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Social Work for Poverty Alleviation 1st Edition Deping
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Contents
Government-Led Poverty Alleviation Initiatives
Bend Over Backwards to Reduce Poverty—How Guizhou Tackles Its Poverty Issue
War on Poverty: More Committed Than Ever
Poverty Alleviation Through Commercial Development: Awakening the Internal Drive for Poverty Alleviation
Poverty Alleviation Through Resettlement: Removing the Roots of Poverty
Targeted and Precise Poverty Alleviation: A Replicable and Scalable Model
People’s Livelihood is Protected by Enforcing Strict Discipline— Practices and Insights of Livelihood Supervision
Main Practices
Major Outcomes
Important Insights
Insight 1:
Insight 2:
Insight 3:
Insight 4:
Leverage Liberal Arts to Alleviate Poverty
Poverty Alleviation Through Public Opinion Creates an Enabling Environment
Poverty Alleviation Through Culture Enlightens and Inspires
Poverty Alleviation Through Social Sciences Induces Precise Policies
Paired Poverty Assistance Injects Development Vitality
Qiannan Prefecture: Succeed in Poverty Alleviation and Enable the People to Feel the Improvement
Liupanshui City: A Deep Exploration of Rural Reforms
Main Practices
Outcomes
Review
Qingzhen City: Effective Efforts of Protecting Ecosystems for Poverty Alleviation
Weining County: Experience and Insights of Targeted Poverty Alleviation
Experience: Always Focus on “Who Helps Whom and How”
Insight: Only by Pinpointing the Root Causes Can an Effective Prescription Be Written
Suggestion: Speeding Up Targeted Poverty Alleviation in Guizhou from Three Aspects
Guanling Autonomous County: Making New Moves in Medical Poverty Alleviation
Medical Services for Minor Illnesses At Hand Within the Township
The Model of Attracting Talents with Innovation Enhances Service Quality
Taking Development Opportunities to Carry Out Targeted Poverty Alleviation
Industry + Project + Ecology + Intelligence—Road of Poverty Alleviation and Development in Sinan
Industrial Poverty Alleviation Boosts Four Aspects of Development
Project-Driven Poverty Alleviation Consolidates the Development Foundation of the County
Ecological Poverty Alleviation Creates an Enabling Environment for the Development of the County
Poverty Alleviation Through Education Improves the Civic Quality of the Poor
Enterprises-Led Poverty Alleviation Initiatives
“Trinity” Pattern of Poverty Alleviation Creates Synergy
Diverse Assistance Leads to Wealth
Enterprises Contribute to Internal Drive for Growth
Society Helps to Remove the “Mountain” of Poverty
Turning External Assistance into Internal Drive for Building a Moderately Prosperous Society—On a New Round of Paired Assistance from Eight Cities to Guizhou
Exchanges and Communication for Leapfrog Development
Signi icant Input in Infrastructure
Industrial Development Drives Poverty Alleviation
Joint Construction of Industrial Parks Brings Mutual Bene it
Joining Hands to Achieve Moderate Prosperity by Addressing Weaknesses
Bene it People in Remote Rural Areas with Accurate Financial Services
Improving Financial Services with Innovation in an All-Out Drive
Upgrade Rural Credit Program in Keeping with the Times
Targeted, Financial and Industrial Poverty Alleviation Go Hand in Hand in Innovating and Upgrading Micro-loan Products
Main Practices
De iciencies and Plans for Improvement
Guizhou Post Helps Poverty Alleviation with the Long March Spirit
Guizhou Post Offers Assistance to New Businesses
Guizhou Post Delivers Products Beyond Provincial Borders
Guizhou Post Presents Colorful Culture to the Outside World
Xingwei Corporation: A Unique Model of Distributing Five Types of Shares Opens the Door to Moderate Prosperity in Xiushui Village
New Exploration and New Journey
New Projects and New Initiatives
New Outlook and New Outcomes
New Approaches and New Inspirations
Kiwi Fruit Industry Promotes Poverty Alleviation and Increases the Income of Farmers in Liupanshui City
Hundred-Li Industrial Corridor with Good Pro its and Fantastic Scenery
Business Clusters Bring Hope to Poor Households
Pro it-Rich Businesses Ful ill Fruit Farmers’ Dream of Moderate Prosperity
Qiannan Rural Credit Cooperative Sets Up “Financial Night Schools” to Extend Financial Knowledge
The Lack of Financial Knowledge Necessitates Urgent Action
“Financial Night Schools” Were Set Up to Facilitate Knowledge
Transfer and to Alleviate Poverty
Financial Night Schools Bring Bene its to Multiple Stakeholders, Particularly the General Public
Jinsha County: Exploring a New Path to Transformation and Development Driven by Openness
Leading Enterprises Settle in the County and Booming Industry Drives the Growth of Other Businesses
Develop as a Whole and Rise with Strong Momentum
Foster Strengths to Make Up for Weaknesses and Overcome
Dif iculties
Meitan County: Promote Poverty Alleviation by “Pairing Hundred Enterprises with Hundred Villages”
