CTLR Winter Magazine

Volume 1

CTLR Official Online Magazine

Issue 2

“The Texas Longhorn made more history than any Other breed of cattle the civilized world has known.”

J. Frank Dobie the author of the book, THE LONGHORNS

Winter Issue

The Cattlemen’s Texas Longhorn Registry is pleased to share our online magazine. The magazine will be published online quarterly.

About the cover: The “Good Mama” painting

by Oren Mixer. Texas Longhorn cattle are the subject of many Western Artist.

Page 1 – Welcome to CTLR online magazine

The goals of this publication is to create a greater public awareness of the heritage genetics of the Texas Longhorn breed. It is also a way for CTLR to share information with our members, other Texas Longhorn breeders and the general public about the conservancy efforts of the CTLR. The association was founded on the principle of preserving, protecting and promoting the heritage genetics of the Texas Longhorn breed for future generations. These founding principles are why the association has requirements for registration in place that make them uniquely different from other breed registries. Unlike other registries the CTLR requires a DNA test and a visual inspection before the animal can be officially entered into the association herd books. These requirements are an important part of the CTLR’s efforts to maintain the integrity of the Herd Books of the registry to insure that the heritage genetics of the Texas Longhorn are preserved for future generations to enjoy and benefit from.

Page 2 - CTLR Mission Statement & Officers & Directors Page 3-4 – Cow Camp Gathering

Page 5 – Poem “Cattle” Pages 6-8 Why Preserving the Heritage Texas Longhorns is Important Page -10 Meet WP Ranch Page -11 Meet JKG Longhorns Pages – 12-14 Fort Griffin State Park Pages – 19-24 The Longhorn “Maker of History Pages – 25-26 Longhorn Anatomy Pages – 27-28 Member cattle photos Page 33-34 CTLR DNA Testing Explained Page 37- Membership Requirements

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OUR MISSION : Conserve The Original Texas Longhorn History shows us all ways the Texas Longhorns contribution to the Lone Star State. The breed’s unique adaptability provided the much-needed means of survival during Reconstruction through the post-Civil War era.

The key role Longhorn cattle played traveling the long trails North by the millions paved a way for Texas to become the economic leader it is today. It’s hard to imagine any other animal having made as large an impact on its state as has the iconic Texas Longhorn.

The Cattlemen’s Texas Longhorn Registry was formed by one simple goal: to conserve the “original” type of Texas Longhorn.

2023 Officers & Directors James Farr - President Debbie Adams - Vice President Debbie Davis - Treasurer Debby Farr - Secretary

Founding Members

Tim Aycock - Director Will Cradduck - Past President Markham Dossett - Director Robert Lemmon - Director Vivian Page - Director Monroe Sullivan - Past President Eric Woster - Director

Walter Scott Enrique Guerra David Karger Fayette Yates Shelby King Alice King Ed Paynter Joel Carslile John Galle Maudeen Marks Lawrence Wallace C.J. Frantz

For additional information call the CTLR

(512) 975-0777.

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Cattlemen’s Texas Longhorn Registry

Cow Camp Gathering On October 20th & 21st CTLR members and guest gathered at the Farr Cross Ranch for a fun weekend of fellowship, food & Texas Longhorn cattle. The event kicked-off on Friday evening with a steak dinner under the stars. Guest enjoyed a wonderful dinner while getting to visit with their fellow Longhorn enthusiast.

On Saturday morning guest returned to the ranch for a day filled with educational seminars about the CTLR, heritage Texas Longhorns, and updates on DNA test for CTLR cattle.

There were drawings throughout the day for door prizes. Attendees were treated to a wonderful lunch after touring the Farr Cross Ranch herd and viewing cattle that were on display by other members. There were several new members in attendance. Some of the new members left with new additions for their herds. Thank you to everyone who stepped up to help make this a great and fun event. A special thank you to James & Debby Farr for their generosity and willingness to open up their ranch to host this event.

Cattlemen’s Texas Longhorn Registry

Cow Camp Gathering

Cattle

by Berta Hart Nance

Other states were carved or born, Texas grew from hide and horn.

Other states are long or wide, Texas is a shaggy hide, Dripping blood and crumpled hair; Some fat giant flung it there, Laid the head where valleys drain, Stretched its rump along the plain.

Other soil is full of stones, Texans plow up cattle-bones.

Herds are buried on the trail, Underneath the powdered shale; Herds that stiffened like the snow, Where the icy northers go.

Other states have built their halls, Humming tunes along the walls.

Texans watched the mortar stirred, While they kept the lowing herd.

Stamped on Texan wall and roof Gleams the sharp and crescent hoof.

High above the hum and stir Jingle bridle-rein and spur.

Other states were made or born, Texas grew from hide and horn.

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Why Preserving the Heritage Texas Longhorn is Important Why is it important to preserve the heritage Texas Longhorn? Why is there a need for the Cattlemen's Texas Longhorn Registry? These are questions that we are often asked. Let's take a look into the answers to these questions.

The Texas Longhorn Cattle made history, built empires and laid the foundation for today's cattle markets and industry. They were the original beef cattle that feed a nation after the civil war and is now on the Livestock Conservancy's list of 150 Critically Endangered Heritage Breeds. The original Texas Longhorn once numbering in the tens of millions, is now estimated to be at only around 3,000 animals, worldwide. With the end of the trail drive era the original Longhorns were nearly cross bred into extinction in favor of fattier English breeds.

This was due to the demand for fat, which had many uses during this time. In later year's Zebu genetics also threatened the naturally evolved Texas Longhorn as breeds were introduced from India to help the English cattle combat the insect endemic on the southern coastal region of the USA. By the turn of the twentieth century only scattered remnants of the original cattle still existed. The Texas Longhorn was acknowledged as a national treasure by the U.S. Congress, which in 1927 established a protected herd on the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge in Oklahoma. That herd still persists today as one of the best resources for conservation genetics. Preserving the Texas Longhorn is about more than just preserving them for prosperities sake. The history that the Texas Longhorn made cannot be erased but it can be weakened and forgotten over time just like their genetics can be diluted with outside influences.

