Modern and Upcoming Technological Trends in Automobile Industry

International Technology (IRJET)

e ISSN: 2395 0056

Modern and Upcoming Technological Trends in Automobile Industry

Mr. Aniruddh Singh1, Dr. Pallavi Deshpande2

1Student, IV semester, BBA (Email: aniruddhsingh1001@gmail.com)

Amity global Business School, Pune 411016 (Maharashtra) (India)

2Associate Professor (Email: pdeshpande@pun.amity.edu)

Abstract Varioussectorshaveexperiencedunprecedented growthasaresultofthecreativeintroductionofArtificial ofthesethethetakethemincorporationThisandTheinteractionmoreallfuture,greatlysystems,combinationmoreandArtificialVoyage,researchtechnologyWecatalthatproductionthemselvesdesire.withobjectivesareIntelligenceandMachineLearningtechnologies.BusinessesutilizingthesetechnologiestofulfiltheircorporateaswellascustomerhappinessbygivingthemavarietyofhighqualityalternativesinwhattheySimplysaid,technologyaidsfirmsindistinguishingfromtheircompetitorswhilealsoenhancingandefficiency.Manybusinessleadersbelievetheadventofnewbreakthroughtechnologywillbetheystforaparadigmchangeintheindustry.shallanalyzeandexplorepresentandforthcomingdevelopmentsintwofocusedsectorsinthispaper.AutomobilemanufacturerssuchasTesla,AutoX,andothersareemployingtechnologysuchasIntelligence,MachineLearning,BigDataAnalysis,otherstomaketheirvehiclesmorecomfortableandsuitedtothedemandsofitscustomers.Moreover,theofdatabasemanagementsystems,expertartificialintelligence,andtheInternetofThingshassimplifiedandalleviatedindustrialtasks.Inthetechnologicaladvancementswillhaveabigimpactonofthesebusinesses,astheywillnotonlymakethingsaccessible,butalsoenhancethetechnologyhumananduserexperience.aimofthispaperistohighlightandinterpretthecurrentupcomingtechnologicaltrendsinthesethreeindustries.paperalsoaimstoexamineandunderstandhowofthesetechnologiesintheseindustrieshelpachievetheirbusinessgoals,andhowthesebusinessesadvantageofthesetechnologiestotheirbestextent.AscategoryofthispaperisInformationTechnologicaltools,paper,ratherthanfocusingonthebusinessaspectsoftools,willbemorefocusedonthetechnologicalpartsvariousindustries.

1.INTRODUCTION

Tocreatecreativesolutions,theautomotiveindustryhasa fantastic combination of tech and industrial sector innovators.Withthedigitalizationcrazesweepingtheglobe, the automobile sector is gearing up for a major transformationin2021.Inthelastdecade,theindustryhas witnessed a lot of ups and downs. However, as more

technologyisadoptedinmanysectors,thecar businessis

accordingRs.(includingUnitedsectorbecomeandasthecircumstancesotherthelikeIfusagebranchesmobility.actors,salesbecausefewservices,automobilesCustomersaccess,CustomersdigitalCustomerbecausepreparingcapablebeindustrywithBecausetheusersage,theapproaches.moneycontinuallyprogressing,allowingindustrialiststoearnmoreandenduserstodiscovermorenoveldrivingFurthermore,asMcKinseypredictedin2016,carbusinessisprogressivelytransitioningtothefutureinwhichmanufacturerswillgeneratemoreincomeandwillenjoynoveldrivingsolutions.Inthelast10years,industryhasundergoneextraordinaryupsanddowns.oftheCovid19epidemic,2020wasaquietyear,fewpeoplepurchasingautomobiles.However,theisbeginningtorecover,givingeveryonereasontooptimistic.They'vebecomemorestreamlined,safer,andofreachingfasterspeeds.Theautomobilesectorisforamassivetransformationinupcomingyears,totheworld'srapiddigitization.experienceisbeingelevatedtonewheightsbybehemothslikeNetflix,Amazon,andBooking.com.havegrownusedtoclearpricing,oneclickandquickdeliveryacrossonlineandphysicalvenues.expectthesamethingfromautos.Sellingattransparentrates,oneclickaccesstoincarandmakingseamlessonlineofflinetripsarejustaexamples.Themarket'snewcomersaresucceedingtheyaredevelopingcustomercentricbusinessandapproaches.AccordingtoasurveyofsuchnewmarkettheydonotseektoofferautomobilesbutratherTheautomobilesector,aswellasthedomain'ssubthatfallunderitsumbrella,canbenefitfromtheofsuchinnovativeanduserfriendlytechnology.wemoveovertothecurrentindustrialpositionings,China,otherindustries,leadsinthevehiclesector,followedbyUnitedStatesandJapan.Theautomobilesector,onthehand,ischangingwiththepassageoftimeandsuchasdemandforautosectorproductsandnation'saverageage.Since2019,Indiahasrankedfourththeworld'slargestvehiclemarket,surpassingGermany,forecastsindicatethatitwillsoonovertakeJapantothethirdlargestmarket.Chinawillleadthecarby2030,accordingtothesources,followedbytheStatesandIndia.TheIndianautomobilesectorcomponentmanufacturing)ispredictedtoreach16.1618.18trillion(US$251.4282.8billion)by2026,toIBEFestimates.

