EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTH AND WOKABILITY PROPERTIES CONCRETE USING RICE HUSK ASH AND EGG SHELL POWDER CONCRETE
Abstract - This research has been done to find out the maximumpercentageofRHAandeggshellpowderaspartial cementReplacement.Theconstructionindustriesareinthe searchtofindalternativeproductsthatcanreducethecost ofconstruction.Demandforcementhasbeengrowingevery day.InthisResearch,differentRHAandESPconcreteswere developed by replacing with cement. Concrete plays an important role and a large quantity of concrete is being utilized in every construction. The eggshell which usually disposesofisusedasanalternateforthe cementbecause theshellofaneggismadeupofcalcium.Aneggshellisused indifferentcombinationstofindthepracticabilityofusing theeggshellsasanalternativetocement.RHAisproduced after the burningof Ricehusk Whenwe burnricehusk in openfieldfortheproductionofricehuskinopenfieldforthe productionofricehuskasthatcontainhighcarboncontent whichadverselyaffectsthepropertiesofconcreteandalso causedhighlycrystallineforminstructures.Theaimofthis project is to halt the pollution of the environment by the improper disposal of the Eggshell waste, a remain from eggshells domestic waste such as schools, restaurant, bakeries, homes, and fast food hotels, by using it as an additivematerialinformofash&powderinconventional concrete with grade M25, as it is normally used in construction sites. Eggshell is one of the waste materials whichcanbeapromisingfutureintheconstructionindustry asapartialorfullsubstituteofeithercementjustbecauseof itsphysicalsimilaritytothefineCement..TheRHA6%and ESP6% is replaced with Cement show positive results. workabilityreduceswithincreasing%ageofRice Husk Ash and Egg shell powder The maximum proportion of replacement has been found by conducting the following strengthtests:Compressivestrengthtest,Flexuralstrength testandSplitTensileStrengthTest.
Key Words: RHA (RICE HUSK ASH),ESP (EGG SHELL POWDER, Concrete.
1.INTRODUCTION
The versatility, durability, sustainability, and economy of concretehavemadeittheworld’smostlyusedconstruction material. Concrete is a nuclear family or we can say householdofthisdissimilarmateriallikebindingmaterial (cement, fly Sash, Rice husk ash) fine aggregate, coarse
aggregateandwater.Often,thereinforcementandflavour enhanceroradditivesinvolvedinthemixturetoattainthe desiredphysicalpropertiesoftheendmaterial.Whenthese constituentsorelementsarefusetogether,theyshapeafluid massthatiseasilycastedintoshape.Overtime,thecement formsahardmatrixwhichgirdstherestoftheconstituents togetherintoadurablestone likematerialwithmanyuses. The object and purpose is to mix these materials in measured amounts to make concrete that is easy to: Transport, place, compact, finish and which will set, and harden,togiveastronganddurableproduct.Theamountof each material (i.e.; cement as binding material, water for mixingandaggregateslikeafineaggregatethatissandused asvoidfillerandcoarsematerialthatisgravelusedasinert material)affectsthepropertiesofhardenedconcrete.
1.1 RICE HUSK ASH
The RHA is generally by product of agricultural residuethatwecanobtainunderthecontrolledtemperature ofbelow800°C.Throughthisprocesscontain25%ashthat will gives us 85% to 90% Amorphous silica that imparts strengthandabout 5% Alumina thatact asa flux and also imparts quick setting property. Due to this RHA is highly Pozzolanic in nature. A pozzolanic material is an essential siliceouscompoundthatdoesnotpossessitsowncementing propertiesbutfinallydividedinthepresenceofwaterreacts withcalciumhydroxidereleasedduringhydrationprocessto makecementingmaterial.
1.2 EGG SHELL POWDER
Eggshells are the organically decomposable waste obtained from chick hatcheries, bakeries, and fast food restaurants. Among other biodegradable wastes, this can affect the surroundings and thus can lead to ecological issues/contamination which would need appropriate solutions.Scientists havebeeninvestigatingthe beneficial useofEggshellsinconstructionpurposesorotherrelated purposesanditisknownthattheeggshellismainlyhasthe compositionofcompoundsofcalcium.Okonkwoetal(2012) presented eggshells are composed of 93.70% calcium carbonate(incalcium),4.20%ofitisorganicmatter,1.30% is magnesium carbonate, and 0.8% of it is calcium phosphate.