Continued on pg 7

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The Texas Longhorn was developed in the wild under the harsh conditions of Mother Nature, with no help from mankind. They were in a sense created by God and fine tuned

by Mother Nature. Without the interference of man the strongest cattle survived and their genetics continued on through their progeny to the next generations.

Through this nature selection process the genetics for calving easy, hardiness, browse utilization, disease resistance, longevity, fertility were locked into the genetic makeup of these historic cattle. These genetic qualities are what allowed the Longhorn to thrive in the wild on their own without the help on man. The traits of browse utilization, disease resistance and hardiness proved to be incredibly valuable when the cattle were driven up the trails from Texas to the northern markets. The cattle were known to gain weight as they moved up the trails to market. They were also resistant to tick fever which was taking a toll on the imported cattle breeds of the times. The genetics of the original Texas Longhorn could still be of great value to today's cattle producers especially with the consumer demand for leaner and healthier beef. The original Texas Longhorn have more to offer the cattle industry than just history, they have great genetic value.

Functional Udders

Longevity & Production This is a great example of longevity, production & efficiency. This cow is in her early 20’s and just weaned a bull calf that was 50% of her body weight.

Fertility & Mothering Continued on pg 9

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Browse Utilization

Natural Mothering Instinct

Hardiness

By preserving the true to type Heritage Texas Longhorns we are preserving the cattle with the closest genetic link to the original Texas Longhorns that moved up the trails from Texas to the railways in Kansas City. The Cattlemen's Texas Longhorn Registry plays an important role by recording and documenting the herds of Heritage Texas Longhorns. Part of the record keeping process requires DNA testing and visual inspections before being excepted into the official records of the registry. CTLR is the only Longhorn Cattle registry with these strict requirements. The CTLR is also the official registry for the Texas State Herd at Fort Griffin State Park.

The CTLR's focus is on preserving genetics of the original Texas Longhorn and creating a greater awareness of the Heritage Texas Longhorn. There is definitely a difference between the Heritage Texas Longhorn and today's modern Longhorn that has been breed more for eye appeal and horn length than holding true to the genotype and phenotype of the original Longhorn that started it all.

One of the biggest threats to the Original Longhorn is mankind's belief that we can improve upon a breed that survived for centuries on its own.

These "improvements" over the last 50 to 60 years made to today's modern day Longhorns have focused more on eye appeal, beef conformation traits and extreme horn length. Many breeders of today's mainstream modern day Longhorn cattle judge the quality of the cattle by the length of the horns from one tip to the other tip. These "improvements", in many cases has resulted in the minimizing of the functional traits of the breed. A lot of today's modern day Texas Longhorns have exhibited a decrease in fertility, milking ability (resulting in lighter weaning weights), browse utilization, disease resistance and even calving easy. The modern day Texas Longhorn has been and is being bred away from the phenotype and genotype of the original Texas Longhorn. These breeding practices are resulting in cattle with little to no resemblance to the phenotype of the original Texas Longhorn. This is a strong indication of the integration of other breeds of cattle that are now in the modern day Texas Longhorn gene pool. This is why the CTLR's DNA testing program is so important for the safety of the Heritage Texas Longhorn which is listed as critically endangered Heritage Breed.

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Dedicated to scientific and historical research and education associated with heritage Texas Longhorn cattle, we recognize the value of this national treasure in its original phenotype (appearance) and genotype (genetics). We provide ongoing resources toward research and education pertaining to the conservation of this naturally evolved, historic breed. We work closely with the Cattlemen’s Texas Longhorn Registry to insure the preservation of the heritage genetics of the breed.

Our mission is to safeguard the integrity of the old-time, traditional Texas Longhorn for future generations by educating the public about the value of conserving this naturally evolved breed of cattle and providing resources for continued research into understanding their unique, genetic traits.

Help Support our efforts by making a Donation.

Cattlemen’s Texas Longhorn Conservancy is a nonprofit, tax-exempt charitable organization (EIN 05-0618099) under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Donations are tax-deductible as allowed by law.

www.ctlc.org

While on Facebook I came across several informative posts by David Wars spotlighting the CTLR cattle which really captured my attention. We were already raising Longhorns but these post focused on of the heritage genetics, their “survival of the fittest” qualities, along with the ongoing preservation efforts of the CTLR . I began to read as much information as I could find. I reached out to David, who shared more information with me. I then Dave & Kim Pavlas contacted Debbie Davis with DWD Longhorns who expanded on the conservation efforts and registry direction and goals. After these two conversations I realized that I shared these common CTLR goals and made my purchase of two heavy bred females from Debbie Davis. I have never second guessed this decision.

We attended the CTLR Cow Camp Gathering in the fall where we learned even more about CTLR and the heritage Texas Longhorn. We were also able to see the beautiful CTLR cattle in the pastures of Farr Cross Ranch. We even added to our herd with the purchase of a young heifer.

The CTLR registry enforces the breed standards by requiring DNA testing and Visual Inspections before registrations are processed. This gives me the confidence and peace of mind that I am raising true heritage Texas Longhorns.

As we move forward with our breeding program we will be working to breed and maintain the breed standards that the registry requires. We will be selling cattle for consumption. These CTLR genetics will help us to produce the real lean beef so many people I’ve spoken with are looking for. Some will be processed; some will be used to preserve the heritage genetics and some of the steers will hopefully grace the pastures of others as beautiful trophy steers.

At the end of the day, I want to be a part of helping the CTLR to Preserve, Promote and Protect these truly Iconic cattle. For me it is about preservation; not progression.

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Selecting CTLR Cattle for their program We are JKG Longhorns, a family ranch out of Yoakum, TX. After seeing CTLR cattle shared on Facebook, we began discussing the possibility of incorporating them into our herd as they have the corkscrew horns we love, and they are a heritage breed. After learning about these cattle and the CTLR, we knew this was something we wanted to be a part of. It was important to us Jeff & Kristi Ging because these are the original Texas Longhorns that are critically endangered. For us, raising longhorns should be about preserving the breed rather than changing it.

