SOLAR WATER PURIFIER

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net

SOLAR WATER PURIFIER

e ISSN: 2395 0056

p ISSN: 2395 0072

Gajanan Babhulkar [1], Akash Kale [2], Mangesh Warghat [3], Shahid Khan [4]

[1], [2], [3] Students of Department of Mechanical Engineering, [4] Assistant Professor Dept. Mechanical Engineering, Agnihotri College of Engineering, Nagthana (Wardha)

***

Abstract Inallgenerationsofhumanbeingswaterplaysa very crucial role for everyone. As, we know that impure water can cause various kinds of disease which are life threatening.Inallovertheworldmanycountrieshasfacing waterissuesmostofthemtheydon'thavewatertodrink. We have observed that small villages and middle class familiesarenotabletobuyawaterpurifierandalsomany villages are facing electricity issues. There is limited conventional energy also they effect on environment. In thisresearchpaper,weareusingnon conventionalmethod which Solar based Water purifier which runs on solar energy.Wehavetoachievethepurificationprocessonnext levelwhereit'saccessible&affordableforallhumans.The Solarpanelusedforgeneratedirectcurrentwhichisstored in battery This purifier is used for filtering process to removetheunwantedbacteria,dirtfromwaterthisprocess completely execute with the help of solar energy. The rotation of the motor helps to remove impurities by operating a motor that pumps water through a system of filters,pumpsandhoseslocatedinpurifier.Inthispurifier wehaveusedthetechniqueofoperatingthemotorusedfor liftingwaterusingsolarpanels.

Keywords - Small Scale, Solar Panel ,Purifier, RO Membrane

INTRODUCTION

Waterisoneofthemostsignificantresourceson thisearth.Earthiscoveredfromwateris70%and30%is land. Humans as well as animals are fully dependent on watertosurviveandtolivehealthily.Waterpurificationis the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants,suspendedsolidsaswellasgasesfromwater. AsweSurveyfromdoctorsshowsthattomaintainahealthy lifestyle, an average intake of water in male/female approximately 3.7 litres/2.7 litres of water .In India near about 2439 peoples died in 2018 because of water borne diseasesuchas cholera,diarrhea,typhoidand almost 1.5 millionwerediagnosedwiththisdisease.Awaterresource shouldbesafeandreliablebutalsoaffordabletopeople. The available water in many areas in the country is brackish, salineorimpure.Salinityisamajorprobleminthecoastal areas of thane and Mumbai district.RO is the Process availablefor waterpurification,andsunlightisoneofthe source of Conventional energy that can be utilized in our systemasenergysource.ROFiltrationismostStablemethod for purification of contaminated water the RO system has

Factor value:

semi permeable membrane that filters excessive minerals and other soluble presents such as bacteria, Fungi, algae, virusesinthewater.Particlesastinyas0.0001micronsare effectivelyremovedbythesystemwhilerotatingthemotor. In India pure drinking water is a major problem in urban/rural area .There are many traditional methods availableforwaterpurificationofdrinkingwaterChlorine tablets, pots chlorination of wells, Slow and rapid sand filters,Fluorideremoval,butthismethodshasverydifficult procedure also purification level is less than RO. In this paperwearedesigningwhichisworksonSolarpaneltolift upthewater intank andprovideelectricitytoROsystem for Purification process .If any environmental problem or power failure will be happen such as flood or something thenthesolarpurifierhasstoretheirenergyinbatteryso thisprocesswillbecontinuetoworkasSolarenergy.Itisan portablepurifierwhichiseasytoassemblewhereyoucan useitonruralareaswherethereislackofElectricity.This PurifierprovidespollutionfreeWorking.

1.2 Objectives

To provide pure water for all and it’s affordable for everyone.

Detachingsedimentsandparticulatematterfromdrinking water.

Destroyingpathogen,viruses,bacteria’sandotherdiseases causingelementsfromwater,thusmakingitpurified.

LITERATURE REVIEW

TRADITIONAL METHODS

All over the countries, rural groups have adopted simpleandsimpleandrudimentaryremedytechniquesthat inparticularintentionatfilteringoutthevisibleimpurities fromthewatercollectedfromnearbyassets.Eventhough those traditional methods are expedient and can remove suresort’sparticlesfromthewater,theydon’tofferwater necessarily of what could can be taken under the present situationofdrinkingqualitywater.Thisisidealprocessfor rural communities and in most cases with easy step of disinfection they may yield water loose from pathogens. Thereareseveralmethods.

