Who’s Here?
Wecome from12 statesfrom
1934–2011
“Wherethere ispassion, thereishope”
Dr.Wolf Wolfensberger
DEVELOPMENTOFSOCIALROLE VALORIZATION
YearDefinition
Normalization
“…toallowtheretardedtoobtainanexistenceas closeaspossibletothatofthenormal”
Author
NielsErik BankMikkelson
1959 Denmar k BengtNirje
1962 Sweden
1972 US
1983 US
Normalization
“Makingavailabletothementallyretardedpatterns andconditionsoflifeclosetothoseofthe mainstream”
Normalization
“Toenablepeopletohavelifeconditionsthatareat leastasgoodasthoseoftheaveragecitizen”
SocialRoleValorization
Theenablement,establishment,enhancement, maintenance,and/ordefenseofvaluedsocial roles,particularlyforthoseatvaluerisk,byusingas muchaspossible,culturallyvaluedmeans
Wolf Wolfensberger
Wolf Wolfensberger
DEVELOPMENTOFSOCIALROLE VALORIZATION
YearDefinition
SocialRoleValorization
Theapplicationofempirical knowledgetotheshapingofthecurrent orpotentialsocialrolesofaparty,primarily bymeansofenhancementoftheparty's competenciesandimagesothattheyare,as muchaspossible,positivelyvaluedinthe eyesoftheperceivers.
Author
Wolfensberger &Thomas
Theenablement,establishment,enhancement, maintenance,anddefenseof valuedsocialrolesforpeopleparticularlythoseatvalue-risk-byusing,as muchaspossible,culturallyvaluedmeans.
Theapplicationofempiricalknowledgeto theshapingofthecurrentorpotentialsocial rolesofaparty(i.e.,person,group,orclass) _primarilybymeansofenhancementof theparty’scompetencies&image –sothattheserolesare,asmuchas possible,positivelyvaluedintheeyesof theperceivers.
“Theabilitytoperceivesomethingnotactually visiblethroughmentalacutenessorforesight. Itistheforceofpowerofimagination.” (Webster’sEncyclopedicDictionary,1984)
“Itistheactofseeingthingsinvisible.” (JonathanSwift)
Visionhelpsustoactoutofimaginationratherthan memory.
Visionisadream+acommitmenttomakethedream cometrue.
Identificationis,“Thebecomingormaking oneselfonewithanotherinfeeling, interest,oraction”(OED)
Howtoencourageidentificationwiththepeopleweserve:
1.Quietoneself,especiallyone’sintellect
2.Lookfor/discovertheessentialhumanityofothers,especiallytheir:
3.Discovermetaphors
"Ichoosetoidentifywiththeunderprivileged.I choosetoidentifywiththepoor.Ichoosetogivemy lifeforthehungry.Ichoosetogivemylifeforthose whohavebeenleftoutofthesunlightofopportunity. Ichoosetoliveforandwiththosewhofind themselvesseeinglifeasalonganddesolatecorridor withnoexitsign.ThisisthewayIamgoing.”
Dr.MartinLutherKing,Jr.August16,1966
Identificationis,“Thebecomingormakingoneselfonewith anotherinfeeling,interest,oraction”(OED)
“Ichoosetoidentifywiththepoor.Ichoosetogive mylifeforthehungry.Ichoosetogivemylifefor thosewhohavebeenleftoutofthesunlightof opportunity.”
MartinLutherKingJr.Chicago1966
“Aproblemwellstated,isa problemhalf-solved”
CharlesF.Kettering
Theattributionoflow,orevenno, valuetoapersonorgroup
Byanotherpersonorgroup
Onthebasisofsomecharacteristic (usuallyadifference)
Devaluationisnotthesameas:
Beingrude,impolite,discourteous
Dislikingaperson
1.PhysicalImpairment2.FunctionalImpairment
3.Relegationtolow(“Deviant”)status
4.Rejection,perhapsbyfamily,neighbors,community,society,service workers
5.Castintomultiplehistoricdeviancyroles
6.Symbolicstigmatizing,“marking”,“deviancy-imaging”,“branding”
7.Livinginastateofmultiplejeopardy
8.Distantiation:usuallyviasegregationandalsocongregation
9.Lossofcontrol,perhapsevenautonomyandfreedom
10.Physicaldiscontinuity
11.Socialandrelationshipdiscontinuity
12.Lossofnatural/freely-givenrelationshipsandsubstitutionof artificial/ “paid”ones
13.Deindividualization
14.Involuntarymaterialpoverty
15.Impoverishmentofexperience,especiallythatofthetypical,valued world
16.Exclusionfromknowledgeof/participationinhigher-ordervalue systems
17.Havingone’slifewasted
18.Brutalization,“Death-making”
19.Awarenessofbeingasourceofanguishtothosewholoveone
20.Awarenessofbeinganalieninthevaluedworld;personalinsecurity, perhapsdislikeofoneself
Theattributionoflow,orevenno, valuetoapersonorgroup
Byanotherpersonorgroup
Onthebasisofsomecharacteristic (usuallyadifference)
Addicts
SlowLearners
Dyslexics
Behaviors
Neurotics
CPs
Behaviors
SPMI
ODD
SPED
Fosterkid
LD’s
ADD’s
MR’s
TBIs
Cripple
ADestitute
ADowns
APWD
Educables
Trainables
Schiz’s
Chronics
Theprofounds
Wealth,materialprosperity,materialgoods
Health&Beautyofbody
Youth,newness
Competence,independence,intelligence
Productivity,achievement
(Adult)individualism&unrestrainedchoice
Hedonistic/sensualisticpleasure
Wealth,materialprosperity,materialgoods
Health&Beautyofbody
Youth,newness
Competence,independence,intelligence
Productivity,achievement
(Adult)individualism&unrestrainedchoice
Hedonistic/sensualisticpleasure
1.Howprecious/important/deeplyheldby observersarethevaluesperceivedtobeviolated bythepersonorgroup
2.Howmanyvaluesareperceivedtobeviolatedby thepersonorgroup
3.Thedegreetowhichthevaluesareperceivedto beviolatedbythepersonorgroup
APersonBecomesPerceivedor DefinedasDeviant…
1.Bybeingdifferentfromothers…
2.Inoneormoredimensions…
3.Whichareperceivedassignificantbyamajorityor rulingsegmentofsociety…
4.Whovaluethisdifferencenegatively
1.Non-Human
A.Pre-Human
B.NoLongerHuman
C.Sub-Human:Animal,Vegetable,Object
D.“Other”,Alien(i.e.,Nonhuman,butnotSubhuman)
1.Minimalintelligence:
IQBelow40–“QuestionablyaPerson”
IQBelow20–“NotaPerson”
2.Self-Awareness
3.Self-Control
4.Asenseoftime
5.Asenseoffuturity
6.Asenseofpast
7.Capabilitytorelateto others
8.Concernforothers
9.Communication
10.Controlofone’sexistence
11.Changeability,andnot beingopposedtochange
12.Balanceofrationalityand feelings
13.Curiosity
14.Idiosyncrasy
15.Neo-Corticalfunctioning
“Killingadisabledinfantisnotmorally equivalenttokillingaperson.Veryoften,itis notwrongatall.”
“Killing…achimpanzeeisworsethanthe killingofahumanbeingwho,if thereisacongenitalintellectual disability,isnotandnevercanbe aperson.”
PeterSinger,PracticalEthics (thirded.2011)
1.Non-Human
A.Pre-Human
B.NoLongerHuman
C.Sub-Human:Animal,Vegetable,Object
D.“Other”,Alien(i.e.,Nonhuman,butnotSubhuman)
2.Menace,Evil,orObjectofDread
3.WasteMaterial,Garbage,Discardable
4.Trivial,orObjectofRidicule
YOUANDI
Iamaresident. Youreside. Iamadmitted. Youmovein. Iamaggressive. Youareassertive. Ihavebehaviorproblems.Youarerude. Iamnoncompliant Youdon'tlikebeing toldwhattodo.
IhaveaCommunityActivityYouare‘goingout’ scheduledfortonight IamlearninghouseholdYouhate skillshousework Youhatehousework.
Iwantedtotalkwiththenice-lookingpersonbehindusat theshop.Iwastoldthatitisinappropriatetotalkto strangers….. Youmetyourbestfriendwhileinthemarket.
Mysupportworkerdocumentseverydayincomputer“notes” thatgotopeopleIdon’tknowviatheinternet.Itsays everythingIdidwrongandsomethingsIdidright.
YouarestillmadatyoursisterforcallingyourMomafter youhadafewglassesofwinewithfriends.
MyIEPhastengoalssetbymyspecialeducator
Youhavehighhopesforgoodaccomplishmentsthisyear.
