Protyle Magazine May Issue by Kuldeep Sarvaiya

Issue 7 Type 2 Diabetes……. 4 Island Fox……. 7 Braille Smart Phone……. 12 Taj Mahal : Tomb or Temple……. 16 Omega 3 Fatty Acid……. 20 Snake Myths……. 23 Oggy and 3 Cockroaches……. 26 Satellite……. 30

May 2013

Issue 7

May 2013

Editor’s Page Hello readers, Summer is at its peak now a days and its too Hot around everywhere. But guess what its your one of the favorite time of Year. Yes its vacation and Everybody is planning to go to some Cool places in this vacation. Some might already been there in some of the finest places. Its vacation time for us and we enjoy it fully by playing cricket, Computer games or hanging out with friends. But dear fellows don’t forget to show some care to nature. The rise in temperature every year due to Global warming is due to the deforestation, increase in pollution and some other “Great Human Deeds”. If we do not make steps on right time it one day the situation will come of Now or Never. I know most of us want to act in that situation only but it is better to “Dig well before the House is on fire”. So Carry out some of the activities like Plantation in Neighborhood, removal of waste from your neighborhood and some short awareness program in locality. The summer has same effect on all the animals present on the earth. They too get thirsty in summer. It is not as easy as opening the Fridge door and taking out the water bottle. They need to wander here and there to get water which can fulfill their thirst. Sometime they found the water but it is of so poor quality that even today’s best RO can’t purify them, but they have to drink them. This causes death of many street dogs and other animals. The same case happens with the Birds too. They fly house to house in search of few drops of water but they don’t find it and finally fall off on ground and die due to thirst. Some of so called “Kind hearted people” then pour water on that dead body. We request you that, if you want to show your kindness then show by keeping the fresh water at your home tied to tree in suitable container. Keep water outside your house for street dogs and other animals. Believe me this is not going to make scarcity of water in your area. If you don’t have time to carry out such activity just donate us some cash and we will use that to put the containers in your area along with the system to fill the water in them. We are running one more program under Protyle magazine and that is

Issue 7

May 2013

“Recycle for Knowledge”. Under this program we are going to collect the paper and plastic waste from your society or institution, we will sell the waste to recycling industry and the money thus generated will be used to either provide you printed issues of the Protyle magazine or we will carry out betterment program for kids in your society. In case of institutions we will provide you with some of the good books or the decorative plants whichever option they choose. We have lots of other options too for you which will be given in exchange of the waste you provide us. We are soon going to start the program “Protyle Species” under which we are planning to create world’s largest database about the species identified till today. It will include their every minute details available in the records. You can be our volunteer in this work and can give us your contribution by writing articles or providing other information. We also have launched one website of our own www.protylemagazine.in which the official website of the magazine. Here you can find all the issues of the magazine published till date. You can read them online or else you can download them as PDF file. The upcoming project we are going to carry out is to launch the magazine for android system. We are going to add our magazine to Google Playstore and you can access directly from there. We have taken this step to increase our reach and take part in Globalization.

We are on facebook. Like our official page by following the link:https://www.facebook.com/Protylemag

Editor Kuldeep K Sarvaiya Protyle magazine

Issue 7

Type 2 Diabetes

May 2013

Disease

Introduction Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. This is in contrast to diabetes mellitus type 1, in which there is an absolute insulin deficiency due to destruction of islet cells in the pancreas.

Signs and Symptoms

Complications Two to four times the risk of cardiovascular disease, including ischemic heart disease and stroke; a 20-fold increase in lower limb amputations, and increased rates of hospitalizations. In the developed world, and increasingly elsewhere, type 2 diabetes is the largest cause of non-traumatic blindness and kidney failure. It has also been associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction and dementia through disease processes such as Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Other complications include: acanthosisnigricans, sexual dysfunction, and frequent infections.

