MEXICO’S FAILED POLICY IN THE DRUG WAR: MEXICO’S NARCO TERRORIST WAR

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MEXICO’S FAILED POLICY IN THE DRUG WAR: MEXICO’S NARCO TERRORIST WAR

OPEN SOURCE INTELLIGENCE (OSINT)

10 N Martingale Rd Schaumburg, IL 60173 312-650-9363 Chicago www.contingentsecurity.com Joel Vargas CONTINGENT SECURITY SERVICES, LTD. Intelligence Division April 8, 2012

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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

3

PURPOSE STATEMENT

5

HYPOTHESIS

6

SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH

6

LITERATURE REVIEW

7

A. THE DEMAND FOR DRUGS IN THE U.S.

7

B. THE DRUG VIOLENCE IN MEXICO

7

C. DRUG CARTELS POSE A THREAT TO LAW ENFORCEMENT IN THE U.S.

8

D. DRUG CARTELS AND GANGS IN THE U.S. 8 E. U.S. INITIATIVE TO FIGHT CRIME IN CENTRAL AMERICA

8

F. DRUG CARTELS AND THEIR TERRORIST TIES

9

G. APPLICATION OF WRONG POLICY BY THE U.S. AND MEXICO

10

H. DRUG CARTELS POSE A THREAT TO THE FIRST AMENDMENT OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION

10

I. SECURITY RISKS FOR THE BUSINESSES IN MEXICO

10

J. AN ACT OF CONGRESS TO LABEL MEXICAN DRUG CARTELS TERRORISTS

11

K. CONCLUSION

12

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

12

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

13

DISCUSSION

13

CONCLUSION

14

REFERENCES

16

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I. Introduction On December 2006, Felipe Calderon Hinojosa (PAN) was sworn in as the president of Mexico for the following 6 years, after a close election victory against Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (PRD) with a margin of less than 1%. A promise to fight corruption and organized crime was made to the Mexican voters during Calderon’s bid for the presidency. Calderon’s statements were echoed during his political debates, political rallies and the media played along that corruption and organized crime would face their biggest challenge, if he was elected president. And when candidate Calderon was elected president, President Calderon declared war against the drug cartels and promise to get rid of the corruption that plagued the government for decades. No president before Calderon had made such a declaration of war. A Declaration of war to the drug cartel organizations (DTO’s), with powerful transnational and transcontinental networks, ample resources of money in the billions of dollars, weapons, and a ready army of criminals estimated in the 10’s of thousands, seemed like an impossibility not only to Mexican legislators but to experts in the field all over the world.

Critics argued President Calderon and his new government were not ready to go to war against the Mexican drug cartels. However, President Calderon went ahead with his plan and declared war against all Mexican drug cartels. In addition to fight the drug cartels, this declaration of war was also to get rid of local, state and federal police forces, members in the military and some members of the courts, all in the payroll of the drug cartels. While Mexicans were celebrating the New Year in 2007, the Mexican government was going to war against all the drug cartels, and the cartels against each other to gain territory “plazas” and control the trafficking routes. The criminal organizations (DTO’s) were going to war against any law enforcement agency civil or military that got in the way. Mexico would soon find out that the

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war would have a high price in human lives and money. Businesses began to experience extortions by the drug cartels, kidnappings and assassinations because the drug cartels needed to get cash to continue the war. Security in Mexico became a necessity for businesses, political figures, reporters and people with money, as they all become targets for the drug cartels.

It is questionable if delaying the drug war would have made a difference. As the drug war in Mexico was beginning in early 2007, the financial crisis in the U.S. and the rest of the world began to show its effects and the global recession was eminent. Policy makers in the U.S. began to make plans to fund programs with the State Department to train new police, modernize their police forces, and train the Mexican military to do the work of the police in the war against drug cartels. The Merida Initiative was approved in 2008 with billions of dollars to fight organized crime in Mexico and other Latin American countries. The score card in 2008 in the U.S. was a global recession and financial crisis, a drug war next door, two wars and the possibility of a terrorist attack inside U.S. Drug cartels operating in the U.S. have changed their business models to recruit gang members and non-criminals. Partnerships are stronger than ever as loyalty and profit are played with these gangs and other criminal organizations. Money anti-laundering policy is not very strong. Guatemala actually has stronger anti-money laundering laws than the U.S. such as the law Extincion de Dominio which confiscates questionable assets and money from suspected criminals until these criminals proof how they got the money. Guatemala has now seized 12 billion dollars in assets and cash in one year and growing.

