Limbe Wildlife Centre: Green Project Report 2022

Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Limbe Wildlife Centre: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Cover page: community member harvesting cassava leaves and LWC keeper distributing potato leaves to our drill monkey group

Published in March 2023 Limbe Wildlife Centre, P.O. Box 878, Limbe, Republic of Cameroon

Limbe Wildlife Centre is a collaborative effort between the Pandrillus Foundation and the Republic of Cameroon, Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife (MINFOF)

The Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife oversees implementing the national forest policy for ensuring sustainable management and conservation of wildlife and biodiversity over the national territory as enacted by forestry law No. 01/94 of 20 February which regulates all forestry, wildlife, and fisheries activities Pandrillus Foundation is a non-profit making NGO specialised in the protection, rehabilitation, and reintroduction of primates, as well as management and sustainable financing of conservation projects in Africa

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Accreditations and Awards In February 2018, the Limbe Wildlife Centre had its accreditation with the Pan African Sanctuary Alliance (PASA) renewed for another five years. PASA is the largest association of wildlife centres and sanctuaries in Africa, founded by the Limbe Wildlife Centre, along with 6 other primate sanctuaries. Today, PASA includes 23 organisations in 13 countries that demonstrate exceptional commitment and the highest standards of animal welfare and conservation practices, to securing a future for Africa’s primates and their habitat.

In April 2018, the Limbe Wildlife Centre was voted Best Volunteer Abroad Project and chosen to feature in Tutorful’s Wildlife Conservation editorial along with other prestigious organisations making a notable difference in wildlife conservation worldwide.

The LWC gives people the chance to volunteer and assist experienced caregivers with daily caregiving activities, offering the opportunity for volunteers to experience making a meaningful contribution to primate conservation (and all the satisfaction this provides).

In August 2019, the Limbe Wildlife Centre received a 2019 Clark R. Bavin Wildlife Law Enforcement Award at the Conference of the Parties of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in Geneva, Switzerland, in recognition of the remarkable efforts the LWC has made to help combat wildlife crime.

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Contents Accreditations and Awards ............................................................................................... 3 Contents .............................................................................................................................. 5 Contents .............................................................................................................................. 5 Our institutional funders 2022 ............................................................................................. 7 Project summary ................................................................................................................. 8 Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 9 Indicators of success ........................................................................................................ 11 Animals benefitting from the Green Project .................................................................. 15 Community workshops and meetings ............................................................................ 18 The benefits of fresh greens ............................................................................................. 20 Financial breakdown ....................................................................................................... 22 Future goals and objectives ............................................................................................ 24 Challenges and opportunities ......................................................................................... 26 Projected budget for 2023 ............................................................................................... 28

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Our institutional funders 2022

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Project summary Communities are central to the conservation approach of the Limbe Wildlife Centre.

Although community members are largely responsible for the depletion of wildlife populations and forest encroachment around Mount Cameroon National Park, it is mostly because of a lack of alternative sources of income and understanding. For years, the Limbe Wildlife Centre, through Pandrillus and with the support of many international donors, has run the Green Project to benefit the local community and flora and fauna around Mount Cameroon National Park, as well as the rescue animals at the LWC. To reduce the need for farmland expansion and bushmeat hunting within Batoke, which is found at the foot of the mountain, the project began purchasing green cultivated and wild-harvested products from community members. The community-based project aims to encourage more sustainable management of natural resources by financially supporting the community through purchasing harvested greens that sustainably feed and nurture the wildlife at the centre and increasing land value and reducing forest encroachment by purchasing crop byproducts.

Map of Fako division of the South-West region, with the village of Batoke lying at the foot of Mount Cameroon

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Members of the community live at the foot of Mount Cameroon National Park, which remains an important stronghold for many endangered species such as drills, Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees, Preuss’ monkeys and more…

Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Objectives Reducing bushmeat hunting and slash-and-burn culture The alternative livelihoods provided by the Green Project means that community members are less reliant on bushmeat hunting. The Green Project increases the value of the agricultural land, as the project buys agricultural by-products (crop leaves) which are not used for human consumption. This reduces the need to expand agricultural lands through slash-and-burn culture, thus protecting the forest and its wildlife.

Providing sustainable and nutritious food for our rescued animals With nearly 200 primates to feed (and small mammals and birds), it is important to have a constant supply of fresh, nutritious, and sustainable food. The Green Project allows the LWC to keep its environmental impact low, whilst also providing food that is high in fibre, vitamins, and minerals. Papaya leaves, for example, are good for overall health, improving digestion, has anti-inflammatory properties, and boosts immunity.

