ICON OF THE CITY- Architectural Thesis

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ICON OF THE CITY Bus Port @ Salem,Tamilnadu Inter-State Bus Terminal.

Table Of Contents Part - i Design Investigation

Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Project Background- Bus Port at Salem 1.2 The city of Salem 1.3 Need of the project 1.4 Thesis Proposition 1.5 Terminal as public space: new approach

Chapter 2 Research 2.1 Areas of Research 2.2 Problem Identification 2.3 Types of Bus Terminals 2.4 Case Studies 2.5 Inferences

Chapter 3 Area Programme 3.1 Usage Pattern 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Area Standards 3.4 Reading the area programme

Chapter 4 Site study 4.1 Introduction to the site 4.2 Site Drawing 4.3 Site and context images 4.4 Site analysis 4.5 Climate data and analysis 4.6 Visibility

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Part - ii Design Translation

Chapter 6 Design Determinents 6.1 Determinents for Zoning 6.2 Determinants For Bubble Diagram 6.3 Determinents for Circulation

Chapter 7 Design Development 7.1 Introduction to the Concept 7.2 Form Development

Chapter 8 Final Design 8.1 Site 8.2 Terminal Building 8.3 Platform 8.4 Drivers Hostel 8.5 Bus Service Station 8.6 Fuel Station

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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Project Background- Bus Port at Salem 1.2 The city of Salem 1.3 Need of the project 1.4 Thesis Proposition 1.5 Terminal as public space: new approach

1. Introduction

P

ublic transport holds center stage in the urban transport agenda. A wellfunctioning and sustainable city cannot be achieved without strengthening its public transport system. Infrastructure plays a vital role in the operation of an efficient, convenient and safe transit system. When transit infrastructure is designed to enhance passenger experience, its attractiveness is ensured, making it a viable alternative to private motorized transport. The National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP) recognizes that city dwellers are of utmost importance and that all plans must be centered on their common benefit.

• To establish a transport system which will have smooth circulation and reduce traffic congestion occurs due to the buses of the terminal.

• To design a terminal with facilities for increased number of proposed buses and passenger ( both inter-district & inte-state) • To create a structure that serves as an iconic landmark for both the city and the country.

“Transportation building is the entrance point of the city. Thus, it should has not only symbolic value but also memorizable and unique”

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1.1 Project Background- Bus Port at Salem Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation Limited (TNSTC) is a public transport bus operator in Tamil Nadu, India. It operates Intercity bus services to cities within Tamil Nadu, and from Tamil Nadu to its neighbouring states .It also operates Public transport bus service in many cities of Tamil Nadu, with the exception of Chennai, where the public bus service is operated by MTC, a subsidiary of TNSTC.

1.2 The City Of Salem Salem is a Geologist’s paradise,surrounded by hills(Nagaramalai on the north, Jarugumalai on the south, Kanjamalai on the west, Godumalai on the east and the Shevaroy Hills on the northeast) and the landscape dotted with hillocks.Salem has a vibrant culture dating back to the ancient Kongu Nadu.The town and the surrounding hilly regions were part of the Chera dynasty and was part of the trade route with the Roman empire.It was later governed by Poligars, who built temples and forts in and around the city.It was part of the Vijayanagara empire before being captured by Hyder Ali during the early 18th century, after the Mysore-Madurai war. It was ceded to the British in 1768 and the area became part of the struggle between Kongu Nadu led by Dheeran Chinnamalai and the British.Salem became part of Salem district since independence in 1947. Salem district was the first district to be formed in India on 4 April 1792 that spread over 7,530 sq.m comprising the present day Namakkal, Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri.

1.3 Need of the project The cities have continued to grow while transportation hubs have remained largely constant, hence suffering from severe under capacity. In addition, road space is taken up by parking space for vehicles, vendors and transiting traffic, severely impacting passenger convenience and safety. Hence, it is critical to address the issue of city congestion through a bespoke approach.While there has been significant focus on movement of goods, inter-city passenger transportation is an area with significant potential for improvement. Since ~80% of passenger movement in the country is through road & rail, enhancing customer convenience and experience across these modes is a key imperative.