Targeted Poverty Alleviation in Light of Local Conditions
The Charming and Outstanding Scenery on the Highland—A Brief Report on Guizhou Province's Efforts in Developing Rural Tourism to Increase Farmers' Income by Upholding Two Bottom Lines
Open up a New Path to Riches by Leveraging Strengths
Beauty in Diversity
Promote Lasting Connectivity
Ocean of Flowers, Sea of Faces and World of Business
Hundred Li of Azalea Bloom Brings Spring to the Village
Peach Flowers Blossoming in Kelou Re lects the People's High
Spirit and the Flourishing Business
The Allure of the Intoxicating Fragrance of Flowers in Shanping for Tourists
“Green Bank” Was Built in Faraway Mountainous Area—Guizhou Province Poverty Alleviation Targeted at Modern Specialty and High-Ef iciency Mountain Agriculture
Explore Development Paths Guided by Environmental Protection
Build Development Platforms Through Demonstration Parks
Broaden the Agricultural Market Through Internet Technologies
Farmers' Fortune Improves as Guizhou Herbal Medicines Are Sold Beyond the Mountains—Summary of Guizhou's Efforts to Alleviate Poverty Through Developing Herbal Medicines
Multi-mode Promotion and Rational Development
Notable Outcomes for Poverty Alleviation Achieved as a Result of Innovations in the Interest Chain
The Whole Industrial Chain Blazed a New Trail of Development for Guizhou Herbal Medicines
Casting a Model of Combating Poverty in China—Summary of the Poverty Alleviation Model in Haique
Insist on Mobilizing the Masses to Participate in Poverty Alleviation and Development
Insist on Implementing of Industrial Poverty Alleviation
Insist on Strengthening Infrastructure Construction
Insist on Upholding the Two Bottom Lines of Ecology and Development
Insist on Promoting All-Round Progress of Social Undertakings
Insist on Consolidating Community-Level Organizations
Insist on Project Implementation
Insist on Expanding the Collective Economy
“Yina Pattern” Provides a Solution to Developing Impoverished Mountainous Areas
To Pay Special Attention to Those in Need and the Reason Behind Poverty and Adopt Four Indicators to Find Out if the Recipient is Really Impoverished
To Take Different Measures for Different People and Ensure Industrial Support Reaches Every Household in Every Village
To Ensure Everyone Has More Con idence in His Ability and Receives Education and That Education and Trainings Reach Every Household in Every Village
To Implement the “4321” Project and to Ensure Paired Support is Offered in Every Household in Every Village
To Ensure That Every Household in Every Village is Involved in the Project for Building Beautiful Homes, Renovating
Dilapidated Houses and Ecological Migration
To Improve People's Well-Being in Light of Their Different Needs and Build Infrastructure in Every Household in Every Village
To Enhance Team Building and Pool People's Strength to Seek Development
To Improve Party Conduct, Uphold Integrity and Strengthen Project Management
To Take Targeted Measures and Build a Long-Term Mechanism for Targeted Poverty Alleviation
To Form Units to Offer Help and Form a New Pattern of Targeted Poverty Alleviation
Review on the Reconstruction Efforts Following the Landslide in Huashi Village, Dafang County
Background
Strategy
a. In-Depth Review, Cause Identi ication and Ecological Restoration
b. Strengthen Supervision, Develop Industries and Increase Livelihood
c. Agricultural Products Are Sold Online to the Entire Nation
“Qinglong Pattern” Creates Another “Get-Rich on Rocky Deserti ication” Miracle
The Impact of the “Qinglong Pattern”
Major Practices
Working Measures
Suggestions on Promoting the “Qinglong Pattern”
Next Steps
Puding County Supports Women Power: “Made in Courtyard” Shows Good Momentum
With Deliberation, Households Find Ways to Get Rich
With People’s Hard Work, Courtyard Economy Creates Wealth
Being Practical, the “Two-Way Industrial Chain” Gains Success
One Mu of Tea Garden for Everyone, One Craftsman in Every Household and E-Commerce in Every Village—Leishan Makes Full Use of Its Ecological Advantages and Greatly Promotes Targeted Poverty Alleviation
Build Roads and Bring Wealth to Remote Mountains
Protect Villages and Develop Rural Tourism
One Mu of Tea Garden for Everyone, and Waste Mountains Have Now Become Golden
A Craftsman in Each Household Guarantees Income
E-Commerce in Every Village Bringing Local Flavors to Every Corner of the Country
Committing 10,000 Yuan for Share Purchase Generates Wealth for Farmers
The “Red Engine” in Wanshan District Drives People to Prosperity
Pro it Distribution is Transparent
New Agribusiness Increases People’s Income
Paired Assistance Brings Real Results
Party Members Take the Lead
Beautiful Scenery and Rich Local Products Promote the Development of Tourism Industry and Rural Areas—TourismBased Poverty Alleviation in Qianxinan Prefecture
The Combination of Agriculture and Tourism Brings Changes to Industrial Structure
The Development of Industries Promotes Rural Economy
