Eeguideclassof2016 doc by Marion Van Engelen

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

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Topic The Extended Essay timeline Class of 2016 What is an extended essay? In which language should you write an extended essay? Ethical Guidelines for extended essay research and fieldwork What is looked for in a good extended essay? How does the extended essay contribute towards your final IB diploma score? Guidance on choosing a research topic and formulating a research question or hypothesis Examples of extended essay research questions Getting started on your extended essay The ISL Library and the extended essay ❖ Your librarian ❖ The library catalogue ❖ Magazines, newspapers, online databases ❖ Wikipedia ❖ Looking at previous extended essays ❖ Some helpful books ❖ And for those doing an extended essay in a science subject How to keep a record of your research How to structure your extended essay a) A title page

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th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

b) An abstract c) An acknowledgements page (if appropriate) d) A contents page e) The essay itself (introduction, body and conclusion) f) The list of works cited g) Appendices (if appropriate) 13.

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Academic honesty and the extended essay ❖ Avoiding plagiarism ❖ Quotations ❖ Direct quotes ❖ Paraphrasing and indirect quotations A quick guide to MLA citation ❖ Citing from printed sources ❖ Citing from website sources ❖ Citing images from a website ❖ An important note about Figures & Tables Examples of MLA intext citation and bibliographic details for a variety of source types Formatting your work using MLA Footnote referencing an alternative to intext citation The extended essay checklist

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The remaining section of this guide contains the official IBO extended essay guide. You will find further details on the generic assessment criteria and information about various extended essay subjects on the following pages: Assessment criteria 1520 Geography 7578 Group 1 essays 2127 History 7983 Group 2 essays 2733 Mathematics 9699 Biology 3438 Music 100105 Business & Management 3842 Physics 114121 Chemistry Theatre 134138 4346 4

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

Economics 6165 Film 7075

Visual Art 138142

Section 1 – Extended essay timeline Stag e 1.

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Description

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● Introduction to the extended essay by the IB Coordinator. ● Students to read the ISL Guide to the Extended Essay from cover to cover. ● Introduction to research skills and MLA referencing – lead by Ms Marion, the librarian. ● Introduction to the extended essay in each subject area – Teachers will present to students on their extended essays with the support of subject teachers. ● Select potential subjects and discuss suitable areas of research with a teacher of your choice (there is no guarantee that this will be your final supervisor). ● Meeting with Ms Marion the librarian – to discuss your requirements and to help you complete your Extended Essay Proposal Forms. ● Conduct preliminary research and reading in the school library to find out if suitable supporting ‘ quality resources’ are available. ● Browse through past extended essays in the library. ● Complete the Extended Essay Proposal Forms with the aid of a teacher in the relevant subject areas. Extended Essay Proposal Forms handed in to the IB Coordinator . Students notified of the name of their supervisor. Meeting 1 with your assigned supervisor The supervisor will review with you the following: ● key points in the ISL Extended Essay Guide ● the assessment criteria and how they relate to an extended essay in your chosen field ● your initial extended essay proposal and the ‘quality resources’ you have found so far. With their guidance, you will also: ● refine your working title and research question/hypothesis ● plan your research strategy

February February

February – March DEADLINE Friday March 14 Late March – early April Late March/Early April

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

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● discuss potential sources of further information ● set goals for the next meeting with your supervisor – this should include creating a skeleton structure for your essay and producing a much more detailed bibliography and/or resource/equipment list Meeting 2 with your supervisor to: ● review the skeleton structure for your essay including a working title the research question/hypothesis experiment details if appropriate chapter headings (this will serve as a road map throughout the writing process) ● review your revised bibliography and/or resource/equipment list ● set targets for the ongoing work Formal Meeting 3 with your supervisor ● Ongoing notetaking, research work, experimentation and chapter writing. Extended Essay writing days ● Towards the end of the school year, two days will be dedicated to Extended Essay writing. Normal classes will be suspended and students will work exclusively on their extended essays in school. ● Workshop with Ms Marion on MLA referencing The summer vacation will be devoted to producing a first draft of the extended essay Submit first draft to Mr Sinclair ( not your supervisor) by 8.30 am on the first day back to school after the summer vacation. ● This should be a full first draft including contents page, all chapters (including the introduction, body and conclusion), page numbers, complete references, and a full bibliography. ● It does not need to include the abstract at this stage. Extended essay bootcamp ● Students failing to hand in a first draft of the extended essay will be required to attend after school sessions each school day until such time as a draft is produced. Meeting 4 with your supervisor to discuss first draft. ● Your supervisor will have read your first draft and will give you feedback. ● Use this feedback to identify ways in which you can improve your extended essay.

Late April/Early May

Late May/Early June June Dates to be confirmed

July August Wednesday AUG 27 DEADLINE FIRST FULL DRAFT DUE August onwards

Early September

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

14. Revise your extended essay following the guidance of your supervisor. ● Prepare the abstract and title page. (See the ISL Extended Essay Guide for advice). ● Complete the Extended Essay checklist found on the inside back cover of the ISL Extended Essay Guide. ● Make any final changes as required. 15. Submit two hard copies of your final Extended Essay and one electronic copy to the IB Coordinator, not your supervisor.

September/Early October

Wednesday OCTOBER 15 FINAL SUBMISSION DEADLINE 16. Formal Meeting 5 with your supervisor for the formal To be arranged concluding interview – the viva voce, and completion of with supervisor the yellow extended essay cover sheet. and completed by the end of November 2015 Students who fail to submit an extended essay by the final deadline of October 15 will be required to attend after school sessions each school day until the essay is complete. 7

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

Section 2 What is an extended essay? An extended essay is an academic research essay, and all Diploma Programme (DP) students must write one. More specifically, it is an indepth piece of research on a focused topic within a single DP subject. It is designed to acquaint students with the kind of independent research and writing skills expected by universities. The upper limit on the word count is 4000 words and students are expected to spend around 40 hours in total on their extended essay. All work must be done outside of regular class time, so you need to manage your time well and work independently. This does not mean that you work unaided: you will work closely with a supervisor to help guide you through the process (this will be a teacher in the school, but not necessarily one who teaches you at the moment).

Section 3 In which language should you write an extended essay? A Group 1 or Group 2 language extended essay must be written in that language. For example a French A extended essay, or a German B extended essay would be written in French and German respectively. All other subjects in Groups 3 to 6 will need to be written in English in most cases. Theoretically you are entitled to write an extended essay in Groups 3 6 in French or Spanish as well, but you will require a high degree of fluency in one of these languages. 8

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

Section 4 Ethical Guidelines for extended essay research and fieldwork The IBO insists that the following guidelines be respected when conducting research and fieldwork in all extended essays. • Extended essay students must exercise the greatest sensitivity to local and international cultures. • Any research/fieldwork that creates anxiety, stress, pain or discomfort for participants is not permitted. • Any research/fieldwork that involves unjustified deception, involuntary participation or invasion of privacy, including inappropriate use of information technology (IT), email and the internet, is prohibited. • All participants in research activities must be informed before commencing the research that they have the right to withdraw at any time. Pressure must not be placed on any individual participant to continue with the investigation beyond this point. • Each participant must be informed of the aims and objectives of the research and in addition be shown the results of the research. • Informed consent should be obtained from the people who are the subject of the fieldwork. Research involving children needs the written consent of parent(s) or guardian(s). Students must ensure that parents are fully informed about the implications for children who take part in such research. Where research is conducted with children in a school, the written consent of the teachers concerned must also be obtained. • Extended essay students must avoid conducting research with any adult who is not in a fit state of mind and cannot respond freely and independently. • If any participant shows stress and/or pain at any stage of the research, the research must finish immediately, and the participant must be allowed to withdraw. • Participants must be debriefed and given the right to withdraw their own personal data and responses. Anonymity for each participant must be guaranteed.

