Thank you to the Arnhold Family and all our supporters who make our work possible. Your generous contributions make possible our efforts to improve the health and well-being of people around the world.
Content Development
Alexandra Coria, MD, Eve Heyn, Ashante R. Patterson
Editors
Julie Compton, Vanessa Gordon
Design
Melissa S. Kaynas
Copyright © 2025
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Rachel Vreeman, MD, MS CHAIR, DEPARTMENT OF GLOBAL HEALTH AND HEALTH SYSTEM DESIGN DIRECTOR, ARNHOLD INSTITUTE FOR GLOBAL HEALTH
It brings me immense joy to reflect on the remarkable successes we’ve achieved together during our 10th anniversary year at the Arnhold Institute for Global Health at Mount Sinai. The collective dedication and hard work of our team, partners, and supporters have made a profound impact on making communities healthier and stronger, touching the lives of countless people around the world.
Heightened Global Profile: I was privileged to take part in the Concordia Annual Summit in New York with the President of Guyana, His Excellency Dr. Mohamed Irfaan Ali, to highlight the progress in transforming the country’s health care system. The panel also featured John Hess, Chief Executive Officer of Hess Corporation, and Brendan G. Carr, MD, MA, MS, Chief Executive Officer of Mount Sinai Health System. Also, we were incredibly honored to host at Mount Sinai the Prime Minister of Nepal, Rt. Hon. K.P. Sharma Oli, who delivered a keynote applauding our efforts in advancing health care in Nepal. These are important recognitions that the highest levels of government truly value our partnerships.
Improving Health Through Partnerships: Through our five global partnerships in Ghana, Guyana, Kenya, Nepal, and New York, we’re improving access to high-quality health care for 35 million people.
In Guyana, 37,000 children, many in hard-to-reach areas, have already received full health exams since the rollout of annual screenings in schools began just over a year ago. Having worked in child health globally for more than 20 years, I’ve never seen a program scale across
“The collective dedication and hard work of our team, partners, and supporters have made a profound impact on making communities healthier and stronger, touching the lives of countless people around the world.”
an entire country like this so quickly. In Nepal, we launched a cervical and breast cancer screening program in 2024 that has screened over 500 women with plans to screen 5,000 more people in the coming year. In Kenya, we’ve expanded health care services for adolescents, many of whom are living with HIV, to include routine mental health screenings. In New York, our free community doula program at two hospitals in Queens now also supports pregnant individuals who are incarcerated or living in temporary housing, communities often facing the highest needs.
More Than 50 Publications: Our research produces rigorous evidence to improve health care policy, practices, and care. In Ghana, for example, our collaborative research is supporting efforts to bring primary care to the doorsteps of people, even in the most remote communities.
Educational Exchanges for More Than 20 Trainees: Our global health trainee exchanges provided life-changing learning experiences for more than 20 medical students, residents, and fellows. In addition, training and knowledge exchanges for medical staff occurred for the first time this year between our partnerships in Kenya and Nepal, enhancing skills in nursing, community-based cancer screenings, and OB-GYN care. These visits were so successful that we’re excited about expanding reciprocal exchanges between our global partners in 2025.
As we celebrate these accomplishments and so many more, I want to express my deepest gratitude to everyone who has played a role in making this progress possible. Your dedication, passion, and unwavering support are the driving forces behind our success.
Looking ahead, let us continue to work together to ensure access to high-quality health care for all.
With gratitude,
Rachel Vreeman, MD, MS Chair, Department of Global Health
Director,
and Health System Design
Arnhold Institute for Global Health
The Arnhold Institute for Global Health and the Department of Global Health and Health System Design at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai are dedicated to strengthening health systems, training the next generation of global health leaders, and using implementation research to improve the health of underserved people no matter where they live. We are an academic institute and department that partners with health systems, government partners, academic institutions, and leading community-based organizations to maximize positive health impacts at scale. We believe that global health is local health and that all people deserve access to quality health care.
We work across our tripartite mission to deliver high-quality care, conduct world-class research, and educate health care providers and future global health leaders. Our research programs generate evidence to improve care and clinical practice, strengthen health systems and make them more resilient, and make global health policy more effective. We are a leader in building equitable, multilateral partnerships to transform health care systems around the world.
We believe in a world where the most vulnerable people have access to high-quality health care.
At the Arnhold Institute for Global Health, our mission is building lasting impact through global health partnerships. We seek to build deeper, more effective, more equitable, and more innovative global academic partnerships. Through stronger partnerships, we can build stronger, resilient health systems that provide quality care to our world’s most vulnerable people.
We fulfill our vision and mission with the values of equity, impact, service, and integrity in mind.
50,000 Community Health Workers supported through our research partnerships and faculty
15,000+
Kenyan adolescents living with HIV receive care
17,000
Children in Guyana screened for comprehensive health needs
20+
Care Education Research
Multilateral global health education exchanges
$14.2M+ in new grant funding for 2024
50 Active research studies
35M+
People served through our global partnerships
50+ Publications in peer-reviewed journals in 2024
In 2024, the Arnhold Institute for Global Health and the Department of Global Health and Health System Design at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai deepened our global strategic partnerships in Ghana, Kenya, Nepal, and New York, while further strengthening our transformative engagement with the Guyana Ministry of Health. Among our many successes:
Showcased Mount Sinai’s Impact in Guyana: Hosted a high-profile panel at the 2024 Concordia Annual Summit, featuring the President of Guyana. Mount Sinai and the government of Guyana are working together to build a world-class health system.
Expanded School-Based Health Screenings in Guyana: Expanded annual school-based health screenings, in collaboration with the Guyana Ministries of Health and Education, to include nursery schools and primary schools. Through 2024, 37,000 children have received comprehensive checkups.
Awarded $5.2 Million for Digital Health Workforce in Guyana: Received $5.2 million to launch the region’s first-of-its-kind institute dedicated to training a workforce to support Guyana’s digital health initiatives.
Hosted Nepal’s Prime Minister at Mount Sinai: Welcomed the Prime Minister of Nepal, who honored our AMPATH Nepal partnership and highlighted our shared commitment to improving access to quality care.
Launched Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening in Nepal: Launched a cervical and breast cancer screening and treatment program in rural Nepal, screening over 500 women with plans to expand to 5,000 more women in 2025.
Held National Strategic Planning Meeting in Ghana: Held first national strategic planning meeting with more than 50 experts from Mount Sinai, Ghana Health Service, and leading institutions. This expanded our research engagements to include the Ghana Health Service’s three national research centers and broadened our efforts to improve primary care access to underserved areas nationwide.
Provided Mental Health Services for Youth in Kenya: Expanded mental health services for adolescents and youth in western Kenya, implementing for the first time routine mental health screenings at our partner clinic, a peer mentor group supervision program, and biweekly sessions to support psychiatry residents in training.
Held AMPATH Kenya Adolescent Health Summit: Hosted second annual summit, with nearly 300 participants over three days, focusing on advancing youth-friendly health programs in Kenya and beyond.
Launched Doula Program for Incarcerated and Housing-Insecure Individuals: Launched tailored doula program to support people who are incarcerated or living in temporary housing through pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period. The free program has already served more than 70 patients. In addition, our HOPE Community Doula Program that provides free doula support for individuals at two public hospitals in Queens continued to grow and has served more than 160 people.
Pioneered Global Health Research: Published research in more than 50 peer-reviewed publications, increased active global health research studies by 14 percent from 2023, and secured $2.9 million in new research funding awards. This work directly informs global policy and practice, improving care and access for underserved people.
Shaping Tomorrow’s Global Health Leaders: Facilitated global health training experiences for more than 20 medical students, residents, and fellows at our partnerships in Ghana, Kenya, Nepal, and New York. We not only provide global education opportunities for Mount Sinai learners but also host trainees from our global partnerships at Mount Sinai.
Launched Educational Exchanges Across Partnerships: Initiated first educational exchanges between our global partnerships, beginning with APMPATH Kenya and AMPATH Nepal. More than a dozen specialists in nursing, oncology, and obstetrics and gynecology participated in these reciprocal exchanges, fostering shared knowledge and skills.
In 2024, the Arnhold Institute for Global Health at Mount Sinai expanded its Education Program with innovative exchanges, not only between our global partners and Mount Sinai but also among our network of global partnerships.
The Arnhold Institute’s Education Program facilitates invaluable hands-on learning at our global partnerships while also welcoming their trainees and specialists to New York for mutual skills development. In 2024, the Arnhold Institute introduced exchanges between our AMPATH Nepal and AMPATH Kenya partnerships for the first time. These exchanges fostered the sharing of knowledge and best practices in critical fields, such as nursing, cancer research, and OB-GYN care.
Dr. Richard Mogeni and Dr. Sumisti Shakya in Kenya (left) and Nepal.
A highlight of the year was the reproductive health exchange, our first multilateral exchange of its kind. Sumisti Shakya, MD, a high-risk obstetrics fellow from Dhulikhel Hospital in Nepal, spent time at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Kenya, where she gained essential skills in managing complex pregnancies.
