DESIGN OF MULTI-VILLAGE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

DESIGN OF MULTI-VILLAGE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Sharyu A. Bhoyar1 , P D. Dahe2

P.G. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, SGGS Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vishnupuri, Nanded (M.S.), India 1

Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SGGS Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vishnupuri, Nanded (M.S.), India 2 ***

Abstract - WatersupplyinIndiaisnowpreviewedascommunitybaseddemanddrivensystem,underwhichitisessentialto reinforcecapacityoflocalcommunityresidinginvillageandsmalltowntodevelopandmanagetheirownwatersupplysystem. The drinking water is one among the essential elements required for all components to hold out thevarious fundamental activitiesoflife.Duetorapidurbanizationandwaterscarcity,maintainingastableandsafewatersupplyhasbecomeachallenge tomanycities.Toovercomethesechallenges,watersupplysystemisneeded.Inthisstudy,insightsareprovidedonanalysisand designofbasiccomponentsofawatersupplysystemincludingthedistributionsystemanddrinkingwaterqualitycontrol.The designofwatersupplysystemforagroupofeightvillagesisdonefortheprojectedpopulationofthreedecades.Surveyof villagesiscompletedwiththeaidofdigitalGPS.Waterdistributionnetworkforthevillagesisanalyzedanddesignedwithhelpof BentleysWATERCADsoftware.Waterdistributionnetworksystemsaredesignedtodeliverwaterfromasourcewithinthe adequatequantity,qualityandatsatisfactorypressuretoindividualconsumers.

Key Words: WaterSupplySystem,WaterdistributionNetwork,WATERCAD,RuralArea,PopulationForecast,WaterDemand.

1.INTRODUCTION

1.1 General

Cleanandsafeenvironmentcannotbeimaginedwithoutwater.Provisionofsafeandadequatewaterisofprimeimportancefor healthyliving.Foracivilizedpopulationagoodwatersupplyschemeisamusttokeepthepeoplehealthy.Afterassessingthe requirementofwaterfordifferentusesofthepopulation,awatersupplyschemeisdesignedbytheengineerwhichwillservethe populationwithwaterasperitsrequirement.Itismandatoryforawatersupplyschemetosupplywaterwhichispalatableand freefromanydefectwhichmaycausewater-bornediseases.Awatersupplysystemcollects,transports,treats,stores,and distributeswaterfromasourcetocustomers,suchasresidences,businesses,industries,andirrigationfacilities.andpublic agencies.

1.2 Historical Development

AcommitteewasconstitutedbytheMinistryofHealthduring1960toreviewtheprogressoftheNationalWaterSupply& SanitationProgrammeandassesscorrectlytheneedsoftheurbanandruralregions.Thereportofthiscommitteeindicatedthat 60%townsofIndiacoveronly6.5%oftotalpopulation.Only48.5%ofthispopulationhadaccesstosafewaterandget10to150 litresofpotablewaterperpersonperday.Inthefourthfive-yearplan,Rs.339croreswereearmarkedforwatersupplyand sewage.Manyprojectshavebeencompletedtoremovewaterbornediseases.ThegovernmenthasallocatedRs.100croresfor watersupplyschemesinruralareas.FundsforvariousprojectsinIndiawerealwaysscarce.However,despiteallefforts,thecost ofwatersupplyandsanitationonlyaccountsfor3%oftheoverallplanbudget,whichisarespectableproportion.Afterspending suchamounts,inIndia,its85%urbanpopulationgetssafedrinkingwater.Butinruralareas,majorworkisstilltobedoneto arrangeforsafewatertoitspopulation.

1.3 Necessity for Planned Water Supplies

Whereverwearethere,waterrequirementisthere.Startingfromourhousetoschool,offices,hotelsandrestaurants,water requirementisthere.Whetheritisavillage,townorcity,waterrequirementisthereindifferentformanddifferentquantityand qualities.Itiswaterwhichprotectsusfromenvironmentpollution.Therefore,water,whichwerequireshouldbeavailableforus andshouldbeasperourrequirement.Foragricultural,domestic,institutionsandindustries,requirementforqualityofwateris different.Hence,tomakewateravailable,wehavetoknowfirst,thepurpose,thenquantityandthenquality.Watermaybe requiredforagricultureuse,domesticuse,forindustrialuse.Andforeachofthesedescribedabove,qualityofwatertobeused differs.Asanengineer,wemayhavetoplanforwaterforagriculturaluseandforthis,careistakenbyirrigationengineers.For domesticandcommunitywaterrequirement,apublichealthengineerhastoplan,thewatersupplyanddistributionsystem.And foranindustrialuse,industrialandcivilengineershavetoplantherequirement.

