Scuola Lingue Estere dell’Esercito The Italian Army Language School
STRAIGHT AHEAD
Corso di autoapprendimento di inglese Units 1-2-3 Marina De Leo Bonnie Kerridge John Oslansky Marie-Colette Wilson
UNITA’ 4
Istruzioni Nella quarta unità viene introdotto il presente progressivo seguito da un confronto del medesimo con il presente semplice. Si consiglia di prestare la massima attenzione poiché l’uso delle due forme è assai distinto in inglese rispetto all’uso in italiano. Inoltre, saranno presentate diverse strutture per comunicare in un linguaggio appropriato (formale / informale). Si consiglia di fare attenzione a tali strutture perché esprimono diverse funzioni comunicative. Per quanto riguarda il lessico sono presenti molti vocaboli di uso comune dei quali si consiglia l’assimilazione e la memorizzazione. Il lessico politico militare anche se di base è più articolato. Sono di nuovo presenti i “drills” che rappresentano l’unica opportunità di consolidare l’apprendimento orale delle strutture di base. Per la prima volta vedrete i cosiddetti verbi frasali, parte essenziale della lingua parlata.
4
Get moving! Actions happening now Giving orders Making suggestions / arrangements Describing people
Giving orders
Listen and repeat.
We're leaving for Kosovo.
Where are you going?
She is giving orders.
Language Focus The present progressive
NOW.... the enemy is attacking us.
I you he she it we you they
NB.
Affirmative am are is
are
Interrogative I you he drinking. Is drinking? she it we Are you they Am Are
I’m you he she it we you they
Negative not aren’t isn’t
drinking.
aren’t
Quando parliamo di un’azione in corso di svolgimento usiamo una costruzione particolare: presente progressivo. In inglese è obbligatorio l’uso di questa costruzione se l’azione è in corso. Now, I work. ✖ e.g. Now I’m studying. ✔ Il presente progressivo non si usa per parlare di azioni abituali. Every week I’m swimming.✖ e.g. Every day I drive to the office.✔
What is he doing? Listen and repeat.
1
2
He’s running
5
3
He’s crawling
6
He’s throwing a grenade
He’s carrying a flag
4
He’s shooting
He’s jumping
8
7
He’s saluting
He’s watching with binoculars
Ex. 1 Write the interrogative of the above sentences. e.g. He’s surfing. Is he surfing? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. NB.
Alcuni verbi non si prestano alla forma progressiva: verbi che indicano ciò che percepiamo attraverso i nostri sensi: see, hear. Verbi con il quale esprimiamo sensazioni o desideri: like, love, want. e.g. Do you like my bag? ✔ Are you liking that music?✖ I love you Peter. ✔ He’s loving Anne. ✖ What does he want? ✔ He’s wanting a coffee.✖
NB.
Quando il verbo “have” ha il significato di possedere non si usa la forma progressiva. e.g. I have a big fast Italian car.✔ I’m having a motorbike.✖
Listen and repeat.
They’re running
1.
What is she doing? She’s washing.
5.
What are they doing? They’re studying
2.
What is it doing? It’s drinking.
6.
What is he doing? He’s sleeping.
3.
What is she doing? She’s cooking.
7.
What is he doing? He’s running.
4.
What are they doing? They’re driving.
8.
What is it doing? It’s running.
Ex. 2 Form the correct question. e.g. What’s he doing? He’s reading the newspaper. 1. 2. 3. 4.
They’re playing. He’s briefing the new recruits. She’s writing a letter. We’re cooking chicken.
Ex. 3 Put into the interrogative form. e.g. She’s running. Is she running? 1. 2. 3. 4.
They’re jogging. He’s painting. I’m shooting. We’re driving.
Ex. 4 Put into the negative. e.g. I’m drawing. I’m not drawing. 1. 2. 3. 4.
He’s repairing the vehicles. She’s sending the letters. We’re washing. The children are drinking.
Ex. 5 You are out in the field. Fill in the gaps with the verbs from the list. Remember to conjugate the verbs. e.g. They ________ ________ a bridge. They are crossing a bridge.
drive
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
fire
throw
fly
patrol
dig
lay
He ________ ________ a U.N. tank. She ________ ________ a helicopter. They ________ ________ explosives. He ________ _________ a grenade. I ________ _________ a trench. We ________ ________ a missile. He ________ ________ an area. He ________ ________a machine gun.
Ex. 6 Dictation. Listen and write. 1._____________________________________________________________ 2._____________________________________________________________ 3._____________________________________________________________ 4._____________________________________________________________ 5._____________________________________________________________
launch
Ex. 7 What are they doing? Listen and match with the pictures.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Language Focus To have - idiomatic expressions
• • • • • •
to have (take) a shower to have lunch to have a rest to have an argument to have a party to have a good time Bill and Harriet are having an argument.
Ex. 8 Match the two halves. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
I want to speak to the Colonel now. Can I speak to Rose please? What’s all that noise? Ssh ! Be quiet! your father’s Can Peter come out to play?
NB.
I think they’re having a party. having a rest. No, he’s having his lunch. I’m sorry, she’s having a shower. I’m sorry sir, he’s having lunch with the General at the moment.
Con le espressioni idiomatiche il verbo “have” ha un significato diverso da possedere. Alle volte corrisponde ai verbi italiani fare e prendere. Può essere coniugato nella forma progressiva. Now, they have a good time.✖ e.g. They’re having a briefing now. ✔
Ex. 9 Which is correct. e.g. Now they have a good time. ✖ They’re having a briefing now.✔ 1. Is Andrew there? I’m sorry, he has a bath Is Andrew there? I’m sorry, he’s having a bath. 2. Where’s Alan? He’s having a rest. Where’s Alan? He has a rest. 3. What’s that terrible noise? They’re having a party. What’s that terrible noise? They have a party. 4. Pakistan and India are having nuclear bombs. Pakistan and India have nuclear bombs.
Language Focus Interrogative - negative Listen.
Aren’t they in the barracks? Aren’t they in the barracks?
No, they’re in the chopper.
Ex. 10 Form the correct question. e.g. Isn’t he American? No, he’s French. (American). 1. 2. 3. 4.
No, they’re at home. (in the office) No, she’s in the Air Force. (in the Navy) No, we’re in the Royal Engineers Corps. (in the Medical Corps) No, it’s a British tank. (the Italian Centauro)
Language Focus Imperatives
Take aim! Fire!
Don’t touch!
NB.
L’imperativo per la seconda persona singolare e plurale coincide con la forma base del verbo. Il negativo si fa mettendo “don’t” davanti al verbo. e.g. Stay where you are! Don’t move!
NB.
L’imperativo non si usa soltanto per dare ordini e istruzioni. L’imperativo esprime una grande varietà di significati. e.g. Street information: “Go straight on!” Prohibition: “Don’t talk to the driver!” Invitation: “Sit down, please!” Giving instructions: “Pull this lever!” Offering something: “Take a piece of cake”.
Ex. 11 Match the sentence on the left with the correct “communication” on the right. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Have a chocolate! Don’t touch that! Press the red button! Come to my party....please! Turn left at the pharmacy.
prohibition giving instructions invitation road directions offering something
Ex. 12 Underline the verbs in the imperative form. You want the theatre? Mm. You’re going the wrong way. Turn round and go straight on until you get to the crossroads. At the crossroads, turn right, then take the second street on your left. The theatre’s on your right. Oh, by the way, don’t park in front of the theatre, it’s a “No Parking” area!
Ex. 13 Match the two halves. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Quick! This man is wounded! Don’t move that! Take cover! Hurry! Eat your vegetables, Telephone Dad. Don’t read
my love letters. There’s an air attack! We’re late! or no sweets! It’s his birthday! It’s a booby trap. Call an ambulance!
Listen and repeat these commands. COMBAT
PEACEKEEPING Stop where you are! Drop your weapon! Stop or I’ll shoot! Hands up! Move slowly! Hands on the car! Stand still! Don’t move! Follow me! Call an ambulance!
DRILLS Attention! At ease! Present arms! Shoulder arms! About face! March! Halt!
A
Take aim! Fire! Return fire! Hold your fire! Cease fire! Withdraw!
WARNINGS A Take cover! Watch out! Look out! Get down! Keep down! Duck! Hurry! Lie down! Wait here!
Ex. 14 What do you say in these situations? Choose from the list below. Drive slowly! Be quiet! Quick, call an ambulance!
Stop where you are! Put your weapon down!
1. You see a soldier walking towards the minefield. The soldier doesn’t see the warning sign. _______________________________________________________ 2. You see a wounded child. _______________________________________________________ 3. You’re on a peace keeping mission. A civilian stands in front of you. He’s pointing a rifle at you. _______________________________________________________ 4. You are in an armored vehicle with a driver. You see there is ice on the road. ________________________________________________________ 5. You and a colleague are laying explosives under a bridge. You hear someone approaching. _________________________________________________________
Ex. 15 Match the situation with the correct command. 1. 2. 3.. 4. 5. 6. 7.
There is an armed civilian on the street. Your CO enters the room. Offer him a chair. Prepare your men to defend a position under attack. You want to take a prisoner. He is armed. Your men are marching. Stop them. Your men are shooting. Stop them. You are in a car with a British officer. Ask him to drive more slowly. 8. You need assistance. 9. You see a mine. Warn the other soldiers. 10. You hear an explosion. Tell your men to get down. 11. You see a warning sign for mines. Warn your men. 12. You stop a car containing a suspected arms trafficker.
Get out! Hands on the car! Take aim! Be careful! Mines! Please sit down! Drive slowly, please! Stop or I’ll shoot! Get down! Cease fire! Drop your weapon! Watch out! Don’t move! Help! Halt!
Read the following passage.
The knowledge of a foreign language is important. This is true. The knowledge of English as a second language is important and it is sometimes essential. This is true especially for a pilot. When pilots fly over foreign territories they communicate with foreign air control towers and foreign aircraft. The official language in many parts of the world is English. Pilots have a particular code in English to establish contact and report information. However, the spoken word is a weak link because often air noise and mechanical noises decrease the ability to speak and to hear. The line of communication is sometimes difficult because the pilot has an oxygen mask on or because the pilot is “pulling Gs” which means he is under physical stress. The ICAO (International Civilian Aviation Organization) standardizes language and terminology for both civilian and military aircraft communication. An example of aviation terminology from the US Air Force is the expression: “take the point!” which means “take the lead”. Other terms that are legendary are the words “bogey” (enemy) and “angels” (altitude). Many words or expressions are rapidly outdated but others remain valid.
Ex. 16 Answer the questions true (T) or false (F). T 1. Sometimes communication in the air is difficult because of atmospheric and/or mechanical noises. 2. The ICAO standardizes air codes for civilian and military aviation. 3. The use of the expression “bogey” refers to a past legend. 4. Aviation terminology never changes. 5. The ICAO issues oxygen masks.
F
Training Instructor
Read the following passage.
According to a high ranking officer in the Army, the job of a “Training Instructor� (TI) is very important. In fact, the role of a TI is fundamental. His job is to take a young individual from the civilian world and to reshape him or her into a person that adheres to the morals and the standards of the military. Often it is a physical reshaping. The Army TI teaches the new soldiers to run and to march and to stand straight. The soldier becomes physically fit. The TI teaches the new soldiers to wear the Army uniform, to respect certain social codes and to follow army regulations. Army training is sometimes a psychological reshaping. Ex. 17 Give short answers to the following questions.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Who reshapes the new recruits? Does the TI teach the soldiers how to march? Who becomes fit? Is the TI an essential member of the Army?
Ex. 18 Look at the picture and give short answers to the following questions.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Is the man on the left running? Are the men in the picture standing or sitting? Is the man on the right receiving a diploma? Are the men in the middle of the picture marching?
On the road
Ex. 19 Fill in the gaps with the words from the list.
twenty-eight know patrol
truck 2100
peace work
approach roads
be (x2) convoy muddy see move motorcycles
It’s __________ hours and it is a dark night. The roads are _________ and difficult to travel on because it _________ raining. Chief Warrant Officer Newark _________ something in the distance. Six vehicles are _________. It is a small military _________ formed by three jeeps, one light _________ and two _________. The vehicles _________ German. Officer Newark counts approximately _________ German soldiers. The military vehicles and soldiers are part of the “Partnership for _________” unit, in fact, this PfP unit ___ __________ the border area. The soldiers are _________ slowly because the _________ are wet. Chief Warrant Officer Newark _________ the Commander of the German unit. They _________ together.
A military expedition
Ex. 20 Listen and read, then answer the questions true (T) or false (F).
Captain Thomas Moore is head of the National Topographic and Cartographic field expedition to the flooded Missouri river area to update the territorial maps. The Army’s Geographical Institute in Chicago is responsible for military topographical and geophysical maps. The expedition team has 13 members: three officers, two NCOs and six regular soldiers. There are also two civilian technicians on the team. The expedition is leaving on Feb. 3rd and is returning on the 12th. The expedition is scheduled for eight nights and nine days. There are three vehicles for transportation of personnel and special equipment.
T
F
1. The Army’s Geographical Institute is located in Los Angeles. 2. The aim of the expedition is to update maps. 3. The Missouri River area is flooded. 4. Capt. Thomas Moore is head of the expedition. 5. The expedition is scheduled for March.
Ex. 21 Listen and answer the questions. Captain Moore speaks on the telephone with an Army surveyor. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Who is Captain Moore speaking to? What vehicles are scheduled for the expedition? Is Captain Jim Turner part of the expedition? What is the weight of the surveying equipment?
_____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________
Ex. 22 Listen and answer the questions. Choose the correct answer a), b), c), or d). Captain Moore speaks on the telephone with Mr. Robert Levin. 1. Mr. Levin is a) An Army officer. b) An Army surveyor. c) A civilian surveyor. d) A friend of Captain Moore. 2. When is the expedition leaving for Missouri? a) 6 o’clock Monday morning. b) Monday afternoon. c) At 1600 hours. d) At 16.30 Wednesday afternoon. 3. Mr. Levin a) has 20 pounds and 50 pence. b) has 20 pounds of surveying equipment. c) doesn’t have any equipment. d) is taking the equipment in his car. Ex. 23 Listen and answer the questions. Choose the correct answer a), b), c), or d). Captain Moore gives a briefing to the expedition team. 1. When is the expedition team arriving in the flooded area? a) 9.15 tomorrow. b) 9.00 am. c) 9.00 pm. d) Yesterday. 2. Who is Sgt. Lewis? a) The radio operator. b) Chief surveyor. c) The cook. d) The driver. 3. Where does the food go? a) In the refrigerator. b) In the van. c) In the truck. d) In the river. 4. Where is the surveying equipment? a) In the truck. b) In the van. c) At the base. d) With Capt. Turner.
Language Focus Suggestions and arrangements - Informal
Listen and repeat.
Shall we go for a walk?
Yes, let's.
Why don’t we go away for the weekend?
Brilliant idea!
How about eating out this evening?
Great! Let’s have a curry.
NB.
L’ interrogativa negativa “why don’t we/you” si usa per fare una proposta. Corrisponde all’italiano “perché non ....”? Í e.g. Why don’t we go to the cinema?
NB.
“Shall” si usa per dare suggerimenti o fare proposte con il significato del verbo italiano volere. In questo caso, si usa esclusivamente alla prima persona plurale “we”. e.g. Shall we go out this evening?
NB.
Si usa anche “Let’s” per dare suggerimenti o fare proposte che includono la persona che parla. “Let’s” è la contrazione dell’imperativo del verbo “let” più il pronome “us”. “Let’s” viene seguito dalla forma base del verbo. e.g. Let’s play tennis this afternoon.
NB.
“What about....?/How about......?” corrisponde all’italiano “che ne pensi” (informale). Quando sono seguiti da un verbo, il verbo è al gerundio. e.g. What about inviting Melinda to the cocktail party? How about a coffee?
NB.
“Let’s” può essere anche usato come risposta a tutti i suggerimenti sopra. e.g. Shall we have a break? What about a drink? Yes, let’s. How about leaving now?
Language Focus Suggestions and arrangements - Formal Listen and repeat.
Would you like to go the theatre? Yes, I’d love to!
Would you like to dance?
Yes, I would!
Would you like to order now?
Yes, we’d like steak!
NB.
L’espressione “Would you like...?” si usa per fare un invito. E’ più formale e cortese dell’espressione “What about....”, “Shall we...?” o “Why don’t we...”? e.g. Would you like to join us for dinner this evening? I would be delighted. Per una spiegazione più completa di “would like” fate di nuovo riferimento alla pagina 89 della terza unità.
Ex. 24 Match the halves. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
I have a terrible headache. Do you think John can help me? It’s Saturday and I’m bored. I feel awful, I’ve got a cough. This TV is broken again. My tooth hurts.
Why don’t you buy a new one? Why don’t you take some cough syrup? Why don’t you see a dentist? Why don’t you take an aspirin? Why don’t you ask him? Why don’t you come to the cinema with me?
Ex. 25 Match the halves. 1. 2. 3. 4.
What about Shall we Let’s Would you like
go now or after dinner? to go to the theatre for your birthday? downsizing our Milan office? stay in this evening.
Ex. 26 Find the error and write the correct sentence. e.g. Let’s to listen to some music. Let’s listen to some music. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Shall we to leave tomorrow morning? What about sell your car? Let’s watching a film this evening. Would you like begin? How about to go away for the weekend?
Ex. 27 Listen to Louise and Gerald talking about how to spend the evening. Answer the questions True or False. T 1.
"Titanic" is on for the first time.
2.
"The English Patient" is not just a war film.
3.
They want to go to the early performance.
4.
They decide to see the film after dinner.
F
Language Focus Countable and uncountable nouns I’d like some information about trains, please. Please give me some water.
What time is the news on?
Two pints of beer please and an orange juice.
NB.
Nomi numerabili sono nomi di persone o cose che si possono contare. e.g. a soldier, two soldiers; a dentist, two dentists. I nomi non numerabili sono nomi di cose che non si possono contare. I nomi non numerabili sono solo singolari. e.g. sugar, wine, water, flour, rice, money.
NB.
Alcuni nomi non numerabili in inglese sono invece numerabili in italiano. e.g. information, news, luggage, baggage, jewellery, research, equipment, spaghetti.
Ex. 28 Insert the following words into the correct column.
equipment
weapon
money
mine jewellery
slice of bread sugar
soldier meat
soft drink
people
information
Countable 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
NB.
Uncountable 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Alcuni sostantivi singolari possono essere usati con il verbo coniugato alla forma singolare o plurale. e.g. The government want/wants to increase taxes. The Army is/are providing humanitarian assistance. The Italian football team is/are resting before the big match. Attenzione: con “policeâ€? il verbo è sempre coniugato alla forma plurale. e.g In England the police are unarmed.
Language Focus How much? How many? Listen and repeat. How much information do we have on the K.L.A?
How many training exercises are there every morning?
How much sugar would you like?
How many Air Force officers actually fly fighter jets?
NB.
Gli avverbi interrogativi “how much”, “how many” servono per formulare domande riguardanti la quantità. “How much” si usa con i nomi non numerabili. “How many” si usa con i nomi numerabili. e.g. How much equipment do we need? How many soldiers train every day?
NB.
“How much” si usa anche per chiedere il prezzo di qualcosa. e.g. How much is it? How much does it cost?
More questions with “how?” Ex. 29 Match the two halves.
1. 2. 3. 4.
How much does it cost? How much is it? How much do they cost? How much are they?
It is $10.00. It costs £2.50. They’re free! They cost 65c.
Ex. 30 Find the error. e.g. How much it costs? How much does it cost? 1. 2. 3. 4.
How much do it cost? How much it is? It cost $20.00. How much they cost?
Ex. 31 Insert “how much” or “how many”. e.g. ______ fruit do you eat? How much fruit do you eat? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
milk do you drink? meat do you buy every week? soft drinks do your children drink? spaghetti do you cook for six people? slices of bread do you eat at lunch?
Ex. 32 Match the questions with the right answer. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
How old is she? How tall is she? How are they? How much does it cost? How often do you play? How much information is there? How does he get to work?
They’re not well at all. $25.00. Three times a week. She’s 1.64 cm. There’s a lot. She’s 21. By car.
Aircraft Read the following passages.
C CA AN NA AD DA AIIR R C CLL 221155 The Canadair CL215 is an amphibious aircraft. This aircraft can fly across water and land and can land on both. It is used to fight forest fires in Canada. It can accommodate nineteen people plus the crew. Make: Canadian Engines: 2 Pratt & Whitney radial, air-cooled piston engines. Maximum cruising speed: 190 m.p.h. (miles per hour) Range: 350 to 1,250 miles Wing span: 93 feet 10 inches
Ex. 33
Now answer the questions.
1. What is the maximum cruising speed of the Canadair CL-215? 2. What is an amphibious aircraft? 3. How many people can the Canadair CL-215 carry? 4. Where is the Canadair CL-215 made?
M MC C D DO ON NN NE ELLLL D DO OU UG GLLA AS S P PH HA AN NTTO OM M The McDonnell Douglas Phantom is a fighter aircraft. It is a two-seat American aircraft. This fighter plane can carry a variety of weapons according to the operational requirements. Make: American Engines: 2 Rolls-Royce Spey turbo fans with a static thrust of 12,250 pounds Maximum Speed: 1,386 m.p.h. at 40,000 feet altitude Initial rate of climb: 32,000 feet per minute Wing span: 38 feet 4 inches Length: 57 feet 11 inches
Ex. 34 Form the correct questions. 1. 2. 3.
Two. About 39 feet. 57 feet, 11 inches.
Read the following passages.
D DA AS SS SA AU ULLTT M MIIR RA AG GE E IIIIII E E The Dassault Mirage is a single-seat strike fighter aircraft. It is a French aircraft similar to the American Phantom aircraft. The French Air Force, the Israeli Air Force, the South African Air Force and the Australian Air Force use the Dassault Mirage. It has two 30 mm cannons and three AAMs (Air to Air Missiles). It can carry 8,000 pounds of bombs. Make: French Engine: 1 SNECMA Atar turbojet with a static thrust of 9,436 pounds Maximum speed: 1,386 mph at 40,000 feet Operating range: 180 miles
Ex. 35 Form the correct questions. 1. 2. 3.
Israel, France, South Africa and Australia. Three. One.
LLO OC CK KH HE EE ED D FF--110044S SS STTA AR RFFIIG GH HTTE ER R The Lockheed Starfighter is a fighter plane. It is a single-seat fighter aircraft and is used all over the world. It was originally made in America but today it is built in many nations including Japan and Canada. The Starfighter is armed with a 20mm rotary cannon and a variety of missiles. Make: American Engine: 1 General Electric turbojet of 17,900 pound static thrust Maximum speed: 1,450 m.p.h. at 40,000 feet Maximum rate of climb: 50,000 feet per minute Wing span: 21 feet 11 inches Length: 54 feet 9 inches
Ex. 36 Form the correct questions. 1. 2. 3.
Many nations build the Lockheed Starfighter. It carries a rotary cannon and missiles. 50,000 feet/minute.
Language Focus Adjectives
She has fair hair
She has dark hair
They’re rich He’s poor
NB.
Gli aggettivi sono invariabli nel genere e nel numero. Se accompagnano un sostantivo lo precedono. e.g. I prefer red wine.✔ I prefer wine white.✖ They are outstanding soldiers. ✔ They are soldiers lazy. ✖
Ex. 37 Match the two halves. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
A man who hasn’t any money is A Ferrari is You can’t read this, it is The planet Earth is The American military is A person of ninety three is You haven’t any muscles you are 2 + 2 = 5 No, that is He has blue eyes, and his skin is The baby’s hair is
fair powerful curly poor old classified spherical / round fast wrong weak
Ex. 38 Match the adjective on the left with its correct opposite.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
John weighs 117 kg. He’s fat. She’s 1.89 cm. She’s tall. Burberry’s is expensive. Anthrax is lethal. Saddam Hussein is unpredictable. The baby weighs 2.1 kg. He’s tiny. Luxembourg is small. The desert is dry. She is the new Miss World. She’s beautiful It’s -8°. It’s very cold. A Ferrari is fast. There isn’t any wine. The bottle is empty. Hurry, it’s 8.20. We’re late! We need more personnel. The barracks are dirty. In Perugia the roads are narrow.
NB.
cheap enormous wet ugly hot harmless short wide slow predictable thin clean big full early
Quando ci sono due aggettivi di colore si usa mettere “and”. e.g. A black and white television. A green and red jacket.
Ex. 39 Fill in the blanks using the words from the box. empty 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
frightened
wet
full
He’s in the water. He’s _____. She’s in the desert. She hasn’t got any water, she’s _____. I’m surrounded by enemy soldiers. I’m _____. Let’s go to a different restaurant, this one is _____. How about some water? Sorry, the bottle’s _____! Her hair is _____, it isn’t wet.
thirsty
dry
Language Focus Synonyms Vocabulary building Ex. 40 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Underline the adjectives in the following sentences.
The Queen of England is very rich. London is a wonderful city. Robert Redford is so handsome. The food in that restaurant is disgusting. Demi Moore is attractive.
Ex. 41 Now match the adjectives to their best synonym. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
handsome attractive disgusting rich wonderful
wealthy beautiful fantastic good looking awful
Ex. 42 Listen to the descriptions of four people and number them in the correct sequence as you listen. 1. Nelson Mandela 2. The Pope 3. Bill Clinton 4. The Queen of England
Ex. 43 Listen to the recording again (Ex. 42) and list the adjectives used to describe the following people.
Bill Clinton attractive
The Queen of England small
The Pope
Nelson Mandela
not tall
coloured
NB.
“Look like” si riferisce a ll’apparenza fisica di una persona. Nella risposta, quando si descrive la persona non si ripete “look like”. e.g. What does he look like? He’s short and fat.✔ He looks like short.✖
NB.
“Look like” significa anche assomigliare ad una persona. e.g. Who does he look like? He looks like his father. John’s kids don’t look like him. They look like their mother.
Language Focus What are they like? Ex. 44 Listen to another description of Nelson Mandela, the Queen, the Pope, and Bill Clinton. List the adjectives used to describe their character.
Bill Clinton powerful
The Queen of England rich
The Pope
Nelson Mandela
pious
patient
NB.
“What is .... like?” viene usato per chiedere la descrizione di una persona. Può comprendere sia la descrizione fisica, sia la descrizione più generale della persona (carattere/personalità). e.g. What is Berlusconi like? He’s intelligent and smart, he’s medium height and has little hair.
NB.
Questa espressione si usa anche per chiedere la descrizione di una cosa. e.g. What’s his house like? It’s large with a big garage.
Ex. 45 Form the correct question. e.g. What is Perugia like? It’s medieval (Perugia).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
He’s kind and helpful. It’s very fast (his car). She’s tall and thin. They’re kind, sweet old ladies. He’s very handsome.
Ex. 46 Listen and answer the questions.
1. 2. 3. 4.
How tall is she? What colour hair does she have? Does she think of other people’s feelings? Who does she look like?
Ex. 47 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Match the two halves.
What is Sydney like? What are modern weapons like? What do they look like? What are they like? What is modern warfare like?
NB.
They’re tall with grey hair. They’re efficient and competent. It’s unpredictable. It’s modern. They are fast, long ranging and lethal.
Non confondete l’uso della preposizione “like” + verbo essere, con il verbo “like". e.g. She likes coca cola. (like – verbo) What’s his job like? (like preposition)
Language Focus The Human Body Listen and repeat.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
eye nose moustache lip neck hair forehead ear cheek chin
⑥ ⑦ ①
⑧
②
⑨
③
④
⑩
⑤
①
② ⑧
③ ④ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
head shoulder back elbow leg calf ankle chest arm wrist knee foot
⑨
⑩
⑤ 11
⑥
⑦ 12
Language Focus Clothes Listen and repeat.
belt
undershirt T-shirt
sweater cardigan
necktie tie
trousers
blouse
dress
shoes
vest
running shoes
sweater pullover
bathrobe
overcoat
purse
gloves
skirt
handbag
socks
jacket
hat
Ex. 48 Fill in the blanks using the words from the box. dress
overcoat T- shirt purse
hat shoes running shoes
tie (x 2) belt
1. Dave has big feet and can’t find _________that fit. 2. On weekdays I work in an office so I wear a suit and ______. 3. Joan wears her _________ when it is very cold. 4. Before he goes jogging, Jim puts on his ____________. 5. She wears a _____on her head to protect herself from the hot sun. 6. He wears a ______ around his waist, on his trousers. 7. Ellen puts her money and keys into her________ before leaving the house. 8. Jack would like a blue silk ________for his birthday. 9. Linda is wearing a long black __________for the formal dinner party this evening. 10. In summer most young people wear a___________ and shorts to keep cool.
Ex. 49 Match the clothes with the related parts of the body. loves pants belt hat shirt shoes tie
upper body feet neck hands lower body head waist
Ex. 50 Listen and match the description with the picture.
A
B
C
D
Going away
Ex. 51 Listen and read. Two people describe the clothing they are taking on a trip. Underline the clothing and write the words in the correct suitcase.
Robert: “Next Tuesday I am leaving for a one week business trip to Chicago. I am taking two business suits, at least three white shirts, two silk neckties, my blue cardigan, five pairs of socks, underwear, my brown leather belt and dress shoes. For my free time, I want to take my jeans and sweatshirt so I can relax in comfort”.
Julie: “I can’t wait to go on vacation!
Tomorrow I’m going to the Bahamas for two weeks. I’m not taking very much because the weather is quite warm at this time of year. I’m taking a sweater just in case it’s cool in the evening. I want a couple of light cotton dresses, two pairs of short pants, my silk blouse and of course my bathing suit”.
Robert________________
Julie___________________
_________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________
Missing soldiers Ex. 52 Listen to the radio announcement and answer the questions. Choose the correct answer a), b), c), or d).
1. The radio announcement tells us that a) 157 soldiers are participating in a military exercise. b) two soldiers are missing. c) five soldiers are missing. d) there are about 240 soldiers. 2. Lance Corporal Jim Jones a) is a tall man. b) is a fat man. c) is bald. d) is of average build. 3. Both men are a) driving military vehicles. b) wearing dress uniforms. c) walking to the battle field. d) wearing battle clothes. 4. Sergeant Mike Harris a) has thick hair. b) has a beard. c) has a rifle. d) has brown eyes. 5. The two soldiers aren’t a) missing. b) participating in a map reading exercise. c) short. d) wearing full battle dress.
SOLDIERS MISSING
Ex 53 Read the passage and answer the questions.
At the Train Station This is the Boston Train Station. It is night. It's 10:30 p.m. and it's cold and windy outside. Inside it is cold but not windy. The station is big and impressive. It is an old building with marble floors and marble walls. It is well-lit and very clean. But it is chilly and empty tonight. There is nobody at the ticket counter but there are some people at Gate 2 waiting for the local train to the suburban areas. Three people are standing near the gate, one woman and two men. The woman is wearing a dark fur coat and white gloves. She is a middle-aged woman - about 45 years old. She has short red hair and green eyes. The man on her left is a short, heavy-set man about 50. He is wearing a navy blue coat and a yellow neck scarf. He has grey hair and he is smoking a pipe. He is carrying an umbrella. They have two bags with them, a small brown leather bag and a large black suitcase. The grey-haired man with the pipe and the red-haired woman are talking. The second man is standing in front of the gate. He is a young man - about 20 or 22. He is wearing a heavy brown coat and jeans. He is wearing cowboy boots and he has a worn-out back-pack on his shoulder. He isn't tall but he isn't short. He is average height and average build. He has sandy blond hair and a moustache. He is wearing dark rimmed glasses and he is holding a book. He is alone. Now, he is looking at his watch. It is 10:38. The train arrives at 10:42. Two other people are walking toward the gate. They are a young couple. She is a tall blond woman about 25 and he is a very tall dark-haired man in uniform. She is wearing a pink ski jacket and a green wool hat and she is carrying a cello case. It is a very big dark cello case. The man is carrying a big green military bag is his left hand. His uniform is dark green and there are two gold stars on his shoulder. He also has a newspaper under his arm. They are walking toward the gate and laughing. There is also a train station employee at the gate. He is wearing a blue uniform and hat. Now, he is talking to the man in the green coat. He is checking the train tickets and now he is looking at his watch and nodding his head. He is assuring the people that the train is coming.
1. How many people does the passage describe? 2. Who is wearing white gloves? 3. Who is wearing glasses? 4. When does the train arrive? 5. Who is checking the tickets? 6. Who is carrying an umbrella? 7. How many people are wearing uniforms? 8. What colour is the soldier's uniform? 9. What is the man carrying in his left hand? 10. Who is smoking? What?
At the bus station Ex. 54 Listen and answer the questions. Choose the correct answer a), b), c), or d).
1. The one way bus fare to Toronto costs. a) five dollars. b) twenty-five dollars. c) twenty dollars. d) thirty dollars. 2. The bus is leaving a) at 5 o’clock. b) now. c) At 2 o’clock. d) this afternoon. 3. The bus leaves from a) the parking lot. b) bus stop 2 . c) platform number nine. d) platform number five. 4. One of the travelers a) often takes the bus. b) never takes the bus. c) wants to take a train. d) always takes the bus.
Language Focus Can • CAN to express ability.
He can play the violin very well.
She can fly a helicopter.
Affirmative I you he can. she it we you they
Interrogative I you he Can she it we you they
Negative
?
I you he she it we you they
can’t (cannot / can not)
NB.
“Can” esprime l’abilità di far qualcosa. e.g. I can speak four languages.
NB.
“Can” rimane invariato per tutte le persone, cioè non prende la “s” alla terza persona singolare. Le domande si costruiscono mettendo “can” prima del soggetto. “Can” è seguito dall’infinito senza “to”. e.g. He can run fast.✔ They can to ski.✖ Can they swim?✔Can you to use the computer?✖
NB.
La forma negativa di “can” è “cannot” / “can not”/ “can’t”. e.g. Susan can’t speak Russian. John is a teacher, he can not drive a tank. Pat cannot fly a helicopter.
•
Ex. 55 Listen to Betty and Jane talking about what their husbands can and can’t do. Give short answers to the questions. 1. Can Betty’s husband, Pete, play the saxophone? 2. Can Jane’s husband, James, sing? 3. Can Pete play golf? 4. Can James fly a helicopter? 5. Who can run a mile in three and a half minutes?
Ex. 56 List the helicopters Pete can fly. 1. 2. 3. 4. Ex. 57 Listen and write true answers to these questions. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Can you swim? Can your wife/girlfriend speak English? Can your boss drive? Can you play the piano?
• CAN to give and ask for permission.
Can I open the window? Yes, you can.
NB.
La forma “can” per chiedere e dare permesso, viene usata in un contesto informale.
• CAN to express prohibition.
No, you can’tÎgo out again!
NB.
“Can” si usa per esprimere un’autorizzazione, un permesso o l’assenza di proibizione: “can’t” per esprimere una proibizione. e.g. Can we kiss in public in China? No, you can’t. And in Australia? Yes, you can in Australia.
Ex. 58 Put the following sentences in the correct list. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
He can operate a Howitzer. He’s very clever. No, you can’t go to the disco again! Excuse me, can we smoke here? Tony can’t read. He’s only two years old. Yes, you can have your meeting in my office. Lucy is a Cordon Bleu Chef. She can cook really well. Can I borrow your car? Mine’s at the mechanic. You can’t park your car here. There’s a pedestrian crossing. No, you can’t have a beer, you’re not 18.
Ability Peter can play football very well. He can’t speak Russian at all.
Permission Military personnel can park in the barracks. Can we wear civilian clothes?
Prohibition You can’t take bags into the library. Italian officers can’t use an umbrella when in uniform.
Uniforms
Listen and repeat.
insignia regimental crest
nameplate
branch insignia
ribbons
marksmanship
Ex. 59 Read the passage and answer the questions.
Military personnel wear uniforms and on their uniforms they wear their badges and insignias and awards. This means that the uniform of a military man or woman talks about the person. In other words, the military career of that person is visible. We look at their qualifications, their rank, their merits and missions when we look at the uniform. We can see what branch of the military they are in. We see their rank and what type of activity they do. For example, if the person has a parachute badge this indicates the qualification for this task. All military people recognize these symbols of rank, ability and special missions abroad. It is necessary for military people to recognize foreign uniforms and insignias. One intelligence officer says when he meets a foreign officer, he matches the person with the uniform and the badges. Occasionally he asks questions to verify the career history of the person. 1. What do military personnel wear? 2. What can we see when we look at their uniform? 3. Can we see what branch they are in? 4. Do we know their rank when we look at their uniform? 5. Do military personnel recognize foreign uniforms and insignias?
Ex. 60 Match the two halves. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
How about a pizza? Shall we have a break? What about going swimming? Why don’t you do some gardening? Let’s listen to some music! Would you like a cigarette?
No, I’ve got a cold. Look! Can’t you see it’s raining! No, I want to finish this. No thanks, I’m not hungry. We don’t have a CD player. No thanks, I don’t smoke.
Ex. 61 Put the words in the correct order. e.g. like you would what? What would you like? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
fridge in much how wine is the? this tomorrow let’s finish a after what drink about for meeting work? the why major doesn’t brief us? ice slowly there’s the drive on road because Baggage leave your unattended don’t wearing she’s white a pretty sweater wear uniform my I never weekends at weapon afternoon have on we training Thursday they cold when wear usually gloves it’s
Ex. 62 Which is correct? e.g. Every day I’m walking to work.✖ Every day I walk to work.✔ 1. Now, he helps his mother. He’s helping his mother now. 2. What does he do every afternoon? What is he doing every afternoon? 3. Where are you going ? Where do you go now? 4. The dog usually runs in the park. The dog is usually running in the park. 5. What do you want? What is he wanting?
Ex. 63 Find the error and write the correct sentence. e.g. I want smoke a cigarette. I want to smoke a cigarette. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
He can to run well. Can we watching TV? Does he can speak English? She cans cook very well. They can’t to drive. They have 15 years old.