With our CTLR cows, we plan on using a CTLR bull and breeding them pure.

We are also planning on using a CTLR bull on our other longhorns to add hybrid vigor in the calves. Complete outcross is good in any program. This decision gives our program a larger purpose.

After attending the CTLR Field Day and learning about the DNA analysis, we were hooked. We purchased our first two heifers and excitedly embraced this new project. We are looking forward to learning more as we grow our CTLR cattle program.

Jeff & Kristi Ging, JKG Longhorns

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Home of the State of Texas Longhorn Herd

The Texas Longhorn, one of the state's most iconic symbols, has been hoofing through Texas history for centuries. This distinctive breed of cattle played a vital role in Texas' heritage, and the state maintains a herd of traditional Texas Longhorn cattle, allowing residents and visitors to experience these graceful animals first-hand.

Fort Griffin State Historic Site near Albany was named the permanent home for the herd more than 60 years ago. Since the 61st Texas Legislature officially recognized the State of Texas Longhorn Herd in 1969, it has managed to keep the cattle as historically correct as possible, and the selection of breeding animals has followed this ideal.

The dynamic history of the longhorn breed represents the state's equally captivating past. Texas longhorns descended from cattle brought by Spanish explorers and settlers, and the first significant numbers of these animals likely arrived in the late 1600s. As settlements grew and more cattle arrived, the number of escaped cattle increased. It is from these animals that the Texas longhorn began its colorful history.

Accounts from travelers crossing Texas in the early 1700s include stories of the presence of many wild cattle, often misidentified as native species. These animals were considered game, much like deer and buffalo, but were regarded as very wild and more difficult to hunt. Initially referred to as "Texas cattle" and later Texas longhorns, the animals reportedly populated a widespread area by the time Texas won its independence from Mexico in 1836--from the Red River to the Rio Grande, east to the Louisiana line and west to the upper breaks of the Brazos River. These early longhorns continued to roam Texas, almost completely wild and without the assistance of humans, until the end of the Civil War. They were often hunted for meat and hides, which likely strengthened their wild habit and instinct.

After the Civil War, many longhorns were rounded up and driven up various trails from Texas to Kansas City to be placed on rail cars and shipped east to slaughter. The longhorn was an impressive animal, well adapted to its environment and requiring skilled individuals to gather, handle, and manage the herds to the shipping pens with minimal

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losses. This gave rise to another Texas breed--the Texas cowboy. It has been estimated that between 1867 and 1880, nearly 10 million cattle were driven north along the trails to market. This provided Texas with a large source of income in an otherwise poor post-war economy, supplied large parts of the United States and Europe with beef and hides, and helped Texas recover from the Civil War. Longhorn cattle were known to endure the drives well, and even gain weight on the long trip north if the grass was plentiful.

By the early 1900s, the longhorn was regarded as a less desirable breed of cattle. Rail access improved, barbed wire closed the open range, trail drives became memories, and beef cattle were no longer being transported to faraway markets. European breeds that yielded more beef per animal became more popular, and the number of longhorns decreased.

Western writer Frank Dobie recognized the decline of the longhorn in the early 1920s and felt it was important to preserve the breed that held such a significant place in Texas history. With assistance from businessman Sid Richardson and rancher Graves Peeler, Dobie helped organize a herd of typical longhorns. The animals were donated to the Texas Parks Board in 1941 as the state herd and were kept at Lake Corpus Christi State Park near Mathis. Since they were becoming more scarce, the search continued for longhorns, and in 1942 a herd was compiled and kept at Lake Brownwood State Park in Brown County.

Due to challenges at these locations, the Texas Parks Board began looking for a more permanent home for the herd. Fort Griffin State Historic Site was selected as the permanent home in 1948, and the official herd has been based there ever since, with some parts of the herd at other state parks. The Official State of Texas Longhorn Herd is now managed by the Texas Historical Commission.

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The longhorn breed has increased in recognition and numbers in recent years, due to many desirable traits, including longevity, calving ease, resistance to disease and parasites, foraging adaptability, climate adaptability, mothering ability, leaner beef, less dependence on humans, and excellent fertility. Many of these traits may be due to the number of years the cattle survived in Texas without influence from humans, allowing the breed to form its characteristics through natural selection in the harsh Texas climate.

The Official State of Texas Longhorn Herd, now numbering approximately 250 cattle, resides primarily at the Fort Griffin State Historic Site and San Angelo State Park, with a few head also residing at Copper Breaks State Park, LBJ State Park, and Palo Duro Canyon State Park. The herd is also featured at the annual Fort Griffin Fandangle, an outdoor musical based on the pioneer chronicles of West Texas, held in Albany the last two weekends in June.

This longhorn herd is maintained so residents and visitors can see and experience animals similar to those that were in Texas more than a century ago. Herd managers will continue to raise the cattle from calves, in the image of the animals that are so important and integral to telling the real stories of our state's history. Much like the residents of this state, the longhorn is a true Texan with roots in many places, but forever changed and refined by its time in the Lone Star State.

For more information on The Official State of Texas Longhorn Herd, longhorn programs, and tours, please contact the herd manager at 325-762-2356.

The official Registry of the Texas State Herd

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Fort Griffin Historical Site Home of THE OFFICIAL TEXAS LONGHORN HERD 1701 N. U.S. Hwy. 283, Albany, TX 76430 325-762-3592

These cattle continue to represent the unique and once-abundant animals that made a critical contribution to the development of Texas’ economy in the 19th century.

visitfortgriffin.com The official state Longhorn herd is co-managed by the Texas Historical Commission and the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. The herd is based at Fort Griffin State Historic Site, although portions of the state herd also reside at Copper Breaks, San Angelo, Palo Duro Canyon, and LBJ state parks.