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2. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

1. Toidentifytherequirementsforanintegratedwatersupplysystemforagroupofeightvillages

2. ToplananddesignanintegratedwatersupplysystemforagroupofeightvillagesusingWaterCADforproviding adequatewateratasufficientpressuretoalltheconsumers.

3.RELATED WORK

Prashant Virjibhai Vaghela, et al (2010) Avitalroleisplayedbythewaterdistributionnetworkindeliveringwatertothe finaldestination.AnalysisanddesignofwaterdistributionnetworkscanbedonewiththeWaterGEMSsoftware.Thisresult indicatesthatthepressuresatalljunctions,aswellastheflowratesatallpipes,aresufficienttosupplyadequatewatertothe networkinthestudyarea.Understandingthepipelinesystemintheareaofstudywillbeeasierwiththeendresult.According totheresultsoftheanalysis,theresultantpressureatallnodesandthecorrespondingflowrateshadbeendetermined.

Dilip Babubhai Paneria et al (2017)Inthisstudytheexistingwaterdistributionsystemissimulatedthroughconstructofa modelusingBentleyWaterGEMSIthelpedintheanalysisofthewholenetworksystem,byvisualizingtheconsequencesof constituentcomponentsandparameters.Also,asthepressureattheendnodewaslow,itshowedthattheconsumercloseto thereservoirgainedmorebenefitsfromthewaterthantheconsumerresidingfurtheraway.

Sumithra R. P. et al (2013) Duetoitsundulatingterrainandincreasingpopulationdensity,waterdistributioninTirunelveli Corporationisn'tevenlydistributed.Therewasastudythatsuggestedimprovementstothedistributionsystem.Thepaper presents results of analysis carried out using computer package Bentley system, 2008 water gems for optimal design of distribution system including cost analysis and reorganization measures needed for the planning year 2044.WaterGEMS softwarehavegraphicalinterfaceandmoreefficientandchangesareoftendoneveryeasily.

Sajedkhan S. Pathan (2015) Inthispaperdesignofwatersupplysystemdulyconsideringoptimizationinadditiontothecost minimization,minimumheadrequirementandminimumchlorinerequirementispresented..

Rameshwari D. Bhoyar and Mr. S. J. Mane. (2016) Waterdistributionsystemmodelingandoptimizationarecriticalto today'sprogressiveworld.Modelling,byreplicatingthelocationconditiongivesarealisticapproachtotheplanning.

4.STUDY AREA AND DATA COLLECTION

4.1 Background

SurajpurisatownandNagarPalikaParishadlocatedintheSurajpurdistrictofChhattisgarhstateincentralIndiaonthebank oftheRihandRiver.Itislocated334kmfromthestatecapital,Raipur,andistheadministrativeheadquartersoftheSurajpur district.TheNationalHighway43hasitsroutethroughSurajpur.Surajpurislocatedat23.22°N82.85°E.Theelevationisan averageof528metres.SurajpurislinkedwithbothRoadandRailways.Thedistricthasgoodroadandrailconnectionstoother regionsofthenation.GumlaandRanchiareconnectedtoKatniinthenorthviaNationalHighway43.SurajpurandVaranasiare directlyconnectedbytheBhaiyathan.RaipurairportisthenearestairportfromSurajpur.Surajpuriswellconnectedwith Raipurairport. TheCityCenter is6kilometers(3.7 mi) from SurajpurRailwayStation.Harratikra isa Villagepresent in SurajpurTehsilinSurgujaDistrictofChattisgarhState,India.villageis located28KMtowardswestfromDistrictheadquarters Ambikapur.5KMfromSurajpur.295KMfromStatecapitalRaipur.

