Spatial woes of Work from Home Residence as a multidimensional space (11.12.2021)

Submitted By: Harshita Bhalla, Komal Dalal, Pranati Gabriella Kumar, Ritika, Sayeda Laaiba Nizami Guide: Ar. Neetu Kaushal

Department of Architecture and Planning Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women

Harshita Bhalla, Komal Dalal, Pranati Gabriella Kumar, Ritika, Sayeda Laaiba Nizami, 2018-2023

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Declaration

This report has been prepared on the basis of our own work Where other published and unpublished source materials have been used, these have been acknowledged.

Word Count: 9100

Student Name: Harshita Bhalla, Komal Dalal, Pranati Gabriella Kumar, Ritika, Sayeda Laaiba Nizami

Date of Submission: 09/12/2021

Name & Signature of Advisor:

Name & Signature of Co-Advisor:

Signature of Seminar Coordinator for (Aug-Dec 2021):

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Chapter 3: Literature Review 17

3.1 Synthesis Matrix 17

3.2 Beyond Live/Work: The Architecture of Home Based Work 18

3.2.1 Inferences from the Book 18

3.3 Survey Analysis ..........................................................................................................19

3.4 Weissenhof- Siedlung Houses 14 and 15 ..................................................................20

3.4.1 Weissenhof Settlement...................................................................................21 3.4.2 Design Strategies 21 3.4.3 Design Features 21

Chapter 4: Case Studies 23

4.1 Primary Case Study....................................................................................................23

4.1.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................23 4.1.2 Problems faced by the residents during Working from Home 24 4.1.3 Findings 24 4.1.4 Analysis 25 4.1.5 Suggestions 25 4.1.6 Conclusion 25 4.2 Primary Case Study-2 26 4.2.1 Introduction 26 4.2.2 Problems faced by the residence 27 4.2.3 Findings 27 4.2.4 Analysis ..........................................................................................................29 4.2.5 Suggestions....................................................................................................29 4.2.6 Conclusion......................................................................................................30

4.3 Modern KyoMachiya Liveable Architecture for Kyoto Yuhei Miyake May 2011(Secondary Case Study) 31

4.3.1 What is a KyoMachiya? 31 4.3.2 The Site 31 4.3.3 Program 32 4.3.4 Design Analysis: Massing 32 4.3.5 Design Guidelines 33

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

4.3.6 Analysis ..........................................................................................................33 4.3.7 Inferences.......................................................................................................33

4.4 All I Own House in Madrid, Spain 34

4.4.1 About 34 4.4.2 Program 34 4.4.3 Analysis 37 4.4.4 Inferences 37

4.5 Identiti Advertising House, Kochi, India 37

4.5.1 About 37 4.5.2 Program 38 4.5.3 Analysis 39 4.5.4 Inferences 40

4.6 NDT TLC Home, Vietnam...........................................................................................40 4.6.1 About ..............................................................................................................40 4.6.2 Program 40 4.6.3 Analysis 42 4.6.4 Inferences 42

4.7 NGOC House, Vietnam 43 4.7.1 About 43 4.7.2 Program 43 4.7.3 Analysis 45 4.7.4 Inferences 46

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

5.4.2 Acoustic materials ..........................................................................................53

Chapter 6: Conclusion...............................................................................................55

Chapter 7: References 56

Chapter 8: Appendix 57

Acknowledgment

We would like to thank our supervisor, Ar. Neetu Kaushal, for patient guidance, encouragement and advice provided to us as her students throughout the time. We would also like to express our thanks to our faculty coordinator, Ar. Vishal Rai for his continued support and encouragement at various stages.

We offer our sincere appreciation for the learning opportunities provided by them.

Secondly, the completion of this project could not have been accomplished without the support of our classmates.

Finally, we would like extend our gratitude to our parents, whose support, love and guidance, helped and motivated us in various phases of this project.

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Seminar Abstract

The ongoing pandemic has had many ill effects on physical as well as mental health of people. One of the major challenges that everyone has faced due to this, is to work from home. With work from home also came the question that - is our home designed to serve as a workplace other than all the functions it was previously serving?

This research aims to critically analyse the problems faced by residents of government housing while working from home and providing a solution for future. This will further elaborate on the role of flexibility in achieving an equal status of a workplace and a living space. The aforementioned will assist in remodelling two of the current dwelling units to function as an adaptable Workhome. This research is centred upon people of different age groups living in different government housing schemes.

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Plagiarism Check Report

Figure 1 Source: duplichecker.com

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

List of Tables

Table 1 Literature Review of Research Papers

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

List of Images

Figure 1 Source: duplichecker.com 8

Figure 2Methodology Flow Chart 14

Figure 3 Basic Principles of Work-Home 15

Figure 4 Survey Results................................................................................................................... 19

Figure 5 Current level of Satisfaction.............................................................................................. 19

Figure 6 Space Adequacy................................................................................................................. 20

Figure 7 Modifications made by Users 20

Figure 8 Suggested Modifications 20

Figure 9 Weissenhof House Front View 20

Figure 10 Division of lots................................................................................................................. 21

Figure 11 Rear View........................................................................................................................ 21

Figure 12 Five Points of architecture by Le Corbusier 1................................................................. 21

Figure 13 Five points of architecture by Le Corbusier 2 21

Figure 14 Floor Plans 22

Figure 15 Model of House 22

Figure 16 Site View 22

Figure 17 Staircase........................................................................................................................... 22

Figure 18 South Facing garden extension to living room................................................................ 22

Figure 19 Terrace............................................................................................................................. 22

Figure 20 Elevations 22

Figure 21 Interior view 22

Figure 22 Built-in closet bed 22

Figure 23 Curved partition wall 22

Figure 24 Climatic data of Delhi...................................................................................................... 23

Figure 25 East Kidwai Nagar govt. housing.................................................................................... 23

Figure 26 Site Plan........................................................................................................................... 23

Figure 27 Analysis of living room

Figure 29 Analysis of Bedroom with attached toilet

Figure 28 Analysis of kitchen 24

Figure 30 Analysis of Bedroom 2 24

Figure 31 Climate Data of Delhi 26

Figure 32 Front Facade of Building................................................................................................. 26

Figure 33 Problems Identified.......................................................................................................... 27

Figure 34 Living Room.................................................................................................................... 27

Figure 35 Central Space 28

Figure 36 Entry to Toilet 28

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Figure 37 Master Bedroom .............................................................................................................. 29

Figure 38 Bedroom-1....................................................................................................................... 29