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Causes Lifestyle Obesity , lack of physical activity, poor diet, stress, and urbanization. Consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks in excess is associated with an increased risk. The type of fats in the diet are also important, with saturated fats and trans fatty acids increasing the risk and polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat decreasing the risk. Eating lots of white rice appears to also play a role in increasing risk. A lack of exercise is believed to cause 7% of cases. Genetics As of 2011, more than 36 genes have been found that contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes. The TCF7L2allele, for example, increases the risk of developing diabetes by 1.5 times and is the greatest risk of the common genetic variants. There are a number of rare cases of diabetes that arise due to an abnormality in a single gene. These include maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), Donohue syndrome, and Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, among others. Medical conditions Glucocorticoids, thiazides, beta blockers, atypical antipsychotics, and statins. Those who have previously had gestational diabetes are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Other health problems that are associated include: acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, and certain cancers such as glucagonomas. Testosterone deficiency is also associated with type 2 diabetes.

Diagnosis 2 hour glucose

Fasting glucose

HbA1c

mmol/l(mg/dl)

Normal

<7.8 (<140)

<6.1 (<110)

<6.0

Impaired fasting glycaemia

<7.8 (<140)

≥ 6.1(≥110) &<7.0 (<126)

6.0–6.4

Impaired glucose tolerance

≥7.8 (≥140)

<7.0 (<126)

6.0–6.4

Diabetes mellitus

≥11.1 (≥200)

≥7.0 (≥126)

≥6.5

Condition

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May 2013

Prevention Onset of type 2 diabetes can be delayed or prevented through proper nutrition and regular exercise. Intensive lifestyle measures may reduce the risk by over half. The benefit of exercise occurs regardless of the person's initial weight or subsequent weight loss. In those with impaired glucose tolerance, diet and exercise either alone or in combination with metformin or acarbose may decrease the risk of developing diabetes. Lifestyle interventions are more effective than metformin.

Pathophysiology Type 2 diabetes is due to insufficient insulin production from beta cells in the setting of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance, which is the inability of cells to respond adequately to normal levels of insulin, occurs primarily within the muscles, liver, and fat tissue. In the liver, insulin normally suppresses glucose release. However, in the setting of insulin resistance, the liver inappropriately releases glucose into the blood.

Management Management of type 2 diabetes focuses on lifestyle interventions, lowering other cardiovascular risk factors, and maintaining blood glucose levels in the normal range. Aerobic exercise leads to a decrease in HbA1c and improved insulin sensitivity. Resistance training is also useful and the combination of both types of exercise may be most effective. A diabetic diet that promotes weight loss is important. Medications Metformin is generally recommended as a first line treatment as there is some evidence that it decreases mortality. Other classes of medications include: sulfonylureas, nonsulfonylurea secretagogues, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.

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May 2013

Island Fox The island fox (Urocyonlittoralis) is a small fox that is native to six of the eight Channel Islands of California. There are six subspecies of the fox, each unique to the island it lives on, reflecting its evolutionary history.

Endangered

Status :Critically Endangered Population : Around 250 Individuals Scientific Name : Urocyon littoralis Weight : 1—2.8 kg

Characteristics The island fox is significantly smaller than the gray fox and perhaps the smallest fox in North America, averaging slightly smaller than the swift and kit foxes. Typically the head-and-body length is 48–50 cm (18–20 in.), shoulder height 12–15 cm (4–6 in.), and the tail is 11–29 cm (4–11 in.) long, which is notably shorter than the 27–44 cm (10–17 in.) tail of the gray fox. The island fox weighs between 1 and 2.8 kg (2.2 and 6.2 lb). The male is always larger than the female. The largest of the subspecies occurs on Santa Catalina Island and the smallest on Santa Cruz Island. The island fox has gray fur on its head, a ruddy red coloring on its sides, white fur on its belly, throat and the lower half of its face, and a black stripe on the dorsal surface of its tail. In general the coat is darker and duller hued than that of the gray fox. The island fox molts once a year between August and November. Before the first molt pups are woolly and have a generally darker coat than adult foxes.

Fox Captived in Zoo

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May 2013

Ecology and Behavior Its preferred habitat is complex layer vegetation with a high density of woody, perennially fruiting shrubs. The fox lives in all of the island biomes including temperate forest, temperate grassland and chaparral, with no island supporting more than 1,000 foxes. The island fox eats fruits, insects, birds, eggs, crabs, lizards, and small mammals, including deer mice. The fox tends to move around by itself, rather than in packs. It is generally nocturnal, albeit with peaks of activity at dawn and dusk. Activity also fluctuates with the season; it is more active during the day in summer than it is in winter.

