resilience
CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON GIRLS
A SERIES OF RESEARCH AND INFORMATIONAL PUBLICATIONS BY LCRG
“Putting the world’s best research to work for girls.”
by Dr. Tori Cordiano and Dr. Grace Willer
FOSTERING AGENCY IN GIRLS: CULTIVATING CONFIDENCE AND INDEPENDENCE While no single factor determines a child’s ability to navigate challenges, supportive parenting with space for safe risk-taking has consistently been linked to child and adolescent well-being.1 Research shows that helping children to develop agency, the ability to act independently with supportive guidance, promotes higher levels of psychological and relational well-being over time than “helicopter parenting”.2 OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH Connected with the concepts of self-efficacy and autonomy, agency describes a child’s ability to set goals, make decisions, and take independent action that affects their life. Helping children develop agency means allowing them to take risks, such as enrolling in a challenging class or attending their first sleepaway camp, while assuring them that support is available if needed. Rather than removing all discomfort or doing the work for the child, agency grows when parents are present to offer structure and support when necessary. By removing obstacles in an attempt to reduce discomfort, adults can inadvertently promote learned helplessness in children, which is associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression.3 Research suggests that supporting children in completing tasks independently can reduce anxiety and increase self-reported resilience.4 When children feel they have no power to solve their own problems or make their own decisions, this lack of control can lead to feelings of uncertainty and an overreliance on adults.5 Dependence on adults can prevent children from developing valuable coping skills they will need when they inevitably face challenges. Further, a lack of independence can lead to avoidance and lower self-concept, which can reinforce anxiety over time.6