Dr. Shakya participated in ward rounds, received specialized ultrasound training, and spent significant time in the operating room and clinics. She observed high-risk obstetric cases, including cardiac complications and cancer, saw severe sickle cell disease for the first time, and encountered infectious diseases like malaria and HIV in pregnancy—rare in Nepal.
“I wanted to develop my skills in handling complex pregnancies and apply what I learned to my practice back home in Nepal,” said Dr. Shakya. The new skills she acquired will be directly applied to improving maternal care for high-risk pregnancies in Nepal.
In a reciprocal exchange, Richard Mogeni, MBChB, a gynecologist at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, traveled to Nepal to improve his skills in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery. During his rotation at Dhulikhel Hospital, he participated in surgeries, including laparoscopic hysterectomies, cystectomies, and urogynecological procedures. Dr. Mogeni appreciated the efficiency and advanced techniques used at Dhulikhel Hospital, noting that these practices could be adapted at his hospital. “Their system is efficient, and they use very effective laparoscopic techniques. It’s a practice we can adapt at our hospital in Kenya,” he said.
The success of these exchanges has already resulted in tangible improvements in care. Dr. Shakya plans to use her enhanced ultrasound skills to better diagnose and manage high-risk pregnancies in Nepal, ensuring more women receive the care they need. Similarly, Dr. Mogeni is eager to implement the laparoscopic techniques he learned to expand access to minimally invasive surgeries for Kenyan women.
“These exchanges capitalize on the strengths of each institution while addressing mutual needs,” said Wan-Ju Wu, MD, MPH, Adolescent and Reproductive Health Team Leader for AMPATH Kenya and Assistant Professor of Global Health, and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. “By fostering these collaborations, knowledge, training, and skills flow freely between our global health partnerships, improving care for patients.”
Looking ahead to 2025, the Arnhold Institute will continue to build on the success of these reciprocal global partner exchanges, ensuring that the sharing of expertise remains a vital part of improving access to high-quality care.
“We are proud of these exchanges,” said Diana Lee, MD, Director of Global Health Education at the Arnhold Institute and Associate Professor of Global Health, and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. “The learning goes both ways, and everyone involved benefits from the cross-cultural exchange of knowledge and skills.”
Coordinated exchanges for more than 20 medical students, residents, and fellows at our partnerships in Ghana, Kenya, Nepal, and New York.
Launched first exchanges between our AMPATH Kenya and AMPATH Nepal partnerships, with 13 specialists participating from nursing, oncology, and obstetrics and gynecology.
Collaborated on the development of a five-day course for early 2025 to train health care providers across western Kenya who work with adolescents.
Since 2019, our partnerships have awarded small pilot grants of up to $25,000 to support new ideas and collaborations. These grants foster teamwork and innovation across our partner institutions—fundamental elements of a strong global health research program. Although not all are research projects themselves, successful pilot projects open doors to pursue further funding and establish longstanding, equitable collaborations. For instance, a junior researcher from Mount Sinai might work for the first time with a senior clinician from Kenya as co-principal investigators, leading to a productive multi-year partnership exploring a new way of delivering care.
In 2024, we awarded 18 pilot grants: eight in Kenya, five in New York City, and five in Nepal. Each year’s grant guidelines are tailored to the priorities of our partner sites—such as adolescent health or community-based care—and applications are rigorously evaluated in a process modeled on the National Institutes of Health.
Grant recipient Hilda Cheserek
In 2024, for the first time, four grants were awarded for projects led by youth ages 15 to 24 in Kenya. These $5,000 grants develop youth as program leaders, and the recipients are required to measure the results of their projects, a basic research and program implementation skill.
Grant recipient Hilda Cheserek is a peer mentor at a local clinic for adolescents living with HIV. Her project aims to train her fellow peer mentors to identify mental health problems among the youth they work with. “What excited me is that the peer mentors are the ones taking the control of this project,” she said, pointing out that they have the greatest access to and understanding of the youth they serve.
As she implements her project, Hilda is mentored by Brittany McCoy, MD, a Mount Sinai pediatrician and psychiatrist on faculty at the Arnhold Institute for Global Health, and Florence Jaguga, MBChB, MMed, psychiatrist from Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, one of our partners in Kenya. Dr. McCoy noted, “The youth-led pilot projects offer an excellent opportunity for young individuals to gain further mentorship, build their leadership skills, and address the issues they consider most important for their peers.”
A pilot grant in our New York City partnership trialed a novel strategy—the “blood pressure variability index”—to individualize cardiovascular care in a highly diverse and underserved urban community in Queens. They used the new marker to identify patients at NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst whose unstable blood pressures put them at high risk of complications like stroke and heart attack. They then provided individualized counseling to help those patients stabilize their blood pressure, establishing groundwork for larger studies that could change the paradigm of community cardiovascular care.
“Our patients were absolutely thrilled with the project,” said Deborah Reynolds, MD, a cardiologist at Elmhurst Hospital and the pilot grant’s principal investigator. “It made them feel like they are participating in a community effort to help our providers learn how best to improve support.” Moreover, Dr. Reynolds’s co-principal investigator and senior Mount Sinai faculty member, Eyal Shemesh, MD, adds, “The pilot grant was instrumental in allowing us to set up and maintain a new and successful research partnership between Elmhurst Hospital and Mount Sinai.”
In 2023, the AMPATH Nepal partnership awarded a pilot grant to improve pediatric emergency care at Dhulikhel Hospital. In 2024, that team achieved all three of their project’s goals. First, they trained 20 Nepali physicians in the American Heart Association’s Pediatric Advanced Life Support program, a certification for pediatric emergency medicine providers. Second, using simulations, they conducted training for 40 doctors, nurses, and students in four health conditions requested by the Dhulikhel Hospital team: respiratory distress,
preterm birth, pesticide poisoning, and seizures. Lastly, they assessed the further needs of Dhulikhel Hospital’s pediatric emergency services, laying the groundwork for more collaboration in research and training.
The team is led by Morgan Bowling, DO, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, and Emergency Medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Anish Joshi, MBBS, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at Dhulikhel Hospital and Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences. They have already presented data from the simulation training at one academic meeting and look forward to continuing their work together. Says Dr. Joshi, “This partnership not only elevates the standard of care at Dhulikhel Hospital but also sets a precedent for future collaborations aimed at improving health care across Nepal.”
Published our research in more than 50 peer-reviewed journals; increased our active global health research studies by 14 percent from 2023.
Received new faculty research awards totaling $2.9 million.
Held intensive grant-writing training workshop for Arnhold Institute faculty.
Delivered two-day research training on ethics and informed consent with our Nepal partners, attended by 30 Nepali faculty.
The Anti-Racism Task Force is committed to transforming the Arnhold Institute for Global Health into an exemplary anti-racist institution, striving to achieve equity, non-discrimination, and social justice. The task force’s work revolves around three goals: addressing power dynamics within the department, decolonizing the Arnhold Institute’s global health partnerships, and cultivating Black faculty and leadership.
In 2024, with the completion of their 2021-2023 action plan, the task force undertook a strategic planning process to define how to make these goals a reality. Using frameworks that global health teams employ every day to ensure that partnership activities have measurable and meaningful outcomes, the group looked inward at its own institution. They mapped out in detail how to measure progress toward their goals and the resources needed to get there.
In the end, the task force defined step-by-step plans in each of their three core work areas. Beginning in 2024 and progressing into 2025, the task force is implementing these plans. These activities include revising hiring and training practices; developing departmental standard operating procedures that reflect an antiracist, decolonized lens; and critically analyzing power dynamics within our department to identify opportunities for change.
Ultimately, the task force’s goal is to shift both culture and policy within the department to foster genuine racial and social equity in every aspect of the Arnhold Institute’s work.
NEW YORK CITY
Building resilient health systems with NYC H+H
Improving chronic disease management
THE GUYANA HEALTH INITIATIVE
Strengthening Guyana’s health system
Advancing adolescent health care
Transforming rural community health
At the Arnhold Institute for Global Health, we have adopted a model of partnership focused on building long-term institutional collaborations that start with the health needs and priorities of the people and communities we serve. This commitment provides a platform for engagement that is more equitable, provides sustained and lasting benefit to the organizations and communities engaged in the partnership, and helps us overcome the barriers to bringing health innovations to scale.
Our model brings together government, academic, and community health partners in a partnership framework that allows each partner to bring their strengths to bear in tackling some of the biggest global health challenges of our time. It provides a set of shared values and priorities for each partnership, strengthens collaboration among partners, and makes our work more effective and lasting. At scale, our efforts help shape global policy and practice standards and improve the health of millions.
Strategic planning meeting in Ghana, October 2024
In 2024, Mount Sinai’s Arnhold Institute for Global Health and its partners in Ghana made significant progress in our efforts to bring high-quality primary care to people’s doorsteps—care that is especially needed in rural regions, where roughly 40 percent of the West African nation’s population lives.