Supporting the community through a reliable income The difficulties faced by the community through the pandemic and the ongoing civil crisis in the South-West region means that a reliable income is more essential than ever. The income generated for the local community is divided up amongst the permanent members. This ensures more financial independence for the women in the community and a better life for their children, and an alternative income for exhunters. The fruitful alternative livelihoods will help the development of the community and the ongoing success of the project.

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

In the last three years… $62,720 has been invested into alternative livelihoods for an ex-hunting community. ull page picture with measures of success

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Indicators of success Table 1. Weight and cost of each food item per year 2017

JAN TO JAN Products

Members

Cost per kg (XAF)

Weight (kg)

2018 Total Weight (kg)

Costs (XAF)

Costs (XAF)

2019 Weight (kg)

Costs (XAF)

2020 Weight (kg)

Costs (XAF)

2021 Weight (kg)

Costs (XAF)

2022 Weight (kg)

Costs (XAF)

Crop by-products Cassava leaves Papaya leaves Potato leaves

Women Women Women

80 80 60

Subtotal Crop by-products

10,433 15,668 32,818

834,640 1,253,440 1,969,080

10,396 26,080 37,822

831,680 2,086,400 2,269,320

11,920 41,269 37,981

953,600 3,301,520 2,278,860

10,222 35,156 33,037

817,760 2,812,440 1,982,220

8,973 52,053 33,389

717,840 4,164,240 2,003,340

10,566 50,287 34,582

845,280 4,022,960 2,074,920

58,919

4,057,160

74,298

5,187,400

91,170

6,533,980

78,415

5,612,420

94,415

6,885,420

95,435

6,943,160

Wild herbaceous Aframomum sp.

Costus sp.

Subtotal Wild herbaceous

Ex-hunters Women/Men

≈ 140 50

9,594 9,712 19,306

4,524,000 485,600 5,009,600

9,594 8,012 17,606

4,524,000 400,600 4,924,600

10,148 8,037 18,185

4,785,000 401,850 5,186,850

9,779 4,099 13,878

4,611,000 204,950 4,815,950

9,779 5,325 15,104

4,611,000 266,250 4,877,250

32,595 6,972 39,567

4,611,000 348,600 4,959,600

Women/Men

45

9,209

414,405

7,377

331,965

7,058

317,610

3,490

157,050

2,644

118,980

2,806

126,270

Subtotal Invasive plants

9,209

414,405

7,377

331,965

7,058

317,610

3,490

157,050

2,644

118,980

2,806

126,270

Trumped wood tree (4.5kg ≈ 1 plant)

2046

92090

1639

73770

1568

70580

776

34900

588

26440

624

28060

87,434

9,481,165

99,281 10,443,965

116,413 12,038,440

95,782 10,585,420

112,163 11,881,650

137,808 12,029,030

17,238 52 101 30 71 181,458 93,873

18,989 52 108 28 80 199,884 96,703

21,888 52 110 24 86 230,401 109,440

19,246 52 93 20 73 202,592 113,822

21,603 52 87 17 70 227,400 136,571

21,871 52 85 15 70 230,221 141,518

158

174

201

176

198

200

13.2

14.5

16.7

14.7

16.5

16.7

1.6

1.6

1.8

1.9

2.3

2.4

Invasive plants Trumpet wood

Total USD NB weeks NB permanent members Ex-hunters Women Average total income per week Average income per permanent member Equivalent number of monthly salaries (XAF60k each) Equivalent monthly employees Equivalent monthly salaries per member

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Cassava leaves

Papaya leaves

Potato leaves

Aframomum sp.

Costus sp.

411

401

391

381

371

361

351

341

331

321

311

301

291

281

271

261

251

241

231

221

211

201

191

181

171

161

151

141

131

121

111

101

91

81

71

61

51

41

31

21

11

1

4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0

Trumpet wood

Figure 1. Increase of amount (kg) of food enrichment provided by the community of Batoke since January 2015 (week 1) until the last week of 2022 (418).

Costus sp.

3%

Trumpet wood 1% Cassava leaves 7% Trumpet wood

Cassava leaves Aframomum sp.

38%

Papaya leaves 34%

Papaya leaves Potato leaves Aframomum sp.

Costus sp.