Figure 39 Kitchen 29

Figure 40 Traditional KyoMachiya 31

Figure 41 Plan and elevation of KyoMachiya 31

Figure 42 Site Image( Google Earth) 31

Figure 43 Street view of Site........................................................................................................... 31

Figure 44 Facade Elevation.............................................................................................................. 31

Figure 45 Section of prototype......................................................................................................... 32

Figure 46 One Bedroom unit plan 32

Figure 47 Massing 1 32

Figure 48 Massing 2 32

Figure 49 Massing 3......................................................................................................................... 32

Figure 50 Design Guidelines chart................................................................................................... 33

Figure 51 Kitchen............................................................................................................................. 34

Figure 52 Working Studio 34

Figure 53 Bedroom 34

Figure 54 Bookshelf 34

Figure 55 Sliding Compartment 35

Figure 56 Easily moveable compartment......................................................................................... 35

Figure 57 Bath.................................................................................................................................. 35

Figure 58 Toilet................................................................................................................................ 35

Figure 59 Plan-1 35

Figure 60 Plan-2 36

Figure 61 Sliding Screen 36

Figure 62 Plan-3 36

Figure 63 Garden Area..................................................................................................................... 37

Figure 64 Before and after Rennovation.......................................................................................... 38

Figure 65 Cement Lattice Facade..................................................................................................... 38

Figure 66 Office Space on Ground Floor 38

Figure 67 Meeting Space 38

Figure 68 Plans of different Levels 39

Figure 69 Model Section.................................................................................................................. 39

Figure 70 Elevation.......................................................................................................................... 40

Figure 71 Section............................................................................................................................. 40

Figure 72 Floor Plans 41

Figure 73 Floor Plans 41

Figure 74 Terrace 42

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Figure 75 Front View....................................................................................................................... 42

Figure 76 Central Void..................................................................................................................... 42

Figure 77 Central Void 43

Figure 78 Section 43

Figure 79 Loggia and Staircase 43

Figure 80 Backyard 44

Figure 81 Backyard.......................................................................................................................... 44

Figure 82 Play Area ......................................................................................................................... 44

Figure 83 Floor Plans....................................................................................................................... 44

Figure 84 Front View 44

Figure 85 Floor Plans 44

Figure 86 Elevation 45

Figure 87 Roof Plan......................................................................................................................... 45

Figure 88 Floor Plan......................................................................................................................... 45

Figure 89 Floor Plan......................................................................................................................... 45

Figure 90 Section 45

Figure 91 Multi-purpose/Working Space 45

Figure 92 3BHK Remodelled Plan 47

Figure 93 Original Plan of 2BHK 48

Figure 94 2BHK Remodelled Plan................................................................................................... 48

Figure 95 Coffee Table .................................................................................................................... 48

Figure 96 Shoe Cabinet.................................................................................................................... 49

Figure 97 Shoe Cabinet 49

Figure 98 Ottoman 49

Figure 99 Convertible Sofa Bed 49

Figure 100 Transforming Dining Table 49

Figure 101 Transforming Dining Table........................................................................................... 49

Figure 102 Transforming Wall Bed with Sofa................................................................................. 50

Figure 103 Side Table...................................................................................................................... 50

Figure 104 Hydraulic Table 51

Figure 105 Standing Table with Shelves 51

Figure 106 Wall Bed with Sofa 51

Figure 107 Folding Dining Table..................................................................................................... 52

Figure 108 Transformable Sofa/Bed................................................................................................ 52

Figure 109 Wooden Partition........................................................................................................... 52

Figure 110 Wooden Partition 52

Chapter 1: Synopsis

1.1 Introduction

COVID-19 has brought many unanticipated challenges and a major shift in the lifestyle of people. Due to this unforeseen change people weren’t able to maintain a work-life balance. As the pandemic took a toll on people’s lives, a nationwide lockdown was imposed due to which people were forced to work from home and face challenges that came with it as their houses weren’t flexible and adaptable to be transformed into a ‘Workhome’. When people started working from home they had to create a work setup where they found space which could be living rooms, bedrooms or even their kitchens.

A survey from Indian Journal of Psychiatry suggested that more than 2/5th of the people are experiencing common mental disorders, due to lockdown and the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic (Grover S, 2020) This research paper emphasizes re-designing a dwelling unit which can function as a flexible and adaptable work home. Flexible Housing allows users to control, adapt and change the space by offering various choices. Rather than moving to a new place, users can remodel the existing interior layout with the expenditure of money and labour. Moreover a prototype of a multidimensional dwelling unit will also be proposed which can function as an efficient work-home.

1.2 Aim

To understand how internal planning/layout of a dwelling unit can been made into a flexible and adaptable workhome.

1.3 Objectives

To understand how can dwelling units be made flexible/adaptable to changes.

To remodel an existing dwelling unit according to the current COVID scenario

To study the importance of design elements - colour scheme, furniture, etc. which will benefit the workhomes.

1.4 Research Questions

How can homes be designed to serve as a multidisciplinary function, both as a living space and working space?

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

What are the basic design strategies that can be used to make a space multifunctional which can cater to different users? 

How are residences adapting in the current scenario?

1.5 Research Methodology

Figure 2Methodology Flow Chart

1.6 Scope and Limitations

1.6.1 Scope

Through this research a result can be achieved where existing dwelling units can become more flexible and adaptable.

1.6.2 Limitations

The sample has been restricted to people living in Government housing only, due to the similarity of floor plans. 

Work-home culture is very new to India, therefore all the case studies selected are international. 

This study is catering to the composite climate of Delhi specifically.

Chapter 2: Background and Literature

2.1 History and Evolution

It was not the first time Remote workers came to be when the internet was created. People used to work remotely even before commuting to downtown offices became the usual. In the Pre-Industrial Revolution period, all people worked from their homes. Skilled blacksmiths, carpenters, leather workers, and potters each set up shop at their residence and sold their goods from there. (Anon., n.d.) As automation came into being, due to Industrial Revolution, more and more factories were built which required the employees to be present at site. This shift of workplace forced people to commute to their work. Expansion in the economy ensued the evolution of Technology and IT industry and thus the resurgence of remote workers was seen.

Elements of workhome before industrial revolution: -

Courtyard spaces- artisans, potters

Out houses/workshops- blacksmith, shoemakers

Backyard- dairy

Verandahs- weavers, bangle makers

Front porches- embroidery workers

Roof- snacks, pickles makers

Kitchen- food suppliers

2.2 Design Principles

It is often observed that the most common contemporary Workhome which is the ‘live/work unit’ is inappropriately designed based on ‘one-sizefits-all’ scenario. The following principles helps in understanding the underlaying complexities of this old building type.