9001:2008

Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net

a) FiltrationalongWinnowingSieve

b) FiltrationthroughCloth

c) FiltrationthroughClayVessels

a) Filtration along Winnowing Sieve: Thistypeoffiltration is used when the water source is polluted by air borne impurities such as dry leaves, stalks, and coarse particles. Therawwaterispassedthroughawinnowingsieve,andthe impuritiesarefiltered.Thiskindoffilteriswidelyusedin villages of the Bamako area, Mali. This method cannot be usedwhentherawwaterishighlyturbidormuddy,since thesievecannotfilterfinesuspendedparticlesinrawwater.

b) Filtration through cloth: In villages they use white skinnycottonmaterialoradiscardedgarmentisusedasthe filter medium. This filter can clear out uncooked water containingsuchimpuritiesasplantsbacteria, insects,dust particlesormuddebris.Thispurificationprocesssuspended particles present in water may be removes in only small amount.Thispracticesoffabricfiltrationisprettycommon invillagesinIndia

c) Filtration through Clay Vessels (Earthen Pot):In Clay vesselswithaappropriateporesizeareeverysooftenused to filter fairly turbid water. Muddy water is gathered in massiveclayjarorpotandallowedtorestonlowersurface ofpot,thenthewaterinjarwilltricklethroughtheporous claywallinjar.Thetrickledwateriscomposedinavessel (claypot)throughsettingitatlowestoftheporousclayjar

EXISTING SYSTEM

Sourav Kumar Ghosh and Md. Mamunur Rashid et. al. [1], (2020),Thisresearchworkusessolarenergyasanenergy sourceandstoresitinabatterieswhichisafreesourceof energy.Thisenergyisthenusedbyinexpensiveheatingcoils toheatsthewatertoaspecifictemperature(belowboiling points).Aftercondensation,thecoldwaterundergoesfuther purification through the filtering chalk. At this stage, the water condenses again to give water room temperature. Throughthisprocess,weobtaincleandrinking water.We went through almost at every stage of a product development process ,from gathering customer requirementsto finalizingthedesign.[1].

K. Dikgale, D.F. Ntobela, B.G.V. Mendes, et.al.[2],proposed that solar powered water purification systems is thus regardedasanimportantmeansofproducingcleanwater. Solar energy poses no polluting effect and has become a dependableenergysourceforusage.Thedesignofasolar powered waterpurification systemis basedtotallyonthe thermal method by using the thermal heating system principlewhichconvertssunlightraysintoheat.Themost vitalaspectistheabsorptionofheattoinduceevaporationof water.Researchshowsthatflatplatecollectorsproduceheat at relatively low temperatures (27°C to 60°C) and are commonly used to heat liquids. A solar powered water

Factor value:

e ISSN: 2395 0056

p ISSN: 2395 0072

purificationsystemconsistsofasolarcollectorthatabsorbs sunlight to ensure vaporization, which is the first stage of purifying and a filter that removes contaminants. Four differentconceptshavebeendeveloped.[2]

Gazi Nazia Nur, Mohammad Ahnaf Sadat et al. [3] proposedthatConventionalenergysourcesarelimitedand theycauseenvironmentalpollution.Byusingarenewable energy source as solar power to purify water, these problems can be avoided. Solar water purifier is an advancementofcurrentwaterpurificationsystem.Design methodologyofthesolarwaterpurifierispresentedinthis paper. Solar water purifier takes solar power as energy sourceandstoresenergyinabattery.Maincomponentsof solar water purifier are solar panel, battery, heating coil, filtering chalk, double layer condenser and several water vessels. This purifier uses filtering mechanism to remove dirt from water and boiling mechanism to kill organisms. Throughthisprocess,puredrinkingwaterisachieved.[3]