We achieved this goal by expanding our research partnerships—previously focused chiefly on adult chronic diseases and indoor air pollution—to include child and youth health, infectious diseases, and health systems, and by broadening our scope in adult primary care and environmental health. We also forged new collaborations across Ghana’s renowned health research centers, which will expand our reach to rural and underserved areas nationwide.
Led by David Heller, MD, MPH, Associate Professor of Global Health, and Medicine (General Internal Medicine) at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and Raymond Aborigo, PhD, MPH, Senior Scientist at Ghana’s Navrongo Health Research Centre, the Ghana partnership fundamentally believes that comprehensive primary care should be accessible to all. Building on a longstanding Ghanaian government initiative that brings care to mothers and children at home, the team showed that this model can also be used to deliver high-quality care for chronic diseases.
Their COMBINE study, launched in 2022, was the first in Ghana to shift care for high blood pressure and depression from referral clinics, far from many patients’ homes, to rural villages. Local nurses provided blood pressure medications alongside childhood vaccines; and community health workers, who have long taught people hand hygiene, coached community members on lifestyle changes like tobacco and alcohol reduction. In 2023, results found that after 90 days, 91 percent of patients with high blood pressure and depression had their disease under control. In 2024, new results were remarkable: among the 87 percent of patients still in the study at one year, all had their condition under control.
Building on this success, the team broadened in 2024 the collaboration between Mount Sinai and the Ghana Health Service, the implementation arm of Ghana’s Ministry of Health that focuses on rural and underserved populations. That October, we brought together 60 scholars and leaders for a week of strategic planning to expand the partnership. Several dozen Mount Sinai faculty across clinical departments, as well as researchers from Ghana Health Service’s research centers, participated. “The creativity and dedication among colleagues across our partnering institutions were inspiring,” said Evan Alvarez, MS, MA, Program Manager for the Ghana partnership.
Moving forward, the group will collaborate around a common goal to improve primary care in rural Ghana through research and turn it into national policy. Just as Dr. Heller and Dr. Aborigo showed that existing village health teams can treat adults with hypertension and depression, the group wants to innovate in several new areas: child and adolescent health, environmental health, infectious diseases, and health system engagement. They also plan to expand their work to treat other non-communicable diseases.
This broader engagement will create opportunities for more researchers at Mount Sinai to collaborate through an expanded partnership that includes the Ghana Health Service’s three research centers—based in Navrongo, Kintampo, and Dodowa—as well as C.K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences. The next step is to sign a memorandum of understanding to formalize these relationships.“We broadened our tent across Ghana as well as Mount Sinai in a really exciting way,” said Dr. Heller.
In 2025, the Ghana partnership will also support five seed grants of $20,000 each for projects that advance the overarching goal to conduct new research that brings primary care to the people of Ghana, and then to translate it into government policy. Additionally, the COMBINE study team, following the exciting results of their initial pilot, is planning a randomized trial to compare this villagelevel care model to usual chronic disease care, aiming to solidify this approach as a new model of adult primary care.
The ultimate goal of the Ghana partnership is to establish Ghana as a world leader for public sector primary care across the lifespan, accessible to all.
Held first national strategic planning meeting in Ghana with 50+ experts from Mount Sinai, Ghana Health Service, and other leading institutions.
Expanded our partnership nationwide by engaging all three of the Ghana Health Service’s research centers: Navrongo, Kintampo, and Dodowa.
Demonstrated extraordinary new results in 2024: 100 percent of patients still enrolled in the COMBINE study had their hypertension and depression controlled after one year.
David Heller, MD, MPH
Ghana Partnership Director and Guyana Primary Care Lead
In a minibus on a highway in the Caribbean country of Guyana, where he leads the Arnhold Institute for Global Health’s efforts to improve adult primary care, David Heller, MD, MPH, enthusiastically describes the motivation that drives his work:
“I have always been passionate about the idea that all people, even in very remote or marginalized communities, deserve lifetime primary health care as a human right, and that the health system should bring that care to the person’s doorstep,” says Dr. Heller, Ghana Partnership Director and Guyana Primary Care Lead, Arnhold Institute. “It does not need to be delivered by a doctor and does not even need to happen in a clinic.”
With his characteristic bright eyes and good-natured smile, he describes a career dedicated to pushing the envelope of what nurses and community health workers can do to bring care directly to people, wherever they live. His vision is that even long-term, chronic diseases like heart disease and complex diseases like cancer—both among the world’s leading causes of death—can be treated as close to home as possible.
Since joining Mount Sinai in 2016, Dr. Heller has been determined to prove this concept. “Not only is it feasible to train nurses and community health workers to treat chronic diseases, but the outcomes from community-based primary care interventions can be as good or better than health care led by physicians,” he explains.
Most recently, his research partnership has shown that in rural Ghana, where about 40 percent of the population resides, non-physicians can effectively go to people’s homes to diagnose and treat high blood pressure and depression, exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) outcomes for these conditions. In the trial, known as the COMBINE study, 91 percent of patients with high blood pressure or depression had their disease under control after 90 days.
“I
have always been passionate about the idea that all people, even in very remote or marginalized communities, deserve lifetime primary health care as a human right, and that the health system should bring that care to the person’s doorstep.”
“These nurses and health workers already provide care across Ghana in the form of childhood vaccinations and prenatal care, but no one had tested or proven their ability to treat adult chronic diseases like hypertension or depression until we did so,” says Dr. Heller, who is also Associate Professor of Global Health, and Medicine (General Internal Medicine) at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.
In Ghana, Dr. Heller works closely with the Navrongo Health Research Centre, the Arnhold Institute’s partner. “I’m exceedingly lucky to work with the talented and dedicated Centre,” Dr. Heller says. “We share a vision of what a community-based primary care system can look like, and we are all excited to work together to make it a reality.”
He also applies his passion for bringing effective primary care to limited-resource settings in Guyana, where he leads the adult primary care initiative of Mount Sinai’s partnership with the Guyana Ministry of Health. There, he has led a team since 2022 that is systematically bringing Guyana’s adult primary care practice up to an international standard. Just in the last year, his team has developed the first-ever national guidelines for delivery of high-quality cardiovascular and diabetes care among adults in Guyana, with an emphasis on community-based health care.
Dr. Heller has mentored dozens of burgeoning primary care and public health research scholars, holds a leadership role within the Arnhold Institute’s Anti-Racism Task Force, and has successfully advocated for changes to the WHO Essential Medicines List to bring it into line with best practices in cardiovascular care. As a participating doctor in the Mount Sinai Hospitalization at Home program in New York City, he brings hospital-level care to patients in their own homes.
Dr. Heller often invokes the Alma-Ata Declaration, the landmark 1978 decree that primary health care is the key to health for all people, which he describes as the north star guiding his work.
“Any health system can bring outstanding primary health care to people on their own terms,” he says, “no matter where they live.”
In 2024, Mount Sinai experts and the government of Guyana made significant strides in improving children’s health across the country with the rapid rollout of comprehensive health screenings in schools nationwide. Before the screenings launched in late 2023, Guyana lacked routine health check-ups for children. Today, approximately 37,000 children aged 3-12 have received health exams in schools, even in the most remote regions reachable by boat.
These screenings have found a significant need for follow-up care, with about a quarter of screened students referred for additional services, including dental, vision, hearing, speech, and developmental services. These early interventions are setting children on a path to better success in school and life.
“It’s incredibly moving to see children put on glasses and to witness the smile on their faces and know the change that will make in their learning and behavioral development,” said Josué Alcántara, MPH, Guyana Country Director for the Arnhold Institute for Global Health.
This Child and Youth Health Initiative, in collaboration with the Guyana Ministries of Health and Education, is part of our broader collaboration with the government of Guyana, and with support from Hess Corporation, to build a world-class health system across the nation.
Together, we are improving primary care for children and adults in every part of Guyana, developing specialized services, and strengthening the country’s health workforce.
We are also advancing digital health initiatives, including Guyana’s first national electronic health record system, and improving safety and quality of care at the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation, the country’s largest hospital. Our team includes experts across Mount Sinai, working in partnership to bring about these critical changes.
“Our teams have accomplished so much in such a short period of time,” said Rachel Vreeman, MD, MS, Director of the Arnhold Institute. “Together, we are transforming the health care system in Guyana to improve the health and well-being of generations to come.”
At the heart of this initiative is the design and rollout of the innovative school-based health screenings. In 2024, we expanded screenings from nursery schools for children ages 3-5, to primary schools for ages 6-12. “With this new age group, we had to address new health concerns that the teams would need to screen for, like mental health issues and questions about puberty,” explained Dr. Vreeman, a pediatrician. “We collaborated closely with Ministry officials to adapt proven pediatric screening tools, ensuring they were context-appropriate, culturally sensitive, and easy to use by screening teams that usually don’t include pediatricians.”