Coppers Breaks State Park 777 Park Road 62 Quanah, TX 79252-7679 https://tpwd.texas.gov/stateparks/copper-breaks

Lyndon B. Johnson State Park 199 Park Road 52 Stonewall, TX 78671 https://tpwd.texas.gov/stateparks/lyndon-b-johnson

Palo Duro Canyon State Park 11450 Park Road 5 Canyon, TX 79015 https://tpwd.texas.gov/state-parks/paloduro-canyon

San Angelo State Park 362 S. FM 2288 San Angelo, TX 76901 https://tpwd.texas.gov/state-parks/sanangelo

The official Registry of the Texas State Herd 15

Est. 2022

Texas

Longhorns

Producing Quality Heritage Texas Longhorns

Producing Healthy Longhorn Beef For local families to enjoy.

Proud Member of

Reed Griffin 1255 Hwy 519 Arcadia, LA 71001 (318) 355-1408 reedgriffin3@yahoo.com

1927 THE BEGINNING

Cattle in the pens at Wichita Wildlife Refuge

Recognizing the near extinction of the original Texas Longhorn, the Federal Government allotted $3,000 and two U.S. Forest Service rangers, John H. Hatton and Will C. Barnes to gather up the best specimens they could find. Riding over five thousand miles, and viewing some 30 thousand specimens, these men gathered up twenty cows, three bulls, four calves and delivered them to the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge in Cache, OK.

1941 “YOU COLLECT THEM, I’LL PAY” Those were the words spoken by Texas Financier Sid Richardson to his friends, author J. Frank Dobie and rancher/TSCRA Inspector Graves Peeler. Feeling not enough was being done to conserve the original Texas Longhorn, Richardson engaged the two men to gather more original Texas Longhorns for various State parks so Texans and other visitors could see and appreciate these magnificent animals on whose backs this State and Nation were built.

1948 These State herds were consolidated and moved to Ft. Griffin located in Albany, Texas, becoming the Official State of Texas, Texas Longhorn herd

1969 The 61st Texas legislature officially recognized the State herd

1991

ESTABLISHED

1995 TEXAS STATE LARGE MAMMAL A statewide mock election by the school children of Texas named the original Texas Longhorn the State Large Mammal

2020 25TH ANNIVERSARY State Senate proclamation #173 recognized the 25th anniversary of the original TXL being named the State Large Mammal as well as the conservation efforts of the CTLR

Est. in 1991 Working to preserve the heritage genetics of the Texas Longhorn Breed

The Texas Longhorn made more history than any other breed of cattle the civilized world has known…

J. Frank Dobie If you are interested in joining CTLR’s efforts to preserve the heritage Texas Longhorn please call the CTLR or visit our website.

Introductory from The Longhorns by J. Frank Dobie THE TEXAS LONGHORN made more history than any other breed of cattle the civilized world has known. As an animal in the realm of natural history, he was the peer of bison or grizzly bear. As a social factor, his influence on men was extraordinary. An economic agent in determining the character and occupation of a territory continental in its vastness, he moved elementally with drouth, grass, blizzards out of the Arctic and the wind from the south.

However supplanted or however disparaged by evolving standards and generations, he will remain the bedrock on which the history of the cow country of America is founded. In picturesqueness and romantic realism his name is destined for remembrance as long as the memory of man travels back to those Pristine times when waters ran clear, when free grass waved a carpet over the face of the earth, and America's Man on Horseback - not a helmeted soldier, but a booted cowboy - rode over the rim with all the abandon, energy, insolence, pride, carelessness and confidence epitomizing the booming West.

The Longhorn was, as will detailed, basically Spanish. Yet, when he entered upon the epoch of his continent-making history, he was as Texan as his counterpart, the Texas cowboy. Cavalier means "horseman." The Texan had behind him the horse-riding tradition of the more literal than figurative "cavalier South." in the lower part of Texas he met the herd-owning Spanish caballero- which word also means "horseman". He met the Spaniard's vaquero, the mounted worker with cows. He met the ranching industry of the open range, appropriated it, and shortly thereafter began extending it beyond the limits of the wildest initial dream. The coming together, not in blood but in place and occupation of this Anglo-American, this Spanish owner, and this Mexican vaquero produced the Texas cowboy -a blend, a type, new to the world. The cow that called forth both him and the industry he represented was the mother of the Texas Longhorn The same cow was in California. The Anglo-Americans that towards high noon of the last century suddenly rushed into that land and took it over were all gold-mad. They went to eating up the cow. With gold to buy with and the cow almost consumed. the price of meat rose to such heights that early in the I850's Texas cowboys, ready to fight Comanche or Apache, began driving herds to California. Geology geography and the character of Texas cows, cowboys and cowmen, together with movements of population and with economic conditions. conspired to put the Texan stamp upon the range industry of all Western America.

When it had nothing else, Texas had more and more land for raising of cattle and more and more cattle and for the world beyond. At the very hour of the battle of San Jacinto, which gave Texas her independence, a herd of Texas cattle was being trailed to New Orleans, which for decades continued as a market, cattle being shipped thence north by boat. Shreveport and Vidalia (opposite Natchez on the Mississippi) and New Iberia were other loading points. A good many cattle were shipped from Texas ports. Before the Civil War thousands had been trailed to Chicago. During the forties and fifties Missouri and other states of the Middle West received many small herds. At was least one went to New York.

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Meanwhile ranches were expanding. If a range became crowded, all the owner or the selfdependent cattle had to do was to push on. The depredating Indians were a hundred times more avid for horses than for cattle: they raided down from lands swarming with buffaloes, and generally they preferred buffalo meat to cow meat. A reserve of cattle was mounting from which the exports and the negligible home consumption amounted to hardly a tithe.

Beef for eating was virtually free to whoever wanted to go out and kill.

According to Department of Agriculture figures, in 1860 the United States (including Texas) had 31,417,33 people and 25,640,337 cattle; in 1870, more than 40,000,000 people and a decrease in cattle to the number of 21,633,069. Yet during the first half of this period the Texas cattle had probably doubled in number. Here in Texas was a population so sparse that half the state's area still belonged to the Indian and the buffalo.

