Combination Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT)
Low Level Light / Laser Therapy ll Cold Laser Therapy: introduction & indications
Information Resource: Vincent KC & Castillo-Mendoza Y. 2024
Quintuple (5) Color Spectrum PBMT Chamber
This is General Information only, and does not constitute medical advice
novo vi INFINITY lll
PBMT / RLT
Cell-Signal POD
Whole body
Photobiomodulation
Chamber + Deep Focal
Tissue Vibration Tech (Myovolt)
Renew Zest for Life with
New Energy
New Vitality
New Vigor
Renewed Wellness & Performance
Brief: Signal Transduction (Cell-communication)
The human body is made up of approx. 30 trillion cells and they all communicate with each other to maintain health, and life. This communication is classified as ‘cell signal transduction’ (CST). CST can be introduced by a variety of stimulus (physical, acoustics, thermal, chemical, by scent, and Light, among other stimuli). [1,2]
This ability for cells to receive and act on signals is fundamental and essential for both health & life, as these interactions maintain cell immunity, energy, restorative capability, and balance for healthy functioning, growth, and sustained regeneration. [1,2]
When this ability is disrupted or compromised due to age, hereditary conditioning, trauma, or other factors (e.g. stress), this balance is disrupted, resulting in cell weakness, and disrupted energy production (ATP) that leads to poor health, disease, and disease progression. [3, 5 - 24]
Brief: The Mitochondria: Cell Energy, Health & Disease
All cells require Energy to function and maintain balance for a healthy life. This chemical energy is fueled by a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
ATP is produced by Mitochondria (cells battery) an organelle in cells that contain maternal (mother’s) DNA carrying genetic codes [4]. With natural ageing, trauma, and disease, the functioning of the mitochondria is disrupted. Many diseases such as neuro degenerative conditions (ie. Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s, Multiple Sclerosis), Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, Cerebral Palsy, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, complex chronic pain, chronic injuries, and Genetic Diseases, etc. are caused by, and have Mitochondria dysfunction. Therefore, these conditions may be labelled empirically as being Mitochondrial Dysfunction Disorders (MDD’s) [5 -24].
There are approx. 30 trillion cells in the body. Each cell contain approx. 1000 - 2000 Mitochondria ‘Cell-Battery / Power House’ Different tissue & organs have different amounts of Mitochondria.
The skeletal muscles, Liver, Kidney, Brain, and the nervous system contain the most amounts, highlighting Mitochondrial vital role in Health Function, & Maintenance. When mitochondria cell function is damaged, or dysfunctioning, it contributes to a multitude of ailments and disease [3, 5 - 24]
Mitochondria
There are approx. 30 trillion cells in the body. Each cell contain approx. 10002000 Mitochondria ‘Cell-Battery / Power House’ Different tissue & organs have different amounts of Mitochondria.
The skeletal muscles, Liver, Kidney, Brain, and the nervous system contain the most amounts, highlighting Mitochondrial vital role in Health Function, & Maintenance. When mitochondria cell is damaged function damaged, or dysfunctions, it contributes to a multitude of ailments and diseases [3, 4 - 25]
**NOTE: Mitochondria contains / carries Maternal (Mother’s) DNA, that contain genetic codes important for energy production [4]
Maternal / Mother’s DNA: carries genetic code
The Mitochondria is responsible for cell energy and health. With age and disease, the mitochondria in cells are affected and work less efficiently. This inefficiency results in poor cell energy and weakness, resulting in disease development & its progression.
PBM-Therapy Acts on the Mitochondria (Cell Energy generation Centre) to restore its function and stimulate stem cell expression [ ]. Restoring it’s function, energy production capability for power, and vigor to function & perform [26 – 30]
Mitochondrial Respiratory & Energy Function Recovery
PBMT is FDA approved in The US and meets Australian & other international high standards for medical treatment. It is scientifically recognized to stimulate the body’s natural cellular processes to accelerate healing including resident stem cell expression. There is sound evidence for medical practitioners in the US, the EU, Australia and other nations to utilize PBMT as a reliable treatment option. Its wider adoption into the healthcare system has the potential to greatly improve the clinical outcomes for several conditions and improve patient's quality of life [26 - 71].

