter Hunn, International Marine, 1994 PB 19.95/17.95
The War to End All Wars
The Oxford Companion to World War II is the most complete compilation of facts surrounding that terrible global conflict ever available. It is a hefty volume with an encyclopedia-like format. There are more than 1,700 entries ranging from extensive and detailed essays to concise definitions, diagrams, charts and personality profiles. You will find scores of analytical biographies of national leaders Hitler, Stalin, Tojo, Roosevelt and Churchill, military leaders Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Ho Chi Minh, General von Manstein and Mar shall Timsohenko . You will find technological leaps, covert exploits and horrific atrocities, given thorough coverage. This book is a must for military scholars and armchair historians.
The Oxford Companion to World War II, I.C.B. Dear and M R.D. Foot editors, Oxford University Press, 1995 HB 55 .00/50.00
Many of us have fond memories of early morning fishing trips with dad or grandpa and we can still remember the little "kicker" that wheezed and sputtered into life only after some coaxing and physical strain. Grandpa and dad loved those cantankerous and often unreliable motors and parting with them would have been more painful than trying to get them started. So many of them were retired to the garage
1-1
globs of charred aluminum in the inferno."
There was Korea, there was Vietnam and dozens of smaller world conflicts, but an entire generation still refers to the Second World War as "the War." It spanned three continents, armed more men and women and produced more death and destruction than any other world conflict since. Now, Oxford University has given us a book to end all books.
The outboard motor is a uniquely American innovation that launched a multimillion dollar industry. Millions of outboard motors have been manufactured in the United States, and many of the early ones no longer exist. The Old Outboard Book explores the early history of outboards and traces them through every make and
The loduotdalC-.afa--,.emp1n,. Bytbe--+---'-1~ JEFFR NGEN"'-'___,,
Our last cover photograph elicited several informative letters Gary D. Larsen of Portland sent two photographs that show the location of the bark Hawaiian Isles, identified by Harold Huycke who was aboard the ship in New Orleans in 1948. Thanks to all who wrote. We enjoy the responses and hope that you find them as interesting as we do.
Location, Location, Location
12
The photo is undoubtedly the fourmasted bark Hawaiian Isles. There are a few distinctive features which help with her identity: the bowsprit coming out of the fore deck, with no distinctive beak beneath the bowsprit as so many ships of that time had. She has double hawsepipes, which is not very unusual, but the Hawaiian Isles did have this feature It appears from limited view that the ship is a single t' gallant fourmasted bark, which the Hawaiian Isles was.
The Hawaiian Isles is a very well known ship, built in Scotland in 1892 for San Francisco owners, and was operated under the Hawaiian flag, until she came under American registry. She was later the Star of Greenland, one of the famous Alaska Packers Association ships, sold to Sweden in 1929 and thereafter, till 1942, operated by the Abraham Rydberg Society and known as Abraham Rydberg. After she went to the Portuguese in 1942, she was gradually cut down to a motorship, operated in the Gulf of Mexico and North Atlantic till about 1958 and finally scrapped in Italy. Her longtime Swedish master, a friend of mine named Oscar Malmberg, died only last September in his home town of Halstad, Sweden.
The profile of the hill in the background of the lithograph is Linnton, Oregon, on the west side of the Willamette River. Photograph taken in 1994.
Her history has been printed and preserved in any number of places, and I have a pretty good record of her voyages, various owners, some data on her captains and crews, and fairly long career. I was aboard the ship in New Orleans in 1948 when she was pretty well cut down.
The background of the lumber mill in the lithograph is West Oregon Lumber Mill which is located in Linnton, Oregon. Photograph taken in the fall of 1956 from terminal 4, slip 1.
-Harold Huycke
According to Gary Larsen's letter and wonderfully detailed photographs, our" mystery" vessel was docked at the terminal 4 area on the east side of the Willamette River in Linn ton, Oregon. "The device at the stern [of the Hawaiian Isles] appears to be part of the loading conveyors or tower at the bulk storage facility. The bulk handing plant was completed November, 1920 and was adjoining pier 5 at terminal 4." Gary writes that the mill and dock in the background is the West Oregon Lumber Mill. It is 900 feet long and located on the west side of the Willamette River.