Volume: 09 Issue: 03 | Mar 2022 www.irjet.net ISSN: 2395 0072 9001:2008

1.1 Artificial Intelligence in Automobile

Artificialintelligence(AI)isatechnologythatcombinesdata and algorithms to mimic human decision making and reasoning abilities. Artificial intelligence adoption in the automobilebusinessislowerthanintheFinancialServices, ICT,Retail,andHealthcaresectors. Theautomobilesector may be classified as "new adopters" in terms of AI technologyadoptionandapplication.Artificialintelligence hasawiderangeofapplicationsintheautomobileindustry. AI is now being used in the automobile industry, in areas such as design, supply chain, production, and post production. Furthermore, AI is being used in 'driving assistance' and 'driver risk assessment' systems, which is revolutionizing the transportation industry. Artificial intelligenceisalsorevolutionizingaftermarketservicessuch as predictive maintenance and insurance. The automobile sectorisnowundergoingamassiveupheaval.Tokeepone step ahead of their market competition, ambitious manufacturers have begun incorporating sophisticated technologyintotheirproductsandoperations.

Automotive Value chain Contains three areas where AI is applied.Thisincludespartslike:

Manufacturing

ServiceTransportation

Manufacturing

With the aid of artificial intelligence (AI), robots are acquiring automobile manufacturing skills (design, part wearableInExamplecustomers.downtimecanflawspeopleworkflows,drivenableExoskeletons;AIapplicationsmanufacture,andassembly).Artificialintelligence(AI)offersacrosstheautomobilefactoryfloor.Currently,assistspeopleinthedevelopmentofautomobilesutilizinginthefuture,theseAIpoweredrobotswillbetocontroltheentirefactory.AutomakersmayutilizeAIsystemstoestablishtimetablesandmanageallowingrobotstosafelyoperatealongsideonfactoryfloorsandassemblylines,anddetectingincomponentsthatgointocarsandtrucks.Theseskillsassistfirmsminimizeproductionlinecostsandwhilealsoprovidingbetterfinalproductstoofthisincludes:itsNorthAmericanfactory,HyundaidebutedAIpoweredrobots.

 Hyundai conducted a North American production testoftheHyundaiChairlessExoskeleton(H CEX) inOctober2018.

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UsingroboticandAItechnologies,thebusinesshas createdwearablerobots,servicerobots,andmicro mobility.Robotstochargeelectricautomobilesand robotstosellautosareamongthecompany'splans.

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The plant's productivity will be improved by the exoskeleton.Thiswillassisttoreducetirednessby 80percentbyloweringtheutilizationofwaistand lowerbodymuscles.

TheOTTOmotorsAI poweredmaterialhandlingsystemwas introduced.

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OttoMotors,aUS basedstart up(partofClearpath Robotics) introduced an intelligent material deliveryvehicleforindustrial facilitiesinOctober 2016. To man oeuvre autonomously around a manufacturingplant,anintelligentvehicleusesAI (Self learningTechnology).

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Thecompany'sself drivingcarisbeingupdatedon a regular basis. It released a self driving material handlingtruckwithapayloadof750kgin2018.

capacityThisvehicleincreasedmanufacturingfacilityoutputwhilereducingaccidents.

Transportation

The transportation industry is being transformed by artificial intelligence. AI is currently playing an important part in driver aid technology and is widely deployed in modern automobiles. Tesla currently offers level 2 autonomous vehicles, with plans to introduce level 4/5 autonomousvehiclesbytheendof2020.AImaybeusedto monitoradriver'seyetoseeifheorsheisnappingorweary. AI systems alert drivers to hazardous road conditions, monitorblindspotsinthedriver'sview,assistwithsteering, andtakeautomatedactionstohelpvehiclesavoidaccidents anddangeroussituations,thankstoadvanceddriver assist features, many of which are available in today's cars and

Exampletrucks.

ofthisincludes:

Tesla'sModelSautomobilenowhasautopilotfunctionality.

Tesla's 'Autopilot Driver Assistance System' with autopilot functionality for its Model S automobile wasreleasedinOctober2015.

Thebusinessisconstantlyupgradingitssoftwarein order to increase self driving capability and passenger safety. Aside from that, the business created AI chips in house to boost the car's performanceandsafety.

NEXYAD created software that assesses driving danger in realtime.

The business created an AI powered solution in 2016thatcalculatesareal timeriskassessmentof thedriver.

potentiallyandTheprogramcalculatestherisk20timespersecondalertsthedriverinordertopreventadangeroussituation. Services

Artificialintelligence(AI)hasthepotentialtoplayakeyrole inaftermarketservicing.ManyAIappsnowforecastengine performance,betterbatterylife,andotherissuesthatmay arise in the future. Furthermore, several AI powered insurance companies provide consumers with speedy services,suchasinsuranceandclaimsettlements.AIcanalso assist in the prediction of automotive component failures. This allows production processes to operate at peak efficiency,savingtimeandmoneyinthelongterm.

Automotive solutions based on AI and Deep Learning can provide a wealth of useful in car analytics. Cameras and infraredsensorscanpreciselymonitorthedriver'sactivity andsendoutwarningmessagestopreventaccidents.