2.2.1 Dominant function

An interesting attribute of the workhome is that it can altogether take different forms. This typology organizes them according to their dominant function. The typology of houses that can be seen when workhomes are classified on the basis of dominant function:

home-dominated

work-dominated

equal-status

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Figure 3 Basic Principles of Work-Home

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

2.2.2 Patterns of Use

Different factors affect the use of space by home-based workers in different manners. These factors include- occupation, family structure, personality, and availability of space. Different patterns of use depended upon the occupation being carried out

the family structure of the home-based worker

the personality of the home-based worker

the space available

2.2.3 Public/Private

The relationship between spaces that are public and those that are private is central to the design of the workhome. (Holliss, n.d.)

2.2.4 Flexibility and Adaptability

Workhomes need to be flexible and adaptable as home-based work is not a static phenomenon and it keeps on changing over time.

2.2.5 Spatial Strategy

A workhome forms the spatial relationship between the living and the workplace aspects of the building. Based on degree of spatial separation between the aforementioned, spatial design strategies that have been identified are: 

Live-With – no spatial segregation between the dwelling and the workplace that is accessed from a single entrance.

Live-Adjacent – there is a greater level of segregation between the two functions. These functions take place in different units.

Live-Nearby – the two functions are situated separately in different buildings which are generally at a fairly arbitrary walking distance.

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Chapter 3: Literature Review

3.1 Synthesis Matrix

1 The Work Home: An Architecture

Frances Holliss April2019 The aim of this paperistostudy workhomeeven before the pandemic. It talks about flexible and adaptable houses which were designed back then by great architects.

Also analyses each case study of house which was serving as dualuse.

Also the degree of separation in thesehomes.

-Investigation and analysis of the lives of 76 contemporary home – based workers , the spacesthey inhabit and constraints with which they work. -Literaturestudyof history of work homes and their evolution.Combination ofsociological andarchitecturalm ethodologies.

Courtyard buildings

Apartment buildings with levels of working space

Double height space and mezzanine

A collectivewor kspace fora group offamilies.



Incontextofglobal warming weneed tostopcommuting and become rooted in our neighbourhoods  Because of this arapid increase inthe size of homebased workerslead to challengeto design for homebasedworkisincreased. 

Topic of workhome design has not entered the mainstream

2 Flexible housing:the meanstothe end

Jeremy Till and Tatjana Schneider

03October 2006 This paper examines how a housing can be made more flexible by studying ‘Determinate’ and ‘Indeterminate’ planningthrough some examples ofbuildings.

Itexplores flexibilitythrougha system of ‘Hard’ and ‘soft’

-Principles of Flexibility talk about flexible elements in building construction -How a housing can be made more adaptable.

-It also talks about a need for a typical plan with services in a fixed accessible core.

3 Flexible Housing: TheRoleOf Spatial Organizatio n In Achieving Functional Efficiency

Sayed Raza Hosseini Raviz, Ali Nik Eteghad, Ezequiel Uson Guardiola And Antonio Armesto Aira

July2015 To find out the role of spacial organisation in achieving functional efficiency through the 2 types of flexibilities Flexibilit y by movemen t 

Technical flexibility

-By means of 2 Dutch Flexible housing case studies -Study of Japanese traditional house whichusesflexible furniture

Soft use and soft technology is inclusive, It gives the residents a freedom to decide how they want to divide their space and live in it. It is vernacular in the way it is adaptable according to the change in composition of a family.

-By integrating modular furniture and mobile partitions -Housing typology could become smaller without losingcomfort -Dayandnightuse -Minimal use of furniture -Modularapproach

-Dimensions of the room-vary whenmakingnewspaces -Spatial organization- determines boundariesforfunctions -Interrelated spaces create new spaces -Employing sliding doors, walls andflexibleelements. -Spatial organization provides interactionbetweenthehousehold spacesto achieve functional efficiency.

S.NO

RESEARC H PAPER AUTHOR YEAR OF PUBLICATI ON

AIM METHODOLOG Y PRINCIPLE/STR ATEGY CONCLUSION

OfDualUse

4 Flexibility and Adaptability ofthe Living Spacetothe Changing Needsof Residents

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Monika Magdziak

07/2011

Toprovethatthe flexibility and adaptability of the living space to the changing needs of residents is a determinant of the times in which we live now

-Studiedflexibility ofhousesonthe basisof modernism,open plan,ageand family,timeas fourthdimension, form(open/closed) andlocation (portable& modular).

-smallflats connected internallytobigger apt.

-smallflats connected internallytolarger apartments -designedina minimalist, economicalstyle, notrequiringtime tomaintain

-Adaptationofhousingtouser, no.ofusers,physicallychallenged etc.

-Cateringtochangingneeds -Usingmobility,autonomy -Modularapproach -Prefabricatedmodules

5 Interpretabl e Housing forFreedom oftheBody: The Next Generation of Flexible Homes

Kyung Wook Seo, Chang SungKim

September 16th,2013

The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of providing alternatives in a homesothatthe residents can utilize the space according to their changing needs.

-Discussed the concept of Flexibility in homes -Theoretical ways of designing polyvalenthouses -Analysis of polyvalent houses to understand their spatiallogic

-Homes should be polyvalentinnature -Use of spatial deviceslikeRoomto-Room enfilade and Ring spatial structure.

This research attempted to highlightthe usabilityofinherent adaptabilitywhichhasbeenlostin recenttimes.Inherentadaptability givestheresidentschoicethrough intentional ambiguity. With the use ofspatial devices homes can be designed in a flexible way providing alternatives as well as freedomofthebodytotheusers.

6 Emerging living styles postCOVID-19: housing flexibilityas a fundamental requirement for apartments inJeddah

Donia M. Bettaieb King Abdulaziz, Reem Al Sabban University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

15November 2020 This paper explores the determinants related to the flexibility of residential apartments by looking at the quantitytowhich they meet the new psychological, social and cultural roles requiredviatheir users postCOVID-19

This study was basedonanalytical and inductive approaches.

(1)The qualitative analysis extracted concepts related to the flexibility of housing and developments (2)The results of interviews were analysed, and the problems faced by the participants along with the solutionstheyhave developed were studied.

(3)Proposals were made to develop the flexibility of residential apartments.

