Human development a cultural approach 1st edition arnett test bank

Human Development A Cultural Approach 1st Edition Arnett Test Bank Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow nload/human-development-a-cultural-approach-1st-edition-arnett-test-bank/

Chapter 7 Middle Childhood Section 1 Physical Development .................................................................................. 726 Test Item File .............................................................................................................. 726 Multiple Choice Questions ..................................................................................... 726 Short Answer Questions ......................................................................................... 755 Essay Questions ...................................................................................................... 756 MyDevelopmentLab Question Bank .......................................................................... 757 Pre-Test ................................................................................................................... 757 Post-Test ................................................................................................................. 759 Chapter Exam.......................................................................................................... 761 Quick Review.......................................................................................................... 763 Video Guide Questions ............................................................................................... 766 Short Answer Questions ......................................................................................... 766 Multiple Choice Questions ..................................................................................... 766 Section 2 Cognitive Development ................................................................................ 768 Test Item File .............................................................................................................. 768 Multiple Choice Questions ..................................................................................... 768 Short Answer Questions ......................................................................................... 801 Essay Questions ...................................................................................................... 802 MyDevelopmentLab Question Bank .......................................................................... 804 Pre-Test ................................................................................................................... 804 Post-Test ................................................................................................................. 806 Chapter Exam.......................................................................................................... 808 Quick Review.......................................................................................................... 811 Video Guide Questions ............................................................................................... 813 Short Answer Questions ......................................................................................... 813 Multiple Choice Questions ..................................................................................... 813 Section 3 Emotional and Social Development ............................................................ 815 Test Item File .............................................................................................................. 815 Multiple Choice Questions ..................................................................................... 815 Short Answer Questions ......................................................................................... 852 Essay Questions ...................................................................................................... 853 MyDevelopmentLab Question Bank .......................................................................... 855 Pre-Test ................................................................................................................... 855 Post-Test ................................................................................................................. 857 Chapter Exam.......................................................................................................... 859 Quick Review.......................................................................................................... 862 Video Guide Questions ............................................................................................... 857 Short Answer Questions ......................................................................................... 857 Multiple Choice Questions ..................................................................................... 857

724

TOTAL ASSESSMENT GUIDE

Chapter 7-Section 1 Middle Childhood

Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.1

Multiple Choice

Learning Objective 7.2

Short Answer Essay Multiple Choice

Remember

Understand

Apply

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 15, 21

1, 7, 12, 16, 18, 20

8, 11, 13, 17, 19 88

22, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, 49, 51, 52, 53, 55

23, 24, 25, 34, 35, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48 89

28, 33, 36, 39, 46, 47, 50, 54

56, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 69 91

59, 67

57, 65

71, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79

70, 73

92 93 72

80, 82

81, 83, 85, 87

86

Short Answer Learning Objective 7.3

Essay Multiple Choice

Learning Objective 7.4

Short Answer Essay Multiple Choice

Learning Objective 7.5

Short Answer Essay Multiple Choice Short Answer Essay

90

94

725

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

Section 1 Physical Development Test Item File Difficulty 1=Easy; 2=Moderate; 3=Difficult Learning Objective number refers to the textbook’s learning objectives.

MDL Parallel Question ID refers to the correlating question found in MyDevelopmentLab. For your convenience, the MyDevelopmentLab items for this chapter are included in this document after the Test Item File.

Pre=Pre-Test Post=Post-Test CE=Chapter Exam QR=Quick Review

Multiple Choice Questions 1.

During middle childhood, children become ____ susceptible to disease, ____ vulnerable to the effects of malnutrition, and ____ likely to have accidents that result in injury or death. a. less; less; less Correct. Globally speaking, middle childhood is a time of greater physical stability and individuals during this time period are less likely to die due to malnutrition disease and accidents. b. less; less; more Incorrect. Middle childhood is an exceptionally healthy time of life, as children become less susceptible to disease, less vulnerable to the effects of malnutrition, and less likely to have accidents that result in injury or death. c. less; more; more d. more; more; more Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 286 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A % correct 56 a= 56 b= 38 c= 6 d= 0 r = .52 2.

In middle childhood physical growth continues at a slow but steady pace. How many inches per year does the average child gain in height during this time? a.

2 to 3 inches b.

5 to 6 inches c.

8 to 9 inches d.

11 to 12 inches Answer: A

726

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

Difficulty: 1 Page: 286 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: CE 7.1.1 3.

In middle childhood physical growth continues at a slow but steady pace. How many pounds per year does the average child gain in weight during this time? a.

2 to 4 pounds b.

5 to 7 pounds c.

7 to 9 pounds d.

10 to 12 pounds Answer: B Difficulty: 1 Page: 286 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: Post 7.1.1 4.

During which of the following time periods of life are boys and girls most likely to be the slimmest? a. infancy b. middle childhood c. adolescents d. late childhood Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Page: 286 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: Pre 7.1.1 % correct 81 a= 0 b= 81 c= 13 d= 6 r = .79 5.

What is the measure of the ratio of weight to height called? a. growth index b. body fat index c. body mass index d.

W-H index Answer: C Difficulty: 1 Page: 286 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: QR 7.1.1 6.

____ is a measure of the ratio of weight to height. a.

Body growth scale

727

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

b.

Body mass index c.

Progressive development index d.

Physiological rating Answer: B Difficulty: 1 Page: 286 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 7.

Children during middle childhood can run faster and longer. What allows children to achieve these results during this time in the lifespan? a.

The heart grows 80% larger during this time.

Incorrect. Lung capacity leads to better endurance during this time in the lifespan. b.

Competition leads to increased willingness to put forth more effort. c.

Cognitive desire increases. d.

Lung capacity expands.

Correct. Lung capacity leads to better endurance during this time in the lifespan.

Answer: D Difficulty: 1 Page: 286 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 8.

When he was 6 years old, Perry used to chase his older brother, Marcus, in the backyard, but got winded sooner than Marcus did. Now that Perry is a 9-year-old, he can run faster and longer than ever before and has less trouble keeping up with Marcus’s pace. This is a result of increased ____ in middle childhood. a. lung capacity Correct. Beyond physical and neurological growth, increased lung capacity helps Perry to run faster. b. fine motor movement Incorrect. Children run faster and longer over the course of middle childhood, as lung capacity expands. c. flexibility d. myopic vision Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 286 Skill: A Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: CE 7.1.2 9.

From ages 6 to 12 years, how many primary teeth do children lose? a. a quarter of them b. half of them c. three-quarters

728

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

d. all of them Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page: 286 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 10.

How many primary teeth do children have? a.

10 b.

20 c.

30 d.

40 Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Page: 286 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 11.

Your sister has an 8-year-old who seems to be losing his teeth at a rapid pace. This is her first child and she is concerned. What would you tell her? From age 6 to 12 years, children ____. a. lose all of their primary teeth—this is normal Correct. From age 6 to 12, children lose all 20 of their primary teeth and new, permanent teeth replace them. b. lose some of their teeth, but at a very slow rate c. do not lose any teeth—she needs to consult a dentist immediately Incorrect. From age 6 to 12, children lose all 20 of their primary teeth and new, permanent teeth replace them. d. only lose the front few teeth Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 286 Skill: A Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 12.

Hearing improves in middle childhood because the tube in the inner ear that is often the site of ear infections in toddlerhood and early childhood has now matured to be longer and narrower than it was before. How does this help with ear infections? a.

