Tidal Cycle Architecture Journal

JOURNAL

Name: Yuan Xu Group: TU4_Group 6 Studio led by: Setareh Ghasmi Motlagh & Tory Mason Unit Convener: Mehrnoush Latifi

ABOUT ME Summary

Explore retirement project

My design thinking is deeply inspired by traditional Chinese courtyard architecture, where space, light, and nature interact to shape a sense of harmony and belonging. I believe architecture should respond to its surrounding environment—culturally, emotionally, and physically. One of the architects I admire most is Luis Barragán, whose work balances structure with serenity, and color with calmness.

This project explores intergenerational connection and active aging through architecture.

Designed for retirees aged 55 and above, it offers a supportive community that encourages social interaction, personal

Render

WikiHouse Project

A Practical Response to the Housing Crisis through the WikiHouse System

-Render collaboratively by team

growth, and well-being.

The design focuses on accessibility, mental health, and lifestyle enrichment, with shared spaces and essential facilities that promote a warm, inclusive living environment.

This Wikihouse project developed in collaboration with Traven Lam, addresses Australia’s ongoing housing crisis, where limited space in the CBD and increasing population density in surrounding suburbs make it difficult for workers and newcomers—such as international students—to find housing near the city.

Hero image

isixwork@gmail.com Skills

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ARC20001-Architectural Design Studio 2 (Socio-economic Contexts) ARC20001-Architectural Design Studio 2 (Socio-economic Contexts) Assignment 2: House and Senior Housing - Individual

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It extends to the pool side to provide shade for the bar and lounge area

Section A

Elevations

Top level Roof swimming pool + shower toilet + Glass roof for Tea/Entertainment Room

CUT C0MPONENT

- Drawingr by Traven Lam

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We chose Carlton for its proximity to the CBD and strong public transport links. As a response, the WikiHouse system offers a fast, affordable, and sustainable solution. Made from CNCcut plywood modules, it allows quick assembly without heavy machinery, reducing labor costs, construction time, and carbon emissions. Its adaptable, low-waste structure makes it ideal FACADE MODEL - Model making by Yu for rental housing in high-demand urban areas.

Third level

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Private Floor for residents - Single/Double room + Tea/Entertainment Room with sun roof

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Section A

Second level

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Private Floor for residents - Single/Double room + Library + GYM

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Experience

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Ground level

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Public space - Indoor- Space for exchange of knowledge + + gallery + canteen + market + Clinic + infrastructure

E-commerce Entrepreneur 2011-2019

1. MARKET 2. MAILROOM 3. STAFF ROOM 4. STORAGE 5. CLINIC 6. LOBBY 7. MALE TOILET 8. FEMALE TOILET 9. CLASSROOM 1 10. CLASSROOM 2 11. DANCING STUDIO 12. ART STUDIO 13. GALLERY 14. CANTEEN 15. KITCHEN ARC20001-Architectural Design Studio 2 (Socio-economic Contexts)

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Outdoor - accessible plaza with added road around, access to the rear parking lot + landscaped pond with sunken seating

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ARC20001-Architectural Design Studio 2 (Socio-economic Contexts)

Assignment 2: House and Senior Housing - Individual

Product Packaging and Marketing 2023-2025

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MASSING AND SPATIAL PLANNING

Circulation Pathway FIRST FLOOR

GROUND FLOOR

ROOM

Education

MAIN AREA DIVISIONN

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The building has entrances at both front and back, allowing residents to enter through the main entrance or bicycle parking. People will meet in the entertainment area. People also can through the small road to the back garden, Come up, there has two entrances, one leading to the public kitchen and the other near the stairs.

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BATHROOM

People reach the private areas on the second and third floors via the stairs, with access to individual rooms through a corridor.

STAIR

LIV PARKING

Diploma of Design student 2020 Architecture Student

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Assignment 2: House and Senior Housing - Individual

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Part A_Grasshopper explore

Roof

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Revit (Beginner) | Rhino (Excellent) |Grasshopper (Competent) Enscape (Competent) | InDesign (Excellent)t) | Photoshop (Competent) | Acrobat DC (Excellent) | ACC (Competent) |Model making (Excellent)

Isometric drawing

Assignment 2: House and Senior Housing - Individual

Architectural Design Studio 3 (Construction)

Single room

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While I’ve always enjoyed creating practical, smallscale buildings, I’m currently focused on expanding my approach through digital iteration techniques.

Willing to explore new techniques and styles.

Single room

Single room

ARC20001-Architectural Design Studio 2 (Socio-economic Contexts)

Ground floor plan

Figure 2 - Wikihouse project street view_Created by Traven Lam & Yuan Xu

Room type 2

LAUNDRY

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Entertainment area/Kitchen

LEGEND PUBLIC AREA

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PRIVATE AREA

Garden

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- Drawingr by Yuan Xu

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IN LIV G AR EA IN SH G AR EA AR IN GA RE

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Architecture Student | Design Enthusiast | Technically Skilled

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E SH XTE AR RIO IN R G AR

Yuan Xu

Figure 1 - Wikihouse project street view_Created by Traven Lam & Yuan Xu

What excites me most about studying architecture is the opportunity to understand how different people experience space. I’m passionate about designing environments that feel comfortable, intuitive, and welcoming—whether they’re homes, workplaces, or public spaces.

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1. BICYCLE ENTRANCE 2. MAIN ENTRANCE 3. KITCHEN ENTRANCE

RESIDENTS USE PUBLIC TRASPORTATION/CAR

4. STAIR ENTRANCE

RESIDENTS COMMUTING

BY BICYCLE

5. BACK ENTRANCE

Architectural Design Studio 3 (Construction)

Part A_Grasshopper explore

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Figure 3 - Wikihouse project elevation drawings Created by Traven Lam as part of group for wikihouse project

Architectural Design Studio 3 (Construction)

Part A_Grasshopper explore

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Wall cladding model

CONTENTS ABOUT ME INTRODUCTION: Project frame PART A - From finding and conceptual framework A1 - From Concept to Creation A2 - Catalogue of Forms and Iterations A3 - Digital iterations and Analysis A4 - Ideation and Speculative design from Micro to Macro A5 - Preliminary Concept Design_Waterfront intervention A6 - Reflection A7 - Appendicess PART B - Waterfront Placemaking - Pre-design, Design Research & Schematic Design B1 - Multiscalar Precedent and Diagramming B2 - What is your Waterfront Hybrid B3 - Architectural Site Force Mapping: Exploring Context Program, and User Needs B4 - Schematic Design and Waterfront Design Vision and Return Brief B5 - Design Process and Mass Study PART C -Waterfront Placemaking - Design Development PART D -Waterfront Placemaking - Detailing & Tectonics

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APPENDICES REFERENCES

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INTRODUCTION Project framework

Introduction: Form-finding Form-finding in Architecture

PART A From Form finding and Conceptual framework

Form-finding is a design methodology in architecture that utilizes logical processes to ascertain structural forms, with the objective of achieving adaptiveness, sustainability, and dynamic stability. This method, which is influenced by natural forms, combines aesthetics, functionality, and structural stability to identify the most suitable architectural shapes.

Form-Finding Experiment Conducting six droplet experiments, to demonstrate how natural forces influence structural form by observing the spread and interaction of water droplets on a paper towel. This simple yet effective experiment provides a tangible way to understand the principles of form-finding, where material properties and external forces dictate an optimal, organic structure.

Material

• A sheet of kitchen paper towel • A small spoon • Water

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Explore 1.

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First Drop: Place a single drop of water onto the paper towel and obser ve how it spreads. This represents the initial structural form e m e rg i n g f ro m m a t e r i a l properties.

Second Drop: It is still a drop of water, but it's moving faster Third Drop: Several drops.

Notice how the drops m e rg e , i l l u s t ra t i n g ho w small structural elements can combine to form larger, stable systems.

Forth Drop: Introduce two more drops at different points on the paper. Observe how each drop expands and how the fiber network of the paper directs the spread,

Figure 1 - Six droplet form-finding experiment

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similar to how structural load paths guide force distribution in architecture.

Fivth Drop: Place multiple water drops on a paper towel in a grid pattern and observe how the drops spread towards each other, mimicking how geometric design influences force distribution in structures.

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Six Drop: Drop water onto a sheet of kitchen paper tilted at different angles and observe how the water travels, demonstrating how gravity influences material behavior and flow patterns.

Form finding technical: Sand & Grivity Figure 2 - Sand & Gravity model

Form finding technical: Sand & Grivity Sand & Gravity technical studies how sand forms structures under gravity. By changing conditions like templates, water, and vibration, it shows how sand balances forces to create shapes.