-Checking the availability of HQIs,i.e..: Site location, visual impact, layout,openspace, roads, movements andlandscaping. Unitsize,division, noise, light, services, adaptability, accessibility within the unit Sustainability and external environment Understanding of the experiences of the participants in adapting to the quarantinesituation in terms of functionaluse. Understandingthe aspirations of the participants in relation to the structuralchangeof living according to theirnewneeds

-This study looked at the factors that influence the flexibility of residential apartments, specifically how well they fit the changing psychological, social, and cultural responsibilities that their residents demand in the post-COVID-19era. -It resulted in recommendations for laying the groundwork for flexible homedesignandactivatingits functioninthepost-quarantine environment, taking into account social and cultural factors.

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Or dwellings and workplaces - shops, offices, bakeries, restaurants, workshops, consulting rooms, and studios - could alternate along the street. (Holliss, 2015)

In apartment type of buildings, a live adjacent workspace can be created which can be managed by the residents themselves. These spaces would be based upon the user’s requirements. 

Dwellings which have a spacious arrangement can accommodate tiny workplaces and vice versa is applicable. 

Use of courtyards can help in dividing workplace from homes, for e.g. workplace facing street & homes inwards, or homes facing street & workplaces towards courtyard. 

Similar profession users can be located near to each other to promote social interaction between the neighbours/residents.

Occupations which can create disturbances for neighbours, for e.g. sculpture and mechanics, can be accommodated together and a cluster of workhomes can be provided around them to create a kind of buffer. 

Co-working spaces & cafes which provide the basics of working from home like free wifi, can act as an extension to working from home to reduce the feeling of social isolation.  These types of hubs can also be placed in areas with a higher footfall like supermarket, sport centre, etc.

3.3

SurveyAnalysis

A survey was conducted with a sample of 55 individuals ranging from all age groups and a wide range of occupations. A google form was circulated and through this, spatial problems faced by people during the pandemic were identified. After analysing these problems some common points were observed which indicated that the dwelling units of people were not flexible enough for transformation of any space as a workspace. Common points were as follows:

Figure 4 Survey Results

50.9% couldn’t transform their living space into a working space. 30.9% individuals were

It was found that out of all the people surveyed 45.5% people did not have a designated workspace. 

Figure 5 Current level of Satisfaction

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

not satisfied with their current spatial arrangement, 36.4% were not sure if they were satisfied or not and only 18 people were satisfied.

From this data we can say that most of the houses are not flexible enough to function as a workhome in their current state.

From the survey 30 people agreed that there was adequate space available in their living room and 26 people agreed that they have adequate space in their bedrooms. Even though the space is enough, people are not able to use their space efficiently.

Figure 6 Space Adequacy

56.4% people preferred to work in their bedrooms, 23.6% people preferred to work from their living room and 30.9% people created their workspace in other room.

From this we realise the need for our bedrooms to be flexible to be easily transformed into a workspace.

Figure 7 Modifications made by Users

50% individuals suggest the use of multi-functional furniture in their homes and 48.2% individuals suggest the provision of multi-purpose space/room. Figure 8

3.4 Weissenhof- Siedlung Houses 14 and 15

Location: 70191 Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Architect: Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanerette

Design Team: Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanerette, Alfred Roth

Project Year: 1927 Figure 9 Weissenhof House Front View

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Accessibility: Nearest bus stop Stuttgart Birkenwaldstrabe (540m)

3.4.1 Weissenhof Settlement

The Weissenhof houses 14 and 15 were a part of buildings designed for the 1927 exposition organised by Deutscher Werbund. These buildings were designed to be pioneering and innovative which served as an example for many 20th century buildings. They represent the cultural values of Stuttgart, Germany. There were socio-economic transformations due to the turmoil of World War-I. Through the Weissenhof settlement the most famous architects of history perpetrated the idea of an extravagant movement that was in accordance with socio-economic transformation. Mies Van der Rohe was responsible for the assigning of lots and the management of funds. The resulting architecture was a group of a total 21 contemporary buildings out of which only 11 have survived the test of time. All of the buildings had similar elements and were part of the same movement.

3.4.2 Design Strategies



Figure 12 Five Points of architecture by Le Corbusier 1

The structures were made from reinforced concrete to fulfil the Five elements used by Le Corbusier in his structures. 

The living space could be subdivided into multiple sleeping compartments separated by sliding partitions, beds could be pulled out of the closets, hence saving up space.

Figure 13 Five points of architecture by Le Corbusier 2

3.4.3 Design Features

Three levels comprise the two-family structure.

Figure 11 Rear View

Figure 10 Division of lots

It has a central staircase and the units have been planned symmetrically. 

The first floor has a living area behind the stairs with an eating space, a kitchen and a bathroom. 

Long stretch of windows have been provided to maximize natural light. The plan is typical with flexible living and sleeping space. 

The mass of the building seems to be hovering above the ground by the design elements, pilotis, recessed basement and coloured walls. 

The gallery floors and individual rooms on ground are attached to a large central hall which is quite large. 

The living hall opens into a garden facing south which can be used as a relaxing space. Originally, this window contained a narrow conservatory across the entire width.

The top floor has a roof garden, rooms with attached toilet and an attic. 

Characteristic of the free plan are-

No fixed partitions,

Presence of curved mobile partitions 

Figure 14 Floor Plans

The houses were designed to be transformable according to the user. 

The colour scheme of spaces is done so as to provide a different emotional experience in every room.

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Figure 21 Interior view Figure 22 Built-in closet bed Figure 23 Curved partition wall

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Chapter 4: Case Studies

4.1

Primary Case Study

Location: East Kidwai Nagar, Kidwai Nagar New Delhi, Delhi 110023

Accessibility:

About:

Nearest Bus stop: Kidwai Nagar stop (5min)

Nearest Metro station: INA metro station (5min)

7 types of housing units

Tower no.-16

Type 5 and 4th floor

Climate Data:

Figure 24 Climatic data of Delhi

4.1.1 Introduction

A 3BHK government housing in an apartment complex in East Kidwai Nagar, New Delhi. The case selection was made keeping in mind the limitations of the research, through this case an in-depth study of the difficulties faced by the users while Working from Home during Covid-19 restrictions is conducted. A comprehensive analysis of the underlying issues is made, and possible solutions have been discussed for the cultivation of the case towards a preferable WorkHome.

Figure 25 East Kidwai Nagar govt. housing

4.1.2 Problems faced by the residents during Working from Home

too many distractions

noise

no clear segregation of workspace

not an adequate amount of natural light

obstruction in circulation

space provided for the dining table is not adequate

residents feel a constraint of space in the kitchen

4.1.3 Findings

Following are the important findings from a detailed analysis of the case:

• The selected case does not allow transposition in functionality of some spaces

• The planning is determinate which makes it less adaptable.