PBMT may be considered as a cell signal transmission / transduction therapy (CSTT), OR as a cell signal modulating therapy (CSMT). PBMT’s light signal(s) act on cells in the body to modulate and regulate changes that bring about healing responses to improve functions of the brain, nerves, muscles, circulation, and skin in both adults and in children. It has been shown to improve cell energy production, physical functions, circulatory function, cognitive health, and & improve mood [26 – 71].
PBMT helps restore the mitochondria’s (cell powerhouse) capability & function
Restored with new energy, new power, new vigor to perform and function more effectively.
[26 – 71; 76 - 87]
PMBT is helpful for:
• Parkinson Disease
• Multiple sclerosis
• Energy Fatigue
• Joint arthritis / pain syndrome
• Muscle rigidity
• Muscle fatigue / dystrophy
• Fibromyalgia
• Brain Health
• Circulation disorders
• Gut microbiome regulation
• Diabetic Complication
• Endurance
• Sports Performance
• Aesthetics
• Obesity
• Cognitive & Mood Disorders [26 – 71]
Our Consultant
Kenneth Craig Vincent is New Zealand Qualified with practice license registrations in Australia, New Zealand, Oman. He has conducted consultations, training workshops, and lectures in over 30 countries across Asia, Europe, Central, Latin and North America, Oceania, The Middle East, and The Caribbean. He advocates and conducts research and training on cell- signal therapies. Cell- signal therapy may be considered as ‘Clean-energy therapies & medicine’© (CETM©). These signals stimulate the resident / innate natural cell-healing response mechanisms (including the mitochondria and resident stem cells). CETM’s are safe, effective, economical and accessible therapy options, that do not cause treatment related adversities, are non-invasive, & drug -free, producing minimal to 'zero' treatment related waste, making it a green and more carbon neutral therapy option.
For over a decade he has treated numerous international high-profile clients and is considered an expert in the field of cell signal therapy across multiple rehabilitation disciplines. He has published several medical articles listed and available in SCOPUS, PUBMED, ORCID, GOOGLE Scholar, & ResearchGate.
He is a fellow, member, and associate of several International associations & societies and was the Vice -President and President of The International Society for Medical Shockwave Treatment (2015 – 2018). He consults as innovative researcher & educator for several medical device manufacturers (New Zealand, EU & Canada), and is experienced in medical device registrations in the EU (CE) & in the US (FDA).
He was appointed Visiting Prof. (Rehabilitation), Faculty of Medicine, & Director of High-end Foreign Research Experts at Hubei University of Arts and Science, P. R. China (2023). He has an active network of expert clinicians internationally
Association of Medical Educators
Mitochondria
Targeted Signal Therapy Available at:
Reference
1. Cooper GM. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000. Signaling Molecules and Their Receptors.
2. Handly LN, Yao J, Wollman R. Signal Transduction at the Single -Cell Level: Approaches to Study the Dynamic Nature of Signaling Networks. J Mol Biol. 2016 Sep 25;428(19)
3. Jaalouk DE, Lammerding J. Mechanotransduction gone awry. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2009 Jan;10(1):63-73. doi: 10.1038/nrm2597 . PMID:19197333; PMCID: PMC2668954.
4. NIH National Genome Research Institute Institute
5. Bruni F. Mitochondria: From Physiology to Pathology. Life (Basel). 2021 Sep 21;11(9):991. doi: 10.3390/life11090991. PMID: 34575140; PMCID: PMC8467726.
6. Siddiqui MF, Elwell C, Johnson MH. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Autism Open Access. 2016 Sep 27;6(5):1000190. doi: 10.4172/2165-7890.1000190. PMID: 27928515; PMCID: PMC5137782.
7. Khaliulin I, Hamoudi W, Amal H. The multifaceted role of mitochondria in autism spectrum disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2024 Sep 2. doi: 10.1038/s41380-024-02725-z. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39223276.