The Development of Tourism Brings Happiness to Rural Households
Taking Advantage of Resources and Making the Countryside Beautiful and the People Rich—Taijiang County Accelerated Its Integrated Development of Agriculture, Culture and Tourism
To Firstly Focus on Top-Level Design
To Give Priority to the Key Task of Project Development
To Promote the Brand of Festival and Cultural Tourism
To Develop the Silver Ornament and Embroidery Making Industry
To Build Beautiful Villages
Changshun County Explores an Ecological Path for Poverty Alleviation and Development
Leverage What’s at Hand: Industry-Based Poverty Reduction Initiative Increases Farmers’ Income
Different Varieties Develop Concurrently: Stereoscopic Agriculture Proves to Be Successful
Transformation and Upgrading: Grassland Modern Agriculture Achieves New Development
Government-Led Poverty Alleviation
Initiatives
It is the essential requirement of socialism and an important obligation of the Party to eradicate poverty, improve the people’s livelihood and achieve common prosperity. Since the reform and opening-up, through nationwide, planned, organized and development-driven poverty alleviation efforts, the number of people living in poverty has been reduced dramatically and the poor regions have seen signi icant improvements. However, the cause of poverty alleviation through development is still confronted with dif icult and heavy tasks and has entered into a critical phase. It is a swim or sink moment. CPC committees and governments at all levels need to be more keenly aware of the urgency and be more active, have clear thinking on poverty alleviation, and strengthen accountability. We need to take actions that are more forceful, more targeted, more straightforward and more sustainable and lay greater emphasis on precise and targeted poverty aid and alleviation. —Xi Jinping
Guiyang Poverty Alleviation Of ice, China’s Solution for Precise Poverty Alleviation
https://doi org/10 1007/978-981-15-7431-3 1
Bend Over Backwards to Reduce Poverty—How Guizhou Tackles Its Poverty Issue
Guiyang Poverty Alleviation Of ice1
(1)
Guiyang Poverty Alleviation Of ice, Beijing, China
June 18, 2015, General Secretary Xi Jinping held a seminar in Guizhou with senior of icials of CPC committees in a number of provinces, regions and municipalities and pointed out that in the economic development of the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the weak link of poverty alleviation must be addressed. Poverty alleviation has already entered a critical period with the most demanding tasks lying ahead.
Over ive months later, from November 27–28, the Conference on Poverty Alleviation of the CPC Central Committee was held, and an outcome document entitled “Decisions on Winning the War on Poverty” was issued at conclusion of the conference, which represents a call to action to eliminate poverty.
Guizhou is the province with the highest number and widest distribution of people living in poverty. Since it has the most severe degree of poverty of any other province, it is the main battleground for the war on poverty. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, Guizhou province lifted 6.56 million people out of poverty. However, that means that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, there are still more than 1 million people annually who need to be lifted above the poverty line. The pressure is still on.
The merits of a policy can be seen in the smiles of our fellow villages and its demerits will be laid bare by the tears of them.
The CPC Guizhou Provincial Committee and the Guizhou Provincial People’s Government have therefore set “inclusive poverty alleviation” as one of their two strategic actions, promising to carry out “smart, targeted and effective poverty alleviation” and to “leave no ethnic group, nor any region, behind”.
War on Poverty: More Committed Than Ever
“The problems we face are the voice of the times”. The key to winning the war on poverty is to address the problems head-on, to galvanize different stakeholders, and to create powerful synergy.
In order to eliminate poverty and tackle dif icult problems, the CPC Guizhou Provincial Committee and the Government united and led people of all ethnicities in an effort to achieve development and to bend over backwards to eliminate poverty.
In the golden autumn of October 2015, the Guizhou Province Poverty Alleviation Conference was held in Guiyang, which issued the Poverty Alleviation and Development “1+10” Document. On December 7, the “Conference of Guizhou Province on Implementing the Outcomes of the Conference on Poverty Alleviation of the CPC Central Committee and Taking Strategic Actions to Achieve Inclusive Poverty Alleviation” was organized. In the space of less than two months, two conferences on poverty alleviation were held, which showed the accelerated pace of Guizhou Province’s poverty alleviation efforts.