5.ObjectofPity
6.BurdenofCharity
7.Child:
A.Eternally B.OnceAgain
8.AmbiguousborderlineroleoftheHolyInnocent
9.Client
10.Sick/DiseasedOrganism,orasaSicknessItself
11.Dying,AlreadyDead,asGoodasDead,orBetterOff Dead
Virtue
Sin/Diabolicness/Evil
Irresponsibility
Criminality/Corruption
Pity/Charity
Attractiveness
LifeRelated
Quality/ Place
Ugliness/Disorder Darkness/Blackness/Shadow
Illness/Death
Incapacity/Impairment/Weakness
Cold Old Decay
Subhumanity Incompleteness/Brokenness
Poverty Dirty Bottom/Down/Low Back Left Last,End Out
Worthlessness/Discardable
Virtue/Angelicness/Divinity
Responsibility
Lawfulness/Morality
Respect/Entitlement
Beauty/Order
Light/White/Bright
Health/Vitality
Strength/Power
Warm
New/Youth Growth
Humanity Wholeness/Completeness
Wealth Clean
Top/Up/High Front/Forward Right First,Beginning In Value
1.Puttingservicesforpeopleatvalue-riskintovalue-tainted locationsandfacilities
2.Groupingdevaluedpeopleinimage-impairingwaystoeachother
3.Applyingvalue-impairingmethods,activitiesandstructuresto devaluedpeople
4.Givingdevaluedpeoplecomical,bizarreornegativenamesand labels
5.Givingcomical,bizarre,orotherdeviancyimage-enlarging namesandlogostoagenciesandservicestodevaluedpeople
TypeofService
Institutionforpeoplewithmentalillness
DayCareCenterforchildrenwith developmentaldisabilities
Homeforneglectedorabusedyouth
Hospitalforchildren
Name
BatteyStateHospital
LooneyDayCare
WhipperHome
St.Jude’sHospital
BlueSoulsServiceforpeoplewithautism(Moldova)
ResidentialProgram-peoplewith disabilitiesandpoorpeople
AlcoholismClinic
Advocacy/TherapyCenter(Moldova)
BakerystaffedbypeoplewithDown Syndrome
HomefortheDestitute andDisabled
BahrTreatmentCenter
AutismSOS
DowniesBrownies
HolyInnocents,Inc.
Homefornewbornsandchildrenwith disabilities 43
1.Beingscapegoatedforanythingbadthathas happened/willhappen
2.Beingsuspectedofbelongingtomorethanone devaluedgroup/class
3.Beingcastintomorethanonedeviancyrole
4.Beingtreatedworseforasuspectedorrealoffense thanarevaluedpeople
5.Uponbeingvindicated,receivinglessrestitution,ifany 45
I.PhysicalDistantiation
A.PhysicalExclusion(e.g.,architecturalbarriers)
B.PhysicalSegregation:SeparateFacilitiesandGroupings, Institutions,Hostels
C.PhysicalConfinement:Prisons,someInstitutionsandAged CareHomes
D.PhysicalEjection:Banishment,Expulsion
E.PhysicalDestruction:DeadlyAssault,CapitalPunishment, TargetedAbortion,“Euthanasia”,Genocide
II.SocialDistantiation
A.AvoidanceofInteractions(e.g.,impersonalization, ignoringthepresenceofpeople)
B.UsingLanguage,DevianceImageryorOtherActionsfor SocialDegradation:
1.AgeDegradation
2.Status-Degradation
Uniforms
Tags,badges,insignia,keys
Lowsharingofphysicalspacebyworkers&“clients”
Differentfood,betterfood,orbetterfoodservice
Differentformsofaddress
Separateentrances
Separatewashrooms
Specialprivilegesforworkers
1.Beingmade/rendered/keptindependencyto Individuals,Agencies,ortheServiceStructure generally
2.HavingtoDealWith,andReportto,Offices, Agencies,Authorities
3.HavingtoFillOutForms–oftenwithoutbeingable tocopewithsuch
4.Being“Registered”
5.BeingMovedAbout
6.BeingSegregated,KeptOut,Excluded
7.BeingForcedtoLiveinDesignatedPlacesorother SpecialLocaleViaLay-outofCities(i.e., arrangementsofstreetsinto,andoutofpoor sectionsofcities)
8.BeinginInstitutions,Prisons
9.HavingOne’sAssociationsControlled
10.BeingDisenfranchised
11.BeingDenaturalized
1.Often,thecauseofadevaluedperson’sphysicaldiscontinuity isrejectionbythoseincontroloftheperson
2.Devaluedpeoplegetmovedaroundmuchmoreofteneven withinthesamelocale,agency,andfacility
3.Devaluedpeoplefrequentlygetmoved:
A.Againsttheirwillandwithouttheirconsent
B.Withlittleornopriornotice
C.As“punishment”(e.g.,asaresultofsomenegativeincidentor interaction)
4.Devaluedpeoplecommonlygetmovedinwaysand forreasonswhicharechaotic,and/orbizarre,but whicharealmostalwaysinterpretedasbeing“for theirowngood”
5.Asaresultofadiscontinuity,adevaluedperson’s situationismorelikelytoworsenthanimprove
6.Devaluedpeoplehavefewpossessionstoconnect themwiththeplaceswheretheyhavebeen, and/orareoftenunabletobringpossessionswith themwhentheyaremoved
7.Devaluedpeopledonotusuallyhavetheresources andcompetenciesofvaluedpeopletocopewith discontinuities,andtomaintaincontactwith placeswheretheyhavebeen,andwithpeoplein thoseplaces
Disorientation,confusion,andtherefore,lowered performance
Insecurity
Lossofpossessions
RelationshipLoss
Stress,oftenleadingtoillnessanddeath
Hi,I’myournew socialworker.Ijust droppedintosay ….goodbye.
1.Widespreadnegativesocietalattitudestowardspoorand otherwisedevaluedpeople
2.Oppressionandexploitationofdevalued,weak,powerless, poor,anddisabledpeoplebypowerfulandwealthyinterests
3.Exclusionofdevaluedpeoplefromsocietalparticipationand benefits,ingoodpartviasegregationandcongregation
4.Unemploymentbuiltintotheeconomyinordertokeepit stable
5.Teachingandreinforcementofdependenceandlow competenceindevaluedpeoplebysocietyandhumanservices
6.Systematicsocietalpatternsoftransferringwealthfromthe lowertotheuppersocialstrata
1.MedicalizedAbortionofImpairedUnborns
2.ActiveorPassiveMedicalizedKillingofImpaired Newborns
3.IncreasingMoveTowardWithholding/ WithdrawingofMedicalSupportsfromLong-Term MedicallyorNursingDependentPeople
4.SystematicWithdrawalofHealthcarefromthe Poor
5.SystematicandLarge-ScalePlacementofDevalued PeopleonPrescriptionPsychoactiveDrugs
6.TheAbandonmentofthePoorestPopulationsto StreetDrugs
7.“Dumping”ofDisabledPeopleintoUnsupportedand AbandonedCommunityLiving,whereSuchPersons canEndUpontheStreet,inJail,andVictimsof Violence
8.SystematicPromotionandFacilitationofSuicideby TroubledandDependentPeople
1.MedicalizedAbortionofUnwanted/Impaired Unborns
2.ActiveorPassiveMedicalizedKillingofImpaired Newborns
3.IncreasingMoveTowardWithholding/ WithdrawingofMedicalSupportsfromLong-Term MedicallyorNursingDependentPeople
4.SystematicWithdrawalofHealthcarefromthe Poor
5.SystematicandLarge-ScalePlacementofDevalued PeopleonPrescriptionPsychoactiveDrugs
6.TheAbandonmentofthePoorestPopulationsto StreetDrugs
7.“Dumping”ofDisabledPeopleintoUnsupportedand AbandonedCommunityLiving,whereSuchPersons canEndUpontheStreet,inJail,andVictimsof Violence
8.SystematicPromotionandFacilitationofSuicideby TroubledandDependentPeople
1.Preoccupationwithone’sowncondition
2.Feeling/Being/Actinglikeanalienintheworld
3.Sorrowingoverallthegoodthingsonemissed,&thebad thingsonesuffered
4.Asenseofworthlessness,dislikeofself,despair
5.Insecurity
6.Failuresets&avoidancementalities
7.Searchingfortheabandoner(i.e.,thequestfor“thewanted person”)
1.Preoccupationwithone’sowncondition
2.Feeling/Being/Actinglikeanalienintheworld
3.Sorrowingoverallthegoodthingsonemissed,&thebad thingsonesuffered
4.Asenseofworthlessness,dislikeofself,despair
5.Insecurity
6.Failuresets&avoidancementalities
7.Searchingfortheabandoner(i.e.,thequestfor“thewanted person”)
8.Fantasy&inventionsaboutpositiverelationshipsthatdo notexist&mayneverhaveexisted
9.Seeking/demandingphysicalcontact,perhapsinsatiably
10.Testingofthegenuinenessofpersonal&socialrelationships
11.Withdrawingfromhumancontact,perhapsevenfrom reality
12.Turningthehurtintoresentment/hatred
13.Rage,perhapsviolence,attheworldorself
14.Asappingofenergy–bothphysical&mental
1.Somewoundsarestruckbynature,butallcanbeinflicted bypeople
2.Beingdevaluedplacesoneathighestriskofsufferinganyor alltheotherwounds
3.Notallwoundedpeoplegetdevalued
4.Thereismuchuniversalityaboutthewoundingprocess&its transaction
5.Thereisacertainpredictabilityaboutthesequenceof wounds
6.Fewpeopleareconsciousofthewoundingdynamicsand theirconsequences
7.Peopledonotappreciatetheroleofhumanservicesin wounding
A.Beingdevaluedoftenputsoneintohumanservices
B.Humanservicesplayahugeroleininflictingwounding experiences
C.Thereisvastunconsciousness&denialinhumanservicesabout thewoundsandthehumanservicecontributiontothem
D.Thepublicoftenseesthewoundsdifferentlythanpeoplein humanservices
8.Thecycleofwoundingalsodamagessocietyandthe wounders
9.Woundsmustbedeeplyunderstoodinordertotakeaction onthem.