Surajpur,whichhasapredominatelytribalpopulation,isareflectionoftherichtraditionalvaluesandculturalheritagethathave survivedintothemodernperiod.Villagesinthisschemeareelectrifiedandapproachableinallweather.Thevillagesarehaving amenitieslikeSchool,GramPanchayatBhawan,AnganbadiKanjiHouse,PHC/Hospital,Weeklymarketetc.Mainoccupationof thevillagersisagricultureandmaincropispaddy.

4.2 Existing Status of Water Supply

Thereisanexistingwatersupplyschemeinoperationforthesevillages.ThevillagesincludedinthisHarraTikraWaterSupply Schemearelocatednearbyexistingwatersupplyscheme.Only2villagesinthisschemearehavingexistingwatersupply schemes.Outofthesetwovillageswaterschemeinonlyonevillageisinworkingcondition,duetothisreason8villagesareto beproposedtobeincludedinHarraTikrawatersupplyschemespart-2.

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Thevillagesof the projectarea are expanding atthefaster rateandpresent watersupplysystemis not adequatefor the expandingareaandpopulation.TheriverRihandistheonlypermanentsourceofwaterwhichissupplementedbyexisting anicutwhichwasconstructedbyWRD,butduetostructuralfailureofonepiertheweirisofnouse.Hence,toaugmentthe sourcea newintakewell withinfiltration galleryisproposed inthescheme. There isnoother sourceofthiscomparison availablenearbythesegroupofvillages.Henceitisproposedtocatertheneedofwaterforallthese8villageswithsurface watersourcefromthisriverwhichissufficienttofulfilltheneedofthismultivillagescheme.

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5. METHODOLOGY

5.1 Population Forecasting Methods

Whenthedesignperiodisfixedthenextstepistodeterminethepopulationofavillageortownpopulationofavillagedepends uponthefactorslikebirths,deaths,migrationandannexation.Thefuturedevelopmentofthevillagemostlydependsupontrade expansion,developmentindustries,andsurroundingcountry,discoveriesofmines,constructionofrailwaystationsmayproduce sharprises,slowpopulationgrowth,stableconditions,orevenpopulationdecline.Forthepredictionofpopulation,itisbetterto studythedevelopmentofothersimilarvillages,whichhavedevelopedunderthesamecircumstances,becausethedevelopment ofthepredictedvillagewillbemoreorlessonthesamelines.

Thefollowingaretheprimarymethodsusedforpopulationforecasting.

1. ArithmeticalIncreaseMethod 2. GeometricalIncreaseMethod 3. IncrementalIncreaseMethod 4. DecreaseRateofGrowthMethod

1) Arithmetical Increase Method:-

Thisapproachispredicatedonthenotionthatpopulationgrowthissteady.Populationchangesthroughouttimeatasteadyrate. Theformulacanbeusedtocalculatethepopulationafter'n'years.

Pn=P+nxC

Where, Pn = Populationafternthdecades P = PresentPopulation C = Averagedecadeincrease n = numberofdecades

2) Geometrical Increase Method:-

Thisapproachispredicatedonthenotionthatthe rateofpopulationgrowthisconstantacrosstime.Thepredictingofthe populationisdoneusingthismethodontheassumptionthattheaveragepercentageriseoverthelastseveraldecadeswillbethe same.

Thepopulationiscalculatedbyusingtheformula

Pn=P[1+(Ig/100)]^n

Where, Pn = Populationattheendofnthdecade

P = PresentPopulation

Ig = AverageGeometricGrowthMean n = Numberofdecades

3) Incremental Increase Method:-

Comparedtothefirsttwoways,thismethodisanimprovement.Themathematicalapproachisusedtocalculatetheaverage growthinthepopulation,andtheaverageofthenetincrementalincreaseisaddedonceforeachsubsequentdecade.

Populationafternthdecade

Pn=P+nX+[n(n+1)/2]xY.

Where, Pn = Populationafternthdecade

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P = PresentPopulation N = numberofdecades X = AverageDecadeIncrease Y = AverageIncrementalIncrease

4) Decrease Rate of Growth Method:-

Alllifehasbeenobservedtogrowwithinfiniteconfines.Ifthecompletegrowthofaveryoldtownisplotted,itwillbeseenthat thecurvehasS-shape,whichindicatesthatearlygrowthtakesplaceatanFuturegrowthisoccurringatadiminishingrate, indicatingthatthesaturationlimithasbeenachieved.