8. Henrich MT, Oertel WH, Surmeier DJ, Geibl FF. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease - a key disease hallmark with therapeutic potential. Mol Neurodegener. 2023 Nov 11;18(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s13024-023-00676-7. PMID: 37951933; PMCID: PMC10640762.
9. Gao XY, Yang T, Gu Y, Sun XH. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: From Mechanistic Insights to Therapy. Front Aging Neurosci 2022 Jun 20;14:885500. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.885500. PMID: 35795234; PMCID: PMC9250984.
10. Bose A, Beal MF. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem. 2016 Oct;139 Suppl 1:216-231. doi: 10.1111/jnc.13731. Epub 2016 Aug 21. PMID: 27546335.
Reference
11. Manfredi G, Xu Z. Mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in motor neuron degeneration in ALS. Mitochondrion. 2005 Apr;5(2):77-87. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2005.01.002. PM D: 16050975.
12. Klemmensen MM, Borrowman SH, Pearce C, Pyles B, Chandra B. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 2024 Jan;21(1):e00292. doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2023.10.002. Epub 2023 Dec 19. PMID: 38241161; PMCID: PMC10903104.
13. Su K, Bourdette D, Forte M. Mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. Front Physiol. 2013 Jul 25;4:169. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00169. PMID: 23898299; PMCID: PMC3722885.
14. Foxton s. 2020. Mitichondria Under The Microscope: MS Society https://www.mssociety.org.uk/research/latest-research/researchblog/under-microscope mitochondria#:~:text=The%20problem%20is%20that%20in,molecules%20which%20cause%20further%20damage.
15. Silva Santos Ribeiro P, Willemen HLDM, Eijkelkamp N. Mitochondria and sensory processing in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2022 Oct 17;3:1013577. doi: 10.3389/fpain.2022.1013577. PMID: 36324872; PMCID: PMC9619239.
16. Ryzhkova AI, Sazonova MA, Sinyov VV, Galitsyna EV, Chicheva MM, Melnichenko AA, Grechko AV, Postnov AY, Orekhov AN, Shkurat TP. Mitochondrial diseases caused by mtDNA mutations: a mini -review. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018 Oct 9;14:1933-1942. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S154863. PMID: 30349272; PMCID: PMC6186303.
17. Mitochondria Disease. The Cleveland Clinic https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15612-mitochondrial -diseases
18. Frazier AE, Thorburn DR, Compton AG. Mitochondrial energy generation disorders: genes, mechanisms, and clues to pathology. J Biol Chem. 2019 Apr 5;294(14):5386-5395. doi: 10.1074/jbc.R117.809194. Epub 2017 Dec 12. PMID: 29233888; PMCID: PMC6462508.
Reference
19. Mitichondria Disorders. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health information/disorders/mitochondrialdisorders#:~:text=Health%20conditions%20such%20as%20Type, passed%20on%20to%20a%20child.
20. Lushchak O, Strilbytska O, Koliada A, Storey KB. An orchestrating role of mitochondria in the origin and development of post- traumatic stress disorder. Front Physiol. 2023 Jan 10;13:1094076. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1094076. PMID: 36703926; PMCID: PMC9871262.
21. Pinna G, Kmita H, Lushchak VI. Editorial: Role of mitochondria in post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Front Physiol. 2023 Dec 14;14:1341204. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1341204. PMID: 38162825; PMCID: PMC10755857.
22. Daniels TE, Olsen EM, Tyrka AR. Stress and Psychiatric Disorders: The Role of Mitochondria. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2020 May 7;16:165-186. doi: 10.1146/annurev -clinpsy -082719-104030. Epub 2020 Feb 24. PMID: 32092280; PMCID: PMC8007172.
23. Verma P, Singh A, Nthenge -Ngumbau DN, Rajamma U, Sinha S, Mukhopadhyay K, Mohanakumar KP. Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder suffers from mitochondrial dysfunction. BBA Clin. 2016 Oct 18;6:153-158. doi: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.10.003. PMID: 27896136; PMCID: PMC5121149.
