Waste Minimization in Die Cutting Industry Through Implementation of Green Manufacturing Technologies: A Case Study
Key Words: Green manufacturing, die cutting industry, waste management, green manufacturing techniques, green
1.3 Importance of GM
1.2 Origin and overview of GM
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1.11.INTRODUCTIONdesignDefinitionofG.M
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“Green '' is an adjective that is defined as "regarding or supporting environmentalism and tending to preserve the quality of the environment (as per being. Recyclable, biodegradable or pollutant free)". This definition alone is safeenvironmentalusingmanufacturing.DepartmentAonsystemofbroad,butwhenappliedtothefabricationofthegeneralideaenvironmentallyfriendlymanufacturing.isaprocessorthathasaminimum,nonexistentornegativeimpacttheenvironment.definitionadaptedfromthatproposedbytheUSofCommercefocusesonsustainableThedevelopmentofmanufacturingproductsmaterialsandprocessesthatminimizenegativeeffects,saveenergyandnaturalresources,areforemployees,communitiesandconsumersand economically sustainable. “The word "green" may also be used as a verb which would then refer to the process of reducing the environmental impact of one or more manufacturing processes. Examples of greening a manufacturing system include reducing the quantity of
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3Assistant professor, Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Shankar C. Kolekar1, Dr. Sunil Satao2, Mahesh Bhadane3
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1M. E. (Mechanical) student, Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Abstract - This Project work aims to implement green manufacturing in the die cutting industry This project work selectsoneofthedie cuttingindustriesinTTCIndustrialArea Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It has been observed that fifthdiscussionthemanufacturingtheincludedincludedrecentincludesvariouinvestedindustrybeforeimplementingthepracticeofgreenmanufacturingtheproducesaconsiderableamountofwasteandsomehowmoreamountforprocessingdiecuttingforsmetalandnonmetalprintedboardsThisworkinformationaboutvariousgreenpracticesandtheresearchworkcarriedoutbydifferentresearchersisinthesecondchapterofthispaper.Thethirdparttheearlierpracticesinthediecuttingindustryandinformationaboutimplementationsofgreentechniques.Theexperimentaltechniquesandresultsareelaboratedinchapterfour.Finally,theandconclusionoftheworkareenlistedinchapterpart.
hazardous waste generated. Reduce the consumption of coolant during machining, or change the energy mix to includemorerenewableenergysources.
TheGMconceptemergedinGermanyinthelate1980sand early 1990s. According to Bylinsky (1995), they set up an effective global system manufacturing standard instilling thatanycompanythatwantstocompeteonaglobalscale mustbegintomanufactureproductsthatwillcomplywith greenregulationsoftheEuropeanmarket.Fromthe1980s onwards,sustainablemanufacturingactivitiesbegantofocus onwastereductioninproduction.Afterthat,theparadigm forsustainablemanufacturingwaschanged,movingfroma product driven process,focusingprimarilyon reducing of resources, energy and toxic materials, as well as developmentanduseofrenewablematerialsexpressedby Seligeretal.(2008).Fischeretal.(1997)provideasimilar view,outlininganumberofwaysorganizationshavedealt withthisissue,fewofwhicharedesignedforreusabilityand recycling, minimizing waste, emissions and raw material consumption.
2Associate professor, Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Intheproductlifecycle,onceaproducthasmovedfromthe drawingboardintoproduction,itsenvironmentalattributes arelargelyfixed.Forthisreason,itisnecessarytosupport thedesignfunctionwithEnvironmentalimpactassessment toolsandmethodologieshavebeen developedtoenablea comprehensive assessment of each phase of construction. Liuetal.(2005b)statethat Sustainabilityhasbecomethe key policy to achieve environmental management and protection. Even with continuous development, resource utilization can be done. An understanding of the causal relationship between GM and corporate environmental performance, for example, green technology activities, is therefore required. Environmental problems are a worldwideconcernduetotheriseofindustrialactivities.To protect the world, it is necessary to adopt a preventive approach.Theverysource,GM,DfE,andlifecycleanalysis (LCA)arenowbeingpursued,insistRivera BecerraandLin (1999).Environmentalglobalizationhasforcecompaniesto becomemoreefficient.GMistheonlyobvioussolutionfor
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Invention was that it was the first form of printing to use movabletype”(GREAT@2007).