Ex. 64 Fill in the gaps with is there are there how much e.g. ________ there any butter? Is there any butter? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
how many
time do you have? missiles are there? any people in that office? any information available? beer is there in the fridge? pints of beer does she want?
Ex. 65 Fill in the gaps with some or any. e.g. Is there ________ cheese in the fridge? Is there any cheese in the fridge? 1. 2. 3. 4.
Would you like ________ coffee? Are there ________ students from Japan? Please, give me ________ information about the training schedule. There aren’t ________ men available.
Ex. 66 Put the adjectives in the correct list. Some are in more than one column. brown straight generous long curly fat sympathetic pink tall kind wavy short big black tiny enormous large motivated decisive yellow honest HAIR short
NB.
COLOUR
SIZE short
CHARACTER
“Sympathetic” è un false friend, significa comprensivo non simpatico. e.g. He always listens to my problems. He’s very sympathetic.
Ex. 67 Fill in the gaps with do don’t does is are can can’t e.g. Molly ________ running in the park. Molly is running in the park. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
James doesn’t have a car. He ________ drive. Mr. and Mrs. Ramsey ________ have a computer, but their son ________. What sports ________ you like? Mat’s dog ________ playing with the ball. Where ________ they having the meeting? Excuse me, _________ I use your phone?
Ex. 68 Write the correct short answer. e.g. Does he jog at weekends? (Yes) Yes, he does. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Is he wearing his grey trousers? (No) Can they fly a fighter jet? (Yes) Are you working hard? (Yes) Has he got a daughter? (No) Do they usually have dinner in a restaurant? (Yes) Does she phone home every week? (No)
Ex. 69
Who says the following and where? Choose from the list below.
People customer (twice) cashier doctor steward soldier (twice) patient priest tourist doctor
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Places dentist’s surgery check point barracks bank restaurant pub plane clothes shop tourist information office doctor’s surgery church
Can I have the bill please? customer Can I have leave next week, sir? What about the museums? Are they open? How would you like your money? Do you have this sweater in blue? In the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, Amen. 7. Open your mouth. Say aah! 8. When I clean my teeth my gums bleed. 9. Can you please fasten your seat belt? 10.Can I see your documents?
restaurant
Ex. 70 Read the passage and answer the questions.
The importance of training A soldier needs to be fit and healthy. The successful outcome of any mission depends on the readiness of an Army. An Army is ready to fight, and can win its battles because its personnel are well trained, well equipped and well-led. The motto is “train hard and fight easy”. A professional modern Army is a highly sophisticated organization. Its efficiency depends on the competence of its officers and troops. State of the art technology alone cannot address all problems and situations. A modern Army needs leaders who are decisive and motivated. With proper training, soldiers have the strength, endurance and agility to survive in hostile environments. The multiplicity of missions that Armies face today means new challenges. It is Army doctrine and training that respond to these “challenges”, and that ensures that its people are ready to meet the uncertainties of the New World Order. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
According to the passage what do soldiers need to be? What does the success of the mission depend on? What is a professional Army? Is state of the art technology enough to win battles? Name two adjectives that can describe an Army leader. What qualities are necessary to survive in a hostile environment? What does Army doctrine and training respond to? What do modern Armies face today?
Ex. 71 Read the passage and answer the questions. Choose the correct answer a), b), c), or d).
THE ROLE OF
AIRPOWER
“Airpower is the key word when we talk about military defence. Advanced fighter jets and their precision-guided bombs can win a future conflict without ground combat and without naval forces”. People who advocate the use of airpower say that the combination of stealth aircraft and munitions makes airpower the important weapon. They also say that the use of airpower leads to rapid victory and reduces the number of casualties. But is airpower alone sufficient to win a conflict?
1. Precision-guided bombs are a. not fired from fighter jets. b. bombs that are guided by other bombs. c. bombs that are guided with precision. d. only used by naval forces.
4. What is the definition of “ground combat”? a. Combat in the air. b. Combat on land. c. Multiforce combat. d. Theoretical combat.
2. What does “airpower alone” mean? 5. “Casualties” means? a. Airpower without land forces and naval forces. a. Many injured and dead people. b. Airpower without land forces but with naval forces. b. Bombs. c. Airpower and multiforce teams. c. Combat in open areas. d. One airplane. d. Deployment of forces. 3. What does “key word” mean? a. A door key. b. A word with the letter “k”. c. A word to decipher. d. An important word.
Ex. 72 Listen to Rose talking to a policeman at the police station. Tick (✔) the clothes you hear.
1. sandals 2. shoes 3. hand towels 4. sweater 5. skirt 6. dresses 7. jeans
Ex. 73 Listen again and fill in the table with Rose’s personal information. Surname Address Marital status Profession
Ex. 74 Listen and answer the questions. Lisa is invited to Jerry and Rita’s . Answer true (T) or false (F). T F 1. Lisa likes Rita’s dress. 2. All the guests are sitting at the table. 3. Rita introduces Lisa to her mother. 4. Lisa has a drink after she speaks to Jerry’s mother. 5. Lisa doesn’t arrive early.
Ex. 75 Listen to the above conversation again and fill in the gaps. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Rita’s dress is ________. Rita looks ________. At the buffet there is ________ and ________. Lisa is ________ for the buffet party. Jerry’s ________ are at the buffet. Lisa sneezes and Jerry says ________ ________.
Invitations Ex. 76 Read the invitation and answer the questions true (T) or false (F).
Invitation Command Sergeant Major and Mrs. John Jamesson request the pleasure of your company at a Farewell Dinner in honour of Colonel and Mrs. Albert Brown at seven o’clock Saturday, May 31, 1996 123 Red Rose Drive Armytown, U.S.A. R.S.V.P. 555-1823 Dress: civilian formal
T 1. The dinner is at the end of the month. 2. The dinner is mid week. 3. You can’t go in your uniform. 4. You need to answer the invitation. 5. The dinner is late evening.
F
Proposing a toast Ex. 77 Listen to the speech at a dinner party and answer the questions. Choose the correct answer a), b), c), or d). 1. There is a party for a Colonel who is a) being promoted. b) getting married. c) retiring from the Army. d) changing his office. 2. After how many years is he leaving? a) Thirteen years. b) Thirty years. c) Fourteen years. d) Forty years. 3. At the dinner party there are a) many units present. b) thirty people present. c) two people present. d) men and women present. 4. The toast at this party is made a) with bread. b) before the speech. c) by raising a glass and drinking. d) three times.
Language Focus Phrasal Verbs •
Particolarmente nel linguaggio informale sono molto frequenti in inglese combinazioni di verbi seguiti da preposizioni e particelle avverbiali.
•
Qualche volta questi verbi mantengono un significato collegato all’uso originario del verbo base e dell’avverbio o preposizione da cui sono composti. Molto spesso tuttavia, il significato di tali verbi non ha nessuna connessione logica con il significato originario del verbo. e.g. Now he’s looking at the slides. What are you looking for? Who looks after your children? I get up at 6.30 every morning. Get out of my car! Get on the bus!
•
(look at - guardare) (look for - cercare) (look after - badare) (get up - alzarsi) (get out of - scendere) (get on - salire)
Inoltre, lo stesso verbo con preposizione può avere più significati. e.g.
I get on well with my brother.
(get on well - andare d’accordo)
Come si può notare, “get on” in questo caso ha un significato diverso rispetto a quello dell’esempio precedente. •
I verbi frasali rappresentano uno dei maggiori problemi per lo studente, vanno perciò appresi man mano che si incontrano. e.g.
Take off! your coat! It’s hot. Look! That plane is taking off!
(take off - togliere) (take off – decollare)
•
Un’altra delle grandi difficoltà nell’uso dei verbi seguiti da preposizione o avverbio è la posizione della particella o del complemeto oggetto. Lo scopo di questo corso è che lo studente riesca a comprendere tali forme senza doversi preoccupare dell’approfondimento grammaticale.
•
In ognuna delle seguenti unità saranno presentati alcuni verbi frasali con relativi esempi d’uso.
Language Focus Look ........ ! Listen.
What are you looking at?
Old photographs.
I can’t find my pen.
Look for it!
Where’s your husband?
He’s looking after the baby.
Ex. 78 Listen and after each conversation answer the questions. 1. What can’t John find? 2. Is Mary looking for it? 3. Whose baby is Jane looking after? 4. Who telephones Jane? 5. What is Penny looking at? 6. How much is the holiday?
Ex. 79 Fill in the gaps with: at for after e.g. Who looks _______ your old grandmother? Who looks after your old grandmother? 1. What are you looking ________? My pen. 2. Who looks ________ your dog when you go on holiday? Nobody, we take him with us. 3. Don’t look ________ my diary, it’s personal!
Language Focus Get ........ !
Quick! Get on the train.
OK.
Where do we get off?
At the pub.
Ex. 80 Listen to this conversation at the bus stop. Answer the questions. 1. Who gets on the bus? 2. Where do they get off? 3. Is Mc Donalds next to the video shop?
Get on
Get in
NB.
the bus the plane the train the tram
the car
Get off
Get out of
the bus the plane the train the tram
the car
La differenze fra i verbi sopra menzionati, non è conseguente ad una regola grammaticale ma risulta dall’uso comune.
Ex. 81 Insert the correct preposition. e.g. I get ______ the bus and sit down.
I get on the bus and sit down.
1. She gets ________ the bus and walks to the office. 2. Don’t get ________ of the car! It’s raining. 3. It’s late, get ________ the car! Let’s go!
Ex. 82 Listen to Maggy talking to the customs officer at Heathrow airport. Match the two halves of the sentences . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
The customs officer The woman The jam The woman The customs officer
opens the case. doesn’t taste the jam. is not on a train. isn’t from the supermarket. doesn’t open the case.
Drills - Unit 4 Ex. 83 Listen and ask the questions, then write the questions. e.g. He’s drinking. What is he doing? 1. 2. 3. 4.
She’s running. They’re sleeping. We’re shooting on the range. He’s running away from enemy fire. e.g. He’s speaking to Mary. Who is he speaking to?
5. 6. 7. 8.
They’re attacking Iraq. She’s calling her sister. I’m helping the Major. He’s briefing the platoon. e.g. She’s tall and slim. What does she look like?
9. 10. 11. 12.
He’s fat. They’re short. I’m overweight. She’s extremely pretty. e.g. He’s very generous. What is he like?
13. 14. 15. 16.
She’s sweet and kind. They’re rude and unreliable. It’s neoclassical in style. He’s honest and dependable. e.g. It’s £64.00 How much is it?
17. 18. 19. 20.
They cost £21.00. It costs $10.00. They’re 25p each. It’s one pound. e.g. Yes, he can play the piano. Can he play the piano?
21. 22. 23. 24.
Yes, they can run very fast. No, they can’t speak Hindu. Yes, we can go to the disco. Yes, she can swim.
Ex. 83 Listen and ask the questions, then write the questions (continued). e.g. There are 125. How many men are there? 25. 26. 27. 28.
There are five regiments. There is one platoon. He has four sisters. I’ve got 10 cigarettes. e.g. Yes, let’s go out. Shall we go out?
29. 30. 31. 32.
Yes, let’s watch a film. Yes, let’s have steak. Yes, let’s telephone him. Yes, let’s go to bed.
Ex. 84 Form the correct question. e.g. Has he got a jeep? Yes, he’s got a jeep.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
He’s having a shower. He has lunch at 1.15. No, she has got green eyes. I usually have a shower after breakfast. No, he’s not at the brief. I’ve got four brothers and one sister. No, I don’t have a credit card. Yes, he’s got a cousin in Poland. She’s having an argument with her sister. Yes, he’s having a bath.
Mini test Unit 4
Ex. 1 Find the error/s in each sentence and write the correct sentence. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
He’s play football now. I’m take the bus to work today. She waking up at 7:00 every morning. The bell is ringing every afternoon at three. We are singing songs at the Christmas holidays. They are having a good times at the party. James like to go swimming in summer. Where’s Pete? He has breakfast. What you do with that weapon in your hands? My jeep is having a flat tire. Carol is smoke a cigarette outside. Dave is speaking five languages. Can you telling me the correct time please. The captain can flying an plane. He is a pilot. Now, our platoon is patrol the area.
Ex. 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Form the correct question. He likes going to the cinema. We are working now. The General gives a briefing every morning. Jane is studying with Paula. Colonel Jones lives on the military base. The artillery units are leaving the area. They usually eat dinner at the Officer’s Club. There are three tanks. Colonel Vandercamp is travelling to Rome by train. The McDonnell Douglas Phantom is a fighter aircraft. He has $25.00. Ground combat means combat on land.
Ex. 3
Match the adjectives to the nouns.
1. camouflage 2. heavy 3. night-vision 4. hot 5. dark 6. parachute 7. long 8. geographic 9. gravel 10.pretty
road uniform woman hair artillery goggles tea brigade skin position
The Body Ex. 4 Put the letters in the correct order. e.g. eahd - head 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
otof seey kcba orsdeluh ram elg
7. 8. 9. 10 11. 12.
neke nihc seon blowe are escth
Countable or uncountable? Ex. 5
Place a (C) countable or a (U) uncountable beside the nouns.
E.g. money (C) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
people car fruit cigarette juice
6. 7. 8. 9. 10
battery money information cup sand
Ex. 6 Listen and fill in the blanks. Waiter: Colonel: Waiter: Colonel: Waiter: Colonel: Waiter: Colonel: Waiter: Colonel: Waiter: Colonel: Waiter: Colonel: Waiter: Colonel: Waiter:
Good afternoon, Sir. How are you today? I’m fine thank you. ______ see the menu? Certainly. ___________ something to drink before you order? Yes, _______ some mineral water please. Natural or sparkling? ________ sparkling. Right away.....Here you are, Sir. Are you ready to order? Well, not really. What do you recommend? _____________ try our special of the day Sir? Today we have grilled sea-bass served with wild rice and Porcini mushrooms. That sounds good but unfortunately _________ eat mushrooms because I’m allergic to them. __________ have a salad instead? Of course. ____________ to have some wine with your meal, Sir? Yes. _______ I see your wine list? Here you are. Umm. __________ a glass of French Chablis please. Will that be all, Sir? I think so. As you like, Sir.
Imperatives Ex. 7 1. 2. 3. 4.
Match the halves of the sentences.
Hurry! Have a seat. Don’t move! Watch out!
Drop your weapons and put your hands up. There’s a land-mine to your left. We’ll be late for the dinner party. I’ll be with you in a few minutes.
Clothing and uniforms Ex. 8
Match the clothing with the different parts of the body.
1. combat boots 2. trousers 3. helmet 4. tie 5. shirt 6. fatigue pants 7. belt 8. shoes 9. jacket 10.cap
neck upper body feet legs feet head head upper body waist legs
Ex. 9
Put the conversational exchanges of the dialogue.
1. I’m not so sure I’d like that. Perhaps we could see a comedy? 2. Nothing really, I have no plans. Would you like to go out somewhere? 3. Let’s go to the cinema. 4. Yes. See you later. Bye. 5. What shall we see? 6. Shall I pick you up at 7:00? 7. Why not? I enjoy a good laugh. 8. Sure. Where shall we go? 9. Hi Mike, what are you doing this evening? 10. Let’s see a horror film. I’d like to see something scary.
UNITA’ 5
Istruzioni Nella quinta unità viene introdotto il passato semplice e il passato progressivo che allargano notevolmente le capacità comunicative. Si
consiglia di prestare particolare attenzione alle regole di base riguardanti il passato dei tempi. In questa unità viene inoltre introdotto il primo esempio di tempo futuro. Negli esercizi di listening e reading abbiamo cercato di concentrare maggiormente l'attenzione su argomenti di natura politico-militare. Lo studente incontrerà inoltre alcuni dei termini più comuni del linguaggio dei "mass media". Lo studente noterà la presenza d'esercizi che ripropongono regole acquisite nelle precedenti unità. In caso di difficoltà, si consiglia di riesaminare le strutture non acquisite adeguatamente.
5
World and European Conflicts Asking for and giving information in the past Sequence of events Speaking about the future
When were you born? Listen
When were you born? Where were you born?
I was born in 1956.
I was born in 1963.
I was born in Philadelphia.
I was born in Vancouver.
Where were you born?
I was born in Hawaii.
Who was born in 1807?
Garibaldi was born in 1807.
Were they born in Italy?
Yes, they were.
Language Focus Past tense - to be
Affirmative I was you were he was she it we you were they
I you he she it we you they
Negative was were was
was were not
were
was
were
Interrogative I you he she it we you they
?
NB. La forma interrogativa si ottiene mettendo il verbo prima del soggetto secondo la regola già vista per il presente. e.g. Were you at home two days ago? ✔ He was in the barracks yesterday? ✖ NB. La forma negativa si ottiene aggiungendo" not" al verbo, come visto al presente e.g. They were not happy. He was not sick.
NB. La forma affermativa non si contrae, le forme negative contratte sono wasn’t e weren’t. e.g. I wasn’t late this morning. You weren’t on time. You were late.
Ex. 1 Fill in the gaps. 1. Was he born at home? No, he _________________ 2. Were you born in hospital? Yes, I ______________ 3. Were they born in 1961? No, they ______________
NB. “Be born” corrisponde all'italiano “nascere”. In inglese il verbo essere viene coniugato al passato. e.g. I was born in Toronto. ✔ I am born in 1953. ✖
Ex 2. Answer the questions. e.g. Was Mr. Pertini Prime Minister? No, he wasn’t.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Were you born in Italy? Was the present Pope born in Italy? In what year were you born? When was Garibaldi born?
Ex. 3 Listen to Fay Green talking and fill in the table.
Name
Date of birth
Fay Green
Ex. 4 Find the error and write the correct sentence. e.g. I were born in England. ✖ I was born in England. ✔ 1. 2. 3. 4.
Where was they born? I am born in hospital. She was born in Italy? Where does she born?
Place of birth
The Kosovo crisis (part one) Press Conference: Listen and read.
Last night NATO targeted military sites north of Pristina. All planes and crew returned safely.
Was the attack a success?
Yes, there was considerable damage to command and control centres.
Language Focus Past simple Regular verbs Affirmative I you he she it we you they
watched
a football match.
NB. Il past simple dei verbi regolari si forma aggiungendo alla forma base del verbo la desinenza “ed” per tutte le persone. In alcuni casi ci sono dei cambiamenti ortografici.
Spelling changes stop rob
stopped robbed
NB. I verbi monosillabici che terminano con una sola consonante preceduta da una sola vocale, raddoppiano la consonante finale.
travel
travelled
NB. Si raddoppia anche la consonante finale dei verbi che terminano in “l” preceduta da una sola vocale. (traveled in US)
study cry
studied cried
NB. Con i verbi terminanti con “y” preceduta da una consonante, cambiare la “y” in un “i” prima di aggiungere “ed”.
play
played
NB. Se la “y” è preceduta da una vocale si aggiunge il “ed” senza cambiamenti.
promise
promised
NB. Se il verbo termina con “e”, si aggiunge solo la “d”. e.g love - loved
Ex. 5 Write the past tense of the following verbs. e.g. call called 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
rescue carry attack decide stay
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
chat clean phone march patrol
Language Focus Pronunciation: past tense of regular verbs Listen and read.
The final ending “ ed ” may be pronounced in three different ways: 1. If the verb ends in the sound “f”, “k”, “p”, “s”, “x”, the pronunciation “ed” is “t”. e. g. work - worked like - liked 2. If the verb ends in the sound “d” or “t”, the pronunciation is “id”. e. g. start - started add - added 3. In all other cases the pronuciation is “d”. e.g. love - loved clean - cleaned
Ex. 6 Now listen and put the verbs in the correct column. “t”
“id”
“d”
Ex. 7 It’s Monday morning. Listen to Patrick speaking about his weekend. Write down the past tense verbs you hear. 1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
Language Focus Irregular verbs • Molti dei verbi usati più frequentemente sono irregolari, cioè non aggiungono la desinenza “ed, ma hanno una forma speciale per il “past simple”. Le forme devono essere apprese caso per caso
Past tense of some irregular verbs Listen and repeat. buy drink drive eat fall get up go have
bought drank drove ate fell got up went had
leave read shoot sit take think understand write
left read shot sat took thought understood wrote
Affirmative I you he she it we you they
came
to the office on time.
NB. Il passato irregolare del verbo è uguale per tutte le persone come per i verbi regolari.
Ex. 8 Listen to Rita talking about her day yesterday. Write down the irregular verbs you hear in the past tense. 1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6. •
For a more complete list of irregular verbs see end of unit.
The Kosovo crisis (part two) Press Conference: Listen and read.
Did Russia agree with the NATO attacks?
No, they said they weren't in favour of air strikes.
Did any Allied Forces die in the phase 1 air attack?
No, we had no casualties
Did Mr. Milosovic attack Macedonia?
No, he didn’t.
Language Focus Interrogative - past simple Interrogative I you he she it we you they
Did
go
for a walk?
NB. Le domande al passato si costruiscono con l'ausilare “did” davanti al soggetto. Il verbo nella forma interrogativa torna alla forma base. Questa regola è la stessa sia per i verbi regolari sia per i verbi irregolari. e .g. Did we shoot at the enemy? ✔ Did we march all day? ✔ Did we marched all day? ✖ Did we shot at the enemy? ✖ Negative I you he she it we you they
didn't
Long answers
hear
the briefing?
Short answers
Did they have breakfast at 7:00? Yes, they had breakfast at 7:00.
Did he read the paper? Yes, he did.
Did she wash the car? No, she didn’t wash the car.
Did they cook a big lunch? No, they didn't.
NB. Le risposte brevi si costruiscono con “yes / no” + pronome personale + “ did / didn't”. NB. Quando c’è “didn’t” il verbo è nella forma base come nelle frasi interrogative e.g. We didn’t fight all night. ✔ We didn’t fought all night. ✖
Ex. 9 Rewrite the sentences using the past tense form of the verbs in brackets. e.g. He (write) a letter. He wrote a letter.
1. When Hitler first (come) to power he (be) 32 years old 2. Byron (live) in England before he (move) to Italy. 3. Byron (fight) with the Carbonari. 4. Byron (die) fighting for the independence of Greece. 5. I (fall) in love with my wife in Paris. 6. Our marriage (last) 6 years then we (divorce). 7. He (drink) some whiskey. 8. Argentina (invade) the Falklands. 9. He (leave) the house early. 10.We (sleep) very well and we (be) full of energy.
_________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________
Ex. 10 Write short answers to the following questions. e.g. Did Saddam Hussein invade Syria? No, he didn’t.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Did the Nazis occupy France in the Second World War? Did Hitler’s regime persecute the Jews? Did Pinochet spend time in a London hospital in 1997? Did the U.S. Senate find Clinton guilty of high crimes? Did Pres. Nixon resign over “Watergate”? Did Pres. Clinton resign in 1997? Did the French drop the first atomic bomb? Did General Schwartzkopf lead Operation Desert Storm?
___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________
Language Focus Use of simple past When do we use the past simple ?
Adverbs of Time • • • •
yesterday last week last year 6 weeks ago
• • • •
the day before yesterday last month 5 minutes ago a long time ago
NB. Uno degli usi più frequenti del “past simple” si ha insieme ad avverbi o espressioni avverbiali come quelle sopra indicate. NB. Gli avverbi di tempo vengono posti preferibilmente alla fine oppure all’inizio della frase. e.g. He went out five minutes ago. In 55 BC Julius Caesar invaded Britain.
Ex. 11 Put the words in the correct order. e.g. General went out the ago 5 minutes. The General went out 5 minutes ago.
1. 2. 3. 4.
exercise two ago they the planned weeks last disbanded the year they regiment shot the at dawn they prisoners Saddam Hussein in invaded 1991 Kuwait
Language Focus Past Continuous List
Listen and repeat.
The patrol unit waited while the last six men were running from the helicopter.
NB. Il passato progressivo si usa per esprimere un azione in svolgimento in un certo momento del passato. e.g. This morning at 8:15 I was driving to work.
NB. Il passato progressivo è molto usato nelle descrizione e nelle narrazioni. e.g. While I was serving in Somalia, I had many interesting experiences.
NB. La struttura del passato progressivo è analoga a quella del presente progressivo, però mettendo l'ausiliare “be” al passato. e.g. I was working. You were running.
NB. Il passato progressivo si usa per esprimere un azione in svolgimento in passato interrota da un’altra azione espressa al passato semplice. e.g. They were driving at high speed when the police stopped them.
Ex. 12 Match the pictures with the sentences. a) 1. When the raft hit a rock, the men were paddling.
b) 2. When the helicopter arrived, we were waiting.
3. When the bomb exploded, the soldiers were running for cover.
c)
c.
4. When the phone rang, they were discussing a report. d)
5. When they patrolled the area, it was snowing. e)
Ex. 13
1. 2. 3. 4.
Ex. 13 Listen to Mrs. Winters' telephone conversation with her husband Andrew who is away on a business trip. Write short answers to the questions. e.g. Was Mrs. Winters frightened when she heard the noise? Yes, she was.
Was Mr. Winters working when his wife called him? Was Mrs. Winters home when the robber entered her house? Was the robber wearing light clothing? Did the police capture the the robber?
______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________
Language Focus To have Listen.
Last week Mr. Arafat had talks in Geneva with Mr. Clinton. Mr. Clinton had a bad year in 1998. The Australian Minister of Defence had a riding accident yesterday. NB. Il passato di “have” è “ had ”. Quando il verbo “have” è al passato non si mette “got”. e.g. We had a wonderful party last Saturday. ✔ I had got a shower yesterday. ✖
Did Ms. Albright have an argument with Mr. Gore? Did Nelson Mandela have dinner with Mr. Botha last night? Did the Indian Prime Minister have a meeting with the Pakistani Prime Minister? The two parties didn’t have problems reaching an agreement. Mr. Scalfaro didn’t have time to speak to the Minister of Transport. Mr. Blair didn’t have a discussion with his senior cabinet ministers. NB. Per il verbo “have” l'ausiliare per la formazione delle frasi interrogative e negative è “did”. e.g. Did we have an argument? ✔ Had we breakfast? ✖ They didn't have a good time. ✔ We hadn't a rest yesterday afternoon. ✖
Ex. 14 Form the correct question. e.g. She had her second child last year. (when) When did she have her second child? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
He had a meeting in Brussels. They had firing practice on Friday. They had steak for dinner. She had lunch with the general. We had a lot of problems last year.
(where) (when) (what) (who) (when)
Ex. 15 Listen to Larry talking about his day yesterday. Tick yes/no Yes 1.
shower
2.
cheque
3.
dinner Bob and Jean
4.
a run in the park
5.
lunch with the Commander
6.
visa card
7.
cash
No
Language Focus Before / after Sequence of events 7:15 a.m. shower
8:00 a.m. breakfast
Listen and read.
He had a shower before breakfast. He had breakfast after his shower.
having a shower. He had breakfast
after he had a shower.
finishing high school. We went to University
after we finished high school.
marrying. She joined the Air Force
before she married.
invading France. Hitler invaded Poland
before he invaded France.
NB. “Before” e “after” possono essere seguiti dal soggetto + verbo o dal verbo al gerundio. e.g. I study before going to work in the morning. I study before I go to work in the morning. I wash my hands before lunch. Possono essere anche seguiti da un sostantivo. e.g. I had a walk before lunch.
Ex. 16 Listen again to Larry talking about his day (Ex. 15) and answer the questions.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Did Larry have a shower after he woke up? Did Larry get gas before lunch? Did he talk to the commander after having lunch? Did he have a run before buying petrol? Did he run in the park before or after seeing Bob and Jean?
Ex. 17 Match the first parts of the sentence in column A with the second parts in column C. Connect them with a word in column B.
A Clean your rifle Think Mrs. Thatcher won the elections I service my car Wash the dishes The First World War was Aim
B
before after
C you finish dinner. the Second World War. target practice. you fire. the Falklands victory. you make a decision. going on holiday.
Language Focus Who?
Listen. Who wrote this?
Who did they see?
I did.
➨
They saw the Colonel.
➨
NB. Ricordate le domande con “who” . Vedete pagina 101, Unità 3. La stessa regola vale per il passato. e.g. Who wrote to him? Who did they speak to?
Ex. 18 Form the correct questions with who. e.g. Who did he write to? Who wrote to Ann?
He wrote to Ann.
1.
He spoke with the Colonel.
2.
They briefed the new recruits.
3.
She saw Pete in the Px.
4.
I helped the Major with his travel arrangements.
Quiz People and dates Ex. 19 Listen to the questions with Who? and answer them. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Who dropped the first atomic bomb? Who died in 1953? Who was the first man to orbit space? Who announced France's withdrawal from the NATO integrated military structure? 5. Who became Secretary General of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985? 6. Who died in 1963? 7. Who fought against the British in the Boer War? 8. Who invaded British territory in 1066? 9. Who died in 1965? 10. Who governed the U.K. in the eighties? 11. Who invented the telephone? 12. Who said "It's better to have two husbands of 25 than one of fifty�?
Ex. 20 Listen to the questions with When? and answer them. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
When did the Nazis first occupy Warsaw? When did German reinforcements totally destroy Polish resistance? When did the Boer War begin? When did it end? When did the Fed. Rep. of Germany become a member of NATO? When did the USSR announce its possession of the hydrogen bomb? When did China explode its first atomic bomb? When did the Czech Republic and the Republic of Slovakia become independent states? When did the Soviets suppress the Hungarian people's rebellion? When did Tony Blair come to power?
Language Focus Present Continuous as a future tense
When are you leaving? We’re leaving tomorrow.
NB. Il presente progessivo non solo viene usato per indicare un'azione in svolgimento, ma anche per indicare un’azione che avverrà in futuro. Deve essere specificato l'avverbio di tempo al futuro. e.g. My sister is arriving this evening. What are you doing after dinner?
NB. E' molto usato con i verbi “come” - “ go” - “do” - “leave” - “arrive”. e.g. She's arriving this evening. When are you leaving?
Ex. 21 Match the two halves. We're having a party tomorrow, The General is leaving at 18.00. We're flying to Brussels What are you doing this evening? Who’s coming
for a meeting next week. to the dinner tomorrow night? would you like to come? He has a NATO briefing. Nothing special. Why?
Ex. 22 Form the correct question. e.g. Where are you going tomorrow? To Milan 1.
She's seeing a lawyer next week. (who)
2.
Tomorrow afternoon we're going shopping downtown. (where)
3.
The Brigade is returning at the end of the month. (when)
Ex. 23 Indicate present progressive (now) or present progressive (future). e.g. Where's Mary? She's having a shower. Present progressive (now). 1. 2. 3. 4.
When is he arriving? At 7.30. What's he doing after the meeting? Who's making all that noise? He's sending us the parcel next week.
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________
Colonel Anderson’s Agenda Read Col. Anderson’s agenda for next week.
This is Colonel Anderson’s agenda for next week. Monday Wed. Friday Saturda
8:00 a.m.: 2:00 p.m.: 8:00 p.m.: 8:00 a.m.:
Briefing Medical checkup Dinner with General Briggs Briefing
He is attending a briefing on Monday morning. He is going to the medic for a checkup on Wednesday afternoon. He is having dinner with the General and his wife on Friday. He is giving a briefing on Saturday morning.
Ex. 24 Now listen to the conversation between Colonel Anderson and Colonel Watson and answer the questions. e.g. What is Colonel Anderson doing on Saturday morning? He is giving a briefing to his staff.
1.
What is Colonel Watson doing on Saturday morning? ________________________________
2.
Who is having dinner with the General and his wife?
3.
Is Colonel Anderson seeing his dentist on Wednesday afternoon? _________________________________
4.
Who is not playing golf on Saturday morning?
_________________________________
5
Who is not having dinner with the General and his wife?
_________________________________
_________________________________
A Study Trip Abroad
Ex. 25 A colleague is planning to go on study trip abroad soon. You ask about his plans. Use the words in brackets to form your questions.
e.g. ( Where / go?) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
( What / study?) (How long / stay?) (Where / stay?) (When / go?) (travel / bus ?)
You Where are you going?
Colleague Cardiff. English. One month. With a host family. In June. No, by plane.
Ex. 26 Now write complete sentences using the answers from above. e.g. He is going to Cardiff. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
Revision exercises
Ex. 27 Fill in the gaps with had did was were.
Catherine: Paul: Catherine:
It ______ my birthday yesterday and I _______ a party. I ______ 25. Really! Who ______ you invite? A few people from work. We _______ a lot to drink and eat. My sister made two pizzas, they _______ really good.
Ex. 28 Match the two halves.
I was crossing the road He was using the computer The teacher was helping the student The cadet was cleaning the barracks
when the course director entered. when the commander arrived. when the electrical power failed. when the accident happened.
Ex. 29 Write true answers.
1. 2. 3. 4.
Were you born when L. H. Oswald shot Kennedy? __________________________________ Were you in Somalia in 1996? __________________________________ Did your father fight in the Second World War? __________________________________ Did you go to the Warrant Officer Academy in Viterbo? __________________________________ 5. Were you good at Italian in school? __________________________________
Ex. 30 Rewrite these sentences in the negative form. e.g. The soldier asked a question. The soldier didn’t ask a question. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
The Allied Forces lost the war. The Germans invaded Britain. Julius Caesar was Spanish. The Queen of England was born in Austria. Serbian Forces shot down two stealth planes. The Berlin Wall fell in 1987. China helped Pakistan with its nuclear programme. Saddam Hussein used chemical weapons in the Gulf War. The Americans sprayed Agent Orange during the Gulf War. The CNN gave a lot of attention to Afghanistan last year. I understood the teacher. Serbia attacked Albania.
Ex. 31 Put the words in the correct order. e.g. doing at eight what o’clock were last you night? What were you doing at eight o’clock last night?
1. him shoot did they why ? _____________________________________ 2. to party didn’t them why you invite the ? _____________________________________ 3. leave when for they did Milan ? _____________________________________ 4. the tennis was heard he playing news when he _____________________________________ 5. broke slipped his he and leg _____________________________________
Ex. 32 Fill in the gaps with was were wasn’t weren’t. My friend Jean and I __________ at home last week. We _________ in the Caribbean Islands on a holiday trip. It _________ a fantastic holiday and we saw a lot of wonderful places. We _______ part of a group of young people from the “Under 30’s Club”. I _________ very happy because the beaches _________ lovely, and the weather __________ excellent. In the evenings we went round the shops, they ___________ full of tourists, but at least the prices _________ too high. We really relaxed and certainly we ________ happy to come back home and return to work!
Ex. 33 Which is correct? e.g. I went to work yesterday. ✔ I go to work yesterday. ✖ 1. a) They was at home last night. b) They were at home last night. 2. a) He read a paper yesterday. b) He reads a paper yesterday. 3. a) Who gave him that watch? b) Who did give him that watch? 4. a) I didn’t sent the letter. b) I didn’t send the letter.
Ex. 34 Form the correct question. e.g. Where did he go? He went to work.(where) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
She wrote a letter. (what) He bought a new car. (what) The M.O.D. procured new weapons. (who) We visited Angela. (who) They gave no information. (how much) The S.A.S. broke the siege. (who) The Marines landed at dawn. (when) The terrorist shot two civilians.(how many) The children played in their room. (where) The Gulf War ended in 1992. (when) The First World War started in 1914. (when) He bought the blue trousers. (which) Tony Blair came to power in 1997.(when) Bill Clinton had credibility problems. (who) Hitler persecuted the Jews. (who) That documentary was long and boring. (what) They shot down the F117. (which) We married in 1981. (when) Kennedy died in ’63. (when) The Allied Forces dropped the atomic bomb. (who)
Reporting a sequence of past events
Ex. 35 Corporal Grant is an Army vehicle mechanic. Rewrite these sentences in a logical order. Connect them with first, then, after that, finally, before.
I picked up my socket wrench. I removed the flat tire. I put a new tire on the jeep. I took out my tools. I had coffee and toast. I reported to the base vehicle depot. Yesterday I got up at 6.30.
Ex. 36 Read the following sentences and circle the object form of the personal pronouns. e.g. Sergeant, look at him!
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Let me see. I picked them up at the station. We bought it. Ann went to the press-conference with him. I didn’t see you. What did he do with it?
Events and dates
Ex. 37 Listen to these events and dates. Fill in the gaps with the verbs and dates. e.g. The Gulf War ____________ in ____________. The Gulf War started. in 1990.
1. Operation Desert Storm ___________ in ____________. 2. Mikhail Gorbachov __________General Secretary of the Communist party on__________. 3. The Japanese ___________ Pearl Harbour in _________. 4. The nuclear accident at Chernobyl Power Station __________ in __________. 5. The first women __________ the U.S. Army in ___________. 6. The Somalia “Restore Hope” Mission ___________ in __________. 7. Nato ___________ its second communications satellite in __________. 8. The “Vespri Siciliani” Operation __________ in __________. 9. Iraqi troops____________ Kuwait. 10. On ________ Lech Walesa__________ President of Poland. 11. _________Coalition Forces __________Kuwait. 12. Greek forces ___________ from the integrated military structure of NATO________.
On the field
Ex. 38 Listen and answer the questions. 1. When and at what time did they receive orders? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 2. What did each patrol member have with him? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 3. What route did they follow? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 4. What was the target destination? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 5. What time did they reach the hill? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 6. What did they observe? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 7. Who did they report to? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 8. What didn’t they find? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 9. What time did they return to the base? ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 10. What do they recommend doing? ________________________________________ ________________________________________
An accident
Ex. 39 Listen and answer the questions.
1. The accident happened on ________ at ________. 2. It involved two _________. 3. The driver of the AMV was a _______ _________. 4. The soldier was _______ __________ transporting _______ for his unit. 5. The driver of the POV was a ________ from town. 6. The driver of the POV was __________. 7. He fell _______ and he lost ________ of the car. 8. The drunk civilian didn’t have a _________ on. 9. The soldier at the _______ called an _________. 10. When the ambulance arrived the civilian was _______. 11. The soldier is in ______ _____ at the local hospital. 12. We ________ the authorities.
