THE ARKANSAS TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION MAGAZINE • FALL 2022 The 411 on ARMYWORMSFall Save the Date! ATAJANUARYCONFERENCE26–27HOTSPRINGS
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THE ARKANSAS TURFGRASS ASSOCIATION MAGAZINE CONTENTS • FALL 2022 6 10 Find this issue, Podcasts, Events and More: THETURFZONE.COM For turf news & updates, follow TWITTER.COM/THETURFZONE FEATURES 10 Cover Story The 411 on Fall Armyworms 6 Upcoming Event ATA ConferenceAnnual and Trade Show 14 DevelopmentProfessional LeveragingUntappedTalentPools DEPARTMENTS4 Vice President’s Letter 5 Index of Advertisers 5 University of Arkansas Turf Team 8 News from ATA The statements and opinions expressed herein are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Arkansas Turfgrass Association, its staff, or its board of directors, Arkansas Turfgrass, or its editors. Likewise, the appearance of advertisers, or their identification as Arkansas Turfgrass Association members, does not constitute an endorsement of the products or services featured in this, past or subsequent issues of this quarterly publication. Copyright © 2022 by the Arkansas Turfgrass Association. Arkansas Turfgrass is published quarterly. Subscriptions are complimentary to members of the Arkansas Turfgrass Association. Third-class postage is paid at Jefferson City, MO. Printed in the U.S.A. We are not responsible for unsolicited freelance manuscripts and photographs. Contact the managing editor for contribution information. Fall 2022 • ARKANSAS TURFGRASS • 3
The ATA exists to “Bring opportunity and resources to the turfgrass industry of Arkansas.” We hope to provide much more than just recertification credits. We hope to provide opportunities to engage with your fellow professionals, to get support in areas we all need it, to network, to provide educational opportunities that are exciting and new, to help our industry grow as professionals. Our best avenue of providing those opportunities is the annual conference. We need your support to grow this conference so that we can provide opportunities every year. I’m writing this letter in August, so we don’t currently have an educational program set up. However, I know that Daniel O’Brien is working hard to de liver educational opportunities in some of the areas that our membership has expressed interest. In addition, we have two new faculty members that are excited to be part of the Arkansas Turfgrass Industry. They will be speaking, and you won’t want to miss the chance to get to know them. This issue contains articles to highlight both Wendell Hutchens and Hannah Wright. We are so excited to have them ready to help the state turf industry!!
Josh Landreth
Sincerely,
IfREST and VICERECHARGEPRESIDENT’SLETTER Josh Landreth ATA Vice President Arkansas Turfgrass Association P.O. Box 1862 • Lowell, AR 72745 Tel: Published479-301-5534by: Leading Edge Communications, LLC 206 Bridge Street, Suite 200 Franklin, TN 37064 Tel: 615-790-3718 Email:communications.cominfo@leadingedge ATA RichardOFFICERSCovert,President Baptist Health Richard.covert@baptist-health.orgSystems Kyle Sanders, Immediate Past President Sanders Ground Essentials kylesanders@sandersground.com501-315-9395 Courtney Landreth Executive Director ataturfgrass@gmail.com Pat Berger, Director Emeritus University of Arkansas • 479-575-6887 pberger@uark.edu Charlie Bowen, Director Emeritus Arkansas Hydroseed • charliebowen@yahoo.com501-315-7333 Daniel O’Brien, Educational Chair dpo001@uark.edu Seth Dunlap Arkansas State Plant 501-225-1598seth.dunlap@agriculture.arkansas.govBoard Mark Brown Nabholz • rmbrown2@ualr.edu501-749-7459 Rodney Fisher Agra Turf, Inc. • agrarod@yahoo.com501-268-7036 Josh Landreth, Vice President Ace of Blades • aceofblades@cox.net479-530-7001 Guy Oyler Jerry Pate Turf & goyler@jerrypate.comIrrigation•501-317-5980 Rodger Pevehouse Life Member Michael Rush Rush Lawn Care • mrush@rushlawn.com501-279-8980 Ricky Self Cypress r.self@yahoo.comCreek • 501-605-8000 4 • ARKANSAS TURFGRASS • Fall 2 022
Vice ArkansasPresidentTurfgrass Association
The ATA exists to serve its members. Please attend the conference and be open about how we can serve you better. The leadership of this organization truly de sires to provide great opportunities for the members. Our board of directors all serve as volunteers, and it is with the heart to help our members be successful in all they do. Please help us know how we can best serve you!
you are reading this letter, it means that you survived the brutal summer of 2022. Congratulations!! I hope you survived it with your golf course still alive, your clientele intact, and your wits still somewhat about you.