1.Anentireclassinsocietyissystematicallyandseverely mistreatedbythemajorityorrulingclass
2.Themistreatmentvirtuallyalwaysinvolves:
a.Impoverishment
b.Denial/Diminishmentofpoliticalvoiceandpower
3.Overthelongrun,mostmembersoftheclassatissue experienceaqualityoflifethatismuchbelowthatof thosewhoarenotmistreated
WhomIdevalue
WhomIdonotlike
WhomIdisdain,whomIdonotrespect
WhomIamnotcomfortablewith
WhomIdonotliketobewith/around/near
WhomIwanttobeawayfrom
WhomIthinkalotofotherpeopleshouldavoid
WhomIhave“speciallanguage”for
WhomIdevalue
WhomIdonotlike
WhomIdisdain,whomIdonotrespect
WhomIamnotcomfortablewith
WhomIdonotliketobewith/around/near
WhomIwanttobeawayfrom
WhomIthinkalotofotherpeopleshouldavoid
WhomIhave“speciallanguage”for
WhomIassociate/attachnegativeimagery
WhomIdevalue
WhomIdonotlike
WhomIdisdain,whomIdonotrespect
WhomIamnotcomfortablewith
WhomIdonotliketobewith/around/near
WhomIwanttobeawayfrom
WhomIthinkalotofotherpeopleshouldavoid
WhomIhave“speciallanguage”for
WhomIassociate/attachnegativeimagery
WhosewelfareIamnotconcernedabout
1.Agegroups:infants,teenagers,adults,elderly
2.Looks,appearance,groomingstyles
3.Mannerisms,habits,speechstyles
4.Personalitystyles
5.Competence,productivity,independence/dependence, helplessness
6.Power(includingmystancetowardpeople):
▪OverwhomIwieldpower
▪Whowieldpoweroverme
▪Whoareequaltomeinpower
▪WithwhomIcompete
7.Racialgroupsorcharacteristics
8.Ethnic/nationalitygroupsorcharacteristics
9.Socialclass,wealth/poverty
10.Organizations:social,fraternal,business,other
11.Professions,occupations
12.Politicalbeliefsorpartymembership
13.Religiousgroupsorbeliefs
14.Certainofficeholders
1.Howdoyourespondwhenyouseethispersonor groupofpeople?
2.Whatdoyouthinkthefutureshouldholdforthis personorgroupofpeople?
3.Pleaserankordereachgroupfrommostdevaluedto leastdevalued
4.Pleasewritedownatleastoneinsightyouhavehad fromdoingthisexercise.
1.HumanService:anythingdonebyoneormorepersons to/forotherpersonsthatisintendedtobehelpfuland beneficial
2.FormalService:anyservicethatisorganized,often incorporatedanddeliveredbyaprivateorpublic organization
3.InformalService:anyservicethatisofferedoutsidethe contextofanorganizationorformalpaidarrangement; oftendoneaspartofone’sordinarylife,oftenspontaneous
4.Programmatic:dealswithwhatwouldaddress recipient’sneedsandthereforebebeneficialto them
5.Non-Programmatic:everythingelsethateither constrainsorfacilitatestheaddressofrecipient’s needs
Pg.108
FUNDING:
Inadequatefunds
Requirementsattachedtofunds
Perceivedneedtocontrolexpenditures
HISTORICAL:
Historicallocation
Oldcommitments
Previousboarddecisions
Free/inexpensivebuildings
LEGAL/JUDICIAL:
Whatisforbidden
Whatispermissible
Whatismandated
Licensingrequirements:
Health&Safety
Fire
Zoning
Restrictedchoiceoflocationbecausesitemustbe government-ownedland
Court-imposeddeinstitutionalizationdeadlines
POLITICAL:
Pressurestopleaseapowerfulpublicfigureorafriendofsuchaperson
Desiretoappeasemilitantadvocacygroups
STAFF:
Availability
Training&Qualifications
Whattheyliketodo
Uniondemands/requirements/pressures
Controlover
PERSONALITY:
Actors’thirstforrecognition,fame
Feudingfactions
Other“personalagendas”
1.Tochangeperceptionsofperceiversopositive socialjudgmentswillbemade
2.Toassistpeoplewithadevaluedstatustohavea fullandmeaningfullife–“Thegoodthingsoflife”
Asocialrolemaybedefinedasasociallyexpected patternofbehaviors,responsibilities, expectations,andprivileges
Observer, deeply influenced byvarious factors
RelativisticSocialJudgment, Transformed/FilteredBy:
1.GoodHealth;security,safety,protection
2.Ahome
Person/ Group observed
person’s/group’s
3.Friends,family,lovedones;belonginginanintimategroup
4.Acceptance,welcoming
5.Notbeingseenasodd,strange
6.Havingasay
7.Freedomofmovement
8.Accesstotheplaceswhereordinaryeverydaylifeisconducted
9.Opportunitiestodiscover&developtalents
10.Havingsomethingimportanttocontribute&beingacknowledged
11.Accesstowork,especiallyvalued&adequatelycompensatedwork
12.Fair&Justtreatment/Respect
13.Beingtreatedasanindividual
1.Valuedrolesgiveaperson“APlace”insociety
2.Valuedrolesaffectallaspectsofaperson’slife
3.Valuedrolesenablepeopletoexperiencevalued participationinsociety
4.Themorevaluedtherolesthatapersonholds,themore likelyitisthatthe“goodthingsoflife”willcometothat person
5.Valuedsocialroleshelptocompensateforandeven overcomestigma
6.Valuedsocialrolesmayaffordsomeprotection
7.Valuedsocialrolescanberestorativeandhealing
Theenablement,establishment,enhancement, maintenance,and/ordefenseof valuedsocialrolesforpeople–particularly thoseatvalue-riskbyusing,asmuchaspossible, culturallyvaluedmeans
Theapplicationofempiricalknowledgetotheshaping ofthecurrentorpotentialsocialrolesofaparty(i.e., person,group,orclass)
primarilybymeansofenhancementoftheparty’s competencies&image
sothattheserolesare,asmuchaspossible, positivelyvaluedintheeyesoftheperceivers.
1.Theissueofunconsciousness
2.Positivecompensationfordisadvantage
3.Thedynamicsofinterpersonalidentification
4.Thepowerofmindsetsandexpectancies
5.Powerofroleexpectanciesandrolecircularity
6.Symbolismandimageryuse
7.Servicemodelcoherency
8.Personalcompetencyenhancementinadevelopmentalmodel
9.Powerofimitationandmodeling
10.Personalsocialintegration,andvaluedsocialandsocietal participation
A.Whichcanbeencounteredwithatleastreasonable frequencyinthevaluedsectorofsociety.
B.Withwhichmostmembersofsocietywouldbe familiar.
C.Ofwhichmostmembersofthesocietywouldhold mostpositiveexpectationsandimages.
Inotherwords,“Whathappensforpeople whohaveasocietallyvaluedstatus?” (FromWolfensbergerandThomas,1983)
OtherPhrasesforCVA
Inotherwords,“Whathappensfor peoplewhohaveasocietally valuedstatus?”