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

• All data collected must be kept in a confidential and responsible manner and not divulged to any other person. • Research that is conducted online, using IT methods, is subject to the same guidelines. Any data collected online must be deleted once the research has been completed. Such data must not be used for any purpose other than the conduct of the research.

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

Section 5 What is looked for in a good extended essay? Extended essays are graded out of 36 points and a grade of A – E is awarded by the IBO. The approximate grade boundaries are as follows: A: 30 – 36 points B. 25 – 29 points C: 17 – 24 points D: 9 – 16 points E: 0 8 points All extended essays are externally graded (i.e. by an examiner outside of the school) against eleven different criteria and marks are awarded based on the extent to which a student has fulfilled the requirements of each. In brief the criteria and the maximum marks awarded are described below. Much greater detail can be found later in this guide. Every year students throw away valuable marks because they ignore some of the criteria. Do so at your peril! The criteria: a. The quality and clarity of the research question (2 marks) b. The introduction to the extended essay (2 marks) c. How well the investigation is planned and how well appropriate data has been collected (4 marks) d. Knowledge and understanding of the topic (4 marks) e. Reasoned argument in other words how well ideas and evidence are presented in a logical and coherent way (4 marks) f. Use of analytical and evaluation skills (4 marks) g. Use of language appropriate to the subject (4 marks) h. To what extent the conclusion is relevant to the research question and in line with the evidence presented in the essay (2 marks) i. Formal presentation including proper layout, organisation, referencing, appearance etc (4 marks) j. The quality of the abstract including the research question, method of data collection and conclusions drawn (2 marks) k. Holistic judgement , or overall impression (4 marks) Further details on the assessment criteria can be found later on in this guide. 11

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

Section 6 How does the extended essay contribute towards the final IB Diploma score? You can earn up to three bonus points for a combination of the extended essay and your theory of knowledge assignments. You can fail the IB Diploma if your extended essay is awarded a Grade E and you do not achieve at least 28 points overall. If you receive a Grade E for both the extended essay and TOK, you will automatically fail the Diploma, even if you score 42 points. See the matrix below for further details.

A student who, for example, writes a good extended essay and whose performance in theory of knowledge is judged to be satisfactory will be awarded 1 point, while a students who writes a mediocre extended essay and whose performance in theory of knowledge is judged to be excellent will be awarded 2 points. A student who fails to submit an extended essay will be awarded N for the essay, will score no points, and will not be awarded a diploma. Performance in both the extended essay and theory of knowledge of an elementary standard is a failing condition for the award of the diploma. *28 points overall is required to be eligible for the diploma if a student attains an ‘E’ grade in either the extended essay or theory of knowledge. A grade ‘A’ in one of the requirements earns an extra point even if the other is a grade ‘E’. Attaining a grade ‘E’ in both the extended essay and theory of knowledge represents an automatic failure. 12

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

Section 7 Guidance on choosing a research topic & formulating a research question or hypothesis The first step in the extended essay process is to choose topics that are of interest to you. Make sure that they are limited enough in scope to allow you to examine issues in depth. Your choices can come from either your higher or standard level subjects. Broad topics are unlikely to result in successful extended essays. Your chosen topics should allow you to collect or generate information and/or data for analysis and evaluation. Topics which require no personal research or which are essentially descriptive are not suitable for extended essays. The next step for each proposal is to formulate a research question or hypothesis related to your chosen topic. This is the single most important step in the extended essay process because your research question or hypothesis will determine what information you collect or generate for inclusion in your essay. Don’t be too ambitious however; make sure you can answer your research question or accept or reject your hypothesis in 40 hours/4,000 words. Importantly, you should not know the answer to your research question or hypothesis before you begin – discovery is an important part of your essay. If you base your essay on a hypothesis, although you might wish to verify it, it is equally acceptable to prove yourself wrong. Take a look at the examples below for English, Chemistry and Economics. Proposed topic – English A Comments Title of Essay Poor Religion in the works of the Too many works involved, too broad. Brontes Good Charlotte Bronte’s view of Good, focused. religion in Villette and Jane Eyre Research Question In what ways does Charlotte Bronte Good, focused and achievable. reveal her attitude to religion in Villette and Jane Eyre? Proposed topic – Chemistry Comments Title of essay Poor Analysis of red dyes in food using Too broad chromatography Good – The analysis of red dyes in Good, focused and only using one food different varieties of strawberry jelly type. from around the world using paper chromatography Research Question 13

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

How prevalent is the use of the red dye Very specific and achievable. Allura RED AC (E129) in samples of strawberry jelly from 24 different countries (knowing that its use is banned in the UK and Canada, but permitted in the USA)? Proposed topic – Economics Title of essay Poor The phone industry in Luxembourg Good – The existence of an oligopoly with specific reference to Luxembourg’s cellular phone industry Research Question To what extent is the cellular telecom market in Luxembourg an oligopoly?

Comments To broad, lacking specific focus.

Much more focus on one concept and one part of the phone industry.

Specific and manageable.

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

Section 8 Examples of extended essay research questions The table below contains some examples of extended essay research questions in different subject areas. Many more can be found in the official IB extended essay guide later in this booklet. Group 1 What are the role and significance of dance in Pride and Language A Prejudice and Emma? Category 1 How is the subject of death treated in selected poems by Studies of a literary Emily Bronte and Emily Dickinson? work(s) originally written in the language in which the essay is presented Group 1 In what different ways do Shaw, Anouilh and Schiller Language A present Joan of Arc in their respective plays? Category 2 In what ways do the male authors of Anna Karenina and Studies of a literary Madame Bovary seek to render their heroines work(s) originally written sympathetic to the reader? How far do they succeed? in the language of the essays compared with literary work(s) originally written in another language Group 1 An analysis of the development and implications of Language A “Twitter” reactions to the 2010 election campaign in Category 3 Britain. Studies in language How far does the use of rhetoric in Barack Obama’s speeches increase their effectiveness? How were the views taken by different groups in support of Greece during its financial crisis of 2010, constructed in the German popular press? How does the use of startling visual imagery in a public health campaign (on smoking for example) function, and what does it reveal about prevailing cultural ideas of the body and health? Group 2 To what extent has Bill 101 contributed to increasing the Language B prevalence of the French language in Quebec? Category 1 Do young people use more words of foreign origin than Language older people? Group 2 Should feminine forms of more job titles be created in Language B French to reflect shifting gender roles? 15