Chen Min’er, former Secretary of the CPC Guizhou Provincial Committee and Chairman of the Standing Committee of Guizhou Provincial People’s Congress led by example, carried out in-depth ield studies in Weining autonomous county, and chatted with the locals about their daily lives, about poverty alleviation and about development. He went deep into the grass roots, interpreting the policies of poverty alleviation to people in Changshun county, Taijing county, etc. He pointed out time and again that winning the war on poverty requires heart, mind and sweat. It is where the capabilities of of icials at all levels are exhibited most vividly.
Sun Zhigang, Deputy Secretary of the CPC Guizhou Provincial Committee and Governor of Guizhou visited the remote corners of the Wulin mountain to organize seminars to introduce the strategies of the
CPC Central Committee and identify shortcomings in Tongren city’s poverty alleviation efforts. He visited places such as Meitan, Zhengan, Anlong, Wangmo to assess the needs for and conditions of poverty alleviation. He emphasized that poverty alleviation efforts are the barometer for wider economic and social development.
In order to alleviate poverty, of icials posted to villages went from door to door to take soundings, to spread the voice of the party, and to assist rural villages to achieve moderate prosperity.
Of icials from the Policy Research Of ice of the CPC Guizhou Provincial Committee posted to villages in the autonomous county of Weining developed a precise assessment matrix of poverty level consisting of four indices, namely, the house, the level of food stock, labor capacity, and education. The matrix can help identify and con irm those who are really in need of aid.
The city of Zunyi recruited 1,433 personnel who are capable of leading the people to develop projects to be posted to villages as “project secretaries”, covering 85.3% of all villages in the city. These project secretaries initiated 918 projects, promoted the implementation of 1,240 and could bring prosperity of over 350,000 people.
In the Special District of Liuzhi, the triplets Deng Liangui, Deng Lianqiao, and Deng Lianrui were all assigned to villages as “ irst secretaries”. The bigger brother became a “guardian” of harmony, the middle brother a “master” who teaches skills and the little brother a “special commissioner” who lead the villagers out of poverty.
Xie Yushi, First Secretary of Yangchang County, Dafang City, wore out three pairs of shoes visiting villagers door-to-door. His two notebooks are thick with the conditions of villages and opinions of villagers.
In 2015, of icials posted to villages in Guizhou altogether made over 9.8 million visits to meet the locals, help put forward over 250,000 proposals to solve problems, did over 357,000 good and practical deeds, and secured poverty alleviating funding of 3.51 billion.
“High spirits are contagious.” Though located in a barren mountainous region, Guizhou is endowed with a “poverty alleviation spirit” founded on political irmness, operational prowess, strict discipline, strong work style, bonds with the people and sel less
contribution. With such spirit, we belted out a stirring song of ighting with nature and battling with poverty.
Poverty Alleviation Through Commercial Development: Awakening the Internal Drive for Poverty Alleviation
Shepeng, the most remote of villages in Pugu town, Pan county, Liupanshui city, didn’t even have a proper road three years ago. The farming there was only for subsistence. The villagers were leaving for cities to seek jobs. In 2015, the income per person in this village, however, rose to 11,260 yuan, three times the level three years ago. No one is left below the poverty line. It is amazing to see farmers carrying hoes and sickles are now commuting to work by coaches.
“It is all thanks to Tao Zhengxue and to the rural industrial park just at our doorstep”, said Tao Zhengneng, 53, with a wide smile. Tao Zhengxue, an entrepreneur who returned home to found the Guizhou Niangniang Mountain High Altitude Wetland Ecological Agriculture Demonstration Zone, encouraged the rural collective to buy in with collective property rights and villagers to buy in with money and techniques, thus stimulating local agriculture.
In recent years, the city of Liupanshui creatively proposed reforms to turn resources into capital, turn money into shares, and turn farmers into shareholders. It focuses on the development of the collective economy as a critical measure to eliminate poverty. Wang Chenggang, Director-General of the Bureau for Poverty Alleviation, said that the reforms have turned farmers from bystanders into participators, the economy from a small-farm based one into a market-based one, and the agricultural sector from a traditional one into a modern one, thus bonding farmers, collectives and business entities together with shared operations and joint stock-holding.
It has become a fundamental experience of Guizhou to grow its economy and reduce poverty through developing its various industries.
Relevant personnel from the Of ice for Poverty Alleviation of Guizhou Province revealed that since the beginning of the 12th FiveYear Plan period, the government of Guizhou has invested over 10
billion yuan of poverty alleviation funds into project development in various industries, with over 40,000 projects implemented in villages and producing a total output of 81.3 billion yuan. Depending on the available resources, market orientation and regional economic characteristics, unique ecological industries such as vegetable, fruit, tea, herbs, potato, beef and mutton industries received strong support. Now Guizhou’s poverty alleviation industries are distributed in a wellbalanced manner, with animal and plant oil industry in the east, potato in the west, herb in the south, tea in the north, vegetable in the center, and dries goods, beef and mutton on the surface.