CulturallyValuedAnalogue“CVA”
Culture-appropriateness/Cultureinappropriateness
Age-appropriateness/ Age-inappropriateness
CulturallyValuedAnalogue“CVA”
Culture-appropriateness/Cultureinappropriateness
Age-appropriateness/ Age-inappropriateness
1.Conflictsbetweenindividuals’orsocialsystems’higheridealsand baserdrivesresultinrepressionintounconsciousnessofimpulses andbeliefsjudgedas“unworthy”
FairlyStraightforward PunishmentConcepts:
PunishmentRoom, ConfinementRoom, SolitaryConfinement
1.Conflictsbetweenindividuals’orsocialsystems’higheridealsand baserdrivesresultinrepressionintounconsciousnessofimpulses andbeliefsjudgedas“unworthy”
2.Muchlearningisunconscious
CounthowmanytimestheplayersinthewhiteT shirtspasstheball
1.Conflictsbetweenindividuals’orsocialsystems’higheridealsand baserdrivesresultinrepressionintounconsciousnessofimpulses andbeliefsjudgedas“unworthy”
2.Muchlearningisunconscious
3.Gradualattritionover“generations”intheconsciousinterpretation andaffirmationofrationalesforpractices
4.Themorecomplexaphenomenonisthelessintelligibleitisto humans
PARTOFOURPROBLEMTODAYISTHATWEHAVEA SURPLUSOFSIMPLEANSWERSANDASHORTAGE OFSIMPLEPROBLEMS
“Today’sChuckle”
SyracusePost-Standard
1.Conflictsbetweenindividuals’orsocialsystems’higheridealsand baserdrivesresultinrepressionintounconsciousnessofimpulses andbeliefsjudgedas“unworthy”
2.Muchlearningisunconscious
3.Gradualattritionover“generations”intheconsciousinterpretation andaffirmationofrationalesforpractices
4.Themorecomplexaphenomenonisthelessintelligibleitisto humans
5.Thenaturaltendencyofformalorganizationalprocessesistoward loweredconsciousness
6.Systematicmodeling,evenexaltation,ofunconsciousnessand/or systematicextinction/punishmentofconsciousness
I.Somefuelsofdevaluationareapparentlybuilt-in:
A.Tohumannature:
1.Fearoftheunknown
2.Aspartof“tribalisms”thatsupportinternalcohesionat thecostofdefiningoutsidersasdeviant
3.Aspartofthesocialstratificationencounteredinall societies
B.Thepriceofsocialorderrestsonnegativeinterpretation ofpeoplewhoviolateothersandthelaw
I.Needforattainmentofidentityandsecurityby defininganddefendingtheself(e.g.,intermsof whatconstitutes):
A.Humanness
B.Worth(e.g.,value,morality,competencies)
C.Thesocialboundariesofsocietyandsocialgroupings andwhatliesbeyond
II.Stratification,status,andprivilege,especiallyintherealm of:
A.Economics,whichcommonlymeansthatsomepeople mustbemade/keptpoortoassurethat:
▪Richcanstayrich
▪Poorwillperformnecessarybutunpleasantchores
▪Livelihoodof“deviancymakers”isassured
RECYCLINGOFWEALTHTHROUGHSUBSIDIZEDORPAID CONSUMPTION& NON-PRODUCTIVEEMPLOYMENT
FakeWork(e.g.,thesales&adbusiness)
Services,includinghumanservices &certainkindsofeducation
Warfare,&itspreparation
AGRICULTURE &HUSBANDRY MANUFACTURE, CONSTRUCTION
II.Stratification,status,andprivilege,especiallyintherealm of:
A.Economics,whichcommonlymeansthatsomepeople mustbemade/keptpoortoassurethat:
▪Richcanstayrich
▪Poorwillperformnecessarybutunpleasantchores
▪Livelihoodof“deviancymakers”isassured
B.Class/status/powermaintenanceandenhancement, regardlessofeconomicadvantages
III.Needforscapegoatingtensionrelease,especially intimesofstress,by:
A.Explainingphenomenathatarecomplex,andpossibly otherwiseunintelligible,ashavingbeencausedby (deviant)people
B.Legitimizingpunishing/mistreatmentofpresumed malefactors,therebyreleasingfrustration
II.Manyreligiousandsocio-politicalidealstowhichpeople assentprohibitthedevaluationsthatflowinevitablyfrom thenegativeinterpretations
III.Thisleadstoaclashbetweenpeople’sidealsandtheirtrue feelingsandactions
CLASH
IV.Inordertoresolvethisclash,devaluingsentimentsjudged unworthybytheidealizedconsciencearedriven “intohiding” intheunconscious
V.Unconsciousrepressed feelingsceaselessly pressforrelease
VI.Ifnotexpresseddirectly,theyinevitablyemergeindirectly(e.g., symbolically)
Corollary
Apropositionthatfollowsfromanotherthathas alreadybeenproved;aninferenceordeduction; anythingthatfollowsasanormalresult
Conservatism
Makingavailable/choosingthemostvaluedoptionon behalfofapersonwhohasadevaluedstatus–“most valuedoption”corollary
I.Mostpeoplehaveatleastsomewoundingexperiencesintheir lives.
II.However,therearesomecrucialdifferencesbetweenvalued peopleanddevaluedpeople(andtheirfamilies): A.Devaluedpeople(andtheirfamilies)existinastateof “heightenedvulnerability”
1.Theymaybemembersofagrouporclassthatis collectively,stereotypicallydevalued
2.Manyhaveexperiencedlong-standingwoundingand degradation
3.Theymayhaveneverbeenaccordedvaluedstatusor class
4.Theyaremorelikelytosuffermultiplewoundsand stressfullives
5.Theyarelikelytocontinuetobesubjectedtorelentless, repeatedwounding,tothepointofdeathmaking
3.Theymayhaveneverbeenaccordedvaluedstatusor class
4.Theyaremorelikelytosuffermultiplewoundsand stressfullives
5.Theyarelikelytocontinuetobesubjectedtorelentless, repeatedwounding,tothepointofdeathmaking
B.Woundsinflictedondevalued/vulnerablepartieshavemuch moreserious,long-term,pervasiveimpactthanthesame woundsinflictedonarelativelyvalued/non-vulnerableparty
C.Somepracticesthatarenormative(oreven enhancing)topeopleofthevaluedculturemaybe harmfulifengagedinbyadevalued/vulnerable partybecausethemeasureinsomewayfurther heightensthatparty’sinitialvulnerability
1.Themorevulnerableaperson/familyis,thegreateristheneedfor, andthepositiveimpactof:
A.Preventingadditionalwounds
B.Reducingexistingdevaluation,impairment,orother vulnerabilityevenbyonlyasmallamount
C.Providingpositivecompensation–even“bendingover backwards”–tobalanceoffthevulnerabilityordevaluation
1.Themorevulnerableaperson/familyis,thegreateristheneedfor, andthepositiveimpactof:
A.Preventingadditionalwounds
B.Reducingexistingdevaluation,impairment,orother vulnerabilityevenbyonlyasmallamount
C.Providingpositivecompensation–even“bendingover backwards”–tobalanceoffthevulnerabilityordevaluation
2.Whenthereisarangeofavailablemeasures/optionsforenhancing socialimageorpersonalcompetency(oralleviatingvulnerability) themorevaluedandleast“risky”measureistheadaptiveoneto prevent,reduceandcompensateforvulnerability
STATISTICALLY COMMON TYPICAL PREVALENT LESS COMMON, AND NEGATIVELY VALUED LESS COMMON, BUT HIGHLY VALUED
1.Themostvaluedoptionmaynotbefeasible
2.Neutral/valuedmeasuresforvaluedpeoplecan sometimesbecomedevaluingwhenappliedtoalready devalued/marginalpeople
3.Thevalueattachedtocertainmeasuressometimes variesaccordingtocontext
4.Somemeasuresmayconflictwitheachotherincertain situationsandincertainpeople’slives
1.Gettingprivilegedpeopletoseethemselvesin peoplewhoaredevaluedoratrisk
2.Gettingdevaluedpeopletoidentifywithpersons ofadaptiveidentity,andlooktothemasmodels
1.Improvingtheapproachabilityofeachpartybythe other
2.Improvingthelikelihoodthatwhencontactoccurs,itis positive
3.Findingandemphasizingcommonalitiessharedbythe parties
4.Engagingeachpartyinexperienceswillhelpthemsee theworldthroughoneanother’seyes
5.Fosteringeachparty’ssenseofresponsibilityforone another
6.Engaginginsharedexperiences,particularlyintense sharedexperiences
Observer, deeply influenced byvarious factors
RelativisticSocialJudgment, Transformed/FilteredBy:
Observer’sown characteristics &experiences, including expectation fromprevious contactswith observed person/group
Characteristics of observer’s physical environment (e.g., deprivation, stress)
Person/ Group observed
Characteristics ofobserver’s social environment (e.g.,values, expectations, norms, conventions) Whatis actually observed (i.e.,another person’s/group’s “appearance”or behavior
“....regardlessofthediseaseorcondition,about30-40%ofpeoplecanhavesignificantimprovement intheirsymptomsevenwhentakingaplacebo(sugar)pill,iftheybelievethatthepillisgoingtobe helpful.Equallyfascinating,isthe‘noceboeffect’,apsychologicalresponsebasedonaperson's expectationsaroundsideeffects.Whenaphysicianemphasizesthepotentialsideeffectsofa medicine,andthepatientbelievestheywilldevelopthosesymptoms,evenifgivenasugarpill,these patientscandeveloptheadversesideeffects,justbasedonwhattheirmindexpects.”