Asrar
Syed Saad Ali, et.al 2019:Inthisstudy,testwasdoneon concretewithpartialreplacementofcementwithESPinthe proportionof(0 20%)andfineaggregatewithCopperscum (0 20%). Slump cone value for the copper slag and ESP increases with increasing in the percentage of ESP and copperslagsotheconcretewasnotworkable.Thevalueof theCompactionfactortestaboutcopperslagandeggshell powder decreases with increase in the percentage of both copper slag and ESP in the concrete. The compressive strength of concrete is find out to be optimum at 10% replacementofcopperslagandeggshellpowderandisthe optimumvalueafter7dayscuringand28dayscuring.The splittensilestrengthofconcreteisfindouttobeoptimumat 15%replacementofcopperslagandeggshellpowderfor28 days curing in M30 grade concrete and maximum at 10% replacementofcopperslagandeggshellpowderfor28days curing.So,thereplacementof10%to20%ofcopperslagand eggshellpowderisusefulforbetterstrengthvaluesinM30 gradeofconcrete.
Maurice E. Ephraim et.al (2012). Thisresearchisdone to investigate the effects after replacing partially ordinary Portland cement with RHA that is super pozzolanic the percentagelevelupto25%anditsresultshowsthestrength propertiesareimproved.
Godwin A. Akeke et.al (2013) Thisresearchisdoneto investigatetheeffectsafterpartiallyreplacingtheRHAwith OPCandalsostudyitsflexuralpropertiestodeterminetheir modules of structures as well as its tensile strength of concrete. The percentage level was up to 25% in the production of concrete with no loss of workability or strength.Afterthatresultshowsustensilestrengthincreases duetoadditionofRHAandflexuralstrengthshowsmarginal improvementwith10%to25%RHAreplacementlevel.
Amarnath Yerramala Et.Al., (2014) studiedtheProperties ofconcretewitheggshellpowderascementreplacement,and showedtheCompressivestrengthwashigherthancontrol concretefor5%ESPreplacementat7and28daysofcuring ages. Split tensile strength concrete up to 10 % with ESP replacementunavoidable.
Vashisht Patil, Prof. M. C. Paliwal(2020) Thisresearchis donetoinvestigateThishugeamountofproductionprompts utilization of natural resources and it is very unsafe for environment. Enormous amount of waste by products are deliveredfromthemanufacturingenterprises,forexample, mineralslag,flyash,silicafumes,ricehuskashandsoon.the ricehuskashisanagriculturalbyproductwhichisobtained fromthericemills,thehuskwhichisobtainedfrommillisof nousei.eitisnotevenbeusedforanimalstoeat.Henceitis used as a fuel in various big industries the burning temperatureisveryhighhencetheyareobtainedfromthat .theRHAisverylightweight.Theresearchworkheredeals withthepartialreplacementofcementwithRHAinconcrete at various percentage such as 0%,5%,10%,15%,20% and 25%bymassofcement.Variousexperimentalinvestigations are carried out to find out the compressive strength, split
tensilestrengthandofconcretesamplescuredforperiodof7 and28days.theresultsobtainedfromtheexperimentswith satisfactory replacement of cement with rice husk ash are presentedinthisresearchpaper.
Harsha Bhaskaran et.al 2016 Thispaperpresentsthe partial replacement of cement by egg shell powder. In present world, increased accumulation of carbon dioxide contentinatmosphereiscreatingenvironmental pollution andglobalwarming.Ineverytonsofcementmanufacturing producesequalamountofcarbondioxide.Inordertoreduce the impact of carbon dioxide emission and to protect the environment,cementisbeenreplacedbyeggshellpowder. Thisstudyrepresentstheinfluenceinpropertiesofconcrete whencementisreplacedby5%,10%and15%ofeggshell powder Propertiesareexperimentallyinvestigatedbasedon compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete. Compressive, tensile and flexural strength up to 7 days of age were compared with conventionalconcrete;fromtheresultsobtained,itisfound that egg shell powder can be used as cement replacement material.
3. MATERIALS
CEMENT Inthisproject,oneofthebindingmaterialsis usedthatiscementandalsooneoftheimportantmaterials forbuildingintoday’sconstructionworld.TheUltratech43 gradeofordinaryPortlandcementbyIS:8112 1989isused inthisproject.
3.1 FINE AGGREGATES Aggregate is the granular materialusedtoproducetheconcreteormortarandwhen theparticlesofthegranularmaterialaresofinethosethey passthrougha4.75mmsievethatisfineaggregate.Itisan essential constituent inconcrete thatisconsistsof natural sand or crushed stone. Density and the quality of fine aggregatethatissandisstronglyinfluencethestrengthand hardenedpropertiesofconcrete
3.2 COARSE AGGREGATES Out of total aggregates, the aggregatesthatareretainedon4.75mmsievearetermedas coarse aggregates. The local available coarse aggregates (naturalstoneAggregates)areusedinthepresentwork.The coarse aggregates with size of 20mm will be used in this presentwork.