Conservation Status A decline in island fox populations was identified in the 1990s. On San Miguel Island the decline began in 1994, the adult population falling from 450 to 15 in 1999. Similar population declines were discovered on Santa Cruz Island, where the population decreased from 2,000 adults in 1994 to less than 135 in 2000, and on Santa Rosa Island where foxes may have numbered more than 1,500 in 1994 but were reduced to 14 animals by 2000. Golden eagle predation, discovered when foxes were radio-collared and monitored, proved to be the cause of the high mortality rates. It has also been proposed that complete removal of golden eagles may be the only action that could save three subspecies of the island fox from extinction. However, the pigs on Santa Cruz Island were killed by the Nature Conservancy under the idea that they brought the eagles to the foxes. Introduced diseases or parasites can devastate island fox populations. Because the island fox is isolated, it has no immunity to parasites and diseases brought in from the mainland and are especially vulnerable to those the domestic dog may carry. A canine distemper outbreak in 1998 killed approximately 90% of Santa Catalina Island's fox population.

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Diminished food supply and general degradation of the habitat due to introduced mammal species, including feral cats, pigs, sheep, goats, and American bison, the latter having been introduced to Catalina Island in the 1920s by a Hollywood film crew shooting a Western, also has had a negative effect on fox populations.

Island Fox in its Natural Habitat

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Federal protection In March 2004, four subspecies of the island fox were classified as a federally protected endangered species: the Santa Cruz island fox, Santa Rosa island fox, San Miguel island fox and the Santa Catalina island fox. The IUCN lists the entire species as critically endangered. The National Parks Service has initiated captive fox breeding programs on San Miguel, Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz Islands, successfully increasing the numbers of resident foxes. In 2004, there were 38 San Miguel island foxes, all in captivity; 46 foxes in captivity on Santa Rosa Island and 7 in the wild (golden eagle predation prevented the release of captive foxes into the wild); Santa Cruz Island had 25 captive foxes and a stable wild population of around 100 foxes. The Catalina Island Conservancy also runs a captive breeding program on Catalina Island; in 2002, there were 17 foxes in captive breeding programs and at least 161 wild foxes. A key to the recovery of the island fox is the removal of the golden eagle from the Channel Islands, ecosystem restoration and disease control. To ensure survival of the island fox, golden eagles are being moved from the northern islands to the mainland. Maintaining and increasing the bald eagle population on the islands would help to displace the golden eagle.

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May 2013

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So if you are interested to advertise with us mail me at sarvaiyakuldeep5393@gmail.com Mobile:- 9033240961 9016550072

Issue 7

May 2013

Technology

Braille Smart Phone

Braille â&#x20AC;&#x201D; What it Means? Braille is a tactile writing system used by the blind and the visually impaired, and found in books, on menus, signs, elevator buttons, and currency. Braille-users can read computer screens and other electronic supports thanks to refreshable braille displays. They can write braille with a slate and stylus or type it on a braille writer, such as a portable braille note-taker, or on a computer that prints with a braille embosser.

How Blind people could Use the Technology? According to the World Health Organization, India has the largest visually impaired population in the world, with an estimated 62.7 million people who are

either

blind

sight-impaired.

For

all

their

advantages, smart phones still fall a little short for some â&#x20AC;&#x201D; specifically, for those living with visual impairment. While apps like Siri and SayText do offer a good deal of assistance, 2011 TED Fellow Sumit Dagar had an idea for a more effective solution: a smartphone that's specifically designed for people who have trouble seeing.

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May 2013

Profile An Indian interaction designer and filmmaker working on the Braille Phone, a mobile phone for the blind. Education: National Institute of Design (PG in NID Bangalore, in Information and Interface Design.) • DA-IICT (BTech,2008) Achievements: • 2011 TED Fellow • 2012 Young Laureate Rolex Awards for Excellence! and many. •

What He says "We have created the world's first Braille smartphone," says its innovator, SumitDagar, whose company is being incubated at the Centre for Innovation Incubation and Entrepreneurship, located in IIM Ahmedabad campus. "This product is based on an innovative 'touch screen' which is capable of elevating and depressing the contents it receives to transform them into 'touchable' patterns". “Technology is giving everyone superpowers, but many blind people are not able to tap into these cool new features, and the technology is making them even more disabled. So I decided to do something that could reach out to this population.”