The Bark Hawaiian Isles
Mystery Vessel Identified
with her twelve islanders, replacements for the men who had deserted in Hawai'i. The Tonquin's captain, Jonathan Thorn, was under orders from John Jacob Astor to establish a fortified trading post on the Columbia River. This was to be Fort Astoria. The island crewmen proved themselves to be invaluable when the Tonquin attempted to cross the Columbia River Bar in the rough conditions found in March. Thorn gave the command to lower two whaleboats and take soundings. That decision proved to be fatal. One boat was lost with seven men, and the other was swamped, and two men drowned. This boat had two Hawaiians on board and they were able to cope with the rough water conditions due to their physical strength and superb abilities as swimmers. One of the survivors later wrote that he witnessed the two islanders right the capsized whaleboat, bail out water and recover one of the oars. They were then able to haul him into the boat and save his life.
Descendants of the First Sailors Visit the Columbia River
Thousands of years ago the Polynesian peoples began sailing the Pacific Ocean. They scattered themselves across half the South Pacific in a wave of migration that began in the Philippine Islands and did not stop until it had reached the northernmost island grouping, the Hawaiian Islands. Isolated by thousands of miles of open water, the early Hawaiians established a vast network of intra-island water routes, some of them many hundreds of miles apart. Voyaging to neighboring islands was of great socioeconomic importance, for trading, spiritual journeys and conquest could only be accomplished in this manner.
-Rachel Wynne, Museum Store Manager
13
The duo landed in Seattle and sailed north to Vancouver, B.C. In May, the voyaging canoes separated. The Hawai'iloa headed north to Juneau, Alaska and the Hokule'a swung south towards San Diego, California. On her southerly ambassadorial trip, the Hokule'a made Astoria one of her Columbia River stops. The Columbia River Maritime Museum was her home for several days and the crew bunked aboard the lightship Columbia WLV-604, where they enjoyed sleeping in real beds and taking hot showers. Museum staff greatly enjoyed getting to know the crew of Hokule'a and their support team. Conversations with Captain Kimo Lyman and Cultural Advisor Kaniela Akaka revealed that the wayfinders had encountered something unexpected and very rewarding from the moment they arrived in the Northwest. At every port of call, they met overwhelming numbers of descendants from the first Hawaiians to have come to the Pacific Northwest. These descendants are among the people of the Canadian First Nations and Native American tribes, who intermarried long ago with Hawaiian emigrants.
The Hokule' a is a replica of an ancient multi-hulled voyaging canoe used by the Polynesians. Photo courtesy of Hawai'i Maritime Center.
For the crew of the Hokule'a, making contact with the descendants of those first Hawaiians was the realization of a dream. When they finally reach those tropic shores with warm beaches and waving palms, these voyagers will return home with more than they started out with.
Early in July of 1812, the Fort was completed. John Coxe was released from his contract with the Pacific Fur Company. He then signed articles with the North West Company of Montreal. He left the fort with the explorer and surveyor David Thompson, who had been resting up for a week before returning overland up the Columbia River Basin to Canada. After reaching Fort William on Lake Superior's Thunder Bay at the end of July, 1812, they learned of England's declaration of war on America. Coxe found his way aboard H.M.S. Racoon, bound for the Pacific Northwest to seize Fort Astoria. When the ship arrived, they discovered that the fort had peacefully negotiated its own purchase with representatives of the North West Company who had come by the overland route. When the Racoon sailed away, John Coxe was not aboard. He decided to stay at the newly dubbed Fort George, now a British post, with the remaining original twenty-six Hawaiians until
This spring, a group of Hawaiian sailors set out from the Hawaiian Islands with two traditional multi-hulled replica voyaging canoes, Hokule'a and Hawai'iloa. This group of sailors and their canoes have mastered the ancient art of wayfinding, or instrument-free navigation. They came to the Pacific Northwest on a mission of education and rediscovering their Hawaiian heritage, sponsored by Wayfinders of the Pacific, Hawai'i Maritime Center, Polynesian Voyaging Society, and many other state and local organizations.
"Mahala" to the crew of the Hokule'a for sharing their heritage and knowledge of the ancient wayfinding skills with the Columbia River Maritime Museum.
Who were those first Hawaiians? History tells us that merchant ships from the late 1700s carried away native islanders. After this time it became common for commercial ships to carry away both men and women along with their regular provisioning. When the ship Tonquin entered the Columbia River in March of 1811, she brought
In May of 1812, a second Astor ship, the Beaver, arrived at Fort Astoria from Hawai'i bringing an additional twenty-six contracted island laborers. After the Tonquin and the Beaver departed, some of these Hawaiians stayed on under contract with Astor Pacific Fur company to finish the construction of the fort. One of these was John Coxe, so named for his resemblance to his namesake, a crewman aboard the Tonquin. Coxe, whose real name was Naukane, was part of the royal Hawaiian extended family and was sent to act as royal observer by King Kamehameha to protect his peoples' interests.