Road conditions may also be detected in real time by AI powered vehicle applications, allowing drivers to be movement,driverAnotherwillthatvehicles.activelyGoogleminimizetransportationForbringingtechnologyMercedestravelgasSelfasraceyears,AutonomoustechnicalusesreplacementCA)maintenancePrediiExamplewhereThisandinformedofconstructionwork,accidents,speedrestrictions,roadclosuresbeforetheybegintheirjourney.informationisespeciallyusefulforcommutersincitiestrafficcongestionandroadworksarecommon.ofthisincludes:isaplatformthatusesartificialintelligencetoforecastneeds.In2017,Predii(anAIsoftwarefirmlocatedinPaloAlto,launchedanintelligentplatformforautomobilepartandmaintenance.Forcarrepairandmaintenance,thisintelligentplatformpastservicedata(suchasserviceorders,IoTdata,andmanuals).vehicleshavebeenmorepopularinrecentandwithgoodreason:mostautomakersregardthetoLevel4vehicleautonomy(highdrivingautomation)criticaltotheirfuturesuccessinthemobilityindustry.drivingtechnologyisprojectedtoreducegreenhouseemissions,thenumberofaccidents,transportationandtimeandexpenses,amongotherthings.TheBenzSClassof2021comeswithallofthenecessaryforLevel4(defactoselfdriving),thislevelofautonomyclosertoreality.navigationandcontrol.Tomakedaytodayeasier,autonomouscarsaredesignedtotheneedforhumandrivers.Uber,Tesla,andareamongthemajorindustrycompanieswhoareattemptingtoimprovethereliabilityofautonomousWiththepresentrateofdevelopment,itisexpectedmoreapplicationswillbeinvestigated,andinvestmentsbemadeinthenextyears.AIapplicationthathassparkedalotofattentionismonitoring.Analysisofadriver'svitalsigns,eyeandbehaviortodetermineattentivenessand

othercharacteristicsmighthelppreventaccidents,makingit amajorfieldofresearchanddevelopmentforautomakers. Asidefromreal timeriskassessment,AIcanalsoaidinthe development of predictive maintenance in future automobiles. As AI becomes more commonly used, new applications for this smart technology in the mobility industryareexpectedtoemerge.

(Figure 1 FutureAIinautomotivevaluechain,Source:BridgeAnalysisandInsight)

1.2 Machine Learning and Data Science in Automobile

Machinelearning (ML) is most commonly connected with theapptargets.judgmentsmanufacturersormaintenance,acquiredvehicle'sAdvancedbusinessautomobileprinciplemachinecustomers.returnsfrommarketingforinvehicles.datagoesenergydrivingproductadvancementsintheautomobilesector,suchasselfvehicles,parkingandlanechangeaid,andsmartsystems.MachinelearningandDatascienceusuallyhandinhandduetotheirnature,datascienceandbiganalysisisnecessarywhendealingwithautonomousThehugechunksofdatafromthecarsarecollectedthedatabasewheretheyareanalyzedandbecomehelpfulcarstorunsafelyonroad.However,whenitcomestofunctionmachinelearninghaveahugeimpact,howautomotivemarketerssettargetsandanalyzeoninvestmentstohowtheycommunicatewithForsmartmarketingeffortsacrosssectors,learningissettobecomeasmuchanorganizationalasananalyticelement.Thisisespeciallytrueintheindustry,whichisacapitalintensive,hightechthathasbeendrivenbycompetition.dataanalyticsinformsvariouschoicesduringalifecyclewhenhugedataisgenerated.Thedatafromthecarsisusedtoqualifypredictivewarnauthoritiesintheeventofanemergencyanaccident,andnotifyfleetmanagement.CarcanusepredictiveanalysistomakeabouttheiryearlysalepurchasesandproductionAdditionally,clientautomobiledataisusedbythetooptimizesupplychains,drivemoresales,andimproveproductdesignofimpendingnewvehicles.

Exampleofthis Industrialincludes:Analytics

In the manufacturing value chain,analyticshasshowntobeaverystrongtool. Itiscriticaltoevaluateandgatherdatafrommany functionsacrosstheindustriallifecycleinorderto fullyexploitthepromiseofdatascience. This means that having an end to end analytics approach that includes workforce analytics, asset/inventory management, and operational planningiscriticalforcreatinginsights.

VehicleMaintenanceRecommendations Machine learning algorithms may be used to deliver forecaststheyregularlearningspecificfriction,example,Theoccurrences.issuetodevelopingvehiclemaintenancerecommendationsdrivers.Itispossibletoforecastwhenaneventorwilloccuragainbasedonpreviousdataacquiredbyavehicle'ssensors,formightsuggestprogressiveoverheating,ornoise.Thesefaultsmayalsocauseacarparttofailinthefuture.Themachinesystemtrackstheseoccurrencesonabasisandanalysesthefrequencywithwhichoccur.Basedonthedata,italsoproperlywhenthevehicleoritemwillbreakdown.

 UsageofdatascienceinAutomotiveLifecycle

The Model T was introduced in 1908 and has remained popularbecausetoitslowcost,durability,adaptability,and easeofmaintenance.Itiscreditedwith"settingtheglobeon wheels," bringing global mobility to the masses through manufacturing efficiency at a cost that the typical person couldafford.