The tympanic membrane becomes less permeable. b.

It allows the immune system to concentrate its efforts on this area. c.

Children develop immunity to the bacteria that cause ear infections during this time.

Incorrect. Because the tube in the inner ear is longer and narrower than it was before, less fluid containing bacteria is transferred from the mouth to the ear, which in turn makes inner ear infections less likely.

729

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

d.

Less bacteria-containing fluid flows from the mouth to the ear.

Correct. Because the tube in the inner ear is longer and narrower than it was before, less fluid containing bacteria is transferred from the mouth to the ear, which in turn makes inner ear infections less likely.

Answer: D Difficulty: 3 Page: 287 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 13.

Your 4-year-old niece has inner ear infections fairly often. What is a bit of good news that you could tell her mother? In middle childhood ____. a. she will have more ear infections, but the infections build a stronger immune system b. she will have fewer ear infections, and the earlier infections might lead to improved hearing later c. changes in the ear will help children become better listeners Incorrect. Because the tube in the inner ear is longer and narrower than it was before, less fluid containing bacteria is transferred from the mouth to the ear, which in turn makes inner ear infections less likely. d. changes in the ear will result in fewer ear infections Correct. Because the tube in the inner ear is longer and narrower than it was before, less fluid containing bacteria is transferred from the mouth to the ear, which in turn makes inner ear infections less likely.

Answer D Difficulty: 3 Page: 287 Skill: A Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: Post 7.1.2 14.

What terms describes nearsightedness? a. myopia b. presbyscusis c. hyperopia d. protanopia Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 287 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: Pre 7.1.2, CE 7.1.3 15.

Myopia is also known as ____. a. farsightedness b. nearsightedness c. binocular vision

730

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

d. monocular vision Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Page: 287 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: QR 7.1.2 Your sister came home from a pediatrician’s visit with your 9-year-old nephew and was very worried because the doctor told her that your nephew has myopia. She was also very unhappy because the pediatrician failed to give her medication to treat it. What would you tell her about myopia? a.

It simply means nearsightedness.

Correct. Myopia is nearsightedness. b.

It is an intense fungal infection of the sclera. c.

It results in permanent retinal damage.

Incorrect. Myopia is nearsightedness. d.

It is a disease of the eye that occurs only in children with cancer.

Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 287 Skill: A Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 16.

17.

What is a factor that can lead to children developing nearsightedness? a. reading Correct. Reading, writing, and using computers often are factors that can lead to children developing myopia. b. watching movies Incorrect. Reading, writing, and using computers often are factors that can lead to children developing myopia. c. bird watching d. batting at the batting cage Answer A Difficulty: 2 Page: 287 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 18.

Your sister is happy that your niece loves to read and she reads constantly. What is a potential problem that can occur as a function of reading? a. hyperopia Incorrect. Reading is associated with nearsightedness—myopia. b. protanopia c. myopia Correct. Reading is associated with nearsightedness—myopia.

731

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

d. retinopathy Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page: 287 Skill: A Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 19.

Myopia is more likely to occur in _____ as it is positively correlated with _____. a. developed countries; reading, writing, and using computers Correct. The rate of nearsightedness is higher in developed countries, and the problem is more likely to occur when the rate of reading, writing, and the use of computers increases. b. developing countries; reading, writing, and using computers Incorrect. Myopia is a problem that is more likely to occur in developed countries than in developing countries. The more children read, write, and use computers, the more likely they are to develop myopia. c. developed countries; hunting, farming, and gathering d. developing countries; hunting, farming, and gathering Answer: A Difficulty: 3 Page: 287 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A % correct 88 a= 88 b= 0 c= 0 d= 13 r = .55 20.

Which of the following pairs has the highest concordance rate for myopia? a. monozygotic twins in a developed nation Correct. Myopia being partly genetic and partly environmental, monozygotic twins in a developed nation are more likely to have a closer concordance rate. b. monozygotic twins in a developing nation c. dizygotic twins in a developed nation d. dizygotic twins in a developing nation Incorrect. Myopia is a problem that is more likely to occur in developing countries than in developing countries, and in MZ twins more than DZ twins since it is also partly genetic.

Answer: A Difficulty: 3 Page: 287 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: CE 7.1.4 21.

According to Mutti et al. (2002), what percentage of children in developed countries need glasses by the end of middle childhood? a.

15% b.

25%

732

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

c.

35% d.

45% Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Page: 287 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 22.

When are children less vulnerable to the effects of malnutrition? a. infancy b. early childhood c. middle childhood d. adolescence Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page: 287 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 23.

As compared to earlier times, physical development during middle childhood is best described as ____. a.

“Bodies are stronger and immune systems are better developed.”

Correct. Body strength and a better developed immune system contribute to a higher rate of survival during middle childhood. b.

“Bodies are much more susceptible to disease and illness.” c.

“Bodies are much pudgier with a higher body mass index.” d.

“Bodies are much weaker and immune systems are stressed and taxed.”

Incorrect. In middle childhood, bodies are stronger and more resilient, and immune systems are better developed.

Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 287 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: Post 7.1.3 % correct 100 a= 100 b= 0 c= 0 d= 0 r = .00 24.

Barrett and Frank (1987) studied children from Guatemala who were classified as having high nutrient levels or low nutrient levels. Compared to children with low nutrient levels, children with high nutrient levels were ____. a. more likely to persist in a frustrating situation Correct. Children who were classified in early childhood as having high nutrient levels were more likely than children with low nutrient levels to explore new environments in middle childhood and to persist in a frustrating situation. They were also more energetic, less anxious, and showed more positive emotion. b. likely to cling to their mothers more

733

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

Incorrect. Children who were classified in early childhood as having high nutrient levels were more likely than children with low nutrient levels to explore new environments in middle childhood and to persist in a frustrating situation. They were also more energetic, less anxious, and showed more positive emotion. c. significantly more anxious d. less likely to be energetic Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 287 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: Pre 7.1.3 25.

In a Guatemalan study that examined nutrition and development, children who were classified as having ____ were more likely than children with ____ to explore new environments in middle childhood and persist in a frustrating situation. a. low body mass index; high body mass index b. high body mass index; low body mass index Incorrect. Children who were classified in early childhood as having high nutrient levels were more likely than children with low nutrient levels to explore new environments in middle childhood and to persist in a frustrating situation. c. low nutrient levels; high nutrient levels d. high nutrient levels; low nutrient levels Correct. From this study it was clear that higher nutritional levels led to a greater degree of exploration and positive emotions; physiological development correlates to stronger cognitive and social measures.

Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page: 287 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 26.

Internationally, children aged 6 to 10 years are considered to be overweight if ____. a. they eat more than 2,000 calories a day b. fail to exercise for more than 30 minutes per day c. have a BMI that exceeds 18 d. have 20% or more body fat Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page: 287–288 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: CE 7.1.5, QR 7.1.3

27.

Internationally, children aged 6 to 10 years are considered to be obese if ____. a. they eat more than 4,000 calories a day

734

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

b. fail to exercise for more than 10 minutes per day c. have a BMI that exceeds 21 d. have 40% or more body fat Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page: 287–288 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 28.

Your little brother, who is 8 years old, has gained a lot of weight over the past couple of years and your parents are concerned. At his annual physical exam, the doctor indicated that he had a BMI of 23. This means that your brother ____. a. is obese Correct. A BMI of 23 for children this age indicates obesity. b. is overweight Incorrect. A BMI of 23 for children this age indicates obesity. c. is of normal weight d. is actually underweight for his age Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 287–288 Skill: A Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 29.