Fig 1:Exampleofdiecutting
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today's manufacturing scenario, according to Zhu et al., (2007).
[5]Wadhah Abualfaraa1,KonstantinosSalonitis,AhmedAl Ashaab and Maher Ala’raj studied “Lean Green ManufacturingPracticesandTheirLinkwithSustainability: A Critical Review” which elaborates rapidly changing and highlycompetitivemarkethasputcompaniesunderagreat pressuretowardsadoptingsustainablepractices,intermsof keepingahealthybalanceamongeconomic,environmental and social performances. In this context, the lean green manufacturing approach, which combines lean practices
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4] Aditya M. Belekar introduce in “GREEN MANUFACTURING” that research finding that correlates between problems faced due to manufacturing and its relation with the working of sugarcane factory and foundries. This research technology presented in paper claims about increase in economic progress rate while decrease in resource depletion, waste generation and pollution. The paper presents the green technology used over traditional ways as it promotes green design and development of innovative manufacturing systems. The paperinformsaboutcostreductionandimprovedqualityof productwhichisusefulforindustrypurposes
[1] I.D. Paula, G.P. Bholeb J.R. Chaudhari in “A review on Green Manufacturing: It’s important, Methodology and its Application.Introduceanobjectivetobringtheattentionof [goodimplementationwastagegreenThispoint.hazardousdaymassthemanufacturerwhoismanufacturingtheproductwiththeproduction.Wehaveseenthatalotofenergyisusedbydayandlotsofwasteisavailable.ThewasteisandcanleadthehumanbeingtoaterminationToxichazardsarereallycrucialforhumanbeings.paperpointsoutallthewasteandthemethodologyofmanufacturingthatwecanapplyandcanreduceandincreasetheuseofsustainableenergy.TheofGreenManufacturingmaynotonlybefortheenvironmentitisoftengoodbusiness,aswell.
2.1INDUSTRIESHistoryof the printing industry
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“In 1440, a German called Johannes Gutenberg invented a printingpressprocessthat,withrefinementsandincreased mechanization, remained the principal means of printing alloys,fromuntilthelate20thcentury.Theinventor'smethodofprintingmovabletype,includingtheuseofmetalmoldsandaspecialpress,andoilbasedinks,allowedforthefirst Gutenbergtimethemassproductionofprintedbooks”(GREAT@2007).gavebirthin1436to“anart”thatplayedan importantpartintheindustrialrevolutionandtodayisoneof themostadvancedandtechnologicaldevelopments.“Hewas German, his press was wooden, and the most important aspect of his invention was that it was the first form of printingtousemovabletype”(GREAT@2007).
2.2 Die cutting process
The die cutting process involves the use of metal dies3 to givepaperorsubstrateproductsspecificshapesordesigns thatcannotbeaccomplishedbyastraightcutonawebpress or a guillotine cutter. By using knife edge cutting blades formedintoapatternordie,amachinepressesthedieinto thematerialtoproducethedesiredshape.Almostanyshape can be created and applied to a diverse array of raw materials. Labels, envelopes, folders, cardboards, and documentsareonlyafewofthemanyprintedproductsthat canbediecut.Webpressesoftenhavearotarydieunitthat isutilized for diecuttingpaper andlabel stocks.Although there are limitations on the types of dies and paper selectionsthatcanbeprovided,rotarydiecuttingservesas an effective method for longer run quantities of printed materialsrequiringsometypeofdiecutarea.Singlesheet productsrequiretheuseofaflatbeddieandaflatbedcutting presstodiecuttheshapeintothepaperstock.Thespeedof thisprocessisslowerthanawebpress,butitdoesprovide diecuttingcapabilitiestoawidervarietyofpaperstocksand printedproducts”(INTERNATIONAL@2007).