The results help design lightweight, strong buildings inspired by nature. This method uses sand’s natural behavior to find new ways to build.

Input Salt: Loosely and evenly distributed.

Perforated Template: Can be evenly distributed, gradually varied, or randomly arranged.

Acrylic Box: Transparent material for easy observation

Output

Progress

Set up Perforated template in the box

Pour salt over the Perforated template at an even rate

The shape is obtained when the salt stops flowing

Form-finding

Template 1

Template 2

Figure 4 - Acrylic box

Template 3

Figure 3 - Draft model 8

A1 - From Concept to Creation

Figure 5 - Perforated Templates

Figure 6 - Sand & Grivity iteration A1 - From Concept to Creation

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Form finding technical: Sugar Morphologies Figure 7 - Sugar Morphologies model

Form finding technical: Sugar Morphologies The project forms three dimensional, branch like structures by stretching a viscous material between two surfaces.

This type of structure offers multi-directional support in architecture and can be applied to brick or wall systems.

By altering surface conditions and stretching methods, a variety of structural forms can be achieved.

Input

Progress

Sugar: Stretchable material Stick: center shaft support Pillar: Support machine Part A: Boards of different sizes are used to help the bio-plastic form Part B: Help rotation Angle

Different kinds of sugar are mixed in a proportioned block and heated to make a syrup

Force Tension Twisting Gravity

Pull the syrup to increase the tensile force and apply it to the assembled parts A & B

Remove the components when they are almost dry and twist the components

Lateral stretching syrup

Use Part B to increase the Angle

Variable Component Part A size Syrup weight Rotation angle Tension

Output Lateral stretching

Torsion Angle

Figure 8 - Template part A 60°

90°

120°

Figure 10 - Base structure

0°

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Figure 9 - Template Part B - The bottom of the slide is designed by Angle 10

A1 - From Concept to Creation

Figure 11 -All components

Figure 12 - Sugar morphologies iteration A1 - From Concept to Creation

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Hybrid machine

Hybrid machine Perforated template

Technical used

Parameters

Sand & Grivity + Chladni Plate Forces

The amount of salt The flow rate The amplitude of sound vibration The time of sound vibration

Insert plate - To hold the orifice plate

Sand & Grivity : Grivity

Arylic box - Salt bearing

Chladni Plate: Sound vibration

Force changes Pour Salt from top

The pattern is changed by the sound vibrations.

Process

Pattern (A) - Formed with holes above the plate

Center shaft screw Aluminium plate - Salt bearing Pattern (B) - A pattern formed by the accumulation of salt under gravity

Connect base - Connect the center shaft and the speaker to maintain stability Threaded rod speaker Sound source

The pattern is modified to the Liang's Chladni Plate result

Connect the Perforated plate, box and speaker base

Base plate 1 & 2 - Stabilized loudspeaker Coner scrw - Keep the base level and stable Figure 13 - Explored hybird machine Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Form finding project 12

A2 - Catalogue of Forms and Iterations

Base plate 3 - Stabilized loudspeaker

Pattern (C) - A new pattern changed by sound and vibration

Setting up the device, Pour salt evenly from above to cover the entire perforated plate. This will create the first pattern (A) on the plate.

The remaining sand falls to the bottom of the box, forming a second pattern (B).

Then, activate the Chladni Plate and play an audio frequency — the vibrations transmitted through the aluminum plate will reshape pattern B, generating a completely new pattern (C).

Prep: Connect laptop, controller, and speakers Speaker base

Whole Hybird model side view

Figure 14 - How Hybird machine works Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Form finding project A2 - Catalogue of Forms and Iterations

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Matrix of Iterations

Pattern (A)

Matrix of Iterations

Side version

Pattern (B)

Pattern (C)

Form-finding

Pattern (A)

Template 1

Template 3

Template 2

Template 4

Figure 15 - Hybird machine iterations and form finding result 14

A2 - Catalogue of Forms and Iterations

Side version

Pattern (B)

Pattern (C)

Form-finding

Figure 16 - Hybird machine iterations and form finding result A2 - Catalogue of Forms and Iterations

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Digital iterations and Analysis Force: Grivity Point 3

Point 4

Point 5

Point 6

Point 7

Point 8

Point 9

Point 10

Point 3

Point 4

Point 5

Point 6

Point 7

Point 8

Point 9

Point 10

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Top view

Perspective view

This iterative study explores how gravity reshapes geometry by simulating the downward flow of material, like sand, through expanding openings. Using Kangaroo in Grasshopper, we gradually increased hole sizes from 0.1 to 0.8, causing the form to stretch, deform, and create sculptural, leg-like extensions.

From the top view, we see a clear transition from tight, angular patterns to fluid, cellular structures. The perspective view reveals how gravity pulls the surfaces downward, forming organic columns that respond dynamically to the changing constraints. This process captures a balance between controlled geometry and natural behavior under force.

Hole size

Figure 17 - Grivity digital iterations 16

A3 - Digital iterations and Analysis

A3 - Digital iterations and Analysis

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Digital iterations and Analysis

Digital iterations and Analysis

Force: Sound vibration

Force: Sound vibration

Pattern 1 Low Pattern 3 Iterations Pattern 3 Iterations Pattern 3 Iterations Pattern 3 Pattern Iterations 3 Iterations Pattern 3 Iterations Pattern 3 Iterations

This form-finding experiment uses the results generated from the Group Hybrid Machine and applies the Kangaroo plugin in Grasshopper to simulate shape transformation driven by sound vibrations. By connecting 18

A3 - Digital iterations and Analysis

Midium

High

audio input to the system, the surface pattern responds dynamically to sound intensity. Three levels of sound — low, medium, and high — were tested, each producing increasingly complex deformations of the initial

Pattern 2 Low Pattern 4 Iterations Pattern 4 Iterations Pattern 4 Iterations Pattern 4 Pattern Iterations 4 Iterations Pattern 4 Iterations Pattern 4 Iterations

geometry. This iterative matrix visually demonstrates how varying sound frequencies can influence and sculpt architectural forms.

Midium

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Figure 18 & 19 - Sound interatiion Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Form finding project A3 - Digital iterations and Analysis

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Digital iterations and Analysis

Digital iterations and Analysis

Force: Sound vibration

Force: Sound vibration

Pattern 3 Low Pattern 1 Iterations Pattern 1 Iterations Pattern 1 Iterations Pattern 1 Pattern Iterations 1 Iterations Pattern 1 Iterations Pattern 1 Iterations

Figure 20- Sound iteration Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Form finding project 20

A3 - Digital iterations and Analysis

Midium

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Pattern 4 Low Pattern 2 Iterations Pattern 2 Iterations Pattern 2 Iterations Pattern 3 Pattern Iterations 2 Iterations Pattern 2 Iterations Pattern 2 Iterations

Midium

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Figure 21 - Sound interatiion Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Form finding project A3 - Digital iterations and Analysis

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Ideation and Speculative design from Micro to Macro Idea 1: Form-finding result from Sugar morphologies

Ideation and Speculative design from Micro to Macro Idea 2: Digital iteration - Force: Grivity form-finding result

Micro: Furniture usetable and chair Meso: Building pillars

Macro: Rooftop installation

Micro: Roof / Wall cladding Figure 22 - Micro to Macro ideation 1 22

A5 - Preliminary Concept Design_Waterfront intervention

Meso: Playground

Macro: Building Figure 23 - Micro to Macro ideation 2 A5 - Preliminary Concept Design_Waterfront intervention

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Prelininary Concept Design_Waterfront intervention Micro: Roof/Wall cladding Skylights, green roofs, and open Windows allow rainwater to flow into the sky garden

Wind Sun View

Meso: Playground Pond water feature

Reflection

Macro: Whole buiding

River view

Playground

The raised ground floor design prevents people in the plaza from blocking the line of sight

Form chose

Figure 24 - Waterfront intervention 24

A5 - Preliminary Concept Design_Waterfront intervention

Through this form-finding process, I developed a deeper understanding of how forces—such as gravity and sound vibrations—can be used not just as simulation tools, but as generative drivers for design. Initially, I was focused on controlling outcomes, aiming for predictable and symmetrical forms. However, as I experimented with parameters and observed unexpected deformations, I realized the value of letting the material and forces "speak." Some iterations that I once considered failed turned out to reveal new spatial possibilities I hadn't anticipated. This shifted my mindset from "designing a shape" to "discovering a form." The iterative workflow also taught me the importance of documentation, allowing me to track changes and identify meaningful patterns in the transformation of geometry. Overall, this experience expanded my appreciation of computational design as a collaborative process between designer, tool, and natural force.

organic quality that traditional design might miss.