How it Works? The smartphone uses Shape Memory Alloy technology, based on the concept that metals remember their original shapes, i.e. expand and contract to its original shape after use. The phone's 'screen' has a grid of pins, which move up and down as per requirement. The grid has a Braille display, where pins come up to represent a character or letter.

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May 2013

This screen will be capable of elevating and depressing the contents to form patterns in Braille. All other elements are like any other smartphone. The Braille phone will use a simple framework: the screen technology will use pixels to vary height, rather than color, as on a normal smartphone.

Functioning A high-resolution screen would thus be capable of conveying simple Braille text, as well as various shapes, figures and maps. Users would be able to “view” a face using the sense of touch, or follow a map to find their way home. Or even play a game of noughts and crosses. The screen would also be touch-responsive like existing smartphones, so users could input information, make phone calls easily and comfortably undertake many daily tasks, thus transforming the lives of India’s blind people.

Price: The phone will retail for about $185, and the team hopes to release it by the end of 2013.

Article By Vivek Parekh

Issue 7

May 2013

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Issue 7

16 Taj Mahal Tomb Or Temple?

May 2013

Trending

This is world wide belief that, one of the Wonder of world “ Taj Mahal”, the Symbol of love was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan for his Wife Mumtaj Mahal. Everyone knows this story and everyone believes this. The First person to challenge this belief was Indian Author Shri P. N. Oak. He write in his book “The secrets of Taj Mahal” that originally it was the Hindu temple of Lord Shiva named “Tejo Mahalaya”. It was the property of King of Jaipur and Shah Jahan took it forcefully from him. He made some of the changes in the original building and Give name “Taj Mahal”. He has given lots of other points which are saying that the Taj Mahal is Tejo Mahalaya. I am listing some of them: • The Structure of Dome of Taj is never seen in any Muslim Tomb but it has more similarities with Hindu temples. • The C14 carbon dating technique used on one of the door of Taj Mahal was found to be 300 older than death of Mumtaj. • The presence of Lotus on the front gate indicates its Hindu Origin. • All believe that it is a symbol of love of Shah Jahan for Mumtaj Mahal, but there is no Historical evidence about the great love between Shah Jahan and Mumtaj. There are more than 100 claims which emphasizes that it is of Hindu origin and it is Tejo Mahalaya and not the Taj Mahal.

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There are some counter attack too from some researchers. They claim that it is made by Shah Jahan Himself. They Explain their claim by giving reference of Letter of Aurangjeb, the book called “Shahnama”, and notes of some British visitors. So this discussion is never ending one till the proper research is done by scientists in presence of UNESCO members. Indian Government must allow the researcher to do research and come with a conclusion to have full stop on this debate. There are lots of chambers in the Taj Mahal which are sealed with bricks and are not accessible by Common people. This has led to increase in the suspense about the Taj. If you want further information on this topic you can Google the term “Real History of Taj Mahal” or you can read the book of Shri P. N. Oak.

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May 2013

Pict-o-graph

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May 2013

Pict-o-graph

Amazing Bhedaghat

Photo Credit Harni Patel

Issue 7

Omega 3 Fatty Acids

May 2013

Drug Dose

Introduction Omega-3 fatty acids, also known as PUFA (Poly Unsaturated Fatty acids) because of the presence of double bond in their structure, are essential fatty acids, i.e. , they are necessary for human health but our body can’t synthesize it. So we need to obtain them from diet. Omega-3 fatty acids play a crucial role in brain function, as well as normal growth and development. They have also become popular because they may reduce the risk of heart disease.

Source These are commonly found in some • Fish such as salmon, tuna, halibut etc. • Plant oil such as flaxseed, hemp oil etc. • Nuts such as walnut.