To help non-pediatricians screen children of different ages confidently, we created a pocket guide. It includes tips on giving children physical exams, identifying developmental milestones at different ages, sensitively asking about signs of puberty, and a chart explaining when children should lose their teeth.
In 2025, the comprehensive health exams will expand to secondary schools. An essential aspect of the initiative is ensuring that those identified with health issues have access to high-quality health services. In 2024, Guyanese health officials identified a need for improved services for children and youth with autism. To meet this need, Mount Sinai child development experts assisted with drafting the country’s first National Autism Policy and Guidelines, which once adopted, will guide screening, diagnosis, and treatment.
Through continued collaboration, healthy Guyanese children will grow into healthy adults, creating a thriving, healthy society for all.
Launched Guyana’s first national diabetes and cardiovascular disease treatment guidelines; trained more than 50 care providers across the country to screen for and treat non-communicable diseases.
Awarded $5.2 million by the Greater Guyana Initiative to launch the region’s first institute to train a new digital health workforce.
Opened a state-of-the-art pathology lab at the national referral hospital, reducing average patient diagnostic times from three months to three days.
Launched a training program for nursing professionals with 900 students, the largest class in Guyana’s history.
The AMPATH Kenya partnership expanded crucial mental health services for adolescents and youth in 2024, with a focus on improving care for those living with HIV.
The Arnhold Institute for Global Health at Mount Sinai leads the AMPATH Kenya partnership’s efforts to improve health care for youth. At the heart of the initiative is the Rafiki Centre of Excellence in Adolescent Health in Eldoret, Kenya, which provides free comprehensive services for youth ages 15-24, including HIV treatment and prevention, reproductive health, and life skills. “There’s a tremendous need for mental health services in Kenya, particularly for adolescents,” said Brittany McCoy, MD, Adolescent Mental Health Team Lead for AMPATH Kenya.
The AMPATH Kenya partnership includes Mount Sinai’s Arnhold Institute, Moi University, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, and the AMPATH Consortium—a network of global academic centers.
One important achievement in 2024 was the implementation of routine mental health screenings for all youth visiting the Rafiki Centre. This effort is helping to address the lack of mental health services for youth and is the first time that all youth presenting for care are being systematically screened for mental health concerns at our partner youth clinic in Kenya. Dr. McCoy worked closely with Eunice Temet, MBChB, MMed, Head of the Department of Psychiatry at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, to refine the clinic’s electronic medical record system. This update ensures that every youth who visits the clinic is routinely screened for depression, anxiety, and substance use.
2024 Adolescent Health Summit: Nearly 300 experts, including youth, participated.
“We’ve adapted mental health screening tools specifically for youth in Kenya,” said Dr. McCoy, Instructor, Psychiatry, and Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. “Now, every patient visiting the Rafiki Centre is screened for common mental health conditions during their visit, ensuring these issues are identified early and addressed.” These screenings are conducted by nurses, with results guiding next steps, including referral to a mental health counselor or psychiatrist. This is especially critical for youth living with HIV, who may face additional psychosocial challenges related to their condition.
In addition to the screening program, Dr. McCoy spearheaded a group supervision program for young adult peer mentors at the Rafiki Centre. These mentors provide essential psychosocial support to youth living with HIV, helping them navigate their care and medication adherence. The biweekly supervision sessions support the mentors’ professional growth and well-being, offering them a confidential space to discuss challenges and receive guidance from experienced professionals. “These peer mentors play a vital role in supporting the youth in the clinic, and providing them with a space to share challenges and develop their skills is essential to the success of this program,” Dr. McCoy explained. “We’ve seen a great response from the mentors, and we’re exploring ways to potentially expand it to other AMPATH clinics.”
Dr. McCoy and her colleagues also expanded educational programming on child and adolescent mental health. Dr. McCoy conducts biweekly case discussions with psychiatry residents, called registrars, at Moi University School of Medicine. This is especially important because there is no specialized child and adolescent psychiatry fellowship program in Kenya, and most psychiatrists are trained in adult psychiatry.
“The demand for child and adolescent psychiatry training is significant, and we’re working to fill that gap by supporting the psychiatry registrars,” Dr. McCoy added. “These sessions help equip the next generation of mental health professionals with the knowledge and skills they need to support youth in Kenya.
Dr. McCoy’s collaborative efforts with the AMPATH Kenya team have led to a solid foundation for mental health services for Kenyan youth at Rafiki Centre and beyond. The ultimate goal is to expand services to reach more youth across Kenya, ensuring access to the mental health support they need to thrive.
Expanded services at the first-of-its-kind pediatric and adolescent OB-GYN clinic in western Kenya. This clinic has already supported over 100 youth visits, providing essential health care for adolescents in the region.
Hosted Second Annual Adolescent Health Summit, a three-day meeting with nearly 300 participants to advance the strategic priorities of our Adolescent Health Initiative.
Launched a monthly virtual obstetrics and gynecology training program, using the Project ECHO platform, that supports and trains over 150 reproductive health providers in western Kenya.
In 2024, the Arnhold Institute for Global Health’s Kenya partnership awarded pilot grants to support eight innovative projects to develop care, education, and research initiatives at AMPATH Kenya that promote adolescent health.
The grants fell into two categories. Four grants of up to $20,000 were awarded to faculty collaborations between our Kenyan partners and AMPATH consortium institutions. The other four were “Young Leaders” grants of $5,000, awarded to youth ages 15-24 working with two expert mentors—one Kenyan, one North American—to promote youth-led work at the Rafiki Centre for Excellence in Adolescent Health in Eldoret, Kenya.
Adolescent Chamas+: Piloting a Transformative Health and Economic Strengthening Intervention for Pregnant and Parenting Adolescents
Building Capacity for Adolescent Mental Health through Empowering Community Health Volunteers (CHVS)
Expansion and Capacity Development of the Adolescent and Youth Advisory Board
Adaptation of the Pediatric Traumatic Stress Screening Tool and a Care Process Model for Pediatric Traumatic Stress for Primary Care Settings Serving Adolescents in Western Kenya
Julia Songok, MBChB, MMed Moi University Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital
Wan-Ju Wu, MD, MPH Mount Sinai
Scholastic Adeli, MPhil, DPhil Moi University
Matthew L. Turissini, MD Indiana University
Edith Apondi, MBChB, MMed Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital
Leslie Enane, MD, MSc Indiana University
Eunice Temet, MBChB, MMed Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital
Brittany McCoy, MD Mount Sinai
Project Title
Expanding the Capacity of AMPATH Young Adult Peer Mentors: Training Peers to Identify Youth Mental Health Problems
Leveraging Social Media for Improved Sexual and Reproductive Health in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Enhancing Peer Navigation and Mentorship Programs through Capacity Building and Support Supervision Initiatives Within USAID AMPATH Uzima Program
Rafiki’s Nurture and Engagement Talk for Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Young Mothers and Fathers: “Rafiki’s NET kwa SRH ya Mama na Baba Wadogo”
Hilda Cheserek Rafiki Centre
Catherine Wanjiku Rafiki Centre
Florence Jaguga, MBChB, MMed Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital
Victor Ngeno Rafiki Centre
Lydia Munialo, MBChB, MMed Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital
Brittany McCoy, MD Mount Sinai
Susan Rono Rafiki Centre
Douglas Gaitho, MBChB, MMPCh, MPH AMPATH Kenya
Wan-Ju Wu, MD, MPH Mount Sinai
Diana Lee, MD Mount Sinai
Edith Apondi, MBChB, MMed Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital
Ishmail Sillah, DNP-AGACNP-BC, MPH, MS RN NIH-Fogarty Center/ University of Arizona
Mary A. Ott, MD, MA
Professor and Associate Director for Global Youth Programs
Mary A. Ott, MD, MA, an adolescent medicine physician, ethicist, and researcher, has dedicated more than 25 years to improving the health of adolescents and young adults. “Adolescent health is always interesting,” she said. “Young people look at things differently, which in turn, inspires me to consider new and innovative perspectives.”
In 2024, Dr. Ott brought her expertise and enthusiasm to the Arnhold Institute for Global Health as the Associate Director for Global Youth Programs. Before this, she was at Indiana University School of Medicine, where she was a research faculty member for 20 years, serving as Director of the Adolescent Medicine Fellowship Program for nearly a decade. A board-certified adolescent medicine specialist, she has spent more than 25 years providing clinical care to teens, gaining deep insights into their unique strengths.
At the Arnhold Institute, “Our long-term goal is to advance the health and well-being of adolescents globally,” she said. “We want to center our work around young people themselves, which involves engaging youth in projects and making sure their needs and perspectives are front and center.”
Dr. Ott is Professor of Global Health, and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. She is widely respected for her research into the implementation of community-based adolescent pregnancy and HIV prevention programs and the ethics of adolescent care. Her ethics studies have challenged commonly held views on adolescents’ ability to consent for their own care, demonstrating that they can competently consent to contraception in pharmacies and participation in research studies. She has done this work in the United States and globally. A leading voice in the field, she has authored guidelines and policy statements on the ethics of adolescent care and research.