In the sound experiment, watching the surface react differently to low, medium, and high vibrations made me rethink how physical forces can shape architecture in unexpected ways.

These moments taught me to let go of control sometimes and allow the process to guide the outcome. Instead of aiming for a perfect form, I began to enjoy discovering what forms could emerge.

Form-finding revealed the hidden potential of forces and materials in shaping architecture, breaking the limitations of my usual design thinking and opening up new ways to discover rather than dictate form.

During the form-finding experiments, I was surprised by how much the shapes evolved through the influence of forces like gravity and sound. For example, when simulating the flow of sand through different hole sizes, I initially thought the stretched, irregular forms looked too unstable—but later realized they held a unique, A6 - Reflection and Conclusion

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Introduction to Design Ressearch: Waterfront Placemaking

Yuan Xu

PART B Waterfront Placemaking - Pre-design, Design Research & Schematic Design

Team member 1 Design scheme leader

Liang Chen Team member 2 Technical leader

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B1 - Multiscalar Precedent and Diagramming

Following the form-finding explorations in Part A, Part B extends these generative strategies into a broader design context, focusing on waterfront placemaking. The experimental tools and models developed earlier helped us better understand the connection between form and force, and now they guide our architectural thinking.

This phase is about applying those ideas across scales—micro, meso, and macro—while responding to the Docklands site’s unique social, urban, and ecological conditions. It marks a shift from experimenting with form to designing for place. Through this transition, we aim to create innovative, site-specific interventions that bring our form-finding concepts into real spatial and urban experiences.

This design research explores how architecture can reimagine the water's edge as a dynamic, evolving condition rather than a static boundary.

At Docklands, Melbourne, where the waterfront is visually striking yet often underutilised, we began by investigating how design interventions could activate the site and encourage stronger connections between the public, water, and the urban fabric.

Our approach integrates ideas from form-finding explorations, where we used sand-gravity and sound vibration experiments to generate natural, responsive forms. These techniques inspired a landscape and spatial system that responds to both environmental conditions and user interaction. The design envisions water as a participatory element—present not only at the river’s edge but also through fountains, ponds, and rain-fed green roofs embedded deep within the site.

We began with a mind map identifying opportunities for transformation: layered access to water, flexible public spaces that respond to wind and sunlight, and the inclusion of multiuse program zones that blend residential, cultural, and commercial functions. These ideas informed initial sketches featuring interconnected buildings, a sunken plaza, floating walkways, and a greenhouse viewing platform.

By treating water not as a boundary but as a design partner, the project supports a more vibrant, hybrid waterfront. It aims to shift Docklands from a disconnected urban edge into a lively, immersive place that fosters movement, interaction, and ecological sensitivity.

B1 - Multiscalar Precedent and Diagramming

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Precent study_Norwegian National Opera and Ballet External circulation and viewing analysis

Precent study_Norwegian National Opera and Ballet Three key lessons can be learned from the spatial circulation of this precedent.

1. Public Accessibility The Opera House uses its roof as an open, walkable surface. This inspired us to introduce elevated platforms and skybridges that serve both circulation and social functions while remaining publicly accessible.

2. Visual Continuity The building maintains strong visual links between its interior and the surrounding waterfront. In our design, we applied layered sightlines to ensure that views of the water are present from both sunken plazas and elevated platforms.

Figure 25- Norwegian National Opera and Ballet External platform Snøhetta (2008). Norwegian National Opera and Ballet.

Retrieved April 12, 2025, from https://www.snohetta.com/ projects/norwegian-national-opera-and-ballet

Project name: Norwegian national opera House Architect: Snøhetta Area: 38500 m² Year: 2007 Theatre Consultants: Theatre Projects Address: Kirsten Flagstads Plass 1 City: Oslo Country: Norway

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B1 - Multiscalar Precedent and Diagramming

Figure 26 - Present study_ Norwegian national opera and ballet external circulation & view analysis

Located at the edge of Oslo’s waterfront, the Norwegian National Opera and Ballet is a key precedent for exploring how architecture can blur the boundary between land and water.

Designed by Snøhetta, the building integrates a sloping marble roof that functions as both a public plaza and a pathway—inviting visitors to walk directly over the building and engage with the harbour views from multiple angles.

This project demonstrates how architecture can transform the water’s edge into an active public space by dissolving the line between building and landscape. The structure rises gently from the fjord, creating a strong sense of openness while maintaining a seamless dialogue with the natural surroundings. It also showcases how architectural form can respond to sitespecific conditions such as water, reflection, and seasonal climate.

3. Blurring Spatial Boundaries By softening the threshold between interior and exterior, the Opera creates inclusive and transitional spaces. We adopted a similar approach with the greenhouse, rooftop lounge, and open plazas—creating hybrid zones that are neither fully indoor nor outdoor.

Figure 27 - Present study_ Norwegian national opera and ballet fuction & circulation B1 - Multiscalar Precedent and Diagramming

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Precent study_Horizontal skycraper – Vanke Center Project name: HORIZONTAL SKYSCRAPER – VANKE CENTER Architect: Steven Holl, Li Hu CLIENT: Shenzhen Vanke Real Estate Co. Area: 1,296,459 sq ft Year: 2009 Building type: mixed-use building including hotel, offices, serviced apartments, and public park Address: No.33 Huuanmei Yantian District, Dameisha City: Shenzhen Country: China horizontally suspended design During the initial design phase, the building faced planning restrictions and had to accommodate multiple functions, including Vanke’s headquarters, offices, university, experience center, library, museum, hotel, and international conference center. With a complex form and limited height, maximizing natural light was crucial, restricting the building depth to 20 meters. The solution was a long, horizontal structure stretching 380 meters—equivalent to the Empire State Building laid flat. To address strong southern sea winds and northern sunlight, the building was elevated using tension cables, creating an open design that preserves scenic views for both occupants and passersby.

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B1 - Multiscalar Precedent and Diagramming

HORIZONTAL SKYSCRAPER – VANKE CENTER

Sustainable Design The floating structures create shaded green spaces, enhancing ventilation and forming a microclimate. A greywater-fed water feature cools the aluminum-clad underside, improving efficiency. Movable shading panels reduce heat and wind impact, while a rotatable façade preserves views and controls light. Solar panels generate up to 4.38 MWh annually, powering cooling systems to cut energy use.

High-insulation walls and Low-E glass improve thermal performance, with frosted glass enhancing natural light.

Climate Adaptation To adapt to Shenzhen’s hot and humid climate, the design maximizes south-facing shading efficiency in summer while optimizing east-west solar control. Wind protection is crucial due to strong southwest and northeast winds. A heat exchanger reduces dehumidification energy use, while sky gardens utilize exhaust air to maintain a comfortable environment. Energysaving strategies include a radiant cooling system to minimize air conditioning consumption, geothermal cooling to enhance efficiency, and low-energy equipment to reduce electricity use and optimize operational costs.

Bottom view test

Functional diagram Vanke office SOHO office Apartment Hotel

Figure 30 - Present study_ Vanke center_functional diagram

Water view analysis Figure 28- Horizontal skycraper - Vanke Center Steven Holl Architects, Hufton + Crow. (2009). Vanke Center: A Horizontal Skyscraper Over Maximized Landscape. Retrieved April 12, 2025, from https://divisare. com/projects/16688-steven-holl-architects-hufton-crowvanke-center-a-horizontal-skyscraper-over-maximizedlandscape

Conclusion The Vanke Center adopts a linear, elevated layout that stretches horizontally across the site.

Raised 10.5 metres above ground on pilotis, the building opens up the entire ground plane for public use, gardens, and circulation. This generous clearance provides uninterrupted views across the site—toward the sea, internal courtyards, and surrounding landscape—

Figure 29 - Present study_ Vanke center_External view analysis

while allowing wind and light to pass through freely. The elevated form reduces visual bulk and blends the architecture into its environment.

Internal green roofs and courtyards further enhance environmental performance and strengthen visual connections between interior and exterior spaces.

Site

Lake view

Ocean view Figure 31 - Present study_ Vanke center_water view analysis B1 - Multiscalar Precedent and Diagramming

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Precedent study on site Design Reflection: Vanke Center Strategy in North Wharf, Docklands Integrating the elevated horizontal strategy of the Vanke Center into our North Wharf waterfront design offers meaningful advantages but also presents specific challenges.