Additionally, the actions between the drug cartels, in mass killings of rivals, beheadings published in YouTube, the cruel torture techniques used against suspected rivals and the use of explosives are all part of a terror that lately has become the main topic in the news. Many North

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Americans with financial interests in Mexico refuse to go to Mexico for fear of being kidnapped or killed. On April 4, 2012, an announcement from Coparmex that 160, 000 business had left Mexico in 2011 because of the security problems including the drug war (Coparmex). The businesses are formal businesses registered and operating in Mexico. No condemnation is heard from the U.S. government when innocent people are killed in Mexico or solutions when businesses leave the country. The U.S. public can only hear that things are bad in Mexico when one law enforcement agents I killed there or when a deputy is nearly killed in a shooting.

A. Purpose Statement There should be no doubt the policy of Mexico dealing with drug war has failed. The drug cartels are behaving as terrorist organizations operating with impunity in Mexico and Latin America, and because of pressures from the United States these drug cartels are not classified as terrorists. This research will focus on the Mexican drug cartels and Mexican government’s failed policy to deal with the drug war. Mexican drug cartels have been in operation without much interruption from the Mexican and U.S. government for decades. Their networks are more extensive than any intelligence network in the world. They rely on all forms of intelligence and have the money to pay for it. The unknown fact in the United States is that in Mexico possession of any drugs including heroin is not a crime as long as it is for personal use. In fact, what the Guatemalan President Otto Perez Molina is talking about legalizing drugs completely removes the prohibition from drugs. Mexico has been fighting a war that is losing. When the question about legalization of drugs comes up, the U.S. has the power to and ability to exercise pressure against these countries. Therefore, policy makers in Mexico must begin to take charge and make legislation that will benefit Mexico and not the United States. Mexico is fighting a war against narco terrorists.

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B. Hypothesis The research project will proof that Mexico’s policy to deal with the drug war has failed.

As a note, Mexico’s policy on the drug war has always been tailored by the U.S. While the Mexican government continues to succumb to the desires of the U.S., people die in Mexico.

Mexico’s policy on the drug war is a failure. The drug cartels are winning the drug war.

C. Significance of the research Today, there is little coverage in the U.S. media regarding the war on drugs in Mexico and in Latin American countries. Since 2006, Mexico has been at war against all Mexican Drug Cartels. The Mexican drug cartels are at war against each other for control of Mexican drug routes and markets and against the Mexican government. The Mexican drug cartels have shown a significant defiance toward the government of Mexico and in many occasions the government of the U.S. The Mexican drug cartels are a significant challenge not only to Mexico but to the U.S. as well as the war against drugs belongs to both countries.

Since 2006, the drug cartels began an active campaign of terror against each other, the Mexican authorities and the civilians who live and do business in Mexico, and anyone who tries to interfere with their operations. Their acts are a topic of all Mexican newspapers, magazines and television newscasts. Their acts consistent as acts of terrorism continue to be ignored by U.S. lawmakers because as long as the war is in Mexico, the containment policy is working, but at what price for Mexico? A war in Mexico against powerful criminal organizations performing acts of terrorism is no different than any other war against terrorist organizations. Mexican officials lately are calling these Mexican drug cartels terrorists but the U.S. insists that they are just criminal gangs. This research explores the current state of these criminal organizations and Mexico’s failure to enact policy that would ensure security to the nation.

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II. Literature Review A. The Demand for drugs in the United States.

In is necessary to first of all address the issue of demand for drugs in the U.S. In a Foreign Affairs article titled “Surgical Strikes in the Drug Wars� published in 2011, Kleiman goes into detail about policy making in the U.S. and Mexico when it comes to drugs and highlights the undisputed fact that the U.S. suffers from a widespread abuse of cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines, and cannabis (Kleiman, 2011). As long as the demand from drugs in the U.S. continues to exist, there will be a significant cash business for the drug cartels. Perhaps the U.S. government can put some billboards showing people killed on the ground next to cars full of bullet holes in order to bring awareness that drugs fuel violence. The tobacco companies have to do things to deter the use of their product, perhaps thinking outside the box is necessary to deter buyers of illicit drugs.

B. Drug violence in Mexico.

A lot has been written about the declaration of war by the President of Mexico Calderon in 2006 that has led to a level of violence never seen before in North America with the number of deaths over 40,000 (The Dallas Morning News, August 31,2011). While the New York Times reports the number to be about 50,000; the number is not certain since thousands remain as missing persons (Cave). Another occurring situation in Mexico is the use of explosives by the drug cartels is now common practice. Also the drug cartels are attacking using military grade artillery used in war-zones. In fact, drug cartels are committing acts similar to the ones committed by terrorist organizations such as al-Qaeda, Hezbollah or the Taliban.

