PETROPOLIS Vol. 4 - December 2021

Vol 4 Desember 2021

PETROPOLIS

Drilling by Reading. Exploring by Knowing.

ALTERATION Iranian's Revolution: Gate for A Changes on Petroleum Industry

Blue vs Green HYDROGEN,

Do We Need HYDROGEN?

READY or NOT, There are Several Competition and Event of SPE ITS SC

Would HYDROGEN Fuels Able to REPLACE Fossil Fuels?

With Antasena ITS Hydrogen Team

d win the an

Which One is Better? pr

ize

Page

22

answ er

5

9 1

Table of Contents

3

Preface

4

Our Redaction

5

What Does The Expert Say? With Antasena ITS Hydrogen Team Would Hydrogen Fuels Able to Replace Fossil Fuels?

6

InSPEration DAFA BAYU PUTRANTO

7

Eureka!

Do We Need Hydrogen?

9

For A Sustainable Future Blue vs Green Hydrogen, Which One is Better?

11

Career Talk What Does an Electrical Engineer Do?

12

Winners Podium

15

Our Members Members day

01 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Table of Contents

6

7 11 12

17

Historical Event Iranian’s Revolution: Gate for A Changes on Petroleum industry

19

Event

20

Sneak PEak Ready or Not, There are Several Competition and Event of SPE ITS SC

21

Soft Skills & Tips 4 Steps for Cooling Off When Feel Burn Out

22

Word Spill 8 Words Spill

22

Quiz

23

Board of SPE ITS SC

25

petroSPEct

26

Quote -Dorio Robleto-

17

20 21 22 02 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Table of Contents

Preface Greetings, everyone!

I am honored to have the opportunity to give a huge welcome to the members of SPE ITS SC 21/22 through the 4th edition of PETROPOLIS. SPE ITS SC is an organization that serves members and professionals in the field of oil and gas – through which we strive to facilitate for a complete comprehension, stimulate

personal development and improve relations.

Ultmately, we aim to lead the change for our better future.

PETROPOLIS is one of the most reliable tools to realize our aim, where members can read from a vast range of topics provided by professionals – and also get featured!

Best regards, Dafa Bayu Putranto President of SPE ITS SC 2021/2022

03 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Preface

We hope that the tremendous effort every committee has put into this magazine serves a greater cause.

I deeply thank each committee and speaker/ interviewee involved in the making of the new edition of PETROPOLIS. Thank you and see you in other programs from SPE ITS SC!

our Redaction Project Officer Frecia Elrivia Mardianto Hi readers! Through PETROPOLIS: Alteration, let's see how our industry is changing for a sustainable future. We sincerely hope that our readers find this volume to be a useful tool in understanding the oil & gas industry's current environmental situation. Cheers!

Nadya Pratiwi Carmandhita Arthatamma Welcome, readers!

Through this volume, we invite you to learn about petroleum industries and a sustainable future in one sitting! So, what are you waiting for? Enjoy the reading and have a chance to win a reward!

Editor Almer Nawfal Zahranvi Harahap Hello there, readers! I hope that the 4th volume of PETROPOLIS will act as a medium for your curiosity about how the petroleum sector will face a sustainable future. Have fun exploring yourself!

Tyara Novia Andhin Welcome, readers!

This time, in this 4th PETROPOLIS, we present to you how energy industries start to alter their concerns into sustainable concepts. We wish to enlighten our readers' minds with new information and to warm their hearts with relatable and meaningful content.

Sunra Nur Isti Mahmudah Hi Fellas! We proudly brought up PETROPOLIS: Alteration as a special gift for your last day in 2021. So, keep up your spirit, and hope this magazine will inspire you!

Valerie Anargya Gayatri Hello readers! We hope through this volume of PETROPOLIS, we're able to serve you with new insights. Happy reading and absorbing!

04 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Our Redaction

What Does the Expert Say?

Would Hydrogen Fuels Be Able to Replace Fossil Fuels?

W

hile climate change issues are on the rise, the net zero 2050 agenda deadline is getting closer, and fossil fuels are generally predicted to be depleted by 2060, the world is in a massive panic. But there is one name that is mentioned frequently.