-Dr.JacobTowery
https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2021/09/mindsets-clearing-lens-life
LR0 Second projector slide
Raj, Leela, 2024-07-31T05:01:32.424
Slide 396
LR0 Second projector slide
Raj, Leela, 2024-07-31T05:01:51.986
“IWOULDN’THAVEBELIEVEDITIF IHADN’TSEENIT” (SEEINGISBELIEVING)
“IWOULDN’THAVESEENITIF IHADN’TBELIEVEDIT” (BELIEVINGISSEEING)
Studentswithsignificantdisabilitieshavemuch morepotentialthanmostpeopleassume;
Allpeoplewithdisabilitiesmusthavethe opportunitytolivetheirlivesastheychooseto; and
LR0
Second projector slide Raj, Leela, 2024-07-31T05:02:26.109
Thenatureofhumannature
Howpeopleperceiveandvalueeachother
Whatisthe“goodlife”andwhatpeoplecanand shoulddotoattainthe“goodlife”
Whatpeopleneedandhowneedsshouldbe addressed
Whathumanscanaccomplishandwhatonecan expectfromhumans
Stereotypesofpeople
Howsupportsshouldberenderedandwhatmakes supportsgood
FirstImpressions
Experiencedearlyinlife
Intense
Confirmingofearlierstereotypes
Dramaticallycounterto expectations
Observer, deeply influenced byvarious factors
RelativisticSocialJudgment, Transformed/FilteredBy:
Observer’sown characteristics &experiences, including expectation fromprevious contactswith observed person/group
Characteristics of observer’s physical environment (e.g., deprivation, stress)
Characteristics ofobserver’s social environment (e.g.,values, expectations, norms, conventions)
Person/ Group observed
Whatis actually observed (i.e.,another person’s/group’s “appearance”or behavior
LR0 Second projector slide Raj, Leela, 2024-07-31T05:40:24.703
LR0 Second projector slide Raj, Leela, 2024-07-31T05:53:23.615
Slide 405
LR0 Second projector slide Raj, Leela, 2024-07-31T12:11:19.349
“IWOULDN’THAVEBELIEVEDITIF IHADN’TSEENIT” (SEEINGISBELIEVING)
“IWOULDN’THAVESEENITIF IHADN’TBELIEVEDIT” (BELIEVINGISSEEING)
Thenatureofhumannature
Howpeopleperceiveandvalueeachother
Whatisthe“goodlife”andwhatpeoplecanandshould dotoattainthe“goodlife”
Whatpeopleneedandhowneedsshouldbeaddressed
Whathumanscanaccomplishandwhatonecanexpect fromhumans
Stereotypesofpeople
Howsupportsshouldberenderedandwhatmakes supportsgood
FirstImpressions
Experiencedearlyinlife
Intense
Confirmingofearlierstereotypes
Dramaticallycountertoexpectations
Observer, deeply influenced byvarious factors
RelativisticSocialJudgment, Transformed/FilteredBy:
Observer’sown characteristics &experiences, including expectation fromprevious contactswith observed person/group
Characteristics of observer’s physical environment (e.g., deprivation, stress)
Characteristics ofobserver’s social environment (e.g.,values, expectations, norms, conventions)
Person/ Group observed
Whatis actually observed (i.e.,another person’s/group’s “appearance”or behavior
1.Non-Human
A.Pre-Human
B.NoLongerHuman
C.Sub-Human:Animal,Vegetable,Object
D.“Other”,Alien(i.e.,Nonhuman,butnotSubhuman)
2.Menace,Evil,orObjectofDread
3.WasteMaterial,Garbage,Discardable
4.Trivial,orObjectofRidicule
5.ObjectofPity
6.BurdenofCharity
7.Child: A.Eternally B.OnceAgain
8.AmbiguousborderlineroleoftheHolyInnocent
9.Client
10.Sick/DiseasedOrganism,orasaSicknessItself
11.Dying,AlreadyDead,asGoodasDead,orBetterOff Dead
ADULTWITHDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIESINROLEOFCHILD
AdultSeen andTreated asaChild
SeenandTreated byOthersas Child-Like
SeesSelf asa Child
Responds asa Child
ROLEOFEMPLOYEE
SeenandTreatedas anEmployee: Competentand Capable
SeenandTreatedby
OthersasCompetent andCapable
SeesSelfasa Capableand CompetentEmployee
Respondsasa Competentand CapableEmployee
1.Helppeopleatriskofdevaluationavoidbecoming entrappedinnegativerolecircularities
2.Embedpersonsatriskintopositiverole circularities
3.Helppeoplewhoareentrappedinnegativerole feedbackloopstobreakoutofthese
4.Helpsuchpeopletoenterpositiverolecircularities
1.Apersonisinanew/unfamiliarsituation
2.Therearepositiverolemodelsinthe environment
3.Thepeoplegivingtheroleexpectancy messagesdosowithauthorityand expertise
1.Physicalsettingsandenvironments. 2.Personalpresentation
3.Socialcontexts,i.e.peoplearoundaperson
4.Language
5.Activities,behaviorsandusesoftime
6.Miscellaneous
1.Physicalsettingsandenvironments.
2.Personalpresentation
3.Socialcontexts,i.e.peoplearoundaperson
4.Language
5.Activities,behaviorsandusesoftime
6.Miscellaneous
1.Imposinginconsistentrolesonaperson
a.Withinaservice
b.Betweenoramongservices
2.Takingawaydevaluedpeople’smeaningfulandpositiveroles
3.Imposingrolesmainlytobenefit
a.Otherpeople
b.Theservice
4.Imposingdestructiveroles
5.Inappropriatelytakingrolesawayfrompeoplethattheymaybe afraidtogiveup
1.Thedevaluedperson’srolemodelsarelikelytobemostly devalued/negativeones
2.Almostallenvironmentsfordevaluedpeopleconveynegative roleexpectancies
3.Thedevaluedpersonisapttoreceivenegativerolemessages fromalmostallthepeoples/heencounters
4.Devaluedpeoplehaveusuallybeensocializedintonegative rolesoveralongperiodoftime
5.Thedevaluedpersonmayfeelveryinsecureinanyotherrole otherthanafamiliar(negative)one
1.Practiceconsciousnessofthemeaninganduseof rolecommunicators
2.Tothedegreethatapersonhasbeenrolediminished,trytobestowpositiverolesorrole elements
3.Innewsituations:
a.Immediatelyimposepositive,demandingexpectancies
b.Havepositiverolemodelsinplace
4.Associatepersonswhohavebeenrole-diminished withpeopleinhigh-statusroles
5.Chooseandsupportroleswhichconfirmaperson’s positive/specialidentities,talents,gifts
6.AddvaluetorolesbyClarifyingandrecognizing positiveelementsineachperson’srole(s)
7.Constructrolesandrolecommunicatorsof/for serviceworkers
1.Whensupportingapersontolearnaroleconsciouslyusethe feedbackloopandrolecommunicators
2.Innewsituations:
Havehighexpectations
Plentyofrolemodels
3.Chooseandsupportrolesthatconfirmaperson’sidentity,talentsand gifts
4.Thinkintermsofasmanyvaluedrolesaspossibleeveniftheperson yousupportcanonlyfillpartofsomeoftheroles
Virtue
Attractiveness
LifeRelated
Sin/Diabolicness/Evil
Irresponsibility
Criminality/Corruption Pity/Charity
Ugliness/Disorder Darkness/Shadow
Illness/Death
Incapacity/Impairment/Weakness
Cold Old Decay
Subhumanity Incompleteness/Brokenness
Quality/ Place
Poverty Dirty Bottom/Down/Low Back Left Last,End Out Worthlessness/Discardable
Virtue/Angelicness/Divinity Responsibility
Lawfulness/Morality
Respect/Entitlement
Beauty/Order
Light/White/Bright
Health/Vitality
Strength/Power
Warm
New/Youth Growth
Humanity
Wholeness/Completeness
Wealth
Clean
Top/Up/High Front/Forward Right
First,Beginning In Value
1.Socialstatus(e.g.,valueandrespectorlowvalue,poweror powerlessness/voicelessness)
2.Socialroles(e.g.,developingpersonorstunted,healthypersonor “patient”,citizentaxpayeror“socialleech”)
3.AgeIdentity(e.g.,matureadultoreternalchild,typicalyoungsteror prematurelyold)
4.Similaritytoothersandplaceinsociety(e.g.,memberofthe communityoroutcast)
5.Competence(e.g.,intelligenceandskillorincapacity,strengthor weakness,abilityorimpairment)
6.Miscellaneouspersonalattributesorcharacteristics(e.g., attractivenessorugliness,wealthorpoverty,alertnessor insensitivity)
1.Animagemessageenlargesorreinforcesa pre-existingmind-set,stereotype, expectancy
2.Itisconveyedbymultiplecommunication channels
3.Itimpactsontheunconsciousofreceivers
4.Itissentoutrelentlessly
CharacteristicsofthePhysicalSetting:
Internal&/orexternalappearanceaspects:
▪Harmonywithneighborhood
▪Consistencywithculturallyvaluedanalogue
▪Beauty,upkeep,&seasonalappointments
▪Age-appropriateness