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

Category 2 Culture and Society

To what extent does the language used by groups of young students in a secondary school in city X reflect racial discrimination? What is the nature of MC Solaar’s rap critique of modern French society? Group 2 What role does the natural world play in Chumon no ooi Language B ryoriten ? Category 3 How does Abel Posse construct an imaginary history in Literature his novel El largo atardecer del caminante ? Group 3 Should Spacey restaurantbar change its marketing Business and strategy by investing in advertising in order to attract Management more customers? How could Novotel KirchbergLuxembourg improve staff performance to increase customer satisfaction? Should Namur use a more market orientated approach? Group 3 Economics How did tax reform in Slovakia affect the country’s growth and development? The effect of forming a producers’ group on gum prices and incomes of women gum collectors in the Banaskantha/Patan region of Gujarat, India. To what extent are the school uniform providers at UWCSEA operating in a contestable market? Group 3 To what extent does location affect the educational Geography attainment of indigenous secondary students in Queensland Australia? How and why are the Portuguese and exYugoslavs geographically distributed in EschsurAlzette? What effect will this have on student distribution in primary schools? Is the Cloche d’Or plateau in the Luxembourg City district of Gasperich an ideal location for the building of the newly planned commercial centre? Group 3 History To what extent was the Rwandan genocide of 1994 the result of the colonial legacy? How have the respective Tibetan and Chinese historical interpretations of the “PriestPatron” versus the “SovereignSubject” relationship during the Ming and Qing dynasties formed the argument over Tibetan independence? 16

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

Group 4 Biology

Group 4 Chemistry

Group 4 Physics

Group 5 Maths

Group 6 Art

To what extent did the Battle of Issus increase Alexander the Great’s power? Is there any correlation between the population density of Pandanus heliacorpus and the population size Macrobrachium rosenbergii ? Are commercially available antibacterial cleaning agents effective in controlling the growth of Escherichia coli on nutrient agar under laboratory conditions? Can onehour long light pulses applied during the night shift the phase of circadium rhythms in the locomotor activity of Siberian hamsters? How does reflux time affect the yield and purity of ethylaminobenzoate (Benzocaine), and how effective is recrystallisation as a purification technique for this compound? When solutions of (+) – glucose and () – fructose are mixed, is there a relationship between the observed rotation of polarised light caused by this mixture and the concentration of the constituent monosaccaride solutions? How does the phenomenon of slippage affect the motion of a cylinder on an inclined plane? Is it possible to determine the presence of a black hole at the centre of the Milky Way? Do wine bottles of different shapes behave as Helmholtz resonators? Does athleticism affect pulse/heart rate? The role of statistics in medical research. On a circular table with two balls, at what point along the circumference must one ball be aimed at in order for it to strike the other one after rebounding off the edge? A game theoretic analysis of a variety of twoperson zerosum poker models. An analysis of the design work and influences in Rennie Mackintosh’s Glasgow School of Art. Has advertising evolved from an image of a product to an image of an ideal consumer?

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

Group 6 Film

Group 6 Music

Group 6 Theatre

To what extent has the design of Federation Square been a success? To what extent do the films Chinatown (1974), Blood Simple (1984) and Pulp Fiction (1994) qualify as film noirs? What has been the influence of Hill Street Blues on subsequent US television crime drama such as NYPD and CSI ? To what extent is the original flavour of traditional rural Mariachi music retained in modern urban Mariachi music? Is Jesus Christ Superstar a modern classical opera? What morals are conveyed to the audience in Turkish Shadow Theatre, Karagoz? What female stereotypes did Brecht employ in his plays, and how can these be compared in performance, based on an analysis of a selection of Brecht’s plays? What made burlesque so popular at the end of the nineteenth century and why did it lose its popularity in the beginning of the twentieth century in the USA?

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

Section 9 Getting started on your extended essay Each student will be allocated an extended essay supervisor. This might be your preferred supervisor, but it might equally be another teacher working at ISL. Because of the large number of students writing extended essays in some subject areas, it stands to reason that not everyone can have the same supervisor for popular subjects like Biology, History, English, Business and Management and Economics. The IBO recommends that no teacher supervises more than three extended essays. You may not get the supervisor of your choice, but we will do our best to match you up with someone who has experience and/or interest in your field. Your supervisor is your guide, providing support and advice. However, your supervisor does not select your topic for you but rather sends you in the right direction. It is the supervisor’s responsibility to help you in the research process to ensure that the extended essay is your own work. You will spend between three and five hours with your supervisor in total. However, please be warned that it is not your supervisor’s responsibility to chase you up. You are expected to take full responsibility for the entire process. Your supervisor is unlikely to be very supportive if you fail to meet your commitments, and in particular, the deadlines set by the school. To get you started on your extended essay follow these important steps: Step 1 – Choose a subject area Choose the two subject areas in which you would like to write your extended essay (e.g. biology, maths, physics, history, art etc). Don’t choose subjects you find difficult or boring – it will not lead to a successful essay. Your proposals should come from your six IB subjects. However, if you have an interest in an area you do not study at present, talk to Mr Sinclair for further advice. Step 2 – Decide on a specific topic and formulate a research question/hypothesis for each proposal Decide upon a topic to research within each of your two chosen subject areas. Importantly, pick ones that interest you. Remember to keep them focused and manageable within 40 hours/4000 words. At this stage you must consult teachers in your chosen subject areas. The teachers you consult may or may not be your final supervisor , but at this stage they will be able to give you valuable advice. If a subject teacher does not believe your topic is viable or suitable you will not be allowed to continue with it and will have to think again. Therefore it is very important to seek the advice of a teacher at the earliest opportunity to avoid wasting time and suffering disappointment later. 19

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

Work with your teachers to refine your topics and develop research questions or hypotheses. Once this has been done, you will need to complete an Extended Essay Proposal Form for each topic and hand both in to Mr Sinclair. The forms will be rejected if they are not completed fully. Step 3 – Supervisor allocation The completed Extended Essay Proposal Forms should be handed in to the IB Coordinator by the date stated in the timeline section at the beginning of this guide at the latest. You will then be allocated a supervisor by the IB Coordinator for one of your proposals. Step 4 – Researching and writing Once you have been allocated a supervisor by the IB Coordinator, you can then begin the serious task of researching and writing your extended essay. See later sections for guidance on the research and writing process. You will be expected to meet various deadlines for different stages of the extended essay process as detailed in the Extended Essay Timeline section of this guide. Step 5 – Draft submission and final submission deadlines You are entitled to hand in one full draft of your extended essay for comment by your supervisor, followed by the final version after revisions/improvements have been made. However, your supervisor may allow you to hand in subsections of your extended essay for comments/suggestions before the full draft and final versions are submitted. th The deadline for the first full draft is Wednesday August 27 2014. The draft must be handed in to Mr Sinclair, not your supervisor. th The final deadline for your finished extended essay is Wednesday October 15 2014. Two copies of the extended essay, plus an electronic copy , must be given to Mr Sinclair, not your supervisor. Important Students who fail to submit an extended essay by the final deadline of October 15 will be required to attend afterschool sessions each school day until the essay is completed. 20

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

Section 10 The ISL Library and the extended essay The Library is your first point of call when you embark on your Extended Essay. Your Librarian Ms Marion van Engelen is available for appointments to discuss your topic choice and help you with your research. The Library has many print and online resources that you can use. If Ms Marion knows of your topic she can look out for new materials that are available from the Library. In some cases, Ms Marion can find materials needed in other Libraries or help with acquiring books needed. The Upper School Library Wiki (http://amazinglibrary.wikispaces.com) The online library offers a wealth of information and help with writing your essay. ● The homepage offers a link to the Library Catalogue, which contains books, links to ebooks, audiovisual materials, etc. Search it by author, title or keyword. In your search results you will see three mini tabs in the right hand corner (see picture).