Potato leaves 17%

Figure 2. Contribution of each browse item to the revenue generated for the community in 2022 11

Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

The project continues to support the community to the extent that Green Project members are making 2.4x the average monthly salary, allowing for the empowerment, emancipation and financial independence of women and securing the investment in their children’s education and healthcare.

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Animals benefitting from the Green Project Table 2. Species list of resident animals at the LWC that benefit from the Green Project Common Name

Scientific Name

Number of individuals

CITES status

CMR status

IUCN Status

Olive baboon

Papio anubis

8

App II

C

LC

Drill

Mandrillus leucophaeus

66

App I

A

EN

Moustached monkey

Cercopithecus cephus

3

App II

C

LC

Red eared guenon

Cercopithecus erythrotis

3

App II

A

VU

Mona monkey

Cercopithecus mona

13

App II

C

NT

Western lowand gorilla

Gorilla gorilla gorilla

14

App I

A

CR

Putty nosed guenon

Cercopithecus nictitans

8

App II

C

NT

Preuss' guenon

Cercopithecus preussi

1

App II

A

EN

Tantalus monkey

Chlorocebus tantalus

9

App II

C

LC

Patas monkey

Erythrocebus patas

4

App II

C

NT

Chimpanzee

Pan troglodytes ellioiti

41

App I

A

EN

Mandrill

Mandrillus sphinx

9

App II

A

VU

Red capped mangabey

Cercocebus torquatus

7

App II

A

EN

Agile mangabey

Cercocebus agilis

4

App II

A

LC

African civet

Civettictis civetta

1

App III

B

LC

Bay duiker

Cephalophus dorsalis

1

App II

B

NT

Bushbuck

Tragelaphus sylvaticus

2

LC

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

In 2022, 137,808kg of fresh greens were fed to the ~250 animals in rehabilitation at the Limbe Wildlife Centre.

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Trumpet wood is an invasive plant in Cameroon, and whilst it may not have a particularly high nutritional value it does provide a good enrichment item to improve animal welfare and reduce group tensions.

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

The benefits of fresh greens Crop by-products Cassava, papaya and potato leaves are harvested in existing crop fields. As leaves are by-products with no economic value for human consumption, purchasing them brings additional incomes to the villagers while not increasing the workload, and therefore is considered as a low-cost lucrative activity.

Papaya leaves have great health benefits, and recent studies have shown that they may: → Improve digestive function → Have anti-inflammatory effects → Support hair growth → Promote healthy skin → Have anticancer properties → Promote balanced blood sugar

Wild herbaceous plants (Aframomum and Costus sp).

These plants are members of the wild ginger family and have medicinal properties that boost the health and immune system of our animals.

Trumpet tree The trumpet tree is listed as one of the 100 'World's Worst' invaders on the Global Invasive Species Database, as it is a fast-growing, short-lived tree which may be competing with (or even replacing) native pioneer species.

Twiggs, our disabled female western Our drills receive trumpet tree leaves as lowland gorilla, enjoying Aframomum they encourage natural foraging leaves behaviours which reduce group tensions 16

Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Gorillas eat a huge variety of plants in the wild, however they particularly like plants from the wild ginger family such as the Aframomum sp. we provide thanks to the Green Project.

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Community workshops and meetings The LWC education team works closely with the Batoke community to improve and maintain our working relationship through workshops. In July 2022, we joined community members to discuss the Green Project. We also took this opportunity to further build our relationship with the Batoke community by sharing a meal together, harbouring a partnership built on respect. We discussed strategies with which we could further improve the project to benefit all involved. The workshops were also educational, teaching the community about how the greens they harvest benefit the animals at the centre. Furthermore, we offered knowledge on how to create compost from organic waste. This knowledge will improve the health and financial stability of the community, as they move away from harmful and expensive chemical fertilisers.

The hopes are this will also slow agricultural land expansion, thus reducing encroachment into Mount Cameroon National Park.

The active engagement and leadership of local communities is a key component for success in conservation projects. The LWC will continue to forge a harmonious partnership with the Batoke community through principals such as strategic support, respect, empathy, and transparency.

The turnout of the community workshops is always very encouraging and we see enthusiastic participation from the members that have great suggestions on how to develop the project and strengthen our working relationship.

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

We have a long-term commitment to the Batoke community, and thus our relationship with them is very important.

We strengthen our ties with the community during workshops – where we share food and discuss ways to develop and improve our relationship and the project.

Gorillas eat a huge variety of plants in the wild, however they particularly like plants from the wild ginger family such as the Aframomum sp. we provide thanks to the Green Project.

