BIBLIO 2024 Issue 1

BIBLIO

APRIL 2024

Official Newsletter of the Library Association of Trinidad and Tobago

TECH TRENDS: INNOVATING ISLAND LIBRARIES In an era where technology shapes the landscape of human interaction and knowledge dissemination, libraries stand as bastions of tradition, adaptation, and evolution. "Tech Trends: Innovating Island Libraries" emerges as a beacon in this digital age, showcasing how these sanctuaries of learning harness the power of innovation to redefine their roles within island communities.

NEWSLETTER HIGHLIGHTS

In an increasingly interconnected world, where digital landscapes serve as the new

The Ministry of Planning and Development’s Library Unit : A Dive into Digitalisation

frontier for engagement and discovery, Trinidad and Tobago's island libraries are embracing innovative strategies to enhance their relevance and impact. In this edition, we embark on an enlightening journey through the realm of technology-driven innovation within these unique island communities.

Our featured articles offer a comprehensive exploration of the transformative power of technology, highlighting how it is reshaping the very fabric of library services and enhancing the patron experience. Firstly, we delve into the pioneering efforts of the Ministry of Planning and Development's Library Services Unit in embracing digitalization. Next, we explore the profound impact of RFID technology on libraries, delving into its role in streamlining operations and optimizing resource management. Lastly, we examine broader trends in information technology and their implications for island libraries.

As we navigate through these thought-provoking articles, we invite you to explore the wealth of insights awaiting you within the pages of this newsletter. We eagerly anticipate your engagement and look forward to your feedback as we continue to explore the everevolving landscape of island libraries in the digital age.

CONNECT WITH US

Revolutionizing Libraries: The Role of RFID Technology

Leveraging a Mobile App for Enhanced Patron Engagement at Island Libraries

Mobile Based Library Services: Transitioning Caribbean Libraries

Top Five AI Terms and Concepts

And Much More

VOLUME 01

CONTRIBUTORS

Jesse Ann Bernard Public Relations Officer LATT Ray Ganessingh Library Information Professional The Alma Jordan Library (UWI) Brigid Winter Librarian III / Ministry of Planning and Development’s Library Services Unit.

Tricia Ready-Archibald Information Services Librarian Barrackpore East Secondary School Library Lisa Rambadhan Librarian I San Fernando General Hospital Medical Library Davi Ramkallawan Librarian III (Ag) NALIS, Educational Library Services Division Leann George Information Services Librarian - NALIS Karris Marin-McLetchie Librarian I June Renie Law Library Hugh Wooding Law School Elliott Alan Nedd Library Information Professional The Alma Jordan Library (UWI)

BIBLIO

TECH TRENDS: INNOVATING ISLAND LIBRARIES

BY BEVERLY ANN WILLIAMS, PRESIDENT - LATT

Dear esteemed members of the Library Association of Trinidad and Tobago,

It is with great pleasure that I address you in this inaugural issue of BIBLIO Quarterly for the year 2024. As we delve into the theme “Tech Trends: Innovating Island Libraries,” I am filled with excitement for the possibilities and opportunities that lie ahead for our association and the libraries we represent across our beautiful twin island of Trinidad and Tobago.

This first issue of the year holds a special place in our hearts as it sets the tone for the exciting journey of exploration and innovation that we are embarking upon together. Inspired by the ever-evolving landscape of technology and its profound impact on our libraries, our team has worked tirelessly to curate content that not only reflects- current trends, but also offers insightful perspectives and practical strategies to embrace these changes.

Our goal with this issue is twofold. Firstly, we aim to provide our members with a comprehensive understanding of the latest technological advancements shaping the library landscape, empowering you to navigate and harness these tools effectively. Secondly, we strive to ignite a spirit of innovation within our community, encouraging you to think creatively and boldly as we collectively work towards enhancing the services and experiences we offer to our patrons.

I am delighted to see the diverse range of submissions we have received from our talented members. It is a testament to the passion and dedication that our members bring to their work, and I extend my heartfelt gratitude to each and every one of you for sharing your expertise and insights with us.

As we immerse ourselves in the pages of this issue, I urge you to approach the content with an open mind and a sense of curiosity. Let us embrace the challenges and opportunities presented by technology with optimism, and a willingness to adapt. Together, we have the power to shape the future of libraries in Trinidad and Tobago, ensuring that they remain vibrant, relevant, and indispensable pillars of our communities.

In closing, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the editorial team for their exceptional efforts in bringing this issue to fruition. Their dedication and hard work have been instrumental in making this publication a reality. Let us continue to collaborate and support one another as we strive towards excellence in our shared mission of advancing libraries in our beloved islands.

Thank you once again for your unwavering commitment to the Library Association of Trinidad and Tobago. I look forward to the exciting journey ahead as we embrace the technological revolution and pave the way for a brighter future for our libraries and the communities they serve.

With Warm Regards

BIBLIO

Beverly Williams

PAGE 02

The Ministry of Planning and Development’s Library Services Unit Embraces Tech Trends: A Dive into Digitalisation By Brigid Winter Librarian III / Ministry of Planning and Development’s Library Services Unit.

Libraries have long been the bastions of knowledge and culture, preserving the collective wisdom of humanity for generations. However, in this rapidly evolving digital landscape, these institutions are not immune to change. Therefore, island libraries must innovate and adapt to emerging technologies in order to revolutionise how information is accessed, preserved, and shared. This article explores the intersection of technology trends and their transformative impact on access to traditionally stored and utilised historical documents within the Ministry of Planning and Development’s Library Services Unit.

Islands are known, among other things, for their unique cultures and challenges. However, in the case of libraries, similar issues to those encountered by our larger counterparts, are experienced— limited physical space, insufficient resources, and logistical constraints—which can impede the accessibility and sustainability of traditional library models. However, technological advancements offer a lifeline, empowering libraries to transcend these limitations and re-imagine their libraries for the digital age.

One notable trend reshaping libraries is the digitisation of collections. By converting books, · documents, and other materials into digital formats, libraries are overcoming space constraints while improving accessibility and preservation efforts. Furthermore, digitisation is opening up new avenues for collaboration and knowledge sharing on a global scale.

Island libraries are leveraging this trend to not only safeguard their cultural heritage but also to engage with audiences far beyond their shores.