Advantages Preserved Ground-Level Public Space Lifting key building volumes—such as the greenhouse, skybridge, or cultural programs—allows the ground plane to remain open for plazas, water features, and green zones. This supports our goal of encouraging interaction with water and maximising public access.

Framed Views：The elevated structure enables uninterrupted views from the lower plaza towards the river, aligning with our design intent to offer layered visual experiences from different heights.

Sheltered Zones：By raising parts of the building, shaded and wind-protected areas are created below—enhancing comfort for users in exposed areas of the site.

Precedent study on site Visual Lightness：In a visually open waterfront like North Wharf, elevating the massing reduces bulk at eye level and helps the architecture blend with the horizon.

Challenges

In summary, while the Vanke Center strategy aligns with our design values—especially openness, layered views, and hybrid use—it must be carefully adapted to North Wharf’s climate, circulation needs, and public life patterns.

Wind Amplification：The North Wharf site is already exposed to strong winds; a raised building form could intensify wind tunnels unless carefully shaped or shielded.

Activation of Raised Spaces：Elevated program elements—such as offices or rooftop lounges— must be easily accessible and actively programmed to avoid feeling disconnected from the ground-level vibrancy.

Structural Complexity：Lifting large-scale structures like skybridges or cultural buildings requires additional structural systems, increasing cost and construction difficulty.

Human Scale & Warmth：If over-applied, the raised mass could feel distant or disconnected from daily human activity. Care must be taken to maintain a balance between openness and intimacy at the pedestrian level.

Figure 32 - Present study_ Vanke center on North Wharf, Docklands

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B1 - Multiscalar Precedent and Diagramming

B1 - Multiscalar Precedent and Diagramming

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Hybrid Architecture Public space

What is Hybrid? 《This is Hybrid》 defines Hybrid Architecture as a design strategy that transcends traditional functional segregation by structurally integrating diverse programs—such as residential, commercial, cultural, and workplace uses—into a unified spatial system.

This approach addresses the complexities of high-density urban environments through vertical layering, spatial permeability, and functional synergies.

The book emphasizes that hybrid architecture moves beyond mere "mixed use" (co-location of functions within a single site or building) to prioritize dynamic interaction and mutual reinforcement among programs. For instance, commercial spaces invigorate residential areas, while cultural amenities enhance the value of office environments, fostering symbiotic relationships. In contrast, conventional mixed-use projects often compartmentalize functions without systemic integration.

Hybrid architecture employs design tactics—such as interwoven circulation paths, blurred spatial boundaries, and adaptable interfaces—to enable spaces to evolve with shifting temporal and user demands. This flexibility optimizes resource efficiency, 34

B2 - Waterfront Hybrid

encourages social interaction, and advances sustainability. By rebalancing functional conflicts and enhancing spatial flow, hybrid designs achieve synergistic outcomes where the whole exceeds the sum of its parts (1+1>2 effect).

Public space

Global case studies in the book (e.g., vertical megastructures, culturalcommercial hybrids) demonstrate how hybrid architecture serves as a critical tool for addressing urban density and sustainability. It challenges architects to rethink boundaries, creating multifunctional, resilient spaces that inspire inclusive and future-ready design solutions.

A+T Architecture Publishers. (n.d.). This is hybrid.

Retrieved from https:// aplust-net.eu1.proxy. openathens.net/full/Thisis-Hybrid/#page=1

Cultural /Art/ Education

Office

Hybrid Architecture

Public space

Commercial Living Public space

Living

Commercial

Cultural /Art/ Education

Office

Public space

Mixed use

Hybrid

Maximizes Space – Ideal for high-density cities.

Function Integration – Combines commercial, residential, retail, and public spaces.

Flow & Interaction – Enhances the relationship between different functions.

Adaptability – Evolves with the surrounding environment and economy.

Figure 33- Hybrid architecture

HARBOUR WALK

B3 - Architectural Site Force Mapping: Exploring Context, Program, and User Needs

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Site photo

Site location M O O N E E PO N D S

BRU N SWI CK WEST

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CL I FTO N H I LL FAI RFI E L D

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E ast M e l bo u rn e

D o cklan d s

Po rt M e l bo u rn e SPO TSWO O D

RI CH M O N D

So u th Wh arf

So u th ban k CRE M O RN E

BU RN L E Y

Dockland

Location

Docklands is a waterfront precinct situated immediately west of Melbourne’s CBD. Formerly an industrial port area, it has undergone extensive redevelopment and is now characterized by a mix of high-rise residential buildings, commercial offices, public amenities, and open spaces. While the site offers striking views and direct access to the Yarra River, it also presents several urban design challenges — including wind exposure, limited pedestrian engagement, and a somewhat fragmented streetscape. These conditions provide opportunities for architectural interventions that enhance connectivity, encourage public use, and create a more engaging human-scale environment.

North Wharf, Docklands, Melbourne Advantages • Good surrounding facilities • Broad vision • Multible sides water view Disadvantages • • • •

Noise pollution Extreme sun Car park limitations Site is far away from public transportation

Figure 34- Site location: Docklands

SO U TH M E L BO U RN E So u th Yarra

Lengend

AL BE RT PARK

TO O RAK

N E WPO RT PRAH RAN

Selected area

M I D D L E PARK WI LL I AM STO WN

ST KI L D A WE ST

ST KI L D A

WI N D SO R

City of Melbourne. (2023). *Suburb boundaries*. City of Melbourne. https://mvga-prod-files.s3.ap-southeast-4.amazonaws.com/ public/2024-05/suburb-map-boundary-city-of-melbourne.pdf

Suburb boundary

M a p cre a te d b y S p a ti a l (C i ty D a ta ) © C i ty o f M e l b o u r n e 2 0 2 3

0

36

0. 25

0. 5

1 km

B3 - Architectural Site Force Mapping: Exploring Context, Program, and User Needs

Municipal boundary

Figure 35- Site photos B3 - Architectural Site Force Mapping: Exploring Context, Program, and User Needs

37

Land use

SUN, WIND & WATER VIEW

2000

2025

Lengend

Lengend

Wharf

Wharf

Factory/Under development

Residential

Public services

Commercial

The site is a long, linear waterfront parcel surrounded by water on multiple sides. Its western edge remains open and unbuilt, offering unobstructed views but also exposing the site to significant environmental conditions. Due to its openness and lack of surrounding structures for shelter, the site receives strong direct sunlight throughout the day and is highly susceptible to prevailing winds. These conditions present both design challenges and opportunities for creating responsive architectural and landscape strategies.

Lengend

Commercial + Residential Public services 38

B3 - Architectural Site Force Mapping: Exploring Context, Program, and User Needs

Figure 36- Land use

Wind direction

Summer sun

Water view direction

Winter sun

Figure 37- Sun, wind & water vire analysis B3 - Architectural Site Force Mapping: Exploring Context, Program, and User Needs

39

SURROUNDING BUILDINGS

SENSORY MAP & POLLUTION ANALYSIS

ourn

c Spen

Harb lana

r

er st

e esp

rive

ru Wu

de

ra Yar

ke st

eri

ndj

Bour

y

road

Yarra r

Dunir a lane

wharf

wa

North

iver

ke st

Bour

Collin s

ins Coll

st

st

t

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Flind djeri

un Wur

way

Lengend Start point 40

B3 - Architectural Site Force Mapping: Exploring Context, Program, and User Needs

Figure 38- Surrounding buildings

Pollution level

Walking route

Figure 39- Sensory map & Pollution analysis

B3 - Architectural Site Force Mapping: Exploring Context, Program, and User Needs

41

Design vision

Demographices

Age Distribution in Docklands

Housing

0-9 years 10-19 years 20-29 years

9.1%

Family

30-39 years 40-49 years 50-59 years

39.4%

60-69 years

51.4%

Group households

70-79 years 80+ years 0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

People 15,493 Male 51.9% Female 48.1% Median age 32

Famalies 3,897 Couple families without children 65.1% Couple families with children 24.1% One parent family 7.3%

Number of bedrooms

10.5%

2 bedrooms 32.7%

3000 2500

1 bedroom

2000

3 bedrooms

1500

4 or more bedrooms

1000 500 0

Figure 40 - Demographices Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Waterfront 42

1 in 3 people has a degree

Occupations 3500

54%

Single person

B3 - Architectural Site Force Mapping: Exploring Context, Program, and User Needs

Trades Sales Community Clerk Managers Professionals

Docklands is home to a largely young and professional population, with most residents aged between 30–39 and 20–29. Families account for 51.4% of households, while 39.4% are single-person households.

