3.2 Studio Portfolio - Unity Through Sport

&rchitecture 3.2

James Wild

Contents

2-3. 3.1 Recap

4. &POW

5. Site Section

6. Sketch Development

7-9. Sectional Development

10-12. Schematic Development

13. Precedent Analysis

14. Volumetric Modelling

15. Landscaping

16. Environmental Strategy

17-19. Structural Buildups

20. Materiality

21. Construction Sequence

22-23. Plans

24. Tactile Details

25. Masterplan

26. Section

27. Visualisation

28. Elevation

29. Sectional Perspective

30. Five Point Reflection

Racism in Burnley Masterplan

01. A lack of sports spaces for the youth to play resorts to public areas being used and antisocial behaviour. This is shown by The Council's 'Playing Pitch Strategy', which identifies an 'identified future demand shortfall' in Football pitches within Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale.

02. A lack of street lighting makes quiet alley ways unsafe in derelict areas.

Racism has been a problem in Burnley for a while. Since the 2001 race riots there has been a divide, more specifically between White and Asian people. This is emphasised with movements such as the British National Party - a far-right, fascist political party who won its first seat in 2009 after 8,000 votes - as well as events such as the White Lives Matter Burnley plane banner in 2020, flown in Manchester during a televised Burnley F.C.

I believe that racist characteristics are engrained passively from a young age. To counteract this, my project will be a Football centre where children from ages of 3-10 years old can play. This will help build community via social activity, allowing positive relationships to be formed. This will change the stereotype within Burnley and allow a closer community, more understanding of one another.

03. The site’s context provides Cuckoo Mill, a listed building and River Calder, a natural water way. These are key features and intriguing views I would like to incorporate.

04. Alley ways under roads are dark and quiet, potentially leading to more antisocial behaviour. My scheme tries and divert the youth away from exposure to these paths of life, allowing them to do something enriching instead.

Site + Market Areas of Interest Pedestrian Routes Bus Routes

Sectional Axonometric

The key design idea is the curved roof, taking inspiration from a rippling net. This motion would occur with contact from a ball, for example when someone scores a goal. This would be common within my scheme, so links the building design to the use.

REUSE: Designing for deconstruction; materials can be reused due to timber’s longevity (SDG 12: Ensure sustainable consumption & product patterns)

TRANSPORT: Sourcing locally from forests near to site reduces Carbon emissions from lack of overseas travel (SDG 13: take urgent action to combat climate change and it’s impacts)

MATERIALS: Prefabricated timber elements are easy to fit on site to allow for an easy build process, reducing machinery emissions (RIBA SOG; Sustainable Land Use & Biodiversity: 4, carry out sustainable remediation of sit pollution)

My building is intended to be a community space, allowing people from all cultures to interact and form new relationships. Double height spaces allow openness within each floor, linking to the demolition of boundaries that I want to influence between different cultures in Burnley. This creates seamless links throughout the entire building.

MANUFACTURE: Raw materials can be manufactured off site, to reduce site damage and allow vegetation to grow (RIBA SOG; Sustainable Land Use & Biodiversity: 8, create habitats that enhance bio-diversity)

TIMBER

USE: Timber rafters used as focal point for aesthetic, attracting user’s attention and giving a warm and comforting internal atmosphere (RIBA SOG; Good Health & Well-Being: 2, Comfort [‘six killer variable that significantly improve user satisfaction’])

CONSTRUCTION: Easy build due to prefabrication, using joints and methods for deconstruction and re-use (SDG 11: Make cities ... inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable)

END OF LIFE: Deconstruction is a quick process, allowing the timber to be re-used as much as possible during it’s approximately 70 year life span (RIBA SOG; Sustainable Land Use & Ecology: 2, prioritise building and site re-use)

The use of timber throughout my scheme links to its longevity and ability to recycle and reuse. Combine this by building for deconstruction and it can become a reality. Being able to maintain for a long time links to the growth of my economic actor. When using my space at a young age, the same timber will be used as when they are a lot older. This shows continuity and growth throughout life cycles, whether it is the materiality or human life cycle.

• Alerting the public of the problems and encouraging communication within the community to try and find solutions

• Designing buildings that leave no trace by encouraging re-use and recycle at the end of the life cycle

6.