Mechanism Of Action Omega-3 fatty acids are found to decrease cardiovascular (heart) disorders and nervous system related disorders as they decrease the inflammation in the body. • They also improve the HDL (High Density Lipid-good lipid) level and decreases triglyceride level, but don’t have significant effect on LDL (Low Density Lipid- bad lipid) level. Research suggest that, • decrease risk for arrhythmias, which can lead to sudden cardiac death. • decrease risk for thrombosis, which can lead to heart attack and stroke. • decrease triglyceride and remnant lipoprotein levels. • decrease rate of growth of the atherosclerotic plaque. • improve endothelial function. • (slightly) lower blood pressure. • reduce inflammatory responses. •

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Uses High Cholesterol In Eskimos heart disease is found to be the least cause of death. This is because their diet tends to increase the HDL level which promotes the heart health. Fish oil supplements reduce triglyceride levels. Walnuts (which are rich in alpha linoleic acid or ANA, which converts to omega-3s in the body) have been reported to lower total cholesterol and triglycerides in people with high cholesterol levels. • Heart disease People with diabetes often have high triglyceride and low HDL levels. Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil can help lower triglycerides and apoproteins (markers of diabetes), and raise HDL. • High blood pressure • Schizophrenia • Heart disease • Cognitive decline • Rheumatoid arthritis • Skin disorders • Osteoporosis • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) • Depression • Asthma • Bipolar disorder •

•

Breast cancer

Dose Children (18 years and younger) There is no established dose for children. Omega-3 fatty acids are used in some infant formulas. Fish oil capsules should not be used in children except under the direction of a health care provider. Children should avoid eating fish that may be high in mercury, such as shark, swordfish, king mackerel, and tilefish.

Adults Daily uptake of more than 3 grams of omega 3 fatty acid may increase the risk of bleeding.

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Available Forms •

• •

Main two forms EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid – 20 carbon and 5 double bonds) and DHA(decosahexenoic acid – 18 carbon and 2 double bonds) can be taken in the form of fish oil capsule. Common amount of omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil capsules is 0.18 grams (180 mg) of EPA and 0.12 grams (120 mg) of DHA. These preparations should not contain heavy metals like mercury, lead and cadmium.

Precaution •

•

Omega-3 fatty acids should be used cautiously by people who bruise easily, have a bleeding disorder, or take blood thinning medications including warfarin (Coumadin), clopidogrel (Plavix), or aspirin. High doses of omega-3 fatty acids may increase the risk of bleeding, even in people without a history of bleeding disorders -- and even in those who are not taking other medications. People with either diabetes or schizophrenia may lack the ability to convert alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the forms more readily used in the body. Some fish may contain potentially harmful contaminants, such as heavy metals (including mercury), dioxins, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). For sport caught fish, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends that pregnant or nursing women eat no more than a single 6 ounce meal per week, and young children less than 2 ounces per week.

Possible Interaction If someone is being treated with the following medicines, the patient should not take the omega-3 fatty acids without consulting to the doctor.

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•

• •

May 2013

Blood thinning medications-medications Omega-3 fatty acids may increase the effects of blood thinning medications, including aspirin, warfarin (Coumadin), and clopedigrel (Plavix). Diabetes medications -- Taking omega-3 fatty acid supplements may increase fasting blood sugar levels.So, it should not be given with Glipizide, metformin and other hypoglycemic agents. Cyclosporine --Cyclosporine is a medication given to people with organ transplants. Taking omega-3 fatty acids during cyclosporine (Sandimmune) therapy may reduce toxic side effects, such as high blood pressure and kidney damage, associated with this medication. CholesterolCholesterol-lowering medications–This medications may decrease the risk of high B.P if given with statin class of drugs like atorvaststin. NonNon -steroidal antianti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) --In an animal study, treatment with omega-3 fatty acids reduced the risk of ulcers from NSAIDs.

Sources Of Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Article By Ruchi Pathak

Issue 7

Snake Myths

May 2013

The Myth

Myth 1 If one snake is killed, its partner will trace you. (no matter wherever you are)

Truth Once again snakes are not vengeful animals and are not interested in chasing or tracing people who hurt them. They do not have the necessary memory and intellect to remember people to trace them back. Neither do snakes have a feeling of camaraderie or pair for life. Bollywood is responsible for this myth.

Myth 2 Flying snakes can pierce somebodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s forehead or put out their eyes.

Truth - A flying snake does not actually fly but only glide through the air by extending ribs and pulling in the underside. It can glide a distance of 330 Ft or 100 mt. It has an elongated head, which gives the scary feeling that it can pierce a personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s head or eyes.