1814, when he returned home to Hawai'i. Although the history books give dates for the first Hawaiian Islanders to visit the Pacific Northwest, there may have been some who preceded these. According to Kaniela Akaka and more than a few anthropologists, it is quite possible that voyaging canoes may have made it as far as the Queen Charlotte Straits and Vancouver Island possibly as early as 11 AD. Hawaiian sailors may have headed north to look for other islands and could have been caught in the strong Kuroshio current, which fans out into the North Pacific Drift. The course of the current sweeps across the Aleutian archipelago, down through the coastal waters of Southeast Alaska and Canada. The ancient Hawaiian voyagers were expert sailors and navigators. Their maritime knowledge and skills may have been enough to carry a few lost canoes to landfall in the Pacific Northwest.
Quarterdeck, Vol. 21 No. 3/4
Marcus F. Elfving
James F. Kindred, Jr.Mr & Mrs. Wallace Martens Mr. & Mrs Sion Wentworth
Betty Belcher
ArviJ. Hynen
Marilyn E. Jylha
Vince Fauver
Bill Kennell Blanch Almira Ballew Juanita M. Dichter
Astoria Lions Club
Irene Martin
Mr. & Mrs. Charles E. Hansen
Mr. & Mrs. Charles Beatie
Mr. & Mrs Harry L. Larson Marilyn & Carl Utzinger G John Haglund
Mr. & Mrs Kenneth Lockett
Mr. & Mrs. Ted Bugas
Memorial Donations - April 1 - July 31, 1995
Mr & Mrs. Jack R. Dant
Gladys Haglund Duncan
Boatswain Dale W. Lange Strom-Bourland Ed & Evie O'Brian Joyce H. Mack
Lillian Joan Holton
Rudy Lovvold
Mrs. Helen A. Anderson Kenneth Skei Berg
Donald V. Riswick
Grace & Kelly Larson
Pilot Gordon Umino Sali Diamond
Dr . & Mrs. Everett E. Jones
Mark, Kari & Ryan Walsh H. Hubbell
Robert L. Hjorten
Arnold Krippendorf Bill & Madonna Pitman Dorothy Labiske
Bikes & Beyond C. E. Pritchard
Evelyn Cooper
Harriette E. Forney
Mr. & Mrs. Patrick Kirrane Mr & Mrs. Jonathan Krebs Edgar G. Bletcher, D. D.
Rex & Nancy Anderson
Mr & Mrs. Robert N Terrall Jim & Irene Ochal
Dennis & Karen OlaLarson F Labiske
Mr. & Mrs. D . E. Link Walter & Dolores Schade
Virginia M. Estoos
Marjorie J. Arnold
Boatswain
Borghild S Coleman
Mr & Mrs Walfred Degernes Leonard Haga Edgar G. Bletcher, D. D. Stewart & Charlotte Cameron
Sylvia E. Holm
Captain & Mrs. John Hafenbrack Adeline B Daum
Mr. & Mrs. Toivo Mustonen Ed Lundholm
Donald V. Riswick
The Howard Hedrick Family
Jayne W. Ballman
Crew/Family Helmsman
Mr. & Mrs. Robert M. Oja Ed Lundholm
Ensign/Individual
David & Robin Miller
David D Chomeau
Bill & Madonna Pitman
Ed Lunholm Allan J. Bernhoff
Annabell Miller
John Gaw Lorraine Bourland & Priscilla Mitch & Toni Mitchum
Mr & Mrs. D. E Link
Mr & Mrs Harry L. Larson
Paula T Morrow
Sam Wardle
Mr. & Mrs Robert W Turner
Harold Stewart
•
Don 0. Corkill
Sigrid M. Kamara
Brusco Tug & Barge, JohnInc. McClelland, Jr. Dorothy R. Mickelson Jerry Ostermiller
Mr. & Mrs. Harry L. Larson
Herbert Theodore Hacker
Donald V Riswick
Mervin & Elva Mae Andersen
Mr & Mrs Ron Walther
Henri Chomeau
Melvin H. Iverson
Helmsman Richard G . Reiten Mark Acuna
Henningsen Cold Storage, Ray A. Williams
Allan J. Bernhoff
Increased Memberships - April 1 - July 31, 1995
Donald W. Magnusen Peg & John Christie Company Mrs. Henry Wilsen
Stephen & Caroline Brandt Rob & Lois Pearson
Mr. & Mrs. Alan Goldsmith
Astoria Warehousing Inc. William R. Schultz Jean E. Larson Attorneys
Lowell W. "Slim" Altheide Loretta Barbara Bonnell
John E. Griffith
Mr & Mrs. Carl Bondietti
Andrew & Darlene Borland
Crew/Family Douglas Karnes