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Sustainable waste management The realities of caring for over 200 animals are clear when we discuss the amount of organic waste that is produced at the LWC on a daily basis. To tackle this ongoing problem, our construction team built a compost processing area, expanding our capacity to manage our organic waste and produce high-quality compost for our farm. We now do not have to rely on an external company to manage our waste, and the compost produced can be used within our on-site farm. This enables us to produce some supplementary crops for our animals’ diets, produced responsibly through sustainable agricultural methods and increasing our food security.

The compost processing area has a The small on-site farm at the LWC protective roof and wall to protect the supplements the animal feed at the compost from rain and flooding. centre and is sustainably run and managed.

All organic waste produced by the animal sections at the Limbe Wildlife Centre is disposed of responsibly using our on-site compost pile to reduce our impact on the environment and pollution.

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Financial breakdown Table 3. Financial breakdown for 2022 Categories 2022 Labour costs Community suppliers Gasoil Outreach programme Vehicle rental & fuel LWC Vehicle maintenance Fixed costs

XAF 1,728,000 12,029,030 269,500 413,000 1,900,000 248,000 1,161,127

EURO 2,634 18,338 411 630 2,897 378 1,770

TOTAL Project

17,748,657

27,058

LWC Vehicle Vehicle rental & maintenance 1% fuel 11%

Fixed costs 7%

Labour costs 10%

Outreach programme 2% Gasoil 1%

Community suppliers 68%

Figure 3. Financial breakdown for 2022

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Future goals and objectives Going into 2023, we plan to continue to engage the community in conservation through workshops on educational outreach. Ultimately our goal is to change the attitudes and behaviours towards the unique and precious wildlife found in MCNP and strengthen the bonds we share with the local community. It is easy to see that each year the Green Project is having a positive impact on the community and the health and wellbeing of our animals. The project continues to prove its long-term viability and success as we maintain our permeant members and see increasing community participation at the workshops in Batoke village.

In the future we plan to continue to expand the project, inviting new members to join the initiative and attend our workshops. There is potential to expand the project into new areas around MCNP, which will enable us to sensitise more communities and protect wildlife even more widely.

Challenges and opportunities In 2022, we were finally able to reopen our gates to volunteers and visitors. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused difficulties for our operations, when we were not able to rely on the income generated through volunteer programme and entrance fees. Whilst we are extremely grateful to be welcoming people into the centre once again, the numbers are still greatly reduced since the pre-pandemic levels. The global commodities and cost of living crisis is also negatively affecting some funding organisations and squeezing their ability to support us as before. Therefore, a major challenge to overcome this year will be to secure sufficient funds to sustain and develop the Limbe Wildlife Centre and all its associated projects in a way that benefits both communities and wildlife in rehabilitation most effectively. We are extremely grateful for whatever support our institutional and individual donors can provide – and we could not maintain the success of Limbe Wildlife Centre and the Green Project without the encouragement provided by you.

We also face difficulties with the ongoing socio-political crisis in the Anglophone region of Cameroon, which is likely the cause for the slight drop in permanent membership. We also face difficulties with the ongoing socio-political crisis in the Anglophone region of Cameroon, which is one of the main reasons we have seen a slight drop in permeant membership. Older members have died or been too old to continue, while many younger people have moved to bigger metropolitan centres such as Limbe town or Douala to seek alternative livelihoods and escape the crisis.

We also instigated a more rigorous and official membership process, to ensure we know who is benefitting from the scheme and how long members are staying involved.

We will continue to educate the community and encourage new membership, however, despite the reduction in community membership we did not see a reduction in the number of plants harvested.

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Despite the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we maintained the support to the local communities, not only because they have also suffered because of the pandemic, but because the alternative livelihoods we provide them through the Green Project also benefit the wildlife we strive to protect.

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

Projected budget for 2023 Table 4. Projected budget and breakdown for 2023 Categories 2023 Forecast Labour costs Community suppliers Gasoil Outreach programme LWC Vehicle maintenance Fixed costs TOTAL Project LWC Vehicle maintenance 6% Outreach programme 3%

Fixed costs 6%

XAF 2,633,400 12,029,030 1,347,500 500,000 1,090,800 1,232,051

EURO 4,015 18,338 2,054 762 1,663 1,878

30,375

28,710

Labour costs 14%

Gasoil 7%

Community suppliers 64%

Figure 4. Projected budget and breakdown for 2023

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Annual report: Community-Based Green Project 2022

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