• Functionality of the spaces is poor. (For Ex.: Spaces are too small to perform the assigned functions, hence resulting in a waste of the space)

• The apartment does not a have a proper wind flow, also ventilation in spaces like Kitchen and Bathroom are poor.

• The working areas like kitchen, working desk do not receive ample natural light.

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Figure 27 Analysis of living room

Figure 28 Analysis of kitchen

Figure 29 Analysis of Bedroom with attached toilet

Figure 30 Analysis of Bedroom 2

• The working areas do not have easily accessible power-points, which causes irritation and broken flow while working from home.

4.1.4 Analysis

To make the space more efficient we should adopt the following strategies: 

Use of flexible furniture 

Use of partition walls  Open plans- flexible enough for users to change them. 

Use of noise insulation for walls and openings.  to remove the rigidity in the plan (spaces can be made adaptable according to the user's needs)  The function should not be fitted in the remaining spaces rather spaces should be made more adaptable for future scenarios.

4.1.5 Suggestions

Following are the suggestions for the enhancement of the case to a flexible work-home:

• The users are currently using two bedrooms, third bedroom is the Guest Bedroom which can be converted into a live-work space, allowing residents of the house to use it as a working space for the most time and used as a room for guests to stay when the need arises.

• Transformable furniture can be used to reduce floor space taken by the furniture. A furniture which allows user to perform their function efficiently and can be put into a corner hence reducing floor space usage.

• Bigger openings with noise insulation should be provided to let inside natural daylight.

4.1.6 Conclusion

A Work-Home is a space which allows users to perform different activities in their life efficiently and a good working space provides flexibility, comfort and increases human potential. Architecture plays an important role in increasing the human potential through, elements like natural lighting, proper ventilation, comfortable furniture, ambience etc. The case analyzed above fails to provide a comfortable and flexible working environment which in turn decreases the productivity of an individual.

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

4.2

Primary Case Study-2

Location: Pocket- F, Dilshad Garden, Delhi- 110095

Accessibility:

About:

Nearest Bus stop: GTB enclave (5 min)

Nearest Metro station: Jhilmil metro station

DDA flats

Tower and residence no- 112- C

Floor- 2nd

Type- 2BHK

Climate Data:

Figure 31 Climate Data of Delhi

4.2.1 Introduction

The house selected for the case study is a 2BHK apartment in DDA flats of pocket F, Dilshad Garden. It is open on two sides and directly faces towards the road. The family consists of 4 members, one old and one young couple. A detailed study of the challenges faced during Covid-19 while working from home has been done.

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

4.2.2 Problems faced by the residence

Less/ no privacy

The living room and bedroom areas are not efficiently designed to serve multi-purposes.

No designated workspace

No special use of central space

The kitchen is too small for two people to stand and work together

Noise problem

Figure 33 Problems Identified

4.2.3 Findings

The space is not utilised optimally

Interior layout of the flat is appropriately done according to size of room.

The living room doesn’t require a large table that has been placed there as it disrupts the circulation.

Figure 34 Living Room

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Also, the TV showcase cabinet takes up potential space  The central transition space which probably was provided as a dining area, is too small in size and doesn’t serve much purpose currently. 

No utility balcony has been provided so washing machine is kept outside washroom and disrupts the circulation space which connects to the bedroom.

Figure 35 Central Space

Figure 36 Entry to Toilet

The bedrooms has very less space for other activities.

No space which can be transformed as a workstation.

The kitchen has an L-shape and is a closed kitchen that doesn’t allow much space for more than one person.

4.2.4 Analysis

To make the space more efficient we should adopt the following strategies:

Open plans- flexible enough for users to change them.

Use of flexible furniture

Use of partition walls

The function should not be fitted in the remaining spaces rather spaces should be made more adaptable for future scenarios.

Use of noise insulation for walls and openings.

to remove the rigidity in the plan (spaces can be made adaptable according to the user's needs)

4.2.5 Suggestions

The bedroom behind the living room and the kitchen’s position can be exchanged.

A utility balcony can be provided to place the washing machine which currently disrupts circulation

The existing balcony has been extended towards the living room to provide better light & ventilation

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Figure 39 Kitchen

Figure 38 Bedroom-1 Figure 37 Master Bedroom

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

 The space behind the existing kitchen can be utilised as a balcony for both the bedrooms  The bedrooms can be designed as transformable workstations.

4.2.6 Conclusion

A Work-Home is a space which allows users to perform different activities in their life efficiently and a good working space provides flexibility, comfort and increases human potential. Architecture plays an important role in increasing the human potential through, elements like natural lighting, proper ventilation, comfortable furniture, ambience etc. The case analyzed above fails to provide a comfortable and flexible working environment as well as a living space which in turn decreases the productivity of an individual.

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

4.3 Modern KyoMachiya Liveable Architecture for Kyoto Yuhei Miyake May 2011(Secondary Case Study)

4.3.1

What is a KyoMachiya?

Machiya are the mixed-use (commercial-residential) townhouses which were developed in many Japanese cities. KyoMachiya is a subgroup of a Machiya, it translates to “capital townhouse”. Machiya are typically made of wood, earthen walls, and baked tile roofs called kawara which made from local materials. (Miyake, 2011)

The KyoMachiya is a long rectangular townhouse. The length of the street front may vary between 12 feet to 120 feet. Many activities and functions take place within these narrow structures. In the dense urban area of Kyoto, the KyoMachiya provides a complete space The KyoMachiya includes both residential and commercial space on the first floor unlike most western mixed-use buildings which generally use the entire first floor for commercial purpose. These narrow and elongated townhouses also provide a hierarchy in privacy. The front that opens to the street is the public store/shop area, further in is the semi-private area where guests and customers are received and entertained, and yet further into the back is the private area where the family lives. (Miyake, 2011) Two small gardens are also incorporated in the townhouse, which provide residents the opportunity to connect with nature in addition to enhancing ventilation. The majority of KyoMachiya were either one or two-story structures, with only a few having a third floor. (Miyake, 2011)

4.3.2 The Site

Location: Nakagyoku

Transportation: 390m from Hankyu Karasuma Station

Value: 517,000 (-7.6% from 2009)

Size: 241m2

Zoning: Commercial/Residence, City Core, Historic District

Floor to Area Ratio (FAR): 400%

The site is rectangular and has one side facing the street. The property is roughly about the average size of a commercial property in central Kyoto which is suitable for a mid-rise apartment building. The site is situated between four KyoMachiya and across from a mid-rise building.