You guessed it right! It is hydrogen. Let’s get to know better about Hydrogen from the expert, Indonesia’s first hydrogen car team Antasena ITS Hydrogen Team.

With Climate Change Discussion is on The Rise, Do You Think Hydrogen Fuel is The Solution?

Climate change is partly a product from abundant amounts of carbon dioxide that can cause a greenhouse effect. But where does all this carbon dioxide come from? One of the biggest contributors is fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are composed of hydrocarbons. When we burn it, it will produce carbon dioxide. Although we know fossil fuels are directly damaging the earth we live in, they are still widely used.

That’s why hydrogen fuel offers an environmentally-friendly solution to tackle this problem. Hydrogen fuel cells work with a process called “electrolysis”, where hydrogen is separated into protons and electrons to produce electricity. The only by-products of this process are pure water and water vapor which will not harm the environment.

drogen Team

S Hy With Antasena IT

What Makes Hydrogen Fuels a Better Option Than Fossil Fuels?

First thing first, hydrogen can be obtained from renewable sources, such as water and waste. So, it can be said that hydrogen availability is almost unlimited.

Second, hydrogen doesn’t produce greenhouse emissions. Therefore, it will not cause damage to the earth. Third, unlike fossil fuels, hydrogen is secondary energy that can be made from the decomposition of coal, natural gas, crude oil, and water.

Fourth, if hydrogen is liquefied at a temperature below minus 263°C, the volume will be reduced to 1/800. Hence, if it’s compressed into a high-pressured tank, it will be easier to store and transport.

If Hydrogen Offers So Much, Why is It a Much Less Popular Option than Fossil Fuels? What Are the Challenges?

People are already forming a dependency on fossil fuels because let’s admit it, fossil fuels are a much cheaper option than hydrogen. Moreover, hydrogen stations are not yet accessible for some areas. The other challenge we face is the lack of knowledge about hydrogen. Therefore, for some people, hydrogen was never an option, because they don’t know what hydrogen brings to the table. (VAL)

05 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | What Does the Expert Say?

In

P S E

ration

What am I Going to Do After Graduating?

“

Keep your skin thick, keep your focus, and try everything that life has to offer - Dafa

”

midst the chaotic college life where a messy sleeping schedule, piles of unfinished tasks, and mounting stress are considered a normal sight as if were not enough, there’s this one question that I’m sure every college student has ever thought of: “What am I going to do after graduating?” or “What I want to do after graduating?”. All of that while the ghost of failure creeps over you.

A

Lucky for Dafa Bayu Putranto, the President of SPE ITS SC, he has found the answer to those questions. This number one person in SPE ITS SC has always dreamt of working in an oil and gas company since his freshman year. In fact, this dream has fueled up his motivation to join SPE ITS SC. But to be fully confident about his decision to join SPE ITS SC, Dafa admits that his dream job isn’t the only one to credit. It was his senior, Thareq Fasya, who’s also an SPE ITS SC alumni, where the other credit belongs to.

Dafa spent three days in Thareq’s laboratory where the latter taught him from zero the basics of oil and gas. It was from Thareq’s patience teaching that Dafa finally had the courage to apply for E-learning staff at SPE ITS SC. Three years apart, now Dafa is standing as the President of SPE ITS SC. But the path to get to where he is right now isn’t as trouble-free as you might think.

Fun fact, Dafa has run for president twice. He lost his first election. Notwithstanding that failure, he uses that as an opportunity to learn leadership as the Director of Academia from the elected President and Vice President.

From seeing his colleague’s leadership and getting a lot of support from his friends, though he was still haunted by the ghost of failure from his last election, Dafa regains the confidence to run for president again. And we all know how it went. When asked how he bounced back from his failure, he said as cheesy as it may sound, the secret is to keep your heart clean.

Eventually, you will realize that your failure is nothing but a catalyst for your success. (VAL)

06 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | inSPEration

eureka

Do We Need

HYDROGEN? ompared to other gases and elements, hydrogen is 14 times lighter than air. If any hydrogen gas "spills" occurs, these gases diffuse directly into the atmosphere and do not contaminate the soil or groundwater.

Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless gas that poses no health risks when handled properly. The use of this product does not cause acid rain, ozone depletion, or hazardous emissions.

C

Is hydrogen the most energyefficient fuel?

When compared to other fuels, hydrogen has the highest combustion energy per kilogram, which means it is more efficient for the same weight as the fuel currently in use. Hydrogen generates energy at a rate that is 2-3 times greater than that of most other commonly used fuels. Due to its ability to easily combine with oxygen, it releases large amounts of energy in the form of heat.

07 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Eureka

?

What is it about hydrogen that makes it the cleanest fuel?

What is the process of producing hydrogen?

The combustion of hydrogen, in contrast to the combustion of carbon-based fuels, does not produce harmful byproducts. When hydrogen reacts with oxygen in a fuel cell, the only products are energy and clean water, with no other waste products.

At the moment, heating natural gas to reform it is the most cost-effective method of producing hydrogen. Electrolysis is a method of producing hydrogen that involves the use of an electric current to break down water into hydrogen and oxygen.

So, how has hydrogen been implemented thus far?

Hydrogen is used every day in the form of gases and liquids by a wide range of industries, including the petroleum industry, as well as in manufacturing processes for the production of chemicals, food, and electronics. Hydrogen can be used in fuel cells to generate electricity, or power and heat. Today, hydrogen is most commonly used in petroleum refining and fertilizer production, while transportation and utilities are emerging markets. In daily life, hydrogen used as a fuel called Towngas. Towngas was popular in the early twentieth century that contained 50% hydrogen. Moreover, hydrogen used as the fuel of NASA's space shuttle.

Why is hydrogen still so rarely used in Indonesia?

Hydrogen production is currently expensive, and the probability of cost reduction is uncertain. The Production also inefficient, resulting in higher costs and the need for a larger overall energy supply, as well as more rapid increases in the production of renewables. In addition, it necessitates the development of new safety standards as well as widespread community acceptance.

(TIWI)

08 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Eureka

Blue vs Green Hydrogen, Which One is Better?

he world seeking to build a global energy sector with net-zero emissions in 2050. Any of the decrease emissions is by using materials that aren't made from fossil fuels and don't release greenhouse gases. The most potential material is hydrogen.

So, why hydrogen? Hydrogen is an energy carrier that can produce electricity. Dissimilar to fossil fuels, when hydrogen is burned, it generates only water as a byproduct. For this reason, it is an attractive fuel for the future, because it doesn't produce gas emission

T

Hydrogen Color Palette Hydrogen is the most common element found in the universe, but hydrogen cannot form by itself. In addition, each type of

hydrogen also has a different formation process. Molecular hydrogen is produced by splitting hydrogen from fossil fuels, plants, or water. To distinguish the raw materials and methods used to produce hydrogen, Hydrogen Colors Palette is made.

Gray hydrogen is the most common hydrogen found today. Hydrogen in this category is made from natural gas (usually methane) and processed by the steam methane reformation (SMR) method. The SMR process produces a pollutant in the form of carbon dioxide so that's why it is called gray hydrogen. Gray hydrogen is the least sustainable type of hydrogen today.

Blue hydrogen is created with the same raw materials as gray hydrogen, but with a slightly different process. Emissions generated through the SMR process will be captured and stored underground. This process is known as carbon capture and

09 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | For A Sustainable Future

A Su

clean energy, it's two to three times more expensive to produce than blue hydrogen.

Meanwhile, the blue hydrogen production process requires expensive carbon capture and storage equipment, but it at least provides a lower cost than green hydrogen for low-carbon fuel production. However, green hydrogen costs are expected to decrease in the next several years, with improved electrolysis technology and the scaling up of that technology to industrial levels of production. (FEY)

Source: heliogen.com

Nowadays, blue hydrogen is still a hope for several countries. Even though green hydrogen is considered more environmentally friendly because it's 100%

re For tu

Which One Will be Chosen?

n i ab a t s

le Fu

storage (CCS). Although blue hydrogen is a lower carbon option than gray hydrogen, it still has environmental consequences such as the release of methane into the atmosphere because it comes from fossil fuels.