In Salem, traffic problem and public bus transportation problem is very severe. In the existing bus terminal there is no proper traffic circulation pattern, no designated bus arrival and departure bay, and international facilities are also not adequate. there is no public space in this area and through this project there is an opportunity to work on urban scale here and give some back for the development of this area.

1.4 Thesis Proposition The proposal of the project is to design the Interstate bus terminal at Salem with proper passenger facility, a bus terminal facility, which is able to handle more buses per hour and can accommodate more bus parking, along with a commercial building. Presently the bus depot only has inter-district buses travelling to 5 destination. Due to shortage of space and buses the depot could not host buses travelling to more place. More over there is no proper passenger facility, or proper arrival and departure bays.

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1.4 Terminal as public space: New approach The main characteristic of bus terminals is their convergence function, because they serve as important nodes of transfer between different modes. These nodes are the focus of passenger activity, which is a potential ingredient for a vibrant city space. Needless to say, high level of passenger activity attracts business and retail functions, which generates secondary footfall and propels a mere terminal site into an attractive urban destination. Thus, Indian cities require a new approach of planning and designing terminals, one that views them as integrated in the urban realm and contributing to the quality of the city space. Within this framework, not only shall designers and planners secure the prerequisites of a transport infrastructure facility, but also explore its integration in the urban fabric as a tool to catalyse its surroundings. Terminal branding can also prove to be a crucial element, one that contributes towards image building of the overall public bus system besides, adding to the passenger experience.

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Chapter 2 Research 2.1 Areas of Research 2.2 Essential Requirements 2.3 Types of Bus Terminals 2.4 Problem Identification 2.5 Case Studies 2.6 Inferences

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2.1 Areas of Research 2.1.1 Access and approach Traditional bus terminal facilities fail to provide convenient access to public buses; their closed confines make access extremely difficult for passengers. Current attempts to improve busbased public transport access are only concerned with improvement of street infrastructure, and focused mainly on pedestrian facilities and bus stops. Access to the terminal should be convenient, barrier free and facilitate streamlined internal circulation. Additionally, the ingress and egress points should be so located that they are not in conflict with traffic circulation at the peripheral road network (Planning Department Hong Kong 2014). One way of achieving this is by creating alternative access/egress points by integrating multi modal facilities with the bus terminal; this can further convenience commuters by providing access/egress choices.

2.1.2 Existing capacity and future demand estimation In addition to operational requirements, terminal planning and designing should also factor in the estimates for existing capacity and future (horizon year) demand. The considerations for redressal of potential short-term and long-term capacity constraints, and future expansion on the basis of estimated horizon year demand should be incorporated early in the planning stage.

2.1.3 Enhanced level of service The basic premise of the Level of Service (LOS) framework is that passengers are sensitive to the amount of space surrounding them. When this space is compromised by crowding, they perceive it as a deterioration of service (Transportation Research Board 2011). LOS is an indicator of how good the present situation in a given facility is, and helps determine the environmental quality of a given space based on the function it is serving. To plan for critical LOS requirements for a terminal (as listed in different standards), one must first understand the entire journey of a passenger through the facility. Each activity planned for the passenger/ commuter needs to offer a baseline level of service as per space standards and area allocation.

2.1.4 Integrating multi-modal accessibility and feeder infrastructure Integrating provisions for feeder modes—like cycle rickshaws, auto rickshaws, buses, private vehicles etc.—in the facility design, ensures improved accessibility and conflict free circulation. Planned allocation of space for such modes helps reduce delays, and improves level of service for passengers. The aim is to facilitate seamless transfers, in order to create the impression that the journey is continuous (and without breaks).

2.1.5 Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) Passenger safety is fundamental to the attractiveness and increased use of public transport. A commuter should feel safe using public transport at any time (of day and night) and at any location (TransLink Transit Authority 2011). CPTED promotes the notion that it is possible to apply creative urban design principles to reduce incidence and perception of crime. This includes better urban planning, including effective lighting, barrier-free circulation, enhanced visibility, signage and way finding, integrated commercial activities (formal or informal) to avoid dark or inactive corners etc. Integrating CPTED shall ensure better connectivity as well as enhanced and attractive usage.