Ex. 40 Form the correct question. e.g. What time did it happen? The accident happened at 9:30. 1. 2. 3. 4.
The civilian caused the accident. Yes, the soldier was on duty. No, the drunk civilian wasn’t wearing a seat-belt. A soldier called an ambulance.
Canbry, Wales Ex. 41 Listen to Doug speaking to Carl, an American tourist, about the terrible incident in Canbry, Wales 1992. Answer the questions.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
When did the terrible incident happen? What type of school was it? Who entered the school? Did he commit suicide? How many children did he kill? Who called for help? What did the police and teachers do first? What state were the wounded children in? What did the police and teachers do after the ambulances took the children to hospital? 10. Is Canbry a large town?
Ex. 42 Fill in the table below using the words in the box. Write true statements. a colour TV a pocket calculator a nintendo game toy cars
a CD player a mobile phone a bike a black & white TV
records a video recorder a computer toy soldiers
When I was a child, I had
I didn’t have
The Bermuda Triangle Ex. 43
Listen to the description of the Bermuda Triangle and answer true (T) or false (F). T
1.
It is an area north west of Cuba.
2.
1,000 ships and planes disappeared before 1972.
3.
Scientists cannot explain these disappearances.
4.
The pilot reported that he saw bright lights in the distance.
The Twentieth Century Ex. 44 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Listen and write the correct date.
Operation "Pellicano" started in Operation "UNIFIL" began in War between Iran and Iraq began in President Tito of Yugoslavia died in The Chernobyl nuclear accident happened in
F
Hot spots Read the following passage taken from SHAPE news.
Bosnia The Bosnian Embassy yesterday accused the Australian government of being a safe haven for war criminals from the former Yugoslavia. The Australian Immigration Minister responded angrily saying that this was not true. He asked the Bosnia Charge d’Affaires to produce information or evidence to support this accusation. The Minister then added that they checked very carefully all immigration applications of people suspected of war crimes or crimes against humanity. Therefore, the accusations are completely false.
Ex. 45 Give short answers to the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Did the Australian government accuse the Bosnian Embassy? Did the Australian Minister say that Australia was innocent? Was the Australian Minister very calm? Does the Australian government allow all immigrants to enter their country freely?
Ex. 46 Choose the best answer a), b), c) or d). 1. a) b) c) d)
A “safe haven” means heaven a good home a secure place a good time
3. “Completely” means a) b) c) d)
in part absolutely carefully partially
2. “Evidence” means
4. “To respond” means
a) b) c) d)
a) b) c) d)
proof information details answers
to repeat to deny to add to answer
Read the following passage taken from SHAPE news.
Kosovo Anxiety is increasing as Mr. Milosovic refuses to sign a peace deal for Kosovo. At the same time NATO continues its threat of military force if he doesn’t sign. NATO Secretary General Solana said yesterday that at present NATO is considering air strikes but that no NATO country is yet ready to send in ground troops. Faced with a “vast air armada” ready to strike, Mr. Milosovic remains defiant. His strong defiance is in contrast with the KLA’s readiness to sign. The Serbian leader’s military advisers warned him that to allow NATO into Kosovo would be the beginning of the end of his ten years in power.
Ex. 47 Answer the questions according to the passage. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Who doesn’t want to sign the agreement? Is NATO pleased with Mr. Milosovic’s decision? Do NATO countries agree to send in ground troops? Is Mr. Milosovic ready to compromise? Is the Serbian leader afraid of losing his power?
Building vocabulary: Bosnia and Kosovo
Ex. 48 Match the noun on the left with the correct verb on the right. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
accusation information threat defiance deal
to defy to deal to threaten to accuse to inform
Ex. 49 Put the letters in the correct order. They are adjectives from the passages on Bosnia and Kosovo. e.g. xianuos anxious 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
dyrae fdiaent sefa uetr safle Listen and repeat this key vocabulary.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
To sign a peace deal A threat of military force Air strikes Ground troops Ready to strike War crimes Crimes against humanity A safe haven
Adolf Hitler
Hitler – The man and his life Ex. 50 Listen and answer the questions.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
When was he born? When did he die? What happened to him in the First World War? What did he do in 1919? When did he become head of propaganda in the German Worker’s party? 6. What did he condemn in “Mein Kampf?” 7. What did he turn his attention to in the midthirties? 8. When did he commit suicide? 9. What was part of his “New Order”? 10. Why did he kill himself?
Hiroshima Ex. 51 Listen and fill in the gaps. 1. The city is situated in ______ _________ Honshu. 2. U.S. Army air forces __________ the bomb. 3. The bomb _____________ most of the city. 4. It was the first city to be ____________ by an _________ __________. 5. Between _________ and _________ people died. 6. Many others __________ from _______ in the years after the bomb. 7. Reconstruction of the city ______ in the early _______. 8. The city is now an important _________and ________ centre. 9. Hiroshima is also a spiritual centre of the __________. 10.Experts began in _____________ to conduct _________ and _______ research on the ___________ of radiation.
Satellites Ex. 52 Listen to this short passage on satellites and answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4.
What do we use satellites for? In what war did we see the use of satellite communication systems? Name two American satellites. Satellites can “see” at what distance?
Read the following passage
What a day! Yesterday I had a terrible day. Everything went wrong. I didn’t hear the alarm clock, so I overslept. I rushed into the bathroom and slipped on a piece of soap in front of the shower. I fell and hit my head on the sink ! After a quick cup of coffee I left the house. The car wouldn’t start so I decided to catch a bus. Just as I was arriving at the bus stop I saw the bus turning the corner. After waiting 20 minutes I began to walk. My office is 3 km from my house , then it started to rain. I walked to work in the rain and finally I got to the office, soaking wet, at 9:20. At 9:30 my boss called me into his office. He told me he wanted me to work overtime at the weekend because we have an important project to finish. I rang my wife to tell her and she reminded me that Saturday was our wedding anniversary! I want to forget yesterday.
Ex. 53 Write long answers to the following questions. e.g. Did he call his wife? Yes, he called his wife. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Did he fall in the bathroom? Did he drink tea for breakfast? Did he miss the bus? Was the weather good? Was he early for work?
Ex. 54 Match the two halves. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
His day started badly He hit his head As he arrived at the bus stop When he arrived at the office His boss asked him
to work extra hours at the weekend. he was soaking wet. the bus was leaving. when he fell. because he didn’t hear the alarm.
Language Focus How far? How long? How far? How far is your home from your office?
It’s about 2 km.
➨
N.B. “How” si combina con “far” (lontano), per fare domande riguardanti la distanza. e.g. How far is Milan from Turin? N.B. “Far” non si usa quando viene numericamente indicata la distanza. e.g. It’s 20 km from here. ✔ It’s 20 km far from here. ✖ It's not far from here. ✔ It's not 20 km far from here. ✖
How long? How long does it take to get to work?
➨
It takes about 25 minutes.
N.B. “How long” si usa per fare domande riguardanti la durata. e.g. How long did it take the Allied forces to liberate Italy? It took…..
Ex. 55 Fill in the gaps with How far or How long. e.g. _______ ________ is it to Seattle from New York? How far is it to Seattle from New York? 1. 2. 3. 4.
is it to the station from here? was the First World War? did it take you to plan the conference? does it take him to drive to work?
The Crimean War Ex. 56 Listen and answer the questions.
1. How long did this war last?
_________________________________________
2. Who attacked the Russian artillery?
_________________________________________
3. Why was the order evidently a mistake?
_________________________________________
4. How many men died?
_________________________________________
The Boer War Ex. 57 Listen and answer the questions true (T) or false (F). T
F
1. 500,000 British troops died. 2. The War ended at the beginning of this century. 3. The War was not on British territory. 4. Both the Boers and the British had modern rifles.
The Armed Forces - The U. K. Ex. 58 Listen and match the information on the left with the correct number. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
In 1997 the strength of the armed forces was: The strength of the RAF was: The strength of the Navy was: The defence budget for 1996 was The defence budget for 1997-98 was The defence budget for 1998-99 is
46,000 112,700 57,000 £ 22,832 million £ 22,276 million £ 21,822 million
The Movies Ex. 59 Listen to Rachel and Bill talking about what they did last night. Now answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Who saw "Saving Private Ryan"? Did Rachel like this film? Who played tennis? Did Bill and Rob play tennis before going to the pub? Did Rachel see "Saving Private Ryan" at the cinema?
Ex. 60 Now listen again and number the sentences in the correct order. •
What was it like?
•
Fine. I didn't see you at the club last night. Why's that?
•
It was great, incredibly realistic. What did you do?
•
Hi, Bill! How are you?
•
Oh, Rob and I went to the pub after our tennis match. That's all. We drank too much of course.
•
Oh, I stayed at home. My sister came round with her husband and we rented a video. We saw "Saving Private Ryan".
Language Focus Phrasal verbs Listen.
When did the First World War break out?
It broke out in 1914.
How do I get to the barracks from here?
Walk straight on for 250 metres. It’s on your right.
I'm arriving at 8:15. Can you pick me up at the MilitaryAirport?
Sure, no problem!
N.B. “Break out” qui significa iniziare; “get to” – arrivare a; “pick up” – andare a prendere. Questi verbi frasali hanno questo significato in questo contesto. Rileggete la pagina 206 Unit 4.
Ex. 61 Fill in the gaps. Choose from the list below. Remember to conjugate the verb. pick up
get to
break out
1. Jim woke up at 8:30 so he _____ _____ the office late for his meeting. 2. War _______ ____ in Europe for the second time this century in 1939. 3. Dad’s coming home tomorrow! Who’s going to _______ him _____?
Ex. 62 Listen to the conversational exchanges and answer the questions.
Conversation 1 1. Did Joe’s Dad fight in the Second World War? 2. Did Joe ever meet his grandfather? 3. Who died in the Second World War?
_______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________
Conversation 2 1. Where does the man want to go? 2. Does the woman tell the man to catch a bus?
_______________________________ _______________________________
Conversation 3 1. Who is arriving at Terminal 1? 2. Can Pete pick her up?
_______________________________ _______________________________
Unit 5 - Drills
Ex. 63 Listen and form the correct questions. Then write the questions. e.g. He read a paper. What did he read? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
She wrote a letter. They caught the bus. I drank some beer. We ate some French Fries. He flew a helicopter.
e.g. He briefed the men.
Who did he brief?
6. He introduced his family. 7. They spoke with their colleagues. 8. She rang her aunt. 9. We went out with our cousins. 10. I cooked for my family.
e.g. They attacked at night. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
She drove during the day. I trained at dawn. We trained last weekend. They took off at 1800 hours. It landed in the morning.
e.g. He studied at Harvard. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
When did they attack?
They landed at Aviano. We met at headquarters. She walked to the mess. I ran to the infirmary. He took him to the commander.
Where did he study?
Ex. 63 ( cont. ) Listen and form the correct questions. Then write the questions e.g. She was born in 1939 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
I was born in 1958 He was born in 1984. They were born in 1941. She was born in 1911 It was born in summer. e.g. He’s leaving tomorrow.
26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
When was she born?
She’s arriving this evening. It’s starting next week. We’re seeing him the day after tomorrow. They’re meeting at the end of the month. I’m going next month.
When is he leaving?
Mini test Unit 5
Ex. 1 Match the verbs with the correct past tense. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
swim write wear bring sit fall read leave
fell sat swam left wrote read left brought
9. think 10. buy 11. shoot 12. fly 13. say 14. tell 15. understand 16. go
said understood thought told shot went bought flew
Ex. 2 Listen to these verbs in the infinitive. Write the past tense of the verb you hear. e.g. to drink drank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ex. 3 Form the correct question. e.g. When did they attack? They attacked at midnight. 1.
They targeted military installations last night.
2.
They lifted economic sanctions last week.
3.
Pinochet left the private clinic yesterday.
4.
Last week the UN Council voted to attack.
5
NATO began air strikes yesterday.
Ex. 4 Listen to the three news items. After each news item answer the questions.
News item one 1. 2. 3. 4.
How many men were injured? How old were they? What caused the accident? Were they on business in Portugal?
News item two 1. 2. 3. 4.
Did the man’s parachute open completely? Do we know the man’s name? How old was the man? Where did he land?
News item three 1. 2. 3. 4.
How old was the child? Who tried to save the child? How much did the cat weigh? Where did the attack happen?
Afghanistan Read the passage.
Opium in Afghanistan Afghanistan, one of the least visited places on earth, is home to the production of the deadly commodity opium and its derivative heroin. For over a decade Afghanistan was a battlefield in the cold war. More than a million people died and today the survivors in northern Afghanistan look to opium as a means to live. Their bitter harvest now supplies more than half the world’s heroin. Bad debts or a new child are the reason for yet another field of opium. Life is a vicious circle of poverty. It takes many hours of long difficult labour to produce just a kilo of opium, and the growers receive only about $10 for each kilo they harvest. The opium then begins its long journey across the border through Central Asia, into Russia and finally the West.
Ex. 5 Answer the questions. 1. How many people died in the conflicts? 2. How much heroin does Afghanistan supply to the world? 3. How much work does it take to produce a kilo of opium? 4. How much do the farmers get for 2 kilos of opium?
Ex. 6 Answer the questions true (T) or false (F). T 1.
Not many people visit Afghanistan.
2.
Approximately 50% of the world’s heroin comes from Afghanistan.
3.
Opium growers have a high standard of living.
4.
Once harvested the opium quickly reaches the west.
5.
The opium growers receive little money for their hard work.
F
Ex. 7 Listen to the telephone conversation and answer the questions a), b), c) or d), 1. Ellen didn’t go to the party because a) she had a previous engagement. b) she didn’t want to. c) she was at work. d) she didn’t feel well. 2. At the party there were a) a few people. b) more than 45 people. c) less than 45 people. d) 10 people. 3. Mark arrived at the party a) before it started. b) after it started. c) with two friends. d) after he ate a pizza. 4. The guests a) didn't like the food. b) didn't have a good time. c) all arrived late. d) danced until 2:00.
Ex. 8 Listen to the following profiles and fill in the table below. Name James Matthews Nicole Williams James Marks Marco Silvestri
Rank
Place of Birth
Current Posting
Date of enlistment
Ex. 9 Form sentences about place of birth with information from the table on page 111. e.g. Colonel Robert Smith. Colonel Robert Smith wasn't born in Germany. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Captain James Matthews ________________________. Major Marco Silvestri _________________________. Both James Matthews and Nicole Williams ___________________. Specialist Nicole Williams_____________ in Australia. Both Marco Silvestri and James Matthews____________________ in Gemany.
Ex. 10 Form questions about place of birth. Use the sentences in exercise 9. e.g. Colonel Robert Smith wasn't born in Germany. Where was Colonel Robert Smith born? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
_________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________
List of irregular verbs infinitive
past simple
past participle
infinitive
past simple
past participle
be beat become begin bend bite blow break bring build buy catch choose come cost cut deal do draw drink drive eat fall feel fight find fly forget freeze get give go have hear hide hit hold hurt keep know
was / were beat became began bent bit blew broke brought built bought caught chose came cost cut dealt did drew drank drove ate fell felt fought found flew forgot froze got gave went had heard hid hit held hurt kept knew
been beaten become begun bent bitten blown broken brought built bought caught chosen come cost cut dealt done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen felt fought found flown forgotten frozen got given gone had heard hidden hit held hurt kept known
lay leave let light lose make mean meet pay put read ride run say see sell send set shoot show shut sit sleep speak spend spread stand steal stick strike swim take teach tell think understand wake wear win write
laid left let lit lost made meant met paid put read rode ran said saw sold sent set shot showed shut sat slept spoke spent spread stood stole stuck struck swam took taught told thought understood woke wore won wrote
laid left let lit lost made meant met paid put read ridden run said seen sold sent set shot showed/shown shut sat slept spoken spent spread stood stolen stuck struck swum taken taught told thought understood woken worn won written
UNITA’ 6
Istruzioni Nella sesta unità, diversamente dalle altre, l’enfasi non sarà posta sui tempi verbali ma ad altre strutture grammaticali (avverbi, il comparativo e superlativo degli aggettivi e verbi riflessivi). Lo studente, come sempre, non dovrà concentrare l’attenzione unicamente sullo studio delle diverse strutture grammaticali, ma dovrà tener presente le loro funzioni comunicative. In questa unità lo studente imparerà la fraseologia inerente le condizioni atmosferiche e come far paragoni sia tra le persone sia tra le cose. Il testo relativo alla unità quattro, cinque e sei rappresenta una verifica importante per poter affrontare le ultime unità. L’apprendimento non consolidato delle prime sei unità precluderebbe un proficuo proseguimento.
6
Tomorrow's forecast Weather conditions Making comparisons The news
What's the weather like? Weather conditions. Listen and repeat.
It’s sunny.
It’s partly cloudy.
It’s cloudy.
It’s rainy.
It’s windy
There are thunderstorms.
There are snow flurries.
There is ice.
There is fog.
Language Focus Adjectives to describe the weather
Listen and repeat. Describing weather conditions. Today the sun is shining. It’s raining today. The wind is blowing. It’s snowing.
It’s very sunny. It’s rainy. It’s a windy day. It’s snowy. It’s cloudy. It’s a foggy morning. It’s icy. It’s a stormy day.
There’s a lot of sunshine. There’s a lot of rain. There’s a lot of wind. There’s snow on the mountains. There are many clouds in the sky. There’s lots of fog in Chicago. There’s a lot of ice on the airport runway. There’s a storm expected this evening.
Ex. 1 Look out the window and describe the weather outside today. Use the table above to help you. e.g. It’s sunny. It’s raining........ etc.
Ex. 2 Answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Name an Italian town which is very windy. Name a country which is sunny in December. Name a country where is rains a lot. Name a season which is often cloudy. Name a place where it usually snows in winter. Name a European city famous for its fog.
T......................... K........................ E.......................... A......................... S......................... L.........................
Language Focus Adjectives to describe the temperature Listen and repeat.
100° Centigrade
Temperature
It’s hot. It’s warm. It’s cool. It’s cold.
0° Centigrade It’s freezing.
Ex. 3 Insert the correct word from the list below. e.g. In the summer it’s usually hot. hot
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
warm
cool
cold
freezing
In the month of May the weather in Italy is _________ and pleasant. The winter months are _________ in Canada so people wear heavy clothing. It’s ________ in the Sahara desert and there aren’t many plants. It’s _________ in here! It’s like the North Pole. The Sardinian coast is ___________ but sunny in the month of November and it is suitable for some military training.
Weather forecast Ex. 4 Listen and read the weather forecast. Underline all of the words that describe the weather.
Tuesday, December 8
Forecast for Wednesday through Friday North America Dry and seasonably cool to chilly weather in most of the nation this week. New York will turn warmer. A few rain showers and some snow expected near the Great Lakes and Canada with cold temperatures in Toronto and Chicago. The record heat wave in the East will end. The Atlantic Ocean is calm at present. The Eastern Coast is sunny and warm but windy. The Western Coast along California is windy and cool. The Pacific Ocean is rough.
Europe Rather mild in London and Paris this week, but with heavy rain in London by Thursday. Dry in Madrid, but cold temperatures in Rome, perhaps with some showers. Athens and Istanbul will be cool and stormy, Beirut and Tel-Aviv will turn wet and cool.
Asia Turning cooler in Tokyo later this week and remaining cold in Seoul and Beijing. The entire region will be dry and sunny most of the time. Hong Kong and Taiwan will be mainly dry with average temperatures. Manila will have some showers. Singapore will be hot and humid with an occasional thunderstorm.
Language Focus Adverbs of manner Listen.
Drive slowly and carefully! Watch out for mines!
•
La maggior parte degli avverbi di modo si forma aggiungendo “ly” all’aggettivo. e.g. He’s a quick thinker. Some people are slow drivers. He thinks quickly. Some people drive slowly.
Irregular Adverbs I love fast cars! I always drive fast!
• Alcuni aggettivi sono sia aggettivi sia avverbi: fast, hard, late, early sono sia aggettivi sia avverbi. e.g. Life is hard. Mathew works hard.
They need good training. Train them well! • L’aggettivo “good” diventa “well” avverbio. e.g. You speak good English. You speak English well.
Ex. 5 Circle the correct word. e.g. He’s a careful careful / carefully driver.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
I slept bad / badly last night. I’m terrible / terribly sorry. I didn’t mean to step on your foot. He was serious / seriously injured in the accident. His English is perfect / perfectly. He was never happy / happily until they divorced. John really works hard / hardly. Please come quick / quickly! What you say isn’t clear / clearly. Speak slow / slowly and clear / clearly!
NB. “Hardly” significa malapena. e.g. He’s wounded. He can hardly walk. Speak up! I can hardly hear you.
Language Focus The comparative: short adjectives Listen and repeat. London 5° C
Moscow -13° C
London is cold but Moscow is colder than London.
Vienna 23° C
Paris 26° C
Today Vienna is warm but Paris is warmer than Vienna.
Sahara Desert 5 % humidity
Sonoma Valley 30% humidity
The Sahara Desert is drier than Sonoma Valley, California. Copenhagen average monthly rainfall 603 mm
London average monthly rainfall 799 mm
Copenhagen is wet but London is wetter than Copenhagen. NB. Il comparativo degli aggettivi brevi si forma aggiungendo il suffisso “er” all’aggettivo. e.g. Mary is tall, but John is taller than Mary.
Language Focus The comparative: spelling changes •
Il comparativo si usa per fare un paragone tra due elementi. e.g. The AR 70/90 weighs about 5 kg. The small Beretta handgun weighs about 1 kg. The AR 70/90 is heavier than the Beretta handgun.
•
Il secondo termine di paragone è introdotto da “than” che corrisponde all’italiano “di”. e.g. Pete is shorter than Tony.
•
I monosillabi terminanti in “e” aggiungono solo la lettera “r”. e.g. This restaurant is nicer than that one.
•
I monosillabi che terminano con una sola consonante preceduta da una sola vocale raddoppiano la consonante prima di aggiungere “er”. e. g. Tom is fatter than his brother.
•
I bisillabi che terminano in “y” preceduta da una conosonante cambiano la “y” in “i” prima di aggiungere “er”. e.g. London is noisier than Verona. The roads in Perugia are narrower than in Torino.
Listen and read. Milan is bigger than Cosenza. The Mississipi River is longer than the Tiber. The Empire State Building is higher than the Post Office tower in London. A Fiat 600 is slower than a Ford escort. Assisi is smaller than Perugia.
Ex. 6 Form the comparative of the adjective. e.g. small smaller 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
long big quiet sweet noisy wide
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
sad happy late high pretty red
Language Focus The comparative: long adjectives Listen.
Paris is beautiful!
Yes, but Venice is more beautiful than Paris! •
Il comparativo degli aggettivi non brevi si forma mettendo “more” davanti all’aggettivo. e.g. A Ferrari is more expensive than a Fiat 127. Listen and read.
Milan is more expensive than Rome. Japanese is more difficult than French. Sgt. Jones is more efficient than Sgt. Matthews.
Ex. 7 Form the comparative.5 e.g. difficult more difficult 1. handsome 2. harmful •
3. dangerous 4. confident
Per rafforzare o ridurre l’intensità del comparativo sia per gli aggettivi brevi or lunghi, si usa “much” e “a bit”. e.g. Tony weighs 86 kgs. Paul weighs 84 kgs. Tony is a bit heavier than Paul. Tony is 193 cm tall. Paul is 161 cm tall. Tony is much taller than Paul. Ex. 8 Listen to the questions and write the answers.
1. Is the Ferrari faster than the Fiat 500? 2. Is the Fiat 500 more comfortable than the Ferrari? 3. Is the Ferrari more expensive than the Fiat 500? 4. Is the Fiat 500 slower than the Ferrari?
Language Focus The superlative: short adjectives Listen and repeat. Los Angeles Dallas Milan Naples Nairobi
12 ° C 19 ° C 21 ° C 26 ° C 32 ° C
Dover Glascow Hong Kong San Francisco Quebec
Nairobi is the hottest city.
15 ° C 11 ° C 28 ° C 16 ° C 9°C
Quebec has the lowest temperature.
NB. Il superlativo degli aggettivi brevi si forma mettendo l’articolo determinativo “the” davanti all’aggettivo e aggiungendo il suffisso “est” all’aggettivo. •
Le variazioni ortografiche che si verificano nella formazione del superlativo sono le stesse del il comparativo. e.g. Mt. Everest is the highest mountain in the world. That is the flattest terrain. This is the cloudiest day!
Special Forces do the roughest training.
Santa Giuliana is one of the oldest monuments in Perugia.
Umbria is the greenest region in Italy.
NB. E’ molto più facile imparare a memoria i cambiamenti ortografici piuttosto che preoccuparsi delle regole. Abbiamo menzionato le regole per vostro riferimento.
Language Focus The superlative: long adjectives Listen and repeat.
English is more difficult than Russian.
•
You’re joking! Russian is the most difficult language in the world.
Il superlativo degli aggettivi non brevi si forma mettendo “the most” davanti all’aggettivo. e.g. At present, Boris Yeltsin is the most powerful man in Russia. New York is the most exciting city in the U.S. Hand-gliding is one of the most spectacular sports and it’s probably one of the most dangerous.
Anthrax is one of the most lethal chemical agents.
Language Focus Irregular comparatives and superlatives Listen and repeat. Adjective much / many good bad far
Comparative more better worse farther / further
Superlative most best worst farthest / furthest
SOCCER CHAMPIONSHIP RESULTS Coventry 3 Norwich 0 Arsenal 1 Tottenham 1 Chelsea 2 Manchester 1 Juventus 6 Inter 6
Ex. 9 Consult the soccer championship results and answer the questions.
T 1. Coventry was worse than Norwich. 2. Arsenal was not the best team. 3. Chelsea was better than Manchester. 4. Norwich wasn’t the worst team. 5. Juventus was the worst team in the Championship.
Ex. 10 Find the error and write the correct sentence. 1. 2. 3. 4.
I’m good than you at defending the goal net. He’s the worse soldier in the platoon. My English is better then yours. What’s the better restaurant in Modena?
F
Ex. 11 Listen to Elizabeth and Derrick talking about where to go on holiday. Answer the questions true (T) or false (F). T
F
1. Derrick suggests Italy as a holiday destination. 2. Elizabeth thinks Italy is cold in May. 3. It sometimes rains in London in March. 4. Spain is not more expensive than Italy. 5. They decide not to go to Italy.
Listen and repeat.
Distances San Francisco – Sausalito 13 miles San Francisco – Los Angeles 400 miles San Francisco – San Diego 630 miles San Francisco – Monterey, Mexico 770 miles
San Francisco is further from / farther from Los Angeles than San Diego. Monterey, Mexico is the farthest away / furthest away from San Francisco. San Francisco is closer to Los Angeles than to San Diego. Sausalito is the closest to San Francisco. NB. Quando facciamo riferimento a distanze possiamo usare entrambe “further” e “farther”, “furthest” e “farthest”. Pero “further” soltanto può essere usato col significato di “ulteriore”. e.g. Do you have any further information? ✔ Have you any farther questions? ✖
Ex. 12 Consult the distances in the table above and fill in the gaps. 1. San Francisco, California is ________ __________San Diego than it is from Los Angeles. 2. San Francisco is ________ _______ Los Angeles than from Sausalito. 3. The distance between San Francisco and Monterey is the _________________ distance cited in the table. 4. San Francisco is __________ __________ Sausalito than it is to Monterey, Mexico.
Language Focus As + adjective + as
Listen.
Which is faster, a car or a motorcyle?
Actually, a motorcycle is as fast as a car.
NB. Il comparativo di uguaglianza si fa mettendo “as” davanti all’aggettivo seguito di nuovo da “as”. e.g. He’s as intelligent as his brother. She’s as tall as him.
Is a backpack as heavy as a duffle bag?
No, usually a backpack is not as heavy as a duffle bag.
NB. Nella forma negativa si usa sia “as + aggettivo + as” che “so + aggettivo + as”. e.g. It’s not as interesting as that film. An A 109 is not as big as a CH47. He’s not so tall as his sister. An AB 206 isn’t so big as an AB 205.
Ex. 13 Form sentences with “as + adjective + as” using the following key words. e.g. Ancona / large / Turin. Is Ancona as large as Turin? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
CH 47 / expensive / Stealth ? Navy / important / Air Force. Florence / sunny / Naples ? Norway / big / China. land mines / dangerous / hand grenades?
Language Focus Get + adjective
We have a lot to do. Let’s get organized! OK men, let’s get ready!
Ex. 14 Insert the correct adjective. Choose from the list below. light
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
upset
drunk
worried
tired
hot
wet
fat
dark
angry
At about 5 in the afternoon, in winter, it gets ____________. If you eat too much, you get ____________. On guard duty, soldiers often get _____________. If you drink without eating you get ____________. You get a bit _____________ if your car has mechanical difficulties. At dawn the sky gets _____________. When a soldier doesn’t follow orders, his C.O. gets ______________. When he heard about his transfer to Anchorage, Alaska he got very ________________. The air conditioning broke down and the room got ___________________. When you go out in the rain, you get ________________________.
NB. “Get” + aggettivo è molto comune nella lingua parlata, sopratutto in contesti informali.
Quiz Ex. 15 Listen and write the answers to the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
What’s the biggest island in the world? What is the deepest ocean? Who is the most famous English dramatist in history? Which country has the biggest Army in the world? What church has the biggest dome in the world? Where is the second biggest dome? Name the most important British statesman during World War II. Where can you eat the best pizza in the world? What’s the smallest country in Europe? What’s the biggest lake in Italy? Name the highest mountain in the world? What’s the longest river in the world? What’s the hottest place in the U.S.? What’s the highest building in the U.S.? What’s the longest river in the U.S.? Is Australia as big as Iceland?
EXAM MARKS
Ex. 16 Look at the table and answer the questions.
Name Lt. Coe Lt. Jenks Lt. Ott
Tactics 42 % 65 % 88 %
1. Did Lt.Coe make more mistakes in the Tactics exam than Lt. Jenks? 2. Is Lt. Ott better than Lt. Coe at Tactics? 3. Who is the worst student at Tactics? 4. Who is the best student? 5. Is Lt. Jenks worse than Lt. Coe at Logistics? Ex. 17 Listen to the three speakers - who or what are they talking about? 1. 2. 3.
Logistics 56 % 70 % 92 %
Armies and equipment
The U.S. military / The Iraqi military Ex. 18 Listen and read, then tick the sentences true (T) or false (F). In 1980, under the leadership of Saddam Hussein, Iraq launched an expensive and inconclusive war with Iran. The eight-year war put Iraq $80 billion in debt. Seeking economic gain, Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in August 1990. The United Nations authorized the use of force to remove Iraqi troops from Kuwait. In early 1991, a coalition led by the United States forced Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait. This military confrontation is known as the Gulf War. Many differences exist between the Iraqi military and the American military. The Iraqi military has conscripts while the American military does not. The Iraqi military is not as well trained as the American military, however the Iraqi Republican Guard is as professional as the U.S. Army. The American military has more sophisticated weapons than the Iraqi force. After the Gulf war, Iraq experienced domestic and international problems and Saddam Hussein was politically weaker.
T 1. The Iraqi military invaded Iran in 1990. 2. The Iraq-Iran war lasted eight years. 3. The U.S. military has more conscripts than the Iraqi military. 4. The U.S. military has more sophisticated weapons than the Iraqi military. 5. The Iraqi military is not better trained than the U.S. military. 6. The Iraqi Republican Guard is not as professional as the U.S. Army. 7. The United Nations authorized the use of force against Iraq. 8. Saddam Hussein was politically weaker after the Gulf War.
F
The weather forecast INTERNATIONAL WEATHER FORECAST Amsterdam Buenos Aires Chicago Hong Kong Madrid Toronto Vienna Florence Legend
TODAY TOMORROW High Low High Low 6 6 sn 7 5 r 26 14 pc 27 21 s 3 -3 sf 3 -4 t 21 15 pc 19 15 pc 9 1 pc 12 3 pc 4 -7 c 3 -1 s -4 -7 sf -2 -4 pc 10 5 c 11 8 r s – sunny; pc – partly cloudy; c – cloudy; sh – showers; r –rain; t – thunderstorms; sf – snow flurries; sn – snow;
Ex. 19 Look at the weather forecast and answer the questions true (T) or false (F).
T 1. Today the weather in Buenos Aires is hotter than in Madrid. 2. The temperature will be warmer in Toronto tomorrow. 3. It is colder in Vienna than in Chicago. 4. It will be cooler in Hong Kong tomorrow. 5. The temperature is higher in Chicago than in Amsterdam. 6. It’s colder in Madrid than in Hong Kong but not as cold as in Toronto.
Ex. 20 Find the error and write the correct sentence. e.g. He’s more lively than his sister. He’s livelier than his sister. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
That was the most amusing than the last film we saw. This red apple is more sweet than the green apple. He was the more enthusiastic student in the group. I can’t run as fast than my sister. Who’s the worse student in the class? Concorde is the most fast passenger plane in the world. Cambridge is one of oldest universities in the world. Who is the most rich woman in England? She’s more older than she looks. He’s the wealthyest man in Canada.
F
Who is this man? Ex. 21 Listen to the description and list the adjectives used to describe the man. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Who is he?
What country is this? Ex. 22 Listen to the description of this country and answer the questions.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Where is this country situated? What is the language spoken here? What is the monetary unit? What‘s the population of its capital? What is the name of this country?
Scottish Independence
N
ATLANTIC ORKNEY
OCEAN
Kirkwall
Pentland
Firth
ch
Stornoway
Min
S
No rth
WESTERN ISLES
R
O
T
E
A
H
e Min
ch
Ex. 23 Listen to Iain Mc Dermish speak on behalf of Scottish Independence. Then answer the questions.
N
HIGHLAND
Littl
Inverness Ne
ch
ss
GRAMPIAN Aberdeen
L.
Eri cht
Lo
TAYSIDE Dundee L.
Tay
Cupar Firth of
FIFE
CENTRAL
Lorne
L. ond Lom
Stirling
Firt
h of
Fort
h
Edinburgh
LOTHIAN
Glasgow STRATHCLYDE
BORDERS N
Firth of Clyde
th or Cha nn el
SCOTLAND 0
15 0
30 15
Regional Centers -
1. 2. 3. 4.
What does the Scottish Nationalist Party want? What do they want to control? How does he describe the men who fought for Scotland’s freedom in the past? What quality do Scottish people possess to help them in their fight for independence?
30
Newtown St. Boswells
DUMFRIES & GALLOWAY
Dumfries
ENGLAND 60 MI.
60 KM.
Capital -
Fir Sol
way
th
Vietnam Ex. 24 Listen and read the passage on the Vietnam War. Then answer the questions.
The War in Vietnam “Vietnam� was fought to stop communist North Vietnam from uniting North and South Vietnam under their leadership. After 1965 the U.S. involvement in the war escalated rapidly. They became more involved: 1) to maintain the independence of South Vietnam and 2) to ensure credibility in the eyes of their allies who depended on their help to resist communist aggression or subversion. By the end of 1965, 180,000 Americans were serving in South Vietnam under the command of General Westmoreland. In 1967 troop strength was 389,000. At this point in time sentiment against U.S. participation was growing. Peace marches, demonstrations, and acts of civil disobedience became more and more frequent. Politicians and ordinary citizens began to question U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Many people believed it was not morally justifiable to send draftees to fight in what was for many another country’s civil war.
1. When did the U.S. become more involved in Vietnam? 2. What did the U.S. want to resist? 3. How did people show their disapproval of U.S. involvement in Vietnam? 4. In this period, was the U.S. Army a professional volunteer force only?
Ex. 25 Listen and read. Then answer the questions.
Weapons and Tactics In the Vietnam War, the U.S. Army had more sophisticated weapons and equipment than their enemy. They had superior fire power and used helicopters for the rapid deployment of men and arms. Despite this, they could not eradicate the skillful and determined insurgents – the Viet Cong – who depended on stealth, concealment, surprise attacks and ambushes. It was a long, bloody, protracted war, the legacy of which still lives on with the American public and the U.S. Military.
1. 2. 3. 4.
The U.S. Army had more ___________ weapons and ____________. They had superior ____________. They used ____________ for rapid __________ of men and arms. They could not eradicate the _____________ and _____________ insurgents. The Viet Cong depended on _______________ , _______________ , _______________ , and ______________.
Ex. 26 Now listen to further information on Vietnam and answer the questions. 1. How many troops were in Vietnam in 1969? 2. When the U.S. decided to leave Vietnam, what did they promise to provide Vietnam with? 3. When the Americans withdrew, who took on military responsibility? 4. How many American soldiers died? 5. How many Americans were wounded? 6. How many Vietnamese and Viet Cong died? 7. What was Vietnam like at the end of the War?
Language Focus Question tags Listen and repeat. It’s a fantastic car, isn’t it?
Yes, it is!
You aren’t in the Army, are you?
No, I’m not.
•
Question tags corrispondono all’italiano “è vero?” o “non è vero?”. Se la frase è affermativa, la “question tag” è negativa e contiene il verbo ausiliare appropriato per la frase + il pronome personale. e.g He’s Italian, isn’t he? She works for the Army, doesn’t she?
•
Se la frase è negativa, la question tag è positiva. e.g. You don’t speak Russian, do you? They can’t come, can they?
•
Ricordiamo che, diversamente dall’italiano, in inlgese le “question tags” sono di uso frequente.
NB. Se la frase principale è costruita con “Let’s....” la “question tag” sarà con “shall....”. e.g. Let’s have a beer, shall we?
Ex. 27 Complete the sentences with the correct question tag. e.g. She isn’t French, ___________? She isn’t French, is she? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
They aren’t German, She can’t play the piano, He has a beard, You didn’t go to Rome, He was at home, They ate lunch, We were at work, He’s an N.C.O., You can swim, He’s an artist,
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
General Montgomery Ex. 28 Listen to this description of General Montgomery by retired General Russell Smith and then answer the following questions.