• Promote healthy and sustainable travel to and from site, such as walking and cycling

• Safer and more accessible routes to site will encourage a reduced use of cars, to minimise emissions in the area

RIBA PLAN OF WORK

• Using alternative methods of construction that reduce environmental effects, such as prefabrication or modular

• Reducing the need for heavy machinery and substituting for better alternatives on the environment, such as hand craft

• Finding inclusive activities to involve and strengthen the Burnley community in a re-usable space designed for longevity around circular economy principles

• Enhancing the community aspect via physical sport links to SDG 03, promoting ‘good health and well-being’

1.

•Designing a space which is re-usable through cradle-to-cradle design, reducing the need for demolition and waste

• Find ways to encourage reductions in Greenhouse gas emissions through healthier activities, which will benefit the user and environment

2.

•Encourage user engagement through sustainable forms of tourism

• Create a programme which is affordable and enjoyable for Burnley, without solely looking for economic growth

•Designing sustainably helps keep in line with SDG’s 12 and 13 to act against climate change

• Developing zero carbon infrastructure to design buildings that leave no trace

• Zero carbon construction helps keep in line with the climate change targets, for example declining greenhouse gas emissions 43% by 2030

• Despite proposing a new build, deconstruction techniques allow for re-use and a great longevity

0. Strategic Definition

Preparation + Briefing

Concept Design

3. Spatial Coordination

4. Technical Design

5. Manufacturing + Construction

Handover

7. Use

The context to my site is key for my scheme, as I want my building to tie in and link with its surroundings. Shown by my section above, it does this with the direct context such as Cuckoo Mill and River Calder. The Viaduct Bridge is also in the user’s eyeline further back from the site. Having views to these areas from my space is a key driver to be able to keep the area together as one, bringing the community together in one space.

I also wanted to reference Burnley Market which can’t be directly seen from my site. The curve of my roof flows in the direction of the hall, again tying in context even if they aren’t visible from my area.

Viaduct Bridge Site Burnley Market Hall

Viaduct Bridge (21m)

River Calder (4m deep)

Cuckoo Mill (15m) Site + Building (14m) Burnley Market Hall (11m)

Sectional Layout

The large roof overhang acts as a shelter against weathering effects but also blocks natural sunlight into the top floor.

Three floors is a big area with lots of accommodation. Removing insignificant areas could potentially make the space more informal and create easier navigation around the build. I have reduced the number of floors down to two to create a calmer atmosphere, allowing comfort and ease when using the space.

Because of this, I have taken away the double height spaces to give more space to the two floors. However, this gives a lack of openness.

Roof Design

Adding a balcony over the River Calder allows the user to connect with nature while tying into the context. The roof overhang isn’t seen as a shading device anymore, whilst still providing shelter.

A bigger floor to ceiling height on the first floor pitch avoids roof damage, with the potential the ball could hit it. Offset glazing at a height that can avoid damage allows for natural sun lighting to penetrate the first floor. This accounts for the lack at pitch level due to potential damage. Columns situated within the panels allow for structural loads to be taken from the roof to create stability.

Ground Level Views

Glazing Structure Balcony Views

Offset glazing cannot be seen from ground level due to the height and overhang of the roof, which gives it a floating effect. This will attract the attention of the user, especially younger children which will be confused and even amazed by the effect it gives.

Due to the slender design of the glazing underneath a strong roof structure, I added columns to carry the loads. This reduces the need for them on the interior, which benefits the safety of my economic actors with less accidents from children running at high speed. Having no physical barriers allows for this while still holding loads from the roof.

The use of a balcony on the East allows an outdoor space with views to the context. Views to Cuckoo Mill and River Calder are key. The mill gives a sense of history due to it being listed, while the river allows a sense of nature.

Removing changing rooms allows extra space for the relaxation area, adding nearly eight metres of space from East to West, which is six more tables. This will enhance the community aspect, letting more people to use the space at once. This will give better interaction between the adults being able to form new relationships, proving that despite my scheme focussing on children learning and developing, it isn’t too late to change as an adult.