2.1.6 Integrating universal design India’s Disability Act of 1995 suggests that public infrastructure be barrierfree for all. This implies that bus terminal facilities should be inclusive and accessible for all, including differently-abled people, people carrying luggage, pregnant women, children, people travelling with infants (in hand or stroller) etc. All passengers should be able to cover their journey in a seamless manner with minimum effort.

2.1.6 Integrating sustainable development practices structure plans and development practices should consider green building technologies to reduce the overall carbon footprint and adverse impact on the environment, both during the development and operational phase. Construction practices may employ material (and techniques) with low embodied energy, while energy requirements for the terminal’s operations may be met through sustainable means and use of efficient technologies. This may include use of solar energy, efficient LED lighting, passive cooling/heating measures, higher reliance on natural lighting etc. Additionally, techniques for noise control, solid waste management, waste water re-cycling, use/ re-use of waste water, and rain water harvesting should be integrated in the proposal during the planning stage.

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2.2 Essential Requirements 2.2.1. Primary Infrastructural Requirements 2.2.2. Supporting Infrastructure

2.2.1 Primary Infrastructural Requirements 1.Passenger areas a. Ticketing and queuing b. Passenger waiting areas c. Passenger conveniences (drinking water facilities and toilets) d. Passenger circulation e. Boarding/Departing areas f. Facility entry g. Tourist information h. Security, including CCTV cameras i. Retail, concessions and lease space j. Dormitories and lodging (if required) k. Cloak room l. Railway reservation

2.Areas for terminal staff a. Revenue office b. Security and information c. Ticketing booth d. Resting room e.Staff conveniences (drinking water facilities and toilets) f. Canteen g. Maintenance staff (chairs and lockers) h. Control room (CCTV surveillance)

3.Areas for Bus staff a. Canteen b. Resting areas c. Lodging areas (if required) d.Bus staff conveniences (drinking water facilities and toilets)

2.2.2 Supporting Requirements Bus terminal infrastructure planning is not just about provision of requisite facilities, but also about how these facilities serve the terminal users. It has been observed that even large and newly constructed terminals fail to meet commuter requirements and expectations. This can be attributed to poor functionality and upkeep of provided facilities, such as shabby waiting areas, lack of connectivity, dilapidated rest sheds, stinking environs, poor ambience etc.Supporting infrastructure refer to the additional facilities which aid in enhancing user experience, efficiency, and attractiveness of bus terminal. These include provision for feeder infrastructure, seating, landscaping, lighting, way finding (Passenger Information Systems (PIS), signage and marking), public art, and breakdown services.

1.Feeder infrastructure The infrastructure which connects the bus terminal with the city is referred to as supporting access (or feeder) infrastructure. It includes provision for various modes that provide access—and act as feeder—to the bus terminal. These include parking for private vehicles; drop-off and pickup bays for private vehicles, taxis, auto rickshaws cycle rickshaw, shared vehicles such as vans/jeeps etc.; and bays and/or stops for local bus services. Integration of all these modes makes for higher passenger convenience and increased intermodal accessibility.

Proposed Feeder infrastructure

2.Seating Seating—in and around the bus terminal complex—shall be planned to cater to a minimum of 30% of all passengers in the facility. Seating is required so as to avoid obstruction to the flow of passenger traffic through the complex; it should be designed to combine comfort, ease of maintenance and resistance to vandalism.

Proposed Seating

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3.Hardscape and landscaping

Proposed Hardscape & Landscape

It is important to ensure that landscaping complements the spatial design and enhances the visual appeal of the terminal. Outdoor and indoor passenger areas should be smoothly hardscaped, to facilitate easy connection between site’s periphery and the terminal. The paving’s surface quality should ensure durability as well as resistance against wear, walking comfort and usability by wheelchairs, prams and baggage trolleys.