The heat wave and drought we experienced started early and lasted too long, and it was certainly the hottest summer in the last decade. That heat and lack of rain has been rough on many of our turfgrasses, plants, people, pocketbooks, and probably our mental health. I, for one, am looking forward to fall, the cooler temperatures, and a chance to catch our breath a bit. Our family loves the outdoors, and fall provides such an awesome opportu nity to experience the great state we live in. If you look for me on a Saturday, you’d probably find me on a smallmouth stream, hiking, enjoying fall baseball or cross country, and all things outdoors. Although it may be tough to grow grass in Arkansas, that seasonality sure does create a lot of beauty. I’ve yet to meet a turfgrass professional that doesn’t know how to work hard. Make sure you take time this fall to enjoy whatever it is you enjoy. You deserve it. You need it. Take advantage of the resources our beautiful state has to offer. We hope that you are marking your calendars for the 2023 Arkansas Turf grass Association annual conference on January 26th and 27th in Hot Springs.
continued • COVER STORYINDEX ADVERTISERSOF UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS TURF TEAM Mike Richardson, Ph.D. Professor mricha@uark.edu479-575-2860 John Boyd, Ph.D. Visiting Assistant Professor Cooperative Extension Service Little Rock Jwb019@uark.edu501-671-2224 888-707-7141 • sales@leadingedgecommunications.com Contact Leading Edge Communications TO ADVERTISINGDISCUSSOPPORTUNITIESJohnH.McCallaJr. Program Technician III jmccall@uark.edu479-575-5033 Rhiannon de la Rosa M.S. Student Daniel O’Brien Ph.D. Student WWW.PROGRESSIVETURFEQUIP.COM 800.668.8873 Better Built. Quality Results. Period. Quality built in North America and supported by a world-wide Dealer network. Tri-Deck cutting widths: 12’, 15.5’, 22’*, 36’* Roller Mower cutting widths: 65”, 90”, 10.5’, 12’, 15.5’, 22’*, 29.5’* Contour/rough finishing mower: Pro-Flex™ 120B 10’ cut TDR-X™ roller mower 10.5’ cut Progressive Turf builds the right mowers and rollers for any field. For over 30 years they have set and re-set the standards in commercial grade mowing equipment. Contact your Progressive Dealer to find out why Progressive products are outstanding in any field! * available with bolt-on galvanized deck shells Turf ProductionGrassMowersContour / Rough Finishing Mowers Sports field, Park and Estate Mowers Fall 2022 • ARKANSAS TURFGRASS • 5 Agra Turf, Inc. 14 www.agrainc.com ChemTrade Turf, LLC 15 Greene County Fertilizer Co. 13 www.greenecountyfert.com Jackson Sand 13 www.jacksonsand.com Progressive Turf Equipment Inc. ....... 5 www.progressiveturfequip.com STEC Equipment ................................ 7 www.stecequipment.com The Sod Store 9 sodpartners.com The Turfgrass Group Inside Front Cover www.theturfgrassgroup.com The Turf Zone 9, Back Cover www.theturfzone.com
UPCOMING EVENT 6 • ARKANSAS TURFGRASS • Fall 2 022 REGISTRATION IS NOW OPEN FOR 2023 JanuaryTURFGRASSARKANSASCONFERENCE26th&27th•TradeShowonJanuary26thHotSpringsConventionCenter–134ConventionBlvd,HotSpringsSponsorshipsandExhibitorBoothsavailableWorkshopsand Recertifications are available Call Courtney Landreth at (479) 301-5544 or email ataturfgrass@gmail.comatifyouhaveanyquestions.Gotowww.arkansasturf.netformoreinformation HOST HOTELS THE HOTEL HOT SPRINGS 305 Malvern Ave, Hot Springs Hotel Reservations (877) 623-6697 Request the ATA room block EMBASSY SUITE HOTEL 400 Convention Blvd. Hot Springs. Hotel Reservations (501) 624-9200 *The Embassy Suites Hotel is connected to the Convention Center. Request the ATA room block.* Save the Date!
My goal is to be a resource for turfgrass managers and grow ers in weed identification and provide the best recommendations that are economically and ecologically sound. The University of Arkansas already has an outstanding turfgrass program, as the Extension weed specialist I want to continue on the path of excellence and further the reach of the program. I’m looking forward to joining the turfgrass program this fall and am excited to get to work!