1. Was Montgomery (Monty) older than General Russell Smith? 2. Did Monty think careful planning was more important than immediate action? 3. Who is going to speak at the dinner in honour of Monty? 4. What did Monty always insist on? 5. Did Monty get on very well with Eisenhower?
Ex. 29 Vocabulary check. Now listen again and choose the best answer a), b), c) or d). 1. A “close friend” is a) a good friend. b) a casual acquaintance. c) somebody who lives near you. d) always a colleague.
3. A man with “courage” is a) clever b) brave c) fearful d) important
2. The word “outstanding” means a) exaggerated. b) famous. c) excellent. d) obvious.
4. In the expression “a thorough strategist”, the word “thorough” means a) thoughtful. b) good. c) fast. d) meticulous.
Ex. 30 Vocabulary building. Listen to the recording again and fill in the gaps with the correct noun or adjective. NOUN
ADJECTIVE courageous
bravery ready popularity safe caution
Ex. 31 Write true answers to the following questions. e.g. You’re in the Army, aren’t you? Yes, I am. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
You speak Italian, don’t you? You haven’t got six children, have you? Mandela isn’t the President of Kenya, is he? Hitler lost the war, didn’t he? Stalin was Russian, wasn’t he? The U.S. is a powerful country, isn’t it? You don’t speak Russian, do you? You don’t go to the firing range three times a day, do you?
The news
Ex. 32 Listen to the four news items. Then answer the questions true (T) or false (F). News item 1
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
1. The police didn’t shoot the four men. 2. Nobody saw the men rob the bank. 3. The men didn’t manage to escape. 4. Nobody was hurt. News item 2 1. Fire personnel were wounded. 2. The Army is helping to put out the fire. 3. People are leaving their holiday homes. News item 3 1. It wasn’t a bad shock. 2. We don’t have any information about casualties. News item 4 1. The football match wasn’t in Norwich. 2. The two fans had guns. 3. The deaths occurred at the stadium.
Ex. 33 Circle 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
the inappropriate word.
biscuit tea wine water biscuit milk beer big importance small fast fat thin yesterday now always tomorrow last week wet cold sunny cloudy snow dry windy foot hurt knee nose mouth ear leg mother-in-law stepfather uncle aunt baby cauliflower peas tomatoes chicken spinach tennis squash basketball chess baseball speak writing running shooting eating bought wrote saw built listened ran
Language Focus Phrasal verbs
Listen and repeat.
Why didn’t he come swimming with us?
He gave up swimming because of his bad ear.
Why didn’t they come on holiday together?
They broke up last month.
How can I save more money?
Cut down on entertainment expenses!
NB. “Give up” significa rinunciare / smettere. “Break up” significa lasciarsi / dividersi. “Cut down” in questo contesto significa ridurre / diminuire.
Ex. 34 Listen to John speaking to his doctor Larry and answer the questions true (T) or false (F).
T 1. We know the doctor is a heavy smoker. 2. John smokes more than a pack of cigarettes a day. 3. John is upset because of personal problems. 4. The doctor wants him to reduce the number of cigarettes he smokes. 5. John intends to stop smoking now.
Ex. 35 Write the phrasal verbs (infinitive form) used in this conversation. 1. 2. 3.
Ex. 36 Insert the correct phrasal verb into the gaps. Choose from the list below. Put the verbs in the correct tense. e.g. The man got off the train two hours ago. break out
cut down
give up
break up
get off
1. If you are under stress, ________ ________ on the hours you work. 2. Deidre left Fred last year. They ________ ________ because of his drinking problem. 3. If you want to ________ ________ sugar in your coffee, use artificial sweetener. 4. Let’s ________ ________ here, this stop is closest to the station. 5. He wasn’t born when the First World War ________ ________.
F
Language Focus Infinitives •
We use the infinitive after some adjectives. e.g. Pleased to meet you. Ex. 37 Match the two halves of the sentences.
1. 2. 3. 4. •
It’s expensive It’s impossible It can be dangerous It’s very stressful
to drive in the snow. to sit an exam. to travel. to cut with a blunt knife.
We use infinitives to express a purpose. e.g. I come here to study. ✔ I come here for to study. ✖
Ex. 38 Fill in the gaps with the correct verbs from the list below. to improve 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
to cordon off
to look after
to protect
to defend
He joined the Army __________ ___________ his country. The U.N. sent troops ___________ ___________ the refugees. The doctor was in the war zone __________ __________ __________ the wounded. I did a course __________ __________ my language skills. The police gave orders __________ ___________ ___________ the area. Ex. 39 Listen to Lorenzo Mandelez give his personal opinion of Fidel Castro. Fill in the gaps with the correct words.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Fidel Castro is the leader of a ___________ regime. The people are not ____________. He ____________ the opposition. He ____________ his enemies. The people witness the violation of ___________ ___________. Nothing was ___________ after the Pope’s visit. Every day people __________ trying __________ ___________.
Ex. 40 Answer the following questions true (T) or false (F).
T 1. The man has an unfavourable opinion of his leader. 2. Cubans are free to come and go as they want. 3. The Pope’s visit did not lead to great changes in the regime.
F
Language Focus Homonyms / homophones Homonyms
Mrs. Angela Wright is a pleasant woman with short fair hair.
Sara’s a good athlete. She’s got a fair chance to win.
NB. Gli “homonyms” sono parole che si scrivono e pronunciano nella stesssa maniera ma hanno significati diversi. e.g. Let’s sit on the river bank for our picnic. Excuse me, is there a bank near here?
Listen and read. 1. Private Mathews is not in the barracks today, he’s on leave. What time do you leave home in the morning? 2. My arms ache. I loaded two trucks yesterday. The banning of anti-personnel mines is a priority on the arms agenda. 3. I need a saw to cut this wood. I saw your sister three days ago.
Homophones
We love the rain!
My reign is not over yet!
NB. Gli “homophones” sono parole che si pronunciano nella stessa maniera ma si scrivono diversamente e hanno significati diversi. e.g. When did the war end? I wore my dress uniform to the ceremony.
Listen and read. 1. Go up the stairs. The Recruitment Office is on your right. Nigel is so rude. He stares at all the women! 2. There’s a hole in the back of your trousers. The whole platoon got outstanding results. 3. I need a new pair of shoes. You can have an apple or a pear.
Ex. 41 Listen and write the word you hear. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
way / through piece / wear / write /
weigh / threw peace where right
Ex. 42 Match the two halves of the sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
The CO told the soldiers not His trousers have The platoon Thieves, by definition Drive straight ahead and then Steel is
a useful metal. turn left at the traffic light. steal things. to waste drinking water. left for a map reading exercise. waist size 52.
Ex. 43 Fill in the gaps with the correct words from the list below. bank
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
reign
right
threw
way
The baseball player ____________ the ball to the outfield. Excuse me, which _____________ for the station please? They found the fossils on the river _____________. Go straight ahead along this street and then turn __________ at the traffic light. How long was Queen Victoria’s ______________?
Language Focus To say / to tell
Could you tell me your phone number please?
People say it always rains in England.
•
Yes, it’s 612 – 843081.
Well, it does!
Entrambi i verbi “to say” e “to tell” significano “dire” ma ci sono delle differenze nell’uso.
Listen to the examples with “to say” and “to tell”. To tell The T.I. tells the soldiers when to line up. Can you tell me the time, please? W.O. Morgan told his superior officer about the accident. Who told you that? To say My father always says charity begins at home. Shakespeare said: “All the world is a stage”. They are saying goodbye to their colleagues.
NB. Si usa “tell” quando è indicata la persona alla quale viene detto qualcosa. “Tell” ha anche il significato di raccontare. e.g Tell the soldier to move the truck. Tell me all about your holiday.
NB. Si usa “say” quando non è indicata la persona alla quale viene detto qualcosa. Nel discorso indiretto la congiunzione “that” può essere omessa. e.g. People say Japan is expensive. He says (that) he is leaving tomorrow.
Language Focus Reflexive verbs •
In inglese l’infinito dei verbi riflessivi è seguito dal pronome riflessive impersonale “oneself”. e.g. to enjoy oneself
•
Nella coniugazione del verbo i pronomi riflessivi concordano con il soggetto. I you he she it we you they
enjoy
enjoys
enjoy
myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
•
I verbi riflessivi in inglese sono meno numerosi che in italiano. Vanno appresi man mano che si incontrano. to burn oneself to control oneself to hurt oneself to help oneself to
•
Con alcuni verbi il pronome riflessivo è facoltativo, ad esempio:
to prepare (oneself) to wash (oneself) to shave (oneself)
e.g. He shaves (himself) every morning. The young man prepared (himself) for the job interview.
Ex. 44 Insert the correct reflexive pronoun. e.g. I didn’t wash __________ because there was no water. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
myself
How did he hurt _____________? She helped _____________ to a drink and then sat down. The soldiers prepared ______________ for the mission abroad. The worker burnt _____________ while using a welding torch. Sometimes it is difficult to control _____________ when we are angry.
STRIKE! Listen and read.
Romanian Coal Miners on Strike Yesterday, approximately ten thousand Romanian Coal Miners headed for Bucharest. They are demanding a pay increase of 35%. This is the second week of their strike. Last week a court declared the strike illegal but the miners have refused to return to work, adding that they also want the government to re-open the two mines which were closed last month. The country’s President, Prime Minister and the Army’s Chief of Staff are to meet to discuss possible deployment of Army troops against strikers if the police fail to halt their advance on the capital. Once again the country’s fragile democracy and weak economy are in crisis.
Ex. 45 Vocabulary check. Choose the best answer a), b), c) or d). 1. “To head for” means a) to go into. b) to visit. c) to go towards. d) to avoid.
2. The words “pay increase” mean a) better facilities. b) more rights. c) less money. d) more money.
3. “To demand” means a) to need urgently. b) to request strongly. c) to think about. d) to refuse categorically.
4. The definition of the word "mine" is a) in my possession. b) a water or land explosive. c) where you extract minerals. d) all three of the above.
Ex. 46 Fill in the gaps with the correct word from the passage. 1. 2. 3. 4.
If something is not permitted by law, it is ______________. When people meet to talk about situations or events, they _____________ the problem. If you aren’t successful, it means you _____________. If something is delicate or precarious, it is _______________.
Ex. 47 Answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4.
What do the miners want? What did the court declare? What did the government do last month? What is the task of the police?
Liaison, negotiation and mediation Listen and read.
Negotiation, mediation and diplomatic activities are the concern of governments and experienced diplomats. Mediation and negotiation involve political considerations more than military issues. Peace-Keeping Operations often deal with the de-escalation of both small scale and large scale military confrontations. United Nations Peace-Keeping Operations are prepared and organized to deal with both civilian and military aspects. Liaison Officers, Military Observers, civilian police and officers in UN units are involved in the organization and the implementation of the Peace-Keeping Operations. Peace-Keeping Operations include activities such as border patrol, arms control and food and medicine distribution. The Military Observer mediates and negotiates civilian and military restrictions and limitations. During negotiations, the Military Observer’s behaviour is important. He must always: maintain dignity and politeness during negotiations remain respectful towards all parties agree on location, date, and content for the next meeting. (Taken from the UN Military Observers Handbook)
Ex. 48 Vocabulary check. Read the passage again and answer the questions a), b), c) or d). 1. The expression “small scale” means a) small balance. b) small size. c) exterior of a small fish or reptile. d) low position.
2.
The phrasal verb “to deal with” means a) to distribute. b) to involve or to manage. c) to get together. d) to speak with.
3. The term “de-escalation” refers to a) the decrease or reduction of something. b) the increase of something. c) low prosperity. d) high prosperity.
4.
The word “behavior” means a) existence. b) past history. c) equipment. d) comportment.
Ex. 49 Fill in the gaps. 1. UN Peace-Keeping Operations deal with civilian and ___________ aspects. 2. Both ____________ Officers and Military _____________ are employed in Peace-Keeping Operations. 3. Negotiations and mediations are the concern of governments and _____________ diplomats. 4. Peace-Keeping Operations deal with the de-escalation of ___________ scale and large ________ military confrontations. 5. Before concluding a meeting, it is necessary to agree on the ____________, ____________ and ___________ for the next meeting.
Ex. 50 Crossword puzzle. Fill in the words or acronyms according to the indications.
ACROSS 1. arms 2. Main Battle Tank 3 an important UN operation 4. Military ______ 5. Prisoner of War
2. 1. 1.
DOWN
3. 2. 4. -
3.
5. 4.
5.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
increase (noun) not a draftee ______ Officer type of mask combat rations or Meals Ready to Eat
Liaison, negotiation and mediation Listen and read.
The negotiation plan usually deals with: Identification and isolation of areas of dispute Prevention of escalation Down-scaling or decrease of differences Resolution of dispute The negotiation and mediation topics are usually the following: POW exchange Repatriation of war-dead Definition of cease-fire lines Possible areas of limitation Separation of opposing forces Administration of the area between the opposing forces Freedom of movement Traffic in and out of the AOS (Area of Separation) Exploitation of natural resources and infrastructures Refugees and displaced persons Communication between UN and the parties (Taken from the UN Military Observers Handbook)
Ex. 51 Listen to six possible negotiation topics and fill in the missing words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Definition of ________________ _____________ lines. Separation of ________________ ______________. Traffic ___________ __________ ____________ of the AOS (Area of Separation). ___________________ and displaced persons. Exploitation of natural resources and _____________________. POW ____________________.
Ex. 52 Listen and read the following passage. Listen again to the passage and fill in the gaps.
Peace Support Operations Peace Keeping is a common term ___________ various activities involved in preventing escalation of conflict, preventing _____________ actions, enforcing law and order in a conflict ______________, conducting _____________ actions, restoring social and ______________ institutions and restoring basic living conditions for ______________. Peace Keeping Operations are always ________________ under a _______________ mandate.
Drills - Unit 5
Ex. 53 Listen to the affirmative phrase and then write the appropriate question. e.g. It’s wet. Is it wet? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
It’s windy. It’s foggy. It’s sunny. It’s hot. It’s humid. e.g. Mary is the fastest. Who is the fastest?
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Major Lee is the tallest. Greg is the slowest. Col. Green is the oldest. Miss Fry is the youngest. That man is the loudest. e.g. The General is the most demanding.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Staff Sergeant Jones is the most efficient. Prof. Jameson is the most interesting. Mr. Smith is the most diplomatic. Mrs. Weedon is the most reliable. Major Fuller is the most competent. e.g. You like your job.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
You like your job, don’t you?
He’s in the Army. They stayed at home. You can drive a truck. She read the instruction manual. It’s starting tomorrow evening. e.g. He doesn’t drive.
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
Who is the most demanding?
He doesn’t drive, does he?
They’re not Hungarian. We can’t smoke. She didn’t shoot him. They aren’t N.C.O.s. He didn’t point his rifle at them.
e.g. The CH 47 is heavier than the AB 206 helicopter. Is the CH 47 heavier than the AB 206? 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
Jacob is taller than Bob. Major Walton is faster than the Colonel. Linda is prettier than her sister. The Captain is shorter than the Lieutenant. Mr. Smith’s truck is slower than yours. e.g. Yes, they enjoyed themselves.
31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
Did they enjoy themselves?
Yes, he burnt himself. No, she didn’t hurt herself. Yes, it licked itself. Yes, I washed myself. No, we didn’t prepare ourselves. e.g. The First World War broke out in 1914. When did the First World War break out?
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
She gave up jogging two months ago. We got off the train at 18.30. He looked at the paper before going to bed. They broke up in 1971. The Rescue Unit looked after the injured man yesterday.
Test Units 4 to 6
Ex. 1 Choose the correct answer a), b), c) or d). 1. You don’t look well. Why don’t you a) break out? b) seeing a doctor? c) look for? d) go and lie down? 2. Do you understand Japanese? a) No, I’m not. b) Yes, I do. c) Yes, I can. d) No, I doesn’t. 3. Where was she born? a) In a hospital. b) At London. c) On 17th August. d) At house.
4. Shall we call Mandy? a) Yes, we can. b) Yes, we call her. c) Good idea! d) No, we don’t call her. 5. Where did he go? a) In the centre. b) No, he didn’t. c) From London. d) To the station. 6. Can she swim? a) Yes, she cans. b) No, she doesn’t. c) Yes, she can. d) No, she isn’t.
Ex. 2 Complete with the correct question tag. e.g. He’s French, ___________? He’s French isn’t he? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
He doesn’t love her, It’s enormous, She was tired, They don’t do translations, He read the paper, She can’t carry heavy weights,
? ? ? ? ? ?
Ex. 3 Find the errors in the following letter. Dear Ian, How is you? I arrived here two weeks ago for to study english. I stay with a family nice. They have two childs. Mr. Green is teacher and his wife is a artist. English people is very kind but they speak very quick. At the morning I go at school, my teachers names Betty, she don’t give we much homeworks, so I have a lot of free time. Why you don’t come to visit me? Last night we had got a party at school, it was very interesting and I made any new friends. Tomorrow afternoon I go to visit a castle on the coast and in the evening there’s a disco. Come and visit soon, Best regards, Raul
Ex. 4 Listen and write the irregular verbs you hear. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ex. 5 Now insert the correct verbs into the gaps. 1. The children went to live in the country when the war __________. 2. I __________ your presentation was excellent. 3. My uncle __________ helicopters in the Vietnam war. 4. It was so difficult I __________ nothing. 5. The sniper __________ the man. 6. The prisoner __________ towards the truck. 7. I __________ late, so I missed the meeting. 8. They __________ three bottles of whisky. 9. She __________ her lunch before going out. 10. The President __________a speech about the problems of international terrorism.
Ex. 6 Write the homophones for the following words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
meat hour son sea two
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
meet
their write knows buy for
Ex. 7 Listen to Roger and Carla talking about where to go on holiday. Answer the questions true (T) or false (F).
T
F
1. Carla doesn’t like cold weather. 2. Carla doesn’t think January is the best time to go skiing. 3. Carla didn’t decide last year’s holiday location. 4. Last year they went skiing. 5. Carla says Roger can decide where they go.
Ex. 8 Fill in the gaps with the correct word. Choose from the list below. clouds 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
snowing
thunder
weather
sunny
sun
wind
lightning
slippery
Yesterday the _______________ was awful. It rained all day! Be careful! It’s raining hard and the roads are very _______________. I want to sit in the garden, it’s so hot and ____________. We can’t ski today because it’s ________________ . Look at those _____________! It looks like rain! Wear your hat and scarf, there’s a cold __________ today. Never lie in the ____________ at midday, it’s bad for your skin. There was a terrible storm last night, did you hear the_____________ and ____________ ?
Ex. 9 Listen to David describing the accident he saw last week end. As you listen fill in the missing words. Well, it was _____________ morning and I was jogging along Main __________. I think it was about 10.30. Suddenly a big red __________ came along very __________ and turned left at the ___________ light which was red. He didn’t stop. He missed the __________ car coming from the right but hit a sports car coming from the left. I ____________ ran to see what I could do and then I called the __________ on my ____________ phone. An ambulance arrived about ten minutes later. The truck driver had minor injuries but I think the driver of the sports car was _________ injured.
Ex. 10 Insert say / tell. Remember to conjugate the verbs. e.g. He_______ me why he was late. He told me why he was late. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Jane _________ she was very tired. I ___________ her she looked very pretty. No ground troops! Who _________ you that? What did she __________? Nothing.
Ex. 11 Match the two halves. 1. 2. 3. 4.
I go to the bank He went to the firing range They went to the butcher She goes to a travel agent
to book a holiday. to cash a cheque. to improve his shooting. to buy some meat.
Ex. 12 Answer the questions. 1. It’s a nationality. It begins with the letter ‘H’. 2. It’s the rank after Major. 3. It’s the rank just before Major. 4. It’s what you wear when you’re training. 5. Every soldier carries this. 6. It’s the hottest season in Italy. 7. It’s the coldest season in Italy. 8. It’s the shortest month of the year. 9. It’s the superlative of ‘bad’. 10. It’s the comparative of ‘good’. 11. It’s the adverb of ‘good’. 12. It’s the gerund of run. 13. It’s the opposite of interesting. 14. It’s the opposite of wide. 15. It’s the past tense of cut. 16. You open this to speak. 17. You see with them. 18. You hear with them. 19. It’s where you wear your watch. 20. He’s the person who designs bridges.
UNITA’ 7
Istruzioni Nella settima unitĂ vengono introdotti i due tempi verbali "going to" e "will", per esprimere il futuro, insieme alle frasi condizionali del primo tipo. Saranno inoltre presentati i cosiddetti verbi modali. Si consiglia di prestare particolare attenzione a tali strutture, concentrandosi sulle loro diverse funzioni comunicative. Si fa presente che ulteriori approfondimenti sulle suddette strutture, verranno impartiti successivamente. Per quanto riguarda il lessico, si tratterĂ l'uso degli acronimi e la fraseologia di base inerente l'automobile.
7
Nato Talking about the future Describing organizations Expressing obligation Giving advice
The news Listen and read.
UN secretary will meet alliance leaders tomorrow
Eurofighter will replace Tornado
The President will not resign from office
Refugees will return to their land
Air strikes will begin at dusk
Transport union will end t ik
Government will increase pensions
Language Focus The future tense (will) Affirmative I You He She will tell It ('ll) We You They • •
Negative I You He She It We You They
will not (won't)
Interrogative I you he tell Will she tell ? it we you they
Long answers Will he go to the meeting? Yes, he'll go to the meeting. No, he won't go to the meeting. Short answers Will you come? No, I won't. Yes, I will.
"Will" si contrae in "'ll" e.g. I'll help you ( I will help you) . "Will not" si contrae in "won’t". e.g. I won't be free ( I will not be free). Con "I" e "We" si può usare "shall" al posto di "will" nella forma affermativa. Non si usa "shall" con "he", "she", "it", "you", "they" nella forma affermativa. Si consiglia di non preoccuparsi sull'uso di "shall" al posto di "will" ma di ricordare bene l'uso di "Shall I"? or "Shall we?" per suggerimenti. (Unità 4 - pagina 166). Ex. 1 Form the correct question. e.g. Where will he go? He’ll go to school. (where)
1. 2. 3. 4.
She’ll speak to them. (who) He’ll play football the day after tomorrow. (when) They’ll have dinner at 8.30. (what time) They’ll leave from Fiumicino. (where) Ex. 2 Now write the negative form of the above sentences.
1. 2. 3. 4. Ex. 3 Put the words in the correct order. e.g. accept Nato their will decision? Will Nato accept their decision? 1. 2. 3. 4.
Intervene will immediately Nato not crisis effort make every will resolve to the Nato join the future in will Nato Lithuania? U.S. Naples President AFSOUTH visit the will in Ex. 4 Listen and write the sentences you hear.
News flashes Ex. 5 Listen to these news flashes. Answer true (T) or false (F). News item 1 T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
a) Mr. Bloom will arrive early in the morning. b) The American President will be present at the talks. c) Mr. Bloom will go to the Senate immediately after his arrival. d) Mr. and Mrs. Bloom will not be in Washington together.
News item 2 a) Cyprus is putting pressure on the U.S. Defense Secretary. b) The U.S. will mediate between Turkey and Greece. c) The Pentagon is reluctant to interfere in questions concerning Turkey and Greece. News item 3 a) This project concerns Nato's Air Defence System. b) Nato signed the $800 million contracts last week. c) This project is ambitious but not expensive.
News item 4 a) Three bombs exploded in the Republic of Ireland this morning. b) There are more than thirty injured people. c) The U.S. Defense Secretary will not cancel her visit to Northern Ireland.
And now for the latest news‌.
Language Focus Immediate decisions
Listen and read. I feel awful!
I'll call a doctor!
It's so hot!
We'll open the window!
This bag is so heavy!
I'll help you!
NB. Si usa il futuro con “will” quando si decide in quel momento di fare qualcosa. Non si usa al presente semplice. e.g. I’ll carry it for you. It’s heavy! ✔ I carry it for you.✖
Ex. 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Match the two halves.
She's falling. The enemy is advancing. Paul is an inefficient worker. June hasn’t any more money. The phone is ringing. It’s freezing! This is a no smoking area. I can't find my wallet. The General wants to speak to Col. Brumley. There was an earthquake in Tokyo yesterday.
We’ll sack him! I'm sorry, I'll put my cigarette out. I'll help you look for it. I’ll go! We’ll attack! I'll catch her! I’ll lend her some. I’ll put the heater on! We'll send help. I'll call him.
Language Focus Shall I? Listen and read.
You don't look well! Shall I call a doctor?
Do you understand or shall I repeat?
Shall I answer the phone?
NB. Non confondere "shall I" con "I will" ( immediate decisions - pagina precedente). Si dice "shall I" per chiedere un parere sul da farsi. e.g. It’s hot, shall I open the window? Mentre "I will" esprime la volontà di quel momento. e.g. The phone’s ringing. Don’t worry! I’ll answer it.
Ex. 7 Put the words in the correct order. e.g. very I it's here repeat noisy shall? It's very noisy here, shall I repeat? 1. 2. 3. 4.
I door close the shall? later talk or I back can you now shall call? dinner you I to it want or cook shall do make? Shall him in I meeting a call he's? Ex. 8
1. 2. 3. 4.
Match the two halves.
He’s bleeding badly! Help, help! Quicksand! I’m tired. Pete's arriving at 8.30.
I’ll get a rope! Shall I get you a coffee? I’ll call a doctor! Shall I pick him up?
Language Focus The future tense (going to) Listen and read.
What are you going to do this evening? We're going see a film.
Affirmative I you he she it we you they
Negative
am are is
to
leave.
going to
are
I you he she it we you they
am are is
not
going to
leave.
are
Interrogative Am Are Is Are
I you he she it we you they
going to
leave?
Long answers Are you going to listen to the news? Yes, I'm going to listen to the news. Short answers Is he going to drive to the barracks? Yes, he is.
Listen and repeat. • • • • • • • •
•
They're going to upgrade their equipment. We're going to merge two regiments. It's going to snow. He's not going to resign. Are we going to participate in the summit? He's going to Milan the day after tomorrow. Are they going at 1600 hours? She isn't going home this evening.
Il futuro con "going to" viene usato per azioni programmate. e.g. He's going to retire next month. Viene anche usato per azioni dove è importante sottolineare l'intenzione di fare qualcosa. e.g What are you doing with that bucket of water? I'm going to wash the car.
NB Con il verbo "to go" si usa il presente progressivo invece di "going to go". e.g. I'm going to Rome tomorrow. Grammaticalmente non è sbagliato dire "I'm going to go to Rome tomorrow" ma di solito non viene utilizzato.
Ex. 9 Form the interrogative of the following sentences. e.g. She’s going to buy a new car. Is she going to buy a new car? 1. 2. 3. 4.
They’re going to study German. It’s going to snow. We’re going to jump early tomorrow morning. He’s going to shoot.
Ex. 10 Now form the negative. e.g. She’s going to buy a new car. She isn’t going to buy a new car. 1. 2. 3. 4. Ex. 11 Form the correct question. e.g He’s going to paint the garage. What is he going to paint? 1. 2. 3. 4.
She’s going to have driving lessons next week. We’re going to study electronic warfare. They’re going to bomb control and command centres. The Sergeant is going to re-organize the office. Ex. 12 Number the following sentences in the correct sequence.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Finally I’m going to call my wife and tell her that I got here safely. Then I’m going to get a taxi to the hotel. Then I’m going to the airport to catch a plane to Denver. After my arrival I’m going to pick up my luggage. First I’m going to call my office and see if there are any messages. After that I’m going to make some notes for the meeting on the plane. Ex. 13 Listen and write the sentences you hear.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9 10.
1
Language Focus The use of the future tenses •
Abbiamo visto tre tempi futuri: Present continuous Future tense Future tense
(future) (will) (going to)
•
Le azioni future che sono state programmate in precedenza sono espresse sia con il presente progressivo che con il futuro "going to". e.g. He’s leaving tomorrow./ He's going to leave tomorrow.
•
Si consiglia in questo momento di non preoccuparsi della differenza tra il futuro "presente progressivo" ed il futuro "going to" per quanto riguarda le azioni programmate.
•
Spesso la scelta della forma futura non ha importanza. E’ invece importante individuare i casi dove è necessario utilizzare un tipo di futuro e non un altro.
•
Il futuro con “going to” traduce anche l’italiano "stare per" … In questi casi le previsioni devono essere basate su un fatto che rende ragionevolmente evidente che la previsione si avveri. Ad esempio, se ci sono nuvole nere nel cielo si direbbe: “Look! It’s going to rain”.
•
Si usa “will” quando si decide di fare qualcosa sul momento. e.g. Anna: It’s cold in here Robert: Really? I’ll close the window.
•
Si usa di solito “will” quando si minaccia o si promette. e.g. Stop or I’ll shoot. I’ll love you forever. UNSCOM will never return to my country.
•
Si usa "will" in richieste formali. e.g. Will you open the window, please?
•
Quando si parla del tempo meteorologico e dei "mass media" in generale si può usare sia “will” che “going to”. e.g. It will start off sunny but we’re going to see rain in the evening. e.g. The President is going to leave for Cuba this evening where he will meet world leaders.
•
Nel dubbio è meglio scegliere “will” particolarmente quando si parla di un’azione futura incerta o quanto meno non programmata. e.g. One day we will die, we don’t know when. In the future maybe we will have a U.N. Army.
•
Quando si parla di azioni nel futuro, generalmente non si usa il presente semplice così come in italiano, ma il futuro. e.g. Tomorrow afternoon he will leave / he is leaving / he is going to leave.✔ Tomorrow afternoon he leaves.✖
Planned actions/definite arrangements Read Prime Minister Tony Blair’s programme for tomorrow on his official visit to Dublin.
Thursday September 18th. 7.30 Breakfast with Irish Prime Minister. 9.00 Visit to new conference centre. 11.15 Meeting with members of women’s peace movement. 13.00 Lunch with UN delegates. 15.00 Open new sports centre.
N
Ballycastle
rth No
Ex. 14 Use the notes in the programme to write sentences about what Mr. Blair is going to do tomorrow. e.g. At 7.30 he’s going to have breakfast with the Irish Prime Minister. At 7.30 he's having breakfast with the Irish Prime Minister l ne an Ch
Coleraine
Limavady
Ballymoney
Londonderry
Magherafelt
Lifford
Antrim
Strabane
Belfast
Cookstown
Sligo
Monaghan
Newry
M ON AG HA N
Cavan
Carrickon Shannon
Dundalk Dundalk Bay
CAVAN
Castlebar
ROSCOMMON
Downpatrick
Banbridge
Armagh
SLIGO MAYO
LONGFORD
IRISH SEA
An Uaimh Longford Roscommon
Mullingar
MEATH GALWAY
WESTMEATH
Galway
Dublin E AR LD KI
Tullamore
Galway Bay
OF
FA
LY
DUBLIN
Droichead Nua Portlaoise
CLAIRE
WICKLOW Wicklow
LAOIS
Ennis
3.
Craigavon
H UT LO
2.
Enniskillen
Newtownards
Lough Neagh
Lisburn
Dungannon
A T L A N T I C
O C E A N
1.
Carrickfergus Bangor
Omagh
Donegal Bay
LEITRIM
Larne
Ballymena
DONEGAL
Carlow
OW RL CA
Kilkenny
TIPPERARY KEN
LIMERICK
KERRY CORK
D OR TERF WA
NY
Clonmel
Tralee
WEXFORD
KIL
Limerick
Wexford
Waterford
St.
Cork
Geo
rge'
sC
han
nel
4. IRELAND 0
ATLANTIC OCEAN
10 0
20 10
20
Capital -
Ex. 15 Listen to Francesca talking about how she’s going to spend next weekend. Answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Is she going to stay at home? Is she going to spend the weekend with her parents? Where does she want to go? Are they leaving late Friday evening? Where are they going to have lunch on Saturday? What do Francesca and Michael love? Are they returning late on Sunday? Where are they going to have dinner on Sunday
40 MI. 40 KM.
County & District Capital -
Going to or will? Listen to the following two conversations: Conversation 1 Patty: Mat:
Hi, Mat, did you hear Roger’s in hospital? Roger in hospital! No, I didn’t know. I’ll go and see him tomorrow.
Conversation 2 Patty: Matt:
Hi, Mat, did you hear Roger’s in hospital? Yes, I know, his mother told me yesterday. I’m going to see him this afternoon.
•
Nella prima conversazione l’uso di “will” è dettato dal fatto che Mat decide di fare visita all’amico in quell’istante.
•
Nella secondo invece, l’azione era stata già programmata, di cui l’uso di “going to”.
Ex. 16 Insert “going to”/ “will”. 1.
Lina: Johnathan:
Johnathan, Emily called. Did she? OK I ____________ call her back this evening.
2.
Major Bourne: Captain:
Did you prepare those reports Captain? No, sir, but I didn’t forget. I ____________ do it this afternoon.
Ex. 17 Listen to the weather forecast. Answer true (T) or false (F). T 1. It won’t rain Friday morning. 2. There will be less rain in the north on Friday. 3. There will be some rain in the south and midlands on Friday. 4. Generally speaking Saturday will be a wet day. 5. Temperatures will be a bit lower on Sunday.
F
Ex. 18 Listen to this telephone conversation. Answer true (T) or false (F). T 1
Joan rang to give Raymond information about the meeting.
2.
The meeting is in the pub.
3.
They’re going to have a drink before the meeting.
4.
Joan is seeing Peter tomorrow morning.
5.
Joan says she’ll inform Pete.
F
Ex. 19 Listen and write the interrogative of the sentences you hear. e.g. He'll arrive tomorrow. Will he arrive tomorrow? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9 10.
Ex. 20 Listen and read the following journalist's opinion on Nato enlargement. Then give short answers to the questions.
There are smiles all around as the signing of the NATO-Russia Founding Act in Paris in 1997 opens a new chapter in Alliance history.
Personal opinions on Nato enlargement "Nato was created because of the military threat from the old U.S.S.R. Now that Russia is democratic, the Warsaw Pact has been dissolved and there is no military threat from the East, why do we want to expand Nato and offend Russia? We need to organize a new alliance to include most European countries, Russia and the U.S. and Canada. It could still be a military organization under a different name and structure. We must change to meet the new needs".
In early 1999, the Prime Ministers of Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary prepare their countries for NATO .membership
1. According to the journalist, is there an oppressive regime in Russia today? 2. Is the journalist in favour of the expansion of Nato? 3. Is he convinced that the new alliance must be military? 4. Is the journalist in favour of change?
Ex. 21 Listen to this politician’s views on Nato enlargement. Answer the questions. 1.
What is he against?
2.
What in his opinion will happen in Europe if some countries are invited to join?
3.
What must we remember?
4.
What could be the reaction of Russia to Nato enlargement?
Ex. 22 Listen and read General Winter’s opinion on changes in Nato and answer the questions on the following page.
Changes in Nato
â??So, I tell you gentlemen, this is not the time for Nato to go soft, we will not have a future characterized by distant low level conflicts. We will see brief operations that will be intense and we will have little time to prepare ourselves. We must be ready. The likelihood of conflict is increasing. Yes, the risk of global catastrophe has decreased, but the risk of geographically limited conflict has increased. Let us not also forget outside Nato there are about thirty-five countries equipped with modern tanks and artillery. Forty have modern offensive aircraft. Thirty have modern submarine forces. Twenty possess ballistic missiles. Some Nato territory is even within range of missiles fired from the Middle East. So we must be more than ever on the alert. Thank you gentlemen.â?ž
.
Changes in Nato
1.
In the passage “to go soft” means:
3.
“Let’s not forget” means:
a) b) c) d)
to become hard. to relax. to become stronger. to disappear.
a) b) c) d)
we must remember. it’s good to forget. we can forget. we never remember.
2.
“Close to home” means:
4.
“Global catastrophe” means:
a) b) c) d)
out of Nato territory. in the house. not far away. in the distance.
a) b) c) d)
many casualties. an earthquake. world-wide devastation. low intensity conflicts.
Ex. 23 Read General Winter's opinion again. Answer true (T) or false (F). T 1. The speaker believes there is no future for Nato. 2. He thinks Nato should be stronger than ever. 3. He predicts a future of the world wide conflicts. 4. He’s not worried about the military strength of countries outside Nato. 5. Global destruction is not imminent.
F
Language Focus First conditional Listen and read.
We will attack if they don't withdraw.
If we don't stop Saddam Hussein he'll continue his programme of chemical and biological warfare. •
Nella prima condizionale ipotetica "if" è seguito dal presente e poi dal future con “will”. e.g. If he comes, I’ll call you.
•
Come in italiano le posizioni della consequenza e della condizione possono essere invertite. e.g. She’ll be very happy if you send her flowers. If you send her flowers she’ll be very happy.
•
Anche “when”, “as soon as” e “after”, sono seguiti dal presente: e.g. After we attack we will rest. ✔ After we will attack, we will rest.✖ If he passes his test he’ll be very happy. ✔ If he’ll pass his test he'll be very happy.✖ When you are older you will understand.✔ When you will be older you will understand.✖ As soon as he arrives we’ll eat. ✔ As soon as he will arrive, we will eat.✖
•
Spesso questo tipo di condizionale è usato per esprimere promesse o minacce o per mettere in guardia qualcuno. e.g If you marry me I’ll love you forever. I’ll kill you if you don’t give me the money. Put that weapon down or I’ll shoot.
•
Si può anche vedere if + presente + imperativo. e.g. If you don’t understand ask the teacher.
•
If + presente + presente (zero conditional) viene usato per indicare fatti che sono sempre veri. e.g. If you don’t water plants, they die. If you press this button the machine starts.
Language Focus If / When Listen and read.
When I am King of England, I will marry Camilla.
If we continue to pollute the world, we will destroy our planet.