24. Dubinin MV, Talanov EY, Tenkov KS, Starinets VS, Mikheeva IB, Sharapov MG, Belosludtsev KN. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is associated with the inhibition of calcium uniport in mitochondria and an increased sensitivity of the organelles to the calci um -induced permeability transition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2020 May 1;1866(5):165674. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165674. Epub 2020 Jan 8. PMID: 31926263.
25. Budzinska M, Zimna A, Kurpisz M. The role of mitochondria in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2021 Apr;72(2). doi: 10.26402/jpp.2021.2.01. Epub 2021 Aug 6. PMID: 34374652.
Reference
26. Modena DAO, Soares CD, Martignago CCS, Almeida S, Cazzo E, Chaim EA. Effects of LED photobiomodulation therapy on the subcutaneous fatty tissue of obese individuals - histological and immunohistochemical analysis. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2022 Nov 17;24(6-8):84-90. doi: 10.1080/14764172.2022.2109677. Epub 2022 Sep 8. PMID: 36074934.
27. Hernández-Bule ML, Naharro-Rodríguez J, Bacci S, Fernández-Guarino M. Unlocking the Power of Light on the Skin: A Comprehensive Review on Photobiomodulation. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Apr 19;25(8):4483. doi: 10.3390/ijms25084483. PMID: 38674067; PMCID: PMC11049838.
28. Baskerville R, Krijgsveld N, Esser P, Jeffery G, Poulton J. The Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Treatment of Hereditary Mitochondrial Diseases. J Lasers Med Sci. 2023 Oct 10;14:e41. doi: 10.34172/jlms.2023.41. PMID: 38028882; PMCID: PMC10658120.
29. Fallahi F, Mostafavinia A, Sharifi Z, Mohaghegh Shalmani L, Amini A, Ahmadi H, Omidi H, Hajihosseintehrani M, Bayat S, Hamblin MR, Chien S, Bayat M. Effects of photobiomodulation on mitochondrial function in diabetic adipose -derived stem cells in vitro. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2023 Jan 15;285:121835. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121835. Epub 2022 Sep 11. PMID: 36116412.
30. Trajano LADSN, Siqueira PB, Rodrigues MMS, Pires BRB, da Fonseca AS, Mencalha AL. Does photobiomodulation alter mitochondrial dynamics? Photochem Photobiol. 2024 May 22.
31. Jahani -Sherafat S, Taghavi H, Asri N, Rezaei Tavirani M, Razzaghi Z, Rostami -Nejad M. The effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy in modulation the gut microbiome dysbiosis related diseases. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2023;16(4):386-393. doi: 10.22037/ghfbb.v16i4.2687. PMID: 38313351; PMCID: PMC10835098.
Reference
32. Bensadoun RJ, Epstein JB, Nair RG, Barasch A, Raber-Durlacher JE, Migliorati C, Genot-Klastersky MT, Treister N, Arany P, Lodewijckx J, Robijns J; World Association for Laser Therapy (WALT). Safety and efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy in oncology: A systematic review. Cancer Med. 2020 Nov;9(22):8279-8300. doi: 10.1002/cam4.3582. Epub 2020 Oct 26. PMID: 33107198; PMCID: PMC7666741
33, Liebert A, Capon W, Pang V, Vila D, Bicknell B, McLachlan C, Kiat H. Photophysical Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation Therapy as Precision Medicine. Biomedicines. 2023 Jan 17;11(2):237. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11020237. PMID: 36830774; PMCID: PMC9953702.
34. Dompe C, Moncrieff L, Matys J, Grzech-Leśniak K, Kocherova I, Bryja A, Bruska M, Dominiak M, Mozdziak P, Skiba THI, Shibli JA, Angelova Volponi A, Kempisty B, Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska M. Photobiomodulation-Underlying Mechanism and Clinical Applications J Clin Med. 2020 Jun 3;9(6):1724. doi: 10.3390/jcm9061724. PMID: 32503238; PMCID: PMC7356229.