The automobile sector is still on the cutting edge of technology and is revolutionizing how people move from pointAtopointBtoday.Thesignificantdifference,according to Michael Crabtree, Lead Data Scientist at Ford Motor Company,andinstructorofourcourseCreditRiskModeling inPython,isthatitsinnovationisnowdrivenbydatascience rather than manufacturing, as he explained in a recent webinar.

“Innovation at Ford is now driven by data science not manufacturing.”[1]

Data science is scaling mobility for lower income areas today, just like the industrial scalability of the Model T deliveredmobilitytothepublicover100yearsago.Itmakes transportation more accessible without imposing a large ownership cost, and it is facilitating this transition for everyone,regardlessofclass,gender,orability.

Optimizationalgorithms,forexample,cansupplycompanies withenergy efficienttruckstoserviceruralpopulationsfor everything from Amazon deliveries to plumbing and food deliveries.Vehiclesthataiddifferentlyabledpopulationsare

being developed in collaboration with data scientists and reliabilityengineers.

Data science is scaling mobility for lower income areas today, just like the industrial scalability of the Model T deliveredmobilitytothepublicover100yearsago.Itmakes transportation more accessible without imposing a large ownershipcost,anditfacilitatesthistransitionforeveryone, regardlessofclass,genderorability,optimizationalgorithm, for example, can supply companies with energy efficient trucks to service rural populations for everything from amazondeliveriestoplumbingandfooddeliveries.Vehicles thataiddifferentabledpopulationare beingdeveloped in collaborationwithdatascientistsandreliabilityengineers.

Integration of Data science and DBMS in Automotiveindustry

Because of the maturity and breadth of the automotive sector,thereareseveralchancesforfirmstorebuildaround

chunklevelrequired.automobileeverytransactithanFordVolumeamongautonomouslinkdatacontainingTheyfrequentlyautomobileatotabulardataOnedata.applicationmanagesdatafromseveraldatasystemsandkinds.Manydatascientistsareusedtoworkingwithdata,whichisdataorganizedinatablestylesimilarExcel.Automotivedatascientists,ontheotherhand,haveconsiderablywiderrangeofdatatoworkwith.Inthesector,forexample,rawinstrumentationdataisrecordedasastreamofhexadecimalnumbers.mayalsocomeacrossphotosandsensorpointcloudsdatafromintelligencesystems.Anautomotivescientistcouldmergepointcloudswithsensordataandittoacollectionoftablestodeterminewhyancarperformsaspecificwayandhowitdiffersvehicletypes.isanotherpossibility:Michael'slargestdatabaseathas80billionrecordsandrespondstorequestsinless10seconds!Theautomobileindustry'srealtimeandonalsystemshandleabout150millionrecordsday.Becausethereissomuchdatacreatedintheindustry,relativelybigdataclustersareDataclustersinthepetabyte(milliongigabytes)arecommonintheautomobilesector,whichisahugeofdata!

Data Science’s involvement in Product Development

Before a carmay besoldto a consumer,there are several stagesthatmustbecompleted.Intheautomobileindustry, datasciencebeginswithproductdevelopment.Datascience isusedtoanalyzeoriginalmodelconfigurationsandmodel component part dependability, among other things. Data science supports the process by simulating and analyzing dataatscale,ratherthandevelopingcomponentsandtesting ateachlevelasaseparatesystem.

DataSciencedrivesmanufacturingprocess

Data scientists in the automotive industry also guarantee that only high quality automobiles are marketed. While engineers are capable of verifying each car's quality, this mustbedoneonacase by casebasisforeachvehicle.Data scientists can examine a large number of parts, suppliers, and test results. They examine suppliers' financial performance, estimate their capacity to deliver on time based on previous performance, and verify the economic conditions of supplier regions using econometrics and Exampleregressions.ofthis

includes:ProconAnalytics

Procon Analytics is a firmestablishedintheUnitedStatesthatusesbig datatodeliveranautomobilefinancesolution.The servicecollectsandinspectsmillionsofdatapoints inrealtime,allowinglenderstoaccessthemquickly andreducerisk.BuyHerePayHere(BHPH)dealers canusethiscorporationtodeveloptheircompanies andextendfinancingtohigh riskconsumers.Italso offers software solutions for asset and fleet tracking,aswellaslinkedvehicles.

Unit8 Unit8 is a Swiss business that provides digital solutions in a variety of sectors utilizing analytics and big data. In the case of automotive, the firm develops a predictive model that motivates automakers to improve marketing or operations, ultimately increasing revenue. Thesemodelsalsoprovideinformationonproductpricing, construction,andafter salessupport.

1.3 Blockchain technology and IoT in Automotive Industry

Bitcoinandcryptocurrencieshavelongbeenconnectedwith blockchain technology. As we see many more industry participants adopting blockchain and its limitless possibilities,thismindsetisfastdissipating.Theautomobile sector is not far behind in realizing blockchain's full potential. On the other hand, Internet of Things (IoT) has openedupnewopportunitiesforcarmakersandpurchasers all around the world. IoT in the automobile industry has become a key hotspot for a variety of multi purpose applications,withuseatbothanindustrialandcommercial level. The Internet of Things applications have made a significant impact on the worldwide automobile business, fromlinkedcarstoautomatedtransportationsystems.