Using this strategy, the most recent percentage rise for each subsequent decade is removed from the average decline in percentageincrease.

Populationafternthdecade

Pn = P(1+R)^n

Where, P = PresentPopulation

N = numberofdecades

R = GrowthRateinPercentage

5.2 Water Demand

Basedontheadoptedpopulationatvariousstagescalculatedasabove,waterrequirementatvariousstagescalculated.Water requirement various stages as per latest Strategic Plan of Ministry of Drinking water and sanitation. Govt. of India, JJM Guidelinesdtd01.04.2019,consideringthepercapitasupplyas65.19LPCD:(Includingalllosses).Inadditiontothis4%extra rawwaterisproposedtobeconveyedtillwatertreatmentplanttoaccommodatethelossesintheWTP.

Followingarethevarioustypesofwaterdemands i. Domesticwaterdemand ii. Industrialdemand iii. Institutionandcommercialdemand iv. Demandforpublicuse v. Firedemand vi. Losesandwastes

5.3 TOTAL REQUIREMENT OF WATER FOR A VILLAGE

Theissueregardingpercapitarateofwatersupplyhasbeendiscussed.Ithasbeendecidedinthediscussionsthattherateofwater supplyshouldbe65.19(IncludingLosses)lpcd.Hence,theWaterSupplySystemwill bedesignedforthe 65.19(Including Losses)lpcdwatersupplyrateandflowsinthedesignyearbasedontheprojectedpopulation.Designflowiscalculatedby projectingpresentpopulationfordesignyearbyusingpopulationprojectionfiguresandapplyingassumedlpcdrateforprojected population.Waterdemandprojectionsarecarriedoutwithpercapitarateof65.19(IncludingLosses)lpcdatconsumerendand 15%lossesforgrossdemand(Total65lpcd)projectionsasperCPHEEO’smanual.

S. N o.

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Table No: - 5.3 Population Projection and Water Demand

I. RESULT

Name of Village

Censu s Popul ation 2011

18% on 2023 population 32% on 2023 population

65.19 LPCD including losses

Projected population Daily Demand In MLD 2023 2038 2053 2023 2038 2053 Population 2023 @14.56% on 2011 population

65.19 LPCD including losses 65.19 LPCD including losses

1 Girwarganj 2614 2995 3534 3953 0.2 0.23 0.26

2 Nayanpur 1085 1243 1467 1641 0.08 0.1 0.11

3 Pachira 1689 1935 2283

265.19 (Including Losses)4 0.13 0.15 0.17 5388 6173 7284 8148 0.410 0.480 0.540

4 Bharatpur 719 824 972 1088 0.05 0.06 0.07

5 Pondi 1092 1251 1476 1651 0.08 0.1 0.11

6 Mani 1167 1337 1578 1765 0.09 0.1 0.12

7 Jobga 1175 1346 1588 1777 0.0877 0.1035 0.1158

8 Getra 1757 2013 2375 2657 0.13 0.15 0.17 5910 6771 7989 8938 0.438 0.514 0.586

5.4 Design Parameters for Water Supply Scheme

5.4.1

Design Year:

• InitialStage : 2023

• IntermediateStage : 2038

• UltimateStage : 2053

HencetheultimatedesignyeartobeconsideredfortheProjectis2053.

5.4.2 Water Demand:

Waterdemand projectionsarecarried out withpercapita rateof65.19(IncludingLosses)lpcdatconsumerendand15% losses for grossdemand(Total65lpcd)projectionsasperCPHEEO’smanual.

5.4.3

5.1.3 Hours Of Pumping:

Byanalyzingthepoweravailabilitysituation,wehavedecidedtodesigntheRisingmains,Pumpingmachinery,watertreatment plantconsidering16hourspumpingperday.

5.4.4 Hazen-Williams C-Value:

Basedonmaterialandageofthepipe,followingC-valueswouldbeadoptedfordesignofdistributionsystem:

5.4.5

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Hazen Williams C – Value For Different Pipe Materials (Distribution Pipes)

Material

CValue

NewPipes DesignPurpose

CastIron(CI) 130 100

AsbestosCement 150 140

DuctileIron(DI) 140 140

MildSteel(MortarLined) 130 110

PVC,GRP,HDPEpipes 150 145

Water Treatment Plant:

ThesourceforthewatersupplyschemeisRiveri.e.surfacewater.WeproposeConventionalwatertreatmentplantswithunits suchasaerationfountain,flashmixer,Clarifloculator,rapidsandfilterandchlorinationarrangement.

