Effective Human Relations Interpersonal And Organizational Applications 13th by Edition ISBN 1305576160 9781305576162
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Chapter 08 Improving Interpersonal Relations with Constructive Self Disclosure
TRUEFALSE
1. When individuals hide their true feelings, it weakens the communication process.
(A) True
(B) False Answer : (A)
2. Self-description includes telling your co-workers about the types of food you enjoy and the movies you like to watch.
(A) True (B)
False Answer : (A)
3. As a general rule, increased self-awareness is not a benefit of self-disclosure since you are already aware of the information that you communicate about yourself.
(A) True (B)
False Answer : (B)
4. Saying "I feel confused; I don't think I can focus with my headache" at work is an equally authentic yet more appropriate form of self-disclosure than saying "I feel confused; it must be because of this hangover from last night."
(A) True (B)
False Answer : (A)
5. Individuals who are very private about their personal lives may discover stress relief through appropriate self-disclosure.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (A)
6. It's best to ruminate before self-disclosure.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (B)
7. The Johari Window identifies six kinds of information about you that affect your communication with others.
(A) True (B)
False Answer : (B)
8. Constructive criticism is still effective when the listener has an attitude of defensiveness.
(A) True
(B) False Answer : (B)
9. The unknown area of the Johari Window never completely disappears because it contains information that may never be known to you or to others.
(A) True (B)
False
Answer : (A)
10. It is appropriate to keep some information about yourself hidden from others.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (A)
11. Strained work relationships often arise because people will not discuss real or imagined problems in the workplace.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (A)
12. Apology alone is enough for self-disclosure to repair a relationship.
(A) True
(B) False
Answer : (B)
13. The statement, "I'm sorry; I wish I had informed you of the deadline sooner and will give you more warning in the future" includes acceptance of responsibility.
(A) True (B)
False Answer : (A)
14. An effective apology will communicate the three Rs: regret, responsibility, and rumination.
(A) True
(B) False Answer : (B)
15. Jan tells Jill, "I want you to do well. Please take the time to research more sources in the future." This is an inappropriate way to offer criticism.
(A) True (B)
False Answer : (B)
16. Appropriate self-disclosure avoids the expression of feelings and emotions and focuses on the factual content of the interpersonal interaction.
(A) True (B)
False Answer : (B)
17. Trust can be damaged by avoiding commitments.
(A) True (B)
False Answer : (A)
18. Lack of trust is the most common and most serious barrier to self-disclosure in organizations.
(A) True
(B) False Answer : (A)
19. The best time to offer self-disclosure is always "now."
(A) True
(B) False Answer : (B)
20. Employees usually sincerely trust those employers who keep their distance, keep their values to themselves, and provide information on a "need-to-know" basis.
(A) True (B)
False Answer : (B)
21. A good way to become a more open person is to practice by honestly describing your concerns and feelings about minor problems that arise with neighbors or friends, in a respectful and nonthreatening manner.
(A) True (B)
False Answer : (A)
MULTICHOICE
22. Jin opens her meeting presentation by saying, "Hello, I'm Jin, and I will be talking with you about doing business in the country I was raised in, South Korea. I miss living in Seoul and often wish I could move back, but I enjoy sharing my culture with others here in the United States. You might be surprised to learn that Koreans like to entertain and be entertained." Jin used self-disclosure by
saying
(A) "Hello, I'm Jin, and I will be talking with you about doing business in the country I was raised in, South Korea."
(B) "I miss living in Seoul and often wish I could move back..."
(C) "You might be surprised to learn that Koreans like to entertain and be entertained."
(D) All of these sentences demonstrate self-disclosure.
Answer : (B)
23. Kyoko tells her friend Scott that, this semester, she's taking Accounting 122, Human Resources 156, and Business Ethics 201. This is an example of
(A) self-awareness.
(B) self-disclosure.
(C) self-efficacy.
(D) self-description.
Answer : (D)
24. Self-disclosure can increase the accuracy of communication by
(A) establishing a set time for sharing thoughts and feelings.
(B) making sure people write down what they feel before they share information.
(C) improving the quality of reports and memos.
(D) enabling others to know how to respond effectively to an individual.
Answer : (D)
25. The quality of feedback you receive from others depends to a large degree on
(A) the number of people with whom you come into contact.
(B) how confident you are.
(C) how much you practice self-disclosure.
(D) your presentation skills.
Answer : (C)
26. Self-disclosure has a number of benefits, such as
(A) decreased self-consciousness.
(B) enhanced rumination.
(C) more social relationships.
(D) stronger self-awareness.
Answer : (D)
27. Which of the following is true about authenticity?
(A) It requires blunt honesty at all times.
(B) It is necessary to temper your authenticity in the workplace for the sake of professionalism.