One example of this technological evolution is the digitisation project undertaken by the Ministry of Planning and Development’s Library Services Unit (LSU). This project focused on digitising a collection of speeches by Trinidad and Tobago’s first Prime Minister, Dr Eric Williams, a pivotal figure in our nation’s history and development. By digitising these speeches, the LSU aims to preserve this invaluable cultural and political legacy for future generations while making it accessible to scholars, researchers, and citizens across the globe.

The digitisation process involved meticulously scanning, painstakingly cleaning, and then reviewing each digital object to ensure they remained faithful to the original source documents.

BIBLIO

PAGE 03

Advanced optical character recognition (OCR) technology was employed to convert the scanned images into searchable text, enabling users to easily locate specific passages or topics of interest.

Additionally, metadata tagging and indexing were employed to enhance the findability of the speeches and facilitate efficient retrieval and exploration. The speeches will also be linked to the LSU’s OPAC for public access and discoverability by users.

Beyond preservation, the digitised speeches will add to the body of work on Dr Williams, and serve as a rich resource for academic study, historical research, and public education. Scholars can analyse the prime minister's policies and vision, shedding light on pivotal moments in Trinidad and Tobago’s history. Students can access primary sources first-hand, gaining insights into the political landscape and societal challenges of the past, and the general public can engage with their heritage in a more immersive and interactive manner, fostering a deeper appreciation for their country's history and identity.

“...island libraries, despite ongoing challenges, stand poised and ready to embrace tech trends to innovate, evolve, and stay relevant.”

However, the impact of digitisation extends beyond the confines of traditional library spaces. Island libraries are embracing online platforms and digital tools to broaden their reach and interact with diverse audiences. Similarly, the LSU’s project, initially conceived as a digitisation endeavour, evolved into one of digitalisation, culminating in the development of a dedicated website offering dynamic content, accessible worldwide.

Libraries are also harnessing and integrating emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Augmented Reality (AR), and Virtual Reality (VR) to enhance user experiences and expand educational opportunities. The LSU intends to embrace AI through Text-To-Speech (TTS) synthesis enabling users not only to listen to the speeches being read aloud but to hear them in Dr Williams' own voice. This innovative feature promises a surreal experience, effectively transporting users, as it were, to the very moment the speech was delivered, fully immersing them in the historical context and atmosphere of the occasion.

In conclusion, island libraries, despite ongoing challenges, stand poised and ready to embrace tech trends to innovate, evolve, and stay relevant. The digitalisation of cultural heritage, as exemplified by the LSU’s initiative, represents a significant step towards preserving and promoting island nations' unique identities and legacies. Through this project, the LSU has demonstrated how technology can transcend geographical and resource limitations, unlocking new possibilities for sharing and disseminating knowledge, fostering user and community engagement, and facilitating cultural exchange. As we move into the future, our libraries will continue to serve as hubs of learning, creativity, and connectivity, helping us navigate an ever-evolving yet interconnected global, digital landscape.

BIBLIO

PAGE 04

Embracing the Digital Frontier: Information Professionals in Trinidad & Tobago Lead the Way By Jesse Ann Bernard Public Relations Officer - LATT

In the contemporary landscape of information management, the integration of digital platforms, particularly social media, has become an indispensable facet of professional practice for librarians in Trinidad and Tobago. Recognizing the transformative potential of these mediums, librarians must cultivate a sophisticated digital presence to augment their professional identity, foster scholarly engagement, and fortify community outreach efforts.

In the milieu of interconnected digital ecosystems, librarians are presented with a myriad of opportunities to connect with peers, exchange insights, and remain abreast of pertinent developments within the field.

Engaging actively in specialized online forums, such as LinkedIn groups or Twitter chats, enables professionals to participate in discourse, share best practices, and forge collaborative alliances on both local and global scales. This collaborative ethos, facilitated by social media, affords librarians access to a rich tapestry of knowledge resources, thereby nurturing a culture of continuous professional development.

Moreover, the strategic deployment of social media platforms affords librarians an avenue to showcase their expertise and accentuate the value proposition of their respective · institutions. Leveraging multimedia content dissemination on platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube enables librarians to curate tailored narratives that spotlight the diverse array of resources, programs, and initiatives offered by their libraries. By harnessing the dynamic potential of these mediums, librarians can transcend geographical constraints and amplify their institutional visibility, thereby fostering increased patronage and stakeholder engagement.

Furthermore, an astutely crafted digital presence empowers librarians to extend their sphere of influence beyond the confines of traditional library settings, thereby serving as conduits for community enrichment. By interfacing with diverse constituencies through platforms such as Twitter or Instagram, librarians can effectuate a gamut of civic-oriented endeavors, ranging from the promotion of literacy initiatives to the dissemination of culturally resonant archival materials. This strategic engagement with the broader community not only cultivates a culture of information stewardship but also positions librarians as vanguards of civic discourse and agents of social cohesion.

BIBLIO

...librarians must exercise discernment in crafting content that is both resonant with the informational needs of their target audience and consonant with prevailing ethical standards.

PAGE 03

However, the cultivation of an effective digital presence necessitates a judicious synthesis of technological acumen, strategic communication, and adherence to professional ethics. In navigating the dynamic landscape of social media, librarians must exercise discernment in crafting content that is both resonant with the informational needs of their target audience and consonant with prevailing ethical standards. Additionally, a commitment to ongoing assessment and adaptation is imperative to ensure the efficacy and relevance of digital engagement strategies amidst the ever-evolving technological milieu.

In conclusion, fostering an impactful digital presence is paramount for librarians in Trinidad and Tobago, serving as a cornerstone for professional progression, academic interaction, and societal betterment. By strategically utilizing social media platforms, librarians can unlock the revolutionary capabilities of digital technology, driving forward the trajectory of their profession and instigating beneficial transformations within their institutions and the wider community.

...librarians can unlock the revolutionary capabilities of digital technology, driving forward the trajectory of their profession and instigating beneficial transformations within their institutions and the wider community.

Bibliography Bridgeman, M. (2024). “Building Your Digital Presence on Social Media.”

Jordan, K., & Weller, M. (2018). “Academics and Social Networking Sites: Benefits, Problems and Tensions in Professional Engagement with Online Networking.”

Choice 360. “Teaching and Learning with Digital Primary Sources: Nine insights into awareness, literacy and collaboration between librarians, faculty and students.”