Green hydrogen is produced using the electrolysis method, which is the process of separating water into hydrogen and oxygen. With the electrolysis method, the basic materials needed are only water, electrolyzer, and a supply of electricity that comes from renewable sources such as wind, solar or hydro. Green hydrogen refers to a 100% clean solution.

Furthermore, other colors that are used to describe hydrogen, such as pink (produced using nuclear energy), black/brown (produced using coal or lignite), and white (naturally occurring).

10 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | For A Sustainable Future

CAREER TALK

What Does an Electrical Engineer Do?

11 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Career Talk

You might have heard about them. Electrical engineers are basically everywhere in the industries because almost literally, the world is revolving around electricity.

Telecommunication company, technology company, oil and gas company, you name it. But precisely, what does an electrical engineer do? Let’s dig in deeper!

Their Responsibilities When we talk about what an electrical engineer does, we are always talking about a wide variety of tasks. When you call yourself an electrical engineer, versatility is what you expected to have (and need to have). But to put it simply, electrical engineers design, develop, test, fix, and improve electrical devices and equipment. Before electrical appliances are ready to be distributed, they must go through a series of complex processes from designing and constructing electrical systems, to testing finished products until they are ready to use. And electrical engineers are the ones to credit for that.

Job Prospects in Oil and Gas Industry Don’t you worry! There are plenty of job opportunities for electrical engineers in the oil and gas sector. In the upstream industry, rigs are powered by electricity. Electrical engineers are needed to supervise the electrical system so there won’t be a power failure. In the downstream industry, electricity is vital since it is needed almost 24 hours to maintain driving generators, computers, etc. Also, in the future, electricity is predicted to replace diesel generators for oilfield operations. Hence, the opportunity is still wide open for you. (VAL)

Champion is Defined by The Feeling of Not Being Afraid to Try New Things

TEL-U WINNER’S POD IU

M

Even in these difficult and destructive days, delegates of the Society of Petroleum Engineers ITS Student Chapter continued to rise to new heights. This time, it was the TEL-U team with members Tyara Novia Andhin (Chemical Engineering 2020), Evania Christiana Febiani (Chemical Engineering 2020), Latif Setyabudi (Chemical Engineering 2020). As the champions of APECX 2021, the largest annual event hosted by The Society of Petroleum Engineers Universitas Gadjah Mada Student Chapter, the TEL-U team has maintained its calm over a long path to accomplish this achievement. The TEL-U team participated in the Paper and Poster Competition against delegates from a variety of different universities, and they succeeded.

12 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Winner’s Podium

Introducing, the TEL-U Team It turns out that this competition in the oil and gas industry is not the first competition in which these two women have participated together in the previous. The Smart Tournament hosted by SPE ITS SC in 2020, called Petroleague, was discovered to be another competition Tyara and Evania had competed in. From there, they won third place, and it was at that point that they bravery to participate in various smart competitions from various existing SPE student chapters in Indonesia. In the following months, they have been actively participating in the competition. They initially consisted of three persons from the previous smart competition, but one of their members eventually dropped out of the competition because of their hectic schedules and other factors. Then they got the idea to attempt something new, like poster and paper competitions, and it worked out really well!

They decided to participate in the paper and poster competition held by APECX UGM after viewing and considering the numerous competitions. However, due to the fact that evania and tyara are not particularly skilled at visual design and editing, they decided to hunt for people who have knowledge in these fields in order to be able to address the existing shortcomings, namely Latif. They came up with the name TEL-U for their new team, which is a combination of the initials of each of the three members of their group. This APECX competition is the first poster and paper competition they have participated in.

13 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Winner’s Podium

Champion of Poster and Pape

Never allow a lack of knowledge to stand in the way of your success The interesting fact about the TEL-U team is that none of the members have ever competed in a poster or paper competition before.

These three smart individuals do not come naturally with the ability to create posters and papers, as well as to offer visually appealing presentations. They continue to study and discover new things while following the coaching guidance provided by SPE ITS SC. They had numerous discussions with the coach about how to construct an attractive presentation, and they subsequently presented their views and opinions in an interesting, brief, and comprehensive manner in front of the professional judges.