The newly designed prototype has been proposed on a suitable site for a typical KyoMachiya to preserve and promote social activities and local businesses. The compactness of the city and the human scale of the streets is beneficial for people living in the urban center.

Figure 40 Traditional KyoMachiya

Figure 41 Plan and elevation of KyoMachiya

Figure 42 Site Image( Google Earth)

Figure 43 Street view of Site

Figure 44 Facade Elevation

4.3.3 Program

The prototype contains seven residential units and one commercial space. 

It will have five floors. It is suggested that it be constructed with steel. 

The commercial space provided is 60 Sq.m, and the seven residential units range from 56.69 square meters to 124.7 square meters. 

The commercial space is connected to the twobedroom unit above to promote local commercial business.

Typology of the units provided: 

Four one-bedroom units,

One two-bedroom unit with a commercial space,

Two three-bedroom units 

Each unit has at least one bicycle parking space.

Figure 45 Section of prototype

Since almost 50% of the households in Nakagyoku reside individuals therefore minimum 50% of the units should be one bedroom.

4.3.4 Design Analysis: Massing

1) The maximum buildable height is 18m. Total number of floors is 5.

2) To provide natural ventilation to the units as well the surrounding buildings a large courtyard has been provided As the spatial characteristics of a KyoMachiya the courtyard is open to public and can be accessed by an elongated corridor.

Figure 46 One Bedroom unit plan

Figure 47 Massing 1 Figure 48 Massing 2

3) A backyard is incorporated to provide daylight and ventilation. Setbacks are provided to reduce the impact of street level massing and to make provision of daylight on ground level.

Figure 49 Massing 3

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

4.3.5 Design Guidelines

Figure 50 Design Guidelines chart

4.3.6 Analysis

Public & Private spaces have been segregated in a way where public spaces have been provided on the lower level

Semi-private spaces have been provided to create more community interactions.

Innovation in the traditional model of KyoMachiya, which was already a Workhome, to create better spaces for the people.

Use of partition walls (shoji screens) to divide spaces for different activities which can be modified later according to user.

A multi-purpose space for different activities and when not needed it can be merged with the living room by removing partition walls.

Modification of a single unit can be done without hampering with other units.

The modern KyoMachiya should welcome any new innovations.

4.3.7 Inferences

Community-

o To increase social interactions, more semi-public spaces for recreation.

o Pavements instead of hard landscaping in the driveways can increase pedestrian friendliness.

o All units can be accessed directly from the main street.

Mixed use-

o The lower 2 floors to be designed as commercial spaces, to increase interactions between the local communities.

o Commercial spaces to open directly into the street.

o For easy monitoring, corridors & stairs should directly face the courtyards.

o This also promotes the local businesses.

Environment-

o Terraces which directly face the street should have a buffer space.

o Courtyards should be provided/incorporated for better light & ventilation.

o Transitional spaces like Engawa (porch or sunroom) can be provided.

Flexible Planning Techniques-

o Sliding doors can be used to create a modular system, to cater to different user needs.

o Flexible planning should allow for every unit to be renovated separately (doesn’t share a wall with other residence).

Façade-

o The façade should respond to its local context.

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

4.4 All I Own House in Madrid, Spain

4.4.1

About

Architects: PKMN Architectures

Project: All I Own House

Location: Madrid, Spain

Client: Yolanda R. Pila

Structural Engineer: Mecanismo SL

Date: Jan-Aug 2014

The house has a single storey. Although it is quite small, but it flaunts an extensive garden area in the back. “All I Own House is a project that materialises the interior of a house through its inhabitant personal belongings.” (Singhal, 2015)

4.4.2 Program

The big idea behind the making of this house was based on the relationship that a user forms with their personal belongings.

- The compartments that can be seen in the image are made up of wood and provide a total storage of 11.27 m3

- They serve many purposes like a bookshelf, a storage cupboard, a bed, a counter table for kitchen work and a closet too.

- The 1st unit is for kitchen & studio, which has a counter for working in the kitchen and a blackboard on the other side for the studio.

Figure 52 Working Studio Figure 51 Kitchen

- The 2nd unit serves the bedroom & library/bookshelf, it has a mounted bed on one side & a shelf to keep books on the other.

- 3rd unit serves dressing room and bathroom, it has a closet and shoe cupboard space.

Figure 58 Toilet

- Each compartment, when full, has a weight of 500-800kg. But, it is mobile and can be easily moved with hands.

- The different rooms are divided by the units themselves.

- First, the studio, which lies between the 1st & the 2nd compartments has a total area of 15 m2. It is basically located between the kitchen & the bedroom.

Figure 59 Plan-1

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Figure 56 Easily moveable compartment

Figure 55 Sliding Compartment

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

- As all the compartments collapse towards the kitchen, a 14.8 m2 dressing room which also acts as a yoga studio opens up with bathroom & closet on either side.

- The sizes of all spaces are flexible and can be adjusted according to user’s needs.

Figure 61 Sliding Screen

Figure 60 Plan-2

- A sliding screen acts as an element which can provide privacy to any room whenever needed.

- Opposite to these flexible areas is a 23.2 m2 living room which is fixed.

Figure 62 Plan-3

4.4.3 Analysis

Open Plan- The house doesn’t have any internal walls, but uses moveable partitions in its place in order to achieve flexibility.

The space created by the moveable partitions/ compartments also achieve day & night usage.

The whole house is designed to function as a ‘multi-purpose’ space and thus, the design is said to be ‘soft’ and not rigid.

The planning allows the inhabitant to use the space anyway they want at any time of the day.

All furniture, used in the house, is multi-functional & mobile.

The 3 compartments used move easily and act as a partition wall for multiple spaces created in between them.

Figure 63 Garden Area

4.4.4 Inferences

A house when in its design stage should be made with an open plan so as to provide user with the flexibility to change the space according to their needs.

Multi-purpose spaces should be provided, to achieve day & night use of space.

Multi-functional furniture becomes an important asset when making a house flexible. Correct choice of such furniture is very important.

Rigidity of the plan should be reduced to minimum.

4.5 Identiti Advertising House, Kochi, India

4.5.1 About Location: Kochi, India Year: 2017 Built Area: 3600 Sft Design Team: Krishnan Varma, Vanessa Meister, Anila Cherian, Sruthi Vijay

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

The Identiti Advertising owner renovated his house to bring this business in vicinity of his home. Thus, a live-work unit has been designed to match their requirement.

4.5.2 Program

The building is designed as a live-work unit which serves an office for about 20 employees as well as home for a joint family.

The façade is designed to be distinct from its context.