BIBLIO

PAGE 04

Mobile Based Library Services: Transitioning Caribbean Libraries By Ray Ganessingh, MLIS Library Information Professional The Alma Jordan Library (UWI)

As technology develops in the direction of being mobile first, there is an urgent need for Caribbean libraries to pivot to providing mobile-based offerings, not only to pave the way for the world of post-desktop libraries, but to also recognize the needs and realities of tomorrow’s users. The emerging prevalence of small screens demands the existence of portable digital libraries and expanded library websites geared towards enhancing users’ experiences. Ming et al. (2021) highlight the role of these technologies in ensuring that users are able to access a vast array of library resources without being susceptible to the traditional limitations of time and space once they have access to smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices and accessories. In addition to improved access, advancing towards mobile-based library services also promotes preservation through digitization, and a spirit of co‑operation among libraries within the Caribbean region.

Mobile devices and mobile-based services can provide solutions to existing issues of access to information to the digital age. They cater not only to the needs of current library users by meeting them where they are, but also those of the next generation of users. Adewole-Odeshi and Ezechukwu (2023) state the importance of mobile reference services that are delivered via email, SMS, WhatsApp and other platforms for attending to users. In acknowledgement of the ubiquity of mobile devices, there are increasing numbers of applications that provide access to a wealth of content, support advanced user interactivity, and have responsive interfaces, all of which improve user experiences. Similarly, physical and virtual libraries must also expand into mobile-based services to allow access to resources at any time of day and from any physical location. For Caribbean libraries, this shift will be executed through the adoption of technology trends and best practices established in international libraries outside the region.

Where mobile library apps add unique value is in adjusting to the interests, behaviours and needs of their users. Integrated correctly, they would have the potential to offer personalized recommendations based on users’ previously accessed resources. These apps would also provide access to various sources via e-borrowing, including audiobooks and content from digital archives, thus expanding the range of materials presently available to users and incentivizing continued use. Moreover, development in this direction would also create opportunities for access by people from outside of the country, including distance learners, and students of foreign languages, both in the region and beyond. In this way, these implementations further benefit current library users while also bridging the gaps for those with more constraints and ensuring them authentic learning opportunities that would have previously not been possible.

BIBLIO

PAGE 05

Additionally, mobile based services can be a powerful motivator for the preservation of historical materials. As libraries have begun to host special collections, they have also become responsible for the preservation of historically and culturally important materials. Digitization has become an important tool in ensuring that these collections are available for future generations. The Alma Jordan Library at The University of the West Indies St. Augustine Campus, for example, has made the West Indiana and Special Collections Division’s Rare Photographs of Trinidad in the 1890s available via its UWISpace repository as one of its pushes towards digitizing and preserving rare and historical material. As progress on these movements is slow, further adoption and promotion of easily accessible and efficient digital library repositories may further motivate and even accelerate these efforts in consideration of changing user behaviours.

With these considerations in mind, Caribbean libraries can take additional steps to further their development and ensure that they are able to serve their future communities. Firstly, Caribbean countries should work together to make the shift to mobile digital libraries. Partnering would also allow the region to engage vendors and publishers to deliver mobile-first apps for accessing ebooks, e-journals and online databases. Secondly, and perhaps more immediately, islands should forge ahead with making a wider range of services available through their websites, and their websites should be made mobile friendly Thirdly, staff of these libraries must be trained to deliver quality service to support the mobile friendly apps.

Caribbean mobile digital libraries are poised to be transformative and serve as dynamic hubs of information and knowledge, regardless of whether they are public, academic, school, special or research libraries. They can support the preservation and dissemination of Caribbean culture and heritage through digitization initiatives and online exhibitions, and they can be crucial in democratizing knowledge and education by breaking down barriers to access, and reaching individuals in remote or underserved areas. Caribbean libraries must continue to evolve to offr more interactive and personalized experiences for users using artificial intelligence powered recommendations, virtual reality simulations, and collaborative learning platforms.

More importantly, trends indicate that mobile digital libraries will likely integrate seamlessly with other new technologies, such as block chain and augmented reality, to enhance security, accessibility and user engagement. Overall, trending technologies are shaping the future from physical and digital, and movements in this direction will help to ensure that libraries avoid becoming obsolete by reestablishing and relocating themselves to handheld devices such as smartphones and tablets.

Bibliography Adewole-Odeshi, E., & Ezechukwu, O. C., PhD. (2023). Adoption of mobile reference services as predictors of digital library service delivery in Nigeria.

Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-14. https://ezproxy.sastudents.uwi.tt/login? url=https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/adoption-mobilereference-services-as-predictors/docview/2848495842/se-2 Hranchak, T., Dease, N., & Lopatovska, I. (2024). Mobile phone use among Ukrainian and US students: A library perspective. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, 73(1/2), 161-182.

Ming, J., Chen, R., & Tu, R. (2021). Factors influencing user behavior intention to use mobile library application: A theoretical and empirical research based on grounded theory. Data and Information Management, 5(1), 131-146. https://doi.org/10.2478/dim-2020-0037

BIBLIO

PAGE 06

Top Five AI Terms and Concepts By Tricia Ready-Archibald Information Services Librarian Barrackpore East Secondary School Library Raise your hand if you have to think twice when asked to pass the tablet. Is it Panadol or a touchscreen device? Our language has evolved along with technology - new words are born, some become homonyms, and others unrecognizable from their root word. Librarians are marathon runners in knowledge for cataloging purposes, addressing client inquiries, preserving relevance, and making informed decisions. The goal of this article is to explore five key terms and concepts used in Artificial Intelligence (AI).

1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) This is ‘computer systems performing tasks requiring human intelligence, aiming to create machines that can think, learn, and understand like humans’ (Baldikov, 2024). According to a 2024 article written by Larie Wilson - it encompasses technology that mimics intelligent behavior, such as Siri, and Alexa. AI algorithms use information from prior decisions and preferences to recommend new material. These virtual assistants can make calls, respond to inquiries, and operate smart home appliances using AI, machine learning, and speech recognition.

2. Machine Learning (ML) Machine learning works in the background of many technologies used everyday. It involves ‘algorithms enabling computers to improve performance by learning from data, focusing on pattern recognition’ (Gupta, 2024). Tripathy’s 2023 article on Machine Learning in E-commerce, explains that technology seeks trends in data from other users and previous purchases to determine what the user might be interested in.