Location/Proximity
History
SocialJuxtapositions,Associations,&Groupings: Peopleserved,perhapsasclients
Paidorunpaidservers:staff,volunteers,others
PersonalImagery:
Appearance
Possessions
AutonomyandRights
Language:
Personalnamesandlabels
Servicenamesandlabels
Settingandlocationnames
Activities,TimeUse,&Rhythms:
Typesofactivitiesandservices
Combination/Separationof functions
Schedulesandroutines
MiscellaneousServiceAspects
Administrationandlaw
Funding
Symbolsandlogos
CharacteristicsofthePhysicalSetting:
Internal&/orexternalappearanceaspects:
▪Harmonywithneighborhood
▪Consistencywithculturallyvaluedanalogue
▪Beauty,upkeep,&seasonalappointments
▪Age-appropriateness
Location/Proximity
History
SocialJuxtapositions,Associations,&Groupings: Peopleserved,perhapsasclients
Paidorunpaidservers:staff,volunteers,others
PERSONSERVED
STAFFMEMBER
IdentifiedasDeviant
Placedingroupsof otherdeviantPEOPLE SERVED &STAFFMEMBERS
ImitatesotherPEOPLE SERVED &STAFFMEMBERS Expectedtoactdeviantly
SociallyDevalued
BOTH
Perceivedasmore deviant BOTH
SUBCULTURE OF DEVIANCY
PEOPLESERVED &STAFFMEMBERS Actdeviantly
Keptingroupsofdeviant
PEOPLESERVED&STAFF MEMBERS
Socialties&relationshipswithdeviant
PEOPLESERVED&STAFFMEMBERS
EXAMPLEOF GROUPS
CONDITIONSSERVICEDRIFT CREATING DEVIANCY
Retired/NonCertified Teachers
SpecialEducation
Institutions Unlicensed Don’tspeakthe language Physicians
PersonalImagery: Appearance
Possessions
AutonomyandRights
Language:
Personalnamesandlabels
Servicenamesandlabels
Settingandlocationnames
Activities,TimeUse,&Rhythms: Typesofactivitiesandservices
Combination/Separationof functions
Schedulesandroutines
MiscellaneousServiceAspects
Administrationandlaw
Funding
Symbolsandlogos
1.Thereisagreatdealofunconsciousness,andrelativelylittle consciousness,inallhumanendeavors
2.Symboliccommunicationisvery“primitive”behavior,withmany symbolsdeeplyrootedinthe“collectiveunconscious”
3.Totalityofwhatsymbolsusedtomeanandthereforethemessages theystillcarry,isoftenunknownorforgotten
4.Inconsistencyinbeliefsorvaluesleadstorepressionofless“noble” beliefofvalue;whateverisrepressedinunconsciousnessseeks expression,usuallysymbolically
5.Symboliccommunicationisoftendirectedtowardsthereceiver’s unconscious
6.Evenwhentheyimpactstrongly,symboliccommunicationsare difficulttodecode(inpartbecauseofalltheabove)andare thereforeveryresistanttoconsciousanalysisandresolution
EXAMPLES
Adultswithdisabilitiesasresidentsinnursing home
Children&adolescentswithdisabilitiesorthe elderlyinsame“daycare”center
Specialeducationprogramforadolescents withmentalretardationinelementaryschool
LONG-TERMSYSTEMICOUTCOME
Adultsseenashopeless
Adolescentsseenashopeless;elderly seenaschildish
Youngadultsseenaschildish
Duetolocation:
3facilitiesbuiltin/oncemeteries
11serviceslocatedadjacentto,verycloseto,oroverlooking cemeteries
2serviceslocatedinformerfuneralhomes
7serviceslocatedadjacentto,orverycloseto,funeralhomes
1servicewasalmostlocatedinaformermorgue
1servicelocatedclosetoacountycoroner
1serviceinformerhospital
4facilitieslocatedon“deadend”streets
3facilitieslocatedadjacent,ornearlyso,togarbagedumps
Duetoadministrationandpersonnel:
1nursinghomeadministratorwhoisanembalmer
MortuarySciencestudentscommonlyemployedasorderliesin variousnursinghomes
ChairpersonofDeath&Dyingorganizationservedasdirectorof commissiononaging
FuneralDirectorisleaderinaservicetoelderlypeople
Duetonames:
5death-imagednamesoffacilities:ToomeyAbbotTowers,VanDuyn Home&Hospital,MapleLawnNursingHome,LymestoneGardens, TwinElmsNursingHome
Miscellaneousotherdeathimages:
1Facilityhasa“MemorialLane”ongrounds
Newsonelderlyandtheirservicesoftencarriedonobituary pagesoflocalpapers
Alargecrossandgravestone-shapedmarkerinfrontofa high-risebeingconstructedfortheelderly
1.Expressessocialdevaluationlargelyintherealmofthe unconscious
2.Teachesthatagroupshouldbedevalued:
a.Massively,tomanypeople
b.Overgenerations
c.Inawaythatcanstillallowpeopletocontinuetogivelipservice andtokenobediencetohigherideals
3.Ensuresthatdevaluationwillneverbefullyrecognizedand rootedout,evenwithinanyoneindividual
4.Confirmsdevaluedstatusofvictim(s)intheirowneyesandthose ofsociety
5.LegitimizesDistantiationandsegregation
6.Freezesdevaluedpeopleintonegativelyvaluedandcompetencydiminishingroles
7.Legitimizes,andeveninvites,brutalization,evengenocide,of negatively-imagedpersons/groups
8.Enablesrealsocialpoliciesofdevaluation,hatredandoppression tobeperpetrated,despiterecurringeffortstoremediatethe victims’plight
9.Raisesalotofmoney
1.Imageissuedoesn’texist;negativejuxtapositionsarecoincidentalor selectivelypublicized
2.Peopledonotnoticeimages
3.Peopledonotrespondtoimagery
4.Peopleshouldnotnoticeorrespondto(negative)imagery,and therefore,imageryneednotbeaddressed
5.Imageenhancementofdevaluedpeopleis“merelycosmetic”and thuslacksrealityorimport,orisevenphony
6.Thereisnoconnectionbetweendeviancyimageryandother devaluationsofdevaluedpeople
7.Benefitsofsomenegativeimagesfaroutweighthecost(e.g.,infund raising)
I.Fundamental,oftenunconsciousassumptionsand theoriesabout:
A.Thenatureoftheworldandthemeaning(s)oflife
B.Thenatureofhumannature
1.Whatishumannessandwhoishuman
2.Whatmotivatespeopleandinfluencestheir behavior
3.Whoandwhatisvaluableandimportant
C.Problemparameters
1.Definition
2.Cause(s)
3.“Solutions” II.Thepeoplereceivingtheservice
II.Thepeoplereceivingtheservice
III.Theprogram“content”(i.e.,whatisgivenor donetothepeople)
II.Thepeoplereceivingtheservice
III.Theprogram“content”(i.e.,whatisgivenordonetothe people)
IV.Theprogram“processes”(i.e.,howthecontentis rendered):
A.Methodsused,includingsetting
B.Languageadoptedandusedinandaboutthe serviceandtoandaboutthepeople
C.Howpeoplearegroupedtoreceivethecontent
D.Identityoftheservers(i.e.,the“workers”)
Whoarethepeopletobeserved; Whatdotheyneed; Andhowshouldwhattheyneedbedelivered: Usingwhatmethods, Inwhatsettings, Inwhatkindofgrouping, Bywhatservers, &howshouldallofthisbetalkedabout?
1.Medical
2.SocialCaseWork
3.Behavioristic
4.Commercial/Industrial
5.Developmental
6.Pity-Charity
7.HolyInnocent
8.Military/Disciplinary
9.Menace–Detentive
10.Subhuman–Animal
11.DeathSocialization
Medical
Medicallyimaged
Medicallytrained personnel
Medicallanguage
Process
Directionsof Coherency
Peoplewhoaresick
Peoplewhoarein
needofrestoration ofhealth
Restoration ofhealth
Content
Relevance:
WhatDoRecipientsNeed?
WhatDoTheyNeedMorethanOtherThings?
AreTheyGettingIt?
Potency:
WhatAretheMostPowerfulWaysofDelivering theContent?
1.Relevance:Precisematchingofservicecontenttorecipient’s needs
A.Majorissuesandneedsarecorrectlyidentifiedand addressed
B.Whereverameasuretriestoaddresstheneedsofmore than1person,relevantfocusforeachpersonispreserved
2.Potency:
A.Themosteffectiveprocessesareusedforconveyinga content
B.Arecipient’stimeisusedwithintensityandefficiency
3.Inimplementation,noavoidableharmisinflicted
1.Bodilyintegrity&health,andthecapacityto protect&maintainthese
2.Bodilycompetence:strength,agility,stamina
3.Self-helpskills
4.Capacitytoprojectapositivepersonalappearance
5.Communication
6.Intellectualability,skills,habits&disciplines
7.Motivation,initiative,anddrive
8.Competent&responsibleexerciseofpersonal autonomy&control
9.Adequatevolitionalcontroloverone’simpulses& movements
10.Confidence,self-possession
11.Social&relationshipcompetency
12.Unfolding&expressionofself,individuality
Whyispersonalcompetencyenhancement soimportantinthelivesofallpeople?