35. Lin H, Li D, Zhu J, Liu S, Li J, Yu T, Tuchin VV, Semyachkina -Glushkovskaya O, Zhu D. Transcranial photobiomodulation for brain diseases: review of animal and human studies including mechanisms and emerging trends. Neurophotonics. 2024 Jan;11(1):010601. doi: 10.1117/1.NPh.11.1.010601. Epub 2024 Feb 5. PMID: 38317779; PMCID: PMC10840571.
36 Herkshire G., McGee C, Liebert A, Bicknell B, Isaac V, Kiat H, McLachlan CS. A novel transcranial photobiomodulation device to address motor signs of Parkinson's disease: a parallel randomised feasibility study. EClinicalMedicine. 2023 Dec 1;66:102338. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102338. PMID: 38094162; PMCID: PMC10716000
37. McGee C, Liebert A, Herkes G, Bicknell B, Pang V, McLachlan CS, Kiat H. Protocol for randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a novel helmet to deliver transcranial ligh Emitting diodes photobiomodulation therapy to patients with Parkinson's disease. Front Neurosci. 2022 Aug 17;16:945796. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.945796. PMID: 36061601; PMCID: PMC9428720.
Reference
39 Rouhani M, Tolentino M, Lyons JA, Ng AV. Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on muscle function in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2024 Jun;86:105598. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105598. Epub 2024 Apr 1. PMID: 38614054.
40. Liebert A, Capon W, Pang V, Vila D, Bicknell B, McLachlan C, Kiat H. Photophysical Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation Therapy as Precision Medicine. Biomedicines. 2023 Jan 17;11(2):237. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11020237. PMID: 36830774; PMCID: PMC9953702.
41. Hamblin MR. Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury and stroke. J Neurosci Res. 2018 Apr;96(4):731-743. doi: 10.1002/jnr.24190. Epub 2017 Nov 13. Erratum in: J Neurosci Res. 2019 Mar;97(3):373. doi: 10.1002/jnr.24376. PMID: 29131369; PMCID: PMC5803455.
42. Santos MTBR, Nascimento KS, Carazzato S, Barros AO, Mendes FM, Diniz MB. Efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy on masseter thickness and oral health-related quality of life in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Aug;32(6):1279-1288. doi: 10.1007/s10103-0172236-4.Epub 2017 May 23. PMID: 28536904.
Reference
43. Jere SW, Houreld NN, Abrahamse H. Photobiomodulation and the expression of genes related to the JAK/STAT signalling pathway in wounded and diabetic wounded cells. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2020 Mar;204:111791.
doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111791. Epub 2020 Jan 17. PMID: 31981991.
44. Chang SY, Lee MY. Photobiomodulation of Neurogenesis through the Enhancement of Stem Cell and Neural Progenitor Differentiation in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 21;24(20):15427. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015427. PMID: 37895108; PMCID: PMC10607539.
45. Nairuz T, Sangwoo-Cho, Lee JH. Photobiomodulation Therapy on Brain: Pioneering an Innovative Approach to Revolutionize Cognitive Dynamics. Cells. 2024 Jun 3;13(11):966. doi: 10.3390/cells13110966. PMID: 38891098; PMCID: PMC11171912.
46. Martins MD, Silveira FM, Martins MAT, Almeida LO, Bagnato VS, Squarize CH, Castilho RM. Photobiomodulation therapy drives massive epigenetic histone modifications, stem cells mobilization and accelerated epithelial healing. J Biophotonics. 2021 Feb;14(2):e202000274. doi: 10.1002/jbio.202000274. Epub 2020 Oct 26. PMID: 33025746.
47. Dhlamini T, Houreld NN. Clinical Effect of Photobiomodulation on Wound Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Does Skin Color Nee ds to Be Considered? J Diabetes Res. 2022 Dec 17;2022:3312840. doi: 10.1155/2022/3312840. PMID: 36573132; PMCID: PMC9789897.
48. Pilar EFS, Brochado FT, Schmidt TR, Leite AC, Deluca AA, Mármora BC, Siebert M, Wagner VP, Martins MD. Modulation of gene expression in skin wound healing by photobiomodulation therapy: A systematic review in vivo studies. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2024 Jul;40(4):e12990. doi: 10.1111/phpp.12990. PMID: 39031566.
