Introduction to the Industrial Revolution

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Introduction to the Industrial Revolution

Slide 1

The Industrial Revolution • The industrial Revolution can be defined as:

• the application of power driven machinery to manufacturing

Slide 2

From the Agrarian world to the Industrialized world • Lord Townshend in England introduced crop rotation – land could now be used year-round;

• Enclosures forced people to move from the country to the towns

• More food produced = population increase (1700 there were about 100 million people in Europe, by 1800 the population had grown to 190 million)

• New technology development changed the way people worked

Slide 3

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Textile Industry Takes Off • Domestic system (cottage industry) had dominated the early 1700s; merchants dropped off raw materials at people’s homes, picked up finished products later

Slide 4

Textile Industry Takes Off • Series of inventions modernize textile manufacturing, including:

• 1733 - Flying Shuttle (John Kay) – Used to weave cloth

The Spinning Jenny

Slide 5

Textile Industry Takes Off • 1760 – Spinning Jenny (James Hargreaves) – Allowed for multiple threads to be woven together

• 1769 – Water Frame (Richard Arkwright) – Used water to power the spinning frame

The Spinning Jenny

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Textile Industry Takes Off • 1785 – Water Loom (Edmund Cartwright) – First machine that could weave cloth

• 1793 – Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney) – Machine that separated cotton seeds from the cotton

Plans for the Cotton Gin

Slide 7

Textile Industry Takes Off • These advancements resulted in the movement of work from the home to the factory

Plans for the Cotton Gin

Slide 8

Britain Industrializes First • 1715-1850

• Natural resources available in Britain:large amounts of coal and iron

• Geographical advantages include a large river system for water power

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Britain Industrializes First • Colonial empire provided raw materials and markets

• Spreads to continental Europe, United States of America, and Japan between 1850 and 1914

Slide 10

Changes Brought by the Industrial Revolution • Invention of the steam engine in 1763 by James Watt shifts labor from humans and animals to machines

• Inventions continue to make life, manufacturing, and farming easier and better

• Continuous reinvestment of profits fuel even greater growth

• Inventions in one area often led to inventions in others

• Transportation and communication systems are greatly enhanced

Slide 11

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