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TAKSIM

Landscape of Multiple Opportunities Invites people to collectively reimagine and reinvent Taksim as the heart of Istanbul, it refers to a collaborative process concerned from street conďŹ gurations to plaza dynamics to community engagement activities. Just as important as the urban design strategies, the proposal implements creative patterns of use, paying particular attention to the historical, physical, cultural, and social identities that deďŹ ne Taksim as a unique place for ongoing evolution.

Taksim: Landscape of Multiple Opportunities is organized into 5 distinctive multilayer networks of tangible and intangible components allowing for mixed-use and multidimensional environments.

Contents Second Stage Organization Chart

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Existing Condition Analysis and Design Strategies

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Landscape of Image and Identity

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Landscape of Attractions, Destinations, and Activities

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Landscape of Spatial Flexibility, Seasonal Occupation, Temporary Interventions and Activations

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Landscape of Connectivity, Accessibility, and Mobility

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Landscape of Sustainability, Management, and Funding

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Landscape of Multiple Opportunities

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Second Stage Organization Chart

Partner in Charge 1

Site SpeciďŹ c Teams

Local Architect Landmark and Preservation Consultant Open Space Programming Advisor Community Outreach Facilitator* Ecology Consultant Local Codes Advisor History and Culture Advisor Hydrology Consultant

Partner in Charge 2

Project Manager

Design Consultants

Project Urban Designer

Project Landscape Designer

TrafďŹ c and Transportation Consultant Structural and Civil Engineers Sustainability Consultant MEPFP Consultant Public Art Advisor Quantity Surveyor Lighting Designer

*In collaboration with Metropolitan Municipality

Project Architect

Senior Architectural Designer Jr. Architectural Designer 1 Jr. Architectural Designer 2

Senior Urban Designer Jr. Urban Designer 1 Jr. Urban Designer 2

Senior Landscape Designer Jr. Landscape Designer 1 Jr. Landscape Designer 2

Modelmaker Visualization Artist

Taksim Urban Design Competition Istanbul, Turkey

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Existing Condition Analysis and Design Strategies The Northern Gezi Park Garden: connectivity and accessibility from the main section of the park to this area is very limited, the program of activities is null.

Opportunity: connect with the main part of Gezi Park by means of ramps that enable universal accessibility, provide a children’s playground, provoke pedestrian flow and traffic through the northern section of the park.

The Gezi Park: south boundary with limited accessibility, partial use as parking and outdoor storage, devoid of play equipment, cultural events and entertainment, not welcoming, lacking artrelated components.

Opportunity: add a number of indigenous plants and tree species to enhance the existing plantation, incorporate a meadow for active and passive leisure activities, provide a simple network of walkways, and a variety of routes for all kind of visitors, incorporate amenities, strong presence of urban furniture, and art-related areas.

The stair, the wall, and the ramp: the scale and location of these elements act more as a barrier between the park and the plaza rather than connecting them. The actual condition fails at welcoming visitors into the elevated park and vice versa.

Opportunity: to introduce an urban strategy to naturally link both public spaces while taking full advantage of the difference in levels.

A panoramic view towards the square and the park is achieved.

West border of the park: 200 meters of park border with no program, accessible by 4 stairs ranging from 5 meters to 15 meters wide.

Opportunity: to emphasize park accessibility while taking advantage of the slope as children’s climbing walls.

Urban Corridor: a natural axis of human flow with no character.

Opportunity: to activate storefronts of retail stores facing it; to expand north temporary structures used today for fairs and bazaars; to implement a series of food vendors with outdoor tables and chairs.

The Esplanade: the southern section of the Gezi Park mostly used as parking lot and occasional outdoor storage platform.

Opportunity: to create a natural link between the Gezi Park and Taksim Square, to regain space for the public, not for the car.

Undefined space: lacking urban or architectural identity.

No spatial programming.

Devoid of amenities.

Opportunity: due to its generous surface area and its strategic location within Taksim, two maneuvers are possible: to open up the surface to connect directly with the underground passing, and to locate an architecture & art related piece to program and activate the space. An urban attractor.

East Border and Urban Leftover: marked by a difference in elevation between Tak-ı Zafer Cd and the plaza, featuring a small stair and a ramp linking them, most of the border represents a challenge for universal accessibility, car park use blocking access and views.