3. LITERATURE SURVEY
2. INTRODUCTION TO DIE CUTTING AND PRINTING
3] Ahmed M. Deif abstracted in “A SYSTEM MODEL FOR GREEN MANUFACTURING” that Manufacturing systems evolutionfunctionsinmultipleexternalandinternalfactors. Withtoday’sglobalawarenessofenvironmentalrisksaswell as the pressing needs to compete through efficiency, manufacturingsystemsareevolvingintoa newparadigm. This paper presents a system model for the new green manufacturing paradigm. The model captures various planning activities to migrate from a less green into a greenerandmoreeco efficientmanufacturing.Thevarious planning stages are accompanied by the required control metrics as well as various green tools in an open mixed architecture. The system model is demonstrated by an industrial case study. The proposed model is a comprehensive qualitative approach to design and/or improvegreenmanufacturingsystemsaswellasaroadmap forfuturequantitativeresearchtobetterevaluatethisnew [paradigm.
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Therearedifferentkindsofdiesusedduringthediecutting process(itdependsofthekindofmachine)(Flexographic, 1980,26):
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• The steel rule die: This is probably the most commonly usedwithmostoftheweb andsheetfedequipment.Here thecuttingknivesareflexibleandrelativelythin.Theymust therefore be embedded in or otherwise supported by a thicker,solidmaterialsuchasplywood.
•Themale femaledie:Itismadeoftwodistinct(upperand lower) sections. Each section is made of hardened steel blockswhichmustbematedwithextremeaccuracyinorder toaccomplishthescissortypecuttingactioninherenttothis formofdiecutting.Itismostusefulintheproductionoftags andlabels.
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focusedoncustomers’demand,andgreenpracticesfocused onreducingthebusiness’environmentalimpact,hasgained popularity.Nevertheless,lean greenmanufacturingisstilla relatively new practice, lacking a clear and structured researchdefinition,andofsignificantevidenceofsuccessful cases in the practice. In this paper, a literature review is conductedtoidentifytheactualpossibilityofcombininglean and green practices, the current trends for implementing such a combination and the potential sustainability improvements such implementation can lead to. It is the authors’intention thatthe findingsanalyzed in this paper can contribute to the state of the art of lean green manufacturingandprovidepractitionerswithausefultool towardsdevelopingeffectivestrategiesforitsdeployment.
•Theclickerdie:AstheMallethandledies,theClickerdie’s blade is bent or fabricated to conform to the design configuration.Noexternalsupportisrequiredtopreventthe cuttingknivesfrombending.
moreexpensive.Theyarenormallyusedonawebpress.The dieisfixedtoametalroller.
The function of any die cutter is to operate the die and to controltheflowofmaterialasitentersandexitsfromthedie area.
Fig 2:.(a)FE SEMporesizedistributions,(b)FT IR spectraand(c)XPSspectraofDES SH,DES SH CS,DES SH DA,DES SH CS/DAandDES SH CS/DA/AVhydrogels.
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[7]AlexBadgett et.al.“Methodsidentifyingcost reduction potentialforwaterelectrolysissystems”introducestatistic ofcostreductionforwaterelectrolysis.Thestudyalsoused Techno economic analysis (TEA) is a valuable tool for understandinghowtoinformresearchdirectionsthatcould makehydrogenfromelectrolysiscostcompetitivewiththat produced by conventional means like steam methane reforming.
[8]SubramanianSenthilkannanMuthuetal.“Eco Impactof Plastic and Paper Shopping Bags” focused on study of the eco impact of plastic and paper bags using the life cycle impactassessment(LCIA)techniqueunderthreedifferent options
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In high volume die cutting operations, fully automatic machinesareused.Thematerialtobecutisautomatically fed into the press and located in the proper position. The steeldieispressedthroughthematerialandthepressureis released. The cut piece is removed along with any scrap material,andthenextpieceisindexedtorepeattheprocess. (Flexographic,1980,26)
•MalletHandledie:Thiswasthefirstkindofdiecreated. They were originally fashioned by a blacksmith to the desiredconfigurationoftheproducttobeproduced.After thecuttingedgeswerehand sharpenedandheattreated,a handlewasattachedtothebackofthediewhichcouldbe struckwithamallettoforcethediethroughthematerialto becut.