An inside out approach has been used to create spaces that fulfil the space requirements of every floor

The office that is located on the ground floor is predominantly column free.

Figure 64 Before and after Rennovation

Figure 65 Cement Lattice Facade

Figure 67 Meeting Space

Figure 66 Office Space on Ground Floor

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Parents’ apartment and sons’ apartment are located on first and second floors respectively, which are designed as live units. 

Apartment on the first floor has been designed according to parents’ needs therefore incorporates a traditional closed kitchen and a utility terrace.

To the contrary sons’ apartment on the second floor is rather designed as an open plan unit.

Each floor comprises of ferrous oxide walls with built-in lighting features

On the eastern façade, a cement lattice has been provided to create visual privacy from other residences and it also create a play of light and shadow inside the house.

The two balconies of the residential floors have been connected

4.5.3 Analysis

The unit has been designed as a Live-Adjacent unit.

The working area is kept till the ground floor only to keep the business area separate as well as connected to the home for travel time reduction.

The ground floor has been kept mostly column free, which enables more flexibility in the space 

Figure 68 Plans of different Levels

The user’s needs are kept in mind and thus the first floor is designed according to the parents needs and includes a closed kitchen. 

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

A light and shadow play has been created by using a cement lattice. It also creates visual privacy.

4.5.4 Inferences

Live-adjacent units like a machiya can create a connection between work and home.

It also reduces travel time.

Live-adjacent working unit can also help in separating work and life but also keeps it close.

A flexible unit is a one which has user’s need integrated in it. 

Cement lattices can make for good ventilation and good daylight and provide necessary privacy.

4.6 NDT TLC Home, Vietnam

4.6.1

About

Architects: Kien Truc NDT

Area: 80 m² Year: 2017

City: Hoàn Sơn

Country: Vietnam

This is a typical tube house in Vietnam with the common feature of a narrow facade and an elongated living area. The house is designed for a young couple with two young children. (Abdel, n.d.)

4.6.2 Program

Total ground coverage of the project is 80m2 (4m x 20m). 

The main façade is north facing. 

The project displays a façade which goes deeper as the floors go higher. Due to this an outdoor buffer space has been created in the front.

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

As envisioned by the owner, the outdoor buffer space helps connect to nature and relax and makes the house more private. 

The balconies also help in the residents to interact with each other on different levels.

The house has plenty of natural light and ventilation due to this.

The staircase, which connects the two separate areas of the house, is arranged with a large void in the middle of the house, topped by a glass roof.

This increases natural light and ventilation with better connectivity to other floors.

This also reduces the stuffiness that people feel in the enclosed staircases.

An additional void has been created to increase the level of privacy from neighbouring houses and to reduce the impact of direct sunlight inside the house.

Figure 72 Floor Plans

Figure 73 Floor Plans

4.6.3 Analysis

Open plan – the planning has been done in a manner that there are very less internal walls.

Due to the linearity of the plot, they have included voids in the design to maximize the natural light and ventilation.

The recessed floors increase the opportunity to create outdoor spaces to promote interaction between the residents.

The third-floor acts as a working space/multi-purpose space.

Although the rooftop has a terrace, but it seems inaccessible.

4.6.4 Inferences

Even compact homes can be made flexible with the correct designing techniques.

Less internal walls in a linear arrangement can help in achieving flexibility.

Multi-purpose space can help achieve day-night usage of space. For example: - it can be

Figure 76 Central Void Figure 74

used as a working space during the day and cater to guest at night.

From this case study it can be concluded, that having large spaces does not mean more flexibility. User requirements can be fulfilled even in smaller flexible spaces.

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Terrace Figure 75 Front View

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

4.7 NGOC House, Vietnam

4.7.1

About

Architects: Story Architecture

Area: 100 m² Year: 2020

City: Ho Chi Minh City Country: Vietnam

This house is designed as a tube house in Vietnam for a family having grandparents, parents and children.

4.7.2

Program

The house is designed based on the user’s requirement keeping the privacy intact at the same time maintaining the connection between different spaces.

To show the connection of different levels through the staircase, the space adjacent to it is kept as a void providing natural light and ventilation.

A loggia from each bedroom opens into the central void providing the members a relaxation space.

Figure 79 Loggia and Staircase

Figure 77 Central Void Figure 78 Section



On the ground floor, landing has been extended to create a private play area for the children. 

At the back of the house a yard space has been created for light, ventilation and for the family members to eat and relax. 

To make the house more secure folding doors have been provided in the façade, which also acts like a sunshade. 

These sunshades when open can provide light and ventilation and be closed to restrict the view from outside and maintain privacy.

Figure 84 Front View

Figure 85 Floor Plans

Figure 83 Floor Plans

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Figure 82 Play Area

Figure 81 Backyard

Figure 80 Backyard

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Figure 88 Floor Plan

Figure 89 Floor Plan

Figure 87 Roof Plan

Figure 86 Elevation

4.7.3 Analysis



Figure 90 Section

As analysed above, the linearity of the tube house creates an opportunity for using less internal walls and so creating more flexible spaces in less area.

 The house has a multi-purpose/working space on first floor which also helps achieve day & night usage.

Figure 91 Multi-purpose/Working Space

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Some spaces have been designed as a multi-functional, for example, the landing of the stairs which opens and expands up to living room also serves as a playing space for children. 

The facade is also flexible as it serves many functions. It acts as a sunshade, a privacy element, a source of light & ventilation and provides safety from intruders. 

Light & shadow play can also be seen in the void as its top is covered by glass and some beams create a pergola effect. 

Voids play a large role in the light & ventilation of these houses.

4.7.4 Inferences

Designated space to work from home.

Loggia adjacent to bedrooms.

Central void with glass on roof brings in natural light during the day, which helps in reducing the use of artificial light. 

Small spaces such as the landing of stairs can be used efficiently if designed to work as a multifunctional space. 

Cross-ventilation in small plots can be achieved by creating a void in between spaces 

Design elements can help in making a space flexible. For example, folding doors on the outer side of balcony provides security as they restrict the inside view to outsiders and can also work as sunshades in summers.

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Chapter 5: Proposal for Remodelling of Primary Case Studies

5.1 Primary case study- East Kidwai Nagar

5.1.1 Changes Proposed

• The users are currently using two bedrooms, third bedroom is the Guest Bedroom which can be converted into a live-work space, allowing residents of the house to use it as a working space for the most time and used as a room for guests to stay when the need arises.

• Transformable furniture can be used to reduce floor space taken by the furniture. A furniture which allows user to perform their function efficiently and can be put into a corner hence reducing floor space usage.