3.3 RICE HUSK ASH Content
Table 1: Chemical composition of Rice Husk Ash
4. METHODOLOGY
CASTING In order to test compressive strength of concrete,concretespecimensofstandardcubicalmouldof size testdimensionandhaving150*150*150mmwerecastedinelevendifferentbatchesdifferentreplacementpercentageofRiceHuskAshESP.Thespecimenusedforthistestiscylindricalanditsis150mmindiameterand300mminlengthTheismadeonthebeamofsize700mm×150mm×150mm.
4.1 CURING All the materials when mixed adequately to achieve normalplacedweredesignationsurfacebyrequiredcheckedhomogeneousmixture.Aftermixingtheconcretewasforrequiredslumpandthenfilledintomouldsoftests.Themouldfilledwithconcretewascompactedtablevibratortoachievepropercompaction.Mouldwasfinishedwithtrowelanddateofcastingwithmixnumberismarkedonit.Theconcretespecimensthenremovedfrommouldsafter24hoursandthenincuringtanksforcuringprocessfor28daysatroomtemperature
4.2 SLUMP CONE TEST Itcanbeusedinsiteaswellasinlab. This test is not applicable for very low and very high workabilityconcrete.Itconsistsofamouldthatisintheform offrustumhavingtopdiameterof10cm,bottomdiameterof 20cmandheightof30cm.Theconcretetobetestediffittedin the mould in four layers. The each is compacted 25 times withthehelpoftampingrod.Afterthemouldiscompletely filled it is lifted immediately in the vertically upward directionwhichcausestheconcretetosubside
4.3 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
Thenfreshconcreteisfilledinmouldin4layersandafter fillingeachlayertampingshouldbedone35timesincaseof cube and 25 times in case of cylinder by using standard tamping rod. Once the mould is filled then leveled top surfaceofconcretewithtrowel.Afterthedaythemouldwill removedandspecimenaredroppedinthecuringtankunder standardtemperatureof27±2°c.After7daysand28daysin thisresearch
4.4 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH
The specimen used for this test is cylindrical and its dimensionis150mmindiameterand300mminlength.The instrumentusedforthistestingisuniversaltestingmachine. Thefreshconcreteispreparedinaccordingtotherequired gradesandrespectivemixproportion.Thefreshconcreteis filled in mould in layers and each layer is tamping with standardtampingrodwith25blowsforeachlayer.Afterthe day the mould is removed and specimen is placed in the curing tank for 7 days and 28 days in this research at the temperature27+2°c.Thendrawthelineonthespecimen
Fig 2: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST 7 days
Fig -2: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST 28 days
Theconcreteispreparedatrequiredrateofmasselement the mould is filled with concrete in layers and blows 25 timeswithstandardtampingrod.Afterthedayorwecansay 24hoursthemouldisremovedandspecimenplacedinthe water tank for curing at a temperature of 27 + 2 C. Depending upon the requirement the test specimen is removedfromthewatertankandwipeitproperlyfor7and 28daysfortesting
5. CONCLUSIONS
1. The outcome of workability by Slump test method concludedthatworkabilityreduceswithincreasing%ageof Rice Husk Ash and Egg shell powder. This may be due to waterdemandraiseswithraising%ageofRHA.
2.TheCompressivestrengthresultsshowthatbyreplacing cementwithRice Husk AshandEggshellpowder,thereis increaseincompressivestrengthbutaggregatesinhigher volume decreases strength. After Rice Husk Ash and Egg shellpowdervolumeadditionandreplacingCement,thereis decrementofcompressivestrength.
3.Theexcellentsubstitution%ageofRHAandESPinterms of strength and economy is RHA6ESP6. The value of compaction strength obtained at optimum percentage substitutionis35.14whichis11.9%higherthannormalMix.
4.Thesplittensilestrengthandflexuralstrengthormodulus of rupture shown same nature as that of compressive strengthortoughnessstrength
5. The use of RHA and ESP in civil engineering works will reduceenvironmentalpollution,upgradequalityofconcrete, andreduceitscostofproduction.
6.ThereplacingofCementwithESPhasshown+veimpact onsplittensilestrengthupto6%substitution.
7. The highest value of tensile strength was obtained at RHA6ESP6replacementwhichis6.1Mpa.
8. The flexure strength also showed maximum strength when6%ofCementisbeingreplacedbyRHA and6%ESP, increasedthestrengthupto7.8%at28thday.Bothhelpin increasingstrengthatlowvolumereplacement
9.Theexcellentoffavorablesubstitution%ageofRHAand ESP in terms of strength at 28 days and economy is RHA6ESP6.
International ISSN: 2395 0056 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net ISSN: 2395 0072
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