Lamma OA & Abubaker M. Outhman etal. [4]proposed thatimpactofreverseosmosisonpurificationofwaterRaw water reverse osmosis technology has taken many leaps towards the development of energy efficient and high yielding systems. The reduction in energy consumption, improvement in membrane life and increase in energy recoveryemergedastheprimarycriteriaforresearchinthis field.Thekeyobjectiveoftheworkinvolvestheoptimization of the variables involved in the pre treatment process of different water sources (pond, canal and surface water) reverseosmosisplantwhichwouldleadtoanincreaseinthe membranelifebyreducingsolidscontentoftherawwater. Experiments were carried out to ensure maximum total solids reduction and also reduction of different chemical parameters (BOD, TDS and Bacteria). These parameters werefoundtobedesirableforthedischargefromthepre treatmenttobefedintothereverseosmosispartoftheplant andROwaterplantisuseddrinkingpurposeandfreefrom contaminants.[4]

Yogita V.Gaikwad, PoojaV.Gavande etal.[5]proposedthat areverseosmosispurificationprocess.Thissystemcontains mainlypowersupplycircuit,purificationcircuitandcontrol circuit. Power supply consists of solar panel, charge controller,batteryandinverter.Purificationunitconsistof boosterpump,ReverseOsmosissystemandcontrolcircuit containssensor,microcontrollerandrelays.Highpressureis create by booster pump to carry out reverse osmosis process. The microcontroller keeps watch to level of the watertankandpreventsitfromtheoverflow.Byusingthis processweobtainpurewaterinthewatertank.[5]

Dr.S.Prakash, Deepak Toppo. etal.,(2017),[6]Thebasic principlebehindthisprojectisreverseosmosis.Thesolar radiationsarecollectedbysolarpanel.Thisenergyisthen stored in a battery. The battery is connected to the purification unit through a electromagnetic relay. The purification unit consists of high pressure motor, reverse

| ISO 9001:2008

Volume: 09 Issue:

| Apr 2022 www.irjet.net

osmosis system and the water tank. The high pressure createsthenecessarypressurerequiredtocarryoutreverse osmosis. The microcontroller 8051 keeps a watch to the levelofwaterinthewatertankandprevents itfromover flow.Throughthisprocessweobtainthepurifiedwaterin thewatertank [6]

METHODOLOGY

Fig: Block Diagram of System

Asshownintheblockdiagram.OurmajorComponentof this purifier is filters, Solar Panel, booster pump, Solar Chargecontroller,Reverse OsmosisMembraneetc.Inthis mechanismpurifieriscompletelydependentonsolarpanel power.Solarpowerisusedasenergyresourceandenergyis stored in a battery. The solar panel are made of photovoltaic cell which is responsible for converting the sunenergyintoelectricalenergytheenergywhichisobtain from solar panel are stored in battery where the solar chargercontrollerregulatestheamperageandvoltagethat is delivered by solar panel to maintain the batteries load withoutgettingovercharged.Thepowersourcethenturns on the filters and the motor rotor rotates, pulls the eccentricswingwheeltomakeeccentricmovements,and turns the water scaffold assembly of three cameras connected near the eccentric tread wheel to reverse, driving the diaphragm. The continuous rotation of the engineenablesthediaphragmoftheROboosterpumpto continuetoreplicate,fulfillingthepurposeofpumpingand increasing the water after which it enters. The RO membrane can remove all majority contaminants from pushing the water through semi permeable membrane removesallimpuritiesofwater.Themembraneconsistof3 layersthefirstlayerismadeofpolyamidesheetthesizeof layeris0.2micronsit'sdoesnotenteranykindparticles andpolysulfidelayercanremovesthenutrients,bacteria, chemical, virus which are present in water the last is polyester base where the purified water pass. After the purificationprocessdirtywatergetsseparatedaswellas cleanwatergetsseparated.



(IRJET)

e ISSN: 2395 0056

ISSN: 2395 0072

Fig: RO Working

3.1 Components Specifications

Solar Panel: Inthismodel,solarpanelisusedforcollecting thesolarenergy.Solarpanelaremadefromphotovoltaiccell .The amount of power which is completely depend on the intensityoflight Weareusingaminisolarpanelof20 watt fora12 voltbatterythatischargedwiththehelpofsunlight. Beinglightinweight,thisportablesolarpanel findsmany applications or uses. The panel is specially designed to chargesmallbatteriesupto10Ahor10,000mAh.Minisolar panelsaredefinedbytheirsize(dimensions),whichranges from0.6x2.55inchesto14x18inches(equivalentto1.7 sqft, i.e., comparable to a regular medium sized home mirror).



