Keycraft Volcano Eruption Instructions EN

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wn Make your o lcano! exploding vo

WARNING

Not suitable for children under 8 years. For use under adult supervision.

Contains some chemicals which present a hazard to health. Do not allow chemicals to come into contact with any part of the body, particularly the mouth and eyes. Read the instructions before use, follow them and keep them for reference. Keep small children and animals away from the play area. Keep the set out of reach of children under 8 years old.

6 experiments

Dear parents and guardians Through play, children develop different cognitive skills. Scientific studies show that when we are having fun or making discoveries during an experiment, a neurotransmitter called Dopamine is released.

Dopamine is known to be responsible for feelings like motivation, reward and learning and that’s why experiences are related to positive feelings. So, if learning is a positive experience, it will stimulate the brain to develop various skills.

Therefore, Science4you aims to develop educational toys that combine fun with education by fostering curiosity and experimentation.

Find out below which skills can be developed with the help of this educational toy!

Motor skills

Creativity

Vocabulary

Reasoning

Learning

The educational feature is one of the key strengths of our toys. We aim to provide toys which enable children’s development of physical, emotional and social skills.

1st Edition 2024 Lisbon, Portugal Author: Flávia Leitão and Mafalda Pedro Translation: Inês Neuparth Scientific review: Inês Martins Conformity revision: Adriana Godinho and Rute Cesário Project management: Inês Martins and Joana Lemos Product development: Mafalda Pedro Design management: Marcos Rebelo Packaging design: Jorge Faria Pagination: Jorge Faria Ilustração: Filipa Rocha

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Index

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SAFETY RULES GENERAL FIRST AID INFORMATION ADVICE FOR SUPERVISING ADULTS LIST OF SUBSTANCES SUPPLIED DISPOSAL OF SUBSTANCES KIT CONTENTS 1. Ecosystems

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Experiment 1. The formation of Earth’s atmosphere

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2. Volcanoes

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Experiment 2. The eruption of a volcano

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Experiment 3. Another way to erupt

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Experiment 4. A stickier lava

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Experiment 5. A faster eruption

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Experiment 6. Explosive eruption

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SAFETY RULES - Read these instructions before use, follow them and keep them for reference.

- Keep young children and animals away from the experimental area.

- Store this experimental set out of reach of children under 8 years of age.

- Clean all equipment after use.

- Make sure that all containers are fully closed and properly stored after use.

- Ensure that all empty containers and/or non-reclosable packaging are disposed of properly.

- Wash hands after carrying out experiments.

- Do not use any equipment which has not been supplied with the set or recommended in the instructions for use.

- Do not eat or drink in the experimental area.

- Do not allow chemicals to come into contact with the eyes or mouth.

- Do not replace foodstuffs in original container.

Dispose of immediately.

GENERAL FIRST AID INFORMATION - In case of eye contact: Wash out eye with plenty of water, holding eye open if necessary. Seek immediate medical advice.

- If swallowed: Wash out mouth with water, drink some fresh water.

Do not induce vomiting. Seek immediate medical advice.

- In case of inhalation: Remove person to fresh air.

- In case of skin contact and burns: Wash affected area with plenty of water for at least 10 min.

- In case of doubt, seek medical advice without delay. Take the chemical and its container with you.

- In case of injury always seek medical advice.

ADVICE FOR SUPERVISING ADULTS - Read and follow these instructions, the safety rules and the first aid information, and keep them for reference.

- The incorrect use of chemicals can cause injury and damage to health. Only carry out those experiments which are listed in the instructions.

- This experimental set is for use only by children over 8 years.

- Because children’s abilities vary so much, even within age groups, supervising adults should exercise discretion as to which experiments are suitable and safe for them. The instructions should enable supervisors to assess any experiment to establish its suitability for a particular child.

- The supervising adult should discuss the warnings and safety information with the child or children before commencing the experiments. Particular attention should be paid to the safe handling of acids, alkalis and flammable liquids.

- The area surrounding the experiment should be kept clear of any obstructions and away from the storage of food. It should be well lit and ventilated and close to a water supply. A solid table with a heat resistant top should be provided.

- Substances in non-reclosable packaging should be used up (completely) during the course of one experiment, i.e. after opening the package.