Before we explore the functions and applications of these technologiesintheindustry,letsfirstunderstandwhatthese technologies are. Starting with the Blockchain, it is a decentralized database that is shared across computer network nodes. A blockchain acts as a database, storing information in a digital format. Blockchains are well recognizedfortheircriticalfunctioninkeepingasecureand decentralized record of transactions in cryptocurrency

systems like Bitcoin. The blockchain's novelty is that it ensurestheaccuracyandsecurityofadatarecordwhilealso generatingtrustwithouttherequirementforatrustedthird party.Thestructureofthedataonablockchaindiffersfrom thatofatraditionaldatabase.Ablockchainorganizesdata into groupings called blocks, each of which contains a collectionofdata.Blockshavespecificstoragecapabilities, andwhenthey'refull,they'reclosedandconnectedtothe preceding block, producing a data chain known as the blockchain.Alladditionalinformationaddedafterthatnewly added block is compiled into a new block, which is then addedtothechainafteritisfilled.

Ontheotherside,TheInternetofThings(IoT)isanetwork of physical items that have sensors, software, and other technologies integrated in them for the purpose of communicating and sharing data with other devices and systems through the internet. These devices range in complexityfromcommonhouseholditemstosophisticated industrialinstruments.Expertspredictthatby2020,there willbemorethan10billionlinkedIoTdevices,andby2025, therewillbe22billion.

IoThasemergedasoneofthemostimportanttechnologies ofthetwenty firstcenturyinrecentyears.Nowthatwecan linkcommonobjectstotheinternetviaembeddeddevices, includingaskitchenappliances,vehicles,thermostats,and baby monitors, seamless communication between people, processes,andthingsisconceivable.

Physicalthingscanexchangeandgatherdatawithminimum humaninteractionthankstolow costcomputers,thecloud, bigdata,analytics,andmobiletechnologies.Digitalsystems can record, monitor, and alter each interaction between linked items in today's hyperconnected environment. The physicalanddigitalworldscollide,yettheyworktogether.

Nowthatweknowwhatthesetechnologiesarelet’sseewhy theyarehelpfulinautomobileindustry.

UsesofIoTinAutomobileindustry

Intheenormousautomobilesector,theInternetofThings enables for safe interactions between vehicles and their infrastructural components. This technology contributes significantlytoincreasingroadsafety,decreasingpollution, alleviatingtrafficcongestion,andconservingenergythrough better fleet management. Emerging corporations and startups have created improved sensing technology to collectvehicledata.Italsoallowstheautomobiletograsp andunderstanditsenvironment.Themostappealingaspect ofEnterpriseMobilityAppDevelopmentisthatitautomates tollandfuelpayments.

The data obtained through IoT may be used to provide excellent value added services to drivers via in car apps. Real timedrivingdatamaybeusedtoprovideinformation innavigationappsthatinformsdriverstopotentialdangers such as traffic hazards, poor road conditions, and so on.

Exampledistribution,whichcarAutomakers,ontheotherhand,musthandleandmanageinsoftwareassetsinareasonableandlogicalmanner,includesthoroughtesting,correctsoftwareandtrackingthedeploymenttoretainarecord.ofthisincludes:EcoG:EcoGisbasedintheUnitedStatesandGermany.It'safirmthatprovidesanInternetofThingsbasedoperatingplatformandsystemforEVcharging.ThestartupprovidesmanufacturerswithanumberoftechnologiesthatenablemaintainingandexpandingEVcharginginfrastructurequick,easy,andscalable.Italsoallowsoperatorstointegratemicroservicesandservicesintochargers,makingthechargingprocessmoreeconomical.Furthermore,thesolutioniscompatiblewithanyEVcharger.KonnectShift:ItisaCanadianfirmthatprovidesInternetofThings(IoT)solutionstoimproveandorganizeassetandfleetmanagement.ThestarterworksinconjunctionwiththeKonnectGSO1automatedelectronicloggingdevice(ELD)totrackthevehicle'shealthinrealtime.Thesolutionincludesroutedesignanddevelopmentforadvancedandcuttingedgeanalytics,aswellasrealtimedispatchtoprovidewarningsaboutcars,fuel,driving,andmaintenance,reducingdowntimeandenhancingdrivermanagementapplications.

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components are acquired from reliable, safe, and legal BMW,sources.GM,

andFord,amongotherwell knownautomobile manufacturers,havealreadyplacedsignificantinvestments onblockchaintechnology.Ford,forexample,isworkingto improveairqualityinEurope.

Vehiclesaregrowingintomuchmorethanjustvehiclesof transportation.Inthetwenty firstcentury,carsaremobile data centers with embedded sensors and disruptive technologies that collect vehicle data. By delivering more secure,traceabletransactionsandimprovedaccesstoand openness of information, blockchain has the potential to promote trust and collaboration among enterprises, customers, and even automobiles. It's no surprise that automakersarepayingattentiontoblockchainandinvesting strategically in the technology. While blockchain has the abilitytodisruptthestatusquoonitsown,ithasevenmore promisewhenintegratedwiththeInternetofThings(IoT), artificialintelligence(AI),andbigdata.

Herearesomeexamplesofblockchain'sapplicationinthe automobileindustry:

Insurance: The blockchain might be used to completely verifyandsafeguardvehiclemileages,allowingdriverswho don'tdriveoftentohavereducedinsurancerates.