‘Titles’ shows you the books and audiovisual materials the Library has to offer. ‘Websites’ shows a recommended list of websites on the topic you searched. ‘ OneSearch’ searches a variety of online sources on your topic. It is recommended you consult all three tabs to find relevant materials. ● The Library is subscribed to a wide variety of magazines and newspapers. On theWiki you can find a list of online periodicals that can be searched by topic. There is also a list of useful online databases for your essay. Particularly useful are JSTOR and Questiaschool . Passwords and logins are available from your Librarian. ● The Bibliography Guide is a special page on the Wiki dedicated to everything to do with citation and referencing. ● The IB Diploma page is regularly updated and contains relevant publications about the IB Diploma, including the IB Extended Essay Guide, Citation and Turnitin, our online reference checking tool. Comments about Wikipedia 21

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

In the last few years the creators of Wikipedia have worked hard to make sure that it is as reliable as possible. It is now the largest usergenerated online encyclopedia in the world. Your first attempt at finding information may be Wikipedia. The Library Wiki recommends Wikipedia as one of the sources to start your research, to develop an understanding of your chosen topic, and to collect keywords for further research. However, Wikipedia is not an academic source of information and therefore you should not cite directly from it. Instead, search the references at the bottom of the page and check if they are reliable. If they are, use these sources in your citations. Looking at previous extended essays Take time to look at samples of extended essays written in previous years by ISL students. You can find them in boxes on the red shelves outside the library office. Some of them have the grade awarded on the cover sheet. Although you’ll want to look at the good ones, it is well worth also looking at some of the satisfactory and mediocre ones as well. Also consult the folder in the library – Excellent Extended Essays . It contains examples of extended essays which were all awarded Grade A. Some helpful books The Library has many resources to help students write the extended essay. The series “A short guide to writing about…” (fill in your subject) offers specific help per subject. A short guide to writing about art by Sylvan Barnet (808.06675 BAR) A short guide to writing about biology by Jan A. Pechenik (808.0665 PEC) A short guide to writing about chemistry by Herbert Beall (808.0665 COR) A short guide to writing about film by Timothy Corrigan (808.066 COR) A short guide to writing about history by Richard Marius (808.0669 MAR) A short guide to writing about literature by Sylvan Barnet (808.0666 BAR) A short guide to writing about music by Jonathan Bellman (808.06678 BEL) A short guide to writing about psychology by Dana S. Dunn (808.06615 DUN) A short guide to writing about science by David Porush (808.0666 POR) 22

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

A short guide to writing about social science by Lee Cuba (808.0663 CUB) A short guide to writing about theatre by Marcia L. Ferguson (808.0663 CUB) Three by Alexander Zouev (As an IB student he gained the highest possible number of points, and has written a book with practical tips and hints) And for those doing an extended essay in a science subject... Science students can check for articles related to their research topic on the Plosone.org web site http://www.plosone.org/home.action

Section 11 How to keep a record of your research It is important to keep a record of all the sources you use WHILE you are doing your research. This will not only save you much time later, when creating your Works Cited, but also make sure that you can actually remember the sources you have consulted. It is recommended that you open an account on Easybib.com, and create a project there, so you can add sources in the correct MLA format as you go. If taking notes, direct quotes or paraphrasing from a book or other article, it is a good idea to write all the book/article details at the top of a page for later reference, and then to note down the specific page numbers relating to where the information was obtained. Any source of information that you use that is not your own, needs to be cited. This includes still and moving images, digital files, sound, interviews, etc. Easybib offers 59 options for different source formats. Use this help! If you are using internet sources, it is essential that you note the exact web address, and the date on which you accessed the materials . If you use Easybib, you will be prompted to fill in this information. A word of warning: Microsoft Word offers a referencing option, but experience has taught that older versions of World often use an outofdate version of MLA, resulting in wrongly formatted citations. Word offers a limited number of options for different source formats. It is highly recommended to use an online citation machine and Easybib is recommended by your Librarian. You will also find further details on creating a list of works cited and referencing later in this guide. Record of References 23

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Section 12 How to structure your extended essay Your extended essay should have the following format: a) A title page b) An abstract c) An acknowledgements page (if appropriate) d) A contents page e) The essay itself (introduction, body and conclusion) f) Endnotes (if appropriate) g) A works cited page h) Appendices (if appropriate) Word limit The essay should be no more than 4000 words (upper limit). The abstract, acknowledgements, contents page, footnotes/endnotes, bibliography and any appendices are not included in the word count. 24

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

The following sections give more detail about each part of the extended essay.

A – The title page Every extended essay must have a title page. Make sure your title page exactly follows the format shown in the example below. The International School of Luxembourg May 2015 Extended essay in: History Title: Colonialism and the Rwandan Genocide of 1994 Research question: To what extent was the Rwandan genocide Of 1994 a result of the colonial legacy? Fred BLOGGS (Your name) Session Number: 000801……. (You will have been given this by Mr Sinclair) Supervisor’s name: Ms Jones Word count: 3954 words (Maximum 4000)

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

B – The abstract An abstract not exceeding 300 words must be included with the extended essay. It does not serve as an introduction, but presents an overview of the extended essay, and should, therefore, be written last. An abstract is essentially a summary of your essay, typed on one side of paper, and placed immediately after the title page and before the contents page. The inclusion of an abstract is intended to encourage students to examine closely the development of an argument within the extended essay and the pertinence of any conclusions that are reached. It is also designed to allow readers to understand the contents of your extended essay quickly. A good abstract will use one or more well developed paragraphs, which are unified, coherent, concise, and able to stand alone. It will use an introduction / body / conclusion structure which includes: ● the topic and research question being investigated, ● the scope of the investigation (what you have studied, and how you went about studying it), ● the conclusion(s) of the extended essay. This may also include a section on the limitations of your research methodology and/or the implications of your research. ● The abstract will strictly follow the chronology of your extended essay and no new information will be added. How to write an effective abstract The first step is to reread the extended essay you have written and look specifically for the main parts: the research question, the scope and the conclusion(s) reached. If you have used subheadings throughout the essay, these may help you. After you have finished rereading, write a rough draft from memory. Don’t simply copy out sentences from your essay; you need to summarise information in a fresh way, not just repeat what you have written verbatim. The next step is to rewrite your rough draft, improving the organization, and improving the transition between its different parts. Make sure that what you have written "flows" properly, and that there are "connecting words" (e.g. consequently, moreover, for example, as a result, etc.). Make sure your points are not disjointed but

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

follow on from one another. Be careful to check for grammar, spelling and punctuation mistakes. Below is an example from an Extended Essay in Business and Management Abstract As the topic for my extended essay I chose whether Habitat could create a new commercial product range to compete in the European furniture market . Apart from visits to two stores in the UK and one in Luxembourg I travelled to the head office in London to interview employees of the company and gather information about the company including financial statements and surveys. During my visits to the stores I made notes on what I believed the problems that Habitat had were. These were just visible problems that I saw when I walked into the store and how the products were presented. In my interviews I tried to find out what the employees at different positions in the company felt was wrong with what was going on and what their jobs allowed them to help and improve on. I then used my information from the company to inform myself more on the actual statistical challenges and products developments that Habitat had. With all of this information that I had gathered I started to understand what the problems were. I used different Business and Management theories to enhance my concerns with the company including a Boston Matrix and Positioning Map and the Ansoff Matrix. These theories helped me to understand that the company did not have a clear position in the market but also that their products were underperforming. The answers helped me to realize the actual problems that Habitat has such as an unclear market position, continual capital injection, poor management and poor products. I therefore concluded that all of these problems are a cause of Habitat not paying attention to its customers and being more concerned with improving market share and therefore they lost their customers but now they are starting to make changes to become profitable.