At the same time, cattle were so plentiful and capital so utterly lacking that at the end of the War they could not be sold for a dollar apiece. As late as 1874, “Fine fat beef sells at three cents per lb. in San Marcos market stalls.” Before the Texans put a single branded cow on the luxuriant grass of their own Panhandle-Plains territory – which began to be stocked in 1876 – they had driven millions of Longhorns up the trail.

The Chisholm Trail was a canal out of the mighty dammed-up reservoir of Texas beef to meat lacking consumers with money to buy. That Trail became a fact when in 1867 Abilene, Kansas, with a railroad carrying stock-cars eastward - and with construction pushing rails on towards the Pacific - established definite, dependable market for Texas cattle. The year before this, it is true, more than a quarter of a million of Longhorns had been trailed northward without specific destinations - like the boll weevil, "just looking for a home," and with results generally disastrous.

The Chisholm Trail was a lane opening out of a vast breeding ground swarming with cattle life to a vacant, virgin range of seemingly illimitable expanse. It initiated the greatest, the most extraordinary, the most stupendous, the most fantastic and fabulous migration of animals controlled by man that the word has ever known or can ever know. During the seventies the Plains Indians were all being killed off or rounded up; at the same time the buffalo were all but annihilated. An empire of vacated grass awaited occupation -- an empire fringed with population far to the east - being traversed, but not halted in, by streams of human beings migrating to the Pacific slope.

Governor O. M. Roberts, the "Old Alcalde" of Texas, said " Civilization follows the plow". Over a great part of Texas and west of the Missouri River, the plow followed riders of cow ponies; and these riders followed Texas Longhorns. During a swift, dramatic, sweeping generation, the Longhorns, their trails crossing at right angles the trails of population, occupied the world being left empty by the buffaloes. The Chisholm Trail, with many prongs flowing into it from the south, was pushed farther and farther west, taking on other names and sprangling out with many extensions. These trails become rivers of Longhorns, surging and flowing to locate themselves and to establish the ranching

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industry - in the Indian Territory; on the high Plains of Texas; over New Mexico, Arizona, Kansas, Nebraska, the Dakotas, Wyoming, Montana; in parts of Colorado, Nevada, Utah, Idaho, and away on into Canada.

By the hundreds of thousands these Longhorns were dispensed at agencies to Indians whose natural supply of meat had vanished. Their frozen carcasses, in the seventies, were being shipped in such quantities from the Atlantic seaboard that the economy of the British Isles was disturbed. To Texas they brought financial recovery from war and reconstruction far in advance of the other Southern States, laying foundations for fortunes now hardly computable.

They were the makers and shakers of a ranching boom into which syndicates from across the Atlantic and capitalists of New England frenziedly pitched millions.

After 1888 the north-flowing stream of Longhorns became a dribble. By 1895, the trails out of Texas were all fenced across or plowed under. Ten million cattle, it has been authoritatively estimated, were driven over them between 1866 and 1890.

Emphasis on the great number of Texas cattle, and on their low values at times, is likely to be misleading. Prices, as of all produce, fluctuated. Even before 836 mature steers sold for ten dollars a head in Texas, though cash buyers were scarce. This was far more than they brought in 1866. But ten years later they were worth twenty dollars, other classes of cattle advancing accordingly. In the early eighties, prices went out of sight and the demand for stock cattle was so great that some ranges in South Texas were virtually denuded of cattle. In 1893, Texas cows -"calves throwed in" that had sold for twenty-five dollars in 1884 brought six dollars.

It cost about a dollar a head to drive an average herd from Southern Texas to the far Northwest. At the same time, the spread in prices between the two regions was from three to five dollars a head. In some years the big trail operators made "barrels of money." Most of them, however, died broke. A common range term for cattle trader was "speculator." A man who in January contracted for June delivery of big steers might make or lose from five to twenty dollars a head. Uncertainty of rain and grass and certainty of price fluctuation have made the cattle industry the most speculative of businesses.

But this book is not a history of the cattle industry, least of all of economic development over the cow country. It is about of the animal itself that generated cowboys, brought ranches into existence, gave character to the grazing world of America, and furnished material for political economy.

It attempts to show the animal's wild beginnings and his life during the times when he walked up the greatest cattle trail of history and dominated an ocean of grass, brush and mountain, before he suffered a displacement as absolute as that he was employed to make of the buffalo.

His horns, hide, and hardihood will loom large in the picture. Not a psychologist, I have attempted to master cow psychology and to picture its manifestations in stampedes and silent thickets. With no claim to being a naturalist, I have gone into the habits and instincts of the animal. I am a teller of folk tales, and as a historian I have not hesitated to use scraps of folklore to enforce truth and reality.

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While this book is not about the men of the range, necessarily they come into it many times, in many ways, in many episodes. They come into it as men of cattle. The come into it as men of cattle. They psychological impact – upon them by their iron-sinewed, wild-living cattle, creatures primordially harmonized to nature that they at times defied, is a part of the Longhorn record.

"How can they be wise whose talk is of oxen?" the son Sirach asked. John Lockwood Kipling, who begat not only author of the Jungle Books but a very interesting book of his own entitled Beast and Man in India, calls the ox "the chief pillar of the Indian empire."

The "close association of the ploughman with his cattle," he says, "the slow steady tramp at their heels over the field and over again in infinite turns, has given a bovine quality to the mind of those who follow the plough all round the world. Perhaps the Irish potato-digging cottier, the English market-gardener, the French vine-dresser and spade cultivators generally are smarter and more alert. The lagging, measured step may compel the mind to its cadence, and the anodyne of monotony may soothe and still the temper. However this may be, it is certain that the Indian cultivator is very like the ox. He is patient, and beats all that drouth, flood, storm and murrain can do with the same equanimity with which the ox bears blows.

When the oxen chew the cud and their masters take their nooning, the jaws of man and beast move in exactly the same manner."