Opportunity: dedicated area for touristic bus stop, inclusion of pocket parks, clear accessibility to the park and square.

Iron fence and greenery: used as urban bench and featuring an anodyne landscape design.

Opportunity: to provide a functional urban sitting for visitors to use while remarking the Republic Monument with a landscape intervention.

Taksim Metro Station: a transportation hub acting merely as a threshold to other stations.

Opportunity: to transform the portal into a place with public wi-fi, information kiosk, public art, waste and recycling bins, shade and shelter, signage and seating.

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The Square: devoid of urban scale, proportion and boundaries, character, identity, devices for social triangulation, and amenities; timid connection with Gezi Park.

Opportunity: to create a mixed-use and multi-dimensional environment meeting on the one hand the needs of the community through useful amenities, serving as accessible, active, sociable and comfortable urban square, and on the other, playing a central role of urbanity and urban life in Istanbul.

Trees in the Square: a handful set of small and medium size trees randomly located at the eastern edge of the square without any relevant purpose.

Opportunity: To introduce a series of amenity-based islands including a richer diversity in vegetation, benches, drinking fountains, waste receptacles, solar-powered cellphone-charging stations, offering shadow and programmed areas inside the plaza.

Tak-ı Zafer Cd. & Sıraselviler Cd.: little attractive, poorly efficient, and uninteresting streetscape, designed focused primarily on motor vehicle movement.

To keep focus on autos results in unsustainable land development patterns, fewer transportation choices, noise, pollution, and greenhouse gases, as well as a detriment in social, civic, physical, and economic activity on streets.

Opportunity: to introduce a pedestrian-priority street, allowing the street to effectively function as public space. The shared street is a low-speed, curbless roadway designed as a single surface shared among pedestrian, and bicyclist and low-speed vehicles.

Taksim Urban Design Competition Istanbul, Turkey

Existing Condition Analysis and Design Strategies

1. Site

2. Geometrical Approach

3. Basic Configuration

4. Main Components

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1. Urban Stair

5. Defining the Park and Square’s Perimeters

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2. Grand Lawn

3. Flowering Forest

4. Connecting Void

6. Programmatic Islands and Pedestrian Traffic

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1.Urban Stair 2.Arcade 3.East Steps 4.Seasonal Pavilion 5.Park Slopes 6.North Ramp

7. Urban Articulation Through Shared Street and Corridor

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8. Landscape of Multiple Opportunities

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Landscape of Image and Identity

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Taksim’s urban identity is conformed not only by the preservation of its past and the political, social and cultural events lived in its historical process; but also by its natural, human and built environment; people’s perception of Takism contributes to the understanding of its urban identity. The square, an enlarged void surrounded by buildings, is one of the most important public spaces fulfilling the need of people’s social interaction, from the past to the present, and most importantly, to the future. From the Maksem built in 1732 under Mahmud I, the Taksim Republic Monument inaugurated in 1928, to Henri Prost’s park number 2 of 1937, and the Atatürk Cultural Center, under construction, along with its rich cultural heritage, ethno-religious diversity, social relations, and political agendas, Taksim positions itself as a platform for collectively reimagining and reinventing its urban square and the Gezi Park as the epicenter of the city’s public life.

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The historical and cultural landscape of the site, its processes of social transformation, along with a changing architectural and urban morphology, sets a unique opportunity to implement a vision to bond together past, present and future. On the one hand, for instance, a punctual landscape intervention at the Republic Monument to enhance the existing green area surrounding it, on the other, an urban maneuver to increase strategically the dedicated area for the square while generating a seamless connection with the Gezi Park and its immediate context.

Both Taksim Square and the Gezi Park, are tactically intervened to set the ideal conditions for human interactions while maximizing shared value.