Internationally, children ages 6 to 10 are considered to be ____ if their BMI exceeds 18 and ____ if their BMI exceeds 21. a. overweight; obese b. obese; overweight c. underweight; emaciated d. emaciated; underweight Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 287–288 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 30.

Across countries, rates of overweight and obesity are highest in the most ____ regions and lowest in the ____ regions. a. affluent; poorest b. poorest; affluent c. largest; smallest d. smallest; largest Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 288

735

Chapter 7, Section 1 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A % correct 75 a= 75 b= 0 c= 19 d= 6

Test Item File

r = .25

31.

In the U.S., rates of overweight and obesity are higher in ____. a. ethnic minority groups b. high income families c. first-generation families d.

White American families Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 288 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 32.

Which of the following changes is the largest contributor to the increased rate of overweight and obese children? a. dietary change b. genetic change c. chromosomal change d. biological change Answer: A Difficulty: 1 Page: 288 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: CE 7.1.6 33.

You are a single parent of two children who are 7 and 9 years old. You have noticed that both of them are starting to look like they are gaining weight. According to the text, what is the most important thing that you can do to insure that they will not become overweight or obese? a. prepare healthy foods for meals Correct. Rates of overweight and obesity are rising because more and more parents have become less likely to prepare meals at home and more likely to buy meals away from home, especially “fast foods” that are high in fat content. b. never let them eat desserts Incorrect. Rates of overweight and obesity are rising because more and more parents have become less likely to prepare meals at home and more likely to buy meals away from home, especially “fast foods” that are high in fat content. c. increase their activity levels d. allow them to snack while playing video games Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 288 Skill: A

736

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: Post 7.1.4 34.

As a contributor to the ____ rate of obesity, over recent decades people have become ____ likely to prepare meals at home and ____ likely to buy meals away from home. a. increased; less; more Correct. The rate of obesity has increased; dietary behaviors such as eating out have been isolated as a contributing factor b. increased; more; less Incorrect. The most important contribution to the rise in childhood obesity is the change in diets. Over recent decades people have become less likely to prepare meals at home and more likely to buy meals away from home, especially “fast foods” that are high in fat content. c. decreased; less; more d. decreased; more; less Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 288 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 35.

Why are the rates of overweight and obese children in developing countries rising? a.

There is a worldwide shortage of protein.

Incorrect. Rates of overweight and obesity are rising in the populations of developing countries in part because their diets are becoming more like the diets of people in developed countries—fewer healthy, home-cooked meals and more “fast foods” that are high in fat content. b.

Their children are becoming lazy. c.

Their diets are becoming more like the diets of developed countries.

Correct. Rates of overweight and obesity are rising in the populations of developing countries in part because their diets are becoming more like the diets of people in developed countries—fewer healthy, home-cooked meals and more “fast foods” that are high in fat content. d.

They are also acquiring the technology to play games on the Internet for hours.

Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page: 288 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: Pre 7.1.4 36.

Your roommate and you are having a discussion of the “Westernization” of many developing countries. You are concerned about the ill effects of some of Western culture.

In terms of healthy weight of children in developing countries, why would you be concerned about the potential changes in their diets that can come with Westernization?

Children in developing countries ____.

737

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

a.

can now get pre-packaged Western foods that contain precisely the nutrients that they require Incorrect. Rates of overweight and obesity are rising in the populations of developing countries in part because their diets are becoming more like the diets of people in developed countries—fewer healthy, home-cooked meals and more “fast foods” high in fat content. b. require that their diets contain fluoride because of the great risk of tooth decay c. need extra calories to be healthy and Western diets are not sufficient d. are eating more unhealthy foods as a result of Western diets Correct. Rates of overweight and obesity are rising in the populations of developing countries in part because their diets are becoming more like the diets of people in developed countries—fewer healthy, home-cooked meals and more “fast foods” high in fat content.

Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page: 288 Skill: A Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 37.

In a longitudinal study that followed a sample of American children from age 4 to 11, TV-watching predicted gains in ____. a. body fat b. academic scores c. cognitive ability d. socioemotional maturity Answer: A Difficulty: 1 Page: 288 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: CE 7.1.7 % correct 100 a= 100 b= 0 c= 0 d= 0 r = .00 38.

In a longitudinal study, Proctor et al. (2003) found that children who watched at least three hours of television a day ____. a. gained 40% more body fat than those who watched less than 1.5 hours a day Correct. The study found that children who watched at least three hours of television a day gained 40% more body fat than children who watched less than 1.5 hours a day. b. earned better grades than those who watched less than 1.5 hours a day Incorrect. The study found that children who watched at least three hours of television a day gained 40% more body fat than children who watched less than 1.5 hours a day. c. increased their reaction time scores by 35% compared to children who watched less than 1.5 hours a day d. were more likely to develop Type II diabetes than children who watched less than 1.5 hours a day Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 288

738

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: QR 7.1.4 39.

Your brother was happy to report to you that your 7-year-old niece and 8-year-old nephew both watch about three hours of educational television per day. He is convinced that this is a great way for his children to learn additional information that is not presented in school. What do you think? Your niece and nephew are likely to ____. a. develop technical skills that other children their ages do not possess b. skip a grade level soon Incorrect: Proctor et al. found that children who watched at least three hours of television a day gained 40% more body fat than children who watched less than 1.5 hours a day. c. be on their way to becoming overweight or obese Correct. Proctor et al. found that children who watched at least three hours of television a day gained 40% more body fat than children who watched less than 1.5 hours a day. d. be two of the smartest children at their schools Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page: 288 Skill: A Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 40.

In a longitudinal study that followed a sample of American children from age 4 to 11, TV watching predicted gains in body fat. The study found that these were ____. a. positively correlated—as TV consumption increased, body fat increased Correct. The longitudinal study by Roberts and Foehr, 2004 illustrated a positive correlation between TV consumption and body fat. b. negatively correlated—as TV consumption increased, body fat decreased c. uncorrelated—there is no relationship between TV consumption and body fat d. neutrally correlated—as TV consumption increased, body fat remained the same Incorrect. The study showed that children who watched at least 3 hours of TV a day gained 40% more body fat than children who watched less than 1.5 hours a day.

Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 288 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 41.

As children spend more time watching TV they are more likely to be____ and spend less time ____. a. overweight or obese; exercising Correct. TV consumption is negatively correlated with exercise. b. underweight or thin; using a computer c. of average weight; reading

739

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

Incorrect. Studies have shown that the amount of television watching is positively correlated to childhood obesity and negatively correlated with the amount of time spent in physical exercise. d. overweight or underweight; in school Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 288 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 42.

Why are rates of overweight and obese children especially high among African American and Latino children? a. they have no place to play outside b. they are genetically more likely to become overweight and obese Incorrect: These children watch more television than other groups. Amount of time viewing television is related to gaining body fat. c. their mothers are less likely to prepare nutritious meals d. they tend to watch the most television per day Correct. These children watch more television than other groups. Amount of time viewing television is related to gaining body fat.

Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page: 288 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: Post 7.1.5 43.

What has research discovered regarding childhood obesity in children who were adopted?

Adopted children ____. a. have BMIs that are more similar to their adoptive parents b. are likely to have the same interest in sedentary games as their biological parents Incorrect. Adopted children tend to have BMIs that are closer to their biological parents than to their adoptive parents. c. crave sweets and fats like their biological parents d. have BMIs that are closer to their biological parents than to their adoptive parents Correct. Adopted children tend to have BMIs that are closer to their biological parents than to their adoptive parents.

Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page: 289 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: CE 7.1.8 44.

Adopted children tend to have a ____ that is closer to their ____ than to their ____. a.

BMI; biological parents; adoptive parents

740

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

Correct. Genetics has been shown to be contributor to obesity; the closer the genetic relationship, the greater the similarity. b.

BMI; adoptive parents; biological parents Incorrect. Genetics make a contribution to obesity, as adopted children tend to have BMIs that are closer to their biological parents than to their adoptive parents. c. blood glucose level; biological parents; adoptive parents d. blood glucose level; adoptive parents; biological parents Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 289 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 45.

What can be said regarding the relationship between genetics and obesity? a.

Genetics provides only a risk for overweight and obesity, not a definite destiny.

Correct. Genetics cannot explain recent rises in obesity rates, as genetics provide only a risk for overweight and obesity, not a definite destiny. b.

Genetics is destiny. If an individual has the FTO gene, he or she will become obese.

Incorrect. Genetics cannot explain recent rises in obesity rates, as genetics provide only a risk for overweight and obesity, not a definite destiny. c.

There really is no genetic relationship, only environment. d.

Eating sweets and carbs changes chromosome so that the individual’s offspring will have difficulties with obesity.

Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 289 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: QR 7.1.5, Pre 7.1.5 46.

You have a friend whose parents are obese. Since he graduated from college he has devoted a significant amount of his efforts to doing well in his new job, leaving him with less time to exercise and prepare healthy meals. Consequently, he has gained weight. He is concerned that since he must have the FTO gene, that he is doomed to be obese like his parents are. What would you tell him? a.

Genetics provides only a risk for overweight and obesity, not a definite destiny.

If he eats nutritious meals and begins to exercise, he should lose the weight.

Correct. Recent research has identified a specific gene, called FTO, that sharply increases children’s risk for obesity. However, genetics provide only a risk for overweight and obesity, not a definite destiny. b.

Genetics is destiny. He might as well not worry about becoming obese since he is definitely going to be obese no matter what he does.

Incorrect. Recent research has identified a specific gene, called FTO, that sharply increases children’s risk for obesity. However, genetics provide only a risk for overweight and obesity, not a definite destiny. c.

His weight gain has nothing to do with his parents. There really is no genetic relationship.

741

Chapter 7, Section 1 d.

Test Item File

His parents must have eaten quite a bit of sweets and carbs before he was conceived and he now has the genes for obesity.

Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 289 Skill: A Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 48.

A compelling study of the Pima Indians in Arizona and Mexico was conducted. The Pima Indians who live in Mexico continue to eat a diet that is high in vegetables and low in fat and sugars, while the Pima Indians who live in Arizona eat more like mainstream Americans. Which of the following best describes the result of this study? a.

The Mexican Pima Indians have a BMI that is 80% higher than the American Pima Indians.

Incorrect. The American Pima Indians have an average BMI that is 50% higher than their counterparts in Mexico. b.

The Mexican and American Pima Indians have equal BMIs. c.

The American Pima Indians have an average BMI that is 50% higher than the Mexican Pima Indians.

Correct. The American Pima Indians have an average BMI that is 50% higher than their counterparts in Mexico. d.

The study was a hoax to argue that eating a traditional diet was healthier, which is not true.

Answer: C Difficulty: 3 Page: 289 Skill: A Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 49.

Socially, being obese ____ the likelihood that a child will be socially ____ and the object of ____ by peers. a. decreases; accepted; envy Incorrect. Being obese increases the likelihood that a child will be socially excluded and the object of ridicule by peers. b. decreases; rejected; ridicule c. increases; included; envy d. increases; excluded; ridicule Correct. Obese children tend to have a lower self-worth and more often are the target of other children's teasing.

Answer: D Difficulty: 1 Page: 289 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A % correct 85 a= 0 b= 8 c= 8 d= 85 r = .51

742

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

49.

By middle childhood, obesity is a risk factor for ____. a. not being popular in middle school b.

ADHD, primarily hyperactivity-impulsivity type c. schizophrenia d. a variety of emotional and behavior problems Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page: 289 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: CE 7.1.9 % correct 63 a= 6 b= 13 c= 19 d= 63 r = .57 50.

Your roommate believes that overweight children are happy children. What is the truth about this myth? a.

Not only are they the happiest, they have the most friends.

Incorrect. Being obese increases the likelihood that a child will be socially excluded and the object of ridicule by peers. By middle childhood obesity is a risk factor for a variety of emotional and behavioral problems. b.

Obese children, not overweight children, are the happiest children in most cultures. c.

Overweight children are at risk for a variety of emotional and behavior problems.

Correct. Being obese increases the likelihood that a child will be socially excluded and the object of ridicule by peers. By middle childhood obesity is a risk factor for a variety of emotional and behavioral problems. d.

Although overweight children tend to be happier compared to their peers, this is only true in adolescence, not earlier in childhood.

Answer: C Difficulty: 1 Page: 289 Skill: A Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 51.

Even in middle childhood, obesity can result in ____. a. diabetes b. nephrosis c. stroke d. cardiac arrest Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 289 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: Post 7.1.6 52.

What percentage of children remain obese in adulthood? a.

20%

743

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

b.

40% c.

60% d.

80% Answer: D Difficulty: 3 Page: 289 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 53.

What are some of the health problems that obese adults have? a. high blood pressure, heart attacks, and cancer b. insomnia, incontinence, and bowel obstruction c. halitosis, male pattern baldness, and trichophyton d. chronic fever, hunger, and flatulence Answer: A Difficulty: 3 Page: 289 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: CE 7.1.10 54.

Your brother and sister-in-law do not like to cook and neither one of them seems to have a very good understanding of nutrition. Their 9-year-old son has a BMI of 24, but they are not concerned because they feel that he will simply outgrow being overweight. Why should they be more concerned? As adults, overweight and obese individuals ____. a. spend a considerable amount of their budget on fast food b. are more likely to have high blood pressure, heart attacks, and cancer Correct. The major risk factors for adults who are overweight or obese are high blood pressure, heart attacks, and cancer. c. are more likely to have ADHD Incorrect. The major risk factors for adults who are overweight or obese are high blood pressure, heart attacks, and cancer. d. to be married to their jobs and ignore their families Answer: B Difficulty: 3 Page: 289 Skill: A Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: Pre 7.1.6 % correct 100 a= 0 b= 100 c= 0 d= 0 r = .00 55.

_____ of parents of obese children view their children as overweight. a.

90 to 95% b.

80 to 85% c.

70 to 75% d.

Less than 50% Answer: D

744

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

Difficulty: 3 Page: 289 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 56.

In developed and developing countries, middle childhood is ____. a. the most dangerous period of life b. the safest and healthiest time of life c. a time when there is a spike in injury due to accidents d. equal in safety to infancy and early childhood Answer: B Difficulty: 3 Page: 289 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A

57.

Your sister constantly worries about your nephew, who is currently a toddler. She knows that this is a time of important physical and behavioral development and worries that every bump, bruise, or sniffle could negatively affect his future health and well being.

What can you tell her as your nephew approaches middle childhood? a.

It is the safest and healthiest time of life.

Correct. Middle childhood is in many ways the safest, healthiest time of life. b.

She needs to be very careful because there is a spike in injury rates during this time. c.