But no "brother to the ox' was the cowboy of the Longhorn range. The men that have ridden down the dawn have never been fat and scant of breath. They often rode into camp and drank coffee sitting in the saddle, ready to spring forward . At pools they dipped up water with the hand, in the manner of the chosen fighters under Gideon, with eyes averted, made ceaselessly alert by the alert animals they watered with. Many a night they slept booted and spurred and ready to ride. They knew how to linger; they had "ample time; but their repose was the repose of strength capable of steel-spring action and not that of constitutional lethargy.

I myself have ridden a few good , horses, not only on the range but as a mounted artilleryman.

Directing a battery of field artillery the in a hot gallop, the caissons rumbling and rattling, harness jingling, the eager horses pounding the earth into a tremble, gives a wonderful exhilaration. It must be a fine feeling that some men get from riding a proud and beautiful horse on exhibition before admiring spectators. The chase of cat or wolf to the music of hounds and horn is dawn itself. But I do not believe that any kind of riding will pump virtue into a man like that in pursuit of wild, strong, mighty-horned cattle plunging for liberty or just walking like phalanxes of destiny towards the tail end of the world. In any just comprehension of the Longhorn, his effect on men emanates constantly - like the effect sailing ships and oceans upon "the Children of the Sea".

I appeared on this spinning globe just as the Texas Longhorn was being whirled off it.

But it was my fortune - good fortune, I have always regarded it for myself -to be born

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that part of Texas where the Longhorn was most at home where he made his last stand. I was born on a ranch in the brush country, to a father who had gone up the trail with his brothers, sons of ranch parents, and to a mother whose father and brothers were range men and trail drivers also. Until I was a your man the only people I knew were people of the Longhorn and vaquero tradition.

Seventeen years ago I began making notes from reading and from the talk of men who had lived with Longhorns. For years I sought these men in widely divergent places, interviewing them, drawing them out. Often and often I have wished that I had been born earlier with opportunities for more firsthand observation and experience.

I have back-trailed the Longhorn into Mexico. whence he came, and Mexican vaqueros on both sides of the Rio Grande have told me much. Many of these men who "learned me their lore" are dead now. In places through this book mention is made of some of their names, as well as of others who still make the earth saner place by living on it. By the time the grass greens and this book is published, some of these will be lying still in the earth they belong to. A long list, still incomplete, of men to whom I am indebted appears in the Notes.

Parts of some of the chapters of the book have appeared in the Southwest Review, Saturday Evening Post, Southwestern Historical Quarterly, the Southwestern Sheep and Goat Raiser, The Cattleman, the New York Herald-Tribune Magazine (which syndicated), Frontier Stories, and elsewhere. I here acknowledge the courtesy of various editors concerned The Section of Fine Arts Federal Works Agency, Washington, District of Columbia, has graciously given permission to reproduce the design of The Stampede," by Tom Lea, in the post office at Odessa, Texas. My wife, Bertha McKee Dobie, has not only read proof but given me the benefit of her acute criticism.

Since Joel A. Allen's noble work on the American bison appeared in 1876, there has been a succession of books and studies on Bos bison, the work of Hornaday and Martin S Garretson's recent The American Bison being outstanding. No book on the Longhorn (Bos texanus) has ever before this been attempted. Scattered facts about him may be found in Evetts Haley's History of the X I T Ranch and in his life of Charles Goodnight, in Oscar Rush's little-known but excellent The Open Range and Bunk House Philosophy, in J. L. Hill's pamphlet on The End of the Cattle Trail, in Jack Potter's two booklets, Cattle Trails of the Old West and Lead Steer, in Sam P. Ridings' monumental The Chisholm Trail, in R. B. Townshenďs A Tenderfoot in Colorado, in that rare and information-packed volume entitled Prose and Poetry of the Livestock Industry of the United States, and in a few other books I might mention; but generally in range histories and reminiscences of old-time cowboys facts about cows are as meager as facts about bears in the autobiography of America's best-known bear hunter, David Crockett. I believe that I have virtually exhausted all printed and all available manuscript sources in the search for the facts.

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The Longhorn has been more essayed by art color than by history. He bellowed to the stars in a call for the color and from and form and swiftness of art. About 1879 Frank Reaugh began painting the Longhorn to from life. Although lacking in the barbaric virtue necessary to a realization of such lacking primitive in the strength, he has nicely expressed the color harmony between grassland, sky and cattle. His contemporary in Texas, Harvey Wallce Caylor(1867-1932), less schooled and more rangy, caught something of the animal's elemental vigor and pride in life, but violate its anatomy.

The greatest artist of the West was Charles M. Russell. He knew the range from working on it and yearned towards it with primal gusto. He had a genius burning inside him that hardly another American artist has felt. He painted magnificently the Longhorn's fire, muscle and movement. Frederic Remington needs no adjective. He painted stampede and trail herd too.

The etchings of Ed Borein (Santa Barbara, California) are authentic. Boyd Smith, who illustrated the books of Andy Adams, was faithful with the fidelity that The Log of a Cowboy and other works by Andy Adams stand for. Maynard Dixon and Will James -- poles apart, for Dixon is finished, exact and historical, while James is sensational -- belong in the gallery of Longhorn translators through art. The names of artists who have depicted or tried to depict the Longhorn are as numerous as the titles of Wild West magazines.

I wish it were possible to reproduce in a folio the best of the good Longhorn pictures. Some day, many of them will be gathered into the RANGE MUSEUM that is inevitable for Western America and that should, above all other places, be built where the Longhorn originated.

In 1886 Doctor William T. Hornaday, then chief taxidermist of the National Museum in Washington, realizing that the buffaloes -of which not a quarter of a century preceding perhaps sixty million, and possibly as many as one hundred million, blackened the Plainswere in imminent danger of extinction and that the great museum he represented did not have a single specimen undertook to secure a few individuals for mounting. He was successful, and now there are magnificent habitat groups of the buffalo, magnificently mounted, in Washington, New York, Los Angeles, Denver, and perhaps elsewhere.

There is not in all America a properly mounted example of the Longhorn.

In 1905 the American Bison Society was organized to preserve for the American people not merely mounted specimens of dead buffalo but living examples on their native ranges. At that time there were probably 2ooo specimens in the world Today there are over 25,000.