4. Lighting Lighting should be designed to meet minimum illumination levels and quality standards for both indoor and outdoor application. Natural lighting elements such as sky lights shall be used to enhance lighting level without increasing the energy load of the terminal facility. Lighting fixtures should be energy efficient, require low maintenance, and minimize light pollution and glare.

5. Signage

Proposed Lighting Bus Bays

PIS—including both dynamic and fixed signage—constitute an integral part of the terminal’s way finding infrastructure, and play an important role in regulating vehicular and pedestrian movement. They provide relevant information, warnings and directions, thus facilitating ease of access, convenience and safety. They should be strategically placed, consistent and easy to interpret. Public address system should be integrated into the design, at all terminal facilities.

6. Public art

Drop off lane Signage Boards

Visual space perception (mental copying of objects and events of the outer world) helps people recognize spaces within a particular environment, such as a bus terminal complex. It increases the imageability, cultural identity, and social attractiveness of enclosed spaces. As such, public art installations and other aesthetic elements in the complex are likely to contribute to its visual appeal and overall attractiveness, and must be integrated into the terminal building’s development.

Focal Point

2.3.Services in the Proposed ISBT  Provision of Independent Electrical sub-station  Common Area Lighting with LED Lights  Power Back-up - Provision of DG sets  Provision for entertainment such as Televisions at designated places  Passenger Information Displays System  Provision for Elevators  Provision of Escalators  Fire Detection and Alarm System  Fire-Fighting System  Solar electric power system for harvesting Solar Energy  CCTV System  Public Address System  Access Control System  UPS & Emergency Lighting  Signage  Telephone Networking System  Provision for drinking water  Underground/ Overhead Water Storage Tanks  Rain Water Harvesting System  Sewage Treatment Plant [STP]  Effluent Treatment Plant [ETP] for Bus Wash  Water Distribution System  Air-Conditioning of Passenger Lounge  GPS based Digital Clock.  Lightning Protection of Building

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2.4 Problem Identification a) Shelter b) Safety and Security c) Passenger Information d) Barrier free Design e) Platform dimensions f) Aesthetic Design g) Fare collection a. Shelter They are to extend along the full length of the platform serving as a weather protection to the passengers. • should be of high quality, prefabricated and modular. • The Shelter roofs should be such that rain water is directed away for the vehicle side. b. Passenger Information Passenger information should be provided such as signage’s, route details and graphics. • bold identification signage, transit route maps, neighbourhood maps placed at prominent locations. • Signage and graphics should readily distinguish the bus stations from the regular stops. • Digital display could be optionally placed at station entries. c)Safety and Security Security is essential as the BRT stops would be open for extended hours and likely to be unattended. Visibility is also an important criterion to security. Passengers should be able to see the surrounding location and be seen from the locations outside the station. Adequate illumination, especially at nights is necessary. d)Barrier Free Design Accessible to by the physically challenged. The internal layout of the shelter should be barrier free facilities easy circulation.

Access via ramps need to be provided for stops having platforms.

e) Platform Dimensions * The Length of the platform depends upon the length of the vehicle and the number of bays required which is in turn depends upon design bus volumes and service times at any given time. *Width of the platform varies from 2.5 M to 5 M. *The Platforms could be provided either at a low height or at a higher level. * Access to the high platforms from the pedestrian path needs to be provided through ramps. f)Aesthetic Design * Aesthetics and passenger friendliness in addition to a modern appearance together formulate the essential architectural considerations. * The design should symbolize an image representing speed in hand with modernity. * Over use of advertising displays resulting in a visual clutter needs to be curtailed at bus stops. g) Fare Collection * Off board fare collection policy reduces the dwell time at bus stations and enables rapid boarding and lighting. The station could be divided into paid areas and free areas. Entry into the paid area of the station can be controlled by introduction of turnstile and other control devices.

Bogota is one such example of a controlled access station..