[6]YileiWangetal.“Agreenmethodofpreparinganatural anddegradablewounddressingcontainingaloeveraasan active ingredient” has described how to make products environmentally friendly with reduced production of hazardous waste while ensuring product functionality is becomingacrucialandburningissueinthemanufacturing industry.Thisresearchdevelopedanatural,degradableand environmentally friendly hydrogel wound dressing using aloevera(AV)asanactiveingredient.Thehydrogelwound dressing was prepared using all natural ingredients, comprised of sodium hyaluronate (SH), dopamine (DA), chitosan (CS), and AV, and using a green natural deep eutecticsolvent(DES)asagreensolvent.Theresultofthis studyisasfollows:
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•Rotarydies:Becauseoftheircurveconfiguration,theyare more difficult and time consuming to build and therefore
Earlierpracticeandimplementation:
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[9]MuhammadArshad et.al.“GreenBiocompositesfrom Nanoengineered Hybrid Natural Fiber and Biopolymer” describes the presence of other material will adversely impacttheenvironment
ProtolabisoneoftheleadingcompaniesOperatingfromthe city of Navi Mumbai, India, since1993, it has been able to meet customers' needs effectively. Protolab ElectrotechnologiesPvt.Ltd.aremanufacturerandsupplier of Flexible Membrane Switch, Membrane Keyboard, MembraneSwitches,3DPrintThermoformedDials,Plastic SmartCards,PackagingMaterialandmanymoreproducts.It supplies the range to over 1200 OEM's worldwide across variouscategorieswhichitmanufacturesintheiradvanced infrastructureunitthatisspreadover30,000sq.ft.Itsplant isneartotheairport,portsandrailways,whichhelpthemin quick transportation. They are supported by a team of proactiveengineerswhoworkasperthesetindustrynorms andimplementtheoutoftheboxideas.
Fig -4:Graphtheoryofmachiningprocess[10]
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[10] Neeraj Bhanot et. al. “Sustainable Manufacturing: An InteractionAnalysisforMachiningParametersusingGraph Theory”investigatesustainabilityinmanufacturingthrough graphtheoryforthebelowtable2
Fig -3:EDXspectrum[9]
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4.1 Products Manufactured
A)Inordertomeetthevariegateddemandsoftheclients,it manufactures and exports a wide range of Metal and clients.Membraneexpertiseexpertise,fromPolydomesPrintedMembraneKeyboards.Itismanufacturedtopqualityrawmaterialbyhelpoftheengineeringhightechequipmentandtechniques.ItholdsincustomizingthisMetalandPolydomesPrintedKeyboardtosuitthespecificrequirementsofthe
Table 1: Comparativeresultsofeco impactofplasticand paperbags.[8]
Table 2Connectionbetweensustainablemanufacturing parameters
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4. INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY PROTOLAB
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4.2 Waste Created
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Fig -9: Liquidwastedisposetodrainage
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SolidWaste
c) Plastic Packaging Material used for the packaging of variouselectricalandotherproducts.Itisintheshapeofthe productandiseasilyrecognizableduetoitstransparency. This material is processed by our dexterous professionals making use of advanced tools and premium quality basic material.Duetoitshighstrength,smoothtextures,moisture resistance, and durability, the product has gained huge demandamongourclients.Moreover,weareofferingthis PlasticPackagingMaterialatmarket leadingprices
This type of waste is created after the processing of manufacturing and die cutting. But the company is highly focusedtogeneratetheminimumwaste.
Thistypeofwasteiscreatedasadditivesandcoolantisused during processing. This waste is further treated and then deliveredintothedrainage.
Fig 8: MembraneKeyboard
Waste created by the company is of various types. it is categorizedintotwogroupssolidwasteandliquidwaste
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4.3 Liquid Waste
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b)ThisPrintedTouchScreenMembraneKeyboardiseasyto operate, high in performance, and is extensively used in specificsectors.Itismanufacturedundertheguidanceand supervision of quality experts as we make sure that it remains defect free. It is appreciated for its outstanding features like durability, reliability and optimum performance.Furthermore,weprovidethisPrintedTouch ScreenMembraneKeyboardatverynominalrates.