Since about 1922, the Texas Longhorn has been nearer extinction than the buffalo ever was. The Federal Government has a herd on the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge in Oklahoma. They are doing well and are being intelligently handled, but they will never become the counterparts of the wild-antlered creatures that ranged over southern Texas.

Except for a limited rescue, mostly of steers alone, by a few individuals, no effort at all is being made to preserve the Longhorn in the Texas that marked him and that he marked no less.

We turn to the past. Readers who object to facts will do well to skip the first three chapters --and then merely to skim all the others. Like Mark Twain, I "seem to exude facts."

J. FRANK DOBIE Austin, Texas When the work's all done this fall, of 1940

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Photos from our members

Longhorns, living breathing works of Art.

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Photos from our members

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Farr Cross Ranch It’s A Family Affair

We started raising heritage Texas Longhorns in 2021. Our daughters have shown our cattle at local, county, and regional livestock shows in Oklahoma. We have now grown the herd to 50 head of CTLR registered breeding stock.

Heath & Rachel Briley Kiya & Aubri Briley Webbers Falls, OK (918) 348-8964

A brand with History

3-T Ranch Ted, Todd & Tim Aycock 13012 Seaman Rd. Vancleave, MS 39565 Ted: (228) 861-4029 Todd: (228) 365-4594 Tim: (228) 365-8751

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In the coming months CTLR will be launching our new online store, Longhorn Mercantile. The online store will offer a wide verity of items with a Historic Texas Longhorn theme. These items will be of interest not only to our members but also to any one with an appreciation for the Heritage Texas Longhorn Breed.

The new online store is a great way for any Longhorn enthusiast to show their support for CTLR’s conservancy efforts. Profits from the sell of the online merchandise will be used to advance these efforts.

The proceeds will also be used to create a greater awareness of the importance of the Heritage Texas Longhorn and the work of the Cattlemen’s Texas Longhorn Registry. Help us tell the Longhorn story with your purchasing of Longhorn merchandise offered at our new online store. Announcement of Grand Opening coming soon.

Where History Comes To Life

Debbie Adams Wimberley, TX 713-416-9740 email: bosslady1961@icloud.com

A valuable Tool to CTLR’s Efforts

The CTLR uses DNA analysis as a powerful tool to guide the conservation of the original Texas Longhorn breed. DNA results help guide breeders as they select animals that contribute to the future of the breed and prevent its extinction. Early in the development of the DNA profile of the conservation Texas Longhorn the results helped guide and validate the important steps of evaluations based on herd history and visual appraisal.

By late 2019 the CTLR had assembled over six hundred genotypes from conservation Texas Longhorns using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Individual animals can be analyzed by placing their results along a linear scale that compares them to other breeds and distinguishes breed influences by a percentage of influence from the various breeds and branches of cattle origins (zebu, Iberian, Northern European, and African). The CTLR also used a separate mitochondrial DNA analysis that tracked influences that come from the maternal side, and a similar separate analysis of the Y chromosome of males that tracks the paternal side. These two can both track any introgression from influences foreign to the traditional breed.

These analyses were then combined to derive a proportion of an individual animal’s genetic makeup that comes from the different bovine breed origins. The percentage that falls within the conservation Texas Longhorn can then be used to drive breeding and conservation decisions. In addition to helping assign animals into the traditional Texas Longhorn conservation breeding group, the results also validate the parentage of the animal by matching it to its sire and dam. This assures that pedigrees are accurate, which is essential for managing the breeding of a rare breed. In most breeds the error rate in breeder-assigned sires is about 15%. DNA validation removes this source of errors and guarantees that all animals have accurate pedigrees and can contribute to meaningful conservation breeding programs. The Cattlemen’s Texas Longhorn Registry currently accepts DNA results from one lab. The test can be used to determine registration eligibility of animals from known parentage and in addition to visual inspection qualify animals from unknown history.

Neogen/GeneSeek reports a 100K SNP map that is interpreted by our software analysis. The results assign an indicine percentage to each individual. Explanation of the origin of indicine percentage is in the research article New World cattle show ancestry from multiple independent domestication events. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1303367110 Up until 2023, The University of California-Davis performed an analysis of microsatellites that could identify in males, percentages of introgression of 17 breeds; 13 common Taurine

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A valuable Tool to CTLR’s Efforts

English/Continental breeds and 4 Indicine; African Sanga/Middle East /India Zebu breeds. The UC Davis report for both males and females include the percentage of genetics grouping with conservation Texas Longhorn cattle and/or the percentage an animal groups with hybridized horned cattle. Y-chromosomes haplotypes in males are associated with specific regions (Y1 northern Europe and British Islands, Y2 Iberian Peninsula and Southern Continent, Y3 Zebu (all humped cattle), and reveal percentage of introgression of any of the 17 breeds on file. Bos taurus (includes all European cattle) or Bos indicus (includes all Zebu or Indian cattle), mtDNA lineages are classified according to major Bos taurus families (haplogroups T1, T1a, AA (or T1c), T2, T3, Q) and Bos indicus families (I1, I2). Results to expect for conservation Texas Longhorn cattle are rankings of 80% or greater with conservation control group. Less than 1% of Hereford, Shorthorn, Angus, British White, and Zebu are not uncommon in conservation Texas Longhorn cattle. Low percentages reflect historic introgression from the 1800s and early 1900s. Animals possessing markers found only in Iberian breeds with 0% introgression of other referenced breeds do exist. In combination with 90+% conservation genetics, these animals are considered elite. Many conservation Texas Longhorn bulls possess a Yhaplotype indicating historic admixture of Hereford, Shorthorn or Angus due to the introduction of those breeds in 1885 to west Texas. Read an article from 1920 in The American Hereford Journal. https://www.ctlc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Herefords-inWestTexas.pdf

Cattle gathered along coastal regions possessed historic admixture of Nelore and Gyr; Zebu breeds that were imported to the US in the 1885 to become the foundation of the American Brahman breed.