Increasing the roof overhang on the East allows for shelter over the balcony, overlooking Cuckoo Mill and River Calder. This provides protection against weather such as rain and wind, which are commonplace in Burnley throughout the year. However, the new design will require structure to hold its loads. It isn’t possible to have a five metre cantilever, therefore extra structure will provide stability while also working as an aesthetic feature.

Ground Floor Space Balcony Views

Floors Layout

Views are more important in the space that people can relax, linking the user to their context and creating internal comfort.

The pitch needs the easiest access route so having it on the ground floor allows this, meaning the user can join in on arrival. This also means the turf is the first thing people see upon entry. The sharp green colour will attract attention and create an uplifting aesthetic.

Having bike storage encourages healthy alternatives of travel to and from site, to divert away from motor vehicles. Doing this provides a healthy lifestyle for my economic actor (SDG three, “Good Health and Well-being”), while reducing Carbon emissions from frequent traffic on Active Way to the West.

Changing rooms aren’t a necessity and are taking up valuable space. Taking these rooms out increases ground floor width by approximately seven metres, giving more area to the relaxation area and allow greater use of this space. Furthermore, Southern sun lighting can pass through easier due to the lack of blockages.

Spatial design Glazing Sun lighting

1. Adding Structure

• Columns added to take structural loads from roof

• Overhangs create shelter to encourage outside interaction and appreciate the historic and natural context the site is within

• Balcony allows for views to this context, specifically River Calder and Cuckoo Mill

2. Moving Outdoors

• Adding an outdoor area brings the traditional feeling of playing Football in all weathers

• Viewers now have views of the pitch and the context at the same time

• The MUGA is within a cage, to stop the Football landing in the road - which could lead to accidents - or the River and being lost

• Trees and vegetation added as blockers:

• Trees on the West to reduce noise pollution from the traffic, which allows the children to hear and understand what they are being taught, to better develop

https://asbp.org.uk/asbp-news/planning-approval-marlborough-sports-garden

Precedent Analysis

• Marlborough Sports Garden, Southwark by Cullinan Studio (2021)

• ‘sustainable, mixed sports facility, freely available to school children and local young people’

• Community hub focussed on carbon neutrality and circular economy principles

• Shrubs on the East to slow the flow of rainwater into River Calder to prevent flood risk

3. Visual Links

• The pitch being larger on the ground floor, to allow all activity in the same space. Furthermore, access is easier to allow kids to join in quickly and not miss out

• The pitches can be separated, but making it open it creates a visual link throughout the entire space

• The relaxation area being on the first floor means guardians can still watch the session while forming their own new relationships with others, making their community bond stronger

Precedent Analysis

• Half of the outdoor space is under shelter, while keeping a clear visual link between the areas

• This gives the user a choice between playing indoors or out; allowing children responsibility and freedom to make their own choices

• This shelter is key for shade, due to Southwark having an average yearly temperature 1.47% higher than the UK average and less rainy days than the 2021 mean

• Stepped seating around the pitch allows for a communal viewing space, combining the adults and children into one space to improve relations and community

• Views to important areas of context from wherever you are

4. All as One

• Metal shading on South covers glazing for impact safety and reduce overheating

• Glazed area covered from impact of the Football

• Solar shading to reduce overheating in a warm space due to physical activity

• Glare will affect the eye sight of young children especially and cause discomfort, which will reduce their performance levels when playing

Precedent Analysis

• Each space within the project is its own entity with no barriers, creating an openness and giving a sense of relaxation to the user

• Having my pitch as one clear space gives the opportunity to have everyone playing together

• By having barriers between the areas, this could accidentally lead to segregated groups, which will hinder what my scheme is trying to achieve as children may choose their own groups and to ignore others

• By reducing this possibility, it keeps everyone together as one and means that they have to interact

Precedent Analysis

• Designing seating at the side of the pitch is key to engaging the community

• Having wider seating allows a greater use, while being in view of the entire hub

• The placement is key, with it being under shelter and in view of the site as a whole

5. Viewing is Key

6. Landscape Analysis

• Walkway to the seating area is wide enough to allow disabled access in two directions (in accordance with Part M building regulations)

• Bike storage encourages a reduced use of motor vehicles, which is high in Burnley due to Active Way

• Cycling or walking to the site will reduce the use of cars and diminish harmful emissions that are having a negative effect on the health of the user, which could be detrimental at a young age