Two-bedroom apartments are the most common, followed by one-bedroom units, reflecting the needs of young couples and individuals. The dominant occupation group is professionals, reinforcing Docklands’ identity as a modern, career-focused inner-city community.

Water and Human interaction

Mitigating Excessive Sunlight

Circulation and Spatial Attraction

Enhance the interaction between people and water in diverse and meaningful ways

Allow those who bask in the sunlight to also find shelter when needed

Shape movement toward desired destinations

This vision emphasizes the multifaceted role of water in the relationship between architecture and people.

Water—be it river, rain, or feature— through materiality, spatial composition, and circulation design, the architecture fosters multisensory experiences—inviting tactile, visual, and auditory interactions with water in intimate and dynamic ways.

This vision emphasizes the balance between sunlight exposure and occupant comfort. While welcoming natural light, it incorporates shading strategies, spatial layering, and material treatment to provide adjustable shelter—enhancing both adaptability and livability of the space.

This vision highlights spatial guidance and attraction. Through thoughtful circulation design, edge articulation, and visual cues, the space defines clear and intuitive paths—enhancing interaction and directing users toward intentional destinations.

B4 - Schematic Design and Waterfrtont Design Vision and Return Brief

43

Design Interation

Landscape Interation Landscape design 4

Landscape design 1

01. Hybrid machine form finding result

02. Put on the site

Design iteration 1 - Facing sun buildings

Design iteration 2 - Designed by the division of building functions

Design iteration 3 - Interactive walking roof

Design iteration 3 - Zoning

Landscape design 2

Landscape design 3 44

B5 - Design Process and Mass Study

03. Add landscape and Deck

Figure 41 - Landscape design interation 1-4

Figure 42 -Design interation 1-3 Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Waterfront B5 - Design Process and Mass Study

45

Site Functionality

Program placement

Fuction plaza

Conceptual Diagrams

Green space

Path

Pool

Deck Figure 43 - Site functionality

46

B5 - Design Process and Mass Study

01. Small Building

02. Large Building

03. Path

Restaurant/ Cafe/ Shop

Living space/ Multi-functional area

The path runs through the entire site

04. Bridge + Deck

05. Greenhouse + Viewing platform

06. Sunshade roof

Connect different areas & attract people to stay

Attract visitors and increase green space

The roof connects the building complex and provides shading for the crowd Figure 44 - Design 4 Conceptual diagrams B5 - Design Process and Mass Study

47

Perspective view

Site circulation This sectional perspective illustrates the overall spatial arrangement of the project, highlighting the elevated viewing bridge, greenhouse zone, and rooftop platform. By lifting these elements above ground level, the design ensures that sightlines from the lower plaza remain unobstructed, thereby maximising visual access to the waterfront. This strategy allows people at ground level to enjoy the pond and water features without interruption.

The approach is informed by our precedent study of the Horizontal Skyscraper

by Steven Holl Architects, where elevated massing is used to preserve open space and extend visual and physical connectivity at lower levels.

Figure 45 - Design iteration perspective view

48

B5 - Design Process and Mass Study

Site Entrance

The site has a single primary entry point, which naturally directs most pedestrian flow toward the central and northern areas.

To improve accessibility across the full length of the site, we introduced both vehicular and bicycle lanes extending to the southern end. This route leads to an underground car park, providing functional access while supporting smooth circulation for multiple user groups.

Underground Parking Entrance

Pedestrian Car/ Bicycle

Figure 46 - Site circulation B5 - Design Process and Mass Study

49

View analysis

Sectional Perspective

Public/private building views Riverside viewing bridge

Public/private building views

Multi-functional square area view

Waterfront Deck view Small building view

Figure 47 - View analysis 50

B5 - Design Process and Mass Study

Greenhouse/Viewing platform view Figure 48 - Sectional perspective Created by Liang Chen & Yuan Xu as part of group 6 for Waterfront B5 - Design Process and Mass Study

51

Layer program

Main building program

Level 11 Level 10 Level 9 Level 8 Level 7 Level 6 Level 5 Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Ground

Level 12 Level 11 Level 10 Level 9 Level 8 Level 7 Level 6 Level 5 Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Ground

The first three floors are dedicated to public functions, including a Public Vertical Access Public Vertical Access waterfront museum, retail Public Access Public Access spaces, and restaurants, Bridge Circulation Bridge Circulation encouraging activity and Lobby Shop public engagement at Lobby Shop the ground level. The midResidential Lounge Residential Lounge levels accommodate Resturant Museum Resturant Museum offices and rentable Gym Green Space meeting rooms, providing Gym Green Space flexible workspaces Office Meeting Room Office Meeting Room for professionals to Bridge Decking Bridge Decking collaborate, host clients, Atrium Atrium or work independently.

This vertical program arrangement supports a vibrant mix of cultural, commercial, and professional use within a compact urban footprint.

Private Access & Circulation Private Access & Circulation

Single Parents Young professionals

Residential

Privacy Family of two Hybrid 2 Bedroom Mixed use 3 Bedroom Rental offices Rental offices SOHO Open work space Focus

Work

B5 - Design Process and Mass Study

Collaboration

Office

Art Exhibiton Site Maritime Cargo History Memory Industrial Museum Welcome Privacy

Driveway Dropoff Zone

52

Bridge Gym

offices Meeting Room Rental Rental offices

Access

Figure 49 - Layer program Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Waterfront Placement

Rooftop

Loby

Gifts

Delicate Local

PARKING

Shops

CAR CAR CAR CAR CAR CAR CAR CAR CAR CAR CAR CAR

Privacy Lounge Connection

Views

Balcony

Laudnry Ensuite Vanity Views Bathtub Mirror Living room Shower Common area Lift Pantry Island bench Corridor Kitchen Micro-scale Bathroom Storage Hallway Nutrient Juice Resturant Healthy Soup Chicken Fresh Water Bread Gifts Welcome Delicate Shops Loby Access Privacy Local

Residential

Level 12

A skybridge connects the two towers at levels 9 and 10, serving as both a circulation route and a shared recreational platform. This space offers panoramic views and fosters informal interaction between residents and office users, promoting a sense of community across program types. On level 11, a rooftop lounge provides an additional social space, offering residents a comfortable setting for gathering, relaxation, and enjoying the surrounding waterfront landscape.

CAR CAR CAR CAR CAR CAR CAR

Figure 50 - Main building rogram Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Waterfront Placement B5 - Design Process and Mass Study

53

Plaza and landscape design key moments

Splash plaza

Pond 54

B5 - Design Process and Mass Study

Sunken plaza

Green space

Users The plaza features a fountain square and a pond, encouraging water interaction beyond the river’s edge. These elements offer playful, engaging experiences— particularly for children at the fountain plaza.

A sunken plaza and multiple green spaces are also integrated into the landscape. The sunken zone provides a sheltered, wind-protected environment, creating a comfortable space for rest, gathering, and extended public use.

Figure 51 - Key moments

Age: 27

Age: 36

Age: 32 & 35

Professions: Graphic designer

Professions: Academic researcher

Professions: One full-time office staff, one part-time remote worker

Activities & Needs:

Activities & Needs:

•Morning exercises at the waterfront •Casual work sessions in shaded outdoor areas •Socialising at cafés or pop-up events •Taking scenic walks across the bridge

•Moves between office, home, and meeting rooms.

•Needs quiet zones, flexible workspaces •Seamless integration between residential, professional, and public areas

The project is designed for a diverse user group, primarily targeting active professionals and small families. These users share common needs for accessible outdoor space, adaptable environments, and opportunities for social interaction within a dynamic urban setting. The design responds to these needs by offering a mix of public and semi-public spaces that support both everyday routines and spontaneous encounters.

Activities & Needs: •Occasional use of meeting spaces for remote work or freelance gigs •Weekend visits to museums and waterfront areas •Dining at local restaurants

Figure 52 - Users Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Waterfront Placement B5 - Design Process and Mass Study

55

Unit type

Massing model This is a representative unit layout: a two-bedroom, two-bathroom apartment with a total area of approximately 100 square metres. The design includes both internal living space and an outdoor balcony, offering residents a balanced combination of privacy, comfort, and access to fresh air and views.