Competitions are all about how powerful it is to learn The Poster and Paper Competition, as the title indicates, is a competition in which contestants must come up with solutions to existing problems, particularly in the oil and gas industry.

The fact that this is the first paper and poster competition in which they have participated means that they will have to learn a lot of new things about how the paper and poster competition is run will be tough. A lot of hard work went into the TEL-U's poster and paper competition journey. Moreover, because the competition is a proposal-based, the search for ideas is the most time-consuming process for the participants. In addition, maintaining consistency is a challenging task while trying to make posters and papers that can help you grow further. Because this competition does not just collect abstracts, papers, or posters, it also includes a presentation session. They are faced with the challenge of communicating their thoughts and ideas in a limited amount of time.

In fact, curiosity is the key to dealing with existing problems As delegates in this competition, each participant has a lot to say about the most important tips and tricks that they have learned during the period of the competitions. First thing first is to learn on your own initiative and continuously, for example, by reading new journals and existing references, in addition to developing a curiosity.

"We don't stop to learn from the experiences of others, we do this by participating in many webinars that review paper and poster competitions, not only within the area of SPE ITS SC such as 'introduction to competition' (SPE ITS SC’s work program) but expanding to various universities that exist." Said Tyara.

This is particularly crucial for a team that is competing during their first paper and poster competition. The key to mastering the presentation stage is to keep practicing, and don't forget to familiarize yourself with the many types of questions that may be asked during the presentation. (TIWI)

“

No matter win or lose, take the chance and learn! Don't be afraid to challenge yourself.

“

er Competition at APECX 2021

Ideas of inspiration will come from this point onwards. Another piece of advice is to never stop learning from the experiences of others, which they do by participating in various webinars that examine paper and poster competitions, among other activities.

-Tyara Novia Andhin, member of the TEL-U Team

14 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Winner’s Podium

OUR MEMBERS

What’s Inside Members Day Season 1

?

Hi Members!

Did you remember about our last gathered in Members Day Season 1 on November 14th? Or do you miss it because of some reason? Don’t worry because What is Members Day? Before we take a deep talk about the event, let's know more about the story behind Members Day. "Like its name, Members day is an event that was for members of SPE ITS SC. It aims to create a strong relationship between the BoC and SPE ITS SC's members, through a series of joint activities where everyone can gain new knowledge, relationships, and education that is not limited to the scope of the oil and gas industry," explained Alya, PIC of Members Day. But, even though it is held as a routine in every stewardship, this event always brings something special every time it's held.

This season, bringing the theme "Copywriting 101", Members Day will explore all about copywriting through two experts from Satu Persen and Rumah Sandyakala. According to Nauval, BoD Organization, this theme has been chosen because in the digital world nowadays, Copywriting is indispensable for building branding both for yourself and related businesses.

15 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Our Members

Special Tips for a Lasting Relationship with Copywriting Like personal relationships, relationships with the audience will be very important in a business. But, how do we make the audience feel at home with us? Come meet Ms. Natih, social media development from Rumah Sandyakala as our first speaker.

According to her, the presence of copywriting is not important, as long as we do not intend to increase our social media traffic and build good branding in the eyes of the audience. Its because this method is able to increase sales of a product or service by 3-5 times if it is able to attract public attention and solve audience problems. Therefore we need to understand the audience (through direct observation or seeing the trend they love), understand the products and services we offer well and create a voice and tone that fits our brand.

So how do you do copywriting? General methods such as following the marketing funnel (awareness, consideration, conversion, loyalty, and advocacy) and AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action) may be familiar to some readers. However, Ms. Natih has a few hacks to make our copy more attractive for the audience, start from using numbers, focusing on the benefits they get, taking advantage of the use of words that contain negative emotions, and making a copy in the form of questions (you can use question words like what, why, and how).

How to Convey Words that Alter Audience?