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Myths for Particular Snake Charming Snakes A popular myth about snakes is that they are somehow able to hypnotize or "charm" their prey so that the prey is unable to escape. There is no evidence to support the claim that snakes charm their prey. This myth may have resulted from the observation of small animals and birds becoming "frozen with fear" when confronted by snakes, however they are not being charmed. Often an adult female bird will flutter about in front of a snake in order to distract the snake from the fledglings in her nest. Another possible explanation may be that many animals are unable to perceive the slow approach of a long thin snake as dangerous. Finally, the fact that a snake is unable to blink may have something to do with the origin of this myth.

Sucking Milk In farming communities throughout the world, it is a common superstition that snakes suck the milk from cows and goats. In North America, the milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum)

acquired its common name based

on this myth. Although milksnakes may be common around barns, they lack the anatomical structures necessary to suck. A snake drinks by submerging its head, or at least its mouth, in water and it then takes in water by expanding its body wall. Milksnakes are common in barns because barns house an abundant supply of small rodents, their primary prey.

Swallowing Young Many people believe that mother snakes will swallow their young when confronted with danger. Despite countless hours of observation, this behavior has never been documented. Swallowing young would not serve as a protective strategy in snakes because anything that enters the esophagus soon arrives in the stomach where it is promptly digested. Although thousands of dissections have been performed on female snakes, none have revealed a stomach full of baby snakes belonging to the same species.

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May 2013

Oggy and 3 Cockroaches

Cartoon

In India, it is aired on Nickelodeon India since 2009 with voice-actors voicing the characters in voices of famous Indian film stars in Hindi. The entire series was re-dubbed with different voices for Cartoon Network. As of 16 July 2012, this newly dubbed version of the show has begun airing on Cartoon Network India. The change of channel has also resulted in the change of voice actors for the programme.

Oggy in India Character

Hindi name

Nickelodeon India

Cartoon Network India

Oggy

Billa (Mostly Oggy) Shahrukh Khan

Shahrukh Khan

Jack

Fauji (also Jack)

Sunny deol

Sunny Deol/Sunil Shetty

Joey

Chhotu/Jhaplu

PareshRawal

ArshadWarsi

Dee Dee

Motu/Paplu

Sunil Shetty

PareshRawal

Marky

Lambu/Taplu

Akshay Kumar

Sunil Shetty/Akshay Kumar

Narrator

Unnamed

Nana Patekar

Bob

Bob/Aau

AmreeshPuri

Shakti Kapoor

Production Oggy and the Cockroaches is a French animated comedy series produced by Xilam. The 30 minute show typically contains 3 episodes. In India the voice of the cockroaches and cats are given by the famous characters of Bollywood like Babu Rao of Hera Pheri. The voice of cats are given as mimics of signature voices of famous superstars of Bollywood i.e. Sunny Deol and Shah Rukh Khan.

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Main Characters â&#x20AC;˘

â&#x20AC;˘

Oggy is an overweight blue cat. Oggy usually spends his time either watching TV or doing housework - when not chasing roaches. Despite the constant mayhem caused by the cockroaches, Oggy has developed a sort of love-hate relationship with them, having lived with them for a long time. It was revealed in the episode "The Outsider", Oggy was terribly afraid of mice. Oggy has a Volkswagen Beetle (like Bob's) and a scooter (seen in some episodes). Whenever he finds himself alone in his house, he will eventually begin to miss the cockroaches along with their pranks. In one episode (So Lonely), he even uses a tape recorder with their laughter on it and plays their pranks on himself out of boredom. Oggy has come to realize that without the cockroaches, nothing fun or interesting ever happens in his life. Jack is the other cat in the show. He is a complete opposite of Oggy; Jack is short-tempered, violent, arrogant - a perfect target for the roaches to annoy. He often finds himself building huge machinery such as roach-catching contraptions, most of the time resulting in backfiring. He is also very interested in chemistry. Jack is Oggy's brother (he often sleeps over at Oggy's house) and neighbour (though he drives the couple of feet between their houses whenever he visits Oggy). Jack can come into Oggy's home without knocking and he often goes to see Oggy to help him against the roaches' plots. He owns a monster truck and his telephone number is 2. Jack seems to be the strongest character in the show. He likes to show off, challenge the cockroaches. In the Hindi version Jack often calls Oggy as "Munna" and the latter calls him "Bhaiya".

