Ownership and Funding Essay Ownership Concepts: •
Public Service Broadcasting (PSB)
The term "public service broadcasting" refers to broadcasting intended for public benefit. The communications regulator Ofcom requires that certain television and radio broadcasters fulfil certain requirements as part of their license to broadcast. Channels such as BBC and Channel 4 are apart of the public service broadcasting. •
Commercial Broadcasting
Commercial broadcasting (also known as private broadcasting) is the broadcasting of television programs and radio programming by privately owned corporate media. Examples of this is the ABC channel based in United States which is property of Walt Disney Television.
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Corporate and Private Ownership
A privately held company is a business company owned either by non-governmental organizations or by a small number of shareholders also known as company members. This does not offer or trade its company shares to the general public on the stock market exchanges. An example of this is the IRS which is a revenue service in the US.
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Global Companies
A global corporation is shaped from the term 'global', which means all around the world. It makes sense to assume that a global company is a company that does business all over the world. An example of this is Walmart which is a global company which is incorporated with ASDA.
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Vertical Integration (owning stuff in different sectors)
Vertical integration is a procedure, in which the supply chain of a company is owned by that company. There are four phases of the supply chain: commodities, manufacturing, distribution, and retail. An example of vertical integration is Target which is an American store that owns its own store brands.
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Horizontal Integration / monopolisation
Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing the production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain. The process can lead to monopoly or monopolisation if a company captures the majority of the market for that product or service. Apple is an example of horizontal integration as it expands the services that they provide.
Funding Types: •
The Licence Fee
To watch TV in the United Kingdom there is a requirement to hold a TV licence. Businesses, hospitals, schools and a range of other organisations are also required to hold television licences to watch and record live TV broadcasts. Since April 2019, the annual cost is £154.50 for a colour licence and £52 for a black and white licence.
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Subscription
The subscription business model when a customer must pay a recurring price at regular intervals for access to a product or service. An example of a subscription is Netflix which costs £8.99 a month for unlimited access to the TV and films available.
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One-off payment to own product
The most common payment methods are debit cards, charge cards, prepaid cards, direct debit, bank transfers, phone and mobile payments, checks, money orders and cash payments. A one-off payment is when you purchase something at a fixed price. An example of this is buying DVD’s.
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Pay per View
Pay-per-view (PPV) is a type of pay television service by which a viewer can purchase events to view. Events can be purchased through a multichannel television platform using their electronic program guide. An example of pay-per-view is the WWE, it holds many events that is pay-per-view such as WrestleMania.
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Sponsorship
Sponsoring something or someone is the act of supporting an event, activity, person, or organization financially or through the provision of products or services. It is typically used in sports, arts and entertainment. Nike is an example of sponsors as they sponsor many athletes such as Cristiano Ronaldo.
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Advertising
Advertising funded programming is a partnership between a television channel and an advertiser. The advertiser finances a television production and thereby obtains the right to associate its brand to certain values and experiences through the television production. •
Product Placement
Product placement is a form of advertising in which branded goods and services are featured in a video production. If a product is on TV but the company have not given the rights for the channel to use, the product will be blurred. An example of this is the continuous reference to Twinkies (an American product) in the film Zombieland.
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Private Capital
A private equity fund usually makes investments in companies. The term ‘private equity’ has come to be used to describe the business of taking a company into private ownership in order to restructure it before selling it again at a hoped-for profit. •
Crowd-funding
Crowdfunding is the practice of funding a project by raising money from many people. Normally this is done through the Internet. Crowdfunding is a form of an alternative finance. Crowdfunding was used for the budget of The Blair Witch Project in 1999 in which they raised $25,000. •
Development Funds
A development finance institution provides risk capital for economic development projects on noncommercial basis. They are often recognised and owned by governments or charitable institutions to provide funds for projects. Governments often use development banks to make a part of their development aid or economic development enterprises.