Uses of Blockchain technology in Automotive industry

Bitcoinandcryptocurrencieshavelongbeenconnectedwith blockchain technology. As we see many more industry participants adopting blockchain and its limitless possibilities,thismindsetisfastdissipating.Theautomobile sector is not far behind in realizing blockchain's full

Thepotential.blockchain

technology has made information more secure and difficult to alter, hack, or cheat. It alters the procedures of the company. It enables connectivity and sharedmobilitysolutionssuchasurbantransit,ride hailing, anddeliverytosharevehicledatathroughasecurenetwork. It'salsoemployedintheverificationprocesstoboostback partsFurthermore,transit,connectivitysector.Blockchainsfuture.blockchainofficeproductivityandsupplychainefficiency.TheimpactofonthecarindustryisexpectedtogrowinthehaveawiderangeofusesintheautomobileSharingvehicledatatoasecurenetworktoallowandsharedmobilitysolutionssuchasurbanridehailing,anddeliveryarejustafewexamples.blockchainfindsuseinvalidatingthesparesupplychain,guaranteeingthattherawmaterialsor

Carsharing:Anoriginalequipmentmanufacturerprovides vehiclesonatimesharebasis(OEM).Tripsareloggedonthe blockchain, and transactions between owners, operators, and third party service providers are resolved promptly usingasingle source,usage basedpaymentsystem.

Payments: E contracts are a valuable commodity that blockchainenablessincetheyallowfordirect,securemoney transfersfromabuyertoasellerwithouttheuseofabank orother Personalintermediaries.information:Driver

informationmaybestoredon the blockchain safely and securely, allowing a carsharing vehicletobeinstantlypersonalizedtoauser'spreferences, suchasseat,mirror,temperature,andradiosettings.

Fleetownerscantrackthepositionofalloftheircarsand staffusingRFIDtagsanddatastoredintheblockchain.This mightcontributetotimeanddistancesavings,especiallyin thepackagedeliverybusiness.

Traceability:Inthesupplychain,blockchainmaybeusedto verifythesourceofmaterialsusedintheconstructionofa car, all the way down to the raw material as soon as it is recoveredfromthemine.

VehicleRecallsandHistory:Acar'sVINmaybestoredonthe blockchain, which means that whenever a recall is issued, ownersoftheexactvehiclesaffectedbytheproblemwillbe

alerted,savingmanufacturersmoneyandinconveniencing Autonomousdrivers.

Cars: For autonomous vehicles to be safe, massivevolumesofdatamustbeprocessed,evaluated,and sentsafelyandquickly.Theblockchainprovidesasafeand reliablemethodofdoingso.

Servicing: A car's service history may be kept on the blockchainwithasimpleQRcodescan,andthetechnology can be used to verify that only authentic OEM supplied componentsareutilizedforrepairsorreplacements.

Blockchainmaygiveanothermeanstooptimizethebenefits of self driving, connected, and electric cars (EV) as the automobile industry works toward these technologies. Supply chain, financial services, and the safe, secure exchangeofdriverorpassengerdataappeartobethemost idealusecases.

Therearestillissuestosortoutbecausetoitsimmaturity, butwiththedegreeofinvestmentfromacrosstheindustry, blockchainhasthepotentialtocausesignificantupheaval.To win,youhavetobeinit,muchlikeearlyBitcoininvestors, andwe'llbewaitingtoseewhogoesall inonthetechnology.

Exampleofthisincludes:CubeIntelligence:

Cube Intelligence is a Britishfirmthatisworkingonablockchain based security platform for autonomous vehicles. Hash codes are used to prevent malicious attacks or hacking attempts on autonomous vehicles and connected vehicles. The device captures data on emissions and mobility in real time. In addition, cubeintelligenceequipsAVswithvaletparkingand ride hailing services, as well as smart parking management

DAV:systems.Itisan

Israeli firm that offers a blockchain baseddecentralizedautonomousvehicle platform. This platform allows Autonomous Vehicles to find other AVs, clients, and service providers in their immediate vicinity. Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication takes place on the blockchain via smart contracts or off block using DAV protocols. This company, on the other hand, creates drone flight planning protocols, charging networks,andopenmobility.

(Figure 2- BlockchaininAutomotiveindustry,msrcosmos insight)

The blockchain technology has made information more secure and difficult to alter, hack, or cheat. It alters the procedures of the company. It enables connectivity and sharedmobilitysolutionssuchasurbantransit,ride hailing, anddeliverytosharevehicledatathroughasecurenetwork. It'salsoemployedintheverificationprocesstoboostback

allearlysignificantacrossitsidealexchangeSupplyautomobileofBlockchainfuture.blockchainofficeproductivityandsupplychainefficiency.Theimpactofonthecarindustryisexpectedtogrowinthemaygiveanothermeanstooptimizethebenefitsselfdriving,connected,andelectriccars(EV)astheindustryworkstowardthesetechnologies.chain,financialservices,andthesafe,secureofdriverorpassengerdataappeartobethemostusecases.Therearestillissuestosortoutbecausetoimmaturity,butwiththedegreeofinvestmentfromtheindustry,blockchainhasthepotentialtocauseupheaval.Towin,youhavetobeinit,muchlikeBitcoininvestors,andwe'llbewaitingtoseewhogoesinonthetechnology.(

Figure 3- Cubeintelligenceblockchaintokenplan, Cubeint.io)

1.4 Future Technological Trends in Automotive Industry

Tocreatecreativesolutions,theautomotiveindustryhasa fantasticconfluenceoftechandindustrialsectordisruptors. With the digitalization craze sweeping the globe, the automobilesectorisgearingupforamajortransformation in2021.Inthelastdecade,theindustryhaswitnessedalot ofupsanddowns.However,asmoretechnologyisadopted inmanysectors,thecarbusinessiscontinuallyprogressing, allowingindustrialiststoearnmoremoneyandend usersto discovermorenoveldrivingapproaches.