2.5 Case Studies

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Concourse Level Plan

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Section

Chapter 3 Area Programme 3.1 Usage Pattern 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Area Standards 3.4 Reading the area programme

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Usage Pattern Concourse

Children

Office Spaces

Staffs

Recreational Area

Ticket Counter/ Enquiry

Adults and Professionals

Families

Tourism Centre

Rental Shops

Elderly

Dormitory

Tourists

Eateries

Platforms

3.2 Data Collection 3.2.1 Bus Count and Origin-Destination Survey Types of Buses

Number of Buses Entering and Exiting Daily

Inter City

850 (600 + 250 )

Inter State

60 (30+30)

Total

910

Peak Period 7.30 am – 9.00 am 3.30 am – 5.00 am 7.00 am – 10.30 am

State-wise Share of Buses

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Daily Passenger Head Count Direction

Daily passenger (24 hours)

Peak Time

Peak Hour Passenger

Entry

20350

7.30 am – 10.00 am

2000

Exit

8250

7.30 am – 10.00 am

1000

Both

28600

3000

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Chapter 4 Site study 4.1 Introduction to the site 4.2 Site Drawing 4.3 Site and context images 4.4 Site analysis 4.5 Climate data and analysis 4.6 Visibility

4.1 Introduction to the site Proposed by : MORTH – Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Site Location : Jagir Ammapalayam,Salem Site Ares : 25 Acre (101171 Sq.m) Project : Inter State Bus Terminal

4.1.1 Site Norms Permissible F.A.R: 1.5 Permissible GC : 20 % Proposed GC : 36421 Sq.m Permissible Height : 30 meters Parking : 30% Setbacks : The Open spaces infront of the building shall not be less than 12m.

Other open spaces around the building shall not be less than 6m.

Barrier free access for the differently abled person.

Entrance Minimum 1.5m, Main entrance to disabled car parking should be 30m.

(CMDA,DCR Clause 31,Clause 50)

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4.2 Site Master Plan

Proposed Site

4.3 Site Drawing

Site Images

Site Area : 25 Acre Set Back 12 m,6 m.

Located at Jagir Ammapalayam, this 1600 crore (sixteen billion rupee) project that includes the ring road project from Arabic college to Ayodhiyapatinam of Salem, aims to reduce traffic congestion within Salem City and improve passenger convenience. Busses from Major cities such as Bangalore and Chennai could reach the bus port directly and the bus port can also serve feeder busses to Salem Railway Station (distant at 4.0 km) and Salem Airport (distant at 19.7 km).

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Site Context 7

Towards Bangalore NH 44

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4

5 3

Towards Kanyakumari

Legend 1. Five Roads 2.Railway station 3.Omalur Road 4.Radisson Blu Hotel 5.Manipal Hospital 6.State Highway Node 7.Mines National Highway

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4.4 Site Analysis

4.5 Climate Analysis Salem, the wet season is oppressive and overcast, the dry season is humid and partly cloudy, and it is hot year round. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 67°F to 99°F and is rarely below 63°F or above 104°F.

Salem Landuse Map

Traffic Plan

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Site Analysis Wind Direction : North East

4.6 Visibility The Design has a great visibility from the Main road.

Proposed Site

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Vehicular Movement & Access to the Site

Proposed Site

“A variety of vehicles operate simultaneously. From private cars,to school buses to Auto’s- there are”multiple modes of transport present.

“Although the roads are sufficiently wide,the primary road - catering to multiple sectors, sees heavy traffic” movement.

Due to a large number of Colleges around,the buses cause a major havoc at the peak school timings.The signals are not well designed for their smooth turning and often cause a jam. Since the plots are set far apart, vehicular movement becomes essential need to navigate around town.

Points of Traffic Congestion Access to the Site Primary Road Secondary Road

Tourism Places in Salem

Source : www.taimilnadutourism.com

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Chapter 5 Technology Project vision/emphasis Part 1: Sustainability Measures i.Solar Trees ii.Solar Pavillion iii. Piezoelectric floors Part 2 :Services technology i.ITS ( Intelligent Transport System) ii.Raised flooring cabling system Part 3 :Structural systems i.Diagrid structures

Project vision Sustainable strategies & Relevance to the project “In relation to the vision anddesign,” “sustainable design forms one of the most critical features of the project.This is due to, 2 primary reasons.