More children get sick and injured during this time than when they were younger.

Incorrect. Middle childhood is in many ways the safest, healthiest time of life. d.

Most children suffer no illnesses or injuries during this time.

Answer: A Difficulty: 3 Page: 289 Skill: A Learning Objective: 7.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 58.

Which of the following stages of life has the lowest death rate? a. infancy b. late toddlerhood c. middle childhood d. early adolescence Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page: 289 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

745

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 59.

During middle toddlerhood more children have received ____ and their _____ stronger, which contributes to a lower death rate. a. vitamin B; lungs are b. calcium; heart is Incorrect. In both developed and developing countries, by middle childhood a great proportion of children have received vaccinations against diseases. Even children who have not received vaccinations are less susceptible to fatal diseases in middle childhood than they were earlier in their development because their natural immune systems have become stronger. c. immunizations; immune system is Correct. In both developed and developing countries, by middle childhood a great proportion of children have received vaccinations against diseases. Even children who have not received vaccinations are less susceptible to fatal diseases in middle childhood than they were earlier in their development because their natural immune systems have become stronger. d. viral infections; muscles are Answer: C Difficulty: 3 Page: 289 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: QR 7.1.6 60.

In 1978 nearly 30% of children aged 5 to 10 years had dangerously elevated levels of lead in their blood, which can cause brain damage. What was the rate in 2001? a.

1% b.

11% c.

21% d.

31% Answer: A Difficulty: 3 Page: 290 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: Post 7.1.7 61.

According to national U.S. studies, in 1978 nearly ____ of children ages 5-10 had dangerously elevated levels of lead in their blood, which can cause brain damage; by 2001, the rate had fallen to ____. a.

30%; 1% b.

40%; 5% c.

50%; 10% d.

60%; 15% Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 290 Skill: F

746

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

Learning Objective: 7.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: Pre 7.1.7 62.

____ is a chronic illness of the lungs characterized by wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. a.

Asthma b.

Eczema c.

Allergies d.

Psoriasis Answer: A Difficulty: 1 Page: 290 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: CE 7.1.11 63.

An asthma attack can be triggered by ____ a. an immunization b. exercise or emotional stress c. high levels of lead in gasoline d. a genetic predisposition to heart disease Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page: 290 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 64.

When are the rates of asthma the highest? a. infancy b. early childhood c. middle childhood d. adolescence Answer: C Difficulty: 3 Page: 290 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 65.

Your family has a history of asthma and allergies. Your brother is a smoker and he and his wife have a 6-year-old son. What do you need to tell him regarding smoking and asthma? a.

If he wants his child to have asthma, keep smoking.

Correct. Having a parent who smokes is a risk factor for a child to develop asthma. b.

Smoking will reduce the likelihood that his child will have asthma.

747

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

c.

Although many people think that there is a link between smoking and asthma, there is not. d.

Children of smoking parents have been found to have unusually strong lung capacities.

Incorrect. Having a parent who smokes is a risk factor for a child to develop asthma.

Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 290 Skill: A Learning Objective: 7.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 66.

What is a risk factor associated with childhood asthma? a. postmaturity at birth b. high SES status c. parental smoking d. a BMI that is too low Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page: 290 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 67.

Why are there higher rates of asthma in developing countries than there used to be? a. air pollution Correct. In developing countries, air pollution has become worse as a result of increased industrialization, and air pollution can trigger asthma. b. poor water quality Incorrect. In developing countries, air pollution has become worse as a result of increased industrialization, and air pollution can trigger asthma. c. increased number of fast-food restaurants d. living in close proximity to animals in rural areas Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 290 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: QR 7.1.7 68.

What ethnic group is especially likely to have childhood asthma? a.

Asian Americans b.

African Americans c.

Hispanic Americans d.

White Americans Answer: B Difficulty: 3 Page: 290

748

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 69.

What is the most common cause of injury in middle childhood? a. sports-related injuries b. accidental poisoning c. bicycle accidents d. automobile accidents Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page: 290 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.3 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: Post 7.1.8 70.

Improvements in _____ in middle childhood allow a child to stay steady on a bike without training wheels or walk on a board across a river. a. balance Correct. Improved balance is 1 of many physical abilities that further develop during middle childhood. b. strength c. hand-eye coordination Incorrect. From early to middle childhood, children’s balance improves, allowing them to stay steady on a bike without training wheels or walk on a board across a river. d. reaction time Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 291 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 71.

Agility is ____. a. synchronization of different body parts b. moving quickly and precisely c. a response to changing information d. the ability to manage equilibrium Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Page: 291 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: CE 7.1.12 72.

At age 7, Felix is a much better soccer player than he was at age 4. Not only is he a fast runner but he can dribble the soccer ball down the field by alternating right-foot, left-foot

749

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

kicks. He can also fake out defenders by pretending to kick the ball with his right foot but actually using his left foot. Felix’s improvement in soccer illustrates growth in which of the following areas? a. balance b. agility Correct. Agility is the ability to move quickly and precisely. c. reaction time Incorrect. Agility is the ability to move quickly and precisely. d. strength Answer: B Difficulty: 3 Page: 291 Skill: A Learning Objective: 7.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: Pre 7.1.8 73.

Development in what allows children in middle childhood to respond rapidly to changing information, like hitting a tennis ball or catching a baseball? a. reaction time Correct. Improvements in reaction time allow children to respond rapidly to changing information, for example when hitting a tennis ball over the net or when catching or hitting a baseball. b. eye-hand coordination Incorrect. Improvements in reaction time allow children to respond rapidly to changing information, for example when hitting a tennis ball over the net or when catching or hitting a baseball. c. myelination d. muscular virility Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 291 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: QR 7.1.8 74.

____ is the ability to move quickly and precisely, whereas ____ is the response to changing information. a.

Agility; reaction time b.

Reaction time; agility c.

Coordination; strength d.

Strength; coordination Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 291 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A

750

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

75.

In the United States and Canada, what percentage of children between the ages of 5 and 14 are involved in organized sports? a.

10% b.

30% c.

50% d.

70% Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page: 291 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: CE 7.1.13 76.

In ____, about ____ of children are involved in organized sports at least once between the ages of 5 and 14. a.

China and Taiwan; 1/4 b. the U.S. and Canada; 1/2 c.

India and Pakistan; 3/4 d.

Nicaragua and Colombia; 1/2 Answer: B Difficulty: 3 Page: 291 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A

77.

What percentage of American middle school children in 1969 participated in daily physical education? a.

80% b.

60% c.

40% d.

20% Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 292 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 78.

In the United States in 1969, 80% of children were involved in daily physical education programs. What was the percentage in 2005? a.

8% b.

24% c.

56% d.

80% Answer: A Difficulty: 2

751

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

Page: 292 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 79.

In the U.S., the percentage of children involved in daily physical education programs during middle childhood decreased from ____ in 1969 to just ____ in 2005. a.

80%; 8% b.

70%; 7% c.

60%; 6% d.

50%; 5% Answer: A Difficulty: 3 Page: 292 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.4 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 80.

Not many 3- or 4-year-olds can ____ successfully, but nearly all ____-year-olds can. a. tie their shoe; 8–9 b. kick a ball; 5–6 c. pet a dog; 8–9 d. run and jump; 6-7 Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 292 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: Post 7.1.10 81.