5.4.6

Service Reservoirs:

Theminimumserviceorbalancingcapacitydependsonthehoursandrateofpumpingina day,theprobablevariation of demandorconsumptionoveradayandthehoursofsupply.Thecapacitycanbecalculatedfrommassdiagram.Thestaging heightoftheElevatedservicereservoircanbefixedafterthedistributionsystemdesign,whichwillprovideelevationofESRs.

5.4.7

Peak Factor for Distribution System Design

Asfarasthedesignofdistributionsystemisconcerned,itishourlyvariationinconsumptionthatmatters.Thefluctuationin consumptionisaccountedfor,byconsideringthepeakrateofconsumption(whichisequaltoaverageratemultipliedbypeak factor)asrateofflowinthedesignofdistributionsystem.

CPHEEO'smanualrecommendationsforpeakfactorsareasbelow:

Sr. No. Description

1

5.4.8

Peak Factor

Forpopulationlessthan50,000 3.0

2 Forpopulationrangeof50,000to2,00,000 2.5

3 Forpopulationmorethan2,00,000 2.0

4 ForsmallWaterSupplyScheme 3.0

Residual Pressures In The Distribution System:

Astheprojectareaisfringeruralarea,systemisdesignedforminimumresidualpressureof7matconsumerend.

5.4.9

Minimum Diameter Of The Pipe:

Theminimumproposeddiameterofpipesproposedfortheanalysisis100mm

5.5 PROPOSED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

5.5.1 Intake Arrangement:

Anexistingintakewellof6minternaldia.andtotalheightofstructureis28.74mispresent,duetoinadequateintakeofwater insideintakewellitisproposedtoconstructanewRCCIntakewellinriverbed ofRihandRiveronrightside30mawayfrom existingintakewell.ThenewintakewellIsproposedatadistanceof30mfromexistingintakewell. Itisproposedtolay

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slottedpipegalleryof450mmdia.withtwoarmsoflength90meach,withconnectingmainofDIK-9materialof400mmdia. andlengthof30m.Theconnectingmainisproposedtoconnectexistingintakewellwithnewintakewellsothatthewater demandduringpeaksummerseasongetsfullfilled.willbeprovidedwithsluicevalves/gatestotakedischargefromhigher levelinletportduringmonsoon&fromlowerlevelinletportsaftermonsoon.Thedoublestorypumphouseisalreadyexisting andwillbeutilizedinthepresentscheme.

Figure.No- 5.5.1 Location of WTP And Intake Well Location

5.5.2 Water Treatment Plant: 2.00MLDconventionalWaterTreatmentPlantisproposednearMBR-1.Thecivilstructuresoftheplantaretobeconstructed in such a way that electrical as well as mechanical installations can be done comfortably and will be consist following components:

Aerationfountainandmixingchannel

ChemicalDosingSystemwithtank

Clarriflocculators

FlowMeter

Continuoussandfilterplant

FilterMedia

Filteredwatertransferpump

InterConnectedPiping

AirCompressor

ControlPanel,Cables&Fittings

ClearWaterSump

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5.5.3 Raw Water and Pure Water Pumping Machinery: (Considering 16hrs Pumping)

Sr. No. Description Raw Water Pumping Machinery

Pure Water PumpingMachinery

1 Location of Pumping Machinery AtIntakeWell AtWTP AtWTP

2 PumpType(Nos) VT(1W+1S) CF(1W+1S) CF(1W+1S)

3 HorsePower 85HP 7.5HP 25HP

4 Discharge 268995LPH 27000LPH 36612.5LPH

5 Head 55m 35m 85m

5.5.4 Design of Raw Water and Pure Water Rising Mains:

Design of this Raw Water Rising main

TheRawwaterpumpingmainof300mmdiameterDIClassK-9pipes3531minlengthisExistingwhichwillbeusedforthe proposedschemeforpumpingrawwaterfromproposedIntakewelluptoWTPincludingallvalves,fittings,appearances,CD works,valvechamberetc.Theeconomicalsizeofrawwaterpumpingmainhasbeenworkedoutbasedontheprincipleof techno-economicfeasibilityandfinancialviabilityasdetailedforultimatedesignperiod.Theminimumandmaximumvelocity hasbeenconsidered0.6m/secto2m/secwhiledesigningconveyingmain.ProvisionforCCroadcutting&relayingsandfilling inrockportionhasalsobeenmadeintheestimates.

