Lab di circa il 5% e con una tinta “indefinita”. Comunque, indipendentemente dalla tecnologia usata, queste lenti tagliando quantità di radiazione di basse lunghezze d’onda diminuiscono la diffusione (d = 1/ λ 4) e quindi, teoricamente, dovrebbero aumentare il contrasto e “ottimizzare” la visione. Tralasciando questo aspetto, di non facile evidenziazione, si può co-
munque affermare che, eliminando una parte delle radiazioni responsabili delle problematiche descritte, queste lenti rappresentino una valida soluzione nei confronti della P.O. Inoltre, l’eventuale realizzazione della coloritura su tali filtri o lenti correttive, porterebbe a creare un occhiale da sole che può definirsi ad alta protezione ottica.
Riferimenti bibliografici • Cora Roehlecke,1 Ulrike Schumann, Marius Ader, Lilla Knels, Richard H.W. Funk (2011) Influence of blue light on photoreceptors in a live retinal explant system - Molecular Vision 2011; 17:876-884. • Bullough JD, Rea MS, Figueiro MG. (2006) Of mice and women: light as a circadian stimulus in breast cancer research. Cancer Causes Control; 17:375–383 • Cinzano P., Falchi F., Elvidge C.D. (2001) The first world atlas of the artificial night sky brightness, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 328, 689-707 (ISSN: 0035-8711) • Glickman, G., Levin, R., Brainard, G. C., (2002) Ocular Input for Human Melatonin Regulation: Relevance to Breast Cancer, Neuroendocrinology Letters, 23 (suppl 2):17-22 • Hankins MW, Lucas RJ, (2002) The Primary Visual Pathway in Humans Is Regulated According to Long-Term Light Exposure through the Action of a Nonclassical Photopigment, Current Biology,12(3), 191–198 • Knels, L., Valtink, M., Roehlecke, C., Lupp, A., de la Vega, J., Mehner, M. and Funk, R. H. W. (2011), Blue light stress in retinal neuronal (R28) cells is dependent on wavelength range and irradiance. European Journal of Neuroscience, 34: 548– 558. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07790.x • Navara, K., J., Nelson, R., J., (2007) The dark side of light at night: physiological, epidemiological, and ecological consequences. J. Pineal Res. 43:215-224 • Osborne NN., Nunes Alvares C.,Del Olmo-Aguardo S. (2014) The effect of visual blue light on mitochondrial function associated with retinal ganglions cell,Exp Eye Res.. 2014 Nov, 128:8-14 • Rich, C and Longcore, T., editors, (2006) Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting, Island Press • Oh. J. H., Yoo H., Park H. K., Do Y. R. Analysis of the circadian properties and healthy levels of blue light from smartphones at night. Scientific reports. 06/2015; 5:11325. DOL:10.1038/srep11325 • 2015 Digital Eye Strain Report “Hindsight is 20/20/20: Protect Your Eyes drom Digital Devices”. The Vision Council. • 2016 Digital Eye Strain Report “Eyes Overexposed: The Digital Device Dilemma”. The Vision Council. • Moreno I, Contreras U. Colour distribution from multicolour LED arrays. Opt Express. 2007; 15:3607-3618 • Wang Y, Wang Y, Chi N, Yu ], Shang H. Demonstration of S75. Mb/s downlink and 225-Mb/s uplinlk bi-directional SCM-WDM visible light communication using RGB LED and phosphor- based LED. Opt Express. 2013; 21:1203-1208.
10
• Tosini G., Ferguson l., Tsubota K. Effects of blue light on the circadian system and eye physiology. Molecular Vision 2016; 22:61-72. [PMID: 4734149] • Oh J. H., Yoo H., Park H. K., Do Y. R. Analysis of circadian properties and healthy levels of blue light from smartphones at night. Scientific Reports. 06/2015. S:11325/ DOI:10.1038/srep11325 • Lee J.B., Kim S.H., Lee S.C., Kim l-l.G., Ann H.G., Li Z, Yoon K.C. Blue light-induced oxidative stress in human comeal epithelial cells: protective effects of ethanol extracts of various medicinal plant mixture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Jun 12; 55(7):4119-27. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13o13441. • Graef K., Schaeffel F. Control of accomodation by longitudinal chromatic aberration and bleu cones Journal of Vision (2012) 12(1):14,1-12 • Jaadane I, Boulenguez P, Chahory S, Carrè S, Savoldelli M, Jonet L, Behar-Cohen F, Martinsons C, Torriglia A. Retinal damage induced bv commercial LEDs. Free Radic Biol Med. 2015 Jul; 84:373-84. doi: 110.1016fj.freeradbiomed2015.03.034. Epub 2015 Apr 8 • Thomas 88, Seiler Ml, Aramant RB, Samant 0, Qiu G, Vyas N, Arai $, Chen Z, Sadda SR. Visual functional effects of constant blue light in a retinal degenerate rat model. Photochem Photobe 2007; 83:759-65. [PMIDz 17115798]. • Narimatsu T, Ozawa Y, Miyake S, Kubota S, Yuki K, Nagai N, Tsubota K. Biological effects of blocking blue and other visible light on the mouse retina. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2014; 42:555-63. [PMID: 24304494] • Sparrow J. R., Nakanishi K., Parish G.A The lipofuscin fluorophore A’E Mediates blue light -induced damage to retinal pigmented epithelial cells. IOVS, 06/2000, vol.41, No.7 • Roehlecke C1, Schumann U, Ader M, Knels L, Funl: RH. Influence of blue light on photoreceptors in a live retinal explant system. Mol Vis. 2011 Apr 8; 17: 876-84. [PMID: 3081800] • Margrain TH, Boulton M, Marshall J, Sliney Dl-I. Do blue light filters confer protection against age-related macular degeneration? Frog Retin Eye Res 2004; 23:52331. [PMlDz 15302349] • Algvere PV, Marshall ], Seregard S. Age-related maculopathv and the impact of blue light hazard. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2006; 8424-15. [PMIDz 16445433]. • Roehlecke C., Schumann U., Ader M., Brunssen C., Bramke S., Morawietz H., Funk R.H. Stress reaction ‘n outer segments of photoreceptors after blue light irradiation. P105 One. 2013 Sep 11;8 (9):e71570. doi: 10.1371houmal.pone.0071570. eCollection 2013. [PMID: 3770596] • Roehledxe Cl, Schumann U, Ader M, Knels L, Funk RH. Influence of blue light on photoreceptors in a live retinal explant system. Mol Vis. 2011 Apr 8; 17: 876-84.
N9 2016 - Supplemento Protezione Oculare