Additionally, Machine learning algorithms are used to identify spam emails - and is rightfully named ‘spam filtering’.

3. Deep Learning (DL) This is a subset of Machine Learning using ‘neural networks with multiple layers to automatically learn features from data, like facial recognition in photos’ (Baldikov, 2024). Deep learning algorithms are accurate in identifying faces, objects, and scenes in photographs and applications range from self-driving automobiles to social media tagging. Machine Learning enables virtual assistants to identify speech patterns and provide relevant responses to users. In the healthcare field deep learning can improve patient outcomes by assisting medical professionals

BIBLIO

in detecting diseases. According to a 2021 article

by Yang et al., deep learning algorithms can be trained to examine a patient's past medical records and forecast the likelihood of specific ailments.

4. Generative AI These are systems that ‘create new content autonomously, such as text or images, a product of deep learning and part of the broader field of AI’ (Gupta, 2024). According to Davenport and Mittal’s 2023 article, Generative AI tools like DALLE 2 or Midjourney, create realistic images based on the user’s description. Programs, such as ‘Jasper’, help with content production by producing blog articles, social media postings, and marketing advertisements. The user enters the prompt, then AI creates a draft of the content to be edited and refined. However, there are problems concerning what qualifies as original and proprietary content created by generative AI.

...deep learning algorithms can be trained to examine a patient's past medical records and forecast the likelihood of specific ailments.

5. Hallucination These are instances where AI models ‘generate outputs based on learned biases rather than real data, potentially leading to misinformation, highlighting the importance of fact-checking and grounding AI outputs’ (Baldikov, 2024). According to Keary (2023) some of the key factors behind AI hallucinations are: ‘outdated or low-quality training data; incorrectly classified data; factual errors, inconsistencies, or biases in the training

PAGE 07

data; ack of context provided by the user and incorrect interpretations of slang expressions, or sarcasm’. The best method to determine hallucination is to manually verify the output by crosschecking facts, numbers, and arguments to ensure the accuracy of the information.

Awareness of these new terms and concepts ensures that the library can continue with its leadership role in information services. While there are many terms associated with Artificial Intelligence, these five provide a solid foundation for understanding the field as it develops. Artificial Intelligence has several advantages that can boost productivity, accuracy, and advancement in a number of industries. We can expect breakthroughs and positive impacts in the years to come.

Bibliography Ai-Admin. (2024, January 10). Amazing ways artificial intelligence is revolutionizing everyday life. AI for Social Good. https://aiforsocialgood.ca/blog/amazing-ways-artificial-intelligence-isrevolutionizing-everyday-life Baldikov, N. (2024, March 15). 130+ must-know AI terms: Essential glossary of ai concepts. InBound Blogging. https://inboundblogging.com/ai-terms/ Davenport , T. H., & Mittal, N. (2023, August 15). How generative AI is changing creative work. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2022/11/howgenerative-ai-is-changing-creative-work Gupta, G. (2024, February 7). 10 essential terms to understand artificial intelligence. eLearning Industry. https://elearningindustry.com/essentialterms-to-understand-artificial-intelligence Keary, T. (2024, January 15). What is ai hallucination? examples, causes & how to spot them. Techopedia. https://www.techopedia.com/definition/aihallucination Tripathy, S. (2023, September 15). Machine learning in e-commerce: Personalizing the shopping experience. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/machine-learning-e-commercepersonalizing-shopping-sunil-tripathy Wilson, L. (2024, January 12). AI for everyone: From smart speakers to smarter you - A beginner’s Guide to Artificial Intelligence. Medium. https://medium.com/@latik79/ai-for-everyone-from-smart-speakers-tosmarter-you-a-beginners-guide-to-artificial-intelligence-18948722608f

BIBLIO

Yang, S., Zhu, F., Ling, X., Liu, Q., & Zhao, P. (2021, March 5). Intelligent health care: Applications of Deep Learning in Computational Medicine. Frontiers. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.607 471/full

PAGE 08

The Role of RFID Technology By Karris Marin-McLetchie Librarian I, June Renie Law Library Hugh Wooding Law School

Libraries have always been vanguards in implementing and utilising technology that aim to improve delivery of services to its users (Kajewski, 2006). One such technology is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) which is being used to revolutionise libraries and its services. Radio frequency was thought to have been created during WWII by Leon Theremin. His invention was an electrical musical instrument that could be played without touch but by waves generated by the instrument using static frequency (Glinsky 2000). Working on this initial design experts began working on adapting the design to be used in various industries.

In 1983 Charles Walton patented the technology and the acronym RFID. The technology further developed into tags possessing a microchip to store item information and an antenna that disperses the radio frequency. In order to track the tags and record the information that was contained in them, the RFID reader was invented. This combination of tags and readers was used to track material across all sectors, including deliveries made via trains and railroads. The tags developed allowed solution designers to add intelligence to their integrated circuits which then enabled radio receiver identification. Companies use the portable scanner that was invented by Walton to keep track of their inventory, recognise locations and identify tagged items.

RIFD technology when combined with library data analytics can be used to revolutionise library operations

Libraries saw the benefits of RFID technology and began implementing this technology in the early 2000s.

RFID technology offers libraries a plethora of benefits, from streamlining inventory management to enhancing patron services. RFID-enabled security helps prevent theft and unauthorized removal of library materials, enhancing overall library security and protecting valuable collections. RFID technology enhances accessibility for patrons with disabilities by enabling self-service options and reducing reliance on staff assistance. The intuitive interface of RFID-enabled self-checkout kiosks accommodates diverse needs and preferences, empowering patrons to navigate library services independently. This inclusivity aligns with the core values of libraries as accessible and welcoming spaces for all members of the community.

The June Renie Law Library of the Hugh Wooding Law School, an academic library in Trinidad and Tobago, introduced RFID technology in 2012. The Virtual DOXX RFID system was implemented to supplement the existing Library Management Software MINISIS and act as a security management system allowing effective and efficient operating procedures. The Law Library embarked on the process of utilising RFID in order to inventory, tag and commission all physical items in the collection.

RIFD technology when combined with library data analytics can be used to revolutionise library operations and allow for the enhancement of patron experiences in the library. The June Renie Law Library uses RFID technology to assist with inventory management. As each item available in the collection has been tagged with a unique identifier library staff can provide accurate collection counts for the various sections and titles in the law library. The data gained from these analytics can be used to identify popular items being used by patrons, going as far as allowing staff to determine usage patterns. Data analytics can assist when preparing for budgets by providing details on what titles and new editions are needed to supplement the existing collection. It also provides supporting proof of library use to justify requests for additional funding.