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Fig 7: Polydom
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Fig 5:MetalandPolydomesPrintedMembraneKeyboard
Fig 6:PrintedTouchScreenMembraneKeyboard
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A 5 S implementation can also significantly reduce the square footage needed for operations by organizing and disposingofunusedequipmentandsupplies.Lessstorage spacemeanslessenergyneededtoheatandlightthespace.
Thefollowingmethodologyadoptedforexperimentation
Implementationofbestsolution
6. AIM AND OBJECTIVE
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Toimplementthegreenpractices
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Analysewastematerialandcategoriseintovarious groups
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Graphicalinterpretations
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7. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Inspectionofexistingmanufacturingmethodand createdwaste
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Manufacturing industries play a tug of war between the public and private sectors, each demanding the fastest, cheapest, and highest quality products with the lowest environmental impact. The EPA reports 5 S systems offer severalenvironmentalbenefitsRegularcleaningdecreases the accumulation of cuttings, shavings, dirt and other substancesthatcancontaminateproductionprocessesand result in defects. A reduction in defects will lead to considerable environmental benefits because energy and materialsarenolongerwastedinproducinganddisposing ofdefectiveproducts.
5. PROBLEM DEFINITION
Analyseexistingdisposalmethodsanditseffects
Correlationsofvariousgreenmethodologieswith wastecategoriesgroups
Calculationsforbestresults
Toanalysisofthewasteproducedin1stobjective
8.2 TQM (Total quality management)
To study the various waste generated during die cuttingprocessesattheProtolab
8. METHODOLOGY USED TO REDUCE WASTE
5Sisatoolforworkplaceorganization,with5phasesthat each start with the letter “S”: Sort, Straighten, Shine, Standardize and Sustain. These 5 phases are also implementedinthisspecificorder.
Totalqualitymanagement(TQM)isatermthatoriginatedin the1950s.Theterm‘total’meanstheentireorganization allteams,departmentsandfunctions isinvolvedinquality management. The ‘system’ refers to the managerial and technologicalmethodstoachievequalityrequirementsand business objectives throughout an entire organization. Although it may go by various names, Juran believes ‘enterprise excellence’ to be a more appropriate name for TQM.
Prior to this project work Solid waste created by the company is manually collected in a bin and handover to MSWvan.DoingthisincreasestheburdenonMSWinterms ofhandlingandtransportation.Italsogenerateszeroprofit tothecompany.Thisprojectstudyextensivelyfindsoutthe solid waste generation and applying 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)outofthisReducingofwasteisthemainconcernof thisstudy
To identified the impact of waste on waste managementandenvironment
This work is implemented first and Last ‘S’ i e Sort and Sustain.Therawmaterialaswellaswastematerialissorted according to weight and volume The results are shown in tablesandgraphs
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Month Week SolidWaste(Kg) (m^3)Volume Metal MetalNon Total
TotaloftheMonth 26.3 7.85
9. 9.1EXPERIMENTATIONInitialStep
Week_3 4.3 2.2 6.5 1.9
Table 5: Precisionexperiment
Thisstepisincontinuationwiththepreviousstepandalso collectsthewasteinthesamemanner.Unfortunately,thedie cuttingmachineno.2wascommittedtosuddenmaintenance for 3 days. Hence waste generation is quite less than previousstage.
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Week_3 4.3
Metal MetalNon Total
Week_2 4.0 2.2 6.2 1.8
Week_1 4.3 2.2 6.5 1.9
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Thecontinuousimprovementleadstoenergysavingaswell asmeetingthecurrenttrendsofcustomers.It'sultimately beneficial for the company's growth. This work is also sheettheimplemented.Strategicandsystematicapproachtominimizewasteandfocusingonaccuratedrawingofprinting2Dandprecisionmachining.