C – The acknowledgements page Some students like to include a page which usually consists on a short paragraph in which the student acknowledges the support and help given by various individuals. This is not compulsory, but is the norm in the field of academic research. It might read something like this: I would like to acknowledge the help and support I have received from the following people throughout the course of this extended essay. In particular I would like to thank Ms Adams, my extended essay supervisor for her guidance throughout this piece of work. In addition I am very grateful to Mr Smith for his support and encouragement. Finally I would also like to thank Mrs Jones for her help in locating suitable resources for my essay. 27

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D – The contents page Below is an example of a typical contents page. Make sure that the page numbers correspond exactly to the pages of the essay. Please note that the abstract comes before the contents page.

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E – The essay itself – introduction, body and conclusion The introduction to the essay The introduction to your extended essay should include: ● An indication as to why your chosen topic is important and worth studying ● An indication of why you chose to research your particular topic ● Some background information which places your extended essay in context. This might include reference to literature already published on the subject and/or reference to a range of theories. ● A clearly stated research question of hypothesis ● A clear statement of the arguments that will be used in the body of the essay The body of the essay The main feature of the body of the extended essay is that it will develop in a logical manner, with all work relating to the research question, and being backed up with reasoned argument and evidence. In most cases the evidence will stem from your own primary research and the work and ideas of others (secondary sources). Your arguments must show indepth analysis. The structure of this part of the essay will very much depend upon the subject in question and your supervisor is best placed to help you with this. However, in almost all cases, clear subheadings which follow a logical sequence are the best way to approach this part of the essay. An essay based on the scientific approach for example, (as used in subjects such as the experimental sciences, economics and geography), will include sections on methodology, data collection and presentation, and the analysis of data. The conclusion A good conclusion to an extended essay has certain key features as described below. ● Your conclusions will be clearly stated. ● Importantly, your conclusions will be directly relevant to your research question or hypothesis. 29

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● Any conclusions you draw will be supported by the evidence you have presented. ● You will indicate any issues, unresolved questions and new questions which have arisen from your research.

F –The list of Works Cited A list of Works Cited is an alphabetical list of the sources used to research and write the extended essay. It is found at the end of your paper and it should only list those sources actually cited in the essay. You are required to format your bibliography using the Modern Language Association of America (MLA) format. There are various tools available to help you create a wellformatted Works Cited page. An Example of a Works Cited Page Acton, Edward. "State and Society under Lenin and Stalin." Themes in Modern European History, 18901945 . Ed. Paul Hayes. London: Routledge, 1992. Print.

Blunt, Donald. "Tragedy Strikes Coastal City." The Manila English Weekly 10 Nov. 2013: 1415. Print.

Clegg, Adam. Telephone interview. 12 July 2013.

Delly, Alice. "Philippines Typhoon: U.S. Aid Efforts Begin Focusing on Recovery." Los Angeles Times . 26 Nov. 2013. Web. 26 Nov. 2013. <http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/lafgwnphilippinestyphoonusaid20131125,0, 4480690.story?track=rss>.

Fowler, F.G. "Adroit." The Pocket Oxford Dictionary of Current English . Oxford: Oxford UP, 1996. Print.

Hamlet . By William Shakespeare. Globe Theatre, London. 15 Feb. 2013. Performance.

Jenkins, Amber. "An Emotional Call for Help." Web log comment. Global Climate Change: NASA's Eyes on Earth . NASA, 19 Nov. 2013. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. <http://climate.nasa.gov/blog/1003>.

Owen, Wilfred. "DULCE ET DECORUM EST." In Flanders Fields and Other Poems from the First World War . Ed. Brian Busby. London: Arcturus, 2012. 45. Print.

Penton, Clark. "The Challenges of Scientific Research." Interview by Daniel Riley. Science Weekly 13 Mar. 2011: 1317. Print.

Plumber, Jean. Corn Field . 2008. Photograph. Agricultural Museum, St. Ives

Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets . New York: Arthur A. Levine Books, 1999. Digital.

"State of the Climate." National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) . National Ocean & Atmospheric Administration, Oct. 2013. Web. 01 Dec. <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/>.

2013.

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Vodafone. Advertisement. New Scientist 21/28 Dec. 2013: 9. Print.

Formatting your works cited page To correctly format your works cited page according to MLA rules, please follow these guidelines: 1. Entries should be in alphabetical order by the first word of the entry. 2. There should be a space between each entry. 3. The second line of your citation (if there is one) should be indented, so that the first entry in alphabetical order can be clearly seen in the list. 4. Capitalize all significant words in the title. Citing illustrations and tables Every illustration you use in your essay, needs to be cited too. Illustrations are called Figures, or Fig. and numbered in the order they appear in your essay. Illustrations include photos, drawings, graphs, anything that is not text. The citation will go directly under the illustration, in your essay. The citation does not count towards your word count. If the illustration is created by the candidate, then the citation will say: Fig. 1. Title of Illustration, created by candidate. Below is an example of an illustration with citation in MLA format.

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Fig. 1 . "The Free Automatic Bibliography and Citation Generator." EasyBib . N.p., 2012. Web. 11 Jan. 2014. <http://www.easybib.com/>.

Tables are cited in a similar way, with a difference: The word Table plus numbering plus the title of the table appears above the table. For example: Table 1. An overview of the world population The citation under the table begins with Source: followed by the MLA citation. Although not strictly necessary to include the illustration and table citations in the Works Cited, at ISL we require students to do so to avoid any risk of accusations of academic malpractice of academic infringement. Using Easybib.com to create a Works Cited page Easybib.com is a free web service that will create citations for you in the MLA 7th Ed. format for inclusion in your ‘Works Cited’ page. It has at least 59 options for different types of information and sources – see Fig. 1. It is recommended to open a free Easybib account for yourself and create a “Project” for your Extended Essay. This is where you keep all your citations. Select the type of source you wish to cite and complete as many details as possible. Easybib offers help when you hover over the different fields. Do NOT make up information, if it is not available. Leave a field empty if there is no information. When you have done this, click on ‘Create Citation’ and a correctly formatted entry will be added to your Easybib Project. It is highly recommended to open an account on Easybib.com in your research phase and creating a project for your Extended Essay. It will save you lots of time creating your Works Cited. Easybib is a machine, not a contentcreator A word of warning about easybib.com is in order at this point. Easybib.com is not a contentcreating machine . It produces a citation based on the information that you put into it. Be very careful to put in enough and correct information for a high quality MLA citation to be made by easybib.com.

G – Appendices An appendix (singular) or appendices (plural) is/are found at the end of the extended essay, after the works cited page. Include anything in this section that you feel is absolutely necessary, but which you were unable to include in the main essay due to the limitations of word count. Make sure you make the reader aware of the items found in the appendix/appendices. Items might include copies of questionnaires, interview transcripts, tables of data, additional calculations etc. A word of caution however the examiner is not obliged to read anything found in the appendix, and it cannot be taken into consideration when awarding marks. Many 32

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examiners in practice will take a look, but they are under instructions not to award points for its content, however valid and interesting it might be. Therefore, do not consider the appendix as a way of getting round the 4 000 word limit.