When summer comes, we'll go to the coast.I
• •
“If” esprime una possibilità che qualcosa avverrà. e.g. If I find your wallet, I’ll call you. We’ll swim in the lake if it doesn't rain. “When” esprime la certezza che qualcosa avverrà. e.g. When the guests arrive, we’ll eat. I’ll take you out to dinner when it’s your birthday
Ex. 24 Insert “if” or “when”. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
I’ll go to bed ______ the film ends. The shops are beautiful ______ Christmas comes. ______ you can’t understand, I’ll help you. ______ I play chess with Marco, he always wins. ______ the weather is nice tomorrow, we’ll have a picnic. ______ I go home I’ll have a bath. We’re thinking about Ibiza for our summer holiday. ______ we decide to go, we’ll let you know. I’m coming to the Army Staff tomorrow. ______ I arrive, I’ll come and see you in your office.
Ex. 25 Marco is leaving for Fano to do military service. Answer true (T) or false (F). T 1.
Marco doesn’t know where he’ll be next week.
2.
Marco will probably enjoy the physical training.
3.
Marco is happy to do military service.
4.
Marco will see a doctor immediately on arrival.
5.
New recruits always train without an instructor.
6.
Marco’s mother isn’t very happy to see him go.
7.
Marco’s mother will call him at the barracks.
8.
Marco has a cellular phone.
F
Ex. 26 Insert the correct future tense "going to", "will", or "present continuous". (In some cases there is more than one possibility). Oh no! That plane ___________ (crash)! Oh no! That plane is going to crash! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
I have an awful tooth ache! Don’t worry I ________ (get) you an aspirin. Where are you going on holiday? I don’t know maybe we ________ (go) to Canada. My sister ________ (go) to university in September. She wants to be a doctor. How does this work? Let me see. I ________ (show) you! Take an umbrella! Look at those clouds! It ________ (rain)! __________ you (get) me a newspaper when you're out? I promise I __________ (help) you after work this evening. In the future perhaps Romania ________ (join) Nato. We’re leaving this evening. We __________ (see) friends in Milan. If they comply we _________ (lift) sanctions.
Ex. 27 Tick (✔) the correct sentence. e.g. a) Everything is planned. We will go tomorrow.✖ b) Everything is planned. We are going tomorrow. ✔
1.
a) I’m sorry, I’ll get a cloth. b) I’m sorry, I’m going to get a cloth.
2.
a) That bag looks very heavy, I’m going to help you. b) That bag looks very heavy. I’ll help you.
3.
a) When is he going to go? b) When is he going?
4.
a) He's turning on the radio because he's going to listen to the news. b) He's turning on the radio because he’ll listen to the news.
5.
a) You’re going to be sorry if you will touch that. b) Don’t touch that or you’ll be sorry.
6.
a) I don’t know what he will do if she doesn’t call. b) If she won’t ring what will he do?
7.
a) When autumn comes we’ll walk in the park. b) If autumn comes we’ll walk in the park.
8.
a) Tomorrow, we have dinner at home. b) We’re having dinner at home tomorrow.
Vocabulary building Ex. 28 Complete the sentences with the correct word. Choose from the list below. Indicate if the word is an adjective (A), verb (V), or noun (N). wounded bravery 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
main advice
death
arrival dead
flight advise
I don’t know what to do, please give me some ________. A sniper shot him . His ________ was a terrible shock! He got six medals for ________. What time is their ________? 8.30. I ________ you to see a specialist. My grandparents are ________. They died before I was born. They gave her the flowers on her ________ at the airport. The ________ was so bad, they give him morphine. He walked through a minefield to save the ________ soldier. Six people ________ and twenty-two were injured in a serious rail crash this morning. Anti-personnel mines don't always kill, they ________ He lost his ________ in the Falklands war.
Vocabulary revision (shops) Ex. 29 Complete the sentences with an appropriate word. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
pain
died life
I get medicine from the __________. I buy bread at the __________. We get fruit and vegetables from the __________. You buy meat at the __________. __________ sell magazines and newspapers. You can buy nails at the ___________ store. I can buy sugar and jam at the __________. You can buy cigarettes at the _________.
Language Focus Must (obligation) Listen and repeat. • • • .•
Per esprimere un obbligo su usa “must”. (dovere) "Must" si comporta come “can” nella forma presente. (Unità 4) e.g. He must wear a crash helmet. ✔ She musts study more. ✖ e.g. They must be punctual. ✔ They must to disengage. ✖ • • •
•
You mustn't smoke during take off. You mustn't drive without a seat-belt. We mustn't be late for work.
Per esprimere un divieto o una proibizione si usa “mustn’t” (must not). e.g. You mustn’t talk when the instructor is talking. • • •
•
You must stop at a red traffic light. I must wash my hair. It's really dirty. He must telephone his father. It's his birthday.
You must obey my orders! He must be more punctual. They must train harder.
Spesso “must” esprime l’obbligo personale imposto dalla persona che parla. e.g. You must listen to me!
Ex. 30 Complete the sentences with “must” or “mustn’t”. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
You ________ do exercise to keep fit. You ________ travel on a bus without a ticket. You ________ forget your wedding anniversary! All passengers ________ wear a seat-belt in a car. The children ________ play with the ball in the living room. Peacekeepers ________ be impartial.
Language Focus Have to (obligation) Listen and repeat. • • • • • •
Soldiers on duty have to wear their uniform. They have to be impartial. It's a peacekeeping mission. We had to separate the warring factions. You have to have a visa to travel to Australia. Motorists have to drive slowly in built-up areas. Sgt. Smith has to take all supplies to the main entrance.
•
Si esprime l’obbligo anche con il verbo “have to”. “Have to" si comporta come qualsiasi altro verbo. Nella forma interrogativa si usa “do” or “does” al presente e “did” al passato. e.g. What do I have to do? You have to give way at the crossroads. What does he have to do? He has to obey orders. What did he have to do? He had to train long and hard.
•
Nella forma interrogativa al presente è molto più usato "have to" che "must" e.g. Where do we have to sit? You have to sit at the front. Who does she have to see? She has to see a lawyer. "Where must we sit?" è corretto ma poco usato.
•
Usiamo di solito “have to” per parlare di obblighi altrui. Cio’è un obbligo imposto da un’autorità esterna. e.g. Mark has diabetes. He has to have an injection twice a day.
Language Focus Must or have to? Listen and repeat.
• •
• •
We must leave early. We don't want to be late. We have to leave early. We don't want to be late.
• •
They must go to the bank. They need to cash a cheque. They have to go to the bank. They need to cash a cheque.
• •
She must see a doctor. She's depressed. She has to see a doctor. She's depressed.
Molte volte non c’è molta differenza tra l’uso di “must” e “have to” nella forma affermativa. e.g. We must find a solution to the conflicts in the Middle East. We have to do something about the Irish question! Si consiglia in questo momento di non preoccuparsi della differenze tra “have to” e “must”nella forma affermativa ma di prestare particolare attenzione alle differenze tra "mustn't/don't have to (Riferimento pagina 330).
Past and Future - must / have to Listen and repeat.
• • • • • • • •
UNSCOM had to leave Iraq. They had to escape because of the threat of civil war. I had to shoot to defend myself. You will have to make many sacrifices if you join the Army. Yesterday she didn't have to go to the dentist. They won't have to make many sacrifices.
Il passato di "must" e "have to" è "had to". Il futuro di "must" e have to" è "will have to".
Ex. 31 Tick (✔) the correct sentence. e.g. a) They must going now.✖ b) They must go now. ✔
1.
a) Every day he has to write reports. b) Every day he have to write reports.
2.
a) You mustn't to forget your passport. b) You mustn't forget your passport.
3.
a) Last week we had see the dentist. b) Last week we had to see the dentist.
4.
a) Does the General have to speak to journalists? b) Do the General have to speak to journalists?
5.
a) Do they must make a lot of telephone calls? b) Do they have to make a lot of telephone calls?
6.
a) Where did the contact group have to meet? b) Where did the contact group had to meet?
7.
a) Last month I must deploy to Bosnia. b) Last month I had to deploy to Bosnia.
8.
a) The platoon will have to improve standards. b) The platoon will must improve standards.
Ex. 32 Form the correct question. e.g. What did the U.S. military have to do? The U.S. military had to stop the communists. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
He has to train three times a week. They have to move all the equipment. He has to brief them on the training schedule. Last week I had to pay the gas bill. Jeremy had to stay in hospital for three weeks. Ex. 33 Listen and give short answers to the questions. What do you have to do?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ex. 34 Listen and give short answers to the questions. What did you have to do? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ex. 35 Use “have to� in the right tense in the following sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Last week I ________ ________ walk to work because of the bus strike. You are so rude. You ________ ________ apologize! It's Sunday today, so I ________ ________ ________ go to work. He ________ ________ pay a heavy fine. He was 40 km over the speed limit. Who ________ I ________ ________ ask for help? You ________ _________ ________ post these letters. John can do it tomorrow. If he wants to finish on time he ________ ________ work overtime. When _________he_______ __________ leave? Tomorrow, after lunch. When I was younger I never___________ __________ wear glasses. Where _________ she ________ __________go? To the dentist's. She has toothache.
Language Focus Mustn’t / don’t have to Listen and repeat.
You mustn't touch that! It's dangerous.
You don't have to worry about this. It's harmless!
Mustn't
Don't have to
You mustn’t smoke during take off.
You don't have to wear your uniform on leave.
Children mustn't use bad language.
A Colonel doesn't have to salute a Private.
You mustn't exceed the speed limit.
We don't have to work tomorrow, it's a public holiday.
NB. La forma negativa di “have to” (“don’t have to” / “doesn’t have to”) non si usa per sancire il divieto di fare qualcosa. Si usa invece per evidenziare che non c’è obbligo o necessità di fare qualcosa. e.g. I don’t have to walk to work. My husband takes me by car. I don’t have to help my wife with the housework, she does everything. Si può usare "don’t need to". e.g. You don’t need to / You don’t have to take a coat. It’s not cold.
Ex. 36 Match the two halves. 1. 2.
You mustn’t park here You don’t have to call your mother
or we’ll miss our train. they’re not important.
3.
We mustn’t oversleep
or you’ll get a fine.
4.
You don’t need to do those exercises
I rang her this morning.
Ex. 37 Insert “mustn’t” , “don’t have to” or “doesn’t have to”. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
“You ________ buy a ticket before you get on the bus. They sell them on the bus. In Saudi Arabia a woman ________ uncover her head in public. Children ________ play near main streets and heavy traffic. Jane ________ call a babysitter in the evenings. Her mother always comes when she goes out. In Britain you ________ shake hands with somebody every time you meet them. You ________ drive fast in built-up areas. Ex. 38 Listen and write the sentences you hear.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Ex. 39 Complete the sentences with the correct words. Choose from the list below. train more 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
give me your number and the expiry date call a plumber report the loss to the police make an appointment
She can’t find her passport. She has to ____________________. The kitchen tap is leaking. I have to ____________________. He’s very unfit. He has to ____________________. Yes, you can pay by credit card. You have to __________________ You can’t see the doctor now. You have to ____________________.
Ex. 40 Listen to this conversation in a restaurant. Andre is telling Julie what she has to do. Answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
How many tables is Julie responsible for? Does she have to clear the tables? Does she have to take orders? Can she go in the kitchen? Who takes orders? Can Julie smoke during her break? Where mustn’t she smoke? Where is the staff room?
Vocabulary revision (food and drink) Ex. 41 What is it? e.g. It's a very popular drink. It's coca cola.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
It's a vegetable. It's orange. It's a drink. It can be red or white. Italians put this cheese on pizza. It's white or brown. We buy it at the baker's. You eat them with burgers in fast food restaurants. It's an important drink for children. It has a lot of calcium. English men drink it in vast quantities in pubs. They're small and green. They're vegetables. It's long and yellow. It grows on a tree. They swim in oceans, rivers, seas and lakes. We eat them.
Language Focus Advice (should)
Listen and read.
It's 11.30 and it's very hot and sunny. You should use sun protection cream!
No, I don't need it!
Three hours later: Ooow! You're right, I should….. I've got sunburn!
Affirmative I you he she it we you they
should
Negative
help.
I you he she it we you they
should not shouldn’t
help.
Interrogative I you he Should she help? it we you they
•
Should è il condizionale di dovere. E’ un verbo modale. Ha la sola forma del condizionale ed è uguale per tutte le persone. Al presente non richiede l’uso di “do/does”.
•
Si usa" should" per dare consigli, suggerimenti, raccomandazioni e rimproveri. e.g. She should stop smoking. They should help their Commander more, he's overworked! You shouldn’t waste water! The government should do more to help the sick.
What should they do? Ex. 42 Match the two halves. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
I’m always so tired in the morning. He’s under a lot of stress. She always has a cold. It’s the third time this winter. He’s got an awful cough. He was rude to his boss. My car’s really dirty! My wife was very ill last year. She was late for work again! He was so drunk he can’t remember what he did. I’m overdrawn again.
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j.
Ex. 43 Listen and write the sentences you hear. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ex. 44 Tick (✔) the best/most logical sentence. e.g. a) You shouldn't watch TV without your glasses. ✔ b) You mustn't wear a seat-belt when you drive.
1.
a) You mustn't drive carefully at night. b) You have to be careful when you drive at night.
2.
a) Young people mustn't use hard drugs. b) Young people should use hard drugs.
3.
a) Doctors should listen to their patients. b) Doctors don't have to listen to their patients.
4.
a) We mustn't drink and drive. b) We should drink the bottle of wine before we drive
She should be more punctual. You should go to bed earlier. You should take her on holiday. He should drink less. You should spend less. You should clean it! He should work less. He should apologize. He should see a doctor. She should take extra vitamin C.
Ex. 45 What SHOULD a man say to his partner in the following situations? Choose from the list below.
1
My mother is coming to say for six weeks.
2
I’m sorry, I had an accident with your car!
3
This dress costs £250.00
4
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
You never take me out to dinner. _______________________________
Don’t worry, I’m sure it wasn’t your fault. How lovely!
It looks wonderful! Sweetheart! Let’s go now!
Ex. 46 What DOES a man say to his partner in the following situations? Choose from the list below.
1
2
3
4
My mother is coming to stay for six weeks.
I’m sorry I had an accident with your car!
This dress costs ÂŁ250.00.
You never take me out to dinner!
Why don't you drive more carefully! What, again! She was here last month!
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
That's not true. You're joking.
Ex. 47 Put the words in the correct order
1. 2. 3. 4.
go lose identity card if should I where I my? catch what should train I? long it there to how take should get? bags put I where these should ?
1.
Ex. 48 Listen to George and Rod talking about Rod’s mother-in-law. Answer true (T) or false (F). T F This is the first time Ann’s mother is ill.
2.
An ambulance didn’t take her to hospital.
3.
Ann’s mother takes a long walk every day.
4.
Ann’s mother saw a specialist last week.
Vocabulary Revision (clothes and the body) Ex. 49 Listen and write the word that is missing. Choose from the list below. socks
belt
hair
back
raincoat
nose
bathing costume
eyes
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Revision (adjectives) Ex. 50 Listen to these people talking. After each person speaks choose an adjective from the list below to describe their tone of voice. happy 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
angry
relaxed
afraid
upset
worried
Ex. 51 Listen and read. Answer true (T) or false (F).
Plan for Nato Russia force U.S. Secretary of State Roger Fuller suggested troops from one or more of Nato’s 15 nations and from Russia should live, work and possibly fight together in a single multinational brigade. ( This would not be easy. We must remember Russian and Nato units are organized in different ways). The U.S., with this move, wants Moscow to understand that Nato is not a hostile organization. Nato wants Russia to feel that it has a special relationship with the West. Nato is adamant that Russia will have a voice but will never have a veto. Opposition to Nato enlargement is building up from other quarters too. It would seem that many are sceptical and fear the consequences of alienating Russia.
T 1.
At present Nato and Russia are not part of a single multi-national brigade.
2.
Russia alone is suspicious of Nato enlargement.
3.
The U.S. Secretary of State is not in favour of a single multi-national brigade.
4.
Nato doesn’t want to anger Russia.
F
Ex. 52 Find the words in the passage that are closest in meaning to the following words. e.g. possibly - maybe combat realize unique determined aggressive
Language Focus The language of notices •
Il lessico utilizzato nei cartelli è particolare. Vengono utilizzate parole non comuni oppure con significati pertinenti al contesto.
Listen and read.
CYCLISTS DISMOUNT HERE •
This means cyclists must get off their bikes.
DO NOT ALIGHT FROM THE BUS WHILST IT IS IN MOTION
•
This means passengers must not get off the bus while its moving.
PAY AND DISPLAY
•
This means you must buy a ticket in the car park and put it on the dashboard of your car where it can be seen. TICKETS MON – SAT £1.00 Sunday FREE
•
This means you don’t have to pay on Sunday.
Ex. 53 Listen and read, then match these signs to the places where you see them. Choose from the list below. a) ROAD b) ZOO c) CINEMA d) ASPIRIN BOTTLE e) VENDING MACHINE f) PACKET OF CIGARETTES g) BARRACKS h) SHOP WINDOW i) HOTEL(x2) j) FIELD k) AIRPORT l) GARAGE
EMERGENCY EXIT 1
SALE
7
IN USE DAY AND NIGHT
THIS PACKET CARRIES A GOVERNMENT HEALTH WARNING 2
8
ONE WAY 3
DO NOT EXCEED RECOMMENDED DOSAGE 9
OUT OF ORDER
FEEDING THE ANIMALS STRICLY PROHIBITED
10 4
HOTEL RESTAURANT OPEN TO NON RESIDENTS
WARNING LANDMINES
11 5
VACANCIES PASSPORTS NOT NECESSARY FOR EEC CITIZENS 6
12
TOP SECURITY AREA ENTRY FORBIDDEN 13
Ex. 54 Listen and read the following passage and answer the questions.
F
ighting continued again in Kosovo yesterday with Serb forces attacking villages and reports of local people fleeing into the nearby hillsides. Nato’s two top commanders told Milosevic that he will face the threat of air strikes if he does not stick to the October cease-fire agreement. As yet we still don’t have a complete picture of exactly what happened in last week’s massacre of ethnic Albanians. Nato officials also informed the Serbs this morning that the “activation order” which brought the Allied Forces close to intervention, still holds and that every international effort will be made to halt and disrupt a systematic campaign of violent repression and expulsion in Kosovo.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
What did Serb forces do yesterday? Where did the local people run to? What will happen if Milosevic doesn't comply with the October agreement? Do we have precise information on last week's killing of ethic Albanians? What does the international community want to do?
Listen and read.
…and now for the latest news on air strikes on Iraq We received confirmation an hour ago that operation Desert Fox is over. British and American military personnel have completed a series of short, sharp, intense air attacks on the top 100 targets. Thirty of these targets were identified as chemical and biological sites. Ten of the targets hit were Saddam Hussein’s elite, but sinister Republican Guard. Other targets include major Iraqi command and control centres. This seventy-hour battle plan, spread out over three days, has weakened the Iraqi leader's capacity to wage war. We have reports of substantial damage to Saddam Hussein’s fighting capacity. It is calculated that Allied Forces have set back for years, Saddam Hussein’s chemical weapons programme. Nato insists that if he continues with his programme for weapons of mass destruction, military forces will reach out and strike again. With the threat of biological and chemical warfare, a new global reality is upon us.
Ex. 55 Fill in the gaps with the correct words. Choose from the list below. set back
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
chemical mass destruction air strikes substantial damage battle plan
control centres biological
targets
Nato carried out ________ ________ on Iraq. They hit the top one hundred ________. The targets were identified as ________ and _______ sites. It was a seventy-hour ________ ________. We have reports of ________ ________ to Saddam Hussein’s fighting capacity. Saddam Hussein has a programme for weapons of ________ __________. Other targes include Saddam Hussein's major command and ____________ _________. Allied forces have ________ _________ for years Suddam Hussein's chemical weapons programmes.
Daddy’s coming home!
Ex. 56 Listen and read the following passage and answer the questions.
Delighted relatives yesterday greeted British RAF pilots and their crew back from the Gulf. Pilots and ground crew from Squadron 8 returned after seeing action in Operation Desert Fox. They flew back aboard a transport plane escorted by two Tornados and were met by jubilant family members. Emotions were high as wives and husbands met with tears and hugs. As one woman said “It’s such a relief to see them all back safely!" 1. Who arrived back from the Gulf? 2. Who was waiting for the pilots and their crew? 3. What did the two Tornados do?
Ex. 57 Fill in the gaps with the correct words from the passage. Choose from the list below. delighted
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
to see action
crew
safely
The people on the Tornado are the __________. Very happy means __________. When we cry there are __________ on our faces. Taking part in Operation Desert Fox means __________. Out of danger means the military personnel came back __________.
tears
Language Focus Acronyms Listen and read. •
Some acronyms are read as individual letters.
WHO
World Health Organization
BBC
British Broadcasting Corporation
OAP
Old Aged Pensioner
MP
Member of Parliamant
UN
United Nations
Ex. 58 Listen and match the correct acronym to its full form. E.U. O.S.C.E. P.L.O. I.R.A. U.N. P.O.W. A.N.C. K.L.A. FBI WEU ROE BA
African National Congress Kosovo Liberation Army Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Palestine Liberation Organization Irish Republican Army European Union United Nations Prisoner of War Rules of Engagement Federal Bureau of Investigation British Airways Western European Union
Ex. 59 Listen and write the acronyms you hear. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Listen and read. •
Some acronyms are read as words:
•
AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
•
OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
•
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
•
UNESCO
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization
•
PIN
Personal Identification Number
•
ASAP
As soon as possible
NB. E' necessario porre molto attenzione agli acronomi. Ad esempio se si legge l'acronomo IRA come una parola, non scandendo ogni lettera singolarmente, sicuramente si rischia di non essere capiti. Bisogna ricordare di tradurre dall'italiano all'inglese gli acronomi. Ad esempio non è corretto. "Mr. Arafat is the leader of the OLP" bensi, "Mr. Arafat is the leader of the PLO".
Language Focus Abbreviations Listen and read. •
Abbreviations commonly used in colloquial English.
LAB (laboratory) TV or TELLY (television) EXAM (examination) AD/ADVERT (advertisement)
PHONE (telephone) BOARD (blackboard) PLANE (aeroplane) FAX (telefax)
Listen and read. • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.. 8..
Some abbreviations and acronyms are used in written English. etc. i.e. PTO NB RSVP e.g. encl. PS
and so on (Latin: et cetera) that is to say (Latin: id est) please turn over please note (Latin: nota bene) please reply (French: Répondez s’il vous plaît) for example (Latin: exempli gratia) Enclosed post script
FRIDGE (refrigerator) BIKE (bicycle) REP (business representative) CASE (suitcase)
Quiz Ex. 60 Choose the best answer a), b), c), or d). 1. If you see a landmine in front of you: a) b) c) d)
you should step on it. you don’t have to worry. you mustn’t move. call a doctor!
2. Soldiers on peacekeeping missions: a) b) c) d)
don’t have to worry about mines. have to be impartial. should take sides. must shoot to kill.
3. When a Carabiniere takes his personal weapon home: a) b) c) d)
it doesn’t matter where he puts it. he must put it somewhere safe. he should keep it ready, just in case. his wife has to clean it.
4. Officers and N.C.O.’s: a) b) c) d)
mustn’t stand in the rain. shouldn’t go out in bad weather. don’t have to wear their uniform on leave. mustn’t listen to their superior officers.
5. Conscripts: a) b) c) d)
have to go abroad on peacekeeping missions. are under 18. don’t have to serve 2 years in Italy. mustn't telephone their mothers.
6. If you see a soldier walking towards a landmine: a) b) c) d)
say hello. ask him where he’s from. warn him. join him.
7. Potential recruits for the British Army: a) b) c) d)
mustn’t be women. have to be non-smokers. should smoke marijuana. can't take drugs.
8. According to its charter NATO: a) b) c) d)
doesn’t have to respect the wishes of all its members. cannot enlarge to include other members. must respect the wishes of its member countries. is made up of European countries alone.
9. The UN: a) b) c) d)
has its own army. pays mercenaries to fight its wars. has more member countries than NATO. has its headquarters in Brussels.
10. N.G.O’s: a) b) c) d)
have military personnel. often work in collaboration with the military. are small privately run companies. are never profit making organizations.
11. The Falkland Islands: a) b) c) d)
are no longer British territory. are close to the United Kingdom. are densely populated. once belonged to Argentina.
12. Snipers: a) b) c) d)
work closely with other team members. shoot to kill. use radar to detect the enemy. wear bright-colours.
Language Focus The car Listen and repeat.
1. Windscreen/windshield 2. Windscreen/windshield wipers 3. Engine 4. Spare tyre/tire 5. Wheels 6. Seat belts 7. Boot/trunk
7
1 6
5 2 4
3 17
16 8 9 15 10
14
11
12 18 13
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Dashboard Indicator Steering wheel Clutch Brake Accelerator Handbrake Heating Air conditioning Rear view mirror Gearstick
Ex. 61
Fill in the gaps with the correct word. Choose from the list below.
heating windscreen/windshield clutch accelerator seat belt indicator air conditioning rear-view mirror trunk/boot
ignition brake dash board. spare tyre
1. 2. 3. 4.
If you want to change gear, first put your foot on the __________. To go faster put your foot on the __________. To slow down, put your foot on the __________. Open the car door, get in, put your __________ on, put the key in the __________. Turn on the engine. Check the __________ mirror. If it’s raining turn on the __________ wipers. 5. If it’s cold turn on the __________. 6. If it’s hot turn on the __________. 7. If you want to turn left or right you must use the __________. 8. All controls are on the _________. 9. Luggage goes in the __________. 10. My car has a __________ in the boot.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Ex. 62 Listen to this conversation between a woman and the driving test examiner. Answer the questions. Did the woman pass her test? Was the woman surprised by what the examiner said? Did the woman park the car following the correct procedure? Did she drive in second gear with the handbrake on? How fast did she drive in third gear? Where did she forget to stop?
Language revision (comparative and superlative ) Ex. 63 Listen and write the comparative and the superlative of the adjective you hear. e.g. Nice 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Comparative Nicer
Superlative the nicest
Language Focus Phrasal verbs Listen and read.
Why were you late for the meeting?
My car broke
down!
How did they get
in?
They got in through the bedroom window.
What do I have to do? You have to
fill
in the green form.
NB. In questi esempi: "breakdown" significa rompersi, parlando dell'automobile. "get in" significa entrare. "fill in" significa compilare. Ricordatevi che i verbi sopramenzionati possono in altri contesti avere significati diversi.
Ex. 64 Fill in the gaps with the correct phrasal verb. Choose from the list below. break down
fill in
get in
1. If you want to withdraw money ________ the green form. 2. He missed his train because the taxi _________. 3. He lost his house key but he _________ through the kitchen window.
Ex. 65 Listen to the conversational exchanges and answer the questions.
Conversation 1 1. Who had a party? 2. What was the weather like when Stefanie’s car broke down? 3. Who did Stefanie call? 4. How long did she wait for the emergency services? What problem did the car have?
Conversation 2 1. 2. 3. 4.
Did the woman come home early evening? How did the thief get in? Did the thief go into the bedroom? What does the policeman ask the woman to do?
Ex. 66 Listen to the conversational exchange. Answer true (T) or false (F). T 1.
It’s not clear when exactly the fire started.
2.
The bar door was not open when the fire services arrived.
3.
There were a lot of casualties.
4.
The waitress didn’t close the bar.
F
Revision (phrasal verbs - units 4 - 5 -6)
Ex. 67 Fill in the gaps with the correct word. Choose from the list below.
fill in
1. 2. 3. 4 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
break down get in look for break out get off break up get on (x2) look at take off (x2) cut down look after
Don’t worry, my car never __________. It’s new! How can we __________? I don’t know, let’s try with a ladder. There’s so much bureaucracy. You have to __________ hundreds of forms! I’m worried that war will __________.Hey you? What are you doing? __________ my bike. My sister and her husband __________ last year. This exercise is so difficult. I __________! What are you __________? My pen. Did you see it? The government wants to _________ on military spending. I’ll never leave you!. I’ll always ___________ you! ________ me when I'm talking to you! What do you need to ________ the plane? A boarding pass. I'm sorry, you missed your plane. It ________ twenty-five minutes ago. I don't like my mother-in-law. We don't ________ at all! I don't want to ________ my jacket. It's freezing in here!
give up
Drills - Unit 7
Ex. 68 Listen. Ask the questions, then write the questions. e.g. He’ll leave tomorrow. When will he leave? 1. 2. 3. 4.
They’ll arrive at 8.15. She’ll help him next week. I’ll go after the brief. It’ll rain late afternoon. e.g. He’ll meet his C.O. Who will he meet?
5. 6. 7. 8.
We’ll play soccer with Andrew. They’ll have dinner with their relatives. She’ll write to her cousin. I’ll marry Greg in the Spring. e.g. He’s going to study French. What is he going to study?
9. They’re going to buy a new car. 10. She’s going to read “la Nazione”. 11. I’m going to cook lasagna. 12. We’re going to clean the jeep. e.g. 13. 14 15. 16.
It’s freezing (close the window) Shall I close the window?
This is too difficult. (help you) I don’t have enough money. (lend you some) There’s a thief in the house. (call the police) It’s very cloudy. (take an umbrella) e.g. There’s someone at the door (go) I’ll go!
17. 18. 19. 20.
It’s raining! (take an umbrella) He doesn’t understand. (repeat) It’s very dirty. (clean it) I want to watch the news. (turn on the TV)
Mini Test - Unit 7
Ex. 1 Find the error in each sentence and write the correct sentence. 1. You shouldn't to believe everything he says. 2. When you'll be older you'll understand. 3. Where do they go tomorrow? 4. Next week, we leaving for Santiago. 5. Why he can't come to our party? 6. We won't lift sanctions if he don't comply. 7. Why don't you seeing a specialist? 8. Where I have to go? You have to go straight on. 9. You're thirsty, I get you a drink. 10.You don't have to lift that, you've got a bad back! 11.They mustn't to be late. 12.Where we eat this evening? Let's eat in the centre.
Ex. 2
Fill in the gaps with the correct words. Choose from the list below.
Boot/trunk 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
seat-belt
easy
break down
rain
It's __________ to drive with power steering. My car __________ yesterday. Now, it's at the mechanic's I put the luggage in the __________ of the car. When it __________ you need the windscreen wipers. Before you start the engine, don't forget to put on your ________.
Ex. 3 Listen to the conversation between Ann and Pila. Answer true (T) or false (F). T 1.
Anna fell and hurt her back.
2.
The doctor came while she was moving the bed.
3.
Anna is at work with Pila.
4.
Anna listens to Pila's advice.
5.
Anna didn't take any medication for her back.
F
Ex. 4 Put the words in the correct order. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Melts in ice if water put you it I day retire golf every when going I play am to Comply we he if will doesn't intervene I bath I have when hot have backache a. Ex. 5 Listen to the sentences and write for each sentence the future form that you hear (going to, will, present continuous) e.g. They're coming at 7.30. (Present Continuous)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ex. 6 Listen and write the words you hear. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12 Ex. 7 Listen to this conversation between Mrs. Rose and Captain Faulkner, then answer the questions. The Captain wants to rent a room in Mrs. Rose's house. Mrs. Rose informs the Captain of the house rules.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Can guests smoke in Mrs. Rose's house? When did Mr Rose stop smoking? What must the Captain remember to close? What must he double lock? Can he take his girlfriend to Mrs.. Rose's? Can he cook in his room? Does he have to clean his room? When can he watch TV? How old is Mrs.. Walker? Why can't he have a cat? Why can't he have a dog? What time does Mrs. Walker clean the rooms?
Ex. 8 1. 2. 3. 4.
List the four adjectives used to describe the room.
UNITA’ 8
Istruzioni In questa unità verrà presentato il lessico relativo ai contesti comunicativi riguardanti la salute. Per quanto concerne la parte grammaticale, verrà praticato l'uso del passivo, di "used to" e delle congiunzioni. L'attività di ascolto si concentrerà particolarmente sull'abilità di individuare informazioni chiave inerenti le notizie dei "mass media".
8
To your good health! Health and hygiene Disease and injury Chemical and biological contamination
What's the matter? Listen to the conversational exchanges and repeat.
What's the matter? I've got a terrible cold!
What's wrong? I have backache.
What's the problem? I've got a sore throat!
How does he feel? He feels awful.
Listen and repeat • • • • • • • • • •
Stomach ache / mal di pancia Backache / mal di schiena Toothache / mal di dente Earache / mal d'orecchio Headache / mal di testa A sore throat / mal di gola A cold / raffreddore A temperature/ a fever (US ) / febbre A rash / sfogo A cut / taglio
• • • • • • • • • •
Food poisoning / avvelenamento da cibo Chest pains / dolore al torace Nausea / nausea Aching limbs / arti dolenti Antiseptic cream / crema antisettica A lotion / lozione X ray / raggi X A bandage / benda Diarrhoea / diarrea To vomit / vomitare
• • • • • • •
A burn / bruciatura An electric shock / scossa elettrica An allergy / allergia A disease / malattia A pain / dolore Stress / stress Sunstroke / colpo di sole
• • • • • • •
• • • •
Heatstroke / colpo di calore Fatigue / tiredness / stanchezza A hangover / dopo sbornia Insect bite / puntura d'insetto
• • • •
To itch / avere prurito To scratch / grattare To bleed / sanguinare To feel dizzy / avere un giramento di testa To hurt oneself / farsi male To faint / svenire To collapse / To lose consciousness / perdere i sensi Wounded / ferito hurt/injured / ferito Painful / doloroso Vaccinations / vaccinazioni
NB. Non confondere "wounded" con "injured" e "hurt" . L'aggettivo "wounded" si riferisce a persone ferite in una battaglia/una guerra o con un'arma. e.g. He was wounded in battle. ✔ He was wounded in a car accident.✖ A Chesea fan was wounded in a knife attack. ✔ I was wounded in a train crash.✖ Gli aggettivi "injured" e "hurt" vengono usati in casi non connessi a conflitti o uso d'armi. e.g. They were injured/hurt when the bridge collapsed.✔ She was wounded when the bridge collapsed. ✖
Ex. 1
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Match the situation to the offer.
I have a head ache. My finger is bleeding. We need an ambulance. I can’t breathe. That cut needs cleaning.
I’ll get you a plaster / band aid (US ). I’ll call one. I’ll get you an aspirin. I’ll open the window. I’ll get some antiseptic cream.
Ex. 2 Match the recommended treatments on the left to the correct ailment or injury on the right.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Don’t move the limb. Call a doctor. Take an aspirin, go to bed and keep warm. Drink lots of liquids. Take a painkiller. See your dentist. Clean the wound. Apply antiseptic cream and a light bandage. Place under cold running water. Don’t apply creams or lotions.
A burn. Toothache. A broken leg. Flu. A cut.
Ex. 3 Listen to these mini dialogues. After each dialogue match the problem to the correct person. A sore throat. A broken arm. A bad back. Chronic fatigue. A rash. Stress.
Ex. 4
Maj. Leason Mr. Ratley Mr. Brownlow Sarg. Baxter Mr. Goldstein Mr. Rosenberg
Match the words on the left with the closest possible definition on the right.
1. A disease 2. Blood 3. A burn 4. An X ray 5. A prescription 6. A bandage 7. A laboratory 8. A specialist 9. A nurse 10.An ambulance
A person who looks after you when you’re sick. A vehicle which takes you to hospital. A written request for particular medicine. A sickness of the body. A doctor well informed on particular illnesses. A place where they analyse your blood. The necessary procedure to check if a limb is broken. A material used to cover a wound. The red liquid that circulates in the body. An injury to the skin.
Giving advice
Ex. 5
Match the problem with the correct advice. Choose from the sentences below.
I have backache! A)_______________________ He feels dizzy! B)________________________
He's got toothache! C)_______________________
I have a skin allergy and it itches! D)________________________
They have a high fever! E)_______________________
1) You mustn't scratch it.
2) He should lie down.
4) He should see a dentist.
3) They need an aspirin.
5) You shouldn't lift heavy objects.
How do you feel? Ex. 6 Listen to the conversation between Major Phillips and his doctor. Look at the list of symptoms. Tick the symptoms shown by the Major. 1.
Back pain
2.
Weakness/tiredness
3.
Dioarrheoa
4.
Pain in arms and legs
5.
Temperature
Ex. 7 Listen again and choose the correct answer a), b), c) or d). The doctor advises him to: a) b) c) d)
stay in hospital arrange a holiday take his temperature have tests in the hospital Ex. 8 Colonel Green telephones the emergency doctor. Answer true (T) or false (F).
1. 2.
Colonel Green is ill. Colonel Green gave his colleague an aspirin.
3.
Colonel Green's colleague ate dinner.
4.
His colleague and many others feel sick.
5.
The doctor is coming to see the sick man.
T
F
Ex. 9 Listen to this conversation between a man and the doctor who is treating him. Answer the questions. 1. 2.
Is the man in pain? Is it a superficial cut?
3.
Does the man need an x-ray?
4.
Is the man a doctor?
5.
When did the man have a tetanus injection?
6.
How many stitches did the cut need?
7.
When should he come back and see the doctor?
8.
Does he want the doctor to take out the stitches?
Ex. 10 Listen to Rod and Mat talking about how they feel. Choose the correct answer a), b), c), or d). Question 1 I was sick all night means: a) b) c) d)
I had a temperature. I vomited. I didn't sleep. I was well.
Question 2 It's your fault means: a) b) c) d)
You are right. You are to blame. It's your illness. It's not your responsibility.
Question 3 If something you eat "disagrees" with you, it means: a) b) c) d)
You want to eat it again. It was delicious. It was very nice. It upset your stomach.
What sort of doctor are you? Ex. 11 Which of the following symptoms does a
hangover include?
A pain in your foot
Headache
Vomiting
Chest pains
Nausea
Tiredness
A sore throat
A cough
Ex. 12 Choose the correct answer a), b), c) or d). 1. How can you avoid a hangover? a) b) c) d)
Drink only the best wine in large quantities. Stop drinking! Drink only in the afternoons and evenings. Never drink alone!