“Our long-term goal is to advance the
health
and well-being of adolescents globally. We want
to center our work around young people themselves, which involves engaging youth in projects and making sure their needs and perspectives are front and center.”
An avid swimmer and knitter, Dr. Ott leads the Arnhold Institute’s global youth program in a strategic and collaborative style. In the short term, her team plans to assess the needs and strengths of our global partners in supporting youth health, with a goal to collaboratively develop new programs, services, and lines of research that support youth. She aims to develop an Arnhold Institute research program centered on youth, with an emphasis on a team science approach that will grow junior faculty and build the capacity of our global partners in adolescent health research.
Dr. Ott is passionate about ensuring that youth health services are both accessible and truly youth friendly. In Kenya, for example, our 2024 Adolescent Health Summit and 2025 training course for clinicians who provide care to adolescents were informed by youth viewpoints and voices. And in Nepal, our AMPATH Nepal partnership is addressing a gap in care in which children transition to adult services at age 15. “We are partnering with our colleagues at Dhulikhel Hospital to introduce holistic health services for adolescents,” Dr. Ott said. A new adolescent clinic is set to open at the hospital in 2025.
Central to Dr. Ott’s approach is her belief in the power of youth. “Adolescents are resilient, able to overcome what seems to be insurmountable obstacles, and have amazing potential,” she said. For those considering a career in adolescent health, Dr. Ott offers this advice: “Go for it! Approach adolescent health from the perspective of curiosity and empathy. Focus on strengths, rather than deficiencies, and engage youth themselves to come up with creative solutions.”
“Adolescents,” she adds, “are great fun to work with.”
In 2024, the AMPATH Nepal Partnership made impressive strides in improving health care access, particularly in cancer care, with an emphasis on cervical and breast cancer screening. Launched just two years ago, the partnership between Mount Sinai, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, and a global network of more than 15 academic health centers, has already made a tangible difference in health care delivery at Dhulikhel Hospital in Nepal and surrounding communities.
A major milestone in 2024 was the launch of a comprehensive community-based cervical and breast cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment program. The program included a successful screening camp in the mountainous Lamjung district, where more than 500 women were screened for these two most prevalent cancers among women in Nepal. Building on this success, we aim to screen 5,000 women in 2025, both at Dhulikhel Hospital and in rural communities.
“Despite cervical cancer being the most common cancer among Nep women with a high mortality rate, preventive services like screening remain scarce,” said Rose House, MD, MS, Director of the AMPATH Nepal Partnership, and an Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. “A national survey revealed that only 8 percent of eligible women are ever screened for cervical cancer.”
Women who received positive screening results received counseling and follow-up care Additionally, over 70 percent of participants were treated for other infections, underscoring the broader health benefits of these screenings. Dr. House noted, “These screenings are not only crucial for detecting cancer but also for improving overall women’s health.”
This screening initiative, called the Kenya-Nepal Oncology Network (KeNON), is a collaboration between the AMPATH Kenya and AMPATH Nepal partnerships, and is supported with funding from the Eli Lilly and Company Foundation. It builds on the AMPATH Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Program, which has provided co-screening and training for health care workers in Kenya.
The impact in Nepal has been profound, particularly in strengthening the knowledge and confidence of health care workers in cancer diagnosis and treatment. In 2024, seven faculty members from Nepal, representing oncology, pathology, radiology, and other specialties, traveled to Kenya to learn from their counterparts. Among them was Elina Shrestha, MD, a radiologist from Dhulikhel Hospital, who expressed, “I am now confident in training my colleagues to use point-of-care ultrasound for breast cancer screening.”
To ensure continued knowledge sharing, over 50 health professionals from Nepal and Kenya now participate in monthly virtual training sessions via Project ECHO, a tele-education platform.
In 2024, another key achievement was the development of a comprehensive training curriculum for Female Community Health Volunteers, empowering them to raise awareness and education about breast and cervical cancer in remote communities. This grassroots approach is essential to expanding access to cancer care services.
In addition to oncology-focused initiatives, AMPATH Nepal has made significant contributions in other areas of health care. In 2024, more than 20 Mount Sinai faculty members across disciplines—including critical care, pediatric emergency medicine, and internal medicine—provided training to health care workers at Dhulikhel Hospital. Key programs included training 60 local trainers to lead simulation-based education, launching monthly virtual critical care education sessions between Mount Sinai and Dhulikhel Hospital, and introducing continuous EEG services in the ICU, supported by Mount Sinai’s Department of Neurology.
Looking ahead to 2025, AMPATH Nepal plans to provide further support for cancer services at Dhulikhel Hospital, where the need is critical. “Prior to 2025, Dhulikhel Hospital did not have dedicated oncology services,” Dr. House said. Mount Sinai will support the hospital’s newly hired oncologist and growing cancer services. AMPATH Nepal also will deepen its focus on other non-communicable diseases and aims to screen 10,000 people for hypertension and diabetes, while continuing to build sustainable health care infrastructure in Nepal.
Launched a cervical and breast cancer screening program that screened over 500 women.
Developed treatment guidelines for urinary tract infections, led by the Antibiotic Stewardship Team.
Supported disaster relief efforts following deadly flooding in Nepal, raising $20,000.
Introduced continuous EEG services in the ICU at Dhulikhel Hospital, supported by Mount Sinai’s Department of Neurology.
In 2024, AMPATH Nepal awarded pilot grants of up to $20,000 each to support five innovative projects focused on the following areas: non-communicable diseases, subspecialty care development, women’s and child health, adolescent health, and research and education program development. To promote collaboration, they are required to have a principal investigator from Nepal and from an AMPATH consortium institution.
Pilot Project Title
Leadership, Education, and Advanced Debriefing in Nepal (LEAD Nepal)
Nepali Principal Investigator
Prithuja Poudyal, MD
Dhulikhel Hospital and Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences
Adaptation of a Paired Spontaneous Awakening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial to a Resource-Limited Intensive Care Unit in Nepal
Improving Antibiotic Stewardship in Dhulikhel Hospital, a Tertiary Care Center in Nepal
Short Term Fellowship/Observership in Pediatric Pulmonology
Sangina Ranjit, MD
Dhulikhel Hospital and Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences
Global Principal Investigator
Jared Kutzin, DNP, MS, MPH, RN, FSSH, FAAN
Mount Sinai
Cappi Lay, MD, and Mirna Mohanraj, MD
Mount Sinai
Postnatal Care and Services Utilization in Nepal: Use of mHealth Intervention in Improving Utilization of Postpartum Care
Prakash Sapkota, MD
Dhulikhel Hospital and Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences
Sameera Thapa, MD
Dhulikhel Hospital and Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences
Subasna Shrestha, MN
Dhulikhel Hospital and Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences
Roberto Posada, MD
Mount Sinai
Alfin Vicencio, MD
Mount Sinai
Anju Ranjit, MD, MPH
University of California at San Francisco and Mount Sinai
In 2024, the New York City Partnership significantly expanded its free doula program to improve maternal health outcomes for the city’s most vulnerable populations. This expansion included the growth of the HOPE Community Doula Program and the launch of Growing HOPE, a specialized initiative supporting individuals who are incarcerated or living in temporary housing. By offering culturally relevant doula support through pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period, these programs provide essential services to communities often facing the highest health needs and complications.
HOPE and Growing HOPE were launched to mitigate the stark maternal and infant health outcome disparities among the populations the programs serve, including Black, unhoused, and immigrant women.
“Research consistently shows that doula support leads to better birth outcomes,” said Sheela Maru, MD, MPH, who leads the New York City Partnership and is an OB-GYN at NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst Assistant Professor of Global Health, and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. “These efforts are vital in addressing the disparities in maternal health.”
The NYC Partnership is a collaboration between the Arnhold Institute for Global Health at Mount Sinai and two municipal hospitals in Que NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst and NYC Health + Hospitals/ Queens. In addition, the HOPE doula program partners with two community-based organizations: Caribbean Women’s Health Association and Ancient Song Doula Services.
The HOPE program ties together the Arnhold Institute’s commitment to increasing access to women’s health care both globally and locally. In 2024, our partnerships expanded an OB-GYN clinic for adolescents in Kenya and brought cervical cancer screenings directly to women in rural Nepal. The HOPE doula program, which serves a diverse international community, was inspired by Dr. Maru’s prior work in Nepal with community-based health workers who provide maternal and child health care.
A major achievement in 2024 was the launch of Growing HOPE, which supports birthing people incarcerated at Rikers Island or living in shelters. It was developed in response to the migrant housing crisis and a new law mandating labor support for incarcerated pregnant individuals, and with input from community members who had given birth while living in a shelter or while incarcerated.