- This set contains colourings (pigments). Colourings can stain.

Keep it away from objects and fabrics.

- This set contains gloves which may be made from natural rubber latex. Natural rubber latex may cause allergies.

In case of poisoning by any of the components used in this set, contact the anti-poison centre or the nearest hospital. Please consult the following link for more information: UK https://www.npis.org/ EU https://poisoncentres.echa.europa.eu/appointed-bodies

In case of emergency dial: EU 112 | UK 999 | USA & CAN 911 | AU 000 LIST OF SUBSTANCES SUPPLIED Red Colouring INGREDIENTS: WATER, PHENOXYETHANOL, CI 16255, SODIUM BENZOATE, POTASSIUM SORBATE

Sodium Bicarbonate (CAS 144-55-8) NaHCO3 INGREDIENTS: SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE

Recommendations for substances and mixtures: Do not ingest. Avoid contact with the eyes and mouth. Use only according to the instructions. Store in tightly closed containers. Keep in a cool, dry place. Protect from moisture, direct sunlight and heat sources.

DISPOSAL OF SUBSTANCES Observe national regulations concerning the disposal of chemicals when disposing of chemical substances and / or mixtures. Do not dispose of chemical substances and / or mixtures with domestic waste and household waste. For more details, contact a competent authority. To dispose of the packaging, use the collective collection points.

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KIT CONTENTS

Gloves

Volcano mould Wooden spatula

Sodium bicarbonate

Red colouring

Large measuring cup SQUEEZE

RELEASE

PRESS

Pasteur pipette 5

1. Ecosystems

Scientists believe that the Earth is the only planet in the solar system where life as we know it can be find.

We can consider the planet Earth as a system that is divided in several subsystems: Atmosphere Mix of gases surrounding Earth and protecting it from solar ultraviolet radiation.

Biosphere

Formed by all living beings.

Hydrosphere Combined mass of water that exists on Earth (e.g. rivers, lakes, oceans, groundwater, etc).

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Geosphere

Core

Mantle

Formed by the lithosphere, mantle and Earth’s core.

Convection currents

Lithosphere Outermost rocky part of Earth where there is the biosphere.

Image 1. Earth’s subsystems.

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Steps:

EXPERIMENT 1

rth’s atmosphere The formation of Ea WHAT WILL YOU NEED? Material included in the kit:

• Large measuring cup

• Sodium bicarbonate

Extra material: • Small plastic bottle • Balloon • Funnel • Vinegar • Tea spoon ATTENTION: ask an adult for help.

This phenomen on exemplifies what happen during the form ed ation of the atm osphere of Earth When it form ed, planet Ea . rth had an in volcanic activity tense that released great amount gases and sm s of oke, which star ted to accumul creating the pr ate, imitive atmosph ere.

ses, The gas rith filling in . e balloon

the 2. With the help of tea the funnel and ns of spoon, add 2 spoo te to na bo ar bic m sodiu . the balloon

3. Now attach the balloon’s opening to the opening of the bo ttle, without letting the sodium bicarbonate fall ou t of the balloon.

4. Finally, lift the balloon and let the sodium bicarbonate fall, getting mixed with the vinegar.

In this experiment, the ga ses released started accum ulating in the balloon, exemplify ing this phenomenon.

ATTENTION: when you finish the experiment throw away all used food.

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measuring cup, 1. Using the large (ml) of vinegar add 100 millilitres ttle. sti into the pla c bo

Observe what happens!

2. Volcanoes es are ndscap f the la ic n Volca sequence o face, r the con , in Earth su ity. n iv io t s c s a e oes expr volcan e h t f o

Volcanic activity is related to the internal dynamics of Earth.

This expresses itself in volcanoes and seismic activities.

Volcanoes are geological formations that consist of openings in the Earth’s crust. They allow pockets of magma to reach the surface, derived from the asthenosphere.

DID YOU KNOW...

Gas cloud Cone

That there are also water volcanoes?

Ashes Pyroclasts a Crater or calder Lava Conduit Extint volcano Secondary crater uit Secondary cond (pipe)

ber Magmatic cham

re of a volcano.