Section 13 Academic Honesty and the Extended Essay The direct or indirect use of the words or ideas of another person, written, oral, or electronic, must be acknowledged appropriately in the extended essay using a system of references, as must any visual material used – photographs, drawings, graphics, statistics etc. Not to do so is considered plagiarism . Students found guilty of plagiarism will fail their extended essay and the IB Diploma. Avoiding plagiarism You can avoid plagiarism by referencing your sources. Follow the guidelines below. ● When using the words or ideas of someone else to support your work you must acknowledge the source. ● When quoting passages word for word, enclose the passage in quotations marks and acknowledge the source. ● When using the internet, email messages, CDRoms or any other forms of electronic media, acknowledge them, just as you would if you used a book or a magazine or journal article. ● When using maps, photographs, drawings, diagrams, or similar sources that are not your own work, acknowledge the source. ● When referring to works of art such as film, music, theatre or dance, acknowledge them. The way you acknowledge that you have used the ideas and material of others is through the use of references or citations. The following section gives detailed advice on how to reference correctly. For further details on academic honesty, please refer to the IB Academic Honesty Policy on the Upper School library wiki: http://amazinglibrary.wikispaces.com/IB Quotations 33

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Whichever method of referencing you choose to use, there will be times when you will want to quote an author either directly or by paraphrasing the ideas or sentiments expressed in their work. In both cases it is essential to do so in the ways described below. Direct Quotes This is when you use the exact words of the original work. Use direct quotes sparingly as examiners will be looking for your own ideas and arguments. ❖ If a quote is less than thirty words it should be enclosed with quotation marks, within the body of your work. ❖ Use three dots to show that information has been omitted (left out). Be careful not to change the context of the quotation. e.g. “After a meeting with key industrialists…Hitler decided to press on with his plans.” The three dots (…) indicate that something has been left out of the original quote but the quote maintains its correct meaning. ❖ For longer quotations, you must indent the left hand margin of the entire quotation. Quotation marks are unnecessary but leave a line space above and below the quote to set it apart from the text. The interline spacing of the quotation is single. See the example below. (leave one line here) It has been said that Hitler deliberately encouraged confusion and uncertainty as a means of consolidating his own power. By encouraging the number of agencies or individuals operating in a given area and playing one off against the other, Hitler prevented the emergence of serious rivals and established himself in government as the supreme arbiter, the role he already played in the party.² (Leave another line here) Paraphrasing or Indirect Quotations This is when you use your own words to convey someone else’s ideas. ❖ Use paraphrasing to support your own ideas or to discuss the ideas of another author. ❖ Try to use different styles when paraphrasing authors’ ideas, like: ● When Dawkins (91) said that he did not believe in the death penalty, he meant that he does not believe in people killing each other by law. ● Dawkins claims that he does not believe in the death penalty and by this he means humans killing other humans legitimately (91). ● Some authors do not believe in death penalty (Dawkins 91). 34

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❖ Do not use quotation marks when you are paraphrasing. ❖ The source of the ideas or information MUST be acknowledged.

Section 14 A Quick Guide to MLA Intext Citation MLA intext citation (referencing) is a commonly used system that allows the reader of a piece of work to know exactly where a quote, piece of information, idea, theory, graph, image etc. has come from. Using information found within the text you have written, the reader will be able to find the full reference details of the information you are citing at the end of your work in a works cited section. For illustrations the intext citation is found straight underneath the picture. See the chapter on how to cite different sources. The following extract from a history extended essay is an example of how intext citation might look. On June 8th 1944 15,000 men of Das Reich 2nd SS Panzer Division left Montauban in southern France and began marching northwards towards Normandy to repel the Allied invasion of June 6 (Hastings 13). On June 10th approximately 200 members of Das Reich massacred the population of the village of OradoursurGlane near Limoges and burnt it to the ground (Hawes 91). According to Fouché, three things made the massacre unique in French World War II history. First was the scope: nowhere else in France had so many innocent people died this way. Secondly: the entire village was destroyed by fire rather than a few buildings, as was common practice. Thirdly: the executioner’s methods lacked any moral, even human consideration for the victims (7). The ruins of Oradour are now a national memorial and according to Hébras, receive thousands of visitors annually (36). In the above example, you will note that in the first two paragraphs, the author’s name and the page number are found at the end of a sentence in brackets and before the full 35

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stop. In the third and fourth paragraphs, the author’s name appears in the body of a sentence and the page reference appears at the end of the sentence, again in brackets and before the full stop. Both styles are correct and perfectly acceptable. The full MLA citation for these sources would be found at the end of the essay in the Works Cited section as shown in the example below. Works Cited Fouché, JeanJacques. Massacre at Oradour: Coming to Grips with Terror. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2005. Hastings, Max. Das Reich . London: Pan Books, 1983. Hawes, Douglas. OradourThe Final Verdict: The Anatomy and Aftermath of a Massacre . Bloomington: AuthorHouse, 2007. Hébras, Robert. OradoursurGlane: The Tragedy MontreuilBellay: Editions C.M.D., 1994.

hour by hour .

A note about word count: Although intext citations are not included in the word count of your essay, they will be included when you use the word count facility within MS Word. Therefore, to calculate the final word count, you will need to add up the total number of words used in the intext citations and deduct this from the word count generated by MS Word. It it recommended to add underneath the Word Count on the title page: “minus intext citations”.

Citing methods using MLA The MLA system allows you to cite sources in several main ways. Here are some examples: Citing from printed sources (books, journals, magazines, newspapers etc.) If you are referencing an author or authors from a printed source where the author(s) and page numbers are known, you have three main possibilities: 1) At the end of the sentence containing the work you wish to cite, you add the author(s) and page number(s) in brackets before the full stop e.g. (Jones 56). 2) Alternatively, you can also use the author’s name within the sentence you are writing followed by just the page number in brackets at the end of the sentence before the full stop e.g. Jones is of the opinion that the “floods were the worst in living memory” (56). 3) It is also possible to cite the author midsentence as follows: In her book Floods of the Century, Jones (56) claims that the “floods were the worst in living memory.” Citing from website sources 36

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If you are referencing a source that doesn’t have page numbers, such as text from a website, there are many possibilities. The simple guide below to website citation is a starting point only. Please seek further advice if you are unsure. 1) If the website has an author(s), just quote the name of the author(s) in brackets (Smith) part way through or at the end of your sentence. 2) If the website has no author, use the organisation’s name for the webpage and its date of publication, again in brackets e.g. ( The Flood Prevention Organisation 2013 ). 3) If you want to use information from several pages of the same website, state the name of the organisation and the title of the page in the citation, all in brackets e.g. ( The Flood prevention Organisation 2013 , “Flood of the Century”). Note that the organisation is shown in italics and the title of the specific page is shown in quotation marks. 4) If using the name of the website within a sentence, then give the title of the specific webpage as your citation in brackets at the end of the sentence. E.g. According to the Flood Prevention Organisation 2013 , the December floods were the worst in living memory (“Flood of the Century”). Note in the above examples, the name of the organisation is given in italics and the individual page in (“quotation marks”). Also note that full details of the website will be given in the works cited section of your work, but never within your own text. Citing images from a website (graphs, photographs, cartoons etc.) If you are referencing an image from a website, for example a map, graph, photo or table of data, you must give full details of the website directly below the image. Although not strictly necessary to include this citation in the works cited section, at ISL we require students to do so to avoid any risk of accusations of academic malpractice of academic infringement. An important note about the use of figures and tables Please note that all images cited intext (graphs, photographs, maps etc.), are prefaced by Fig. 1 , Fig. 2 etc. However, all data tables cited intext are prefaced by: Table 1 , Table 2 etc.