Balcony

Bed 1

Master Bed Living Room

ENS

Dining

Bathroom

Study

Kitchen

Laundry

Closet

1:50 @ A3 1

Figure 53 - Unit type Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Waterfront Placement 56

B5 - Design Process and Mass Study

2

3

4

5

Figure 54- Massing model Created by Liang Chen & Yuan Xu as part of group 6 for Waterfront Placement B5 - Design Process and Mass Study

57

TIDAL CYCLE

Figure 55- Hero image render Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Waterfront Placement

PART C Waterfront Placemaking Design Development

Figure 44 - Design 4 Conceptual diagrams 58

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C - Waterfront Placemaking - Design Development

59

INTRODUCTION

Tidal Cycle envisions a dynamic waterfront development where ecological systems and urban activities interweave continuously, reflecting the rhythmic movement of tides. The design prioritizes the integration of water, landscape, and public functions to create a vibrant, adaptive environment that responds to both natural and social dynamics. Through careful spatial arrangement, the project balances environmental performance, community interaction, and sensory experience.

Summary Diagrams The diagrams illustrate key strategies: green systems for rainwater harvesting and urban farming, water features for public interaction, ventilation through building gaps, activated public facilities, optimized views, and smooth circulation — creating a balanced waterfront environment.

Figure 44 - Diagrams

ACCESS

CORRESPONDING LINK

PUBLIC FACILITIES

VIEW

Multi-directional site access

Internal links connect different zones and activate site integration

Shops, dining, plazas, and terraces enrich public life

Optimized massing maximizes panoramic views towards the waterfront

E

W

60

C - Waterfront Placemaking - Design Development

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

CONNECTION TO WATER

PASSIVE SHADING

VENTILATION

Rainwater harvesting, urban farming, and climate control

Fountains, ponds, walkways, and bridges enrich public water interaction

Building orientation optimizes natural shading based on sun path

Waterfront breezes flow through openings for cross-ventilation

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Feedback Week 8_Mid-presentation feedback Summary 1.

2.

3.

4.

62

Clearly explain which precedent studies informed the design ideas and how they were applied in the project.

Consider adding rendered visuals to better communicate the landscape design intentions.

The control tower is quite tall—include shadow studies in your diagrams to assess its impact on surrounding spaces.

The spacing between the two large buildings is currently too narrow. A revised distance of approximately 25 metres was suggested for better openness and circulation.

Adjustments to the rooftop lounge and connecting skybridge should also be considered accordingly.

Landscape development W9_Class review

W10_Class review

1.

1.

2.

3.

Use form finding results as networks and develop a series of attraction points Divide the site into different levels, (minus one, ground, level one...) and see how they connect to each other, precedent: Manta Ray Terminal Keeping the control tower and work out how it adapts to the site, for example it could be used as stairs, sculpture or a viewing deck). Find precedents of how to maximise this design opportunity Unit typology: have variety of unit types tested, for example instead of a two 10m x 10m apartments sitting next to each other you could have one 10m x 20m room and interlock them so there is an interesting space in between Part/Whole methodology Precedent studies for greenhouse, roof canopy.

C - Waterfront Placemaking - Design Development

Typical floor plans · Each floor will be different so there wont be a typical floor plan for the entire building · balcony set back for each residential floor, work out the minimum balcony depth on top and going downwards Draw a grid, nodes 8m apart Fit columns according to the grid · Draw sliding doors structures Transfer plate if different column positions for each level or thickening the whole floor 2. Ground plan · Add one more entrance increase the size of internal layout · Add some pop ups & furnitures · entrance door details small buildings add more details 3. Skybridge plan · level 1 resi and gym in the

middle · level 2 make the entire floor public, upper level also public · public area to be a restaurant & bar 4. Section · add a background, more details Find some facade precedents for curved buildings Sun shade canopy materials, glass?

The master plan to be atmospheric

Original program placement

Updated landscape

The shapes of the Greenhouse area and the Control tower area are quite different from the overall ones

• Coordinated the overall shape of the landscape • Adjusted the spacing between the small buildings and the distance between the large buildings

Figure 56- Landscape development C - Waterfront Placemaking - Design Development

63

Small buildings development

Deck development

Iteration 1

Iteration 2

Iteration 4

Iteration 5

Multiple spacing scenarios between the small building clusters were tested to evaluate pedestrian circulation, visual openness, and spatial comfort. Walking path simulations across the plaza informed the optimal distance, ensuring smooth movement and maintaining a balanced 64

C - Waterfront Placemaking - Design Development

Iteration 3

sense of enclosure. Based on these studies, the fifth version, it was selected for its improved walkability, connectivity, and spatial quality.

Figure 57- Small buildings development

Iteration 1

Iteration 2

Iteration 3

Iteration 4

Iteration 5

Final version deck

The deck structure underwent several refinements to enhance its relationship with the overall design language.

The geometry was adjusted to better follow the site’s circulation flow and visual rhythm. Additionally, stepped platforms were incorporated to introduce vertical variation,

enrich spatial layering, and create playful walking sequences for users. These changes enhance not only circulation but also the experiential quality of the waterfront promenade.

Figure 58- Deck shape development

C - Waterfront Placemaking - Design Development

65

Greenhouse development

Greenhouse development

Final version

Iteration 1

Iteration 2

Iteration 3

Features a two-level elevated platform at the base serving as an observation deck, with a two-story greenhouse constructed on top.

Modified the platform shape according to the landscape, adjusted the waterfront bridge, and added pathways leading to the control tower.

Modified the greenhouse shape to a singlestory 4.5-meter-high structure, maintaining the arched theme to better align with the overall design. Based on precedent studies, skylights were added on the roof to collect rainwater, and a staircase was installed on the side of the platform.

Figure 59 - Greenhouse development 66

C - Waterfront Placemaking - Design Development

• The building form was adjusted for better integration with the overall design language.

• The rainwater system was redesigned to serve both collection and visual water feature functions.

• The staircase was changed to a circular shape to reduce visual obstruction.

• The program was modified to include urban farming, supplying nearby restaurants.

• The control tower was repurposed into a restaurant and connected to the circulation system.

• Water storage pools were added to collect rainwater for reuse and to enhance the visual and spatial quality of the waterfront.

Figure 60 - Greenhouse final version C - Waterfront Placemaking - Design Development

67

Greenhouse precedent study Our Greenhouse design The green system serves multifunctional purposes, combining ecological performance with urban productivity. Rainwater is collected through integrated drainage channels to support landscape irrigation and reduce runoff. At the same time, designated areas for urban farming allow vegetables and herbs to be grown onsite, supplying fresh produce to nearby restaurants and contributing to the local food system. The green infrastructure also assists in regulating microclimate conditions and provides visual softness along the hard waterfront edges.

and Vertical Garden—are arranged organically beneath the preserved industrial steel framework. · Each pavilion is accessible from the central spine, allowing visitors to explore each climatic zone sequentially.

Figure 62- Expo Cultural Park Greenhouse Garden / Delugan Meissl Associated Architects Delugan Meissl Associated Architects. (2024, November 27). Delugan Meissl transforms disused steelworks in China with "organic curved pavilions". Dezeen. https:// www.dezeen.com/2024/11/27/delugan-meissl-expocultural-park-greenhouse/

Case Analysis 1.

Entrance and Central Spine: · Visitors enter through the main entrance building, which leads to a central circulation spine. · This spine is an elevated pathway that connects all three greenhouse pavilions, facilitating smooth visitor flow.

Figure 61 - Greenhouse render Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Waterfront Placement 68

C - Waterfront Placemaking - Design Development

2. Pavilion Layout: · The three pavilions—Desert, Rainforest,

3. Pathway Design: · The pathways within each pavilion are designed with gentle slopes and glazed parapets, enhancing the spatial experience and encouraging exploration. · The design ensures seamless movement through varied climatic zones while integrating the structure with the surrounding natural environment.

4. Additional Features: · An adjacent pool not only provides cooling but also supplies energy to the greenhouse from photovoltaic panels located just below its surface.

Figure 63- Tropicario Bogotá Botanic Garden / DARP De Arquitectura y Paisaje DARP - De Arquitectura y Paisaje. (2021, March 1).

Tropicario Bogotá Botanic Garden / DARP - De Arquitectura y Paisaje. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily. com/960662/tropicario-bogota-botanic-garden-darp

Case Analysis The Tropicario Bogotá Botanic Garden by DARP - De Arquitectura y Paisaje offers several design strategies that are highly relevant to the development of a coastal greenhouse. Key takeaways include: 1.

· The terrace above the pavilions offers an overview of the entire park and the buildings that form the edge of the surrounding urban fabric.

Central Roof Oculus for Rainwater Collection Each dome includes a circular oculus at its apex that functions as a rainwater inlet. This strategy maximizes roof area

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Greenhouse precedent study 2.

3.

4.

5.

70

utilization while introducing natural light from above.

Interior Water Pools as First-Stage Reservoirs Rainwater collected through the oculus flows into shallow interior pools, which are visually integrated into the greenhouse landscape and help regulate humidity levels.