Design of this Pure Water Rising main

TheClearwaterpumpingmainof150mmdiameterDIClassK-9pipesoflength8650misproposedforpumpingclearfrom proposedWTPtoMBR1&fromWTPtoPondivillageincludingallvalves,fittings,appurtenances,CDworks,valvechamberetc. Theproposedrisingmainwillbelaidthrough Salka village,duetothistheexistingpipelinelaidinthevillagewillbebroken/ dismantledduringtheexecutionofthework,hencetorepairthisprovisionofpipesandspecialsaremade. Theeconomical sizeofclearwaterpumpingmainhasbeenworkedoutbasedontheprincipleoftechno-economicfeasibilityandfinancial viabilityasdetailedforultimatedesignperiod.Theminimumandmaximumvelocityhasbeenconsidered0.6m/secto2m/sec whiledesigningconveyingmain.ProvisionforCCroadcutting&relayingsandfillinginrockportionhasalsobeenmadeinthe estimates.

5.5.5 Master Balancing Reservoir:

Thetreated waterisproposedtopumpfromSumpandPumphouseMBR’satdifferentzones.Thecapacityisproposed to approximate40%ofdemand(aspermasscurve)fortheimmediatestage.

Table No: 5.5.5 Details of MBR

5.5.6 Distribution System

AnalysisofthedistributionsystemwiththehelpofactualtopographicalsurveyandtheWaterCADsoftware.

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It is proposed that these zones be divided according to topography.These zones will be served by the individual ESRs, wheneverpossible.Inthisschemewehavedividedentireprojectareaintothreezones.Thesezonesare–

Zone-I = Girwarganj,Nayanpur,Pachira.

Zone-II = Bharatpur,Pondi,Mani,Jobga,Getra. Itproposedtolaythenewdistributioninthevillages.ThetotaldistributionsystemwillconsistofO-PVCpipes.Thediametersfor DIpipeswillbeveryfrom100mmdia.to300mmdia.

Table No: - 5.5.6 Distribution Network Lengths.

Sr. No Dia (mm) Zone-1(m) Zone-2(m) Total(m) 1 110 6511 19608 11248 2 150 4737 33 19641 Total (m) 27119 4770 30889

CONCLUSIONS

Fromthestudy,thefollowingfindingsaremade:

1. Theintegratedwatersupplysystemforagroupofeightvillagesissuccessfullydesigned.

2. Thesystemhasbeenputtouseinthefield.Therunningresultsshowthatthesystemcansaveenergyandcostfor thewaterworks,guaranteethesecurityofwatersupplysystem,andimprovethequalityofwater.

3. Theresidualpressureatallnodesisfoundtobegreaterthan7.00m.Hence,theflowcantakeeasily.

4. By using tools like WaterCAD the analysis can be done with in a period of time even for complex type of networks.

REFERENCES

[1] ArjunKumar,KankeshKumar,BharanidharanB,NehaMatial,EshitaDey,MahanSingh,VivekThakur,SaritSharma, Neeraj Malhotra (2015) Design Of Water Distribution System Using Epanet, International Journal of Advanced Research(2015),Volume3,Issue9,pp-789–812

[2] Mandar G. Joshi, Nitin P. Sonaje (2015): ―A review of modeling and application of water distribution network softwaresInternationalJournalofAdvanceResearchinEngineering,ScienceManagement.Volume3,Issueno08

[3] Prof.A.G.Chaudhari(2017).―ExperimentalinvestigationbyWaterGEMSsoftwareforredesignofwaterdistribution systemofBhavaniMataESR,InternationalJournalOfAdvanceResearchinEngineering,ScienceManagement.vol.no.6, issueno.03,March2017.

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