Landscape Catalogue:

1. Maksem.

2. Foreign Consulates.

3. Istanbul Technical University.

4. Aya Triada Church.

5. Republic Monument.

6. Taksim Square.

7. Gezi Park.

8. Atatürk Library.

9. Square Hotels.

10. Nostalgia Tramway.

11. Taksim Mosque.

12. Atatürk Cultural Center.

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1975 - Etap Marmara Hotel 1975 - Sheraton (InterContinental)

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1732 - French Consulate 1877 - German Consulate

1939 - Original 2020 - Intervention

1914 to 1961 1990 - T2 Taksim-Tünel Line

1825 - Maçka Barracks 1848 - Mecidiye Barracks 1861 - Gümüşsuyu Barracks

1939 - Original 2020 - Intervention

2017 - ongoing

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1975

2017 - ongoing

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Landscape of Image and Identity 5

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A family takes the tramway from the TĂźnel Terminus and disembarks at the Republic Monument.

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They then enter at the Taksim Sanat Galerisi to visit the current art exhibition.

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Soon after, they walk towards the Public Art and Architecture Pavilion that just opened for the season and take a brief look.

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Later on, they decide to enjoy the interactive water fountain show and rest at the shadowed area casted by the Gezi trees located at the urban stairs.

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Minutes later, walk across the square and get tickets for the evening show at the theater located at the AtatĂźrk Cultural Center.

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Detailed view of Landscape Intervention and urban sitting at the Republic Monument; behind: Seasonal Architectural Pavilion and Gezi Park.

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Landscape of Attractions, Destinations and Activities

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To create a strong sense of belonging in users, Taksim must be human-oriented, creating a mental and emotional relationship with the square. Based on that, a series of factors are carefully introduced and located to strengthen the place attachment, its sense of place. First of all, participatory artistic and architectural projects presented on an annual, bi-annual or seasonal basis, selected through open competitions for young Turkish professionals, are at the core of the proposal.

Both, the artistic and architectural pieces are to offer the opportunity to present innovative projects to engage not only with the visitors, but also with the unique urban surroundings. Secondly, located at the northern part of the square, a collection of water features ranging from interactive water jets for kids to play and as evening light-show installations, shallow reflecting pools to walk barefoot, and large-scale urban benches to sit and lay on. Third: the urban stair and the arcade. A 140-meter-wide triangular stair that not only connects naturally the height difference between the Gezi Park and the square but also, performs as a natural urban setting for meeting, resting, chatting, and contemplating, working as a fantastic vantage point to experience the richness of the place from atop. At the southern edge of the square, an arcade is introduced to generate a porous border or element to partially-define the square, performing not only as a piece of Landscape Catalogue:

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infrastructure to be used for temporary exhibitions or events; as an open corridor linking directly the Atatürk Cultural Center with the Republic Monument, but also as a shaded space, and as framework or structure to intervene with art competitions. Finally, the islands: placed in-between preferred people’s pathways or pedestrian traffic, a series of multi-purposed islands are introduced to offer the users a range of reasons to see Taksim as a destination point, as a sociable and comfortable place. Islands englobe different components such as food vendors, benches and outdoor chairs and tables, public restrooms, bicycle racks, waste receptacles, drinking fountains, digital-interactive Taksim maps and totems, solarpowered cellphone-charging stations, and natural and artificial elements to create shadows for sun comfort.

Places prosper when locals and tourists have a range of reasons to be there, from places to sit, art to discover, music to appreciate, history to experience, playgrounds to enjoy or people to meet. Activities are the foundations of great places, they are the reasons why people visit them and continue to return, activities makes a place special.

1. Water Features.

2. The Interactive Space.

5. The Urban Stair.

6-7. Architectural Summer Pavilions and Art Installations.

8. Social Interaction Amenities.

9. The Grand Lawn.

10. Children’s Playground.

12. Cafes and Food Vendors.

The interactive fountains, the shadow reflecting pool, and the walk on the water ring transform urban spaces.

A natural linkage between the Square and Gezi Park. An urban setting for meeting, resting, chatting and contemplating.

Turf covered slopes built on the existing topography create the ideal setting for tree shaded spaces for recreational activities.

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A collection of interactive art and installation pieces. Works designed and built by local artists and community.

3. The Arcade.

A component to intervene with art competitions. An urban corridor linking Taksim Square, The Republic Monument, the AKM, and the urban fabric.

11. Sports and Leisure.

Enhance existing green areas with different types of urban furniture.