(C) It is the unrestricted demonstration of one's true self through communication and interactions with others.
(D) Individuals who are authentic do not have an unknown area of the Johari Window.
Answer : (C)
28. Your text describes how Jim Teeters, after feeling ashamed and considering quitting his college teaching job. stood up in front of his introductory sociology class and confessed that he had selfishly prioritized his need for recognition over his obligation to help them learn. This is an example of
(A) using the meeting to show her talents.
(B) ambition.
(C) the difficulty and challenge of being honest.
(D) the blind pane in Johari's Window.
Answer : (C)
29. Improving interpersonal effectiveness and building relationships often require a reduction in the size of the in your Johari Window.
(A) open area
(B) blind area
(C) information known to others area
(D) information known to self area
Answer : (B)
30. When a round of downsizing forced Olivia's boss, Karen, to ask Olivia to absorb the responsibilities of the laid-off grant writer, neither woman was sure what to expect. Olivia had never written a grant before, but Karen mentored her along. Over time, they discovered that Olivia had a great talent and interest for the task, and she successfully wrote proposals that were awarded hundreds of thousands of dollars. This example of mentoring resulted in which change in Olivia's self-disclosure?
(A) Reduction of the unknown window
(B) Expansion of the blind window
(C) Reduction of the hidden window
(D) Decrease of the open window
Answer : (A)
31. The unknown area of the Johari Window is
(A) the same as the blind area.
(B) made up of private feelings and needs you do not want to share.
(C) an area you need to enlarge in order to build friendships.
(D) an area that you, and others, can never know completely and that can never completely disappear.
Answer : (D)
32. Feedback from others can reduce the size of the unknown pane and increase the size of the pane in the Johari Window.
(A) blind
(B) hidden
(C) unknown
(D) open
Answer : (D)
33. In a 360-degree feedback assessment strategy,
(A) low morale is likely to result, even if the assessment is well planned.
(B) team members discuss each other's strengths and weaknesses together.
(C) employees are required to self-disclose.
(D) the feedback is generally anonymous.
Answer : (D)
34. Which is true of appropriate self-disclosure?
(A) It erodes effective professional role relationships at work.
(B) You can never disclose too much.
(C) It is a way to achieve good emotional health.
(D) The best Johari Window pattern includes four panes of the same size.
Answer : (C)
35. When Bill is alone with Sally, he apologizes by saying, "I'm sorry about getting angry yesterday. I should have informed you sooner that I rescheduled my appointments." Bill's apology could be even stronger if he had included
(A) a remedy. (B) rumination. (C) responsibility. (D) regret. Answer : (A)
36. When Tamara is alone with Michael, she tells him, "I care about your success as a sales associate and believe that the way you interact with clients is hurting your results." Tamara's criticism could be more constructive if she remembered to
(A) use "I-statements."
(B) communicate her regret.
(C) request a specific change in his behavior in the future.
(D) address his competency in and commitment to sales.
Answer : (C)
37. The rules of appropriate self-disclosure include
(A) delaying the discussion of disturbing situations for as long as possible to diffuse emotions.
(B) accurately describing your feelings and emotions.
(C) self-disclosing, regardless of the immediate circumstances.
(D) learning to trust everyone with your self-disclosures.
Answer : (B)
38. Discussing politics and religious beliefs at work typically
(A) builds respect for each employee's ways of thinking.
(B) involves inappropriate amounts of self-disclosure.
(C) indicates knowledge of a topic.
(D) encourages closer, more open relationships.
Answer : (B)
39. Trust is a complex emotion that combines three components:
(A) caring, competency, and commitment.
(B) control, commitment, and clarity.
(C) responsibility, remedy, and rumination.
(D) reliance, dependence, and caring.
Answer : (A)
40. Courtney and Helen work in adjacent cubicles. For the last three years they have maintained a very professional relationship and they know very little about each other's personal lives. This happens when
(A) there is too much work to spend time chatting.
(B) some people belong to the union and others don't.
(C) there is a fear of mergers and acquisitions.
(D) the organization's culture encourages people to hide their feelings.
Answer : (D)
41. To facilitate more open communication, supervisors and managers should
(A) try to become employees' buddies.
(B) avoid developing role expectations.
(C) demonstrate competence and honesty daily.
(D) display a wide range of expectations.
Answer : (C)
42. Case 8.1
Ted is a vice-president in a small company. He's a very laid back and private man. Everyone considers him very nice but indecisive. When he makes a decision, he communicates it accurately, but he often just won't make one. Ted thinks of himself as a very decisive person who likes to be flexible and take his time making decisions. In casual conversations with his secretary, Ted reveals that he went to school in the South, has been married for 20 years, and is thinking about taking a cruise for the first time for this year's vacation.