5. When you're under stress. a) b) c) d)
Breathe deeply and keep calm. Work longer hours. Drink! See a dentist.
2. If you've got backache.
6. If you can't sleep.
a) b) c) d)
a) b) c) d)
Lift something heavy. Go for a run. Lie down. Have a cold shower.
Drink more coffee. Take a painkiller. Take some cough syrup. See your doctor.
3. When your tooth hurts.
7. If you burn your hand with hot coffee.
a) b) c) d)
a) b) c) d)
Eat something. Take sugar. Take a painkiller. See a vet.
Blow on it. Bandage it. Don't move it. Put it under cold water.
4. If your leg is bleeding badly.
8. If the soldier's leg is broken.
a) b) c) d)
a) b) c) d)
Stand on it. Take an aspirin. Look for a plaster. Try to stop the blood.
Massage it. Bandage it. Don't move it. Wash it.
9. If you have a high temperature. a) b) c) d)
Have a hot bath. Drink lots of liquids. Bandage your head. Run outside to cool down.
News from the Medical World Ex. 13 Listen to the three news items . After each piece of news answer the questions.
News item 1 Deadly error 1. a) How old was the child? b) What medical condition does her father have? c) Did her parents ever question the doctor's diagnosis. Vocabulary check . Choose a) or b). 2. Tessa had "collapsed". To collapse here means: a) to lose consciousness. b) to throw up. 3. We "trusted" the doctors. "To trust" means. a) to question b) to believe in
And now for the latest news‌.
News item 2 Hospital cleaner dies 1. a) Did Pat Fuller receive preferential treatment in hospital? b) How long did she work there? c) Did hospital staff find her a bed before, or after she died? Vocabulary check . Choose a) or b). 2."Available" here means: a) ready b) made 3. "Staff" means: a) personnel b) cleaners
News item 3 Killer Doctor 1. a) What's going to happen tomorrow? b) Did he kill old or young people? c) Were the victims seriously ill?
Language Focus The passive
Listen and read.
My car is The first "Mini" was
being repaired now.
made in Britain in 1959.
Fiat cars are
made in Turin.
Humanitarian aid will
be sent to affected areas as soon as possible.
•
Il passivo dei verbi si forma con il verbo "be" più il participio passato del verbo principale. e.g. Wine is drunk in Italy. Letters will be sent tomorrow.
•
Per esprimere il complemento di agente si usa la preposizione "by". e.g. Kennedy was assassinated by Lee H. Oswald.
•
Se il verbo è regolare, il participio passato è uguale a "past tense". e.g. cook cooked cooked
•
A volte il participio passato di un verbo irregolare è uguale al "past tense". e.g. sleep slept slept
•
A volte il particpio passato di un verbo irregolare è diverso dal "past tense". e.g. eat ate eaten
NB. Non c'è una regola specifica per individuare il passato o participio di un verbo irregolare. Bisogna impararli a memoria!
Ex. 14 Complete the table (verbs).
drink Write cook shoot fire build go see
Simple present Present continuous Simple past Future
drunk written cooked shot fired built gone seen
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Clean/Cleans
Is cleaned
Am/is/are cleaning
Is/are being cleaned
Cleaned
Was/were cleaned
Will clean
Will be cleaned
Ex. 15 Indicate if the following sentences are active (A) or passive (P). e.g. he was wounded in action. (P) 1. 2. 3. 4.
They don't service vehicles over the weekend. Children must be picked up from school before 3.45. Soldiers aren't given basic training in those barracks. He'll fax you the information tomorrow.
Ex. 16 Make the following sentences passive. e.g. They will shoot the hostages. The hostages will be shot. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Private Briggs loaded the truck. Doctors treat patients for burns. They took him to the hospital. She's going to send the letters tomorrow. You can put your luggage here. He will brief his men.
Listen and read the following advertisement and answer the questions 17 to 21.
ADVERTISEMENT There are over 30 wars being fought in the world. In many, children as young as seven are being used as soldiers. In some cases they're nothing but cannon fodder. It's almost unthinkable - yet today, an estimated 300,000 children are fighting in conflicts around the world. Children who can be maimed, brutalised and slaughtered in adults' wars. This is an appalling situation and "Save the Children" believes it must change. We want to change internation al law to ban the use of children under 18 in armed conflicts. And we must never forget that child soldiers are children. By helping former child soldiers and children caught up in conflict to return to school and rebuild relationships with their families and communities. "Save the Children" can gradually repair the violent harm done to them. Your donations can help "Save the Children's" work to continue and change the futures not only of child soldiers, but other children whose lives have been shattered by violence, poverty and deprivation, in places like Liberia, Kosovo and many other countries world-wide. Please remember these children this week, by donating whatever you can afford. Thank you. Ex. 17 Underline the examples of the use of the passive form in the passage.
Ex. 18 Read the passage again and answer the questions. 1. 2. 3.
How many wars are being fought? How many children are fighting in conflicts around the world? What are children's lives shattered by?
Ex. 19 Now answer true (T) or false (F). T 1. 2.
"Save the Children" passed an international law to prevent the use of children in armed conflict. Donations given will help not only child soldiers.
3.
Only children in third world countries will benefit from your donation.
F
Ex. 20 Now find six regular past participles in the passage. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Ex. 21 Now find three nouns that indicate the tragic life of many children in the world today. 1. 2. 3.
Verbs and tenses
Ex. 22 Insert the correct verb form into the gaps. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
What's he __________? "Il Giornale". (read) Who __________ that film in 1994? Spielburg. (make) Who usually __________ your car? The mechanic. (repair) When __________ you __________? When I'm 65. (retire) When __________ he ___________university? In 1979. (finish)
Ex. 23 Write the infinitive next to the past tense. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
shut ran rode drove wrote bought thought swam paid understood
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
told said cost flew cut attacked ate withdrew won lost
Ex. 24 Listen and write the sentences you hear. Indicate if the verbs are active or passive. e.g. He was court-martialed for treason. (passive) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ex. 25 Listen and choose the correct answer a), b), or c).
QUIZ GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
1
Coffee is grown in:
6
UNSCOM inspectors were refused entry to:
a) b) c)
Brazil England Sweden
a) b) c)
The Oval Room Local restaurants Presidential Palaces
2
Tea is exported to:
7
President Clinton was officially accused of:
a) b) c)
China Europe India
a) b) c)
Perjury Unlawful sex Lying to his wife
3
"Michelle" was sung by:
8
In 1666 the city of London was destroyed by:
a) b) c)
The Rolling Stones The Beatles Gino Paoli
a) b) c)
An earthquake Enemy attack Fire
4
St. Paul's Cathedral London, was designed by:
9
Heathrow airport was opened in:
a) b) c)
Raffaello Sir Christopher Wren Henry VIII
a) b) c)
1949 1962 1946
5
In December 1991 missiles were launched on:
a) b) c)
Iraq Iran Saudi Arabia
10 a) b) c)
Penicillin was discovered by: Marie Curie An Italian scientist Alexander Flemming
Writing skills - Joining simple sentences
Read the following passage. Female officers are deployed on warships but not yet on submarines. Although women can join the Army, they can't fight on the front line. While the presence of women in the military is appreciated by many, there is still some "institutional resistance" to their deployment in combat. A military career can be exciting, however there are some disadvantages. The presence of women in the Army can cause conflict. On the other hand their presence can boost morale! Italian women have the motivation to join the Armed Forces. Furthermore, the Italian Army is ready to accept them. The MoD's Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (Dera) concluded that women can perform all military tasks. What is more, they are more motivated!
CONJUNCTIONS • • •
Parole come BUT (ma), ALTHOUGH (sebbene), e WHILE (mentre) vengono usate per collegare contrastanti idee sul medesimo soggetto. Parole come HOWEVER (comunque), e ON THE OTHER HAND (d'altro canto) sono usati per introdurre un idea contrastante. Parole come WHAT IS MORE e FURTHERMORE (inoltre) aggiungono ulteriori informazioni sul medesimo soggetto. Ex. 26 Fill in the gaps with the correct linking words. Choose from the list below. although
however
furthermore
__________ scientist say women are physically capable of all military roles, including being paratroopers or commandos, they are still officially banned from the front line in Britain, Greece and Portugal. Women don't want to be excluded from the front line, __________ many senior officers frequently show institutional resistance and reluctance to make great changes. Women play a vital role in special force operations in Northern Ireland, __________ we have many other examples of their successful deployment in psychological operations in zones of conflict.
Women in the service A man's point of view Ex. 27 Listen to Captain Michael Sharp talking about women at sea. Answer the questions. 1. 2.
What was he in favour of in the 80's? How does he describe a warship?
3. 4.
In his opinion what causes the sexual tensions between men and women? What does the "conflict" undermine?
5.
What is his opinion of women as professionals?
6.
Is he in favour of the move to employ women on submarines?
A woman's point of view Ex. 28 Now listen to Lieutenant Deborah Harley speaking about women at sea. Answer the questions. 1. 2.
Why is "sex" not a problem in her opinion? What does she believe women can offer?
3. 4.
Why do men and women work well together in her opinion? What does she see in the future?
5.
What common goal do men and women share?
The news (1)
Ex. 29 Listen to these news reports and give short answers to the questions. News item 1 1. 2.
Was the baby's mother a doctor? How old was the woman?
3.
What part of the baby's body was injured?
News item 2 1. 2.
Is the teenager seriously hurt? Was she shot?
3.
What was she doing when the attack happened?
News item 3 1. 2.
What caused the accident? Did they live in a house?
3.
How many people died in the accident?
The news (2) Ex. 30 Read the following news item. Answer true (T) or false (F).
Compensation for rape victim A Japanese schoolgirl 14, who was kidnapped and raped by 2 US servicemen three years ago was paid compensation last week by the US and Japanese government. The amount received is undisclosed. Both men were sentenced to seven years for the attack on the girl.
T 1.
The girl wasn't raped in her own home.
2.
We don't know if the girl will receive compensation.
3.
The two servicemen won't go to prison.
4.
The girl wasn't in her late teens at the time of the attack.
F
Ex. 31 Now find examples of the passive in the passage. 1. 2. 3. Ex. 32 Read the following news item and give short answers to the questions. PILOT FATIGUE
Pilot error due to fatigue was responsible for the April collision between two Canadian Air Force F16s over the Ontario Test and Training Range, an Air Combat Command report concluded. One pilot landed his plane safely and was himself unhurt: the other ejected but suffered serious injuries.
1.
Did the accident happen in winter?
2.
Did the planes crash over the ocean?
3.
Did one pilot need medical attention?
4.
Was alcohol the cause of the accident?
5.
Was human error to blame?
Listen and read.
Ethiopia and Eritrea To many, open war seems to be inevitable.
The border dispute between Ethiopia and Eritrea shows no signs of diminishing. On the contrary, serious ground fighting has erupted at several points along the barren 1,000 km border. Each side accuses the other of invading its territory. The USA and Rwanda, the belligerents' mutual allies, are continuing attempts to mediate and negotiate a settlement. Any escalation of the conflict would be catastrophic, for both the countries involved. Ethiopia and Eritrea are two of the poorest countries in Africa, with a history of decades of civil war. We have reports of airstrikes from both sides on each other's cities.
Ex. 33 Find the word closest in meaning to the underlined words in the passage. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Nations Conflict Land Decreasing Disastrous Started Agreement Infertile Faction Warring factions Ex. 34 Read the passage again. Answer true (T) or false (F). T
1.
The conflict between the two countries is increasing.
2.
The two countries are separated by fertile land.
3.
This is the first time we see hostilities in these two nations.
F
Language Focus Used to
Listen and read.
We USED TO walk to work ……….. Now we go everywhere by car!
•
Questa struttura si usa esclusivamente al passato e serve per parlare di azioni che si facevano abitualmente ma che ora non si fanno più. e.g. Italy used to produce and sell anti-personnel mines, then they stopped. When I was a child I used to go fishing with my grandfather. In questi casi è possibile usare il past simple ma "used to" mette in evidenza l'aspetto abituale di un azione o di un evento ed il contrasto con quanto accade nel presente.
•
Oppure, questa struttura si usa per descrivere uno stato di cose esistente in passato ma che non esiste più nel presente. e.g. There used to be a cinema here, then they closed it.
•
"Used to" è seguito dalla forma base del verbo. Le domande si formano con "did" e le frasi negative con "didn't". e.g. Did you use to play with your brothers when you were a child? I didn't use to train regularly, now I run every morning.
Ex. 35 Match the five questions on the left with their correct answers on the right. 1. 2.
Is the "Leopard" the most modern tank in the Italian Army? Is the seat of the Army language school in Rome?
3.
Is Germany divided into two?
4.
Is Mrs. Thatcher Prime Minister of the United Kingdom? Is the French Army fully integrated into the military structure of NATO?
5
No, it used to be, now it's a unified country. No, it used to be, but now it's the "Ariete". No. She used to be, but now she's retired. No, it used to be. No, it used to be, but now it's in Perugia.
Ex. 36 Form the correct question. e.g. Where did she use to work? She used to work in London. 1. 2.
They used to play tennis. He used to go to work by bus.
3.
She used to work nights.
Ex. 37 Now put the sentences into the negative. e.g. She used to work in London. She didn't use to work in London 1. 2.
They used to play tennis. He used to go to work by bus.
3.
She used to work nights.
Ex. 38 Listen to Jean talking about her childhood. Answer true (T) or false (F). T 1.
She was separated from her brothers as a child.
2.
Both her parents got married again.
3.
She didn't have a good relationship with her mother's second husband. She often played with other little girls.
4. 5. 6.
She didn't use to spend the summer holidays with her mother. She didn't go horse riding on Saturday.
7.
She adored life in London.
8.
Her childhood was very sad.
F
Ex. 39 Listen and read the passage then answer the questions.
Chemical and biological warfare programmes Disturbing news has reached us concerning South Africa's biological warfare programme in the 70's.
Testimony, given by white scientists to South Africa's "TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION" speaks of a deliberate practice of chemically causing infertility in black women without their knowledge. The anti-Apartheid regime worked on the development of untraceable agents and toxic substances for assassination purposes. Peter Gibbs an MI5 agent was said to have been chemically assassinated because he knew too much. Death by germ warfare is induced in such a way as to appear to be the result of natural causes. In the case of Mr. Gibbs, he was initially said to have had a stroke. Some of the killer tools described were: i) poisoned screwdrivers (the poison was released when the victim was stabbed). ii) cigarettes laced with anthrax. One important black official was poisoned with organophosphates absorbed through his skin from his underpants. Attention was focussed on the inhumane aspects of germ warfare when evidence was given of rivers being infected with cholera (the contaminated water kills the cattle, and the people die when we destroy their livelihood, and so on). Anthrax spores were used to contaminate land (anthrax survives in the soil for decades). It is said, that attempts were made to contaminate Nelson Mandela's medicine with thallium. Steve Biko's partly hallucinatory state, before being beaten to death in police custody, is possibly applicable to chemical poisoning. White supremacy was at the heart of the programme. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Who did white scientists give testimony to? Why did the anti-Apartheid regime work on the development of toxic substances? In the beginning how did we think Mr. Gibbs died? How did one important black official die? What do you know about anthrax after reading this passage? What was possibly put in Nelson Mandela's medicine?
Ex. 40 Match the word on the left to the word on the right closest in meaning. Disturbing
Cruel
To assassinate
Worrying
Initially
To contaminate
Inhumane
Centre
To poison
In the beginning
Soil
To murder
Heart
Earth
Ex. 41 Listen and read the passage then answer the questions.
THE GULF SYNDROME New evidence suggests that some Gulf war veterans suffered serious nerve damage, possibly caused by their exposure to lethal chemicals during the conflict. The study is to be published this week by a leading consultant neurologist. It is the first to identify a scientifically proven physical cause for what today, we refer to as the "Gulf Syndrome". Dr. Rejon reports that there is damage to the central nervous system of veterans, that is not evident in civilians of similar age and profile, who did not fight in the Gulf conflict. Soldiers who served in the Gulf, complain of fatigue, headaches, memory loss and aching limbs. Originally, the Pentagon and the MoD said these symptoms were stress related, but, due to increasing pressure from the media, the MoD is now funding an inquiry into the problems. We are at present still waiting for the results. Unfortunately, the Gulf "problem" is not limited only to the veterans themselves. There is another very disturbing aspect to the question. Many of the veterans and their partners have, since the conflict, had children and it seems that an abnormally high number of babies with genetic birth defects, including heart defects, intestinal abnormalities and absence of limbs, have been born. We must also remember that many veterans' wives either suffered repeated miscarriages, or had abortions, after scans revealed birth defects. As one veteran said "I promised to give my life for my country, not the life of my children". We must wait to see the results of the various studies. What is important is, that if it is scientifically proven that the use of chemical weapons, pesticides or other, are responsible, we must ensure that similar situations are avoided in the future and provide adequate compensation, to care for those that are suffering now. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
What were veterans possibly exposed to during the Gulf conflict? Who will the study be published by? What are the symptoms of the veterans? Did military agencies immediately begin an enquiry into the veteran's problems? Does this "tragedy" involve just the veterans? What birth defects do the children have? What did some women do, when they realized in pregnancy, that the foetus was abnormal? If the government and the military are to blame, what must they give veterans and their families?
Ex. 42 Match the words on the left with the word on the right that is closest in meaning. 1. 2.
Fatigue Serious
Non-military personnel In the beginning
3.
Lethal
Important
4.
Conflict
Tiredness
5.
Civilians
To give birth
6.
Leading
Proof
7.
Originally
Hostility
8.
Adequate
Deadly
9.
To have a baby
Grave
10. Evidence
Sufficient
Ex. 43 Listen to the speaker talking about the use of Answer true (T) or false (F).
sarin nerve gas. T
F
1. U.S. Armed forces used Sarin gas on the Vietcong. 2. As yet we don't know for sure, if the U.S. military used the gas on U.S. military personnel. 3. The Armed Forces possibly used the gas on American soldiers.
Ex. 44 Listen to the report on the use of Agent Orange and answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
What period do the statistics cover? What did the U.S. military spray? What is Agent orange? Why did they spray this substance? What birth defects did the children have? Does the Vietnamese government want compensation?
Recorded messages
Ex. 45 Listen to the recorded messages. Answer true (T) or false (F). Message 1 1.
This is the answering machine of a garage.
2.
If necessary ring Ms. Wynnette.
3.
You can phone Ms. Wynnette in the afternoon.
T
F
T
F
T
F
Message 2 1.
Patients can't see Dr. Phillips.
2.
There is no doctor at the surgery.
3.
Ring for an appointment at any time.
Message 3 1.
Fina Insurance will open at the end of the month.
2.
Customers can't leave a message.
3.
Fina insurance will call back customers who leave a message.
Ex. 46 Listen to these conversational exchanges. After each conversation you will hear a question. Choose the correct answer a), b), c) or d).
Identifying key information 1 a) b) c) d)
6 Near the beach. Close to John's mother and father's. Near Luisa's parents. We don't know.
2 a) b) c) d)
It was terrible. It was cheap. It was great! It wasn't very nice. Annie. Pete. Annie and Pete. Both of them.
Not enough. Less than the limit. Five kilos. More than the allowance.
a) b) c) d)
At the end of the day. When he wakes up. When he's sitting down. When he runs for five minutes.
9 Before going to the office. Early afternoon. At a quarter past-six. After work.
5 a) b) c) d)
a) b) c) d)
8
4 a) b) c) d)
One. More than one. None. Three.
7
3 a) b) c) d)
a) b) c) d)
a) b) c) d)
Because of family problems. Because his kids are ill. Because the weather will be too hot. Because of the weather forecast.
10 Because the shop was shut. Because Patrick didn't go. Because the shop was closed for repairs. Because he went mid morning.
a) b) c) d)
It's close to the chemist. It's ten minutes by car. It's a short bus journey. It's too far to walk.
Language Focus Phrasal verbs
Listen and read.
If the weather CLEARS UP, we will continue air strikes.
Ground intervention was inevitable, they refused to BACK
DOWN
FIND OUT their troop strength.
NB. "To clear up" significa migliorare con riferimento al tempo meteorologico. "To find out" significa scoprire con riferimento a informazioni e fatti. "To back down" significa arrendersi/rinunciare.
Listen and read.
• When the weather clears up we'll have our barbecue. • I found out that he betrayed his country. • If he has no alternative, he'll back down.
Ex. 47 Fill in the gaps with the correct phrasal verb. Choose from the list below. back down
clear up
find out
1. When did you __________ ___________ she's getting married? 2. Look! It's __________ __________ now, we can go out. 3. They __________ __________ because Allied Forces threatened intervention. Ex. 48 Listen to these conversational exchange. Answer true (T) or false F). Conversation 1 T 1.
The man and woman are speaking about their holidays.
2.
The man has news for the woman.
3.
The news concerns a possible pay increase.
Conversation 2 1.
John went sailing in the wind and rain.
2.
John looked at the rain and immediately decided to go to the cinema.
3.
John saw a film.
Conversation 3 1.
Patricia wants more money at work.
2.
Richard thinks she should accept the offer.
3
Patricia refuses to accept less than she wants.
F
Drills - Unit 8
Ex. 49 Listen and ask the questions, then write the questions. e.g. He used to work in Naples. Where did he use to work? 1. 2. 3. 4.
They used to live in the centre of Italy. I used to eat at the Mexican restaurant. She used to go to the gym. He used to train in Sicily. e.g. She used to work in the mornings. When did she use to work?
5. 6. 7. 8.
We used to play golf on Sundays. They used to fly at night. I used to swim at weekends. She used to study every day. e.g. The indicted war criminal was arrested. Who was arrested?
9. 10. 11. 12.
The prisoner was beaten. The men were tortured. The woman was raped. Civilians were killed.
e.g. The prisoner was released yesterday. When was the prisoner released? 13. Sanctions were imposed last week. 14. Refugees were rescued last night. 15. Humanitarian aid was delivered a week ago. 16. Sanctions were lifted two days ago. e.g. The details will be circulated tomorrow. What will be circulated? 17. 18. 19. 20.
Drinks will be served. Orders will be obeyed. Food aid will be sent. Blankets will be delivered.
Mini Test - Unit 8 Ex. 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Find the error in each sentence and write the correct sentence.
Where you used to train? I didn't used to speak Arabic, now I do. General Montgomery always use to wear a duffel coat. The field were cleared of mines by trained personnel. A civilian was shoot in the back by a sniper. He is taken to the hospital by ambulance last night.
Ex. 2
Fill in the gaps with the correct words. Choose from the list below.
will be 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
was
were
are
is being
New recruits __________ trained by the drill sergeant. Those soldiers __________ sent on missions abroad in the near future. The wounded soldier __________ treated by the doctor now. He __________ arrested for war crimes. Bodies of civilians __________ found in mass graves.
Ex. 3 Listen to this conversation between Colonel Glass and his Doctor, Major Amory, then answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Why did he go to see his doctor? Is Colonel Glass busy at the Quartermaster office? Does the Colonel have high blood pressure? What influences sleep patterns? What does a man of the Colonel's age need every day?
Ex. 4 Read the following news items. Answer true (T) or false (F).
NEWS ITEM 1
The headless corpses of three men were found last night by police divers in the River Thames. All three men were thought to belong to a religious sect.
T 1. Local people found the dead bodies. 2. A part of the dead men's bodies was missing. 3. Police are sure they were part of a religious group.
NEWS ITEM 2 22- year-old Tony Sanson of Oxford was arrested by police yesterday. He is charged with murdering taxi driver Peter Rivers on Christmas Eve. Sanson cut the taxi driver's throat after an argument over the fare.
T
F
1. The arrested person was a teenager. 2. The taxi driver wasn't killed on Christmas Day. 3. The murderer of the taxi driver did not use a gun. 4. At the time of the murder the taxi driver was off duty.
NEWS ITEM 3 Teenager Billie Dilner, was arrested early this morning for the murder of 82-year-old Emily Harper. Mrs. Harper was found strangled in her small London flat. The accused told police he only wanted her pension but she didn't want to give him it. His intention, he said, was just to frighten her.
T 1. Mrs. Harper lived in large country house. 2. Mr. Dilner carefully planned to kill her. 3. Mrs. Harper refused to give Mr. Dilner what he wanted.
F
F
Ex. 5 Listen and write the words you hear. Health
Conjunctions
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10
Ex. 6
Fill in the gaps with the correct phrasal verb. Choose from the list below.
Back down 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
clear up
break down
If this car __________ again, I'll buy a new one! I need to __________ as soon as possible. Before leaving you must __________ this form. Let's hope the weather ___________! Air strikes are planned if they don't __________. __________ before he sees you! Ex. 7 Choose the correct word. e.g. He had/have a fever. He had a fever.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
He was hurt/wounded in the hostilities. He has cold/a cold. Give me something for the pain/painful, please! I was sickness/sick all day yesterday. They were wounded/injured in the rail crash. Don't drinking/drink when you take that medicine. Dizzy/dizziness is a possible side effect. He fainted/faints, so I called a doctor.
fill in
find out
get in
UNITA’ 9
Istruzioni Questa unità introduce il “Present Perfect” usato per descrivere azioni e situazioni nel passato. La presentazione e la pratica di questo tempo verbale sarà successivamente seguita dal confronto con l’uso del “Simple Past”. In questa unità non saranno trattati tutti gli usi relativi al “Present Perfect” che lo studente potrà approfondire in eventuali corsi successivi. Per cogliere globalmente la differenza fra “Present Perfect” and “Simple Past” si dovrà porre particolare attenzione ai N.B. che illustreranno le difficoltà più ricorrenti per lo studente italiano. Per quanto concerne il livello lessicale verranno praticate le espressioni, le frasi idiomatiche e le parole più in uso relative al “PeaceKeeping”, alle conversazioni telefoniche e al linguaggio diplomatico. Verranno inoltre presentati esempi di “false friends”, cioè termini simili all’italiano che possono essere facilmente confusi.
9
Peace-Keeping Operations Telephone communications Land mines International cooperation
The art of diplomacy Listen and repeat.
I have enjoyed the meeting.
It has been a pleasure.
On behalf of my regiment......
It has been a great honor to serve.....
In our opinion, it has been a difficult year.
On the other hand, we believe that the talks have clarified the matter.
This has been a successful conference.
They have said they will continue the peace talks.
KFOR Commander Gen. Jackson, NATO Officers and Serbian representatives have gathered to discuss the Kosovo situation in the Decision Room tent.
Language Focus Verbs: The Present Perfect ●
●
●
●
●
Si forma il Present Perfect con il soggetto, l’ausiliare “have” + il participio passato del verbo principale. e.g. I have written the report. You have seen the barracks. The man has finished his work. Viene usata frequentemente l’abbreviazione dell’ausiliare. e.g. I have spoken to Mr. Smith. I’ve spoken to Mr. Smith. We have written the report. We’ve written the report. He has come. He’s come. Il Participio Passato dei verbi regolari si forma come il Simple Past, cioè, aggiungendo “-ed” alla forma base. Per i verbi irregolari il participio passato corrisponde alla terza voce del paradigma. e.g. to walk (walked) (walked) to eat (ate) (eaten) La forma interrogativa si fa invertendo la posizione del soggetto con l’ausiliare “have”. e.g. Joan has written a letter. Has Joan written a letter? He has studied English. Has he studied English? La forma negativa si costruisce aggiungendo “not” dopo l’ausiliare “have”. e.g. I have driven the car. I have not (haven’t) driven the car. We have worked. We have not (haven’t) worked.
NB. Ricorda che il Present Perfect si forma sempre con l’ausiliare “have”, mai con l’ausiliare “be”. e.g. He has fallen. ✔ He is fallen. ✖ They have gone. ✔ They are gone. ✖
The Present Perfect: I you he she it we you they
Affirmative have (‘ve) arrived at the airport. has (‘s)
bought a new car. started the report.
have (‘ve) Negative
I you he she it we you they
Have Has Have
have not (haven't)
telephoned home.
has not (hasn't)
locked the car.
have not (haven't)
spoken to him.
Interrogative I you he she it we you they
Have the soldiers been abroad? Yes, they’ve been to Somalia.
asked the Commander? loaded the truck? been to the briefing?
The men have flown in a helicopter. They haven’t flown in an AB206.
The Present Perfect: Long answers Yes, I have (I’ve) been to the Officers’ Mess. No, I have not (haven’t) been to the Officers’ Mess. Have you loaded the truck? Yes, I have (I’ve) loaded the truck. No, I have not (haven’t) loaded the truck. Has Major Bellow seen the new aircraft? Yes, he has (he’s) seen the new plane, Sir. Have you been to the Officers’ Mess?
Short answers Have you been to the Officers’ Mess? Yes, I have. No, I haven't. Have they loaded the truck? Yes, they have. No, they haven't. Has Major Bellow seen the new aircraft? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
Listen and repeat.
Have you seen the new Stealth plane?
Yes, I have! It is an amazing piece of equipment.
Where has Lt. Cole gone?
He has left the base. He’s gone to HQ.
Has the convoy arrived?
Yes, it has. The convoy’s arrived, Sir!
Has the Ambassador presented the budget?
No, he hasn’t. He has spoken on behalf of the Red Cross Committee and he’s spoken on behalf of the Veterans but he hasn’t presented the budget.
Ex. 1 Fill in the verb chart. e.g. to watch (watched) (watched) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
verb (infinitive form) to be to have to go to find to see to speak to steal to lose to break to marry to pay to drink to buy to fall to write to deploy to fly to live to explode to leave to collect to eat to think to tell to say to give to make to carry to keep to send to build to put to take to conduct to bring to lead to receive to employ to ignite to drive
(past)
(past participle)
NB. Per alcuni verbi irregolari consulti la tabella alla fine della quinta unitĂ .
Listen, read and repeat.
The soldiers have worked all morning. The soldiers have collected the bombs. The soldiers have stacked the bombs in six piles. The soldiers have found numerous bombs. The soldiers have not fired the ammunition. The soldiers have not exploded the bombs. The soldiers have not loaded the bombs on a truck. The soldiers have not left the bombs unguarded. Have the soldiers found and collected any bombs? Have the soldiers stacked the bombs? Have the soldiers taken precautions? Have the soldiers counted the bombs?
The utility helicopter has landed on the aircraft carrier. The pilot has gotten out of the aircraft. The rotor blades have stopped. The soldier on the left has begun refueling. The utility helicopter has not landed on the aircraft carrier. The pilot has not gotten out of the aircraft. The rotor blades have not stopped. The soldier on the left has not begun refueling. Has the utility helicopter landed on the aircraft carrier? Has the pilot gotten out of the aircraft? Have the rotor blades stopped? Has the soldier on the left begun refueling?
USAF Capt. Ace Wood has radioed the Aviano Air Base. He has transmitted his coordinates to the Air Control Tower. The Control Tower has given him permission to land. Capt. Ace Wood has not radioed the Air Base in Aviano. He hasn’t transmitted his coordinates to the Control Tower. The Control Tower has not given him permission to land. Has Capt. Ace Wood radioed the Base? Has he transmitted his coordinates to the Control Tower? Has the Control Tower given him permission to land?
Ex. 2 Look at the photographs and write the number of the image in the box next to the corresponding description of what has happened. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The NATO session has begun. The AB206 has landed and the men are running for cover. Two armed soldiers of the Patrol team have arrived. Mr. Norman Bates has parked his pick-up truck in front of the motel. Major Ionta and his magnificent horse have won an important equestrian event. The marching band has started to play. Ex. 3 Now, write the negative form for each of the above sentences. e.g. The NATO session has begun. The NATO session has not begun. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ex. 4 Now, write the interrogative form for each of the above sentences. e.g. The NATO session has begun. Has the NATO session begun? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ex. 5 Form questions using the present perfect. e.g. ( you / to ask / the Commander ) Have you asked the Commander? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
( he / to write / the report) (she / to return / the keys) (you / to visit / the doctor) (the platoon / to search / the area) (we / to loose / our position) (the C.O. / to inspect / the base) (they / to bring / documents) (he / to speak / the troops) (you / to take / ammunition) (Mrs. Dalloway / to drive / away)
Listen and read. The Air Force Academy has organized a military parade with the Marine Corps. The Air Force cadets and the soldiers have raised their banners and their flags. The local and national television crews have come to report on the day’s events. Numerous dignitaries from other states and other nations have come to pay their respects. The ceremony has begun.
Ex. 6 Form negative sentences using the present perfect. e.g. (Mr. Britten / to sell / his piano) Mr. Britten hasn’t sold his piano. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
(you / to pay / the bill) (you / to have / lunch) (they / to check / the equipment) (he / to speak / to Sgt. Wilson) (David / to receive / our message) (policemen / to arrest / the boys) (Mrs. Dell / to use / her computer) (Robert / to wash / his new truck) (The soldiers / to use / their rifles) (The man / to think / about it)
Ex. 7 Dictation: Look at the picture. Listen and write the sentences you hear.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ex. 8 Write the sentences putting the verbs into the Present Perfect. e.g. The bus (to turn) the corner. The bus has turned the corner. 1. 2.
Roger (to drive) his new truck into town. He (to park) on the corner of Pine Street and Fourth Avenue. He is waiting for his wife. It’s after 5 pm and his wife, Nan, (to leave) the office where she works. Roger (to buy) some flowers for her because it is her birthday. She especially likes yellow roses. Roger and Nan (to get into) their new Toyota truck. They (to fasten) their seatbelts and are talking happily about life.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Ex. 9 Match the two halves to form sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
I have finished We have seen It’s nine o’clock. Have Warrant Officer Smith has gone Have you been The soldiers Has he She has broken
to Louisiana for a training exercise. have returned to the base. spoken with the Sergeant? my homework. her ankle and is now wearing a cast. the Hitchcock classic “Psyco”. Great film! to the bank? they arrived?
Language Focus Use of the Present Perfect The Present Perfect: ●
Si usa il Present Perfect per descrivere azioni che si sono svolte in un momento o periodo imprecisato del passato. e.g. I have studied French. The police have arrested the thief.
●
Azioni accompagnate da avverbi come “lately, recently, yet, just, already, this week, this month, this year, until now,never, ever. e.g. Recently we have spent a lot of money. He hasn’t arrived yet. They have already eaten.
●
Entrambi le parole “never” and “ever” significano “mai”. Si usa “never” nelle frasi affermative e si usa “ever” nelle frasi negative e le frasi interrogative. e.g. I have never been to Cuba. Have you ever been to Egypt? I haven’t ever seen that film. Present Perfect: Adverbs of Time
I’ve quit smoking this month.
This year we’ve saved over two thousand dollars.
Today This morning This week This month This year Recently Until now yet just already
Have you studied recently?
never ever
Mr. Loo has just seen the Chief of Staff.
Action not specified
NB. Esistono alcune variazioni per quanto riguarda il “Present Perfect” fra l’inglese britannico e l’inglese americano. Con gli avverbi di tempo “just”, “yet” e “already” l’inglese britannico usa il “Present Perfect” mentre l’inglese americano può usare anche il “Simple Past”. e.g. He has just closed the door. (U.K.) He has just closed the door (U.S.) He just closed the door. (U.S.)
Entrambe le versioni sono corrette.
Language Focus Adverbs that take the Present Perfect Listen and read.
Just We have just seen one of your dogs in the road. We have just had lunch. The mechanic has just finished changing the battery. Mrs. Childs has just made this delicious cake.
Already The new recruits have already been to their barracks. The pilots have already flown over the Mediterranean Sea. The engineers have already updated all the maps and infrastructure information. Have you already seen that film? No, I haven’t seen it yet. Is it good?
Yet Where is James? He hasn’t come yet. Have you finished eating yet? Oh, yes, we finished about twenty minutes ago. Major Tell was looking for the report from Travis Air Force Base. Has he found it yet? Has the train left? No, it hasn’t left yet. It leaves at 4:15.
Recently, until now Have you seen James recently? I haven’t used our new truck until now. I have been to Spain recently......it was great! The weather, the food, the people! Recently there has been an increase in small urban crimes.
This morning, this week, this month This month we have had a lot of work at the recruiting center. This week I have answered about 25 request applications! Have the men loaded the supply vehicles this morning? Yes, Sir, they have done everything.
Never & Ever Has Melanie ever been to Japan? No, she’s never been. Not yet! Unfortunately, I have never worked abroad. The information from Raytheon Inc. has never arrived. Have you ever received a letter from them? Have the men ever flown at night?
Language Focus Just, already, yet Listen and repeat.
●
Have you already read the report?
Yes Sir! Thank you Sir, I’ve read it through.
Have you been to Fort Bragg yet?
Yes, I have. I’ve already been there twice.
Major Dodge can see you now. He has just returned from the morning’s briefing.
Fine, and I have just finished the financial report that he wants to discuss.
Has he already flown a Stealth aircraft?
No, he’s only flown helicopters.
Corporal, have you been to the Army Recruiting Office yet?
Yes, Sir. I’ve already been there. In fact, I have just returned.
Di solito le parole: “already, just” seguono l’ausiliare e precedono il verbo principale nella Present Perfect tense. La parola “yet” viene, invece, posta in fondo alle frasi interrogative. e.g. He has already written the accident report. They have just returned from the mission. Col. Castor has just seen the base . Has the plane already arrived? Have you read the newspaper yet? Has Marcus taken the dog to the Vet yet? Has Sgt. Moss already contacted the police? The bus hasn’t arrived yet.
Listen and read. Capt. Louise Marlow has just started a biological study. This week she has begun a Nuclear Biological Chemical Warfare course. She has recently studied biological and chemical agents. This morning she and her NBC team have flown from their base to the Delaware River. Capt. Marlow’s NBC team has recently decided to study the effects of chemical agents on environmental pollution. She has just taken a river water sample. She has already determined the pollution level of the Delaware River water. This year, many farmers in the area have complained about the pollution.