Food vendors, outdoor chairs and tables, public toilets, bicycle racks, solar-powered cellphone charging stations, free wi-fi.

Young Architects Programme + Istanbul Modern / Istanbul Biennale, Annual open architectural and art pavilion competition.

Designed in collaboration with children, designers and artists. This space can include game based learning activities.

4. The Islands.

Outdoor furniture and equipment to exercise and engage in wellness-oriented community activities.

Additional installations that strengthen the existing food venues, linking the Gezi Park with the Urban Corridor.

Taksim Urban Design Competition Istanbul, Turkey

Landscape of Attractions, Destinations, and Activities

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A group of high school friends take the 43 bus route from Dikilitas to Taksim, after getting off they climb the northwest Gezi Park stairs to lay out on a blanket and people-watch.

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An hour later, they walk south towards the urban stair and arrive at the Big Bus Pavilion to meet more friends, realizing that the Istanbul Design Festival just started.

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They walk towards the community-based interactive public art installations and check the pieces.

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After that they go to the food vendors to get some refreshments, recharge their cellphones while use free wi-fi .

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Finally, they enjoy the “Swinging in the City” project that is part of the year’s design festival.

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They go back home taking the Taksim Metro Station.

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Interactive Fountains & Shadow Reflecting Pools along with Interactive Art and Installation Pieces as social interaction devices in Taksim Square & Gezi Park.

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Landscape of Spatial Flexibility, Seasonal Occupation, Temporary Interventions, and Activations A successful urban square is prepared to change or adapt in use during the course of the day, week, season and year. In order to perform to these fluctuations, spatial flexibility is incorporated at the core of the overall competition proposal.

To stimulate social cohesion – people participating actively or passively in cultural, religious, economic, political or community activities -, the project introduces a number of spatial, urban, architectural and art components encouraging visitors to take part in several activities and engagements such as meeting, gathering, talking, listening, watching, eating, dancing or participating in entertainments and performances.

Potential Event and Project Activations: Ephemeral Contemporary Art Projects in collaboration with local art institutions such as Istanbul Biennial, Istanbul Design Biennial, SALT, Istanbul Modern, Arter, Pera Museum, and Mamut Art Fair,

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transforming Taksim into an active site for dialogue and temporary installations.

Food Based Artistic Projects; Art Night Taksim; Environmental Initiatives with local collectives such as Birbucuk specializing in projects at the crossroads of art and environment. Performing Arts; music: collaborations with Istanbul’s festivals such as the Istanbul Music Festival, Istanbul Jazz Festival who already uses public spaces to host concerts; performance & dance: in collaboration with local groups such as PerformIstanbul, Arter, SALT and Istanbul Theater Festival; opera: in collaboration with AKM; cinema: open air cinema and conversations with film directors; literature: book fairs and conversation with writers.

The ability to offer a wide range of social activities triggers the presence of people, and people themselves are the essential component for a successful public square.

Seasonal Experiences:

1. Spring.

2. Summer.

3. Autumn.

4. Winter.

Gastronomy related events: Organic Food Bazaar, Gastronomy/Coffee Festival, 101 Tastes of Istanbul Festival Tulip Fair Taksim Children’s Festival: Treasure Hunt in Gezi Park, Games, Puppet Shows, Music, Art, Sports, Literature

Taksim Art Night Installations/Programs: In collaboration with Istanbul Biennial and Design Biennial on a rotative basis Cultural Fairs: Open-Air Theater and Dance, Book and Antique Art Fairs

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Opening of the Annual Temporary Pavilion: Hosting Performances, Talks, Dance Shows Open-Air Cinema: Movie screenings with live music performances, conversations with directors and actors Concerts: In collaboration with Istanbul Music Festival (June, classical music) and Jazz Festival (July)

Winter Wonderland Skate Rink New Year’s Market Taksim Urban Design Competition Istanbul, Turkey

Landscape of Spatial Flexibility, Seasonal Occupation, Temporary Interventions, and Activations

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A group of tourists staying at the Marmara Hotel decide to explore Istanbul starting at Taksim. They cross Tak-ı Zafer Caddesi to enjoy first the Arcade and sit to have a coffee.

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Soon, they engage with the Taksim Children´s Festival where a series of pavilions present Puppet Shows, Music for Children & Art and Literature events.