Promoter of sustainable building practices Given the public nature and the large scale of the project, there is an oppurtunity to demonstrate the workings and advantages of a sustainable building, in a context which hasn’t seen any such prominent example.

Operating in a context which is largely made up of homgenous. housing towers made up of RCC and grit plastered finish, this center can be a chance of demonstrating sustainable and green building practices.By promoting practices like water conservation, electricity generation andon site waste management, the architecture of the Bus Port ,can itself serve a tool of education. It can help promote the idea of learning by seeing and doing.

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Project vision Sustainable strategies & Relevance to the project

Self sufficient : Financially independent institution Public Buildings - specially oriented around a Bus Terminal - get very poorly funded in the current Indian context. Run by the state for the public good,they are very poorly financed which effects their programming and functioning.This leads to lesser people visiting the Terminal and the building being very poorly maintained. By adopting innovating cooling techniques integrated within the architecture of the Terminal, the requirements of heating and cooling can also drastically reduce.By being able to generate its own electricity and re-using its water,it can reduce the building operating costs drastically. With reduced opertational costs andalternative source of income, the center can focus all the funds received on the conducting programmes andthe betterment of its various facilities.

Part - 1 Sustainability Measures Solar Trees Solar trees are intended to bring visibility to solar technology and to enhance the landscape and architecture they complement, usually in a commercial or public context. An objective of many solar tree installations is to promote awareness, understanding, and adoption of renewable energy Solar Tree Concept Each leaf consist of 16 cells 24 Lower Branches 24 Upper Branches Lower Branch has 6 leafs each Upper Branch has 4 leafs each

Each leaf generate 3.2 Volts of 100mA at 0.5 Sunlight

Total 3840 solar cells.

Usage: Street lights for shade in the day and as street lights at Night.

Upper and Lower branches will product 3.2V @ 1A as a pair

Piezoelectric floors piezoelectric tiles can work fantastically well as self-powered sensors, tracking the movement of people through these public spaces.

Pavegen Systems produces energy harvesting tiles that can harness an average of 7 watts per step from an average weighted, walking person.

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Solar Pavillion Pavilions are installed in Site to provide shelter and a feeder service installing solar powered lights on the pavilions can be a great way to provide people the needed lighting while not disturbing the surrounding area trenching in standard electric.

Part - 2 Service Technology ITS - Intelligent Transport System A bus terminal’s function is to manage commuters and buses in a synchronized and organized manner, ensuring comfort, safety, and security of the terminal users (commuters, staff and operators). Terminals often fail at this, owing to lack of controlled information sharing, which causes anxiety and inconvenience among users. In India, terminals are plagued with problems like increased waiting time, uncertainty in bus arrival, and stacking of buses in the terminals. Bus schedule is often disturbed due to unpredictable factors like traffic conditions, weather situation, traffic jams, breakdowns etc. This leads to unreasonably long waiting time at the terminal, which compromises level of service to passengers, ultimately reducing the attractiveness of the facility.

Passenger Information system/display (PIS/PIDS): It is an electronic information system which provides realtime passenger information. It may include both predictions about bus arrival and departure time, as well as information about the nature and causes of disruptions. PIS serves as a communication link between terminal operators and commuters (Trapeze 2015). With the help of passenger information technology, terminal authorities can communicate with passengers to provide them real-time bus location and status updates, schedule data, and timely announcements.

Bus Information system (BIS): It provides information required by bus staff i.e. drivers and conductors. It includes bus parking information, schedule of bus entry and exit in the terminal, route information, and trip information. BIS enables a bus driver to precisely allocate dispatching time (for the next trip) from the terminal, and get information on the bus bay allocated to her/him for boarding passengers (especially important in dynamic bay allocation type of bus terminal operations).

Raised Floor electrical system Flexible cable management system

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Part - 3 Structural System Diagrid Structure A diagrid is a framework of diagonally intersecting metal, concrete, or wooden beams that is used in the construction of buildings and roofs. It requires less structural steel than a conventional steel frame.