Passive Climate Regulation The project uses glazing of varied thickness and automated roof openings to control light, airflow, and humidity without mechanical HVAC systems. This is particularly useful for energy efficiency in coastal, high-humidity environments.

Ecological and Educational Integration The visibility of the rainwater journey— from roof to ground, through wetland and back into the plant system—creates an educational opportunity while reinforcing the ecological message of the greenhouse.

These principles can be adapted to a coastal greenhouse to enhance water resilience, reduce energy use, and create a landscape-driven architecture that responds to both climate and site.

Spiral staircase 4.

5.

Figure 65- Spiral staircase dimensions and design

The system integrates both functional water management and aesthetic value, transforming the waterfall into a central landscape feature.

This closed-loop water cycle demonstrates an advanced green infrastructure approach, minimizing water waste and enhancing environmental sustainability.

Souza, E. (2018, June 19). How to calculate the dimensions of a spiral staircase? And how to design it?

ArchDaily. https:// www.archdaily. com/896565/ how-to-calculatethe-dimensions-of-aspiral-staircase-andhow-to-design-it

Figure 64- Jewel Changi Airport CIBSE Journal. (n.d.). Modelling the world’s highest indoor waterfall at Jewel Changi Airport. Retrieved June 12, 2025, from https://www.cibsejournal.com/technical/modellingthe-worlds-highest-indoor-waterfall-at-jewel-changiairport/

Technical Insights from Jewel Changi Dome 1.

2.

3.

C - Waterfront Placemaking - Design Development

The roof structure efficiently captures rainwater through its funnel-shaped central opening.

Acrylic panels are used to collect and direct rainwater while maintaining visual transparency.

Collected water flows directly into underground storage tanks, enabling continuous water recycling.

Incorporating spiral staircases into project When designing a 7-meter-high spiral staircase intended for bidirectional pedestrian flow in Victoria, Australia, it is essential to follow the requirements set out in the National Construction Code (NCC). According to the NCC 2022 Volume Two, stairways must have riser heights between 115–190 mm and tread depths (goings) between 240–355 mm, maintaining a consistent slope ratio of 2R + G = 550–700 mm to ensure comfort and safety

(Australian Building Codes Board [ABCB], 2022a). A single flight should not contain more than 18 risers without an intermediate landing of at least 750 mm in length, and the minimum vertical head clearance above treads should be 2000 mm (ABCB, 2022a). For spiral staircases, the minimum tread width is 600 mm, and tread depth must be measured at a point 300 mm from the inner edge (Superstruct WA, n.d.). Handrails should be continuous and

placed at a height between 865–1000 mm, and balustrades must be designed to prevent the passage of a 125 mm sphere to comply with child safety guidelines (ABCB, 2022b).

These standards ensure that stairways are safe, accessible, and ergonomic across residential and hybrid building contexts.

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Restaurant Layouts study

Unit type precedent study Standard size learn

1:300 @ A3 0

5

10

15

20

25m

According to Victorian hospitality design guidelines, commercial restaurant kitchens must be adequately sized to support safe food preparation, equipment operation, and efficient circulation, though no fixed minimum area is prescribed (Bayside City Council, n.d.). Key functional zones include cooking, food storage, refrigeration, dishwashing, and preparation areas, all designed to minimize cross-contamination risks (PrimeSafe Victoria, n.d.).

Ventilation systems are also critical to ensure air quality and safety (Knox City Council, 2023).

In terms of dining capacity, at least 75% of customers must be provided with seated dining arrangements, and space density regulations may limit occupancy to one person per 4 square meters depending on operational guidelines (Victoria State Government, 2023; Legalite, 2023).

Figure 67- Premium Apartment in Dockland Unit type study

Figure 68- Banksia Tower Apartment in Dockland

Figure 69- Glenti Place Apartment in Docklands

• Open-plan living, dining, and kitchen zone follow the curved façade for optimal views.

• Bedrooms located toward the rear for privacy and noise control.

• Centralized entry and service core optimize circulation efficiency.

• Long balcony extends usable space along the curved front.

• Angled walls create some challenges for internal furniture arrangement.

• Large open-plan living, dining, and kitchen zone fully utilizes the curved façade for panoramic views and natural light.

• Private bedroom wing is separated at the rear, providing clear functional zoning • Master bedroom has direct access to the balcony, maximizing outdoor connection • Multiple bathrooms and a butler’s pantry add functional convenience for larger households.

• The curved living space creates a unique spatial experience, but may limit flexibility in furniture arrangement.

• Efficient centralized entry with integrated storage and circulation space.

• Open-plan kitchen, dining, and living fully oriented along the curved glazed façade for maximum views and natural light • Bedrooms are positioned behind the living space, ensuring privacy and functional separation.

• The master bedroom enjoys direct balcony access and an en-suite.

• Central kitchen island and compact circulation optimize spatial efficiency • The curved balcony extends continuously along the living zone, enhancing indooroutdoor interaction.

• Simple and clear zoning creates functional, comfortable compactness for small families or couples.

Figure 66- Small building Plan 72

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Unit type development

Sketch 1 First, we divide the living floor into 6 to 8 rooms and test the area of the rooms excluding the balconies

Bed 1

Living Room

Final Unit types

Sketch 2 After confirming the layout of the central elevator, start testing the room layout of the residential floors. The room area should be maintained between 80 -100 square meters

Residential floor iteration 1 Modified the greenhouse shape to a singlestory 4.5-meter-high structure, maintaining the

Master Bed

Living Room

Living Room Ensuite

BIR

WIR

Dinning

Master Bed

Master Bed

Laundry

Kitchen

Kitchen Kitchen

Dinning

Pantry

Study

Dinning

Bathroom

BIR

BIR

Ensuite

Ensuite Laundry

Laundry Pantry

Bed 1

BIR

Bed 1

Bathroom

Bathroom

BIR

Pantry

Study

Study

Study

Study

Pantry

Bathroom

BIR

Bathroom

Bed 1

Bed 1

BIR

Pantry

Laundry

Laundry

Ensuite

Ensuite

BIR

Bathroom

Dinning

Kitchen

Pantry

Dinning

Study

Kitchen

BIR

Kitchen

Laundry

Master Bed

Master Bed

Dinning

WIR

BIR

Ensuite Living Room

Living Room

Bed 1

Living Room

Master Bed

1:120 @ A3

Typical Residential Floor 0

1

2

3

5

Iteration 2 Modified the platform shape according to the landscape, adjusted the waterfront bridge, and added pathways leading to the control tower.

74

Feedback Add the grid and determine the position of the column

C - Waterfront Placemaking - Design Development

Figure 70 - Unit type sketch Created by Yuan Xu as part of group 6 for Waterfront Placement Figure 71 - Floor plan drawing Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Waterfront Placement

Unit Layout Planning Each floor was divided into 4–6 units, with most units ranging from 80–100 m², primarily designed as two-bedroom layouts. Due to the building’s form, unit sizes gradually decrease on higher levels, where the top floors are organized into 4 larger units of approximately 130 m² each. All units are equipped with extended balconies to enhance outdoor living.

Figure 72 - Unit typies Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Waterfront Placement

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Exploded Axon development Program drawing from mid-semester

Updated exploded axon LEVEL 14

Private Access & Circulation

Level 12

Lounge

Public Vertical Access Level 11

LEVEL 13

Public Access

Level 10

Restaurant

Bridge Circulation

Level 9

Shop

Lobby

Level 8

Residential

Lounge

Level 7

Resturant

Museum

Green Space

Gym

Office

Meeting Room

Bridge

Decking

Level 6

LEVEL 12 Gym/Pool

LEVEL 10-11 Residential

LEVEL 7-9 Residential

Level 5 Level 4

LEVEL 5-6

Atrium

Residential

Level 3

LEVEL 1-4

Level 2

Office Level 1

LEVEL 3-4 Office

LEVEL 1-2

Ground

Museum/Gallery

Ground Floor Urban Farming

Figure 73 - Layer diagram Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Waterfront Placement

Tower restaurant Restaurant/Shop

Waterfront Placemaking - Detailing & Tectonics

Updates Based on Mid-Semester Feedback • Confirmed premium positioning for the overall design.

• Removed rooftop lounge from the large buildings.

• Increased spacing between buildings for better openness.

• Adjusted floor distribution based on user groups, separating privateupper levels and public zones for enhanced safety.

• Added swimming pool to the sky bridge.