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After, they visit the Gastronomy Bazaar to enjoy food, beer, wine, workshops, live music, and other attractions.

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When they get to Gezi Park, they discover the Treasure Hunt Event, an extension of the Children’s Festival and thousands of tulips from the Annual International Istanbul Tulip Festival.

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After resting in a shaded area, they take a bus tour to visit Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque and Topkapi Palace.

View from the Marmara Hotel Terrace looking at the International Istanbul Food Festival Pavilions in Taksim Square.

Taksim Urban Design Competition Istanbul, Turkey

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Landscape of Connectivity, Accessibility, and Mobility

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A fundamental aspect in urban public squares and parks is the condition of being connected. Connectivity measures the availability of facilities and infrastructure between points on a network, in this case, between the site and the city of Istanbul; in that regard Taksim and Gezi Park are surrounded by a group of urban facilities such as bus networks, tramway, subway system, roads and sidewalks that provide a wide range of transportation options for people to use. To be successful, a public square and park need to be easy to get to and be easily accessible by foot. To take advantage of the high level of connectivity that Taksim has, its edges, streets, sidewalks and ground floors of adjacent buildings have to be revisited, they are far from offering a comfortable experience and positive influence for the site as a whole.

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Based on that, an entirely new approach to mobility is presented for the competition proposal. Introducing the shared street: a pedestrian-priority street, featuring curbless roadway and designed as a single surface shared among pedestrians, bicyclists and low-speed motor vehicles, in this scenario, the street performs as an extension of the Taksim public space.

Shared streets have a positive impact on public health, physical environment, and economic beneďŹ ts increasing historical, cultural, and commercial property values and retail activities.

Landscape Catalogue:

1. Railway Connectivity.

2. Public Transport Network.

3. Vehicular Connectivity.

4. Pedestrian Connectivity.

5. Urban Accessibility.

6. Urban Stair.

7. Connecting Void.

8. Transportation App Support.

9. Shared Street.

10. Functional Variety.

11. Tickets Booth.

12. Pocket Parks.

The intersection of the M2, the F1, and the T2 lines provide a wide range of linking options with the rest of the city.

The streets and sidewalks between the square, the park, and the immediate context are key for proper accessibility.

Flush roadways separated by bolards and paintings that enhance the safety, aesthetics, and overall street experience.

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Buses and Minibuses provide connectivity but hinder mobility. Stops are strategically addressed to ensure the ease of circulation.

Wide steps and a ramp allow to comfortably transition from one space to another, achieving universal accessibility.

Pedestrian amenities as well as distinctive materials and furnishings balance the needs of all users.

Peripheral parking lots become key elements for reducing high concentrations of vehicles in the surrounding streets.

This element directly links the square with the underground pedestrian platforms, improving Taksim’s accessibility.

Facilities to support touristic routes that stop at Taksim prevent these activities from obstructing mobility.

Istiklal Cd. and the streets that reach the urban corridor are strategically linked to the square, favoring pedestrian traďŹƒc.

Free-wifi and cell-phone charging stations allow to easily access internet based transportation apps and services.

Pocket parks articulate large public spaces whilst they also promote a safer pedestrian mobility.

Taksim Urban Design Competition Istanbul, Turkey

Landscape of Connectivity, Accessibility, and Mobility

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Pedestrian TraďŹƒc P

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Public Parking

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Street Parking Bus Stop

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Underground Bus Stop

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Mini Bus / Dolmus Stop P M2

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Taksim Metro Station

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Nostalgia Tramway

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Taksim Kabatas Funicular Underground Pedestrian Connection Bike Lane

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Touristic Big Bus Route Stairs

A Temporary Art Installation in the Arcade and Tak-Äą Zafer Cd. Shared Street as an extension of public space.

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Landscape of Sustainability, Management, and Funding

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To keep the square and park safe and lively, a management plan becomes a central element within the overall design proposal. Partnerships are to be suggested to get funding with diverse sources such as rent from cafes, markets, exhibitions, fairs and small commercial uses. Partners are essential to the future success of a public space, they become invaluable in supporting and getting the project off the ground.

Potential partners can be museums, academic institutions, local organizations, and others.