1.Competencydevelopmentandexerciseisthenaturalgrowth modeofhumans
2.Personalcompetencyishighlyculturallyvalued
3.Themorecompetentanindividualis,themoreaccepting societywillbeofanynegativelyvalueddifferencess/hemay have
4.Thepossessionofcompetenciesislikelytoenableaperson toovercomeafunctionalimpairment
5.Competenciesarenecessaryinordertoperform valuedroles
6.Peoplewhooncepossessedcompetencieswillbe morevaluedevenaftertheylosethem
7.Competencyenhancementisthestatedgoaland explicitmissionofmosthumanservices
I.Humansachievegreaterwell-beingviaconsciousness,activityand engagement,thanviaidleness,incoherency,alienation
I.Humansachievegreaterwell-beingviaconsciousness,activityand engagement,thanviaidleness,incoherency,alienation
II.Humanbeinghavevastlymoregrowthpotentialthanis:
A.Realizedbymostpeople
B.Elicitedbymanyroledefinitionsandexpectationandbymost humanservices
C.Apparentinaspecificindividual:Thefullgrowthpotentialof apersoncannotbepredicted;itonlybecomesapparentwhen theperson’slifeandgrowthconditionsareoptimized
1.Generally,asuitableserviceispotentiallymoreimpactful:
a.Theearlierinlifeitisbegun
b.Thesoonerafteronsetofanimpairmentorvulnerabilityitis begun
c.Onpeoplewhoareseverelyimpaired,moresothanmildly impaired
2.Ifrelievedfromfears,insecurity,anxieties,andotherpersonality constrictions,peoplewithdisabilitiescanshowdramaticgains,even inmeasuredintelligence,anytimeduringtheirlives
3.Peopleshouldbeaffordedtheleastrestrictiveservice (i.e.,neithermoreservicesnorrestrictionsshouldbe imposedthanthatpersonneeds)
4.Vastlymoreknowledgeandtechnologyexistsabout howtoadvancepeopletowardtheirpotentialthanis knownby,orutilizedin,anyoneservice;therefore, nomatterhowgoodanyservice/agencyisthere existsabetterway
1.Theassumptionsandimplicationsofthedevelopmentalmodelareof universalrelevanceto:
a.Peopleofallagesanddegreesofability
b.Alltypesofservices:educational,habilitation,residential, medical,correctional,etc.
2.Becausedevelopmentalpotentialismoreoftenunderestimatedthan overestimated,oneshouldalwaysbeaggressiveinone’s expectationsofwhatapersoncanlearn,achieve,become
3.Nexttosheermaintenanceoflife,adevelopmentalapproach/model isprobablythemostimportantrequirementofahumanservice
4.SocialRoleValorizationisoneofanumberofembodimentsofthe developmentalmodelandisprobablythemostsystematicofthese
1.LearningorAcquisition:Acquiringnewskills& competencies
2.Performance:Utilizingtheskills&competencies alreadypossessed
3.Knowledge:Cognition,understanding
4.Skill:Abilitytouseknowledgeonepossesses
5.Habits&Disciplines:Thingsonedoesroutinely, customarily
1.Reducingobstaclestoanexpandedbehavioralrepertoire:
a.Inthephysicalenvironment
b.Inthesocialenvironment
c.In/ofthebody
a.Directly
b.Indirectly,viaprosthesesandorthotics
d.Inthemind:mindset,motivation,etc.
2.Actualfacilitationoffunctionalitythrough
a.Thephysicalenvironment
b.Thesocialenvironment
c.Otherteachingpractices
3.Useofcompetency-enhancingpersonalmaterialsupportsand equipment
3.Useofcompetency-enhancingpersonalmaterialsupportsand equipment
4.Physicalsettingfeatures(asapplicable)thatpromoteperson’sgrowth:
▪Easilyaccessiblesetting
▪Locatedamidstresourcesthatprovideopportunitiesfor competencydevelopment
▪Physicallycomfortable
▪Competency-challengingenvironmentthatisneitherover-nor under-protective
5.Promotionofestablishmentofculturallyvalued:
•Autonomyandrights
•Interpersonalinteractions
•Socio-sexualidentity
Whatdoyouseeas aspectsofthisprogram whichmightenhancethe competenciesofthe studentswithintellectual disabilities?
MODEL/ DEMONSTRATOR IDENTITY
LINKSTOEACHOTHER
LEARNERIDENTITY
ModelsarepresentinsufficientnumbersOneormore personswhocan/ willperformdesired behaviors
Hascharacteristics thatlearner admires,values, aspiresto,identifies with
Actually,perhaps habitually,performs behaviors
1.Familyandkin
•Parents
•Spouse,partner
•Children
2.Intimategroups,“beliefcommunities”andclose secondarygroups
•Church,co-religiousgroups
•Politicalpartyorbeliefgroups
•Ethnicgroup
•Fraternalsocieties
•Peoplewithsimilarworldorsocialviews
A.Failuretorecognizethepowerofimitation:
1.Substitutinganinferiorpedagogy,perhapsevenaspurportedly superior
2.Failuretorecognizeitspowerinreferencetoaspecificgroup
B.Acknowledgementofitspowerwithaspecificgroup,butexplicit rejectionofitsuse
1.Forideology-relatedreasons:
a.“Becausetheworldisfullofbadmodels”
b.Pervertedindividualismandrelativism:“Everyoneshoulddo theirownthing”
c.“Itwillbringcompetency-impairedlearnerstofrustration, anger,orpoorerself-image”
2.Formanagementreasons:“Itcoststoomuch,istoo inconvenient”,etc.
C.Pervertedapplicationsofimitationstrategies
1.Presentingnegativemodels,whetherintentionallyornot
2.Mistakenlyreinforcingnegativeimitating
3.Preventionofinternalizationoflearningbyfixatingaperson onthesuperficialimitationofanadmiredmodel
4.Abdicatingallotherpedagogiesafterbringingingoodmodels
1.Knowitspower
2.Bemindfulofthecontributionsandinspiration receivedfromgreatmodels
3.Identifywhattomodel
4.Interprettorelevantotherswhatshouldbemodeled
5.Discerngoodmodels
6.Surroundothers,especiallyvulnerablepersons,with goodmodels
7.Asmuchaspossible,protectdevalued/vulnerable personsfromexposuretobadmodels
8.Insituationsthatareneworequivocaltothelearner, havepositivemodelsinplacefromthestart
9.Promotepeople’ssenseofidentificationwithpersons whoaregoodmodels
10.Reinforcepositiveimitation
11.Beagoodmodeloneselftodevaluedpersons,service workers,advocates,families,andthepublic
1.Helpseliminatelife-wastingofdevaluedpersons
a.Helpingtothwartlife-definingandexternallyimposedrole stereotypes
b.Facilitatingtransmissionofcommonwidely-known experiences
c.Helpingtheacquisitionofvital,life-sustainingskills
2.Enablesadevaluedpersontoperforminmorevaluedways
3.Natural,powerfulprocessandthus:
a.Afairlypainlesswaytolearn
b.Generallyinconspicuousandnotimage-tainted
Adaptiveparticipationbya(devalued)person, Inaculturallynormativequantityofcontacts, interactions,&positiverelationships, Withordinarycitizens, Innormativesharedactivities,thatarepartof recognizableroles,and Carriedoutinvalued(oratleastordinary)physical& socialsettings.
AdaptedfromtheworkofWolfWolfensberger
A.Termswithmultiplemeanings(e.g.,mainstreaming,inclusion)
879
880
881
A.Termswithmultiplemeanings(e.g.,mainstreaming)
B.Perversionsofpersonalsocialintegration
1.“Dumping”adevaluedpersonintosociety
a.Whenthepersonlacksadequateabilitiestocope
b.Withoutsupportsystems
c.Intocommunityareasalreadysaturatedwithother(services to)devaluedpeople
2.Denyingpeopleneededspecialservices
3.Servingawidevarietyofdevaluedpeoplewithinthesame setting
C.Concepts,whicharepossiblyvalid,butnotthe sameas,personalsocialintegration
1.Coordinationofagencies,administrativedepartments, etc.