Growing HOPE has six full-time doulas who have personal or professional experience with the shelter and justice systems and have received special training in trauma-informed care. The doulas offer continuity of care from incarceration to post-release, easing the challenges of reentry into community life. In 2024, Growing HOPE doulas supported more than 70 individuals. The program collaborates with the NYC Department of Correction and local shelters in Queens. Growing HOPE was made possible with generous support from The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust.
One mother residing in a shelter shared: “My doula helped me not just with the labor part. She also helped me find food pantries and clothes.” Her partner added, “She made it seem as if she were part of our family.”
In addition, our original HOPE program (Helping Promote Birth Equity through Community-Based Doula Care) expanded significantly in 2024. Since its inception in 2022, HOPE has provided free doula support to more than 160 pregnant people who sought care at NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst and NYC Health + Hospitals/ Queens. HOPE has 50 full-time doulas who are trained community members from the Caribbean Women’s Health Association and Ancient Song Doula Services, and speak nine languages, including Bangla, Haitian Creole, Twi, and Urdu.
HOPE doulas provide non-medical support, including emotional, educational, and physical assistance. They continue to support clients up to 12 months after birth, helping them navigate the challenges of early parenthood. In 2024, the program expanded its doula training to include topics such as contraception counseling, infant oral health, and assistance with MyChart, an online tool for scheduling appointments and accessing medical records.
Reflecting on 2024, we are proud of the positive impacts these programs have had on the lives of birthing people and remain committed to improving maternal health outcomes for underserved communities.
Provided tailored doula support to more than 70 patients who are incarcerated or living in temporary housing.
Launched the Migrant Access to Primary Care and Social Support (MAPS) program to address the health and social needs of new migrants in Queens, with funding from the Altman Foundation.
Awarded five pilot project grants to address critical health challenges faced by communities in Queens.
Partnered with Womanly magazine to create a series of short films about the doula program in five languages.
In 2024, the New York City Partnership awarded pilot grants of up to $25,000 each to support five innovative projects to develop research, care improvement or training initiatives to address critical challenges faced by communities in Queens, NYC.
These grants encourage investigators at Mount Sinai, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, and NYC Health + Hospitals/Queens to collaboratively address key health challenges. The selected projects aim to improve health for immigrant workers, children with obesity, transgender people, adults with hypertension, and children living and working on the streets of New York City.
Pilot Project Title
Improving Inpatient Care for the Transgender Population in Queens, NYC
Principal Investigator
Joan Curcio-Williams, MD
NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst
Mount Sinai
Co-Principal Investigator
Jessica Lichter, MD
NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst
Mount Sinai
Guangdong Liu, MD
NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst
Mount Sinai
Characterizing Children in Street Situations in New York City: A Mixed Methods Study
Impact of a Virtual Healthy Lifestyle Intervention for Children and Adolescents with Obesity
Assessing Barriers to Health Care and Enhancing Health Care Access for a Immigrant Workers
Lonnie Embleton, PhD, MPH
Mount Sinai
Joan Han, MD
Mount Sinai
Thaina Rousseau-Pierre, DO, MS
NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst
Mount Sinai
Digital Inclusion and Risk Communication to Improve Blood Pressure Control in the Emergency Department: Phase 1 Planning
Homero Harari, ScD
Mount Sinai
Adina Valceanu, MD
NYC Health + Hospitals/Queens
Mount Sinai
Laura Sirbu, MD
Mount Sinai
Kimberly Souffront, PhD, RN, FNP-BC, FAAN
Mount Sinai
The Arnhold Institute for Global Health at Mount Sinai has continued its strong growth trajectory in 2024. With total revenue reaching $14.3 million, this represents a significant increase over 2023. Federal grants saw major growth, now accounting for 14 percent of total revenue.
Consulting remains our largest revenue stream, continuing to play a crucial role in our financial model and in improving access to high-quality care. Thanks to the generous support of our donors, we have been able to expand programs and impact millions of lives globally.
$2.9 M
$10.9 M Endowment
Total revenue grew to $14.3 Million in 2024
Our endowment grew by almost 8% Federal grants grew significantly
Our faculty members are making significant contributions in global health. Their research informs global policy and practice, contributing to better care, health, and well-being for underserved people, including those with limited access to health care, youth living with HIV, and those with chronic conditions, cancer, and mental health disorders. Our work helps improve maternal and child health, strengthen health systems, and bring primary care to doorsteps in some of the hardest to reach regions of the world.
Ballard M, Dahn B, O’Donovan J, Jiménez A, Kawooya P, Raghavan M, Ganjian N, Johnson AD, Boxer C, Gray K, Palazuelos D, BerryMoorcroft C, Aranda Z, Iberico MM, Cordier L, Mbewe D, Yegon EK, Ernst J, DiStefano L, Traill T, Finnegan KE, Rakotonirina L, Hofmann R, Sano ED, Johnston JS, Ward V, Westgate C, Shanmugarasa T, Alban R, Mann D, Asmara-Petersen R, Keronyai P, Settle D, Aidam J, Obbuyi A, Oladeji O, Muyingo P, Cho K, Kok M. One term to transform: universal health coverage through professional community health workers. Lancet. 2024 Dec 11:S0140-6736(24)02713-2. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02713-2. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39674183.
Reddam A, Mujtaba MN, Tuholske C, Kaali S, Ae-Ngibise KA, Wylie BJ, Medgyesi DN, Boamah-Kaali E, Baccarelli AA, Agyei O, Chillrud SN, Asante KP, Jack DW, Lee AG, Abubakari SW. Prenatal exposure to heat and humidity and infant birth size in Ghana. Environ Res. 2025 Feb 1;266:120557. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120557. Epub 2024 Dec 7. PMID: 39647686.
Reynolds CW, Lieb W, Schecter A, Gaisa MM, McGill SK, Adofo EL, Beddoe AM. Piloting of a Screen-Triage-Treat Surgical Approach Model for Management of Anal Cancer in Liberia. Ann Glob Health. 2024 Dec 4;90(1):75. doi: 10.5334/aogh.4576. PMID: 39659483; PMCID: PMC11629754.
Farouk SS, Bhalla A, Harhay M, Lakhani L, Sanchez Russo L, Sanoff S, Samra M, Sparks MA, Patel N, Tedla F, Yadav A, Mannon RB. More Exams, More Problems: Do We Really Need a New Accreditation System for Transplant Nephrology? Am J Kidney Dis. 2024 Dec;84(6):663-666. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.05.009. Epub 2024 Jul 19. PMID: 39032680.
Community Health Impact Coalition research study group. The role and recognition of community health workers in research-a global survey. Lancet Glob Health. 2024 Dec;12(12):e1923-e1925. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00374-7. PMID: 39577964.
Lax Y, Pacheco A, Yost E, Mathai M, Silver M, Vasan A, Coria A. Impact of an Inpatient Social Needs Screening Program: Did Our Referral Resolve Your Need? Hosp Pediatr. 2024 Dec 1;14(12):1009-1016. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2024-007895. PMID: 39529508; PMCID: PMC11610006.
Farouk SS, Sparks MA, Tedla F, Mannon RB. In Reply to “ACGME Accreditation for Transplant Nephrology Training: Clarifying Why This Is a Step in the Right Direction”. Am J Kidney Dis. 2024 Nov 22:S0272-6386(24)01079-5. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.11.001. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39580067.
Longoria JN, Howell KE, Porter JS, Treadwell M, King AA, Gordeuk V, Shah N, Abrams CM, McCuskee S, Gollan S, Hankins JS, Heitzer AM; Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium. Depression, sleep and pain affect instrumental activities of daily living through cognitive functioning in adults with sickle cell disease: A report from the Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium. Br J Haematol. 2024 Nov 20. doi: 10.1111/bjh.19881. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39564946.
Niu L, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Diaz A. The Role of School Engagement in the Link Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adolescent Mental Health. J Adolesc Health. 2024 Nov 13:S1054-139X(24)00459-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.09.025. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39545896.
Singh P, Montesino S, Ozaki A, Murakami M, Kaneda Y, Abe T, Zhao T, Yamamoto C, Ito N, Amir I, Yamashita E, Saito H, Sawano T, Gonda K, Ohira H, Yanagisawa R, Katz C, Tsubokura M. Medical Access and Care Continuity: Qualitative Assessments of Patients with Breast Cancer and Family Members’ Experiences Following the 2011 Triple Disaster in Fukushima, Japan. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2024 Nov 11;18:e257. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2024.162. PMID: 39526410.
Patel SY, Baum A, Basu S. Geographic variations and facility determinants of acute care utilization and spending for ACSCs. Am J Manag Care. 2024 Nov 1;30(11):e329-e336. doi: 10.37765/ajmc.2024.89630. PMID: 39546753.
Schmidt N, Rios J, Alpert L, Mageras A, Lieb W, Kushner T. Hepatitis B Triple Panel Testing Implementation in the Obstetric Care Setting: Unique Predictors of Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine Immunity, Exposure, and Positivity. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 Oct 23;11(11):ofae632. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofae632. PMID: 39540121; PMCID: PMC11558448.