C. Drug cartels pose a threat to law enforcement in the U.S.

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In the article by Michelle Mittelstadt, from The Houston Chronicle, titled “Border Patrol, lawmen outgunned by cartels; Homeland Security panel also says traffickers are forming ties with U.S.-based gangs” (October 17, 2006), Mittelsdath states that a congressional report the local police and federal border patrol agents, guarding the border, are outgunned by the drug cartels (Mittelstadt, 2006). The same article states the drug cartels are using sophisticated equipment to keep track of movements from law enforcement in the U.S. and the same report confirms the drug cartels are now able to break any encryption code used by police and border patrol agents (Mittelstadt, 2006). These gangs are known to kill police officers if given the opportunity.

D. Drug cartels and gangs in the U.S. In the Article from The Christian Science Monitor, 2011, titled “Gangs arrest a blow to Mexican Cartels’ reach north of the border; Project Southern Tempest netted 678 gang members connected to international drug syndicates. It’s a sign the U.S. is trying to help in the war against Mexican cartels” Patrick Jonsson analyses the efforts of U.S. officials in the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in their fight against the Mexican drug cartels and discuses the five year program that has resulted in more than 20000 arrests (Jonsson, 2011). However, this project is not a complete solution because it only addresses the removal of criminal undocumented aliens.

E. U.S. Initiative to fight crime in Central America.

In an article from UPI Emerging Threats, titled “Obama urges action on drug trail, crime” (2011)., while in El Salvador, President Obama called for more concerted pan-American efforts to fight the economy and the drug trail from South to North and its nexus in organized crime (UPI Emerging Threats, 2011). In talks with Salvadoran President Mauricio Funes, Obama

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cited the growing threat in Central America of the drug cartels and gangs, as the result of the fight against drugs in Colombia and Mexico (UPI Emerging Threats, 2011). During this summit, the U.S. pledged $200 million dollars in cash for an initiative called Central American Regional Security Initiative aimed to reinforce governments’ capacity to secure their borders (UPI Emerging Threats, 2011). Central America is the weakest link in the drug war these countries also are home to some of the deadliest gangs (Maras). When the Central American gangs began to surface in the U.S., the law enforcement community began to launch a serious attack to minimize their networks. In many ways, the law enforcement succeeded by using immigration laws and acting fast. Drug cartels like to partner up with violent gangs in Central American gangs because these gangs have territories and significant networks in place. It is likely that the drug cartels will also use the same gangs in the U.S. to perform some of their “enforcement activities” as has been the case in El Paso, Texas and several parts of the country.

F. Drug cartels and their terrorist ties.

When the U.S. government finds a criminal group tied to a terrorist organization or a state that endorses and supports terrorism, policy is immediately implemented to isolate and eliminate the threat. In the article by UPI Emerging Threats, titled “U.S., Iran on new collision course” (2011), the plot to assassinate Saudi Arabia’s Ambassador to the United States is a reminder that terrorism is not just from groups such as al-Qaida but also states that approve terrorists (U.S., Iran on new collision course, 2011). Iran has denied connection with the plot but the U.S. has affirmed that there are links to their government. No theory has come out yet as to why Iran would want to kill the ambassador (U.S., Iran on a new collision course, 2011). This again confirms a connection.

G. Application of the wrong policy by the U.S. and Mexico.

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The U.S. launched an operation that went very wrong. In an article from the International Business Times, published on July 26, 2011, titled “'Reckless and Arrogant' Government Program Supplied Guns to Mexican Drug Cartels: Report,” the government program to track guns purchased by drug cartels resulted in over 100 guns turning up at crime scenes, including that of a murdered U.S. Border Patrol agent, according to a highly critical report released by lawmakers on Tuesday (International Business Times, 2011). The operation was known as “Operation Fast and Furious.,” a program in which agents deliberately do not halt illegal gun purchases, instead seeking to trace them to their source. This policy application shows a complete disregard to the value of life in Mexico by the U.S. authorities.

H. Drug cartels pose a threat to the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

In an article titled “The Cartel Next Door” Connolly discusses how to write about Mexican drug cartels. Memphis has been a hub for Mexican drug cartels since the 1930’s. The author researched and found a person arrested with ties to the Beltran Leyba Cartel. Connolly traveled to Mexico and teamed up with a local reporter to learn more about the drug cartels and the dangers to reporters (Connolly 2011). Connelly assures other reporters that these drug cartel organizations have networks all over the U.S. and an order to kill a reporter is not a difficult one for these criminal organizations (Connolly 2011). Reporters in Latin America and in the U.S. understand that they can not take things out of proportion when they write the news. This clearly is an attack to the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. It appears drug cartels are not interested in respecting the freedom of speech and of the press in the U.S. or Mexico.

