Building Science and Services e-Portfolio

INTRODUCTION

The selected site/space is my(client's) bedroom that I use most frequently for work purposes in the house. There is also a bathroom that is connected to/ in the bedroom. This is a rented unit that I have been staying in for the past 10 years with my family. The majority of the furniture has remained unchanged since the first year we moved into this house, and the owner has made no major renovations in the last 10 years.

The interior layout of the bedroom is pretty basic with a built-in wardrobe, wall mounted air conditioner and furniture and lighting fixtures provided by the owner. The room is in the North direction, hence sun rays will penetrate through the north-facing windows during the afternoon. As I use my room the most during the daytime for studying and other work purposes, my comfort is affected by the daylighting and ventilation in the room

BEDROOM IN THE AFTERNOON VIEW

BATHROOM CONNECTED TO THE BEDROOM

PROBLEMS AND OCCURING ISSUES

1) LIGHTING FOR THE DRESSING TABLE

During the day, I use the dressing table as a study table as there is no space in the room to add another table. However, during online class or even while studying, the light that comes in from the windows is not enough for me to study in comfort. Furthermore, when my video is turned on during online class, it is pretty dark hence my face is not that visible. The lux meter app measured the lux of the room during the day to be 25lx only, as shown in Figure 1. Whereas, the lux near the dressing table measured only 7lx. as shown in Figure 2.

SOLUTION:

MULTI COLOR BATTERY OPERATED WIRELESS SPOTLIGHT

This LED spotlight called LEASTYLE, as shown in Figure 3, is an improved alternative to a normal table/desk lamp due to its installation and multi-colored usage. With 3 modes of brightness, the double-sided tape or included screws help set the light at a high position, which saves space on the table being used for work. Furthermore, the remote that comes with the product provides a variety of color choices to be showcased in terms of lighting, creating a pleasant atmosphere, which includes a strong white light suitable for the work space as well.

FIGURE 1: SHOWING THE LUX METER APP FIGURE 2: LUX VALUE AT THE DRESSING TABLE

the spotlight works on 3 AA batteries which saves electricity used within the room (electrical energy saving), and the batteries can be long lasting regarding its brand or time of usage, which is not throughout the day.

FIGURE 3: MULTICOLOR WIRELESS SPOTLIGHT

2) PENDANT LIGHT

The pendant light in my room, as shown is Figure 4, is being used for the about 10 years now and a thing that I noticed is that one bulb would always burn out. This might be due to loose connections, which means the electricity is jumping and not flowing as the circuit is not tightly completed causing the light bulb to blow.

FIGURE 4: PENDANT LIGHT DURING THE DAY AND NIGHT RESPECTIVELY

SOLUTION: 8-ARMED LED CHANDELIER FROM IKEA

I decided to replace the previous pendant light with this pendant ceiling light from IKEA, as it is more aesthetically pleasing and modern looking compared to the existing pendant light.

3) 14.5W PHILIPS LED BULB IN WARM WHITE

Adding on, I chose that pendant ceiling light particularly because I wanted to use warm white LED bulbs in my room instead of normal white ones, which this new chandelier allows me to do. I wanted to use warm white LED bulbs as warmer colors tend to give a more comfortable and cozy ambience to the space which is something is I prefer when it comes to lighting, not to mention it is also more aesthetically pleasing.

4) BATHROOM LIGHT

The lux value that is sufficient for bathrooms is generally 150lx. However, the down light installed in the bathroom, as shown in Figure 5 does not provide enough light as the lux value measured in the bathroom is only 77lx, as shown in Figure 6.

FIGURE 5: SHOWING THE DOWN LIGHT WHE SWITCHED OFF AND ON RESPECTIVELY

FIGURE 6: SHOWING THE LUX VALUE

This Philips round light can distribute light from a high-quality LED light source uniformly and is long lasting for up to 15000 hours. It can save up to 80% of energy compared to the standard incandescent light source used in my bathroom right now.

5) POWER SOCKET

There are only 2 power sockets in my room, one that is near the bed that I use for charging my phone at night and another one that is used for the stand fan. When using my laptop on the dressing table for studies and work, there is no power socket for me to plug my laptop into to charge it.