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name is Hannah Wright. I grew up on a small family farm in the mountains of western South Carolina where we grew vegetables, mostly tomatoes, peas, and okra, and sold to local, upscale res taurants in a nearby northeast Georgia town. When I started middle school, my father encouraged me to join the school’s golf team and I fell in love with the game. I played throughout middle and high school, making the varsity team as a freshman. The local course we played was stunning; carved into the side of a mountain with a creek meandering through almost every hole, and I fondly remember having the privilege of playing that course from spring to fall. After high school I attended Mississippi State University for Agribusiness, then the University of Arkansas for a master’s de gree in weed science. Not only did I receive an excellent educa tion in weed identification and management, but I fell in love with the state. Believe me, it was an extremely difficult decision to leave and return to Georgia to complete my education in weed science. It is an honor to return to Arkansas and serve as the Extension Weed Specialist for turf and specialty crops. Though my education has focused on row and specialty crop production, I believe it laid a solid foundation for me to be suc cessful in a turfgrass role. As someone who has spent many days on the golf course, I understand the weed management needs of course superintendents and am excited to work with that group as well as other sectors of the turfgrass industry.
Welcome New University of Arkansas Turf Staff!
I look forward to meeting and working with the turfgrass pro fessionals throughout the state of Arkansas and the surrounding region. I will be highly active in extension and consulting for these turfgrass professionals, and I hope to develop strong rela tionships with the stakeholders throughout Arkansas. My goal is to be available to the turfgrass professionals and help in any way I can. I am also excited to teach turfgrass science classes to the undergraduate students at the University of Arkansas. I hope to grow the numbers of the program through extensive recruit ing and outreach efforts.
name is Wendell Hutchens. I am the new As sistant Professor of Turfgrass Science in the Department of Horticulture at the Univer sity of Arkansas. I am originally from the small town of Stuart tucked away in the Blue Ridge Mountains of southwest Virginia. I received my bachelor’s degree in turfgrass science and master’s degree in turfgrass pathology from North Carolina State Uni versity, and I recently completed my PhD in turfgrass pathology at Virginia Tech studying spring dead spot of bermudagrass. I hope to continue some of my work with spring dead spot at the University of Arkansas. I will be researching mainly turfgrass diseases in this position due to my expertise in turfgrass pathol ogy, but I will also conduct research on the use of new tech nologies such as drones and GPS-guided sprayers in turfgrass management, winter survivability of warm-season turfgrasses, general agronomic practices to best manage both cool- and warm-season grasses, and implementation of low-input grasses and management strategies for turfgrass systems.
NEWS FROM ATA 8 • ARKANSAS TURFGRASS • Fall 2 022
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Fall 2022 • ARKANSAS TURFGRASS • 9 facebook.com/theturfzone twitter.com/theturfzone TheTurfZone.com is the central hub for turfgrass research and information from multiple state turf associations.164ISSUESofTurfgrassMagazinesAnnual555,000+DigitalPageViews367 Podcasts and Many More to Come!DOZENSof Upcoming Turfgrass sales@leadingedgecommunications.comEvents888–707-7141ContactustodaytolearnabouteffectiveanduniqueTurfZonemarketingstrategiesthattargetturfindustryprofessionals.
By Terri Billeisen, Ph.D., Turfgrass Entomology Lab, North Carolina State University
COVER STORY 10 • ARKANSAS TURFGRASS • Fall 2 022
Nationwide, 2021 was a crazy year for fall armyworms in terms of abundance and distribution. Many observed record numbers of caterpillars and subsequent damage in areas both familiar and unfamiliar with the pest insect. Reports of wide spread, severe infestations resulted in extensive media coverage which added to a sense of alarm regarding the outbreak. Like many turfgrass entomology centers, our lab was flooded with calls and emails requesting not only management recommenda tions but also reassurance that the fall armyworm situation was under control. Uncertainty surrounding pest outbreaks is not only stressful but can cause managers to panic when making management decisions. This can lead to misapplications which stem from common mistakes such as targeting the insect at the incorrect time or life stage, or selecting an inappropriate product or Asformulation.fallarmyworm season gets fully underway, it is a good idea to review important aspects of fall armyworm biology and how these affect our approaches to management. We will review different life stages, behavior and ecology and emphasize how that influences the types of products we use and when is the best time to use them. This information should help us improve our fall armyworm approaches, not only during times of outbreak, but for regular management as well.
lthough they have a wide host range which includes many agricultural crops, fall armyworms are turfgrass insect pests that cause significant and almost immediate damage in both cool- and warm-season grasses. Fall armyworms are a common issue in the southeastern US but during active years, can spread to the Northeast, Midwest, and Southwest (Fig. 1).