Ted is terrified of making the wrong decision in most situations. He knows this but won't tell anyone, even his wife. You see, he once worked for a very demanding and abusive boss who eventually fired him. Anytime Ted would make a decision this boss disagreed with, whether it was the right decision or not, the boss would yell at and humiliate him in front of others. As a consequence, now, years later, Ted has a tough time making decisions.
Refer to Case 8.1. Ted's conversation with his secretary is an example of
(A) self-description.
(B) self-disclosure.
(C) self-awareness.
(D) staying in his organizational role.
Answer : (A)
43. Case 8.1
Ted is a vice-president in a small company. He's a very laid back and private man. Everyone considers him very nice but indecisive. When he makes a decision, he communicates it accurately, but he often just won't make one. Ted thinks of himself as a very decisive person who likes to be flexible and take his time making decisions. In casual conversations with his secretary, Ted reveals that he went to school in the South, has been married for 20 years, and is thinking about taking a cruise for the first time for this year's vacation.
Ted is terrified of making the wrong decision in most situations. He knows this but won't tell anyone, even his wife. You see, he once worked for a very demanding and abusive boss who eventually fired him. Anytime Ted would make a decision this boss disagreed with, whether it was the right decision or not, the boss would yell at and humiliate him in front of others. As a consequence, now, years later, Ted has a tough time making decisions.
Refer to Case 8.1. By not telling anyone of his fear of making the wrong decision, Ted is preventing which of the following from taking place?
(A) Role relationships
(B) Reduction of stress
(C) 360-degree feedback assessment
(D) Forgiveness
Answer : (B)
44. Case 8.1
Ted is a vice-president in a small company. He's a very laid back and private man. Everyone considers him very nice but indecisive. When he makes a decision, he communicates it accurately, but he often just won't make one. Ted thinks of himself as a very decisive person who likes to be flexible and take his time making decisions. In casual conversations with his secretary, Ted reveals that he went to school in the South, has been married for 20 years, and is thinking about taking a cruise for the first time for this year's vacation.
Ted is terrified of making the wrong decision in most situations. He knows this but won't tell anyone, even his wife. You see, he once worked for a very demanding and abusive boss who eventually fired him. Anytime Ted would make a decision this boss disagreed with, whether it was the right decision or not, the boss would yell at and humiliate him in front of others. As a consequence, now, years later, Ted has a tough time making decisions.
Refer to Case 8.1. Ted's inability to make decisions is an example of information in which "pane" of his Johari Window?
(A) Open
(B) Blind
(C) Hidden
(D) Unknown
Answer : (B)
45. Case 8.1
Ted is a vice-president in a small company. He's a very laid back and private man. Everyone considers him very nice but indecisive. When he makes a decision, he communicates it accurately, but he often just won't make one. Ted thinks of himself as a very decisive person who likes to be flexible and take his time making decisions. In casual conversations with his secretary, Ted reveals that he went to school in the South, has been married for 20 years, and is thinking about taking a cruise for the first time for this year's vacation.
Ted is terrified of making the wrong decision in most situations. He knows this but won't tell anyone, even his wife. You see, he once worked for a very demanding and abusive boss who eventually fired him. Anytime Ted would make a decision this boss disagreed with, whether it was the right decision or not, the boss would yell at and humiliate him in front of others. As a consequence, now, years later, Ted has a tough time making decisions.
Refer to Case 8.1. Ted has decided to talk with his coworkers about how humiliated and defensive he was after one of his former boss's disagreements over his decisions. Ted needs to pay particular attention to which element of self-disclosure?
(A) Practicing the art of apologizing
(B) Accurately describing feelings and emotions
(C) Communicating the situation in terms of facts
(D) Presenting constructive criticism with care
Answer : (B)
46. Case 8.1
Ted is a vice-president in a small company. He's a very laid back and private man. Everyone considers him very nice but indecisive. When he makes a decision, he communicates it accurately, but he often just won't make one. Ted thinks of himself as a very decisive person who likes to be flexible and take his time making decisions. In casual conversations with his secretary, Ted reveals that he went to school in the South, has been married for 20 years, and is thinking about taking a cruise for the first time for this year's vacation.
Ted is terrified of making the wrong decision in most situations. He knows this but won't tell anyone, even his wife. You see, he once worked for a very demanding and abusive boss who eventually fired him. Anytime Ted would make a decision this boss disagreed with, whether it was the right decision or not, the boss would yell at and humiliate him in front of others. As a consequence, now, years later, Ted has a tough time making decisions.
Refer to Case 8.1. If Ted chose to disclose his past experience with his new boss as a way to help the new boss understand Ted's decision-making process, Ted would need to pay special attention to which element of appropriate self-disclosure?