“Developing tourism helps poor regions to be able to generate their own wealth, helps enable poor people to become more cultured, and helps protect nature, ecology and culture”, said Chen Min’er in an interview with China.com.cn. Rural tourism represents the most realistic, the most effective and the fastest way out of poverty.
Mr. Mu, a pottery maker in Goupa Village, Fengxiang County, Zunyi City, is a direct bene iciary of rural tourism. He said that since tourism took off in his village, his pottery business has been booming. During the labor day holiday in 2015, he made over 2,000 yuan per day. Due to increased demand, he now has to hire 3–4 extra hands. In the past, his annual income was only 20,000–30,000 yuan, last year, it exceeded 100,000 yuan.
Survey shows that now over 3,000 villages in Guizhou have rural tourism projects, receiving 159 million tourists in 2015, accounting for 42.4% of all tourists received by Guizhou Province. Income from rural tourism was 70.59 billion yuan, accounting for 20% of total tourism revenue of Guizhou Province. This industry employs 2,876,100 people, bene iting over 5.77 million people. Just during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, 647,000 people escaped poverty through rural tourism.
As Ye Tao, Director-General of the Of ice for Poverty Alleviation of Guizhou Province said, these industries maximally cover poor regions and poor people, enabling poor people to become more cultured and to upgrade their trade.
Poverty Alleviation Through Resettlement:
Removing the Roots of Poverty
Of the 4.93 million of rural poor in Guizhou, most are poorly educated and live deep in the mountains, on barren mountains or in remote areas. Liu Yuankun, Deputy Governor of Guizhou, thinks that lifting them out of poverty is a herculean task.
Poverty alleviation through relocation, a measure Premier Li Keqiang says can address the root causes of poverty, is targeted mainly at these people living in hostile environments.
In “Happy Haven”, a relocation community in Wuolong Village, Zhengchang Township, Suiyang County, big houses are set against green mountains and emerald waters, with happiness in the air.
“We’ve moved here for a year now and I live with my son. The air here is great.” Said Li Meimei, 60, smilingly. Beside the Wolong village is “10,000-Mu Honeysuckle” Demonstration Base (1 mu = 0.067 hectare). Thanks to this base, on which the livelihood of the villagers depends, the life here is booming. Household income of locals running restaurants and hotels from their own houses exceeds 80,000 yuan annually.
Poverty alleviation through relocation has become a highlight in Guizhou’s war on poverty. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, Guizhou Provincial Government built 1.54 million units of social housing in cities, renovated 1.92 decrepit rural houses, and relocated 660,000 people.
At the same time, being the top priority in the war against poverty (other priorities being poverty alleviation through industrial development, building a green Guizhou, infrastructure construction, poverty alleviation through health and education, and social safety net), poverty alleviation through relocation represents the key to Guizhou Province’s efforts to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
On January 14, Sun Zhigang emphasized that the Guizhou authorities should, in line with the requirements on precise and targeted poverty aid and alleviation, enhance the precision of their poverty alleviation efforts by compiling a task chart, by issuing notices to see to the completion of the tasks, and by crossing off completed tasks one by one, so as to decidedly win the war on poverty.
On January 25, the Guizhou Provincial Government issued the Implementation Plan of the Poverty Alleviation through Relocation
Project of Guizhou, 2016, which clearly committed a total investment of 27 billion yuan on the six key areas of “construction, relocation, employment, social security, amenities and services, and exit”, thus ensuring that in 2015, Guizhou Government can relocate 450,000 people, among whom 300,000 are living below the poverty line.
Targeted and Precise Poverty Alleviation: A Replicable and Scalable Model
In poverty alleviation, precision makes all the difference.
Guizhou laid great emphasis on “precision”, focusing on households with resources and labor capability but without access to wealthcreating activities, households plunged into poverty as a result of supporting education or major illness, households with limited access to infrastructure, technologies and capital, and households with no income generating activities and incapable of lifting themselves out of poverty. The government upheld “six precisions” and “six measures implemented down to villages and households”, targeted the root causes of poverty and carried out “targeted therapy” to surgically remove pockets of poverty, thus offering reliable, actionable, replicable and scalable “Guizhou experience”.
The work on poverty alleviation has undergone three changes. The approach has changed from individual project support to poverty alleviation through commercial development. The priority has changed from support for individual villages and households to a balance between regional and targeted poverty alleviation. The enabler of poverty alleviation is changing from the government to the the society at large.