I. Security risks for the businesses in Mexico.

In the report titled “Putting Risks and Threats in Proper Perspective” the author discusses how to put security risks and threats in proper perspective, when it comes to Mexico (Putting

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Risks 2011). Many times the news and media make statements that are false and only create fears on the people of both sides of the border. The author argues that the a fact that plays day and night in Mexico is that for the most part the cartels are killing each other (Putting Risks 2011). However, the author fails to claim in his article the extortion and kidnapping cases in Mexico. Small businesses in Mexico are paying protection fees or called “piso” which means right to be there. The numbers from personal contacts are a percentage of gross revenues that can be as high as 20% percent, according to Contingent Security Services, Ltd (Contingent Security).

The narco terrorist attack of August 25, 2011 in Monterrey, Mexico, against Casino Royale, where two dozen armed men went in and set the casino on fire killing 52 people all innocent bystanders would go into history as one of the worst terrorist acts by member of Los Zetas Drug Cartel (Dudley). It was later revealed the owner of the casino was a victim of extortion by government officials and the drug cartel. It is a cost of doing business in Mexico and the day payment is not handled, the business goes up on flames.

J. An act of congress to label Mexican drug cartels terrorists.

The current climate in the U.S. is to designate the drug cartels in Mexico as terrorist organizations due to the violence against civilians, the control they are trying to exercise over territory, and the narco terrorist acts. However, legislators in Mexico or the U.S. are taking a long time to take action. In an article by the New York Times page 21A, published on April 22, 2011, titled “Bill Seeks To Designate Drug Cartels As Terrorists” Aguilar states that a Texas congressman is seeking to designate seven of the top Mexican cartels as foreign terrorist organizations, a move he says would give law enforcement in the United States enhanced tools to combat the cartels (Aguilar, 2011). This movement appears to be gaining momentum as the Mexican president Calderon and Hillary Clinton appear to agree drug cartels are terrorists.

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However, playing with what people in the U.S. have of perception of terrorists, it is likely that the cartels will never be classified as such.

K. Conclusion The failure to curb the use of drugs in the U.S. population has failed. Talks about legalizing marihuana as a federal policy are conversations in the media. While all that takes place, the federal government is not suppressing drug cartels in the U.S. The violence in Mexico is coming north in the U.S. Local law enforcement is not getting enough training on how to detect drug cartel operations. Gangs are gaining significant ground in the drug trade. Drug cartels continue to improve their business models making these gang leaders partners and not just distributors. As partners, gangs engage in some of the enforcing activates, which include kidnappings, killings and several other criminal activities. With over 50,000 people killed in the Mexican drug war and 10’s of thousands missing, a drug war that is fought just south of the border requires a firm commitment from the U.S. Mexico must make policy to fight the drug cartels or begin to enact laws to remove the prohibition, which continues to build these criminal organizations. While this literature review leaves many different aspects of the drug war, it is important to highlight that there are other factors that are important and require further examination such as the problem of money laundering and policy to send to jail bankers and business people laundering billions of dollars for the Mexican drug cartels.

III. Theoretical Framework.

While it is possible to examine the drug war in Mexico in the context of a global threat to national security, this research focused on the Mexican drug cartels narco terrorist activities and Mexico’s failed policy. The drug war in Mexico has many different variables and this research will narrate and illustrate the acts and the terrorist-like actions in Mexico by the Mexican drug

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cartels. Reports indicate the drug war may be moving north into the U.S. territory. Newscasts in states like Texas, Arizona and New Mexico are spending considerable time covering drug cartel activates in these states. Additionally, the drug war in Mexico can be analyzed as one war and not small wars between cartels and the government. Therefore, this research will view the Mexican drug cartels as one group i.e. all Mexican drug cartels. Finally, this research will answer this question, has Mexico’s policy against the drug war a failure? This research will confirm Mexico’s policy against the drug war is a failure.

IV. Research Design and Methods.

The methodology that will be applied by the study chosen in order to collect information sources will be to deduce conclusions about the drug cartels operating in Mexico. The facts of what makes these drug cartels dangerous, as terrorist organization and Mexico’s failed policy to deal with the drug war. The method what will be used is a qualitative. The research will cover the following variables: the variable of the actions from the cartels against each other, actions from the cartels against the government, the corruption elements identified, the relationships between cartel organizations and gangs in the U.S., the tactics of the cartels to gather intelligence in the U.S., and the current escalation of intimidation tactics against U.S. law enforcement. The research will have multiple sources of data and from different journals in a qualitative method. In the process each variable will be analyzed and deductive reasoning will be applied to come to the same conclusion that the drug cartels are terrorist organizations and Mexico’s policy has failed.