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C - Waterfront Placemaking - Design Development

PART D

Figure 74 - Exploded Drawing D - Waterfront Placemaking - Detailing & Tectonics

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Material exploration

More material exploration

Figure 75- Material - steel

Steel Steel is used as the primary structural framework across both the main building and the restaurant tower. Its high strength and flexibility support the large-span roof geometries, elevated circulation bridges, and complex curved forms characteristic of the design. The lightweight yet robust steel system allows the buildings to achieve expansive column-free interior spaces while maintaining overall structural stability. Its adaptability to parametric shaping makes it ideal for forming the fluid, organic roof structures of both the main facility and the tower.

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Figure 76- Material - UV Glass

Figure 77- Material - Acrylic panel

UV Glass

Acrylic panel

UV glass is applied extensively as the exterior cladding for both the large buildings and the restaurant tower. Its excellent light transmittance maximizes daylight penetration into the interior spaces while offering effective UV protection, benefiting both plant growth in greenhouse areas and visual comfort for occupants. In addition to optimizing natural lighting, the UV glass panels contribute to thermal regulation, creating energy-efficient interior environments and enhancing the transparent architectural expression of the design.

D - Waterfront Placemaking - Detailing & Tectonics

Inspired by Jewel Changi Airport, acrylic panels are applied as inner membranes beneath the roofs of both the main building and restaurant tower. These panels collect rainwater and direct it to storage tanks for recycling, forming part of the project’s sustainable water system. The translucent material maintains light transmittance while visually expressing the water cycle as an active design element.

Figure 78 - PTFE Fabric (Tensile Membrane Structure)

Figure 79 - GRC (Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete)

Figure 80 - ETFE Cushion System

Figure 81- Laser-Cut Metal Panels

PTFE Fabric

GRC

ETFE Cushion System

Laser-Cut Metal Panels

PTFE-coated fiberglass fabric is applied as a lightweight tensile membrane. The material offers high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent weather resistance, and strong light diffusion, creating bright yet shaded spaces. Its flexibility allows the formation of complex curvilinear geometries while maintaining structural efficiency and visual lightness.

Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRC) is used to create sculptural, free-form roof structures with perforations for controlled light penetration. GRC offers high compressive strength, durability, and design flexibility while remaining relatively lightweight for complex forms. The perforated elements create a balance of shade and dappled natural light, enhancing spatial quality beneath the canopy.

Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) foil is applied as inflated cushion panels for large-span transparent roofs. ETFE offers exceptional light transmittance, UV resistance, and self-cleaning properties, while its lightweight nature reduces structural load. The cushion system allows controlled air pressure adjustments for thermal regulation, making it ideal for greenhouse or atrium applications.

Laser-cut metal panels create intricate roof shading patterns while providing partial solar protection and visual interest.

The solid material ensures durability and longevity, while the customized perforations allow designers to control light, shadow, and ventilation. This approach transforms shading into an expressive architectural feature that actively shapes user experience.

D - Waterfront Placemaking - Detailing & Tectonics

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Short Section

Facade render

Figure 82 - Renders Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Waterfront Placement 80

D - Waterfront Placemaking - Detailing & Tectonics

Figure 83 - Perspective section 2 D - Waterfront Placemaking - Detailing & Tectonics

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Long Section

Water/Green system

STORMWATER COLLACTION Rainwater is collected through a rainwater collector

RAIN REUSE The collected rainwater is used for irrigation

URBAN FARMING Urban farming supplies fresh produce to nearby restaurants and supports sustainability

GREYWATER

Figure 85 - Water/green system 82

D - Waterfront Placemaking - Detailing & Tectonics

Figure 84 - Perspective section 1

D - Waterfront Placemaking - Detailing & Tectonics

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APPENDICES

Key moments

Sand & Gravity draft model

Test materials The test model was made using cardboard, in turn using starch, sugar and salt instead of sand.

Starch was eliminated because it was too light White sugar was eliminated because it was too fine.

Salt was selected to carry out the final model experiment

Test result

Template 1 Laser cutting acrylic box Insertion tab

Template 2

Template 3 84

D - Waterfront Placemaking - Detailing & Tectonics

Figure 86 - Key moments

Sand & Gravity draft model

Small insertion tap are used to hold the perforated templates

Test the amount and rate of salt pouring E - Appendix

85

APPENDICES

APPENDICES

Sugar morphologies first draft model - Used bio-plastic

Mix Sweet potato starch, white vinegar and glycerin and heated to make Boi-plastic

Mix syrup and heat New syrup formula

Put bio-plastic between 2 cardboard templates, then leave to dry and stretch it

Second draft model - Used sugar

Wood tampletes 86

E - Appendix

Used suger instend bio-plastic

Boi-Plastic morphologies machine body components

Third sugar morphologies model - Used sugar

Test on template Part A

Observed tension

Twine maltose to improve tensile strength

Using 3D printer to print Part A, Part

The new formula uses: granulated sugar Sprite (citric acid source) Maltose (Increase tensile force) Glucose The formula will greatly increase the tensile strength and is not easy to break

First test - Part A & B without form

Stir the syrup and wait until it cools

Test on the model

Got all components

Connect Part A & B

The assembled components E - Appendix

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APPENDICES Hybird machine template design

Figure 87 - Individal model_Chladni Plate form finding result Created by Liang Chen as part of group 6 for Form finding project

Perforated templates

Laser cutting acrylic box & templates

Assembly new box

Salt usage test

Hybird machine uses the experience from the personal model. At the beginning, it was found that the box of 250x250x250mm was used. After testing, it was found that the sound vibration was not obvious due to excessive salt consumption, so the size of the box was reduced to 200x200x100mm, and the salt was used as little as possible.

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E - Appendix

Distribute the salt evenly at the top E - Appendix

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APPENDICES

References Snøhetta. (2008). Norwegian National Opera and Ballet.

Retrieved May 3, 2025, from https://www.snohetta.com/ projects/norwegian-national-opera-and-ballet Steven Holl Architects, Hufton + Crow. (2009). Vanke Center: A Horizontal Skyscraper Over Maximized Landscape. Retrieved April 12, 2025, from https://divisare. com/projects/16688-steven-holl-architects-hufton-crowvanke-center-a-horizontal-skyscraper-over-maximizedlandscape EKH-Pictures. (2017). Architecture curve modern building glass metal structure [Photograph]. iStock. Retrieved April 12, 2025, from https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/ architecture-curve-modern-building-glass-metal-structuregm840533582-138623665 iStockPhoto.com Building Construction and Materials. (n.d.). Glass in Architecture. LBCC Pressbooks. Retrieved April 12, 2025, from https://lbcc.pressbooks.pub/buildingconstruction/ chapter/glass-in-architecture/ BuildGreenNewHomes. (2024, November 3). 48 Pavilion Designs That Blend Beauty and Function. Retrieved April 12, 2025, from https://buildgreennh.com/pavilion-designs/ PA Editorial Team. (2024, January 26). Urban Tensile Bridge will resemble forests of sails and flowers basking in the sun. Parametric Architecture. Retrieved April 12, 2025, from https://parametric-architecture.com/urban-tensile-bridgewill-resemble-forests-of-sails-and-flowers-basking-in-thesun/:contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}

property/1942318/2905-628-flinders-street-docklandsvic-3008 Lucas Real Estate. (n.d.). 1502/2 Glenti Place, Docklands [Floor plan]. Retrieved June 12, 2025, from https:// www.lucasre.com.au/pages/real-estate/buy/ property/672443/1502-2-glenti-place-docklandsvic-3008 HomeHound. (n.d.). 505/2 Glenti Place, Docklands VIC 3008 [Floor plan]. Retrieved June 12, 2025, from https:// www.homehound.com.au/listing/for-sale/vic/melbourneregion/inner-city/docklands-inner-city/5052-glenti-placedocklands-vic-3008/ Berger, H. (1996). Lightweight structures: Structural engineering of tensile membrane structures. Prestel Publishing.

ACI Committee 544. (1997). State-of-the-Art Report on Fiber Reinforced Concrete (ACI 544.1R-96). American Concrete Institute.

Robinson-Gayle, S., Kolokotroni, M., Cripps, A., & Tanno, S. (2001). ETFE foil cushions in roofs and atria. Construction and Building Materials, 15(7), 323-327. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0950-0618(01)00008-4 Crosbie, M. J. (2004). Architecture for the new millennium.

Images Publishing Group.

Viva Property. (n.d.). 2905/628 Flinders Street Docklands VIC 3008. Retrieved June 12, 2025, from https:// www.vivaproperty.com.au/pages/real-estate/buy/ 90

E - Appendix

A1 - From Concept to Creation

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