Solar Charger Controller

A solar charge controlleris an electronic device thatcontrolsthe powersupplied tothe battery from the solarpanel. Thisensures that the deep cyclebattery isnotrechargedduringthedayandenergyisreturnedtothe solarpanel duringthenight so that the battery is not drained.Some charge controllers are available with additionalfeatureslikelightingandloadcontrol,butpower managementisthemainfocus.

Booster Pump

Boosterpumpsareusedtoincreasewaterpressure. Usuallytheosmoticpressureishigher.Purificationrequires thatwater flow fromahigh concentration toalow concentration.Therefore, in order to perform the reverse osmosis process, the high concentration lateralpressuremustbehigherthantheosmoticpressure.



Reverse Osmosis Membrane

Reverseosmosis(RO)isaspecialtypeoffiltrationthat usesasemipermeablemembranewithporessmallenough toallowpurewatertopassandrejectslargermoleculessuch as dissolved salts (ions) and other impurities. RO units purify waterbypassingitthrougha thin,semi permeable membranetoremovesuspendedanddissolvedimpurities andpollutants.

9001:2008

09 Issue:

Therearethreetypesoffiltersinastandardthreestages reverseosmosissystem.

Sedimentfilterthattrapslargerparticlessuspendedin water,suchasdirtandrust

The Carbon filter removes VOC, Chlorine and other smallcontaminantsfromwater.

Semi Permeable reverse osmosis membrane that removesvirtuallyallremainingimpurities

Storage Battery

Itisanessentialpartofthesystem.Solarradiationintensity varies from season to season as per the atmospheric condition. It protects the impurities pump from over the voltage by providing Constant voltage of 12V. It has an outputvoltageof12vandanoutputcurrentof5Amp.

Design Calculations

DESIGN SOLAR PARAMETERS

Thedesignsofpanelaremainlyasfollowswhichaffectsthe collectorpanelperformance.

Power for Application: Thepowerrequiredforaparticular applicationdirectlyaffectsthemanifoldpanel.Thelargerthe panelarea,thegreaterthepowerreceivedandthegreater thecost. The maximum power of this panel is 18W.

Angle of Latitude: Theangleoflatitudeistheangleatwhich the panel should he kept SO as to absorb maximum solar energy. The angle of latitude for any location is the angle between the equator plane of earth and line joining a particularpointonearth’ssurfaceandtheequatorialcenter ofearth.

For determining angle of latitude following procedure is adopted

1. Markallthethreepoints’i.e.

 Earth’scenterpoint

 Equatorialplaneline

 Location for which panel is to be designed on world map.

(IRJET)

ISSN: 2395 0056

ISSN: 2395 0072

2. Connecttheearthpointwithlocationpoint

3. Calculate the angle included between equatorial plane lineandearth’scenterpoint

As shown in the map for Wardha dist. It is equal to 200 thereforecollectorshouldbeplacedat 200 facing towards south.

Average Power Intensity

The average power intensity for any locality is the unit powercollectingperday.Referencetothemapshowsthe globalradiationofIndia.

ForVidarbha,

Averageglobalradiation=6.1KWh/sq.m.day

1KWh/sq.m.=3.6MJ/sq.m.day

Avg.globalradiation =6.1*3.6 = 21.96MJ/sq. i.e(21.96x106 ) / (24x60)=15250J/sq.m.mm 5250/60 =254J/sq.m.sec

U/sec =1W.

Therefore avg. global radiation = 254 W/sq.m.

Angle of Incidence : Itsdepends upontimeofdayalso the angleofsunraysmakeshorizontalSurfacemeasured w.r.t,

Asthesuntravelstheangulardistanceof1800 for12hrs.it travelsatanangularspeedof180/12= 150/hr

Theidealangleofincidenceistheanglewhichmakesthesun atangleofLatitude(Q)&incidence=900

Asangleoflatitude=Q=200

Ideal angle of incident = 900 - 200 =700

Area of Collector: Theareaofcollectormainlyinfluences the power generated by a collector. While designing it followingprocedureisfollowed

in=ibnxAxCOSǾ

Where,in=powerdeveloped

A=areaofcollector.