SOLUTION

Hence, I would want to add another power socket near the dressing table to make it more convenient for me to charge my laptop and do my work

POWER SOCKET NEAR THE BED

POWER SOCKET FOR THE STAND FAN

INTRODUCTION

This project aims to identify the facing, area and heat transfer of walls of a selected space. The chosen site for this assignment is the master bedroom that is used not only for sleeping but for study and work purposes too. In the below plan, the purple color is Wall 1 with a window that faces 0° North, the yellow color is Wall 2, the red one Wall 3 and lastly the blue one being Wall 4

R-VALUE CALCULATION FORMULA

R-values are a measure of the thermal resistance of a material of a specific thickness, that is, its resistance to the transfer of heat across it. The higher the R-value of a material, the more effective it is as an insulator.

F° = temperature, in degree Fahrenheit

Ft² = area, in feet square

Hr = time, in hour

BTU (British Thermal unit) = the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.

HEAT GAIN & LOSS CALCULATION EQUATION FOR CONDUCTION

This is the formula used to calculate the heat flow through a solid by conduction

q = heat flow, Btu/hr

A = area, ft²

R = resistance, ft²-hr-°F/Btu

T = temperature differential, °F Higher temperature – Lower temperature

Below is a table for R-value references:

Source : https://www archtoolbox com/r-values/

The R-value of all the materials on the walls of the room are calculated according to the table above.

Concrete wall (Wall 1 to Wall 4)

Thickness = 120mm = 0.12m = 4.724" R-value = 4.724" x 0.52 = 2.457

Window (single pane/glazed)

Thickness = 1/4" thk R-value = 0.91

Door D1 and D2

Thickness = 1 3/4" thk R-value = 2.71

120mm thk concrete wall with stone aggregates Height 2.7m, Width 2.69m Single glazing 2 panel casement window Window is 1 67m tall and 1 2m wide Grills are 20mm thk

Area of Concrete wall Including window = 2.69W x 2.7H = 7.263m²

Area of Single-Glazing window = 1.2W x 1.67H = 2.004m² = 21.57ft²

Area of concrete wall excluding window Excluding window = 7.263m² - 2.004m²= 5.259m² = 56.60ft²

120mm thk concrete wall with stone aggregates

Height 2 7m, Width 3 34m Adjacent to wall 1 (left) and wall 3 (right)

Area of Concrete wall

= 3.34W x 2.7H

= 9.018m²

= 97.06ft²

120mm thk concrete wall with stone aggregates Height 2.7m, Width 2.21m Adjacent to wall 2 (left) and wall 3 (right) Contains a single leaf 1 3/4"thk solid wood door (D2) Door 2 dimensions 0.735W x 2.1H

Area of Concrete wall

Including door = 2.21W x 2.7H = 5.967m²= 64.22ft²

Area of Door D2

= 0 735W x 2 1H = 1 5435m² = 16 61ft²

Area of Concrete wall excluding door

Excluding door = 5 967m² - 1 5435m² = 4 4235m²= 47 61ft²

Area of Concrete wall

Including door = 3.55W x 2.7H = 9.585m²= 103.17ft²

Area of Door D1

= 0.9W x 2.1H = 1.89m² = 20.34ft²

Area of Concrete wall excluding door

Excluding door = 9.585m² - 1.89m² = 7.695m²= 82.82ft²

120mm thk concrete wall with stone aggregates

Height 2 7m, Width 3 55m

Adjacent to wall 1 (right) and wall 3 (left)

Contains a single leaf 1 3/4"thk solid wood door (D1)

Door 1 dimensions 0.9W x 2.1H

DESIGN VALUE

Design

Value = Market value - Material cost

= [(40+80+60+30+17+15+80+40+40+10+30+30+30+35++30+20+20+30+10+15+10+10+10+15+30+20+25)/27] - 50.71

= [782/27] - 50.71

= 28 96 - 50 71

= -RM 21.75

REFLECTION

Through this assignment I learnt that there are various ways to minimalize heat transfer, for example, with simple materials like wood, felt and foam board. I am pretty happy and satisfied with the result of my product because although it is simple, it is very useful for me and I will definitely be using it in my room Whereas, when it comes to the price I got -RM 21 75, so I need to look into how I can reduce the amount I spent on the materials.

Overall, all the products that my classmates came up with were unique and very functional. Although personally, I liked JS's product the most because of its simple but aesthetically pleasing visual and because of the idea itself This project overall was a lot of fun as we finally got to do something hands on and come up with a physical model. Thank you to Ms. Sharon for guiding us through out every step and for giving us this fun assignment.