In simple ways, copywriting is the act of copying someone's mind to find out what they need. With our second speaker, Mr. Fadhil from Satu Persen, let's reveal how the words can alter the audience! But first, we're gonna make it clear, is it content writer had the same meaning as a copywriter? You may be familiar with that, but the difference between these two is content writing refers to an activity to create content that, when accompanied by selling points, will transform into copywriting. Therefore, in the digital world, copywriters have a vital role as creative advertisers, especially through social media.

Is copywriting for all social media the same? The answer is no, every platform has a different audience and goals from each other so adjustments are needed to the copywriting, for example, linked In is usually more aimed at professional branding.

Explanation About Copywriting

By Rumah Sandyakala

So how do you make that interesting copy? First, identify the anatomy of copy text, namely headline, body copy, and closing. Second, identify the buyer persona, aka fictional representation of the target audience. To do this, you can do interviews, check testimonials, questionnaires, or read circulating articles. Third, make sure the goal. Clearly define the content you create, whether for conversion, awareness, viral, education, and others. Fourth, determine the type of copy you want to make, whether it is poetic, honest, exclusive, etc. Fifth, use a copywriting formula. For example on Instagram, the AIDA method is applied by maximizing headers and headlines to attract attention, driving interest through unique facts, displaying benefits to achieve desire, and directing the audience to find solutions through action.

(SUN)

Explanation About Copywriting

By Satu Persen

16 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Our Members

Historical Event Iranian's Revolution: Gate for A Changes on Petroleum industry 17 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Historical Event

The Iranian revolution and the oil price shocks that followed catalyzed a number of important changes in petroleum markets that remain in place today.

The Iranian revolution sparked the world’s second oil shock in five years. Strikes began in Iran’s oil fields in the autumn 1978 and by January 1979, crude oil production declined by 4.8 million barrels per day, or about 7 percent of world production at the time. Other producers were able to make up some of the volume, resulting in a net loss of supply of about 4 to 5 percent. Nevertheless, oil prices climbed rapidly, rising from $13 per barrel in mid-1979 to $34 per barrel in mid-1980.

But how large is the impact?

Deregulation of American fuel market Iran's revolution, 40 years onPrice controls on gasoline exacerbated shortages, by not allowing rising prices to curb demand. The controls allowed refiners to raise gasoline prices each month based on the previous month’s crude oil price. In an environment of rising prices, the price controls incentivized refiners to withhold gasoline and sell it later at higher prices, rather than selling it today. Further aggravating the shortages, the federal government had an allocation system that did not allow gasoline distribution to adjust to demand conditions around the country. Some states also established a policy that only allowed drivers to buy $5 of gasoline at a time, meaning that they had to buy more frequently, virtually ensuring longer lines.

Crude oil markets were regulated as well. Different prices for “old” and “new” oil were a relic of the earlier oil shock in 1973-74 that established perverse incentives, reducing domestic production and increasing imports. Additionally, in April 1979, the Department of Energy ordered large refiners to sell crude oil to smaller refineries that could not obtain affordable supply on the market. However, these smaller refineries were generally less complex, able to produce less gasoline from a given crude oil than their larger counterparts, deepening the supply shortage.

The situation drove a groundswell of anger against U.S. oil companies and public support for President Jimmy Carter dropped substantially. The crisis highlighted the inefficiencies inherent in government control of fuel markets, although the public wanted the government to do something about high prices and long lines. President Carter began to repeal price controls on crude oil in 1979, but the energy crisis, along with the Iran hostage situation, were significant factors in President Carter’s 1980 election loss. Soon after his inauguration, President Reagan removed the remaining federal controls on domestic production and distribution of crude oil and gasoline.

Rise of non-OPEC oil production Some of the most important lingering effects of the Iranian revolution occurred afterward, as the market recovered from the price and supply shock. Oil producers around the world responded to the two crises of the 1970s by investing in exploration and production. Additionally, several large fields that had been discovered in the previous decade began substantial production.

In total, non-OPEC producers added 5.6 million barrels per day of crude oil production from 1979-85. In response, OPEC drastically cut production, setting a limit of 18 million barrels per day in March 1982, compared to the 31 million barrels per day it had been producing at the time of the Iranian revolution.