Ibn=Averagesolarintensity

Fig: RO Membrane

Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net

Asidealangleofincidenceis700

In=IbnxAxCOSǾ

6=254xAxcos70

ThereforeA=0.069066m

Consideritisarectangularpanelhavingsideratioas1:3

I2 =0.069066 =0.325m=32.5

B=3xI=47cm

Panel area = 32.5 x 47 =1527.5 cm2

Discharge of Water:

Q=AREAXVELOCITY

Nowarea=0.01x0.01=0.0001mm2

Nowfindvelocityofwaterthroughpipe,

Hf= (4xfxLxV2)/Areaofc/sx2g

Hf= differenceofpressurehead=4m

F=coefficientoffriction=0.009

L=totallengthofpipe= 10.0584 m

V=velocityofwater

4=(4 X 0.009 X 10.058 X V2) / 0.0001 x 2 x 9.8

V = 1.4721 m/s

Q=0.0001x1.4721

Q=0.000014721m3/s => Q = 0.01472 litre/s

V. RESULT

Thesystemforpurificationofwaterhasbeenbuiltusingthe mostaccessibleformofsourcethatissunlightwhichcanbe easily captured and accumulated through solar panels, costingnoelectricityorexternalenergy.Ontheotherhand, therestofthepartsisplayingtheirfunctiontoforwardthe processthroughmotorandfurtherfilteringthroughvarious filterpumpsandROmembranegettingridofnotonlydirt, algae,mineralsbutalsounwantedbacteria,viruses,etc.The designandeasetooperatemakesitmoreefficienttouseas wellasaffordableforall.

VI. CONCLUSION

e ISSN: 2395 0056

p ISSN: 2395 0072

2022,

Thismachineisthemostconvenientandaccessible forthedisinfectionofwaterwherepowersupplyandways to purify water is unmapped. The simple mechanism and integratedstructurerhythmicallyconvertsthesolarenergy throughmotorandassiststhefiltrationprocessdevoiding water from bacteria, insolubles, minerals and other unwantedvirusesgivingpotablewater.Itisinexpensiveand usessolar energyto purify abundantwater,soit can be usedanywherethereisnoelectricity.Thiscouldbeanarea forfutureresearchinthisera.ThistypeofWaterPurifieris not yet on the market. Therefore, We believe that if solar water purifier are effectively implemented by removing limitationssotheywillbeabletoattractcustomerfromall sectorlivinginurbanandruralareas.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We extend our special thankstoour projectguide Prof. SHAHID KHAN sir, the entire teaching faculty for their valuableguidanceandencouragement.

Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified

Fig: Solar based Water Purifier

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | Apr 2022 www.irjet.net

REFERENCES

[1] Dr.Prakash,Deepak Toppo,”Solar Energy Water PurificationSystem”InternationalJounralofPureand WaterAppliedMathematics,Volume119No.12,7863 7873.

[2]MohdShaikh,SantoshB.Waghmarean Sirajuddin,com Review Paper on Electricity Generation from Solar EnergyVolume5IzssueIX,September2017.

[3] International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology (IARJSET) National College, Ghaziabad Conference on Renewable Energy andEnvironment(NCREE 2015)IMSEngineering,Vol May2015.2,SpecialIssue1.

[4] E.K. Jacobsen,“Water Filtration”, Journal of Chemical Education,Vol.81,No.2,p.224A,2004

[5] Nimal, R.J.G.R., Hussain, J.H., Effect of deep cryogenic treatmentonEN24steel,InternationalJournalofPure andAppliedMathematics,V 116,I 17SpecialIssue,PP 113 116,2017

[6] Garud R. M. and Kulkarni G. S ‘’A Short Review on Process and Applications of Reverse Osmosis’’ Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology1(1),2011,233 238.

[7]Drake,Humanpoweredreverseosmosisforproducing Portable water for countries “Latin American and CaribeanConference”Aug 3 5,2011,1 6.

Factor value:

e ISSN: 2395 0056

p ISSN: 2395 0072

ISO 9001:2008