Table -3 Initialdatacollection
Feb 21 Week_1 4.3 2.2 6.5 1.9 4.4 2.2 6.6 1.8 2.2 6.5 1.9 6.7 2.25
March21
TotaloftheMonth 25.6 7.32
Inthisphase the focusismadeon precise machining.The workersareinstructedandobservedforprecisemachining of the cuts provided during die penetration are critically handled. The observed waste is compared with the non precisewaste.Itwasfoundthatthewasteisreducedquite Theless.observationsarelistedbelow
Week_2
9.3 Application of Precise machining process
Inthestartofthiswork,firstofallvarioustypesofthewaste are observed and categorized into different categories, broadlyseparatedasmetalandnonmetals.Theirweightand volumearemeasuredbyconventionalmeasuringmethods
Month Week SolidWaste(Kg) (m^3)Volume
Table 4: Observeddata
Month Week SolidWaste(Kg) (m^3)Volume
Week_4 4.4 2.3
21June Week_1 4.1 2.2 6.3 1.9
lMeta MetalNon alTot
Fig 10: TQMPhases[34]
9.2 Second step observations
Week_2 4.4 2.1 6.5 1.8
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Week_4 4.1 2.0 6.1 1.6
Theobservationsarelistedbelow
9.4 Implementation of Accurate drawing
10. EFFECTS OF RESEARCH
Aug 21 Week_1 3.8 2.0 5.8 1.6
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21July Week_1 3.9 2.2 6.1 1.7
Week_4 3.8 2.0 5.8 1.6
Week_3 3.9 2.0 5.9 1.6
TotaloftheMonth 23 6.2
TotaloftheMonth 23.7 6.6
Table 6: Accuratedrawingresult
9.5 Best from Waste
In this step a sample of generated waste is used to investigateforreuseandtoidentifyforenergypotential.The generatedwastehasconsiderablemetaltypematerialwhich canbe recycledand reused. Mostofthe waste metal alloy likestainlesssteel,aluzinc,aluminumwashandedover to themunicipalwastecollectioncenter.Nonmetalwastehas complexcompositionshencemoreinvestigationtechniques arerequired.Ithasagreatfuturescope. Theobservationsarelistedbelow:
Table 7: datacollectionforconvertintousefulwork
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Week_3 3.7 2.0 5.7 1.5
Week_2 3.4 1.5 4.9 1.3
Week_3 3.3 1.4 4.7 1.2
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Week_3 4.0 2.2 6.2 1.9
Week_4 3.7 2.0 5.7 1.5
Month Week SolidWaste(Kg) (m^3)Volume Metal MetalNon alTot
Week_2 3.8 2.0 5.8 1.6
Week_4 3.3 1.4 4.7 1.2
Sept 21 Week_1 3.5 1.4 4.9 1.3
Inthisphasealongwithprecisemachiningthefocusismade onaccuratedrawing.Thesheetsforprintedcircuitboardas wellasdigitalGraphicsUserinterface(GUI)areinstructedto optimizeinmaterial pointofview. Thenoptimizedsheets arepreciselymachined.Thequantityofwasteisreducedby aconsiderabletheobservationsarelistedbelow:
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Week_2 3.8 2.1 5.9 1.7
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TotaloftheMonth ~25 7.4
Month Week SolidWaste(Kg) (m^3)Volume Metal MetalNon Total
10.1 Manufacturing Cost Effect
Week_4 4.0 2.3 6.2 1.8
TotaloftheMonth 19.2 6.0
Rawmaterial 2.5 2.48 Man Machine 1.3 1.3 cuttingfluid 0.03 0.028 electricity 0.015 0.015 toolused 0.05 0.05
valuesareinINR parameter(per week) (Lakh)StudyBefore Afterstudy(Lakh)
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Research
Chart
Chart 1 ManufacturingCostEffects
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metalwaste 0.05 0.047 NonMetalwaste 0.002 0.0015 liquidwaste 0.0015 0.001 wastecollection 0.002 0.0018 wastetransportation 0.005 0.0048 2 WasteHandlingCostEffects
10.3 Energy extraction
March21 _1Week 4.3 2.2 6.5 1.9 (3emachinfailuredays) _2Week 4.4 2.1 6.5 1.8 _3Week 4.3 2.2 6.5 1.9 Week 4.1 2.0 6.1 1.6
10.2. Waste Handling Cost Effects
Thestuddedwastehassolidaswellasliquidwaste.Further solid waste is also categorized into metal and non metal waste.Therefore,therearegreatopportunitiestoreusethis wasteandproducetheusefuleffectorextractthebestfrom Inwaste.presentstudythemetalwasteissenttoreuseafterwaste separation, where it is reprocessed and converted into reusableform.