1. Steel Diagrid Structural System The most commonly and popularly used material in the construction of diagrids is steel. The sections commonly used are rectangular HSS, rounded HSS and wide flanges. The weight and size of the sections are made so as to resist the high bending loads. They can be quickly erected and the cost of labor for the installation is low.

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Chapter 6 Design Determinents 6.1 Determinents for Zoning 6.2 Determinants For Bubble Diagram 6.3 Determinents for Circulation

6.1 Determinents for Zoning

11 10

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11 10 11 2

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1

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Legend 1 . Terminal Building 2. Hardscape & Landscape 3. Feeder Services 4.Two Wheeler Parking

5.Four Wheeler Parking 6.Driver’s Hostel 7.Bus Idle Parking 8.Bus Service Station

9.Fuel Station 10.Platforms 11.Services

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6.2 Determinents for Bubble Diagram

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1 . Bus Entry 2. Four Wheeler Entry 3. Main Entry 4.Main Exit 5.Two Wheeeler Entry 6. Bus Exit 7. Feeder Services 8.Seating Area ( Recreational) 9.Hardscape/Landscape 10.Terminal Building 11.Bike Parking 12.Car Parking 13.Drivers Hostel 14. Bus Idle Parking 15. Bus Service Station 16.Fuel Station 17.Services 18.Solar Trees 19.Platforms 20.Idle Parking Entry

6.3 Determinents for Circulation

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Chapter 7 Design Development 7.1 Introduction to the Concept 7.2 Form Development

7.1 Icon of The City “Transportation building is the entrance point of the city. Thus, it should has not only symbolic value but also memorizable and unique” Idea Development

Architectural Concept - Bus Terminal The overall design of the terminal trace the circulation of the passengers from arrival to departure ensuring that each juncture required in the movement of the passenger is as seamless as possible. The Bus stand/ terminal shall be visually appealing; open, spacious, well-lit and consistent with the environment. The space and facilities here shall satisfy functional requirements in the peak hour for the target year under all operating conditions.

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The overall target is a ‘state-of-the-art’ terminal, for which we list key design objectives * Attractive, modern, iconic architecture with civic dignity. * Comfort and convenience of the users of the facilities. * User-friendly facilities & services for convenience of users. * Special amenities for the physically challenged and special needs passengers. * Circulation to have adequate space and routes which are direct and obvious. * Planning to have good lines of sight, avoiding cross-flows and congestion. * Provide a variety of amenities in a clean and pleasant environment. * Entrances to be well coordinated with other forms of transport. * All public areas to be visually open, welcoming and well lit. * Retail and service areas to be modern, successful, and well-coordinated within the design. * Utilize leading edge technologies and innovative services. * Service access and emergency vehicle access to be coordinated within the design. * Master plan to improve urban design and transport links in the entire area of terminal environs. * Sustainable considerations in the development * Commercial Property Development to be optimized and integrated within the overall design.

7.2 Form Development

Visibility for the Site

View from East Facing

Stage - 1

View from North East Facing

Stage - 2

View from NorthFacing

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7.2 Form Development (Massing)

Level -1 Cutting the space for Concoure

Level -2 space for Concoure

Level -3 Second Floor

Section through concourse area.

Isometric View of All levels.

Final Massing

Dormitory Concourse (Double floor height) Rental Shops Basement

Level -4 Adding the focal Point

Section through Centre structure Dormitory Concourse Tourism Centre Ticket Counter Area Basement

Conceptual Views

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Design Vision

ISBT,Salem.

Tourism Centre,Library,Eateries,Waiting Area Commercial Shops , Hardscapes and Landscapes

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Design Vision

“A developed country is not a place where the poor have cars. It’s where the rich use public transportation” – Gustavo Petro, Mayor of Bogotá

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Chapter 8 Final Design 8.1 Site 8.2 Terminal Building 8.3 Platform 8.4 Drivers Hostel 8.5 Bus Service Station 8.6 Fuel Station

Icon of the City

O1 . Figuring out the overall volume and footprint of the project. Identifying buildable zones. Identifying maximum volume Visualising over all built.