• Bigger openings with noise insulation should be provided to let inside natural daylight.

• Vestibule ( small partition near the entry)

• Modular table and transformable sofa in living room ( if anyone wants to work there)

• 4-6 seat foldable dining table ( which can be pulled out when guests are over)

• washroom shifted due to which bedroom area extended( space for a foldable study is created)

• Sofa cum bed is used to increase floor space.

• Foldable working table in master bedroom.

• No TV units in the bedrooms, to ensure social interaction.

• third bedroom transformed into multi-purpose room

• day use- working/ other activities

• night use- bedroom

• Kitchen- l shaped slab, so that opposite side is free for circulation.

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

5.2 Primary case study- Dilshad Garden

5.2.1 Changes Proposed

The entry can be made indirect using a wooden mobile partition.

The bedroom behind the living room and the kitchen’s position can be exchanged.

A utility balcony can be provided to place the washing machine which currently disrupts circulation

The existing balcony has been extended towards the living room to provide better light & ventilation

The space behind the existing kitchen can be utilised as a balcony for both the bedrooms

The bedrooms can be designed as transformable workstations.

An open kitchen can be provided in the living room, which also has a dining area. So, the living room doesn’t seem stuffy.

One of the washrooms can be connected to the master bedroom and the other one can serve as a common washroom.

•

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

• Room: Dining Area

• PRODUCT: Queen Transforming Wall Bed with Sofa

• ROOM: Master Bedroom

• PRODUCT: OET ® Alloy Steel Multipurpose Portable Laptop Study Table Desk with Caster Wheels

• ROOM: Bedroom

• COST: 2000

Figure 102 Transforming Wall Bed with Sofa Figure 103 Side Table

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

• PRODUCT: hydraulic Height Adjustable Table

• ROOM: multi-purpose Room

• COST: Rs 17700

Figure 104 Hydraulic Table

• PRODUCT: Medium Floor Standing Table with Shelves

• ROOM: Transition space connecting living room with other rooms

• COST: Rs 24,490

Figure 105 Standing Table with Shelves

• PRODUCT: Indiana wall bed with sofa

• ROOM: Bedrooms

• COST: Rs 124999

Figure 106 Wall Bed with Sofa

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

• PRODUCT: Capra 6 seat folding dining table set

• ROOM: Dining Area

• COST: rs.48,316

• PRODUCT: Paris - The Two Seater Sofa / Queen Size Bed

• COST: Rs.21,990.00

Figure 107 Folding Dining Table Figure 108 Transformable Sofa/Bed

• PRODUCT: Wooden Partition walls

• ROOM: In foyer for indirect entry to living room

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

5.4 Acoustical Solutions

5.4.1 Acoustic absorbers • The purpose is to absorb the sound which Incase not treated get reflected back inside the room. • Fibrous material absorbs better, whereas denser material are usually less absorbent.

Acoustic materials

•

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Sound Reflectors

Sound absorbers types –

• Acoustical foam panels

• Fabric wrapped panels

• Acoustical wall coverings

• Ceiling tiles

• Baffles and banners for ceiling

• Fibre glass blankets and roll

Acoustic foam panels:

These products can be applied directly to walls, hung as baffles or used as freestanding absorbers. Price – Rs.280/sq ft includes GST

Acoustic wall covering:

Ceiling tiles:

Chapter 6: Conclusion

From the above research we can conclude that even though a workhome is a new concept in India. But in the recent times of the pandemic, it was observed that there is a high need for our homes to function as a workhome.

Through the two government housing units that have been remodelled above the difference is clear that the homes are not designed to be flexible. This can be solved by keeping in mind to design homes as an open plan which will provide the user the flexibility to transform their space according to their requirements. Interior elements like mobile partitions and multi-functional furniture also plays an important role in the making of a flexible workhome. Although, multi-functional furniture can be costly, but it is a long-term investment. It will save a lot of space a single unit can be used in multiple ways.

Taking the current pandemic into account workhomes will become the need of the hour in the near future. This evolution of a dwelling as a workhome can open a new chapter in the Indian housing sector.

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Chapter 7: References

Abdel, H., n.d. NDT TLC Home/ Kien Truc NDT. [Online] Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/945841/ndt-tlc-home-kien-truc-ndt

Anon., n.d. The History, Evolution and Future of Remote Work.. [Online] Available at: https://weworkremotely.com/history-of-remote-work [Accessed September 2021].

Grover S, S. S. M. A. A. A. T. A. S. A. P. A. R. G. S. G. M. K. C. K. R. N. V. M. S. O. D. P. C. R. G. R. G. S. S. S. S. R. T. K. V. J. R. Y. P., 2020. Psychological impact of COVID-19 lockdown: An online survey from India. IndianJPsychiatry.

Holliss, F., 2015. BeyondLive/Work-TheArchitectureofHomeBasedWork. s.l.:Routledge.

Holliss, F., n.d. The Workhome Project. [Online] Available at: http://www.theworkhome.com/principles/ [Accessed September 2021].

Miyake, Y., 2011. Modern KyoMachiya Liveable Architecture for Kyoto.

Miyake, Y., 2011. Modern KyoMachiya Liveable Architecture for Kyoto.

Miyake, Y., 2011. Modern KyoMachiya Liveable Architecture for Kyoto.

Singhal, S., 2015. All I Own House in Madrid, Spain by PKMN Architects. 7 May.

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Spatial Woes of Work from Home: Residence as a Multi-Dimensional Space (B.Arch. 2018-2023)

Chapter 8: Appendix

1) Name

2) Age

3) Occupation

4) Which type of dwelling unit do you reside in?

5) How many family members are there in your family and to which age group do each of them belong to and how many members are there?

6) What problems do the different family members face related to design of the house while working/studying?

7) What kind of spaces would you like to add in your current house/dwelling unit which can make usage of space flexible (can be used in many manners)?

8) What are the biggest challenges you are currently facing while working from home?

9) Do you have a dedicated workspace where you can work from your home? (If yes, please specify, if no then mention where do you prefer working from home)

10) How satisfied are you with your current work from home arrangement?

11) Can a space which is serving a particular function, be modified to serve a different purpose? (eg. Dining area as work area) (if yes, please mention)

12) Do you feel that sufficient space has been provided for a particular function to take place?

13) What modifications have you already made in your house to make it function as a workhome?

14) What modifications would you like to suggest in the design of a residence to make it suitable for work from home? (refer to the image below)

15) How satisfied are you with the daylight availability while working/studying?

16) How satisfied are you with the Ventilation while working/studying?

17) What is your idea of a good WorkHome?