Section 15 Examples of MLA intext citation and bibliographic details for a variety of source types 37

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In the following examples, (each created using easybib.com), an example is given of how the particular source might be cited within your own writing (intext citation). Each intext example is followed by the full bibliographic details, as they would appear in your works cited page. You don’t need to have a comprehensive knowledge of MLA formatting to produce a high quality works cited page. If you use easybib.com and provide as much information as possible, it will create a professional looking works cited page for you. Advertisement in a magazine Intext: The Vodafone advertisement published in the New Scientist featured… Works Cited Page: Vodafone. Advertisement. New Scientist 21/28 Dec. 2013: 9. Print. Blog Intext: In her blog “Global Climate Change” Jenkins claims that… Works Cited Page: Jenkins, Amber. "An Emotional Call for Help." Web log comment. Global Climate Change: NASA's Eyes on Earth . NASA, 19 Nov. 2013. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. <http://climate.nasa.gov/blog/1003>. Book with one author Intext: (Lee 103) Works Cited Page: Lee, Stephen J. Aspects of European History, 17891980 . London: Routledge, 1982. Print. Books with two or three authors Intext: (Reid and Croucher 169) Works Cited Page: Reid, H, and Michael Croucher. The Way of the Warrior: The Paradox of the Martial Arts . Woodstock, NY: Overlook, 1991. Print. Brochure Intext: (BMW 12) Works Cited Page: BMW. “ Tour R1200RT .” Munich: BMW, 2013. Print. Chapter in an edited book (a book containing chapters from different authors) Intext: (Acton 152) Works Cited Page: 38

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Acton, Edward. "State and Society under Lenin and Stalin." Themes in Modern European History, 18901945 . Ed. Paul Hayes. London: Routledge, 1992. Print. Cartoon Intext: Insert cartoon and add full citation details directly below (and in the works cited section)

‘What, no chair for me?’ David Low. 1938 Fig. 1. Low, David. "What, No Chair for Me?" Cartoon. History 20th Century World Causes, Practices and Effects of Wars . Harlow: Pearson, 2010. 123. Print. Cartoon originally printed in 1938 Works Cited Page: Low, David. "What, No Chair for Me?" Cartoon. History 20th Century World Causes, Practices and Effects of Wars . Harlow: Pearson, 2010. 123. Print. Cartoon originally printed in 1938 Dictionary entry Intext: Give definition followed by dictionary editor’s name and page number, e.g. ‘Adroit’ can be defined as… (Fowler 12) Works Cited Page: Fowler, F.G. "Adroit." The Pocket Oxford Dictionary of Current English . Oxford: Oxford UP, 1996. Print. (Editor. “Word being defined.” Dictionary title. City: Publisher, Year published. Media type) Ebook (e.g. on Kindle) Intext: Rowling uses this technique to good effect at the start of the novel (2). Works Cited Page:

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Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets . New York: Arthur A. Levine Books, 1999. Kindle file. Email Intext: John Clegg, the company owner, stated in correspondence with the author that… Works Cited Page: "Company Information Request." Message to John Clegg. 20 Sept. 2013. Email. (“Email title.” Person you received the email from. Date published. Media) Encyclopaedia entry Intext: (Dunway 60) Works Cited Page: Dunway, Alan. "Gravitation Force." The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Vol. 1. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1998. 5660. Print. Film Intext: In the film “Alien,” director Ridley Scott creates suspense by… Works Cited Page: Alien . Dir. Ridley Scott. Perf. Sigouney Weaver, John Hurt, and Ian Holm. 1979. Film. Graph/Chart/Table Figure (print copy) Intext: Insert the graph, chart, image or figure and add full citation details directly below (and in the works cited section)

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Fig. 1. Ochoa, George, Jennifer Hoffman, and Tina Tin. Climate: The Force That Shapes Our World and the Future of Life on Earth . London: Rodale, 2005. Print. Works Cited Page: Ochoa, George, Jennifer Hoffman, and Tina Tin. Climate: The Force That Shapes Our World and the Future of Life on Earth . London: Rodale, 2005. Print. Graph/Chart/Image/Figure (online) Intext: Insert the graph, chart, image or figure and add full citation details directly below (and in the works cited section)

Fig. 1. "State of the Climate." National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) . National Ocean & Atmospheric Administration, Oct. 2013. Web. 01 Dec. 2013. <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/>. Works Cited Page: "State of the Climate." National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) . National Ocean & Atmospheric Administration, Oct. 2013. Web. 01 Dec. 2013. <http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/>. Interview conducted by you Intext: 41

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During an interview with Adam Clegg, he stated that… Works Cited Page: Clegg, Adam. Telephone interview. 12 July 2013. Interview conducted by someone else and found in print Intext: (Penton 16) Works Cited Page: Penton, Clark. "The Challenges of Scientific Research." Interview by Daniel Riley. Science Weekly 13 Mar. 2011: 1317. Print. Journal article (in print) Intext: (Andrews 403) Works Cited Page: Andrews, David G. "Learning to Fly." Aviation Dynamics 12.3 (2013): 40320. Print. Journal article (electronic copy) Intext: (Kepe, Wynberg & Ellis 14) Works Cited Page: Kepe, Thembela, Rachel Wynberg, and William Ellis. "Land Reform and Biodiversity Conservation in South Africa: Complementary or in Conflict?" International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystems Services & Management 1.1 (2005): 316. Taylor Francis Online . Taylor Francis Group, 23 Apr. 2010. Web. 1 Dec. 2013. <http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17451590509618075>. Letter Intext: In correspondence with Adams, he stated that… Works Cited Page: Adams, John. Letter to the author. 12 Dec. 2009. Magazine article Intext: (Mair 149) Works Cited Page: Mair, Eddie. "Who Killed JFK?" Radio Times 23 Nov. 2013: 14950. Print. (Last, First. “Article title.” Magazine title Date Month Year published: Page(s). Medium. Musical performance (live) Intext: The orchestra performed Symphony No. 9 as part of a… Works Cited Page: Symphony No. 9 . By Gustav Mahler. Royal Festival Hall, London. 25 Mar. 2014. Performance. 42

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Musical score Intext: In Puccini’s Tosca… Works Cited Page: Puccini, G. Tosca . 1900. Milan: Ricardi, 1980. Print. Score. Newspaper article with author Intext: (Blunt 14) Works Cited Page: Blunt, Donald. "Tragedy Strikes Coastal City." The Manila English Weekly 10 Nov. 2013: 1415. Print. Last, First. “Article title.” Newspaper title Date Month Year Published: Page(s). Medium. Newspaper article with no author Intext: (“Tragedy Strikes Coastal City” 14) Works Cited Page: "Tragedy Strikes Coastal City." The Manila English Weekly 10 Nov. 2013: 1415. Print. “Article title.” Newspaper title Date Month Year Published: Page(s). Medium. Newspaper Article (online) Intext: Delly reports that… Works Cited Page: Delly, Alice. "Philippines Typhoon: U.S. Aid Efforts Begin Focusing on Recovery." Los Angeles Times . 26 Nov. 2013. Web. 26 Nov. 2013. <http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/lafgwnphilippinestyphoonusaid 20131125,0,4480690.story?track=rss>. Online video Intext: In the documentary Africa’s Great Rift Valley , the point is made that… Works Cited Page: Africa's Great Rift Valley . Prod. Phil Chapman. Youtube, 20 Oct. 2012. Web. 1 Dec. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2ehk6dwtRU>. Painting or other artwork Intext: Pavey’s The Windmill shows all the qualities… Works Cited Page: Pavey, Ziggy. The Windmill . 2007. Oil on Canvas. The Gallery Art Museum, London. Personal Photograph Intext: The photograph Butterfly on a Flower features a stunning butterfly… Works Cited Page: Butterfly on a Flower, Vercors, France. Personal photograph by author. 2013. 43