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State of the Art

02. Segregated the terminal entry to free up space for a huge public greens and stepping towards the Terminal Building and Platforms.

Clustering built to maximise public access greens.

Breaking down the retaining wall for improved visual and physical accessibility.

8.1 Site To wa rd

sB

an

Location : Salem, Tamil Nadu, India Client : MORTH – Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Area : 25 Acre

ga

lor e

7

6 5

4

3

2

1

To wa rd

sK an ya k

um

ar

i

Legend 1.Entry for Bus 2.Entry for Four Wheeler 3.Entry For Passengers/Feeders 4.Entry 5.Exit for Feeder Services 6.Entry for Two wheeler 7.Exit for Bus

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8.1 Site Plan

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Legend Legend : 1.Four Wheler Parking 2.Feeder Services (Auto/Taxi) 3.Solar Pavilion 4.Two Wheeler Parking 5.Special Parking (Disabled Parking) 6.VIP Parking 7.Crowd Control Area (Landscape) 8.Terminal Building 9.Platforms 10.Bus Bays 11.Drivers Hostel 12.Bus Parking/Depo 13.Bus Service Station 14.Fuel Station 15.Entry Ramp 16.Exit Ramp 17.Bus Entry 18.Bus Exit 19.Electrical Substation 20.STP/ETP 21.Waste Management System 22.Rainwater Harvesting 23.RO Plant 24. Solar Trees

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8.2 Terminal Basement Parking Car Parking - 111 Bike Parking - 200

Legend 1. Service Core 2.Staff Entry 3.Utility Storage 4.Underground waterstorage

Legend 1.Ticket Counter 2.Info Desk 3.Transport Office 4.Rental Shops 5.AC Waiting Hall 6.Seating Area 7.Toilets 8.Service Outlets 9.Cloak Room 10.ATM 11. Drinking Water 12.ITS

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Legend 1.Tourism Centre 2.Food Court 3.Library 4.Rental Shops 5.Kids play area 6.Seating Area 7.Toilets 8.Service Outlets

Legend 1.Dormitory 2.Dormitory Booking 3.Toilets 4.Rental Shops 5.10m Wide Corridor 6.Seating Area 7.Service Outlets

Legend 1.SETC Office 2.TNSTC Office 3.Toilets 4.Vertical Movement 5.Indoor Plant 6.Storage for Staffs

10m Wide corridorand Indoor plant Plant Name : Fiddle leaf fig (Ficus Lyrata)

Mens Toilet 6 WC 12 Urinals 1 Special Toilet Women’s Toilet 10 WC 1 Special Toilet 1 Special Gender Toilet 2 Ancillary Functions

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I beleive staircase has an important role in the building

10m Wide corridor with double floor height Concourse Area

Section - A

Section - C

Section -B

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Section - D

Left Elevation

South Elevation

North Elevation

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Hardscapes

View of Crowd control Area,South East Elevation and Solar pavilion with Feeder service.

Seating Area

Entrance Porch with Shading Device

View from Car Parking

Platform Structure

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Exploded Axonometric View

1000 mm Dia Column 18 mm Steel Rope Glass

Slab Metal Plate

Partition

Aerial View of Platforms

Seating Area

Detail Platform Structure Light gives Shape to the platform

8.4 Driver’s Hostel Plan

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Elevation

Section

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8.4 Bus Service Station & Fuel Station

3 4 1

2

Plan

Legend

5

5

5

1

Tools Room

2

Mechanic Room

3

Maintanence Area

4

Water wash Area

5

Fuel Station

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8.5 Technology - Sustainable Project vision/emphasis Part 1: Sustainability Measures i.Solar Trees ii.Solar Pavillion iii. Piezoelectric floors

Solar Trees

Piezoelectric floors

Solar Pavillion

Part 2 :Services technology i.ITS ( Intelligent Transport System) ITS installed in terminal Arrival Concousre ,Departure Concourse and all the platforms.

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Thank you