BIBLIO

PAGE 09

The RFID technology currently being used allows for improved asset protection. The staff of the June Renie Law Library are alerted when material is removed from the library without authorisation. In addition, data analytics obtained from the RFID statistics can best identify where the highest rates of misappropriated material occur. With the existence of security scanners at the Law Library it has become easier to stop material from leaving the library as the sounding alarm triggers the attention of Circulation Desk staff. The notification of which item has been taken is provided and allows staff to identify the item from among user’s personal items. More often than not the unauthorised removal of library material by a user is often due to the need to rush to class and not a deliberate attempt to remove items. Having this system allows for the security that is needed to ensure no real loss occurs.

RFID technology can be seen as providing Caribbean libraries with another step in firmly establishing the evolution of library services that meet the demands of the digital age. By seamlessly integrating RFID systems into their operations, Caribbean libraries can optimize resource allocation, foster a more engaging and efficient learning environment, and ultimately better fulfil their mission of supporting scholarship, research, and education. With RFID technology at their disposal, Caribbean libraries are poised to navigate the complexities of the modern information landscape with agility and efficacy, ensuring that they remain indispensable hubs of knowledge and intellectual inquiry for generations to come.

Bibliography Glinsky, Albert (2000). “Theremin: Ether Music and Espionage.” Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.

Kajewski, M.A. (2006). “Emerging technologies changing public library service delivery models.” APLIS, Vol. 19 No. 4, pp. 157-163.

St Patrick Duncan, A. (2021). “Opportunities for academic smart libraries in the Caribbean.” Library Hi Tech News, Vol. 38 No. 5, pp. 9-12.

BIBLIO

PAGE 10

Leveraging a Mobile App for Enhanced Patron Engagement at Island Libraries By Lisa Rambadhan Librarian I San Fernando General Hospital Medical Library

In an age characterized by technological advancements and the widespread use of mobile devices, libraries are compelled to adapt to the changing needs and expectations of their patrons. One avenue for innovation lies in the integration of a mobile application tailored specifically to the services and resources offered by Island Libraries. While many sectors, including businesses, government agencies, and entertainment industries, have embraced the use of mobile apps, libraries can also harness this technology to enhance accessibility, convenience, and engagement with their offerings. Let's delve into the potential benefits of implementing such an app and how it could significantly boost patron numbers, transforming the library experience.

The integration of a mobile app for Island Libraries represents a strategic step toward catering to the preferences and behaviors of modern library users, particularly teenagers and young adults. Such an app can serve as a seamless platform for patrons to access a myriad of library services and resources, including catalog searches, digital collections, event schedules, and account management functionalities. Leveraging the capabilities of smartphones and tablets, the app could provide a user-friendly interface that facilitates easy navigation and quick access to information, making the library experience more intuitive and accessible than ever before.

One of the primary benefits of integrating a mobile app is the enhanced accessibility it offers to library resources and services. Patrons can conveniently access the library's catalog and digital collections from anywhere, at any time, breaking free from the constraints of physical location and operating hours. This increased accessibility accommodates the diverse needs and preferences of patrons, including those with limited mobility or busy schedules, thereby broadening the reach of Island Libraries to a wider audience.

The mobile app streamlines various aspects of the patron experience, promoting convenience and efficiency in accessing library services. Patrons can utilize the app to search for materials, place holds, renew items, and manage their accounts seamlessly, reducing the reliance on in-person visits or phone inquiries. Moreover, the app can offer personalized recommendations based on patrons' browsing history and preferences, facilitating resource discovery and encouraging active engagement with library collections.

By incorporating interactive features and multimedia content, the mobile app fosters enhanced engagement with library resources and programming. Patrons can explore curated collections, participate in virtual events, and access multimedia resources such as e-books, audiobooks, and digital exhibitions directly from their mobile devices. Additionally, the app can facilitate social interactions among patrons, enabling the sharing of recommendations, reviews, and discussions about library materials and activities, thereby fostering a sense of community and collaboration.

BIBLIO

PAGE 11

Furthermore, the mobile app serves as a powerful tool for promoting library services, events, and initiatives to both existing patrons and potential new users. Through push notifications, alerts, and targeted messaging, the app can effectively communicate upcoming events, new acquisitions, and special promotions, encouraging patron participation and retention. Moreover, the app can integrate features for collecting feedback and conducting surveys, enabling Island Libraries to gather valuable insights into patron preferences and needs, thus informing future decision-making processes.

Despite the myriad benefits offered by the integration of a mobile app, there are also challenges and considerations that must be addressed to ensure its success. These include investing in robust technical infrastructure to support app development, designing an intuitive user interface, prioritizing privacy and security measures, and providing adequate training and support for patrons and staff.

"...the mobile app serves as a powerful tool for promoting library services, events, and initiatives to both existing patrons and potential new users."

In conclusion, integrating a mobile app for Island Libraries presents a wealth of opportunities for enhancing the patron experience, expanding accessibility, and fostering community engagement. By embracing mobile technology, libraries can evolve to meet the evolving needs of their patrons and establish themselves as indispensable resources in the digital age. With careful planning, investment, and ongoing evaluation, the integration of a mobile app holds immense potential to transform Island Libraries into dynamic hubs of knowledge and culture for patrons of all ages and backgrounds.

BIBLIO

PAGE 12

Beyond the Pocket Era: Championing the Diverse Skills of Modern Public Librarianship By Leann George

Information Service Librarian I / NALIS

For over 15 years, I have had the privilege of serving within the esteemed environment of public libraries. In this time, I have gained valuable skills through dedication and commitment to serving the community.

This article aims to shed light on the expertise cultivated within public librarianship and advocate for the recognition it rightfully deserves. In the following, I will delve into the specific skills and experiences I have developed during my tenure in public libraries, highlighting their relevance in today' s rapidly changing world. It is important to note that while I have advanced these skills through my individual experiences, I recognize that others may have had different journeys.