49. Jahani Sherafat S, Mokmeli S, Rostami -Nejad M, Razaghi Z, Rezaei Tavirani M, Razzaghi M. The Effectiveness of Photobiomudulation Therapy (PBMT) in COVID -19 Infection. J Lasers Med Sci. 2020 Fall;11(Suppl 1):S23-S29. doi: 10.34172/jlms.2020.S4. Epub 2020 Dec 30. PMID: 33995965; PMCID: PMC7956025.
Reference
50. Germann D, El Bouse A, Shnier J, Abdelkader N, Kazemi M. Effects of local vibration therapy on various performance parameters: a narrative literature review. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2018 Dec;62(3):170-181. PMID: 30662072; PMCID: PMC6319432.
51. Cochrane DJ. Effectiveness of using wearable vibration therapy to alleviate muscle soreness. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017 Mar;117(3):501-509. doi: 10.1007/s00421-017-3551-y. Epub 2017 Feb 6. PMID: 28168554
52. Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev. 2023 Apr 1;103(2):1247-1421. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021. Epub 2023 Jan 5. PMID: 36603156; PMCID: PMC9942936
53. Shepherd DW, Norris JM, Simpson BS, Player DJ, Whitaker HC. Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on regulation of myogenic regulatory factor mRNA expression in vivo: A systematic review. J Biophotonics. 2022 Feb;15(2):e202100219. doi: 10.1002/jbio.202100219. Epub 2021 Dec 6. PMID: 34799996.
54. Baskerville R, Krijgsveld N, Esser P, Jeffery G, Poulton J. The Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Treatment of Hereditary Mitochondrial Diseases. J Lasers Med Sci. 2023 Oct 10;14:e41. doi: 10.34172/jlms.2023.41. PMID: 38028882; PMCID: PMC10658120.
55. Hamblin MR. Photobiomodulation Therapy for Muscular Dystrophy: Time for a Trial? Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2023 Jun;41(6):245-247. doi: 10.1089/photob.2023.0057. Epub 2023 May 23. PMID: 37219956; PMCID: PMC10282807.
56. Rouhani M, Tolentino M, Lyons JA, Ng AV. Effects of photobiomodulation therapy on muscle function in individuals with multi ple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2024 Jun;86:105598. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105598. Epub 2024 Apr 1. PMID: 38614054.
57. Gutiérrez-Menéndez A, Marcos -Nistal M, Méndez M, Arias JL. Photobiomodulation as a promising new tool in the management of psychological disorders: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020 Dec;119:242-254. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.002. Epub 2020 Oct 15. PMID: 33069687.
58. Wu C, Yang L, Feng S, Zhu L, Yang L, Liu TC, Duan R. Therapeutic non-invasive brain treatments in Alzheimer's disease: recent advances and challenges. Inflamm Regen. 2022 Oct 3;42(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s41232-022-00216-8. PMID: 36184623; PMCID: PMC9527145.
59. Yang M, Yang Z, Wang P, Sun Z. Current application and future directions of photobiomodulation in central nervous diseases. Neural Regen Res. 2021 Jun;16(6):1177-1185. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.300486. PMID: 33269767; PMCID: PMC8224127.
60. Naeser MA, Zafonte R, Krengel MH, Martin PI, Frazier J, Hamblin MR, Knight JA, Meehan WP 3rd, Baker EH. Significant improvements in cognitive performance post- transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode treatments in chronic, mild traumatic brain injury: open-protocol study. J Neurotrauma. 2014 Jun 1;31(11):1008-17. doi: 10.1089/neu.2013.3244. Epub 2014 May 8. PMID: 24568233; PMCID: PMC4043367.
61. Salehpour F, Khademi M, Bragin DE, DiDuro JO. Photobiomodulation Therapy and the Glymphatic System: Promising Applications for Augmenting the Brain Lymphatic Drainage System. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 10;23(6):2975. doi: 10.3390/ijms23062975. PMID : 35328396; PMCID: PMC8950470.