These nine Naval Officers have just gathered in the Mess Hall at the U.S. Naval Base in San Diego, California. These young men have recently graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy. It is 12.28 and they have just begun their meal. They have drunk tea, coffee, coca cola and milk. The three men on the left have already eaten their salad. The four men on the right have just taken more juice and water but they haven’t eaten their jello desert yet. The man with his back to us has just taken a piece of chicken. The man on his right is a vegetarian. Recently, the men have enjoyed their meals. They have just discussed the morning’s events. One officer is missing. He has just left the table. He has already returned to work.
Ex. 10 Complete the sentences with the correct words. Choose from the list below. already 1. 2. 3. 4.
yet
just
The accident has _______________ happened. It happened two minutes ago. I have ____________ called the ambulance. Has Lt. Alfred Newman been here _____________? Yes, but he has ______________ left for the airport. Have you told the police? No, I haven’t been to the police station _____________. Has Miss Thomas spoken to Mr. Green? Yes, she telephoned him a minute ago. She has _______________ given him all the necessary information.
Ex. 11 Listen to the passage and then tick the sentences true (T) or false (F).
T 1.
F
The young man started the University two years ago but he hasn’t finished. He has finished high school. He has been abroad. The young man has decided to join the Navy.
2. 3. 4.
Ex. 12 Complete the sentences putting the verbs into the Present Perfect. e.g. He __________ already ___________(to finish) his basic training. He has already finished his basic training. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
The gentleman _________ just ___________ (to sign) his name in the register. I _________ just ___________ (to eat) my M.R.E. ration but I’m still hungry. The Sgt. __________________ (to teach) his cadets everything from A to Z. __________you ____________ (to read) today’s newspaper yet? Did you read the article on the hurricane in Florida? What ____________ you _____________ (to do) to your uniform? It looks terrible! Recently many young women ______________________ (to say) that they want to join the Air Force. They are definitely not afraid of jets and helicopters. Our company _________ never _____________ (to do) extensive NBC (Nuclear Biological Chemical) Warfare Training.
Ex. 13 Put the words in the correct order. e.g. a just car Mr. Smith bought new 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
read already the I newspaper have to has Istanbul Mark never been just Capt. Igg returned HQ has from medical Lynn yet has taken exam the ? been ever you Berlin have to ? participated Major Wynn already in the parachute has exercise ?
Mr. Smith has just bought a new car.
Language Focus Never / Ever ●
Si usa “never” e “ever” quando si parla di un’azione che una persona nella vita ha o non ha mai fatto. e.g. Have you ever played golf? Yes, I have played golf.
1
2
Have you ever been to the Swiss Alps?
No, I’ve never been there.
Have you ever climbed a traffic light post?
No, I haven’t, but my brother has.
3
When you were a boy did you ever play tennis? No, I never played tennis.
4
When you were at the Academy did you ever study logistics? Yes, I did.
NB. Nei primi due esempi è stato usato il Present Perfect con “ever” e “never” in quanto ci si riferisce ad esperienze di vita, senza specificare il tempo in cui sono accadute. Negli altri due casi è stato usato il Simple Past con “ever” e “never” poichè ci riferisce ad un preciso periodo di tempo, ormai finito.
Ex. 14 Tick the correct sentence a) or b). 1.
a) b)
When I was on holiday last year, I have never swum in the sea. When I was on holiday last year, I never swam in the sea.
2.
a) b)
When you were at university did you ever take part in demonstrations? When you were at university have you ever taken part in demonstrations?
3.
a) b)
Before joining the Army I have never trained regularly. Before joining the Army I never trained regularly.
Ex. 15 Complete the sentences using never or ever. e.g. I have ____________ been to the Vatican Museum. I have never been to the Vatican Museum. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Have you ___________ eaten in the Mess? When I was young, I ___________ thought about finances. Susan has ____________ learned to swim. Has your father _____________ visited Italy?
Ex. 16 Write questions using “Have you ever........?� e.g. (to run / New York Marathon) Have you ever run in the New York Marathon? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
(to fly / helicopter) (to play / tennis) (to read / The Wall Street Journal) (to be / Sicily) (to have / measles)
Ex. 17 Write the sentences using the model below. e.g. (I/never/to wear/uniform) Before I joined the Army, I never wore a uniform. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
(I/never/to fly/helicopter) (Jim/never/to fire/rifle) (I/never/to wear/gas mask) (Lt. Smith/never/to march) (we/never/to work/radar)
Before I joined the Army,....
Ex. 18 Listen to Sam telling us what he has done and what he has never done. Now fill in the chart below.
Sam’s activities 1. 2. 3. 4.
He has done the following: he.... 5. 6. 7. 8.
He has NEVER done the following: he.... 1. 5. 2. 6. 3. 7. 4. 8.
Language Focus Contrasting the Simple Past with the Present Perfect ●
Ricordiamo che in Inglese sono gli avverbi di tempo che regolano l’uso del “Simple Past” e del “Present Perfect”. Mentre in Italiano prevale l’uso del passato prossimo anche in molti casi in cui si dovrebbe usare il passato remoto, in inglese il Present Perfect e il Simple Past hanno usi diversi e ben precisi. Si consiglia lo studente di consultare con attenzione la tabella dove sono inseriti gli avverbi di tempo che richiedono l’uso di uno o dell’altro tempo verbale. Present Perfect: Adverbs of Time Lt. Col. Briggs has been to Russia. Lt. Col. Briggs went to Russia last year. Frank has just telephoned. Frank telephoned five minutes ago. This year we have been very lucky. Last year we were definitely unlucky. Has the plane arrived yet? Did the plane arrive on time last night?
Simple Past: Adverbs of Time
Today This morning This week This month This year Recently Until now
yesterday 2 weeks ago 3 months ago 6 years ago a long time ago
yet just already
Last week Last month Last year
When did....?
never ever Action not specified
NB. Si consiglia vivamente di evitare di tradurre letteralmente dall’italiano in inglese. Ricordiamo che la scelta del corretto tempo verbale dipende dalle espressioni di tempo usate nella frase. e.g. I ate yesterday. ✔ I have eaten yesterday. ✖
Ex. 19 Write the sentences putting the verbs into the Simple Past. e.g. I (to be) to Paris last summer. I went to Paris last summer. 1. 2. 3. 4.
The soldier (to go) home last week. When the Ambassador (to authorize) the meeting with the Chinese delegates? The ship (to sail) from the harbor three days ago. Major Riggs (to brief) the new pilots yesterday morning.
Ex. 20 Now write the sentences putting the verbs into the Present Perfect. e.g. I (to be) to Paris. I have been to Paris. 1. 2.
The soldier (to go) home. The Ambassador (to authorize) the meeting with the Chinese delegates yet? The ship (to sail) from the harbor. Major Riggs (to brief) the new pilots?
3. 4.
Ex. 21 Complete the sentences using the Simple Past or the Present Perfect. e.g. The man ____________ (to steal) the money 24 hours ago. The man stole the money 24 hours ago. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Sgt. Lewis __________ already _______ (to finish) his work. The woman __________ just _________ (to tell) us about the accident. The journalist _______________ (to arrive) in Belgrade last week. When did the people ________________ (to arrive)? The enemy force __________ just __________ (to invade) the territory in question. Sgt. Smith ______________ (to do) the correspondence three hours ago. He’s now busy with the personnel records. When he returned to Italy, he ________________ (to visit) Florence again. The Chief Warrant Officer __________________ (to keep) his men well informed. When he was young, he _______________(to have) a German Shepherd dog. Yesterday the platoon ___________________(to escort) a U.N. convoy across the bridge.
Ex. 22 Write the sentences putting the adverbs of time in the correct position. e.g. The man has bought his train ticket. (already) The man has already bought his train ticket. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
The secretary has finished typing the manuscript. (just) Miss Sally Bowles has sung in European nightclubs. (never) Major Isherwood has received notification of his transfer. (already) Unfortunately, we haven’t used the Global Positioning System. (yet) Have the paramedics carried the wounded soldier to the First Aid Tent? (already) Have you been to the Hawaiian Islands? (ever)
Ex. 23 Listen to the sentences. Tick Simple Past (SP) or Present Perfect (PP).
SP
PP
1. 2. 3. 4.
Ex. 24 Tick the correct sentence a) or b). e.g. a) Tom Wolfe wrote “The Right Stuff” in 1979. ✔ b) Tom Wolfe has written “The Right Stuff” in 1979. ✖ 1.
a) b)
Where was the briefing yesterday? Where has the briefing been the day before yesterday?
2.
a) b)
Have you finished writing up that equipment request? Have you finished writing up that equipment request yesterday?
3.
a) b)
When have you bought your fantastic Honda motorcycle? When did you buy your fantastic Honda motorcycle?
4.
a) b)
He has had a meeting two hours ago in Brussels. He has had two meetings in Brussels this year.
5.
a) b)
Who taught the aereodynamics course last January? Who has taught the aereodynamics course last January?
6.
a) b)
Lt. Anne Cleves has read the German publication three days ago. Lt. Anne Cleves has read the German publication easily.
7.
a) b)
Chief W.O. Jasper Johns did not report the accident yet. Chief W.O. Jasper Johns has not reported the accident yet.
8.
a) b)
I have met the new General on Tuesday. I met the new General on Tuesday.
9.
a) b)
We have done our training exercises this morning. We have done our training exercises yesterday morning.
10.
a) b)
The helicopter arrived at the airport yesterday. The helicopter has arrived at the airport two weeks ago.
Ex. 25 Change the following sentences from the Simple Past to the Present Perfect. e.g. The troops received their orders yesterday. The troops have received their orders. 1.
The soldiers located the enemy camp.
2.
Jacques Blanc, a French journalist, wrote five articles about life in the Middle East.
3.
She worked as an interpreter.
4.
Three men inspected the armory this week.
5.
He joined the Army Special Forces Unit.
6.
The Army sent our brigade on a special Peace-Keeping mission.
7.
We bought six new computers for our office staff.
8.
The doctor is not in his office at the clinic. He went home.
9.
We had no casualties during our mission abroad.
10.
Col. Jones spoke to the General about the plans for a new gym in the barracks.
Ex. 26 Listen to the conversation between Major Riccardi and Captain Johnson. Then tick the sentences true (T) or false (F).
T 1.
Major Riccardi has called the Financial Office about the Financial Budget.
2.
The Financial Budget Report concerns the Financial Budget for the year 2000.
3.
Capt. Johnson said that the Financial Budget Report has not been finished yet.
4.
Capt. Johnson has told Major Riccardi that the Financial Budget Report will be sent out tomorrow.
F
Ex. 27 Listen to the statements. After each statement indicate if the verb is in the SP (Simple Past) or PP (Present Perfect).
SP 1.
Hello Mr.Louzall! Did you have a nice flight to California?
2.
No! Actually, I had a terrible flight!
3.
What happened?
4. 5.
Well, unfortunately, I have lost my passport. In fact, I lost my passport and my other documents yesterday.
6.
How did you lose your documents?
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Well, I arrived at the San Francisco Airport yesterday at about 9.30 a.m. I collected my luggage. Then I took a taxi to the center of the city. When I reached the hotel, I discovered that I didn’t have my briefcase. I left my briefcase in the back seat when I got out of the taxi. I had my suitcase, I had my newspaper, I had my hat and umbrella, but I didn’t have the most important thing, my briefcase!
19. Well, did you call the Yellow Cab Taxi service? 20. Of course! I called them yesterday. 21. And I have called them again today 22. but they haven’t seen my briefcase. 23. How will you stay in San Francisco without your personal documents? 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
I don’t know. I have been to the police station. I have been to the office of the Yellow Taxi Service. I have returned to the airport ...... but I have not found my briefcase! Now I am going to the Italian Embassy in San Francisco. I have spoken with a certain Mr. Lamberto who said he will help me obtain a temporary passport.
PP
SP PP 31. Have you lost your money too? 32. Did you leave your wallet in the taxi yesterday? 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.
No! Fortunately, I had my wallet, with all my money and credit cards, in my pocket. I have lost my passport and my driving license, my work papers and my glasses, but I haven’t lost my Italian lire or my “green bucks”. Two years ago, I lost my baggage and 6 months ago I lost my wife. I got off in New York but she continued on. I think she got off in Mexico City. I haven’t seen her again! Ex. 28 Listen to the passage again and tick the statements true (T) or false (F).
T 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
F
Mr. Louzall has lost his money. He took a taxi from the San Francisco Airport to the hotel. Two years ago he lost his baggage. The police helped Mr. Louzall find his wallet. Mr. Lamberto works at the Italian Embassy in San Francisco. Mr. Louzall has spoken to Mr. Lamberto about his passport.
Ex. 29 Complete the sentences using the Simple Past or the Present Perfect. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Mr. Louzall _________________(to lose) his briefcase yesterday. He ____________________(to go) to the airport yesterday but he ___________________ (not / to find) his briefcase. Mr. Louzall often loses things. He said that he ______________(to lose) his luggage two years ago. Mr. Louzall ___________________ (to inform) Mr. Lamberto at the Italian Embassy about losing his passport. After arriving at the airport Mr. Louzall _____________________ (to take) a taxi to the hotel. He ___________________(to ask) the police to help him find his briefcase.
Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico Ex. 30 Listen and read and then answer the questions.
The 49th Fighter Wing More than fifty F-117A Nighthawks fly out of Holloman Air Force Base and the 49th Fighter Wing. They have been mobilized and deployed worldwide to participate in peacetime and wartime contingencies. This single-seat aircraft has been designed to elude enemy radar and drop sophisticated precision-guided munitions on heavily defended targets. The Stealth aircraft moved to Holloman in 1992, and since then the stealths have been used in Southwest Asia in operations like Southern Watch, as well as on missions in Bosnia for Operation Allied Force. The photograph above shows a Nighthawk Stealth fighter (F-117A) of the 49th Fighter Wing, 9th Fighter Squadron “Iron Knights”, which has flown from the Holloman Air Force Base for a training mission over the New Mexico desert.
1.
Where is Holloman Air Force Base located?
2.
What is the group “The Iron Knights”?
3.
When was the Stealth aircraft moved to Holloman?
4.
How many pilots does the F-117A Nighthawk carry?
5.
What type of munitions does the Stealth Nighthawk drop?
6.
Where was Operation Southern Watch carried out?
Ex. 31 Listen and complete the sentences using the Present Perfect. The Garibaldi Brigade _________________ to Kosovo. They _______________ over 700 men to the area and the army _____________ many tanks and vehicles as part of the contingent Not all of their equipment _____________________ but it is expected to arrive soon. The Brigade ______________ new clothing to protect the soldiers from extreme weather conditions. They ________________sleeping quarters and they _____________________ about the other logistical needs of the mission.
Ex 32 Listen and answer the questions. 1. 2. 3.
Has Tom sold his car? Who bought Tom’s car? Has Tom bought another car?
Ex. 33 Listen and answer the questions. 1. 2.
Sarah has taken an exam. What exam? Was the exam difficult or easy?
Ex. 34 Listen and answer the questions. 1. 2. 3.
Who has attended a course recently? What course has Bob just finished? Has Ted started his training yet?
Ex. 35 Listen to the conversation between these two New York City (NYC) Policemen and then tick the sentences true (T) or false (F).
T 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
F
Spring has come. Tiny and Saul are colleagues on the NYC Police Force. It is snowing in Brooklyn. It is raining in the subway station. The temperatures in Manhattan have decreased.
Ex. 36 Listen to the telephone conversation between two friends and then tick the sentences true (T) or false (F).
T 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
F
Chandler knew about the promotion yesterday. Rachel has started a new job. Chandler and Rachel are friends. Chandler hasn’t spoken to Phoebe. Rachel telephoned Chandler.
Ex. 37 Listen to the conversation between Col. Riglietto and Capt. Smith and then answer the questions. 1.
Who has answered the phone at the Security Office?
2.
Who has Col. Riglietto asked to speak with?
3.
Who has just arrived at the airport in Florence?
4.
Who has left his telephone number and extension number for Major Burns?
Language Focus Gone / Been ●
Talvolta “been” viene usato come verbo di movimento, per cui, è seguito dalla preposizione “to”. e.g. He’s been to New York three times. I have been to the shops today.
●
Le parole “have been to” significa essere stati in un posto (ed essere ritornati) mentre “have gone to” significa essere in viaggio per un posto (ma non essere ancora di ritorno). e.g. Joe isn’t here. He has gone to the cinema. Where is Capt. Rollo? I think he has gone to the Base. Listen and repeat. Have you ever been to Bosnia? Good Morning. Where has Lt. Collins gone?
Yes, I was there from 1992 to1994. He’s gone to the Recruiting Office. He will return later today.
Listen and read. This is Capt. Jason Argonot. He is an officer in the USAF. He has been assigned to Travis Air Force Base where he has become an experienced pilot. He has flown all over the world. In fact, he has been to Europe and to Asia. Now he is on a NATO mission.abroad. He has gone to the Balkan area. Many American men and women have made their careers in the military and are now proudly serving their country.
Listen and repeat. Have you ever been to Paris?
Yes, I have. I’ve been there many times.
Has Lloyd gone to the dentist?
No, he hasn’t. He’s been to work and now he's gone bowling.
Ex. 38 Complete the sentences using been or gone. e.g. The man has _________ to Rome many times. The man has been to Rome many times. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Major Dawson was here earlier but I believe he has _______________ now. We have never _______________ on a Peace-Keeping mission. Gary! When did you return to California? Have you __________ to Europe? Mrs. Truman is not here, in fact, she doesn’t live in New York now. She’s ____________ to Montreal. The new restaurant is really nice! Have you ______________ there yet? Capt. Miller has just completed his tour abroad. He has ____________ to the Balkan region. Where is Junior? Has he already ________________? I’ve been on vacation recently. I’ve ___________ to Egypt and then to Syria which was very interesting.
Ex. 39 Look at Colonel Richard’s agenda arrangements for December 18th, then listen and write the answers to the questions.
Tuesday
December 18th 09.00 Briefing with General Larson 10.15 Meeting with inspectors from Army Staff 12.30 Early lunch with journalists from “Jane’s Defense Weekly”. 14.00 Staff meeting to discuss logistics for the arrival of female recruits 15.30 Pick up car from mechanic 16.00 Take wife’s brother and family to the airport 18.00 Christmas Charity Concert – Church of St. Patrick
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ex. 40 Write ten or more English words of three letters or more using the letters from the word helicopter.
HELICOPTER 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Ex. 41 Complete the sentences with the correct words. Choose from the list below. worked is enjoys has been
answered includes
begins arranged hasn't taken has worked accepted worked
Susan Redmond now __________ for the law firm of Scully, Barnes and Arnett. She ___________ a legal secretary, though she ____________ as an interpreter for five years before she ____________ her present job. Susan _____________ her job. A typical day for a legal secretary _____________ at 8.00 am and ____________ routine tasks such as opening the mail and answering legal correspondence. This morning, in the first hour, she _____________ the telephone seven times and _____________ several appointments for clients of the firm. She ____________ some legal documents also but Susan _____________ a coffee break because she _____________ too busy.
works has typed
Logistics Read the passage. Logistics is a branch of the Army that is concerned with supplying the soldier with “all he needs to live, to move and to fight”. It is the process of planning and carrying out the complete support of operating forces during the execution of military operations. It is said that Logistics is the “bridge that connects the nation’s industrial strength to its operating forces”. Therefore, an Army’s strength is also viewed as the ability of an Army to support its soldiers and its systems and the total operational efficiency with what is needed, when it is needed and where it is needed. One of the best examples of good logistic power was Operation Desert Storm in which the American Army sustained its force with great efficiency and rapidity. There are five main logistical activities: supply, maintenance, transportation, recovery and medical assistance. The task of the Supply group is to equip and sustain Army forces during combat operations. This involves the storage and distribution of everything that is used by a soldier, from uniforms to rifles, from water and food to spare parts and ammunition. The task of Maintenance is, obviously, to maintain the equipment operational or functional. This involves extensive support including diagnostic and repair teams. The fundamental principle of maintenance/repair in military operations is to minimize the time required to return a piece of equipment to a 100 % functional condition. The task of Transportation is a key element in logistics. Effective transportation requires a balanced and integrated system of movements. There are two types of motor transportation: non tactical transport and tactical transport. The task of Recovery involves the rapid evacuation of damaged and failed equipment from the combat zone. The task of Medical Assistance or combat health support is to preserve the health and lives of the combatants. Patients are examined, treated and returned to duty as soon as possible or, if they are unable to continue in combat, they are sent to a medical center for further treatment. In case of injury or illness or death, the MEDEVAC or CASEVAC teams are notified to carry out the evacuation.
Ex. 42 Answer the following questions on Logistics. 1. What is logistics? 2. What connects a nation’s industrial strength to its operating forces? 3. What team do you call in case of injury? 4. What is the fundamental aim of repair operations? 5. What are the two types of motor transportation?
Ex. 43 Listen to the description of the problem. Write the Logistic problem and the Logistic task team needed. e.g. During combat, a soldier has injured his leg. Task of Medical Assistance– Medevac. Logistic problem
Logistic task team
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Ex. 44 Complete the following note using the Present Perfect. Dear Joe, I ________________ (leave) the office for a few hours because my wife called to tell me that my daughter __________________ (become) ill and that she needs to see a doctor. There’s a report on my desk that I ______________________ (not / finish). Please complete it for me and take it to the Commander’s office right away. He ___________________ (be) informed of my absence. Thanks, Col. Rivers
Language Focus The Present Perfect: Passive form
The Marine Corps has selected him.
He has been selected by the Marine Corps.
The violent storm has damaged the bridge.
The bridge has been damaged by the violent storm.
The engineering team has assessed the damage to the bridge.
The damage has been assessed by the engineering team.
Present Perfect The army has sent three thousand soldiers on special missions this year. His superiors have promoted Captain Fitzgerald to the rank of Major. The Commander has assigned me to guard duty.
Present Perfect Passive Three thousand soldiers have been sent abroad on special missions this year. Captain Fitzgerald has been promoted to the rank of Major by his superiors. I have been assigned to guard duty.
Ex. 45 Write the following sentences in the passive form. e.g. The man hasn’t stolen the money. The money has not been stolen. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
The policeman has stopped the speeding car. They have just heard a gun shot. She has sent the documents to the Embassy. We have informed the Chief. Have they moved that tank yet?
Ex. 46 Complete the table using the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Passive.
PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE
The army has purchased new tanks.
New tanks have been purchased.
The explosion has injured three men. His keys have been lost. The thief has stolen the money. Her savings have been spent. The army has deployed many units. The message has been sent.
Ex. 47 Crossword puzzle. Fill in the words or acronyms according to the indications. 2 1 1 3
4
2 4 3 5 6 5
ACROSS 1. an enlisted man 2. color of Army uniforms 3. vehicle larger than a car 4. there are 5 in the English alphabet 5. opposite of weak 6. opposite of left
DOWN 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Branch of Army Medical team opposite of yes a task of maintenance unites two bodies of land global positioning system
MEDEVAC / CASEVAC Request
Read the passage. A MEDEVAC or CASEVAC request is trasmitted by telephone or radio. MEDEVAC or CASEVAC by definition is the medical evacuation or the casualty evacuation from points of injury to the next level of care. The time-factor has first priority. The MEDEVAC or CASEVAC request must contain the following information. ♦ Your location. Call sign of unit/team/sector HQ and name of person requesting evacuation. ♦ Nature of injury or illness (for example: head injury, broken leg, heatstroke). ♦ Casualty location (G.P.S / Global Positioning System coordinates). ♦ Number of casualties. ♦ Additional information (for example: nature of accident, possible local hazards like fire, explosions, hostile activities, mines), condition of patient (stable / deteriorating).
Message: MEDEVAC / CASEVAC From: (Unit or Team) ______________________________________________________ To: (Medical Unit or Unit with ambulances or helicopters). See SOP (Standard Operative Proceedures) ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Date / Time A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K.
Request Ambulance / Helicopter Requesting Contingent / Unit Location of patient(s): Degree of URGENCY: (immediate, delayed, not urgent) Time of injury / Accident Number of persons to be evacuated Type of casualty (death, injury, illness): Description of injuries (diagnosis) Patient 1 Patient 2 MEDEVAC/CASEVAC EMERGENCY TEAM is / is not required Area and marking of LZ (Landing Zone) Additional information sent with patient or ASAP by radio (blood type, allergies)
Ex. 48 Read the following passage and fill in the MEDEVAC message form. January 14th, 2000 Peace-Keeping Mission in Bosnia. The Special Forces Inter-X Unit is on a mission abroad. Your unit is responsible for arms control on the border area. Your name is Major Robert Penn. You are the commanding officer. Two of your soldiers, Capt. Daniel Dodge (blood type O positive) and W.O. Owen Scully (blood type B positive, allergic to penicillin) were injured in an accident. Their jeep ran over a land mine. Capt. Dodge, the driver, is in a state of shock and his condition is deteriorating. W.O. Scully has a severe leg injury but his condition is stable. The jeep was completely destroyed. The accident occurred at 13.00 hours 32 TANGO, MR 4750 – 5025 G.P.S. coordinates. The situation is not good. You make a MEDEVAC request for the two injured men. They must be transferred to a civilian hospital ASAP (as soon as possible). There is a landing zone 200 meters from the site of the accident. You also request a Land Mine Dog Squad and a De-Mining Team with another request form.
Message: MEDEVAC Request From: (Unit or Team)_______________________________________________ To: (Medical Unit or Unit with ambulances or helicopters) See SOP._________ Date ____________Time ______________________________________ A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K.
Language Focus The Past Participle used as an adjective
Listen and read. The Italian-made NBC gas masks are modern and efficient. The stolen money was found in the trunk of the car. He has sent me a written report. The bombed city is 35% destroyed. Don’t go there! It is a restricted area. The unpaid bills are on my desk. You can leave the rented car at the airport. Watch out! There’s broken glass on the floor. He has joined the Armed Forces. Were you in the flooded area? I definitely do not like frozen food. W.O. Dodd is a married man. I have just bought a used car. The deployed troops have arrived at destination. The Carabinieri Officers have located the lost documents. The damaged vehicles are blocking the road. There are approximately 180 evacuated refugees.
Ex. 49 Match the two halves to form sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Last year I bought He is a The Captain briefed his group The fallen tree has The Carabinieri mobile force The trained NATO forces
well-known journalist. blocked the road for six hours. have begun the PfP mission. on the guarded ammunition shelter. a used truck. It runs well. found the stolen car.
Making telephone calls Listen and repeat.
Good morning. This is Major Conners calling.
Good morning Sir!
Making telephone calls: Essential Vocabulary Listen and repeat the following key sentences: Hello Goodbye May I speak to ……. Hello,………..calling. Speaking I'm sorry the line is busy. It's busy. It's engaged. Could you hold the line please? Just a moment please. I'm sorry you have the wrong number. Sorry, wrong number. May I take a message? Can I leave a message? Just one moment. I’ll put you through. Thank-you for calling. Give me a ring. When can I call back?
Pronto Arrivederci. Posso parlare con….. Pronto,…….. chiamando. Sono io. Mi dispiace. La linea è occupata E' occupato. E' occupato. Può attendere in linea per favore? Un attimo per favore. Mi dispiace, ha sbagliato il numero. Mi dispiace, ha sbagliato il numero. Posso prendere un messaggio? Posso lasciare un messaggio? Un attimo. La metto in communicazione. Grazie per aver chiamato. Fammi uno squillo. Quando posso ritelefonare?
Listen and read the following telephone conversations: MARK: ALBERT: MARK: ALBERT: MARK: ALBERT: MARK: ALBERT: MARK:
Hello, is Albert there? Speaking. Good morning Albert. This is Mark calling. How are you? I'm fine thanks. And you? I'm fine. I have just called to invite you to dinner on Sunday. I'd love to come. What time? At seven o'clock. See you on Sunday. Bye. Bye.
LT.: MAJOR: LT.: MAJOR: LT.:
Hello? Hello, may I speak to Colonel Parker please? Who is calling please? This is Major Scott. Just one moment Major Scott, I'll put you through to the Colonel….
LT.: KRAMER: LT.: KRAMER: LT.: KRAMER: LT.:
Hello? Hello. May I speak to Sergeant Wilson please? This is Captain Kramer calling. I'm sorry he's not in the office now. May I take a message? Yes. Would you ask him to call me. My telephone number is 392 7171. Yes, Sir. I'll give him your message when he returns. Thank you. Goodbye You’re welcome. Goodbye.
Ex. 50 Complete the conversation with the correct words. Choose from the list below. calling A: B: A: B: A: B: A:
goodbye
speaking
hello
that’s right
may I speak
_________. Hello, _______________ to Colonel Brown please? ____________. Good morning Colonel. This is Major Davis ______________. I wanted to confirm our appointment for tomorrow at 2:00 p.m. Yes, _______________. 2:00 p.m. as scheduled. See you tomorrow then. ________________. Goodbye. Ex. 51 Listen to the following telephone conversations and answer the questions.
Conversation 1 Tick the sentences true (T) or false (F).
T a) b) c) d)
General Box is going to Bosnia on short notice. General Box left no message. General Coleman must call General Box. General Box will contact General Coleman in the near future
Conversation 2 Choose the correct answer a), b), c) or d). Major Fulton: a) does not require billeting. b) will travel alone. c) will be accompanied by another officer. d) will attend the conference in mid-September. Conversation 3 Choose the correct answer a), b), c) or d). Captain Jones: a) gives possible dates for the visit. b) will travel with Sir MacKenzie. c) has family problems. d) will call the Romanian Liaison Office tomorrow. Conversation 4 Choose the correct answer a), b), c) or d). This conversation is about: a) a conference next month. b) the Australian Army Defense Budget. c) an eventual guided tour of the SLEE. d) an invitation to speak to SLEE students.
F
Read.
Identifying yourself
Person calling: Hello, this is Major Scott calling. Hello, this is Major Scott speaking. Hello, it's Major Scott.
Person answering: Hello, 634209 Hello, Captain Jones speaking.
NB Si usa la terza persona singolare per identificarsi al telefono: e.g. This is Major Scott calling. ✔ I’m Major Scott. ✖ Who is speaking please? Who is speaking please?
Asking for someone
Taking a message
Leaving a message:
It’s Major Scott. ✔ I’m Major Scott. ✖
Person calling: Is Major Rees there? Is John in? Could I speak to Mrs. Winters? Can I speak to the Officer in command?
Person answering: May I take a message? Can I take a message? Would you like to leave a message?
Person calling: May I leave a message for Lt. Smith? Can I leave a message? Could you give him this message? Please, have him call me back.
Ex. 52 Match the words on the left with the words on the right that are closest in meaning. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Hello 634209. Hello is John there? I'm sorry, wrong number. Could you hold the line please? Oh no, its engaged. This is John here.
The line is busy. Wait just a moment please. John speaking. You have reached 634209. You have dialed the wrong number. May I speak to John please?
Ex. 53 Put the following conversational exchange in the correct order. Captain Marks: Mrs. Bolton. Captain Marks: Mrs. Bolton: Captain Marks: Mrs. Bolton: Captain Marks. Mrs. Bolton:
Thank you, goodbye. Yes, please do. Do you think I could leave a message? Yes of course I'll do that. Thank you for calling, goodbye. Good evening. This is Captain Marks. May I speak to Colonel Bolton? Hello. Southampton 668109. Could you tell him that tomorrow's meeting is now at 15:30 and not at 16:00 as planned. No, I'm sorry. He's not here at the moment, this is his wife.
Land Mines Listen and repeat
Anti-personnel mine
Anti-tank mine
Trip wire
Minefield
Trip wire
FUSE
Booby trap
Fuse
Listen and read. Land mines: definition The accepted legal definition of a landmine is: "ammunition placed under, on or near the ground or other surface areas and designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of a person or vehicle". The fuse may incorporate a tripwire, an anti-handling device or some form of electronic sensor. An anti-personnel mine is a mine which is designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of a person and that will incapacitate, injure or kill one or more persons.
Ex. 54 Read the passage again. Choose the correct answer a), b) c) or d). 1. The central theme of this discussion is: 2. An anti-personnel mine is designed: a) the design of explosives. a) to contact people and vehicles. b) the presence of a person. b) for the purpose of maiming or killing people. c) the definition of landmines. c) to be proximate. d) the contact of people and vehicles. d) underground. 3. Landmines explode: a) by contact. b) at random. c) at night. d) when necessary.
4. A landmine is an explosive device: a) launched by rockets. b) easy to find. c) placed near surface areas, sometimes underground. d) attached to vehicles.
Listen and read. Classical use When used in accordance with traditional military doctrine - a rare occurrence in recent conflicts - mines are primarily defensive, tactical battlefield weapons, intended to protect military bases and key installations as well as to hinder and deter the enemy. They are intended to protect open flanks, deny access to routes and strategic positions, restrict the enemy forces' ability to maneuver, and force them to deploy in areas where they are most vulnerable or least likely to attack with success. Landmines are said to be sentries that never sleep: alert 24 hours a day, and performing consistently in all weather conditions.
Ex. 55 Tick the sentences true (T) or false (F).
T 1. 2. 3. 4.
Mines are intended as attack weapons. The movement of enemy forces may be affected by the presence of landmines. Landmines work all hours of the day. When it rains, landmines don't function.
F
Ex. 56 Listen and read. Then answer the questions. LAND MINES: An Interview Interviewer:
Welcome to Radio Free Bosnia. Today we have a special guest, Captain Rossi, who is an Army Engineer with the Mine Information Co-Ordination Cell. He has come to talk to us about the danger of land mines, probably the single most dangerous risk members of SFOR face in theatre. Good morning Captain Rossi. Please tell us about the mine problem in Bosnia.
Capt. Rossi:
Good morning. As you know the mine problem has been a crucial one in Bosnia-Herzigovina. Latest estimates have shown that there are over 30,000 minefields containing about 1,000,000 mines in the area. In Sarajevo there are many unknown minefields and new ones are found every day.
Interviewer:
What should we do if we suspect a minefield?
Capt. Rossi:
You mustn't take unnecessary risks. A warning must be sent immediately to local units and Force Headquarters. The Force engineers will send a minefield reconnaissance team to mark and to record the mined area. The minefield must be guarded 24 hours a day until a qualified Explosive Ordinance Disposal (EOD ) team has cleared and marked the area.
Interviewer:
What if there are no minefield maps or information about minefields available?
Capt. Rossi:
If mines are known to have been used anywhere in the theatre of operations, assume that all areas are mined until there is evidence to the contrary. It's better to be safe than sorry.
1. How many minefields are there in the area of Bosnia-Herzigovina? 2. What is the first action to take when you suspect a minefield? 2. Who is responsible for clearing a mined area? 4. What is the greatest risk that members of SFOR must face?
CIMIC Listen and read the passage. It is necessary to understand that the NATO CIMIC program is different from the COCIM program of the Italian Army. The CIMIC program is under the umbrella of International Peace Support Operations. The COCIM program is the cooperation between Italian Civilian and Military groups within Italy (for example: military aid to a disaster area in Italy). Degraded civil authority, a precarious economic state, ethnic rivalry, displaced people and refugees, and the abuse of human rights are often the effects of long term military/paramilitary conflicts. The process of restoring order to a crisis zone, helping the civilian population and rebuilding the essential structures is a very complex task. Allied commanders have a moral and legal responsibility to the civilian populations in their area. Therefore, Allied Force commanders need to establish relationships with various civilian authorities and organizations. The task of Peace-Keeping and Peace-Building is a multiform task and this task is usually carried out by both civilian and military groups that must work together in a political, social, humanitarian and economic context. Political authorities and military commanders must coordinate their efforts when planning and conducting operations. This is the concept of the NATO program for Civilian-Military Cooperation (CIMIC). CIMIC, according to the AJP-1 is now defined as: “The resources and arrangements which support the relationship between NATO commanders and national authorities, civil and military, and civil populations in an area where NATO military forces are or plan to be employed.
Ex. 57 Complete the sentences with the correct word. Choose from the list below. complex
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
essential
human
civilian
long term
displaced
CIMIC programs offer help to refugees and ________________ civilians. The problem is very ______________. Recent events have caused tragedy and the abuse of ______________ rights. Military and _________________ authorities must work together. It is necessary to rebuild the ________________ structures. A precarious economic state and degraded civil authority are often the results of __________________ armed conflicts.
Read the passage.
The aim of CIMIC is to establish and maintain the full co-operation of the civilian population and institutions within a commander’s area of operation in order to create civil-military conditions which offer him the greatest possible moral, material and tactical advantages. The long term purpose of CIMIC is to create and sustain conditions which will support the achievement of a lasting solution of the crisis. CIMIC is guided by 10 principles. The first four principles govern its military use and the remaining six principles govern the civil-military relationship. 1. Priority: the military mission takes priority in all circumstances. 2. Command direction: the direction of CIMIC activity is the responsibility of the commander. 3. Economy: CIMIC activities are most often carried out in circumstances where the civil population has inadequate infrastructures and a lack of essential goods and services. The desire to relieve human suffering can lead to a depletion of the resources available to sustain the military force. Military resources are limited and must be preserved to sustain the military capability. 4. Assets: concentration of assets available for CIMIC operations will normally be limited and they must be used appropriately. 5. Civil benefit: civilian organizations usually do not wish to work with the military. They are often distrustful and afraid to compromise their independence and authority. Therefore, an allied force must offer the civilian organizations something they need such as manpower or equipment. 6. Common goals: once a relationship between the military and the civilian group is established, it must be maintained. This can be difficult during hostilities. Allied commanders must recognize common goals and integrate them into military plans and operations. 7. Consent: every effort must be made to secure the consent of civilian organizations. Coercion has a similar effect but it gives poor results and usually does not last. 8. Humanity: individual dignity and individual human rights must be respected within the limitation of the law and the Rules of Engagement. 9. Transparency: sometimes there are tensions between civil and military groups. CIMIC personnel must reduce tensions with clarity of information and transparency. 10. Communication: it is important to maintain open and constant communication.