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Joey, Joey a pink-bodied, purple-headed roach with a pink right eye and yellow left eye, is the self-proclaimed leader of the roaches. Even though he's the smallest roach in the gang, most of the time he's the brains behind the operations, but is sometimes forced to go solo, because his companions often think his plans are stupid. •

Marky is a suave heartbreaking, grey-bodied, green-headed roach with pink eyes; he is the tallest of the three roaches and often not really doesn't care about what the two others are doing. While he originally used to love causing mischief just like the other cockroaches, he has grown to be more laid-back in later episodes, though he still enjoys hanging out with Joey and Dee Dee and cause general mayhem like he has always done. He also has bad breath, as revealed in the episode "It's a Small World". •

Dee Dee is an ever-hungry, devour-it-all blue-bodied, orange-headed roach with green eyes. His appetite sometimes reaches insane regions, often resulting in the consumption of larger animals or other things (such as hyenas, the fish on the wallpaper and a clownfish. He is known to like opera. Sometimes it is shown that his armpits are so foul-smelling, it is toxic and sometimes melts objects. •

Bob is a fierce brown bulldog, who is Oggy's neighbor. He seems to have a severe anger management issue, and he often hurts Oggy or Jack whenever they accidentally do something on him. •

Monica, Monica Oggy's sister and Jack's love-interest. She is well known for being very active and likes to take on physical challenges such as sky diving and bungee jumping. She's always seen skating around on her inline skates. •

Olivia, Olivia a female white cat and Oggy's new love interest. She is Oggy's girl friend. She loves nature, even Oggy's enemies, Joey, Dee Dee and Marky. Everytime Oggy, Jack or Bob harm her lovely nature, she always cry. In Olivia's Pimple, Olivia was so angry because of Bob. She can hurt Bob just by one hit. •

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May 2013

Book Bored Download free Pharmacy, Medical and Engineering books for free. Here you will find lots of reference e-books to download and read. Key Features:1. 2. 3. 4.

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Issue 7

30 Satellite

May 2013

Invention Story

It all started with basketball-sized pack of technology known as Sputnik 1. World’s first ever satellite was launched on October 4, 1957 by Soviet Union. Weighing 183 pounds, it took around 98 minutes to orbit Earth. While launch of the satellite was just a single event, it marked the beginning of space age and steered new military, political, scientific and technological developments. The seed of its invention was sown back in year 1952, when International Council of Scientific Unions came to a decision of establishing July 1, 1957December 31, 1958 as International Geophysical yr. It was decided so because scientists knew solar activity cycle would be at high points around this time. And eventually, council took up a resolution calling launch of the artificial satellites during International Geophysical yr. for mapping Earth’s surface. White House declared plans of launching earth orbiting satellite and requested proposals from different governmental research agencies for undertaking development in July 1955. Vanguard proposal by Naval Research lab was picked for representing U.S during International Geophysical yr. And launch of Sputnik revolutionized everything. The technical achievement of Sputnik was that it did not just grab world’s attention but America’s public off-guard too. The size of this satellite was impressive as compared to Vangaurd and anticipated payload of 3.5 pounds. Additionally, public feared Soviet’s ability to commence satellites also translated to capability for launching ballistic missiles that could be used to transfer missiles from Europe to U.S. After that, Soviet’s had hit back with launch of Sputnik II on November 3, 1957. Also, immediately after the launch of Sputnik 1, Defense department of U.S retorted to political disturbance with fund approval for Satellite project. Later as an alternative to the Vangaurd, work was initiated on Explorer project. Eventually, U.S launched Explorer 1 on January 31, 1958. And the race into space did not end here; new way of viewing earth came into being. First ever aerial pictures were taken centuries ago by a hot air balloonist. Balloons were used for gathering military intelligence at the time of U.S civil war until their non immunity to gunfire was noticed.