A Northern Range Middle ExtremeSouthernRangeRangeSouthern Range
FIG. 1: Fall Armyworm Distribution (In Handbook of Turfgrass Insects, Second Edition. eds. Brandenburg and Freeman, 2012)
Fall
TheArmyworms411on
Fall 2022 • ARKANSAS TURFGRASS • 11
DESCRIPTION
FIG. 4: Fall Armyworm Caterpillars (Larvae) (Photo Credit: R. Brandenburg, NC State University)
FIG. 3: Fall Armyworm Sticky Trap with Lure (Photo Credit: J. Smith, Elk River Club)
FIG. 2: Fall Armyworm Adult Moth (female) (Photo Credit: M. Bertone, NC State University)
Fall armyworm adults are small, brown moths (Fig. 2) that are active at night, which makes them difficult to monitor unless you have a sticky trap and pheromone lure (Fig. 3). Similar to other moth species, fall armyworm adults are attracted to lights at night and a well-lit turfgrass area may be more susceptible to fall armyworm outbreaks compared to others. Adult female moths lay their eggs in groups of 100-200 in a clustered mass on the sides of flat, sometimes stationary, surfaces like build ings, fences, signs/sign posts, outdoor furniture or large orna mental leaves. During outbreak years, moths are less particular about their egg laying preferences and will lay eggs on other kinds of moving surfaces like flags, vehicles and smaller orna mentals. Within 3 – 5 days, eggs will hatch and tiny caterpillars (larvae) will drop down to the turfgrass and immediately start feeding. Caterpillars (Fig. 4) can range from ½ – 2 inches and will feed for a few weeks until they pupate. They will remain in the pupal case for a week or two and then emerge again as new adult moths. The entire fall armyworm life cycle typically lasts anywhere from 1 – 2 months, depending mostly on temperature and soil moisture. They will undergo this process several times from June-October (sometimes November) and will die off once temperatures dip below freezing.
FIG. 6: Fall armyworms on Turf Surface (Photo Credit: R. Brandenburg, NC State University)
In terms of management, there are a couple of things to keep in mind prior to selecting a product. First, ensure that you are tar geting the correct life stage – the caterpillars. Applying a contact product to control the egg, pupal or adult stage is a complete waste of time and product. Caterpillars are the most susceptible to chemical control. Early instar caterpillars (~ ½ in in length) are particularly susceptible to insecticides so it is ideal to target a population as early as possible. Caterpillars are also the most mobile life stage and therefore most likely to encounter treated plantWhenmaterial.selecting products for fall armyworm control, there are two different approach: a short-term solution and a long-term solution. The traditional, short-term approach will effectively and immediately control caterpillars causing damage but will have a shorter window for residual activity. This approach uti lizes a (preferably) liquid pyrethroid, like bifenthrin, to quickly control caterpillars as they feed on leaf tissue. During the 2021 growing season, we observed a potential option for a preventive approach for fall armyworms in areas of intense pest pressure where an anthranilic diamide (chlorantraniliprole, cyantranilip role, tetraniliprole) had been applied earlier in the season as part of a white grub management program. Early results indicate that a diamide application can provide more than 60 days residu al control of fall armyworms. Residual activity of these active
ingredients is part of the current research underway in our turf grass entomology lab here at NC State and we hope to have more detailed information and additional recommendations for fall armyworm management by the end of this year. As we progress through this growing season, it is important to remember that fall armyworms have been causing damage in turfgrass for a long time. Like any other insect, fall army worm populations, and subsequent damage, will fluctuate from year-to-year. When environmental conditions are just right, out breaks can occur which will result in numbers higher than what we are used to encountering. However, management approaches or recommendations remain the same whether we are manag ing a routine or outbreak pest population. A crucial component of effective management is to review information from reliable sources, preferably prior to infestation, to ensure management decisions are intentional and not reactionary. •
COVER STORY • continued 12 • ARKANSAS TURFGRASS • Fall 2 022 DAMAGE AND MONITORING
In normal years, fall armyworms generally prefer feeding on finer-textured grasses although we have observed significant fall armyworm feeding in many different grasses and agricul tural crops. In residential areas, we have observed that there is a slight tendency to avoid zoysiagrass when other turfgrass species are present but this is not the case during outbreak years or in high population areas. Fall armyworm damage is easily identifi able compared to other turfgrass insects because you can often draw a distinct line in the turf between damaged and undam aged areas (Fig. 5). Unlike other insect pests, you can also easily spot caterpillars “army crawling” across the turf surface dur ing the mid-morning and early evening in the summer (Fig. 6). During the warmest time of day, you will want to use a soap flush to investigate any areas you suspect as having fall armyworm damage. Soap flushes use lemon-scented dish detergent mixed in water (2 tablespoons soap/gal water) applied to the turf to bring mobile insects like caterpillars, weevils and mole crickets to the surface within a few minutes. When applying a soap flush for fall armyworms, make sure to apply the soap mixture to an area along the border between damaged and undamaged turf to ensure caterpillars are present. As highly mobile insects, caterpillars are rarely present in severely damaged areas and flushing in those lo cations will often yield few to no insects.