7. Balcony Reduction

• The seating area allowing views to the context and providing outdoor space reduces the need for the East balcony

• It was away from the main source of activity on the inside, so removing it promotes everyone being in one space and encourage new relationships

• Roof overhang remains to provide shelter for the walkway to the seating area

8. Overhang Benefits

• Roof overhang increased on the North to provide shelter over the outdoor area

• Columns added symmetrically to take structural loads of roof, due to large cantilever

Precedent Analysis

• The flat roof design is used as a canopy, overseeing the interior, pitch and viewing area

• It connects both the outdoor and indoor areas of the turf and is used as a focal point for aesthetic

• Columns carry the structural loads down from the roof, to allow for a column free space, thinking about the safety of their economic actor by minimising structural work in busy areas

Madrid-Barajas Airport Terminal

Four by Estudio Lamela & Rogers

Stirk Harbour + Partners (2005)

• The space feels open due to curtain wall glazing and roof lights, allowing natural sunlight into the space

• Structural column of a concrete base and steel arms carry structural loads from the roof to the ground

• A long spanning roof with large cantilevers needs support, otherwise it would buckle and collapse

• This design intervention will be key to my structure, as I have a large cantilevers around my building that need support

Elevation Analysis

Column Development

Facade Sketch

Weather Sunlight Views Structure / Safety

• Columns either side of the opening allow better performance in terms of sunlight, ventilation and views

• Two columns allow for structural loads from the roof to be spread evenly

• Symmetry is created without taking the attention away from the roof, the focal point of the design

• I will use this design as it fulfils my design intentions the best

• The positioning and size of this iteration blocks sunlight, wind and views

• If I used this design, it would be unnecessary having open ends as they wouldn’t be utilised to their full potential

• Larger concrete base helps the roof more structurally, but at a loss of the other design ideas

• Slimmer column allows for sunlight, ventilation and views to become a factor within the space due to the bigger gaps left either side

• Organic form made from one material is an interesting aesthetic, but I don’t want it diverting attention from the roof design

• Despite its strength with structural loads, the environmental effects of having a full concrete column mean I won’t be choosing this design

• Canopies create interception in rainstorms, slowing the fall from the sky to the ground, which can be key in Burnley where there is lots of rain throughout the year

• The height of the trees provide a privacy barrier from the outside, while still allowing for views to the context from within the site

• Birch tapping is where sap is drained in the Spring and can be drunk, which could be an activity to engage my economic actors

Yellow Catkins appear from April to May, adding bright tones and a colourful aesthetic to attract the user’s attention

The white bark sheds layers throughout the year, eventually giving a blackened aesthetic. This tree changes a lot, similar to my scheme to encourage change within the community

• The height allows for a privacy barrier due to its thick texture

• Noise pollution from Active Way is diminished, allowing my user to hear and understand what they are being taught

• South-West prevailing winds will make my site colder in open areas occupying no physical activity, for example the kid’s relaxation area

• Hedging keeps this area within a comfortable temperature, avoiding uneccessary stress for young children

• Picking leaves can also be used as a temporary distraction to stimulate the short attention spans, which will give no disadvantage as they will grow back

Beech Hedging:

Silver Birch:

Environmental Strategy; Designing for Longevity

Green Roof:

• Increased bio diversity and lifespan, giving greater longevity

• Improves rainwater drainage, reducing risks of flooding which could occur with River Calder and heavy rainfall in Burnley

• Aids air quality, which will reduce pollution from Carbon emissions

SW

Prevailing Winds

Openable Glazing:

• Offset glazing can be opened to maintain cross ventilation from South West prevailing winds, keeping the first floor comfortable

• Despite being in the North, the large area of glazing will allow unshaded heat into the space which will be regulated by the ventilation system

• Single pane glazing as football restricted within outside cage

• Allows user inside to hear what is happening outdoors, so they always a part of the activity

Insulation Envelope:

• Consistent insulation envelope around the whole building allows for better heat retention, via thermal mass

• Reduced heat and energy loss within the building keeps operations running to a good quality

• Thermal mass allows for heat from the under floor system via the water source heat pump (situated in River Calder) to be retained, allowing it to perform to the best quality

Open Ended Pitch:

• Both North and South ends of my ground floor are open, allowing for cross ventilation throughout the space via South-West prevailing winds

• This will add comfort for my economic actor, who will get warm easily from completing physical exercise in any weather or climate

Water Source Heat Pump:

• Heat pump is situated in River Calder to the East of the site

• Eastern sunlight heats the water and converts to energy, which is taken by pipes and converted into useful sources

• Under floor heating is used due to the safety of my economic actor; it will be dangerous to have physical heating equipment with children running around

• Water shouldn’t dry out due to heavy rainfall yearly in Burnley, so has a good longevity which is key to my scheme

Structural Buildups: Floor

Initial Version:

After Consultation:

1) DPM, 5mm sheet (protects insulation from moisture)

2) Wood Fibre Insulation, 100mm (heat retention, preventing heat and energy loss)

3) Reinforced Concrete Footing (stop structural weight sinking)

4) Foundation Blocks (durable, cheap, quick construction)

5) Concrete Slab, 250mm (structural strength)

6) Wood Fibre Insulation, 150mm

7) DPC, 5mm sheet

8) Under Floor Heating Pipes system, 50mm (mechanical heating passing into space, safer version considering economic actors)

9) Soft Concrete Slab, 200mm (softer landing in case of accidents)

10) Floor Screed, 100mm (creates flat surface for finish)

11) Grass Turf, 20mm

(Part L, Table 4.1): U-Value = 1 / 24.022 = 0.042W/m2K (3dp) 0.042W/m2K < 0.18 W/m2K

9. Soft Concrete Slab: a softer material will reduce the impact on the children playing, should they be involved in accidents or bad tackles. If they fall over, the impact on collision with the floor will reduce.

8. Under floor heating: increases safety measures. Radiators around the pitch could be dangerous if children make contact with them.

Structural Buildups: Wall

After Consultation:

Initial Version:

1. Timber Cladding: exterior materiality used as weathering protection, while contrasting with Burnley’s stone vernacular.

7. Plywood Panelling: interior finish provides flat surface meaning it could be adapted, increasing the idea of the user taking ownership of their space.

1) Plywood Boarding, 12.5mm (provides flat and strong internal lining, won’t damage under impact)

2) Timber Battens, 50mm with cavity (provide air flow through structure, as well as service voids)

3) VCL, 5mm sheet (protects insulation from moisture)

4) Timber I-Joists within Wood Fibre Insulation, 150mm (heat retention, preventing heat and energy loss)

5) OSB, 9mm (provides flat surface and tight fit for insulation)

6) Wood Fibre Insulation, 100mm

7) DPC, 5mm sheet

8) Timber Battens, 50mm with cavity (provide air flow through structure, as well as service voids)

9) Timber Cladding, 30mm (protects structure against weathering)

(Part L, Table 4.1):

U-Value = 1 / 40.391 = 0.055W/m2K (3dp) 0.055W/m2K < 0.26 W/m2K

Structural Buildups: Roof

After Consultation:

Initial Version:

1) CLT gridshell rafters, 250mm (exposed for focal point of design)

2) Plywood panelling, 18mm (provides flat surface for rafters to join to)

3) VCL, 5mm sheet (stops water carrying through and penetrating structure)

4) Timber upstand, 150mm (allows extra source of natural sun light)

5) Woodfibre insulation, 150mm (creates thermal mass, allowing better heat retention)

6) DPC, 5mm sheet (stops water carrying through and penetrating structure)

7) Corrugated plastic reservoir sheet, 15mm (capture rainwater and drain excess away from structure)

8) Timber glazing frame, 60mm (holds skylight in place)

9) Sponge filter fabric, 50mm

10) Triple glazing, 6mm x 4mm x 4mm panels with 14mm spacings (thick unit allows good heat retention and fire resistance)

11) Grass growing medium, 10mm (improves biodiversity and air quality in and around site)

(Part L, Table 4.1):

U-Value = 1 / 38.966 = 0.026W/m2K (3dp) 0.026W/m2K < 0.16 W/m2K

1. Timber Gridshell Rafters: seen as a focal point for the aesthetic from any point of my design to attract the user’s attention.

5. Wood Fibre Insulation: creates a thermal mass within the roof, allowing better energy and heat retention. This reduces mechanical system use and keeps the space at a comfortable temperature.