Jaguga F, Kiburi SK, Temet E, Aalsma MC, Ott MA, Maina RW, Wachira J, Mostert C, Kosgei G, Tenge A, Atwoli L. A scoping review of substance use brief interventions in Africa. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024 Oct 24; 4(10):e0003340. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003340. PMID: 39446874; PMCID: PMC11501030.
Adu-Amankwah D, Babagoli MA, Aborigo RA, Squires AP, Nonterah E, Jones KR, Alvarez E, Anyorikeya M, Horowitz CR, Weobong B, Heller DJ. Perceptions of healthcare workers on linkage between depression and hypertension in northern Ghana: a qualitative study. Glob Ment Health (Camb). 2024 Oct 10;11:e79. doi: 10.1017/gmh.2024.86. PMID: 39464567; PMCID: PMC11504924.
Imburgia TM, Hensel DJ, Hunt A, James R, Zhang J, Cote ML, Ott MA. Factors associated with early sexual onset and delaying sex in rural middle school youth. J Rural Health. 2024 Oct 7. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12889. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39375893.
McHenry MS, Alex B, Roose A, Raciti C, Oyungu E, Ombitsa AR, Cherop C, Kaniaru B, Cherop C, John CC, Vreeman RC. Acceptability and feasibility of a group-based intervention to improve outcomes for children at risk for developmental delays in Kenya: A piloted randomized trial. J Child Health Care. 2024 Oct 3:13674935241261744. doi: 10.1177/13674935241261744. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39360927.
Oliver K, Shaw J, Suryadevara M, Stephens A. Optimizing Protection Against HPV-Related Cancer: Unveiling the Benefits and Overcoming Challenges of HPV Vaccination. Pediatr Ann. 2024 Oct;53(10):e372-e377. doi: 10.3928/19382359-20240811-02. Epub 2024 Oct 1. PMID: 39377820.
Medgyesi DN, Mujtaba MN, Yang Q, Abubakari SW, Lee AG, Porter J, Chillrud SN, Kaali S, Jack DW, Asante KP. Geospatial determinants of maternal and child exposure to fine particulate matter in Kintampo, Ghana: Levels within the household and community, by surrounding building density and near roadways. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2024 Sep;34(5):802-813. doi: 10.1038/s41370-023-00606-1. Epub 2023 Oct 5. PMID: 37798345; PMCID: PMC10995107.
Niu L, Li Y, Bai R, Pagán JA, Zhang D, Diaz A. Global prevalence of violence against children and adolescents during COVID-19: A metaanalysis. Child Abuse Negl. 2024 Aug;154:106873. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106873. Epub 2024 Jun 8. PMID: 38850751.
Daouda M, Seyram K, Amankwah GO, Seidu I, Kar A, Abubakari S, Malagutti F, Awuni S, Razak A, Apraku E, Peprah P, Lee AG, Mehta S, Jack D, Asante KP. Beyond air pollution: a national assessment of cooking-related burns in Ghana. Inj Prev. 2024 Aug 6:ip-2023-045191. doi: 10.1136/ip-2023-045191. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39107102.
Krawczyk N, Lim S, Cherian T, Goldfeld KS, Katyal M, Rivera BD, McDonald R, Khan M, Wiewel E, Braunstein S, Murphy SM, Jalali A, Jeng PJ, Kutscher E, Khatri UG, Rosner Z, Vail WL, MacDonald R, Lee JD. Transitions of care between jail-based medications for opioid use disorder and ongoing treatment in the community: A retrospective cohort study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2024 Aug 1;261:111377. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111377. Epub 2024 Jun 24. PMID: 38924958; PMCID: PMC11249039.
Heller DJ, Hudspeth JC, Kishore SP, Mercer T, Schwartz JI, Rabin TL. Bringing Generalists to Global Health: a Missed Opportunity and Call to Action. J Gen Intern Med. 2024 Aug;39(10):1901-1904. doi: 10.1007/s11606-023-08573-x. Epub 2023 Dec 22. PMID: 38135777; PMCID: PMC11282038.
Mobeen S, Fogel J, Harishankar K, Jacobs AJ. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Routine Prenatal Care: Use of Online Visits. Matern Child Health J. 2024 Jul;28(7):1219-1227. doi: 10.1007/s10995-024-03904-8. Epub 2024 Jan 25. PMID: 38270717.
Howell FM, McCarthy KJ, Boychuk N, Burdick M, Nowlin S, Maru S, Oshewa O, Monterroso M, Rodriguez A, Katzenstein C, Longley R, Cabrera C, Howell EA, Levine L, Janevic T, Gundersen DA. Racism in obstetric care: a psychometric study of the Gendered Racial Microaggressions Scale among Global Majority birthing people in obstetric contexts. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024 Jun 28;24(1):448. doi: 10.1186/s12884-024-06642-5. PMID: 38943057.
Chory A, Bond K. Access to PrEP and other sexual health services for cisgender women in the United States: a review of state policy and Medicaid expansion. Front Public Health. 2024 Jun 25;12:1360349. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1360349. PMID: 38983260; PMCID: PMC11231431.
Gigase FAJ, Suleri A, Isaevska E, Rommel AS, Boekhorst MGBM, Dmitrichenko O, El Marroun H, Steegers EAP, Hillegers MHJ, Muetzel RL, Lieb W, Cecil CAM, Pop V, Breen M, Bergink V, de Witte LD. Inflammatory markers in pregnancy - surprisingly stable. Mapping trajectories and drivers in four large cohorts. bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2024 Jun 21:2024.06.19.599718. doi: 10.1101/2024.06.19.599718. PMID: 38948713; PMCID: PMC11213028.
Molyneux K, Singer E. Asylum seekers and the role of the acute care physician. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open. 2024 Jun 16;5(3):e13196. doi: 10.1002/emp2.13196. PMID: 38887226; PMCID: PMC11180694.
Dubois B, Mills AN, Jessel RH, Lieb W, Glazer KB. Disparities in perinatal COVID-19 infection and vaccination. Semin Perinatol. 2024 Jun;48(4):151923. doi: 10.1016/j.semperi.2024.151923. Epub 2024 Jun 8. PMID: 38960750.
Embleton L, Boal A, Sawakar S, Chory A, Bandanapudi RM, Patel T, Levinson C, Vreeman R, Wu WJ, Diaz A, Ott MA. Characterizing models of adolescent and youth-friendly health services in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2024 Jun 7;36(3):203236. doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2024-0001. PMID: 38838271.
Cochrane E, Wetzler S, Tavella N, Lieb W, Strong N. Implementation of an Enhanced Prenatal Checklist to Increase Rates of Counseling of Prenatal Fetal Aneuploidy Testing. Cureus. 2024 Jun 4;16(6):e61654. doi: 10.7759/cureus.61654. PMID: 38841293; PMCID: PMC11151179.
Lenzen C, Coria AL, Hofto ME, Pitt MB, Cheng FY, Mediratta RP. Global Health Education in Pediatric Hospital Medicine Fellowships in the United States. Hosp Pediatr. 2024 Jun 1;14(6):499-506. doi: 10.1542/hpeds.2023-007575. PMID: 38779785.
Gigase FAJ, Jessel RH, Kaplowitz E, Boychuk N, Ohrn S, Ibroci E 1st, Castro J, Lynch J, Tubassum R, Balbierz A, Molenaar NM, Graziani M, Missall R, Flores T, Stern T, Carreno JM; Krammer Serology Core Study Group; Krammer F, Adler A, Brody RI, Lesseur C, Chen J, Ellington S, Galang RR, Snead MC, Howell E, Stone J, Bergink V, Dolan S, Lieb W, Rommel AS, de Witte LD, Janevic T. SARS-CoV-2 infection, inflammation and birth outcomes in a prospective NYC pregnancy cohort. J Reprod Immunol. 2024 Jun;163:104243. doi: 10.1016/j. jri.2024.104243. Epub 2024 Mar 18. PMID: 38522364; PMCID: PMC11144074.
Iyer KR. Indications for Intestinal Transplantation. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2024 Jun;53(2):233-244. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2024.02.001. Epub 2024 Apr 3. PMID: 38719375.
Ahmed MM, Neil KL, Gasana AG, Leichtman A, Brown L, Tedla F, Satarino C, Sendegeya A, Rusanganwa V, Punch J, Ntihabose C. Establishing a Kidney Transplantation Program in a Resource-limited Country: The Experience of Rwanda. Transplantation. 2024 May 1;108(5):1033-1035. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000004923. Epub 2024 Apr 24. PMID: 38659113.
Mallikarjuna P, DeFelice N, Ward MJ, Suarez JA, Ramirez JD, Paniz-Mondolfi A. Berenice’s Legacy, Ending Silence, and Serving Justice: A Call for Comprehensive Chagas Testing in the US Pediatric Population. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2024 Apr 24;13(4):263. doi: 10.1093/ jpids/piae019. PMID: 38437642.