Jane & Frank Foti Norma McGregor Lawson W . Brigham Bob & Grace Rudd
Ted & Diane Natt Rob Rudd S. S. Johnson Foundation
Diane Chaney
Thomas D Anderson
June Spence
New Members - April 1 - July 31, 1995
John F. Gustafson
American West Steamboat Lucille Perkins Pamela F. Bulkley John Rylkki Company
Captain & Mrs Barry A. Barrett Navigator
Florence E. Larson
Carl K Lofgren
Herbert A. Jalonen Paul & Louise Phillips Howard & Mary Lovvold
George Kesti
Emmy Oren
Mr. & Mrs . Paul Reimers
Margaret Martin & Allan Schulz
Margaret I. Hughes
Thomas F. Mannex
Captain Matt Winters
Mr & Mrs Wayne Tolonen
Charles Sherrod
Edith Henderson Bletcher Marva Jean Frisbie
Mr. & Mrs. Arthur Huber Brownhill & Henningsgaard,
Pilot
14
Mr. & Mrs Charles Boyce Henningsen Dairy
Mr. & Mrs. Harold C.Marlyss Nelson ArmasHendriksen & Thelma Niskanen Alice W. SylviaHerrmann Roberts Frieda W. Jack
Bill Stafford
Costco Wholesale Daniel N David Thomas Dyer Leonard Ellis
Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth E Moore
Anchor Graphics
David A. Nov/an
Michael Francis Mcswain Ernest J. Pesio Dennis & Karen Larson
John McGowan
Mr . & Mrs. Harold Jacob
Mr. & Mrs. 0. W. Beasley Mr. & Mrs Harold Slrassen Mr. & Mrs Philip J. Blair
Ted & Diane Natt
Mr. & Mrs. Paul Tolonen
Mr & Mrs. William R. King Carolyn, John, Connie & Mr. & Mrs. Toivo Kivisto Christine Shepherd Dorothy Labiske Truman & Kathleen Slotte Ola F Labiske June Spence
Mr. & Mrs. Gerald H. Carlson William C. Elder Pat & Alice Codd Trudy Enke
Special Donations
Mr. & Mrs. J. W. Forrester Captain & Mrs Rod Leland David Kruger
Mr. & Mrs. Richard K. Jackson Scott A Seppa Mildred & Bob Jones Ruth L. Shaner
Captain J. M. Baldry
Leonard Haga Fishhawk Fisheries, Inc. Mr. & Mrs. Sven B. Lund Mary Freeman & Bonnie Ed Lundholm Flemming
Donald R Tucker
Astoria Lions Club
Mr. & Mrs. Ward Paldanius Margaret Waisanen Margaret Waisanen
Mr. & Mrs Raymond V Linda Mumma Johnson
Mr. & Mrs. Leonard Truitt Florence Lindgren Bob Williamson Joann & Edward Lovatt
Paula T. Morrow
Axel Hendrick Niemi Mr. & Mrs Robert Palmrose Mr. & Mrs Warren Skaggs, Sr. Eldon & Betty Korpela June Spence Sylvia Roberts
Edwin Fisher Stella & Thomas Elliott Mr . & Mrs . Russ Fluhrer
Mr. & Mrs . Bob Canessa Howard Chastain Maurie Clark
Paul Reimers
Mr. & Mrs. William H. Bishop Mr. & Mrs. Robert M. Oja Arthur L. Speke Mr. & Mrs Orvo Piippo Michael & Sandie Ramsdell Truman E. Slotte Sylvia Roberts
George & Helen Blinco Albert W. Palmer
Mr & Mrs. Eugene Knutsen Mr. & Mrs Carl R. Hertig Martha L. Lambert Mr. & Mrs Ellis Hill Walt & Doris McManis Mr. & Mrs. John E. Hill Mr & Mrs Perry Nordmark Ailie Huhtala Conrad & Carolyn Petersen
E. H. Smith Ed Lundholm Sylvia Mowrey
Robert/. Tagg Mr & Mrs John R. Warila
Mr & Mrs. Louis J. Kennedy, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Henry M. Niemi, Sr Eleanor L. Sorrels Mr. & Mrs. Martin Nygaard Frieda Obrist
Beatrice E. WhiteMr. & Mrs C. Delmer Boman Mr. & Mrs. Ernest E Brown
Kurt Nelson Oregon Chapter, US Lighthouse Society, Inc
Rob Rudd Charles Shea Teamsters Council #37 US National Bank Captain & Mrs. C. S. Wetherell Wheeler Foundation
Jim F. Parker
Leila I. Marincovich Mr . & Mrs . Carl Bondietti Mr. & Mrs. Heinz J. Fick Doanld V Riswick Curtis Olsen & Becky Myers Captain Patton
rr'fianfc 'You
Maritime Studies Program
A membership telephone survey was conducted to learn more about our members. We learned what our members enjoy about the Museum and aspects of their membership A special thank you to those who participated.
