Renaissance review

Module 1, Lesson 2 Test: “The Renaissance and Northern Renaissance” Review Sheet  The Renaissance (Overview) o What came before?  The Middle Ages  Dominance of the Church- Weakening of the Church  The Crusades  The Black Plague  End of Feudalism in western Europe  The 100 Years War/ War of the Roses  Fall of Constantinople  Scholasticism and St. Thomas Aquinas o CAUSES  Florence- center of east-west/ north-south European trade  Renewal of Classicism  Rise of Secularism- was not religious or scientific  Rise of education- Humanism and Humanities, celebrated the awakening of the human spirit  Urbanism due to trade  Focus on individual over the group  The Italian City-States: o Treaty of Lodi o Florence- The Medici Family (1397- Medici bank, led to Papal banking)  Patronizing the arts  Social classes (popolo)  Condottierri and Podesta  Pazzi Conspiracy (1479)  Savonarola o Venice o Milan  Sforza  Appealed to Charles VIII o Naples o Papal States  Pope Sixtus IV  Pope Alexander VI  Cesare Borgia  Pope Julius II  1516- Concordat of Bologna  Pope Leo X

 Humanism/ Secularism/ Individualism/ Classicism: o Petrarch o Studia Humanitatis o Humanism emphasized:  Human beings  Human achievements  Human capabilities o Studied Classicism o Individualism stressed:  Personality  Uniqueness  Fullest development of capabilities  The quest for glory o Secularism concerned with material world not spiritual world. o Dante o Boccaccio o Castiglione o Valla o Machiavelli o Christine de Pisan  Italian Renaissance Art: o Natural representation of beauty, used nudity (classicism) o Still maintained religious themes o Emphasis on classical symbolism o New perspective and use of symmetry and geometry o Saw the development of the portrait as a new means of self-promotion o Characteristics of Renaissance art o Giotto o Massaccio o Da Vinci o Raphael o Michelangelo o Ghiberti o Donatello o Botticelli o Brunellesch  Charles VIII and the French Invasions: o Start of the Italian Wars- invaded in 1494

o Louis XVII succeeded and invaded Italy in 1499 o Holy League- Papal States, Venice, HRE, vs. France o HRE Charles V took Milan from Spain, involved in the sack of Rome  Northern Renaissance o Flanders o Printing Press o Christian Humanism  Erasmus  Philosophia Christi  More  Shakespeare o Northern Renaissance art  Jan Van Eyck  Albert Duerer  Hans Holbein the Younger  Peter Brueghel the Elder  Rise of Northern Monarchies o France o England o Spain o HRE