Jeffery Whippo, a professional educator and organizational leadership expert specifies that research done by McKinsey & Company has shown that 70% of all change efforts that are attempted within organizations fail. He says that even with intense change from corporate reorganizations, new software systems, and quality-improvement projects, this failure rate has been consistent for decades. Jeffery Whippo feels there are four reasons for failure that leaders can look to in order to proactively work to reduce the chance of failure- Lack of Knowledge, Lack of Skills and Practice, Hidden Conflicts working against Change, and Culture working against Change.