A preliminary precision poverty alleviation mechanism has been set up in Guizhou province. The “33668” action plan for poverty alleviation was implemented in an ironclad fashion. The “six measures implemented down to villages and households”, namely, of icials reaching down to villages and households to support them, commercial support down to villages and households, education and training provided down to villages and households, renovation of decrepit houses down to villages and households, economic migrants relocated down to villages and households, and infrastructure provided down to
villages and households, along with the “six well-off projects”, namely clean water, suf icient electricity supply, well-paved roads, good communication facility, well-off housing and spruced-up villages are key poverty-alleviation measures that have bene ited the tens of thousands of households in poor, mountainous regions. “Objects are targeted with precision, projects are arranged with precision, funding is utilized with precision, measured are implemented with precision, personnel are dispatched with precision and the outcomes are achieved with precision.”
Guizhou blazed a new trail in enabling abutting regions of abject poverty to achieve prosperity through developing industries with local features while protecting the ecology and environment. A number of best practices are thus concluded. For example, there are the “Bijie experiment”, which features the pooling of strengths and advantages of all sides; the “Qinglong model” that plants grass to conserve water and soil, cultivates cattle to increase income and develops disaster prevention and relief industry; the “Changshun practice” of mountain agriculture development which improves the input-output ratio through the combination of animal husbandry and farming, the joint cultivation of tall and short plants, and complementing tall plants with short plants; the “Yinjiang experience” that features regional development and coordinated progress, with whole villages and townships lifted out of poverty; the “Weining practice” that leverages strengths while concealing weaknesses, consolidates resources and makes adjustments to meet local conditions; the “Yina way” that emphasizes mutual complementation between party-building and poverty alleviation efforts, the achievement of moderate prosperity, and the strengthening of “three teams”, namely, leadership team, specialist team and organization staff team. The four ways to precisely identify poverty cases have been introduced nationwide.
Guizhou also has “six irsts” in its poverty alleviation efforts. It is the irst to adopt the incentive policy of removing the classi ication of poverty while keeping relevant preferential policies. It is the irst to implement an “expansive” approach, with village as a basic unit. Poverty alleviation efforts merge together to cover entire townships, their abutting townships and then an even larger area. It is the irst to adopt an integrated poverty support model that pools resources and
strengths to tackle poverty featuring direct communication with provincial leaders, direct responsibility by competent provincial level departments, and organization and implementation by county and township governments. It is the irst to introduce the “Performance Assessment on Economic and Social Development for Leadership Teams and Team Members in Poor Counties” so as to fully leverage the role of performance assessments. It is the irst to achieve complete coverage of poor households by of icials posted to villages. Guizhou is also the irst province to dispatch of icials to visit every poor village and poor household in order to enhance the precision of poverty aid and alleviation efforts.
Guizhou implements two parallel strategies of Big Poverty Alleviation and Big Data. From Ye Tao’s perspective, “poverty alleviation cloud” represents the alignment between Big Poverty Alleviation and Big Data, and is an inevitable choice for Guizhou to escape poverty and achieve moderate prosperity along with the rest of the country.
“We are fully con ident with the strategies of Cloud+Terminal and Big Data+Connectivity”, said Ye Tao. Going forward, Guizhou will apply big data technologies to policy frameworks and platforms to achieve precision management and to promote the Big Poverty Alleviation strategy.
Guizhou’s policies to achieve moderate prosperity in synchronization with the country at large is what the people’s heart desires, and its promises of eliminating poverty are becoming a reality.
Guiyang Poverty Alleviation Of ice, China’s Solution for Precise Poverty Alleviation
https://doi org/10 1007/978-981-15-7431-3 2
People’s Livelihood is Protected by Enforcing Strict Discipline—Practices and Insights of Livelihood Supervision
Guiyang Poverty Alleviation Of ice1
Guiyang Poverty Alleviation Of ice, Beijing, China
Livelihood supervision is an important measure of Guizhou province to deepen the reforms of grass root discipline inspection and to improve the livelihood of the grass roots. It is a crucial means through which CPC committees carry out work style and clean governance campaigns. Since 2013, the CPC Guizhou Provincial Committee and the Provincial Government attached great importance to livelihood supervision, undertook trials and innovations, issued documents such as Notice on Setting up Livelihood Project Supervision Teams in all Townships and Counties in Guizhou Province and Opinions on the Province-Wide ThreeYear Action Plan to Encourage Clean Practices in Livelihood Improvement, and clari ied the targets, tasks and guarantee measures for livelihood supervision, thus effectively making livelihood improvement policies accessible to the grass roots and safeguarding their interests. In the irst half of 2015, Guizhou dispatched 1,482 livelihood supervision teams, identi ied 91,386 problems, investigated 3,809 cases, meted out party disciplinary actions to 2,058 people, and sent 459 people to law-enforcement agencies. All told, a total of 319,944,800 yuan was involved. To further summarize the practices and experience of Guizhou in livelihood supervision, we have recently carried out a province-wide study on livelihood supervision.