In many developing countries, children become valuable as factory workers in middle childhood because of their ____. a. abilities to perform gross motor tasks such threading a needle on a sewing machine Incorrect. In many developing countries, children become valuable as factory workers in middle childhood because of their abilities to perform intricate fine motor skills such as weaving rugs. b. cognitive abilities to perform complex conceptual tasks such as designing products c. emotional stability because some adult factory employees are hot-tempered d. abilities to perform intricate fine motor tasks such as weaving rugs Correct. Smaller, agile, and nimble fingers tend to be beneficial in the factories of developing nations.

Answer: D Difficulty: 3 Page: 292 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.5

752

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: Post 7.1.9 82.

Across cultures, advances in fine motor development are especially evident in two areas—what are they? a. throwing and catching b. drawing and writing c. jumping and hopping d. walking backwards and rolling Answer: B Difficulty: 2 Page: 292 Skill: F Learning Objective: 7.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember MDL Parallel Question ID: QR 7.1.9, QR 7.1.10 83.

Which of the following fine motor tasks is within the appropriate developmental age range for a 6-year-old? a. writing the letters of the alphabet, their name, and numbers from 1 to 10 Correct. Fine motor skills of a 6-year-old have developed to a point to where they can write the alphabet, their name, and 1-10. b. writing complete sentences, reading a 2nd-grade level book, and spelling words such as “hippopotamus” c. running a 4-minute mile, jumping over hurdles, and dribbling a soccer ball d. writing in cursive, drawing in three-dimensional shapes, and using symbolism in storytelling Incorrect. By age 6 most children are able to write the letters of the alphabet, their own names, and numbers from 1 to 10.

Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 293 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: Pre 7.1.9, CE 7.1.14 84.

6-year-olds can ____, whereas 8-year-olds can ____. a. divide numbers in their head; add numbers in their head b. add numbers in their head; divide numbers in their head c. write in cursive; write letters of the alphabet Incorrect. By age 6 most children are able to write the letters of the alphabet, their own names, and numbers from 1 to 10. By age 8 or 9 most children can learn to write in cursive. d. write letters of the alphabet; write in cursive Correct. Fine motor skills have developed to a point to where they can a can write the alphabet; by age 8 it has developed to where they can write in cursive.

Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page: 293 Skill: C

753

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

Learning Objective: 7.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 85.

By the end of middle childhood what abilities have nearly reached adult maturity? a. gross motor skills Incorrect. By the end of middle childhood fine motor abilities have nearly reached adult maturity, whereas gross motor development will continue to advance for many years to come. b. psycho-motor skills c. vestibular-motor skills d. fine motor skills Correct. By the end of middle childhood fine motor abilities have nearly reached adult maturity, whereas gross motor development will continue to advance for many years to come.

Answer: D Difficulty: 2 Page: 293 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: Pre 7.1.10, CE 7.1.15 86.

Your brother was an All-American baseball shortstop. His 8-year-old son is not nearly as good at catching a baseball as your brother would like. He was hoping that your nephew would also be interested in and good at baseball. Although you think that your brother should support his son’s interests rather than have your nephew pursue what your brother wants him to do, what can you tell your brother about his son’s athletic abilities? a.

Gross motor skills continue to develop for quite a while, he should be patient.

Correct. Gross motor development continues to advance for many years to come after middle childhood. b.

His son is probably not going to be athletic. He is too clumsy.

Incorrect. Gross motor development continues to advance for many years to come after middle childhood. c.

Perhaps your brother should enroll his son in gymnastics to help him improve his coordination. d.

His son’s chance of being a great baseball player are doomed. Your nephew’s fine motor skills seem to be abnormal.

Answer: A Difficulty: 2 Page: 293 Skill: A Learning Objective: 7.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A 87.

Generally, by the end of middle childhood the fine motor abilities have ____, whereas gross motor development ____. a. remained the same; has grown exponentially b. reached their pinnacle; grew very little

754

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

Incorrect. By the end of middle childhood fine motor abilities have nearly reached adult maturity, whereas gross motor development will continue to advance for many years to come. c. nearly reached adult maturity; will continue to advance for many years to come Correct. By the end of middle childhood fine motor abilities have nearly reached adult maturity, whereas gross motor development will continue to advance for many years to come. d. tripled in strength; has declined rapidly.

Answer: C Difficulty: 2 Page: 293 Skill: C Learning Objective: 7.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand MDL Parallel Question ID: N/A

Short Answer Questions 88. What is myopia and what is one reason that it increases in middle childhood?

Answer: Myopia is nearsightedness. It is more common in developed countries and can be caused by tasks that require perceiving details up close, such as reading (on a computer and in books) and writing.

Page: 287 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply 89. Based on research, is there a sensitive period for long-term effects of malnutrition? Provide an example to support your response.

Answer: Yes, the sensitive period seems to be between the second trimester of pregnancy through age 3. This is based on findings in poor countries comparing those who were malnourished in early childhood to those who were not. The malnourished children scored lower on cognitive tests and were higher in anxiety.

Page: 287 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand 90. There are many obvious environmental influences on obesity; is there any evidence for a genetic/biological explanation? Use research evidence to support your answer.

Answer: Yes, genetics plays a role. MZ twins show higher concordance rates for obesity than do DZ twins. Children who were adopted are more like their biological parent in weight than their adoptive parents. There is evidence for a specific gene that increases risk of obesity.

Page: 289 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply 91. What are two risk factors for Asthma?

Answer: Being male, low birth weight, having a parent who smokes, obesity, African American heritage are risk factors.

Page: 290 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

755

Chapter 7, Section 1

Test Item File

92. Explain why rates have continued to rise over time in developed and developing countries?

Answer: The hygiene hypothesis, being so clean that the immune system does not develop properly, is one explanation for increases in developed countries. The rise in pollution as a result of modernization is an explanation for the rise in developing countries.

Page: 290 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

Essay Questions 93. Overall, how would researchers characterize the period of middle childhood in terms of health and safety? Explain, using at least one example to address illness and one to address injuries.

Answer: Middle childhood is considered the healthiest and safest time of life and mortality rates are lowest during this developmental period. In both developed and developing countries, rates of illness are lower due to stronger immune systems, even among those who are not vaccinated. Injury rates are also lower than they were earlier because of better motor skills and better judgment that comes with more sophisticated cognitive development. They are also less likely to get involved in risky situations than they will in adolescence because they have less freedom than they will in their teen years.

Page: 290 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply 94. Imagine that you asked a 3-year-old and a 7-year-old from a developed country to draw a picture of herself. Besides the older child being neater, what are three differences you would see?

Answer: The older child will draw with greater detail (showing facial features, multiple colored clothing, various items in the background), the proportions will be more accurate, and sand depth cues will be used.

Page: 292 Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

756

Chapter 7, Section 1

MyDevelopmentLab Question Bank

MyDevelopmentLab Question Bank Pre-Test Pre 7.1.1.

When are boys and girls most likely to be the slimmest? a. infancy b. middle childhood c. adolescence d. late childhood Answer: b Page: 286

Pre 7.1.2.

What is the medical term for nearsightedness? a. prebyscusis b. hyperopia c. myopia d.

Pretanopia Answer: c Page: 287

Pre 7.1.3.

Children participating in a study in Guatemala were classified into high nutrient level or low nutrient level groups (Barrett and Frank, 1987). Compared to children with low nutrient levels, children with high nutrient levels ____. a. clinged to their mothers more b. were more likely to persist in a frustrating situation c. were significantly more anxious d. were less likely to be energetic Answer: b Page: 287

Pre 7.1.4.