2.Co-locatingofvariousservicestodevaluedpeople
3.Locatingprogramsfordevaluedpeoplewithinthe community
4.Usinggenericservicesnon-integratively
148
I.Benefitstointegrated(devalued)person:
A.Protectionofperson’swelfare/safety,inthathurtfulpractices thrivemorecommonlyinsegregatedsettingsfordevaluedpeople (1) (2)B.Enhancementof(devalued)person’scompetencies
1.Servicesinopensettingsaremorelikelytobeofhigherquality
2.Greateropportunitiesinopensettingsto:
a.Learnorperform,because:
i.Integratedphysicalsettingsaremorelikelytobe normativeandthereforetoelicitnormativebehavior (3)
ii.Peoplearelikelytoholdnormativeexpectanciesfor thosewhomtheyencounterinmorenormative settings,whichinturnelicitsmorenormative behaviors (4)
150
(12)D.Strengthenedself-image
I.Benefitstootherinterestedparties:
A.Benefitstoperson’sfamilyandotherclosesupportive relationships,ifany
1.Reducedmotivationtobeashamed,todenytheperson’s existenceorone’srelationshiptotheperson (13)
2.Viaperson’senhancedcompetenciesandimage,opportunity formorenormativelyinclusive(family)eventsand celebrations(e.g.,weddings,holidays) (14)
3.Greaterlikelihoodthatthefamilywilldevelopcontactswith familiesofthenon-disabled/non-devaluedassimilators (15)
1.Idealizedfaithbasedvalues(e.g.,acceptance, compassion,mutualassistance,self-sacrifice, mutualsubmission)
2.Basicidealizedsocio-politicalvaluesofequality andcivicparticipation
Kidswithdisabilities
Kidswithoutdisabilities
Familiesofkidswithdisabilities
Familiesofkidswithoutdisabilities
Society
Teachers
PHYSICALSETTING
ASPECT
Setting/FacilityAppearance:
1.Facility&groundsize
2.Matchwith neighborhood
3.Matchwithappearances ofvaluedsettingsfor conductinganalogous functions
4.Physicalfeatures
5.Aesthetics
6.Appropriatenesstoages ofpeoplebeingserved
Servicematchwith neighborhood:
FACILITATOROBSTACLETOPSI/VSP OF PSI/VSP
Normative
Appearance harmonizeswith neighborhood
Appearance congruentwiththatof valuedanalogues
Positivelyimaged
Beautiful,comfortable
Age-appropriate design&décor
Servicetype harmonizeswith neighborhood character
Non-normative,usuallytoolarge
Appearanceclasheswith neighborhood
Appearancedoesnotmatchthat ofvaluedanalogues
Negativelyimaged
Ugly,unattractive,barren
Age-inappropriatedesign&décor, usuallytooyoungforpeople served
Servicetypeclasheswith neighborhoodcharacter
SERVICEFEATURE
1.Numberof(devalued) peoplecongregated together
2.Personalappearanceof peopleserved
3.Behavior&activitiesof peopleserved
4.Labels&formsof addressto/about clients
5.Imageprojectedby workers
6.Matchofworkersto servicetype&identities ofpeopleserved
FACILITATOROF PSI/VSP
Smallnumbers,dispersed throughsetting, community,neighborhood
Status&image-enhancing
Appropriate,adaptive, dignifying
OBSTACLETOPSI/VSP
Large&massednumbersof people&/orservices
Status&imagedegrading
Maladaptive,image-impairing rejection-eliciting
Status-enhancingCondition
Competent,engaged,neat
Appropriate,eliciting positiveimages& expectanciesinmindsof observers
Unkempt
Status/roledegrading, confusing
Settings:
Access,surroundings,resources
Appearance,history,aesthetics
Groupings:
Size,congregation
Composition
Images(messages):
PersonalappearancesWorkers
Names,labelsSymbols
Activities
Dotheyhelporhindersocialintegration?
Dotheyinviteacceptanceorrejectionbyotherpeople?
I.Addresscharacteristicsandconditionsofdevaluedpersons whichareapttoelicitrejectionfromothers,andthereforeto prevent/inhibitintegration
A.Reduceanxiety-andrejection-provokingpersonalcharacteristics ofdevaluedpersons
B.Encourage,developandinstillvaluedsocialhabits
C.Dispersedevaluedpeopleandservicesthroughoutthe communityandneighborhood
D.Surroundwithpositiveimages
E.Fostervaluedsocialrolesfordevaluedpeople
II.Helppotentialintegratorstoidentifywithdevaluedpersons
A.Findandemphasizebackgrounds,interests,activitiesand involvementsthatdevaluedpersonandpotentialintegrators share
B.Pairupdevaluedandvaluedpersonincooperativetasks,at whichthechancesofsuccessarerelativelygood(e.g.,board/ committeework,schoolprojects,neighborhoodclean-up)
C.Request/elicit/structuresatisfying,direct,personal,helping involvementsbyvaluedpersonwithdevaluedpersons(e.g., citizenadvocacy)
III.Rewardandreinforceanyintegrativegesturesoractsby valuedpersons(e.g.,privatecommendations,commentsto significantothers) 156
Large Institution
NursingHome Regional Center
LargeGroup Residence
SmallGroup Residence
Apt.Complex
ShelteredApt. FosterHome
Boarding
Segregatedbuildingin segregatedsite
Segregatedbuildingin integratedsite
Severalspecialclasses inregularschool
Segregatedworkstation inindustry/business
1or2specialclassesin regularschool
Integratedworkstation inindustry/business
Genericearlyeducation Regularclass
On-the-jobtraining
Openemployment
Largesegregatedgroups only
Segregatedfacilities
Smallgroups,segregatedin genericfacilities
Largegroupvacations
Smallgroups,nonsegregatedgenericfacilities
Smallgroupvacations
Individualhobbies
Speicalintegratedsocial clubs
Individualvacations
Genericsocialclubs
Individualintegrated activities
OtherSocial Activities
Specialsegregated transportationonly
Community shopping,butonly indeviancygroups
Smalldeviancy grouppublic transport
Publictransport only
Individualworship ingenericchurch
Frequentintegrated community shopping
1.Person’scompetencies
2.Availablesupports(e.g.,necessaryservices,consultants,people)
3.Likelihoodofsuccess(e.g.,arepotentialintegrationfacilitatorsinplace)
4.Likelyadvantagesof:
a.Theperson
b.Assimilators
c.Other(future?)devaluedpersons
d.Others(e.g.,family)
5.Coststo:
a.Theperson
b.Assimilators
c.Agency
d.Society
Wearefordifference: forrespectingdifference,forallowingdifference, forencouragingdifference,untildifferenceno longermakesadifference.
JohnettaB.Cole
Valorizationofthepositiverolesalreadyheldbyaperson
Avertingaperson’sentryinto(additional)devaluedroles
Assistingaperson’sentryintonewvaluedrolesortoregain previousvaluedroles
Helpingapersontoescapedevaluedroles
Reducingthenegativerolesalreadyheldbytheperson
Exchangingdevaluedrolesalreadyheldbythepersonforless devaluednewroles
1.Theterms“norm”or“normative”mayreferbothtowhatistypicalandwhatis valued
2.EachthemeofSRVis,andallofitsimplicationsare,interrelatedandmutually reinforcing
3.SRVisapsycho-socialscientifictheory,withstrongrootsbothinempiricismandin positivevalues,thatisuniversallyapplicabletohumanservices
4.SRVisascientifically“elegant”theory
5.TwoconstraintstoscopeandutilityofSRVare:
a.Itisaseculartheoryofempiricaldomain
b.PotentialbenefitsofSRVaredeeplydependentuponpositivenessofcultural values
6.SRVisnotthesameasnormalization,norisitthesameaswhatotherssay normalizationis
7.Normalization,andtoalesserextentSRV,hasbeensubjecttoinnumerable misunderstandings,misinterpretations,andoutrightperversions
I.MisinterpretingSRV:
A.SRVonlyshapestheenvironment,nevertriestonormalizethe person,andthereforedoesnotdealwithclinicalservicestothe individual
B.SRVonly/primarilyshapesthepersonratherthan:
1.Thelargerservicecontext
2.Society
C.Personswhoaredevaluedmustbecome“normal”
D.Aslongasaperson’simageispositive,competencyenhancement isunimportant
E.Aslongasapersonpossessescompetencies,imageenhancement isunimportant
II.TakingoneSRVelementoutofcontext, orover-emphasizingonetotheexclusion ofothers,perhapsbecauseofaprevious misinterpretation:
A.Anybehavioronthepartofthedevaluedperson,any appearance,oractivity,etc.isacceptedbecausefreechoiceand individualdifferences“arenormal”
B.FreedomofchoiceistheepitomeofSRV
C.Anythingcanbeappliedtodevaluedpeopleaslongasitis normativefor/amongvaluedpeople
D.Devaluedpeoplearepermitted–evenencouraged–to participateintheperversionsofthelargerculture(druguse, sexualpromiscuity,etc.)
E.Totalimmersionofpersonintoallaspectsoftypicalcommunity life,withoutthoughtfulregardforindividualcapacitiesor availablesupports
F.Tortuousavoidanceoflanguagethatdescribesordenotesthat apersonorgrouphasanimpairmentordevaluedcondition
G.Failuretorecognize/utilizemultiplicityofSocialRoleValorizing options
III.Miscellaneous:
A.Devaluedpeoplearenotdevalued,oratleast,oneshould pretendtheyarenot
B.SRVisonlyanothernamefornormalization;the2arethesame