FIG. 5: Fall armyworm Damage (note: distinct line) (Photo Credit: R. Brandenburg, NC State University)
MANAGEMENT
FAQsArmywormFall(COMPILEDFROMINQUIRIESIN2021)
o Fall armyworms overwinter most years in southern Texas and Florida and their north ern migration can be influenced by weather patterns. We do not have the ability to ac curately forecast fall armyworm problems in advance, so timing-wise they can sometimes surprise us with their damage.
• Are fall armyworms more of a problem in certain areas?
• Is there a threshold for fall armyworms?
• Where do fall armyworms come from?
• How do fall armyworms move to new areas and is it unusual for them to move so quickly?
• How bad was the fall armyworm season in 2021? o 2021 had the worst outbreak of fall army worms on record, in many areas. Fall army worm populations and damage were on a scale that was very surprising! Areas of the upper Midwest and the Northeast suffered turf damage to both warm- and cool-season turf like they had never seen before. Some of the problems came from populations originating in Texas and some from moths that started out in Florida. These different “sources” potentially exhibit different traits for feeding preferences, like the damage we observed with seedlings and overseedings, and insecticide susceptibility.
Female moths fly to an area with an abun dant food source (fresh, green turf, for exam ple), lay their egg masses on the flat side of a building, fence, sign, or large leaf, and when the eggs hatch, the larvae drop to the turf below and immediately start feeding.
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o During “normal” years, fall armyworms are more likely to cause issues in turf that has had some mechanical disturbance, like in ar eas of new construction. They are generally more of a problem in newly-seeded or sod ded areas.
o Because fall armyworms can cause a lot of damage in a short period of time, it is best to treat as soon as you notice activity.
o Not unusual at all. Remember, the adult life stage of a fall armyworm is a moth. Moths are capable of flying large distances in a relatively short period of time. Many insects exhibit flying behaviors associated with both localized (short) and long-term migration.
iring workers continues to get harder and harder. The latest jobs report shows that rather than interest rate hikes slowing the economy as anticipated, jobs continue to be added at a furious pace. Unemployment remains histori cally low at 5.7 million people unemployed and there are more than 10.5 million jobs in the United States that remain unfilled. As a result, competition for workers is fierce, driving millions of people to quit their jobs each month in search of greener pas tures and more money.
Many organizations are simply giving up by cutting back sales to accommodate a shrinking workforce. The problem with this strategy is that when the next economic recession affects their market (which may be very soon) they may not be able to survive. The larger a quality customer base, the better the ability to withstand economic hardship.
• HLeveraging
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Untapped Pools
So how can a team recruit new people to join to capitalize on the current market when the war for talent is so fierce? The same way that we win customers by specializing in a niche market. Rather than compete for every customer available to be serviced, companies increase profit by only working with those who meet specific criteria, so competition is lessened. But when it comes to hiring, there is little thought given to the various talent pools from which we can recruit. One example of an untapped talent pool is recruiting employees who were for merly incarcerated. The Prison Policy Institute recently reported that more than 60% of people released from prison are cur rently jobless. If a company could specifically target this group to recruit and retain, they would have a tremendous and reliable source of labor.
Of course, managers must make some considerable adjust ments to properly engage and retain these workers. Job training programs may have to be revamped and expanded to include both more hard-skills and soft-skills. Company hiring policies could have to be adjusted to screen applicants less harshly based on experience or background checks. Perhaps transportation must be provided to and from jobsites.
By Neal Glatt,
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT 14 • ARKANSAS TURFGRASS • Fall 2 022
Yet we have this incredible gift in the green industry where these accommodations can be made. Our customers rarely if ever interact with our front-line employees, so appearance and profes sionalism are not issues. Working outside means that there is usu ally no sensitive or secure facility requirements for which a clean background check would be required. And we can leverage this fact to help individuals who desperately need a second chance in life to thrive while allowing our companies to grow.
Whether the untapped talent pool that makes sense is those who are uneducated, unexperienced, long-term unemployed, retirees, formerly incarcerated, formerly addicts, immigrants, disabled, or veterans, there is certainly a niche market of em ployees who could be tapped to solve the labor crisis for any company. In fact, it may be the only sustainable recruitment strategy that is left.
Talent
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