Why are rates of overweight and obese children rising in developing countries? a.

Their diets are becoming more like the diets in developed countries. b.

There is a worldwide shortage of protein. c.

Their children are becoming lazy. d.

They are also acquiring the technology to play games on the Internet for hours.

Answer: a Page: 288

Pre 7.1.5.

What is the current understanding of how genetics influences obesity? a.

Genetics can explain recent rises in obesity rates and this mystery is now solved. b.

Genetics only explains obesity with regard to females. c.

Genetics is a good explanation for recent rises in obesity rates during childhood; however it does little to explain the rates of obesity for adulthood. d.

Genetics cannot explain recent rises in obesity rates. Genetics provide only a risk for overweight and obesity, not a definite destiny.

Answer: d

757

Chapter 7, Section 1

MyDevelopmentLab Question Bank

Page: 289 Pre 7.1.6.

Your neighbors eat out quite a bit and most of it is fast food. Their 8-year-old daughter has a BMI of 24, but they are not concerned because they feel that she will simply outgrow being overweight. Why should they be more concerned? As adults, overweight and obese individuals ____. a. tend to spend a considerable amount of their budget on fast food b. are more likely to have high blood pressure, heart attacks, and cancer c. are more likely to have ADHD d. are more likely to be married to their jobs and ignore their families Answer: b Page: 289

Pre 7.1.7.

In 1978 what percentage of children aged 5 through 10 years had dangerously elevated levels of lead in their blood? a.

30% b.

40% c.

50% d.

60% Answer: a Page: 290

Pre 7.1.8.

Your 9-year-old niece is a much better soccer play than she was at age 4. She is a lot faster and has much better ball control. Her improvement in her soccer skills illustrates growth in ____. a. balance b. agility c. reaction time d. strength Answer: b Page: 291

Pre 7.1.9.

Your sister-in-law has been frustrated with your 6-year-old nephew's writing skills and development. He is able to write the letters of the alphabet, but cannot write in cursive. She believes that she was able to do so by her son's age. Given your evaluation of the situation, what do you think? a.

He is doing fine for a 6-year-old. He should not be able to write in cursive for another two years. b.

He probably needs more practice with fine motor skills because he is delayed in his development. c.

He probably has no desire to please his mother and do what she requests. d.

Inability to write in cursive is a symptom of a serious developmental disorder.

Answer: a Page: 293

Pre 7.1.10.

By the end of middle childhood, gross motor development will ____. a. nearly reach adult maturity b. begin to plateau c. continue to advance for many years yet d. accelerate in development and then fade

758

Chapter 7, Section 1

MyDevelopmentLab Question Bank

Answer: c Page: 293

Post-Test Post 7.1.1.

How many pounds per year does the average child gain in weight during middle childhood? a.

2 to 4 pounds b.

5 to 7 pounds c.

7 to 9 pounds d.

10 to 12 pounds Answer: b Page: 286

Post 7.1.2.

Your neighbor's daughter had quite a few ear infections during early childhood.

What could you tell her about her daughter, middle childhood, and ear infections? a.

She will have more ear infections, but the infections build a stronger immune system. b.

She will have fewer ear infections, but the earlier infections might have caused permanent hearing loss. c.

Changes in the ear will result in fewer ear infections during middle childhood. d.

Changes in the ear will help children become better listeners.

Answer: c Page: 287

Post 7.1.3.

During middle childhood physical development is best described as ____. a. bodies are much pudgier with a higher body mass index b. bodies are stronger and the immune systems are better developed c. bodies are much more susceptible to disease and illness d. bodies are much weaker and immune systems are stressed and taxed Answer: b Page: 287

Post 7.1.4.

Your 7-year-old niece and 9-year-old nephew are starting to look like they are gaining weight. According to the text, what is the most important thing that you can do to insure that they will not become overweight or obese? a. prepare healthy foods for meals b. never let them eat desserts c. increase their activity levels d. allow them to snack while playing video games Answer: a Page: 288

Post 7.1.5.

The rates of overweight and obese children are especially high among African American and Latino children. Why? a.

They have no place to play outside. b.

They are genetically more likely to become overweight and obese.

759

Chapter 7, Section 1

MyDevelopmentLab Question Bank

c.

Their mothers are less likely to prepare nutritious meals. d.

They tend to watch the most television per day.

Answer: d Page: 288 Post 7.1.6.

What medical condition can occur in middle childhood as a result of obesity? a. nephrosis b. diabetes c. stroke d. cardiac arrest Answer: b Page: 289

Post 7.1.7.

What percentage of children aged 5 to 10 years in 2001 had dangerously elevated levels of lead in their blood? a.

1% b.

11% c.

21% d.

31% Answer: a Page: 290

Post 7.1.8.

During middle childhood, what is the most common cause of injury? a. sports-related injuries b. automobile accidents c. accidental poisoning d. bicycle accidents Answer: b Page: 290

Post 7.1.9.

Children from developing countries become valuable as factory workers in middle childhood because of their ____. a. abilities to perform intricate fine motor tasks such as weaving rugs b. emotional stability because some adult factory employees are quicktempered c. cognitive abilities to perform complex conceptual tasks such as designing products d. abilities to perform gross motor tasks such threading a needle on a sewing machine Answer: a Page: 292

Post 7.1.10.

Your neighbor's daughter can write the letters of the alphabet, her name, and the numbers from one to ten. However, her mother is upset that her daughter is not performing at what she believes to be at a gifted level. In terms of development during middle childhood, what evaluation of the situation do you have? Your neighbor's daughter is ____. a. probably not going to be gifted based on your observations b. that the mother is probably helping her child's efforts to be gifted by worrying about her performance

760

Chapter 7, Section 1

MyDevelopmentLab Question Bank

c.

doing exactly what she should be doing and that her mother needs to relax d. likely developmentally delayed Answer: c Page: 293

Chapter Exam CE 7.1.1.

How many inches per year does the average child gain in height during middle childhood? a.

2 to 3" b.

5 to 6" c.

8 to 9" d.

11 to 12" Answer: a Page: 286

CE 7.1.2.

Because of an increase in ____, middle childhood children can run faster than they could in early childhood. a. fine motor movement b. flexibility c. lung capacity d. visual acuity Answer: c Page: 286

CE 7.1.3.

What is the technical term for nearsightedness? a. presbyscusis b. myopia c. hyperopia d. pretanopia Answer: b Page: 287

CE 7.1.4.

What type of twins have the highest concordance rate for myopia? a. monozygotic twins in a developed country b. monozygotic twins in a developing country c. dizygotic twins in a developed country d. dizygotic twins in a developing country Answer: a Page: 287

CE 7.1.5.

Children aged 6 to 10 years of age are considered to be overweight if they ____. a. eat more than 2,000 calories a day b. fail to exercise for more than 30 minutes per day c. have 20% or more body fat d. have a BMI that exceeds 18 Answer: d Page: 287–288

761

Chapter 7, Section 1

MyDevelopmentLab Question Bank

CE 7.1.6.

What is the major contributor to the increase of overweight and obese individuals? a. genetic changes b. dietary changes c. chromosomal changes d. biological changes Answer: b Page: 288

CE 7.1.7.

In a study that assessed American children aged 4 to 11 years of age, watching television predicted gains in ____. a. body fat b. academic scores c. cognitive ability d. socio-emotional maturity Answer: a Page: 288

CE 7.1.8.