Public spaces and parks are valuable assets to the city since they create platforms for community revitalization and engagement, they promote economic development, create safer neighborhoods, improve public health, strengthen tourism, and contribute to environmental preservation. To achieve these benefits, a solid sustainable and management set of values is required. Sustainability in this context is not only understood as the ability to satisfy present needs without compromising those of future generations; but also, from an economic viewpoint, as the adequate management of the assets that allow the preservation and creation Landscape Catalogue:

of economic, environmental, and social opportunities for the population. In other words, the proposal aims to become a magnet for socio-economic development whilst contributing to the conservation and improvement of the environment. In this scenario, both hardscape and softscape areas are intervened to generate 9 new natural environments: the Republic Monument Landscape Intervention, the Tree Islands, the Urban Stair, the Urban Corridor Tree Line, the Park’s Border Slopes, the Gezi Park, the Grand Lawn, the Flowering Forest, and the Atatürk Library Gardens. These environments strategically deployed and aim to create significant experiences while enriching the existing vegetation with a wide variety of plants, bushes, and trees.

Each of the existing 1,207 healthy trees, which together add up to 70 species, are preserved and constitute the basis for creating a series of natural environments and experiences that include 77 additional trees, 6 species of climbing plants, and 86 species of new bushes and grasses.

1. Urban Park System.

2. Tree Preservation.

3-4. Introducing New Natural Environments.

5. Green - Void.

6. Historical Reference.

7. Grand Lawn.

8. Flowering Forest.

9. Flooring Strategy.

10. Lighting Strategy.

11. Conservancy Model.

12. Community Involvement.

Interaction between the Gezi Park and those adjacent to it promotes a large scale collection of integrated public spaces.

An adequate balance between the square (hardscape) and the park (softscape) is achieved through the project’s geometry.

The majority of existing pavements is preserved. New surfaces contemplate materials that meet citywide standards.

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The conservation of all the existing healthy trees is a priority for the proposal.

Istanbul’s architectural heritage is explored through typologies that work with the site’s topographic attributes.

Poles are removed and spaces are lighted from surrounding buildings and the proposed programmatic elements.

Republic Monument, Tree islands, Urban Stair, Corridor Tree Line, Border Slopes, Park, Lawn, Forest, and Library Gardens.

A large amphitheater, a gathering space where people can enjoy a democratic and respectful ambience.

Turf care, Playground keeping, Tree care, Benches, Facilities, Horticulture, Media, Events, Trash management.

70 species of existing trees, 12 species of new trees, 86 species of bushes and grasses, and 6 species of climbing plants.

The northern part of Gezi Park features various species of flowers and shrubs that create “wild” nature experience for users.

Non-profit managing organism, brand, alliances, concession management, volunteering, “adopt-a” program.

Taksim Urban Design Competition Istanbul, Turkey

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Longitudinal Section Showing Vegetation Species Diversity Grand Lawn in Gezi Park.

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Taksim: Landscape of Multiple Opportunities

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Maksem Sanat Galerisi French Consulate German Consulate Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Hospital Additional Gümüşsuyu Building 6. Aya Triada Church 7. Republic Monument 8. Atatürk Library 9. Etap Marmara Hotel 10. Intercontinental Hotel 11. Nostalgia Tramway 12. Taksim Mosque 13. Atatürk Cultural Center 14. Interactive Fountains 15. Interactive Art Space 16. Arcade 17. Tree Islands 18. Urban Stair 19. Summer Pavilion / Art Installation 20. Outdoor benches, chairs and tables 21. Phone charging stations and Wi-fi 14

22. Public Toilets 23. Storage 24. Grand Lawn 25. Children’s Playground 26. Sports and Leisure Section 27. Gezi Cafe 28. Food Vendors 29. Storefront Activation 30. Fair/Event Temporary Structure 31. Metro Station 32. Stairs to Underground Road 33. Connecting Void 34. Shared Street 35. Urban Corridor 36. Touristic Bus Stop 37. Pocket Park 38. Republic Monument seating and plants 39. Park Border Interactive Slope 40. Turf Amphitheater 41. Flowering Forest 42. Pedestrian Bridge

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Landscape of Multiple Opportunities

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