My entrance into public libraries coincided with the digital revolution' s third wave, marking the end of the ' pocket era' for public libraries in Trinidad and Tobago. During this transformative period, libraries fully embraced technology, and my early career focused on mastering computing skills to engage community members with digital content. A skill that became increasingly valuable with the commercialization of information as a commodity. This experience not only enhanced my information-seeking skills but also improved my proficiency in publishing and photo editing software. During the Covid-19 pandemic, as public libraries transitioned services online, these skills were further expanded to include competencies in video editing. Today, these skills are incredibly valuable and sought after in the job market due to the increasing demand for content creation across various sectors.

My experience in public libraries has underscored the importance of fostering inclusivity, thereby enhancing my interpersonal skills. Equity, as a core value of librarianship, highlights the necessity for libraries to reach individuals from all segments of society.

Throughout my tenure, public libraries have extended their efforts beyond merely engaging socially excluded individuals; they have proactively taken steps to reach them. Initiatives such as visiting homebound persons and customizing programs and software for those with visual impairments are only a few examples of these efforts.

Through these experiences, my interpersonal skills, including effective communication, empathy, cultural and social competence, have been enhanced.

These skills are linked to social awareness, a key component of emotional intelligence, which holds significant prominence today and is sought after in the recruitment processes of most industries.

BIBLIO

PAGE 13

The communication skills honed during my tenure in public libraries also improved my proficiency in effectively imparting knowledge to others through instruction. This proficiency was particularly evident when I was entrusted with teaching a class for another industry within recent years. There I was highly praised for my adeptness in reaching adults and seniors from diverse social backgrounds - a skill I attributed to my years of teaching digital and computer literacy to individuals of varying demographics. Furthermore, my growth in communication also allowed me to enhance my customer service skills, providing me with the opportunity to better understand user needs and ensure their satisfaction. One instance involved interacting with a patron who was labelled as unruly. Upon engaging with her, I discerned that her frustrations stemmed from struggling with reading. Recognizing this, I was able to address her immediate needs and offer recommendations to assist her in learning to read. This experience highlighted the profound impact that empathy and understanding can have in customer service interactions.

Lastly, another skill refined through my public library experiences is adaptability. Adaptability is a term frequently used in the library and information profession globally. Libraries have a rich history and are renowned for their ability to evolve to the ever-changing needs of their users. From ancient scrolls to eresources, libraries epitomize an evolutionary profession. Working in public libraries, an environment that has continuously adapted its operations to remain relevant, I developed this skill through ongoing learning, improvement, and the generation of innovative ideas. Adaptability is now in high demand across various industries grappling with similar challenges of relevance amidst rapid technological advancements.

In conclusion, my time in public libraries has been a journey of skill acquisition, marked by embracing technology, fostering inclusivity, and delivering exceptional customer service. These experiences highlight the ongoing significance of public librarianship in our rapidly evolving world.

BIBLIO

PAGE 14

How Trinidad and Tobago Public Libraries are Leveraging Technology for Sustainable Development.

By Leann George

Information Service Librarian I / NALIS

This article offers insights derived from an independent research project completed as part of my MLIS degree program at the University of the West Indies, Mona. The project focused on 'Sustainability Practices within Public Libraries in Trinidad and Tobago' and emphasizes the importance of embracing holistic sustainability practices within the Caribbean library context. The study utilizes the 1987 Brundtland Report's interpretation of sustainability, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The study identified three main aspects of sustainability practices within libraries: sustainable facilities, technologies, and literacy. This article primarily emphasizes the role of technology, highlighting how Trinidad and Tobago public libraries use ICTs to advance environmental stewardship, economic efficiency, and social inclusion.

Public libraries in Trinidad and Tobago are taking significant steps towards environmental sustainability and operational efficiency by embracing technology. Efforts include deploying energyefficient printers and integrated library systems to reduce paper consumption. However, managing energy consumption, especially with increased computing infrastructure like servers, presents challenges. One solution found in literature is the adoption of cloud computing. By shifting some computing processes to cloud-based platforms, libraries can lower energy consumption associated with on-site servers. Additionally, exploring sustainable technologies such as solar energy (SE) systems offer promising benefits. SE integration not only reduces costs but also contributes to environmental sustainability, leveraging Trinidad and Tobago's abundant sunlight.

Globally, libraries are embracing diverse modern technologies such as motion sensors, automatic light controls, smart devices, and Internet of Things (IoT) to monitor and minimize energy usage effectively. These initiatives underscore libraries' commitment to sustainability and offer valuable insights for public libraries in Trinidad and Tobago aiming to enhance environmental stewardship and operational efficiency.

Technology is not just aiding environmental efforts; it is also being used to raise awareness about sustainability issues. Existing literature highlights the effectiveness of social media in green advocacy. Public libraries in Trinidad and Tobago are already proficient in social media platforms like Facebook to champion their outreach initiatives. By aligning their content to support environmental, social, and economic sustainable development, these libraries can further advance their contributions to the nation' s sustainable development goals.

The utilization of social media not only improves engagement and reach but also fosters sustainability through waste management practices. By shifting away from traditional printed displays, which typically involve significant usage of ink and paper, libraries can reduce their expenditures on these consumables.

Moreover, this transition lessens the demand for toxic ink, which can contribute to environmental degradation. Through the strategic use of social media, public libraries in Trinidad and Tobago have broadened their sustainability impact.

BIBLIO

PAGE 15

To approach sustainability from a social standpoint means addressing the digital divide. Public libraries in Trinidad and Tobago are championing efforts to bridge this gap by offering free on-site computer access and Wi-Fi services, aiming to provide equal opportunities for all members of society, particularly those vulnerable to digital exclusion. By implementing programs such as hotspot and laptop lending initiatives for marginalized populations, and reintroducing bookmobile services equipped with laptops available for public use in rural areas, libraries can further enhance inclusivity and ensure that everyone can benefit from technological advancements.

“libraries can further enhance inclusivity and ensure that everyone can benefit from technological advancements.”

Continuing their focus on using technology for social inclusion, public libraries in Trinidad and Tobago are committed to serving diverse populations, including individuals with disabilities. Implementing specially programmed technology to enhance accessibility for those with visual impairments not only aligns with global sustainable development goals but also underscores their commitment to digital inclusivity. Initiatives like the Marrakesh Treaty, where NALIS is the "authorized entity," empower libraries to convert published works into digital formats, making them accessible to individuals with visual impairments. This further reinforces their dedication to promoting equal access to digital resources for everyone.