11. 11.1.RESULTSResults are summaries in tabular form
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Engineering
parameter (per week) (Lakh)StudyBefore After study (Lakh)
Thenonmetalwasteisprocessedforplastictoyindustries andliquidwasteareprocessedforfurtheranalysislikeCOD andBODcalculations.
Table 8: Results
TotaloftheMonth 26.3 7.85 tionsObservaInitial
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Month Week SolidWaste(Kg) 3)(m^Vol. usedMethod Metal MetalNon alTot 21Feb. _1Week 4.3 2.2 6.5 1.9 (StartNil Work)projectof _2Week 4.4 2.2 6.6 1.8 _3Week 4.3 2.2 6.5 1.9 _4Week 4.4 2.3 6.7 2.25
Week2 3.4 1.5 4.9 1.3
TotaloftheMonth 23 6.2
TotaloftheMonth ~25 7.4
_4Week 3.7 2.0 5.7 1.5
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_4Week
_3Week 3.3 1.4 4.7 1.2
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TotaloftheMonth 23.7 6.6
_3Week 3.7 2.0 5.7 1.5
21Sept _1Week 3.5 1.4 4.9 1.3
21Aug. _1Week 3.8 2.0 5.8 1.6 WProjectforutilizinggDrawineAccuratngMachiniPrecise++ 3.8 2.0 5.8 1.6
12. CONCLUSION
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_4Week 3.3 1.4 4.7 1.2
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Total_4oftheMonth 25.6 7.32
21June _1Week 4.1 2.2 6.3 1.9 ngMachiniPrecise 2Week 4.0 2.2 6.2 1.8 4.0 2.2 6.2 1.9 4.0 2.3 6.2 1.8
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_3Week
_4Week
21July _1Week 3.9 2.2 6.1 1.7 gDrawineAccuratngMachiniPrecise+ 3.8 2.1 5.9 1.7 3.9 2.0 5.9 1.6 3.8 2.0 5.8 1.6
_2Week
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_2Week
WProjectforutilizinggDrawineAccuratngMachiniPrecise++
_3Week
TotaloftheMonth 19.2 6.0
Thisworkisexclusivelyfocusedonwasteobservationsand its effect on the environment by implementing green technology,likeTQM,5Setc.basedontheobservationsthe wastegeneratedhavevariouscategories.Thisworkbroadly
Chart -3 GraphicalRepresentationofWork
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[4] Siddharth Kale Nattasit Dancholvichit , Chinedum Okwudire “Comparative LCA of a Linear Motor and HybridFeedDriveunderHighCutting”LoadsDecember 2014ProcediaCIRP
[9] Arshad,Muhammad&Kaur,Manpreet&Ullah,Aman. Green Biocomposites from Nano engineered Hybrid Natural Fiber and Biopolymer. ACS Sustainable Chemistry&Engineering(2016).
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[18] DiegoLimaMedeiros“Environmentalimprovementin the printing industry: the case study of self adhesive labels”May2019EnvironmentalScienceandPollution Research
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Theresultshowsthatthevolumeofwastegeneratedisalso reduced by imparting green technologies. It would ultimatelyreducethestorage,handlingandtransportofthe MSWmanagementsystem.
[2] K. Gupta, “A Review on Green Machining Techniques” 30thInternationalConferenceonFlexibleAutomation andIntelligentManufacturing(FAIM2021)15 18June 2021,Athens,Greece.
classified the waste into metal and non metals (paper, plastic, polymers etc.). The result shows that precise machiningreducesthewasteinafewkilogramsbutprecise machininginassociationwithaccuratedrawingwithskilled workersreducedthewastebyaconsiderableamount.
[17] .Ugurulu M, Karaoglu. M. H, Kula. I (2006), “Experimentalinvestigationofchemicaloxygendemand, lignin and phenol removal from paper mill effluents usingthree phasethree dimensionalelectrodereactor”, PolishJ.OfEnviron.Stud.15(4),PP647 654
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