In terms of childhood obesity, adopted children ____. a. crave sweets and fats like their biological parents b. have BMIs that are closer to their biological parents than to the adoptive parents c. have BMIs that are more similar to their adoptive parents d. are likely to have the same interest in sedentary games as their biological parents Answer: b Page: 289

CE 7.1.9.

Beginning in middle childhood, obesity is a risk factor for ____. a. a variety of emotional and behavioral problems b. not being popular in school c.

ADHD, primarily hyperactivity-impulsivity type d. schizophrenia Answer: a Page: 289

CE 7.1.10.

Obese adults are more likely to have what health problems? a. insomnia, incontinence, and bowel obstruction b. halitosis, male pattern baldness, and trichophyton c. high blood pressure, heart attack, and cancer d. chronic fever, hunger, and flatulence Answer: c Page: 289

CE 7.1.11.

What is a chronic illness of the lungs characterized by wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath? a. eczema b. allergies c. asthma d. psoriasis

762

Chapter 7, Section 1

MyDevelopmentLab Question Bank

Answer: c Page: 290 CE 7.1.12.

How does the text define agility? a. synchronization of different body parts b. response to changing information c. moving quickly and precisely d. ability to manage equilibrium Answer: c Page: 291

CE 7.1.13.

In the United States and Canada, what percentage of children between the ages of 5 and 14 years are involved in organized sports? a.

10% b.

30% c.

50% d.

70% Answer: c Page: 291

CE 7.1.14.

For a 6-year-old, which of the following fine motor tasks is developmentally appropriate? a. writing complete sentences, reading a 2nd-grade level book, and spelling words such as "hippopotamus" b. running a 4-minute mile, jumping over hurdles, and dribbling a soccer ball c. writing the letters of the alphabet, their name, and numbers from 1 to 10 d. writing in cursive, drawing in three-dimensional shapes, and using symbolism in storytelling Answer: c Page: 293

CE 7.1.15.

By the time that a child has reached the end of middle childhood, what abilities are close to adult mastery? a. fine motor skills b. gross motor skills c. psycho-motor skills d. vestibular-motor skills Answer: a Page: 293

Quick Review QR 7.1.1.

What is the ratio of body weight to height referred to as? a. growth index b. body mass index c. boy fat index d.

W-H index Answer: b

763

Chapter 7, Section 1

MyDevelopmentLab Question Bank

Page: 286 QR 7.1.2.

Myopia is also known as ____. a. binocular vision b. farsightedness c. nearsightedness d. monocular vision Answer: c Page: 287

QR 7.1.3.

Children between 6 and 10 years of age are considered to be overweight if they ____. a. eat more than 2,000 calories a day b. have a BMI that exceeds 18 c. fail to exercise for more than 30 minutes per day d. has 20% or more body fat Answer: b Page: 287–288

QR 7.1.4.

Proctor et al. (2003) found that children who watched at least three hours of television a day ____. a. gained 40% more body fat than those who watched less than 1.5 hours a day b. earned better grades than those who watched less than 1.5 hours a day c. increased their reaction time by 35% compared to children who watched less than 1.5 hours a day d. were more likely to develop Type II diabetes than children who watched less than 1.5 hours a day Answer: a Page: 288

QR 7.1.5.

What is the most accurate statement regarding the relationship between genetics and obesity? a.

Genetics is destiny. If an individual has the FTO gene, they will become obese. b.

There really is no genetic relationship, only an environmental one. c.

Eating sweets and carbs changes chromosomes so that the individual's offspring will have difficulties with obesity. d.

Genetics provides a risk for being overweight and obese, but genetics does not equate to destiny.

Answer: d Page: 289

QR 7.1.6.

The death rate during middle childhood is lower than it was in earlier eras to ____. a. vitamins b. immunizations c. calcium d. exercise Answer: b Page: 289

764

Chapter 7, Section 1

MyDevelopmentLab Question Bank

QR 7.1.7.

Why are there higher rates of asthma in developing countries today than in the past? a. air pollution b. poor water quality c. increased number of fast-food restaurant d. living in close proximity to animals in rural areas Answer: a Page: 290

QR 7.1.8.

Development in what allows children in middle childhood to respond rapidly enough to changing information to catch a football or to hit a tennis ball? a. eye-hand coordination b. reaction time c. myelination d. muscular virility Answer: b Page: 291

QR 7.1.9.

Eighty percent of children in middle childhood in 1969 were involved in physical education programs. What was the percentage in 2005? a.

8% b.

24% c.

56% d.

80% Answer: a Page: 292

QR 7.1.10.

During middle childhood, advances in fine motor development are especially evident in what two areas? a. drawing and writing b. throwing and catching c. jumping and hopping d. walking backward and rolling Answer: a Page: 292

765

Chapter 7, Section 1

Video Guide Questions

Video Guide Questions Short Answer Questions 1. According to this video, what are some of the benefits of sports camps to children?

Answer: There are several benefits of attending a sports camp. Some of these benefits include cardiovascular endurance, social skills, increasing coordination, the opportunity to practice skills, strengthening of muscles, team building and increasing comfort with their peers.

2. The person interviewed in this video discusses playing tennis versus video games. Compare and contrast these two activities. The world of gaming has changed considerably since this video was filmed; do you feel that video gaming is still a detriment to the physical health of children of this age?

Answer: Answers will vary.

3. What were some of the reasons mentioned in this video why some children are better at certain sports than others?

Answer: Between the ages of 9 through 13 children grow a considerable amount. The difference in their strength, flexibility, and how often they have the opportunity to practice skills all can impact why one child might be better at a sport than another child.

Multiple Choice Questions 1.

At times during the video, Joan and Bill have moments of life review, a term given to a process in which people who are getting older _________. a. have a midlife crisis b. go through periods of denial, anger, and acceptance c. decide to stop worrying about unfinished business and just forget it d. look back on their lives to review decisions and transitions Answer: D

2.

Joan says that a 70-year-old can decide to feel young and act young, but “if you’re 50 and you think you’re old, you’re old.” Bill says, “I’m 71 years old but I don’t feel 71 years old.” Which concept, mentioned by both of them separately in this video, seems to be a basis for these philosophies? a. attitude b. illusion c. learning d. mood Answer: A

766

Chapter 7, Section 2

TOTAL ASSESSMENT GUIDE

Test Item File

Chapter 7-Section 2 Middle Childhood

Learning Objective Learning Objective 7.6

Multiple Choice

Learning Objective 7.7

Short Answer Essay Multiple Choice

Short Answer Learning Objective 7.8

Essay Multiple Choice

Learning Objective 7.9

Short Answer Essay Multiple Choice

Learning Objective 7.10

Learning Objective 7.11

Short Answer Essay Multiple Choice Short Answer Essay Multiple Choice

Remember

Understand

Apply

2, 5, 8, 10, 13, 14

1, 3, 4, 9, 11

6, 7, 12, 15

16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 34, 36, 37, 38, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48, 50, 54 105

18, 19, 21, 28, 29, 32, 33, 40, 41, 52, 53, 55

110 17, 20, 30, 35, 39, 46, 47, 49, 51

106

107

57, 58, 60, 61, 64, 66, 67, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83

56, 62, 63, 65, 68, 69, 72, 74

111 59, 77, 82

109 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92

86

89 108

93, 94, 95

96, 98, 101, 102, 103, 104

Short Answer Essay

767

97, 99

100