Lunawood Thermowood Horizontal Cladding Panels (19mm x 142mm, 5,400mm length):

• 100% Chemical free, reducing harmful emissions in and around site

• Suitable for all climates, key for resisting rain which may come inside through open ends of ground floor

• Tongue and grooved panel allows easy assembly, therefore making it easily deconstructible and re-usable

• Horizontal panelling links back to Burnley Market, as panels align in direction of where it is

• Timber contrasts from vernacular of context, which is often stone

• Straight edges create interesting shadows in between, adding to the depth of the aesthetic

WISA-Birch Plywood Panels (1220mm x 2440mm, 12mm thickness):

• Strong and durable against impact, key as they are pivotal to design in both floors as football will rebound off them

• Waterproof, which helps resist rainwater which may enter the space due to the open ended design

• Bolted into place, making them easily deconstructible and re-usable

• Variations of aesthetic in panels can be used within activities, allowing kids to aim for specific colours to improve their skills

Astro Turf (30mm x 30mm tiles):

• Easy interlocking square tiles allow for ease of design, as well as deconstructability

• Lack of treatment required, such as watering or cutting

• Natural grass would require trimming frequently, which would emit harmful emissions due to the use of lawn mowers

• Easily cleaned by rainwater which will enter through open ends at North and South

• Good longevity to allow for re-use, with no toxic chemicals used or treatment required

• Usable in all weathers, meaning my space can be used consistently without having to cancel due to poor weather

1) Site Excavation and Foundations Laid

Ground prepared for strip foundations to be laid

2) Primary Structure Erected

Timber frame erected as primary, load bearing structure within the walls

3) Floor Build-up

Floor buildup with concrete slabs as main element

4) Wall Build-ups

Wall Buildups complete with pre-glazed elements to reduce site damage

5) Weather-Proof Cladding

Horizontal timber boards added to weatherproof the external walls

6) Roof Structure

Roof structure is created, focussing on the timber gridshell rafters and their exposure to form an attractive aesthetic

7) Internal Finishes

Internal finishes weather proof the interior, especially the ground floor due to the open ended design

8) U-Values

Part L, Table 4.1:

Maximum U-value for walls = 0.26 W/m2K

Maximum U-value for floors = 0.18 W/m2K

Maximum U-value for roofs = 0.16 W/m2K

Maximum U-value for windows = 1.6 W/m2K

Maximum U-value for doors = 1.6 W/m2K

Maximum U-value for rooflight = 2.2 W/m2K

1:5 Detail:

1:20 Detail:

• 1:5 detail shows half of the bench seating for my outside pitch area with steps and balustrade compliant with Part K building regulations

• I have made the heights of the seat purposely taller, to allow the user to still see the pitch and views to the context from wherever they are sat

• The area allows for more of a playground feel, being able to stimulate the attention of my economic actor while they are not playing football

• 1:20 detail shows a full iteration of the seating area

• The design allows them to spend quality time with their families, being able to link the two types of user

• The seating area creates visual links between the first floor relaxation area and the pitch, enhancing the safety aspect of the child

• Beech hedging used behind acts as a buffer to South West prevailing winds and noise from Active Way main road, which provides comfort for the user, especially children who may become distressed easier

Masterplan: Site to Market

Route:

Vegetation: improves the biodiversity and adds a natural aesthetic along the route from site to market

Street Lighting: lack of it in Burnley in quiet alley ways; makes the route safer, especially for those with young children

Waste Bins: lack of them in Burnley can lead to littering and therefore a dampened aesthetic and bad traits being developed by the youth

easiest access from site to Burnley Market Hall, with added interventions making it safer and a more pleasant area to travel in

Designed a space that intends to have positive effects within Burnley, as a community and on the environment of the area

Designing for deconstruction with materials that have a good longevity [timber] allows for re-use over a long life cycle, consequently reducing harmful emissions from demolition work 03

Created a design focussed on the user, their needs and requirements to create a comfortable and enjoyable space

Designing within circular economy principles gives my project a longer life cycle, allowing a scheme with benefits on the area as a whole to be used for longer

The ability to resolve a technological solution to use as a focal point for aesthetic will be seen as modernising Burnley and its vernacular