Holeman I, Citrin D, Albirair M, Puttkammer N, Ballard M, DeRenzi B, O’Donovan J, Wasunna B. Building consensus on common features and interoperability use cases for community health information systems: a Delphi study. BMJ Glob Health. 2024 Apr 24;9(4):e014001. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014001. PMID: 38663904; PMCID: PMC11043741.
Patil UP, Gupta A, Heringman K, Hickman C, Paudel U, Wachtel EV. Post-discharge Care Practices, Challenges, and Outcomes in Newborn Infants of Mothers With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Insights From Public Hospitals. Cureus. 2024 Apr 22;16(4):e58734. doi: 10.7759/cureus.58734. PMID: 38779231; PMCID: PMC11110691.
Lai PS, Lam NL, Gallery B, Lee AG, Adair-Rohani H, Alexander D, Balakrishnan K, Bisaga I, Chafe ZA, Clasen T, Díaz-Artiga A, Grieshop A, Harrison K, Hartinger SM, Jack D, Kaali S, Lydston M, Mortimer KM, Nicolaou L, Obonyo E, Okello G, Olopade C, Pillarisetti A, Pinto AN, Rosenthal JP, Schluger N, Shi X, Thompson C, Thompson LM, Volckens J, Williams KN, Balmes J, Checkley W, Ozoh OB. Household Air Pollution Interventions to Improve Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024 Apr 15;209(8):909-927. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202402-0398ST. PMID: 38619436.
Job N, Johnston JS, Westgate C, Skinner NA, Ward V, Ballard M; CHW Advisory Group. Community health worker perspectives on advocacy: design-based research to develop a digital advocacy training course. Front Public Health. 2024 Apr 10;12:1334279. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1334279. PMID: 38660355; PMCID: PMC11039831.
Agyapong PD, Jack D, Kaali S, Colicino E, Mujtaba MN, Chillrud SN, Osei M, Gennings C, Agyei O, Kinney PL, Kwarteng A, Perzanowski M, Dwommoh Prah RK, Tawiah T, Asante KP, Lee AG. Household Air Pollution and Child Lung Function: The Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024 Mar 15;209(6):716-726. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202303-0623OC. PMID: 38016085.
Gigase FAJ, Graziani M, Castro J, Lesseur C, Rommel AS, Flores T, Perez-Rodriguez MM, Dolan S, Stone J, Janevic T, Lieb W, Bergink V, de Witte LD. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination on Th17 and regulatory T cells in a pregnancy cohort in NYC. Front Immunol. 2024 Mar 5;15:1350288. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350288. PMID: 38504979; PMCID: PMC10948419.
Daouda M, Kaali S, Spring E, Mujtaba MN, Jack D, Dwommoh Prah RK, Colicino E, Tawiah T, Gennings C, Osei M, Janevic T, Chillrud SN, Agyei O, Gould CF, Lee AG, Asante KP. Prenatal Household Air Pollution Exposure and Childhood Blood Pressure in Rural Ghana. Environ Health Perspect. 2024 Mar;132(3):37006. doi: 10.1289/EHP13225. Epub 2024 Mar 20. PMID: 38506828; PMCID: PMC10953816.
McCoy BM, McAteer CI, Ashimosi C, Aluoch J, Lewis CT, Nyandiko W, Vreeman RC. Using Narrative Films to Combat HIV-Related Stigma in Western Kenya: An Exploratory Pilot Study of Adolescents Living With HIV and Their Caregivers. Glob Pediatr Health. 2024 Feb 26;11:2333794X241234566. doi: 10.1177/2333794X241234566. PMID: 38414716; PMCID: PMC10898294.
Rijal S, House DR, Joshi N, Thapa B, Shrestha K, Sharma MR. Traumatic Injury among Patients Presenting to the Department of Emergency Medicine of a Tertiary Care Centre. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2024 Feb 24;62(270):72-75. doi: 10.31729/jnma.8423. PMID: 38409991.
Heller DJ, Madden D, Berhane T, Bickell NA, Van Hyfte G, Miller S, Ozbek U, Lin JY, M Schwartz R, Lopez RA, Arniella G, Mayer V, Horowitz CR, Benn EK, Vangeepuram N. Emotional and Financial Stressors in New York City During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Consecutive Cross-Sectional Analysis. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Feb 21. doi: 10.1007/s40615-024-01921-5. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38381324.
Olasehinde O, Lynch KA, Goldman DA, Agodirin O, Okereke C, Wuraola FO, Owoade IA, Akinmaye PR, Ajibade O, Barber K, Ogunwale J, Alatise O, Kingham TP, Pusic A, Romanoff A. Translation and psychometric assessment of the mastectomy module of the BREAST-Q questionnaire for use in Nigeria. J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2024 Feb 9;8(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s41687-024-00692-1. PMID: 38334903; PMCID: PMC10857998.
Segel JE, Shearer RD, Jones AA, Khatri UG, Howell BA, Crowley DM, Sterner G, Vest N, Teixeira da Silva D, Winkelman TNA. Understanding Regional Patterns of Overdose Deaths Related to Opioids and Psychostimulants. Subst Use Misuse. 2024;59(4):558-566. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2287220. Epub 2024 Feb 8. PMID: 38037904.
Umphrey L, Beck A, Zhou S, Kagoya EK, Paasi G, Coria A, Evert J, Haque M, Rule A, Lamb MM. Access, interest and equity considerations for virtual global health activities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Glob Health Res Policy. 2024 Feb 6;9(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s41256-023-00333-y. PMID: 38317192; PMCID: PMC10845763.
Basu S, Patel SY, Robinson K, Baum A. Financing Thresholds for Sustainability of Community Health Worker Programs for Patients Receiving Medicaid Across the United States. J Community Health. 2024 Feb 4. doi: 10.1007/s10900-023-01290-w. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38311699.
Embleton L, Diaz A. Interpersonal Violence Among Adolescents: Have Young Men Been Left Behind? J Adolesc Health. 2024 Feb;74(2):216-217. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.09.020. PMID: 38237974.
Khaim R, Todd R, Rosowicz A, Shapiro R, Florman S, Kim-Schluger L, Tedla F. Impact of race-neutral eGFR calculations on African American kidney transplant candidate wait time: A single center retrospective analysis. Clin Transplant. 2024 Feb;38(2):e15267. doi: 10.1111/ctr.15267. PMID: 38380716.
Nathani RR, Rutledge SM, Villarroel CS, Shapiro R, Florman SS, Tedla FM, Schiano TD, Im GY. Outcomes after kidney transplant alone in patients with cirrhosis-A case-control study. Clin Transplant. 2024 Feb;38(2):e15259. doi: 10.1111/ctr.15259. PMID: 38375952.
Gherasim A, Lee AG, Bernstein JA. Impact of Climate Change on Indoor Air Quality. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2024 Feb;44(1):5573. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.09.001. Epub 2023 Oct 12. PMID: 37973260.
Patel SY, Baum A, Basu S. Prediction of non emergent acute care utilization and cost among patients receiving Medicaid. Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 23;14(1):824. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-51114-z. PMID: 38263373; PMCID: PMC10805799.
Shearer RD, Segel JE, Howell BA, Jones AA, Khatri UG, Teixeira da Silva D, Vest N, Winkelman TNA. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Heroin, Methamphetamine, and Cocaine Use, Treatment, and Mortality Trends in 3 National Data Sources-United States, 2010-2019. Med Care. 2024 Jan 5. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001969. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38180005.
Limaye NP, Matias WR, Rozansky H, Neville BA, Vise A, McEvoy DS, Dutta S, Gershanik E. Limited English Proficiency and Sepsis Mortality by Race and Ethnicity. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Jan 2;7(1):e2350373. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.50373. PMID: 38175644; PMCID: PMC10767592.
von Ahrens D, Santeusanio AD, Weinberg AD, Moon J, Iyer KR. Risk factors for renal dysfunction after isolated intestinal transplantation. Clin Transplant. 2024 Jan;38(1):e15228. doi: 10.1111/ctr.15228. PMID: 38289880.
Gillette E, Nyandiko W, Baum A, Chory A, Aluoch J, Ashimosi C, Lidweye J, Njorge T, Sang F, Nyagaya J, Scanlon M, Vreeman R. Comparison of Self and Caregiver Reports of Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence among Children and Adolescents Living with HIV in Western Kenya. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2024 Jan-Dec;23:23259582241242335. doi: 10.1177/23259582241242335. PMID: 38562058; PMCID: PMC10989044.
Babagoli MA, Adu-Amankwah D, Nonterah EA, Aborigo RA, Kuwolamo I, Jones KR, Alvarez EE, Horowitz CR, Weobong B, Heller DJ. Sociodemographic and Behavioral Factors Associated With Hypertension and Depression in 4 Rural Communities in Northern Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Prim Care Community Health. 2024 Jan-Dec;15:21501319241242965. doi: 10.1177/21501319241242965. PMID: 38577795; PMCID: PMC10998485.
To
https://bit.ly/aighdonate