Task

1(a)- Site Selection & Qualitative Description of Incorporated Building Services

INTRODUCTION OF SELECTED SITE

PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF SITE- VINYL STORE

The site selection for my final project is located at the 3M(mezzanine) floor of the treehouses in Tamarind Square, which is also my IAD3 final project site. The site I've chosen from my project is a Records/Vinyl store. It's a store for people that are keen on collecting vinyls and those music lovers that still like to listen to music the old school 80's and 90's way. The vinyls stores in wooden crates and also hung on the walls for display can be bought or can be borrowed as well. There is also a record player in the store for those who want to listen to the vinyls in the store itself.

The types of building services included into the space are lighting and VAC For lighting, downlights are used for the entire area to achieve sufficient lighting illuminance level. Next, LED strip lights are used as the project as a whole has a running theme of led strip and neon lighting. This is also because it offers good ambient lighting for a better retail environment. Whereas, for VAC equipment, there are a few units of cassettes used to cool the entire space.

LED STRIP LIGHT

VAC EQUIPMENT- CASSETTE

ROUND LED DOWNLIGHT

WOOODEN CRATES AS VINYL RAKCS VINYL DISPLAY

Task 1(b)- Designing and Justification of Building Services Selection & Location

1.1) SPECIFICATIONS

Lighting Fixtures 1.

(A) Round LED Downlight

SPECIFICATIONS

Model- Recessed downlight Non-dimmable Built-in LED Base Color- White Color temperature- Warm White (3000K) Dimensions- 95mm x 25mm (Cut out length = 70mm) Lumen- 560lm Voltage- 160V ~ 265V

This is the main lighting used in the site and it is high efficiency and easy to install. It has 4 different sizes and power which are 7W (3"), 12W (4"), 18W (6") and 24W (8") but I used the smallest one which is 7W (3") for my site.

Monthly energy use of electrical item

Energy use per hour (kW) × Time spent in a day (Hours) × 30(days) 0.007kW × 7H × 30days= 1.47kWhr

SPECIFICATIONS

Input Voltage- AC220V

LED Type- SMD 2835

LED Quantity- 120 LEDs/M

Power- 12W/M Waterproof Rate- IP65

Beam Angle- 120 Color temperature- Warm white/Cool white Cutting Unit Length- About 1 Meter (can only cut in the middle of black mark) Size (W*H)- About 16x8mm Strip length- About 1M/3.3ft, 3M/9.8ft , 5M/16.4ft

SPECIFICATIONS

Model- FCF60CVM/RZF60CVM

Cooling Capacity- 20,500 BTU/HR , 2 5HP Power Consumption- 2050W Type- Cassette Type Inverter (WIFI) Compact Wireless Controller Feature- Fats cooling, sensor control, timer, Wi-Fi Connected

Daikin Premium Invertor Cassette 2 5 HP is the main VAC equipment used in the site With high ceiling in the site, the Daikin Premium Invertor Cassette 2.5 HP is suitable for cooling the entire space in the site.

Monthly energy use of VAC equipment

Energy use per hour (kW) × Time spent in a day (Hours) × 30(days) 2 05kW × 10H × 30days= 615kWhr

TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION PER MONTH

Lighting fixtures + VAC Equipment 1.47 + 2.52 + 615 = 618.99kWhr

1.2)

Air Conditioner Sizing Calculation

AC size calculation AC size (HP)=Total Heat Load (BTU)÷9800 Total heat load contains area BTU, window BTU, occupants BTU, equipment BTU and lighting BTU.

Step 1: calculate area

BTU Length (ft) × width(ft)×31.25

Length of the room = 5000mm = 16.40ft Width of the room = 5000mm = 16.40ft 16.40×16.40×31.25= 8405(BTU)

Step 2: calculate window

BTU South window BTU = Area of South facing windows (m. sq.) x 868

If no shading, South window BTU = South window BTU×1.4 Area of south facing window = 2.4m × 2.85m 2.4×2.85×1.4×868= 8,311.97(BTU)

Step

3: calculate occupants

BTU Occupant BTU = number of people x 600BTU number of people= 25 25×600= 15000(BTU)

Step 4: calculate

equipment BTU

Equipment BTU = total equipment watts x 3.4 Total equipment watts=0 0×3 4= 0(BTU)

Step 5: calculate

lighting BTU

Lighting BTU = total lighting watts x 4.25 total lighting watts = 7+12 = 19 19×4.25= 80.75(BTU)

Step 6: calculate the total BTU

Total value of step 1 to 5 8405 + 8,311.97+ 15000 + 0 + 80.75 = 31797.72(BTU)

Step 7: put step6 result into the AC size formula

AC size (HP)=Total Heat Load (BTU)÷9800 31797 72 ÷9800= 3.24 (HP)