At the same time, the high oil prices of the previous years and a global recession in the early 1980s brought about declining oil demand. World oil demand fell by about 10 percent from 1979 to 1983. Because of growing supply and shrinking demand, oil prices crashed in the 1980s, declining 40 percent between 1981 and 1985 before collapsing another 50 percent in 1986, down to $12 per barrel.

Development of crude oil spot market Long-term contracts were the primary means of buying and selling oil at the time of the Iranian Revolution.

Therefore, the loss of Iranian oil unevenly affected buyers during the immediate crisis. Buyers with Iranian contracts scrambled to replace the missing oil, while buyers who held contracts with other producers dealt with higher prices, but not actual scarcity.

The crude oil shortage after the Iranian revolution increased the role of the spot market, but the oversupply that followed cemented the demise of long-term contracts at set prices. The surge of supply that came online in response to the second oil shock made spot prices lower than contract prices. Right after the revolution, buyers turned to the spot market willing to pay almost anything for scarce oil. However, in the early 1980s, they turned to the spot market to shop around and find the cheapest source of supply. (SUN)

18 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Historical Event

Ready or Not, There are Sev

Hello SPEople! If you are willing to grow and broaden your knowled

EVENT Like a business, an organization will not last without continuous improvement. This is what lies behind the emergence of visiting activities to get to know each other, discuss, brainstorm, and plan project collaboration, or generally known as benchmarking. Based on that, SPE ITS SC always tends to develop its organization and continues to compete not only with related organizations in Indonesia but also globally.

With its mission, SPE ITS SC 2021/2022 held its first benchmarking with SPE UI SC at the end of 2021. This event, which took place on Sunday, December 11th, 2021, is one of the work programs supervised by the external affairs division.

Starting with the opening speech from both SPE SC, this event was filled with the main agenda focus group discussions between two related departments.

After all, it is going as a successful event. But, don't you curious about who is behind this event? Let's take a peek at the excitement behind the event from David's point of view as a PIC.

Practice makes perfect, maybe this is a phrase that can describe David's current state. With several experiences as PIC of a benchmarking, he did not find it difficult to prepare for this event. "The event was considered a success because we all enjoyed it and could exchange ideas," said Mike as HoD External Affairs. According to David, the selection of SPE UI SC this time was considered appropriate because apart from being established before SPE ITS SC, they also had a good work program.

"Overall I'm happy because the event was quite successful, there were quite a lot of attendees and they enjoyed it during the event. Hopefully from this event, BoC can get a lot of new insight to elevate the quality and performance of SPE ITS SC in the future."-David Rahman, staff of External Affairs SPE ITS SC 2021/2022. (SUN)

19 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Event

Upcom Comp

In addition, th you to contribu energy. Upcom organized by S SPE UI SC, O BOREYES 202 PROTECT 202 competitions activities and energy where, PGD UI 2022 PROTECT 2022

Wh

Begin subs

veral Competition and Event of SPE ITS SC

dge, insights, and networks, SPE ITS SC will give activities and information on oil and gas competitions.

SPEak Up

SPEak Up is one of the events that will be held. SPEak Up will be held on January, 2022, with the goal of providing a forum for SPE Student Chapters throughout abroad to discuss ideas and innovations about the Oil and Gas Industry. SPEak Up is divided into two parts: a Guest Lecture and a Mini Case Competition, in which our audience may not only expand their understanding but also have first-hand experience with "Unconventional Oil and Gas." Then, there are some games that are exciting and increase knowledge, more curious? Therefore, wait for the event and take as much benefit as possible.

ming petition

here are also competitions waiting for ute to sectors related to oil and gas and ming competitions include IPFEST 2022 SPE ITB SC, PGD UI 2022 organized by OGIP 2022 organized by SPE UPN SC, 22 organized by SPE Unpad SC, and 22 organized by SPE UP SC. The are on the scale of international certainly related to oil and gas and , IPFEST 2022 will fall in February, while 2, OGIP 2022, BOREYES 2022, and 2 will fall in March. (MER)

hat are you waiting for?

n contributing to the competition so that it can sequently contribute to the nation.