Image 2. Structu

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Steps:

the gloves 1. Start by putting volcano the on and placing h. dis ep de on the

EXPERIMENT 2

volcano The eruption of a WHAT WILL YOU NEED? Material included in the kit:

of the help g 2. With n ri u e meas no a the larg lc o v in the cup, fill egar. with vin mould

• Wooden spatula • Gloves

• Large

• Red colouring

3. Use the Pasteur pipette to add some drops of red colouring and with the wooden spatula stir well.

• Sodium measuring cup bicarbonate

• Pasteur pipette

• Volcano mould

Extra material: • Wheat flour • Deep dish • Tea spoon • Vinegar • Absorbent paper • Water

ATTENTION: ask an adult for help.

The chemical reactio n you have just seen is an acid-base reaction. Vinegar an d lemon juice have in its comp osition, acetic acid and citric acid, respectively. In turn, sodium bicarbonate, is a ba se.

5. Clean the large measuring cup with absorbent paper.

Then, add 10 ml of water.

oon, e tea sp 6. With th dium o s f o poon add 1/2 s e clean ate to th bicarbon ring s e mea u the larg h the it w ll it we cup. Mix la spatu . wooden

d with n mixe nate e h w , y This wa dium bicarbo , so ses an acid O ) decompo n (NaHC 3 es gas (carbo s a g le in re w o foll and ), in the dioxide al reaction: chemic

NaHCO3 + Acid 10

oon, add 1/2 4. With the tea sp eat flour to the level spoon of wh re d stir well, until the volcano mould an are no solid bits.

wn countdo 7. Start a nt te n o r the c and pou . o n a lc vo into the

What s? happen

ATTENTION: when you finish the experiment throw away all used food.

Na-Acid + CO2 + H2O

EXPERIMENT 3

Steps:

upt Another way to er WHAT WILL YOU NEED?

1. Start by putting the gloves on and placing the volcano on the deep dish.

Material included in the kit:

• Wooden spatula • Gloves

• Red colouring

• Sodium bicarbonate

• Pasteur pipette

• Large measuring cup

• Volcano mould

Extra material: • Lemon juice • Wheat flour • Deep dish • Absorbent paper • Tea spoon • Water

ATTENTION: ask an adult for help.

on d 1/2 spo oon, ad e clean p s a te e th 5. With th bicarbonate to well with m of sodiu uring cup. Mix it eas tula. large m den spa the woo

ueeze a 2. Now sq the large to lemon in cup to measuring e juice. th obtain all volcano e th l Then, fil this juice. mould with 3. With the Pasteur pip ette, add to the lemon juic e some drops of red colourin g. Finally, add 1/2 level tea spoon of flo ur and mix with the wooden spatula until it is completely disso lved.

4. Clean the large measuring cup with absorbent paper. Then, add 10 ml of water.

ATTENTION: when you finish the experiment throw away all used food.

6. Start a countdown and pour the content into the volcano. salt s reactants nd n we get a )a io O ct a (H re r te is 2 In th es in wa lv so as, is d t a a th r being g (Na-Acid) O 2) that, fo (C e id x io carbon d the liquid. bubbles in to simulate our helps fl t, n e m ri e lting fluid.

In this exp ns the resu e k ic th it s lava a

the main Citric acid is one of , such es rin cit ingredients of , lime on lem , ge an as or rs. he ot y and man

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When m ag Earth’s s ma reaches th e urface c an caus explosio e ns, eart hquake incande s, sc and burn ent lava rivers ing ash es falls.

s can eruption Volcanic st beautiful o be the m dangerous st o m e the but th tions of ta s manife vity. ti c a l a tern Earth’s in

2. Mild explosive

e 1. Explosiv n.

olcania Activity: V viscous. ty osi : Very .

Lava visc R nt: ich Gas conte lasts and : Pyroc Materials rmed by clouds (fo h s a t f o n ashes tha formatio gases and ano hills, t n e c s e d incan e volc through th rolls down to the ground). close ry steep. igh and ve H : re tu c Stru

Activity: Strombolian.

Lava viscosity: Fluid.

Gas content: Poor.

Materials: Characterised by regular and constant explosions that launch incandescent lava into the air. The explosions are accompanied by rivers of lava and gas emissions.