62. Salehpour F, Mahmoudi J, Kamari F, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Rasta SH, Hamblin MR. Brain Photobiomodulation Therapy: a Narrative Review. Mol Neurobiol. 2018 Aug;55(8):6601-6636. doi: 10.1007/s12035-017-0852-4. Epub 2018 Jan 11. PMID: 29327206; PMCID : PMC6041198.
63. Hamblin MR. Shining light on the head: Photobiomodulation for brain disorders. BBA Clin. 2016 Oct 1;6:113-124. doi: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.09.002. PMID: 27752476; PMCID: PMC5066074.
64. Nairuz T, Sangwoo-Cho, Lee JH. Photobiomodulation Therapy on Brain: Pioneering an Innovative Approach to Revolutionize Cognitive Dynamics. Cells. 2024 Jun 3;13(11):966. doi: 10.3390/cells13110966. PMID: 38891098; PMCID: PMC11171912.
Reference
65. Modifying Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology with photobiomodulation: model, evidence, and future with EEG - guided intervention Lew Lim Journal: Frontiers in Neurology, 2024, Volume 15 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1407785
66. Salehpour, F., Mahmoudi, J., Kamari, F. et al. Brain Photobiomodulation Therapy: a Narrative Review. Mol Neurobiol 55, 6601–6636 …...2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-017-0852-4
67. Syed SB, Ahmet I, Chakir K, Morrell CH, Arany PR, Lakatta EG. Photobiomodulation therapy mitigates cardiovascular aging and I mproves survival. Lasers Surg Med. 2023 Mar;55(3):278-293. doi: 10.1002/lsm.23644. Epub 2023 Feb 23. PMID: 36821717; PMCID: PMC10084725.
68. Chen H, Shi X, Liu N, Jiang Z, Ma C, Luo G, Liu S, Wei X, Liu Y, Ming D. Photobiomodulation therapy mitigates depressive -like behaviors by remodeling synaptic links and mitochondrial function. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2024 Sep;258:112998. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112998. Epub 2024 Jul 31. PMID: 39096719.
69. Montazeri K, Farhadi M, Fekrazad R, Chaibakhsh S, Mahmoudian S. Photobiomodulation therapy in mood disorders: a systematic review. Lasers Med Sci. 2022 Dec;37(9):3343-3351. doi: 10.1007/s10103-022-03641- w. Epub 2022 Nov 21. PMID: 36404359
70. .Montazeri K, Farhadi M, Fekrazad R, Chaibakhsh S, Mahmoudian S. Photobiomodulation therapy in mood disorders: a systematic review. Lasers Med Sci. 2022 Dec;37(9):3343-3351. doi: 10.1007/s10103-022-03641- w. Epub 2022 Nov 21. PMID: 36404359
71. Salehpour F, Mahmoudi J, Kamari F, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Rasta SH, Hamblin MR. Brain Photobiomodulation Therapy: a Narrative Review. Mol Neurobiol. 2018 Aug;55(8):6601-6636. doi: 10.1007/s12035-017-0852-4. Epub 2018 Jan 11. PMID: 29327206; PMCID: PMC6041198.
72. O'Donnell CM, Barrett DW, O'Connor P, Gonzalez-Lima F. Prefrontal photobiomodulation produces beneficial mitochondrial and oxygenation effects in older adults with bipolar disorder. Front Neurosci. 2023 Oct 31;17:1268955. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1268955. PMID: 38027522; PMCID: PMC10644301.
Reference
73. Cochrane DJ. The Acute Effect of Direct Vibration on Muscular Power Performance in Master Athletes. Int J Sports Med. 2016 Feb;37(2):144-8. doi: 10.1055/s -0035-1564104. Epub 2015 Oct 28. PMID: 26509379.
74.. Germann D, El Bouse A, Shnier J, Abdelkader N, Kazemi M. Effects of local vibration therapy on various performance parameters: narrative literature review. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2018 Dec;62(3):170-181. PMID: 30662072; PMCID: PMC6319432.
75. Cochrane DJ. Effectiveness of using wearable vibration therapy to alleviate muscle soreness. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017 Mar;117(3):501-509. doi: 10.1007/s00421-017-3551-y. Epub 2017 Feb 6. PMID: 28168554.