Apartfromthefactthattheyhavefourwheelsandsteering, most characteristics of current automobiles are nearly automobileatthanksdrivingAutomobilesthanautos,increaseusertechnicalunrecognizablefromtheoriginalgoods.Theincorporationofadvancementsmakesautomobilessaferandmorefriendly,aswellasaddingvariousfeaturesthattheirworthanduseforcarowners.Contemporarylikemoderncellphones,arecapableofmuchmoremerelygettingyoufromoneplacetoanother.maynowsuccessfullyintegrateautonomousandaccidentavoidance,amongotherfeatures,totheadvancementofdigitaltechnology.So,letslooksomeofthefuturetechnologieswhichislikelytodrivetheindustrytoabetterandsustainablefuture.

 HydrogenFuelcelltechnologyforautomobiles

Fuelcellelectricvehiclesareexpectedtomaketheirofficial debutin2022.Whilethetechnologyhasbeenaroundfora long time (the notion was originally demonstrated in the early 1800s), more strict emission control requirements wererequiredtotrulydevelopinnovationintheindustry. Usinghydrogenasafuelsourcemighthelpachieveglobal environmental goals: fuel cell powered electric vehicles chargefaster,havealongereffectiverange,andonlyrelease water as a byproduct of their operation. Of course, the infrastructuretorefuelthesevehiclesisstilllargelyabsent, but policymakers in the United Kingdom, the European Union,andthroughouttheworldaremakingheadway.Cars liketheToyotaMirai,whichwasoneofthefirstcommercial deployments of fuel cell technology in a mass produced vehicle, are supposed to pave the way for this clean technology; we'll see if 2022 is the year it ultimately succeeds.

 ExperimentationwithAugmentedrealityandvoice controlledvirtual assistant

Automobile manufacturers have been playing with the concept of putting Augmented Reality in their vehicles, suggestingthatAR basedwindowdisplaysmightincrease safety. In fact, many models set to be released in 2022 alreadyincludeaugmentedreality(AR)featuresthatshow vital driving data and navigation information onto the windscreen.Youmayturnyourwindshieldintoascreenfor showing information to the user using augmented reality. TheHUDmaydisplaypertinentinformationsuchascurrent

weather,speed,gasmileage,RPM,andspeed,amongother things. Drivers can follow directions without taking their eyesofftheroadthankstonavigationtechnologythatuses holographic symbols. Meanwhile, advances in technology like as NLP (Natural Language Processing) paired with AI enable the usage of voice controlled virtual assistants in automobiles to conduct simple activities such as making phonecalls,playingmusic,andaddingdrivinginstructions without taking their eyes off the road. Apart from conventional carmakers, technology firms such as Google andApple(whoseAndroidAutoandCar playproductsare already in cars) are also introducing voice activated technologiestoautomobiles.

Electrificationofautomotivevehicles

Automobile owners may save one third on transportation costs by using electric vehicles instead of conventional gasoline. Hybrid automobiles and cars that operate on alternative fuels are examples of technological advancements in the automobile industry. Due to rising gasoline prices, electric automobiles are getting a lot of traction all around the world. According to research, the number of electric charging platforms would significantly expand in the summer of 2020. Because to mass manufacture and outsourcing of parts, vehicles are more affordableandwidelyavailablethanatanyotherperiodin history.Theglobalpopulation'spercapitaincomeisrising, while the cost of automobiles is falling, resulting in a significant increase in demand for automobiles across the world.Thegasesarearesultoffossilfuelburningandare detrimentaltoalllivingthingsaswellastheenvironment.

Thecarindustryisbettingonbatteriesforthefuture.Ina worldwideracetoprofitfromemission freeelectricvehicles, governmentagencies,investors,andcarmakersarepouring money into battery development. According to the Indian Brand Equity Foundation, EV sales in India, excluding E rickshaws, increased by 20% in FY20, reaching 1.56 lakh units powered by two wheelers. The growing reliance on fossilfuels,aswellastheenvironmentaldamagecausedby theirusage,hasalteredtheautomobileindustry'sviewpoint. Furthermore, it has placed a strong focus on electric cars

According(EVs).

to statistics, autos account for 15% of carbon emissions,causingpossiblypermanentenvironmentalharm anddepletingfossilfuelsources.Electricautomobilesusea better level of energy efficiency and lower fuel usage to overcometheseissues.Eventhoughelectricvehicleshave limits,theiracceptanceandimplementationinthesectoris still consequencesWithfleetchargingsolutionscontroversial.Electriccarmanufacturersshouldprovideforissuessuchasbatterylife,affordability,infrastructure,renewableenergycharging,andelectrification.humancausedclimatechangehavingnegativefortheenvironment,everybusinessisshifting

tomoreenvironmentallyfriendlytechnologies.Theuseof fossil fuels contributes significantly to environmental degradation, and governments all over the world are enacting tough emission standards. Emissions may be usereduceddramaticallybychangingyourlifestyleandhowyouyourcars.