Issue 7

May 2013

After that, many attempts were made to view ground from height including use of little cameras, kites or pigeons too. But effective aerial photography was not initiated until passenger on airplane snapped a scene of ground in year 1908. Another revolutionizing element that the satellites brought was cellular telephones. These telephones have made communication not easy but handy too. Staying connected is easy as a pie with these phones. In the year, 1976 February, COMSAT launched MARISAT, a new type of satellite for offering mobile services to US Navy and all other marine clients. And in no later time, Europeans also commenced MARECS series for providing same services in 1980. Maritime organization UN international had funded INMARSAT in year 1979. And INMARSAT leased MARECS and MARISAT satellite transponders initially but soon in 1990 October started its own satellite named INMARSAT II F-1. Third generation of the satellite has been commenced too. The contract of building an aeronautical satellite was given to General Motors in mid 1970s but was cancelled soon and IMARSAT provided the service. Perceived as means of offering traffic monitoring and telephone services on ships initially but it has offered a lot more than that. Gulf War brought the technology to public notice. Many companies have worked hard to present version of Personal Communication System with the use of satellites in the Low Earth Orbits (LEO). As compared to initial LEO satellites, these systems orbited around 500 miles below belt. Among most ambitious LEO systems, Iridium by Motorola ruled the roost. At an altitude of 400 miles, it planned to start 66 satellites in the polar orbit. All the six orbits had 11 satellites each. And it started offering communication services of the cellular phones back in 1998. Apart from the large scaled LEO systems, there were many small ones too. But these companies planned to provide limited services, basically radio and data determination. Classic of these was known as ORBCOM which has now become a global leading provider of cellular data communications based asset management, tracking and remote controlling.

Issue 7

May 2013

Puzzles

Puzzle 1 A farmer dies and leaves his seventeen cows to his three sons with the following provision: The eldest son is to receive 1/2 The second son is to receive 1/3 The youngest son is to receive 1/9 How is the will settled?

Puzzle 2 Right, now for a problem that is well within the scope of those of you with micros, or even programmable calculators. If you divided 2519 by 10, there is a remainder of 9. If you divide 2519 by 9, there is a remainder of 8. If you divide 2519 by 8, there is a remainder of 7, and so on. Can you find two other numbers with the same property?

Puzzle 3 A girl has as many sisters as she has brothers. But each brother has twice as many sisters as brothers. How many brothers and sisters in the family?

Puzzle 4 There are eight oranges in a box. How can you divide them between eight people so that each person gets one orange, and one orange is still left in the box? The oranges must not be peeled or cut.

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May 2013

Puzzle 5 A tramp can make one cigarette from every three cigarette butts that he has. One day, when he is completely without any smokes at all, he finds a packet of ten cigarettes. How many full cigarettes can he smoke from these?

Answers of Previous Puzzles Puzzl_ 1 ::- 81 Puzzl_ 2 ::- 5 Puzzl_ 3 ::- @ \it n[ughty this on_. H_ w[s smoking fifty [ ^[y [t th_ outs_t, \ut h_ [lso h[^ four ]ig[r_tt_s l_ft ov_r from his l[st p[]k_t. Puzzl_ 4 ::- Th_ $1 ^i^n't go [nywh_r_. Th_ figur_s [r_ ]orr_]t [s th_y [r_. Th_ [pp[r_nt [nom[ly is ][us_^ \y trying to [^^ r[t_s tog_th_r to giv_ [n [ggr_g[t_ r[t_. Puzzl_ 4 ::- ST@RTLING ST@RTING ST@RING STRING STING SING SIN IN I

Note : Answers of these puzzles will be published in next issue. Mail us answers of puzzles asked in this issue and get your name published in next issue.

Issue 7

May 2013

Facts and Figures •

The wick of a trick candle has small amounts of magnesium in them. When you light the candle, you are also lighting the magnesium. When someone tries to blow out the flame, the magnesium inside the wick continues to burn and, in just a split second (or two or three), relights the wick.

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Ostriches are often not taken seriously. They can run faster than horses, and the males can roar like lions.

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Sloths take two weeks to digest their food.

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Sharks and rays are the only animals known to man that don't get cancer. Scientists believe this has something to do with the fact that they don't have bones, but cartilage.

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The porpoise is second to man as the most intelligent animal on the planet.

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The duckbill platypus can store as many as six hundred worms in the pouches of its cheeks.

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Many sharks lay eggs, but hammerheads give birth to live babies that look like very small duplicates of their parents. Young hammerheads are usually born headfirst, with the tip of their hammer-shaped head folded backward to make them more streamlined for birth.

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Jellyfish like salt water. A rainy season often reduces the jellyfish population by putting more fresh water into normally salty waters where they live.

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The odds of seeing three albino deer at once are one in seventy-nine billion, yet one man in Boulder Junction, Wisconsin, took a picture of three albino deer in the woods.

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Human birth control pills work on gorillas.

Issue 7

May 2013

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