76. Minocherhomji S, Tollefsbol TO, Singh KK. Mitochondrial regulation of epigenetics and its role in human diseases. Epigenetics. 2012 Apr;7(4):326-34. doi: 10.4161/epi.19547. Epub 2012 Apr 1. PMID: 22419065; PMCID: PMC3368816.
77. Sharma N, Pasala MS, Prakash A. Mitochondrial DNA: Epigenetics and environment. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2019 Oct;60(8):668682. doi: 10.1002/em.22319. Epub 2019 Aug 6. PMID: 31335990; PMCID: PMC6941438.
78. Krajnak K. Frequency-dependent changes in mitochondrial number and generation of reactive oxygen species in a rat model of vibration-induced injury. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2020;83(1):20-35. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1718043. Epub 2020 Jan 23 PMID: 31971087; PMCID: PMC7737659.
79. Newell C, Ramage B, Robu I, Shearer J, Khan A. Side alternating vibration training in patients with mitochondrial disease: a pilot study. Arch Physiother. 2017 Aug 8;7:10. doi: 10.1186/s40945-017-0038-4. PMID: 29340204; PMCID: PMC5759922.
80. Wallace DC, Chalkia D. Mitochondrial DNA genetics and the heteroplasmy conundrum in evolution and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013 Nov 1;5(11):a021220. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a021220. PMID: 24186072; PMCID: PMC3809581.
81. Nunnari J, Suomalainen A. Mitochondria: in sickness and in health. Cell. 2012 Mar 16;148(6):1145-59. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.035. PMID: 22424226; PMCID: PMC5381524.
Reference
82. Rebelo AP, Dillon LM, Moraes CT. Mitochondrial DNA transcription regulation and nucleoid organization. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2011 Aug;34(4):941-51. doi: 10.1007/s10545-011-9330-8. Epub 2011 May 4. PMID: 21541724.
83. Quirós PM, Mottis A, Auwerx J. Mitonuclear communication in homeostasis and stress. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2016 Apr;17(4):213-26. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2016.23. Epub 2016 Mar 9. PMID: 26956194.
84. Allis CD, Jenuwein T. The molecular hallmarks of epigenetic control. Nat Rev Genet. 2016 Aug;17(8):487-500. doi: 10.1038/nrg.2016.59. Epub 2016 Jun 27. PMID: 27346641.
85. Matilainen O, Quirós PM, Auwerx J. Mitochondria and Epigenetics - Crosstalk in Homeostasis and Stress. Trends Cell Biol. 2017 Jun;27(6):453-463. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.02.004. Epub 2017 Mar 6. PMID: 28274652.
86. Martins MD, Silveira FM, Martins MAT, Almeida LO, Bagnato VS, Squarize CH, Castilho RM. Photobiomodulation therapy drive massive epigenetic histone modifications, stem cells mobilization and accelerated epithelial healing. J Biophotonics. 2021 Feb;14(2):e202000274. doi: 10.1002/jbio.202000274. Epub 2020 Oct 26. PMID: 33025746.
87. de Farias Gabriel A, Wagner VP, Correa C, Webber LP, Pilar EFS, Curra M, Carrard VC, Martins MAT, Martins MD. Photobiomodulation therapy modulates epigenetic events and NF -κB expression in oral epithelial wound healing. Lasers Med Sci. 2019 Sep;34(7):1465-1472. doi: 10.1007/s10103-019-02745-0. Epub 2019 Feb 28. PMID: 30820776.
Copyright & citation note
Clean Energy Therapy and Medicine (CETM) is original terminology coined for this patient information exercise. Registered Copyright Kenneh Vincent 2024 #CI-47935614440 and requires in- text citation: (Vincent KC 2024) under creative Commons non-commercial use. Acknowledgement Dr. Yahira Castillo-Mendoza (Trauma Dept. Saville, Spain, & Specialist Clinical Nutritionist) is a co-consultant and project associate since 2018. Caveat: The information contained here is general information, and it does not constitute or replaces medical advice.