Structure: High and very inclined cone.

Lava’ respo character is volca nsible for tics are th nic ac tivity e type of class an if types y these in d we can three , as y main follow ou can s e ing d escrip e in the tions:

3. Effusiv

e Activity: H awaiian.

Lava visco sity: Very flu id.

Gas conte nt: Very po or.

Materials: Large lake sa rivers of la va; no pyro nd clasts.

Structure: Short and has smooth sid es.

1.

2.

3.

Image tions erup ic n a s.

Volc teristic charac

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3.

EXPERIMENT 4

A stickier lava WHAT WILL YOU NEED? Material included in the kit:

• Wooden spatula • Gloves • Large measuring cup • Red colouring

• Sodium bicarbonate

• Pasteur pipette

Steps:

1. Start by putting the gloves on and placing the volcano on the deep dish.

2. Fill in the volcano with vinegar.

3. With the Pasteur pipette, add to the vinegar some drops of red colouring.

Stir the liquids well, using the wooden spatula.

• Volcano mould

Extra material: • Vinegar • Washing-up liquid • Deep dish • Tea spoon ATTENTION: ask an adult for help.

6. Make a countdown and pour the content into the volcano.

ATTENTION: when you finish the experiment throw away all used food.

4. Add to the volcano one spoon of washing-up liquid.

Stir carefully, so you don’t create foam.

5. Add 1/2 level tea spoon of sodium bicarbonate to the large measuring cup.

Obse w rve happhat ens!

hat rily to w our, Contra fl e ns to th happe ing-up liquid sh aking the wa am, m is is fo s e s nt, th relea consiste cous. is it more v e mor to say

This happens because the foam that is created, mixed with the liquid, is dragged by the bubbles of CO tha t are created in 2 the chemical reaction.

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Steps:

the gloves on and 1. Start by putting on the deep dish. placing the volcano

EXPERIMENT 5

A faster eruption WHAT WILL YOU NEED? Material included in the kit:

• Wooden spatula • Gloves • Large measuring cup • Red colouring

• Sodium bicarbonate

• Pasteur pipette

ATTENTION: ask an adult for help.

ATTENTION: when you finish the experiment throw away all used food.

lcano, using Create a bigger vo en bigger clay and make ev t need to jus u Yo ! ns sio explo riments, pe ex se the repeat ounts am r he but with hig of the reagents!

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3. With the Pasteur pipette, add to the vinegar some drops of red colouring.

Stir well using the wooden spatula.

• Volcano mould

Extra material: • Deep dish • Tea spoon • Vinegar

SUPER SCIENTIST:

2. With the help of the large measuring cup, fill in the volcano with vinegar.

4. Add 1/2 level tea spoon of sodium bicarbonate to the large measuring cup.

5. Make a countdown and pour the content of the cup into the volcano.

What s? a h ppen

In this experiment you can make your volcano erupt, thanks to the chemical reaction releases carbon dio that xide. However, in this case, as you are not using any product that giv es fluidity to the lava, you can observe a phenom enon called effervescence: re lease of gases in a liquid.

The gas can also drag part of the liq uid that is in the volcano, allow ing the volcano to overflow.

Steps:

EXPERIMENT 6

Explosive eruption WHAT WILL YOU NEED? Material included in the kit:

• Red colouring

• Pasteur pipette

Extra material: • Small bottle • Large glass jar • Hot water • Cold tap water ATTENTION: ask an adult for help.

with cold 1. Fill the large jar it to the top fill t no tap water. Do ll need wi u yo of e us ca be all bottle sm the space to put jar. ge lar the ide ins 2. Fill up completely the small bottle with hot water. ette add a few drops 3. With the Pasteur pip small bottle. in of red colouring the

4. Gently place the small bottle inside the large jar, making sure it stays upright.

What s? happen

rise to r will quickly The hot wate water e jar. When the top of th ng up ki expands, ta is heated, it . more space hter hot water lig This makes water, ld co than the ) se en d ss (le the hy it rises to and that is w r. ld wate surface of co

This creates a sort of “cloud” outside the bottle, that looks jus t like the ashes fro m an explosive erup tion!

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