Ex. 58 Match the words on the left with the words on the right that are closest in meaning. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
consent duty common regulation shortage priority benefit conflict
same or shared lack advantage prime importance hostility task rule authorization
Ex. 59 You will hear six CIMIC statements in random order. Listen to each statement separately and then write the number of the “guiding principle” beside each statement. Consult the CIMIC reading passage on page 46. Guiding principle number 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Ex. 60 Vocabulary check. Choose the correct answer a), b), c) or d). 1. The expression “long term” means: a) lengthy terminology. b) of long duration. c) of brief duration. d) interim period of time.
3. The word “distrustful” means: a) full of trust. b) lack of trust. c) disturbing. d) encouraging.
2. The verb “to sustain” means: a) to give support to. b) to give consent to. c) to make available to. d) to render active.
4. The words “depletion of resources” mean: a) acquisition of resources. b) provision of resources. c) depth of resources. d) consumption of resources.
Language Focus Phrasal verbs
This soldier’s work deals with air traffic control.
NB. “To carry out” significa eseguire o effettuare. “To deal with” significa occuparsi di, trattare con o fare affare con. “To keep out” significa tenere fuori o nel caso del imperativo, vietato l’accesso.
Listen and read. The soldiers were required to carry out their mission during the night. Danger. Land Mine Area. Keep Out! The emergency crew has to deal with several calls a day. They weren’t able to carry out their plans because they didn’t have enough money. Unauthorized personnel must keep out. I will deal with the matter immediately. The mission was dealt with and carried out by the 39th Fighter Squadron. There is a Keep Out sign on the door of the Radiation Room. Sgt. Gray has successfully dealt with that particular problem. The soldier carried out his duty with honor and determination!
Ex. 61 Complete the sentences with the correct phrasal verb. Choose from the list below. carry out 1. 2. 3. 4.
deal with
keep out
It is the responsibility of the Quartermaster to _________________ matters concerning food. The sign on the door said ____________________!, Chemical Testing Area. They were ordered to ____________________ their mission in enemy territory. The de-mining process was ______________________ by the E.O.D. team.
Ex. 62 Listen to the following briefing and then tick the sentences true (T) or false (F).
T 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
The purpose of the briefing is to give information about a mission. The mission will take place after the winter season. The commander gives his briefing three months before winter. The movement of troops will be affected by road conditions. No minefields have been detected in the mission area. Troops must travel only in designated areas. The units already in the area need more supplies. The mission is for special reconnaissance. The briefing is given in the afternoon. The troops must mark minefields as part of this mission.
F
Language Focus “False friends” ●
I “false friends” sono parole inglesi che somigliano a parole italiane ma hanno un significato diverso. E’ necessario quindi prestare molto attenzione. e.g. Factory significa fabbrica e non fattoria. Actually significa davvero o veramente e non attualmente. Faith significa fede religiosa e non fede matrimoniale. Read. The words in red are “false friends” and are used incorrectly. Where does Bob Gordon live?
He lives on a factory with lots of animals.
✕
He lives on a farm with lots of animals.
I lost my faith in the hotel room.
What did you lose?
I lost my wedding ring in the hotel room.
Where are you working actually?
✕
At present, I’m working in Liverpool.
✕
Where are you working now?
Look at the following sentences. In each sentence the word in red is a false friend. That supermarket is so convenient. Its prices are very low. Pay attention! There are land mines in the area! He’s never rude, he’s so educated! There is a large Fiat car fabric in Turin.
Ex. 63 Complete the sentences with the correct word. Choose from the list below. polite 1. 2. 3. 4.
cheap
factory
watch out!
That supermarket is so __________________. Its prices are very low. __________________ There are land mines in the area! He’s a real gentleman. He’s never rude. He is very ______________. There is a large brick ____________________ in Milan.
✕
Ex. 64 Listen to these people speaking. Match the word on the left to its correct translation on the right. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
convenient Pay attention! educated fabric actually
veramente stoffa comodo Ascoltate! istruito
Ex. 65 Complete the sentences with the correct word. Choose from the list below. convenient
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
actually
cheap
watch out
faith
educated
factory
farm
I believe in God. My ______________ is very important to me. Have you seen Major Roberts? ______________ I think he has left the base. _________________ That glass is going to fall! Mary’s children all go to the same school. It’s very ________________ for her. That woman never went to school and, as a consequence, she is not well _______________. There’s a lot of pollution from that chemical ___________________. Lisa loves animals. She would like to live on a ________________. Flights to Paris are quite ________________ during the low season.
The Language of Diplomacy: Essential Vocabulary Listen and repeat the following key sentences: As far as I'm concerned In my opinion Deal with A breakthrough On behalf of my country (army, unit, Commander, etc.) It is a privilege It has been a great honor To our great disappointment With all due respect Regarding the matter On the other hand It has been a pleasure I'm sure you are all aware Yes, of course That's very nice of you Yes please, if you would be so kind I'm afraid I must disagree On the contrary, I think that I don't think it's such a good idea I am very sorry but I have a previous engagement We regret to inform you Last but not least Thank-you most sincerely
Per quanto mi riguarda Secondo me Occuparsi di / trattare con / fare un affare con Un passo avanti / un progresso Per conto di; a nome di E' un privilegio E' stato un grande onore Con nostro gran disappunto Con tutto il dovuto rispetto Per quanto riguarda la questione Dall'altro lato / d'altra parte / d'altro canto E' stato un piacere Sono sicuro che vi siete informati / voi sapete che Si, senz'altro / naturalmente Molto gentile da parte sua Si, se potesse essere cosi gentile Mi dispiace, devo dissentire ( non concordo) Al contrario, io penso che‌ sia una Io penso che non sia una buon'idea Mi dispiace tanto ma io ho un impegno precedente. Ci rincresce di informarvi.. Ultimo ma non da meno / meno importante Grazie sinceramente / di cuore
Ex. 66 Listen and read the following telephone conversation. Choose the correct answer a), b), c) or d). Colonel Tait:
Hello, Colonel Tait speaking.
Captain Markison:
Hello Colonel Tait. This is Captain Markison calling on behalf of General Adams. He would like to invite you to a conference on Special Tactics and Rescue. This conference will be held at our base next month on the 17th.
Colonel Tait:
It sounds interesting. Let me check my calendar. I'm very sorry but I have a previous engagement on that day. I'm afraid I won't be able to attend. Perhaps on another occasion.
Captain Markison:
Yes of course, Sir. We'll inform you as soon as the next conference is scheduled.
Colonel Tait :
If you could be so kind. Thank you. Please give my regards to General Adams.
Captain Markison:
I'll do that, Sir. Thank-you. Goodbye.
Colonel Tait :
Goodbye.
1. The person calling is: a) b) c) d)
a General. a Colonel. a Staff Sergeant. a Captain.
2. The person answering the call: a)
decides to accept the invitation.
b) c)
declines the invitation. will call back after checking his calendar. would like to speak to the Colonel.
d)
3. The conference will be held: a) b) c) d)
this month on the seventh. next month on the sixteenth. next month on the seventeenth. in two months on the seventeenth.
4. Colonel Tait: a) would not like to attend another conference at a later date. b) wants the General to call him back. c) can’t attend the conference because he is too busy. d) is rude to the caller.
Ex. 67 Tick the sentences true (T) or false (F).
T 1. 2. 3.
Captain Markison has called Colonel Tait. General Adams has told the Capt. to give his regards to Col. Tait. Colonel Tait has been asked to give a report at next month’s conference.
F
The U.N. Charter: Peace-Keeping Listen and read. The United Nations Charter says that the aim of the United Nations is “to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security”, and when necessary, “to take collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats” and for “the suppression of acts of aggression”. Certain principles have become common to all Peace-Keeping Operations: Peace-Keeping does not involve Peace-Enforcement and therefore it is necessary to have the consent and co-operation of the parties in conflict. Peace-Keeping Operations must have the support of the international community as represented by the Security Council of the United Nations. Member States volunteer troops or military observers needed for a PeaceKeeping Operation. The willingness of the Member States to provide troops is of crucial importance. The operation is under the command of the Secretary-General who is responsible to the Security Council. It is a basic principle of Peace-Keeping Operations that the military personnel in a Peace-Keeping Operation do not accept orders from their national authorities, but from their United Nations Commander, who receives his orders from the Secretary-General. Failure to respect this chain of command can lead to serious operational and political difficulties. In the case of Peace-Keeping Forces which are armed, force is used to the minimum and usually only in self-defence. The costs of a Peace-Keeping Operation are considered to be the collective responsibility of the Member States. Each Member State is responsible for and asked to pay its share based on that Member State’s ability to pay.
Ex. 68 Vocabulary check. Choose the correct answer a), b), c) or d). 1. The word “aim” means: a) dissolution. b) formation. c) purpose or goal. d) firing at.
2. The word “strength” means: a) weakness. b) opposite of weakness. c) stress. d) ability to react rapidly.
3. The word “security ” means: a) safety. b) order. c) danger. d) economic stability.
4. The word “collective” means: a) pertaining to a collection. b) effective. c) single. d) combined.
5. The words “acts of aggression” mean: a) kindness. b) hostile acts. c) diplomatic acts. d) military diplomacy.
6. The word “support” means: a) sustenance. b) supply of ammunitions only. c) supply of medical aid only. d) supply of food and water only.
7. The word “willingness” means: a) reluctance. b) necessity. c) unfavorably disposed. d) favorably disposed
8. The words “under the command of” mean: a) under not over. b) contrary to. c) responsible to. d) according to.
9. The words “responsible to” mean: a) under the authority of. b) in support of. c) in co-operation with. d) deployed to.
10. The verb “to accept” means: a) to intercept. b) to interfere. c) to agree. d) to disagree.
11. The word “failure” means: a) success. b) not a success. c) omission. d) deterioration.
12. The words “chain of command” mean: a) a hierarchy of responsibility. b) an electric saw for cutting wood. c) a written command. d) a telephone command.
13. The words “in the case of ” mean: a) a type of briefcase. b) a court case. c) inside the briefcase of. d) with regards to.
14. The word “minimum” means: a) the least. b) the most. c) an equal amount. d) maximum.
15. The expression “self-defence” means: a) injury to oneself. b) protection of oneself. c) judo. d) self-reliance.
16. The word “each” means: a) a determined number. b) every other. c) every. d) all.
17. The words “responsible for ” mean: a) under the authority of. b) in charge of. c) in co-operation with. d) deployed by.
18. The word “share” means: a) a portion or a part. b) an equal part. c) a partnership. d) a membership.
Circumstances under which force may be used Listen and read.
The use of force is permitted only for self-defence under direct attack. Only the minimum force is to be used. In fact, the only circumstances in which fire may be opened are the following: Self-defence, including defence against attempts by force to disarm PKO personnel or to prevent it by forceful means from carrying out its task. In the defence of PKO posts, territory and vehicles under armed attack. In support of other PKO troops under armed attack.
Some examples of when force might be employed are as follows: 1. Self-defence, including attempts to disarm PKO personnel when the safety of PKO personnel is endangered. 2. When attempts are made by force to compel PKO personnel to withdraw from a position which they occupy under orders from their commanders or to infiltrate and envelop these positions. 3. When attempts by force are made to prevent PKO personnel from carrying out their responsibilities as ordered by their commanders. 4. When violation by force is made on UN premises. 5. When attempts are made to arrest UN civilian or military personnel.
Firing for effect If a situation develops where “firing for effect” is the only option, the action of “firing for effect” must be preceded by specific warnings. For example: oral warnings showing the United Nations flag firing flares, understood by the hostile parties as warnings firing warning shots in the air firing “short”. If there is an immediate threat to UN lives, or if casualties have already occurred, firing for effect or firing to hit may be initiated without delay.
Ex. 69 Listen and read the following sentences about PKO personnel and the use of force. Tick the sentences true (T) or false (F) according to the information given on page 447.
T 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
F
When the safety of PKO personnel is endangered a Commander may use armed force. Firing “short” means to shoot at the nearest person. Force may be used to protect PKO premises. Warnings must follow “firing for effect”. When hostile troops force PKO personnel to withdraw from their position, this is considered an act of aggression.
Ex. 70 Complete the sentences with the correct word. Choose from the list below. self-defence 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
armed
aim
flag
firing
warnings
The use of “firing for effect” must be proceeded by specific ______________________. Self-defence also includes the support of a PKO post under _______________ attack. The showing of the United Nations ____________________ is considered a warning signal. A circumstance in which fire may be opened is _______________________. The _______________ of UN Peace-Keeping is to keep peace without the use of fire. Firing for effect or ______________ to hit is authorized in the case of an immediate threat to UN lives.
Listen to the speaker talking about U. N. Forces protecting humanitarian operations. “Well, first of all our mandate is the protection of the humanitarian agencies, that have as their goal the safe delivery of humanitarian aid. The problems arise because hostile parties often create difficult or dangerous situations. Sometimes the situations are practically impossible. At times we’re dealing with irregular militias or even selfproclaimed authorities and frequently, for their own reasons, they don’t want aid to reach the refugees or displaced persons. So we are working in a situation that is often chaotic and lawless. At times we find ourselves engaged in confrontations and conflict. PeaceKeeping becomes very difficult when you’re surrounded by factions determined to continue their war.”
Ex. 71 Listen to three statements about the passage and tick true (T) or false (F).
T
F
1. 2. 3.
Ex. 72 Vocabulary check. Choose the correct answer a), b), c) or d). 1. The word “mandate” means: a) civilian law. b) military law. c) papal law. d) authoritative command.
2. The word “militia” means: a) a paramilitary group. b) a group of military officers. c) a group of civilians. d) a group of policemen.
3. The word “lawless” means: a) without law. b) lack of military law. c) lack of humanitarian law. d) lack of traffic police.
4. The word “chaotic” means: a) disorganized. b) confused. c) state of chaos. d) all of the above.
Ex. 73 Listen and read the following speech. Then choose the correct answer a), b), c) or d).
Ladies and Gentlemen, On behalf of the Italian Army Chief of General Staff I take pleasure in welcoming you to Rome. We are here today to speak about co-operation between nations. I would like to say first that we consider it a privilege as well as a pleasure to host this conference in Italy. We are proud of the presence here today of representatives from all NATO Nations and Commands, NATO Partners, military organizations and civilian organizations as well. They are all proof of the importance we attach to Multi-National Co-operation We hope that the conference will provide answers to the many problems which we are faced with. And we hope that the organizational arrangements we have set up are adequate for a successful business session. As the Host Nation we hope that we will be successful in making everybody feel at home. Ladies and Gentlemen, enjoy the conference and enjoy your stay in Italy. With that, I have the privilege and the honour to open the conference!
1.
The speech is given: a) by the Chief of General Staff. b) to welcome the Chief of General Staff. c) to politicians. d) by a representative of the Chief of General Staff.
3.
The aim of the conference is: a) to provide answers to problems. b) to create many organizational problems. c) to welcome problems. d) to organize a meeting.
2.
The Host Nation is: a) U.S.A. b) Italy. c) NATO: d) England.
4.
The conference: a) includes both men and women. b) includes both civilians and military. c) is in Rome. d) all of the above.
Drills - Unit 9 Ex. 74 Listen and form the correct questions. Then write the questions. e.g. He has bought a new suit. What has he bought? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
He has written a report. They have built a bridge. I have lost my suitcase. We have repaired the brakes. He has flown an AB206 helicopter. e.g. He has briefed his men.
Who has he briefed?
6. He has met the ambassador. 7. They have deployed the EOD team. 8. She has telephoned her mother. 9. We have worked with the Germans. 10. I have contacted HQ. e.g. Capt. Wolf has gone to Pec. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Where has Capt. Wolf gone?
The Brigade has gone to Kosovo. They have gone on patrol. Mary has gone to the bank. They have gone fishing. Capt. Gordon has gone to the Ammunition depot. e.g. I went to Bosnia last year.
When did you go to Bosnia?
16. 17. 18. 19.
I met the General yesterday. They arrived last week. He flew to Paris this morning. We radioed the MEDEVAC team immediately. 20. I delivered it a few days ago. e.g. No, I haven't seen the report. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
No, we haven't spoken to the NCO. No, they haven' t accepted the plan. No, she hasn't eaten. No, I haven't received the news. No, he hasn't led a battalion.
Have you seen the report?
Ex. 74 Continued. e.g. We have never been to Spain. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
Have you ever been to Spain?
I have never flown a jet. They have never slept in a tent. He has never worked abroad. We have never lost a game. It has never functioned properly. Listen and form negative sentences. Then write the sentences. e.g. I have signed the forms.
31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
I haven’t signed the forms.
They have arrived at the base. The enemy has surrendered. Capt. Smith has found his passport. I have taken a holiday. He has explained the strategy. Listen and form affirmative sentences. Then write the sentences. e.g. Has the meeting begun?
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
Has she studied English? Have you paid the bill? Have the draftees cleaned the barracks? Have they arrived? Has the bomb exploded?
Yes, the meeting has begun.
Mini Test - Unit 9
Ex. 1 Tick the correct sentence a) or b). 1.
a) b)
He has read the paper. He have read the paper.
2.
a) b)
It’s midnight! Where did you go? It’s midnight! Where have you been?
3.
a) b)
I have never ridden a horse! I never rode a horse!
4.
a) b)
When I was a child I never ate vegetables! When I was a child I have never eaten vegetables!
5.
a) b)
When have your parents married? When did your parents marry?
6.
a) b)
He’s bought his car last year. He bought his car last year.
7.
a) b)
The Romans invaded Britain in A.D. 45. The Romans have invaded Britain in A.D. 45.
8.
a) b)
They restructured their house in 1973. They have restructured their house in 1973.
9.
a) b)
Where’s Anne? She has been to the drug store. Where’s Anne? She has gone to the drug store.
10.
a) b)
My grandfather died before I was born. I never met him. My grandfather died before I was born. I have never met him.
11.
a) b)
Have you ever been abroad? Did you ever go abroad?
12.
a) b)
Has Major Denman already gone to yesterday’s PfP conference? Has Major Denman already gone to the PfP conference?
Ex. 2 Form the correct question. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Yes, he has been to Zambia twice. They were born in 1961. No, sorry. Wrong number. No, Henry is not here at the moment. Yes, John is here. Just a moment. I’ll call him.
Ex. 3 Complete the sentences using 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
yet
already
or
just .
The refrigerator is full. I have _____________ done the food shopping. Oh, you’re a minute too late! Your boss has _____________ called. Have you finished the report ______________? We need to send it off today! Lt. Daniel Boggs has _____________ worked abroad. He was in Bosnia six months ago. We’re worried! We haven’t been paid _____________ !
Ex. 4 Put the words in the correct order. 1. 2. 3.
telephoned we already home have just the enemy bombed city the has arrested police yet the criminal the haven’t
Ex. 5 Listen to the following telephone conversation between Joanne and Robert and then tick the sentences true (T) or false (F).
T 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Edward wants to go to Madrid. Edward went to Spain the day before yesterday. Edward will be in Spain all month. Robert won’t be at Monday’s meeting. Lydia won’t be at home next Monday.
F
Ex. 6 Listen to Capt. Ricci talking about his involvement in the Peace-Keeping mission in East Timor and then answer the questions. 1.
When did he go to Bosnia?
2.
What were the two biggest problems he mentioned concerning Bosnia?
3.
What did he say about the climate in East Timor?
4.
What was difficult for the soldiers?
5.
What did he see in East Timor?
6.
What did he see in East Timor and in Bosnia?
7.
What did he see in the faces of the local people?
8.
What will he never forget?
Ex. 7 Complete the table with the missing words.
Noun
Adjective
heat humid desperation afraid kindness sad brutality violent
Ex. 8 Match the two halves to form sentences. 1.
The EOD has already carried
down on cigarettes and coffee.
2.
We need your name and address. Please, fill
up so we decided to go for a walk.
3.
NATO negotiations began
down about five miles from here.
4.
Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson have just found
out the de-mining activity in the area north of Pec.
5.
I have left my car on the roadside. It broke
into a small economy vehicle.
6.
It started to clear
in the personal information form.
7.
Sgt. Williams has just cut
after the conflict broke out.
8.
The man ran past the slick sports car, past the big powerful Honda motorcycle and got
out where the crime took place.
UNITA’ 10
Istruzioni Questa unità si concentrerà sul consolidamento delle funzioni comunicative, strutture morfo-sintattiche e del lessico presentati durante questo corso. L'unità è divisa in due parti. La prima relativa al "listening" e la seconda dedicata agli esercizi di "reading".
10
Revision Unit Part one - Listening Part two - Reading
Part One: Listening
Ex. 1 Listen to the conversations and write the spelling of the words you hear. 1. 2. 3. 4. Ex. 2 Listen and write short answers to these personal questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ex. 3 Listen to these statements and write the numbers you hear. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ex. 4 Listen to the description of London and list the adjectives you hear. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Ex. 5 Listen to Col. Adams speaking about Capt. Bradley. List the adjectives you hear. 1. 2. 3. 4. Ex. 6 Listen to Marilyn describing the food they ate in the restaurant last night. List the adjectives you hear. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Ex. 7 Listen to the following questions. Choose the correct response/answer a) or b). 1.
a) I get up at 7.30. b) I got up at 7.30.
2.
a) It's about 130 km. b) No, it's not.
3.
a) It took him a long time. b) It didn't take her long.
4.
a) The soldiers did. b) The sergeant.
5.
a) In Milan. b) In the mornings.
6.
a) Smoke. b) Work.
7.
a) He lived there in 1964. b) He left after lunch.
8.
a) No, tomorrow. b) Yes, they arrived last night.
9.
a) Ski for a long time. b) Sit in the sun at midday.
10. a) Yes, he's always late. b) There's a train strike. 11. a) Yes, there were. b) No, there aren't. 12. a) They're theirs. b) It's his. 13. a) Yes, I did. b) No, I haven't. 14. a) We've already eaten. b) Yes, we did. 15. a) He saw his girlfriend. b) They saw their friends.
Ex. 8 Listen to Mrs. Winters conversation with her husband. Answer true (T) or false (F). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
She rang her husband late morning. Their sons didn't inform her about the party. The young people didn't smoke at the party. The boys damaged the carpet. Mr. Winters is returning at the end of the week.
T
F
Ex. 9 Listen to these statements. Finish the sentence with an appropriate word. Choose from the list below. rain
weather
sunny
hot
storms
snow
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Ex. 10 Listen to the following conversations. After each conversation you will hear a question. Choose the correct answer a), b), c) or d). Conversation 1 1.
a) b) c) d)
A toothbrush. A hat. Some shoes. A shirt. Conversation 2
2.
a) b) c) d)
Her doctor. A policeman. The dentist. A taxi driver.
Conversation 3 3.
a) b) c) d)
In the living room. In the bathroom. On a plane. In the garden. Conversation 4
4.
a) b) c) d)
He's a doctor. He's a policeman. He's an artist. He's a cook. Conversation 5
5.
a) b) c) d)
A passenger. A patient. A friend. A colleague.
Ex. 11 Listen to these conversational exchanges. Conversation 1 Lucy is talking to Patrick about her holiday plans. Answer the questions. 1. When is Lucy going on holiday? 2. Who has already been to Greece? 3. Did Patrick go to Greece alone? 4. What's the weather usually like in Greece in July? Conversation 2 List Captain Alonso's operations abroad. Indicate the place and the date. 1. 2. 3. Conversation 3 Mr. Royce is talking to his doctor. Answer true (T) or false (F). T 1. Mr. Royce never plays tennis. 2. Mr. Royce felt the pain while he was playing tennis. 3. Mr. Royce wants a painkiller.
F
Ex. 12 Listen to this woman describing the man who stole her bag. As you listen, make the corrections in the passage below. Well, he was tall. About 1.85 and he had a beard. His after-shave was very strong. I remember that. He was wearing a dark blue jacket and grey trousers. I think he was in his fifties.
Ex. 13 Listen to Warrant Officer Williams talking about the accident he had. As you listen make the corrections in the passage below. Well, it was early morning and I was driving to my doctor's appointment. Suddenly a blue Escort came across from the other side of the road and hit my car. Fortunately, we weren't driving fast. The man got out of the car and apologized. He said he lost control of the car because the road was icy. Thank God nobody was injured. Ex. 14 Listen and write the full form of the sentences you hear. e.g. He's taken his medicine. He has taken his medicine 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Ex. 15 Listen to the following news items. After each news item you will hear a statement. Choose the correct answer a), b), c) or d). News item 1 a) b) c) d)
Is for a politician. Is next Thursday. Is at the beginning of next week. Is for a queen. News item 2
a) b) c) d)
Is on Saturday or Sunday. Is not in Europe. Is in Brazil. Is not very important. News item 3
a) b) c) d)
Will make the visit alone. Went to Japan last year. Will make the visit with his wife. Is not in the Far East.
News item 4 a) b) c) d)
Will not be attended by the PM. Is made by the Queen alone. Is late evening. Is in the afternoon. News item 5
a) b) c) d)
A serious fire. A programme on T.V. 60 dead people. The victims of an explosion. News item 6
a) b) c) d)
Is a boy. Was helping his teacher. Has a very old teacher. Is a girl. Ex. 16 Listen to the following telephone conversations. After each conversation you will hear a question or statement. Choose the correct response a), b), c) or d). Conversation 1
a) b) c) d)
Chiara. Chiara's friend. Ann. We don't know. Conversation 2
a) b) c) d)
The next day. At half past three. At 4.30. Late afternoon. Conversation 3
a) b) c) d)
Speaks to Captain Reilly. Is at home. Is with a superior officer. Answers the phone.
Ex. 17 Listen and indicate the statement that is closest in meaning. 1.
a) Luggage must not be left here. b) You can leave your suitcases there.
2.
a) He rode until very late. b) He didn't go to sleep early.
3.
a) Can I open the window? b) Shall I open the window?
4.
a) She wasn't at the meeting. b) There wasn't a meeting.
5.
a) The man began to play football when he was at school. b) The man became a professional football player while at high school.
6.
a) The plane landed in Paris. b) The plane took off in Paris.
7.
a) The woman gave Marco the message. b) The woman has a message for Marco.
8.
a) Mrs. Rossi didn't go to the airport to meet her husband. b) Mrs. Rossi was alone at the airport.
9.
a) The men eat at night. b) They don't like working at night.
10. a) This is not the first time car workers are on strike. b) This is the first time car workers strike. 11. a) Jean doesn't want a dog. b) Jean hasn't got a dog. 12. a) Because it was summer time. b) Because the weather was bad. 13. a) The man wants a drink. b) The man wants sparkling wine. 14. a) The man is a vegetarian. b) He likes meat. 15. a) He's not going to the dinner because he's not well. b) He doesn't want to go to the dinner.
16. a) He went to work after speaking to his boss. b) He spoke to his boss at work. 17. a) He hurt his leg at home. b) He injured his leg on the way home. 18. a) John lent his car to his cousin. b) John needed a car. 19. a) Mary mustn't clean her house. b) Mary doesn't need to clean her house. 20. a) The Colonel lives in Caserta. b) The Colonel is going to Caserta. 21. a) The woman walks to the barracks. b) She doesn't go to work on foot. 22. a) A lot of people lost their lives in the earthquake. b) Nobody died in the earthquake. 23. a) The refugees escaped. b) The refugees are returning. 24. a) Many African countries have political problems. b) Many African countries don't have enough food and water. 25. a) Corp. Jones died tragically in battle. b) Corp. Jones died because of a mistake. Ex. 18 Listen to these questions/statements. Choose the correct response a) or b). 1.
a) No, they weren't well. b) Yes, the Colonel went.
2.
a) My wife did. b) Their grandmother does.
3.
a) Francis is having a party. b) Frank. We went to his party last year.
4.
a) Yes, thank you. b) An aisle seat, please.
5.
a) He is. b) We do.
6.
a) Yes, it's my car. b) Why should I?
7.
a) They search vehicles and people. b) They protect homes.
8.
a) No, but he will tomorrow. b) Yes, he does.
9.
a) Don't shoot! I'm not armed. b) Why are you shooting?
10. a) They're arriving tomorrow, Sir. b) 3,000, Sir. 11. a) What is your question? b) Oh, I'm sorry, read this. 12. a) Well, we can't say exactly. b) The casualties were taken to hospital. 13. a) Not before the end of the month. b) Yes, they will leave. 14. a) Local people. b) Unidentified objects. 15. a) To be impartial. b) To take sides.
Ex. 19 Listen to the following news items.
Answer true (T) or false (F). T
F
News item 1 a) The plane hit a mountain. b) A lot of people were on the plane. c) The plane took off from a city in the US. News item 2 a) The US President met delegates yesterday afternoon. b) The President spoke about organized crime. c) People of different nationalities will speak with the President. News item 3 a) The accident happened in the afternoon. b) The accident was not serious. c) It was a serious train crash. News item 4 a) The Prime Minister made no comment on inflation. b) Inflation is under 10%. c) The Prime Minister wants to reduce inflation. News item 5 a) The weather is extremely cold. b) This is the refugees' first night in the camps. c) There are 250,000 refugees.
Ex. 20 Listen and write the dates you hear. e.g. the 15th of October . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Part Two: Reading
Ex. 1 Insert the correct verb in the blanks. Choose from the list below. disobey
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
drink
shoot
touch
read
worry
drive
Don't __________! I'm not armed! Don't __________ fast! The roads are wet! Don't __________! There's a mine to your right! Don't __________! You're safe now! Don't __________ that water! Don't __________ my orders! Do it now! Don't __________ those letters! They're personal! Don't __________ It could be a booby trap. Ex. 2 Write the plural of the following words.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Watch Bus Box Activity Leaf Boy
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Wife Tomato Child Man Woman Brush
Ex. 3 Match the questions on the left with the correct answers on the right. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
When did you marry? Has he ever been to Finland? Who gave you that watch? How long was he Brigade commander? Have you seen my ID card?
My sister did. Before going to Bosnia. 15 months. Yes, here it is. Yes, 3 times.
move
Ex. 4 Choose the correct sentence a) or b). 1.
a) Now, he has a shower. b) He's shaving now.
2.
a) Stop! Where are you going? b) Stop! Where do you go?
3.
a) They're arriving tomorrow morning. b) She arrives now.
4.
a) He don't fix old cars. b) He doesn't fix old cars.
5.
a) Do they travel regularly? b) Does we travel?
6.
a) She send e-mails every day. b) She sends e-mails every day.
7.
a) What they want? b) What do they want?
8.
a) He hates work at nights. b) He hates working at nights.
Ex. 5 Find the error and write the correct sentence. e.g. Are he Italian? ✖ Is he Italian.✔ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
He's a N.C.O. They're soldiers excellent. He doesn't have some weapons. He doesn't has a rifle. Who help the sick? A doctor. Where does he go now? He have a pen in his pocket. Those satellite systems are our. She went with they to the briefing. When did he return to home? He didn't go in Bosnia. Who were he with? They was born in Portugal. Nato is a international organization. Peacekeepers must to be impartial.
Ex. 6 Read the following sentences and put them in the correct order. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Now I participate at international meetings with my boss. I had a happy childhood and I enjoyed school. After joining the Army I trained as an interpreter. Before joining the Army I studied languages at university. I was born in the fifties. I'm Alan Jefferson and I'm British.
1
Ex. 7 Answer with the correct personal information. Name: Surname: Age: Marital Status: Job: Hobbies: Languages:
Ex. 8 Insert can / can't / mustn't / don't have to. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
He's 12 months old. He __________ speak yet! You __________ work tomorrow! It's Christmas day. We __________ be late or the teacher will be angry. They __________ assemble that bridge in 40 minutes. They're very fast. It's raining! Good! I__________ water the garden. You __________ touch that. It's very hot. Ex. 9 Fill in the gaps with the correct word. Choose from the list below. while
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
although
when
furthermore
however
__________I feel ill, I'm going to work tomorrow. Flying is a quick means of transport. __________ it can sometimes be dangerous. __________ I understand your situation. I cannot do anything to help you. She's very attractive. __________ she's kind and generous too! __________ I feel tired I always have a rest.
Ex. 10
Read the following passage. Answer true (T) or false (F).
Marcia Lopez is a relief worker for an international aid organization. " I have seen many refugee camps in my life, in Bosnia, Macedonia, Albania, Gaza and other places, but in my mind now, they have all become one. What strikes you first, is the size. It doesn't matter how big or small they are, inevitably they are overcrowded. Sanitation and hygiene is poor. The risk of cholera, typhoid and other infectious diseases, is high. Cooking, sleeping and washing facilities are painfully inadequate. In such conditions crime flourishes - gangs emerge and fear grows. It is clear then, that security in refugee camps is top priority. At all costs, the refugees must be protected, both from the external threat and from internal threats in the camp itself".
1. 2. 3. 4.
T
Ms. Lopez has little experience of refugee camps. In her opinion, refugee camps share the same characteristics. Small refugee camps are more crowded than large refugee camps. Refugees are not always safe in the camps.
F
Ex. 11 Insert the correct word/s. Choose from the list below.
Get through to leave a message 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
call back engaged
speaking away
this hold on I'll put you through
I can't ________________. The line is always ________________. Is that Col. Fuller? Yes, __________________. Is Mrs. Richards there? _______________ please. Good morning, ________________ is Staff Sergeant. Parker. Is Ltc. Pritchard there? Just a moment Sir, _________________. Is John there? No, he's _______________. Would you like ________________? Yes, tell him to call me when he returns. Jeremy? Sssh Anna! Not now, _______________ later. Ok darling.
Ex. 12 Match the word on the left with the closest definition on the right. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Peace Impartiality Skirmish Barracks General Tank Firing range Boots
Armoured combat vehicle A place where military personnel practice shooting. A high ranking officer. The period between fighting. An episode of minor conflict. The absence of preference. The place where military personnel live and work. You put them on your feet.
Ex. 13 Finish the sentence on the left with the correct word on the right. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
The doctor has just seen the The cleaner has just cleaned the The cook has just made The sergeant has just briefed his The priest has just given The secretary has just sent the The driver has just parked the The waitress has just served the The teacher has just finished the The pilot has just landed the
men car the last rites letter dinner patient exercise toilet plane coffee
Ex. 14 Form the passive of the following sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
He's fixing the car. The soldier has sent the message. We will upgrade all equipment. They escorted the humanitarian convoy. That factory produces anti-personnel mines. Ex. 15 Insert "if" or "when".
1. __________ you touch that, you'll get an electric shock. 2. __________ I'm 60, I'm going to retire. 3. __________ humanitarian aid doesn't arrive the refugees will starve.
Ex. 16 Fill in the gaps. Choose from the list below. rain
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
doctor
ring
shout
building
throw up
James is ill. He's going to see the __________. Ann and Patrick are engaged. They're going to buy a ___________. The General is angry. He's going to __________. There is a bomb. The people are going to evacuate the __________. Bob drank too much. He's going to __________. It's cloudy. It's going to __________. Mary is very upset. She's going to __________. Mr. Rossi is late. He's going to __________. Mrs. Rossi is very tired. She's going to __________. The plane is in flames. It's going to ___________.
Ex. 17 Put the following sentences in the correct order. 1. 2. 3. 4.
cry
loaded truck soldier has the just the vaccination already the has given doctor him the air strikes NATO started yet hasn't skirmishes on seen we have the border
run
sleep
crash
Ex. 18 Read these advertisements. Answer true (T) or false (F).
Advertisement 1 WANTED Mature lady to clean and cook for large family! Mornings only! Call Mrs. Bottle 63281 Evenings only.
1. You can contact Mrs. Bottle in the mornings. 2. Mrs. Bottle wants someone young to look after her small family. 3. Mrs Bottle doesn't want a man to cook and clean for her family.
T
F
T
F
Advertisement 2 HELP ! Have you seen Mimi? Small white cat. Last seen Christmas day. Small reward for her safe return. Call Jimmy 400290
1. Jimmy has lost his cat. 2. Jimmy will pay a lot of money to get his cat back. 3. Jimmy lost his cat in September.
Ex. 19 Read the following postcards and insert the missing words.
Dear Pat, Having a _________ time! The __________ is lovely! Hot and sunny! The __________ are beautiful. See you next __________. parks
weekend
____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
weather
fantastic
Hi Mum and Dad! __________ a great time! The __________ are unbelievable! The only problem is I've finished all my __________. __________ to everybody money
having
love
Dear Rita, I'm really __________ my stay in Rome. The people are _________. The food and __________ is _________! I __________ you. I'll be back __________ 26th November. _________forget to friendly
enjoying
up
on
____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
don't
pyramids
____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________
wonderful
wine
miss
Ex. 20 Match the Italian on the left with the correct statement on the right.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Propongo a qualcuno di fare una certa cosa. Chiedo a qualcuno di compitare una parola. Dico in che misura so fare una certa cosa. Dico con che frequenza faccio una certa cosa. Parlo di un'azione futura già programmata.
I'm going to the cinema tonight. I often go jogging. How do you spell "nation"? Why don't we have dinner together? I can't play the guitar at all.
6. Faccio una richiesta. 7. Indico approssimativamente l'eta di una persona. 8. Chiedo a qualcuno cosa stava faccendo in un certo momento nel passato. 9. Chiedo a qualcuno che cosa gli posso offrire. 10. Chiedo a qualcuno la sua opinione su una certa cosa.
What would you like? What were you doing when the phone rang? He's in his thirties. What do you think of Chinese food? Can I have some coffee please?
11. Dico ad una persona la mia opinione sul quello che dovrebbe fare. 12. Riferisco ciò che qualcuno mi ha detto. 13. Dico quanto tempo fa ho fatto una certa cosa. 14. Chiedo istruzioni su come arrivare in un certo posto. 15. Chiedo di chi è una certa cosa.
I sent you an e-mail two days ago. How do I get to the hospital? Whose boots are those? I think you should invite the Major to your party. He told me the meeting was tomorrow afternoon.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
The 24th of December is Christmas Eve. Could I open the window, please? I'll help you. What's the weather like in Sicily? Put the rice in boiling water.
Chiedo com'è il tempo in una certa località Dico la data di una ricorrenza. Do istruzioni per la preparazione di un cibo. Chiedo un permesso in modo formale Esprimo una mia decisione presa in questo momento.