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Photograph from another creator Intext: Plumber’s Corn Field clearly shows… Works Cited Page: Plumber, Jean. Corn Field . 2008. Photograph. Agricultural Museum, St. Ives Play performance Intext: In the performance of Hamlet the actors were portrayed… Works Cited Page: Hamlet . By William Shakespeare. Globe Theatre, London. 15 Feb. 2013. Performance. Play (published) Intext: If citing a prose play, give the page number(s) for the quotation. If citing from a verse play, give the act, scene and line(s) quoted and separated by a full stop. (2.3.420454) Works Cited Page: Shakespeare, William. Hamlet . London: Methuen, 1982. Print. Poem (in an anthology) Intext: (Owens 45) Works Cited Page: Owen, Wilfred. "DULCE ET DECORUM EST." In Flanders Fields and Other Poems from the First World War . Ed. Brian Busby. London: Arcturus, 2012. 45. Print. Podcast Intext: In the BBC podcast From Dunkirk to DDay, Works Cited Page: "From Dunkirk to DDay." Interview. Audio blog post. Radio 4 Collections . Ed. Charles Wheeler. BBC, 5 June 2004. Web. 1 Dec. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009xzsv>. Raw data Intext: Reifen’s data on the Origin of First Generation Migrants in Luxembourg shows that… Works Cited Page: Reifen, Gail. The Origin of First Generation Migrants in Luxembourg. 15 June 2010. Raw data. University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Test message Intext: In a text message from the author, Smith stated that… Works Cited Page: 44

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Smith, John. Message from the author. 12 November 2013. Text Message. TV Programme Intext: The edition of Panorama “Undercover – the Truth about Amazon revealed… Works Cited Page: "Undercover the Truth about Amazon." Panorama . BBC. 25 Nov. 2013. Television. Website with author Intext: Hargreaves believes that… Works Cited Page: Hargreaves, Andy. Andy Hargreaves. N.P, n.d. Web. 01 Dec. 2013. <http://www.andyhargreaves.com/>. Website with no author Intext: On the official website of the Centre de la Mémoire: OradoursurGlane, it is claimed that… Works Cited Page: "Oradour Village Martyr." Centre De La Mémoire: OradoursurGlane Village Martyr . Centre De La Mémoire d’Oradour, 2011. Web. 1 Dec. 2012. <http://www.oradour.org/fr/content/lieudememoire>. Where can I get more help with citing sources? The Upper School Library Wiki ( http://amazinglibrary.wikispaces.com ) is regularly updated and contains links to: * the MLA Handbook online, with fulltext access: http://www.mlahandbook.org/fragment/public_index Login: mvanengelen@islux.lu Password: islresearch * Purdue OWL offers online help for sources ‘out of the ordinary’. https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/ * Easybib.com, for easy creation of citations and references in MLA style. http://content.easybib.com/citationguides/mlaformat/ * Come and see your Librarian for help with any questions and queries regarding citation and referencing. 45

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

Section 16 Formatting your work using MLA The MLA system requires students to format (set their pages up) in the following ways: a) Use a word processor and print your work on A4 paper b) Double space each line of text in your work c) Use an easily legible font like Ariel or Times New Roman d) The font size should be 12pt e) The margins should be set at approximately 2.5 cm on all sides f) Leave only one space after a full stop (period), comma or quotation mark etc. g) Indent the first line of each paragraph by approximately 1 – 1.5 cm h) Include a page number for each page i) For IB work, include your IB Candidate Session Number as a header on each page unless instructed not to do so. 47

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

Section 17 Footnote referencing – an alternative to intext citation MLA with footnotes – intext citation via footnotes An alternative option to intext citation is to create a footnote at the bottom of the page on which the reference occurs. To add a footnote reference using Microsoft Word , simply click on the reference tab at the top of the screen. A number (1) will appear at the end of the sentence you wish to reference the first time you insert a reference. The same number will appear at the bottom of your page. Here you will then add the reference details The formatting of the footnote in this option is different from the MLA citation on your work cited page. You only include one full stop at the end of the footnote citation. And in addition, the publishing place, publisher and year are in brackets. See example below in the footnotes. EXAMPLE On June 8th 1944 15,000 men of Das Reich 2nd SS Panzer Division left Montauban in southern France and began marching northwards towards Normandy to repel the 1 Allied invasion of June 6th . On June 10th approximately 200 members of Das Reich massacred the population of the village of Oradour-sur-Glane near Limoges and 2 burnt it to the ground. Survivors of the massacre and historians today continue to 3 ask why it happened, and why specifically Oradour-sur-Glane was chosen? According to Fouché three things made the massacre unique in French World War II history. First was the scope: nowhere else in France had so many innocent people died this way. Secondly: the entire village was destroyed by fire rather than a few buildings, as was common practice. Thirdly: the executioner’s methods “lacked any 4 moral, even human consideration for the victims.” The ruins of Oradour are now a 5 national memorial and receive thousands of visitors annually. The footnotes for the above text would be found at the bottom of the page as shown below. Max Hastings, Das Reich (London: Pan Books, 1983) 13. 2 Douglas Hawes, OradourThe Final Verdict: The Anatomy and Aftermath of a Massacre (Bloomington: AuthorHouse, 2007) 91. 3 J.F. Weber, Oradour and beyond: survivors’ tales (Wiesbaden: Deutsche Verlag, 1998) 77. 4 JeanJacques Fouché, Massacre at Oradour: Coming to Grips with Terror (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2005) 7. 5 Robert Hébras, OradoursurGlane: The Tragedy hour by hour (MontreuilBellay: Editions C.M.D., 1994) 36. 1 2

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

Section 18 The Extended Essay Checklist Use this list prior to handing in the final version of your extended essay. Check each box after you are sure that you have met the requirement(s). Your supervisor may also use this form to give you feedback on your first draft. Point Action Check 1. Is the essay within 4,000 words? 2. Is there a contents page? 3. Are all pages numbered? 4. Are all diagrams, charts and graphs indexed and labelled and sources referenced where applicable? 5. Are all necessary terms defined and/or explained? 6. Is every reference cited in a footnote/endnote using the MLA system? 7. Are your references cited consistently and correctly? 8. Have you included a correctly formatted bibliography using the MLA system? 9. Does the bibliography include all and only the works of reference you have consulted? 10. Does the appendix (if applicable) only contain relevant information? 11. Are all the references in the appendix clearly cross referenced and labelled? 12. Is your title page correctly formatted as shown in this guide? 13. Is your research question stated on the title page? 14. Is your research question stated and in bold in the introduction? 15. Is your research question restated and in bold in the conclusion? 16. Does your conclusion address unresolved issues/questions? 17. Does your conclusion address new questions that have emerged? 18. Are your introduction and conclusion titled? 19. Is your abstract within 300 words? 49

th The ISL Guide to the IB Extended Essay 7 Edition – Class of 2016

20. Does your abstract contain the research question in bold, the scope of the investigation and the conclusion reached?