This article provides only a brief glimpse into the study and excludes crucial perspectives, such as the challenges faced by libraries in implementing sustainability practices. Its primary focus is on highlighting the initiatives of public libraries in Trinidad and Tobago leveraging technology for sustainable development.

BIBLIO

PAGE 16

Virtual Reality Gamification: The Game Changer in Patron Interaction By Davi Ramkallawan

Librarian III , Educational Libraries Services Division,NALIS A most noteworthy element I enjoyed during my tenure in NALIS’ Public Libraries Division was the Virtual Reality (VR) gamification technology that lets patrons experience an immersive gaming environment in an interactive setting. NALIS’ employment of the OCULUS and PlayStation 5 Gaming System with the young patrons at the Port of Spain Young Adults Library and notable public libraries at Chaguanas, Couva and Point Fortin have provided a unique and engaging interaction which encourages hand-eye coordination development, positive onsite behavior, problem-solving, learning and exploring. The earning of game points and other reward systems delight young adults in progressing game levels, timed task completions, enjoying changing environments and 3D graphics.

Game mechanics incorporated into a nongaming environment have allowed libraries to engage with its strategic stakeholders. The Port of Spain Young Adult Library team showcased these benefits at an outreach event hosted by ALIAS Entertainment. In keeping with teenager user trends, the Port of Spain Young Adult Library also exhibited our Anime Collection at a MANGA Booth.

Locally famed comic author Mr. Lesedi Grant accompanied the Young Adult Team to deliver an extraordinary patron experience which attracted hundreds of fascinated teens and adults with NALIS’ offerings in the arena of technological development and services.

Similarly, as an After School Program, the Chaguanas Public Library sought to enhance community engagement and inclusivity by promoting enjoyable gaming experiences to young patrons aged 12 to 19 years. Program components involved engaging in-house gaming events and tournaments, collaboration with local schools for onsite gaming events and curation of a suitable collection of games to elevate patrons’ gaming experiences.

As libraries expand their roles in the digital age and embrace these technologies, patron-tailored content and services encourage a more responsive and positive patron interaction. Library staff’s effective training and use of Virtual Reality technology is crucial to the successful integration and dissemination of knowledge in a rapidly evolving world.

BIBLIO

PAGE 17

UNESCO Global Media and Information Literacy Week – NALIS’ Public Libraries Division

Submitted By Davi Ramkallawan Librarian III, Educational Libraries Services Division, NALIS

UNESCO Global Media and Literacy Week 2023, provided an instrumental opportunity for NALIS’ Public Libraries Division to support the work of the Library Association of Trinidad and Tobago. The promotion of hybrid programming across the network strengthened media, information literacy and digital skills of our local children and youths. Participants learnt of the different library media, how to safely interact with and operate technology in an online environment as well as within a physical space with noteworthy activities like: Makerspaces (Young Adults and Children) at the Port of Spain Young Adult and Children’s Libraries emphasizing Cyber Safety, EBSCO One Search, Canva training and other digital creation applications, Animation, Online Gaming, Virtual Reality Technology and Traditional Games. Also, NIHERST featured STEM Programs, 3D Printing and Science Experiments.

Virtual Book Club Mingles (Adults and Golden Members) with Book Clubs across the NALIS network (Port of Spain Adult and Young Adult Libraries, Sangre Grande, St James, Debe, Siparia, Chaguanas), Minister founded Book Club, Pink Altar and the SouLutions Book Club participated with renowned author Dr. Beverley-Ann Scott of the book “The Stolen Cascadura.” Club members were invigorated to create audio/video reviews of the book and engage in lively deliberations of this remarkable literary piece.

Next Step MIL Fun for Senior Citizens (Golden Members) took the form of Media and Information Literacy Courses for seniors celebrating the theme ‘Using Technology to Connect your Past to Your Future’ by scanning and creating post cards using tools like Microsoft Office Suite and Canva, to create personalised digital family trees or postcards for Christmas and gifts.

A ConnectU Graphic Design Workshop (Correctional Institution Libraries) sought to engage clients of the Women’s Prison, St. Jude’s Home for Girls and the Youth Training Rehabilitation Centre (YTRC) in graphic design tutorials using Canva and Microsoft Office Suite. These individuals proudly displayed creations of personalised post cards for family members alongside developing research skills in identifying credible and non-credible sources of information.

Cyber Safety Day and Week with CyberSafeTT educated patrons and staff with displays, information videos, resource web links and activities across the PLD network

BIBLIO

PAGE 18

VIP Media and Information Literacy Transition (VIP Golden Members) taught Visually Impaired Persons to use and navigate their phones and devices, creating a Gmail account with safe spaces for socialization, play (via traditional games) and engage in dynamic conversations. They also learnt universal English Braille with the operations of the screen reader software, None Visual Desktop Access (NVDA) for browsing the internet and accessing Microsoft Office, Poet Compact a flatbed scanner for reading documents and the Clear Vue Optelec to magnify reading of documents for persons with low vision.

“Games teach you how aspects of reality work, how to understand yourself, how to understand the actions of others, and how to imagine.” - Ralph Koster Living Library Program celebrating Calypso History Month with iconic Caribbean bards promoted our culturally diverse heritage through in-person discussions with living calypsonian legends. The invaluable collaboration with Mr. Ako Mutota accentuated the theme – Poets and Prophets: Chronicles from Living Poets with in-house and live streamed sessions via Zoom at various libraries. Featured icons included Professor Ron Reid, Mighty Gabby (Barbados), Brother Mudada at the Port of Spain Adult Library, Brother Valentino at the Sangre Grande Public Library and Brother Zeno Constance at the San Fernando West Indian Reference Library.

Tours, photo booths, craft sessions and Facebook Live sessions further enhanced visitors’ experiences where ‘Getting in at the library and being informed and an active participant’ was what this week was all about.

BIBLIO

PAGE 19

TRENDS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: INNOVATING ISLAND LIBRARIES By Elliott Alan Nedd The Alma Jordan Library, UWI

Introduction The shifting landscape of higher education has had a profound influence on libraries, encompassing the speed of technological advancements, the acquisition and management of both current and historical resources, and the patterns of patron engagement (Bernard, 2015). This article delves into the developments in information technology that are influencing island libraries and how these innovations are transforming patron interactions with and utilization of library resources. By investigating the stateof-the-art technologies being implemented, we can gain valuable insights into how these institutions are navigating the digital era and adapting to fulfill the needs of their users.