Main Practices
(1) Strengthen organizational guarantee and promote comprehensive coverage. According to the overall requirements for livelihood supervision, all cities and counties set up leading groups on livelihood supervision, and all towns and townships set up livelihood supervision groups, with secretaries of county-level committees on discipline work or members of the standing committees of county-level discipline inspection commissions as chairmen; secretaries of town-or township-level committees on discipline work as vice-chairmen; and town-or township-level discipline inspection staff and competent, brave young of icials selected from other government departments as group members. The responsibilities of these groups are to supervise the implementation of important decisions, inspect the work of CPC committees and governments at town and township levels, investigate law or rule breaking activities of middle managers at town and township levels, clarify the contours of authority of of icials from livelihood supervision groups, and carry out back of ice functions such as arranging cars and of ices. At the same time, coordinators and contact persons are selected from of icials posted to villages, retired of icials and members of village (community, school or hospital) affairs committees who are responsible, authoritative, and trusted by the people. They participate in livelihood supervision, and process reports and complaints from the people. Thus, a multi-layered livelihood supervision network is set up, extending to city, county, township and village levels and with presence at villages, neighborhoods, schools, hospitals, government agencies and enterprises. For example, in Libo County, Anlong County and Xixiu District, their secretaries of committees on discipline work were appointed as chairmen of livelihood supervision groups. They provided back of ice functions such as arranging cars, of ices and law enforcement equipment and ensured that town and township livelihood supervision groups can bring to bear their role of stamping out corruption and improving livelihood through supervision.
(2) Strengthen institutional building and promote compliant operations. The study shows that cities and counties set up-in an innovative fashion, in line with the provincial requirements for building livelihood supervision institutions, and taking into consideration the conditions on the ground–mechanisms and institutions such as the responsibility description and management system of livelihood supervision group, practices to promote supervision, joint conferences, circuit inspection and interviews, registration of livelihood projects, reports on major livelihood projects, whistle-blowing channel, exposure of law or rule infractions, data reporting, and cross-examination. This comprehensive network of mechanisms and institutions are managed and run with full compliance. In the livelihood supervision of Pan County, for example, a “three checks and one visit” system was established, namely, checking the work low record of competent authorities in implementing livelihood projects, checking the problems encountered by competent authorities in implementing livelihood projects and whether they have been dealt with promptly, checking the compliance level and loopholes in the operation of livelihood projects, and visiting the people to see their level of satisfaction with livelihood projects. Such practices effectively ensure that livelihood projects, funding and policies are successfully implemented. Also, counties like Anlong County, Fenggang County, Dafang County, Yinjiang County, Zhenfeng Country and Liuzhi Special District set up a categorized dossier management system that clari ies the content of each category so that there is no room for abuse in the livelihood projects. They have also promoted the standardization of livelihood project registration. A letters and calls, and whistleblowing channel was established, with information board of livelihood supervision groups, whistle-blowing box on livelihood projects, contact card to supervise these projects and a whistlingblowing phone number. Such a channel encourages the people to partake in the supervision efforts and makes it easier for livelihood project supervision groups to discover clues, identify problems and solve them. An information transparency system was also set up, disclosing the progress of livelihood projects and
the use of funds. The system also includes a search function that allows the people to easily and conveniently look up information on the implementation of livelihood projects.
(3) Strengthen promotion and publicity to encourage everyone to be a part of it. Promotion is a key to successful livelihood work. Our study has found out that CPC committees and governments at all levels in the province and livelihood supervision groups attach great importance to the promotion of livelihood supervision work. They fully utilized new media outlets such as SMS, the Internet, Wechat and TV as well as traditional ones such as banners, newspapers, information boards, village meetings, art performances and letters to carry out promotion on the policy documents issued at all levels of the government, the purpose and signi icance of livelihood supervision, and the responsibilities, scope and channels of livelihood supervision groups. Such promotion reaches village groups, schools, hospitals and communities, enhances the people’s knowledge of livelihood supervision, and mobilizes the people to participate in supervision. Such efforts have increased the degree of the people’s engagement and enabled them to actively report clues to identify problems. At the same time, the authorities used cases of rule or law infractions happening in the people’s midst as warnings to strengthen the deterrence against corruption, to educate village and township of icials to resist corruption, to enable the people to see the outcomes of livelihood supervision efforts, and to create an environment of cleanliness, uprightness and self-discipline. To take Pan County for example, at market days, lea lets and pamphlets are distributed to the people to tell them about the practices, purposes and signi icance of livelihood supervision. Another example is in Libo County, where letters on the purposes, scope and methods of livelihood supervision are written to all residents in the county.