Fl.orence Marie Paaso Alexander Luft Clara E Miles
Jerry Ostermiller
Quarterdeck, Vol. 21 No. 3/4 15
Donald W. Shaw
Pete J Brix
Henry Armas Lunki Clara E Miles Donald V. Riswick
Mr & Mrs. Ernest E. Larson Mr & Mrs Mark Tolonen Wally Larson
Paul & Louise Phillips Patricia & Buddy Custard Theresa Wilson Marietta Doney Arvi W. Ostrom Ted & Kathleen Douglas
Mr & Mrs. Arthur Chan George R Netzel Mr. & Mrs Sigfred C. Jensen Mr & Mrs Charles E. Hansen Dorothy Labiske
Mr. & Mrs Eugene Knutsen Wallace & Betty Carlson Mr. & Mrs. Harry L. Larson Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth Carlstrom Teresa Woods Dorothy L. Churchill Bill & Madonna Mr.Pitman & Mrs . Don Fisher
April 1 - July 31, 1995
Doug & Terry Arnall Bill & Madonna Pitman Mr. & Mrs. Robert Chopping Edward M. Opdycke Mr. & Mrs. David D. Corkill CRMM Staff & Volunteers
William & Mildred Simonsen Marcella L. Hatch Mr. & Mrs. Darrell Standage Mr. & Mrs. Carl J. Tolonen Charles F. Stuck Mr. & Mrs Mark Tolonen Mr. & Mrs. Harry L. Larson Mr. & Mrs. Paul Tolonen
Mr. & Mrs Harry L. Larson Beverly Aspmo Waller E. Larson
Dixon J Scoffern
Mr & Mrs. J. E. Grove Alice Tolonen
Melvin "Mac" McCleary Douglas & Marie Hopkins Buddy Hoell Bill & Madonna Pitman William Clyde Perkins, Sr. Laura Samuelson Mr & Mrs. Gene A. Hill
Norman & Idamae Forney Mr. & Mrs. William M Kline Henningsen Dairy
Mark your calendars for Friday, November 10th for the 33rd Annual Meeting and Banquet at the Astoria Golf and Country Club in Warrenton. A no-host cocktail hour begins at 5:30 p.m. with the annual membership meeting at 6:30 p.m ., followed by dinner at 7:00 p.m. Special guest speaker Captain Mike Dillon, Columbia River Bar Pilot, will tell his life and death tale of surviving a ship transfer accident in the midst of a vicious winter storm. Watch for your invitation in the mail.
SPECIAL EVENTS
The time is here for ringing in the holiday season with the Museum's annual Holiday Program, Sunday, December 10, 1995. Our doors are open from 9:30 a.m . to 5:00 p.m., with free admission to the Museum galleries. A special holiday program beginning at noon will bring you musical festivities with many local choral and performing groups.
November 10, 1995
Annual Meeting and Banquet
Annual Holiday Program
December 10, 1995
We are excited to announce that our feature performers are William Pint and Felicia Dale The well-travelled duo, from Seattle, combine traditional sea chanties and folk songs with a touch of their own invention . They also play contemporary melodies and ballads of the sea with a variety of styles and instruments
A book signing gala will be hosted by the Museum Store. Among other outstanding authors, Pulizter Prize winner William Dietrich will be signing his thought-provoking Northwest Passage . Don't miss this fun filled event perfect for the whole family!
COLUMBIA RIVER MARITIME MUSEUM 1792 MARINE DRIVE Non-profit Organization U.S. POSTAGE ASTORIA,PAID OREGON 97103 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED FORWARDING & RETURN POST AGE GUARANTEED USSN 0891-2661 Astoria, Oegon Permit No 328