20 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Sneak PEak

SOFT SKILLS & TIPS

4 Steps for Cooling Off When Feel Burn Out Getting older makes us more aware of the responsibilities that come with it, and as a result, we gain our first professional experience. We work hard every day to keep all aspects of our lives in balance, but some days are much harder than others. If constant stress has you feeling helpless, disillusioned, and completely exhausted, you may be on the road to burnout.

What is Burn Out? Burnout describes a severe stress condition that leads to severe physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion.

People experiencing burnout often feel like they have nothing left to give and may dread getting out of bed each morning. We often neglect it and keep going, but little did we know, it will grow worse to be a timed bomb.

How to Deal with Burn Out?

01

Ask for What You Need It's critical to seek support when things get tough.

Consider creating a self-care "check-in" with close friends and family members if asking for help feels difficult. This way, when things get tough, you can all take care of each other and stay strong.

02

Schedule in Time for Pleasant Activities

Make time for relaxing, hobbies, and calls with friends and family. Sometimes having something non-workrelated to look forward to can really help.

03

Get Plenty of Sleep, Exercise, and Eat Well Devise a strategy for increasing your physical activity and eating better. Sleep for at least eight hours every night. The world will seem like a small place after a few weeks or months of this.

Reevaluate your priorities

04

Spend some time reflecting on your hopes, dreams, and aspirations. Is there something important to you that you're overlooking? Allow yourself to slow down, reflect, and heal by rediscovering what truly makes you happy during this difficult time. (TYR)

21 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Soft Skills & Tips

WORD SPILL The gas that accumulates in the upper reaches of a reservoir where the pressure, temperature, and fluid properties are favorable to free gas. In such cases, the energy provided by the expansion of the gas cap serves as the primary drive mechanism for oil recovery.

Dewpoint Perforation

The loss of drilling fluid to a formation, which usually occurs when the hydrostatic head pressure of the drilling fluid column exceeds the formation pressure. This fluid loss can be loosely classified as seepage losses, partial losses, or catastrophic losses.

Maturity

Gas Cap Sweetening Circulation Loss

Free Point

A hole is made into the formation through the casing and cement. It has a distinctive entrance hole and penetration. In a cased and cemented completion, it is the flow path from the formation to the wellbore.

The most common method uses jet perforating guns equipped with shaped explosive charges. However, other perforating methods include bullet perforating, abrasive jetting, or high-pressure fluid jetting.

The depth at which a tubing or coiled tubing string that has become stuck in the wellbore can be moved.

When the tubing string must be cut to allow recovery, the free point must be known to ensure that the cut tubing can be recovered.

The pressure at which the first condensate liquid in a gas condensate emerges from the solution. At initial conditions, many gas condensate reservoirs are saturated, which means that the dew point is equal to the initial reservoir pressure.

Breakout

The process of unscrewing drill string components, which are coupled by various thread forms known as connections, including tool joints and other threaded connections.

The removal of hydrogen sulfide [H2S] and carbon dioxide [CO2] from a gas stream. These components are removed because they can produce acidic solutions when exposed to water, causing corrosion in gas pipelines.

The process of unscrewing drill string components, which are coupled by various thread forms known as connections, including tool joints and other threaded connections.

Do you think you’ve learned these words well?

Test your memorization skills and answer the quiz through @speitssc’s instagram story!

(Quiz is available on 1/1/2022) (TYR)

22 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Word Spill

23 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Board of SPE ITS SC

24 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Board of SPE ITS SC

petroSPEct

SPE Roadshow

Welcome Party Member

Opening Guest Lecture

Science Course 1

BoC Upgrading 1

Competition 101

BoC Upgrading 2

inSPEct 1.0

E-Powering

Members Day 1

Science Course 2

Soft Skill Course 1.0

Benchmarking with SPE UI

PETROLEAGUE 2021

Soft Skill Course 2.0

25 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | petroSPEct

Alteration is a constructive act, not a destructive one, and it's the opposite of most our impulses -Dario Robleto-

26 | PETROPOLIS VOL 4 | Quote