(4) Leverage the role of livelihood supervision to promote clean governance. Livelihood supervision is a crucial means through which CPC committees carry out work style and clean governance campaigns and an important pathway for discipline inspection
departments at all levels to ful ill their supervisory functions. Our study has found that local governments have provided strong guarantee in human, inancial and material resources to livelihood supervision groups to enable them to supervise, to stamp out corruption and to safeguard people’s wellbeing. At the same time, livelihood supervision groups have, in line with the Three-Year Action Plan to Encourage Clean Practices in Livelihood Improvement issued jointly by the CPC Guizhou Committee and the Provincial Government, ful illed their functions and obligations and made detailed action plans. They supervise routine livelihood matters, work style of of icials, welfare projects and fund use; focus on critical livelihood areas such as study grant for vocational schools and high schools, subsidies for rural residents to buy household appliances, subsidies for microenterprises; and prioritize the investigation and punishment of corrupt activities in livelihood policy implementation, and utilization and management of funds for livelihood projects, particularly those that continue unabated after the 18th National Congress of the CPC. They carry out supervision and inspection in an in-depth manner, hold rule or law breakers accountable, make sure that the corrupt of icials have nowhere to hide, and properly ful ill their duty of livelihood inspection. To take Liuzhi Special District for example, in order to leverage the role of livelihood supervision groups, it drafted and issued the Implementation Plan for Inspection Actions of Livelihood Project Supervision Groups of Liuzhi Special District, which laid out the priorities for supervision. The special district also carried out inspection and investigations in an in-depth manner, and fully leveraged the role of livelihood project supervision as a “sentinel” and a “night watchman” for the people.
Major Outcomes
(1) Livelihood supervision has become more powerful. In 2013, Bijie City innovatively set up livelihood project supervision groups in towns and townships under its administration. By the irst half of
2015, with coordinated arrangement of the CPC Guizhou Committee and the Provincial Government, a province-wide network of livelihood supervision had been set up, with 1,482 livelihood supervision groups. 168 of them are in Guiyang City, 244 in Zunyi City, 109 in Liupanshui City, 86 in Anshun City, 265 in Bijie City, 172 in Tongren City, 206 in Qiandongnan Prefecture, 104 in Qiannan Prefecture, and 128 in Qianxinan Prefecture. At the same time, establishing livelihood supervision groups can also help strengthen the of icial teams in towns and townships. Through selecting retired of icials, of icials posted to villages, and members of village (community, school or hospital) affairs committees who are authoritative and trusted as coordinators and contact persons of livelihood supervision groups, more and more people become part of the livelihood supervision efforts. There are now an average of 3.5 people working in discipline inspection and supervision at town and township levels, up from 1.5 people.
(2) Livelihood issues have been effectively addressed. Provincial, municipal and county level authorities have always attached great signi icance to livelihood supervision. Livelihood supervision groups have meticulously carried out their duties, proactively identi ied problems and investigated cases, enforced laws and disciplines in an ironclad fashion, investigated and dealt with various rule or law breaking activities in a strict manner, responded to the calls of the people for better livelihood in a pragmatic way, solved issues in the area of people’s livelihood, and forged an upright political environment. From 2014 to the irst half of 2015, the 1482 livelihood supervision groups in the province, through inspection campaigns and processing letters and calls, identi ied 150,170 problems, registered 7,514 cases, meted out party disciplinary actions to 5,944 people, and sent 907 people to law-enforcement agencies. All cases involve 930 million yuan. Such actions created huge deterrence against activities that undermine the interests of the masses, solved problems of great concern for the people in livelihood projects, promoted the improvement of relations between of icials and the masses, and facilitated the stability and harmony of the society.
(3) “Three changes” have been achieved in discipline inspection work. Setting up livelihood supervision groups further deepened the reforms of discipline inspection system at the grass roots, promoted the continued improvement of discipline supervision institutions and mechanisms, implemented the “two sets of responsibilities” of CPC committees and discipline inspection commissions, enabled towns and townships to achieve transition in their discipline inspection management system from dual management to vertical management, strengthened the leadership of higher-level discipline inspection commissions over lower-level ones, and enhanced the initiative for supervision, rule and law enforcement. At the same time, through establishing livelihood supervision groups and repeatedly carrying out supervision and inspection, grass root discipline inspection organizations rediscovered the entry point and the foundation of their work, thus effectively promoted themselves to ful ill their main mission and duty of discipline inspection, investigated a number of rule or law breaking cases, punished grass root of icials involved in them, and successfully carried forward the work on ighting corruption and advocating cleanliness in the grass roots. A survey shows that, in 2014, livelihood supervision groups in the province investigated an average of 2.5 cases, thus reversing the situation where, for many years, discipline inspection commissions at town or township levels investigated no case at all.
Important Insights
Insight 1:
Leaders’ focus is a necessity. The focus of leaders represents a strong guarantee for the orderly progress and greater achievements of livelihood supervision work. Since Bijie city innovatively set up livelihood project supervision groups in towns and townships in 2013, leaders of the CPC Central Committee such as Wang Qishan and Zhao Hongzhu have attached great importance to livelihood supervision, given full con irmation, and promoted the ef icient operation of