3Dprintingintegrationwithmanufacturingprocess

Withtherisingdemandfornewcarsandreplacementparts in the auto industry, manufacturers and end users are always striving for newer, better performing vehicles, necessitating the optimization of production and the streamlining of supply chains and logistics. All of these objectives and problems are being met thanks to 3D technology. It's been looked into in every aspect of the automobile industry. It's utilized for more than just quick prototyping;it'salsousedtomaketoolsandendparts.

providersautomobileacquisitionsFurthermore,world.transformyearstechnologies.providethemethodsresearchersdemandEverymanufacturing.instrengtharemaythabatteryeverorderdesiredforAMelectricautomakersasheadlights,EngineAMadditivesecondalreadyTheuseof3Dprintingtoproduceproductioncomponentsiscommonplaceintheautomobilesector,whichisonlytoaerospaceandmilitaryinitsutilizationofmanufacturing(AM).Intoday'scars,awiderangeofmanufacturedpartsareincludedintothetotalassembly.components,gears,gearboxes,brakecomponents,bodykits,bumpers,fueltanks,grills,andfenders,wellasframeconstruction,areallincluded.Someareevenprintingwholebodyworkforlittlevehicles.willbeespeciallyimportantintermsofweightreductionthedevelopingEVindustry.Whilethishasalwaysbeenforclassicinternalcombustionengine(ICE)carsintoimprovefueleconomy,itisnowmorecrucialthanbecauselowerweightmayresultinsignificantlylongerlifebetweencharges.Furthermore,batteryweightisdisadvantagewithEVs,withbatteriesaddingoveraousandpoundstoamidsizedEV.AutomotivecomponentsbedevelopedexpresslyforAMfabricationsothattheysubstantiallylighterandhaveafarbetterweighttoratio.Ratherthanusingmetals,almosteveryitemeverytypeofvehiclemaynowbemadelighterviaAMyear,theautomobileindustryexperiencesaboominforbreakthroughtechnology.Industrialistsandaredevelopingcuttingedgemanufacturingtosuittheseneeds.CarmanufacturersallaroundglobeareemployingnumerousapproachesinordertoendconsumerswiththebestandmostcreativeTheautoindustrywillbegreetedinthenextbyaslewofnewtechnologicaladvancesthatwillthelandscapeoftheindustrythroughouttheadditionalcollaborations/partnershipsandarepredictedinthefutureacrossthesector,withOEMsinvolvingtechnologyandothervaluechainorganizationstostay

competitive.Thisismostlytopreventnewplayers/entities from gaining an advantage early on. With driverless automobiles, improved infotainment systems, and driver risk assessment, AI is changing the mobility sector. Traditionalautomakersmustconsiderhowtoincreasetheir revenue share in the future car industry. At the moment, technology corporations are leading the charge, utilizing theirAIexpertise(fromestablishedindustriessuchasICT) toseizetheautonomousvehiclemarket.

3. CONCLUSIONS

Theautomobileindustryisapproachinganewage,withthe needtotransitiontoanaltogethernewproductbasedona completeshiftinmobilitypropulsion.Becauseoftheevident need to cut carbon emissions and counteract global warming, the transition from ICE to EV cars is being enforced. To tackle the challenge of designing and manufacturingthenextgenerationofelectricvehicles,the automotive industry is adopting developing AI and AM science and technology, as well as the application of the digitaltwin.Othersectorsmightbenefitfromfollowingthe carindustry'sleadinemployingtechnologyandscienceto bringtheirbusinessesintothetwenty firstcentury.

Therearestillissuestosortoutbecausetoitsimmaturity, butwiththedegreeofinvestmentfromacrosstheindustry, technology like blockchain has the potential to cause significantupheaval.Towin,youhavetobeinit,muchlike earlyBitcoininvestors,andwe'llbewaitingtoseewhogoes all in on the technology. Blockchain technology may give another means to optimize the benefits of self driving, connected,andelectriccars(EV)astheautomobileindustry works toward these technologies. Supply chain, financial services, and the safe, secure exchange of driver or passenger data appear to be the most ideal use cases. Moreover, if we talk about technological integration in automobile industry, we can easily conclude that the industry is particularly obstructed by various advanced technologiesthatwillalsobuildandreformtheindustry’s

Additionally,future.

AI based automated inspections, big data to impact design and manufacturing, and human machine interfaces are all helping automakers redefine their processes.MachineintelligenceandtheInternetofThings, two new or future developments in the car industry, are boosting demand for electrified and self driving automobiles. It's also potential to create new business models in shared car ownership, analytics driven maintenance, safety enhancements, and insurance. Additionally, startups and developing enterprises develop technologythatenableautomobilestosafelycommunicate andtradeovertheinternet.

International Engineering Technology (IRJET)

e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 03 | Mar 2022 www.irjet.net ISSN: 2395 0072

environmentindustryAtechnologies.consumerstheproductionprocesses.Automobilemanufacturersallaroundworldareusingavarietyofstrategiestogiveendwiththemostinnovativeandcuttingedgewaveofnewtechnicaldevelopmentswillwelcomethecarinthenextyears,transformingthesector'sthroughouttheworld.

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