According to Davis and Renwick, it is essential for libraries to continuously adapt and change in order to meet the demands of their patrons. This requires embracing technology and fostering teamwork, as well as utilizing information and communication technologies (ICTs) to remain an indispensable community resource. By leveraging ICTs, libraries can effectively serve their patrons while also expanding and enhancing user services. the needs of their users.

Breaking free for our future generation

Photo: Matthew Tung

What defines library innovation?

Knowledge sharing (KS) is often regarded as a critical element in developing innovative abilities and enhancing innovation (Kaewchur et al.). In the context of non-profit entities such as libraries, innovation involves adapting library services to meet user needs and incorporating digital technologies and new information-seeking behaviors. Real innovation typically entails disruptions, experiments, errors, or failures and necessitates the exploration of innovative ideas. It is essential for libraries to have visionary leadership, a supportive organizational climate, and a culture that encourages innovation in order to foster innovation (Molaro and White, 2015).

Photo: Neilson Ward

BIBLIO

Importance of IT in Libraries The significance of information technology in libraries cannot be emphasized enough in today' s digital era. The advent of online databases, e-books, and digital archives has enabled libraries to offer patrons access to a vast array of information at their fingertips.

Furthermore, information technology has transformed the manner in which libraries organize and retrieve materials, making it simpler for users to locate the resources they require swiftly and efficiently.

PAGE 20

Additionally, technology has empowered libraries to offer a plethora of services remotely, such as online catalog searches and virtual reference assistance, thereby expanding their reach beyond their physical boundaries. As libraries continue to evolve in response to technological advancements, information technology plays a critical role in ensuring their continued relevance and accessibility to the public (M. Breeding, p. 518).

What drives library innovation?

According to Elves (2015), libraries ought to innovate for three primary reasons: firstly, to adapt to altering environments, such as the transition from print to digital; secondly, to improve their present offerings, such as learning areas, app development, and RFID technology; and thirdly, to adjust to the evolving landscape and adopt new information retrieval methods, such as open-access publication, in order to provide efficient and pertinent services to patrons.

Successful innovation of RFID technology at the Alma Jordan Library Technologies such as RFID, automated checkout systems, and online databases have significantly enhanced library services and improved the user experience in the 21st century (Harris, 2016). "Selfcheck machines" is the phrase that refers to automated machines that allow customers to perform self-service tasks such as scanning and paying for merchandise without the assistance of a store employee. In libraries, these machines are typically equipped with touch screens and barcode scanners to make the process quick and easy for patrons to borrow and return books. They are becoming increasingly popular in libraries as they help reduce waiting times, improve efficiency, and provide a convenient and user

Photo: UWI Mona Library Orientation: Borrowing

user-friendly experience for users while also benefiting the reserve section by freeing up employees to focus on other tasks.

Two self-check machines were installed for the convenience of all UWI campus community members who use the Alma Jordan Library (AJL) during regular AJL operating hours. The brand (Bibliotheca) self-service library solutions, which come with alternatives for all types of library technology (barcode, EM, RFID), provide special features and capabilities that support circulation, engage users, and combine physical and digital library experiences.

“It is essential for libraries to continuously adapt and change in order to meet the demands of their patrons” Together with a deposit bin for all returned or checked-in library materials, these machines are positioned strategically on the ground level of the AJL, across the circulation and access unit area.

The display of each machine is a CheckIn/Check-Out Simple Step Guide. Furthermore, patrons may receive guidance and assistance from friendly and competent C&AS team members, who can even conduct a demo if necessary. Self-service library checkouts present several opportunities to boost productivity, enhance patron satisfaction, attract new patrons, and ensure that library services are sustainable in the long run.

Photo: Neilson Ward

BIBLIO

PAGE 21

Conclusion In conclusion, implementing innovative technologies in island libraries has shown great potential in enhancing the overall user experience and accessibility of resources. By adopting trends such as cloud computing, digital repositories, and RFID technology, libraries can not only increase their efficiency and effectiveness in providing information services, but also attract a wider audience of users. Libraries must continue to adapt and evolve with the rapidly changing landscape of information technology to remain relevant and valuable in the digital age. Ultimately, the successful integration of these technologies will be crucial in ensuring that island libraries continue to serve their communities effectively and remain vital in the 21st century to meet the scholarly needs of their patrons.

“Libraries must continue to adapt and evolve with the rapidly changing landscape of information technology”

Bibliography The Alma Jordan Library: https://libraries.sta.uwi.edu/ajl/ Elves, R. (2015). Innovation in Libraries: Report from the Business Librarians Association Annual Conference. SCONUL Focus, 65, p. 54–57 Available online: https://www.sconul.ac.uk/sites/default/files/documents/14_18.pdf Harris, A. R. (2016).

The 21st century https://www.researchgate.net/publication /328528041. 1-12.

library.

Kaewchur, O., Anussornnitisarn, P., and Pastuszak, Z. The Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing on Information Technology and Innovation’,” International Journal of Management, Knowledge and Learning, vol. Vol 2, no. No. 2, 2013, pp. 227–42.

M. Breeding, "Chapter 1: Introduction to Web Services", 2008, p. 5-18: https://journals.ala.org/index.php/ltr/article/view/4457/5193 Molaro, A., White, L. L., and Lankes, R. D. (2015). The library innovation toolkit: ideas, strategies, and programs. Washington, DC: American Library Association.

Peltier-Davis, Cheryl A., and Shamin Renwick. Caribbean Libraries in the 21st Century: Changes, Challenges, and Choices. Medford, N.J.: Information Today, 2007. Internet resource.

Simone Bernard. (2015) “Guyanese Academic Libraries Response to Current Trends and Issues Identified by the Association of College & Research Libraries”, Vol 3, pp 18

BIBLIO

PAGE 22

THE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION OF TRNIDAD & TOBAGO IS INVITING YOU TO SUBMIT CONTENT (ARTICLES, OPINION PIECES, REPORTS, REVIEWS) FOR THE NEXT ISSUE OF BIBLIO Share what is going in your department or organization or simply highlight a topic that is important to you.

Please submit all articles to latt46@gmail.com with the subject line “BIBLIO Submission”

Upcoming Events ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING (AGM) 2024

BIBLIO