V. Discussion There is strong evidence U.S. policy makers prefer wars take place somewhere else and not inside the U.S. While the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is doing its best to get rid of the gang members who have ties with Mexican organized crime, they can only do so much.

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Therefore, policymakers’ failure to treat the drug war in Mexico as a serous problem must be addressed before it is too late and the war moves north. Strengthening the relationships with Latin America in the fight against drugs is fundamental, as the Central American governments appear to be the weakest link in this drug war. On the issue of demand for illicit drugs in the U.S. is not going down and must be also addressed appropriately.

Demand control programs can be implemented, such as drug testing in order to obtain public aid, drug testing for employees (private and public), judicial reform, and a more effective form of treatment. While decriminalization of drugs are reason for discussion in political debates, it is unlikely the U.S. would ever make that a federal policy, so Americans are left with poor policy decisions both from the U.S. and Mexico. Even the U.S. Constitution is suffering an attack, when the news reporters are forced to curb how the news in the U.S. is published because of fears of retaliation by the drug cartels. The real facts in the news are necessary to make Americans stop or reduce their demand for the illicit drugs. The Use of Face Book and other forms of social networking are under attack by Los Zetas as Mexican bloggers who have criticized Los Zetas drug cartel are being killed and hung from breaches with notes on them telling bloggers to stop criticizing their activities.

VI. Conclusion

Mexican drug cartels are committing acts of narco terrorism in Mexico. It is not fiction that the drug cartels are becoming entangled with terrorist states. Venezuela has shown significant ties to Iran and Hezbollah and training camps of Los Zetas have also shown insignia of the relationship. The U.S. downplays the assassination plot to kill the ambassador of Saudi Arabia to the U.S. and taking off the focus from the drug cartel contacted to handle the execution

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for 1.5 million dollars. It appears U.S. policymakers would rather not discuss terrorist ties with the Mexican drug cartels. It almost seems that it would not be smart to upset the “Los Zetas” by linking them to a terrorist plot. The U.S. policy is failing to address the National Security threat of the drug war in Mexico. The U.S. approach of containment, that is of just keep in down in Mexico kind of policy, affects Mexicans. With over 40,000 people killed and 10’s of thousands missing in Mexico, the drug war is fought just south of the border. U.S. lawmakers to must take the step to work out policy that makes Mexico safer and Mexico must legislate what is best for Mexico. While this research proposal leaves many different aspects of the drug war out, it is important to highlight that there are other factors that are important and require further examination such as money laundering legislation, regional, national and international collaborations, and many more, one thing is clear, Mexico’s policy on the drug war is a failure.

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References AGUILAR, J. (2011, April 22). Bill Seeks To Designate Drug Cartels As Terrorists. New York Times. p. 21A. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.. (Accessed on April 4, 2012).

CONNOLLY, D. (2011). THE CARTEL NEXT DOOR. IRE Journal, 34(2), 16-19. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. (Accessed on April 4, 2012).

International Business Times. 2011. “'Reckless and Arrogant' Government Program Supplied Guns to Mexican Drug Cartels: Report.” International Business Times, Tue, 26 Jul 2011 Item: 187005/20110726. Ebscohost. (Accessed April 4, 2012).

Jonsson, Patrick. “Gangs arrest a blow to Mexican Cartels’ reach north of the border; Project Southern Tempest netted 678 gang members connected to international drug syndicates.

It’s a sign the U.S. is trying to help in the war against Mexican cartels.” The Christian Science Monitor (2011). www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy2.apU.S..edu/inacui2api.

(Accessed April 8, 2012).

Kleiman, M. (2011). Surgical Strikes in the Drug Wars. Foreign Affairs, 90(5), 89-101.

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Cave, Damien. Mexico Updates Death Toll in Drug War to 47,515, but Critics Dispute the Data.

New York Times. January 11, 2012. www.nytimes.com/2012/01/12/world/ Americas/mexico-updates-death-toll-in-drug-war. Accessed April 8, 2012.

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Contingent Security Services, Ltd. Special Contingency Risks. Extortion in Mexico can cost a small business 20% of gross profits. Power Point Presentation. Accessed April 8, 2012.

Dudley, Steven. Arson Attack on Monterrey Casino Part of Battle over Gambling Industry. In Sight. Organized Crime in the Americas. Friday, August 26, 2011. www.insightcrime.org. Accessed on April 8, 2012.