(A) Practicing the art of apologizing
(B) Using it to repair a damaged relationship
(C) Communicating the experience in terms of facts
(D) Selecting the right time and place
Answer : (D)
SHORTANSWER
47. involves disclosing nonthreatening information, such as your age and favorite food.Answer : Self-description
48. David was taken aback to learn that people think he talks too much in meetings. This tendency
was part of David's area of the Johari Window.Answer : blind
49. Integrity and are related in that they involve the alignment of one's values, beliefs, words, and actions.Answer : authenticity
50. The of the Johari Window represents your public or awareness area.Answer : open area
51. Sharing feelings through appropriate is a social skill anyone can learn.Answer : self-disclosure
52. The technique for helping other people look at their own behavior without putting them on the defensive is called
.Answer : constructive criticism
53. The assessment approach that involves receiving feedback from one's supervisor, peers, subordinates, and sometimes clients is known as .Answer : 360-degree feedback
54. Unquestioning belief in another person's competency, commitment, and capacity to care are important components of
.Answer : trust
55. Vicki cannot seem to stop thinking, over and over, about how she could have better handled an irate customer she encountered last week. Vicki's continual replay of thoughts is known as
.Answer : rumination
56. The best way for a new supervisor to build trust among the people he supervises is to show them that he cares about their success, is to guide them, and is committed to their shared goals.Answer : competent
ESSAY
57. Diego has just been introduced to Dan, a more experienced engineer who will be his teammate for several projects. Draw two Johari Windows for Diego, one representing his communication with Dan now and one representing his communication with Dan after a closer relationship has developed over several months. Explain the difference in the size of the panes in the two window designs.
Graders Info :
See Figure 8.3. The hidden area decreases over time as Diego feels more comfortable disclosing personal information about himself. His blind area decreases as he helps Dan feel more comfortable sharing feedback that Diego can learn from. As a result, Diego's open area is sure to enlarge. His unknown area may also shrink some, especially if Dan mentors him.
58. What roles do self-disclosure and feedback play in our relationships with others?
Graders Info :
All relationships are built on these two elements. As we take steps to expand the "open" pane in our "Johari Window" by being receptive to feedback from others, our relationships deepen. Constructive self-disclosure also expands this pane as we let others know more about what we think and feel.
59. Discuss how to use self-disclosure and feedback in order to repair damaged relationships.
Graders Info :
Self-disclosure and feedback are two processes. They need to be balanced. You can enlarge your open window more by either disclosing your perceptions or by being more receptive to feedback from others. Damaged relationships can be healed by appropriately communicating apology (offer regret, responsibility, and remedy) and forgiveness.
60. Explain the concept of the 360-degree assessment. What are the benefits of this type of assessment?
Graders Info :
Employees are assessed anonymously by their supervisors and co-workers (and sometimes external clients), providing a more thorough assessment. It can provide valuable insight regarding the worker's talents and shortcomings. Problems can be identified so that they can be addressed through training and development programs.
61. Anne is a loan manager and Ken is her client. Anne lost track of time while working on another project and didn't pick up Ken's papers until almost a week after he submitted them. She now must call Ken to apologize for the delay in starting the approval process and ask a few questions. Identify the three components of an effective apology, and offer an example of a strong apology that Anne might use.
Graders Info :
Regret that is sincerely communicated, acceptance of responsibility for your actions, and a commitment not to repeat the behavior. Possible apology from Anne: "I'm sorry for not checking your forms sooner, Ken. If you can provide the missing information now, I will be sure to expedite the approval today."
62. Name the primary barrier to self-disclosure in an organizational setting, and describe its effects.
Graders Info :
Lack of trust is the most common and most serious barrier to self-disclosure in the workplace. In low-trust environments, it often takes a disproportionate amount of time and energy to reach agreements and execute projects. People waste energy masking their true thoughts and feelings and avoiding opportunities for personal growth.
63. Explain the important elements of the art of forgiving.
Graders Info :
Be quick to forgive, which means to give up your resentment and anger, even if you have truly been wronged. When forgiving another person you reveal a great deal through nonverbal messages such as tone of voice, eye contact, gestures, and body posture. Therefore, you must be sure to forgive the person within your mind and heart first, before you try to communicate this, so that your nonverbal and verbal messages agree.
64. You are trying to change the culture in your department to be more friendly and honest. This year you will have a new approach for the annual performance review. Write a form for a 360-degree feedback appraisal that everyone will complete for each department member.
Graders Info :
Answers will vary, but may resemble Table 8.1.
65. If you are trying to convince a friend to self-disclose more, what would you describe as the most important benefits? What personal characteristics lead you to talk openly to someone?
Graders Info :
Answers will vary.
66. Assume you have a Facebook page. Discuss how the information you share on that page could affect your professional success. How would you determine whether you are using appropriate selfdisclosure on Facebook?
Graders Info : Answers will vary.