We must accept less than 1% admixture from other breeds as part of the evolution of the Texas Longhorn breed. We do not consider introgression from other breeds introduced in the last sixty years to be natural evolution. Animals possessing greater than 1% of other detectable breeds are excluded from conservation status. We have learned by experimentation offspring can be ‘bred up” from parents possessing unacceptable genotypes, when one grandparent possessed conservation genetics, the calf has a 50/50 chance of inheriting the conservation alleles or the hybrid alleles. For this reason, we include eight bulls that fall below our minimum acceptable range of 80% conservation score. These are available for experimentation in effort to increase diversity but are not guaranteed to produce an offspring that will be acceptable for CTLR registration.

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Debbie & Don W. Davis Tarpley, Texas (830) 562-3650 dwdlonghorns.com

Ted, Todd & Tim Aycock 13012 Seaman Rd. Van Cleave, MS 39565 Ted: (228) 861-4029 Todd: (228) 365-4594 Tim: (228) 365-8751

David Holmgren Deep Well, Nevada (775) 455-5671 James & Debby Farr Terrell, Texas (214) 202-8141 farrcrosslonghorns.com

Sunny K Longhorns Bonnie & Ian Kuecker Verhelle, Texas (832) 212-4323 burnsgrant626@gmail.com

Running M Longhorns Giles & Becky Madray Ozona, Texas (325) 392-5801

Les Mallory Round Top, Texas (979) 208-9387

Monroe & Debbie Sullivan Midland, Texas (432) 210-9391 sullivanlonghorns@gmail.com

Vivian Page Bar V Ranch Driftwood Texas Barvlonghorns.Com vivianpage06@gmail.com

Ron & Janet Fowler Wayne, OK (309) 333-5693

Debbie Adams Wimberley, TX 713-416-9740 bosslady1961@icloud.com

DCS Livestock Gil & Judy Dean Bastrop, Texas (512) 940-1676 gilbertodean@gmail.com

To be listed on this page please contact Russell at russellh@longhornroundup.com

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In 1991 the Cattleman’s Texas Longhorn Registry (CTLR) was formed by a concerned group of individuals, several who's families had been instrumental in working to save the original iconic Texas Longhorn from extinction by establishing their own family herds of Texas Longhorns.

They believed that more needed to be done to preserve the valuable heritage genetics of the original Texas Longhorn.

They felt like the other organizations were not doing enough to safeguard the genetics of the historic Texas Longhorn. So they formed CTLR to fill the gap.

They formed the CTLR with strict requirements for acceptance into their registry database. Which includes the use of scientific DNA testing as a tool to insure genotype, as well as visual inspections to insure phenotype. These steps were not & have not been taken by other breed organizations. Both of these requirements help to insure that the CTLR registered cattle are as close to the original heritage Texas Longhorn cattle as possible.

Cattle on the Wichita Wildlife Refuge

It is important to Preserve the Past to Protect the Future.

Because of the work of the CTLR, the cattle they register still maintain a strong genetic linked to the heritage and profitable survival traits of their ancestors. Thus insuring that the CTLR Heritage Texas Longhorns continues to possess these important breed traits and characteristics which were so important to it’s survival as well as it’s value the cattlemen.

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Type

Cost

Lifetime*

$700 (one time fee)

Estate*

$1,500 (one time fee)

Breeder*

$75 (annual)

Participant

$35 (annual)

Youth

$10 (annual)

Corporate

$150 (annual)

Membership Application is available at www.ctla.org Must own at least two CTLR registered breeding animals and receive unanimous approval of the Board of Directors.

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Great Selection Available Yearling Heifers Available

Mature Cows Available Bred Heifers Available

“The conservation Texas Longhorn is declared Critically Endangered by The Livestock Conservancy. Loss is due to dilution of genetic integrity resulting from crossing with other breeds for increased horn size. We embrace the opinion that a creature created

by God through natural selection requires no improvement.”

Come see the herd. We love visitors

DWD Longhorns, LLC 3361 CR 211 Hondo, TX 78861 office (830) 562-3650 cell (830) 796-1057

Pioneer Plaza is a large public park located in the Convention Center District of downtown Dallas, Texas (USA). It contains a large sculpture and is a heavily visited tourist site. Adjacent to the plaza is the Pioneer Park Cemetery which features the Confederate War Memorial. Together, it is the largest public open space in the Dallas central business district.

Historic brands from Texas ranches are depicted in the sidewalk on the west side, this one from the 6666 Ranch.

The large sculpture commemorates nineteenth century cattle drives that took place along the Shawnee Trail, the earliest and easternmost route by which Texas longhorn cattle were taken to northern railheads.

The trail passed through Austin, Waco, and Dallas until the Chisolm Trail siphoned off most of the traffic in 1867.[3] The 49 bronze steers and 3 trail riders sculptures were created by artist Robert Summers of Glen Rose, Texas.

Each steer is larger-than-life at six feet high; all together the sculpture is the largest bronze monument of its kind in the world.[2] Set along an artificial ridge and past a man-made limestone cliff, native landscaping with a flowing stream and waterfall help create the dramatic effect.

The land on which the plaza sits, once railroad and warehouse property, was cleared for the 900-foot (270 m)-tall hotel and office Dallas Tower which was part of the failed Griffin Square development. The plaza and its accompanying sculpture were the idea of real estate developer Trammell Crow, who wanted an iconic "Western" sculpture in the city of Dallas and assembled a group to donate the sculptures. The $9 million project was begun in 1992 on 4.2 acres (17,000 m2) of land donated by the City of Dallas; $4.8 million of the cost came from private funds raised from individuals and local businesses.[1] Local artists sued to stop the project and claimed that it was historically inaccurate for the city, but the project opened on time in 1994[2] Today the park is maintained by the adjacent Dallas Convention Center and is the second most visited tourist attraction in downtown Dallas. As a work in progress, an additional steer is occasionally added to the herd.[1]

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Pioneer Plaza Dallas, TX

The 49 bronze steers and 3 trail riders sculptures were created by artist Robert Summers of Glen Rose, Texas.